cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distortion-optimal transmission of progressive images over channels with random bit errors and packet erasures

We present a statistical optimization framework for solving the end-to-end problem of progressive transmission of images over noisy channels. We consider the impacts of transmission bit errors as well as packet erasures. To cope with the impact of random bit errors, we formulate an optimization problem aimed at minimizing the end-to-end expected distortion of a reconstructed image subject to rate and efficiency constraints. In order to eliminate the impact of packet erasures, we propose utilizing an algorithm that is capable of statistically guaranteeing the delivery of a packet set associated with the progressive bitstream of an image source. Using receiver feedback, our framework is capable of effectively coping with the channel loss effects characterized by the Gilbert-Elliott model.
Delay spread measurements on a wideband MIMO channel at 3.7 GHz

This paper summarizes the delay spread characteristics of a 20 MHz MIMO channel at a carrier frequency of 3.676 GHz. The signals are transmitted from a two-antenna base to a two-antenna mobile receiver, and the experiments were conducted in a suburban setting outside Chicago, Illinois. The results include a statistical description of the delay spread environment. In addition, a case study of the temporal behavior of the channel is presented along with a one-bounce analysis to locate macro scatterers.
Mouse alpha 1- and beta 2-syntrophin gene structure, chromosome localization, and homology with a discs large domain.

The syntrophin family of dystrophin-associated proteins consists of three isoforms, α1, β1, and β2, each encoded by a distinct gene. We have cloned and characterized the mouse α1- and β2-syntrophin genes. The mouse α1-syntrophin gene (>24 kilobases) is comprised of eight exons. The mouse β2-syntrophin gene (>33 kilobases) contains seven exons, all of which have homologues at the corresponding position in the α1-syntrophin gene. Primer extension analysis reveals two transcription initiation sites in the α1-syntrophin gene and a single site in the β2-syntrophin gene. The sequence immediately 5′ of the transcription start sites of both genes lacks a TATA box but is GC-rich and has multiple putative SP1 binding sites. The α1-syntrophin gene is located on human chromosome 20 and mouse chromosome 2, while the β2-syntrophin gene is on human chromosome 16 and mouse chromosome 8. Analysis of the amino acid sequence of the syntrophins reveals the presence of four conserved domains. The carboxyl-terminal 56 amino acids are highly conserved and constitute a syntrophin unique domain. Two pleckstrin homology domains are located at the amino-terminal end of the protein. The first pleckstrin homology domain is interrupted by a domain homologous to repeated sequences originally found in the Drosophila discs-large protein.
A Characteristic-Based Volume Penalization Method for Arbitrary Mach Flows Around Solid Obstacles

Volume penalization is a subclass of immersed boundary methods for modeling complex geometry flows, which introduces the effects of obstacles by modifying the governing equations.
Theory of Crystal Space Groups and Infra-Red and Raman Lattice Processes of Insulating Crystals

This article was written with the objective of developing, and illustrating, the principles and practice of the application of group theory methods to the analysis of the infra-red and Raman lattice optical processes in insulating crystals. The group theory methods have proven to be very powerful tools in the interpretation and prediction of optical processes. It is also our objective to make these methods as accessible, and transparent, and hence as widely used as possible.
Voluntary Control of Desire

In this paper, I will investigate whether there is any way in which our desires or wants are under our voluntary control. I shall argue that even if our desires are not under our voluntary control, there are still significantly many cases in which we can properly be blamed, praised, or upbraided for having certain desires.
Plasma Immersion ion Implantation of Semiconductors

This paper reviews recent developments of plasma immersion ion implantation (PHI) for semiconductor applications: ultra-shallow junction formation, microscopic conformai doping, metallization, and impurities gettering. We also discuss semiconductor processing issues with PHI: reactor design, wafer charging, surface deposition/etching., and secondary electron emission.
SM-07A PILOT STUDY OF HIGH-DOSE INFLUENZA VACCINE IMMUNOGENICITY IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM MALIGNANCY.

BACKGROUND: In a previous investigation, we demonstrated reduced immunogenicity to the standard trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in patients with primary central nervous system (CNS) malignancy (Neuro-Oncol 2014, PMID 24714522). Other populations with similar reduced responses have shown improved immunogenicity to a high-dose vaccine. OBJECTIVE: A pilot prospective cohort study was designed to evaluate the immunogenicity of the Fluzone® High-Dose influenza vaccine in patients with CNS malignancy. METHODS: Baseline data on diagnosis, chemotherapy, radiation, glucocorticoids, and timing of treatment were collected. All patients underwent vaccination with of the Fluzone® High-Dose influenza vaccine. Serum samples are actively being collected at baseline, day 28, and 3 months following vaccine administration. Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers will be measured to determine seroconversion (4-fold rise) and seroprotection (titer 1:40). RESULTS: A total of 27 patients were enrolled. Mean age at baseline was 52.7 years (+/-12.6); 41% male; 93% white and 7% black. Diagnoses included high-grade glioma (85%), CNS lymphoma (11%), and meningioma (4%). At enrollment, 8 patients (30%) were taking glucocorticoids, 4 (15%) were undergoing active radiation, 14 (52%) were on chemotherapy, and 5 (19%) began chemotherapy following vaccine administration. Prior radiation (n = 19, 70%) and chemotherapy (n = 14, 52%) were common. Seven patients (26%) reported post-vaccination symptoms potentially attributable to vaccination; 6 experienced only local soreness or redness at the injection site and 1 suffered headache, nausea, vomiting. All symptoms were transient and resolved completely. At baseline, 8 patients (30%) had absolute CD4 < 300. Serum samples for HAI assay are being collected. Seroconversion and seroprotection rates are forthcoming. CONCLUSION: Studies have shown that populations known to respond poorly to standard yearly influenza vaccination (e.g. the elderly) can mount an effective immunologic response to the high-dose vaccine. This prospective cohort study will provide preliminary data regarding the immunologic response to high-dose vaccination in patients with primary CNS malignancy. Funding: The Fluzone® High Dose vaccine and HAI titer measurements were provided by Sanofi Pasteur. Acknowledgement: This research was supported by the Clinical Research Unit of the Wake Forest Translational Science Institute.
Enhanced virus yields and decreased interferon production in mycoplasma-infected hamster cells.

SummaryThe effects of mycoplasma infection on interferon production were studied in hamster embryo fibroblasts. Both mycoplasmas chosen for investigation, M. arginini and M. kyorhinis, were able to replicate and establish a chronic infection in these cells. Neither mycoplasma was able to induce interferon by itself. However, both caused a pronounced decrease in the amount of interferon induced by a virus (Semliki Forest virus) and in the amount of viral resistance induced by a synthetic complexed RNA (polyinosinic and polycytidilic acid). In addition to depressing interferon production, mycoplasma infection rendered the cells less sensitive to exogenously supplied interferon. Viral transcription, however, was not impaired. Rather, under the appropriate conditions, enhanced SFV yields could be obtained from cultures previously infected with mycoplasma.
Severe mitral regurgitation and biventricular heart failure successfully treated with biventricular percutaneous axial flow pumps as a bridge to mitral valve surgery

Prompt recognition of acute right ventricular failure is essential in order to provide timely hemodynamic support. We report a case of a patient with severe mitral regurgitation complicated by cardiogenic shock that failed to improve with left ventricular support alone. The recognition of concomitant right ventricular failure led to the addition of a right ventricular support device, resulting in dramatic hemodynamic improvement. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mixture Modeling of Individual Learning Curves.

We show that student learning can be accurately modeled using a mixture of learning curves, each of which specifies error probability as a function of time. This approach generalizes Knowledge Tracing [7], which can be viewed as a mixture model in which the learning curves are step functions. We show that this generality yields order-of-magnitude improvements in prediction accuracy on real data. Furthermore, examination of the learning curves provides actionable insights into how different segments of the student population are learning. To make our mixture model more expressive, we allow the learning curves to be defined by generalized linear models with arbitrary features. This approach generalizes Additive Factor Models [4] and Performance Factors Analysis [16], and outperforms them on a large, real world dataset.
Rules of Procedure of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights

Approved by the Commission at its 109th special session held 4–8 December 2000. TITLE 1 ORGANIZATION OF THE COMMISSION CHAPTER I NATURE AND COMPOSITION Article 1 Nature and Composition The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights is an autonomous organ of the Organization of American States whose principal functions are to promote the observance and defense of human rights and to serve as an advisory body to the Organization in this area. The Commission represents all the Member States of the Organization. The Commission is composed of seven members elected in their individual capacity by the General Assembly of the Organization. They shall be persons of high moral character and recognized competence in the field of human rights. CHAPTER II MEMBERSHIP Article 2 Duration of the Term of Office The members of the Commission shall be elected for four years and may be re-elected only once. In the event that new members of the Commission have not been elected to replace those completing their term of office, the latter shall continue to serve until the new members are elected. Article 3 Precedence The members of the Commission shall follow the President and Vice-Presidents in order of precedence according to their seniority in office. When there are two or more members with equal seniority, precedence shall be determined according to age. Article 4 Incompatibility The position of member of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights is incompatible with the exercise of activities which could affect the independence or impartiality of the member, or the dignity or prestige of the office. The Commission, with the affirmative vote of at least five of its members, shall decide whether a situation of incompatibility exists. […]
Shielded No More? [Microwave Surfing]

Explaining the basic physics behind a Faraday cage is easy for a solid metal enclosure, and many textbooks show why the electrostatic field inside a metal cavity vanishes. However, when it comes to a metal cage, a group of researchers from the University of Oxford could not find any supporting mathematical analysis: We have consulted with enough people on this subject to be confident that no such treatment is widely known. The effect is mentioned in passing in some books, but usually with no equations. An impression is sometimes given that the strength of the effect is exponential or nearly exponential as a function of distance from the screen, a claim we have been unable to justify. Undeterred, the Oxford group decided to investigate the matter on its own.Presents the results of the investigation.
Mapping Optimal Charge Density and Length of ROMP-Based PTDMs for siRNA Internalization

A fundamental understanding of how polymer structure impacts internalization and delivery of biologically relevant cargoes, particularly small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA), is of critical importance to the successful design of improved delivery reagents. Herein we report the use of ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) methods to synthesize two series of guanidinium-rich protein transduction domain mimics (PTDMs): one based on an imide scaffold that contains one guanidinium moiety per repeat unit, and another based on a diester scaffold that contains two guanidinium moieties per repeat unit. By varying both the degree of polymerization and, in effect, the relative number of cationic charges in each PTDM, the performances of the two ROMP backbones for siRNA internalization were evaluated and compared. Internalization of fluorescently labeled siRNA into Jurkat T cells demonstrated that fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-siRNA internalization had a charge content dependence, with PTDMs contain...
A Postmodern Wizard: The Religious Bricolage of the Harry Potter Series

The Harry Potter series is rich in allusions to Celtic, Greek, Roman, Norse, and Hindu mythology, Arthurian legends, and Christianity. These religious and mythological elements are taken out of their original context and re-combined in a postmodern bricolage, reflecting the series' emphasis on cultural diversity and the forging of individual meaning.
Reducing Barriers to Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for People With Cognitive Impairments

The field of rehabilitation has increasingly called for the use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in research and practice. Given that many rehabilitation patients present with conditions associated with cognitive impairments, it is imperative to reduce barriers to PROM use for this population. The purpose of this article is to develop a comprehensive understanding of cognitive accessibility that can prospectively inform the design of PROMs. We put forth the following definition of cognitive accessibility for PROMs: cognitive accessibility is present when assessment design anticipates respondent variability in cognitive abilities and, to the greatest extent possible, reduces cognitive demands and/or supports cognitive processes to enable respondents with a range of cognitive abilities to interpret and respond to assessment items as intended. Our operationalization of cognitive accessibility in measurement in the field of rehabilitation is informed by 2 assumptions: (1) cognitive accessibility results from an interaction between the individual's capacities and the demands of the assessment and assessment context, and (2) individuals with cognitive impairments have the right to be involved in decisions about their lives, including health care decisions. This article proposes 3 design features that can be optimized for cognitive accessibility: content, layout, and administration procedures. We end with a discussion of next steps that the field of rehabilitation measurement can undertake to advance our understanding of cognitive accessibility.
Behavioral aspects of temperature-taking

Ear thermometry addresses two basic psychological aspects of fevers. The first one is obvious: the battle of the rectal temperature can be eliminated by ear thermometry. The second one addresses the overtreatment of tactile fevers. Tactile temperature taken by feeling the forehead occurs in 50% to 90% of homes. Half of warm foreheads occur in afebrile children who are warm because they're releasing heat generated by a recent activity or bath. If an actual temperature were measured, these children wouldn't be mislabeled as having fever and unnecessarily treated.
One Point of View: The Lawyers Are Coming! The Lawyers are Coming!

(1990). One Point of View: The Lawyers Are Coming! The Lawyers are Coming! Research-Technology Management: Vol. 33, No. 6, pp. 7-9.
What counts as part of a game? Reconsidering skills

AbstractThe first goal of this paper is to reply to a number of criticisms levied by Gunnar Breivik and Robert L. Simon against an account of sporting skills I published almost 20 years ago in which I distinguished between constitutive and restorative skills and examined their normative significance. To accomplish this goal, I first summarize my characterization and classification of skills and then detail the criticisms. After responding to the latter, and thus reconsidering and hopefully strengthening my account of skill in sport, I turn my attention to Scott Kretchmar and Tim Elcombe’s inquiry into the skills involved in competitive sport. These authors claim that contesting skills demand the same respect usually accorded to testing skills. The second goal of this paper is then to explore Kretchmar and Elcombe’s inquiry under the light of my reconsidered analysis of skill. I specifically advocate a plausible relationship, both in terms of their distinctive character and relative import, between testing...
Single-Molecule Resolution of Antimicrobial Peptide Interactions with Supported Lipid A Bilayers.

Abstract The molecular interactions between antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and lipid A-containing supported lipid bilayers were probed using single-molecule total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Hybrid supported lipid bilayers with lipid A outer leaflets and phospholipid (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE)) inner leaflets were prepared and characterized, and the spatiotemporal trajectories of individual fluorescently labeled LL37 and Melittin AMPs were determined as they interacted with the bilayer surfaces comprising either monophosphoryl or diphosphoryl lipid A (from Escherichia coli ) to determine the impact of electrostatic interactions. Large numbers of trajectories were obtained and analyzed to obtain the distributions of surface residence times and the statistics of the spatial trajectories. Interestingly, the AMP species were sensitive to subtle differences in the charge of the lipid, with both peptides diffusing more slowly and residing longer on the diphosphoryl lipid A. Furthermore, the single-molecule dynamics indicated a qualitative difference between the behavior of AMPs on hybrid Lipid A bilayers and on those composed entirely of DOPE. Whereas AMPs interacting with a DOPE bilayer exhibited two-dimensional Brownian diffusion with a diffusion coefficient of ∼1.7 μ m 2 /s, AMPs adsorbed to the lipid A surface exhibited much slower apparent diffusion (on the order of ∼0.1 μ m 2 /s) and executed intermittent trajectories that alternated between two-dimensional Brownian diffusion and desorption-mediated three-dimensional flights. Overall, these findings suggested that bilayers with lipid A in the outer leaflet, as it is in bacterial outer membranes, are valuable model systems for the study of the initial stage of AMP-bacterium interactions. Furthermore, single-molecule dynamics was sensitive to subtle differences in electrostatic interactions between cationic AMPs and monovalent or divalent anionic lipid A moieties.
The processing, structure and properties of elastomeric fibers

Abstract: This chapter surveys the recent progress in the science and technology of elastomeric fibers in a number of applications in the textile and allied industry. The chemical structure, fiber formation and the relationship between structure and properties of a few representative examples of technologically important elastomeric fibers such as polyurethane, styrene block copolymers, polyolefin, and elastomeric polymer alloys are described to illustrate the benefits of the science and technology of elastomeric fibers that may provide a basis for future progress in this important technological field.
An H2O-D2O Moderated Reactor

Calculations are made of the infinite multiplication factor in natural uranium dioxide lattices employing mixtures of light and heavy water as a moderator. The three parameters varied in the study ...
Crustacean Organ and Cell Culture

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the crustacean organ and cell culture. Crustacean organ and cell culture techniques have been utilized for decades by physiologists, biochemists, endocrinologists, and pathologists. The utilization of in vitro techniques has coincided with the increased interest in the biology of crustaceans. The present surge of interest is likely because of a number of different factors. Crustaceans,especially the decapod Crustacea, supply a significant portion of the aquatic protein consumed by humans. A great deal of research is currently devoted to the aquaculture of several commercially important species. Crustaceans possess some unusual physiological and biochemical features that make them amenable model biological systems,for example, the large ganglia and axons of crayfish and lobsters, the inability of crustaceans to synthesize endogenous cholesterol from acetate, and the ability to regenerate autotomized limbs. With the increased use of insecticides, their effects on the closely related crustaceans are being more actively studied. The chapter presents some historical aspects of crustacean organ culture also reviews the primary disciplinary thrusts of research interests in the field. Crustacean organ culture has been utilized for decades and has proved to be an extremely valuable model system for the investigation of many physiological processes,for example, osmoregulation, neurophysiology, and endocrinology.
Maternal Magnesium Deficiency in Mice Leads to Maternal Metabolic Dysfunction and Altered Lipid Metabolism with Fetal Growth Restriction

Inadequate magnesium (Mg) intake is a widespread problem, with over 50% of women of reproductive age consuming less than the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Because pregnancy increases the requirement for Mg and the beneficial effects of magnesium sulfate for preeclampsia/eclampsia and fetal neuroprotection are well described, we examined the outcomes of Mg deficiency during pregnancy. Briefly, pregnant Swiss Webster mice were fed either control or Mg-deficient diets starting on gestational day (GD) 6 through euthanasia on GD17. Mg-deficient dams had significantly reduced weight gain and higher plasma adipokines, in the absence of inflammation. Livers of Mg-deficient dams had significantly higher saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and lower polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (P < 0.0001) and arachidonic acid (AA) (P < 0.0001). Mechanistically, Mg deficiency was accompanied by enhanced desaturase and elongase mRNA expression in maternal livers along with higher circulating insulin and glucose concentrations (P < 0.05) and increased mRNA expression of Srebf1 and Chrebp, regulators of fatty acid synthesis (P < 0.05). Fetal pups exposed to Mg deficiency were growth-restricted and exhibited reduced survival. Mg-deficient fetal livers showed lower MUFAs and higher PUFAs, with lower desaturase and elongase mRNA expression than controls. In addition, DHA concentrations were lower in Mg-deficient fetal brains (P < 0.05). These results indicate that Mg deficiency during pregnancy influences both maternal and fetal fatty acid metabolism, fetal growth and fetal survival, and support better understanding maternal Mg status before and during pregnancy.
Application of Irreversible Thermodynamics to Mass Transport in Ionic Conductors

Despite the almost universal acceptance of the non-equilibrium, or irreversible, thermodynamics (NET) of Onsager1 and his followers,2,3 most of the published research concerning ion transport relies on the Nernst-Planck equations.4 The Nernst-Planck equations ignore cross-effects due to both equilibrium and non-equilibrium interactions. Cross-effects cannot be ignored in complete treatments of ion transport, as others5–9 have also noted. For an ion of concentration ci, charge zi, and velocity vi, the one dimensional Nernst-Planck equation is $$ {{c}_{i}}{{v}_{i}}=-{{D}_{i}}\left( \frac{\partial {{c}_{i}}}{\partial x}-{{c}_{i}}{{z}_{i}}\frac{F}{RT}E \right) $$ (1.1) where Di is a diffusion coefficient, F is the Faraday constant, R the gas constant, T the temperature, and E the electric field. The principal inaccuracy in Eq. (1.1) is the omission of terms which represent the effects upon civi of interactions among ions of different kinds. The NET equation corresponding to (1.1) is, for n solute components, $$ {{c}_{i}}{{v}_{i}}={{c}_{i}}{{v}_{0}}-\underset{j}{\mathop{\Sigma }}\,{{D}_{ij}}\frac{\partial {{c}_{j}}}{\partial x}+\frac{\lambda {{t}_{i}}}{F{{Z}_{i}}}E,i,j=1,\cdots ,n, $$ (1.2) where v0 is the velocity of the solvent (usually vanishingly small), λ is the specific conductance (often denoted σ by solid state physicists), and ti is the Hittorf transference number for ion i in the particular solution. Eq. (1.2) reduces to Eq. (1.1) for very dilute solutions.
Mineral and Bone Disease in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Despite metabolic improvements following kidney transplantation, transplant recipients still often suffer from complex mineral and bone disease after transplantation. The pathophysiology of post-transplant disease is unique, secondary to underlying pre-transplant mineral and bone disease, immunosuppression, and changing kidney function. Changes in modern immunosuppression regimens continue to alter the clinical picture. Modern management includes reducing cumulative steroid exposure and correcting the biochemical abnormalities in mineral metabolism. While bone mineral density screening appears to help predict fracture risk and anti-osteoporotic therapy appears to have a positive effect on bone mineral density, more data regarding specific treatment is necessary. Patients with mineral and bone disease after kidney transplantation require special care in order to properly manage and mitigate their mineral and bone disease. Recent changes in clinical management of transplant patients may also be changing the implications on patients’ mineral and bone disease.
Intraoperative blood loss and transfusion during primary pediatric liver transplantation: A single-center experience.

Children undergoing liver transplantation are at a significant risk for intraoperative hemorrhage and thrombotic complications, we aim to identify novel risk factors for massive intraoperative blood loss and transfusion in PLT recipients and describe its impact on graft survival and hospital LOS. We reviewed all primary PLTs performed at our institution between September 2007 and September 2016. Data are presented as n (%) or median (interquartile range). EBL was standardized by weight. Massive EBL and MT were defined as greater than the 85th percentile of the cohort. 250 transplantations were performed during the study period. 38 (15%) recipients had massive EBL, and LOS was 31.5 (15-58) days compared to 11 (7-21) days among those without massive EBL (P < 0.001). MT median LOS was 34 (14-59) days compared to 11 (7-21) days among those without MT (P = 0.001). Upon backward stepwise regression, technical variant graft, operative time, and transfusion of FFP, platelet, and/or cryoprecipitate were significant independent risk factors for massive EBL and MT, while admission from home was a protective factor. Recipient weight was a significant independent risk factor for MT alone. Massive EBL and MT were not statistically significant for overall graft survival. MT was, however, a significant risk factor for 30-day graft loss. PLT recipients with massive EBL or MT had significantly longer LOS and increased 30-day graft loss in patients who required MT. We identified longer operative time and technical variant graft were significant independent risk factors for massive EBL and MT, while being admitted from home was a protective factor.
The perspectives, barriers, and willingness of Utah dentists to engage in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine practices.

ABSTRACTIncluding dental health providers in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination could reduce rising rates in HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OPC). This study assessed Utah dentists’ pe...
MP57-11 IMPACT OF LESION VISIBILITY ON TRANSRECTAL ULTRASOUND ON THE PREDICTION OF CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT PROSTATE CANCER (GLEASON SCORE = 3+4) WITH TRUS-MRI FUSION BIOPSY

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to estimate the impact of lesion visibility with TRUS on the prediction of CS-PCA with TRUS-MRI fusion biopsy. Materials and Methods This HIPAA-compliant, IRB–approved retrospective study included 178 men (age, 64.7 years; PSA, 8.9 ng/ml) who underwent TRUS-MRI fusion biopsy from January/2013 to September/2016. Visible lesions on MRI were those assigned a PI-RADS v2 score ≥ 3. TRUS was positive when a hypoechoic lesion was identified. We used a three-level mixed-effects logistic regression model to determine how TRUS-MRI concordance predicts the presence of CS-PCA. The diagnostic performance of both methods was estimated using ROC curves. Results 1331 "sextants" were targeted by TRUS-MRI fusion or systematic biopsies (negative=1037, Gleason score 3+3=183, Gleason score ≥ 3+4=111). CS-PCAs were diagnosed by TRUS or MRI alone in 20.5% and 19.7% of these locations, respectively. Men with positive imaging had higher odds of having a CS-PCA than men without visible lesions, regardless of modality (TRUS, OR=14.75, 95% CI=5.22-41.69; MRI, OR=12.27, 95% CI=6.39-23.58; both, OR=28.68, 95% CI=14.45-56.89, all P Conclusions Lesion visibility on MRI or TRUS denotes a similar probability of CS-PCA. This probability is greater when both exams are positive.
Kidney After Intestinal Transplantation Using Two Different Living Donors: A First Case Report.

Abstract We describe a unique case of a 53-year-old woman who underwent a nonrelated living donor kidney transplant 9 years after a previous small bowel transplant from her sister. The patient had suffered from short bowel syndrome secondary to volvulus after undergoing bariatric surgery for morbid obesity. Her entire small bowel had to be resected emergently, but she also developed acute kidney failure at the time. This initial kidney injury associated with long-term exposure to calcineurin-inhibitor medication eventually led to end-stage renal disease. A successful kidney transplant from a different, nonrelated adult donor was performed. Of note, the unrelated kidney donor matched exactly the 2 HLA-A and HLA-B antigens that the recipient had not matched with her sister. We discuss the unique HLA configuration between the patient and her 2 living donors, the absence of posttransplant rejection and posttransplant immunosuppressive therapy. To our knowledge this is the first published report of a successful kidney after a previous bowel transplant using (2 different) living donors.
Normative data on the speaking fundamental frequency characteristics of young adult males

Abstract: A normative investigation of the speaking fundamental frequency (SFF) and physical size characteristics was carried out on a population of 157 U.S. males. They were found to be somewhat larger than other similar groups. Their mean SFF level was: (1) somewhat lower than those reported for groups studied 25–30 years ago; (2) somewhat higher than those for contemporary groups; and (3) lower than that for a similar group of Polish students.
What are the results of laparoscopic re-operative rectal surgery?

Abstract Introduction Reoperative rectal surgery is challenging, performed selectively by experienced colorectal surgeons. The minimally invasive approach has not been well defined. This study reviewed the results of laparoscopy in this challenging setting. Methods Retrospective analysis of patients who underwent trans-abdominal re-operative rectal surgery from 2010 to 2019 was performed. Results Seventy-eight patients [35 females (45%); BMI 25kg/m2) were included. Reasons for reoperation were recurrent cancer in 18 (43%) patients and anastomotic failure in 57 (73%). Twenty-two (28%) had laparoscopic surgery and 4 had attempted laparoscopy converted to laparotomy. A higher success rate was noted for laparoscopy with prior laparoscopic surgery. Benefits of laparoscopy included significant reduction in length of stay (6.7 vs 9.7 days, p = 0.012) and abdominal superficial surgical site infection (0% vs 25%, p Conclusions Reoperative laparoscopic rectal surgery is safe and feasible in the context of a high-volume laparoscopic surgeon with substantial experience in redo proctectomies. It offers clear benefits including decreased surgical site infection rates and length of stay.
Exceptional colloidal stability of acidified whey protein beverages stabilized by soybean soluble polysaccharide

Protein-rich beverages have gained significant attention in recent years. It is a challenge to produce whey protein beverages with high stability, good transparency, and a smooth mouthfeel. The polysaccharide (PS)-protein complex might help the food industry overcome these obstacles. In this study, soybean soluble polysaccharide (SSPS) and high methoxylated pectin (HMP, a traditional PS) are used, at different ratios to the protein, to improve the colloidal stability of the acidified whey protein solution. Both heated and unheated complexes were studied. SSPS-whey protein complexes have shown exceptional stabilities in all ratios while HMP-whey protein complexes revealed coacervation after 72 hr of storage. The prepared complexes exhibited comparable sizes and ζ-potentials. The SSPS-whey protein complexes were less turbid than HMP-whey protein complexes at similar PS to protein ratios. Results also show that greater repulsive interactions occurred in SSPS-whey protein complexes when compared to HMP-whey protein complexes, as examined by free thiol content and intrinsic fluorescence intensity measurements. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: It is a challenge to produce whey protein isolate (WPI) beverages with high stability, good transparency, and smooth mouthfeel. The polysaccharide (PS)-protein complex might help the food industry overcome these obstacles. We have demonstrated that soybean soluble polysaccharide (SSPS), at [SSPS]:[acWPI] ratios of 1:2 to 1:30, can significantly improve the colloidal stability of the acidified whey protein beverages. This SSPS-whey protein system could be used as a stable beverage base for a variety of beverages.
Zalophus californianus (California sea lion)

Skin biopsies of the male come from the San Diego Zoo, and that of the female, from the Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois, USA. A male karyotype with identical findings was made available by Drs. R. L. Snyder and D. A. Hungerford as well. The female karyotype is prepared with G-banding and displays bands in the X essentially similar to most mammals.
The role of free amino acids present in yeast as precursors of the odorants 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and 2-acetyltetrahydropyridine in wheat bread crust

Recently we established bakers' yeast as a potent source of precursors for the roast-smelling odorants 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (ACPY) and 2-acetyltetrahydropyridine (ACTPY) in wheat bread crust. To reveal their role in the formation of both odorants, the concentrations of free amino acids occurring in baker's yeast were determined. The 11 amino acids present in concentrations above 60 mg/100 g dry yeast were separately reacted with 2-oxopropanal in model solutions and the amounts of ACPY and ACTPY formed, determined by a stable isotope dilution assay (SIDA). ACPY was formed from proline and ornithine, while ACPTY was exclusively liberated from proline. The remaining amino acids were ineffective. Further experiments revealed that the formation of ACPY from ornithine proceeds via 4-aminobutyraldehyde and 1-pyrroline as intermediates. The amount of free ornithine in yeast was more than three times the amount of free proline. Furthermore, additions of either proline or ornithine to wheat doughs enhanced the amounts of ACPY in the bread crust by a factor of two or four, respectively. The data led to the conclusion that ornithine is the most important precursor for the formation of ACPY during baking.
NKX3.1 immunoreactivity is not identified in mesenchymal chondrosarcoma: a 25-case cohort study

Aims Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MC) is characterised typically by a bimorphic microscopic appearance of islands of a well-differentiated cartilaginous component, admixed with a primitive small cell component, which commonly expresses CD99 and NKX2.2. Given the variable relative abundance of each component and histological overlap with other small round cell tumours, the diagnosis can be challenging, especially in a limited sample. A distinctive gene fusion between HEY1 (located in 8q21) and NCOA2 (located in 8q13) was identified in MC, but the downstream molecular events are unknown. NKX3.1 (coding gene located in 8p21.1) was recently reported to be expressed in a small number of MC cases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential diagnostic utility of NKX3.1 immunohistochemistry in MC. Methods and results We evaluated sections from 25 cases of MC, including 20 extraskeletal and five osseous. The tumour affected nine females and 16 males, with a median age of 34 years (age range = 7-82 years). Two different rabbit antibodies against NKX3.1 (monoclonal and polyclonal) were used for immunohistochemistry. However, no immunoreactivity was observed with either of the antibodies in all 25 (100%) MC. Conclusions NKX3.1 immunoreactivity was not identified in our cohort. Clonality of the antibody could not explain the negativity.
The Curious Case of Howard Law School’s Peer Ranking

The U.S. News & World Report provides law school rankings based on a peer score (hereinafter “peer rank”) and an overall score (hereinafter “overall rank”). A law school’s peer rank is generally closely associated with its overall rank. For example, in the 2021 rankings more than 60% of law schools have peer ranks that are within nine places of their overall ranks. A glaring outlier is Howard University School of Law, whose peer rank is forty-six places higher than its overall rank. Even more peculiar is that this peer–overall disparity has existed every year for the last ten years during which it has experienced a gradual upward trend. This Essay analyzes the significance of the peer rank and considers potential explanations for this divergence.
Mitral Annular Calcification and Calcific Mitral Stenosis: Role of Echocardiography in Hemodynamic Assessment and Management

As the life expectancy of the population continues to increase, mitral annular calcification has emerged as an important cause of mitral stenosis (MS), commonly referred to as calcific or degenerative MS. Mitral annular calcification results in valvular stenosis when calcification extends into the base of the mitral leaflet(s) and displaces the mitral valve hinge point(s) into the left ventricular inlet. Echocardiographic determination of mitral vale area is fraught with difficulties and often precludes using planimetry or the Hatle formula. Given the numerous confounders that affect transmitral flow in calcific MS, evaluation of lesion severity should incorporate flow-independent methods such as the continuity equation and the mitral valve dimensionless index. In light of the significant risks entailed, there is little enthusiasm for mitral valve replacement in patients with calcific MS. Transcatheter mitral valve replacement is generally offered on a compassionate use basis to patients deemed to be at high surgical risk.
Direct observation and assessment of phase states of ambient and lab-generated sub-micron particles upon humidification

We present a new analytical platform that uses a tilted stage (60°) integrated to the Peltier cooling stage interfaced with an Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) to directly observe and assess the phase state of particles as a function of RH at a controlled temperature. Three types of organic particles have been studied: (a) Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA) particles, (b) lab generated soil organic particles, and (c) field-collected ambient particles. The chemical composition, morphology, and functional groups of individual particles were probed using computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (CCSEM/EDX) and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy with near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (STXM/NEXAFS). Results show that all three types of particles are organic-rich, but soil organic particles and ambient particles contain a considerable amount of inorganic species. The phase state can be determined based on the particle's aspect ratio (particle width/height), which we proposed for solid, semisolid, and liquid particles are 1.00–1.30, 1.30–1.85, and >1.85, respectively. We found that solid SRFA particles transition to a semisolid state at ∼90% RH and to the liquid state at ∼97% RH, in agreement with the literature. The solid soil organic particles transition to a semisolid state at ∼85% RH and to the liquid state at ∼97% RH. The solid ambient organic particles transition to a semisolid state at ∼65% RH and the liquid state at ∼97% RH. Our results indicate that this new platform can directly observe and quantitatively indicate the phase transition of field-collected particles under different ambient conditions.
The New Public Management: Administrative Reform in Iran

New Public Management (NPM) has become one of the dominant paradigms for public management across the world. This paper proceeds by defining NPM and giving an insight on the context within which it emerged. The paper goes on to explore essential characteristics of NPM. Thereafter, it recommends administrative reforms that need to be adopted to strengthen public administration (PA) in Iran as a case study and the challenges in implementing them. It concludes with a summary of key issues and suggestions posed in the discussion.
What is the effect of monetary policy on market behavior

This paper discusses monetary policy’s effects on market behavior instead of the opposite relationship that Gertler and Lown (1999) examined. Sargent (1979) discusses that the rational expectations theory is related to What is the effect of monetary policy on market behavior? Michael Mayberger The Park Place Economist, Volume XXII 79 the term structure of interest rates. He states that long-term yields are a function of current and past short-term rates. In the rational expectations theory, economic choices are based on a rational outlook of all available information and past experiences. The theory suggests that current expectations in the economy are equivalent to what the future state of the economy will be. This contrasts the idea that monetary policy influences the decisions of people in the economy. This article is available in The Park Place Economist: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/parkplace/vol22/iss1/16
A Review of Post-Traumatic Neurosis

Post-traumatic neurosis became an important concept in legal medicine over a century ago when bodily injuries and severe emotional stress were experienced in connection with railroad accidents. The disorder has especially flourished since the advent of the automobile and whiplash injuries. While nowhere specifically defined in this volume, the title alludes to the emotional and perhaps to the neurological consequences of acute physical injury.
1623 RENAL ALPHA (α) AND BETA (β) ADRENERGIC RESPONSE IN FETAL AND ADULT SHEEP: DEMONSTRATION OF BETA-2 (β2) VASODILATION IN FETUSES

Effects of intrarenal boluses of epinephrine (E) (0.00625 to 0.2 ug/kg of B.W.) on renal blood flow (RBF) were studied in chronically catheterized fetal (F) lambs (125-137 days; term 145 days) and adult (A) sheep using a doppler flowmeter. Effects of E alone and during α, α1, and β2 adrenergic blockade were studied. Blood pressure was unchanged during E infusion. The E dose that reduced RBF (%ΔRBF) by 50% (ED50) was 0.0014 ug/kg/ml RBF in F and 0.0001 ug/kg/ml RBF in A; this response was blocked by the α1 antagonist prazosin. Following α blockade with phentolamine, E produced vasodilation (%Δ RBF-α) in F and A which was blocked by the β2 antagonist butoxamine. When E was given during α blockade at a dose equal to ED50 for vasoconstriction, E produced a 33% rise in RBF in F and 10% in A (p<0.05). Present results demonstrate that: 1) the E dose required for vasoconstriction, which is α1 mediated, is 10 times greater in F than A, 2) the lower α receptor response in F may be secondary to the greater β2 receptor activity than in A.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia induces caspase-1 activation in human bone marrow monocyte/macrophages and is associated with impaired CD8 function. (HUM7P.315)

B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignancy of bone marrow-derived precursor-B cells and represents the leading cause of pediatric cancer death. Suppressive signals induced in the marrow of ALL patients may explain both the failure of host CD8 surveillance and inconsistent responses to adoptive CD8 therapy. We hypothesize that ALL induces a caspase-1 driven inflammasome in bone marrow monocyte/macrophages (BM-MM) that modulates CD8 function and contributes to relapse. To determine whether BM-MM could produce soluble factors that suppress CD8 function in the setting of ALL, we treated CFSE-labeled CD8 from healthy donor PBMC with supernatants from cocultures of primary human ALL and either CD14+ BM-MM or stromal fibroblast controls. CD8 exposed to supernatants from ALL cultured alone or with stromal fibroblasts maintained 100% proliferation, while those exposed to BM-MM cocultures failed to proliferate, regardless of whether ALL was cultured directly or in transwell with BM-MM. Cleaved caspase-1 was detected, both by qPCR (2.2-fold expression over endogenous control) and Western blot from BM-MM cultured with ALL, but not stromal fibroblasts Similar levels of soluble IL1B were detected from stromal fibroblast and BM-MM cocultures. Current studies are determining whether the reduced proliferative capacity observed in CD8 corresponds to impaired antileukemia killing and identifying specific signals downstream of caspase-1 that may be targeted to reverse this phenomenon.
Social Studies as New Literacies in a Global Society: Relational Cosmopolitanism in the Classroom. By Mark Baildon and James S. Damico

Mark Baildon and James S. Damico, in this new book, suggest that education has been, or at least ought to be, fundamentally altered in this new globalised era. The book is not, thankfully, yet anot...
Recruitment lessons learned from a tailored web-based health intervention Project Y.E.A.H. (Young Adults Eating and Active for Health)

Purpose – Recruiting college students for research studies can be challenging. The purpose of this paper is to describe the lessons learned in the various recruitment strategies used for enrolling college students in a theory-based, tailored, and web-delivered health intervention at 13 US universities. Design/methodology/approach – The community-based participatory research (CBPR) model was used to develop a staged-tailored, web-based, randomized control trial, focussing on eating behavior, physical activity, and stress management. Participant feedback during baseline assessments was used to evaluate recruitment strategies. Findings – Findings from this feedback suggest that traditional recruitment strategies, such as newspaper ads and flyers, may not be the best approach for recruiting college students; instead, web-based efforts proved to be a better recruitment strategy. Research limitations/implications – This project included results from 13 US universities and thus may not be generalizable: more res...