cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and management of acute hypoxemia after drainage of massive pericardial effusion

A 35-year-old, 99-kg female, with a history of hypertension, hypothyroidism, and asthma, complained of fatigue, weight loss, dyspnea, and pedal edema. Her medications included oral thyroxine, omeprazole, iron sulfate, and inhaled beclomethasone. Physical examination revealed clear lung fields, distant heart sounds, and pitting edema in both legs. The chest radiograph showed cardiomegaly and clear lung fields; the electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia and low QRS voltage. A transthoracic echocardiogram (Fig 1) showed a large pericardial effusion with diastolic collapse of the right ventricle and both atria. Thyroid function tests performed shortly after admission were normal. On arrival to the operating room for pericardial drainage, the patient's blood pressure was 116/94 mmHg, her pulse rate was 107 beats/min, and her oxygen saturation by finger pulse oximeter (on 2 L/rain nasal oxygen) was 100%. After the operative field was prepared, intravenous ketamine and succinylcholine were administered, and a cuffed endotracheal tube inserted in the trachea. A subxyphoid incision was made, and 1.8 L of hemorrhagic pericardial fluid drained. Hemoglobin saturation remained 100% for 10 minutes before drainage of the pericardial effusion, whereupon saturation declined acutely to 85%. Normal breath sounds were heard over each lung field. An arterial blood gas revealed a PaO2 of 57 mmHg, PaCO2 of 53, and pH of 7.35, despite an FIO2 of 1.0, tidal volume of 800 mL, and ventilation rate of 8 breaths/min. Bronchoscopy revealed normal airways and the endotracheal tube tip in proper position. A pulmonary artery catheter was placed, revealing a central venous pressure of 10 mmHg, pulmonary artery pressure of 30/16 mmHg, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 13 mmHg, and a cardiac output (CO) of 7.0 L/rain (by thermodilution). A complete TEE examination was performed, revealing a 1.5-cm ostium secundum ASD (measured in the horizontal plane, four-chamber view) with a large right-to-left atrial shunt (by color-flow Doppler), mild global hypokinesis of the left ventricle, severe hypokinesis of the right ventricle, and moderate tricuspid regurgitation (by color-flow Doppler). The patient remained hypoxemic (arterial saturation 63% on FIO 2 of 1.0), despite infusions of norepinephrine (0.07 pg/kg/min) and dopamine (15 ~g/kg/min) to raise systemic vascular resistance and improve right ventricular function, and inhaled nitric oxide (60 ppm) to lower pulmonary vascular resistance. She was
Technological Expertise with Liberal Education: The Dartmouth College A.B. in Engineering Sciences

The Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College was founded in 1867 with the goal of producing engineers educated in the liberal arts as well as thoroughly trained in technical subjects. Since the mid-1960s, the founding vision has been implemented as a Bachelor of Arts (A.B.) program in engineering sciences, followed by a fifth year leading to the Bachelor of Engineering (B.E.) degree. About half of the courses taken for the A.B. are humanities, social sciences, or free electives. The major proper features an interdisciplinary approach to engineering sciences and numerous team design experiences. Students can modify the major with another science, economics, or studio art. Most graduates complete the ABET-accredited B.E. program, but a considerable number go from the A.B. to graduate studies in business, medicine, or law as well as engineering. This paper describes the philosophy, implementation, and outcomes of Dartmouth's A.B. program in engineering sciences.
Process Compliance and Enterprise System Implementation

Enterprise systems promise to integrate the processes of an entire enterprise. To attain this promise, users must do more than accept the technology; they must adhere to the process scripts prescribed by the enterprise system. In this paper we introduce and motivate "process compliance" as an important issue associated with enterprise system implementation. Through both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the process compliance of one firm's sales force, we identify and measure four key drivers of process compliance: ease-of use, perceived value, urgency, and gatekeeper flexibility. We find that traditional technology acceptance factors are important determinants of process compliance, and connect with process-specific factors to improve individuals' willingness to work within the bounds of prescribed processes
New Class of Microporous Materials: Porous Metal Phosphonate Thin Films

Solid state metal phosphonates (M(O 3 P-R-PO 3 ) or M(O 3 P-R) 2 (M = metal)) have layered structures where the metal atoms lie in planar sheets and the intervening R groups take up the interlamellar space. Microporous metal phosphonates can be prepared by reaction of the metal with a mixture of large and small phosphonates (M(O 3 P-LARGE) x (O 3 P-SMALL) 2-x . The larger group acts as a pillar that holds the layers apart. Void spaces result from the presence of the smaller groups. The porous nature of these solids make them potential candidates for applications as sensors, size- and shape- selective catalysts, and chromatographic materials. Metal diphosphonates (M(O 3 P-R-PO 3 ) can also be prepared one layer at a time on a surface, resulting in the construction of interesting superstructures that are not accessible through the solid state synthesis. For example, these superstructures can contain different components in sequential layers and may have applications in energy conversion, vectorial electron transport, and NLO devices. The preparation of microporous thin films would combine the desirable potential applications of the porous solids with the interesting parallel superstructures that can be prepared from the thin film assemblies. We report our progress toward the construction of microporous metal phosphonate thin films. The two methods that are currently being developed include: 1) phosphonate exchange of pre-assembled films, and 2) co-deposition of different large and small phosphonates during film assembly.
ASSESSING CORAL STRESS RESPONSES USING MOLECULAR BIOMARKERS OF GENE TRANSCRIPTION

We present a method for detecting rapid changes in coral gene expression at the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) level. The staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis was exposed to 1 and 10 microg/L permethrin and 25 and 50 microg/L copper for 4 h. Using differential display polymerase chain reaction (PCR), mRNA associated with each toxicant exposure were reverse transcribed into complementary DNA (cDNA) fragments that were subsequently amplified and isolated. Six differentially expressed cDNA fragments were further developed into molecular probes that were used in Northern dot blots to determine the change in transcription levels of target transcripts. Changes in mRNA abundance were quantified by densitometry of chemiluminescence of digoxigenin-labeled probes hybridizing to target mRNA transcripts. The six gene probes showed varying degrees of sensitivity to the toxicants as well as specificity between toxicants. These probes were hybridized in Southern blots to genomic DNA from A. formosa sperm, which lacks zooxanthellae, to demonstrate that the genes coding for the mRNA transcripts produced are found within the coral genome. The gene probes developed in this study provide coral biologists with a new tool for coral assessment. Gene probes are sensitive, toxicant-specific biomarkers of coral stress responses with which gene sequence information can be obtained, providing a mechanism for identifying the stressor altering the gene expression.
Effects of FDA Advisories on the Pharmacologic Treatment of ADHD, 2004–2008

ObjectiveThis study assessed the effect of public health advisories issued between 2005 and 2007 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on treatments of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and physician prescribing practices.MethodsData obtained from the IMS Health National Disease and Therapeutic Index, a nationally representative audit of ambulatory physicians, were used to examine trends in office visits by children and adolescents (under age 18) during which ADHD was treated with Adderall, other psychostimulants, or atomoxetine. Segmented time series regressions were conducted to determine changes in use associated with three advisories issued between 2005 and 2007.ResultsIn 2004, before the first FDA advisory, Adderall accounted for 36% of ADHD pharmacotherapy treatment visits. Other stimulants accounted for 46%, and atomoxetine accounted for 19%. Overall pharmacotherapy treatment rates were stable over the study period, but by 2008 the treatment visits accounted for by Adderall (...
Dynamic, short-term coupling between changes in arterial pressure and urine flow.

Pressure diuresis refers to the direct effect of arterial pressure (AP) on the rate of urine flow (UF). On the basis of computer modeling, pressure diuresis has been viewed as a long-term mechanism...
Friction binding study and remedy design for tethered search and rescue robots

Mobile robots in search and rescue (SAR) are often tethered for power communications and recovery. This tether can often cause problems getting snagged in the environment. This study characterize tether snagging and proposes a novel tether managing robot (TMR) as a means of preventing snags and potentially delivering payloads. Data on tether interaction with obstacles inspired design features for the TMR which will allow an SAR robot attached to a tether to travel more easily. The proposed TMR can easily integrate to any tethered SAR robot.
Probing Buffer-Gas Cooled Molecules with Direct Frequency Comb Spectroscopy in the Mid-Infrared

We demonstrate cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy on buffer-gas cooled molecules. By coupling a mid-infrared frequency comb to a high-finesse cavity surrounding a 4 K buffer-gas chamber, we obtain rotationally resolved absorption spectra of multiple vibrational bands of nitromethane.
Othello, un délire de jalousie ?

Objectifs : l’objectif est de cerner le type de jalousie pathologique presente par Othello, le heros shakespearien. Othello est une tragedie reputee en effet pour etre un drame de la jalousie. Nombre d’auteurs, critiques litteraires bien sur, mais aussi alienistes, psychiatres et psychanalystes, se sont interesses a la figure d’Othello. Jalousie normale, jalousie paranoiaque, delire de jalousie, delire d’interpretation ? La tragedie de Shakespeare est pour nous l’occasion de revenir du point de vue historique sur la jalousie normale et pathologique, et plus specialement sur le delire de jalousie. Methode : Revue de la litterature dans le champ de la psychiatrie et de la psychanalyse, consacree aux divers diagnostics cliniques envisages pour Othello. Historique de la 'jalousie delirante' au cours des xixe et xxe siecles. Apports psychanalytiques et psychiatriques sur la jalousie morbide, notamment les travaux de D. Lagache et de H. Ey. Resultats : La folie d’Othello semble correspondre trait pour trait a une forme speciale de delire d’interpretation selon Serieux et Capgras. Discussion Les discussions portent sur les differents types de jalousie (morbide, pathologique, delirante, normale, projetee) ainsi que sur la question de l’ 'interpretation' delirante. Conclusion : Le genie de Shakespeare a pu, dans de nombreuses tragedies, mettre en relief un certain nombre de pathologies (folie d’Hamlet, delire du roi Lear ou de Macbeth, misanthropie delirante de Timon d’Athenes, etc.). Ici, Othello donne toute sa valeur a la conception du delire d’interpretation selon Serieux et Capgras. [resume d'auteur]
Abortion policy in the post-Webster age.

It is the opinion of the author that abortion policy will not be changed to any great degree as a result of the Supreme Courts decision in Webster vs Reproductive Health Services. The early reports of the effects of Webster were exaggerated. Further cases to be heard during the October 1989 term are not likely to bring significant changes in abortion jurisprudence. Based on the types of legislation passed after Roe vs. Wade it is clear that most states do not want to pass laws that restrict abortion to any great degree. This fact is further confirmed by the legislative action at the state level after Webster. For example the Florida Supreme Court invalidated parental consent legislation and thus demonstrated the importance of states rights in determining abortion policy. In the post-Webster era it will become increasingly important for states to be the final makers of abortion policy. The reason that state legislatures have been reluctant to pass severe restrictions on abortion can be traced to the political war that is being waged by both sides. The authors final conclusion is that because of the powerful political forces at work on this issue states are not likely to restrict abortion to any great degree any time in the near future.
‘TWO–FOLD AND MULTIPLE NATURES’. MODERNISM AND DANDYISM IN R.L. STEVENSON’S NEW ARABIAN NIGHTS

(1996). ‘TWO–FOLD AND MULTIPLE NATURES’. MODERNISM AND DANDYISM IN R.L. STEVENSON’S NEW ARABIAN NIGHTS. Journal of the Australasian Universities Language and Literature Association: Vol. 86, No. 1, pp. 17-31.
Phorbol ester induced MDR1 expression in K562 cells occurs independently of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways.

The MDR1 gene encoding the multidrug pump P-glycoprotein is transcriptionally activated in response to diverse extracellular stimuli, including the tumor promoting phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). However, the signal transduction pathway responsible is unknown. Downstream of protein kinase C (PKC), the effects of TPA are often mediated by the Raf-1/MEK/ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, and Raf-1 has been implicated in MDR1 induction by serum and mitogens. Therefore, we examined the potential role of MAPK activation in TPA-mediated MDR1 induction in human leukemia K562 cells. MDR1 mRNA expression was significantly increased by TPA in the concentration range of 4 – 100 nM, with a maximal response 5 – 10 h after TPA addition. TPA-mediated MDR1 induction was inhibited by several PKC inhibitors including staurosporine, H7 and calphostin C. TPA stimulated the subcellular translocation of PKCα from the cytosol to the membrane and nucleus but did not affect other PKC isozymes. TPA also activated the Raf1/MEK/ERK cascade and activated another MAPK member, p38, but not JNK. In order to determine the potential role of MAPKs in MDR1 induction by TPA, specific inhibitors were utilized. The MEK inhibitor PD 098059, as well as the PKC inhibitors, completely blocked TPA-mediated ERK activation. However, under identical conditions, MDR1 induction by TPA was completely unaffected by PD 098059. Furthermore, SB 202190, which effectively inhibited TPA-mediated p38 activation, failed to inhibit TPA-induced MDR1 mRNA expression. These data demonstrate that MDR1 induction by TPA occurs via a PKC-dependent mechanism that operates independently of ERK, p38 or JNK pathways, and thus have important implications for understanding the mechanisms of MDR1 induction by extracellular stimuli.
Talmudic Humor and the Establishment of Legal Principles: Strange Questions, Impossible Scenarios, and Legalistic Brainteasers

Humorous cases, improbable scenarios, and brainteasers are excellent pedagogic tools for those studying law and even for other disciplines. They make the lectures more interesting and help clarify matters and make it possible to determine what should be done in more routine cases. Talmudic scenarios and questions are as interesting today as they were almost 2,000 years ago and have ensured that the Talmud will continue to be used as a source to help solve new questions that arise as society becomes more and more complicated.
Estimating the market value of collegiate football players from professional factor shares

ABSTRACTAlthough the level and growth of revenue in college football has drawn increasing public attention, reliable estimates of the value of college and associated rents remain elusive. Many players do not have easily observable performance statistics and there are significant complementarities. Using a simple estimation strategy based on professional factor shares and rooted in economic theory, we generate estimates of market value for college players across seven National Collegiate Athletic Association conferences using professional football and basketball salaries from 2011 to 2013 as shadow prices. With this method, market value of an average starting football player in a Bowl Championship Series (BCS) conference ranges from $120,000 to $1.7 million per year. The value of superstar players may exceed $4 million per year. We find that rents can flow from the institutions to players in some cases at relatively low-revenue institutions outside the BCS.
Preload-induced alterations in capacitance-free diastolic pressure-flow relationship

We have studied the influence of left ventricular diastolic pressure (LVDP) on diastolic coronary pressure-flow relationships independently of effects of capacitive flow in an open-chest heart-blocked canine preparation in which the left circumflex (LC) bed was vasodilated with adenosine and perfused with a programmable servo valve pressure source. At the onset of long diastoles produced by cessation of ventricular pacing, LVDP was adjusted to, and maintained at, a preselected level using a blood-filled reservoir. Right atrial pressure was kept constant at approximately 8 mmHg. LC pressure (PLC) was then made to decline and rise sequentially at a constant rate (2-40 mmHg/s), with LC inflow reaching zero at the nadir of the declining pressure ramp. The capacitance-free diastolic pressure-flow relationship was considered to lie midway between the instantaneous relationships derived from each down and up ramp pair. All capacitance-free relationships were curvilinear, and the degree of curvilinearity was accentuated with increasing preload. Pressure-axis intercepts (Pf = 0) increased from 14 +/- 1.1 (SE) to 23 +/- 1.4 mmHg as preload was raised from 6-10 to 31-35 mmHg. Coronary conductance, taken as the slope of the pressure-flow relationship at any given PLC, fell progressively as preload rose, with the fall being more marked at higher levels of preload and lower values of PLC. Diastolic coronary flow also decreased as a function of preload, reflecting the increases in Pf = 0 and decreases in conductance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Inactivation of adrenocorticotropin, α- and β-melanocyte-stimulating hormones, vasopressin, and pituitary fraction H by adipose tissue

Rat adipose tissue homogenate contains a peptidase or group of peptidases which abolish the adipokinetic activity of ACTH, α-MSH, Β-MSH, vasopressin, and pituitary fraction H. The peptidase system is attached to an insoluble component in the homogenate. Homogenized rabbit adipose tissue inactivates only α-MSH, and homogenized guinea pig adipose tissue does not reduce the adipokinetic activity of any of the above hypophyseal peptides. Operation of the peptidase system in surviving slices of rat adipose tissue is suggested by these characteristics of this tissue: (a) rapid disappearance of adipokinetic activity from peptide-containing incubation medium; (b) absence of response to Β-MSH, vasopressin, or fraction H; (c) cessation of response to ACTH within 1 hr after exposure to the peptide is terminated. In contrast, slices of adipose tissue from the rabbit or guinea pig do not cause the disappearance of a detectable amount of activity from the medium; these slices are responsive to Β-MSH, vasopressin, and fraction H; their response to ACTH continues for at least 2 hr after exposure to the hormone is terminated. Differences between species in responsiveness of their adipose tissue to hypophyseal peptides appear to be related to differences in peptidase content of the fat cell.
The bottom (central) line in pediatric DVT

In this issue of Blood , [Avila et al][1] provide valuable information on outcomes and important predictive factors relevant to lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (LE-DVT) in children.[1][2] ![Figure][3] Outcomes reported for 339 children with LE-DVT (283 with line-related, 56 with non–
Abstract 1012: Discovery and synthesis of novel autophagy inhibitors with anti-proliferative activity in lung and pancreatic cancer cells

Autophagy is an emerging therapeutic target in cancer chemotherapy. It is a regulated catabolic process that degrades damaged cellular proteins and organelles, and helps to maintain cellular homeostasis and biosynthesis during nutrient starvation, metabolic stress, oncogenic transformation, and in response to chemotherapeutic drugs. Recent studies using mouse genetic models of lung and pancreatic cancer reported dramatic tumor regressions when autophagy was ablated, either genetically or pharmacologically, in either the tumors or systemically in the mouse. These studies provide pre-clinical proof of principle that strategies to inhibit autophagy can be therapeutically efficacious in solid tumors. The autophagy inhibitors chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have single agent antiproliferative activity against human cancer cell lines, however low potency may limit their antitumor efficacy clinically. As part of our ongoing chemistry program to discover novel autophagy inhibitors, we synthesized a series of chloroquine analogs which retained the 4-aminoquinoline subunit and incorporated different substituted triazoles into the target structure. These compounds were tested for growth inhibition against H460, HCC827, H520 and H1703 human lung cancer cell lines, and BxPC3 pancreatic cancer cells. The most potent compound, EAD1, had IC50s ranging from 5.8 μM to 11 μM in the cells, and was 8-fold more potent than CQ and HCQ. EAD1 inhibited autophagy, as judged by the cellular accumulation of the autophagy-related autophagosome proteins LC3-II and p62, and induced apoptosis. The increases in LC3-II levels by the analogs were inversely correlated with their growth inhibitory IC50s, suggesting that autophagy blockade is closely linked to inhibition of cell proliferation. In contrast to HCQ, the cytotoxic actions of EAD1 were not reversible after a 24 hour treatment. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of EAD1 appears to partially differ from that of HCQ, including possible interactions with mTOR/TORC1-mediated pathways. EAD1 is a viable lead compound for evaluation of the anti-tumor activity of autophagy inhibitors in vivo. Citation Format: Juan Sironi, Lars Ulrik Nordstroem, Evelyn Aranda, Marina Shcherba, Roman Perez-Soler, Peng Wu, Edward L. Schwartz. Discovery and synthesis of novel autophagy inhibitors with anti-proliferative activity in lung and pancreatic cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1012. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1012
The Marketing-Natural Environment Interface in the Classroom: Model for Discussion

As the natural environment becomes evermore important in terms of its underpinning relationship to human well-being it becomes evermore appropriate to bring issues related to this interface to the classroom. The purpose of this paper is to share with the reader the development of three models concerned with the marketing-natural environment interface, exploring its multidisciplinary, holistic and circular attributes.Input for the models comes from a wide variety of disciplines (see references) and from discussions with persons know ledge able of the marketing (human)-natural environment interface.The marketing-natural environment interface is an important matter for discussion. Marketing students should be exposed to a relevant and intelligent discussion of the issues.
Volcanic tremor and plume height hysteresis from Pavlof Volcano, Alaska

The March 2016 eruption of Pavlof Volcano, Alaska, produced an ash plume that caused the cancellation of more than 100 flights in North America. The eruption generated strong tremor that was recorded by seismic and remote low-frequency acoustic (infrasound) stations, including the EarthScope Transportable Array. The relationship between the tremor amplitudes and plume height changes considerably between the waxing and waning portions of the eruption. Similar hysteresis has been observed between seismic river noise and discharge during storms, suggesting that flow and erosional processes in both rivers and volcanoes can produce irreversible structural changes that are detectable in geophysical data. We propose that the time-varying relationship at Pavlof arose from changes in the tremor source related to volcanic vent erosion. This relationship may improve estimates of volcanic emissions and characterization of eruption size and intensity.
Comparison and validation of two computational models of Chagas disease: A thirty year perspective from Venezuela.

BACKGROUND Mathematical models can help aid public health responses to Chagas disease. Models are typically developed to fulfill a particular need, and comparing outputs from different models addressing the same question can help identify the strengths and weaknesses of the models in answering particular questions, such as those for achieving the 2020 goals for Chagas disease. METHODS Using two separately developed models (PHICOR/CIDMA model and Princeton model), we simulated dynamics for domestic transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). We compared how well the models targeted the last 9 years and last 19 years of the 1968-1998 historical seroprevalence data from Venezuela. RESULTS Both models were able to generate the T. cruzi seroprevalence for the next time period within reason to the historical data. The PHICOR/CIDMA model estimates of the total population seroprevalence more closely followed the trends seen in the historic data, while the Princeton model estimates of the age-specific seroprevalence more closely followed historic trends when simulating over 9 years. Additionally, results from both models overestimated T. cruzi seroprevalence among younger age groups, while underestimating the seroprevalence of T. cruzi in older age groups. CONCLUSION The PHICOR/CIDMA and Princeton models differ in level of detail and included features, yet both were able to generate the historical changes in T. cruzi seroprevalence in Venezuela over 9 and 19-year time periods. Our model comparison has demonstrated that different model structures can be useful in evaluating disease transmission dynamics and intervention strategies.
DIRECT COMPARISON OF AORTIC VALVE AREA BY 3-D TEE PLANIMETRY AND 4-D DYNAMIC CARDIAC CT PLANIMETRY

Background: With high resolution live 3-D TEE and 4-D dynamic cardiac CT, anatomic aortic valve area can be directly traced without geometric assumptions and flow calculations. We hypothesize that direct planimetry of AVA either by 3-D TEE or cardiac CT provides a reliable measurement of anatomic
Initial experimental demonstration of the principles of a xenon gas shield designed to protect optical components from soft x-ray induced opacity (blanking) in high energy density experiments

The design principles of a xenon gas shield device that is intended to protect optical components from x-ray induced opacity (“x-ray blanking”) have been experimentally demonstrated at the OMEGA-60 Laser Facility at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester. A volume of xenon gas placed in front of an optical component absorbs the incoming soft x-ray radiation but transmits optical and ultra-violet radiation. The time-resolved optical (532 nm) transmission of samples was recorded as they were exposed to soft x-rays produced by a gold sphere source (1.5 kJ sr−1, 250–300 eV). Blanking of fused silica (SiO2) was measured to occur over a range of time-integrated soft x-ray (<3 keV) fluence from ∼0.2–2.5 J cm−2. A shield test device consisting of a 30 nm silicon nitride (Si3N4) and a 10 cm long volume of 0.04 bar xenon gas succeeded in delaying loss of transmission through a magnesium fluoride sample; optical transmission was observed over a longer period than for the unprotected sample. It ...
Generating explanations via analogical comparison

Generating explanations can be highly effective in promoting learning in both adults and children. Our interest is in the mechanisms that underlie this effect and in whether and how they operate in early learning. In adult reasoning, explanation may call on many subprocesses-including comparison, counterfactual reasoning, and reasoning by exclusion; but it is unlikely that all these processes are available to young children. We propose that one process that may serve both children and adults is comparison. In this study, we asked whether children would use the results of a comparison experience when asked to explain why a model skyscraper was stable. We focused on a challenging principle-that diagonal cross-bracing lends stability to physical structures (Gentner et al., Cognitive Science, 40, 224-240, 2016). Six-year-olds either received no training or interacted with model skyscrapers in one of three different conditions, designed to vary in their potential to invite and support comparison. In the Single Model condition, children interacted with a single braced model. In the comparison conditions (Low Alignability and High Alignability), children compared braced and unbraced models. Following experience with the models, children were asked to explain why the braced model was stable. They then received two transfer tasks. We found that children who received highly alignable pairs were most likely to (a) produce brace-based explanations and (b) transfer the brace principle to a dissimilar context. This provides evidence that children can benefit from analogical comparison in generating explanations and also suggests limitations on this ability.
Lifestyle interventions based on the diabetes prevention program delivered via eHealth: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The objective was to describe Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP)-based lifestyle interventions delivered via electronic, mobile, and certain types of telehealth (eHealth) and estimate the magnitude of the effect on weight loss. A systematic review was conducted. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for studies published between January 2003 and February 2016 that met inclusion and exclusion criteria. An overall estimate of the effect on mean percentage weight loss across all the interventions was initially conducted. A stratified meta-analysis was also conducted to determine estimates of the effect across the interventions classified according to whether behavioral support by counselors post-baseline was not provided, provided remotely with communication technology, or face-to-face. Twenty-two studies met the inclusion/exclusion criteria, in which 26 interventions were evaluated. Samples were primarily white and college educated. Interventions included Web-based applications, mobile phone applications, text messages, DVDs, interactive voice response telephone calls, telehealth video conferencing, and video on-demand programing. Nine interventions were stand-alone, delivered post-baseline exclusively via eHealth. Seventeen interventions included additional behavioral support provided by counselors post-baseline remotely with communication technology or face-to-face. The estimated overall effect on mean percentage weight loss from baseline to up to 15months of follow-up across all the interventions was -3.98%. The subtotal estimate across the stand-alone eHealth interventions (-3.34%) was less than the estimate across interventions with behavioral support given by a counselor remotely (-4.31%), and the estimate across interventions with behavioral support given by a counselor in-person (-4.65%). There is promising evidence of the efficacy of DPP-based eHealth interventions on weight loss. Further studies are needed particularly in racially and ethnically diverse populations with limited levels of educational attainment. Future research should also focus on ways to optimize behavioral support.
Categorization in multi-criteria decision making

Abstract We discuss the use of monotonic measures for the representation of criteria importance information in multi-criteria decision-making. We show that the Choquet integral provides an appropriate method for the aggregation of the individual criteria satisfactions in the case where the relationship between criteria importance's is expressed using a measure. We describe the use of categories and the related idea of a categorization in formulating the structural relationship between multiple criteria. We show how we can model this categorization using a measure on the space of criteria, which in turn allows us to use the Choquet integral to evaluate an alternative's satisfaction to this type of multi-criteria decision problem. We look at a special categorization of the criteria that is closely to a prioritization of the criteria.
Molecular and macro-scale analysis of enzyme-crosslinked silk hydrogels for rational biomaterial design.

Abstract Silk fibroin-based hydrogels have exciting applications in tissue engineering and therapeutic molecule delivery; however, their utility is dependent on their diffusive properties. The present study describes a molecular and macro-scale investigation of enzymatically-crosslinked silk fibroin hydrogels, and demonstrates that these systems have tunable crosslink density and diffusivity. We developed a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) method to assess the quantity and order of covalent tyrosine crosslinks in the hydrogels. This analysis revealed between 28 and 56% conversion of tyrosine to dityrosine, which was dependent on the silk concentration and reactant concentration. The crosslink density was then correlated with storage modulus, revealing that both crosslinking and protein concentration influenced the mechanical properties of the hydrogels. The diffusive properties of the bulk material were studied by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), which revealed a non-linear relationship between silk concentration and diffusivity. As a result of this work, a model for synthesizing hydrogels with known crosslink densities and diffusive properties has been established, enabling the rational design of silk hydrogels for biomedical applications. Statement of Significance Hydrogels from naturally-derived silk polymers offer versitile opportunities in the biomedical field, however, their design has largely been an empirical process. We present a fundamental study of the crosslink density, storage modulus, and diffusion behavior of enzymatically-crosslinked silk hydrogels to better inform scaffold design. These studies revealed unexpected non-linear trends in the crosslink density and diffusivity of silk hydrogels with respect to protein concentration and crosslink reagent concentration. This work demonstrates the tunable diffusivity and crosslinking in silk fibroin hydrogels, and enables the rational design of biomaterials. Further, the characterization methods presented have applications for other materials with dityrosine crosslinks, which are found in nature as post-translational modificaitons, as well as in engineered matrices such as tyramine-substituted hyaluronic acid and recombinant resilin.
Risk factors and a prognostic model for postsplenectomy survival in myelofibrosis

Palliative treatment in myelofibrosis (MF) includes transfusion support, JAK2 inhibitors, involved field radiotherapy and splenectomy. To assist in selecting patients who are likely to benefit from splenectomy, we looked into risk factors for postsplenectomy survival, in 120 consecutive cases (median age 66 years); at the time of splenectomy, 61% displayed red cell transfusion need, 49% platelet count 25 × 10(9)/L, 60% constitutional symptoms and 13% circulating blasts ≥5%; dynamic international prognostic scoring system risk categories were 21% high, 55% intermediate-2, 21% intermediate-1 and 3% low. Among informative cases, karyotype was abnormal in 60% and driver mutational status was JAK2 75%, CALR 15%, MPL 4% and triple-negative 6%. At median follow-up of 1.3 years, from time of splenectomy, 95 (79%) deaths and 30 (25%) leukemic transformations were recorded. Median postsplenectomy survival was 1.5 years; in multivariable analysis, survival was adversely affected by age >65 years, transfusion need, leukocyte count >25 × 10(9)/L and circulating blasts ≥5%; these variables were subsequently used to devise an HR-weighted scoring system with high (3-4 risk factors), intermediate (2 risk factors) and low (0-1 risk factors) risk categories; the corresponding postsplenectomy median survivals were 0.3 (HR 5.9, 95% CI 3.2-11.0), 1.3 (HR 2.9, 95% CI 1.8-4.6) and 2.9 years. Postsplenectomy survival was not affected by driver mutational status or occurrence of leukemic transformation. Leukemia-free survival was predicted by very high risk karyotype. The observations from the current study might help identify appropriate candidates for splenectomy in MF.
If It Is to Be, It Is Left Up to We: The People, by People, and for the People

This chapter makes a case for the fifth boardroom boldness model. While synthesizing the best components of the other boardroom languages, the reader’s attention is placed on two biblical narratives. An exegesis of such passages unearths a model for followers around the twenty-first-century boardroom to step it up. Additionally, a case is made for influencers to embrace reflective leadership. Ironically, this style of leading is perhaps the very thing that caused God to call David a man after God’s heart (I Sam 13:14) before king-think. Historical cases and current campaigns are employed to help the reader understand the organizational imperatives for transformation.
Energy spectrum of neutron-rich helium isotopes: Complex made simple

We demonstrate that the intricate energy spectrum of neutron-rich helium isotopes can be straightforwardly described by taking advantage of the low-energy properties of neutron-neutron interaction and the scale separation that is present in diluted drip-line systems. By using arguments based on the halo effective field theory, we carry out a parameter reduction of the complex-energy configuration interaction framework in the $spd$ space, including resonant and scattering states. By constraining the core potential to $\ensuremath{\alpha}\text{\ensuremath{-}}n$ scattering phase shifts and adjusting the strength of the spin-singlet central neutron-neutron interaction, we reproduce experimental energies and widths of ${}^{5--8}\mathrm{He}$ within tens of keV precision. We predict a parity inversion of narrow resonances in $^{9}\mathrm{He}$ and show that the ground state of $^{10}\mathrm{He}$ is an $s$-wave-dominated configuration that could decay through two-neutron emission. This threshold state can be viewed as a ``double-halo'' structure in an analogy to the atomic $^{3}\mathrm{He}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{}^{4}{\mathrm{He}}_{2}$ trimer.
Thrombocytopenic effect of ethanol infusion.

Transient thrombocytopenia was induced by ethanol infusion in an alcoholic patient with transient thrombocytopenia. A fall in activity of Cr51 labeled platelets paralleled the fall in platelet count, but no hepatic or splenic sequestration could be demonstrated. It is postulated that ethanol produced a metabolic alteration in the platelets which led to aggregation and temporary sequestration at an unknown site.
Unsupervised learning from users' error correction in speech dictation.

We propose an approach to adapting automatic speech recognition systems used in dictation systems through unsupervised learning from users’ error correction. Three steps are involved in the adaptation: 1) infer whether the user is correcting a speech recognition error or simply editing the text, 2) infer what the most possible cause of the error is, and 3) adapt the system accordingly. To adapt the system effectively, we introduce an enhanced two-pass pronunciation learning algorithm that utilizes the output from both an ngram phoneme recognizer and a Letter-to-Sound component. Our experiments show that we can obtain greater than 10% relative word error rate reduction using the approaches we proposed. Learning new words gives the largest performance gain while adapting pronunciations and using a cache language model also produce a small gain.
Data Mining meets Decision Making: a Case Study Perspective

Data Mining (DM) technologies have been employed within the specialized domains of customer relationship and risk management for over a decade. However, it has been only recently that DM techniques have begun to enter the main stream of optimization activities often spurred on by recent external influences such as the challenging economic climate. While increased use of DM offers many benefits to organizations, communicating the value of DM requires an approach beyond over simplistic Return on Investment (ROI) calculations. The study described in this paper aimed to determine if Value Analysis (VA) as outlined by Keen(Keen 1981) may serve as an appropriate approach to evaluating DM and gaining executive alignment. A case study methodology will be employed to illustrate how a fresh perspective of this theory may address the challenges in communicating DM value.
Virtualot — A Framework Enabling Real-Time Coordinate Transformation & Occlusion Sensitive Tracking Using UAS Products, Deep Learning Object Detection & Traditional Object Tracking Techniques

In this work we explore a combination of methods that allow us to analyze and study hyper-local environmental phenomena. Developing a unique application of monoplotting enables visualization of the results of deep-learning object detection and traditional object tracking processes applied to a perspective view of a parking lot on aerial imagery in realtime. Additionally, we propose a general algorithm to extract some scene understanding by inverting the monoplotting process and applying it to digital elevation models. This allows us to derive estimations of perspective image areas causing object occlusions. Connecting the real world and perspective spaces, we can create a resilient object tracking environment using both coordinate spaces to adapt tracking methods when objects encounter occlusions. We submit that this novel composite of techniques opens avenues for more intelligent, robust object tracking and detailed environment analysis using GIS in complex spatial domains provided video footage and UAS products.
Design, Development, and Evaluation of Electrodynamic Screens for Self-Cleaning Solar Panels and Concentrating Mirrors

In this study, we report on design, construction, and evaluation of self-cleaning electrodynamic screen (EDS) films and their production via by gravure offset printing as a transition from laboratory-scale to roll-to-roll printing process. Both transparent and reflecting EDS films are fabricated for their applications to self-cleaning solar panels and concentrating mirrors, respectively. Experimental data are presented on the evaluation of the EDS films under simulated solar field environments demonstrating output power restoration of solar panels and specular reflectivity restoration for concentrating mirrors with low energy consumption without water. Electrode materials, geometry, optical modeling, and pulsed-voltage operation of the EDS film and scale-up studies are discussed.
The English Language Proficiency Assessment for the 21st Century (ELPA21).

This test review aims to provide a critical evaluation of the English Language Proficiency Assessment for the 21st Century (ELPA 21), a large-scale, standards-based English language proficiency tes...
Estimating the impact of deploying an electronic clinical decision support tool as part of a national practice improvement project.

Objective Estimate the impact on clinical practice of using a mobile device-based electronic clinical decision support (mECDS) tool within a national standardization project. Materials and methods An mECDS tool (app) was released as part of a change package to provide febrile infant management guidance to clinicians. App usage was analyzed using 2 measures: metric hits per case (metric-related screen view count divided by site-reported febrile infant cases in each designated market area [DMA] monthly) and cumulative prior metric hits per site (DMA metric hits summed from study month 1 until the month preceding the index, divided by sites in the DMA). For each metric, a mixed logistic regression model was fit to model site performance as a function of app usage. Results An increase of 200 cumulative prior metric hits per site was associated with increased odds of adherence to 3 metrics: appropriate admission (odds ratio [OR], 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.18), appropriate length of stay (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.12-1.28), and inappropriate chest x-ray (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.75-0.91). Ten additional metric hits per case were also associated: OR were 1.18 (95% CI, 1.02-1.36), 1.36 (95% CI, 1.14-1.62), and 0.74 (95% CI, 0.62-0.89). Discussion mECDS tools are increasingly being implemented, but their impact on clinical practice is poorly described. To our knowledge, although ecologic in nature, this report is the first to link clinical practice to mECDS use on a national scale and outside of an electronic health record. Conclusions mECDS use was associated with changes in adherence to targeted metrics. Future studies should seek to link mECDS usage more directly to clinical practice and assess other site-level factors.
A review of research of the Reggio Inspired approach: an integrative re-framing

The Reggio Emilia approach is identified as a resource and inspiration in the field of early childhood education. The term ‘Reggio Inspired’ refers to all Reggio Emilia approach-based practices out...
Five-Factor Model Personality Traits and Self-Classified Religiousness and Spirituality

A review of the literature investigating the relationship between religion and spirituality and broad personality traits reveals methodological limitations. The present study sought to contribute to the present literature by investigating differences on personality traits among men and women who identified as either religious only (R), spiritual only (S), both spiritual and religious (B), or neither spiritual nor religious (N). One thousand thirty-seven (1037) adults (M age = 36.34, SD = 12.62) participated online via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk as part of a larger study and completed the IPIP-NEO-120, Spiritual Transcendence Scale, Duke University Religion Index, and demographic information. Results revealed that men were more likely to identify as R and N than women, and women were more likely to identify as B than men. Women showed more significant differences among Big Five traits than men. Compared to other women, R-women reported the lowest levels of Openness, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism, and highest levels of Extraversion. N-women reported the highest levels of Neuroticism, while S-women reported highest Openness. Among men, R-men reported the lowest Openness, and S-men reported the highest Openness. B-men reported higher Extraversion than N-men. Additionally, Big Five traits appeared to account for significantly more variance in self-reported religiousness for women than men. Implications of these findings and recommendations for future research are provided and discussed.
Many-body localization from random magnetic anisotropy

This paper provides numerical evidence of many-body localization from random anisotropy in a spin-1 Heisenberg chain, and proposes candidate materials of disordered organometallic quantum magnets for possible experimental realization.
ASSOCIATION OF SERUM HOMOCYSTEINE LEVEL AND CORONARY MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH ANGINA AND NON-OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Both high levels of serum-homocysteine (sHcy), via impaired nitric-oxide production, and coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction (CMED) are each associated with increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). However, the relationship between sHcy levels and CMED remains unknown