cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Calling for a Next-Generation Sustainability Framework at MIT

MIT is positioned to excel in a next-generation approach to campus sustainability. With an active administration, emphasis on sustainable guidelines in planning campus construction and energy performance, and collaborative fabric of researchers, entrepreneurs, inventors, and community partners, we are poised now to both accelerate our successful performance and provide leadership on the meaning of creating a “sustainable campus”. We have a particularly unique opportunity in doing so to transform the campus into a scalable living laboratory, a test bed for change, one which matches cutting edge sustainable urban strategies emerging from our classrooms with their implementation at the institute level. Our partnerships with the City of Cambridge and metro Boston and regional and global networks provide further opportunity to advance collective intelligence around shared problems that affect our shared resources and shared desire for a more sustainable future. Each critical decision we make on campus is an opportunity to think deeply about how to ensure the growth of human potential while maintaining the integrity of the natural systems that support life on the planet. A commitment to sustainability will enable a process that allows us to grapple with how best to weigh fiscal, environmental and human health impacts. We are now building the capacity to create this process. A core component of a next-generation approach is the creation of a decision-making platform for the campus that is founded on systems thinking and powered by responsive, robust data. The interactions between human health, environmental quality, and of course, fiscal responsibility are increasingly complex. Even routine decisions become complicated when we take into account the interconnectedness of the systems that sustain us. This chapter will provide insight into the development of a next-generation framework for campus sustainability that draws on case examples from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Yale, both based in the USA.
META-ANALYSIS OF LATE GADOLINIUM ENHANCEMENT IN DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common form of NICM with dilated ventricle being the final common pathway to various insults. This is due to the presence of myocardial fibrosis and/or scarring. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) has been shown to predict the presence of myocardial fibrosis. We
Sense of Presence, Attitude Change, Perspective-Taking and Usability in First-Person Split-Sphere 360° Video

This paper examines the sense of presence, attitude change, perspective-taking, and usability of a split-sphere, first-person perspective 360 degree video about gender inequality, in which people can choose to watch the narrative from the male or female character's perspective. Sixty-seven participants were randomly assigned to watch (1) the video in 360 degree split-view in a head-mounted display, (2) the same film as 180 degree in a HMD, or (3) a flat control version of the video on a laptop. The 360 degree split-sphere increased the viewers' feeling of personal responsibility for resolving gender inequality, desire to rewatch the video, fear of missing out, and feeling of missing the full story. The 180 degree video created the strongest sense of presence, embodiment, and understanding of the character. However, people with greater egocentric projection onto the male character felt less responsible for resolving gender inequality, particularly in the 360 degree split-view.
Abstract 36: Novel age-related tumor promoting and inhibiting genes in breast cancer

During aging, besides genetic alterations, genes with altered expression may promote breast cancer development. Using linear regression modeling, we identified 148 up-regulated and 189 down-regulated genes during aging, by analyzing the whole transcriptome profiling data of matched normal tissues from 82 female patients with age and menopausal status available from The Cancer Genome Atlas data. We also compared matched tumor and normal samples, 3356 up-regulated and 3124 down-regulated genes were identified to be affected by tumorigenesis. Overlapping of tumorigenesis-associated genes with age-dependent genes resulted in 14 up-regulated and 24 down-regulated genes with both age and tumorigenesis. These genes were significantly predictive in relapse free survival, indicative of their potential tumor promoting or suppressive functions respectively. To test this hypothesis, we selected two up-regulated genes-DYNLT3 and P4HA3, and two down-regulated genes-ALX4 and WDR86 to investigate their function in controlling breast cancer malignancy because they are novel genes to breast cancer. We found that knockdown of DYNLT3 or P4HA3, and overexpression of ALX4, significantly reduced breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and colony forming capacity in soft agar, while overexpression of WDR86 did not show any inhibitory activity in breast cancer cells. Consistent with the in vitro data, knockdown of DYNLT3, P4HA3 and overexpression of ALX4 inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis when breast cancer cells were orthotopically implanted in mice, whereas such inhibition was not observed in mice when WDR86-overexpressing breast cancer cells were implanted. Taken together, our results support that some age-related genes harbor tumor promoting or inhibiting functions. Thus, proper modulation of their expression has potential to prevent or slow down the progression of breast cancer. Citation Format: Bingzhi Wang, Xiang Gu, Haiyan Zhu, Luzhe Sun. Novel age-related tumor promoting and inhibiting genes in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 36.
Accreditation Decisions in Social Work Education: Looking for Patterns, 1985–92

This article reports on seven years’ worth of decisions made by the Council on Social Work Education’s Commission on Accreditation, the only such accrediting authority in the United States. Decisions on initial accreditation and reaffirmation of accredited status for baccalaureate and master’s degree social work programs from 1985–92 were analyzed for any significant or recognizable patterns. Results indicate that BSW programs were overall more successful than MSW programs at achieving accredited status. All programs nonetheless demonstrated a high rate of success in meeting accreditation standards.
Hemodynamic evaluation of the St. Jude Medical valve prosthesis in the small aortic anulus

The hemodynamic function of the 19 mm and 21 mm St. Jude Medical valve prostheses in the aortic position was evaluated in seven patients who had valve replacement for either severe aortic stenosis or regurgitation an average of 4 months after operation. Cardiac output and simultaneous transvalvular gradient were recorded at rest and during moderate supine arm exercise. The average peak systolic gradient was 14 mm Hg (range 0 to 25 mm Hg) at rest and 32 mm Hg (range 23 to 56 mm Hg) with exercise. The average mean systolic gradient was 20 mm Hg (range 10 to 28 mm Hg) at rest and 38 mm Hg (range 30 to 48 mm Hg) with exercise. The mean effective orifice area was 1.2 cm2 (range 0.9 to 1.4 cm2) at rest and 1.1 cm2 (range of 0.9 to 1.3 cm2) with exercise. Mean cardiac output at rest was 4.4 L/min, and, with exercise, 7.4 Llmin. Of the five valves evaluated with root aortography, four demonstrated trivial and one mild aortic insufficiency. We conclude that the St. Jude Medical valve prosthesis in the aortic position has favorable hemodynamic function which is particularly evident in the 19 mm and 21 mm sizes when compared with other currently available aortic valve prostheses.
American Philosophy of the Recent Past

Philosophy at its best is an enlightening reflection on existence and the conscious pursuit of man’s maximum good. It is generally an individual enterprise: Plato, Spinoza, and Kant had to do their own solitary philosophic thinking. Yet great social changes, emerging cultural patterns, and new sweeping scientific ideas, by presenting common problems, tend to create philosophic trends.
Schelling, Freud, and the Philosophical Foundations of Psychoanalysis: Uncanny Belonging

Schelling, Freud, and the Philosophical Foundations of Psychoanalysis provides a long-overdue dialogue between two seminal thinkers, Schelling and Freud. Through a sustained reading of the sublime, mythology, the uncanny, and freedom, this book provokes the reader to retrieve and revive the shared roots of philosophy and psychoanalysis. Teresa Fenichel examines the philosophical basis for the concepts of the unconscious and for the nature of human freedom on which psychoanalysis rests. Drawing on the work of German philosopher F. W. J. Schelling, the author explores how his philosophical understanding of human actions, based as it was on the ideas of drives, informed and helped shape Freud’s work. Fenichel also stresses the philosophical weight of Freudian psychoanalysis, specifically in regards to the problem of freedom and argues that psychoanalysis complicates and reinforces Schelling’s basic idea: to know reality we must engage with the world empathetically and intimately. This book also serves as an introduction to Schelling’s thought, arguing that his metaphysics—particularly concerning the primacy of the unconscious and of fantasy—can be read as a therapeutic endeavor. Finally, the book offers a deep rethinking of the action and nature of sublimation through both Freud’s and Schelling’s texts. Fenichel suggests psychoanalytic therapy is self-interpretation—a recognition of our narratives as narratives, without for that reason taking them any less seriously. Schelling, Freud, and the Philosophical Foundations of Psychoanalysis will be of great interest to psychoanalysts and psychoanalytic psychotherapists as well as scholars of philosophy.
Lutein and Zeaxanthin Isomers Reduce Photoreceptor Degeneration in the Pde6brd10 Mouse Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Purpose. Lutein, RR-zeaxanthin, and RS-zeaxanthin (L-Z) are antioxidants which can reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and oxidative stress (OS), and ameliorate neurodegenerative diseases. However, their treatment effect in the Pde6brd10 (rd10) mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and the underlying cellular mechanisms have not been studied. ERS is an important factor which causes photoreceptor apoptosis. The aim of the current project is to test the treatment effect of L-Z in rd10 mice and to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of ERS. Methods. L-Z (Lutemax 2020, 10 mg/kg) diluted in sunflower oil (SFO, 1 mg/ml) or the same volume of SFO was administrated via gavage from postnatal day 6 (P6) to P20 daily in L-Z group (n=5) or SFO group (n=6) of rd10 mice. At P21, electroretinography (ERG) was performed to show the functional change of retinas. 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and endoplasmic reticulum protein 29 (ERp29) were tested by western blot and immunostaining. Results. The ERG amplitudes were larger in the L-Z group than those of the SFO group in all flash luminances of dark-adapted and light-adapted ERG (all p < 0.01). Western blot revealed that GRP78 in the retinas of the L-Z group was significantly downregulated compared to that of the SFO group (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, the retinal ERp29 protein was significantly upregulated in the L-Z treatment group than that of the SFO group (p < 0.01). Conclusions. L-Z provide protection to the photoreceptors of rd10 mouse model of RP, which is probably associated with the reduction of ERS.
Stimulation of Retinal Pigment Epithelium With an α7 nAChR Agonist Leads to Müller Glia Dependent Neurogenesis in the Adult Mammalian Retina.

Purpose The adult mammalian retina is typically incapable of regeneration when damaged by disease or trauma. Restoration of function would require generation of new adult neurons, something that until recently, mammals were thought to be incapable of doing. However, previous studies from this laboratory have shown that the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) agonist, PNU-282987, induces cell cycle reentry of Muller glia and generation of mature retinal neurons in adult rats, in the absence of detectible injury. This study analyzes how PNU-282987 treatment in RPE leads to robust BrdU incorporation in Muller glia in adult mice and leads to generation of Muller-derived retinal progenitors and neuronal differentiation. Methods Retinal BrdU incorporation was examined after eye drop application of PNU-282987 in adult wild-type and transgenic mice that contain tamoxifen-inducible tdTomato Muller glia, or after intraocular injection of conditioned medium from PNU-282987-treated cultured RPE cells. Results PNU-282987 induced robust incorporation of BrdU in all layers of the adult mouse retina. The α7 nAChR agonist was found to stimulate cell cycle reentry of Muller glia and their generation of new retinal progenitors indirectly, via the RPE, in an α7 nAChR-dependent fashion. Conclusions The results from this study point to RPE as a contributor to Muller glial neurogenic responses. The manipulation of the RPE to stimulate retinal neurogenesis offers a new direction for developing novel and potentially transformative treatments to reverse the loss of neurons associated with neurodegenerative disease, traumatic injury, or aging.
QUADRICUSPID AORTIC VALVE PRESENTING AS NEW ONSET HEART FAILURE: A CASE REPORT

Quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is a rare congenital heart disease with pure aortic regurgitation (AR) as its predominant clinical manifestation. Significant valvulopathy can lead to left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. A 47 year old female without a significant past medical history presented with a
Liquid metal-based bio-inspired capacitive flow sensor

We present a liquid flow sensor inspired by cupula structures found on a variety of fish. Our 5mm x 5mm x 1.75mm artificial cupula uniquely comprises a pair of differential liquid metal capacitors encased in silicone. Deflection of the structure – manually or by fluid flow – increases capacitance on one side and decreases on the other. To fabricate the complex internal structure, a commercial 3D printer is used to create a mold out of a sacrificial wax-like material. After casting uncured rubber, internal mold structures are melted and dissolved away, leaving channels and voids for liquid metal vacuum injection. The measured sensitivity of ~0.05pF/mm is compared to theoretical capacitance versus deflection values based on kinematics. To test behavior under water flow, a custom flow channel consisting of a 7.5mm x 7.5mm cross-section is employed with rates up to 1L/min. The parabolic capacitive response as a function of flowrate is compared to analytic theory based on kinematics and drag as well as to fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations using COMSOL. This device has future applications in the control of bio-inspired soft robotics. [Work sponsored by the Office of Naval Research.]
Calculated Hydrogeologic Pressures and Temperatures Resulting from Radioactive Waste in the Eleana Argillite

The SHAFT 78 code (multi-dimensional, two fluid phases, porous medium) has been used to begin assessment of the consequences of nuclear waste burial in a 1000 acre repository emplaced in argillite. The repository is assumed to contain spent fuel [SF (UO2)] at a loading of 150 kW/acre and to be located at a depth of 600 m. It was found that with perfect backfill, permeability = 1.0×10−7 darcys, a maximum fluid pressure in the repository of 770 bars existed at a time of 55 years after burial. Holding all other input variables constant, the maximum fluid pressure in the underground workings never exceeded the local lithostatic pressure when the permeability of the backfill material was increased to 1.0×10−1 darcys. The calculated temperature profiles are essentially independent of backfill permeability and porosity indicating that the heat flow is conduction dominated.
Discussion on “Effective interdisciplinary collaboration between statisticians and other subject matter experts”

Anderson-Cook, Lu, and Parker’s article offers numerous suggestions for ways statisticians can facilitate effective interdisciplinary collaboration, with particular focus on project teams. Their ar...
Impact of Nb(V) Substitution on the Structure and Optical and Photoelectrochemical Properties of the Cu 5(Ta 1- x Nb x) 11 O 30 Solid Solution

A family of solid solutions, Cu5(Ta1- xNb x)11O30 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4), was investigated as p-type semiconductors for their band gaps and energies and for their activity for the reduction of water to molecular hydrogen. Compositions from 0 to 40 mol % niobium were prepared in high purity by solid-state methods, accompanied by only very small increases in the lattice parameters of ∼0.05% and with the niobium and tantalum cations disordered over the same atomic sites. However, an increasing niobium content causes a significant decrease in the bandgap size from ∼2.58 to ∼2.05 eV owing to the decreasing conduction band energies. Linear-sweep voltammetry showed an increase in cathodic photocurrents with niobium content and applied negative potential of up to -0.6 mA/cm2 (pH ∼7.3; AM 1.5 G light filter with an irradiation intensity of ∼100 mW/cm2). The cathodic photocurrents could be partially stabilized by heating the polycrystalline films in air at 550 °C for 1 h to produce surface nanoislands of CuO or using protecting layers of aluminum-doped zinc oxide and titania. Aqueous suspensions of the Cu5(Ta1- xNb x)11O30 powders were also found to be active for hydrogen production under visible-light irradiation in a 20% aqueous methanol solution with the highest apparent quantum yields for the 10% and 20% Nb-substituted samples. Electronic structure calculations show that the increased photocurrents and hydroen evolution activities of the solid solutions arise near the percolation threshold of the niobate/tantalate framework wherein the Nb cations establish an extended -O-Nb-O-Nb-O- diffusion pathway for the minority carriers. The latter also reveals a novel pathway for enhancing charge separation as a function of the niobium-oxide connectivity. Thus, these results illustrate the advantages of using solid solutions to achieve the smaller bandgap sizes and band energies that are needed for solar-driven photocatalytic reactions.
Drug Prevention of Sudden Death after Myocardial Infarction: Role of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

After a patient survives a myocardial infarction (MI), his or her risk of death from nonarrhythmic and arrhythmic cardiac causes averages 5%–10% per year. Sudden cardiac death accounts for about half of these deaths. The highest risk is in patients with the largest infarction (lowest ejection fractions) and is increased further in patients with concomitant ventricular arrhythmias, latent ischemia, and other noninvasive risk stratifiers such as an abnormal signal average electrocardiogram (SAECG), decreased heart rate variability, abnormal reflex baroreceptor sensitivity, or the presence of repolarization alternans [1]. Although a single positive test may predict future events in 15%–30% of patients, even the addition of several positive tests is only predictive in 30%–40% of patients. Given this group’s enhanced risk of reinfarction and sudden death, with less than a 20% survival probability if an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest should occur, prophylactic therapies have been studied as a primary preventative strategy in post-MI patients.
Dynamic Characteristics Research on Single Stable Permanent Magnetic Actuator Applied in 12kV Vacuum Circuit Breaker

The permanent magnetic actuator is widely used in distribution network system for its advantages of few parts, high reliability and controllable parameters. In order to meet the development requirements of miniaturization and intelligence for the high voltage circuit breaker, the matching characteristics of circuit breaker and actuator are researched under the opening and closing operation. The single stable permanent magnetic actuator is designed and give out the structure size parameters, which the variation characteristics of magnetic field are analyzed during the opening and closing operation. So the stroke characteristic curve of contact are obtained under rated operating voltage and different operating voltage by establishing a test system. The results show that the single stable permanent magnetic actuator can meet the operating requirements of vacuum circuit breaker. In the rated operation, the average opening speed is about 1.2m/s, the average closing speed is about 0.53m/s, the maximum rebound of contact is 4mm. In the different operating voltage, the average closing speed or opening speed along with the increase of operating voltage. The operating voltage increases by 10V, the average opening speed increases 0.2m/s, and the average closing speed increases 0.1m/s.
Learning Logic and Proof with an Interactive Theorem Prover

A course developed by Robert Y. Lewis, Floris van Doorn, and the author serves as an undergraduate introduction to mathematical proof, symbolic logic, and interactive theorem proving. The treatment of each topic on its own is routine, and the novelty lies in the way they are combined to form a multifaceted introduction to mathematical reasoning and argumentation. Students are required to master three different languages: informal mathematical language, formal symbolic logic, and a computational proof language that lies somewhere in between. Experience teaching the course suggests that students have no trouble keeping the languages distinct while at the same appreciating the relationships between them, and that the multiple representations support one another and provide a robust understanding of mathematical proof.
Autophagy regulates functional differentiation of mammary epithelial cells

Mitochondria operate as a central hub for many metabolic processes by sensing and responding to the cellular environment. Developmental cues from the environment have been implicated in selective autophagy, or mitophagy, of mitochondria during cell differentiation and tissue development. Mitophagy occurring in this context, termed programmed mitophagy, responds to cell state rather than mitochondrial damage and is often accompanied by a metabolic transition. However, little is known about the mechanisms that engage and execute mitophagy under physiological or developmental conditions. As the mammary gland undergoes post-natal development and lactation challenges mitochondrial homeostasis, we investigated the contribution of mitochondria to differentiation of mammary epithelial cells (MECs). Using lactogenic differentiation of the HC11 mouse MEC line, we demonstrated that HC11 cells transition to a highly energetic state during differentiation by engaging both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Interestingly, this transition was lost when autophagy was inhibited with bafilomycin A1 or knockdown of Atg7 (autophagy related 7). To evaluate the specific targeting of mitochondria, we traced mitochondrial oxidation and turnover in vitro with the fluorescent probe, pMitoTimer. Indeed, we found that differentiation engaged mitophagy. To further evaluate the requirement of mitophagy during differentiation, we knocked down the expression of Prkn/parkin in HC11 cells. We found that MEC differentiation was impaired in shPrkn cells, implying that PRKN is required for MEC differentiation. These studies suggest a novel regulation of MEC differentiation through programmed mitophagy and provide a foundation for future studies of development and disease associated with mitochondrial function in the mammary gland.Abbreviations: AA: antimycin A; ATG5: autophagy related 5; BAF: bafilomycin A1; BNIP3: BCL2 interacting protein 3; BNIP3L/NIX: BCL2 interacting protein 3 like; COX8A: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A; CQ: chloroquine; CSN2: casein beta; ECAR: extracellular acidification rate; FCCP: trifluoromethoxy carbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone; FUNDC1: FUN14 domain containing 1; HIF1A: hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha; L1: lactation day 1; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MEC: mammary epithelial cell; mitoQ: mitoquinol; mROS: mitochondrial reactive oxygen species; OCR: oxygen consumption rate; P: priming; P16: pregnancy day 16; PARP1: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1; PINK1: PTEN induced kinase 1; PPARGC1A: PPARG coactivator 1 alpha; PRKN: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; shNT: short hairpin non-targeting control; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; STAT3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TFAM: transcription factor A, mitochondrial; U: undifferentiated.
Systematically Sifting Big Data to Identify Novel Causal Genes for Human Traits.

Widespread technological advances have propelled human genetics into a "big data" era, in which genome-wide data from extremely large cohorts can be integrated with other "-omics" datasets from humans and model systems. Li et al. (2020) demonstrate the power of applying multiple computational analyses to publicly available data to prioritize the study of genes with novel trait associations.
Probing gravity and growth of structure with gravitational waves and galaxies’ peculiar velocity

The low-redshift velocity field is a unique probe of the growth of cosmic structure and gravity. We propose to use distances from gravitational wave (GW) detections, in conjunction with the redshifts of their host galaxies from wide field spectroscopic surveys (e.g., DESI, 4MOST, TAIPAN), to measure peculiar motions within the local Universe. Such measurement has the potential to constrain the growth rate $f{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{8}$ and test gravity through determination of the gravitational growth index $\ensuremath{\gamma}$, complementing constraints from other peculiar velocity measurements. We find that binary neutron star mergers with associated counterpart at $z\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.2$ that will be detected by the Einstein Telescope (ET) will be able to constrain $f{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{8}$ to $\ensuremath{\sim}3%$ precision after 10 years of operations when combined with galaxy overdensities from DESI and TAIPAN. If a larger network of third generation GW detectors is available (e.g., including the Cosmic Explorer), the same constraints can be reached over a shorter timescale ($\ensuremath{\sim}5\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{years}$ for a 3 detectors network). The same events (plus information from their hosts' redshifts) can constrain $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ to ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.04$. This constraint is precise enough to discern general relativity from other popular gravity models at $3\ensuremath{\sigma}$. This constraint is improved to ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}\ensuremath{\sim}0.02--0.03$ when combined with galaxy overdensities. The potential of combining galaxies' peculiar velocities with gravitational wave detections for cosmology highlights the need for extensive optical to near-infrared follow-up of nearby gravitational wave events, or exquisite GW localization, in the next decade.
Modulation cancellation method in laser spectroscopy

A novel spectroscopic technique based on modulation spectroscopy with two excitation sources and quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy is described. We demonstrated two potential applications of this detection technique. First, we investigated the measurement of small temperature differences in a gas mixture. In this case, a sensitivity of 30 mK in 17 sec was achieved for a C2H2/N2 gas mixture with a 0.5% C2H2 concentration. Second, we demonstrated the detection of broadband absorbing chemical species, for which we selected hydrazine as the target molecule and achieved a detection limit of ∼1 part per million in 1 sec. In both cases, the measurements were performed with near-IR laser diodes and overtone transitions.
Performance of an atomic mean-field spin–orbit approach within exact two-component theory for perturbative treatment of spin–orbit coupling

Development of an atomic mean-field (AMF) spin–orbit approach within the spin-free exact two-component theory in its one-electron variant (SFX2C-1e) together with pilot applications are reported. T...
Having a Baby: Impact on Married and Cohabiting Parents’ Relationships

The current study evaluates the effects of having a baby on relationship quality and stability, contrasting married and unmarried cohabiting parents (N = 179; 38% unmarried cohabiting). Participants provided several waves of data, including time points before, during, and after pregnancy. Results indicated that cohabiting parents broke up at a significantly higher rate after having a baby compared to married parents. In terms of relationship quality, interrupted time-series analyses indicated that negative communication significantly increased after baby regardless of marital status. In addition, married parents had significantly higher levels of relationship satisfaction and commitment before baby compared to cohabiting parents but experienced modest declines in relationship satisfaction after baby. Cohabiting parents did not show such declines but remained lower in satisfaction throughout the study. Gender moderated commitment trajectories, such that married and cohabiting women demonstrated decreased commitment after baby, but married and cohabiting men demonstrated no significant changes in commitment. This study adds to the literature by examining both relationship stability and relationship quality trajectories from before pregnancy to after the birth of a baby among married and cohabiting parents in the same sample. Implications of these findings for practice and future research are discussed.
Recurrent Left Ventricular Thrombus Formation on Rivaroxaban Therapy in Cardiomyopathy and Liver Cirrhosis

Left ventricular (LV) thrombus in patients with reduced LV systolic function carries significant thromboembolic risk. Direct oral anticoagulants are an attractive alternative to warfarin for LV thrombus management. However, there are not enough data regarding the safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants for the treatment of LV thrombus. (Level of Difficulty: Beginner.).
Violent juveniles' adverse childhood experiences: Differentiating victim groups

Abstract Purpose Heightened exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) is associated with early-onset offending, gang-involvement, reoffending, and offending chronicity. However, examining whether cumulative ACE or specific ACE exposure is related to differences in who these juveniles victimize has been neglected. Given theoretical connections between ACE exposure and the individuals youth victimize, we examine whether ACEs differentiate victims based on the juveniles' relationship to their victims among 28,579 justice-involved adolescents who have committed violent against-person felonies. Methods A series of logistic regression models is used to assess which covariates, including cumulative ACEs and individual ACE exposures, are associated with specified victim groups. This approach allows for better targeting of violence prevention efforts, as a more nuanced understanding of the increased likelihood to victimize specific groups lends to potential differences in treatment provision, beyond simplistic findings regarding the association between ACE exposure and increases in offending. Results Cumulative ACEs decrease violent offending against strangers, while increasing likelihood of victimizing family, authority, and having multiple victim types, while specific ACE exposures also differentiate victim groups. Household mental health problems and household incarceration histories have the most substantial effects among individual ACEs. Conclusion ACE exposure differentiates between groups of victims and may necessitate different treatment and intervention responses. Policy implications are discussed.
The Quality of Expertise

Policy makers and managers often turn to experts when in need of information, but we should expect experts to be systematically biased. This is because the decision to research a question implies a belief that research will be fruitful. If priors about the impact of one's work are correct on average, then those who choose to research a question are optimistic about the quality of their work. The bias varies predictably with attributes of the question being studied. This fact has implications for a variety of mechanism design applications and yields predictions in accordance with a large literature in psychology. This paper was accepted by Teck-Hua Ho, behavioral economics.
Asthma Management: Updated Guidelines from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) published asthma management guidelines in 1991 and 2007. In 2020, the NHLBI released an update focusing on six priority topics.
Acute myopathy in chronic alcoholism: a study of 22 autopsy cases, with ultrastructural observations.

Acute rhabdomyolysis was observed in 22 of 100 consecutive autopsies on chronic alcoholic men with fatty or cirrhotic livers. It was severe in eight instances and caused death of acute renal failure in at least two patients. Light and electron microscopic study of the skeletal muscle demonstrated both degenerative and regenerative changes. Fibers identified as rhabdomyolytic by light microscopy showed diffuse damage by electron microscopy, with disruption of myofilaments and shrunken mitochondria indicative of sarcoplasmic necrosis. Other fibers showed only focal damage. Numerous rhabdomyoblasts were seen within the sarcolemmal sheaths of rhabdomyolytic fibers, and the nuclei of the rhabdomyoblasts appeared to have been derived from sarcolemmal nuclei. Widening of Z bands, probably by the accumulation of tropomyosin B, was interpreted as evidence of regeneration in focally-damaged fibers. Rhabdomyolysis is a distinct possibility in chronic alcoholics who become severely ill following acute drinking bouts. It is often masked by other conditions present in the alcoholic patient, and was not diagnosed prior to death in any of our cases. Muscle biopsy seems indicated when rhabdomyolysis is suspected.
Phase formation in rapidly solidified R2T17 intermetallics

Abstract Rapid solidification was utilized to produce a series of light and heavy rare earth-transition metal intermetallics in the R H –Co, R L –Co/Fe, and Sm–Co(Fe) systems with R H = Dy and Tb and R L = Pr and Sm. The influence of Nb–C and Zr–C additions on phase formation in the binary and ternary alloys has also been investigated. The X-ray diffraction patterns obtained with synchrotron radiation were refined by the Rietveld method for structural phase determination and analysis. It was found that the ability to create disorder strongly depended on the rare earth element, with light rare earth systems possessing more disorder, and rapid solidification effectively suppressed the development of long-range order in these compounds. Cobalt in contrast to iron favored the formation of disordered structures. Replacement up to two out of the three of the cobalt atoms with iron in the Sm–Co–Fe system has retained the establishment of the disordered TbCu 7 -variant and exhibited complete cobalt–iron solubility. Additions of Nb–C and Zr–C have also greatly influenced the order formation. The comparison of lattice parameters of the intermetallic compounds obtained by rapid solidification to the parameters of equilibrium 2–17 phases summarized in the literature revealed that formation of partially ordered and disordered structures was associated with expansion of the both a - and c -axes in Th 2 Zn 17 - and Th 2 Ni 17 -type phases for all binary compounds.
Complementary Methods for the Differentiation of Rhizobium meliloti Isolates

Because of the scarcity of literature on the successful use of serological methods for differentiation of Rhizobium meliloti isolates, the objectives of this study were to provide a rationale for selecting isolates to which antisera could be raised and to appraise the suitability of published methods of preparing R. meliloti antigens for the serological identification of field isolates. We used one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to develop protein profiles of eight field isolates and one commercial inoculant strain of R. meliloti in order to choose candidates that were either identical or distinctly different from each other for the production of antisera. The serological methods of tube agglutination and gel immunodiffusion complemented the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method of identification. On the basis of their agglutination titers and gel immunodiffusion analysis, the isolates were placed in five serogroups which were identical to the groupings based on protein profiles. Antigenic characteristics of gel immunodiffusion antigens were influenced by the composition of the growth medium, sonication of whole-cell antigens, and the addition of Formalin. We recommend that careful attention be given to the effects of varying antigen preparation procedures when analyzing R. meliloti so that experimental protocols do not complicate the results. The wide range of homologous-antiserum titers observed for the nine isolates indicates different inherent degrees of immunogenicity of R. meliloti which cannot be predicted before serum production. The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method is a useful tool for screening a collection of R. meliloti isolates to better ensure that strain-specific antisera representative of different types of organisms will be obtained.
Abstract 155: Rate, Clinical features, Safety Profile and Outcome of Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Negative Brain Imaging

INTRODUCTION: The exigent time demand for intravenous (IV) r-tPA administration in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) may not give the necessary time for thorough evaluation in patients presenting with AIS symptoms. As a result, IV thrombolysis of transient ischemic attack (TIA) or conditions mimicking stroke but with a subsequent different diagnosis might occur. In addition, IV r-tPA may sufficiently resolve ischemia such that subsequent brain diffusion weighted MR imaging (DWI-MRI) is negative in some patients. It would be expected that brain CT scan and the more sensitive DWI-MRI would be negative in all these cases. We sought to determine the rate, clinical characteristics, safety profile and outcome of brain imaging-negative patients treated with IV r-tPA for AIS in our large volume stroke center. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and brain imaging of patients who received IV rtPA for AIS within 4.5 hours of symptom onset from January 2006 to April 2014 at our center. A subset of pati...
Islands and Chains: Resumption as stranding

The present work provides a detailed analysis of chain formation and locality conditions imposed on it within the Minimalist Program. It does so by analyzing resumptive strategies in great detail. This study claims that resumptive pronouns and their antecedents are first merged as constituents, and are separated via movement (thus forming instances of discontinuous constituents). Resumptive chains are thus akin to the well-known stranding analysis of quantifier float. A taxonomy of islands is developed that crucially ties barriers for movement to agreement possibilities. The stranding of a resumptive pronoun is shown to limit the role of agreement for the moving element, thereby allowing a chain to be formed across an island.
Hemostatic control of scalp incisions. Technical note.

✓ A method is described to control bleeding from scalp incisions made for cranial surgery. The technique is simple and shortens the total length of time required for the procedure.
What Are The Monetary Effects Of Education In The Market For Major League Baseball Players

In this article, we test the relationship between college attendance and earnings for Major League Baseball players. Using a cross-section of non-pitchers from the 2005 season, we find that schooling does not influence earnings. These results seemingly contradict the schooling-earnings theory and suggest that the market for baseball players may be purely talent-driven.
Dynamics of enhanced mitochondrial respiration in female compared with male rat cerebral arteries

Mitochondrial respiration has never been directly examined in intact cerebral arteries. We tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial energetics of large cerebral arteries ex vivo are sex dependent. The Seahorse XFe24 analyzer was used to examine mitochondrial respiration in isolated cerebral arteries from adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. We examined the role of nitric oxide (NO) on mitochondrial respiration under basal conditions, using N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, and following pharmacological challenge using diazoxide (DZ), and also determined levels of mitochondrial and nonmitochondrial proteins using Western blot, and vascular diameter responses to DZ. The components of mitochondrial respiration including basal respiration, ATP production, proton leak, maximal respiration, and spare respiratory capacity were elevated in females compared with males, but increased in both male and female arteries in the presence of the NOS inhibitor. Although acute DZ treatment had little effect on mitochondrial respiration of male arteries, it decreased the respiration in female arteries. Levels of mitochondrial proteins in Complexes I-V and the voltage-dependent anion channel protein were elevated in female compared with male cerebral arteries. The DZ-induced vasodilation was greater in females than in males. Our findings show that substantial sex differences in mitochondrial respiratory dynamics exist in large cerebral arteries and may provide the mechanistic basis for observations that the female cerebral vasculature is more adaptable after injury.
“Ferry Me O’er”: Musing on the Future of Museum Culture

Museum professionals face unprecedented challenges in the digital world of the twenty-first century. How will we meet those challenges and who will lead us to the new shore of our future? We need museum professionals who act as ferrymen, guiding the museum community and its constituents through the troubled waters of our age to cultural reform that leads us to the essential purpose of art: love.
13 Organic photochemistry

This review covers the literature during publication year 2003 concerning organic photochemistry. The general areas of photochemical applications in organic synthesis and mechanistic studies are both covered. This review is selective rather than comprehensive, due to the large volume of publications in this field. Biological photochemistry is not covered. Of particular note in 2003 is the first report of single crystal absolute asymmetric photocyclization. Chiral crystals of 1,2-bis(5-m-formylphenyl-2-methyl-3-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene underwent highly enantioselective photocyclization upon irradiation with ultraviolet light, while irradiation of the compound in solution gave a racemic mixture. Irradiation of the crystals with visible light reversed the reaction. The first intermolecular dimerization of fullerene in solution was achieved using a melamine derivative as a template to promote hydrogen bonding between two fullerene–barbituric acid derivatives. Donor–acceptor functionalized substrates and biphenanthrylidenes were developed as light-driven molecular motors.
Biotechnology and human health

Biotechnology can contribute to improved human health. Such improvement will also enhance significantly the economic development of the lesser developed nations. If one has in the biomedical sciences the skill and the will, one can utilize the powerful tools of biotechnology to better the well-being of makind throughout the world.
B cell tumor vaccine enhanced by covalent attachment of immunoglobulin to surface proteins on dendritic cells.

Protein antigens have been covalently linked randomly to surface proteins on immature dendritic cells (DC). This has been achieved under physiological conditions using a heterobifunctional reagent that couples antigens to free thiol groups expressed on DC surface proteins. This results in a significant increase in the amount of antigen that is bound to DC, and the antigen/membrane protein complexes that are formed are rapidly internalized. DC, loaded covalently with either β-galactosidase (β-gal) or a tumor-associated immunoglobulin (Ig) when injected into mice, induce a β-gal- or Ig-specific T cell response, and a protective anti-tumor immunity for tumors expressing either β-gal or the targeted Ig. This response is shown here to be significantly greater than that which is induced by DC that are loaded with these antigens via the conventional antigen pulse protocol. These results establish a novel, safe, and viable approach of enhancing the effectiveness of DC-based vaccination strategies for B cell lymphoma.
Oculomotor palsy with pupillary sparing in a patient with chronic subdural hematoma

A patient with adult-onset diabetes mellitus developed an oculomotor palsy with pupillary sparing. Five days after her initial evaluation, she presented in a confused state with a complete oculomotor palsy. Computed cranial tomography revealed a chronic subdural hematoma. We recommend that noninvasive radiographic intracranial investigation be considered in elderly patients with adult-onset diabetes mellitus who present with headache and pupil-sparing oculomotor palsy.
Can physical activity mitigate the effects of aging in middle-aged women?

BACKGROUNDAging is associated with an increased risk of women dying from coronary heart disease as well as from all causes combined. Alterations in the major biological risk factors for early coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality are frequently seen in aging.METHODS AND RESULTSThe present investigation tested the hypothesis that high levels of physical activity could protect against age-associated changes in biological risk factor levels. In the Healthy Women Study, 507 women were evaluated at study entry and 3 years later. Weekly physical activity level was measured at each examination via the Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire. During the 3-year period, women increased significantly in weight, blood pressure, levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin and decreased significantly in levels of total high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and HDL2-C.CONCLUSIONSConsistent with the study hypothesis, women who reported higher levels of activity...
Cardiovascular Mechanisms of Functional Aerobic Impairment in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

Maximal oxygen uptake VOO2max) and functional aerobic impairment (FAI) were determined by treadmill test in 42 men with coronary heart disease and in 11 slightly older healthy men. Patients were separated according to occurrence or nonoccurrence of angina with exercise. At rest and at four levels of submaximal exercise on a bicycle ergometer, cardiac output (Q), using the direct Fick principle, heart rate (HR), mean systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, and arterial-mixed venous oxygen difference (A-V O2 D) were evaluated in relation to relative aerobic requirement (% Voo2max). Q was highly correlated with Voo2, and both the level and the rate of change of Q were lower in patients with angina at all submaximal workloads. Stroke volume (SV) and HR were significantly restricted at the higher workloads. Although peripheral resistance was increased, there was no compensatory increase in A-V O2 D. Both restricted SV and reduced HR are responsible for cardiovascular components of the abnormal FAI found in ...
The command economy cometh

The paper is a philosophical discourse on capitalism and its intellectual rationalization, economic theory. Both blithely ignore the most fundamental character of the human condition. Both may pay a price: capitalism through being replaced by an alternative economic system and economic theory through concomitantly disappearing from the intellectual firmament.