cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of the thematic relationship between focal and contextual stimuli in recall

Three experiments, involving a total of 298 Ss, examined the effect of varying the level of thematic relationship between focal and background stimuli upon recall of the former. In all experiments the focal stimuli were colored pictures of common objects. In Exps. I and III the background stimuli were also pictures of common objects; in Exp. II, they were the names of these objects. In Exps. I and II, tests involved free recall of the class names of the focal stimuli; in Exp. III the background stimuli were used as test stimuli and the required response was the specific name of the focal stimulus. Three levels of thematic relationship—focal and background stimuli were drawn from the same generic class, from a broader related group, or were selected at random—obtained in all experiments. The control condition for Exps. I and II involved presentation of the focal stimuli alone. In Exp. I, the presence of pictorial background stimuli of the same generic class as the focal stimuli had no reliable effect upon the free recall of the latter; however, with background stimuli of lesser relationship, performance was degraded when compared to the control condition. In Exp. II, the presence of verbal background stimuli was found to have no effect upon free recall. In Exp. III, associative recall of specific names was directly related to level of thematic relationship between focal and background stimuli.
The Compleat Fish Wars: Biological and Dynamic Interactions

Abstract In this article we study an example of a fishery in which there are two agents, each harvesting two species of fish. There are two externalities in the model: the dynamic externality studied in Levhari and Mirman (1980) and the biological externality examined in Fischer and Mirman (1992). This model allows us to study the interactions between agents in a model in which the species of fish interact. We find the unique closed loop Nash equilibrium in the context of a differential game and we compare the resulting catch ratios to the results of the earlier papers, which allow for only one externality. We also study the efficiency of the solution.
Relapsing bacteremia in patients with ventricular assist device: an emergent complication of extended circulatory support.

Abstract Background . Ventricular assist devices (VAD) are currently approved for use as a bridge for transplantation. Although reports have suggested acceptable rates of survival of patients with VAD, there is little information regarding the mechanism and etiology of bacteremia in these patients. Methods . We prospectively followed patients who underwent VAD implantation and developed bacteremia during VAD support at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Relapsing bacteremia was defined as at least two episodes of positive blood cultures with a genetically related organism on 2 different days. Species identification and susceptibility testing were performed on all isolates. Pulse field gel electrophoresis was performed on selected blood and VAD isolates. Results . Between January 1998 and August 1999, 3 patients with VAD developed relapsing bacteremia, which was treated with full courses of antibiotic agents, 2 of whom also developed VAD endocarditis. All 3 patients had documented driveline or device pocket infections with these isolates. Consecutive blood and VAD isolates were found to be genetically related within each patient. Conclusions . These patients with bacteremia after VAD implantation had relapse due to the same strain, which may have originated from indolent driveline infection. Endovascular infection in this setting is difficult to eradicate with antibiotic agents and carries a high mortality. These patients should be considered to have priority for orthotopic heart transplantation.
The effect of rocket plume contamination on the optical properties of transmitting and reflecting materials.

The preliminary results of plume contamination from a 5-pound thrust single-doublet, bipropellant rocket engine on the transmittance of quartz and the reflectance of a silicon monoxide overcoated aluminum mirror are presented. Changes in quartz transmittance were found to be significant and were due to both absorption and scattering effects. Contaminant absorption effects were predominant at the short wavelengths and scattering effects were greatest in the visible wavelengths. Measured changes in mirror reflectance were due primarily to contaminant absorption. Scattering effects were found to be as much as 9 percent of the total reflected energy from the mirror. There were no noticeable chemical or erosion effects on either the quartz or the front surface mirror.
Binding of human serum amyloid P-component to phosphocholine

Human serum amyloid P-component (SAP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are structurally similar pentraxins composed of five identical subunits in a disc-like configuration and display Ca(2+)-dependent binding reactivity to a variety of unrelated ligands. CRP is generally classified and defined as a phosphocholine (PC)-binding protein, whereas SAP is identified as a polysaccharide-binding protein. We examined the PC-binding activity of human SAP and compared it to human CRP since many of the biological activities of CRP are triggered upon PC-binding. SAP was able to bind to immobilize PC in a saturable, Ca(2+)-dependent manner but with lower avidity than CRP in direct competitive binding assays. The affinity of the binding of SAP to soluble [14C]PC was slightly lower than the affinity of CRP; however, the valence of SAP was only one PC-binding site/pentraxin or 2/protein vs 5 such sites per CRP molecule. Both SAP and CRP displayed a similar binding preference for PC vs phosphoethanolamine (PE). Two monoclonal antibodies (mAb) generated against the PC-binding site of SAP also reacted with the PC-binding site of CRP and inhibited PC-binding by both pentraxins. A mAb specific for the PC-binding site on CRP also inhibited SAP binding to PC. SAP was also recognized by two anti-idiotypic mAb that shared reactivity with the TEPC-15 PC-binding myeloma protein and the PC-binding site of CRP. Both pentraxins could be isolated from human serum by affinity chromatography on either PC- or PE-substituted agarose beads. The findings indicate that SAP is also a PC-binding protein.
Hysteresis in conducting ferromagnets

Maxwell's magnetic diffusion equation is solved for conducting ferromagnetic cylinders to predict a magnetic wave velocity, a time delay for flux penetration and an eddy current field, one of five fields in the linear unified field model of hysteresis. Measured Faraday voltages for a thin steel toroid are shown to be proportional to magnetic field step amplitude and decrease exponentially in time due to maximum rather than average permeability. Dynamic permeabilities are a field convolution of quasistatic permeability and the delay function from which we derive and observe square root dependence of coercivity on rate of field change.
A Critical Evaluation of Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia and the Need for Anti-pseudomonal Therapy, Including Double Coverage

In 2005, healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) was described as a distinct entity, reflecting the concern that patients with HCAP have mortality rates and microbiologic culprits more akin to patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and, thus, warrant treatment similar to HAP, including empiric broad spectrum antibiotics. Increasing evidence suggests that the HCAP definition and criteria are insufficient predictors of which patients are at highest risk of being infected with a multi-drug resistant organism (MDRO); this lack of accuracy leads to overuse of broad spectrum antibiotics. New risk stratification schemes have been proposed that may supplant our current reliance on HCAP criteria for identifying patients who may be infected with an MDRO. Regardless of the risk stratification method used, antibiotic decisions must account for local MDRO prevalence rates. In settings where P. aeruginosa resistance to anti-pseudomonal therapies is high or in patients who are critically ill, empiric combination therapy for P. aeruginosa may be considered. However, therapy should be narrowed to a single agent once an effective agent has been identified from culture susceptibility data.
Cyclic Codes in Multiple Channel Parallel Systems

A catalog of all nonredundant complete sets of functions of two and three binary variables is presented in the form of a table.
Hypoxia stimulates prostacyclin synthesis by neonatal lungs.

Summary: Inhibition of prostaglandin cyclooxygenase augments hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. We used a neonatal lamb lung preparation perfused with Krebs' bicarbonate buffer to characterize and quantify prostanoids produced by the pulmonary vasculature from endogenous arachidonic acid in the absence of formed blood elements during ventilation with normoxic and hypoxic gas mixtures. Prostaglandin (PG) I2 synthesis increased from 6.4 ± 2.7 ng/min (SEM) during normoxic ventilation to 14.3 ± 5.4 ng/min during hypoxia and returned to 4.7 ± 1.2 ng/min with resumption of normoxia. These data demonstrate that hypoxia stimulates pulmonary vascular synthesis of prostaglandin I2 from endogenous substrate in neonatal lambs and suggest that the augmentation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction by prostaglandin cyclooxygenase inhibition is due, at least in part, to interference with the synthesis of this vasodilator prostanoid.
On the desirability and feasibility of arms transfer regime formation

(1994). On the desirability and feasibility of arms transfer regime formation. Contemporary Security Policy: Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 84-111.
Absolute crystal stability and elastic constants for cubic structures

En utilisant une interaction par potentiel a n corps en plus de l'interaction habituelle a deux corps on etudie la stabilite mecanique de differentes structures cubiques pour tous les hyper de deformations elastiques homogenes. Analyse parametrique des constantes d'elasticite
Proportional chambers for very high counting rates based on gas mixtures of CF4 with hydrocarbons

Abstract Very fast multiwire proportional chambers of low mass for very high counting rates were developed. The anode signals have an effective duration of 8 ns after pulse shaping and a time jitter of only 4 ns fwhm. This performance was achieved with gas mixtures of CF4 and hydrocarbons at atmospheric pressure in MWPCs with small interelectrode distances. Gas mixtures with high primary specific ionization density and low noise fast signal processing provide full efficiency at gas gains of a few times 104. At these conditions, the chambers can operate at rates of several times 107 s−1 cm−2. Various gas mixtures and chamber geometries were explored and test results are reported.
Tris-(isopropoxy methylphosphonato) complexes of trivalent rare-earth metal ions

Tris-(isopropoxy methylphosphonato) rare earth complexes were obtained by interaction of diisopropyl methylphosphonate with trivalent rare-earth chlorides at 50 °–100 °C. The complexes were characterized by means of infrared, magnetic and X-ray powder diffraction studies. A distorted Oh symmetry is assigned to the metal ions. Far infrared evidence indicates the presence of strong lanthanide (III)-oxygen bonds, possibly having partially covalent character. Possible structures of the new complexes, including monomeric chelates and oligomers or polymers, involving eight-membered phosphonate bridges and four-membered chelate rings, are discussed.
Expression patterns of the rogue Hox genes Hox3/zen and fushi tarazu in the apterygote insect Thermobia domestica.

Summary Many embryonic patterning genes are remarkably conserved between vertebrates and invertebrates, and the Hox genes are paradigmatic examples of this conservation. Yet even Hox genes can change dramatically in evolution. Two genes in particular—Hox3 and fushi tarazu—lost their ancestral roles as homeotic genes and play very different developmental roles in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. The Drosophila Hox3 homologs zerknullt and bicoid act in extraembryonic tissues and in establishment of the anteroposterior axis, respectively, whereas fushi tarazu acts in segmentation and neurogenesis. It would be valuable to know what mechanisms allowed Hox3 and ftz to abandon their ancestral roles as homeotic genes and take on new roles. To explore the evolutionary transition of these genes, we analyzed their expression in a primitive insect, the firebrat Thermobia domestica. The expression patterns seem to represent a stage of evolution intermediate between the ancestral state seen in basal arthropods and the derived expression patterns in Drosophila. These expression data help us to narrow the period in which the gene transitions took place. Hox3 appears to have evolved directly into zen within the insects, whereas ftz seems to have adopted the expression patterns of a segmentation and neurogenesis gene earlier in the mandibulate arthropods.
Measurement of Ejecta from Normal Incident Hypervelocity Impact on Lunar Regolith Simulant

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) continues to make progress toward long-term lunar habitation. Critical to the design of a lunar habitat is an understanding of the lunar surface environment. A subject for further definition is the lunar impact ejecta environment. The document NASA SP-8013 was developed for the Apollo program and is the latest definition of the ejecta environment. There is concern that NASA SP-8013 may over-estimate the lunar ejecta environment. NASA’s Meteoroid Environment Office (MEO) has initiated several tasks to improve the accuracy of our understanding of the lunar surface ejecta environment.
Using the Invisible Web to Teach Information Literacy

In an age where it is crucial that students have an understanding of how to locate, evaluate, and use information appropriately, it is important that instructors engage their students in research activities that provide opportunities to develop information literacy competencies. By introducing the use of the Invisible Web in information literacy instruction, novice researchers gain a better understanding of the organization of information on the Internet. The Invisible Web serves as a gateway to provide direct access to information not easily retrieved by the popular search engines. It is much more structured than traditional search engines to offer students a sense of organization in their research. A review of various Invisible Web Search Sites is provided along with discussion of how to integrate the use of the Invisible Web into information literacy instruction.
Effect of Agouti-related protein delivered to the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus on intake of a preferred versus a non-preferred diet

Agouti-related protein (Agrp), a high-affinity antagonist of the melanocortin-3/4 receptors, increases feeding when administered centrally. Previous studies have shown that this increase is long-lasting (at least 24 h) and delayed, unless the animal is first stimulated to feed by fasting or onset of the dark phase. The present studies first demonstrate that long-lasting and delayed increases in food intake are also evident when Agrp is microinjected into the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DMH). Next, the effects of DMH-administered Agrp were assessed on intake of two foods, isocaloric but differing in flavor (with or without sucrose). Following exposure to the two diets, rats were injected via cannula aimed at the DMH with 100 pmol Agrp at 10:00 h and allowed ad libitum access to either: (1) a choice of both diets or (2) one of the diets alone. Food intake was determined at 2, 4, and 24 h post-injection. In the first (choice) paradigm, Agrp only increased intake of the sucrose-containing diet. In the second (no-choice) paradigm, animals on either diet showed an Agrp-induced increase in intake 24 h following injection; only animals on the sucrose-containing diet showed an increase in intake 4 h post-injection. The results are discussed in the context of the possible involvement of Agrp/MC4-R in the rewarding characteristics of food intake.
3D pedestrian tracking based on overhead cameras

This paper proposes a method to track pedestrians in crowded scenes based on the detection of the 3D head position of a person using two overhead cameras. A possible head area in one frame acquired from one of the overhead cameras is determined by evaluating a head area existence probability based on the integral polar mapped image, where a foreground pixel is assigned a probability to belong to the head area. A segment passing through the head top is estimated for each clustered head area. The disparities along each segment are calculated using the synchronized frame from the other overhead camera. The center of the points with the largest disparity on the segment is determined as the head point and its 3D position is computed using triangulation. It is then tracked using common assumptions on motion direction and velocity. This is efficiently done notwithstanding the fact that several segments may exist in a single foreground blob with each segment corresponding to a different person. The approach is tested using a publicly available visual surveillance simulation test bed. The experiments show that the 3D tracking errors are around 5 cm. The method allows for the capture of high quality close-up facial images.
Geriatric syndromes in elderly patients admitted to an inpatient cardiology ward.

BACKGROUND Older adults make up an increasing proportion of patients hospitalized with cardiovascular disease. Such patients often have multiple coexisting geriatric syndromes that may affect management and outcomes and are frequently underdiagnosed and untreated. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of geriatric syndromes and incidence of selected adverse events in hospitalized elderly patients with cardiovascular disease. DESIGN A prospective cohort study. SETTING Urban academic medical center. PATIENTS One hundred patients at least 70 years old with cardiovascular disease hospitalized on a cardiology ward. MEASUREMENTS Standard geriatric screens were administered to assess mood, function, and cognitive status. Patients were followed prospectively for adverse events such as falls, urinary tract infection (UTI), and use of restraints. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 79.2 ± 5.5 years, 61% were female, 68% were white, and mean length of stay was 7 days. Geriatric syndromes were prevalent and included functional impairment (35% dependent in ≥1 activity of daily living), cognitive impairment (19% with abnormal results on the Short Blessed Test), and polypharmacy. Thirty-seven percent of patients were prescribed a potentially inappropriate medication on admission or discharge. Patients receiving a Foley catheter were at increased risk for UTI. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that geriatric syndromes are prevalent among older patients hospitalized for cardiovascular disease. Further study is needed to determine if interventions designed to increase recognition and treatment of these syndromes can improve outcomes in this patient population. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2007;2:394–400. © 2007 Society of Hospital Medicine.
The effect of pepstatin A, an inhibitor of the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-converting enzyme, on POMC processing in mouse intermediate pituitary.

Abstract In our previous studies, we have purified a unique, paired basic residue-specific, prohormone-converting enzyme from pituitary intermediate lobe secretory vesicles. This enzyme, an aspartyl protease, was shown to cleave the intermediate lobe prohormone, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), to adrenocorticotropin, β-endorphin and a 16 kDa NH 2 -terminal glycopeptide, in vitro [(1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 7194–7205]. To provide some evidence that this enzyme plays a role in prohormone conversion in the intact cell, the ability of pepstatin A, an aspartyl protease inhibitor, to block POMC processing in the mouse intermediate pituitary was investigated. By the use of a radioactive pulse-chase paradigm, [ 3 H]POMC processing was found to be inhibited by 36.4% in pepstatin A-treated intermediate lobes. This result is consistent with the inactivation of pro-opiomelanocortin-converting enzyme by pepstatin A in the intact pituitary and further supports a role of this enzyme in POMC processing in vivo.
Lattice dynamics and phonon line shapes in 36Ar at high temperatures.

The inelastic neutron scattering technique has been used to measure phonon frequencies and phonon line shapes in /sup 36/Ar at temperatures of 81 K (lattice constant a-italic = 5.465(2) A-circle) and 55 K (a-italic = 5.440(2) A-circle) primarily along the (100) and (110) directions. The 81-K data combined with earlier results for small wave vector by Fujii e-italict-italic a-italicl-italic. were fitted to a force-constant model. Detailed comparisons are made of the observed phonon line shapes with those computed from the self-consistent harmonic approximation with added cubic anharmonicity (Glyde and co-workers) and molecular-dynamics simulations (Hansen and Klein). The agreement at high temperatures though still quite satisfactory, was found to be not as good as at low temperatures.
Finite element analysis assessing partial catenary action in steel beams

Abstract One potential means for designing steel structures for progressive collapse resistance is to include considerations of catenary action in order to efficiently and economically allow beams to be designed to resist increased levels of load relative to what is currently considered in practice. However, the current inventory of typical girder-to-column connections limits the capability of girders to achieve their peak post-flexural capacities. Given this limitation, a finite element analysis (FEA) parametric study of steel girders containing idealized connections was conducted to better understand connection demands in this situation. The results are compared to existing FEA and experimental work documented in available literature and combinations of tensile force, moment, and rotation at various levels of applied vertical load are generated, which can inform benchmarks that future connections could be designed to provide in order for steel beams to provide capacities intermediate to their flexural and full catenary capacities, i.e., partial catenary action. A relatively simple metric for normalizing rotation data from disparate girder designs is also introduced and recommended for consideration in any future connection rotation demand benchmarks. The influences of residual stresses and geometric imperfections on the FEA results are also discussed.
Cochlear implant plus hearing aid: measuring binaural benefit in children

Abstract Two children who wear a cochlear implant (CI) in one ear and a hearing aid (HA) in the other ear completed a test battery designed to measure speech perception in noise and localization abilities. The children had different lengths of device use for both the CI and the HA (S1 having more CI experience than S2). General trends indicate that the use of an HA in the non-CI ear may benefit localization of sound sources and may degrade ability to understand speech in noise. Due to individual variability on specific conditions, data on more children is necessary to derive conclusions regarding the binaural benefit of combining a CI with an HA. The current test battery may be a useful clinical tool for individual assessment in children.
Genetic map of seven polymorphic markers comprising a single linkage group on rat Chromosome 5

Seven polymorphic markers comprising a single linkage group were assigned to rat Chromosome (Chr) 5 by linkage analysis of the progeny of an F2 intercross of Fischer (F344/N) and Lewis (LEW/N) inbred rats. Three genes, α-L-fucosidase 1 (FUCA1), mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2), and glucose transporter (GLUT1), were mapped by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Two genes, glucose transporter (GTG3) and elastase II (ELAII), one pseudogene for α tubulin (TUBAPS), and one sequence related to the 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase gene (PFKFBP1-related sequence) were mapped by simple sequence repeat (SSR) polymorphism analysis. The loci are in the following order: SOD2, GTG3/GLUT1, FUCA1, ELAII/PFKFBP1-related sequence, and TUBAPS. This linkage group covered 68.3 cM of rat Chr 5. The SSR markers were highly polymorphic in 13 inbred rat strains (SHR/N, WKY/N, MNR/N, MR/N, LOU/MN, BN/SsN, BUF/N, WBB1/N, WBB2/N, ACI/N, LER/N, F344/N, and LEW/N). These markers, located on rat Chr 5, will be useful in genetic studies of inbred rats.
Micro-electromechanical determination of the possible remanent strain and polarization states in polycrystalline ferroelectrics and the implications for phenomenological constitutive theories

The micro-electromechanical constitutive model for polycrystalline ferroelectric ceramics is implemented to determine the remanent strain and remanent polarization states that are possible in a ferroelectric polycrystal. The underlying crystal structure of the single crystals is assumed to be tetragonal, but the methods developed in this paper can be applied to other crystal structures as well. The full multi-axial set of remanent strain saturation states possible in an untextured polycrystal is determined. It is argued and demonstrated that the remanent polarization saturation level is dependent on the prevailing remanent strain state. The possible uniaxial combinations of remanent strain and polarization are determined from the micro-electromechanical model. The results of these investigations are then applied within the phenomenological constitutive framework and the constitutive response under coupled electromechanical loading is predicted.
Beam Position Measurement System at the Argonne Rapid Cycling Synchrotron

The position measurement system for the Rapid-Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) was originally designed with a four-plate, combined function, capacitive pickup pi electrode situated in each of the six short straight sections. During subsequent operation, it was discovered that these electrodes were limiting the aperture and, therefore, were being activated by the circulating proton beam. In addition, the activation made it difficult to maintain the active electronic components in the RCS tunnel. The new position measurement system has been designed to eliminate these problems. The electrode's horizontal and vertical dimensions have been increased and the plates reorientated for simpler, separate function signal processing. A passive impedance matching network has replaced the active cathode follower, eliminating maintenance requirements in the accelerator tunnel. The Radio Frequency (RF) beam signals are transmitted directly to the Main Control Room (MCR) for processing.
Theoretical calculations of x-ray-absorption spectra of copper in La2CuO4 and related oxide compounds.

We report the results of theoretical calculations of copper K-edge x-ray-absorption near-edge spectra (XANES) in ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ and related oxides ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}$O, CuO, and ${\mathrm{KCuO}}_{2}$. The final bound states were obtained from the self-consistent-field discrete-variational X\ensuremath{\alpha} method (SCF DV X\ensuremath{\alpha}), and continuum states were found by the multiple-scattering method using the muffin-tin truncation of the SCF DV X\ensuremath{\alpha} potentials. Composition of the final-state wave functions was analyzed. The 1s ionization potentials of the three reference compounds obtained from the SCF DV X\ensuremath{\alpha} transition-state calculations were used to set up the relative energy scale for the calculated cross section. The principal features of measured Cu K-edge XANES for ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}$O, CuO, and ${\mathrm{KCuO}}_{2}$ were reproduced satisfactorily by our calculations along with their relative energy positions. Our calculated polarized XANES of ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ were compared with measured spectra, and two shakeup features were identified with radiation polarized along the crystal c axis. By quantitatively comparing the measured spectra with a model based on our calculated cross sections, their intensities were found to be \ensuremath{\sim}24% and 10% of the main transition with shakeup energies of 5.7 and 9.5 eV, respectively. We suggest that these multielectron excitation features involve Cu 3d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4p transitions.
Use of different definitions of biochemical failure after external beam radiotherapy changes conclusions about relative treatment efficacy for localized prostate cancer.

Abstract Objectives To report biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS) after radiotherapy (RT) for localized prostate cancer with two separate failure definitions and compare the results with those after radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods The study sample comprised 2516 patients with a median follow-up of 78 months. Biochemical relapse after RT was defined as either the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology Oncology definition (definition A [DefA]) or a prostate-specific antigen elevation of more than 2 ng/mL greater than the nadir prostate-specific antigen level (definition N [DefN]). Failure after RP was defined as a prostate-specific antigen level greater than 0.2 ng/mL. Results Compared with DefA, DefN resulted in a 13% greater bRFS rate at 5 years and a 12% lower bRFS rate at 10 years. On multivariate analysis, the treatment modality (RP versus RT) was a significant predictor of bRFS using DefA in favor of RP ( P P = 0.87). Higher radiation doses were independently associated with a better outcome with either definition. Conclusions Compared with DefA, DefN resulted in better outcomes for up to 7 years after RT, but worse outcomes thereafter. The use of DefA versus DefN resulted in opposite conclusions about the relative efficacies of RT and RP, with DefN suggesting RT is equivalent to RP and DefA that it is worse than RP. Different definitions of biochemical failure after RT can result in differences in the conclusions about treatment efficacy in men with localized prostate cancer, thereby potentially affecting clinical decisions.
A novel alkaline redox couple: chemistry of the Fe6+/B2− super-iron boride battery

A high capacity alkaline redox storage chemistry is explored based on a novel, environmentally benign zirconia stabilized Fe6+/B2− chemistry, which sustains an electrochemical potential matched to the pervasive, conventional MnO2–Zn battery chemistry, however with a much higher electrochemical capacity.
Decentralized power system state estimation

Recent advances in metering technology, deregulation of the energy market, rapid penetration of renewables, and the smart grid vision for situational awareness, all call for a system-wide power system state estimation (PSSE). On the other hand, complexity of an interconnected power grid, privacy policies of local authorities, and vulnerability concerns preclude a centralized estimator. In this context, several possible manifestations of PSSE are treated in the present paper under a unified and systematic framework. Building on the alternating direction method of multipliers, a novel decentralized PSSE approach is developed. The obtained algorithm waives local observability concerns, leverages existing software, while requiring local system operators exchange minimal information only across tie lines. Numerical tests on two commonly used benchmarks, namely IEEE 14- and 118-bus power grids, show that the desired statistical accuracy is attained within 5-10 inter-area exchanges.
Alcohol consumption and the incidence of Parkinson's disease

Cigarette smoking and caffeine consumption are associated with a decreased incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD). This inverse association may result from neuroprotective effects of cigarette smoke and caffeine, or from a disinclination of future PD patients to engage in habituating behaviors. We investigated the association between consumption of alcoholic beverages, another potentially habituating behavior, and risk of PD in two large prospective cohorts Nurses' Health Study, and Health Professionals' Follow-up Study. We detected 415 new cases of PD during follow-up. Compared with nondrinkers at baseline, the relative rate (95% confidence interval) was 1.0 (0.8-1.3) for drinkers of less than 5 gm/day, 1.0 (0.8-1.4) for 5 to less than 15 gm/day, 1.1 (0.8-1.6) for 15 to less than 30 gm/day, and 0.7 (0.5-1.2) for 30 gm/day or more (p for trend = 0.45). Consumption of wine or liquor was not associated with the incidence of PD. Compared with those who consumed beer less than once per month, the relative rate (95% confidence interval) was 0.7 (0.5-0.9) for one to three drinks of beer per month, and 0.7 (0.5, 0.9) for one or more drinks of beer per week. The risk of PD was similar in individuals who usually consume moderate amounts of alcohol and in abstainers.
Furrows and focussed echoes on the Blake Outer Ridge

Abstract A camera sled was towed along the deep seafloor, in a region of focussed echoes, near the crest of the Blake Outer Ridge in the western North Atlantic Ocean. The transect of overlapping bottom photographs shows that abyssal furrows, similar to those previously identified in nearby regions of hyperbolic echoes, are responsible for focussing reflected acoustic energy into narrow vertical zones in echosounding records. Isolated subbottom hyperbolae recorded from reflectors beneath the present seafloor furrows probably represent buried furrows. They demonstrate that the observed furrows are syndepositional rather than erosional, that they have been maintained for at least 2 · 10 5 years, and that they have experienced little lateral migration in that time.
Combinatorial biosynthesis of ‘unnatural’ natural products: the polyketide example

Multi-enzyme systems, such as those involved in the biosynthesis of polyketides, typically catalyze several distinct reactions that are combined in different ways to generate diverse natural products. The variability available in such systems has not been fully harnessed from nature. It may therefore be possible to create 'unnatural' natural products, which may be as structurally diverse and medicinally valuable as existing natural products, using combinatorial biosynthesis.
In vivo reprogramming for heart disease

The term “lineage reprogramming” is typically used to describe the conversion of one differentiated somatic cell type into another without transit through a pluripotent intermediate. Two recent reports in Nature demonstrate that such a conversion can be achieved in the heart in situ, and suggest a novel, regenerative approach for the development of cardiac therapeutics.
16–40 Å coronal X-ray emission during the 12 November 1966 eclipse

The solar eclipse of 12 November 1966 was used to study the coronal emission near the limbs in selected emission lines between 16 and 40 A. Eight fixed-wavelength, curved crystal spectrometers were carried in each of 3 rocket launches to an altitude of 290 km and monitored the flux in each of eight narrow-wavelength intervals encompassing the principal emission lines from the hydrogen-like and helium-like ions of C, N, and O. At totality the emissions dropped to background levels of 1% or less of the full sun values, showing that on the solar limbs on that day there was very little emission above 17000 km in these lines.
Congruence restricted modular forms

Given f(z), a modular form on a congruence subgroup (of the full modular group), we construct the function f(z;r,t) by summing over the terms of the Fourier expansion of f(z) with index congruent to r modulo t. In this paper, we determine a condition on the multiplier system of f(z) which guarantees that f(z;r,t) is itself a modular form on a (smaller) congruence subgroup.
Arachidonic acid metabolism in bovine alveolar macrophages. Effect of calcium ionophore on lipoxygenase products.

The production of lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid was studied in bovine alveolar macrophages (BAM). Unstimulated macrophages produced small amounts of LTB4 (0.2±0.2 ng/106 BAM) but monohydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (5t-, 12-, and 15-HETE) usually were not detectable. Both exogenous arachidonic acid and the calcium ionophore A23187 induced production of LTB4, 5-, 12-, and 15-HETE, of which 60–80% was 5-HETE. Combined challenge of BAM with both exogenous arachidonic acid and A23187 was more effective in the production of these metabolites than with either stimulus alone. The generation of the peptidoleukotrienes LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 by BAM could not be detected under these in vitro conditions. Our results demonstrate that bovine alveolar macrophages produce similar lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid in response to A23187, as do human alveolar macrophages stimulated with the same agonist.
Identification of Parameters in Nonlinear Boundary Conditions of Distributed Systems With Linear Fields

Abstract : A method is presented for the formulation of unknown parameters in nonlinear boundary conditions in distributed parameter dynamic systems. In contrast to other available techniques, this method requires only as many measurement sensors within the field as there are unknown boundary conditions. Results are presented for simulated data from an example of heat conduction with radiation boundary and for experimental data from a cantilever beam with a nonlinear moment at the boundary. The method may be applied to partial differential equations which are linear, one-dimensional, and have known time invariant coefficients. The nonlinear boundary conditions are specified up to a set of unknown constant parameters which appear linearly in the boundary conditions.
Hardware-in-the-loop test facility for the standard missile-3 kinetic warhead

The Guidance System Evaluation Laboratory of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory developed a hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulation facility in 2000 for the test and evaluation of the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense Standard Missile-3 (SM-3) kinetic warhead. We continue to expand on this architecture to facilitate the test of the tactically deployed SM-3 system. An overview and philosophy of the HWIL facility is described. Each of the key test equipment devices is described, along with an upgrade path that provides more accuracy and reliability, as well as increased test capability. The key components are the body dynamics simulation control computer, a scene rendering computer, a resistive-array IR scene projector, and support optics.
Multimode dynamics of atomic-force-microscope tip-sample interactions and application of sensitivity vector fields

The application of sensitivity vector fields (SVF) for tip-sample interactions in the context of multimode dynamics of atomic-force-microscopes (AFM) is presented. Analyzing sensitivity vector fields is a novel approach to determine simultaneous parameter variations of the system very accurately by exploiting the geometric features of observed chaotic dynamics. In certain operating condition, higher modes change the system dynamics significantly. Hence, higher order modes cannot be neglected. The paper demonstrates the accuracy of the SVF approach as applied to a multimode AFM model where mode shapes vary due to multiple variations of parameters.
Oxygen Consumption and Tension of Isolated Heart Muscle During Rest and Activity Using a New Technic

A new method is described by which the relationship between length, tension, rate of contraction and oxygen consumption can be studied in masses of cardiac tissues weighing as little as 2 mg. (dry weight). The results presented suggest that satisfactory physiologic conditions prevail.
MR imaging of brachial plexopathy in neurolymphomatosis.

N eurolymphomatosis (NL) is a rare manifestation of lymphoma in which peripheral nerve involvement is a dominant feature, both clinically and pathologically. NL may occur in isolation or may be associated with systemic or primary CNS lymphoma [1]. Most cases of NL were reported before the advent of MR imaging. and as a result descriptions of its appearance on MR images are scarce. We describe a case of ML with bilateral brachial plexus involvement and discuss the MR imaging findings.
A Large Whale Heart

A large whale heart weighing 256 pounds (116 Kg.) was dissected. The coronary arteries had extremely large right and left marginal branches, which supplied the major lateral mass of the right and left ventricles. The venous system was similar to other mammals. Crude ventricular volume and cardiac output was calculated to be 453 L. per minute based on a rate of 10 per minute. The size of the cardiac muscle fiber was similar to the human myocardium except in a fetal whale heart (wt. 1,600 Gm.) in which very small fibers were found. The aorta was found to be 20 cm. in diameter and the wall to consist of very large interwoven bundles of elastie tissue and fibrous tissue apparently devoid of muscle. There was no evidence of arteriosclerosis. Comparative estimated cardiac output/body weight ratios and heart weight/body weight ratios were made between the whale and the human.
Measurement of the upper critical magnetic field of superconductors with magnetic impurities

We have measured the upper critical magnetic field, ${H}_{c2}(T)$, for In-Mn and Pb-Mn films, in which the Mn is a magnetic impurity. The results are compared with the additive-pair-breaking theory of Fulde and Maki, which predicts that the pair-breaking effect of the magnetic impurities is temperature-independent and that the pair-breaking effects of the magnetic impurities and of the applied magnetic field are additive. Furthermore, the theory predicts the explicit temperature dependence of ${H}_{c2}(T)$ The results indicate that the temperature dependence of ${H}_{c2}$ is well described by the Fulde-Maki theory for In-Mn, but not for Pb-Mn, probably because of the strong-electron-phonon coupling in Pb. For both In-Mn and Pb-Mn, the results indicate that the pair-breaking effect of the magnetic impurities is temperature independent, and that the pair-breaking effects of the magnetic impurities and the applied magnetic field are additive, so the concepts inherent in the Fulde-Maki theory are supported. We find no evidence in the data of the Kondo effect or of impurity spin alignment.
Comparison of theoretical derivations, simple linear regressions, multiple linear regression and principal components for analysis of fish mortality, growth and environmental temperature data

Natural mortality of fish populations is difficult to estimate, and parameters for growth and environmental temperature, which are easier to estimate, have been applied to predict fish natural mortality using multiple linear regression. There are theoretical relations among all of the variables applied in the multiple linear regression, and there is high multicollinearity; the results of the multiple regression differ considerably from the theoretical relations among the variables. Simple linear regression results agree with the theoretical results but they are not as precise for prediction of mortality as multiple linear regression. A principal components analysis correctly identifies the important variables and the relations among variables but it is more complex than multiple linear regression and yet is not any more precise for predictions. A plot of the first two principal components separated the data into two groups: one was temperate water species and one was warmer water species. The analysis confirms the limitations and advantages of different data analysis methods. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unusual profiles in organotypic cultures of central nervous tissue.

Ultrastructural examination has revealed the existence of certain aberrant appearances common to both normal and experimental organotypic cultures of spinal cord and cerebellar tissue. Astrocytes frequently possessed cytoplasmic membranous whorls which originated as concentric arrays of smooth ER enclosing a portion of cytoplasm. The membranes forming these inclusions gradually became compacted and the central island of cytoplasm degenerated. The process of inclusion formation was analogous to autophagy. Giant mitochondria were found within astrocytes located deep in the explants and within neurons. Their presence in astrocytes was attributed to a decrease in oxygen tension and lower concentrations of nutrients in comparison to the surface strata of the tissue. Their size ranged between 4 and 8 μm. Another aberrant phenomenon occurringin vitro was the myelination of neuronal somata. This involved both granule cells and Purkinje cells in cerebellar explants and was rare in spinal cord tissue. Ependymal cells formed bizarre microcysts around chambers into which microvilli and cilia protruded. Comparison of the above findings with developing spinal cord tissue from kittens and previously reported works, has shown that phenomena similar to the above also occurin situ. Their higher frequencyin vitro might be a feature of the tissue culture environment.
Proximity sensing suit for the visually impaired

This paper addresses a product design to aid the visually impaired. It is intended to be used as a secondary device to the traditional long white cane. It implements ultrasonic backup sensor technology found in modern day automobiles to detect obstructions that can not be detected by the cane. The device is worn over the body and alerts the user of an obstruction through vibrations. This allows the user to have full use of his/her hand and allows the user to retain the ability to listen to his/her surroundings.
A simulation-based approach for inventory modeling of perishable pharmaceuticals

Pharmaceutical expenditures are increasing for hospital systems nationwide. We model the inventory and ordering policies for perishable drugs in the setting of an inpatient hospital pharmacy. We consider two stages of inventory: raw material and finished good (e.g. intravenous). We use a two-phased approach to explore policy structures that could be implemented in the hospital pharmacy. We develop a policy which is based on the idea that hospitals can improve both costs and patient demand fulfillment by using knowledge of patient mix to guide their drug inventory and preparation decisions. We compare this policy to a simpler stationary base stock policy. The policies are evaluated on the basis of (1) shortage cost, (2) outdating cost (expirations), and (3) holding cost through a range of cost scenarios.
Drug Disposition in the Late Preterm (“Near-Term”) Newborn

Late preterm newborns often require treatment with potent drugs. Drug disposition is inadequately studied in this population, but when studied it is usually immature compared with that of term newborns. This immaturity reflects biologic immaturity and can be analyzed systematically according to the principal steps in pharmacokinetics: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. When studied developmentally, drug disposition often does not mature linearly with age, nor necessarily in predictable or generalizable patterns. Instead, more detailed study of specific pathways of drug disposition is needed in the late preterm newborn to support safe and effective drug therapy.