cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Matching of STEM Degree Holders with STEM Occupations in Large Metropolitan Labor Markets in the United States.

abstractWorkers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) are vital for regional and national prosperity. Not every person with STEM qualifications, however, finds employment in a STEM job. This article analyzes the geography of this matching between STEM degree holders and certain types of STEM occupations across large metropolitan labor markets in the United States. We find that although labor-market size has no effect, living in denser STEM labor markets elevates the probabilities of matching; having an advanced degree enhances this effect. Women are also far less likely to be matched than men; being black or Latino additionally lowers the chances of matching. Combining spatial effects with individual attributes increases probabilities of matching in places with high concentrations of STEM jobs for women, racial minorities, and the foreign born, but these advantages are often the same for white, native-born men. In denser STEM labor markets the job-matching advantage spans the labor p...
An Epistemology of Conscious, Self-Guided Evolution

The key task of this work is to propose an approach to conscious, self-guided evolution. The task is absolutely not to propose a particular evolutionary future, but rather a possible approach to creating our evolutionary future. Developing an evolutionary epistemology requires the exploration of evolutionary knowledge, the acquisition of evolutionary thinking, and the attainment of evolutionary consciousness. The material presented in the previous chapters aimed to create evolutionary knowledge. In addition, completing the activities in those chapters enabled you to acquire evolutionary thinking and gain evolutionary consciousness. The work we have accomplished heretofore has also generated an acceptance of the idea of transcending the existing evolutionary state and engaging in conscious, self-guided evolution.
Distribution and molecular type of Salmonella from external environment in Henan province

Objective To understand the distribution of Salmonella in external environment in Henan province, and explore the distribution of different serotypes of the Salmonella and their homology. Methods A total of 4 488 samples were collected form animal dung, meat products and kitchen utensils, and identified by biochemical tests and serotyped by serum agglutination reaction. The predominant serotypes were further typed by PFGE. Results A total of 324 Salmonella strains were detected in these samples, the detection rate was 7.21%. The 324 Salmonella isolates belonged to 39 serotypes, S. enteritidis (24.07%, 78/324) and S. derby (20.37%, 66/324) were predominant. Forty six strains of S. enteritidis and 30 strains of S. derby were divided into 12 and 17 molecular patterns by digestion with Xba Ⅰ, while chicken and swine were the predominant animal hosts. Conclusions Serotyping of external environment Salmonella were phenotypically diverse and the serotype of Salmonella from different sources were different. The same clone was prevalent in same area. It is necessary to strengthen supervision and surveillance to ensure food safety. Key words: Salmonella; External environment; Serotype; Pulsed field gel electrophoresis; Molecular typing
Politics and Foreign Policy in the Age of George I, 1714–1727. By Jeremy Black. (Farnham, United Kingdom: Ashgate, 2014. Pp. xiii, 279. $119.95.)

The author of this book, the most productive and consequential student of British diplomatic history during the long eighteenth century, and arguably—with his magisterial study of George III—the le...
Introduction to Blood Cell Disorders

Many drugs besides psychotropic medications are associated with hematologic abnormalities. One or more cell lines may be affected depending on the drug and its mechanism of action. Drug-induced blood dyscrasias occur infrequently other than when associated with chemotherapy. The exact incidence varies with each medication.
Static and dynamic properties of arcs near plane surfaces

The static properties of an arc near a plane surface have been analyzed by extending Maecker's method to bi-cylindrical coordinates. A direct numerical solution was also carried out. The general method of Phillips was then used to predict the transient properties. Experimental data was taken on the static and dynamic properties of arcs burning near dry and wet surfaces. Agreement with theory was much better for dry surfaces, suggesting that humidity in the arc greatly affects the static and dynamic properties.
Conditional cooperators: student prosocial dispositions and their perceptions of the classroom social environment

A common problem in education is getting students to cooperate effectively in groups during learning. Because interdisciplinary research has established that cooperation is sensitive to specific contextual factors such as reciprocity, friendship and benefit, similar factors could be shaping student interactions in contemporary classroom environments. The present article reports an initial investigation of this idea by examining how student perceptions of their classroom environment relate to their willingness to expend energy and resources on classmates (through helping). This was accomplished through the structural equation modeling of survey data collected from 845 undergraduate life sciences students from 41 laboratory classrooms at a research-intensive university. Characteristics of the classroom social environment previously associated with benefits in other contexts also predicted (reciprocity β = 0.576; friendship β = 0.156) the educational benefit that students perceive as coming from their classmates. This perceived benefit in turn was highly associated (β = 0.605) with student willingness to expend resources on classmates (i.e. their prosocial disposition). Also both reciprocity (β = 0.298) and perceived benefit (β = 0.403) concurrently predict a student’s support for enforcing cooperation in the classroom. Potential insights into the contribution of classroom social environment to student dispositions towards cooperation are discussed.
Switchable Photoacoustic Intensity of Methylene Blue via Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Micellization.

The interaction between methylene blue (MB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) has been widely studied spectroscopically, but details about their interactions remain unclear. Here, we combined photoacoustic (PA) imaging with nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and spectroscopy to further elucidate this interaction. PA imaging of 0.05 mM MB showed a 492-fold increase in intensity upon the addition of 3.47 mM SDS. Higher concentrations above SDS’s critical micelle concentration (CMC) at 8.67 mM decreased the PA intensity by 54 times. Relative quantum yield measurements indicated that PA intensity increased as a result of fluorescence quenching. Meanwhile, NTA indicated an increased number of nonmicellar MB/SDS clusters at SDS concentrations below the CMC varying in size from 80 to 400 nm as well as a decreased number above the CMC. This trend suggested that MB/SDS clusters are responsible for the PA intensity enhancement. Comparison of PA intensities and spectral shifts with MB/hexadecyltrimethylammonium bro...
Jack of All, Master of Some: The Contingent Effect of Knowledge Breadth on Innovation

This study investigates how individuals’ knowledge structure affects their new product ideation outcome. Because individuals who possess diverse knowledge can potentially create more novel recombination, broad knowledge has been touted as the key driver of innovation. Yet, a shallow grasp of a wide array of knowledge might be sufficient to generate novel ideas but are insufficient to produce innovative ideas that should also be useful and economically feasible. Deep knowledge complements broad knowledge by aiding individuals to effectively combine diverse set of knowledge and to identify constraints of potential solutions. Consequently, individuals with both broad and deep knowledge are expected to outperform those who only possess broad knowledge in innovation tasks. Our findings in a new product idea crowdsourcing community are consistent with our predictions: knowledge breadth feeds into novelty of ideas, but its effect on usefulness and innovativeness of ideas is contingent on the presence of deep knowledge.
An Energy-Optimal Warm-Up Strategy for Li-Ion Batteries and Its Approximations

The resistance of lithium-ion cells increases at subzero temperatures reducing the cells’ power availability. One way to improve a cell’s performance in these adverse operation conditions is to proactively heat them. This paper considers the scenario in which a cell is heated from both inside and outside; a current is drawn from the cell to power a convective heater and Joule heating warms the cell from inside. A method to derive the time-limited energy-optimal current policy is presented, analyzed, and numerically solved. It is proven that the optimal current policy is a sequence of constant voltage, constant current, and rest phases. Using this observation, two rule-based approximations of the optimal solution are presented and their relative performance is compared to conclude that the inclusion of the rest phase has the potential to decrease energy consumption by ~9%. To build and compare these approximations, new tools related to the estimation of the time-limited backward reachable set of nonlinear systems are presented.
Nano-SiO2 contribution to mechanical, durability, fresh and microstructural characteristics of concrete: A review

Abstract Long-term durability of concrete has been of interest for researchers in past decades, and throughout their numerous research endeavors, they have tried to improve durability with the application of different methods. One technique is the integration of a new material into the concrete. One material that has attracted great attention of researchers is nano-SiO2 (NS). Its considerable performance in the enhancement of durability properties of concrete and mortar provides reasonable specifications satisfaction for scholars. In this paper, important durability characteristics of concrete, including the chloride ion penetration, electrical resistivity, water penetration, water absorption, the pore size distribution, the carbonation, the sulfate resistance, frost resistance, shrinkage, and thermal properties were explored. Additionally, the effects on the microstructure of concrete and mortar in the previous studies were discussed. Mechanical properties, such as compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, and abrasion resistivity were also investigated in the past and most recent papers.
Virtualization services: scalable methods for virtualizing multicore systems

Multi-core technology is bringing parallel processing capabilities from servers to laptops and even handheld devices. At the same time, platform support for system virtualization is making it easier to consolidate server and client resources, when and as needed by applications. This consolidation is achieved by dynamically mapping the virtual machines on which applications run to underlying physical machines and their processing cores. Low cost processor and I/O virtualization methods efficiently scaled to different numbers of processing cores and I/O devices are key enablers of such consolidation. This dissertation develops and evaluates new methods for scaling virtualization functionality to multi-core and future many-core systems. Specifically, it re-architects virtualization functionality to improve scalability and better exploit multi-core system resources. Results from this work include a self-virtualized I/O abstraction, which virtualizes I/O so as to flexibly use different platforms' processing and I/O resources. Flexibility affords improved performance and resource usage and most importantly, better scalability than that offered by current I/O virtualization solutions. Further, by describing system virtualization as a service provided to virtual machines and the underlying computing platform, this service can be enhanced to provide new and innovative functionality. For example, a virtual device may provide obfuscated data to guest operating systems to maintain data privacy; it could mask differences in device APIs or properties to deal with heterogeneous underlying resources; or it could control access to data based on the "trust" properties of the guest VM. This thesis demonstrates that extended virtualization services are superior to existing operating system or user-level implementations of such functionality, for multiple reasons. First, this solution technique makes more efficient use of key performance-limiting resource in multi-core systems, which are memory and I/O bandwidth. Second, this solution technique better exploits the parallelism inherent in multi-core architectures and exhibits good scalability properties, in part because at the hypervisor level, there is greater control in precisely which and how resources are used to realize extended virtualization services. Improved control over resource usage makes it possible to provide value-added functionalities for both guest VMs and the platform. Specific instances of virtualization services described in this thesis are the network virtualization service that exploits heterogeneous processing cores, a storage virtualization service that provides location transparent access to block devices by extending the functionality provided by network virtualization service, a multimedia virtualization service that allows efficient media device sharing based on semantic information, and an object-based storage service with enhanced access control.
The Nature of the Psychotic Experience and Its Implications for the Therapeutic Process

Effective psychotherapy with schizophrenic patients requires an extensive understanding of the nature of the psychotic process. In our research, we have tried to gain some understanding of the psychotic experience by studying how psychotic patients think about people, and how they interact. We have attempted to investigate the concept of the object (or object representations) in psychosis. In this paper we shall summarize briefly our research findings about the nature of the object world in psychosis and consider in detail the implications of these findings for understanding the psychotic experience and the therapeutic process with schizophrenic patients.
Fully Correlated Wavefunctions for Three- and Four-Body Systems

Abstract There is particular value in having wavefunctions for few-body systems that are compact but nevertheless have the features needed to capture the essence of the correlation effects. These desiderata are inherently in conflict and cannot be simultaneously reconciled when the wavefunction is described in terms of orbitals. However, explicit use of the interparticle distances leads to more efficient expansions; when all these distances are included as exponentials it is found that the expansions converge extremely rapidly, but only when the nonlinear parameters occurring therein are very carefully optimized. The present contribution reports the use of such expansions. For typical three-body systems (the He isoelectric series), with wavefunctions containing four terms (configurations), ground-state energies are obtained with errors between 32 and 38 microhartrees, and other properties, including those arising entirely from electron correlation, are given with very small errors. For a four-body system (the Li atom), a four-term wavefunction yields a ground-state energy within 350 microhartrees of the correct value.
Initial clinical experience with the FlexPoint Steerable Transseptal Needle in left-sided structural heart procedures

Objectives The purpose of this study is to describe the initial clinical experience with a steerable transseptal needle (STSN) for left-sided structural heart procedures. Background Targeted transseptal (TS) puncture is required for many structural heart procedures, and the use of a steerable needle has not previously been described. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing structural heart interventions with targeted TS puncture under transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) and fluoroscopic guidance were studied. The STSN was used in all patients with a standard commercial TS sheath. Deflection of the needle was performed "real time" to achieve localization of the TS puncture site. Results Twenty-seven patients underwent STSN puncture of the interatrial septum. In all cases, the needle could be deflected in vivo to achieve optimal tenting and localization of the puncture site without having to remove or reshape the needle. The needle was deflected to match a wide range of right atrial diameters (width 4.3 ± 0.9 cm and length 6.0 ± 0.9 cm in the 4-chamber view). In two patients with prior mitral valve surgery and a fibrotic septum, assisted crossing was achieved using the piercing stylet in one patient, and Bovie energy in the other. There were no procedural complications, and all patients had successful completion of the intended structural heart procedure. Conclusions The STSN needle can be used to target the intended puncture location on the interatrial septum with real-time adjustable deflection without the need to remove and reshape the needle. In all cases crossing was successful and there were no complications.
Factors Associated With Prolonged Survival in Left Ventricular Assist Device Recipients.

Background Limited data exist on factors predicting prolonged survival in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) recipients. We sought to identify patient characteristics and complications associated with prolonged survival. Methods We conducted retrospective review of the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) database, including primary continuous-flow LVAD recipients, between May 2012 and March 2013. Patients were identified as having survived with a device in place after 3 years or not, conditional on having initially survived 6 months. Patients who received a transplant, underwent explant due to recovery, or were lost to follow-up before 3 years were excluded. Multivariate logistic regression evaluated perioperative factors and adverse events within 6 months associated with long survival. Results Of 1,116 patients who survived past the initial 6 months, 725 (65%) survived beyond 3 years. On univariate analysis, long-term survivors were significantly younger, were less likely to be white, supported for destination therapy, have diabetes, solid-organ cancer, or take amiodarone. On multivariate analysis, factors associated with increased odds of death at 3 years included diabetes, amiodarone use, and developing stroke, gastrointestinal bleeding, hemolysis, or pump thrombosis within 6 months of implantation. Conclusions Preoperative diabetes and amiodarone use were associated with poor long-term survival in LVAD recipients. Development of early complications of stroke, gastrointestinal bleeding, hemolysis, or pump thrombosis was also associated with poor long-term survival. Early diagnosis and treatment of these complications may improve survival in LVAD recipients.
The Indonesian killings of 1965–1966: the case of Central Java

ABSTRACTThe mass killings of 1965–1966 in Indonesia marked a watershed in its history. The consensus estimate of lives lost is 500,000. In this paper, demographic and geographic methods are used to...
Medicaid at Forty

This article examines Medicaid's evolution over the last four decades in its role as a health insurer for low-income families, a source of health and long-term care (LTC) coverage for people with disabilities, and as the supplement to Medicare for low-income aged and disabled Medicare beneficiaries. Medicaid's role and impact on each of these beneficiary groups is assessed.
Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy to Reduce Wound Complications after Abdominoperineal Resection.

Introduction Abdominoperineal resection is associated with a high rate of wound complications. A high degree of wound tension, a common contributor to wound breakdown and complications, may be mitigated by incisional negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT). Although NPWT has been shown to reduce complications associated with open and complex wounds, there is a paucity of data regarding its prophylactic use for incisional wounds. Objective To determine the effect of NPWT use on surgical wound complications of abdominoperineal resection for malignancy. Methods We performed a systematic review by querying the PubMed database for studies from 1990 to 2019 and included English-language studies that used incisional NPWT for closed wounds from abdominoperineal resection in malignancy cases. Results Five studies with a total of 76 patients were included. Their findings showed reduced rates of surgical site complications with the use of incisional NPWT. Another 2 studies describing the use of prophylactic NPWT to expedite secondary closure of the surgical wound followed by incisional wound therapy were separately categorized and included 8 patients, none of whom experienced wound wound complications. Discussion Additional, prospective research is needed to confirm the benefit of prophylactic incisional NPWT.
Parameter-dependent shift from rational to irrational decisions in mice

In the classical view of economic choices, subjects make rational decisions evaluating the costs and benefits of options in order to maximize their overall income. Nonetheless, subjects often fail to reach optimal outcomes. The overt value of an option drives the direction of decisions, but covert factors such as emotion and sunk cost are thought to drive the observed deviations from optimality. Many questions remain to be answered as to 1) which contexts contribute the most to deviation from an optimal solution; and 2) the extent of these effects. In order to tackle these questions, we devised a decision-making task for mice, in which cost and benefit parameters could be independently and flexibly adjusted and for which a tractable optimal solution was known. Comparing mouse behavior with this optimal solution across parameter settings revealed that the factor most strongly contributing to suboptimality was the cost parameter. The quantification of sunk cost, a covert factor implicated in our task design, revealed it as another contributor to suboptimality. In one condition where the large reward option was particularly unattractive and the small reward cost was low, the sunk cost effect and the cost-led suboptimality almost vanished. In this regime and this regime only, mice could be viewed as close to rational. Taken together, our findings support a model whereby parallel neural circuits independently activate and modulate multiple valuation algorithms, and suggest that "rationality" is a task-specific construct even in mice.
Machine learning model to project the impact of COVID-19 on US motor gasoline demand

Owing to the global lockdowns that resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic, fuel demand plummeted and the price of oil futures went negative in April 2020. Robust fuel demand projections are crucial to economic and energy planning and policy discussions. Here we incorporate pandemic projections and people’s resulting travel and trip activities and fuel usage in a machine-learning-based model to project the US medium-term gasoline demand and study the impact of government intervention. We found that under the reference infection scenario, the US gasoline demand grows slowly after a quick rebound in May, and is unlikely to fully recover prior to October 2020. Under the reference and pessimistic scenario, continual lockdown (no reopening) could worsen the motor gasoline demand temporarily, but it helps the demand recover to a normal level quicker. Under the optimistic infection scenario, gasoline demand will recover close to the non-pandemic level by October 2020. The COVID 19 pandemic and consequent lockdown has had a substantial impact on mobility and therefore fuel demand and it is not clear when demand will recover. Ou et al. use a machine learning model that integrates health recovery scenarios to project the near-term future of gasoline demand.
Hypocalcemia prevention and management after thyroidectomy in children: A systematic review.

Abstract Introduction Hypocalcemia is the most common complication following thyroidectomy in children. Guidelines to manage post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia are available for adults, but not children. The objective of this review was to identify practices related to hypocalcemia prevention and management in pediatric patients. Methods We identified studies examining the prevention and management of hypocalcemia in pediatric patients post-thyroidectomy within PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane databases. Three independent reviewers screened citations and reviewed full-text papers. Results A total of 15 studies were included, representing 1552 patients. The overall study quality was weak with lack of randomization and inconsistent outcome reporting. The pooled incidence of hypocalcemia from the 15 studies was 35.5% for transient hypocalcemia and 4.2% for permanent hypocalcemia. All studies discussed post-operative hypocalcemia treatment, with most patients requiring admission for intra-venous calcium therapy. One study described a protocol discharging asymptomatic patients on calcitriol and calcium. Three studies discussed preoperative calcium supplementation in patients at risk of hypocalcemia. No studies examined routine use of calcium and/or vitamin D supplementation to prevent post-operative hypocalcemia. Conclusion A significant number of children undergoing thyroidectomy develop hypocalcemia. Despite this high incidence, our systematic review demonstrates significant practice variation surrounding post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia prevention and management in children. Level of Evidence III (systematic review of studies of which some were case–control studies (III) and some were case series (IV)).
Dams are coming down, but not always by choice: the geography of Texas dams, dam failures, and dam removals

This study examines spatial and temporal trends in Texas dams, dam failures, and dam removals. Dams were examined from a state-wide perspective and within 10 major river basins that collectively account for over 80% of all dams in the state. The state-scale and basin-scale analysis revealed similar patterns of dam occurrence, however there was greater variation in the patterns observed in both the purpose of dams and the timing for when most of the storage was created in each basin. Climate factors, mainly precipitation, influenced dam location. Population was not directly measured in this study but was an obvious influence on the spatial distribution of dams and their functions. While new dams are being built in Texas to secure future water supplies, documented dam incidents/failures have occurred in 15 of the 23 major river basins in Texas, with 328 total instances occurring since 1900. As the number of newly constructed dams and dam failures continue to grow across the state, so should the number of planned dam removals. Between 1983 and 2016, 50 dams have been removed across the state. The purpose for the majority of removals was to eliminate liability concerns associated with aging dams. Future dam removals will likely continue to occur based on the number of older, smaller dams with potential liability concerns. As Texas’ dam infrastructure continues to age, dam removal is a practical management option for mitigating potential dam-related hazards and improving the connectivity and ecological function of the river systems. Citation: Dascher ED, Meitzen K. 2020. Dams are coming down, but not always by choice: the geograph of Texas dams, dam failures, and dam removals. Texas Water Journal. 11(1):89-129. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v11i1.7092.
Modernity’s Fears of Depopulation and Sterility in Mario Sironi’s Urban Landscapes

This article focuses on Fascist artist Mario Sironi’s urban landscapes as a site of modernity and its contradictions. With their gloomy buildings and deserted streets, Sironi’s landscapes highlight...
Quality of Life and Concurrent Procedures in Truncal Body Contouring Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Body contouring procedures provide patients with a meaningful improvement in health-related quality of life (QoL). We aim to compare the difference between the QoL in patients undergoing a single post-bariatric abdominal body contouring procedure (BCP) and those undergoing two or more concurrent procedures. Patients evaluated for post-bariatric BCP were identified and administered the BODY-Q©. Patient demographics, clinical and operative characteristics, surgical outcomes, cost data, and absolute change in QoL scores were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square, and Mann–Whitney U-test, between patients who underwent single (SP), double (DP), or triple (TP) concurrent procedures. A total of 45 patients were included. The median age was 52 years old ([IQR] ± 13). The majority were female (71.1%) and African-American (55.5%). The most common single procedure was panniculectomy (75%). Surgical site occurrences, readmissions, and the complication composite outcome did not differ between groups (p>0.05). No difference was seen between SP and DP QoL score (p>0.05). The DP had a statistically lower net QoL score compared with TP cohort in four domains. The SP had a statistically lower net QoL score compared with the TP in three domains. Average total cost for patients receiving an SP was $8,048.44, compared with $19,063.94 for DP (p 0.05). Body contouring procedures are associated with improvements in QoL irrespective of the number of concurrent procedures. Further improvement in psychological well-being occurs for patients who proceed with double concurrent procedures, albeit with an increase in cost. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Aortic valve endocarditis by Actinomyces odontolyticus and Gemella morbillorum oral pathogens

A 56-year-old female with a history of poor dental hygiene and aortic insufficiency status post aortic valve replacement in 2015 presented with chest pain and fevers. She was found to have portal vein thrombosis, colitis, and infective endocarditis with aortic valve thickening. Blood cultures were positive for Actinomyces odontolyticus and Gemella morbillorum. Transesophageal echocardiogram was positive for aortic root thickening. Patient was treated with ceftriaxone and apixaban with full recovery.
Screening experiment of mung bean varieties for intercropping with sugarcane and citrus

【Objective】Mung bean varieties(lines) suitable for intercropping with sugarcane and citrus were screened in order to provide references for intercropping production. 【Method】Screening experiments were conducted using eleven mung bean varieties(lines) intercropped with sugarcane and five intercropped with citrus to investigate the phenological phase, agronomic traits and yield traits. 【Result】AU tested mung bean varieties(lines) were early mature, dwarf varieties with big pods. Jing L011 was Vigna radiata(Linn.) Wilczek, while all the other cultivars were Ming mung bean. Among them, Zhonglu5, the local variety of Daxin(CK) and Zhonglu1 were the ideal varieties intercropping with sugarcane. These three varieties presented more pods per plant, large grain, high grain yield and elite commodity appearance. Two of the five mung bean varieties(lines) intercropping with citrus, Zhonglu1 and F8, were found early-maturing, suitable height,more branches and pods per plant, large grain and high grain yield. 【Conclusion】Zhonglu5, CK and Zhonglu1 were suitable varieties(lines) for intercropping with sugarcane. Zhonglu1 and F8were proper varieties(lines) for intercropping with citrus.
CLONE: Collaborative Learning on the Edges

The proliferation of edge computing technologies has boosted the development of new applications for a plethora of edge devices. However, many applications face privacy issues and bandwidth limitations. To solve these limitations, we propose a collaborative learning framework on the edges, named CLONE, which is steered by the real-world data sets collected from a large electric vehicle (EV) company and a grocery store of a shopping mall, respectively. We categorize two application scenarios for CLONE, i.e., CLONE in the training stage (CLONE_ training ) and CLONE in the inference stage (CLONE_ inference ). As to CLONE_ training , we choose the failure prediction of EV battery and associated components as the first use case. While as for CLONE_ inference , customer tracking in a grocery store is selected as another case study. In this work, the goal of the CLONE is to support real-time training and inference for connected vehicles and marketing intelligence services. Our experimental results on the EV data show that CLONE is able to reduce model training time without sacrificing algorithm performance. Furthermore, the experimental results on the video data from the grocery store reveal that CLONE is a useful approach to solve the multitarget multicamera tracking problem in a collaborative fashion.
Early Adverse Experiences and Repeated Wheezing From 6 to 30 Months of Age: Investigating the Roles of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Functioning, Child Sex, and Caregiving Sensitivity.

This study examined associations among early adversity, diurnal cortisol, child sex, and caregiver sensitivity at age 6 months in relation to wheezing in children (47% male) followed to 30 months. Analyses included 676 mother-child dyads, 393 of whom completed an observational caregiver sensitivity measure. Participants were primarily ethnic minorities (42.7% Black, 25.4% Hispanic); 22.1% of children had ≥ 1 wheezing episode. Higher adversity was associated with increased wheeze frequency and blunted diurnal cortisol slope. The indirect effect of adversity on wheezing through cortisol slope was significant for females, but not males. Higher caregiver sensitivity was protective against wheezing for males, but not females, with high cortisol. Findings suggest complex associations among adversity, cortisol, child sex, and caregiver sensitivity in predicting wheezing.
Feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a cancer survivorship care delivery intervention.

19Background: A large and rapidly increasing number of US cancer survivors who have completed active treatment continue to seek oncology care. Low-risk survivors who continue to seek oncology care ...
The effect of nearly steady shock waves in ramp compression experiments

The iterative Lagrangian analysis (ILA) applied to free-surface velocity measurements of ramp-compressed samples is an established technique to determine the stress-density response of materials up to 50 Mbar pressures. In this work, we examine the accuracy of the ILA of ramp compression profiles with multiple shock waves present through the analysis of simulated compression profiles. The results presented indicate that ramp-compression data with weak shock waves can be analyzed using the ILA to quantitatively measure the absolute stress and density along the compression path.
How) do taxes affect capital structure

Ignoring the cost of debt in firms’ financing decisions leads to an overstatement of the effect of taxes. Separately identifying the impact of the cost of debt, I find the effect of taxes on firms’ overall debt usage to be insignificant. Rather than influencing the total debt in firms’ capital structure, taxes affect the relative composition of debt. Firms shift from private intermediated debt to public bond debt in response to increases in marginal tax rates. Firms’ debt policy is most sensitive to tax rates in high interest rate environments.
Alternating Copolymerizations of Polar and Nonpolar Cyclic Olefins by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization

The results from copolymerizations of polar 2,3-difunctionalized 7-oxanorbornene derivatives with a series of nonpolar cyclic olefinscyclooctene, cyclooctadiene, cyclopentene, and norborneneusing catalysts RuCl2(CHPh)(PCy3)2 (1) and its mono-1,3-dimesitylimidazolidine-2-ylidene derivative (2) are reported. The resulting polymer microstructures have been analyzed by 1H, 13C, and 1H−1H COSY NMR spectroscopies. Highly alternating structures were observed for the copolymerizations of endo-N-ethyl-7-oxanorbornene-2,3-dicarboxylimide (endo-3), exo,exo-7-oxanorbornene-2,3-dimethylester (exo-4), or exo-7-oxanorbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride (exo-5) with cyclooctene using catalyst 1. The rates of homopolymerizations of endo-3, exo-5, and cyclooctene were determined. Comparison with the rate of the copolymerization of endo-3 with cyclooctene reveals a rate faster than the homopolymerization of endo-3 but slower than the homopolymerization of cyclooctene. The rate of the copolymerization of exo-5 with cycloocten...
Development of a massively-parallel, biological circuit simulator

Genetic expression and control pathways can be successfully modeled as electrical circuits. Given the vast quantity of genomic data, very large and complex genetic circuits can be constructed. To tackle such problems, the massively-parallel, electronic circuit simulator, Xyce/sup /spl trade//, is being adapted to address biological problems. Unique to this biocircuit simulator is the ability to simulate not just one or a set of genetic circuits in a cell, but many cells and their internal circuits interacting through a common environment. Currently, electric circuit analogs for common biological and chemical machinery have been created. Using such analogs, one can construct expression, regulation and reaction networks. Individual species can be connected to other networks or cells via nondiffusive or diffusive channels (i.e. regions where species diffusion limits mass transport). Within any cell, a hierarchy of networks may exist operating at different time-scales to represent different aspects of cellular processes. Though under development, this simulator can model interesting biological and chemical systems. Prokaryotic genetic and metabolic regulatory circuits have been constructed and their interactions simulated for Escherichia coli's tryptophan biosynthesis pathway. Additionally, groups of cells each containing an internal reaction network and communicating via a diffusion limited environment can produce periodic concentration waves. Thus, this biological circuit simulator has the potential to explore large, complex systems and environmentally coupled problems.
Market fundamentalism, cultural fragmentation, post-modern skepticism, and the future of professional work

Professional work is being attacked by three separate but related forces that transcend easy categorization; market fundamentalism, the rigid belief that unfettered and unregulated free markets will deliver higher quality professional services at lower prices, cultural fragmentation resulting from globalization and the spread of easily available information, and post-modern skepticism reflected in criticisms of modernist scientific programs emanating from the academic left. Both market fundamentalism and post-modern skepticism look askance at professional attempts to tie the institutions of professional practice to widely held societal values and general well-being, and there is an intellectual affinity between their political programs that attack collective action in the name of championing the common good. Neither one has a practical program for average consumers and clients to navigate a fragmented, information-intensive, and threatening world. Professionals who exercise agency in response to these threats have a number of responses available to them as risk managers in a risk society, as trusted interpreters of information, as embodiments of values and ideology, and as embodiments of institutions and promoters of institutional change. The ability of professional groups to effectively construct these responses is not completely in their control but partly rests on the ability to adapt to cultural diversity and fragmentation and their ability to highlight the ahistorical and culturally damaging effects of unfettered globalized market competition. There are no guarantees dystopian futures pose a danger to the future of professional work and the clients and consumers who depend on them.
How different countries addressed the sudden growth of e-cigarettes in an online tobacco control community

Objective The sudden growth of e-cigarettes over the last decade has forced advocates and critics scrambling to bolster support for their respective sides. Bridging the divide in geographic barriers, social networking sites were an ideal meeting place for international activist communities, affording them the ability to organise events and discuss new topics in real time. This study examines how e-cigarettes are addressed in GLOBALink, an online international tobacco control community. We seek to discover if the pattern of activity in e-cigarette discussions changes over time. We are also interested in understanding the characteristics of sentiment toward e-cigarettes in discussion topics between countries with different network characteristics. Design Network analysis to explore the relationships between members from different countries, and sentiment analysis of messages and threads to identify patterns of how different countries address e-cigarette topics. Setting GLOBALink, an online international tobacco control community. Participants Network analysis based on GLOBALink members from 37 different countries. Sentiment analysis based on 853 posted messages, with over 1.4 million words. Outcome measures Network centrality measures in country interaction data, including degree, closeness and betweenness. Sentiment scores for each message, and differences between country scores. Results The network analysis found a core/periphery structure where central countries focused on active positive discussions pertaining to e-cigarettes, while isolated and peripheral countries posted negative topics without many responses. A qualitative examination of message topics suggests that general subjects elicit more interactions than those that are context specific. Conclusions E-cigarettes are a polarising topic that can be seen in how countries appear to discuss related topics with others who share the same opinions. More work is needed to help communities stay informed of current research, and diffuse objective information. Network and sentiment analyses offer a strong combination of methodologies that can help support such efforts.
Operating Systems Principles for Data Flow Networks

A deep look at contemporary operating systems finds data flow principles of value to computer networks large and small.
Comparison of bird and mammal communities on black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies and uncolonized shortgrass prairie in New Mexico

Black-tailed prairie dogs (BTPD; Cynomys ludovicianus) have often been labeled as keystone species because of their ability to strongly influence grassland ecosystems. I used line-transect surveys and distance sampling to compare breeding bird and mammal communities on shortgrass prairie occupied by BTPD colonies versus similar uncolonized habitat in New Mexico, and to identify species that were either strongly associated with, or that avoided, BTPD colonies. Overall, I detected 32 bird and 8 mammal species during three years. Mountain plover (Charadrius montanus), ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis), burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia), curve-billed thrasher (Toxostoma curvirostre), desert cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), and American badger (Taxidea taxus) were more abundant on, or at least strongly associated with, colonies, while long-billed curlew (Numenius americanus), horned lark (Eremophila alpestris), vesper sparrow (Poecetes gramineus), lark sparrow (Chondestes grammacus), Cassin's sparrow (Aimophila cassinii), and western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) were more abundant on, or strongly associated with, uncolonized prairie. Observed responses of several species differed from other studies suggesting that a species' response to BTPD activities may vary by location, grassland type, or season. Although BTPDs negatively impacted a suite of grassland bird species, biodiversity is maximized in this landscape by maintaining a mixture of colonized and uncolonized habitats.
Unsteady aerodynamics of fluttering and tumbling plates

We investigate the aerodynamics of freely falling plates in a quasi-two-dimensional flow at Reynolds number of , which is typical for a leaf or business card falling in air. We quantify the trajectories experimentally using high-speed digital video at sufficient resolution to determine the instantaneous plate accelerations and thus to deduce the instantaneous fluid forces. We compare the measurements with direct numerical solutions of the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equation. Using inviscid theory as a guide, we decompose the fluid forces into contributions due to acceleration, translation, and rotation of the plate. For both fluttering and tumbling we find that the fluid circulation is dominated by a rotational term proportional to the angular velocity of the plate, as opposed to the translational velocity for a glider with fixed angle of attack. We find that the torque on a freely falling plate is small, i.e. the torque is one to two orders of magnitude smaller than the torque on a glider with fixed angle of attack. Based on these results we revise the existing ODE models of freely falling plates. We get access to different kinds of dynamics by exploring the phase diagram spanned by the Reynolds number, the dimensionless moment of inertia, and the thickness-to-width ratio. In agreement with previous experiments, we find fluttering, tumbling, and apparently chaotic motion. We further investigate the dependence on initial conditions and find brief transients followed by periodic fluttering described by simple harmonics and tumbling with a pronounced period-two structure. Near the cusp-like turning points, the plates elevate, a feature which would be absent if the lift depended on the translational velocity alone.
Simple Route to Large-Scale Ordered Arrays of Liquid-Deposited Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotube (CNT) transistors, sensors, and field emitters have recently attracted much attention. However, it is difficult to form ordered submonolayer arrays of these molecular wires because of their high aspect ratio and strong inter-nanotube van der Waals interactions. A tractable procedure for the formation of horizontally aligned CNT arrays will assist in incorporating them into devices that can be mass produced. Such a method is described here. Large-scale, ordered arrays of CNTs were deposited at room temperature from aqueous suspensions onto silanized SiO2 surfaces. When these arrays were used as the source-drain channel for field-effect transistors, device performance showed a strong dependence on CNT orientation.
Patterns of attachment to organizations: Commitment profiles and work outcomes

Commitment profiles were studied with a sample of 572 hospital workers. Seven of the eight commitment profiles in Meyer and Herscovitch's (2001) typology emerged using K-means clustering including: highly committed, affective dominant, continuance dominant, affective-continuance dominant, affective-normative dominant, continuance-normative dominant, and uncommitted. Outcome variables included: turnover intentions, turnover, absenteeism, and person-organization value congruence. Results were consistent with prior findings in that normative commitment alone and in conjunction with continuance commitment enhanced the benefits of affective commitment. Turnover rates were much higher for poorly socialized employees suggesting that there is a self-corrective effect in which uncommitted employees are more likely to leave their organizations.