cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Making journal articles ‘live’: turning academic writing into scientific dialog

Web 2.0 services and social networking offer possibilities to transform academic publishing to facilitate scientific dialogue. We present ‘The Live Paper’ in this editorial as a concept to consider how to leverage existing web technologies to produce rich, omnidirectional, and interactive narratives on research. Following the format of a traditional research report we describe and discuss how to enrich research reports utilizing various types of analytical tools, data, and web services in a published paper embedded in evolving scientific discourse. We also consider how the live papers would influence the practice, culture, and economy of academic research. We conclude that geospatial researchers have an opportunity to lead this development towards richer and more open ways of communicating our findings. The technology and infrastructure to do so exist today, but several barriers remain.
Development and evaluation of a surrogate ankle for use with a rotational traction measurement apparatus

Biofidelic devices are used in the automobile industry to assess injury risk during a vehicular accident. Similar biofidelic devices may have broad applicability in the field of sports injury prevention and could be used to enhance player safety. Ankle sprains constitute one of the most common sports injuries. Past studies have suggested that high rotational traction at the shoe—surface interface may increase the likelihood of lower-extremity injury. Researchers have assessed this risk by measuring the peak torque during an applied rotation. On the other hand, ankle sprains may be dependent upon the amount of strain developed in the ankle ligaments during rotation of the foot—ankle complex and not the magnitude of torque. The current study quantifies the torsional stiffness of the human foot—ankle complex based on cadaver experiments. The development of a surrogate foot—ankle complex is then detailed and compared with the human response. Finally, the results of a rotational traction study on a couple of f...
Socially responsible behaviour: values and attitudes of the alternative trading organisation consumer

The purpose of this study was to examine whether consumers' intentions to purchase apparel products from an alternative trading organisation (ATO; an example of socially responsible consumer behaviour) could be explained by their societally‐centred values and attitudes, as well as attitudes more specifically related to purchasing. Data were collected with a nationwide mail survey of US consumers (n =344) randomly drawn from the stratified mailing list of one North American ATO. Theory‐based relationships, suggesting a hierarchical system of effects among values and atti‐tudes, were tested and supported with path analysis. Comparison of two different path models revealed that attitude towards the behaviour of purchasing apparel from the ATO was a better predictor of purchase behaviour than was attitude towards the apparel itself; however, the two concepts were determined to each contribute valuable information for understanding purchasing behaviour.
‘For Our Devotion and Pleasure’: The Sexual Objects of Jean, Duc de Berry

Jean, Duc de Berry (1340–1416), often seen as the first great ‘collector’ in Western art, is also described by some historians as a ‘homosexual’. This article examines the relationship between these two terms and the problematic historical evidence for the latter claim, exploring the duke’s desire for things, images and bodies in less categorical terms. The main argument is that we can best understand Jean’s sexual tastes from the artworks he commissioned and in which we know from contemporary accounts he took great personal delight. Reinterpretations are provided of some well-known images, such as the January page of the unfinished Tres Riches Heures (1416), where the patron is pictured at the centre of a ‘homosocial’ feast for the eyes. This manuscript, along with the marginal decoration of his Grandes Heures, suggests his enjoyment of beautiful youthful bodies in general and of androgyny in particular. However, this has to be viewed within the very different gender system of the late fourteenth century in which women, youths and children were literally objects of male control. Only in this sense can we begin to understand how the duke’s love of things intersected with his political position and power more generally. Rather than see his collecting in all its polymorphous perversity as a symptom of personal trauma, I want to view it as a socially creative and recuperative act that was part of the performance of a ruthless man of power.
New angiographic technique for measurement of instantaneous blood flow rates using distance-density curves

Accurate measurement of blood flow rates can provide a useful means for evaluation of functional significance of stenoses coronary flow reserve and changes in flow rates resulting from interventional procedures. However for pulsatile flow conditions blood flow rates determined by analysis of conventional time-density curves are unreliable. Therefore we are developing a new method based on an analysis of the distribution of contrast material along the length of the vessel i. e. the " distance-density" curve in digital subtraction angiographic (DSA) images. The distance that the contrast material travels during the time between two image acquisitions is determined by comparison of the two distance-density curves. The flow rate between the image acquisitions is calculated by multiplying this distance by the frame rate and the vessel crosssectional area which is estimated from the vessel size. Thus for high frame-rate acquisitions " instantaneous" blood floW rates can be determined. From angiograms obtained at 15 frames/see the instantaneous flow rates measured with our technique agreed with those measured with an electromagnetic method to within an average of 2. 3 cc/sec for pulsatilc llovv conditions with peak flow rates of up to 30 cc/see and average flow rates agreed to within an average of 11. 1.
CD56+ putative natural killer cell lymphomas: Production of cytolytic effectors and related proteins mediating tumor cell apoptosis?

Abstract Apoptosis is a regulated form of cell death that maybe triggered by natural killer (NK) or cytotoxic T cells, which effect target cell lysis by cytolytic effector and related proteins through complex intracellular signals. This study was aimed to investigate whether there is selective expression of these cytolytic markers in the putative NK cell lymphomas and whether there is correlation with zonal tumor cell death in these tumors. Expression of the cytolytic effectors perform, granzyme B9, and the granule membrane protein TIA1 were examined in 24 putative NKcell lymphomas, 18 postthymic T-cell lymphomas (one case CD8 + CD56 + and three anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL), three T-lymphoblastic lymphomas, and 20 B-cell lymphomas. Nineteen (79%) putative NKcell lymphomas expressed perforin, and all 24 cases expressed granzyme B9 and TIAL. The only CD8 + CD56 + postthymic T-cell lymphoma also expressed all three cytolytic markers, two CD8—ALCL expressed TIAl; other postthymic T-cell, T lymphoblastic, and B-cell lymphomas were consistently negative. There was strong correlation between percentage perform-positive cells and zonal tumor cell death. Angioinvasion, in contrast, was present only in a proportion (37%) of these lymphomas despite the frequent presence of zonal tumor cell death (71%). We propose that cytolytic effector and related proteins produced by putative NK and some CD8 + CD56 + postthymic T-cell lymphomas, probably in conjunction with other mechanisms, may effect massive tumor cell apoptosis. The frequent expression of cytolytic effector markers in the CD2 + surface CD3 − CD56 + putative NKcell lymphomas lends further support to their probable NK cell origin.
Systematic methodology for applying Mason's signal flow graph to analysis of feedback circuits

This paper introduces a systematic methodology for applying Mason's signal flow graph to the analysis of feedback circuits. We demonstrate that the relationships among signals of feedback circuits can be represented in a intuitive and graphical manner utilizing signal flow graphs. Once constructed, the desired solutions can be achieved by simple inspection of the signal flow graph. The Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits are utilized to model the loading effects of the feedback network in the example circuits presented.
Electrical properties of electrospun carbon nanofibers

Electrospun carbon nanofibers (ECNs) were prepared through stabilization and carbonization of electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers as the precursor, and their morphological, structural, and electrical properties were evaluated. Temperature dependencies of resistivity of ECNs carbonized at several temperatures were investigated. The character of the temperature dependencies of resistivity was typical for semiconducting materials. The values of corresponding activation energies were obtained for ECN samples carbonized at different temperatures, and the results showed that the activation energy of ECNs decreased with the increase of carbonization temperature.
The kinetics of V–J joining throughout 3.5 megabases of the mouse Igκ locus fit a constrained diffusion model of nuclear organization

To gain insight into the nuclear organization of the mouse Igκ locus and how it may relate to the formation of synapses during recombination, we have studied the kinetics of rearrangement of different Vκ gene families to Jκ gene segments in the pre-B cell line, 103bcl2. Remarkably, Vκ gene families separated by more than 3.5 Mb from Jκ gene segments rearranged with nearly identical kinetics to those as close as 18 kb to Jκ gene segments. These results fit a model of nuclear organization in which the entire VκJκ region resides within a single nuclear subcompartment and is capable of exhibiting multiple reversible contacts through diffusion and Brownian motion.
Spectrum and waveband assignment in elastic optical waveband networks

Elastic optical networks can increase spectral efficiency by assigning a variable amount of spectral resources to satisfy a traffic request, instead of the fixed amount of spectrum as allocated by current fixed grid optical networks. Waveband networks reduce the number of optical switch ports by aggregating lightpaths into a waveband, and switching them with a single waveband port. We formulate the waveband selection, spectrum allocation, and waveband assignment problem in an elastic optical waveband network that supports a fixed number of waveband sizes. We propose heuristics to select waveband sizes and study the effect of the number of waveband sizes on the number of optical switch ports. We also address the spectrum allocation and the waveband assignment problem in elastic waveband networks with no restrictions on the number of waveband sizes. We propose an auxiliary graph based heuristic and study the trade-offs between spectral usage and the number of optical switch ports. Additionally, we propose traffic ordering strategies and study their efficacy in reducing the number of optical ports and efficiently utilize the optical spectrum in a waveband network.
Frequency effects on fatigue crack growth behavior in a near-α titanium alloy

Abstract The loading frequency effects on elevated temperature fatigue crack growth behavior in a new near-α, β-processed titanium alloy were examined in both air and vacuum environments. The individual influences of environment and creep are identified in terms of both the macroscopic crack growth rates and detailed fractographic observations as a function of the applied ΔK. Results indicate the existence of two regions of transgranular crack growth: microstructurally sensitive and insensitive. The transition between these two regions was found to depend on the testing temperature. Lower frequencies promoted an increase in cleavage fracture while an addition of hold time at maximum load resulted in prior β grain boundary fracture attributed to creep damage. In addition, the transition to intergranular fracture at high ΔK was found to take place at higher frequencies in vacuum, yielding a higher crack growth rate than in air which is indicative of a faster, more widespread viscoplastic flow without the presence of oxidation. Closure measurements indicated a dominant influence of asperity-induced closure in non-oxidizing environments and at low values of applied ΔK.
Quantitation of circulating peripheral blood plasma cells and their relationship to disease activity in patients with multiple myeloma

Background. The analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells for plasma cells and B-cell surface light chain ratios may provide additional insight on the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma and predict disease activity. The goals of this study were to correlate these parameters with clinically determined disease activity and establish a cutoff value of circulating plasma cells that could be used in future clinical trials. Methods. Peripheral blood samples from 84 patients with monoclonal gammopathies were analyzed by an immunofluorescence, slide-based, labeling index (LI) technique for detection of plasma cells, the LI, and light chain ratios. These parameters were compared with disease activity. Results. Of the 84 patients studied, 27% had inactive and 73% had active disease. The mean number of plasma cells for patients with inactive disease was 0.61 × 106/l, compared with 139.6 × 106/l for patients with active disease (P < 0.001). The mean ratios of involved to uninvolved light chain percentages for patients with inactive and active disease were 1.6 and 9.2, respectively (P = 0.002). The absolute number of plasma cells better predicted disease activity than the light chain ratio. By use of a cutoff value of 3 × 106/l, 67% of patients with active disease were determined to have 3 × 106/l or more plasma cells, and 96% of those with inactive disease had less than 3 × 106/l plasma cells. Conclusions. These results suggest that detection of circulating plasma cells is a marker of disease activity in patients with plasma cell disorders and that an appropriate cutoff value is 3 × 106/l or more circulating plasma cells. Cancer 1993; 72:108–113.
Hippocampal unit responses to perforant path stimulation.

Hippocampal unit responses to perforant path stimulation were recorded in awake, freely moving rats, from chronically implanted microelectrodes. Some of the CA1-CA2 units studied had a 4–5 msec latency response to the stimulation. When a high frequency stimulation was used, this response became intermittent, probably due to dominance of local inhibitory processes. In addition, these units had a second, 8–12 msec latency response. This was augmented when a high frequency stimulation was used. Following blockade of the dentate gyrus by H2S inhalation the second response disappeared while the first one was not affected. These results suggest the possibility that the direct perforant path was activated to evoke a short latency response in CA1 units.
Changing Consumer Perceptions About Genetically Modified Food Products

Abstract Perceptions of college students about genetically modified (GM) food products and the role of agriculture and biotechnology in the environment were elicited. Perceptions were influenced bias in selection of information provided about environmental impacts of growing GM crop varieties. Information increased self-perceived level of knowledge among students and had unintended effects on perceptions of other crop production practices. Perceived risk associated with potential food product ingredients did not appear to influence frequency with which participants read food product labels.
Spermatocytic seminoma. I. Clinicopathologic study of six cases and review of the literature.

Six cases of spermatocytic seminoma are reported, and the literature on the subject is reviewed. This neoplasm occurs in elderly persons, is grossly characterized by a gelatinous appearance, and has distinctive microscopic characteristics. Its degree of differentiation is far greater than that exhibited by classical seminoma, a tumor from which it should be separated. It is exclusively limited to the testicle and is never associated with teratomatous elements. Claims that it has a less favorable prognosis than classical seminoma are refuted; instead it is shown that the reverse is probably true. The large majority of patients have been cured by orchiectomy, whether or not postoperative irradiation therapy had been administered.
Robustness of G protein changes in cocaine sensitization shown with immunoblotting

Daily cocaine administration has been shown to alter G proteins in mesolimbic nuclei, and these changes have been implicated in the initiation and expression of behavioral sensitization. To evaluate the robustness of changes in G proteins induced by daily cocaine treatments capable of producing behavioral sensitization, the levels of Gi1 alpha, Gi2 alpha, Go alpha, Gs alpha, and G beta protein were measured by immunoblotting at 1 hr after an acute injection of cocaine or saline given 1 or 14 days following the last injection of daily cocaine or saline. A significant decline in Gi1 alpha was seen in the nucleus accumbens at 14 days following daily cocaine administration regardless of whether they received an acute challenge with cocaine or saline 1 hr prior to decapitation. No alterations were observed in the ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra, dorsolateral striatum, or prefrontal cortex in the levels of Gi1 alpha, Gi2 alpha, or Go alpha. No change in G protein immunoreactivity was measured in the nucleus accumbens or ventral tegmental area of rats decapitated 1 hr after discontinuing daily cocaine. The possibility that a long-term change in Gi1 alpha in the nucleus accumbens may be related to cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization is discussed.
Doubling up and the erosion of social capital among very low income households

Priced out of the market and unable to access rental assistance, very low income households often rely on their social support networks to secure housing. In this study, we use housing career interviews to explore the pathways of 77 very low income families in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area in the United States. Doubling up with family and friends accounted for 30% (206) of the 683 non-institutional housing arrangements documented in the study. While living doubled-up, the participants in our study faced expectations of financial contributions and household labour, a lack of privacy and independence and crowded, often chaotic, living conditions. Doubling up was an emergency response to housing need for many low-income households in our study, but the erodent nature of this form of social capital suggests that it is as likely to exacerbate residential instability as it is to resolve it.
Theory of resonant ionization by broad-band radiation in the determination of isotopic abundances

We present a theory for resonant ionization by broad-band laser radiation with emphasis on the role of laser bandwidth. It is shown that under certain conditions, often encountered in experiments of this type, the amount of ionization will depend on an intricate interplay between atomic and radiation parameters. The theory is discussed in the context of an application to Sn, which enables us to provide quantitative comparison with recent experimental data.
Role of inhibition of gastric mucous secretion in the phenomenon of gastric mucosal injury by indomethacin.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the mechanism by which the therapeutic use of indomethacin is sometimes complicated by peptic ulceration. Mucous secretions from gastric-antral pouches of 5 dogs were collected before, during, and after the daily administration of 5 mg./kg. of indomethacin. This drug decreased the rate of mucous secretion and lowered the concentration of carbohydrate, particularly sialic acid andl-fucose, in the mucosubstance. Peptic ulcers appeared in 3 animals during the administration of indomethacin. The data suggest that gastric mucosal injury by indomethacin may be due to altered mucosal defense mechanisms.
Congenital Malformations of the Tricuspid Valve in Siblings

The occurrence of familial heart disease in association with tricuspid atresia is rare. The first reported instance of tricuspid atresia and Ebstein's anomaly in siblings is presented. The presence of these two distinct pathologic variants of tricuspid valve malformations in siblings suggests that these malformations result from a common abnormality occurring during the development of the inlet portion of the right ventricle.
Sex ratio response of the parasitoid wasp Muscidifurax raptor to other females

This study examines the sex ratio response of the parasitoid wasp Muscidifurax raptor to conspecific and confamilial females in relation to two groups of functional sex ratio models, local mate competition and host quality models. In some but not all experiments, M. raptor females produced a greater proportion of sons in the presence of a conspecific female than when alone, and this sex ratio effect carried over for a day after the females were isolated from each other M. raptor females also produced a greater proportion of sons in the presence of a female of the confamilial parasitoid Spalangia cameroni than when alone (although only on the second day of exposure to S. cameroni, not on the first). M. raptor's sex ratio increase in the presence of conspecifics is consistent with local mate competition models but not with host quality models because the presence of a conspecific female did not cause there to be more, and thus potentially smaller, offspring developing per host. In contrast, the presence of a S. cameroni female did cause there to be more offspring developing per host than when a M. raptor female was alone; thus M. raptor's sex ratio increase in the presence of S. cameroni may be explained by host quality models. An alternative explanation for the sex ratio increase in response to confamilials is that only a sex ratio response to conspecifics may be adaptive, due to local mate competition; but M. raptor females may be unable to distinguish between conspecific and S. cameroni females.
Tritium and helium isotopes as hydrologic tracers in a shallow unconfined aquifer

Measurements of tritium and 3He in groundwater can be used to calculate the age of tritium in groundwater. Such combined measurements on water samples thus provide a powerful tool towards understanding fluid flow in the near-surface saturated zone. We report tritium and helium isotope measurements on waters from an unconfined aquifer associated with a low-level nuclear waste storage area. These values are used to calculate ages of tritium in groundwater from 0.1 to 6 years. From the groundwater ages and a three-dimensional flow net hydraulic conductivities of 3.3 × 10−6 to 5.5 × 10−6 ms−1 for five wells, and extreme values from a single well of 18 × 10−6 and 97 × 10−6ms−1, are calculated. These values agree with hydraulic conductivities obtained from conventional aquifer tests. The high conductivity value may indicate an area of preferred fluid flow.
Providing QoS in ontology centered context aware pervasive systems

There has been significant research in adapting the Semantic Web technologies to create flexible context aware pervasive systems to enhance fields such as assisted living or smart environments. Several ontology based techniques have been proposed to simplify modeling knowledge and its relationships, and several ontology centered middleware tools are currently being developed to provide flexible and viable solutions for application developers. However, middleware built on the basis of Semantic Web generally suffers from drawbacks in performance, which limits its practical applications in the real world. This paper proposes a framework to facilitate Quality of Service (QoS) in ontology centered context aware pervasive middleware. Our approach suggests that context-aware middleware that operate by contracting mutual agreements with the client applications and provide controls over the amount of data to be processed by them can achieve predictable performance and response times. We also propose a service contract scheme that allows both client applications and middleware to participate in the decisions regarding the necessary data transformations required by the different system components in order to improve the overall system performance.
Front-side Ag contacts enabling superior recombination and fine-line performance

The standard silicon solar cell process continues on an evolutionary improvement path. High quality monocrystalline cells are now able to reach 19.2 % conversion efficiencies in industrial production. A key enabler for these high efficiencies has been the front-side Ag contact. This paper will discuss recent developments in this technology on two parallel fronts: reduced recombination and fine line printing. Front-side Ag can reduce solar cell recombination currents directly through reduced metal contact saturation current. In addition front-side Ag can indirectly lower recombination through improved contact formation to low saturation current emitters (lightly doped emitters, or LDE). Through improvements in the frit chemistry a superior recombination performance was enabled, yielding a 3 mV Voc gain and 0.1 % efficiency gain over the control. Improvements in the Ag particle dimensions and paste rheology reduced the optimum finger width approximately 10 μm, increasing Jsc by 0.3 mA/cm2 improving the efficiency gain another 0.1 % over the incumbent technology. In net we are able to demonstrate a next generation front-side Ag paste that can improve efficiency 0.2 %, from 18.8 % to 19.0 %.
Functional response and switching behavior of young-of-the-year piscivorous bluefish

Young-of-the-year (YOY) bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix (L.) impose significant mortality on recently metamorphosed striped bass, Morone saxatilis (W.) in the Hudson River estuary. Field observations indicate that bluefish selectivity on striped bass increases with increasing striped bass density suggesting a density-dependent feeding response. Functional response and switching experiments were conducted to aid in determining the mechanism for this response. The type of functional response exhibited by bluefish under several prey treatments was examined. These were striped bass alone, Atlantic silversides, Menidia menidia (L.) alone, striped bass with a background density of alternative prey, and striped bass in the presence of eelgrass Zostera marina (L.). The functional response of bluefish to increasing prey density was more similar to a type I or II model than a type III model under all treatments. Switching was examined by providing bluefish both striped bass and silversides at five different ratios with and without a prey refuge, eelgrass. Bluefish did not exhibit a type III functional response or switching behavior suggesting that these mechanisms do not explain the observed density-dependent selectivity pattern in the field. Switching experiments did suggest that the presence of prey refuge can determine selectivity by YOY bluefish in the field. The abundance of submerged aquatic vegetation and other prey refuge may be important in controlling the predatory impact of bluefish on striped bass in the Hudson River.
Central excitatory properties of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and its metabolites in iron-induced epileptic rats

Abstract The effects of δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), two of its metabolites, 8β-hydroxy-Δ9-THC and 11-hydroxy-Δ9-THC, and cannabidiol were comparatively studied by means of an iron-induced cortical focal epilepsy in conscious rats with chronically implanted electrodes. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol produced depression of the spontaneously firing epileptic focus, excitatory behavior, generalized after-discharge-like bursts of epileptiform polyspikes and frank convulsions. The pharmacological profiles of the two metabolites differed from that of the parent compound: 11-Hydroxy-Δ9-THC did not precipitate convulsions, but it did elicit all the other effects of Δ9-THC; the 8β-hydroxy derivative, on the other hand, exerted only two Δ9-THC-like effects; that is, it evoked polyspike bursts and convulsions. In contrast, cannabidiol, even in large doses (100 mg/kg) was devoid of all the effects of Δ9-THC. Furthermore, pretreatment with cannabidiol markedly altered the responses to Δ9-THC in the following ways: focal depression was partially blocked, polyspike activity was enhanced and convulsions abolished. Phenytoin pretreatment elicited similar effects, but it failed to block the Δ9-THC-induced convulsions. In general, the cannabinoids exhibit a wide spectrum of CNS effects ranging from focal depression to convulsions; specifically, however, the pharmacological profile of each agent can differ markedly; for example, the convulsant properties of Δ9-THC are not a universal characteristic of this class of drugs.
Calcium antagonists prevent cyclosporin a-Induced nephrotoxicity

Because of their favorable effects on renal haemodynamics, calcium antagonists (CATs) have a major role in preventing certain types of acute renal failure, including cyclosporin A (CSA) induced renal dysfunction. Verapamil (VP) given into the renal artery after revascularization significantly improved renal parenchymal blood flow velocity on the first post-transplant day and prevented CSA-induced decrease in renal blood flow. Kidney function was also improved and by post-transplant day 7, the majority or 77% of patients receiving VP had serum creatinine levels below 2.0 mg/100 ml versus 34% of controls. Glomerular filtration rates (GFR) increased with VP treatment between days 1 and 7 from 35±25 ml/min to 44±22 ml/min versus 19±19 ml/min to 28±22 ml/min for no VP. VP administration also decreased the need for post-transplant haemodialysis from 25% to 7%. The improved renal function occurred despite two times higher CSA blood levels in VP patients compared with controls. There were also fewer rejections in VP-treated patients (14%) than in controls (56%). Finally, graft survival at one year was 93% with VP treatment compared with 72% in control patients. The improved graft survival was most striking in repeat transplants, with 90% graft survival at one year for VP recipients versus 50% for controls. The combination of intraoperative VP and blood volume expansion acts synergistically resulting in larger urine volumes, improved renal function and decreased incidence of delayed function. The beneficial effects of CATs on post-transplant outcome may be related to cellular protection from ischaemia, preferential vasodilatation of the afferent arteriole, inherent immunosuppressive properties, and elevated CSA blood levels. CATs offer great potential to improve the outcome of solid organ transplantation.
Policy Research and Child Passenger Safety Legislation: A Case Study and Experimental Evaluation

Research findings have been used by states to formulate legislation to increase child passenger safety. Case studies from Kansas and Illinois are presented. The process is most successful when researchers are sensitive to the policy making process. The implications for the use of psychological research findings are discussed. Language: en
High pressure hydrogen adsorption apparatus: Design and error analysis

In the present work, design and operation of a high pressure gas adsorption apparatus at room temperature and at pressures up to 100 bar are discussed. A theoretical and experimental error analysis is done to determine accuracy and robustness of the measurements. For this study, activated carbon was selected as the adsorbent and hydrogen as the adsorbate gas. A sensitivity analysis was done by taking into account the effects of temperature, pressure, volume and weight of the sample. The analysis shows that the volumes of the sample and reference cells as determined by helium-free space measurements have significant effect on the accuracy of the adsorption uptake measurement. For instance, a 0.1% error in the measurement of either volume led to approximately a 3% error in hydrogen uptake measurement at 298 K and 100 bar.
Controlled Anionic Synthesis of Polyisoprene−Poly(2-vinylpyridine) Diblock Copolymers in Hydrocarbon Solution

Well-defined diblock copolymers of isoprene and 2-vinylpyridine (2VP) were prepared by sequential anionic polymerization at temperatures of 45 and 6−8 °C, respectively, in benzene solution using sec-BuLi as initiator in the presence of lithium chloride ([LiCl]/[PLi] = 5−11). Rapid quenching with acidic methanol 4−7 min after 2VP addition was required to obtain controlled polymerization. The polyisoprene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) diblock copolymers with high 1,4-polyisoprene microstructure exhibited narrow molecular weight distributions [Mw/Mn(SEC) = 1.01−1.06] and molecular weights (light scattering, universal calibration) that were in good agreement with calculated values. Molecular weights (Mn) determined by SEC with polyisoprene standards were much lower than calculated values.
Reconceptualizing statistical literacy: Developing an assessment for the modern introductory statistics course

In light of changes to the introductory statistics course, namely the move to include simulationbased methods, new assessments are needed. The Basic Literacy In Statistics (BLIS) assessment was created to measure students’ ability to read, understand, and communicate statistical information. The assessment was designed for students enrolled in introductory statistics courses at the postsecondary level that include some coverage of simulation-based methods in the curriculum. This paper describes the development of the instrument, including the validation of the test blueprint, pilot testing, and analysis of assessment data.
The renormalization flow, spaces of two-dimensional field theories, and Connes' geometry

We formulate a local renormalization flow using Connes' non-commutative geometry. This formulation allows a geometric description of the renormalization flow, and an intrinsic characterization of the operator product expansion. We define spaces for string theory, in terms of a ring of correlation functions and a renormalization flow on this ring, which are the analogues of the category of Riemannian manifolds with metric for general relativity. The beta function is related to a differential form of relative entropy between two renormalization flow trajectories.
Raising information system effectiveness through Webservices

Previous researches suggested that user resistance is one of the major problems facing Information Technology project effectiveness in developing countries. This user resistance is based partially on the non alignment of the new designed IT project with the organization cultural and social factors characterizing the internal environment of organization in developing countries. On the other hand, technical anomalies are also considered to be effectiveness barriers and direct causes of user resistance. The purpose of our research is to provide technical solutions to reduce the user resistance and raising the effectiveness of the IT through the using of Webservices technology.
Determining the fate of gestational mothers.

T he new reproductive technologies, especially in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, continue to challenge our imaginations and our courts. Do we need new laws to deal with this technology when combined with surrogate motherhood, and if so, what should they be? When motherhood itself is "split" between genetics and gestation, can genes, contracts, or biology alone determine the status of "mother" and child? The answer to this question involves the status of the embryo gestator, the woman we used to simply call "mother." It was the central issue in a California case in which Crispina and Mark Calvert hired a young, single nurse to gestate an embryo composed of their egg and sperm and to give the resulting child to them for a fee of $10,000.1 Mrs. Calvert was unable to bear a child because of a hysterectomy. Near the end of Anna Johnson's pregnancy, she sought to retain custody of the child. Following a hearing, Judge Richard N. Parslow, Jr, concluded that Crispina Calvert alone should be considered Christopher's mother:
Perpetrators of Sexual Assault Continuing to Have Sex With Their Victims Following the Initial Assault Evidence for Evolved Reproductive Strategies

Among a sample of college students, roughly 30% of the women and 12% of the men reported having been the victim of a sexual assault sometime in their lives. Of the assault victims, approximately 23% of both sexes stated that they had sexual intercourse with their assaulters on at least one subsequent occasion. Female victims of a completed sexual assault were significantly more likely to continue being sexually active with their assailants than were female victims who managed to block the assault, while no such difference was found for male victims. This would imply that some men are using assaultive tactics to secure sex partners beyond a single sexual episode, thereby enhancing their potential reproductive success in evolutionary terms. Also, men who committed sexual assault reported having had more lifetime sex partners than did sexually experienced men with no sexual assault history. Overall, the idea that sexual assault is part of an evolved reproductive strategy is consistent with findings from this study.
Mitigating the Common Information Sampling Bias Inherent in Small‐Group Discussion (Retracted)

Gathering problem‐relevant information through small‐group discussion is one method for initial decision making. A collective information sampling (CIS) model offered by Stasser and Titus (1987) suggests that two inherent biases, the common information sampling bias and a related recency effect, act in concert to suboptimize the efficacy of group discussion. The objectives of this exploratory study are to refine the predictive validity the CIS model and test a group intervention technique designed to mitigate the common information sampling and recency biases. Analysis of the evidence from a laboratory and field experiment suggests that the refined CIS model accurately predicted the distribution of information items entered into group discussion. While the control groups exhibited both the common information sampling bias and primacy effect, these biases were mitigated in the treatment groups after receiving an intervention technique called Shared Cognition Awareness Training (SCAT). Results obtained from...
A highly enantioselective catalyst for asymmetric hydroformylation of [2.2.1]-bicyclic olefins

Rh(CO)2(acac)/TangPhos was found to be a highly enantioselective catalyst for asymmetric hydroformylation of norbornylene under mild conditions. Application of the protocol to the desymmetrization of other [2.2.1]-bicyclic olefins gave moderate to excellent enantioselectivity (55–92% ee).
Evolutionary variation of papillomavirus E2 protein and E2 binding sites

Background In an effort to identify the evolutionary changes relevant to E2 function, within and between papillomavirus genera, we evaluated the E2 binding sites (E2BS)s inside the long-control-region (LCR), and throughout the genomes. We identified E2BSs in the six largest genera of papillomaviruses: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Lambda, and Xi-papillomaviruses (128 genomes), by comparing the sequences with a model consensus we created from known functional E2BSs (HPV16, HPV18, BPV1). We analyzed the sequence conservation and nucleotide content of the 4-nucleotide spacer within E2BSs. We determined that there is a statistically significant difference in GC content of the four-nucleotide E2BS spacer, between Alpha and Delta-papillomaviruses, as compared to each of the other groups. Additionally, we performed multiple alignments of E2 protein sequences using members of each genus in order to identify evolutionary changes within the E2 protein.
EXPERIMENTAL BLAST TESTING OF A LARGE 9-STORY STRUCTURE EQUIPPED WITH A SYSTEM OF NONLINEAR ENERGY SINKS

In recent years the protection of structures from blasts has gained widespread attention with most of the effort on this subject focused on mitigating the local effects of the blast. With improved local protection, controlling the global response of structures subjected to impulsive types of loads is becoming increasingly important. In this paper, the passive mitigation of a structure’s global response is examined through experimental blast tests of a large scale, 9-story structure equipped with a system of NESs. The system of NESs studied in this paper include two different types of devices, each of which employing a different type of restoring force; one type utilizes a smooth restoring force that is approximately cubic, while the other employs a linear restoring force coupled with one-sided vibroimpacts. The results of this study show that the passive NESs examined were capable of rapidly reducing the global response of the structure due to the blast loading. Additionally, the benefits of this passive system were demonstrated by its ability to reduce the peak demand on the structural system.
Mobilization and Mechanism of Transcription of Integrated Self-Inactivating Lentiviral Vectors

Permanent genetic modification of replicating primitive hematopoietic cells by an integrated vector has many potential therapeutic applications. Both oncoretroviral and lentiviral vectors have a predilection for integration into transcriptionally active genes, creating the potential for promoter activation or gene disruption. The use of self-inactivating (SIN) vectors in which a deletion of the enhancer and promoter sequences from the 3' long terminal repeat (LTR) is copied over into the 5' LTR during vector integration is designed to improve safety by reducing the risk of mobilization of the vector genome and the influence of the LTR on nearby cellular promoters. Our results indicate that SIN vectors are mobilized in cells expressing lentiviral proteins, with the frequency of mobilization influenced by features of the vector design. The mechanism of transcription of integrated vector genomes was evaluated using a promoter trap design with a vector encoding tat but lacking an upstream promoter in a cell line in which drug resistance depended on tat expression. In six clones studied, all transcripts originated from cryptic promoters either upstream or within the vector genome. We estimate that approximately 1 in 3,000 integrated vector genomes is transcribed, leading to the inference that activation of cryptic promoters must depend on local features of chromatin structure and the constellation of nearby regulatory elements as well as the nature of the regulatory elements within the vector.
mRNA trafficking and local translation: the Yin and Yang of regulating mRNA localization in neurons

Localized translation and the requisite trafficking of the mRNA template play significant roles in the nervous system including the establishment of dendrites and axons, axon path-finding, and synaptic plasticity. We provide a brief review on the regulation of localizing mRNA in mammalian neurons through critical posttranslational modifications of the factors involved. These examples highlight the relationship between mRNA trafficking and the translational regulation of trafficked mRNAs and provide insight into how extracellular signals target these events during signal transduction.
Aerial Image Enhancement Based on Estimation of Atmospheric Effects

Aerial images are used extensively in many trip and mapping software packages, such as Google Earth and Microsoft Virtual Earth. These software packages provide a wealth of geospatial information including transportation, terrain, places, etc. Among the issues in effective utilization of aerial images, color tone discrepancy is the inconsistency in brightness, saturation, or color balance between images representing adjacent areas, causing adjacent areas appear significantly different that would otherwise be similar. This paper proposes novel algorithms that can significantly eliminate or reduce color tone discrepancies of aerial images based on estimation of atmospheric effects. Two algorithms are proposed for estimating the parameters of the translucent layer modeling the atmosphere. Proposed algorithm I utilizes a cost function approach and is suitable for images that have overlapped areas, while proposed algorithm II is based on statistical estimation and is suitable for arbitrary images representing adjacent areas. Enhanced images are obtained by removing atmospheric effects in the target images. Presented results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed algorithms.
Universal Beauty: The Nature of Beauty and the Christian Response.

The problem of beauty’s nature has been the subject of debate in the field of theological aesthetics for many centuries. In general, the classical idea of objective beauty has been contrasted with ...
Preheating Acrylic Bone Cement Powder Is Not Recommended for All Brands

Abstract One strategy that has been suggested for reducing the operating room time for cemented total joint arthroplasties—and, hence, for reducing the total cost of these procedures—is to accelerate the polymerization of the acrylic bone cement by preheating the powder to 65°C. We quantified the effect of preheating the cement powders on the fracture toughness and fatigue life of 3 cement brands that are widely used in clinical practice. The results suggest judicious selection of cements whose powders are to be preheated for use in cemented arthroplasties.
MTBindingSim: simulate protein binding to microtubules

Summary: Many protein–protein interactions are more complex than can be accounted for by 1:1 binding models. However, biochemists have few tools available to help them recognize and predict the behaviors of these more complicated systems, making it difficult to design experiments that distinguish between possible binding models. MTBindingSim provides researchers with an environment in which they can rapidly compare different models of binding for a given scenario. It is written specifically with microtubule polymers in mind, but many of its models apply equally well to any polymer or any protein–protein interaction. MTBindingSim can thus both help in training intuition about binding models and with experimental design. Availability and implementation: MTBindingSim is implemented in MATLAB and runs either within MATLAB (on Windows, Mac or Linux) or as a binary without MATLAB (on Windows or Mac). The source code (licensed under the GNU General Public License) and binaries are freely available at http://mtbindingsim.googlecode.com. Contact: jphilip/at/nd.edu; cpence/at/nd.edu
Distribution and ecology of dictyostelid cellular slime molds in Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Great Smoky Mountains National Park encompasses an area of 2080 km 2 in eastern Tennes- see and western North Carolina between 35u289 and 35u479N. Elevations are 270-2000 m above sea level, and the topography and vegetation are as diverse as any region of eastern North America. In 1998-2004 soil/litter samples for isolation of dictyostelid cellular slime molds were collected throughout the park. Collecting sites included examples of all major forest types along with the more common types of nonforest vegetation. More than 2300 clones of dictyostelids were recovered from 412 samples. These clones included representatives of 20 described species together with at least 10 species new to science. This total is higher than those reported for other temper- ate regions of the world. In general both numbers of species and numbers of clones/g of sample material decreased with increasing elevation and several species displayed a distinct preference for either the low or high end of the elevation gradient. The relatively high number of new species recovered from samples collected at high elevations is an important new finding for dictyostelid ecology and distribution.