cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perceptions and Acceptability of a Smartphone App Intervention (ChildSafe) in Malaysia: Qualitative Exploratory Study

Background: Home is a vulnerable place for accidental child injuries. Unintentional injuries are a leading cause of death, hospitalization, and disabilities. These injuries are considered preventable and if not tackled, they will continue to be a persisting problem. Smartphones have become increasingly important in our everyday life and is an important tool not only for communication but also for other purposes—they have apps that can be used for various purposes. Therefore, an app-based intervention (ChildSafe) was developed to assess and reduce child injury at home. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the acceptance of the ChildSafe smartphone app intervention by parents/guardians. Methods: This study was conducted using a qualitative exploratory approach on selected participants of the ChildSafe intervention app study. A total of 27 semistructured in-depth interviews were carried out among parents or guardians who have at least one child between the age of 0 and 59 months in the area of Sungai Buloh, Selangor, between November 2017 and March 2018. Interview questions were developed from the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR). Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and data were thematically analyzed guided by CFIR. Results: The study revealed users’ perception on usability, feasibility, and acceptability toward the ChildSafe app. Three CFIR domains were identified: intervention characteristics, inner setting, and characteristics of individuals. A total of 5 constructs were revealed under intervention characteristics: evidence strength and quality, relative advantage, adaptability, trialability, and design quality and packaging; 2 under inner setting: implementation climate and readiness for implementation; and 4 under characteristics of individuals: knowledge and beliefs about the intervention, self-efficacy, individual stage of change, and other personal attributes. In general, participants felt the app is extremely useful and effective, easy to use, and purposeful in achieving home safety assessment via reminders. The app replaces the need for participants to search for information on home safety and dangers, as the app itself was designed as a tool to assess for this specific purpose. Even at the nascent stage and despite its limitations, the app has prompted users to consider and make changes around their own home. However, future versions of the app should be expanded to make it more attractive to users as it lacks interactive feedback and additional features. Conclusions: Parents/guardians are accepting the use of the ChildSafe app to prevent child injury at home. However, further expansion and improvements are needed to increase the acceptability of this app by parents/guardians.
Combined varenicline and naltrexone attenuates alcohol cue-elicited activation in heavy drinking smokers.

Abstract Background There is a strong bidirectional relationship between the use of alcohol and cigarettes which results in various challenges for treating those who co-use both substances. While varenicline and naltrexone each have FDA-approval for nicotine and alcohol use disorder, respectively, there is evidence that their clinical benefit may extend across the two disorders. Critically, the effect of combined varenicline and naltrexone on neural reactivity to alcohol cues among heavy drinking smokers has not yet been studied. Probing the effect of the combination therapy on alcohol cue-reactivity may give insight to the mechanisms underlying its efficacy. Methods Forty-seven heavy drinking smokers enrolled in two medication studies were randomized to receive varenicline alone (n = 11), varenicline plus naltrexone (n = 11), or placebo (n = 25). Participants completed an fMRI alcohol cue-reactivity task and rated their in-scanner alcohol craving. Whole-brain analyses examined the effect of medication on alcohol cue-elicited neural response. Results Varenicline plus naltrexone attenuated alcohol cue-elicited activation in mesolimbic regions relative to varenicline alone and to placebo (Z > 2.3, p Conclusions These findings provide evidence for the benefit of combined therapy of varenicline and naltrexone over varenicline alone for the attenuation of alcohol cue-elicited neural activation. This study provides a preliminary proof-of-mechanism for this combination pharmacotherapy and suggests that naltrexone may be driving the reductions in cue-elicited alcohol craving in the brain. Further clinical studies using the combined therapy to treat heavy drinking smokers are warranted.
Variation in Rates of Hospital Admission from the Emergency Department Among Medicare Patients at the Regional, Hospital, and Physician Levels.

Study objective Rates of admission from the emergency department (ED) vary widely across regions of the country, hospitals within regions, and physicians within hospitals. Our objective was to determine the extent to which variation in admission decisions was described by differences in admission rates at these 3 levels. This understanding will serve to better target interventions to modify rates of admission where appropriate. Methods In this cross-sectional observational cohort study, we analyzed Medicare fee-for-service claims for ED visits from 2012 to 2015 in a 20% random sample of beneficiaries. We first estimated the total regional-, hospital-, and physician-level variations in rates of admission and their proportions of the total variation after adjusting for patient and each level's covariates. We then estimated the extent to which each level's characteristics accounted for variation at that respective level. Results Our study sample included 5,778,218 visits with 45,491 physicians at 3,480 EDs across 306 hospital referral regions. The mean rate of admission was 38.9% and ranged from 21.4% to 53.0% for physicians at the 10th and 90th percentile of the distribution, respectively. The residual (unexplained) variations at the regional, hospital, and physician levels were 13.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.2 to 15.5%), 60.1% (57.1 to 62.9%), and 26.7% (26.4 to 26.9%), respectively. Regional, hospital, and physician characteristics accounted for 9.1% (95% CI, -5.6 to 23.8%), 51.1% (48.8 to 53.5%), and 2.7% (1.3 to 4.1%), respectively, of the explained variation at their respective levels. Conclusion Within-area variation, both across hospitals within a region and across physicians within a hospital, is a more substantial component of observed variation in admission rates from the ED than regional level variation. These findings suggest that variation in admission rates is at least in part related to institutional norms and cultures as well as heterogeneity of physician decisionmaking within hospitals, both of which could be targets of interventions to modify rates of admission.
Improving axial localization of weak phase particles in digital in-line holography

One shortcoming of digital in-line holography (DIH) is the low axial position accuracy due to the elongated particle traces in the reconstruction field. Here, we propose a method that improves the axial localization of DIH when applying it to track the motion of weak phase particles in dense suspensions. The proposed method detects particle positions based on local intensities in the reconstruction field consisting of scattering and incident waves. We perform both numerical and experimental tests and demonstrate that the proposed method has a higher axial position accuracy than the previous method based on the local intensities in the reconstructed scattered field. We show that the proposed method has an axial position error below 1.5 particle diameters for holograms with a particle concentration of 4700particles/mm3. The proposed method is further validated by tracking the Brownian motion of 1µmparticles in dense suspensions.
The Nature of PRA for the Chemical Industry

The status of risk analysis and probabilistic risk assessment in the chemical industry has been examined and comparisons made to the nuclear power industry. Major events such as those at Flixborough, Mexico City, Toronto and Bhopal and many other minor accidents have been studied. Several types of chemical industries were identified as prominent contributors to the observed accidents due to the nature of their products.
3D EM model libraries to support antenna integration into complex structures, IoT design and enterprise-level product development

As component integration pursuing “More-than-Moore” functionality creates densely populated wireless and high-speed electronics, simulating the interaction between device and environment becomes increasingly critical in capturing real-world performance. This paper examines the evolution of physics-based modeling and design using electromagnetic simulation from the component level toward larger and more complex models of fully integrated electrical systems, from multi-chip modules to aircraft with multiple mounted antennas and supporting electronics. Advances in computational techniques and the growing capacity of high-performance compute clusters now readily support simulation of these larger problems. Case studies using ANSYS HFSS will be shown to solve problems that are significantly larger in less time compared to the capabilities of just a few years ago. Along with a “Moore's law” advance in computation speed and capacity, new techniques in design automation are shown to allow users a means to integrate individual 3D EM models into larger hierarchical networks and systems, thereby supporting high-fidelity system modeling and design optimization.
Authoritarianism in an Age of Democratization: The Inception of Ruling Parties

In contrast to the institutionalist narratives of later chapters, this chapter highlights the more open-ended contests that accompanied the scramble to shape emerging political systems. During the fluid and uncertain period of regime formation, early victories held the potential to channel society's course for generations. Drawing rarely repeated public attention and engagement through street demonstrations, national elections, or campaigns of violent repression, leaders vied for control and struggled to cast emerging states in ways favorable to their own ambitions. The outcomes of these elite battles – specifically, whether one faction triumphed or its opponents retained a presence in the regime – were embodied within the organizations of national leadership and agenda setting: political parties. The historical accounts contained here are integral to a full understanding of how the legacies of the past are imbricated with the politics of the present: In short, the early interplay of key political actors yielded the institutional legacies that would structure national politics. These accounts of regime formation are intended to enrich current analyses of party building that focus largely on social conflict while paying less attention to the contested interaction of ambitious elites (Smith 2005: 422). Leaders in Egypt, Iran, Malaysia, and the Philippines created parties as a way of challenging their strongest rivals, whether foreign occupiers, violent radical movements, or mainstream political competitors. In Egypt and Malaysia, this broad struggle climaxed within the ascendant elite's own ranks as certain leaders defeated peers who promoted more open political systems.
The Constitutional and Political Economy of Trade Protection

This essay reviews Trade Protection in the United States (Aldershot, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., 1995) by Charles K. Rowley, Willem Thorbecke and Richard E. Wagner. The book stimulates a radical rethinking of trade policy, with results that are applicable well beyond the political framework of the United States. The authors—all advocates of the Virginia public choice school of thought—provide a lucid explanation of the formation of trade policy and systematically explain the many paradoxes of endogenous policymaking. They assess the main players in the process of trade policy formation and rigorously explain the dynamic interaction of the various political organs involved. The authors conclude that unilateral free trade cannot be achieved through the ordinary legislative process, and make a compelling case for Constitutional reform. Given the fragility of free trade equilibria and the inadequacy of bilateral and multilateral trade treaties for a stable free trade environment, the right to trade should be constitutionally guaranteed as an individual right. Considering the relevance of the authors' conclusions in this phase of consolidation of European trade policymaking, this essay examines the proposed unilateral free trade amendment, addresses the game theoretic implications, in light of viable alternatives.
The Lick Observatory Supernova Search with the Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope

The Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope (KAIT) at Lick Observatory is a fully robotic 0.76-m reflector equipped with a CCD imaging camera. Its telescope control system checks the weather, opens the dome, points to the desired objects, finds and acquires guide stars, exposes, stores the data, and manipulates the data without human intervention. There is a 20-slot filter wheel, including UBV RI. Five-minute guided exposures yield detections of stars at R ≈ 20 mag when the seeing is good (≤2″). One of our main goals is to discover nearby supernovae (SNe; redshifts generally less than 5000 km s−1), to be used for a variety of studies. Special emphasis is placed on finding them well before maximum brightness. A limit of ~ 19 mag is reached in the 25-sec unfiltered, unguided exposures of our Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS). We can observe over 1200 galaxies in a long night, and we try to cycle back to the same galaxies after 3 to 4 nights. Our software automatically subtracts template images from new observations and identifies supernova candidates that are subsequently examined by student research assistants. LOSS found 20 SNe in 1998, 40 in 1999, and 36 in 2000, making KAIT the world’s most successful search engine for nearby SNe. We also find novae in the Local Group, comets, asteroids, and cataclysmic variables. Multifilter follow-up photometry is conducted of the most important SNe, and all objects are monitored in unfiltered mode. A Web page describing LOSS is at http://astro.berkeley.edu/~bait/kait.html.
Improved Approximation Algorithms for Metric Facility Location Problems

In this paper we present a 1.52-approximation algorithm for the uncapacitated metric facility location problem. This algorithm uses an idea of cost scaling, a greedy algorithm of Jain, Mahdian and Saberi, and a greedy augmentation procedure of Charikar, Guha and Khuller. We also present a 2.89-approximation for the capacitated metric facility location problem with soft capacities.
Children and Families “At Promise”: Deconstructing the Discourse of Risk

Children and Families “At Promise”: Deconstructing the Discourse of Risk. Beth Blue Swadener and Sally Lubeck, eds. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995. 288 pp.
“No sale” items in auctions: do they really matter?

Research interest in auctions has grown steadily in nearly every business discipline because of the distinctive constructs and processes that the data analyses yield. Auction data present researchers with a particular challenge because of the presence of no sale items. Researchers have varied in their accommodation of no sale items and the analysis technique, which may lead to biases in the analyses. The first question is how should no sale items be treated? To address this, the type of data generated by auctions must be examined, since various methods handle no sale items differently. Additional questions are: What analysis technique is preferred for this type of data? What is the effect of using other analysis techniques? The results suggest that including no sale items improves estimation accuracy. Also, we found that using ordinary least squares with censored data provides results that are much better than using truncated data.
DYNAMICS OF ADSORPTIVE REACTOR WITH A BIMOLECULAR REACTION

Abstract A theoretical analysis is used to gain insight in the dynamics of an adsorptive fixed-bed reactor where an irreversible bimolecular reaction of the type A + B→P takes place. One of the reactants is assumed to be preferentially adsorbed with a favorable isotherm, while the other is adsorbed with a linear isotherm. The reaction follows an arbitrary kinetics where the rate is dependent on the concentrations of A and B. An analytic solution based on the method of characteristics is obtained for the case of local adsorption equilibrium. The dynamic behavior is affected by an intimate coupling of reaction kinetics and adsorption and breakthrough of the favorably adsorbed species is delayed by the occurrence of the reaction. The theoretical analysis is compared to experimental results obtained for an immobilized-enzyme reactor system for the esterification of propionic acid and isoamyl alcohol in hexane. The local adsorption equilibrium solution obtained for this system is in qualitative agreement with ...
PGD1 The Effects of Community-Based Pharmaceutical Care Services on Asthma-Related Quality of Life

Community pharmacy practice is evolving from a product-oriented focus to an environment where pharmaceutical care services are provided in order to meet an overall therapeutic goal (disease management). Specialized services may contribute to positive therapeutic outcomes for patients served and may improve patients' quality of life. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of specialized pharmaceutical care services for adult asthmatic patients served in community pharmacy settings on their health-related quality of life. METHODS: Adult asthmatic patients received specialized pharmaceutical services for one year in 7 community pharmacies located throughout Texas. All intervention pharmacies were members of a pharmaceutical care network that provided software, enabling pharmacists to document interactions with patients. All study patients were insured by Blue Cross/Blue Shield of Texas, patronized an intervention pharmacy, were confirmed asthmatics (by their physician), and were currently taking asthma medication(s). Juniper's Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, which includes activity, symptom, emotion, and exposure domains, was used to evaluate quality of life changes. RESULTS: A total of 25 patients completed quality of life questionnaires over the course of the intervention period and had pharmacist documentation. Quality of life scores were compared before and during intervention periods. When mean baseline overall quality of life scores were compared to mean ending overall quality of life scores for intervention patients, a statistically significant improvement was found (t =−2.872; df = 20; p = 0.009). Statistically significant improvements were also observed in the activity (t =−2.795; df = 20; p = 0.011) and symptom (t =−2.913; df = 20; p = 0.009) domains. CONCLUSIONS: While improved quality of life was associated with the pharmaceutical care intervention, further research involving more patients is needed to adequately determine the extent of benefits that specialized pharmaceutical care services could provide.
Use of dipolar 1H-15N and 1H-13C couplings in the structure determination of magnetically oriented macromolecules in solution

Anisotropy of the molecular magnetic susceptibility gives rise to a small degree of alignment. The resulting residual dipolar couplings, which can now be measured with the advent of higher magnetic fields in NMR, contain information on the orientation of the internuclear vectors relative to the molecular magnetic susceptibility tensor, thereby providing information on long range order that is not accessible by any of the solution NMR parameters currently used in structure determination. Thus, the dipolar couplings constitute unique and powerful restraints in determining the structures of magnetically oriented macromolecules in solution. The method is demonstrated on a complex of the DNA-binding domain of the transcription factor GATA-1 with a 16 base pair oligodeoxyribonucleotide.
Effects of Surface Topography and Colloid Particles on the Evaporation Kinetics of Sessile Droplets on Superhydrophobic Surfaces

In this paper, the evaporation kinetics of microliter-sized sessile droplets of gold colloids (∼250 nm in particle diameters) was experimentally studied on micropatterned superhydrophobic surfaces, compared with those of pure water on a planar hydrophobic surface. The structural microtopography of superhydrophobic surfaces was designed to have a constant air fraction (∼0.8) but varying array patterns including pillars, lines, and wells. During evaporation in a room condition, the superhydrophobic surfaces exhibited a stronger pinning effect than a planar surface, especially in the initial evaporation stage, with significant variations by the surface topographies. Compared to a pure water droplet, colloids exhibited further promoted pinning effects, mainly in the later stage of evaporation. While the well-known evaporative mass transport law of sessile droplets (i.e., linear law of “V2/3∝t”) was generally applicable to the superhydrophobic surfaces, much smaller evaporation rate constants were measured on the patterned superhydrophobic surfaces than on a planar hydrophobic surface. A colloidal droplet further showed lower evaporation rate constants than a pure water droplet as the concentration of particles in the droplets increased over the evaporation. Such transition was more dramatic on a planar surface than on the micropatterned surfaces. Whereas there was no clear correlation between evaporation mode and the evaporation rate observed on the superhydrophobic surfaces, the prominent decrease of the evaporation rate on the planar hydrophobic surface was accompanied with the onset of a second pinning mode.
PMR studies of the substrate induced conformational change of glutamine binding protein from E. coli.

The substrate induced conformational change of glutamine binding protein isolated from E. coli has been studied by high resolution proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The addition of L-glutamine to a protein solution caused a marked change in the proton magnetic resonance spectrum. The chemical shifts of several resonances were considerably different for the free and complexed protein. The line width of the methyl protons decreased considerably with the addition of substrate indicating that the environment of a sizeable percentage of the methyl groups is different. The kinetics of binding as well as a possible mode of action of the binding proteins will be discussed.
Nonlinear mean reversion in the G7 stock markets

We utilize the nonlinear unit root tests proposed by Park and Shintani (2005) and find strong evidence of nonlinear mean reversion between a US stock index and the stock indices in France, Germany, Italy and the UK. We identified an inaction band where deviations of these international stock indices from the US stock index follow a unit root process. Outside the band, however, they exhibit strong mean reversion properties. We show that standard linear unit root tests are not able to detect nonlinear cointegration and will yield the erroneous conclusion that the stock indices are not cointegrated.
Aggregation and Disaggregation Processes in Hydrology

A special session entitled “Aggregation and Disaggregation Processes” was held at the 1985 AGU Fall Meeting, December 9–13, in San Francisco, Calif. The purpose of the session was to bring together individuals interested in topics of aggregation and disaggregation to discuss the state of the art and new developments in these areas including their potential integration.
Visible room-temperature photoluminescence from oxidized germanium

Abstract Strong visible photoluminescence (PL) has been observed at room temperature from oxidized amorphous hydrogenated germanium. Excitation by the 488 nm line from an argon ion laser yields a broad PL peak at 2.2 eV with a full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) of 0.5 eV. The luminescence intensity depends on the morphology of the untreated a-Ge:H film produced by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Films ranging from ones with coarse columnar microstructure and poor photoelectronic properties to ones with microstructure similar to that of device-quality a-Si:H were intentionally chosen. After oxidation in air at 500°C for one hour, the films with coarse microstructure yield the highest luminescence intensity, comparable to that from porous silicon, while the best films with minimum microstructure yield orders of magnitude lower intensity. Removing the germanium oxide from the film reduces the luminescence intensity. Powder-like Ge was also produced by thermal evaporation in 0.3 Torr of argon. After annealing in air at 500°C for two hours strong PL is observed with peak position and spectral width similar to those from oxidized poor PECVD a-Ge:H and commercial GeO2.
Radiation protection laws and codes: a scramble for action.

(1959). Radiation Protection Laws and Codes-A Scramble for Action. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 246-248.
Three-Dimensional Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Islet-like Insulin-Producing Clusters

The production of mature pancreatic cells that function similarly to primary islets is the premise of cell therapy for diabetes. Here, we describe a novel approach to generating more mature insulin-producing cells from embryonic stem (ES) cells. A three-dimensional (3D) ES cell pancreatic differentiation system was developed and used to direct the ES cell differentiation into glucose-responsive, insulin-secreting cells. Using mouse ES cells as a model, we demonstrate that more mature insulin-producing cells can be generated from ES cells in 3D cultures. The 3D differentiated pancreatic endocrine cells can assemble into an islet-like tissue structure that displays greater similarities in phenotype and gene expression profile to adult mouse pancreatic islets, that is, with beta cells in the core and non-beta cells forming the mantel, leading to a significant improvement of the maturity of the insulin-producing cells. Our findings show that nearly 50-60% of the cells in 3D formed cell clusters express insulin. More importantly, those cells exhibit a high level of glucose-responsive insulin and C-peptide syntheses and release. A high level of expression of glucose transporter-2 was also detected in these cells. Compared to two-dimensional ES cell-derived insulin-producing cells, the insulin release from 3D ES cell-derived insulin-producing cells showed a nearly fivefold (p<0.05) increase when exposed to a high glucose (27.7 mM) medium. This 3D culture model provides an excellent system to study pancreatic endocrine morphogenesis and tissue organization. This study also demonstrates the feasibility of producing clinically relevant beta cells from ES cells in a 3D environment.
Crosstalk-Managed High Capacity Long Haul Multicore Fiber Transmission With Propagation-Direction Interleaving

This paper describes ultra-high capacity long haul optical transmission technologies based on multicore fibers (MCFs) with space-division multiplexing. First, we discuss the factors limiting the total capacity and the attainable distance of MCF, and show that the transmission distances are severely limited by crosstalk (XT) between adjacent cores. Next, we discuss a propagation-direction interleaving (PDI) technique to suppress XT. In PDI, adjacent cores have different propagation directions, and thus, bidirectional transmission is realized by a single MCF. We discuss spectral efficiency and attainable distance of several MCFs and show that three-fold reach extension is possible by using PDI in 12-core fiber with dual-ring structure. We also describe a long haul transmission experiment on a 12-core DRS fiber with PDI.
OPTIMIZING SPARE PARTS STORAGE POLICY BASED ON AVAILABILITY DESIGN

This study uses a tool to evaluate the performance of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) on the basis of both conventional design parameters — mean time to failure, mean time to repair, and mean time to replacement — and other factors, including the use of the Markov process. System effectiveness is used as a performance measure, and credits are granted if only some of the systems are functional. To improve performance, the researchers installed a central storage area, whose inventory of spares is optimized heuristically, to replenish spares for failing equipment. In this paper, a heuristic approach is presented to optimize the number of spare parts used in a central storage area. Such a heuristic method along with a performance measure is likely to be very useful for most real-life FMS environments. As given in an example, the model can be tested for a wide range of applications.
Carrying capacity in agriculture: global and regional issues

Abstract Much of the debate over world agricultural futures centers on the issue of yield growth. `Optimists' in the field base their analyses on a technology- and input-driven rate of increase in yields which, they argue, has outpaced population growth and will continue to do so, leaving a margin for steady increase in per capita incomes. Those who are sometimes classified as `pessimists' (we prefer the term `ecological realists') see practical limits to global and regional carrying capacity in agriculture, and maintain that the world is close to, or may even have passed, these limits. Projections for world agriculture in the first half of the twenty-first century vary widely, largely depending on assumptions on yield growth. We investigate the pattern of yield growth for major cereal crops, and present evidence that the growth pattern is logistic, not exponential. This pattern is consistent with ecological limits on soil fertility, water availability, and nutrient uptake. Projections for supply and demand in the twenty-first century based on a logistic rather than an exponential model of yield growth imply that the world is indeed close to carrying capacity in agriculture, and that specific resource and ecological constraints are of particular importance at the regional level. A supply-side strategy of increased production has already led to serious problems of soil degradation and water overdraft, as well as other ecosystem stresses. This implies that demand-side issues of population policy and efficiency in consumption are crucial to the development of a sustainable agricultural system.
Self-Presentation and Exercise

Preliminary research indicates that self-presentation may be an important antecedent and consequence of physical activity because it may affect people's exercise cognitions, attitudes, and behaviors. The specific purposes of this article were to review the literature on self-presentational processes with regard to (a) exercise behavior, (b) motivation to engage in physical activity, (c) the characteristics of the exercise environment, (d) subjective responses to acute exercise, and (e) the effects of exercise interventions on self-presentational concerns. Implications of a self-presentational perspective for examining exercise adherence and developing physical activity interventions are discussed.
Differential cardiovascular changes as a function of stimulation electrode site in rabbit hypothalamus.

Twenty chronically prepared, unanesthetized rabbits received both high-frequency (200 pulse/sec), short pulse-train (1.0 sec) and relatively low-frequency (25 pulse-sec), long pulse-train (10 sec) electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus. High-frequency, short pulse-train stimulation elicited a pressor response and bradycardia at all 27 electrode sites. In contrast, three other cardiovascular response patterns were obtained following low-frequency, long pulse-train stimulation. These latter patterns reflected a medial-lateral organization of autonomic function within the hypothalamus. Whereas all 15 lateral hypothalamic placements yielded depressor responses, 7 of 12 medial hypothalamic placements yielded pressor responses and tachycardia. Cardiovascular changes following administration of selective autonomic blocking agents (e.g., phentolamine, propranolol, methylatropine) suggest that high-frequency, short pulse-train stimulation elicited a pressor response followed by a reflexive bradycardia essentially mediated by an increase in vagal restraint. In contrast, the heart rate changes observed to low-frequency, long pulse-train stimulation all appear to have been importantly influenced by changes at the heart in beta-adrenergic activity.
Thin-layer chromatographic behavior of glycerolipid analogs containing ether, ester, hydroxyl, and ketone groupings.

Abstract Mixtures of glycerolipid analogs containing ether, ester, hydroxyl, and ketone groupings can generally be separated by thin-layer chromatography on the basis of these functional groups unless phosphate or phosphorylbase groups are present. Usually, similar analogs of glycerophospholipids can be separated only according to their general classes on adsorbent layers. For example, diacylglycerophosphoryl-ethanolamine, alkylacylglycerophosphorylethanolamine, and alk-1-enylglycerophosphorylethanolamine migrate at the same R F ; however, after phospholipase C treatment, the resulting radylacylglycerols and monoradylglycerols can be resolved.
Bleeding disorder due to platelet prostaglandin H synthase-1 (PGHS-1) deficiency.

Defective platelet prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS) activity has been recognized as a cause of bleeding disorders, but the defect has not been characterized. We evaluated three female patients aged 37, 48 and 55 who presented with a mild bleeding disorder due to platelet dysfunction. None of the patients had underlying diseases or reported use of aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Coagulation screening tests and platelet count were normal in each patient. Platelet aggregation in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen and epinephrine were subnormal, characterized by an abnormal second-wave aggregation and propensity for disaggregation. Arachidonate-induced platelet aggregation was defective, whereas PGH2-induced aggregation was normal. Platelet thromboxane A2 (TXA2) production in response to arachidonic acid was reduced in all three patients, i.e. 11.7, 4.6 and 4.4 ng TXB2/3 x 10(8) plt respectively (normal range was 49-81 ng/3 x 10(8) plt), whereas they were normal in response to exogenous PGH2, i.e. 71.4, 56.6 and 48.9 ng/3 x 10(8) respectively (normal range 49-85 ng/3 x 10(8) plt). These results are consistent with a deficiency of platelet PGHS activity. The level of the constitutive platelet PGHS-1 and TXA2 synthase (TXAS) proteins were determined on platelet microsomal fractions by Western blot analysis using affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies highly specific for human PGHS-1 and TXAS, respectively. In two patients the 70 kD PGHS-1 protein was undetectable, whereas it was normal in the third patient. The 60 kD TXAS band was normal in all three patients. These findings indicate that human platelet PGHS-1 deficiency is due to two types of enzyme defects: type 1 defect is manifested by an undetectable PGHS-1 protein in platelets whereas the type 2 defect is manifested by a normal quantity of PGHS-1 protein which has an impaired catalytic activity.
Computer-Aided Design, Manufacturing, Assembly and Test (CADMAT)

This paper describes an integrated Computer-Aided Design, Manufacturing, Assembly and Test System to achieve increased productivity and quality. The term CADMAT which encompasses Automated Test also implies the integration of all design automated and computer augmented processes throughout the product and business organizations. In the design and test phase of electronics, Interactive Graphics (IAG), verification, automated board layout, and automatic test vector generation are discussed. In the mechanical area, the use of 2D and 3D graphics techniques, computerized finite element modeling, and structural analysis programs are described. The use of the design data base in N/C manufacturing, automated inspection and testing is examined as is the role of automated software development and the development and use of management information systems.
T cell susceptibility to HIV influences outcome of opportunistic infections

During HIV infection, the timing of opportunistic infections is not always associated with severity of CD4 T cell depletion, and different opportunistic pathogens reactivate at different CD4 T cell thresholds. Here, we examine how differences in the phenotype and function of pathogen-specific CD4 T cells influence susceptibility to HIV infection. By focusing on three common opportunistic infections ( Mycobacterium tuberculosis , human papillomavirus, and cytomegalovirus), we investigate how differential depletion of pathogen-specific CD4 T cells impacts the natural history of these pathogens in HIV infection. A broader understanding of this relationship can better inform treatment strategies against copathogens.
Correlation of queen size and spermathecal contents and effects of miticide exposure during development

Normal mating of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) queens and drones results in extreme polyandry. Larger queens are reported to produce more brood, but do they also store more semen? Measurements of queen weight, spermatheca weight and volume, and numbers of sperm in the spermatheca were made on normally reared queens and queens exposed to miticide from early larval stage to emergence. In the normally reared group, larger queens had more sperm in spermathecae of greater volume and weight. The presence of miticide during queen development skewed the relationship of queen weight to spermatheca size and the number of sperm stored such that they were not correlated. This sublethal effect of miticide in the colony has an unknown impact on queen performance.
Role of distinct surfaces of the G9a ankyrin repeat domain in histone and DNA methylation during embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation

Epigenetic modifications such as histone and DNA methylation are essential for silencing pluripotency genes during embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation. G9a is the major histone H3 Lys9 (H3K9) methyltransferase in euchromatin and is required for the de novo DNA methylation of the key regulator of pluripotency Oct3/4 during ESC differentiation. Surprisingly, the catalytic activity of G9a is not required for its role in de novo DNA methylation and the precise molecular mechanisms of G9a in this process are poorly understood. It has been suggested that the G9a ankyrin repeat domain, which can interact with both H3K9me2 and the DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A, could facilitate de novo DNA methylation by bridging the interaction between DNMT3A and H3K9me2-marked chromatin. Here, we demonstrate that the G9a ankyrin domain H3K9me2-binding function is not required for the de novo DNA methylation of Oct3/4 during ESC differentiation. Moreover, we show that the interaction between the G9a ankyrin domain and DNMT3A is not sufficient to ensure efficient de novo DNA methylation. More importantly, we characterize a specific residue of the G9a ankyrin domain (Asp905) that is critical for both maintaining cellular H3K9me2 levels in undifferentiated ESCs and for the establishment of de novo DNA methylation during differentiation. These results represent an exciting breakthrough, which reveals 1) an unexpected critical biological function of the G9a ankyrin domain in global histone H3K9 methylation and 2) valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms and interaction surfaces through which G9a regulates de novo DNA methylation of Oct3/4 during ESC differentiation.
Parmenides' Modal Fallacy

In his great poem, Parmenides uses an argument by elimination to select the correct "way of inquiry" from a pool of two, the ways of is and of is not, joined later by a third, "mixed" way of is and is not. Parmenides' first two ways are soon given modal upgrades – is becomes cannot not be, and is not becomes necessarily is not (B2, 3-6) – and these are no longer contradictories of one another. And is the common view right, that Parmenides rejects the "mixed" way because it is a contradiction? I argue that the modal upgrades are the product of an illicit modal shift. This same shift, built into two Exclusion Arguments, gives Parmenides a novel argument to show that the "mixed" way fails. Given the independent failure of the way of is not, Parmenides' argument by elimination is complete.
Emergence of a radioresistant population of co-stimulatory splenocytes during remission of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats

Abstract T-cell hybridomas specific for myelin basic protein (MBP) were used to assess regulation of co-stimulatory signals during remission of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats. Both THYB-1 and THYB-2 subsets of T-cell hybridomas recognize class II major histocompatibility complex-restricted determinants in the 72–86 encephalitogenic region of MBP. However, THYB-2 hybrids uniquely express additional requirements for co-stimulatory signals from radiosensitive splenocytes (SPL) to support the response of MBP-stimulated IL-2 production. Hence, this subset provides a means to study regulation of THYB-2 specific co-stimulatory signals during the course of EAE. This study revealed that sensitization of Lewis rats with MBP in complete Freund's adjuvant induced a radioresistant subpopulation of co-stimulatory SPL that emerged during the remission phase of EAE. These radioresistant SPL provided specific accessory cell activities that fulfilled the co-stimulatory requirements of THYB-2 hybrids. These findings support the hypothesis that in vivo activation events elicit radioresistance in an emergent clonally expanding population of antigen-specific lymphocytes. A central prediction of this hypothesis is that cellular activation should confer radioresistance to co-stimulatory lymphocytes. This prediction was verified by the observation that in vitro activation of naive SPL with different B- and T-cell mitogens conferred radioresistance to co-stimulatory SPL. Mitogenic activation not only induced radioresistance but also dramatically augmented co-stimulatory activity of purified B cells. In summary, the results of this study support the hypothesis that in vivo activation of co-stimulatory lymphocytes may regulate activities of encephalitogenic T-helper cells during progression and remission of EAE.
Faculty-Librarian Cooperation: A Personal Retrospective.

Farber surveys the past 25‐30 years in library instruction, and in particular the cooperation and collaboration between librarians and teaching faculty. Resistance has only been studied recently. Course integrated program at Earlham made cooperation and collaboration imperative. Over the years there has been increasing interest in this approach.
P119Usefulness fetal echocardiography in the prenatal diagnosis of Down Syndrome (analysis of the 40 cases)

Background The aim of our study was retrospective analysis of 40 cases fetuses with down syndrome (T21) who had detailed sonography and echocardiography. Method Video tape analysis of 40 fetuses with T21 who had completed ultrasound and echocardiography examinations and completed neonatal follow-up in the same center. Results In our study the majority of cases 26 (65%) were low risk pregnancies. High risk pregnancies were in 14 (35%) cases. Congenital heart defect (72%) (AV-canal in 13/18 cases) was the most common anomaly diagnosed prenataly in fetuses with T21. Functional cardiac anomalies with normal heart anatomy were recorded also such as: dyspoportion and hypertrophy in 4/12 cases, tricuspid valve regurgitation, bright spot and pericardial effusion in 3/12 cases. Extracardiac malformations (25%) were diagnosed in fetuses with T21 such as: dudenal atresia, femur length shortening, pyelectasis bilateralis, face anomalies, sceletal malformations, hydrops fetalis. Conclusions 1. Congenital heart defect (72%) (AV-canal in 13/18 cases) was the most common anomaly diagnosed in fetuses with T21. 2. The most common extracardiac malformation was duodenal atresia 13/40 = 32.5% cases. 3. Fetal echocardiography can be usefull to identify in the group of low risk pregnancies, the potential patients for cytogenetic examinations of trisomy 21.
Sio Guyot: A complex volcanic edifice in the western Mid-Pacific Mountains

Sio Guyot, in the westernmost edge of the Mid-Pacific Mountains, is a large, complex volcanic edifice rising to more than 1200 m below sea level. The summit is divided into two flat-topped areas by a WNW-trending sediment-filled trough. Seismic reflection profiles reveal three acoustic units: an upper transparent layer (pelagic cap), a lower opaque layer (reef- and lagoon-derived sediments), and an acoustic (volcanic) basement. Free-air gravity anomalies indicate three eruptive centers or conduits within the main edifice, which apparently was constructed during late Cretaceous time on a broad basement swell or plateau that today is more than 3400 m below sea level (1500 m above regional abyssal depths).
The instability of finite amplitude Rossby waves on the infinite beta-plane

Abstract The normal mode instability problem for a stationary Rossby wave of finite amplitude and arbitrary orientation is examined on the infinite beta-plane using a Floquet technique. A survey of the instability problem as a function of the basic state wave amplitude and wave orientation is presented. In the large amplitude case, two modes of instability are found, while in the small amplitude case, a family of resonant interactions can completely describe the Floquet results. For intermediate values of amplitude, a combination of the large and small amplitude limits can explain the instabilities. For the range of greatest geophysical interest, two physically distinct unstable modes of approximately equal growth rate are available for certain values of the basic state wave orientation. Relevance to geophysical flows and the instability problem on the sphere are discussed briefly.
Effects of processing treatments on recovery of capsaicin in jalapeno peppers

Capsaicin content in frozen, cooked and canned jalapeno peppers was quantified using GLC analysis and compared to the capsaicin content in raw peper. The frozen peppers were blanched for 3 min and stored at -18°C; canned peppers were blanched for 3 min and processed at 100°C for 50 min; cooked peppers boiled at 100°C for 10 min. Results demonstrated a significant difference (a = 0.05) between each treatment and the raw pepper. Frozen and canned peppers retained approximately one-half of the capsaicinoid compounds that were present in raw pepper.