cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nietzschean Friends and Neighbors: Agonistic Politics and Conflictual Co-Existence

Political theorists have put Friedrich Nietzsche to work in a variety of ways to bolster claims about the possibility of democratic, agonistic politics. This paper theorizes the permutations of self/other relationships found in Nietzsche’s writing and argues that both the self/neighbor and self/friend relationships he describes are necessary for theorizing a post-Nietzschean agonism. I argue that most agonistic interpretations of Nietzsche heed only the self/friend relationship, based on mutual respect, while ignoring the more contentious encounters of self and neighbor. Yet both need to be accounted for in theories of an agonistic democracy, in which members have not only diverse but also conflicting perspectives, needs, and desires and the respect presumed in most theories of agonism may be compromised or non-existent. By attending to the interaction between both kinds of Nietzschean relationships, political theorists can more satisfactorily explain how a fractious, hierarchical society may move shift to a conflictual yet egalitarian co-existence, without unduly deemphasizing differences of ideology, creed, or perspective.
Report of the ALA ALCTS Publisher Vendor Library Relations Interest Group Meeting. American Library Association Annual Conference, San Francisco, June 2015

The ALA ALCTS Publisher Vendor Library Relations (PVLR) Interest Group provides for two discussions on trending topics in technical services annually. At the ALA Annual Conference in San Francisco,...
Current Trends in Population Control

In the face of the constant growth of population the only hope is a reduction in the number of births. The author reviews what has been done to achieve this in terms of current efforts in Japan India and China and developments in contraceptive methodology. In Japan the birth rate has been declining continuously to a low of 17/1000 population in 1957 where it remains. There is adequate personnel and an untiring effort to motivate people. In India on the other hand the growth rate is over 2% per annum. The parent acceptability of sterilization is a good sign. In China there is ongoing work to regulate births by penalizing those with more than three children. In terms of the effectiveness of contraception the author reminds us that a contraceptive with a promise of success should be cheap and also be able to provide sustained motivation or protection without it. Intrauterine devices according to the author seem to provide both of these prerequisites. They also have advantages over sterilisation mainly because they are reversible require no hospitalization and as a program costs much less.
Cyclohexane Rings Reduce Membrane Permeability to Small Ions in Archaea-Inspired Tetraether Lipids.

Extremophile archaeal organisms overcome problems of membrane permeability by producing lipids with structural elements that putatively improve membrane integrity compared to lipids from other life forms. Herein, we describe a series of lipids that mimic some key structural features of archaeal lipids, such as: 1) single tethering of lipid tails to create fully transmembrane tetraether lipids and 2) the incorporation of small rings into these tethered segments. We found that membranes formed from pure tetraether lipids leaked small ions at a rate that was about two orders of magnitude slower than common bilayer-forming lipids. Incorporation of cyclopentane rings into the tetraether lipids did not affect membrane leakage, whereas a cyclohexane ring reduced leakage by an additional 40 %. These results show that mimicking certain structural features of natural archaeal lipids results in improved membrane integrity, which may help overcome limitations of many current lipid-based technologies.
Pathology of Intercalated Discs in Friedreich Cardiomyopathy.

Friedreich ataxia (FA) is best known for its neurological phenotype, but the most common cause of death is heart disease (1). The pathogenesis of FA cardiomyopathy includes failure to clear iron from myocytes, chronic inflammation, fiber necrosis, and scarring (2). On cross section, heart fibers are significantly enlarged and excessively lobulated (2). In the longitudinal dimension, the pathogenesis also involves modifications of intercalated discs (ICDs), the plasma membrane specializations that connect heart fibers end-to-end. Many proteins participate in the assembly of fascia adherens junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions (GJs) within or near ICDs (3). Paraffin-embedded heart sections of 15 FA patients with confirmed homozygous guanine-adenine-adenine trinucleotide repeat expansions (13 autopsies, 1 biopsy specimen, 1 explant) and 12 controls (all autopsies) were stained with antibodies to N-cadherin (Figures 1A and ​and1B),1B), α-actinin, vinculin, and desmoplakin to visualize fascia adherens junctions and desmosomes and ZO-1 and connexin 43 to reveal GJs. N-cadherin reaction product was used to measure distances between ICDs (Figure 1B, inset) in sections of the left ventricular wall, right ventricular wall, and ventricular septum (VS). Strips of fixed VS were processed for ultrastructural visualization of ICDs (Figures 1C and ​and1D1D). FIGURE 1 Abnormal ICDs in FA In FA, all ICDs revealed by immunohistochemistry (Figure 1A), toluidine blue staining (Figure 1C, inset), or electron microscopy (Figure 1C) were disorganized, discontinuous, fragmented, and hyperconvoluted. N-cadherin reaction product showed an overall paucity of ICDs (Figure 1A). Connexin 43 reaction product revealed disorganization of ICDs as well as lateralization to plasma membranes (not illustrated). Inter-ICD distances were significantly and uniformly greater across all heart sections in FA (76 ± 11 μm) than in controls (54 ± 10 μm; p <0.001, main effect of FA in analysis of variance), but did not correlate with age of onset or death, disease duration, or guanine-adenine-adenine trinucleotide repeat expansion. Distances between Z discs remained normal (Figures 1C and ​and1D1D). The underlying mutation in FA causes frataxin deficiency, which may adversely affect ICDs and GJs before the onset of heart disease and perhaps prenatally. The critical step in the faulty assembly and maintenance of ICDs may target the most important ICD protein, N-cadherin (4), and also cause reduced expression of other adhesion proteins. Incorrectly constructed ICDs may make FA hearts vulnerable to progressive secondary changes that ultimately lead to fatal cardiomyopathy. Although frataxin replacement may prevent cardiomyocyte necrosis, it is unlikely to reverse incorrect maturation of ICD that occurs long before clinical manifestations of FA cardiomyopathy.
Using Response Surface Methodology in Fuzzy Set Based Design Optimization

The paper focuses on the use of fuzzy set theory to model uncertainty typical of the aircraft industry, associated with design with future materials. The design problem involves maximizing the safety level of a structure for a fixed weight budget, where the structure will be built from materials not yet available. In this case little information is available regarding the uncertainty, which is described based on expert opinion and assumptions made by the designer. Therefore, fuzzy set models are appropriate for this type of uncertainty. Response surface methodology is used throughout the design process described in the present paper, mainly to reduce the computational burden associated with designing for uncertainty. Response surface methodology is also used to integrate the analysis code with the optimization algorithm and to eliminate numerical noise, which is inherent to the response function. The elimination of noise in the response function, allows the use of a derivative based optimization algorithm. An isotropic plate with a change in thickness across its width is considered as a design problem. All problem parameters are uncertain and both yield stress and buckling load failure criteria are considered. The optimum design obtained from fuzzy set theory is compared to a traditional deterministic design, which uses a safety factor to account for the uncertainty. It is shown that for the example problem considered, the fuzzy set based design is superior to the equivalent deterministic design. Also, substantial savings in computational cost are realized when using response surface methodology during the design process.
COST-EFFECTIVENESS COMPARISON OF INTRA AORTIC BALLOON PUMP VERSUS LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES AS BRIDGE TO HEART TRANSPLANT STRATEGIES

There is a paucity of data comparing the cost-effectiveness use of mechanical support (LVAD vs IABP) as a bridge to heart transplant. Our aim was to compare the cost-effectiveness of patients BTT at our institution. We performed a retrospective study of patients that received a heart transplant
Analysis of the electrically driven gas pumping units application advantages

This article discusses the impact of operational, environmental and economic factors on the drive choice to equip the gas pumping units. The main aim of this study is to analyze the factors influencing the choice of drive type, show the advantages of EDGPU, to determine the necessary conditions for their application. Comparison of frequency-controlled, hydrodynamic and mechatronic electric driven units with turbine driven is done based on the indicators of availability and the ability to implement different load regimes, efficiency, technological readiness and service life of equipment, ease of placement and need for production areas, requirements to energy supply and quality of gas quality, impact on the environment. Analysis on the basis of economic criteria includes consideration of the required investment costs, operating costs, including the costs of maintenance and repairs, the life cycle cost. Research results can be used for design of new and modernization of existing compressor stations of main gas pipelines, as well as the choice of technological compressors in various industries.
Communication convention formation in large multiagent systems

A fundamental challenge in large-scale multiagent systems (MAS) is to enhance network-related dynamical processes such as establishing social convention in a decentralized fashion by regulating the behavior of the artificial autonomous agents. In my dissertation, I plan to study the specific problem of communication convention formation as a dynamic semiotic process over a large-scale MAS. In a semiotic process, a group of artificial agents collectively invent and negotiate about a shared language system that is used for communication. The landscape of the communication system will be captured through a hierarchy of interdependent networks where a semiotic network is built on top of an agent network. I propose a network theoretic investigation to determine its implications on the dynamic convention formation process and plan to develop a generalized theory of communication convention suitable for large-scale networked MAS. This theory will support predictions of system properties such as convergence dynamics across different temporal regions. Finally, an effective convention formation mechanism based on the generalized theory will be presented and evaluated for a real-world application domain.
Mark Bland. A Guide to Early Printed Books and Manuscripts. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. x, 236p. ISBN 9781405124126. $104.95

A Guide to Early Printed Books and Manuscripts is a thin volume. Given the cost of the book, I expected a massive volume, rich with full-color illustrations. When the book arrived in my mailbox, I was surprised to discover, after a cursory glance, that not only was it brief in length but that the few illustrations present were black and white. However, upon further review, I realized that its length is easily compensated for by the density and quality of content found within it. Within his first paragraph, Bland states that this book was written to complement Gaskell’s A New . . .
Debating slavery: The contours of a debate

Even at its height in the first half of the nineteenth century, Americans debated slavery. Was it a profitable, progressive, and healthy institution? If so, for whom? For slaveholders in particular? For non-slaveowners? For slaves? For the southern economy generally? (Woodman, 1963; 1972) Was the Old South an acom-mercial region, populated by premodern slaveowners and less than diligent slaves? The constitutional abolition of slavery in the United States in 1865 did not end this debate. Similar and sometimes identical questions concerning the economic and social character of antebellum southern slavery still inform modern historical debates which have raged with increasing volume and occasional acrimony in the twentieth century. Today, southern slavery is among the most hotly discussed topics in writings on American history and southern history generally, and has attracted the attention of scholars from many countries (Parish, 1989; Adeleke, 1993; Ide, 1993; Salmond, 1993; Wood, 1993). The aim of the present study is to outline the main contours of the debates, summarize the contending viewpoints, and weigh up the relative importance, merits, and shortcomings of these various and competing interpretations. The study concludes by sketching one way in which ostensibly mutually exclusive interpretations of the Old South may be rendered and, in fact, are in the process of rendering themselves, more compatible. Before sketching the outlines of these debates, it is perhaps helpful first to say a few words about the history of the Old South and, second, to suggest why the debate over slavery has been so important to Americans generally and to historians of the American South in particular.
Sulfate Separation by Selective Crystallization with a Bis-iminoguanidinium Ligand.

A simple and effective method for selective sulfate separation from aqueous solutions by crystallization with a bis-guanidinium ligand, 1,4-benzene-bis(iminoguanidinium) (BBIG), is demonstrated. The ligand is synthesized as the chloride salt (BBIG-Cl) by in situ imine condensation of terephthalaldehyde with aminoguanidinium chloride in water, followed by crystallization as the sulfate salt (BBIG-SO4). Alternatively, BBIG-Cl is synthesized ex situ in larger scale from ethanol. The sulfate separation ability of the BBIG ligand is demonstrated by selective and quantitative crystallization of sulfate from seawater. The ligand can be recycled by neutralization of BBIG-SO4 with aqueous NaOH and crystallization of the neutral bis-iminoguanidine, which can be converted back into BBIG-Cl with aqueous HCl and reused in another separation cycle. Finally, 35S-labeled sulfate and β liquid scintillation counting are employed for monitoring the sulfate concentration in solution. Overall, this protocol will instruct the user in the necessary skills to synthesize a ligand, employ it in the selective crystallization of sulfate from aqueous solutions, and quantify the separation efficiency.
Transference-Focused Psychotherapy (TFP) Principles in Psychiatry Residency Training

Transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP) has been introduced to psychiatry residency training in a number of pilot programs. The introduction of TFP to residency training has multiple goals: the instruction about an empirically validated treatment for patients with borderline personality disorder and, more broadly, the introduction of a set of tools of use to residents in the varying clinical settings where they see patients, even if they are not engaging these patients in an extended individual psychotherapy. TFP principles including use of the structural interview, the benefits of treatment contracting, and active monitoring of countertransference are of particular benefit to trainees in psychiatry given their training and required service commitments. Residents can benefit from exposure to TFP even if they do not plan to practice individual psychotherapy after completion of training.
Study of Interfacial Stress in Metal Matrix Composites Using Ultrasonic Velocity Measurements

The numerous potential applications of metal matrix composites (MMCs) in the military and aerospace industries have resulted in the widespread study of their mechanical properties to determine optimum fabrication techniques for improved composite strength. Due to the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of the matrix material and its reinforcement, thermally-induced residual stresses exist in the composite as a direct result of cooling from the MMC fabrication temperature. Several nondestructive techniques have been used to determine the residual stress present in various engineering materials. Radiographic techniques have been used extensively, but are somewhat limited in penetration depth and spatial resolution. However, ultrasonic techniques have proven to be a useful nondestructive means of determining bulk mechanical properties of a material. To determine the influence of internal stresses in MMCs on ultrasonic velocities, specimens of various second-phase silicon carbide content were subjected to a change in temperature. As the specimen temperature was raised, interfacial stresses between the aluminum matrix and silicon carbide reinforcement were relaxed, resulting in an overall change in the stress state of the material. Longitudinal ultrasonic waves were used to measure the acoustoelastic effect due to this change in the internal stress of the MMC. Longitudinal waves have been successfully used to determine internal stresses due to the influence of temperature on railroad rails [1] and prestrained aluminum and copper specimens [2]. The ultrasonic velocities in this investigation were measured with a computer automated time-of-flight acquisition system accurate to better than 1 part in 10,000.
Social Relationship Problems in Children

In this chapter we will review the growing area of social skills training for children who have problems with their peers. We will suggest that greater progress will be made by describing the natural variation that exists in children’s behaviors and that these descriptions are essential for the development of the content of interventions. We will contrast this approach to the current approach of a review of correlates of criterion variables of interest.
Finding Missing tRNA Modification Genes: A Comparative Genomics Goldmine

As the adapters between mRNAs and the elongating peptide chain, transfer RNAs (tRNA) are at the nexus of the genetic code and of the translation apparatus. Prior to their participation in translation, tRNAs must undergo extensive processing of the nascent transcript. The post-transcriptional processing of tRNAs involves a number of functionally distinct events essential for tRNA maturation (Altman et al. 1995; Bjork 1995; Deutscher 1995; Westaway and Abelson 1995). The phenomenon of nucleoside modification is perhaps the most remarkable of these events, and results in a wealth of structural changes to the canonical nucleosides (Bjork 1995). Although other RNA species also exhibit varying degrees of nucleoside modification, it is only in the tRNA that a rich structural diversity is realized. Nucleoside modification typically occurs to ~10 % of the nucleosides in a particular tRNA, but can involve as many as 25 % of the nucleosides (Bjork 1995). Over 80 modified nucleosides have been characterized (Bjork 1995), many of which are conserved across broad phylogenetic boundaries. The nature of nucleoside modification varies from simple methylation of the base or ribose ring to extensive “hypermodification” of the canonical bases, the latter of which can result in radical structural changes and involve multiple enzymatic steps to complete. The lack of mutant phenotypes for some modification enzymes was initially interpreted as precluding an important physiological role for tRNA modification. However, with the realization that modified nucleosides are conserved in phylogenetically diverse organisms, and
Lipase production by Bacillus stearothermophilus S-203 in shake flasks

Abstract Fermentation conditions for the production of lipase by Bacillus stearothermophilus S-203 have been established in 300 ml baffled shake flasks. The optimum medium consists of yeast extract 0.3%, ammonium acetate 0.5%, cotton-seed soil 0.4%, sucrose 0.5%, Tween 40 0.4%, phosphate buffer 0.04 M p H 6.9, and other inorganic salts. The optimum temperature is 45–55 °C, volume per flask 50 ml, shaking speed 300 rpm, and incubation time 24 hours. Under these conditions the yield of lipase was 59.5 units per ml.
International Faculty Perceptions of Departmental Climate and Workplace Satisfaction.

For this study we used the 2011–2014 survey data collected by the Collaborative on Academic Careers in Higher Education (COACHE) at the Harvard Graduate School of Education to examine the degree of international faculty members’ satisfaction with autonomy, interactions with colleagues, departmental climate, and recognition and the effect of these elements upon the overall workplace satisfaction of international faculty members relative to their U.S. citizen peers. This study helps identify factors that can enhance international faculty members’ satisfaction in order to aid institutions in their efforts not only to recruit the best talent but also to support and retain such talent.
What Is The “Safest” Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs?

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) which are widely used in clinical practice are also very well-known for their various adverse reactions. Each NSAID has its own unique safety profile and selecting an appropriate NSAID m ust be individualized for each patient based on his or her medical needs and risk factors. We reviewed literatures on NSAIDs, focusing on their adverse reaction profile. We reviewed and compared the inci dence of adverse reaction from individual NSAIDs according to organ systems. This review includes both selective COX-2 inhibitors and non- selective NSAIDs. Based on the most up-to-date evidence, ibuprofen appears to be the preferred NSAIDs based on its favorable GI and nephrotoxicity profiles. Naproxen might be considered in patients who have greater cardiac risk. Celecoxib, at the do se of less than or equal to 200 mg day -1 , might be an option in the patients who are at high risk for GI bleeding. Key word: Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), COX-2 inhibitor, adverse drug reaction, adverse reactions, safety profile, clinic al practice, organ systems
Standardized Reading Testing in College: Some Cautions

(1975). Standardized Reading Testing in College: Some Cautions. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Western College Reading Association: Vol. 8, Proceedings of the Eight Annual Conference of the WCRA. College Learning Skills Today and Tomorrowland, pp. 31-34.
Degradation of Pesticides by Animals

Once a pesticide enters the animal body through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal absorption, it is subject to metabolism by a variety of mechanisms. The types of chemical or biochemical transformations a pesticide may undergo in the animal are varied, and knowledge of the fate of these toxicants in animals contributes to a better understanding of their advantages and limitations for specific use situations. This is an important consideration since the almost universal usage of wide varieties of pesticides may result in the exposure of man and other nontarget organisms on a regular basis. The effect of this exposure on animals depends upon many factors such as the concentration and chemical composition of the pesticide, the species of animal, and the sex and age of the animal. While complete coverage of the fate of pesticides in animals exceeds the intent of the present presentation, a general discussion of the biochemistry of pesticides in animals is necessary if one is to gain even the slightest appreciation of the complexity of the many factors involved.
Imperfections in Our Current Knowledge of Insect Biology as Related to Their Response to Controlled Atmospheres

ABSTRACT Several recent review papers have commented on the fact that there is little revelance between laboratory studies and the field application of controlled atmospheres (CA) to control stored-product insects. Most of this research used either larvae or adults of one or two species of insects, usually Tribolium spp., to demonstrate that there is a difference in mortality when the insects are exposed to different CA compositions. We have developed generalities from this research such as “pupae are harder to control than are the other three life stages of these stored-product insects” and that “a 60% carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration is more effective against most of these species than is a 98 to 100% CO 2 concentration”. Are these generalizations true for all of the major pest species? This paper attempts to develop some order in this area by reviewing recent and chiefly unpublished research by the author. An examination of the responses within and between species and life stages and their relationship to temperature, relative humidity and CA composition of these insects is presented. Shorter exposure times are generally needed to control stored-product pests in field situations than would be expected from laboratory results. Attempts are made to explain the causes of this phenomenon, how it relates to the overall information transfer from the laboratory to actual CA field applications and how the available laboratory data can logically be applied in the field. Future research needs are described on the basis of the information contained in this paper.
Biglycan is a positive modulator of BMP-2 induced osteoblast differentiation.

Development of the vertebrate skeleton is a complex process involving genes that control a series of cellular events such as proliferation, migration, mesenchymal condensations and eventually differentiation into osteoblasts and chondrocytes1. For osteoblast differentiation, an intricate and highly regulated interplay of growth factors, receptors/co-receptors, specific extracellular milieu and transcription factors is required2. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF- ) superfamily, are multifunctional growth factors critically involved in osteoblast differentiation. The BMP functions are exerted through their interaction with specific cell surface receptors, BMP type I and II receptors, leading to the regulation of specific BMP target genes. The signaling is regulated at numerous steps at extracellular, cell surface and intracellular levels3, 4.
GIS and Remote Sensing Applications for Watershed Planning in the Maumee River Basin, Ohio

The Maumee River watershed is the largest drainage basin that discharges into the Great Lakes. Although the watershed is largely a rural landscape, several major urban-industrial cities, including Fort Wayne and Toledo are located along the river. Many water quality concerns are present, especially non-point rural runoff that contributes significant amounts of sediment into the Maumee River. There is an important need to collect, organize and assess the available information on the watershed conditions and to better determine the status of the changes with land uses, crop rotation, and implementation of conservation tillage practices within this watershed. A partnership between the University of Toledo and US Department of Agriculture NRCS lead to several GIS and remote sensing products including annual land cover and crop rotations via remote sensing techniques, establishment of a Maumee Watershed Project Area GIS database, and providing educational and informational outreach with other project partners, resource managers, and the general public.
Effectiveness of Computer-based Flight Simulation

The study measured the transfer effectiveness ratio from a computer-based flight simulation to a Link GAT I generic flight training device. The computer-based simulation consisted of Microsoft Flight Simulator software run on an IBM PS/2 Model 80 integrated with a set of Microflight Simulator flight controls by Wagner Computer Products. There were 71 volunteer subjects who had zero flying experience piloting an airplane or using Microsoft Flight Simulator. Their ages ranged from 16 to 71. The subjects were randomly divided between a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group consisted of 29 subjects who flew a basic attitude instrument pattern first on the computer-based flight simulator to private pilot criterion, then again in a Link GAT I flight training device to the same criterion. The control group consisted of 33 subjects who flew an identical basic attitude instrument pattern to criterion in the GAT I flight training device only. The experimental group was compared to the control group using a transfer effectiveness ratio. It was determined that one hour of training using computer-based flight simulation resulted in a saving of 22.8 minutes of training in the Link GAT I, yielding a transfer effectiveness ratio value of 0.38.
Cooperative Collision Avoidance by Sharing Vehicular Subsystem Data

Vehicular subsystems such as Anti-lock braking (ABS), Traction Control System (TCS) and Electronic Stability Program (ESP) use low-level sensory data to maintain the vehicle’s stability. We show that sharing that information with neighboring vehicles could prevent potential collisions. Towards achieving this goal, we propose extensions to Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC)’s Basic Safety Message (BSM) set and propose a controller which can use the transmitted information to avoid collisions with vehicles experiencing in-stabilities. We show the utility of our methodology by using 3 common lane change scenarios under varying road surface conditions. Finally, we demonstrate some limitations of our methodology using similar scenarios.
Assessing the association between the strength of state policies on school drug prevention and substance use disorders.

Background: Adolescent substance use has been linked to numerous adverse health, social, and educational outcomes. While there have been intensive resources placed in school-based prevention progra...
In Vivo Imaging of Transplanted Cells and Biomaterials

The isolation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) has invigorated the perspective that regenerative dentistry is achievable. A combination of stem cells and biomaterials affords tissue engineering of both hard and soft tissue components of teeth, as well as other tissues required for maxillofacial reconstruction. Considering the complexity of these approaches requiring a concerted interaction between different cell populations and biomaterials; sophisticated imaging to monitor these both serially and non-invasively over time are necessary. A variety of medical imaging techniques and their specific use are reviewed here. The selective identification and tracking of implanted cells, as well as biomaterials in the context of tissue engineering in dentistry, is discussed by highlighting state-of-the-art, as well as future requirements. The use of non-invasive imaging is an essential component in the development and translation of regenerative dentistry.
A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DOS MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS PARA O REEQUILÍBRIO DOS SISTEMAS

O presente artigo aborda como os movimentos sociais podem contribuir para a retomada do equilibrio entre o sistema politico e o sistema economico. Diante do panorama nacional de crise politica e economica, os movimentos sociais surgem como elemento com essencial capacidade de devolver o equilibrio perdido com a decadencia institucional.
The Implications of Career Education for Visually Handicapped Students

The author, who is with the U.S. Office of Education, summarizes the needs of handicapped persons for career education, the value of employment to the individual and to society, the role of federal...
Unexpected Findings at Appendectomy

During laparoscopic surgery for presumed appendicitis, a number of unexpected pathologies may be identified. Many of these may mimic appendicitis, but the frequency of misdiagnosis has decreased with the widespread use of imaging prior to surgery. Benign entities include Meckel’s diverticulum, cecal or sigmoid diverticulitis, epiploic appendagitis, Crohn’s disease, or gynecologic diagnoses. Malignant processes that may present in this setting include mucinous or non-mucinous adenocarcinoma, low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm, signet ring carcinomas, carcinoid tumors, lymphomas, leiomyomas, leiomyosarcomas, and goblet cell carcinoids. Treatment should be individualized to the patient and pathologic process.
CryoEM Structure of CtBP2 Confirms Tetrameric Architecture

Abstract C-terminal binding proteins 1 and 2 (CtBP1 and CtBP2) are transcriptional regulators that activate or repress many genes involved in cellular development, apoptosis and metastasis. CtBP proteins are activated under hypoxic conditions where NAD(H) levels tend to be higher. NADH-dependent activation of CtBP2 has direct implication in multiple types of cancers and poor patient prognosis. Previous studies have proposed dimeric CtBP as the relevant oligomeric state, however our studies with multi-angle light scattering have shown that the primary effect of NADH binding is to promote the assembly of two CtBP dimers into tetramers. Here, we present the cryoEM structures of two different constructs of CtBP2 corroborating that the native state of CtBP2 in the presence of NADH is indeed tetrameric. The physiological relevance of tetrameric CtBP2 was tested in HCT116; CtBP2 −/− cells transfected with tetramer destabilizing mutants. Mutants that inhibit tetramer formation show a decrease in expression of the CtBP transcriptional target TIAM1 and exhibit a decrease in the ability to promote cell migration. Together with our cryoEM studies, these results highlight the tetramer as the functional oligomeric form of CtBP2.
Chapter 2 – Data characterization

This chapter provides an overview of the data types commonly measured for drug sensitivity modeling studies. Firstly, we provide a brief review of molecular biology required to understand the various genomic measurements. Secondly, we describe the characterizations of the genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic levels. Finally, we describe the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics observations followed by cell viability measurements.
Restricted β-galactosidase expression of a hygromycin-lacZ gene targeted to the β-actin locus and embryonic lethality of β-actin mutant mice

beta-actin is a cytoskeletal protein that is ubiquitously expressed. To exploit the regulation the beta-actin gene, a promoterless hygromycin-lacZ fusion gene with a splice acceptor was introduced into the first intron of the beta-actin locus by homologous recombination in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. The targeted ES cells were hygromycin resistant and expressed beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) activity. However, no beta-gal activity was detected in heterozygous embryos. In adult heterozygotes, beta-gal activity was detected only in testes. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated the presence of both beta-actin exon 1-hygromycin- and exon l-exon 2-containing transcripts in homozygous mutant embryos. LacZ-containing transcripts were detected in adult heterozygous tests and, surprisingly, in homozygous mutant embryos. These results demonstrate that the integration of the hygromycin-lacZ gene into the first intron of the beta-actin locus was not productive for the ubiquitous expression of beta-gal activity. Because this integration mimics certain types of gene trap events, it suggests that caution should be used when interpreting beta-gal expression patterns in genetic screens using gene trap strategies. In addition, mice homozygous for the beta-actin mutation developed normally up to embryonic day 8.5 (E8.5) but became growth retarded at E9.5 and subsequently died. The RT-PCR data indicate that this targeted mutation is a hypomorphic allele of beta-actin.
Stale Real Estate Covenants

Since the 1970s, covenants running with the land have tethered a large majority of the new housing units produced in the United States. These private restraints usually continue for generations, until a majority or super-majority of covenant beneficiaries affirmatively vote to amend or terminate them. Covenants interact with public land use controls, particularly zoning ordinances. Zoning politics tends to freeze land uses in urban America, particularly in existing neighborhoods of single-family homes. This article investigates to what extent covenants exacerbate the zoning freeze. It provides a history of the use of private covenants, and suggests how drafters, judges, and legislators might address the risk that covenants will become obsolete.
Control Phase: C Is for Control

The main goal of the Control phase in DMAIC is to make sure that all activities planned in the Improve phase are successfully implemented, standardized, and sustained in the processes. The Control phase documents all phases of the Six Sigma project properly, makes sure that proper documents used in the processes are revised, and ensures that revised documents are in-use. It also makes sure that the Six Sigma team achieved the goals, achievements are not lost in the near future, successful examples are adapted across the organization, and the project is properly closed.
Evaluation of intramuscular olanzapine and ziprasidone in the medically ill.

Introduction Despite the paucity of studies evaluating short-acting parenteral second-generation antipsychotics in the medically ill, their use in this population has increased. The purpose of this study was to characterize the use of IM olanzapine and ziprasidone in the medically ill at an academic medical center. Methods This is a retrospective medical record review of all patients who received IM olanzapine or ziprasidone on nonpsychiatric inpatient units at a large academic medical center from August 1, 2015 to July 31, 2017. The primary endpoint characterized the indication for use. Secondary endpoints included safety, effectiveness, and prescribing patterns. Results After exclusion criteria, a total of 100 patients were included in this study, predominantly white males with a mean age of 56 years. Seventy-four percent of patients received IM ziprasidone and 26% received IM olanzapine. The most common indications for use were agitation of nonpsychotic origin (40%) and delirium (33%). Patients received IM olanzapine and ziprasidone when their use was contraindicated (26.9% vs 9.5%, respectively). Discussion Intramuscular second-generation antipsychotics are increasingly being used in the medically ill for delirium and agitation. Our study confirms these were the most common indications for IM second-generation antipsychotic use in this population. Additionally, their use appeared to be well-tolerated, and no patient developed Torsades de Pointes even when combined with other agents that putatively increase QTc. Given the retrospective, single-center, nonrandomized design of this study, the safety and effectiveness of these parenteral second-generation antipsychotics in common causes of acute agitation should continue to be further evaluated.
Two-Stage Hepatectomy for Bilateral Colorectal Liver Metastases: A Multi-institutional Analysis

Two-stage hepatectomy (TSH) is an important tool in the management of bilateral colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). This study sought to examine the presentation, management, and outcomes of patients completing TSH in major hepatobiliary centers in the United States (US). A retrospective review from five liver centers in the US identified patients who completed a TSH procedure for bilateral CRLM. From December 2000 to March 2016, a total of 196 patients were identified. The majority of procedures were performed using an open technique (n = 194, 99.5%). The median number of tumors was 7 (range 2–33). One-hundred and twenty-eight (65.3%) patients underwent portal vein embolization. More patients received chemotherapy prior to the first stage than chemotherapy administration preceding the second stage (92% vs. 60%, p = 0.308). Median overall survival (OS) was 50 months, with a median follow-up of 28 months (range 2–143). Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy was administered to 64 (32.7%) patients with similar OS as those managed without an infusion pump (p = 0.848). Postoperative morbidity following the second-stage resection was 47.4%. Chemotherapy prior to the second stage did not demonstrate an increased complication rate (p = 0.202). Readmission following the second stage was 10.3% and was associated with a decrease in disease-free survival (p = 0.003). OS was significantly decreased by positive resection margins and increased estimated blood loss (EBL; p = 0.036 and p = 0.05, respectively). This is the largest TSH series in the US and demonstrates evidence of safety and feasibility in the management of bilateral CRLM. Outcomes are influenced by margin status and operative EBL.
Impact of Business Ethics on Nigerian Financial Institutions

Ethics represent sets of high moral standards and requirements in office holders. This is on the premise that they will be held accountable for any form of misdemeanor. It is also all encompassing and serves as yardsticks for judgment of societal uprightness. The murky waters of business are neck-deep in different types of moral and immoral dealings. Shortcuts and unconventional practices have become prevalent. The codes of ethics which are the sets of moral principles are relegated to the background. The banking industry which plays an inter-mediation role in every economy has its own fair share of these unethical practices. This paper therefore explores this Trojan and its impacts on the Nigerian financial institutions. Findings reveals plethora of unhealthy practices and discusses their effects on these institutions. Furthermore, the paper recommends the need for a total clean-up and proposes that government must intervene to sanitize these institutions which serve as the heart and soul of the Nigerian economy.
Climate change, COVID-19, and the co-production of injustices: a feminist reading of overlapping crises

The overlapping global socio-ecological crises of climate change and COVID-19 pandemic have simultaneously dominated discussions since 2020. The connections between them expose underbellies of stru...
The Effects of Cannabidiol Oil on Noninvasive Measures of Muscle Damage in Men.

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the effect of CBD oil on perceived muscle soreness, inflammation, and strength performance after eccentric exercise (ECC) of the elbow flexors. Methods Thirteen untrained men (mean ± SD age, 21.85 ± 2.73 yr) performed 6 sets of 10 maximal ECC isokinetic muscle actions of the elbow flexors as part of a double-blind crossover design. Noninvasive (perceived soreness, arm circumference, hanging joint angle (JA), and peak torque (PT)) measures were taken before and after ECC, and 24, 48, and 72 h after ECC. All subjects completed both the supplement (CBD: 150 mg POST, 24 h, 48 h) and placebo (PLC: POST, 24 h, 48 h) condition separated by 2 wk. Four separate two-way repeated-measures ANOVA (condition [CBD vs PLC] × time [PRE vs POST vs 24 h vs 48 h vs 72 h]) were used to analyze perceived soreness, arm circumference, JA, and PT. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA were used to decompose significant interactions and main effects. Results There was no condition-time interaction or main effect of condition (P > 0.05) for perceived soreness, arm circumference, JA, or PT. There were main effects for time for perceived soreness (P = 0.000, ηp2 = 0.71) and JA (P = 0.006, ηp2 = 0.35). Conclusions The current dose of 150 mg CBD oil at POST, 24 h, and 48 h had no effect on noninvasive markers of muscle damage in the upper extremity. At the current dose and schedule, CBD oil may not be beneficial for untrained men as a recovery aid after exercise-induced muscle damage.
Vehicle Postcollision Considerations

THE RELATIONSHIP OF VEHICLE DESIGN TO HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IS EXAMINED, INSOFAR AS THEIR RELATIONSHIP AFFECTS INJURY AND THE SUBSEQUENT SURVIVAL OF THE OCCUPANTS IN THE POSTCOLLISION PHASE. THE POST-IMPACT PHASE IS DIVIDED INTO FOUR TIME PERIODS: ZERO TIME; A FEW MINUTES AFTER IMPACT; RESCUE OPERATIONS; TOW SERVICE AND SITE CLEAN-UP. HISTORICALLY, ATTENTION HAS BEEN FOCUSED UPON MEDICAL PROBLEMS OF EXTRICATION AND TRANSPORTATION OF THE INJURED. POST-COLLISION DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND INFORMATION NEEDS ARE SUGGESTED. SEVENTEEN SUGGESTIONS ARE MADE FOR REDUCING INJURIES AND MAKING ESCAPE FROM WRECKED VEHICLES EASIER. /HSL/
A Biobehavioral Model of Hypertension Development

In order to address the role played by exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity in the development of hypertension, we first present a model of the disorder, next describe evidence for the major components of the model, derived primarily from animal models of hypertension, and then relate these animal studies to those conducted with humans. Finally, we will attempt to integrate this evidence with possible models of the reactivity-hypertension relationship.
Improving the Shape Recognition Performance of a Model with Gabor Filter Representation

A recognition model which defines a measure of shape similarity on the direct output of multiscale and multiorientation Gabor filters does not manifest qualitative aspects of human object recognition of contour-deleted images in that: a) it recognizes recoverable and nonrecoverable contour-deleted images equally well whereas humans recognize recoverable images much better, b) it distinguishes complementary feature-deleted images whereas humans do not. Adding some of the known connectivity pattern of the primary visual cortex to the model in the form of extension fields (connections between collinear and curvilinear units) among filters increased the overall recognition performance of the model and: a) boosted the recognition rate of the recoverable images far more than the nonrecoverable ones, b) increased the similarity of complementary feature-deleted images, but not part-deleted ones, more closely corresponding to human psychophysical results. Interestingly, performance was approximately equivalent for narrow (±15°) and broad (±90°) extension fields.
Illicit secretion of a cytoplasmic protein into the periplasm of Escherichia coli requires a signal peptide plus a portion of the cognate secreted protein. Demarcation of the critical region of the mature protein.

The beta-lactamase signal peptide alone is not sufficient to direct secretion of chicken muscle triosephosphate isomerase, a normally cytoplasmic protein, into the periplasm of Escherichia coli. The signal peptide and at least the first 3 residues of the mature beta-lactamase are required before any secretion of the isomerase can be observed. At this point the level of secretion is very low, but the addition of further residues of the mature beta-lactamase enhances the secretion of the hybrid protein. The maximum level of secretion is achieved when 12 or more residues of the mature beta-lactamase intervene between the signal peptide and the isomerase. It is the proximity of an arginine residue at position 3 of the isomerase that is responsible for the blockade to secretion of these hybrid proteins (see Summers, R.G., Harris, C.R., and Knowles, J.R. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 20082-20088). With 12 residues of the mature beta-lactamase between the signal peptide and the isomerase, the offending arginine now lies at position 15 of the hybrid. The 14 residues that immediately follow the signal peptide therefore define a region of constrained properties that is critical to the secretability of proteins from E. coli.
Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease in Children

Hypertension is one of several major risk factors for the future development of atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis-related morbidity. The additional major risk factors that precede myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, and abdominal aortic aneurysm include dyslipidemia (elevated LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, and elevated triglycerides), tobacco use, and diabetes mellitus (1). Age, gender (female gender is protective), and genetic endowment are non-modifiable risk factors. Physical inactivity, obesity, family history, adverse nutrition, and low socioeconomic status function both as independent risk factors and are intimately related to the development of cardiovascular risk in adults (Table 1).