cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A 50 µW, 2.1 mdeg/s/√Hz frequency-to-digital converter for frequency-output MEMS gyroscopes

Frequency-modulated operation of MEMS gyroscopes promises numerous benefits, including inherently accurate scale factor, improved bias stability, high dynamic range, and low power dissipation. An FM demodulator based on sigma-delta frequency-to-digital conversion decouples dynamic range from power dissipation to achieve a resolution of 41.1µHz in a 50 Hz bandwidth for a 30 kHz signal (2.1 mdeg/s/√Hz) with a maximum input range of 2000 deg/s while consuming 27.6µA at 1.8V. The high performance and low power consumption of this circuit enable the development of high performance, ultra-low-power, frequency-output gyroscopes and other frequency-output MEMS sensors.
Multi-worm tracking using superposition of merit functions

Traditional solutions for long term imaging of living small biological specimens and microorganisms lack efficiency due to computationally expensive algorithms, and field of view limitations in optical microscopes. This paper describes a new algorithm that allows for real time tracking of multiple 1mm nematodes called Caenorhabditis elegans with a novel optical microscope design called the Adaptive Scanning Optical Microscope (ASOM), developed at the Center for Automation Technologies and Systems (CATS). Based on the real time experimentation, an improved algorithm to track multiple worms in the presence of entanglements is generated. The stages of this development start with an enhanced digital motion controller for the ASOM high speed scanning mirror to suppress undesired vibrations that limit the system capacity to track multiple organisms. The second phase is the integration of the ASOM apparatus, the high speed motion control, and a base tracking algorithm, all which allows for rapid image acquisition to track multiple C. elegans in real time. The base algorithm was developed at CATS and has been proven to track a single C. elegans in real time. Results demonstrating the efficacy of the complete system are presented. Lastly, an enhanced tracking algorithm is described that shows improved accuracy and robustness in tracking worms even when they become entangled. Taking into account the unique ASOM design, individual segments of the worm are tracked throughout an image sequence, and a mosaic pattern covering the entire worm is subsequently created. The algorithm takes advantage of geometric and dynamic knowledge of the C. elegans such as size, and movement patterns. The enhanced algorithm is tested on previously recorded footage. Simulated tracking experiments also illustrate the effectiveness of the enhanced algorithm and are presented.
The development of a transient magnetic field measurement technique for implementation on a fuselage-like test setup

Summary form only given, as follows. The susceptibility of airborne vehicles to electromagnetic transients has been studied for many years, however the application of new structural and electrical technology advances has caused a re-examination of the threats due to both natural phenomena and man made environments. In the case of lightning attachment, the current flows along the surface of the conducting fuselage and disperses around the circumference. A portion of it also penetrates through the conductive skin (by diffusion) resulting in transient electromagnetic fields on the inside that can result in electromagnetic interference to onboard electronics. In the case of a pulsed power system driving a dedicated weapon or countermeasure device, the "return" current phenomena can be very similar to the natural lightning, particularly if system components are distributed throughout the vehicle. In the laboratory, an aluminum test cylinder, representative in size and construction of a fighter-type aircraft fuselage, was subjected to high current pulses.. A two-stage Marx-type circuit was customized to drive the coaxial load consisting of the cylinder and return leads. The initial phase of the investigation was the modeling of the entire experimental circuit in order to calculate the total surface current and compare it to the measured values. During the second phase, a new technique is being developed to determine the magnitude of magnetic flux density outside and inside the cylinder as a result of transient currents flowing on along the cylinder. To this end, new two-dimensional B-field probes have been designed and fabricated. The mating of these probes with a wide bandwidth fiberoptic system for transient data acquisition and the overall system calibration procedures will be presented.
Automatic conversion of triangular finite element meshes to quadrilateral elements

A method is presented for the fully automatic conversion of a general finite element mesh containing triangular elements into a mesh composed of exclusively quadrilateral elements. The initial mesh may be constructed of entirely triangular elements or may consist of a mixture of triangular and quadrilateral elements. The technique used employs heuristic procedures and criteria to selectively combine adjacent triangular elements into quadrilaterals based on preestablished criteria for element quality. Additional procedures are included to eliminate isolated triangles. The methods operates completely without user intervention once the nodal co-ordinates and element connectivity of the original mesh are supplied.
Anesthetic management of the exit (Ex Utero intrapartum treatment) procedure

The EXIT (ex utero intrapartum treatment) procedure is used to maintain fetal-placental circulation during partial delivery of a fetus with a potentially life-threatening upper airway obstruction. We performed the EXIT procedure on a fetus with a large intra-oral cyst. Sevoflurane was used as the anesthetic because of its rapid titratability. Sevoflurane provided excellent maternal and fetal anesthesia. Modifications to previously described monitoring techniques for the EXIT procedure were also used.
Late-Stage High-Angle Faulting, Eastern Doonerak Window, Central Brooks Range, Alaska: ABSTRACT

Three deformation phases are recognized in the eastern Doonerak window. From oldest to youngest, they are (1) an isoclinal folding event characterized by pervasive axial-planar slaty cleavage, (2) formation of kink bands and chevron-style folds of the slaty cleavage, and (3) development of gentle flexures with associated crenulation cleavage or close-spaced joint planes. First- and second-phase structures are related to thrust faulting. High-angle faulting may be related to third-phase deformation. Most of these high-angle faults strike west to northwest, are subvertical, and exhibit slickenside striations that plunge gently west. Another set of high-angle faults strikes northeasterly and contains two generations of slickenside striations, a younger subhorizontal set and an older subvertical set. These perpendicular slip directions support the existence of two separate stress regimes: (1) a north-trending principal compressive stress axis, ^sgr1, and (2) a west-trending ^sgr1. Structural analysis of several west-northwest-trending high-angle faults and associated extensional fractures demonstrates a stress regime with ^sgr1 plunging gently west-northwest. This regime is incompatible with north-directed thrusting and supports a separate late-stage deformational event. Two possible interpretations are that the high-angle faulting is (1) related to west-northwest thrusting or (2) is a separate phase of deformation involving significant east-west compression. End_of_Article - Last_Page 675------------
Hidden Markov models of eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) alarm calls

Eastern gray squirrels produce alarm calls-vocalizations used in the presence of danger that influence the behavior of some receivers. This influence is possible because the alarm calls' rate, duration, and structure contain information about the threat and the caller. Gray squirrels' mix of different structural call types (kuks and quaas) could contain information on potential internal influences within the squirrel. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are ideal tools to investigate whether hidden states explain the frequencies of kuks versus quaas throughout an alarm call sequence. In this study, we compare the ability of an iid (independent and identically distributed) model and two- to six-state HMMs to represent observed sequences of kukking, quaaing, and periods of silence. Audio recordings of 44 gray squirrels were collected and the first 30 s of each alarm call sequence was coded based on spectrograms. A number of HMMs were fitted, and the overall fit of the observed sequences to each model was assessed using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and Monte Carlo methods. The five-state HMM fit the observed call frequencies better than the other models, suggesting that the squirrels' alarm calling sequences are influenced by a more complex temporal sequencing of acoustic units.
miR-132 Enhances Dendritic Morphogenesis, Spine Density, Synaptic Integration, and Survival of Newborn Olfactory Bulb Neurons

An array of signals regulating the early stages of postnatal subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenesis has been identified, but much less is known regarding the molecules controlling late stages. Here, we investigated the function of the activity-dependent and morphogenic microRNA miR-132 on the synaptic integration and survival of olfactory bulb (OB) neurons born in the neonatal SVZ. In situ hybridization revealed that miR-132 expression occurs at the onset of synaptic integration in the OB. Using in vivo electroporation we found that sequestration of miR-132 using a sponge-based strategy led to a reduced dendritic complexity and spine density while overexpression had the opposite effects. These effects were mirrored with respective changes in the frequency of GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic inputs reflecting altered synaptic integration. In addition, timely directed overexpression of miR-132 at the onset of synaptic integration using an inducible approach led to a significant increase in the survival of newborn neurons. These data suggest that miR-132 forms the basis of a structural plasticity program seen in SVZ-OB postnatal neurogenesis. miR-132 overexpression in transplanted neurons may thus hold promise for enhancing neuronal survival and improving the outcome of transplant therapies.
Pricing of parking for congestion reduction

The proliferation of mobile devices, location-based services and embedded wireless sensors has given rise to applications that seek to improve the efficiency of the transportation system. In particular, new applications are already available that help travelers to find parking in urban settings by conveying the parking slot availability near the desired destinations of travelers on their mobile devices.In this paper we present two notions of parking choice: the optimal and the equilibrium. The equilibrium describes the behavior of individual, selfish agents in a system. We will show how a pricing authority can use the parking availability information to set prices that entice drivers to choose parking in the optimal way, the way that minimizes total driving distance by the vehicles and is then better for the transportation system (by reducing congestion) and for the environment. We will present two pricing schemes that perform this task. Furthermore, through simulations we show the potential congestion improvements that can be obtained through the use of these schemes.
The future trends of electric power engineering education in the United States

This panel presentation relates to present trends in power engineering education in the United States. Some comments on challenges in power engineering at universities are included.
Percent biventricular pacing in cardiac resynchronization therapy: Is more always better?

c b s i t w t c h Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been shown to improve outcomes in selected heart failure patients. However, approximately 30% of patients fail to respond favorably, with loss of consistent pacing being one reason for a poor response. In this issue of Heart Rhythm, Hayes et al report on the importance of biventricular (BiV) pacing xpressed as a percentage of total ventricular beats in a large ohort of the patients with CRT devices from a single anufacturer. The data derive from the LATITUDE remote onitoring patient management system (Boston Scientific, nc., Natick, MA, USA). Since its introduction in 2006, the ATITUDE network has enrolled more than 150,000 paients, with greater than 7 million remote transmissions ogged into the database. These data are managed by the LTITUDE clinical science program in collaboration with physician panel that assists in identifying clinical relevant ssues and patient populations for post hoc analysis. Unlike andomized clinical studies, this postmarketing analysis of evice therapy provides a unique opportunity to monitor utcomes in real world practice. A recent analysis by this roup of survival in more than 180,000 patients treated with n implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and CRT devices howed that survival rates over 5 years were very similar to hose documented in the larger randomized clinical trials. The present analysis from the ALTITUDE project sought to assess the extent of BiV pacing required for achieving maximal symptomatic and mortality benefit from CRT. A otal of 36,935 patients implanted with a CRT defibrillator rom 1,243 U.S. centers were evaluated. Data on percent iV pacing and atrial fibrillation (AF) were obtained from he LATITUDE networked remote transmissions and surival status from the Social Security Death Index. Symptom tatus was collected from a subset of patients who comleted a brief questionnaire as part of their weekly remote ransmissions. The primary findings were as follows: (1) a igher percentage of BiV pacing was associated with lower ortality and fewer heart failure symptoms; and (2) AF was
An odds-ratio indifference-zone selection procedure for Bernoulli populations

We present a new sequential, eliminating procedure for selecting the best system in a single-factor Bernoulli-response experiment with an odds-ratio indifference zone, where best refers to the system with the largest probability of success on any given trial. Analytical results show that the proposed procedure is more efficient than existing procedures in that it requires fewer observations to identify the best system when only two systems are being considered. Empirical results show that the procedure is more efficient for comparing up to five systems when the specified odds-ratio indifference zone is greater than two.
Sua pan surface bidirectional reflectance: a case study to evaluate the effect of atmospheric correction on the surface products of the multi-angle imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) during SAFARI 2000

This paper presents a validation case study of Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) surface products where its bidirectional reflectance (BRF) measurements during the Southern Africa Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000) campaign are compared with those coincidently evaluated on the ground and from the air, using the Portable Apparatus for Rapid Acquisition of Bidirectional Observations of Land and Atmosphere (PARABOLA) and Cloud Absorption Radiometer observations, respectively. The presence of haze and smoke during the campaign provided a case study to evaluate the effect of atmospheric correction on MISR surface products. Two surface types were considered in the analyses: the bright desert-like surface of the Pan and the dark grassland that surrounds it. The results show that for the dark surface the BRF values retrieved from MISR are in good agreement, within 5%, with those obtained from field data. For the bright desert-like pan surface, better agreement, within ~10%, was found in all channels on the clear day but only in the forward scattering on the hazy day. A comparison of MISR aerosol retrievals to those obtained from three independent ground measurements suggests that, in the presence of a highly reflective surface, small uncertainties in the MISR aerosol retrievals become magnified at larger optical depths, causing errors in the surface BRF retrievals
Sensitivity studies of the E region neutral response to the postmidnight diffuse aurora

Measurements of the neutral thermosphere within the postmidnight substorm recovery phase diffuse aurora show very large horizontal winds, and strong vertical struc- ture. Rocket, satellite, and ground based observations dur- ing the ARIA (Atmospheric Response in Aurora) campaigns, and earlier dawn side rocket observations, indicate neutral winds of up to 200 m/s, and a characteristic jet-like wind maximum around 110 to 120-km altitude, with strong shears above and below. The observed wind magnitudes are found to have a dependence on geomagnetic activity level, but re- cent modeling studies suggest that tides which propagate up from the troposphere and stratosphere may play an important role in generating the strong vertical variations in the neu- tral winds. The relative importance of auroral and tidal forc- ing in producing the measured wind structure is not known, however. Simulations have been performed using a three di- mensional (3-D) high resolution limited area thermosphere model to understand the processes which generate the ob- served neutral structure within the postmidnight diffuse au- rora. Parameters measured during the ARIA I observational campaign have been used to provide auroral forcing inputs for the model. Global background winds and tides have been provided by the CTIP (Coupled Thermosphere Iono- sphere Plasmasphere) model. The sensitivity of the response of the neutral atmosphere to changes in different parame- ters has been examined. Variations in the amplitudes and phases of the propagating tides in the background winds are found to have significant effects on the neutral structure in the E region, and the wind structure below around 110 km is found to be mainly produced by tidal forcing. Changes in the electric field and ion density affect the winds above around 120 km, and the importance of auroral forcing is found to depend on background winds. Variations in the orientation of the aurora relative to the background field, which may be caused by changes in the interplanetary magnetic field, are also found to modify the wind structure. When both auroral forcing and propagating tides are included, many of the basic characteristics of the wind structure are displayed, although the great strength of the wind shears is not well reproduced. The strength of the shears may be related to a currently un- modeled process, or to different types of waves.
Dynamic spectrum allocation for uplink users with heterogeneous utilities

Dynamic allocation of spectrum prior to transmission is an important feature for next generation wireless networks. In this work, we develop and analyze a model for dynamic spectrum allocation, that is applicable for a broad class of practical systems. We consider multiple service providers (SPs), in the same geographic region, that share a fixed spectrum, on a non-interference basis. This spectrum is allocated to their customer end users for transmission to the SPs. Assuming that a user can obtain service from all the SPs, this work develops an efficient algorithm for spectrum allocation. The quality of service depends on system parameters such as number of users and SPs, the channel conditions between the users and SPs and the total transmit power of each user. The SPs have different efficiencies of reception. We adopt a user utility maximization framework to analyze this system. We develop the notion of spectrum price that enables a simple distributed spectrum allocation with minimal coordination among the SPs and users. Given the user utility functions and the system parameters, we characterize the spectrum price and the users' optimal bandwidth allocations. Our work provides theoretical bounds on performance limits of practical operator to user based dynamic spectrum allocation systems and also gives insights to actual system design.
The Emergence of Worthy Targets: Official Frames and Deviance Narratives Within the FBI

How do agencies of social control construct understandings of their targets, and how do these constructions shape subsequent outcomes? In the case of the FBI's counterintelligence programs (COINTELPROs), agents in the field avoided organizational sanctions by using personal characteristics of targets to justify counterintelligence action, particularly in the absence of disruptive political activities by otherwise “worthy” targets. Specifically, agents drew upon predictable deviance narratives to validate official frames produced at the top of the FBI hierarchy, thereby structuring the allocation of counterintelligence action against purported security threats. Our findings point to the importance of considering such intra-organizational negotiations to understand the mechanisms through which interpretive schema connect to the outcomes of contentious political interactions.
Screening older Latinos for dementia in the primary care setting.

The purpose was to compare the Spanish language picture version of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test with Immediate Recall (pFCSRT+IR) and the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) in identifying very mild dementia among Spanish speaking Latino patients. The tests and an independent diagnostic assessment were administered to 112 Latino patients free of medically diagnosed dementia from an urban primary care clinic. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to examine differences in the operating characteristics of the pFCSRT+IR and the MMSE. Cut scores were manipulated to equate sensitivities (specificities) at clinically relevant values to compare differences in specificities (sensitivities) using the Pearson Chi Square test. Youden’s index was used to select the optimal cut scores. Twenty-four of the 112 primary care patients (21%) received a research dementia diagnosis, indicating a substantial burden of unrecognized dementia. MMSE scores but not free recall scores were associated with years of education in patients free of dementia. AUC was significantly higher for free recall than for MMSE. Free recall performed significantly better than the MMSE in sensitivity and in specificity. Using optimal cut scores, patients with impaired free recall were 10 times more likely to have dementia than patients with intact recall, and patients with impaired MMSE scores were 4.5 times more likely to have dementia than patients with intact scores. These results suggest that the Spanish language pFCSRT+IR may be an effective tool for dementia screening in educationally diverse Latino primary care populations. (JINS, 2014, 20, 848–855)
Performance evaluation of 3D optoelectronic computer architectures based on the FFT and sorting benchmarks

Optical interconnections can achieve greater data rates and lower power consumption than electronic. Yet, no computers featuring such interconnections have been demonstrated. It is projected that the first such computers will be composed of a stack of arrays of electronic processing elements, each one connected to its neighbors using free space optics. This architecture is called a 3D optoelectronic computer. Due to the SIMD nature of the processing element arrays, this architecture is be better suited for problems requiring massive parallelism. We use a set of FFT and integer sorting benchmarks to evaluate the performance of such architectures and compare it with the best parallel supercomputers. For each benchmark we develop a suitable architecture and implementation of the algorithm. We calculate its performance based on the communication data rate between neighboring arrays and the performance of the electronic processing elements. We show that such architectures can outperform electronic supercomputers in both cases.
Power capture ALOHA

The authors investigate the throughput of unslotted ALOHA with power-capture capability. Two types of capture effects are considered, namely created capture and natural capture. The capture probability of a tagged packet is a function of the maximum number of interfering packets that form a stochastic process during the transmission time of a tagged packet. The distribution of the maximum number of interfacing packets can be found from a set of appropriate binary numbers. Four cases are analyzed: ALOHA with two random power levels, ALOHA in a uniform Rayleigh fading channel, ALOHA with two random power levels in a uniform Rayleigh fading channel, and ALOHA-CDMA in a uniform Rayleigh fading channel. >
Sensory modality specificity of neural activity related to memory in visual cortex

Gibson, Jay R. and John H. R. Maunsell. Sensory modality specificity of neural activity related to memory in visual cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 1263–1275, 1997. Previous studies have shown that wh...
Teratogenic effects of calcium salts on chick embryos

This investigation began as an attempt to protect chick embryos from the teratogenic effects of hypoxia by means of exogenously applied calcium pantothenate. The attempt was not only a failure, but it appeared that the compound alone was highly teratogenic. Since it was disturbing to consider that a vitamin, in low dosage, was teratogenic, the phenomenon was studied further by injecting equivalent concentrations of other calcium salts into the embryo. It quickly became apparent that very small quantities of calcium chloride solution injected into either the subgerminal area of the yolk sac or the allantois also produced pronounced abnormalities. All the eggs used in these experiments were obtained from hens of the Kimber strain of White Leghorn. The eggs were stored in a refrigerator, kept at 10 °C, and used within one week of laying. The eggs were incubated for 2–5 days prior to injection.
Bridging the Gap: 'In between' Research Methods Course and Senior Thesis

Recently, discussions about teaching research methods among APSA Teaching & Learning Conference participants have focused on understanding the relationship between methods courses and the broader discipline, including the need to integrate qualitative methods and other approaches beyond the traditional statistical approaches still common in the majority of undergraduate research methods courses. This paper seeks to contribute to this conversation, based on my own experience as a comparativist teaching research methods courses at small, liberal arts institutions. My own, limited experience suggests that teaching the basic elements of research design and qualitative techniques is as important (if not more important) than teaching statistical techniques—and that it is important to do so across the discipline. From this, I propose a brief outline of objectives critical to writing a successful senior or honors thesis in political science that can—and should—be taught both in research methods courses and across the discipline’s curriculum.
Reversible wrinkles of monolayer graphene on a polymer substrate: toward stretchable and flexible electronics.

The surface instability of monolayer graphene supported by a soft (polymer) substrate under equal-biaxial compression has been explored through large scale coarse-grained molecular simulations. Regardless of the interfacial adhesion strength between the graphene and the substrate, herringbone wrinkles have always been observed due to their lowest energy status, compared with the checkerboard, hexagonal, triangular and one dimensional sinusoidal modes. Moreover, the graphene–polymer substrate interaction energy has a negligible effect on the critical strain for the onset of these wrinkles. Yet, if the graphene is bonded to a rigid (non-deformable) substrate, the critical strain increases with increasing graphene–substrate interfacial strength. The surface wrinkles of graphene are delayed and suppressed by the strong bonding of graphene to the rigid substrate. Besides, only localized folds and crumples have been observed on the surface of graphene, when graphene–substrate interaction energy is strong enough. All these observations signal that the deformability (stiffness) of the substrate plays an essential role in determining the morphology of supported graphene under compression. In addition, when a flat graphene is attached on a highly pre-strained (50%) polymer substrate, wrinkles will be formed on its surface during the relaxation of pre-strain within the polymer substrate. The wrinkled graphene could be stretched up to 50% without fracture, accompanied by the diminishing of surface wrinkles. Therefore, it opens a new avenue to enhance the stretchability of graphene materials, and enables the future applications of graphene and other 2D materials in stretchable and flexible electronics.
Entropy properties of deterministic control systems

The purpose of this tutorial paper is to explain and to survey a number of concepts and results for deterministic control systems centering on the problem to determine the “information” needed for performing control tasks. Entropy theory of dynamical systems provides a guideline in the sense that the developments for control systems are seen, sometimes in analogy and sometimes in contrast, to those for dynamical systems. A focus will be on the problem to keep a subset of the state space invariant. Furthermore, a number of open problems in this field will be elucidated.
Business or Cause? Gendered Institutional Logics in Women’s Professional Soccer

Despite women’s increased participation in sport, women’s team sport leagues have yet to find a lasting toehold at the professional level. Using ethnographic data collected with U.S. women’s profes...
In vivo evidence of a role for hepatic lipase in human apoB-containing lipoprotein metabolism, independent of its lipolytic activity.

Hepatic lipase (HL) is a key player in lipoprotein metabolism by modulating, through its lipolytic activity, the triglyceride (TG) and phospholipid content of apolipopro- tein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins and of high density lipoproteins (HDL), thereby affecting their size and density. A new and separate role has been suggested for HL in cellu- lar lipoprotein metabolism, in which it serves as a ligand promoting cellular uptake of apoB-containing remnant lipo- proteins and HDL. We tested the hypothesis that HL has both a lipolytic and a nonlipolytic role in human lipoprotein metabolism, by measuring lipid plasma concentrations, lipoprotein density distribution by density gradient ultra- centrifugation, and lipoprotein composition, in three sub- jects with HL deficiency: two of the patients (S-1 and S-3) were characterized as having neither plasma HL activity nor detectable HL protein; the third subject (S-2) had no plasma HL activity but a detectable amount (35.5 ng/ml) of HL protein. All HL-deficient subjects showed a severalfold increase in lipoprotein TG content across the lipoprotein density spectrum (very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), in- termediate density lipoprotein (IDL), low density lipopro- tein (LDL), and HDL) as compared with control subjects. They also had remarkably more buoyant LDL particles (LDL-R f 5 0.342-0.394) as compared with the control sub- jects (LDL-R f 5 0.303). Subjects S-1 and S-3 (no HL activity or protein) presented with a distinct increase in cholesterol and apoB levels in the IDL and VLDL density range as com- pared with patient S-2, with detectable HL protein, and the control subjects. This study provides evidence in humans that HL indeed plays an important role in lipoprotein me- tabolism independent of its enzymatic activity: in particular, inactive HL protein appears to affect VLDL and IDL parti- cle concentration, whereas HL enzymatic activity seems to influence VLDL-, IDL-, LDL-, and HDL-TG content and their physical properties. — Zambon, A., S. S. Deeb, A. Ben- sadoun, K. E. Foster, and J. D. Brunzell. In vivo evidence of a role for hepatic lipase in human apoB-containing lipopro- tein metabolism, independent of its lipolytic activity. J. Lipid Res. 2000. 41: 2094-2099.
Momentum-Control System Array Architectures

This chapter provides the analysis tools and fundamental theory for the design of an array architecture consisting of momentum devices. First, the properties of the actuator alignments and their effect on shaping the performance envelope of the momentum-control system are discussed. A survey of common array types for RWA, CMG, and mixed arrays follows. A discussion of performance metrics and methods used to optimize the array architecture concludes the chapter.
The Christian Parties of Western Europe

It is a cliche of Communist propaganda to describe the opposition to the peaceful and progressive policy of the Soviet Union as consisting of Wall Street, fascists and former collaborationists, the Vatican, and the right-wing Socialist “toadies.” The general impression given is one of a monolithic and wholly malevolent alliance of all the reactionary “minorities,” bent on driving the innocent and peace-loving masses into a war against the Soviet Union and the “New Democracy.” It is hardly a betrayal of confidence to point out that the Communist is not given to making distinctions. But it is possible to disentangle at least one element of truth in this somewhat harsh judgment of the world outside. This is, that the units engaged in the present world struggle are not solely, and perhaps not even primarily, the nation-states. There is, in a sense, an “East” in the “West,” and a subdued “West” in the “East.” Ideological and political movements, whether regional or world-wide in scope, have become increasingly important bearers of foreign policy. On the most significant issues of foreign policy in the present crisis, the party affiliation of a Western European makes a greater difference than his national affiliation.
A prolonged QTc interval. Is it an important effect of antiarrhythmic drugs

QT prolongation is a feature shared by a number of widely used antiarrhythmic agents , such as quinidine, procainamide and disopyramide. The ionic mechanism(s) underlying this drug action and the relationship between QT prolongation and arrhythmia suppression are coming under increasing study. Moreover, new drugs whose most prominent electrophysiological act ion is QT prolongation have recently becom e available or are now in clinical trials (table I) . Agent s with this so-called 'class III ' drug action include sotalol (Singh & Vaughan Williams 1970a; Strauss et al. 1970) and its dextrorotary isomer d-sotalol (Kato et al. 1986; Yabek et al. 1988), amiodarone (Singh & Vaughan Williams 1970b), the major metabolite of procainamide, N-acetylprocainamide (Dangman H Jaillon & Winkle 1979), clofilium (Steinberg & Molloy 1979), and sematilide (Lumma et al. 1987). However, with the growing clinical usage of drugs which produce prominent QT prolongation has come an increasing awareness of their potential to occasionally cause the morphologically distinct and potentially lethal polymorphic ventricular tach ycardia known as torsade de pointes (Roden 1989; Roden et al. 1986b). Thu s, the clinician managing arrh ythm ias with these drugs is faced with the possibilit y that QT prolongation intended to suppress arrh ythm ias could instead result in serious arrh ythm ia provocation, and even sudden death. This review will provide the c1inTable I. Drugs which prolong the QT interval
Adam Walsh Act Compliance in Pennsylvania: What Does the Future Hold? A Research Note

In December 2012, Pennsylvania became the 16th state to comply with regulations stipulated in the Adam Walsh Act (AWA). Title I of AWA stipulates that all jurisdictions support a sex offender registry comprised of three registration levels: 15 years, 25 years, and life. Prior to implementation of AWA guidelines, the sex offender registry in Pennsylvania consisted of two registration levels: 10 years and life. Given the collateral consequences that sex offender registries create, we were interested in how registered offenders in Pennsylvania felt about the new legislation. As part of a larger project, self-report surveys were mailed to registrants in one urban county in Pennsylvania. Participants were asked about their knowledge of impending AWA-compliance and how they would be affected by it. Results suggest that sex offenders in Pennsylvania are more likely than their peers in other states to be fearful of the consequences of this change.
Reflections on "Brown" to Understand "Milliken v. Bradley": What if We Are Focusing on the Wrong Policy Questions?.

Background/ContextPrior research on Milliken v. Bradley focuses on the failure of this case to implement interdistrict busing in the highly segregated Detroit schools. Much of this work focuses exp...
COLLAGENOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF LUNG BANA HYDROLASE AND CATHEPSIN B1

Cathepsin B1 and BANA hydrolase, obtained from rabbit lung, can each digest native collagen. At 30°C, the activity of each enzyme appears to be limited to the conversion of β (and higher) components of collagen to α chains. At 37°C, the conversion of β to α chains still is the major activity, but at this higher temperature the α-chains are degraded to yield small molecular weight peptides. Heat-denatured collagen is very rapidly digested by each of these enzymes. Both enzymes require a thiol compound, such as cysteine, for activity and both are inhibited by p-hydroxymercuribenzenesulfonic acid and by TLCK. Leupeptin completely inhibited the activity of cathepsin B1, but had little effect on BANA hydrolase. Collagen incubated with cathepsin B1 or with BANA hydrolase at 30°C is optimally degraded at pH 4.0 or 3.5, respectively. During the digestion of collagen, the percentage of β components remaining decreased with time of incubation with each of the enzymes, while the ratio of α/β components present increased linearly with time, up to 24 hours. The degradation of collagen also is dependent on the amount of cathepsin B1 and BANA hydrolase present. A number of properties of three intracellular collagenolytic enzymes (cathepsin B1, BANA hydrolase, and the collagenolytic cathepsin described by Etherington (6) are compared, along with the properties of three other intracellular proteases that have been reported in the literature. Possible physiological functions of these collagenolytic enzymes are discussed.
Comparisons between Multidimensional and Lumped-Parameter GOTHIC Containment Analyses with Data

Advanced nuclear reactor concepts heavily rely on the availability and efficiency of passive cooling systems. This especially holds for advanced containment designs with passive decay heat removal systems that function by natural phenomena. Also, the development of catalyst modules for hydrogen mitigation measures is based on natural basic principles leading to hydrogen reduction and additional atmospheric mixing. To prove the functionability and availability of passive systems and their respective components, demonstration experiments at different scales are mandatory. In addition, it is the general perception that many more improved computational tools are needed for this purpose, where present lumped-parameter analysis methods are insufficient to provide the necessary information about local details and spatial distributions. Therefore, the next step in the development of analytical/numerical models is the transition/extension from lumped-parameter to multidimensional models and containment analysis codes. Also, recent posttest lumped-parameter analyses of the Heiss Dampf Reaktor H 2 distribution experiment E11.2 with preexisting atmospheric stratification show a number of deficiencies compared with the data, indicating a need for more detailed modeling. The GOTHIC thermal-hydraulic containment code provides this required extension of the lumped-parameter model by incorporating multidimensional submodels for selected nodes (subcompartments). Applications of both model types to simulate hydrogen dispersion experiments in the Battelle Model Containment (BMC) demonstrate the limitations of the traditional approach and the improvement achieved by the multidimensional simulation. The importance of thermal and hydrogen concentration stratifications, the interactions with structural heat conductors, and the requirements to set up a consistent model when coupling lumped-parameter and multidimensional representations are discussed. Several hydrogen-mixing experiments performed in the BMC more than a decade ago were simulated with multidimensional GOTHIC models. Three types of modeling concepts have been tested: 1. lumped-parameter model 2. each compartment modeled two-dimensionally with the intercompartment connections simulated as flow path junctions 3. full three-dimensional nodalization of the BMC, intercompartment connections simulated as gaps. The results of these GOTHIC calculations are compared with the experimental data and demonstrate the improvements that can be achieved by performing multidimensional containment simulations.
Sale of Long-Term Electricity Supply Contract is Ordinary Gain

In this letter to IRS Chief Counsel William J. Wilkins, Johnson argues that the IRS should issue a revenue ruling providing that the sale of a fixed price, long-term supply contract produces ordinary gain, whether the sale is by the supplier or buyer.
After Hegemony : Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy

(1985). After Hegemony : Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 589-592.
Teachers’ Practices in High School Chemistry Just Prior to the Adoption of the Next Generation Science Standards

Effective professional development that influences teachers’ classroom practices starts with what teachers know, understand, and do in their classroom. The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) challenge teachers to make changes to their classroom; to help teachers make these changes, it is necessary to know what they are doing in their classrooms just prior to NGSS adoption. An online survey was distributed to high school chemistry teachers to understand their teaching practices before NGSS was adopted as state standards. This article presents the findings of the survey in terms of the chemistry content, science and engineering practices, and engineering content currently taught in chemistry. Gaps in the current teaching practices as they relate to the standards at the time of the study and NGSS are discussed, which show a challenge for the transformation of science education, which the implementation of NGSS hopes to achieve. Implications for professional development are included.
Oxygen content tailored magnetic and electronic properties in cobaltite double perovskite thin films

Oxygen content in transition metal oxides is one of the most important parameters to control for the desired physical properties. Recently, we have systematically studied the oxygen content and property relationship of the double perovskite PrBaCo2O5.5+δ (PBCO) thin films deposited on the LaAlO3 substrates. The oxygen content in the films was varied by in-situ annealing in a nitrogen, oxygen, or ozone environment. Associated with the oxygen content, the out-of-plane lattice parameter progressively decreases with increasing oxygen content in the films. The saturated magnetization shows a drastic increase and resistivity is significantly reduced in the ozone annealed samples, indicating the strong coupling between physical properties and oxygen content. These results demonstrate that the magnetic properties of PBCO films are highly dependent on the oxygen contents, or the film with higher oxygen uptake has the largest magnetization.
Quantized acoustic-phonon shear horizontal modes in an unbounded hexagonal nitride-based piezoelectric nanostructure

Abstract For the first time a quantum mechanics based theoretical description of acoustic-phonon shear horizontal modes in a class of piezoelectric media is proposed. The quantized acoustic modes that are needed in the transition from the microscale to the nanoscale are derived for a resonator with geometries of interest in optoelectronics and nanoelectronics. The acoustic-phonon frequency dispersion relations are obtained quantum mechanically for odd and even symmetry shear horizontal modes. It is shown that the derived dispersion relations are identical to the previously reported dispersion relations obtained classically as is expected. For each symmetry, the phonon-mode amplitude is derived in terms of the energy of the quantized vibrational mode, which is of great importance for modelling carrier-acoustic phonon interactions. Moreover, the product of quality factor and frequency ( Q . f ) have been estimated for AlN and GaN resonators by using the anharmonic phonon scattering theory. Furthermore, the electrical surface perturbation in the piezoelectric nanoresonator is studied and the resulting resonance frequency shift is determined.
Design and Optimization of 3-D Frequency-Selective Surfaces Based on a Multiobjective Lazy Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm

Frequency-selective surfaces (FSSs) have many applications in spatial filtering of electromagnetic waves and are commonly used in antennas, polarizers, radomes, and intelligent architecture. Conventional FSS designs have ranged from canonical shapes and fractal patterns on planar surfaces to miniaturized and multilayer designs, with stable filtering responses up to 50°. Much less work has been done on 3-D FSS designs, which include multiresonant structures or cavities that offer improved angular stability, with fields of view up to 60°. Recent advances in additive manufacturing techniques have made fully 3-D FSS designs increasingly popular; however, powerful design tools to exploit such fabrication methods are currently unavailable. In this paper, multiobjective lazy ant colony optimization (MOLACO), an adaptive combinatorial optimization algorithm based on ant colony optimization, is introduced and applied to the problem of polarization and angle independent 3-D FSS design. It will be shown that the MOLACO algorithm generates several innovative and unintuitive unit cell geometries with a single-zero, single-pole response, less than 1% shift from center frequencies and −10 dB rejection and 3 dB transmission bandwidths between 6%–12% for angles of incidence up to 80° in TE and TM polarizations. Comparisons are made between designs generated by MOLACO and existing FSS designs.
Protected, Not Removable: Foreign National Trafficking Victims and the Immigration Policies of the Trump Administration

This article looks at the issue of foreign national trafficking victims who have been charged with crimes in connection with their being trafficked, in relation to the current immigration policies of the Trump administration, which encourage immigration agents to detain, with the aim of removal, those foreign nationals who are charged with criminal offenses in the U.S. The article proposes that, even under the immigration policies of the Trump administration, the advancement of protection for foreign national trafficking victims is possible and critical. Part I provides a background on the issue of human trafficking and illustrates, in particular, the circumstances in which foreign national trafficking victims may become criminal defendants in the justice system. Part II discusses the legal protections and mechanisms currently in place to protect foreign national trafficking victims and to divert defendant-victims toward services. Part III discusses the implications of the new immigration policies of the Executive Branch and argues that these policies do not change the protections in place for foreign national trafficking victims, even those who may become criminal defendants. This Part also proposes three ways to counter the negative impact of the current immigration policies for foreign national trafficking victims. This article concludes that maintenance and expansion of protections for all trafficking victims is essential to the global fight against trafficking, and this fight is one that should not slacken with a change of national administration.