cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acetate acts as a protonophore and differentially affects bead movement and cell migration of the gliding bacterium Cytophaga johnsonae (Flavobacterium johnsoniae)

Cells of Cytophaga johnsonae (now Flavobacterium johnsoniae) are able to translocate on solid surfaces but are unable to swim in liquid media. Organelles that may be involved in this gliding motility have not been detected, and the mechanism(s) responsible remains unknown. The movement of latex beads attached to the cell surface is considered by some to be a manifestation of the gliding machinery. In this study, acetate (in nutrient-level quantity, 45 mom) was found to inhibit bead movement on cell surfaces, whilst formation and movement of groups of cells (rafts) and typical colony spread were not affected; generation time (in liquid culture) was only slightly increased. Since acetate is a weak acid and is recognized as a protonophore, various electron-transport-associated features were assessed in an effort to understand the differential effects of acetate on bead movement and cell motility. Selected protonophores and electron transport inhibitors were tested to compare their effects on cell translocation and metabolic activities with those of acetate. Although O2 consumption was not significantly affected in the presence of acetate and the protonmotive force decreased only minimally, ATP levels were markedly decreased. Arsenate and cyanide were also shown to inhibit bead movement but did not inhibit either movement of rafts of cells or colony spreading. Cyanide lowered O2 consumption, while arsenate did not; both compounds effected substantial decreases in cellular ATP content, but little or no decrease in protonmotive force. The inhibitory effects of these compounds on bead movement over cell surfaces contrasted with the continued ability of cells to form rafts, to glide and to form spreading colonies and led to the conclusion that bead movement is not a complete correlate of the gliding machinery of C. johnsonae. In addition, it seems likely that bead movement is more affected by the level of cellular ATP than it is by the protonmotive force, which has been assumed to provide the energy (derived from the transmembrane gradients) for the gliding machinery.
An Account Analysis Of PCAOB Inspection Reports For Triennially-Inspected Audit Firms

Since 2005, the PCAOB (Public Company Accounting Oversight Board) has been issuing inspection reports for triennially-inspected audit firms as part of its overall mission to improve audit quality. This study analyzes the findings in the PCAOB inspection reports by classifying the audit deficiencies cited in the reports by area of deficiency and type of audit failure. CPA firms can utilize these findings in their efforts to reduce client engagement audit risk. The results indicate that the overall number of cited deficiencies is declining each year, revenue and asset accounts are the most frequently cited accounts, business combinations and equity transactions are the most cited transactions, and insufficient testing or documentation is the primary type of audit failure. We also document that most departures from GAAP occur in the accounting for business transactions or in liability accounts.
Themes, links and public forums: Developing student art criticism research projects through blogs

This article describes how the use of blogs to facilitate student research projects in a university art criticism class proved beneficial to both students and instructors. The results of surveys administered to students during the semester and at the conclusion of the course demonstrate positive learning outcomes as a result of modifications to an existing art criticism course to include personal blogs. The authors include the co-teachers of the course and a former student, reflecting on her experience several semesters after the conclusion of the course. Relative literature, course design and students’ opinions of blogging as a course requirement, as well as benefits and challenges encountered in the process are addressed.
Partial-Wave Dispersion Relations for the Process π+π→N+N¯

The problems of pion-nucleon and nucleon-nucleon scattering and nucleon electromagnetic structure involve the matrix element for two pions producing a nucleon-antinucleon pair. By use of the Mandelstam representation we are able to write dispersion relations for the partial-wave scattering amplitudes of this process. In the low-energy range these dispersion relations can be transformed into integral equations whose kernels are simply related to pion-nucleon and pion-pion scattering amplitudes.
Le fort fractures

In 1901, Rene Le Fort published his experimental findings of facial fracture patterns. His studies involved subjecting cadaver skulls to various forces of impact and analyzing the fractures that resulted. He described that fractures tended to occur in characteristic locations, which he noted corresponded to relatively weak areas of the facial skeleton [1]. With these findings, he introduced the term “pillars of resistance,” which represent the strongest areas of the facial skeleton, and the fracture patterns he found occurred between these pillars. His report outlined three patterns of fractures with each bearing his name followed by a number, I, II, or III, depending on their location.
An algorithmic approach to multi-layer wrinkling

Wrinkling, when a thin stiff film adhered to a compliant substrate deforms sinusoidally out of plane due to compression, is a well understood phenomenon in bi-layer systems. However, when there are more than two layers, the wrinkling behavior of the multi-layer system is, at present, not fully understood. In this paper, we provide an analytical solution for wrinkling in tri-layer systems where the additional layers can contribute to either the film stiffness or substrate stiffness. Then, we provide an algorithmic approach for extending our tri-layer analytical solution to systems with multiple additional layers. Our analytical solution and algorithmic approach are verified numerically using the finite element method. Using our methodology, wrinking can be predicted and controlled in multi-layer systems, with applications ranging from stretchable electronics to biomimetic design. In this paper, we demonstrate that our model can be used to understand wrinkling behavior in epidermal electronics.
HIV Infection Itself May Not Be Associated With Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease Among African Americans Without Cardiovascular Symptoms

Background The key objectives of this study were to examine whether HIV infection itself is associated with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis and the potential contributions of cocaine use and antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) to subclinical coronary artery disease (CAD) in HIV‐infected persons. Methods and Results Between June 2004 and February 2015, 1429 African American (AA) adults with/without HIV infection in Baltimore, Maryland, were enrolled in an observational study of the effects of HIV infection, exposure to ART, and cocaine use on subclinical CAD. The prevalence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis was 30.0% in HIV‐uninfected and 33.7% in HIV‐infected ( P =0.17). Stratified analyses revealed that compared to HIV‐uninfected, HIV‐infected ART naive were at significantly lower risk for subclinical coronary atherosclerosis, whereas HIV‐infected long‐term ART users (≥36 months) were at significantly higher risk. Thus, an overall nonsignificant association between subclinical coronary atherosclerosis and HIV was found. Furthermore, compared to those who were ART naive, long‐term ART users (≥36 months) were at significantly higher risk for subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in chronic cocaine users, but not in those who never used cocaine. Cocaine use was independently associated with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. Conclusions Overall, HIV infection, per se, was not associated with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in this population. Cocaine use was prevalent in both HIV‐infected and ‐uninfected individuals and itself was associated with subclinical disease. In addition, cocaine significantly elevated the risk for ART‐associated subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. Treating cocaine addiction must be a high priority for managing HIV disease and preventing HIV/ART‐associated subclinical and clinical CAD in individuals with HIV infection.
Effect of low-dose interleukin-2 on disease relapse after T-cell- depleted allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

T-cell depletion of donor bone marrow has been associated with an increased risk of disease relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2), which is capable of increasing the antileukemic activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from patients who have undergone BMT, has been proposed as a potentially useful agent to reduce the risk of relapse post-BMT. We have previously shown that IL-2 administered to patients at very low doses after BMT is both clinically tolerable and immunologically active. We now report on the clinical outcome of 29 patients treated with low-dose IL-2 after CD6-depleted allogenic BMT for hematologic malignancy. IL-2 was administered by continuous infusion for up to 3 months beginning at a median of 67 days post-BMT. Eligibility requirements for IL-2 therapy included demonstration of stable engraftment and absence of acute grade 2-4 graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Low-dose IL-2 was well tolerated by the majority of patients, with only 4 of 29 subjects withdrawn early. Acute GVHD developed in only one individual. After 12 weeks of treatment, the mean number of circulating natural killer cells in patients increased 10-fold without any significant change in T-cell number. Of the 25 patients who received > or = 1 month of IL-2, only 6 have relapsed. Relapse rate and disease-free survival (DFS) were determined in the 25 patients who completed at least 4 weeks of IL-2 treatment and compared with historical controls transplanted at our institution for the same conditions and treated with an identical ablative regimen and method of T-cell depletion. Only control patients who had survived disease free for 100 days post-BMT were included in this analysis. Cox's proportional hazards regression model suggested that, compared with control patients without a history of GVHD, patients treated with IL-2 had a lower risk of disease relapse (hazard ratio 0.34; range, 0.14 to 0.82) and superior DFS (hazard ratio 0.39; range 0.18 to 0.87). A randomized controlled trial of IL-2 immunotherapy after T-cell-depleted BMT should now be undertaken.
Spectral and physicochemical characterization of dysprosium-based multifunctional ionic liquid crystals.

We report on the synthesis and characterization of multifunctional ionic liquid crystals (melting points below 100 °C) which possess chirality and fluorescent behavior as well as mesomorphic and magnetic properties. In this regard, (1R,2S)-(−)-N-methylephedrine ((−)MeEph), containing a chiral center, is linked with variable alkyl chain lengths (e.g., 14, 16, and 18 carbons) to yield liquid crystalline properties in the cations of these compounds. A complex counteranion consisting of trivalent dysprosium (Dy3+) and thiocyanate ligand (SCN–) is employed, where Dy3+ provides fluorescent and magnetic properties. Examination of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and hot-stage polarizing optical microscopy (POM) data confirmed liquid crystalline characteristics in these materials. We further report on phase transitions from solid to liquid crystal states, followed by isotropic liquid states with increasing temperature. These compounds exhibited two characteristic emission peaks in acetonitrile solution and...
Reflectivity of warm dense deuterium along the principal Hugoniot

We studied the behavior of the reflectivity along the principal Hugoniot of deuterium for shock velocities from 20 to 60 km/s in the warm dense matter regime using molecular dynamics simulations within a Kohn-Sham density-functional formulation. We find that in the wavelength range between 400 and 1000 nm the reflectivity shows a change in form as a function of shock velocity (pressure) around 45 km/s as the medium transforms from a poor to a good conductor, corresponding to concomitant change in the frequency-dependent electrical conductivity. Therefore, the behavior of the reflectivity can serve as an effective experimental probe into the basic nature of an environment under extreme conditions.
Erythropoietic stimulating factor (ESF) as a stimulant of tumor growth.

SummaryFour experimental procedures have been tested for ability to increase ESF concentrations (as measured by Fe59 uptake) and increase tumor growth. It was concluded that ESF extracts prepared by a modified method of Borsook or the method of White and procedures which increase endogenous ESF production (partial hepatectomy and cobalt chloride administration) are capable of stimulating Novikoff hepatoma growth in rats.
The El Niño That Finally Was and the Drought That Finally Ended

ABSTRACTThe second worst drought in Texas history began in 2011 and ended abruptly in the spring of 2015 with exceptionally heavy rains linked to an El Nino event in the Pacific. The drought was exceeded only by the drought of record in the early 1950s that also ended with a strong El Nino in the spring of 1957. This begs the question of what is the history of drought termination in Texas by El Nino events? In reviewing the Texas drought record since 1950, half the droughts did end with increased rainfall during winter into spring El Nino events.
Unwanted guests: Bacterial microbiome in COPD

COPD is the third leading cause of death in the United States. A major component of its natural history is ongoing inflammatory injury despite smoking cessation. Differences have been reported in the respiratory microbiome of COPD patients compared with healthy individuals, and thus it is possible
Luminescent Mechanochromism in a Gold(I)–Copper(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex

The silver(I) species [Ag(benzim(CH2py)2)2]PF6 (1) was prepared by refluxing the ligand precursor [H(benzim(CH2py)2)2]PF6 with Ag2O and aqueous sodium hydroxide in dichloromethane. Simple transmetalation of 1 with tetrahydrothiophenegold(I) chloride forms the gold(I) analogue [Au(benzim(CH2py)2)2]PF6 (2). The addition of 2 equiv of [Cu(NCCH3)4]PF6 to 2 in acetonitrile produces a blue-luminescent, trimetallic complex, [AuCu2(benzim(CH2py)2)2(NCCH3)4](PF6)3·2CH3CN (3·2CH3CN). When blue-luminescent 3·2CH3CN is exposed to air, the complex loses four acetonitrile molecules, and the emission of the desolvated complex (4) appears aquamarine. Crystallization of 4 from different solvents produces the complexes [AuCu2(benzim(CH2py)2)2](PF6)3 (5) and [AuCu2(benzim(CH2py)2)2(NCCH2CH3)2](PF6)3 (6). Upon grinding, both 3·2CH3CN and 4 exhibit mechanochromic transformations to a yellow-luminescent powder (ground-4). The reversible mechanochromic transformation of 3·2CH3CN to ground-4 is a crystalline-to-amorphous convers...
Rapid scanning confocal microscopy.

Publisher Summary This chapter evaluates the extent to which scanning confocal microscopy at video rates achieves the goal of joining sensitivity with high spatial and temporal resolution. The chapter describes physical and theoretical limits imposed by optics, photochemistry, and light detection on reaching this goal. The chapter reviews currently available technology for video rate confocal microscopy, with particular attention to the specific requirements of the analysis of physiological behavior. In the confocal microscopy, the object is illuminated and observed so that the light from out-of-focus planes is eliminated from the image. This is accomplished by illuminating a single diffraction-limited volume in the object and observing the light transmitted, reflected, or emitted by that point. A full image is generated as either the specimen or the light beam is moved sequentially to examine each point in the object. Multiple points can be simultaneously scanned if they are spaced widely enough that interference between adjacent points is eliminated.
Optimizing Irrigation of Fresh Market Tomato Grown in the Mid-Atlantic United States

Determining irrigation requirements for fresh market tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production is essential to obtain optimum yields, cost-effective water use, and minimize nitrate leaching. The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate irrigation rate for polyethylene-mulched fresh market tomato grown in Virginia. This study investigated irrigation regimes by applying water based on evapotranspiration (ET) calculations in three spring and three fall seasons. Plants were grown using 0.0 · ET, 0.5 · ET, 1.0 · ET, 1.5 · ET, and 2.0 · ET. Additional irrigation treatments involved tensiometers installed at 12-inch depth in the bed, programmed to irrigate at soil moisture set points of L20, L40, and L60 kPa. Tensiometer treatments were able to irrigate up to nine times per day if soil moisture fell below the designated moisture set point. Measurements included fruit yield, plant and fruit nitrogen (N) uptake, and inorganic soil nitrate-N (NO3-N) at 0 to 10-, 10 to 20-, and 20 to 30-inch depths. Overall, the 0.5 · ET treatment provided optimum yields in all growing seasons except Spring 2010, which was unseasonably hot and dry. A tensiometer treatment (L40 kPa) provided optimum yields in all growing seasons, and was able to adjust irrigation in a hot and dry season. Residual soil NO3-N at 0 to 10 inches generally exhibited an inverse relationship with yield; greater yields resulted in less residual soil NO3-N. In most treatments throughout the duration of this study, plant N uptake D fruit N uptake accounted for most of the N fertilizer applied (68% to 151%). In conclusion, an irrigation rate of 0.5 · ET and a tensiometer treatment (L40 kPa) provided minimal irrigation inputs to obtain optimum marketable yields while also minimizing residual soil nitrate that may be prone to leaching after the season.
A revision of the Western Australian endemic humicolous beetle genus Tympallopatrum Perkins (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)

The Western Australian endemic humicolous beetle genus Tympallopatrum Perkins is revised. A key to the four known species is given. Three new species are described: T. aureolum (12 km W. Walpole, Walpole National Park, Mt. Clare), T. callosum (Beedelup National Park, 20 km W. Pemberton), and T. curvicostum (Porongurup National Park, Bolganup Creek). These rare, markedly sculptured beetles were collected from litter and/or fungi, or by pyrethrin fogging of bark, usually near streams or moist habitats. High resolution digital images of the holotypes are presented (online version in color), male genitalia are illustrated, and geographic distributions are mapped.
Jaźń w perspektywie biologicznej

In Total Recall the hero discovers that his good-guy self is just implanted memories. His body used to be occupied by another, vicious self, whose allies want back. This fantasy gains some plausibility from the traditional conception of the self as a collection of experiences kept in memory — a unified conscious self that makes our experiences feel ours. Great fiction, bad neuroscience. There is no central brain structure that corresponds to that self, and some scientists have concluded that the self is an illusion. The notion that the self tags our experiences as ours seems to be wrong. And the idea that the self is a collection of remembered experiences turns out to be false. We propose instead a revolutionary biological conception of the self: The brain has evolved to constitute a self that is mostly unconscious and distributive, which does away with the paradoxes, explains all the seemingly contradictory experimental results, and opens up new avenues of research in neuroscience.
General Purpose Embedded Operating Systems

This chapter describes the design and implementation of a general purpose operating system, denoted by EOS, for ARM uniprocessor based embedded systems. EOS is a complete and fully functional OS, which runs on ARM virtual machines. It supports process management, memory management, device drivers, timer service, interprocess communication, file system and user interface. It describes the internal organizations and capabilities of the EOS system. It shows the implementations of the file system and user interface in detail. It unifies exceptions handling with signal processing, allowing users to install signal catchers to handle signals in user mode. It also shows how to develop booter programs to boot up the EOS system from SDC partitions.
The Sex Ratio of Children Born to Schizophrenics and a Theory of Stress

This study corroborates a finding by Shearer, Davidson, and Finch that schizophrenic women have more female than male offspring. Further analysis shows that this pattern is determined mainly by children of black schizophrenic mothers, children of reactive schizophrenic mothers, and children born before their mothers’ first hospitalization. A similar analysis of children of schizophrenic fathers, however, also shows some differences in sex ratio from the normal population. The combined results are explained in terms of stress rather than by some chemical processes unique to schizophrenia.
Gender Equality and State Executions Within and Across 100 Countries From 1997 to 2010

The achievement of gender equality requires strong support from the state and changes, in turn, the behavior of the state in both domestic and international arenas. Research suggests that an increa...
Adsorption of size-polydisperse particles on sinusoidally corrugated surfaces

We use adhesion model based on Monte Carlo computer simulation to study adsorption of core-shell spherical particles of polydisperse sizes onto sinusoidally corrugated substrates with predefined am...
Completion of Requirements in Iowa’s Medicaid Expansion Premium Disincentive Program, 2014–2015

Objectives. To evaluate rates of member compliance with Iowa’s Medicaid expansion premium disincentive program.Methods. We used 2014 to 2015 Iowa Medicaid data to construct rolling 12-month cohorts of Wellness Plan and Marketplace Choice members (Iowa’s 2 Medicaid expansion waiver programs for individuals ≤ 100% and 101%–138% of the federal poverty level, respectively), calculated completion rates for required activities (i.e., wellness examinations and health risk assessments), and identified factors associated with program compliance.Results. Overall, 18.5% of Wellness Plan and 12.5% of Marketplace Choice members completed both activities (P < .001). From 2014 to 2015, completion rates for both activities decreased for Wellness Plan members but increased for Marketplace Choice members. Members who were younger, male, or non-White were less likely to complete required activities.Conclusions. Approximately 81% of Wellness Plan members and 87% of Marketplace Choice members failed to comply with program req...
A Planar, Broadband, Metamaterial-Based, Transmission-Line Beamformer

A broadband, seven-port beamformer is designed and fabricated using printed-circuit, tensor transmission-line metamaterials. The beamformer is first modeled as a 2-D medium with an unknown inhomogeneous, anisotropic material distribution: scalar permittivity $\epsilon _{z}(x,y)$ and tensor permeability $\bar {\bar {\mu }}(x,y)$ . Then, a recently developed optimization procedure is employed to determine $\epsilon _{z}(x,y)$ and $\bar {\bar {\mu }}(x,y)$ and subsequently realized using tensor transmission-line metamaterials. The beamformer is designed to switch beams in 10° increments from −30° to 30° in azimuth, over a broad range of frequencies. Measurement results exhibit good agreement with the prescribed design goals. The reported beamformer offers several advantages compared with traditional beamformers, including the stipulation of arbitrary output fields, flat input/output interfaces, and a broad bandwidth performance.
A General Piecewise Linear Canning Problem Model

This paper presents a general canning problem model consisting of a piecewise linear profit function with two breakpoints. The model is flexible enough to include several previous models as special cases. In addition, the model covers situations heretof..
Short-term Lupron or danazol therapy for pelvic endometriosis

Objective To compare the efficacy of a 3-month trial of leuprolide acetate (LA; Lupron; TAP Pharmaceuticals, Deerfield, IL) versus danazol (Danocrine; Scenofi Winthrup Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY) therapy on laparoscopically proven endometriosis. Design Endometriosis severity was assessed at the time of laparoscopy and patients were randomized to receive 0.1mg SC LA (n=22) or 800mg danazol orally (n=18) daily for 3 months. A second laparoscopy and/or laparotomy was performed to assess the change in the extent of endometriosis and for surgical therapy. Setting Private practice at a university-affiliated hospital. Patients Forty patients with mild, moderate, or severe endometriosis. Ten patients were excluded. Intervention Three-month treatment randomly assigned to either LA or danazol. Main Outcome Measures Prospective measurement of American Fertility Society endometriosis scores and size of ovarian endometriomata before and after therapy via laparoscopy. Results The mean endometriosis score including adhesions decreased significantly from 36±4.9 to 29±5.0 (mean±SEM) with LA and from 34±6.4 to 29±6.5 with danazol. The mean laparoscopic endometriosis score not including adhesions decreased from 27±3.5 to 22±3.4 with LA and 22±3.5 to 19±3.1 with danazol. Seven of 18 (39%) endometriomata responded to LA and 6 of 15 (40%) endometriomata responded to danazol. Conclusion We conclude that both danazol and LA will reduce endometriosis scores after a 3-month course of therapy. Larger clinical trials are needed to compare short courses of therapy with the more established 6-month trials. A 3-month versus a 6-month course of therapy offers obvious benefits including decreased cost and decreased side effects.
Governing Equations of Blood Flow and Respective Numerical Methods

Coronary heart disease which is a major cause of heart failure in the United States has a focal nature which is due to local hemodynamic disturbances. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method has become a powerful approach to understand blood flows in the cardiovascular system and its local features. This chapter outlines the field equations for blood flow and some of the approaches for numerical solutions. Specifically, the text focuses on the finite difference (FD) and finite element (FE) methods with applications to blood flow dynamics in coronary arteries.
Methods for Homogeneous Slopes

The normal and the simplified Bishop methods presented so far are based on the method of slices. However, the friction circle method, originally proposed by Taylor (1937), considers the stability of the entire sliding mass as a whole. The disadvantage of the friction circle method is that it can only be applied to a homogeneous slope with a given angle of internal friction. Although this method is of limited utility, an understanding of it will give insight into the problem of stability analysis.
The Subray Method of Characteristics

The MPACT code is being jointly developed by the University of Michigan and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. It uses the 2-D/1-D method to solve neutron transport problems for reactors. The 2-D/1-D m...
Here’s a Badge! A Theory-Driven Approach to Understanding Gamification in Organizations

Gamification is a topic with profound challenges that must be overcome before its potential can be realized. Current perspectives on gamification are fundamentally limited by a failure to identify ...
SCATTERSEARCH: Visual Querying of Scatterplot Visualizations.

Scatterplots are one of the simplest and most commonly-used visualizations for understanding quantitative, multidimensional data. However, since scatterplots only depict two attributes at a time, analysts often need to manually generate and inspect large numbers of scatterplots to make sense of large datasets with many attributes. We present a visual query system for scatterplots, SCATTERSEARCH, that enables users to visually search and browse through large collections of scatterplots. Users can query for other visualizations based on a region of interest or find other scatterplots that "look similar'' to a selected one. We present two demo scenarios, provide a system overview of SCATTERSEARCH, and outline future directions.
Association between regional brain volumes and BMI z-score change over one year in children.

Purpose Associations between brain region volume and weight status have been observed in children cross-sectionally. However, it is unclear if differences in brain region volume precede weight gain. Methods Two high-quality structural brain images were obtained approximately one year apart in 53 children aged 9–12 years old. Children’s height and weight were also measured at each scan. Structural images were processed using the FreeSurfer software-package providing volume measures for regions of interest including the entorhinal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and hippocampus. Age- and sex-adjusted BMI z-scores (BMIz) were calculated at both timepoints. The association between brain region volume and BMIz was examined cross-sectionally using linear regression and longitudinally using structural equation modeling. All models were adjusted by estimated cranial volume to account for individual variation in head size and were corrected for multiple comparisons (pFDR<0.05). Results The sample of children was primarily healthy weight at baseline (79.78%). Cross-sectionally at the one-year follow-up, a positive relationship was observed between right hippocampal volume and BMIz (β = 0.43, 95% CI = (0.10, 0.77)). Longitudinally a negative relationship was observed between right entorhinal volume at baseline and BMIz at the one-year follow-up (β = −0.25, 95% CI = (−0.44, −0.07)). Conclusion These results suggest that measured volumes from certain regions of the brain that have been associated with BMI in adults are associated with both concurrent BMIz and BMIz change over one-year in a primarily healthy weight sample of children. As the entorhinal cortex integrates signals from both reward and control regions, this region may be particularly important to weight management during child development.
Perceived Discrimination Based on Criminal Record in Healthcare Settings and Self-Reported Health Status among Formerly Incarcerated Individuals

Perceived discrimination based on criminal record is associated with social determinants of health such as housing and employment. However, there is limited data on discrimination based on criminal record within health care settings. We examined how perceived discrimination based on criminal record within health care settings, among individuals with a history of incarceration, was associated with self-reported general health status. We used data from individuals recruited from 11 sites within the Transitions Clinic Network (TCN) who were released from prison within the prior 6 months, had a chronic health condition and/or were age 50 or older, and had complete information on demographics, medical history, self-reported general health status, and self-reported perceived discrimination (n = 743). Study participants were mostly of minority racial and ethnic background (76%), and had a high prevalence of self-reported chronic health conditions with half reporting mental health conditions and substance use disorders (52% and 50%, respectively), and 85% reporting one or more chronic medical conditions. Over a quarter (27%, n = 203) reported perceived discrimination by health care providers due to criminal record with a higher proportion of individuals with fair or poor health reporting discrimination compared to those in good or excellent health (33% vs. 23%; p = .002). After adjusting for age and reported chronic conditions, participants reporting discrimination due to criminal record had 43% increased odds of reporting fair/poor health (AOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.01–2.03). Race and ethnicity did not modify this relationship. Participants reporting discrimination due to criminal record had increased odds of reporting fair/poor health. The association between perceived discrimination by health care providers due to criminal record and health should be explored in future longitudinal studies among individuals at high risk of incarceration. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT01863290
“Mind above matter”: Work, gender, and social class in Susanna Moodie’s immigration memoirs

This article examines Susanna Moodie’s memoirs in the context of changing narratives around immigration and social class in the 1830s. She overtly engaged with the age’s boosterist literature, warn...
Introduction to Systematic Approach and Mental Training

Mental training is defined as the cognitive rehearsal of a task in the absence of overt physical movement, in which the systematic use of mental imagery is used to rehearse an action or skill symbolically without any physical movement. This technique results in an activation of similar neural pathways to those used in the actual physical activity.
Experimental Invasions Using Biological Control Introductions: The Influence of Release Size on the Chance of Population Establishment

Introductions of biological control organisms offer a unique opportunity to experimentally study the process of invasion by exotic species. I used two chrysomelid beetles, Galerucella calmariensis and Galerucella pusilla, which are currently being introduced into North America for the biological control of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), to determine how the initial size of a release affects the probability that the introduced population grows and persists. I released both species into stands of their host plant at 36 sites scattered throughout central New York State using four release sizes: 20, 60, 180, and 540. I returned to these sites over the next 3 years to census the populations. For both species, the probability of population establishment increased with release size. Population growth rates also depended positively on release size. The implication from these results is that the demographic factors whose influence depends on population size or density such as demographic stochasticity, Allee effects, and genetics play important roles in the establishment of invading populations. A second set of releases was used to determine if it was at all possible for a single gravid female to found a population. Out of twenty individual females released, one female (a G. calmariensis) founded a population that persisted until the end of the study (3 generations).
Clonal competition in a confined space

Many normal tissues are populated by clonal expansions that compete for space. Colom et al. now show that mutant clones keep other mutant clones in check by effectively annulling one another’s advantages.
State of Ohio v. Ross Compton: Internet-enabled medical device data introduced as evidence of arson and insurance fraud:

The data generated by Internet of Things devices is increasingly being introduced as evidence in court. The first US case involving the introduction of medical data from a pacemaker as evidence of ...
High-Performance Structural Batteries

Download : Download high-res image (193KB) Download : Download full-size image Brandon J. Hopkins is a National Research Council postdoctoral fellow at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) focused on advancing next-generation electrochemical energy systems. Hopkins received his PhD at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) where he worked on aqueous metal–air batteries. As a master’s candidate at MIT, he was part of the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) where he created gravity-driven flow batteries using semi-solid suspensions. He received his bachelor’s degree from Harvard University and interned at Akamai Technologies, Inc. and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Download : Download high-res image (181KB) Download : Download full-size image Debra Rolison (left) heads and Jeffrey Long (center) and Joseph Parker (right) are members of the Advanced Electrochemical Materials Section at NRL. They design, synthesize, characterize, and prototype 3D-structured, ultraporous, multifunctional, hold-in-your-hand nanoarchitectures for such rate-critical applications as catalysis, energy storage and conversion, ultrafiltration, and sensors. They recently demonstrated that reformulating zinc into a monolithic sponge form-factor allows Zn-based batteries to be cycled at high rate to high specific energy without forming cell-shorting dendrites. They received their PhDs in Chemistry from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1980, 1997, and 2010, respectively.
Childhood Trauma-Related Interventions: Treatment at Different Stages Across the Life Span

This chapter provides an overview of current interventions and psychotherapy treatments for childhood-related traumas. The implementation of evidence-based trauma-focused mental health services that are timely, effective, and developmentally appropriate is crucial in restoring psychological functioning and minimizing long-term negative effects after a traumatic event. We suggest a phase model of intervention comprised of three levels of response: (1) Psychological First Aid (PFA), a Level 1 intervention implemented during the first few hours, days, or weeks after a trauma; (2) Crisis Intervention/Skills for Psychological Recovery (SPR), a Level 2 intervention used weeks or months after a traumatic event where the goal is to restore psychosocial functioning and minimize psychological sequalae; and (3) Psychotherapy, a Level 3 response that includes use of evidence-based treatments. Within each phase, we review issues as well as therapeutic strategies that can be considered across different developmental periods. This chapter provides a framework for managing crises and providing psychotherapy to those who would benefit from more intensive treatment.
Social determinants of mental health care systems: intensive community based Care in the Veterans Health Administration.

Since deinstitutionalization in the 1950s–1970s, public mental health care has changed its focus from asylums to general hospitals, outpatient clinics and specialized community-based programs addressing both clinical and social determinants of mental health. Analysis of the place of community-based programs within a comprehensive health system such as the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) may illuminate the role of social forces in shaping contemporary public mental health systems. National VHA administrative data were used to compare veterans who exclusively received outpatient clinic care to those receiving four types of specialized community-based services, addressing: 1) functional disabilities from severe mental illness (SMI), 2) justice system involvement, 3) homelessness, and 4) vocational rehabilitation. Bivariate comparisons and multinomial logistic regression analyses compared groups on demographics, diagnoses, service use, and psychiatric prescription fills. An hierarchical classification of 1,386,487 Veterans who received specialty mental health services from VHA in Fiscal Year 2012, showed 1,134,977 (81.8%) were seen exclusively in outpatient clinics; 27,931 (2.0%) received intensive SMI-related services; 42,985 (3.1%) criminal justice services; 160,273 (11.6%) specialized homelessness services; and 20,921 (1.5%) vocational services. Compared to those seen only in clinics, veterans in the four community treatment groups were more likely to be black, diagnosed with HIV and hepatitis, had more numerous substance use diagnoses and made far more extensive use of mental health outpatient and inpatient care. Almost one-fifth of VHA mental health patients receive community-based services prominently addressing major social determinants of health and multimorbid substance use disorders.
Optimistic Monte Carlo Tree Search with Sampled Information Relaxation Dual Bounds

In the paper, “Optimistic Monte Carlo Tree Search with Sampled Information Relaxation Dual Bounds,” the authors propose an extension to Monte Carlo tree search that uses the idea of “sampling the f...
The rain calls of frogs and the reigning paradigm of American herpetology

American zoologists and herpetologists during the past 50 years have successfully deciphered the mating calls of frogs and toads with ever increasing precision and sophistication. However, the voca...
The Attorney General’s Settlement Authority and the Separation of Powers

The Department of Justice has the authority to settle litigation against the United States. In doing so, the Attorney General can create policy that is difficult or impossible for successor administration to reverse. This paper reexamines the assumptions of prior literature concluding that the settlement authority poses grave separation of powers concerns, and instead shows why settlement—as part of the executive branch's litigation authority—is a proper part of executive decision-making. It concludes by demonstrating how the settlement authority could be harmonized with administrative law norms of transparency and judicial review.
Psychological Distress, Obsessive-Compulsive Thoughts about Drinking, and Alcohol Consumption in Young Adult Drinkers

Background: Psychological distress is an important predictor of heavy drinking, especially among lower-income drinkers. The mechanisms underlying this effect are not well understood. One possibilit...
MulTLoc: RF Hologram Tensor Filtering and Upscaling for Locating Multiple RFID Tags

In this paper, we present MulTLoc, a deep learning based indoor localization system for localizing multiple ultra-high frequency (UHF) passive RFID tags with RF hologram tensor filtering and upscaling. The proposed system leverages the RF hologram tensor as the input of the deep convolutional networks. The RF hologram tensor exhibits a strong relationship between the observation and the spatial location, which enhances the robustness of the system to the dynamic environment and equipment. To sanitize the RF hologram tensor, two architectures of deep networks are newly proposed. The hologram filter network suppresses the fake peaks resulting from the multipath and phase wrapping by leveraging the spatial relationship between tags. The tensor upscaling network recovers the high resolution hologram tensor from the output of the previous network, which enhances the localization accuracy of the system further. Comparing with the fingerprinting based localization systems using deep networks as the classifier, the networks in the MulTLoc system treat the localization problem as the regression problem, in which the ambiguity between fingerprints is reserved. To avoid the inherent errors in the fingerprinting based localization systems, the location estimation is given by intuitive peak finding algorithms using the recovered RF hologram tensor. We implement the proposed MulTLoc system with commodity RFID devices and verify its performance with extensive experiments.
Chaos in rainfall : variability, temporal scale and zeros

A recent study on rainfall observed at the Leaf River basin reports that the presence of a large number of zeros in the data significantly underestimates the correlation dimension. The present study attempts to verify such a claim, by making predictions and comparing the results with the correlation dimensions. A nonlinear prediction method, which uses the concept of reconstruction of a single-variable series in a multi-dimensional phase space to represent the underlying dynamics, is employed. Correlation dimension analysis of only the non-zero rainfall series is also carried out for further verification. Rainfall data of four different temporal resolutions (or scales), i.e. daily, 2-day, 4-day and 8-day, are analyzed. The predictions for the finer-resolution (i.e. higher-resolution) rainfall are found to be better than those obtained for the coarser-resolution (i.e. lower-resolution) rainfall and seem to be consistent with the variability vs. predictability logic in a deterministic sense, i.e. higher prediction accuracy for data with lower correlation dimension and vice versa. An important implication of this result is that the presence of (a large number of) zeros in the rainfall data may not always result in an underestimation of the correlation dimension. The correlation dimensions estimated for the non-zero rainfall series are not significantly different when compared to those obtained for series including zero values, supporting the above. These results suggest that the low correlation dimensions for rainfall (in particular finer-resolution ones that commonly have a large number of zeros), as reported by past studies, could well be, or at least closer to, the actual dimensions of the rainfall processes studied.
Constitutional Questions About Tax Lien Foreclosures

Local governments have traditionally viewed delinquent property taxes as a administrative burdens rather than potential assets. Recently, however, local governments have been turning tax liens into cash by selling bundled liens to investors. Purchasers of tax liens may not be aware of the implications of a 1983 U.S. Supreme Court decision requiring due process in property tax foreclosures. With properties from multiple jurisdictions with various foreclosure procedures, tax lien purchasers now must consider yet-undefined due process requirements when enforcing the liens.
Emigración y ambiente: apuntes iniciales sobre un tema complejo

This paper briefly explores the contributions of different authors to the definition and analytical elaboration of the relationship between migratory process...
Design of bandstop filters utilising circuit prototypes

A systematic circuit-oriented approach to the design of bandstop filters with pre-defined upper passband characteristics is presented. An experimental filter is built with a fundamental stopband centred at 1.085 GHz and a first spurious stopband centred at 5.4 GHz.
Newly-synthesized beta-tubulin demonstrates domain-specific interactions with the cytosolic chaperonin.

Tubulin folding requires two chaperone systems, i.e., the 900 kDa cytosolic chaperonin referred to as the TCP-1 complex or TRiC which facilitates folding of the alpha- and beta-tubulin subunits and a ca. 180 kDa complex which facilitates further assembly into heterodimer. beta-Tubulin mutants were expressed in rabbit reticulocyte lysates, and the effect of C-terminal, N-terminal, and internal deletions on the binding of beta-tubulin polypeptides to the 900 and 180 kDa complexes was ascertained. Proteolytic studies of chaperonin-bound beta-tubulin were also implemented. These studies support the concept of quasi-native chaperonin-bound intermediates [Tian et al. J. Biol. Chem. (1995) 270, 1-4]. Three "domains" similar in size to the domains in the native protein were implicated in facilitated folding: i.e., an internal or "M-domain" composed of residues approximately 140-260 which binds to TRiC; a "C-domain" composed of residues approximately 300-445 which interacts less strongly with TRiC and may contain regulatory sequences for tubulin release from the chaperonin; and an "N-domain" composed of residues approximately 1-140 which apparently does not interact with TRiC but does interact with the 180 kDa complex. The major TRiC-interacting region, residues approximately 150-350 (the "interactive core"), overlapped portions of the M- and C-domains and included a putative hydrophobic-rich interdomain segment which may be a preferential site of interaction with TRiC. This segment may also be important for microtubule assembly and/or tubulin dimer formation. Removal of two residues from the N-terminal end or ca. 27 residues from the C-terminal and caused the polypeptide to arrest on TRiC. It is proposed that N- and C-terminal regions of beta-tubulin structurally interact with TRiC-binding region approximately 150-350 to inhibit binding to TRiC.