cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Cortisone and Desoxycorticosterone on the Toxicity of Barbiturates

The effect of cortisone and desoxycorticosterone acetate in barbiturate poisoning was investigated. The toxic effect of low doses of pentobarbital was decreased by cortisone, while that of higher doses was increased by desoxycorticosterone. Both cortical steriods appeared to increase the toxicity of phenobarbital. The mechanism of this phenomenon is discussed.
Synthesizing Alcohols and Ketones by Photoinduced Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Hydrocarbons in TiO2 Film Reactors Prepared by Three Different Methods

The partial oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone on UV-irradiated titanium dioxide films in the presence of molecular oxygen at low temperatures and atmospheric pressure was studied. Three different coating methodologies (dip coating using titanium isopropoxide and commercially available titanium dioxide particles, sol-gel process, and flame aerosol process) were used to deposit the titanium dioxide films, and their effectiveness in partial oxidation of cyclohexane was compared. Conversions of the cyclohexane in the gas-phase reactor averaged between 1.1 and 8.7% per pass (8-s contact time) for the different film reactors. No detectable amount of carbon dioxide was generated. The selectivity for ketone formation ranged from 59 to 91%. The films produced by the flame aerosol method resulted in the highest yield per mass of catalyst used and showed no coking and deactivation for a total run time of approximately 10 h (2 cycles). The films were characterized by XRD, SEM, and TEM to establish the phase compositions, morphologies, and primary particle sizes, respectively. The flame aerosol coating resulted in the formation of high surface area aggregates consisting of nanometer-sized primary particles with high density (minimal internal porosity), whereas dip coating resulted in the formation of bulk crystallites that were moremore » susceptible to coking and deactivation. The flame-aerosol-deposited titania particles had more surface sites per unit mass for photooxidation and minimal intraparticle diffusion limitations.« less
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: Perceptions of Public Relations Practitioners

Public perception of public relations practitioners was measured using a telephone survey with a source manipulation experiment interwoven into a standard opinion poll. The nationwide sample (N = 593) revealed that sources affiliated with the organization on whose behalf they speak are viewed more negatively than unaffiliated sources. In addition, public relations practitioners were judged no more critically than other affiliated sources. Finally, a multiitem measure of public relations in general demonstrated that perceptions of practitioners are stable across demographics.
Racial variations in the choice of on-pump versus off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

Objective: To examine explanations of differences in utilization rates of a newly reintroduced technique – off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) – between racial minorities and Whites.Met...
Structural changes and stress state effects during inhomogeneous flow of metallic glasses

Abstract The inhomogeneous flow behavior of metallic glasses is reviewed. Structural changes associated with serrated flow and related models for yielding are highlighted. A broad range of experimental results, analytical models, and computer simulations indicate that metallic glasses exhibit asymmetry in tension and compression, consistent with the Mohr–Coulomb model for yielding.
Comparison of Meeting Indexes

Conferences, symposiums, and other meetings offer the promise of current information in changing fields, but it is sometimes difficult to learn when and where they will take place, and what their participants discuss. Two types of reference sources that facilitate access to such information are calendar indexes of forthcoming meetings, and indexes to the published proceedings of meetings. This paper focuses on three calendar indexes to scientific and technological meetings—Scientific Meetings, MInd: The Meetings Index, and World Meetings. These compilations of meeting calendars offer researchers and librarians important guides for planning and for keeping up to date in specific subject areas. (Wolman [1983] suggests that users of chemical information consult World Meetings to keep abreast of meetings in that field.) Meeting calendar indexes also serve as important retrospective reference aids in verifying, for example, the occurrence of past meetings, or in confirming whether proceedings were, to be published. Guides to scientific, medical, and technologic information, and guides to reference sources, list the index features briefly (for example, Roper and Boorkman 1980, 89–92); however, no previous evaluative comparisons of the three indexes were found in the literature.
In-plane Thermal and Electronic Transport in Quantum Dot Superlattice

We present a theoretical model in order to describe both thermal and electronic in-plane transports in quantum dot superlattice. The model takes into account the modifications of electron and phonon transport due to the space confinement caused by the mismatch in electronic and thermal properties between dot and host materials. The developed model provides the analysis of the in-plane superlattice electronic and thermal properties versus quantum dot size and their arrangement. Numerical calculations were carried out for a structure that consists of multiple layers of Si with regimented germanium quantum dots. The simulation results of the lattice thermal conductivity are in a good agreement with experimental data.
Pain severity in eating disorders predicts longer inpatient hospitalization

Objective: This study examined pain intensity (PI) in eating disorders. Method: Comparisons between inpatients (N 5 208) reporting moderate to severe pain (HiP) and no pain or mild pain (LoP) at admission were made, and the relationship between PI and treatment response was examined. Results: Patients with HiP were older, had a greater likelihood of having a bingeing and/or purging diagnosis, and reported greater body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, depressive symptomatology, and neuroticism in comparison to those with LoP. They were also more likely to report widespread pain, to catastrophize about pain and to use praying and hoping to cope with pain. PI was associated with longer length of inpatient hospitalization, even after controlling for degree of underweight, depressive symptomatology, and neurotic personality features.
ASPECTS OF POSTCOLLISION INTERACTIONS NEAR THE AR L SHELL

In the present work we are interested in near-threshold photoionization experiments involving postcollision effects related to the Auger decay of a vacancy in the Ar $L$ shell. In particular, we have measured the photoelectron energy spectrum resulting from the above postcollision interaction effects and have observed electrons produced by the process of electron capture and reemission.
Pregnancy does not increase the local recurrence rate after surgical resection of desmoid-type fibromatosis

Pregnancy has been reported as a risk factor for promoting growth and progression of desmoid-type fibromatosis because of the presumed role of estrogens in stimulating desmoid growth. In this study, the clinical outcomes of females who were pregnant 5 years or less before resection of desmoid tumor or who became pregnant after resection were compared to nulliparous females or females who were pregnant more than 5 years before resection. Obstetric histories of desmoid tumor patients were abstracted from medical records. Patients were grouped by pregnancy status as either: pregnancy-associated (pregnant up to 5 years before primary desmoid tumor resection or pregnant after resection) or not pregnancy-associated (nulliparous or pregnant more than 5 years before resection of desmoid tumor). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate pregnancy status as a predictor of desmoid tumor recurrence. There were 15 females who had pregnancy-associated desmoids (33 %) and 31 females who had non-pregnancy-associated desmoids (67 %). There were no differences in clinicopathologic features or recurrence-free survival between females of different pregnancy status in univariate or multivariate survival analyses. Recurrence-free survival rates among women recently pregnant before or pregnant after resection of desmoid tumor and nulliparous women or those with a remote history of pregnancy are comparable after adjusting for patient age, anatomic location, and completeness of surgical resection. Subsequent pregnancy should not be discouraged for reproductive-aged women after resection of desmoid-type fibromatosis.
Irradiance Linearity Corrections for Multiplier Phototubes

The principal causes of nonlinearity in vacuum multiplier phototubes when used with practical circuits are investigated. This investigation was made because the wide application of phototubes as irradiance measurement devices requires a linear detection system or a system of known nonlinearity. There are two principal causes of nonlinearity associated with multiplying photoemissive devices as used in practical circuits: (1) A dynamic plate impedance which is finite compared with the load impedance; (2) a responsivity which is a function of anode current, due to changing interelectrode voltages. The first cause of nonlinearity gives a measurement of irradiance which is less than the actual irradiance, whereas the second cause gives a reading which is too high. The effects are, therefore, compensating to a degree which depends on the specific tube and circuit parameters. An expression is derived to apply as a correction to irradiance measurements obtained with a particular multiplier phototube circuit configuration.
Typologies of e‐commerce retail failures and recovery strategies

Purpose – The authors propose focusing on e‐commerce service failure and recovery through the presentation of failure and recovery strategies employed by e‐commerce service firms.Design/methodology/approach – The authors employ the critical incident technique using 377 customer responses to present ten e‐tail failures and 11 e‐tail recovery strategies used by e‐commerce service firms. The authors also present data on post‐recovery satisfaction levels and propensity to switch behavior.Findings – Findings indicate that: e‐tail customers experience different types of service failure relative to traditional retail settings; e‐tail firms employ a different series of recovery strategies relative to traditional retail settings; and post‐recovery switching by e‐tail customers can be high even with satisfying experiences.Originality/value – This paper strengthens the existing failure and recovery literature by presenting data on the largest growing sector of the service industry. These findings will have value to ...
Diagnosis and treatment of retrobulbar hemorrhage

Complete loss of light perception in an eye is one of the most severe complications of maxillofacial surgery. Although irreversible in many cases, early recognition and prompt intervention may improve the final outcome. The purpose of this article is to review the etiology and pathophysiology of retrobulbar hemorrhage, and discuss its diagnosis and management.
Molecular determinants of force production in human skeletal muscle fibers: effects of myosin isoform expression and cross-sectional area

Skeletal muscle contractile performance is governed by the properties of its constituent fibers, which are, in turn, determined by the molecular interactions of the myofilament proteins. To define the molecular determinants of contractile function in humans, we measured myofilament mechanics during maximal Ca(2+)-activated and passive isometric conditions in single muscle fibers with homogenous (I and IIA) and mixed (I/IIA and IIA/X) myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms from healthy, young adult male (n = 5) and female (n = 7) volunteers. Fibers containing only MHC II isoforms (IIA and IIA/X) produced higher maximal Ca(2+)-activated forces over the range of cross-sectional areas (CSAs) examined than MHC I fibers, resulting in higher (24-42%) specific forces. The number and/or stiffness of the strongly bound myosin-actin cross bridges increased in the higher force-producing MHC II isoforms and, in all isoforms, better predicted force than CSA. In men and women, cross-bridge kinetics, in terms of myosin attachment time and rate of myosin force production, were independent of CSA, although women had faster (7-15%) kinetics. The relative proportion of cross bridges and/or their stiffness was reduced as fiber size increased, causing a decline in specific force. Results from our examination of molecular mechanisms across the range of physiological CSAs explain the variation in specific force among the different fiber types in human skeletal muscle, which may have relevance to understanding how various physiological and pathophysiological conditions modulate single-fiber and whole muscle contractility.
Cardiolipin requirement by cytochrome oxidase and the catalytic role of phospholipid

Abstract An effective method is described for the almost complete removal of phospholipid from cytochrome oxidase, with a consequent parallel decrease in enzymic activity. Replenishment of lipid-depleted cytochrome oxidase with purified phospholipids indicates an absolute requirement of enzymic activity for cardiolipin. This catalytic role of cardiolipin is distinguishable from the more general effects of phospholipids and detergents on cytochrome oxidase activity.
SU‐GG‐T‐541: A Method of Delivering a Low Dose Fraction Using a TomoTherapy Unit

Purpose: To create a method of delivering PRDR for re‐irradiation of large braintumors on the TomoTherapy Hi‐ART® system Method and Materials: Pulsed Reduced Dose Rate (PRDR) delivers a standard 2Gy fraction delivered over ten 0.2Gy sub‐fractions with a 3 minute break between sub‐fractions to give a time averaged dose rate of 4Gy/hr. The accelerator on a tomotherapy unit has a fixed output rate of 8Gy/min. If the dose per fraction is conventionally planned at <0.6Gy/fraction, the result is a clinically unacceptable DVH. Our method involves a virtual grid style blocking scheme, where half of the beam angles are blocked using 15 equally spaced directional segments surrounding the center of the image set. Ten patients treated using conventional PRDR with an average PTV volume of 344cc were retrospectively re‐planned using five techniques (standard 2Gy fraction, 2Gy in 0.2Gy fractions without grid blocking, two grid patterns, and a combination dataset incorporating both grids) and analyzed with conformation numbers (CN), homogeneity indexes (HI), and dose volumes to normal tissues. Plans were optimized using equal constraints and machine parameters. Results: Our method allowed for clinically acceptable treatment plans at 0.2Gy with a treatment time ⩽3min per subfraction. The average HI was slightly poorer for the combination plan versus the standard 2Gy fraction (0.064 versus 0.027) and the CN was similar over all techniques (0.72–0.73). Normal tissue dose volumes for each patient were also similar for each technique. Initial ion chamber measurements agree with predicted values for a 0.2Gy subfraction. Conclusion: PRDR is deliverable on a TomoTherapy system using a virtual blocking method. Results can be slightly improved through the use of two grids alternated on a daily basis. The dose to normal structures for individual patients was similar for all methods. Conflict of Interest: The author has a financial interest in TomoTherapy Inc.
Ultrastructure of oral (buccopharyngeal) membrane formation and rupture in the hamster embryo

Abstract The ultrastructure of the oral (buccopharyngeal) membrane was examined during normal development in embryos removed from pregnant hamsters at intervals from 7.5–10 days postcoitum. The oral membrane is represented at 7.5 days by a region of close approximation between endoderm and surface ectoderm anterior to the neural folds. A distinct basal lamina develops subjacent to each epithelial germ layer, and the narrow extracellular space separating the epithelia contains patches of fibrillar and flocculent material. Cell processes extend from cells of one epithelium across the extracellular space to make direct contact with cells of the opposing germ layer by 7.75 days. Increased intermingling of cells subsequently occurs within the oral membrane, and some cells extend the entire width of the membrane with surfaces exposed to both foregut and stomodeum. Accumulations of presumed basal lamina and extracellular material are observed at intervals within the oral membrane, but a continuous intercellular space is no longer present. Many of these accumulations are encompassed by processes of adjacent cells containing dense intracellular bodies, indicating active phagocytosis of this material by the epithelial cells. Rupture of the oral membrane begins between 8.25 and 8.75 days, and all remnants are removed by Day 9. Possible factors involved in rupture are discussed.
Characteristics of the compressible shear layer over a cavity

The compressible shear layer over a 3:1 rectangular cavity was investigated using schlieren photography and planer laser imaging at freestream Mach numbers of 1.8, 2.1, 2.8, and 3.5. The purpose of this investigation was to study the characteristics of the shear layer structures and their convective velocity over this Mach number range. Schlieren images show leading- and trailing-edge shock waves, as well as shock waves emanating from the shear layer, which became less prevalent as the Mach number increased. Streamwise planar laser sheet lighting images indicate the existence of organized roller-type structures at the lower Mach numbers studied (M =2.1 and 2.8). These structures became less coherent as the Mach number was increased, although the cavity appears to cause the large-scale structures to persist at higher levels of compressibility than found in planar free shear layers. Plan view images indicate that the two dimensionality of the large-scale structures decreased with increasing Mach number. Autocorrelations performed on single-pulse images show that the structure size decreased 63% when the freestream Mach number was increased from 1.8 to 3.5. By double pulsing the laser at delays of 15, 20, and 25 πs, the evolution of the large-scale structures were investigated and quantie ed. The correlations were found to decrease by 23% for the same nondimensional time when increasing the Mach number from 2.1 to 3.5. From the shift of the peak correlation, the convective velocity was calculated for each case and found to vary laterally across the shear layer. At a lateral location most representative of the large-scale structures in the shear layer, the variation in convective velocity with Mach number was best represented by 0.57 times the freestream velocity.
Modelling calcium handling in cardiac cells

This review covers the key components of calcium handling in cardiac ventricular myocytes. Specifically, L–type current, ryanodine receptors, the diadic space, SERCA pump uptake into sarcoplasmic reticulum, sodium–calcium exchangers, and calciumbinding proteins are reviewed with special focus on attempts to mathematically model these entities. In addition to purely single entities, the review covers other models that have attempted to capture the highly interactive and complex Ca signalling resulting from the interplay of the key components above. These integrative models range in level from microscopic domains to whole cells including electrophysiological mechanisms. In many cases, the differences in competing models reflect the controversies and uncertainties about the underlying biophysical mechanisms. Ultimately, each level of modelling, along with experimental work, will be needed to help elucidate the cellular physiology of this fundamental cardiac signalling system.
Determination of cellulose and apparent hemicellulose in plant tissue by gas-liquid chromatography.

Abstract A GLC method is described by which the neutral aldoses and cellulose can be measured in whole and digested plant tissue. Apparent hemicellulose is measured by difference. Accuracy of the method is unaffected by protein in concentrations up to 75%.
Neoliberal and neostructuralist perspectives on labour flexibility, poverty and inequality: A critical appraisal

Over the past three decades, neoliberal and Latin American neostructuralist ideas have contributed to the restructuring of Latin American capitalism from import substituting industrialisation (ISI)...
Acoustic neuromas: results of current surgical management.

OBJECTIVE: In this article, we review the surgical outcomes of 179 patients with acoustic neuromas. METHODS: Most of the tumors (84%) were operated on using a retrosigmoid, transmeatal approach. A transpetrosal, retrosigmoid approach was used in 10% of the patients, most of whom had large tumors. The translabyrinthine (4%) and transmastoid, transpetrosal, partial labyrinthectomy approaches (2%) were used selectively. The operative approaches are discussed. Tumors were categorized according to their cerebellopontine angle dimensions as small (<2 cm), medium (2.0-3.9 cm), and large (≥4 cm). RESULTS: House-Brackmann evaluation of postoperative facial nerve function revealed excellent results (Grade I or II) in 96% of small tumors, 74% of medium tumors, and 38% of large tumors. A fair postoperative function (Grade III or IV) was achieved in 4% of small tumors, 26% of medium tumors, and 58% of large tumors. Functional hearing preservation, defined as Gardner-Robertson Class I or II, was achieved in 48% of small tumors and 25% of medium tumors. Hearing was not preserved in any of the three patients with large tumors in whom hearing preservation was attempted. Treatment complications consisted mainly of cerebrospinal fluid leakage (15% of the patients). The majority of the patients who experienced cerebrospinal fluid leakage were treated successfully with lumbar spinal drainage; only four patients (2% of the total group) required subsequent surgery for correction of cerebrospinal fluid leakage. There were two deaths (1 %) in this series. One death occurred as the result of myocardial infarction and the other as the result of severe obstructive lung disease. One patient sustained disability because of cerebellar and brain stem injury. Complete tumor resection was accomplished in 99% of the patients, and there was no evidence of recurrence in this group. Only 1 of the 179 patients underwent incomplete tumor resection; he required subsequent surgery for symptomatic tumor regrowth. Our patient follow-up had a mean duration of 70 months and a median of 65 months (range, 3-171 mo). CONCLUSION: Our results are similar to those of other large microsurgical series of acoustic neuromas. Unless a patient has major medical problems, microsurgery by an experienced team of surgeons is preferred over radiosurgery.
The role of the astroglial cells in glaucomatous disc cupping.

Two paradoxical findings are explained by the Astroglial Hypothesis of Disc Cupping. First, the early cupping of the optic disc in young glaucoma patients is not accompanied by field changes at first. Second, after normalization of intraocular pressure the size of the optic cup decreased dramatically in size. Such findings can only be explained by atrophy and later regeneration of the astrocytes rather than the neurons. Support for the theory is derived from the analogy with internal hydrocephalus and from the clinical course of primary optic atrophy.
Expression of c-fos protein by immunohistochemically identified oxytocin neurons in the rat hypothalamus upon osmotic stimulation

Double immunostaining for c-fos and oxytocin (OXY) was used to study the topography and time course of the metabolic activation of the hypothalamic oxytocinergic system upon osmotic stress in the male rat. Animals injected i.p. with hypertonic saline expressed c-fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) in the paraventricular (PVN), periventricular (PEV) and supraoptic (SON) hypothalamic nuclei, and in the preoptic and retrochiasmatic regions, as early as 30 min after stimulation and up to 6 h, while these areas were mostly devoid of staining in isotonic saline-injected animals. The activation of the oxytocinergic system peaked at 30 min and declined at different rates in the PVN and in the SON after 90 min. The maximal percentage of OXY neurons expressing FLI upon osmotic stress was about 80% in the SON, PEV and LSN, 60% in the PVN and 50% in the medial preoptic area. Activated OXY neurons were found in both the magnocellular and parvocellular divisions of the system. These data show that OXY nuclei in the rat hypothalamus are differentially activated by osmotic stress. They also suggest a role of OXY in the central as well as in the humoral response to changes in plasma osmolarity.
Evaluation of a Pure Moment Exciter for Measurement of Rotational DOF Frequency Response Functions

Experimental data in the form of a mobility matrix is needed for a variety of purposes including substructure synthesis, Structural Dynamics Modification (SDM) and updating of Finite Element Models (FEM). A computational based mobility matrix contains responses from both translational and rotational components. Experimentally, the rotational components are usually ignored because of the inherent difficulty in their measurement. A review of previous direct and indirect efforts to estimate rotationally excited frequency response functions is presented. Next a novel direct experimental method to measure translation and rotation responses from a pure moment excitation is discussed. The method uses a set of geared eccentric masses to create a pure moment. The theory of operation is discussed first. A set of laboratory tests was performed to evaluate the performance of a prototype device. Analytical predictions were nominally within 5% of the experimental values for the desired moment excitation. However, unwanted forces and cross axis moment excitations were also measured. Simulations indicate that nonideal performance results from maufacturing and assembly variations. The investigation concludes with an assessment of the method’s potential for direct experimental measurement of rotational components in the mobility matrix.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Self‐development and self‐management: A response to doppelt

Doppelt criticizes my theory of freedom as self‐development and the related model of workers’ self‐management which I propose. I argue that Doppelt ignores or misconstrues three major features of my view: (1) the systematic grounding of the conception of freedom in the nature of agency and the distinction I draw between abstract and concrete freedom; (2) my derivation of rights of self‐management from the concept of freedom; (3) my argument for a universal right of employment. In general, Doppelt's criticism ignores the systematic conception I have offered of equal rights of access to the social and economic conditions of self‐development, a conception which he himself seems to be getting at in his proposed paradigm. I go on to criticize two major features of Doppelt's own view, namely, his historical relativism and his interpretation of meaningful work.
Pressure for backing Kyoto Protocol grows

The European Union and its 15 member states simultaneously ratified the Kyoto Protocol on climate change on 31 May; Japan followed suit on 4 June; and pressure is building for other countries to approve the treaty so that it can come into force in time for the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, South Africa late this year. The summit runs from 26 August through 4 September.
Plant-site evaluations of the OPSA system for on-line particle size measurement from moving belt conveyors

Abstract The image-based On-line Particle Size Analyzer (OPSA) system has been developed at the University of Utah to measure particle size distributions under plant conditions where overlapped and segregated particles are being transported on a moving belt conveyor. Evaluation of the OPSA system at several plant sites has been completed. The results show a consistent agreement between the particle size distributions obtained from the OPSA system and those obtained from laboratory screen analysis of belt samples. These results and the stable performance of the OPSA system during the field tests suggest that continuous quality control of crushed products is possible using the OPSA system.
Sham Surgery in Research: A Surgeon's View

(2003). Sham Surgery in Research: A Surgeon's View. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 65-66.
Relationship of plasma meperidine levels to changes in anxiety and hostility

Abstract Six adult male former drug users were given single 100-mg doses of meperidine by the intramuscular route and an additional six were administered 100-mg doses by the oral route in a single-blind situation. Anxiety and hostility were measured by speech-content analysis before and after drug administration and correlated with plasma concentrations of meperidine. Significant decreases in anxiety and outward overt hostility scores occurred 1 to 1.5 hr postdrug when plasma meperidine concentrations were high, with return of these affect scores toward predrug values at 6 hr when plasma concentrations of meperidine were falling. Meperidine was found to resemble sedative-hypnotics in its effects on anxiety and hostility. Significant correlations were noted between plasma meperidine concentration and decrease in anxiety and hostility inward scores. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that narcotic abuse is enhanced through the psychological effects of these drugs.
Diagnostic Agreements among Psychiatrists and “Blind” Rorschach Raters or the Education of an Interdisciplinary Research Team:

A special psychiatric rating form was constructed which would also be suitable for ratings made from Rorschach protocols only, called “blind” ratings, since the rater did not see the patient. Ratings were made independently by three psychiatrists but based on the same interview, while the Rorschach ratings were mace independently by two psychologists with special experience in Rorschach interpretation, If we define “agreement” arbitrarily as a correlation or chi square value at a better than .10 level of significance, there was agreement among the psychiatrists on almost a third of the scales, and consistency on one-fourth of the 59 scales. There was agreement among the Rorschach ratings on almost half of the scales. However, there was agreement between the psychiatric and Rorschach ratings on only 9 out of the 59 scales. These scales were concerned with: organization of thinking, pathognomic verbalizations, appropriateness of affect, anxiety, phobias, obsessions, direction of orientation (active or passi...
Gravity changes accompanying volcanic activity at Pacaya volcano, Guatemala

Abstract Gravity changes of up to 1.2 ± 0.1 mgal (1 standard deviation) were measured at three points within 400 m of an active vent on Pacaya volcano, Guatemala during eleven days of January, 1975. For five continuous days gravity varied inversely with the average muzzle velocity of ejecta, the frequency of volcanic explosions, and the frequency of volcanic earthquakes. The gravity changes are most reasonably interpreted as the product of intravolcanic movements of magma with masses one to two orders of magnitude larger than any flow ever erupted from the volcano. However, elevation changes and/or combination of elevation and mass distribution changes could also have been an important factor in effecting the observed gravity variations. Because we lack elevation control on the gravity stations, we are unable to unequivocally conclude which factor or which combination of factors produced the gravity changes. The study indicates the possibility of gravity monitoring of hazardous volcanoes as a predictive tool, and as an added means for investigating the internal mechanism of volcanic eruptions.
Phase cancellation system for tumor imaging using targeted fluorescent contrast agents

Recent developments in receptor specific targeting fluorescent contrast agents can give tumor/tissue contrasts in the excess of 10, and are capable of selectively labeling various pre-cancer/cancer signatures to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of cancer detection [reference: Weissleder et al, Achilefu et al]. We have developed a novel imaging system for fast and accurate localization of fluorescent contrast agent labeled tumor embedded several centimeters inside the highly scattering medium mimicking breast tissue using the phased cancellation configuration (00 and 1800 source-pair) with a goniometric probe. Phantom tests and intratumor injection of fluorescent dye, Indocyanine Green (ICG), have demonstrated the capability of twodimensional localization of tumor labeled with fluorescent contrast agents about 3.0 cm deep within several millimeters enor range. The accuracy of the localization suggests that this system would be helpful to guide the clinical fine-needle biopsy for early detection of breast cancer.
In vivo delivery of fluoresceinated dextrans to the murine growth plate: Imaging of three vascular routes by multiphoton microscopy

Bone elongation by endochondral ossification occurs through the differentiation cascade of chondrocytes of cartilaginous growth plates. Molecules from the systemic vasculature reach the growth plate from three different directions: epiphyseal, metaphyseal, and a ring vessel and plexus associated with the perichondrium. This study is an analysis of the real-time dynamics of entrance of fluoresceinated tracers of different molecular weights into the growth plate from the systemic vasculature and tests the hypothesis that molecular weight is a key variable in the determination of both the directionality and the extent of tracer movement into the growth plate. Multiphoton microscopy was used for direct in vivo imaging of the murine proximal tibial growth plate in anesthetized 4- to 5-week-old transgenic mice with green fluorescent protein linked to the collagen II promoter. Mice were given an intracardiac injection of either fluorescein (332.3 Da) or fluoresceinated dextrans of 3, 10, 40, 70 kDa, singly or sequentially. For each tracer, directionality and rate of arrival, together with extent of movement within the growth plate, were imaged in real time. For small molecules (up to 10 kDa), vascular access from all three directions was observed and entrance was equally permissive from the metaphyseal and the epiphyseal sides. Within our detection limit (a few percent of vascular concentration), 40 kDa and larger dextrans did not enter. These results have implications both for understanding systemic and paracrine regulation of growth plate chondrocytic differentiation, as well as variables associated with effective drug delivery to growth plate chondrocytes.
Impact behavior of recycled core composite polymeric enclosures

The growing awareness about the impact of non-biodegradable polymeric waste on the environment and the associated cost benefits have led to extensive use of recycled materials. The properties of polymers degrade once they are recycled. This paper presents a comparison of the impact behavior of virgin and recycled polymers as a function of thickness. The thickness is an important parameter in design of polymeric enclosures and as such, the impact energy as a function of thickness needs to be optimized. The ‘DSGZ’ phenomenological constitutive model, developed at Tufts University, uniformly describes the entire range of stress–strain constitutive relationship of polymers under any monotonic loading mode, and is used to predict the plastic failure energies. This paper compares the impact behavior and impact energies of a monolithic virgin PBT (polybutylene-terephthalates) to that of recycled ABS (acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene)/ASA (acrylic–styrene–acrylonitrile) composite enclosures. The composite enclosures consist of skin layers of ASA at the top and bottom with a center core of recycled ABS. ABAQUS/Explicit and finite element analysis are used to model the enclosures, calculate the plastic failure energies and develop a better understanding of the impact behavior of polymers for enclosure applications.
First-principles molecular dynamics investigation of the atomic-scale energy transport: From heat conduction to thermal radiation

Abstract First-principles molecular dynamics simulation based on a plane wave/pseudopotential implementation of density functional theory is adopted to investigate atomic scale energy transport for semiconductors (silicon and germanium). By imposing thermostats to keep constant temperatures of the nanoscale thin layers, the initial thermal non-equilibrium between the neighboring layers is established under the vacuum condition. Models with variable gap distances with an interval of lattice constant increment of the simulated materials are set up and statistical comparisons of temperature evolution curves are made. The equilibration time from non-equilibrium state to thermal equilibrium state of different silicon or/and germanium layers combinations are calculated. The results show significant distinctions of heat transfer under different materials and temperatures combinations. Further discussions on the equilibrium time are made to explain the simulation results. As the first work of the atomic scale energy transport spanning from heat conduction to thermal radiation, the simulation results highlight the promising application of the first-principles molecular dynamics in thermal engineering.
A comparison of methods used in root canal sealability studies

The purpose of the study was to compare several methods that have been used to assess marginal leakage of root canal fillings. Sixty-three extracted, single-rooted teeth were instrumented and filled in a standardized manner. Teeth were randomly divided into groups of twenty and exposed to solutions containing methylene blue dye, calcium-45, carbon-14-labeled urea, and iodine-125-labeled albumin for 48 hours to compare the degree of leakage indicated by each technique. Methylene blue dye was found to penetrate farther up the canal than any of the isotope tracers. Carbon-14-labeled urea penetrated farther than the calcium-45- or iodine-125-labeled albumin. The mean volume of solution penetrating the teeth was exceedingly small (0.0011 ml) and probably unimportant physiologically.
GeoCDX: An Automated Change Detection & Exploitation System for High Resolution Satelite Imagery

The demand for high-resolution commercial satellite imagery (HR-CSI) has increased significantly over the last 5 years for a wide variety of applications. This demand has driven an increase in volume, frequency of acquisition, and spatial resolution of HR-CSI. In turn, this has spurred the need for more accurate and time-efficient processing tools for analyzing geospatial information to support user-specific applications. One such application is change detection between multi-temporal HR-CSI data. The significant increase in quantity and quality of multi-temporal HR-CSI data makes traditional manual analysis impractical. Thus, there is a need for a fully automated change detection system that not only identifies areas of change, but also allows users to filter, sort through, and analyze areas of change quickly and efficiently. Here we describe a tool - GeoCDX (Geospatial Change Detection and Exploitation) - to meet this need. GeoCDX is an integrated system that performs image ingestion and registration, feature extraction, and change analysis. The change detection results from GeoCDX are web accessible with additional interfaces to Google Earthtrade (GE) and Google Mapstrade (GM). In the near future GeoCDX will be integrated with its sister system GeoIRIS (Geospatial Information Retrieval and Indexing System). This integration will produce a very powerful HR-CSI analysis package with the change detection capabilities of GeoCDX and the content-based image retrieval system of GeoIRIS.
Quantum limit sensitivity of coherent dark-state magnetometers

Summary form only given. The measurement of magnetic fields is done by magnetometers. In an atomic cell experiment the medium is Doppler broadened and the decay rate of the coherence between the lower lying levels are determined by the time of flight. For a homogeneously broadened medium the trapped neutral atoms can be used.
Lymphoma Associated With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Objective To describe lymphoma associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Design A review of HIV-related lymphoma and its associated epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, and clinicopathologic characteristics is presented. Major studies of therapeutic regimens for HIV-related lymphoma are discussed. Factors that could contribute to a poor prognosis are summarized. Results Malignant lymphoma that develops in patients with HIV infection fulfills diagnostic criteria for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The incidence is increasing and varies by subtype of lymphoma, age, sex, race, and risk factors. B-cell hyperactivation is thought to contribute to the development of lymphoma. The mechanisms that may show transformed cell hyperproliferation and clonal expansion are HIV itself or other viruses (for example, Epstein-Barr virus), growth factors, aberrant oncogene or tumor-suppressor gene expression, and factors that induce genetic instability or DNA damage or alter host or viral genome repair. Treatment of HIV-related lymphoma is associated with toxicity, infectious complications, low rate of complete response, and brief median survival time. Conclusion Persons with HIV-induced immune dysregulation have a high risk for the development of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by histologic evidence of a high-grade malignant process, B-cell phenotype, an unusual extranodal involvement, and a poor prognosis. The potential role of specific viruses, antiviral treatments, and other therapeutic strategies are future areas of investigation.
Long wavelength convection, Poiseuille–Couette flow in the low-viscosity asthenosphere and the strength of plate margins

SUMMARY Mixed heated 3-D mantle convection simulations with a low-viscosity asthenosphere reveal relatively short and long wavelength regimes with different scalings in terms of surface velocity and surface heat flux and show that mantle flow in the lithosphere–asthenosphere region is a Poiseuille–Couette flow. The Poiseuille/Couette velocity magnitude ratio, D/U, allows us to characterize solid-state flow in the asthenosphere and to predict the regime transition. The transition from dominantly pressure-driven Poiseuille flow at shorter wavelengths to dominantly shear-driven Couette flow at long wavelengths depends on the relative strength of lithosphere and asthenosphere and is associated with a switch in the dominant resistance to convective motion. In the Poiseuille regime significant resistance is provided by plate-bending, whereas in the Couette regime most resistance is due to vertical shear in the bulk mantle. The Couette case corresponds to classical scaling ideas for mantle convection whereas the Poiseuille case, with asthenospheric velocities exceeding surface velocities, is an example of a sluggish lid mode of mantle convection that has more recently been invoked for thermal history models of the Earth. Our simulations show that both modes can exist for the same level of convective vigour (i.e. Rayleigh number) but at different convective wavelengths. Additional simulations with temperature- and yield-stress dependent viscosity show consistent behaviour and suggest an association of the regime crossover with the relative strength of plate margins. Our simulations establish a connection between the strength of plate margins, solid-state flow in the asthenosphere and the wavelength of mantle convection. This connection suggests that plate tectonics in the sluggish lid mode is wavelength dependent and potentially more robust than previously envisioned.
Nonlinear complementarity as unconstrained and constrained minimization

The nonlinear complementarity problem is cast as an unconstrained minimization problem that is obtained from an augmented Lagrangian formulation. The dimensionality of the unconstrained problem is the same as that of the original problem, and the penalty parameter need only be greater than one. Another feature of the unconstrained problem is that it has global minima of zero at precisely all the solution points of the complementarity problem without any monotonicity assumption. If the mapping of the complementarity problem is differentiable, then so is the objective of the unconstrained problem, and its gradient vanishes at all solution points of the complementarity problem. Under assumptions of nondegeneracy and linear independence of gradients of active constraints at a complementarity problem solution, the corresponding global unconstrained minimum point is locally unique. A Wolfe dual to a standard constrained optimization problem associated with the nonlinear complementarity problem is also formulated under a monotonicity and differentiability assumption. Most of the standard duality results are established even though the underlying constrained optimization problem may be nonconvex. Preliminary numerical tests on two small nonmonotone problems from the published literature converged to degenerate or nondegenerate solutions from all attempted starting points in 7 to 28 steps of a BFGS quasi-Newton method for unconstrained optimization.
Focal depth determination from the signal character of long-period P waves

The shape of long-period teleseismic P -wave signals is a function of many factors, among which are focal depth, focal mechanism, the source time function, and the earth structures at both the source and receiver. The effect of focal depth is quite pronounced, so much so, that focal depths should be able to be determined to within 10 km on the basis of the long-period P -wave character. This resolution capability is demonstrated for events occurring in continental and oceanic crust as observed by seismographs in the 30° to 80° epicentral distance range.
Botulinum toxin – an update on its use in facial rejuvenation

Summary The role of botulinum toxin in facial rejuvenation has been greatly expanded in the last several years. In this article, we first review the traditional approach to botulinum toxin therapy in the forehead and glabella. For the advanced reader, we then discuss both the literature and our personal approaches to treatments of the periocular region, mid face, lower face, and neck. Throughout the discussion, attempts are made to include a description of relevant anatomy, the physiologic result of specific muscle activity and denervation, and perhaps most importantly, precise directions for patient treatment.
Toward Addressing the Issues of Site Selection in District Effectiveness Research: A Two-Level Hierarchical Linear Growth Model:

Purpose: District effectiveness research (DER) is an emerging field concerned with identifying the organizational structures, administration, and leadership practices at the school district level that help districts find success with all of their students across the schools within the system. This work has mirrored much of the early school effectiveness research (SER). However, to date across the DER literature, site selection for in-depth studies of districts deemed “effective” has been haphazard and nonsystematic. This is problematic given the long history of critiques centered on site selection in SER. The purpose of this study is to address and adapt the critiques from SER to a method of site selection for DER and test the method using a large multiyear data set to identify districts that are significantly unusual and effective. Research Design: A two-level hierarchical linear growth model that nests multiple time points per district (Level 1) within districts (Level 2) was used to predict gains in di...