cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Class II MHC Complexes with Ii, p70, and p80 (CS-It)

In order to characterize proteins that associate with class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, perhaps to catalyze their charging with peptides from foreign antigens or to regulate antigen presentation, complexes of class II antigens and accessory proteins were cross-linked with a disulfide-containing heterobifunctional reagent and analyzed by electrophoresis in a two-dimensional, nonreduced/reduced slab gel. The following cross-linkages were identified: Ii/Ii, Ii/p70 (not CS-Ii), α/α, α/β, α chain/p80 (probably CS-Ii), and an α/β/Ii/p70/p-80 polymer(s).
Discrepancies between modeled and observed nocturnal isoprene in an urban environment and the possible causes: A case study in Houston

Abstract Air quality simulations were conducted using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model for nocturnal isoprene in September 2013 using the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) National Emissions Inventory of 2011 (NEI, 2011). The results were evaluated against measurements collected at eight Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) Automated Gas Chromatographs (AutoGCs) monitoring stations. The comparisons demonstrated two distinctive behaviors: overestimation before midnight (20:00–23:00 p.m. local time) versus underestimation after midnight (00:00–06:00 a.m.). Analyses identify the uncertainties in nitrate radical (NO 3 ) concentration and vertical mixing as the possible minor factors contributing to the underestimation, and the underestimated wind speed as the major factor contributing to the overestimation. Further analysis links isoprene underestimation to the uncertainties in the nocturnal isoprene anthropogenic emissions in the NEI (2011) over industrial areas in Houston. This can be substantiated by the fact that the observed nighttime isoprene concentrations increased when the wind direction veered back from southeast to northeast, placing the stations downwind of industrial facilities. A sensitivity run with adjusted anthropogenic isoprene emissions in the later part of the night (i.e., the emissions were multiplied by the hourly underestimation factors ranging from 3.81 to 14.82) yielded closer isoprene predictions after midnight with slightly improved model mean (0.15 to 0.20 ppb), mean error (− 0.10 to − 0.04 ppb), mean absolute error (0.18 to 0.15 ppb), root mean squared error (RMSE, 0.27 to 0.25 ppb), and index of agreement (IOA, 0.66 to 0.68). The insignificant improvement was likely due to the uncertainties in the location of the high-peaked anthropogenic emissions. The impacts of the nighttime-adjusted isoprene emissions on the isoprene oxidation products, organic nitrate and ozone, were found to be minimal. This study, however, shows that more in-situ surface nighttime measurement data is critical to constrain the underestimated nocturnal isoprene emissions in Houston.
Evaluation of Atmosphere and Ocean Initial Condition Uncertainty and Stochastic Exchange Coefficients on Ensemble Tropical Cyclone Intensity Forecasts

AbstractTropical cyclone (TC) intensity forecasts are impacted by errors in atmosphere and ocean initial conditions and the model formulation, which motivates using an ensemble approach. This study evaluates the impact of uncertainty in atmospheric and oceanic initial conditions, as well as stochastic representations of the drag Cd and enthalphy Ck exchange coefficients on ensemble Advanced Hurricane WRF (AHW) TC intensity forecasts of multiple Atlantic TCs from 2008 to 2011. Each ensemble experiment is characterized by different combinations of either deterministic or ensemble atmospheric and/or oceanic initial conditions, as well as fixed or stochastic representations of Cd or Ck. Among those experiments with a single uncertainty source, atmospheric uncertainty produces the largest standard deviation in TC intensity. While ocean uncertainty leads to continuous growth in ensemble standard deviation, the ensemble standard deviation in the experiments with Cd and Ck uncertainty levels off by 48 h. Combinin...
How to Think Like a Radiologist: Ordering Imaging Studies

Radiologic investigations can be confusing to clinicians and radiologists alike. Questions invariably arise as to which type of imaging study best answers the clinical question posed. Once a modality is determined, decisions must be made regarding the technical manner in which the study is performed and if intravenous contrast is required. Patient factors, risks, benefits, and other variables must also be considered. This pocket guide is written for anyone who needs to understand enough about radiology to know which study to order in a patient workup. The book addresses imaging studies by modality, body region, and type of study in bulleted outline format for easy reference. General considerations for each modality - including advantages and disadvantages - are presented, followed by patient preparation and requirements for each type of examination. The author explains how specific studies are performed and what information can be obtained, study indications, contraindications, and limitations.
Situating Language Learning in Study Abroad

In his 1986 autobiographical novel L’etudiant etranger (The Foreign Student), the French journalist and cineaste Philippe Labro recreates and embellishes his college study abroad experience. During the mid-1950s the novel’s 18-year-old protagonist leaves France for a year to become an exchange student in the United States. His destination is a rural college for ‘gentlemen’ located in central Virginia where the White population clings both to antebellum customs of discreet propriety and to its legacy of racial prejudice and segregation. Alternately terrified and thrilled to the core, the young man is plunged into an alternative universe where everything seems new to him, from language, to modes of social organization, to colors of the natural landscape. Eager to blend in, he decides that the best way to learn will be to participate as actively as possible while pretending to have understood not only words, but also gestures, clothing, grooming, flavors, and quotidian pursuits. He shortly discovers that the meanings of linguistic signs are richly intertwined with social convention, sensual experience, and implicit ideologies of gender and race.
Intrinsic Geometry of a Surface

The most deeply rooted geometrical properties of a surface are its topological ones: these are preserved under all homeomorphisms of the surface. Hence also, they are preserved under all deformations. (Some examples of deformations of surfaces were studied at the end of Chapter 11.) There is a broader class of properties that are intimately bound up with the geometry of the surface and that are preserved under a large subclass of homeomorphisms. These are ones that Gauss discovered, and which we will now explore.
Simulation, Emotions, and Morality

Recently, a new theory of the way in which narrative fictions engage the emotions and the moral understanding has come to the fore in Anglo-American philosophy. Advanced by Gregory Currie and others, it attempts to exploit a theory developed in the context of the philosophy of mind in order to characterize our emotional and moral encounters with fictions. This view may be called simulation theory. Stated roughly, simulation theory in the philosophy of mind is the hypothesis that we predict, understand, and interpret others by putting ourselves in their place, that is to say, by adopting their point of view. Philosophers of art like Currie suggest that the apparatus of simulation is also what we use when we read, view, or listen to narratives. The grain of truth in what is informally called “identification” is, ex hypothesi , the process of simulation. Currie writes: “What is so often called audience identification with a character is best described as mental simulation of the character's situation by the audience who are then better able to imagine the character's experience.” By simulating the mental states of fictional characters, we come to experience what it would be like – that is, for example, what it would feel like – to be in situations such as those in which the characters find themselves. This is relevant to morality, inasmuch as we learn, by acquaintance, what it would feel like to undertake certain courses of action – what it would be like to murder someone, for instance.
What's the Harm? Harms in Research With Adults With Intellectual Disability

Scientific advances can improve the lives of adults with intellectual disability, yet concerns that research participation may impose harm impede scientific progress. What counts as harmful can be subjective and perceptions of harm may vary among stakeholders. We studied perspectives on the harmfulness of research events among adults with intellectual disability, family members and friends, disability service providers, researchers, and Institutional Review Board members. We found considerable variance. For example, adults with intellectual disability see exclusion from research as more harmful, but most psychosocial harms as less significant than others. All stakeholders agree that having someone else make the participation decision is harmful. Findings provide insights into the concept of harm and ethical research with adults with intellectual disability.
Experimental and computational characterization of photosensitized conformational effects mediated by protoporphyrin ligands on human serum albumin

When investigating the interaction between proteins and protoporphyrins in aqueous solution, one typically has to contend with the tendency of the latter to form polydispersed aggregates. The interference of aggregated protoporphyrins manifests, at least, at two levels: aggregates sequester the majority of the protoporphyrin molecules in solution and prevent their interaction with the proteins, but also their presence interferes with optical experiments such as absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. In this study we present a protocol which uses dialysis and centrifugation to eliminate the aggregates and yield solutions dominated by non-covalent complexes of albumin (HSA) and protoporphyrins. The elimination of the aggregates enabled us to observe effects which had not been previously observed such as eliminating the discrepancy between the binding constants obtained through the quenching of HSA fluorescence and the one obtained through the emission of the protoporphyrins. Moreover the elimination of the aggregated protoporphyrins enabled us to reveal the occurrence of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the Trp214 residue of HSA and the porphyrin ligands. FRET data were then used to estimate the location of metal free as well as Zn-protoporphyrin IX relative to the well-known location of Trp214. This information was used to refine docking simulations to find the best binding site for the two protoporphyrins. In addition we observed that the irradiation of the protoporphyrins in the visible region prompts small conformational changes in HSA that appear to be largely due to tertiary modifications.
The international development of RoHS

this paper assesses some of the worldwide regulations and standards similar to, or referred to as Restriction on the use of Hazardous Substances, or RoHS. An overview of RoHS, its history, evolution and worldwide expansion is given. Many jurisdictions outside of the European Union (EU) have similar regulations as the EU RoHS Directive. In 2016, there are over 70 jurisdictions, including countries, US states and a municipality with a RoHS type of regulation. Product scope, labeling, allowable exemptions, spare part usage and effective time frame vary. The impact of these requirements to ICT manufacturers is reviewed.
Improved Precision of Initial Chest Pain Evaluation With Fractional Flow Reserve Computed Tomography.

Following publication of the FAME (Fractional Flow Reserve Versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation) trial,[1][1] there has been a noticeable increase in the use of fractional flow reserve (FFR) in the cardiac catheterization laboratories across the country. The FAME study provided evidence in
Burden of Proof for Tolvaptan in ADPKD: Did REPRISE Provide the Answer?

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common life-threatening inherited disease in adulthood. It causes lifelong growth in kidney cysts and kidney volume, leading to progressive decline in kidney function, ultimately accounting for 5%–10% of patients with ESKD ([1][1]).
Analyzing frequency responses from time-windowed impulse responses across assorted types of room usage

Lokki et al. (2015) examined how frequency responses in concert halls change over different time-windowed periods of the impulse response across low, mid, and high frequencies, and connected that with perceived quality in those halls. Time windows were applied to highlight the direct, early, late, or total sound energy, and the resulting frequency responses were overlaid on the same graph to view easily the difference and growth between the time periods across frequencies. In this project, such frequency response analyses across different time-windowed impulse responses are applied to spaces other than concert halls, including a variety of classrooms, worship spaces, and music-centered and speech-centered performance spaces. The objective is to explore the utility of this method of analysis for assorted room usages. In this presentation, interesting cases and trends within individual rooms, within one type of room usage, and between different types of room usage are discussed, as well as this analysis met...
Paclitaxel and carboplatin in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: Preliminary results of a phase I study

Given their known activity against non-small cell lung cancer, paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) and carboplatin were combined in this phase I study of patients with metastatic disease to determine the maximum tolerated dose and the dose-limiting toxicity of the combination. The initial dose of paclitaxel was fixed at 135 mg/m2 given as a 24-hour infusion with carboplatin administered in escalating doses in cohorts using Calvert's formula-dose (mg) = target AUC x (GFR + 25), where AUC is area under the concentration-time curve and GFR is glomerular filtration rate-based on target AUCs of 5, 7, 9, or 11 mg/mL.min. Dose escalations were based on cycle 1 toxicities. Filgrastim was not administered with the first cycle until two or more patients developed grade 4 or febrile neutropenia at the preceding dose level. Dose-limiting toxicity occurred in two patients at level 2 (cycle 1), and filgrastim was administered thereafter for the next four dose levels. Grade 4 thrombocytopenia was seen at level 4; thus, the carboplatin dose was de-escalated thereafter, and the paclitaxel dose escalated. Rare nonhematologic toxicities include fatigue, diarrhea, and nausea and vomiting. Among the first 30 patients, one had a complete response and 14 had partial responses, for an overall response rate of 50%. The combination of paclitaxel and carboplatin is active in non-small cell lung cancer, and the recommended phase II dose without filgrastim support is paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 via a 24-hour infusion with the carboplatin dose targeted to achieve an AUC of 7 mg/ mL.min.
Abstract B034: Time to treatment and overall survival among men with localized prostate cancer

Background: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer diagnosed among men in the United States. Delays from the time of confirmed diagnosis to primary treatment are more common for prostate compared to other malignancies. The objective of this study was to investigate factors associated with time to treatment and the effect of time to treatment on overall survival among men with early-stage prostate cancer. Methods: From the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial, men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer who received treatment within a year of diagnosis were selected for analysis (N=6,349). Selected men had date of diagnosis, treatment date, and mortality status as of 2012. We investigated sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with time to treatment using Cox regression. We also used Cox regression to examine the effect of time to treatment on overall survival. Covariates included Gleason score, PSA level, age at diagnosis, employment status, education level, race, marital status, and comorbidity burden. Results: The median time to treatment was 73 (IQR: 44-120) days. Demographic factors associated with longer time to treatment included being Black (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR)= 0.85, 95%CI: 0.76-0.95), having some college education (aHR= 0.91, 95%CI: 0.85-0.97), and having a baccalaureate degree or a post-baccalaureate degree (aHR= 0.89, 95% CI: 0.84-0.95). Clinical factors associated with longer time to treatment were being diagnosed at an older age (aHR= 0.86, 95%CI:0.80-0.93 for age of 70-74 years and aHR= 0.80, 95%CI: 0.74-0.87 for 75 year and older) and having an elevated PSA level (HR=0.89, 95%CI: 0.81-0.94 for third PSA quartile (6.11-9.0) and HR=0.87, 95%CI: 0.81-0.94 for fourth PSA quartile (9.0 and above). Gleason score and comorbidity burden were not associated with time to treatment. Being married (aHR=1.11, 95%CI: 1.03-1.19) and being retired (aHR=1.09, 95%CI:1.034-1.16) were associated with shorter time to treatment. After adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, time to treatment did not have a significant effect on overall survival. Conclusions: College education, being Black, older age at diagnosis, and higher PSA levels were associated with longer time to treatment. Being married and being retired were associated with shorter time to treatment. Longer time to treatment was not associated with overall mortality among PLCO men with localized prostate cancer. Citation Format: Dudith Pierre-Victor, Paul Pinsky, Iman K. Martin, Worta McCaskill-Stevens. Time to treatment and overall survival among men with localized prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Prostate Cancer: Advances in Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research; 2017 Dec 2-5; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(16 Suppl):Abstract nr B034.
Lean Six Sigma in Versicherungen

Die Versicherungsbranche befindet sich seit Jahren unter einem konstanten Kosten‑ und Wettbewerbsdruck und sieht sich zunehmend auch grundlegenden strukturellen Veranderungen ausgesetzt. Dies macht den nachsten Schritt hin zur Industrialisierung und Professionalisierung der internen Ablaufe uber Schnittstellen hinweg notwendig. Lean Six Sigma bietet hierfur bewahrte Methoden und Ansatze um Kundenbedarfe, Ablaufe, Mitarbeiter und Fuhrung zu synchronisieren sowie die Leistungsfahigkeit und Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit des Gesamtsystems deutlich zu steigern.
Does race predict survival for women with invasive breast cancer

BACKGROUND Black women with breast cancer have lower survival rates and higher recurrence rates in comparison with white women. This study compared treatment and survival outcomes for black and white women at a highly specialized tertiary care cancer center. METHODS An institutional review board-approved, retrospective institutional database review was performed to identify all black women treated for invasive breast cancer between 2005 and 2010. Women with a prior history of breast cancer, stage IV cancer, or bilateral breast cancer were excluded. White women had similar exclusion criteria applied and were then matched to black women 1:1 by age and diagnosis year. Clinicopathologic and treatment variables were compared by race. Kaplan-Meier methodology was used to estimate overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS); a multivariable analysis was conducted with Cox regression models. RESULTS The study group consisted of 1332 women (666 black). The median tumor size was larger in black women (1.6 vs 1.3 cm; P < .001). Black women had more nodal disease (41.1% vs 32%; P < .001) and had tumors that were more frequently an estrogen receptor-negative (32.9% vs 15%; P < .001), progesterone receptor-negative (47.1% vs 30.2%; P < .001), or triple-negative (TN) subtype (24% vs 8.9%; P < .001) in comparison with white women. Black women also had inferior DFS and OS; race was not an independent prognostic indicator in the multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS Black women had more advanced disease and adverse prognostic indicators at diagnosis, but race was not an independent predictor of outcome. Black women were significantly more likely to have TN breast cancer. Further research is necessary to understand the differences in tumor biology associated with race.
Delivering person-centered care with an electronic health record.

Electronic health records are now widely adopted in medical and behavioral health settings. While they have the potential to improve the quality of care, the research findings on their impact on clinical practice and outcomes have been mixed. This study explores how the electronic health record and its stage of development influenced the implementation of person-centered care planning in community mental health clinics. The study was set in five community mental health clinics which utilized an EHR and had been trained in person-centered care planning. Using an objective quantitative measure of fidelity, the study examined fidelity to PCCP across time and by stage of EHR development. Data from focus groups, interviews with clinic leaders and consultant reports was analyzed to explore the process of implementation and the role of the electronic health record. All clinics demonstrated an overall increase in PCCP fidelity at the conclusion of the study period but there were significant differences in PCCP fidelity among clinics with EHRs in different stages of development. Electronic health records emerged as a significant implementation factor in the qualitative data with clinics being unable to individualize service plans and encountering technical difficulties. Barriers to person-centered care included drop-down boxes and pre-determined outcomes. Clinic responses included customizing their record or developing workarounds. The study demonstrated the need to align the electronic health record with a person-centered approach which includes individualizing information and orienting service plans to personal life goals. The ability of clinics to be able to customize their records and balance the need for unique and aggregate information in the record is critical to improve both the provider experience and the quality of care. Clinicaltrials.gov , NCT02299492 , registered on November 24, 2014.
Information-Rich Environments: The Online World and ICTs

Building on Chap. 2’s exploration of the natures and affordances of various information-rich environments, this chapter focuses specifically on the environment offered through online platforms. It extends the earlier discussion of interactivity to position it as the basic learning affordance of this highly sophisticated information-rich environment, and it explains how interactivity underlies the capability of ICTs (information and communication technologies) to provide both logistical and conceptual advantages. Because research on the unique learning affordances of online environments is still developing, the chapter draws primarily on earlier research as well as on a strong theoretical base to suggest the inherent possibilities for learning with information available here. The chapter argues that, while many of the affordances presented in Chap. 2 apply in this environment, several key affordances and combinations of affordances that are uniquely present in ICTs hold special promise for learning today and in the future. These affordances—distributed processing and collaboration, discourse strategies and distributed processing, and collaboration and discourse strategies—offer unique avenues for learning with information in online environments.
The Moroccan city: a quest for cultural memory in Francophone and Arabophone contemporary literature

This article focuses on representations of the city in 20th- and twenty-first-century Moroccan literature. In particular, this work concerns itself with the different social, historical, and politi...
A Review of In-Memory Computing Architectures for Machine Learning Applications

to meet the extensive computational load presented by the rapidly growing Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). In order to obtain hardware solutions to meet the low-latency and high-throughput computational demands from these algorithms, Non-Von Neumann computing architectures such as In-memory Computing (IMC)/ Processing-in-memory (PIM) are being extensively researched and experimented with. In this survey paper, we analyze and review pioneer IMC/PIM works designed to accelerate ML algorithms such as DNNs and CNNs. We investigate different architectural aspects and dimensions of these works and provide our comparative evaluations. Furthermore, we discuss challenges and limitations in IMC research and also present feasible directions based on our observations and insight.
Social Relationships in Early Life and Episodic Memory in Mid- and Late Life.

Objectives This study examines the longitudinal relationships between retrospective reports of early-life social relationships (i.e., having good friends, parent-child relationship quality, and childhood neighborhood social cohesion) and episodic memory in China. Methods We analyzed two waves of data (2011 and 2015) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The analytical sample included 9,285 respondents aged 45 and older at baseline. A lagged dependent variable approach was used to estimate the associations between measures of early-life social relationships and episodic memory change at the study's 4-year follow-up. Results Retrospective reports of better early-life social relationships are significantly associated with higher levels of episodic memory performance in 2015 among middle-aged and older Chinese, controlling for episodic memory in 2011, childhood socioeconomic status, adulthood sociodemographic variables, and the history of stroke. Educational attainment accounts for a significant portion of the associations between early-life social relationships and episodic memory. In contrast, mental health and social engagement in adulthood account for a small part of these associations. Discussion The findings suggest that positive early-life social relationships are beneficial for episodic memory in mid- and late life, and more research is needed to examine the underlying mechanisms.
Monetary Policy Surprises and Inflation Expectation Dispersion

Anchoring of inflation expectations is of paramount importance for central banks' ability to deliver stable inflation and minimize price dispersion. Relying on daily interest rates and inflation forecasts from major financial institutions in the United States, we calculate monetary policy surprises of individual analysts as the unexpected changes in the federal funds rate before the meetings of the Federal Reserve Board. We then assess the effect of monetary policy surprises on the dispersion of inflation expectations, a proxy for the extent of anchoring, which is based on the same analysts' inflation projections submit-ted after the Fed meetings. With an identification strategy that hinges on a tight window around the Fed meetings, we find that monetary policy surprises lead to an increase in the dispersion of inflation expectations up to nine months after the policy meeting. We rationalize these results with a partial equilibrium model that features rational expectations and sticky information. When we allow the degree of information rigidity to depend on the realization of firm-specific shocks, the theoretical results are qualitatively consistent and quantitatively close to the empirical evidence.
Systematic Review for the 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines

Abstract Objective To review the literature systematically and perform meta-analyses to address these questions: 1) Is there evidence that self-measured blood pressure (BP) without other augmentation is superior to office-based measurement of BP for achieving better BP control or for preventing adverse clinical outcomes that are related to elevated BP? 2) What is the optimal target for BP lowering during antihypertensive therapy in adults? 3) In adults with hypertension, how do various antihypertensive drug classes differ in their benefits and harms compared with each other as first-line therapy? Methods Electronic literature searches were performed by Doctor Evidence, a global medical evidence software and services company, across PubMed and EMBASE from 1966 to 2015 using key words and relevant subject headings for randomized controlled trials that met eligibility criteria defined for each question. We performed analyses using traditional frequentist statistical and Bayesian approaches, including random-effects Bayesian network meta-analyses. Results Our results suggest that: 1) There is a modest but significant improvement in systolic BP in randomized controlled trials of self-measured BP versus usual care at 6 but not 12 months, and for selected patients and their providers self-measured BP may be a helpful adjunct to routine office care. 2) systolic BP lowering to a target of
Middle School Student Knowledge of and Attitudes Toward Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology is a field that leverages design, biology, engineering, and computation to genetically engineer organisms to make usable products such as sustainably manufactured textiles, biodegradable chemicals, and personalized medicine. Despite increases in access, we know little about what younger learners know and think about these modern applications. This is problematic for reasons related to civic engagement and field participation. This research addresses this by examining a group (n = 66) of middle school youth (ages 11 to 14) in the United States (US). Analysis of survey and interview data suggests that, while students know very little about synthetic biology, they nevertheless have well-formed attitudes that involve considerations that are typically observed in older student groups. Findings also suggest that perspectives among this group were still forming and flexible. Opportunities to support student learning and literacy in this emerging field are discussed in terms of their geopolitical, sociocultural, and educational influences.
A V-Band GaN Power Amplifier with 34.9% PAE and 35.1 dBm Output Power

This work presents a high efficiency, highest reported output power GaN-based power amplifier targeting the V-band frequency range from 65 to 71 GHz. Implemented in HRL’s 40 nm GaN T3 MMIC process and simulated in AWR, the presented power amplifier achieves a simulated peak power added efficiency (PAE) of 34.9% at 66 GHz. The PA is composed of three stages, and the output stage uses a 4:1 Wilkinson power combiner. The PA’s maximum linear power gain is 13.3 dB at 68 GHz for an input power of 13 dBm. The maximum output power at 1dB compression point is 35.1 dBm at 68 GHz, associated with an input power of 23 dBm. The chip size is 2.7×4.9mm2, thus demonstrating a high power density of 245 mW/mm2 in simulation.
FGFR-inhibitor-mediated dismissal of SWI/SNF complexes from YAP-dependent enhancers induces adaptive therapeutic resistance.

How cancer cells adapt to evade the therapeutic effects of drugs targeting oncogenic drivers is poorly understood. Here we report an epigenetic mechanism leading to the adaptive resistance of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) to fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors. Prolonged FGFR inhibition suppresses the function of BRG1-dependent chromatin remodelling, leading to an epigenetic state that derepresses YAP-associated enhancers. These chromatin changes induce the expression of several amino acid transporters, resulting in increased intracellular levels of specific amino acids that reactivate mTORC1. Consistent with this mechanism, addition of mTORC1 or YAP inhibitors to FGFR blockade synergistically attenuated the growth of TNBC patient-derived xenograft models. Collectively, these findings reveal a feedback loop involving an epigenetic state transition and metabolic reprogramming that leads to adaptive therapeutic resistance and provides potential therapeutic strategies to overcome this mechanism of resistance. Li et al. define an adaptive resistance mechanism against FGFR inhibitor treatment in breast cancer attributed to loss of BRG1 chromatin recruitment, reactivation of YAP-dependent enhancers and upregulation of amino acid-induced mTORC1 activity.
Absorptive capacity facilitates adaptation to novel environmental disasters

Absorptive capacity-the ability to learn and apply external knowledge and information to acquire material resources-is an essential but overlooked driver in community adaptation to new and unprecedented disasters. We analyzed data from a representative random sample of 603 individuals from 25 coastal communities in Louisiana affected by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. We used simultaneous equation models to assess the relationship between absorptive capacity and resource acquisition for affected individuals after the disaster. Results show that the diversity of individuals' prior knowledge coupled with the community's external orientation and internal cohesion facilitate resource use. They go beyond simply providing resources and demonstrate individual and community features necessary for absorbing information and knowledge and help devise adaptation strategies to address the dynamics of changing economic, social, and political environment after the disaster.
The Ethos of Imagining

As the previous chapter shows, recent theory has closely tied imagination to language, and therefore also to rationality. This is a return to the conceptual topology that originated in antiquity and that has occasionally been revived in modern thought. Imagination works by marking positions in imaginative fields that are abstract with respect to ordinary experience but concrete insofar as the images are appearance–forms in a field–medium. Imagination is a (psychologically) evocative, anticipatory, abstractional–concretional activity that follows upon actual perception. It allows the imaginer to shift perspective, to incipiently and dynamically place, vary, and explore appearances in fields of concern, to attend to and mark those fields, and to exploit the results by projecting appearances of one field into others. More important than defining imagination is understanding the implied conceptual topology underlying all imaginative phenomena and acts. Perhaps all psychic activity is imaginative; if so, the long tradition of establishing a hierarchy of mind powers should give way to a more interactive conception that understands science itself as imaginative. Future work in imagination studies will need to ask further questions along these lines and explore (a) the depth psychology of imagining, (b) the consequences for our conception of the nature and unity of human being, (c) the ontology of imagination, and (d) the ethics of imagination required in a world committed to rapid change guided by scientific and technological imagination.
Footwear Style and Risk of Falls in Older Adults

OBJECTIVES: To determine how the risk of a fall in an older adult varies in relation to style of footwear worn. DESIGN: Nested case-control study. SETTING: Group Health Cooperative, a large health maintenance organization in Washington state. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1,371 adults aged 65 and older were monitored for falls over a 2-year period; 327 qualifying fall cases were compared with 327 controls matched on age and sex. MEASUREMENTS: Standardized in-person examinations before fall occurrence, interviews about fall risk factors after the fall occurred, and direct examination of footwear were conducted. Questions for controls referred to the last time they engaged in an activity broadly similar to what the case was doing at the time of the fall. RESULTS: Athletic and canvas shoes (sneakers) were the styles of footwear associated with lowest risk of a fall. Going barefoot or in stocking feet was associated with sharply increased risk, even after controlling for measures of health status (adjusted odds ratio 511.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 52.4‐51.8). Relative to athletic/canvas shoes, other footwear was associated with a 1.3-fold increase in the risk of a fall (95% CI 50.9‐1.9), varying somewhat by style. CONCLUSION: Contrary to findings from gait-laboratory studies, athletic shoes were associated with relatively low risk of a fall in older adults during everyday activities. Fall risk was markedly increased when participants were not wearing shoes. J Am Geriatr Soc 52:1495–1501, 2004.
La adolescencia no suelta sus espejos

La casa de memoria. Jotamario Arbelaez. Premios Nacionales Colcultura, Bogota, 1996, 130 pags.
Principles of Heterogeneous Catalysis

The sections in this article are Introduction Definitions of Catalysis and Turnover Steps in a Heterogeneous Catalytic Reaction Desired Characteristics of a Catalyst Reaction Schemes and Adsorbed Species Conditions for Catalyst Optimality Catalyst Design Catalyst Development Bridging Gaps in Heterogeneous Catalysis A Philosophical Note Keywords: heterogeneous catalysis; green chemistry; fuel cells
Transamidating activities of factor XIIIa and of transglutaminases, measured by an ELISA procedure.

The dansyl hapten in dansylcadaverine offers unique possibilities for measuring the incorporation of the monoamine into proteins (e.g. N,N′-dimethylcasein) by transamidating enzymes such as factor XIIIa and the transglutaminases. The protein-bound dansylcadaverine was assayed by an ELISA procedure based on a monoclonal antibody to the dansyl moiety.
Authorization in Distributed Systems: A New Approach

In most existing systems, authorization is specified using some low-level system-specific mechanisms, e.g., protection bits, capabilities and access control lists. We argue that authorization is an independent semantic concept that must be separated from implementation mechanisms and given a precise semantics. We propose a logical approach to representing and evaluating authorization. Specifically, we introduce a language for specifying policy bases. A policy base encodes a set of authorization requirements and is given a precise semantics based upon a formal notion of authorization policy. The semantics is computable, thus providing a basis for authorization evaluation.
Sexuality in an aged sample: Cognitive determinants of masturbation

The examination of sexual activity in old age has typically meant a consideration of sexual intercourse. Masturbation has not received a rigorous investigation with respect to the elderly, despite benefits that may be associated with this form of sexual expression. The present study reports on the relationship of masturbation with locus of control, sexual status, and sexual knowledge as part of a more general but intensive study of an elderly sample. Results indicated that the best predictor of frequency of masturbation was locus of control, while sexual status and sexual knowlledge contributed somewhat less to the variance explained in frequency of masturbation. Specifically, the data support the conclusion that internals masturbate more than externals, particularly internals with high sexual knowledge and persons without sexual partners may have a slight tendency to masturbate more often than those with partners.
A surface spectroscopic study of metal-support interactions: model studies of copper on thin SiO2 films

Abstract The metal-support interactions for a model silica-supported copper catalyst have been studied using temperature-programmed desorption, X-ray photoelectron and infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopies under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The model catalyst support was prepared by synthesizing a thin SiO2 film (∼ 100 A ) on a Mo(110) surface. Copper was then evaporated onto the SiO2 films. A small amount of copper ( Cu SiO 2 interface with the remainder forming 3D-clusters. The desorption energy of copper from the SiO2 is found to depend markedly on copper coverage (cluster size).
Gastric band placement for obesity is not associated with increased urinary risk of urolithiasis compared to bypass.

Purpose: Obesity is associated with multiple health risks. Bariatric surgery is a treatment for clinically severe obesity and is known to increase urolithiasis risk. However, trends in risk over time are not well characterized. Moreover little attention has been devoted to laparoscopic gastric band placement. A comparison of urinary risk of urolithiasis after the Roux-en-Y and gastric banding procedures was performed.Materials and Methods: We evaluated 24-hour urine collections from 39 subjects (11 male and 28 female, mean age 51 years) after bariatric surgery. Of these subjects 27 underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and 12 had gastric banding procedures. Mean time since surgery was 3.4 and 2.1 years for the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and gastric banding groups, respectively.Results: Urine volume was low in both groups (less than 1.5 l daily). Urinary calcium excretion was lower (p = 0.001) in the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (100 mg daily) vs the gastric banding group (191 mg daily). After Roux-en-Y gastric byp...
Fine-needle aspiration cytology of pancreatoblastoma in a young woman: Report of a case and review of the literature

Pancreatoblastoma is a rare tumor and has been reported only four times in the cytologic literature, three times in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy and once in an imprint of resected tumor. We are reporting the fourth case of FNA cytology with immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies. The patient is a 24-yr-old African American woman, who presented with a pancreatic mass, hepatic masses, and abdominal lymphadenopathy. The aspiration smears of the liver mass showed a biphasic tumor composed of bland-appearing primitive spindled stromal fragments with “spider-web”-like long fibrils interconnecting with sharply angulated islands of cohesive epithelium. At high power, the epithelium is composed of medium-sized cells with round-to-oval vesicular nuclei with fine chromatin and one-to-two small nucleoli. The neuroendocrine component was demonstrated immunohistochemically with synaptophysin and chromogranin expressions. The acinar component and squamoid component were demonstrated ultrastructurally by the presence of 400–600 nm zymogen granules and tonofilaments. The literature was reviewed and the cytological features of all the four cases of pancreatoblastoma are summarized. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:258–262. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Selective perturbation of in vivo linear energy transfer using high-Z vaginal applicators for Cf-252 brachytherapy

Abstract Californium-252 ( 252 Cf) brachytherapy sources emit both neutrons and photons, and have the potential to vastly improve the current standard-of-practice for brachytherapy. While hydrogenous materials readily attenuate the 252 Cf fission energy neutrons, high- Z materials are utilized to attenuate the 252 Cf gamma-rays. These differences in shielding materials may be exploited when treating with a vaginal applicator to possibly improve patient survival through perturbation of the in vivo linear energy transfer radiation.
Comparison of experimental and theoretical structures of a transition state analogue used for the induction of anti-cocaine catalytic antibodies

Comparison of the crystal structure of a transition state analogue that was used to raise catalytic antibodies for the benzoyl ester hydrolysis of cocaine with structures calculated by ab initio, semiempirical, and solvation semiempirical methods reveals that modeling of solvation is crucial for replicating the crystal structure geometry. Both SM3 and SM2 calculations, starting from the crystal structure TSA I, converged on structures similar to the crystal structure. The 3-21G(*)/HF, 6-31G*/HF, PM3, and AM1 calculations converged on structures similar to each other, but these gas-phase structures were significantly extended relative to the condensed phase structures. Two transition states for the hydrolysis of the benzoyl ester of cocaine were located with the SM3 method. The gas phase calculations failed to locate reasonable transition state structures for this reaction. These results imply that accurate modeling of the potential energy surfaces for the hydrolysis of cocaine requires solvation methods.
Counselor Education and Counseling Psychology: Where are the Jobs?

Employment opportunities for persons with doctoral degrees in counselor education and counseling psychology were studied. Over 15 months, 708 positions were identified and analyzed to determine frequency of advertised positions calling for either degree, types of positions, and references to the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) or the American Psychological Association. Additional analyses were conducted for counselor education. Results found the counselor education degree to have a clear identity in the marketplace, especially for faculty positions, whereas the degree in counseling psychology was more often 1 of multiple degrees listed for an advertised position. Implications are discussed, including implications for CACREP-accredited doctoral programs and needs for future research.
Characteristics of children with primary hypertension seen at a referral center.

Primary hypertension is well known to occur in children, but the characteristics of such children are changing due to the influence of the obesity epidemic. In view of this, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 70 children [age 13.3±4 years (mean ± SD)] with primary hypertension referred to a specialized pediatric hypertension clinic. Secondary hypertension had been excluded after a standardized diagnostic evaluation. Isolated systolic hypertension was present in 62.9% of subjects. Family history of hypertension was present in 86.2%, and 52.9% were obese (BMI ≥95th percentile). BMI was weakly correlated with systolic BP (r =0.28,P =0.10) and was significantly correlated with total cholesterol (r =0.36,P =0.005) and triglycerides (r =0.42,P =0.01). Mean plasma renin activity (PRA) was 3.1±2.7 ng/ml/h. PRA was correlated with diastolic but not systolic BP. Patients with high PRA had higher diastolic BP and lower BMI compared to those with low PRA. Left ventricular hypertrophy was present in 24%. Mean 24-h systolic BP load by ambulatory BP monitoring was 52±24%; mean 24-h diastolic BP load was 18±16%; BP loads were greater in patients with high PRA. These data suggest that primary hypertension in children is characterized by systolic BP elevation, positive family history and obesity. Hyperlipidemia accompanies primary hypertension in obese children, and left ventricular hypertrophy is common. Patients with high PRA have more severe BP elevation. Future studies should focus on further defining the pathophysiology of primary hypertension in children, including the roles of renin and insulin resistance, so that improved methods of prevention and treatment can be developed.