cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The synthesis of non‐exchangeable deuterated internal standards for imipramine and its metabolites

The synthesis of 10,11-dihydro-5-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine (imipramine) and its 3-methylamino analogue (desipramine)labelled with deuterium in either the 1- or the 3-position of the side chain in high isotopic purity is described. The 3,3-d2 compounds are obtained from the common precursor 5-(2-cyanoethyl)-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine by reduction and alkylation, while the 1,1-d2 products are accessible from the 5-(3-chloropropionyl) derivative by amination and reduction. These compounds are required for use as non-exchangeable mass spectrometric stable isotope internal standards for the simultaneous determination of imipramine and desipramine in biological fluids.
Impact of the consumption of endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass by meadow voles

Throughout the world, millions of hectares of perennial ryegrass lawns and pastures are infected with the endophytic fungus, Neotyphodium lolii. The effect these infected grasses may have on wildlife was investigated using meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus. Consumption of infected ryegrass did not affect weight gain of captive female voles but reduced it in males. Reproductive and mortality rates of meadow voles were similar regardless of diet. In field tests, vole abundance in plots of infected ryegrass were only slightly lower than in plots of uninfected ryegrass. In infected plots, fewer apple trees were gnawed by voles than in uninfected plots suggesting that problems caused by voles may be reduced by planting infected perennial ryegrass at sites where they are causing damage.
SORPTION OF PLUTONIUM-237 BY TWO SPECIES OF MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON11

The absorption of plutonium-237, added from an acid solution, by two species of marine phytoplankton, Monochrysis lutheri Droop, a flagellated chrysomonad, and Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin, a diatom, is governed by a passive mechanism. This is clearly indicated by the observation that the rapid rates of sorption were not significantly different for live and heat-killed cells incubated at 24/sup o/C and 0/sup o/C. The Q/sup 10/ values for the chrysomonad and the diatom of 0.95 and 1.18, respectively, are indicative of passive processes. The average ratio of (activity on algael activity in filtrate) per unit volume at 24 h, the time when maximum levels of algal radioactivity were attained, of (32 +/- 4) X 10/sup 3/ was not significantly different for the diatom or the chrysomonad. On a per cell basis, maximum levels of radioactivity were obtained within 2 h. Less than 20% of the absorbed /sup 237/Pu desorbed after 24 h.
PT symmetry and shape invariance for a potential well with a barrier

We construct an exponential-type PT-symmetric potential, which includes the PT-symmetric versions of the Rosen-Morse well and Scarf potential and the complex PT-invariant potential well V(x) = q2 tanh2 αx+i(q1/2) sech αx tanh αx + q0, q2 > 0. The discrete energy Eigenvalues of the latter complex potential are shown to be real when |q1| ≤ α2/2 + 2q2, while they are complex conjugate pairs if |q1| > α2/2 + 2q2. The PT symmetry is unbroken in the former case and spontaneously broken in the latter case.
Thermodynamic influences on acceleration waves in inhomogeneous isotropic elastic bodies with internal state variables

Thermodynamic properties effects on transverse acceleration wave propagation in inhomogeneous isotropic elastic bodies with internal state variables
Homologous restriction of complement‐mediated cell lysis can be markedly enhanced by blocking decay‐accelerating factor

Summary. Regulation of complement (C′) dependent lysis of cells is attributed to certain membrane proteins. One of these is decay-accelerating factor (DAF), CD55, a 70 kD glycosylated protein which functions to protect host cells from damage by autologous C′. We hypothesized that blockade of DAF function by a monoclonal antibody (mAb) could augment C′-dependent lysis mediated by another mAb to a cell surface antigen expressed on leukaemia cells. Thus, we tested the effects of the anti-DAF mAb 1C6 on the ability of both rabbit and human C’to lyse human leukaemia cells through activation by complement-fixing murine mAb. DAF antigen was highly expressed on most leukaemia cell lines and primary acute leukaemia blast cells tested. Murine mAb to CD15 (PM-81) and to gp 120 (AML-1-99), both IgM, also bound to the majority of myeloid and lymphoid leukaemia cells. Using human serum as a source of C′, the addition of mAb 1C6 reduced by an additional 85-94% the numbers of clonogenic HL-60 (myeloid leukaemia) cells lysed by mAb PM-81 alone. Similarly, the addition of mAb 1C6 reduced by an additional 87% the numbers of HL-60 colonies eliminated by mAb AML-1-99 alone. Similar results were observed in an experimental purging model using the myeloid leukaemia cell lines HL-60, U937 or NB4 cells as targets. These results show that mAb 1C6 can effectively block the actions of DAF. In the presence of mAb 1C6, the cytotoxic activity mediated by human C’was similar to that of rabbit C′. These results show that increased tumour cell killing can be achieved through DAF blockade. This finding has relevance to clinical trials using C′-fixing mAb for purging bone marrow of occult tumour cells prior to autologous transplantation.
Manipulation of hydrogel assembly and growth factor delivery via the use of peptide-polysaccharide interactions

The design of materials in which assembly, mechanical response, and biological properties are controlled by protein-polysaccharide interactions could provide materials that mimic the biological environment and find use in the delivery of growth factors. In the investigations reported here, a heparin-binding, coiled-coil peptide, PF4ZIP, was employed to mediate the assembly of heparinized polymers. The heparin-binding affinity of this peptide was compared with that of other heparin-binding peptides (HBP) via heparin-sepharose chromatography and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments. Results from these experiments indicate that PF4ZIP demonstrates a higher heparin-binding affinity and heparin association rate when compared to the heparin-binding domains of antithrombin III (ATIII) and heparin-interacting protein (HIP). Viscoelastic hydrogels were formed upon the association of PF4ZIP-functionalized star poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PF4ZIP) with low-molecular-weight heparin-functionalized star PEG (PEG-LMWH). The viscoelastic properties of the hydrogels can be altered via variations in the ratio of LMWH to PF4ZIP. bFGF release from these gels have also been investigated. Comparison of the bFGF release profiles with the hydrogel erosion profiles indicates that bFGF delivery from this class of hydrogels is mainly an erosion-controlled process and the rates of bFGF release can be modulated via choice of HBP or via variations in the mechanical properties of the hydrogels. Manipulation of hydrogel physical properties and erosion profiles will provide novel materials for controlled growth factor delivery and other biomedical applications.
Direct projections from cat frontal eye field to internal medullary lamina of the thalamus.

Abstract The possibility of direct connections from the frontal eye field of the cat to the internal medullary lamina of the thalamus was investigated electrophysiologically. Frontal cortex was explored for single cells responding antidromically to stmulation of thalamic regions which did (nucleus centralis lateralis) and did not (lateral part of nucleus medialis dorsalis) result in eye movements. Twenty antidromically invaded cells having latencies of 2–42 msec were observed: 10 were activated antidromically by stimulation of CL and were located in the upper mesial face and the depths of the presylvian sulcus; the other 10 were invaded by stimulation of the lateral part of nucleus medialis dorsalis and were recorded from the mesial face above sulcus genualis. These results reveal a small fiber system descending from the frontal eye field to those regions of the internal medullary lamina of the thalamus involved in eye movements.
Eating out in America, 1987-2000: trends and nutritional correlates.

Background. Despite widely held beliefs about increasing popularity of eating away-from-home and its possible contribution to increasing adiposity of the US population, there are little published data on this topic. To address this issue, we examined trends in frequency of consumption of commercially prepared (CP) meals reported by Americans aged ≥18 years, and its nutritional correlates. Methods. The data were from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 1987 (n = 21,731), NHIS 1992 (n = 11,718), and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2000 (n = 5,330). The information on CP meal consumption was obtained from questions included in the three surveys. The independent association of reported CP meal frequency with body mass index (BMI), and intakes of energy and macronutrients was examined using multiple linear regression methods. Results. The mean reported number of CP meals per week was 2.5 in 1987 and 1992, and 2.8 in 1999–2000. In 1987, approximately 28% of the population reported 0 or <1 commercially prepared meal per week, decreasing to 24% in 1999–2000 (P for trend <0.0001). However, the proportion of the population reporting three or more weekly CP meals increased from 36% in 1987 to 41% in 1999–2000 (P for trend ≤0.0005). The odds of eating out at least one or more and three or more meals per week were 40% higher (95% CI 1.20–1.70) in 1999–2000 relative to 1987. The reported number of CP meals per week was positively associated with estimates of energy intake (P ≤ 0.0001) in each survey. Self-reported and measured BMI were modestly associated with the reported number of weekly CP meals in women in 1999–2000 (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion. Our results confirm that in 1999–2000, more Americans ate out, and ate out more frequently than in 1987 and 1992. Higher eating-out frequency was associated with adverse nutritional consequences.
Sex-specific effects of habitual aerobic exercise on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in middle-aged and older adults.

Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is impaired with aging and is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We determined if regular aerobic exercise improves brachial artery FMD in middle-aged/older (MA/O) men and postmenopausal women. In sedentary MA/O adults (age 55 – 79 years) without CVD, 8 weeks of brisk walking (6 days/week for ~50 min/day; randomized, controlled design) increased treadmill time ~20% in both MA/O men (n=11) and postmenopausal women (n=15) (P 50% in the MA/O men (4.6 ± 0.6 to 7.1 ± 0.6%, P < 0.01), but did not change in the postmenopausal women (5.1 ± 0.8 vs. 5.4 ± 0.7%, P = 0.50). No changes occurred in the non-exercising controls. In a separate cross-sectional study (n =167), brachial artery FMD was ~50% greater in endurance exercise-trained (6.4 ± 0.4%, n = 45) vs. sedentary (4.3 ± 0.3%, n = 60) MA/O men (P < 0.001), whereas there were no differences between endurance-trained (5.3 ± 0.7%, n = 20) and sedentary (5.6 ± 0.5%, n = 42) postmenopausal women (P = 0.70). Brachial artery lumen diameter, peak hyperemic shear rate and endothelium independent dilation did not differ with exercise intervention or in the endurance-exercise vs. sedentary groups. Regular aerobic exercise is consistently associated with enhanced brachial artery FMD in MA/O men, but not in postmenopausal women. Some postmenopausal women without CVD may be less responsive to habitual aerobic exercise than MA/O men.
High-speed camera-sized optical wavelet processor

A compact, ultrahigh-speed, optical correlator using bipolar-amplitude-valued filtering is described. The system compactness and high speed is achieved by utilizing a newly developed nematic twist liquid crystal SLM by KOPIN as the input SLM and a ferroelectric liquid crystal SLM, optics design, and miniature packaging components. The utilization of a ferroelectric spatial light modulator (SLM) developed by Boulder Nonlinear System (BNS) in the Fourier transform domain of the optical correlator has enabled the bipolar- amplitude modulation for filter synthesis. The unique bipolar-amplitude modulation characteristics of the BNS SLM has made possible the design of real-valued spatial filters for pattern recognition. We have demonstrated the superiority of this real-valued filter for higher signal-to- noise-ratio correlation under cluttered environment. Moreover, the real-valued filter synthesis capability also allow us to extend the processing capability from mere optical correlation to optical wavelet transform, optical morphological processing and many other processing operations.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Cardiac cell generation from encapsulated embryonic stem cells in static and scalable culture systems.

Heart diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality linked to extensive loss of cardiac cells. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) give rise to cardiomyocyte-like cells, which may be used in heart c...
Determining Nurses’ Satisfaction with Pharmacy Services: A Suggested Methodology and Demonstration

PurposeThe level of nurses' satisfaction regarding pharmacy services provided at a rural medical center was evaluated and compared to data collected in a previous study at the same institution. Inf...
Effects of HIV-1 Vpr on neuroinvasion and neuropathogenesis.

Human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) infection leads to penetration of the central nervous system (CNS) in virtually all infected individuals and HIV-1–induced encephalopathy in a significant number of untreated patients. The molecular mechanisms by which HIV-1 enters the CNS and yields CNS dysfunction are still unclear. Our laboratories and others have begun to explore the direct effects of prioritized HIV-1–specific proteins on diverse human CNS cell types. One of these proteins, the accessory HIV-1 protein Vpr, is a critical moiety in these studies, and will be discussed in this article.
A new proof of geometric convergence for general transport problems based on sequential correlated sampling methods

In [J. Halton, Sequential Monte Carlo, Proc. Comb. Phil. Soc. 58 (1962), J. Halton, Sequential Monte Carlo Techniques for the Solution of Linear Systems, J. Sci. Comp. 9 (1994) 213-257] Halton introduced a strategy to be used in Monte Carlo algorithms for the efficient solution of certain matrix problems. We showed in [R. Kong, J. Spanier, Sequential correlated sampling methods for some transport problems, in: Harold Niederreiter, Jerome Spanier (Eds.), Monte-Carlo and Quasi Monte-Carlo Methods 1998: Proceedings of a Conference at the Claremont Graduate University, Springer-Verlag, New York, 2000, R. Kong, J. Spanier, Error analysis of sequential Monte Carlo methods for transport problems, in: Harold Niederreiter, Jerome Spanier (Eds.), Monte-Carlo and Quasi Monte-Carlo Methods 1998: Proceedings of a Conference at the Claremont Graduate University, Springer-Verlag, New York, 2000] how Halton's method based on correlated sampling can be extended to continuous transport problems and established their geometric convergence for a family of transport problems in slab geometry. In our algorithm, random walks are processed in batches, called stages, each stage producing a small correction that is added to the approximate solution developed from the previous stages. In this paper, we demonstrate that strict error reduction from stage to stage can be assured under rather general conditions and we illustrate this rapid convergence numerically for a simple family of two dimensional transport problems.
Seasonal Light-Trap Collections of the Twolined Spittlebug in Southern Georgia

When adult Prosapia bicincta (Say) were collected daily from light traps in Tift County, Georgia, in 1964–66, 3 periods of peak activity appeared, the 1st 2 peaks in June and early July during the 1st generation and the 3rd (associated with other minor peaks) during the 2nd generation. Females made up only 19% or less of the collections from high traps (62–108 in. above ground), but the proportion was greater in most low traps (6 in. above ground). Also, the percentages of the sexes were about equal in collections made from 2 low traps in a heavily infested and severely damaged pasture planted to Coastal bermudagrass. Thus the height of the traps and the location (in areas of light (undamaged) or heavy (severely damaged) populations) were related to the proportion and number of females collected. The gravidity was determined by dissection of females, but it did not correlate with the height of the traps. Hourly collections in 1966 from a trap operated from 6 PM to 6 AM EST for 8 weeks showed that flight activity usually peaked at 9 or 10 PM.
The role of dependencies in component-based systems evolution

In this position paper we argue that component dependencies should be treated as a first class problem in component-based systems evolution. We discuss some issues related to dependencies and present an overview of a technique to describe and analyze dependencies in component-based systems.
Suing in Tort for Loss of Computer Data

D OES the loss of computer data constitute damage to property for the purposes of an action in negligence, or is it pure economic loss? On the test in Hunter v. Canary Wharf Ltd. [1997] A.C. 655, if the loss of data is concomitant with a change in the configuration in the particles of the computer hardware by means of which the data are stored, the Courts are likely to find that damage to property has taken place. This is likely to have significant implications in the context of problems caused by the “millennium bug”. However, whatever may be the correct analysis of the nature of the loss, de minimis principles and considerations of fairness, justice and reasonableness may militate against the imposition of liability in tort, at least where the loss of data is negligently, rather than deliberately, caused.
IEEE Workshop on mobile computing systems and applications

The goal of this two-day meeting was to foster interaction between active workers in mobile computing, with a view toward cross-fertilization of ideas. A summary is given of the discussions that took place during the workshop. The focus is on those interactions that seemed most insightful, or controversial, or evoked the most response from the audience. The discussions included novel methods of mobile computing and the development of system structures, file systems, wiring the campus, application frameworks, exploiting mobility commercially, networks and protocols, accessing the World-Wide Web, and privacy and anonymity. >
The relationship of placement experience to school absenteeism and changing schools in young, school-aged children in foster care.

Background Chronic school absenteeism and frequent school changes, particularly among younger children, may be antecedents for the high rates of school failure and subsequent dropout among youth in foster care. However, the relationship of foster care experience to absenteeism and school change has not been well studied.
Inventing higher purpose through suffering: The transformation of the transformational leader

The article is an empirical study of how 10 transformational leaders of global social change invented their higher purpose. The inductively developed propositions capture the dynamic interplay of individual consciousness and external phenomena, and reveal processes apparently crucial to the construction of their higher purpose. The development of their higher purpose is elucidated by four propositions that demonstrate how the leaders awakened from entranced consciousness by (a) reframing personal suffering in the light of perceived eternal truths, (b) referencing inspiring standards of others in reflecting upon suffering, (c) reinforcing their identification with others in suffering, (d) reorienting themselves toward serving others in suffering by invoking their perceived eternal truths. The construct of trance, an unreflective consciousness from which individuals emit pat responses to the demands of everyday living, serves as the theoretical foil to interpret the processes involved in inventing higher purpose.
Fault characterization of standard cell libraries using inductive contamination analysis (ICA)

In this paper we demonstrate an Inductive Contamination Analysis (ICA)-based methodology for complete fault characterization of standard cell libraries. Such a characterization has applications in accurate assessment of defect coverage, contamination diagnosis, gate-level delay characterization and test generation.
Distribution Line Carrier Sensitivity Analysis Using Bus Impedance Matrix

In a previous paper[1] we described the use of a bus impedance matrix approach for determining the signal strength of distribution line carrier signals. The technique used bus impedance matrices to calculate transimpedances which are the ratios of the voltage at any point on the line to the current injected at any point on the line. In the current paper we apply sensitivity analysis to this bus impedance approach and show how simply new transimpedances can be obtained from the original values when changes in the distribution line are made.
Three-Dimensional Imaging of the High Sea-State Wave Field Encompassing Ship Slamming Events

Abstract Understanding and modeling ship wave slamming necessitates characterizing the surface wave field that results in slamming events. Shipboard measurements of the incoming wave field were made during sea trials of the twin-hull Sea Fighter (FSF-1), using a three-dimensional (3D), stereo-optic imaging system. The data obtained were processed using an image matching algorithm resulting in 3D video sequences of the incoming wave field at forward speeds of 16–40 kt in head seas at sea state 4. Six wave slamming events were captured, characterized, and compared to the average wave field properties. It was found that the salient properties of the individual waves that resulted in ship slamming occurred in groups of two or more, were approximately 30% larger than the significant wave heights during the ∼2-min period encompassing the slamming events, and had wave slopes at least 2 times that of the preceding wave slope. Additionally, wave slamming corresponded to large ship pitching motions resulting from t...
Research & clinical exchange

Abstract Question: I have been seeing a number of families lately with adopted children. In most of these families, the adopted child is the identified patient. What problems are specific to such families and how do you approach them? Please give clinical examples.
The use of an electrostatic wattmeter for magnetic-loss measurements

The theory, construction and use of an electrostatic wattmeter suitable for the measurement of the losses in magnetic materials subjected to alternating magnetization are described. Details are also given of amplifiers for use in conjunction with the wattmeter, particularly at low frequencies and low flux-densities.Selected experimental results are given to illustrate the use of the equipment with a variety of magnetic materials, over a frequency range of 25 c/s to 25 kc/s.
Stimulation of Receptor-Mediated Nitric Oxide Production by Vanadate

Abstract —Nitric oxide (NO) production by endothelial cells in response to bradykinin (Bk) treatment was markedly and synergistically enhanced by cotreatment with sodium orthovanadate (vanadate), a phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitor. This enhancement was blocked by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Calcium ionophore– (A23187) activated production of NO was also enhanced by cotreatment with vanadate. No significant changes were found in total endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) protein or in eNOS distribution between membrane (caveolae) and cytosolic fractions in response to the various treatments. Vanadate had no direct effect on eNOS activity, and lysates prepared from cells treated with vanadate showed little change in specific activity of eNOS. Western blots of immunoprecipitated eNOS showed the presence of a major tyrosine-phosphorylated protein band at a mass corresponding to ≈125 kDa and 2 minor bands corresponding to ≈105 and 75 kDa after treatment with vanadate/Bk. No tyrosine phosphorylation of eNOS after treatment with vanadate/Bk was observed. Geldanamycin, an inhibitor of heat shock protein 90, also inhibited the enhancement of NO production by vanadate/Bk or vanadate/A23187, and there was an increase in the amount of heat shock protein 90 that coimmunoprecipitated with eNOS after treatment with vanadate/Bk. These results show that there is a clear link between tyrosine phosphorylation and stimulation of eNO production, which does not appear to involve direct modification of eNOS, changes in eNOS levels, or compartmentation, but rather appears to be due to changes in proteins associating with eNOS, thereby enhancing the state of activation of eNOS.
Optical harmonic generation in liquid crystals

The non-linear optical properties of several cholesteric and nematic liquid crystals are studied in laser experiments on generation of secondand third-harmonic radiation. No secondharmonic is observed in any of the liquid crystal mesomorphic phases, indicating that the local molecular ordering in these phases is centrosymmetric. The generality of this result to datediminishes the potential of liquid crystals as nonlinear materials. Large intensity changes ofthird harmonic are observed at several phase transitions, and their possible origins are discussed. Tentative results are presented on experiments to utilize the high optical rotatory power of the cholesteric phase to obtain phase matching in third-harmonic generation.
Transcutaneous Ultrasound Augments Lysis of Arterial Thrombi In Vivo

Background External ultrasound has a synergistic effect on thrombus disruption with thrombolytic agents in vitro. We hypothesized that transcutaneous ultrasound could augment thrombolysis in vivo. ...
Call for Papers for the 1988 Annual Meeting of the American Dairy Science Association

s of research accepted for publicat ion by a scientific journal before the annual meeting are not acceptable. The Program Commit tee favors the general policy that a person present only one paper. If the total number of papers submit ted by the membership is too great to include in the program, the Commit tee will assign some papers to be read by title only. Stimulating the highest quality of applied and fundamental research is the goal of the Committee. Mathematical and statistical units should be rechecked to avoid costly corrections in final printing. Careful experimental design and interpretat ion of results are necessary prerequisites. Compliance with the instructions for preparation of abstracts will simplify tasks of the Program Committee and of the Editor 's offices. Careful editing of abstracts before submission is essential. Mimeographed copies (200) of pertinent details and data are desirable for distribution at the time of presentation. Projected material, such as 2 × 2 slides, should include large lettering for easy reading. Names and addresses of the chairpersons to whom abstracts should be sent are given below. If you want an acknowledgment of the receipt of the abstract, please enclose a self-addressed postal card. Dairy Foods Division P. C. Vasavada Animal and Food Science Department University of Wisconsin 246 Agricultural Science Building River Falls, WI 54022
Influence of Surface Preparation Prior to Thermal Nitridation on the Electrical Characteristics of Silicon Nitride Films Deposited on Polycrystalline Silicon Films

Rapid thermal nitridation of the polycrystalline silicon film prior to the deposition of the silicon nitride dielectric film has been shown to be very effective in improving the dielectric characteristics for thin films. The changes at the polysilicon-silicon nitride interface has been further investigated using an in-situ clean process. This pre-treatment reduces the oxygen levels at the interface and improves the time dependent dielectric breakdown. The leakage current increases slightly due to the thinning of the silicon dioxide film at the interface.
Factors Affecting BSW Students' Choices in Initial Field Placement: A Racial/Ethnic Comparison

Field placement experiences have long been viewed as a critical component of social work training. However, little research has focused on choice of initial undergraduate field placement experience and on factors affecting this choice, particularly as they relate to race or ethnicity. This study addressed this research gap in initial field placements for students seeking an undergraduate degree. Data from a survey of 220 students, collected through six semesters from their initial field placement course, are analyzed. Results suggest that students of color differ significantly from their White counterparts not only in choice of field placement but also in certain aspects of the decision process related to this choice. Implications for social work field education are discussed.
Speech comparison in the Rosetta Stone

The Rosetta Stone™ is a successful CD-ROM based interactive program for teaching foreign languages, that uses speech comparison to help students improve their pronunciation. The input to a speech comparison system is N+1 digitised utterances. The output is a measure of the similarity of the last utterance to each of the N others. Which language is being spoken is irrelevant. This differs from classical speech recognition where the input data includes but one utterance, a set of expectations tuned to the particular language in use (typically digraphs or similar), and a grammar of expected words or phrases, and the output is recognition in the utterance of one of the phrases in the grammar (or rejection). This paper describes a speech comparison system and its application in The Rosetta Stone™.
Improved Aneurysmal SAH Outcomes: A Comparison of 2 Decades at an Academic Center (S53.002)

Objective: To evaluate outcomes in aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) patients admitted to our hospital over the past 2 decades. Background Advances in management of aSAH including refinement of neurosurgical techniques, availability of endovascular options and evolution of neurocritical care have led to improved outcomes following aSAH. Design/Methods: Prospectively collected data of aSAH patients admitted to the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions between 1991-2009 was reviewed. Patients with SAH caused by trauma, AVM or tumor were excluded. We compared functional outcomes at first clinic appointment post discharge (30-120 days) in patients admitted between 1991- 2000 (phase 1=P1) and 2000- 2009 (phase 2=P2) respectively using dichotomized GOS (Good outcome: GOS 4-5). Admission factors impacting outcomes such as age, Hunt & Hess Grade (H/H) and major medical co-morbidities (e.g. CAD, HTN, DM, COPD, CVA, renal failure, cancer) were included in multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: 1194 patients were analyzed (P1 46.3%; P2 53.7%). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in poor grade Hunt & Hess (P1 21.2%, P2 23.1%; p>0.05) with trends towards an older population during Phase 2 (P1: 51.48, P2 53.02; p0.06). Known Medical co-morbidites were more common in Phase 2 (P1 53.9%, P2 63.7%; p 0.05). 71.5% Phase 2 compared to 65.8% Phase 1 admissions had GOS 4-5; this difference was statistically significant following univariate (p Conclusions: Our analysis confirms that patients with aneurysmal SAH have shown significant improvements in functional outcomes over the past two decades. Disclosure: Dr. Naval has received personal compensation for activities with EKR Therapeutics as a speaker. Dr. Carhuapoma has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tamargo has nothing to disclose.
Mathematical Notes Concerning the Tire Contour Integral

Abstract In developing the mathematics which underlies the design of pneumatic tires, Day and Gehman derived the differential equation for the tire contour shape, valid for any tire, in terms of the tire dimensions and the cord path α(p);
Combating the Health Risks of Sedentary Behavior in the Contemporary Radiology Reading Room

OBJECTIVE. We detail the association of sedentary behavior with a variety of health problems and provide the radiologist with a number of simple activities and techniques that can improve overall health while still meeting the productivity demands of a high-volume practice. Although these techniques are well known and recognized in the fitness and nutrition literature, they are not widely used in the radiology reading room. The computer- and workstation-based work routinely performed by diagnostic radiologists typically occurs in the seated position, leading to more than 8 hours per day of sitting. Studies have found that even for those who exercise regularly, spending increased time sitting can negate the healthful effects of exercise. Time spent in a seated or sedentary position leads to slowing of one's metabolism, with negative resultant effects. CONCLUSION. The concept of nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) will be described, with examples given of how to burn more calories while at work and, t...
Drawing on psychological theory to understand and improve antipoverty policies: The case of conditional cash transfers.

Increasingly, psychological theory and research are used to help design and guide social policy efforts. One particular antipoverty policy that is gaining popularity is conditional cash transfers (CCTs), where cash is transferred to needy households, conditioned on their making prestipulated investments in their children’s health and education. CCTs have been rigorously evaluated and implemented as policy by governments in several countries. Outside of neoclassical and behavioral economics, there has been a relative lack of formal theoretical grounding in the design of CCTs and in adaptations of the policy. This limits the ability of researchers to estimate program impacts, comprehend the full range of effects, and understand why a particular program fails to be effective. This also limits the ability of policymakers to design CCT programs optimally. As a first step in developing a more comprehensive theoretical framework for CCTs, this article presents a model and theory of change based in a select, but diverse, array of psychological theories (self-efficacy theory, self-determination theory, and bioecological systems theory) for how CCTs may operate to affect families and child development. This model focuses on potential mediators and moderators, and on a broader set of child outcomes that should be considered for future CCT program design, adaptation, and evaluation.
Summary and Recommendations

Dr. Doris Howes Calloway opened the meeting by defining nutritional status in a functional context. The impetus for arriving at such a definition has been the difficulties inherent in measuring food intake in individuals in the field, in the problem of setting criteria for intake or tissue levels of many nutrients that are predictive of disease symptoms due to incipient deficiencies, the uncertainties of food requirements during periods of stress, and the multiplicity of factors other than nutrition that affect growth and anthropometric measures. Functional indicators with sufficient sensitivity, precision, and reproducibility are not yet sufficiently validated. The relationships between nutritonal status and cognitive abilities, social and behavioral attributes, work capacity, reproductive function, and immunologic capacity are currently being evaluated. However, functional adaptations do occur in response to restricted food intake, and there is a need to distinguish between physiologic adaptation and pathologic maladaptation. Dr. William R. Beisel discussed the concepts of synergism and antagonism of nutrition and infection; these are the situations in which malnutrition either augments severity of infection or affords protection from clinical illness. Previous studies lending support to these constructs are largely descriptive and cannot establish a cause-and-effect relationship. It is unlikely that this relationship can be readily demonstrated for humans, given the large number of uncontrollable variables. For example, parasitic infections are usually multiple, infecting doses are unknown, exposure can be recurrent or continuous, and infections are chronic. Furthermore, determinants of the apparent synergy or antagonism include the species and virulence of the parasite, its own nutritional requirements, the nature and severity of the host's malnutrition, and the functional capacity of immune mechanisms and other host factors. Drs. Gerald T. Keusch and R. K. Chandra re-
Using the hydrologic footprint residence to evaluate Low Impact Development in urban areas.

Urbanization adversely impacts the health of a watershed and the receiving water body, as increased runoff volumes, velocities, and peak flows cause erosion, flooding, and degradation of ecosystem habitats. Low Impact Development (LID) strategies are used to mitigate the impacts of urbanization by reducing the runoff at the source and restoring the natural hydrologic flow regime. Rainwater harvesting, permeable pavements and green roofs may be placed in urban areas to mitigate the runoff generated from rooftops and parking lots. This study simulates and evaluates the placement of these LID strategies for an urban watershed on the Texas A&M University campus. A conventional metric, the peak flow, is used to evaluate the hydrologic performance of LID, in addition to the Hydrologic Footprint Residence (HFR), which is a new metric that captures the inundated areas and duration of floods in downstream reaches. The results indicate that HFR can be used to evaluate the hydrologic performance of LID as it captures both changes in runoff volumes and the duration of flooding to represent the impacts of urbanization.
Exploration and Practice on the Numerical Analysis Teaching Reform

Some problems in the current numerical analysis teaching were analyzed.Combined with the many years teaching practice of undergraduate and graduate,we gave the specific measures of numerical analysis teaching reform,and summed up the effect of the reform.
Analysis and simulation to the response of RLC serial second-order circuit

Application of second-order system is very prevalent in autocontrol,electric power,electron,experimental teaching,and engineering testing,Therefore,There is very important practical meaning to further analyze behavior of second-order system.Dynamic performance of second-order system is involved through analysis and simulation to the response of RLC serial second-order circuit.
Improved ultrastructural lung preservation with prostaglandin E1 as donor pretreatment in a primate model of heart-lung transplantation

Donor pretreatment with prostaglandin E1 as a pulmonary vasodilator has developed as a simple, effective means to provide excellent preservation in heart-lung transplantation. This study was undertaken to investigate the degree of ultrastructural preservation of the lung with prostaglandin E1 and other pulmonary vasodilators in a primate heart-lung transplantation model. Heart-lung transplantation was performed in 14 African green monkeys. Donor cardiac preservation was achieved with cold crystalloid cardioplegic solution (10 ml/kg). Lung preservation was achieved with cold, modified Euro-Collins solution delivered into the main pulmonary artery (60 ml/kg total). Vasodilator agents were administered intravenously 15 minutes before aortic crossclamping. The heart-lung grafts were stored at 4 degrees C for 6 hours. Three groups of animals were studied: five donors with prostaglandin E1 (0.1 to 4.0 micrograms/kg per minute), five donors with prostacyclin (0.1 to 0.35 micrograms/kg per minute), and four donors with nitroprusside (0.8 to 5.0 micrograms/kg per minute). After transplantation, arterial blood gas measurements and lung biopsies were performed at 1- and 3-hour intervals. Five formalin blocks per specimen were sectioned for hematoxylin and eosin staining. Cellular preservation and endothelial cell swelling were evaluated with electron microscopy. The specimens were graded for alveolar hemorrhage, endothelial cell swelling, and cellular preservation (grade 0, minimal, to grade 3, severe) and a mean score was obtained for each preservative agent. Prostaglandin E1-treated specimens demonstrated the least amount of endothelial swelling (mean score of 1.0) compared with prostacyclin- and nitroprusside-treated specimens (mean scores of 1.4 and 2.7, respectively). All nitroprusside-treated specimens demonstrated moderate to severe endothelial cell swelling. Interstitial and alveolar hemorrhage was noted in poorly preserved specimens, but there were no significant differences between groups. We conclude that prostaglandin E1 provides improved cellular preservation by decreasing the extent of endothelial cell swelling as observed on electron microscopy.
Wide Open Town: A History of Queer San Francisco to 1965

Acknowledgments Introduction: San Francisco Was a Wide-Open Town Oral History: Jose Sarria 1. Transgender and Gay Male Cultures from the 1890s through the 1960s Oral History: Reba Hudson 2. Lesbian Space, Lesbian Territory: San Francisco's North Beach District, 1933--1954 Oral History: Joe Baron 3. Policing Queers in the 1940s and 1950s: Harassment, Prosecution, and the Legal Defense of Gay Bars Oral History: Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon 4. "A Queer Ladder of Social Mobility": San Francisco's Homophile Movements, 1953--1960 Oral History: George Mendenhall 5. Queer Cooperation and Resistance: A Gay and Lesbian Movement Comes Together in the 1960s Conclusion: Marketing a Queer San Francisco Appendix A: Map of North Beach Queer Bars and Restaurants, 1933--1965 Appendix B: List of Interviewees Notes Index Plates follow page
Time-Series Forecast Modeling on High-Bandwidth Network Measurements

With the increasing number of geographically distributed scientific collaborations and the growing sizes of scientific data, it has become challenging for users to achieve the best possible network performance on a shared network. We have developed a model to forecast expected bandwidth utilization on high-bandwidth wide area networks. The forecast model can improve the efficiency of the resource utilization and scheduling of data movements on high-bandwidth networks to accommodate ever increasing data volume for large-scale scientific data applications. A univariate time-series forecast model is developed with the Seasonal decomposition of Time series by Loess (STL) and the AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) on Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) path utilization measurement data. Compared with the traditional approach such as Box-Jenkins methodology to train the ARIMA model, our forecast model reduces computation time up to 92.6 %. It also shows resilience against abrupt network usage changes. Our forecast model conducts the large number of multi-step forecast, and the forecast errors are within the mean absolute deviation (MAD) of the monitored measurements.
Forest Economies: A Remedy to Amazonian Deforestation?

Commonly described as the “lungs of the planet,” the Amazon rainforest represents over half of the remaining rainforest in the world, constituting an important global carbon sink and one of the most culturally- and biologically-diverse regions of the world. The past half-century has seen a worrisome amount of deforestation in this rainforest, but different regions within the Amazon, however, compare differently in terms of deforestation trajectories. What has been the role of products obtained from managing forests, such as the now globally-consumed acai palm fruit, in reverting deforestation trends? My hypothesis is that there is a statistically significant negative correlation between such forest products and extent of deforestation. This study examines, within the historical and social context of the Amazon Delta and Estuary, the relationship between acai agroforestry and deforestation. The focus units are the municipios (roughly equivalent to counties) that constitute the Amazon Delta and Estuary, all located in the northern Brazilian states of Amapa and Para. Statistical data for deforestation obtained from PRODES, a Brazilian governmental project, which monitors deforestation via satellite, is used to ascertain deforestation in the region. This dataset is then correlated with census-based production data for each municipio for the period from 2002 to 2012. Mapping these variables onto municipios does visually demonstrate a contrast between areas of high deforestation and high acai production; however, the relationship is not statistically significant.
Tadalafil Treatment Delays the Onset of Cardiomyopathy in Dystrophin-Deficient Hearts.

BackgroundCardiomyopathy is a leading cause of mortality among Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients and lacks effective therapies. Phosphodiesterase type 5 is implicated in dystrophic pathology, an...
Plume dynamics from UV pulsed ablation of Al and Ti

Pulsed laser ablation of Al and Ti with a < 3.3 J/cm2 KrF laser and Ar background pressure of up to 1 Torr was performed to study the ablated plume. Mass loss experiments revealed the number of ablated atoms per pulse increases by ~30% for Ti and ~20% for Al as pressure decreases from 1 Torr to vacuum. Optical emission imaging performed using a gated ICCD revealed a strong dependence of shock front parameters, defined by the Sedov-Taylor blast and classical drag models, on background pressure. Spatially resolved optical emission spectroscopy from Al I, Al II, Ti I, and Ti II revealed ion temperatures of 104 K that decreased away from the target surface along the surface normal and neutral temperatures of 103 K independent of target distance. Comparison between kinetic energy in the shock and internal excitation energy reveals that nearly 100% of the energy is partitioned into shock front kinetic energy and ~1% into internal excitation.
Hybrid Modeling of Borehole Conical Wave Effect In Stratified Media

A hybrid modeling method is used to investigate the propagation of borehole-related conical waves in stratified media. The algorithm is based on a combination of a finite difference method, a reflectivity method and a boundary integral method. A finite difference method is used to model the borehole and its nearby region. Variation of different parameters such as the borehole diameter, characteristics of casing and cement can be easily modeled by the finite difference method. The wavefield on a fictitious boundary around the borehole is then used by the boundary integral method to propagate waves further into surrounding media. The Green’s function needed in boundary integral equation is obtained by the reflectivity method. The reflectivity method calculates the full wavefield response without the prohibitive computer resource requirement needed in the finite difference method and introduces no grid dispersion. However, it is limited to stratified media. The effects of intrinsic attenuation can be incorporated when the Green’s function is calculated. This is crucial for the high frequency range in which real borehole surveys are usually conducted. Seamless welding of these two different computation domains is theoretically guaranteed by the elastic representation theorem.
Optimal design of a 3-coil inductive link for millimeter-sized biomedical implants

For wireless power transfer to multiple millimeter-sized implantable medical devices (IMDs), power delivered to a load should be over minimum operating power of the IMDs and power transfer efficiency (PTE) should be maximized to reduce specific absorption rate across a wide area of interest. We have demonstrated advantages of using a 3-coil inductive link to energize multiple IMDs and its PTE optimization to power up bonding-wire wound coils implanted in tissue environment, in contrast to earlier works that focused on 2-coil inductive link optimization methodologies to a single mm-sized IMD. HFSS simulation results show superiority of the 3-coil inductive link to wirelessly deliver power to multiple mm-sized coils. A 3-coil inductive link optimization method, considering the desired radius of the resonator coil, is presented. Measured PTE to the boding-wire wound coil in tissue media were 9.13% and 2.01% at 275 MHz and 131 MHz when resonator radii were 0.5 cm and 1 cm, respectively.