cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Rich Transcription 2007 Meeting Recognition Evaluation

We present the design and results of the Spring 2007 (RT-07) Rich Transcription Meeting Recognition Evaluation; the fifth in a series of community-wide evaluations of language technologies in the meeting domain. For 2007, we supported three evaluation tasks: Speech-To-Text (STT) transcription, "Who Spoke When" Diarization (SPKR), and Speaker Attributed Speech-To-Text (SASTT). The SASTT task, which combines STT and SPKR tasks, was a new evaluation task. The test data consisted of three test sets: Conference Meetings, Lecture Meetings, and Coffee Breaks from lecture meetings. The Coffee Break data was included as a new test set this year. Twenty-one research sites materially contributed to the evaluation by providing data or building systems. The lowest STT word error rates with up to four simultaneous speakers in the multiple distant microphone condition were 40.6 %, 49.8 %, and 48.4 % for the conference, lecture, and coffee break test sets respectively. For the SPKR task, the lowest diarization error rates for all speech in the multiple distant microphone condition were 8.5 %, 25.8 %, and 25.5 % for the conference, lecture, and coffee break test sets respectively. For the SASTT task, the lowest speaker attributed word error rates for segments with up to three simultaneous speakers in the multiple distant microphone condition were 40.3 %, 59.3 %, and 68.4 % for the conference, lecture, and coffee break test sets respectively.
A Framework for Mainstreaming Patient-Centered Communication in Community-Based Healthcare Organizations

The Mainstreaming framework evolved from a research study with family planning centers that took place from 2009 – 2012. The study tested the correlation between enhanced organizational management system, the provision of patient centered communication, and improved patient health outcomes. Enhanced management system was measured by ability to integrate the needs of Communication Vulnerable Patients (CVP) into an organization’s operating structure including its design, culture, data, information, and monitoring/evaluation systems. Improved patient outcomes were measured through increased testing for STD with Latina patients. The study was conducted in two phases. In phase 1, a baseline survey deepened understanding of the organizational structures. In Phase 2, six clinics were purposively selected from the pool of survey respondents to participate in the study. The 6 clinics were divided into two groups. A delayed intervention methodology was used to allow an opportunity to use Group B as a control Group for the initial 4 months. Site visits; interviews, action plan development, technical assistance, patient chart reviews and review of organizational records were used. Social Learning Theory51, Behavioral Ecological Model, Learning Organizational theory, system theory and gender mainstreaming concepts guided this study. With few exceptions, response to communication barriers has been reactive and non-consistent. They ignored the complexity of the organizational system and the interconnectedness of its many parts and elements. Strategies failed to recognize the interrelated consequences of communication breakdowns, and the overall impact on organizational structure, process and health outcomes. The mainstreaming framework utilizes system thinking principles critical to catalyzing organizational learning and development. It provides guidance to integrate the needs and concerns of CVP within the organizational structure, and enables practitioners to overcome mental models that perceive serving CVP as a burden. It facilitates harnessing the business potential of capturing a larger pool of the patient market.
Non-Higgsable clusters for 4D F-theory models

We analyze non-Higgsable clusters of gauge groups and matter that can arise at the level of geometry in 4D F-theory models. Non-Higgsable clusters seem to be generic features of F-theory compactications, and give rise naturally to structures that include the nonabelian part of the standard model gauge group and certain specic types of potential dark matter candidates. In particular, there are nine distinct single nonabelian gauge group factors, and onlyve distinct products of two nonabelian gauge group factors with matter, including SU(3)� SU(2), that can be realized through 4D non-Higgsable clusters. There are also more complicated congurations involving more than two gauge factors; in particular, the collection of gauge group factors with jointly charged matter can exhibit branchings, loops, and long linear chains.
The Interaction of Economic Reforms, Socio‐economic Structure and Agriculture in Mexico

National policydecisions in developing countries contribute to the increasing integration of agriculture into national and world economies. The spatial consequences of national policies, however, vary across regions and agricultural systems. Employing and adapting a methodology first proposed by King (1970), this study explores the relationship between national policy, agriculture, and population characteristics at the regional level in Mexico during the presidency of Carlos Salinas de Gortari (1988–94). Statistical analyses corroborate the hypothesis that the impact of policy reforms on the agricultural sector in Mexico is mediated by the characteristics of the population. Results suggest that government credit for agriculture and federal funding of rural development during the Salinas de Gortari administration were mediated by factors associatedwith the level of urbanization. The provision of commercial credit at the regional level, however, does not appear to depend on population characteristics. Disparities in the impact of national policies are attributed to a historical urban bias, the differential ability of more highly urbanized states to attract government funding, manage and implement programs, and the existence of highly profitable, commercial agriculture in more developed states.
Faculty Acceptance of Instructional Technology:: Attitudes toward Educational Practices and Computer‐Assisted Instruction at Community Colleges

Teacher resistance is often cited as a primary reason behind schools’ reluctance to adopt instructional technology. This study concerns faculty beliefs about educational practices and attitudes toward computer‐assisted instruction at community colleges. The major dimensions of such beliefs and attitudes, as well as faculty comments and responses to specific questions, help in understanding school acceptance of instructional technology. Completed surveys from approximately 300 faculty members at six colleges indicated current opinions about educational practices and provided a baseline of initial attitudes toward CAI. The section on educational practices was subjected to a principal axis factor analysis, which yielded six factors to be rotated according to a varimax solution. The resultant factors were labelled student focus, receptivity to innovation, course objectives, testing, faculty autonomy, and personal interaction. The section on computers and CAI was also factor analysed, and the resultant four fa...
B-parameters of 4-fermion operators from lattice QCD

This talk summarizes the status of the calculations of B{sub K}, B{sub 7}, B{sub 8}, and B{sub s}, done in collaboration with T. Bhattacharya, C. Kilcup, and S. Sharpe. Results for staggered, Wilson, and Clover fermions are presented.
Synthesis of Quaternary Carbon Centers via Hydroformylation

The application of hydroformylation to the synthesis of quaternary carbon centers is reported. The synthesis of the highly substituted carbon is achieved by applying a catalytic amount of 1. Ligand 1 serves as a catalytic directing group by covalently and reversibly binding to both the substrate and catalyst. The intramolecular nature of the directing group strategy accelerates the hydroformylation reaction such that the reaction is performed at mild temperatures (35−55 °C) and with excellent regioselectivity (b:l > 94:6).
Hardware Support for Secure Processing in Embedded Systems

The inherent limitations of embedded systems make them particularly vulnerable to attacks. We have developed a hardware monitor that operates in parallel to an embedded processor and detects any attack that causes the embedded processor to deviate from its originally programmed behavior. We explore several different characteristics that can be used for monitoring and quantify trade-offs between these approaches. Our results show that our proposed hash-based monitoring pattern can detect attacks within one instruction cycle at lower memory requirements than traditional approaches that use control flow information.
Development of in situ fan curve measurement for VAV AHU systems

Currently there is no reliable and accurate method available for building pressure control due to the difficulties of accurate airflow measurement. Recently, a fan airflow station was developed that measures the fan airflow using the fan head, fan speed, and fan curve. Both the fan speed and the fan head can be measured accurately using existing sensors and transducers. Therefore, the accuracy of the fan airflow station depends on the accuracy of the fan curve. An experimental method has been developed to determine the in situ fan curve without interrupting the normal system operations. This paper presents the theoretical background, experimental methodology, implementation procedures, and verification results in the laboratory as well as existing buildings.
Mode‐Locking and Regional Business Cycle Synchronization*

. Business cycles in different regions of the United States tend to synchronize. This study investigates the reasons behind this synchronization of business cycles and the consequent formation of a national business cycle. Trade between regions may not be strong enough for one region to “drive” business cycle fluctuations in another region. This study suggests that regional business cycles synchronize due to a nonlinear “mode-locking” process in which weakly coupled oscillating systems (regions) tend to synchronize. There is no definitive test for mode-lock. However, simulations, correlations, Granger causality tests, tests for nonlinearities, vector autoregressions, and spectral analysis reveal modest econometric support for the regional mode-locking hypothesis of business cycle synchronization.
Optical stability testing of the fiber support technology (FiST) focal plane assembly of the SABER instrument

The focal plane assembly of the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument is supported using Fiber Support Technology (FiST) which utilizes high performance fibers in tension to mechanically support and thermally isolate a cooled component from a warm environment. Details of this approach were presented in detail at SPIE meeting in Denver in 1996. The SABER team deemed it necessary to perform optical stability testing on this never-before-flown technology for supporting focal plane assemblies to determine if precise positioning could be maintained through vibration and thermal cycling. After subjecting the support system to vibration and thermal cycling, the angular orientation between the warm outer support structure and the inner cold block was measured. Since the outer support structure serves as the reference location for positioning the focal plane assembly and the cold block is where the detectors reside, it was possible to determine if FiST meets the optical stability requirements for the SABER instrument. The results from this testing are presented, discussed, and compared to the optical requirements of the SABER instrument. A brief summary of current thermal and mechanical enhancements to the system will also be discussed.
Expanding emulation from test to create realistic virtual training environments

Most test and measurement experts are aware of the difficulties emanating from limited hardware availability that often arise when testing complex or cutting-edge systems. Hardware inaccessibility typically presents itself when the physical hardware is expensive, large, or simply not yet built. Models and simulations are commonly used to develop test and measurement strategies, to assist in the design of a reliable test bed when physical hardware is unavailable, or to reduce the costs associated with expensive test procedures. Modeling and simulation also afford a test developer the flexibility to experiment with new strategies and the opportunity to get a jump-start on test development without confining him or her to specific measurement techniques. When packaged together, individual models and simulations can be used to create a reliable emulation of a piece of hardware or even an entire system. Although there are many benefits to using hardware emulation in a test and measurement setting, emulation techniques are sometimes not utilized to their full potential. Because of the perceived limited use of emulators, some engineers may be reluctant to invest the time, cost, and energy necessary to develop high-integrity emulation products. This does not need to be the case, however, as emulators have significant applicability in other areas, such as training and maintenance, even after test development and deployment are complete.
Local-in-space estimates near initial time for weak solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations and forward self-similar solutions

We show that the classical Cauchy problem for the incompressible 3d Navier-Stokes equations with (−1)-homogeneous initial data has a global scale-invariant solution which is smooth for positive times. Our main technical tools are local-in-space regularity estimates near the initial time, which are of independent interest.
The UV/IR interplay in theories with space-time varying non-commutativity

We consider scalar field theory with space and space-time-dependent non-commutativity. In perturbation theory, we find that the structure of the UV/IR mixing is quite different from cases with constant non-commutativity. In particular, UV/IR mixing becomes intertwined in an interesting way with violations of momentum conservation.
In-plane conductivity of a layered large-bipolaron liquid

Distinctive normal-state properties of cuprate superconductors follow from their charge carriers forming a large-bipolaron liquid. The very weak scattering of the liquid’s slow-moving heavy-massed excitations by acoustic phonons yields a scattering rate that is less than the Debye frequency. The liquid’s moderate mobility, >1 cm2/V-sec at 300 K, results from its weak scattering compensating for its large mass. In resolution of a long-standing dilemma, the dc resistivity resulting from scattering by long-wavelength phonons remains nearly proportional to temperature to well below the Debye temperature. Above the Debye frequency, the frequency-dependent conductivity is dominated by excitation and photo-ionization of the liquid’s self-trapped electronic carriers. Below the Debye frequency, the frequency-dependent conductivity is dominated by the liquid’s Drude-like collective motion. The ‘gap’ between these two domains sharpens with decreasing temperature as phonon scattering of the liquid’s collective excita...
Investigating Through Simulation the Mobility of Light Tracked Vehicles Operating on Discrete Granular Terrain

This paper presents a computational framework for the physics-based simulation of light vehicles operating on discrete terrain. The focus is on characterizing through simulation the mobility of vehicles that weigh 1000 pounds or less, such as a reconnaissance robot. The terrain is considered to be deformable and is represented as a collection of bodies of arbitrary shape. The modeling stage relies on a novel formulation of the frictional contact problem that requires at each time step of the numerical simulation the solution of an optimization problem. The proposed computational framework, when run on ubiquitous Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) cards, allows the simulation of systems in which the terrain is represented by more than 0.5 million bodies leading to problems with more than one million degrees of freedom. The numerical solution for the equations of motion is tailored to map on the underlying GPU architecture and is parallelized to leverage more than 1500 Scalar Processors available on modern hardware architectures. As a demonstration of this technology, we present the simulation of a light tracked vehicle that negotiates several obstacles whose dimensions are comparable to those of the vehicle. The number of bodies used to represent the vehicle is larger than 100 and the terrain the vehicle operates on is considered to be made up of gravel.
New Formulation of the Axially Symmetric Gravitational Field Problem. II

The field equations governing the gravitational field of a uniformly rotating axially symmetric source are reformulated in terms of a simple variational principle. The new formalism affords a concise unified derivation of the solutions discovered by Weyl and Papapetrou, and permits a simple derivation of the Kerr metric in terms of prolate spheroidal coordinates. More complex solutions are identified by applying perturbation theory.
Electrokinetically driven reversible banding of colloidal particles near the wall

Polystyrene microparticles of 0.5 μm diameter form long-lived streamwise bands within 1 μm of the wall in the combined steady electroosmotic (EO) and Poiseuille flow of a dilute particle suspension through fused-silica microchannels. The bands disappear when the electric field driving the EO flow is turned off, and the band characteristics can be changed by adjusting the flow parameters. To our knowledge, these are the first observations of near-wall particle self-assembly due to shear and steady electric fields.
Superconductivity from hole undressing

Abstract Photoemission and optical experiments indicate that the transition to superconductivity in cuprates is an `undressing' transition. In photoemission this is seen as a coherent quasiparticle peak emerging from an incoherent background, in optics as violation of the Ferrell–Glover–Tinkham sum rule indicating effective mass reduction of superconducting carriers. We propose that this is a manifestation of the fundamental electron–hole asymmetry of condensed matter described by the theory of hole superconductivity. The theory asserts that electrons in nearly empty bands and holes in nearly full bands are fundamentally different: the former yield high conductivity and normal metals, the latter yield low normal state conductivity and high temperature superconductivity. This is because the normal state transport of electrons is coherent and that of holes is incoherent. We explain how this asymmetry arises from the Coulomb interaction between electrons in atoms and the nature of atomic orbitals, and propose a simple Hamiltonian to describe it. A universal mechanism for superconductivity follows from this physics, whereby dressed hole carriers undress by pairing, turning (partially) into electrons and becoming more mobile in the superconducting state.
A concept of corporate planning

Abstract In this article, Professor Ackoff develops a new concept of planning, Adaptive Planning—in a systematic way and attempts to exploit the management and behavioural sciences to the fullest. He discusses the nature of planning, the parts of the planning system, and the different philosophies of planning—which he calls satisficing, optimizing, and adaptivizing. He concludes that “at the present time satisficing planning is the only one of the three approaches to which we can normally adhere completely.”
Efficient electroweak baryogenesis from lepton transport

Abstract One mechanism for generating a baryon asymmetry at the electroweak phase transition involves propagation of particle asymmetries generated by reflection from the bubble walls into the unbroken phase. Hitherto attention has focussed on top quarks because of their large mass and thus effective scattering from bubble walls. In this paper we point out that leptons may be more efficient mediators of this type of electroweak baryogenesis, particularly for thicker bubble walls favored by perturbative calculations. We carry out an analytic calculation of each stage of the mechanism and conclude it produces a baryon asymmetry compatible with observations for a wide range of parameters.
Transmission measurements with the Beckman quartz spectrophotometer.

The Beckman quartz photoelectric spectrophotometer, covering the wave-length range from about 200 to 1200 millimicrons is proving of great utility in spectral transmission and absorption measurements. Essential features of the instrument are described, including a constant-temperature inclosure (for samples) designed and constructed at the Bureau. Various instrumental characteristics are noted and possible errors discussed, particularly those that may be present in the measurement of polarizing samples. Wave-length calibrations are shown for two instruments. A detailed over-all check of the reliability of data obtained on the Beckman spectrophotometer by means of glass standards of spectral transmittance shows it to give results over the wave-length range from 390 to 750 mμ fully as reliable as those obtained with our other spectrophotometers, if various precautions are taken.
Why a jail or prison sentence is increasingly like a death sentence

Because of current conditions inside American jails and prisons, a sentence to a correctional facility routinely compromises the health, safety, and life of inmates. Four environmental factors can make a jail and prison sentence appear like a death sentence: poor health care, unsanitary living conditions, high levels of violence, and an increased number of people with chronic diseases living in close proximity. Thus, a de facto death penalty, the most controversial sanction of the criminal justice system, is the result for some inmates, and a misapplication of the criminal law is thus achieved. In order to present this argument, the author reviews research which increases the likelihood that a person will die behind bars.
Tracking the Best Expert

We generalize the recent relative loss bounds for on-line algorithms where the additional loss of the algorithm on the whole sequence of examples over the loss of the best expert is bounded. The generalization allows the sequence to be partitioned into segments, and the goal is to bound the additional loss of the algorithm over the sum of the losses of the best experts for each segment. This is to model situations in which the examples change and different experts are best for certain segments of the sequence of examples. In the single segment case, the additional loss is proportional to log n, where n is the number of experts and the constant of proportionality depends on the loss function. Our algorithms do not produce the best partition; however the loss bound shows that our predictions are close to those of the best partition. When the number of segments is k+1 and the sequence is of length e, we can bound the additional loss of our algorithm over the best partition by O(k \log n+k \log(e/k)). For the case when the loss per trial is bounded by one, we obtain an algorithm whose additional loss over the loss of the best partition is independent of the length of the sequence. The additional loss becomes O(k\log n+ k \log(L/k)), where L is the loss of the best partitionwith k+1 segments. Our algorithms for tracking the predictions of the best expert aresimple adaptations of Vovk's original algorithm for the single best expert case. As in the original algorithms, we keep one weight per expert, and spend O(1) time per weight in each trial.
Near-extremal correlators and vanishing supergravity couplings in AdS/CFT

Abstract We study near-extremal n -point correlation functions of chiral primary operators, in which the maximal scale dimension k is related to the others by k= ∑ i k i −m with m≤n−3 . Through order g 2 in field theory, we show that these correlators are simple sums of terms each of which factors into products of lower-point correlators. Terms which contain only factors of two- and three-point functions are not renormalized, but other terms have non-vanishing order g 2 corrections. We then show that the contributing AdS exchange diagrams neatly match this factored structure. In particular, for n=4,5 precise agreement in form and coefficient is established between supergravity and the non-renormalized factored terms from field theory. On the other hand, contact diagrams in supergravity would produce a non-factored structure. This leads us to conjecture that the corresponding bulk couplings vanish, so as to achieve full agreement between the structure of these correlators in supergravity and weak-coupling field theory.
Atención a los niños y las niñas víctimas de la violencia de género

Save the Children developed the research “Attention to children victims of gender violence” whose objective is to analyze attention given by the Protection System for Women to children siblings of women victims of gender violence. Research findings indicate that professionals of police, social welfare and justice system believe that children are direct victims of gender violence and victims of psychological violence not only because of physical
The New Class of Dusty DAZ White Dwarfs

Our mid-infrared survey of 124 white dwarfs with the Spitzer Space Telescope and the IRAC imager has revealed an infrared excess associated with the white dwarf WD 2115-560 naturally explained by circumstellar dust. This object is the fourth white dwarf observed to have circumstellar dust. All four are DAZ white dwarfs, i.e., they have both photospheric Balmer lines and photospheric metal lines. We discuss these four objects as a class, which we abbreviate "DAZd," where the "d" stands for "dust." Using an optically thick, geometrically thin disk model analogous to Saturn's rings, we find that the inner disk edges are at ≳ 0.1-0.2 R⊙ and that the outer disk edges are ~0.3-0.6 R⊙. This model naturally explains the accretion rates and lifetimes of the detected WD disks and the accretion rates inferred from photospheric metal abundances.
DDA error analysis using sampled data techniques

Sampled data techniques were first applied to digital operations by Linvill and Saltzer in order to study the errors resulting from the use of numerical integration techniques. The purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding for the mechanics of errors in the digital differential analyzer and to evolve a conceptually simple error theory. This is accomplished by establishing some of the basic comcepts regarding the applications of sampled data techniques to the integration process; developing the matrix model for the solution of a system of linear differential equations with constant coefficients on a digital differential analyzer and then using the W-transform to finalize the error theory. It is then easily shown that simple adjustments to the coefficient matrix of linear differential equations with constant coefficients will allow one to obtain solutions to these equations the accuracy of which is limited only by round-off errors.
Sensitivity algorithms for an inverse design problem involving a shock wave

A model inverse design problem is used to investigate the effect of flow discontinuities on the optimization process. The optimization involves finding the cross-sectional area distribution of a duct that produces velocities which closely match a targeted velocity distribution. Quasi-one-dimensional flow theory is used, and the target is chosen to have a shock wave in its distribution. The objective function which quantifies the difference between the targeted and calculated velocity distributions may become non-smooth due to the presence of the shock in the discretized flow field. This paper offers two techniques to resolve the resulting problems for the optimization algorithms. The first, shock fitting, involves careful integration of the objective function through the shock wave. The second, coordinate straining with shock penalty, uses a coordinate transformation to align the calculated shock with the target and then adds a penalty proportional to the square of the distance between the shocks. These t...
Standard enthalpies of formation of some carbides, silicides, germanides and borides of holmium by high temperature direct synthesis calorimetry

Abstract The standard enthalpies of formation of some samarium alloys in the binary systems SmX (where X = C, Si, Ge, Sn) have been determined by direct synthesis calorimetry at 1273±2 K. The following values of ΔH ° 1 (kJ mol −1 of atoms) are reported; SmC 2 = −25.7 ± 1.1; SmSi = −79.7 ± 2.9; SmSi 2 = −66.3 ± 1.6; Sm 5 Si 3 = −67.1 ± 2.5; Sm 5 Ge 3 = −90.8 ± 2.0; Sm 5 Sn 3 = − 77.9 ± 2.0. In addition to the Sm alloys, the enthalpies of formation of some non-congruently melting rare earth silicides of earlier lanthanide elements have also been determined to complete our systematic survey. The following values of ΔH ° f (kJ mol −1 of atoms) are reported: LaSi = −73.9 ± 2.7; La 5 Si 3 = −60.1 ± 2.6; La 3 Si 2 = −61.6 ± 1.6; Ce 5 Si 3 = −52.8 ± 0.6; Pr 5 Si 3 = −67.6 ± 2.1; Nd 5 Si 3 = −62.3 ± 1.9. These values were measured at 1473 K. The results are compared with some earlier experimental data, with available calorimetric values for the corresponding compounds of other lanthanide elements, and with predicted values from the semi-empirical model of Miedema and coworkers. We will also test the possible correlation between the enthalpies of formation and the changes in the relative volumes of the compounds as suggested by Gschneidner.
The effects of implementation delay on decision-making under uncertainty

In this paper, we accomplish two objectives: First, we provide a new mathematical characterization of the value function for impulse control problems with implementation delay and present a direct solution method that differs from its counterparts that use quasi-variational inequalities. Our method is direct, in the sense that we do not have to guess the form of the solution and we do not have to prove that the conjectured solution satisfies conditions of a verification lemma. Second, by employing this direct solution method, we solve two examples that involve decision delays: an exchange rate intervention problem and a problem of labor force optimization.
Time-differential quadrupole interaction of $sup 111$Cd nuclei implanted by ($alpha$,2n) reactions into a cubic Ag lattice

The quadrupole interaction of $^{111}\mathrm{Cd}$ ions following the decay of $^{111}\mathrm{In}$ implanted by ($\ensuremath{\alpha},2n$) reactions into a cubic (fcc) Ag lattice has been measured with the time-differential perturbed-angular-correlation method. A nonvanishing quadrupole interaction corresponding to a distribution of electric field gradients was observed. The "smeared out" quadrupole interaction frequency has a centroid $\overline{\ensuremath{\omega}}$ from 2.04 to 1.50 MHz depending on the temperature and the time the irradiated Ag was allowed to "heal." In addition, about 3% of the $^{111}\mathrm{In}$-$^{111}\mathrm{Cd}$ ions experience a quadrupole interaction with a sharp frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{Q}=157\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2$ MHz. The temperature dependence of the healing process was investigated. At room temperature no further healing occurs after 6 days once the $\overline{\ensuremath{\omega}}=1.50$ MHz was reached. Annealing for 12 hours at 600\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C causes the quadrupole interaction to vanish conpletely. Various quadrupole-perturbation and "healing" mechanisms are discussed. The most likely cause of the quadrupole perturbation in the cubic Ag lattice are vacancies and/or Ag interstitials.
Halo Coronal Mass Ejections and Configuration of the Ambient Magnetic Fields

In this study, we seek a correlation between the speed of active region-related halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and the configuration of the ambient magnetic fields. Having studied 99 halo CMEs in the period from 2000 to 2004, we find that CMEs under the heliospheric current sheet are significantly slower than CMEs situated under unidirectional open field structures. The average speed of the former is 883 km s-1, while the latter is 1388 km s-1. The effect is not biased by the flare importance. This implies that the ambient magnetic field structure plays a role in determining the speed of the halo CMEs.
Remarks on the intersection of filters

Abstract We will show that the existence of an uncountable family of nonmeager filters whose intersection is meager is consistent with MA(Suslin).
Temperature dependence of pair correlations in nuclei in the iron region

Abstract We use the shell-model Monte Carlo approach to study thermal properties and pair correlations in 54,56,58 Fe and in 56 Cr. The calculations are performed with the modified Kuo-Brown interaction in the complete 1 p 0 f model space. We find generally that the proton-proton and neutron-neutron J = 0 pairing correlations, which dominate the ground-state properties of even-even nuclei, vanish at temperatures around 1 MeV. This pairing phase transition is accompanied by a rapid increase in the moment of inertia and a partial unquenching of the M1 strength. We find that the M1 strength totally unquenches at higher temperatures, related to the vanishing of isoscalar proton-neutron correlations, which persist to higher temperatures than the pairing between like nucleons. The Gamow-Teller strength is also correlated to the isoscalar proton-neutron pairing and hence also unquenches at a temperature larger than that of the pairing phase transition.
Desulfurization of Transportation Fuels with Zeolites Under Ambient Conditions

Deep desulfurization of transportation fuels (gasoline, diesel, and jet fuels) is being mandated by U.S. and foreign governments and is also needed for future fuel cell applications. However, it is extremely difficult and costly to achieve with current technology, which requires catalytic reactors operated at high pressure and temperature. We show that Cu+ and Ag+ zeolite Y can adsorb sulfur compounds from commercial fuels selectively and with high sulfur capacities (by π complexation) at ambient temperature and pressure. Thus, the sulfur content was reduced from 430 to
Bayesian Estimation of Crack Initiation Times from Service Data

Lockheed C-130 Hercules aircraft have during their service life been periodically inspected and growing cracks around rivet holes were recorded. This record has recently been used to determine the statistical distributions of crack initiation times and the distribution of initial crack sizes. When crack initiation times are calculated from such cracks, by backward extrapolation of the growth relation, the resulting distribution of crack initiation times will indicate a preponderance of short times to crack initiation. If however, such distributions are combined with the reliability of the inspection procedure, the statistical distribution of missed initiation times can be estimated. The method used is based on Bayes theorem which permits the calculation of the 'prior' distribution (initiation times before inspection) from a knowledge of the 'posterior' distribution (initiation times obtained from the inspection) and a 'likelihood function' (reliability of the inspection) procedure. The results indicate that during an early inspection a large percentage of initiation times will be missed and that the fraction of located initiation times increases during later inspections.
Hysteresis Behavior and Modeling of Piezoceramic Actuators

A new theory is developed to model the hysteresis relation between polarization and electric field of piezoceramics. An explicit formulation governing the hysteresis is obtained by using saturation polarization, remnant polarization, and coercive electric field. A new form of elastic Gibbs energy is proposed to address the coupling relations between electrical field and mechanical field. The nonlinear constitutive relations are derived from the elastic Gibbs energy and are applicable in the case of high stroke actuation, The hysteresis relations obtained using the current model are correlated with experimental results. The static deflection of a cantilever beam with surface-bonded piezoelectric actuators is analyzed by implementing the current constitutive relations. Numerical results reveal that hysteresis is an important issue in the application of piezoceramics.
Impact of the EU Biofuels Directive on the EU food supply chain

This article analyses the impact of the EU Biofuels Directive (BFD) on the EU agri-food supply chain using a computable general equilibrium model of the world economy, LEITAP. LEITAP is an extended version of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model including improved land market modeling, substitution possibilities between capital and energy, different energy sources including biofuels, feed byproducts of biofuel production and the substitution between different feed components and feed byproducts. The simulation results show that the implementation of the EU BFD has a pronounced impact on the markets of cereals, oilseeds and sugar and shows only with a limited impact on production and consumption of other agri-food commodities not directly affected by biofuel production. As a direct effect of the BFD the harvested area and production of biofuel crops (grains, oilseeds) is expected to increase by 17% and 25%, respectively, and sugar production by 12%. EU imports of these commodities are expected to...
The emergence of localized gravity

Abstract We explore physics on the boundary of a Randall–Sundrum type model when the brane tension is slightly subcritical. We calculate the masses of the Kaluza–Klein decomposition of the graviton and use a toy model to show how localized gravity emerges as the brane tension becomes critical. Finally, we discuss some aspects of the boundary conformal field theory and the AdS/CFT correspondence.
The Year in Economics at the FCC: A National Plan for Broadband

The past year in economics at the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has focused on encouraging the adoption and deployment of high capacity Internet access and the associated networks, commonly termed “broadband.” Our article sketches important economic themes in the FCC’s National Broadband Plan to show how the application of basic principles of regulatory economics takes account of rapid technological change. We discuss natural monopoly regulation, externalities and cross-subsidies, network effects and interconnection, the allocation of scarce inputs, protecting and fostering competitive markets, and consumer protection and transparency as they apply to the development of broadband.
Transition-metal impurities in CoGa

Self-consistent embedded cluster models are developed to describe the electronic structure of CoGa, and of isolated transition-metal impurities (Ti, V, Cr) in CoGa. First-principles local-density theory is used in a variational linear combination of atomic orbitals framework to obtain effective charge and spin configurations of host and impurity atoms. 9, 15, and 27 atom clusters are considered; charge configurations are somewhat sensitive to cluster size, and spurious spin polarization of peripheral Co atoms is observed in the smaller clusters. The large-cluster results are consistent with experimental interpretations.
Arylchlorogermanes/TBAF/“Moist” Toluene: A Promising Combination for Pd-Catalyzed Germyl-Stille Cross-Coupling

The trichlorophenyl,- dichlorodiphenyl,- and chlorotriphenylgermanes undergo Pd-catalyzed cross-couplings with aryl bromides and iodides in the presence of TBAF in toluene with addition of the measured amount of water. One chloride ligand on the Ge center allows efficient activation by fluoride to promote transfer of one, two, or three phenyl groups from the organogermane precursors.
The discount window and credit availability

Abstract This paper models the impact of the discount window on decisions of individual banks facing regulatory capital requirements and stochastic deposit supply. A central result is that banks may choose a larger lending capacity if the discount window is available than if it is not. Moreover, if the cost of capital is higher during recessions, banks may then avoid the window, contributing to the downturn. A discontinuous interaction emerges between risk-based capital requirements and use of the discount window, with a more stringent capital requirement inducing some banks to hold less capital.
Porous Nickel Oxide/Nickel Films for Electrochemical Capacitors

Nano-sized NiO/Ni composite films have been found to perform as superior electrodes in electrochemical capacitor applications. These films can provide a specific capacitance of 50 to 64 F/g. The specific energy and specific power of these films were 25 to 40 kJ/kg and 4 to 17 kW/kg, respectively. These specific quantities are dependent on the microstructure of the films. Superior performance can be obtained from samples having rough surfaces and consisting of larger secondary particles (ca. 100 to 120 nm in diam).
Millimeter-Wave Measurements of Vibrationally Excited States of the HCN Isotopomers H13C14N, H12C15N, H13C15N, D12C14N, D13C14N, D12C15N, and D13C15N

Abstract In this paper we report new measurements on the Δ J = 1 transitions of seven isotopomers of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in most of the vibrational states below 2000 cm −1 . These states are v 1 v l 2 v 3 = 00 0 0, 01 1 0, 02 0,2 0, 03 1,3 0, and 00 0 1 (ν 2 represents the bending and ν 3 the C N stretching mode). All measurements were made in the millimeter-wave region of the spectrum between 138 and 483 GHz. For 14 N-containing species nuclear hyperfine splitting was observed and analyzed by contour fitting. The determined transition frequencies were analyzed to evaluate the rotational molecular constants. Nuclear quadrupole coupling constants, ( eQq ) N , for 14 N-containing species and rotational constants (effective constants as well as unperturbed constants resulting from l -type resonance analysis) for all the seven considered species and all measured transition frequencies are given in this paper.
All-Digital Self-Interference Cancellation Technique for Full-Duplex Systems

Full-duplex systems are expected to double the spectral efficiency compared to conventional half-duplex systems if the self-interference signal can be significantly mitigated. Digital cancellation is one of the lowest complexity self-interference cancellation techniques in full-duplex systems. However, its mitigation capability is very limited, mainly due to transmitter and receiver circuit's impairments (e.g., phase noise, nonlinear distortion, and quantization noise). In this paper, we propose a novel digital self-interference cancellation technique for full-duplex systems. The proposed technique is shown to significantly mitigate the self-interference signal as well as the associated transmitter and receiver impairments, more specifically, transceiver nonlinearities and phase noise. In the proposed technique, an auxiliary receiver chain is used to obtain a digital-domain copy of the transmitted Radio Frequency (RF) self-interference signal. The self-interference copy is then used in the digital-domain to cancel out both the self-interference signal and the associated transmitter impairments. Furthermore, to alleviate the receiver phase noise effect, a common oscillator is shared between the auxiliary and ordinary receiver chains. A thorough analytical and numerical analysis for the effect of the transmitter and receiver impairments on the cancellation capability of the proposed technique is presented. Finally, the overall performance is numerically investigated showing that using the proposed technique, the self-interference signal could be mitigated to $\sim$ 3 dB higher than the receiver noise floor, which results in up to 76% rate improvement compared to conventional half-duplex systems at 20 dBm transmit power values.
On the Numerical Treatment of Moving Bottlenecks

Abstract This paper shows how moving obstructions in (kinematic wave) traffic streams can be modeled with “off-the shelf” computer programs. It shows that if a moving obstruction is replaced by a sequence of fixed obstructions at nearby locations with the same “capacity”, then the error in vehicle number converges uniformly to zero as the maximum separation between the moving and fixed bottlenecks is reduced. This result implies that average flows, densities, accumulations and delays can be predicted as accurately as desired with this method. Thus, any convergent finite difference scheme can be used to model moving bottlenecks. The approach can be used with non-concave fundamental diagrams and multiple bottlenecks, even if they pass each other. Examples are given. It is assumed that the bottleneck trajectories are exogenous to the model. However, by introducing suitable car-following laws and interaction rules, slow trucks and busses embedded in the traffic stream can be modeled endogenously.
A note about information science research

This note deals with the relationship between information science research and practice. The impression that the field is moribund and that the research output is uniformly inferior is not supported by an examination of the information retrieval literature.
Tests of Additive Derivative Constraints

This paper proposes nonparametric tests of additive constraints on the first and second derivatives of a model E (y I x) = g(x), where the true function g is unknown. Such constraints are illustrated by the economic restrittions of homogeneity and symmetry, and the functional form restrictions of additivity and linearity. The proposed tests are based on estimates of regression coefficients, that statistically characterize the departures from the constraint exhibited by the data. The coefficients are based on weighted-average derivatives, that are reformulated in terms of derivatives of the density of x. Coefficient estimators are proposed that use nonparametric kernel estimators of the density and its derivatives. These statistics are shown to be v,IN consistent and asymptotically normal, and thus are comparable to estimators based on a (correctly specified) parametric model of g(x). Derivative constraints play an important role in the empirical study of economic behaviour. One source of derivative constraints is the standard implications of economic theory for marginal responses. For instance, economic theory implies that production costs are first-degree homogeneous in input prices and that demand functions are zero-degree homogeneous in prices and income. These are restrictions on the derivatives of cost and demand functions respectively. The symmetry conditions of optimization provide other examples; for instance, cost minimization implies equality constraints on the derivatives of input quantities with respect to input prices. Derivative constraints also arise from restrictions used to simplify econometric models. These include constant returns-to-scale restrictions on production functions and exclusion restrictions on demand or production systems. Such restrictions are valuable for increasing precision in estimation or facilitating applications of econometric models. Associated with the use of derivative constraints is the necessity of testing their statistical validity. Rejection of a constraint representing a basic implication of economic theory suggests either a revision of model specification, or a reconsideration of the applicability of the theory to the empirical problem at hand. The use of restrictions to simplify empirical models is justified only when the restrictions are not in conflict with the data evidence.