cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Horse signals: The sounds and scents of fury

During contests animals typically exchange information about fighting ability. Among feral horses these signals involve olfactory or acoustical elements and each type can effectively terminate contests before physical contact becomes necessary. Dung transplant experiments show that for stallions, irrespective of rank, olfactory signals such as dung sniffing encode information about familiarity suggesting that such signals can be used as signatures. As such they can provide indirect information about fighting ability as long as opponents associate identity with past performance. Play-back experiments, however, show that vocalizations, such as squeals, directly provide information about status regardless of stallion familiarity. Sonographs reveal that squeals of dominants are longer than those of subordinates and that only those of dominants have at their onset high-frequency components.
A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Formation of Interstellar C3H Isomers

The reaction of ground-state carbon atoms with acetylene was studied under single-collision conditions in crossed beam experiments to investigate the chemical dynamics of forming cyclic and linear C3H isomers (c-C3H and l-C3H, respectively) in interstellar environments via an atom-neutral reaction. Combined state-of-the-art ab initio calculations and experimental identification of the carbon-hydrogen exchange channel to both isomers classify this reaction as an important alternative to ion-molecule encounters to synthesize C3H radicals in the interstellar medium. These findings strongly correlate with astronomical observations and explain a higher [c-C3H]/[l-C3H] ratio in the dark cloud TMC-1 than in the carbon star IRC+10216.
The relationship between personality traits and coachability in NCAA Divisions I and II female softball athletes.

Coaches at all levels desire coachable athletes whose personalities are a good fit for their teams. Coachability is a complex construct that is not well understood in the sport science literature, but appears to be demonstrated through several behaviors. Costa and McCrae's Five Factor Model framework proposes that personality traits are inherent and predispose a person to behave in relatively stable ways. This study used survey methodology to investigate relationships between head college coaches' (n = 36) perceptions of coachability and 12 personality traits from the Agreeableness and Emotional Stability domains in NCAA Divisions I (n = 94) and II (n = 96) female softball athletes. Results indicated that coaches might glean the most useful insights regarding how coachable a female athlete might be by learning more about her personality in three specific areas: Anger, Immoderation, and Cooperation.
Antiferroelectricity and ferroelectricity in epitaxially strained PbZrO 3 from first principles

Density-functional calculations are performed to study the effect of epitaxial strain on PbZrO${}_{3}$. We find a remarkably small energy difference between the epitaxially strained polar $R3c$ and nonpolar Pbam structures over the full range of experimentally accessible epitaxial strains $\ensuremath{-}3%\ensuremath{\leqslant}\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\leqslant}4%$. While ferroelectricity is favored for all compressive strains, for tensile strains the small energy difference between the nonpolar ground state and the alternative polar phase yields a robust antiferroelectric ground state. The coexistence of ferroelectricity and antiferroelectricity observed in thin films is attributed to a combination of strain and depolarization field effects.
PL-I of Spisula solidissima, a highly elongated sperm-specific histone H1.

The major chromosomal protein of the mature sperm of the surf clam, Spisula solidissima ,i s a histone H1-related protamine-like (PL-I) protein of low electrophoretic mobility. We report here the complete sequence of two isoforms of its encoding genes. These genes encode a protein of 453 and 454 amino acids, respectively. The predicted mass of the larger isoforms (51 437 Da) was confirmed using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The amino-terminal tail of the S. solidissima PL-I is greatly elongated because of the presence of 39 tandem hexapeptide repeats of the motif (K/R)KRSAS with a few semiconservative amino acid substitutions. These repeats are very closely mirrored by their encoding DNA sequence, which indicates that an expansion because of sequence duplication most likely occurred. The C-terminal domain consists of a histone H1-related core with a predicted winged-helix tertiary structure, which is followed by an unstructured lysine-rich tail. This information provides additional molecular support for the classification and underlying evolution of sperm nuclear basic proteins in bivalve molluscs.
Automotive electronics II: The microprocessor is in: This tiny IC will satisfy the government's requirements for energy and pollution control as well as the consumer's preference for luxury

For pt.I see ibid., vol.14, no.11, p.34-5 (1977). The paper considers how best the pollution demands can be met using microprocessor and at the same time appeal to the consumer.
Adolescence: a central event in shaping stress reactivity.

The magnitude and duration of the hormonal stress response change dramatically throughout an organism's lifespan. Although much is known about the factors that modulate stress reactivity during adulthood and how neonatal development and aging influence stress responsiveness, we know relatively little about how stress reactivity changes during the juvenile to adult transition. Recent studies in adolescent boys and girls have suggested that stress is an important factor contributing to an individual's vulnerability to various neuropsychological dysfunctions, including anxiety, depression, and drug abuse. Thus, understanding how exposure to stressors during this crucial period of development lead to negative consequences is of paramount importance. A growing body of literature indicates that pubertal organisms react differentially, both physiologically and behaviorally, to a stressor compared to adults. The purpose of this review, therefore, is to discuss the recent findings regarding the pubertal maturation of stress reactivity, while also highlighting future research directions that will aid in our understanding of stress and adolescent mental health and development. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 244–253, 2010
Variable twist torsion tests on carbon fibre composite beams

A detailed experimental programme of work is presented which examines the constrained torsional response of carbon fibre composite beams for the cantilevered configuration with torque applied at the free end. The behaviour of open-section beams and that of single-cell closed-section box beams is reported and discussed and the experimental findings are shown to corroborate simple engineering theoretical approaches. Tests have been carried out on zed and angle-section beams and thus the effects of primary and secondary warping restraint respectively on the torsional response of open-section beams are examined. The behaviour of zed-section beams is governed, in the main, by primary effects and that of angle-section beams is associated solely with secondary effects. The stress distributions along the beams and around the cross-sections are determined from the measured strains during test obtained from surface bonded strain gauges and comparison of these with theory is shown to be in good agreement. The essential differences in response to constrained torsion between open and closed-section beams are detailed in the paper and the importance of experimental tests in the analysis of composite structures is highlighted.
The stapl Parallel Graph Library

This paper describes the stapl Parallel Graph Library, a high-level framework that abstracts the user from data-distribution and parallelism details and allows them to concentrate on parallel graph algorithm development. It includes a customizable distributed graph container and a collection of commonly used parallel graph algorithms. The library introduces pGraph pViews that separate algorithm design from the container implementation. It supports three graph processing algorithmic paradigms, level-synchronous, asynchronous and coarse-grained, and provides common graph algorithms based on them. Experimental results demonstrate improved scalability in performance and data size over existing graph libraries on more than 16,000 cores and on internet-scale graphs containing over 16 billion vertices and 250 billion edges.
Poster: Risk prediction for post-operative adverse outcomes in colorectal cancer surgery

We analyze the ACS NSQIP data for developing accurate risk prediction models for post-operative adverse outcomes in colorectal cancer surgery using data mining techniques. Preliminary experimentation reveals interesting and promising findings.
BACTERIAL REPRESSIVE ACTION OF MEAT STARTER CULTURE IN PASTEURIZED LIQUID WHOLE EGG

Pediococcus cerevisiae inoculated in pasteurized liquid whole egg (PLWE) (3°C, pH 7.4) had a larger repressive action than Lactobacillus plantarum toward Pseudomonas fluorescens (2.8 and 1.6 log cycles respectively) but both had the same repressive action against1 Pseudomonas fragi and Pseudomonas putrefaciens. The 50:50 mixture of the starter cultures had a repressive action similar to the, pediococci against P. fluorescens but was more effective against P. putrefuciens than against P fragi (2.5 and 1.6 log cycles respectively). At pH 6.8 both starter cultures and their mixture had a, larger repressive action toward the three species of Pseudomonas. Salmonella typhimurium at 11°C, pH 7.4 was not repressed by the starter cultures. At pH 6.8 the repressive action of only the pediococci and the mixture increased (1.0–2.0 log cycles). A further decrease of the pH of the PLWE to 6.2 did not change the repressive action of the starter cultures against the pathogen.
The Varieties of Self-Interest

In this paper, I want to explore the relationship between the various forms of individual self-interest and the appropriate structures of government. I shall begin with the former, and by degrees extend the analysis to the latter. I do so in order to mount a defense of principles of limited government, private property, and individual liberty. The ordinary analysis of self-interest treats it as though it were not only a given but also a constant of human nature, and thus makes few allowances for differences between persons. Yet common experience tells us that personality and behavior are as unique as fingerprints. The positive inquiry, therefore, is how we find what is constant about self-interest in a world of natural human diversity. The normative inquiry must take into account both the constant and variable features of human nature in order to determine what forms of social arrangements hold the greatest prospect of long-term social advantage. The gulf between ‘is’ and ‘ought’ must be overcome here, as it must be in all normative discourse. Yet we cannot make sensible judgments of what ought to be the case in the domain of rules unless we first have some idea of what is the case in the domain of behavior. The initial inquiry asks why self-interest (to be suitably qualified to take into account inclusive fitness) is regarded as a constant of human behavior. The explanation derives more from the biological and less from the social. The powerful pressures of natural selection weed out any organisms for whom (genetic) selfinterest is not the paramount consideration.
Resource utilization related to atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting.

• BACKGROUND Studies of resource utilization by patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting have addressed only length of stay and bed charges. • OBJECTIVE To compare resource utilization between patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation and patients without atrial fibrillation after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. • METHODS Retrospective review of clinical and administrative electronic databases for 720 subjects who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass in 25 months at one medical center. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation was determined, and resource utilization in various hospital cost centers was compared between subjects with and without atrial fibrillation. • RESULTS The prevalence of new-onset atrial fibrillation was 33.1%. Compared with subjects without atrial fibrillation, subjects with atrial fibrillation had a longer stay (5.8 ± 2.4 vs 4.4 ± 1.2 days, P< .001), more days receiving mechanical ventilation (P = .002) and oxygen therapy (P< .001), and higher rates of readmission to the intensive care unit (4.6% vs 0.2%, P< .001). Subjects with atrial fibrillation also had more laboratory tests (P< .001) and more days receiving cardiac drugs, heparin, diuretics, and electrolytes. Subjects with atrial fibrillation had higher total postoperative charges ($57 261 ± $17 101 vs $50 905 ± $10 062, P = .001), a mean difference of $6356. The mean differences were greatest for bed charges ($1642), laboratory charges ($1215), pharmacy ($989), and respiratory care ($582). • CONCLUSION The economic impact of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting has been underestimated. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2002;11:228-238)
Management of Infections in Leukemia and Lymphoma

Much of the useful clinical information—as well as persisting controversies surrounding the management of infectious problems in the immunocompromised host—has come from studies of patients with leukemias and lymphomas. That these diseases should be the object of great interest is not difficult to fathom: they are rapidly or ultimately fatal if untreated, the magnitude of treatment with cytotoxic and immunosuppressive agents has few parallels in the therapy of any human illness (probably exceeded only by bone marrow transplantation, which is most often employed for leukemia), and the infectious problems are acute, life threatening, and sometimes highly unusual. Infectious problems developing in other types of immunocompromised patients often result from utilization of the same medications and therapeutic strategies initially attempted in patients with hematologic malignancies.
Dispersal of Released Irradiated Laboratory-Reared Screw-Worm Flies

Dispersive activity in native populations of screw-worm flies, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) is most evident in the northward extension of the distribution of this species in the spring from subtropical overwintering areas (Parman and Barrett 1941). The ability to disperse rapidly also enables relatively small populations of flies restricted to small areas by hot, dry weather to quickly reinfest broad areas upon the return of favorable conditions for survival (Deonier 1946). Barrett (1937) concluded that screw-worm flies moved northward beyond overwintering areas at the rate of about 35 miles/week.
Infected Erythrocyte Binding to Hyaluronic Acid and Malaria in Pregnant Women

In areas of intense malaria transmission individuals can receive hundreds or thousands of infective bites from mosquitoes. Not all infections cause severe disease but disease severity is increased when infected erythrocytes (IEs) bind host endothelium and sequester in specific microvasculature such as the brain and placenta. Protective immunity to severe disease develops during the first years of life and thus malaria is primarily a childhood disease. Pregnant women are an exception and are susceptible to Plasmodium falciparum infections particularly during first pregnancies (primigravidas). The clinical manifestations of malaria that occurs during pregnancy are influenced by malaria endemicity and the pregnant woman’s immune status. When the pregnant woman has low levels of malarial immunity both mother and fetus can experience severe disease and fatal outcome including severe maternal anemia and stillbirth or abortion. Women in high-transmission regions generally have greater preimmunity and less severe malarial complications but their fetuses are at greater risk for premature delivery and low birth weight which is an important risk factor for neonatal mortality. It has been estimated that 75000–200000 infant deaths each year are associated with malarial infection during pregnancy. (excerpt)
A Mechanical Model of the Human Heart Relating Septal Function to Myocardial Work and Energy

A thorough understanding of ventricular interaction and the effects of septal function on right and left ventricular performance in the human heart requires measurement of interventricular pressure gradients using high fidelity pressure transducers. The advent of newer echocardiographic techniques provides an opportunity to combine high resolution images with bi-ventricular catheterization data in the cardiac catheterization laboratory, and obtain the detailed hemodynamic and echocardiographic information necessary to more fully understand the clinical manifestations of normal and abnormal septal and free wall mechanical function. We have anticipated these developments and modified the description of heart mechanics in our integrated multi-scale model of the human cardio-respiratory system (H-CRS) to closely analyze how the mechanical properties of the inter-ventricular septum affect the work, energy utilization, and oxygen consumption of the atria, ventricles, septum, and each ventricular free wall. Combined with the H-CRS model, these modifications allow one to observe how tissue properties of the septum affect the entire heart and circulation. For example, the normal septum transfers energy from the left to the right ventricle, and assists the pre-load of both, acting as a third pump. Diseases that increase septal elastance cause abnormalities resembling left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), including a decrease in cardiac output and an increase in pulmonary pressures despite a normal left ventricular ejection fraction. Similar applications of the H-CRS model to other regional disorders such as hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and myocardial infarction might likewise allow one to study their clinical implications in greater detail.
Specification engineering and modular verification using a web-integrated verifying compiler

This demonstration will present the RESOLVE web-integrated environment, which has been especially built to capture component relationships and allow construction and composition of verified generic components. The environment facilitates team-based software development and has been used in undergraduate CS education at multiple institutions. The environment makes it easy to simulate “what if” scenarios, including the impact of alternative specification styles on verification, and has spawned much research and experimentation. The demonstration will illustrate the issues in generic software verification and the role of higher-order assertions. It will show how logical errors are pinpointed when verification fails. Introductory video URL: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9vg3WuxeOkA
Experimental Comparison of Bandwidth Estimation Tools for Wireless Mesh Networks

Measurement of available bandwidth in a network has always been a topic of great interest. This knowledge can be applied to a wide variety of applications and can be instrumental in providing Quality of Service to end users. Several probe-based tools have been proposed to measure available bandwidth in wired networks. However, the performance of these tools in the realm of wireless networks has not been evaluated extensively. In recent years, there has also been some work on estimating bandwidth in wireless networks via passively monitoring the channel and determining the 'busy' and 'idle' periods. However, such tech- niques have primarily been evaluated via simulations only. In this work, we perform an extensive experimental comparison study of both passive and active bandwidth estimation tools for 802.11-based wireless mesh networks. We investigate the impact of interference, packet loss, and 802.11 rate-adaptation, on the performance of these tools. Our results indicate that for wireless networks, a passive technique provides much greater accuracy than the probe-based tools.
Maximum power transfer between two planar apertures in the Fresnel zone

This paper is concerned with the problem of finding the illuminations on two planar antennas (directed toward each other) which maximize the efficiency of the power transfer between them. The two apertures are generally different and their separation, sizes, and shapes are arbitrary (with the exception of some symmetry requirements). It is shown that the optimal phase distributions are such that the two antennas are focused on each other. The optimal amplitude distributions are equal to the field patterns of the mode with minimum diffraction loss in two confocal resonator mirrors, whose separation, sizes, and shapes are equal to those of the apertures in question. For the particular case of rectangular antennas, the optimal amplitude distributions are given by Prolate Spheroidal Wave Functions. The Power Transfer Coefficient between two equal square apertures has been calculated for optimal and uniform (focused and unfocused) illuminations. For moderate to small separations the optimal illuminations yield a very significant increase of the efficiency of the power transfer.
The effect of lanatoside C on the circulatory and ventilatory changes of chronic rheumatic heart disease with mitral stenosis

Abstract 1. 1. Circulatory and ventilatory studies before and one hour after the administration of an effective intravenous dose of lanatoside C to six patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease and mitral stenosis were reported. 2. 2. Clinical improvement was noted in only three of the six patients. 3. 3. Lanatoside C consistently increased the work of the heart by increasing the right ventricular and peripheral arterial pressures and (except in one case) the rate of systemic blood flow. The reasons for the lack of an increase in the rate of systemic blood flow in one case were discussed. 4. 4. The increased work of the heart seen after lanatoside C in some patients who had neither frank signs of congestive failure nor a clear-cut clinical response to full digitalization was cited as evidence supporting the early use of digitalis in patients with mitral stenosis. 5. 5. In the presence of multiple valve lesions, a rise in the rate of systemic blood flow after digitalization was suggested as a necessary criterion in the selection of patients for mitral valvulotomy.
Fine-Grain SEU Mitigation for FPGAs Using Partial TMR

The mitigation of single-event upsets (SEUs) in field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) is an increasingly important subject as FPGAs are used in radiation environments such as space. Triple modular redundancy (TMR) is the most frequently used SEU mitigation technique but is very expensive in terms of area and power costs. These costs can be reduced by sacrificing some reliability and applying TMR to only part of the FPGA design. Our Partial TMR method focuses on the most critical sections of the design and increases reliability by applying TMR to continuous sections of the circuit. We introduce an automated software tool that uses the Partial TMR method to apply TMR incrementally until the specified percentage of resources are utilized. Thus the tool gives the maximum reliability gain for the specified area cost. The amount of mitigation applied can be chosen at a very fine level, giving the designer maximum flexibility when producing the final mitigated design.
Pervasiveness of phytoliths in prehistoric southwestern diet and implications for regional and temporal trends for dental microwear

Abstract Our previous analysis of phytolith content of coprolites showed that calcium oxalate phytoliths from desert food plants caused dental microwear among prehistoric Texas hunter-gatherers. We demonstrated that phytoliths from desert succulents were ubiquitous and abundant in hunter-gatherer coprolites. We found that calcium oxalate phytoliths were harder than human dental enamel. We concluded that phytoliths from desert succulent plants caused dental microwear and hypothesized that such dental microwear would be common in other desert hunter-gatherer and horticultural peoples. Presented here are further analyses of phytoliths from coprolites. Two additional hunter-gatherer sites and three Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi) horticultural sites are included in this study. Calcium oxalate phytoliths are ubiquitous in coprolites from hunter-gatherer sites in the Mojave Desert and the Colorado Plateau. For the three Ancestral Pueblo sites, calcium oxalate phytoliths from desert succulents (agave family and cactus family) are the most common types of phytoliths encountered. However, silica phytoliths are also present in Ancestral Pueblo coprolites. The data demonstrate that phytoliths from non-cultivated desert plants were a source of dental microwear for the pre-maize Archaic hunter-gatherer bands and maize-reliant Ancestral Pueblo villages.
IDMR Beamforming Under Direction-Independent Sterring Vector Mismatch

The output SINR achieved via Indirect Dominant Mode Rejection (IDMR) beamforming is substantially higher than the achieved with other beamforming algorithms. IDMR is based on a parametric estimate of the covariance matrix which is obtained using an estimate of the directions of the dominant sources and assuming that the array manifold is available. In most applications the array manifold is not known precisely and performance of IDMR can be deteriorated. The focus of this paper is to enable the IDMR beamformer to operate in a scenario of direction-independent steering vector mismatch. A modified version of an algorithm introduced by Friedlander is employed to estimate the direction-independent mismatch. Thereafter IDMR is implemented. Simulation analysis reveals that this technique enables IDMR to operate in a scenario of direction-independent manifold mismatch.
Insulin-like growth factor-II mediates the steroidogenic and growth promoting actions of follicle stimulating hormone on human ovarian pre-antral follicles cultured in vitro.

FSH is important for ovarian antral follicle growth and steroidogenesis, processes in the human that are believed to be mediated by IGF-II. The objective of this study was to determine if human ovarian pre-antral follicles are also FSH- and IGF-II-responsive, since the clinical questions and mechanisms underlying the effects on the pre-antral follicle pool of exogenously administered gonadotropins for fertility therapy and elevated endogenous gonadotropins in the perimenopause remain unanswered. Class 2 preantral follicles were isolated from human premenopausal ovaries (n= 6) and cultured in vitro with androstenedione and either no additives or with FSH or IGF-II. FSH (100 ng/mL) stimulated estradiol (E2) production by 3.58 ± 0.4 fold over 48 hr, compared to controls without FSH. This effect was completely inhibited in the presence of the IGF-II antagonist, IGF binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4). IGF-II also stimulated E2 production by preantral follicles with doses as low as 1 ng/mL and within 24 hr of treatmen...
From Patchell to Brown: An Evidence-Based Evolution of the Role of Radiotherapy on the Management of Brain Metastases.

About 1,658,370 new cancer cases are expected to be diagnosed in the United States in 2015, and 589,430 Americans are expected to die of cancer. Despite those dreadful numbers, the 5-year survival rate for all cancers diagnosed in 2004 2010 was 68%, up from 49% in 1975 1977. The steady improvement in survival seen throughout those past 4 decades can be attributed to a combination of early diagnosis and better treatment modalities. Brain metastases occur in 20% 40% of patients with systemic cancer and are the most common type of intracranial tumor, outnumbering primary tumors by 10 to 1. They are multifocal in more than 70% of cases. Notwithstanding the improvements in survival in stage IV (metastatic) patients as a whole, the occurrence of brain metastases is often considered a sign of uncontrolled or treatment resistant disease and carries a dismal prognosis. As a case in point, the median overall survival is 1 2 months with corticosteroids, which can be extended to 6 months with whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT). The treatment algorithm for brain metastases typically involves some combination of surgical resection, radiotherapy, radiosurgery, and corticosteroids. With few exceptions, systemic therapies like chemotherapy are usually not an effective first-line treatment modality. The utility of the surgical management of single brain metastases was described by Patchell et al. in 1990. In this small, double-arm, randomized, prospective trial, 48 patients were randomized to either surgical removal of the brain tumor followed by WBRT (surgical group) or needle biopsy and WBRT (radiation group). Same-site recurrence was less frequent in the surgical group (20% vs. 52%). More importantly, the overall survival was significantly longer in the surgical group (median 40 weeks vs. 15 weeks in the radiation group) and those patients remained functionally independent longer (38 weeks vs. 8 weeks in the radiation group). When death from systemic causes was used as the survival end point, the differences between the surgical and radiation groups were not statistically significant. Twenty-five years after its publication, the first Patchell et al. randomized study remains one of the most cited articles on the theme, with more than 2100 indexed citations. Because most cases of brain metastases are multifocal, surgical resection is limited to only 10% 20% of the patients. In situations where surgical resection is not indicated or of limited benefit, WBRT has historically been the mainstay of treatment. The decision to use WBRT revolves around its impact on 3 interrelated components: 1) overall survival, 2) intracranial control, and 3) neurocognitive sequelae. While a large volume of retrospective reports support the effectiveness of WBRT on the management of brain metastases, there are no high-level
Reliability testing and test structure design in an age of increasing variability

Two challenges of semiconductor device scaling are: 1) process complexity increases with each generation 2) variability increases with device scaling. The impact of 1) is clear to anyone involved in early process development, when apparently trivial changes in process for high-kmetal gate stacks can lead to significant changes in such reliability characteristics as BTI time slope, magnitude, and recovery, all often treated as universals in reliability literature. Almost by definition 2) could be considered most challenging in reliability relative to other areas of semiconductor engineering because in practice semiconductor reliability is the study of spatially and temporally rare events often involving one or several atoms. The two challenges are intimately linked because when advanced process node features such as stress liners, stress memorization and raised source/drains play a role in device performance, the channellength/width become only one piece of the layout induced variability. These challenges drive the need for faster reliability measurements done in higher volume. Testing can be done on individual devices with several SMUs, through simplified decoder structures with thousands of devices, to full product level using very expensive APGs. We discuss some of the engineering and (necessarily) economic choices that drive the techniques and structures used for electrical measurements made at each of these levels.
Graphical Method for Choosing Optimized Conditions Given a Pump Pressure and a Particle Diameter in Liquid Chromatography

The general limitations on liquid chromatographic performance in isocratic and gradient elution are now well understood. Many workers have contributed to this understanding and to developing graphical methods, or plots, to illustrate the capabilities of chromatographic systems over a wide range of values of operational parameters. These have been invaluable in getting a picture, in broad strokes, about the value of changing an operational parameter or the value of one separation approach over another. Here we present a plotting approach more appropriate for determining how to use chromatography most efficiently in one’s own laboratory. The axes are linear: column length vertical and mobile phase velocity horizontal. In this coordinate system, straight lines with intercept zero correspond to different values of t0. Hyperbolas correspond to values of pressure as the product of length and velocity is proportional to pressure. For a given relationship between theoretical plate height and velocity (e.g., van D...
Culture and comparative media research: Narratives about Internet privacy policy in Chinese, U.S., and UK newspapers

ABSTRACTThis article compares American, British, and Chinese news coverage of Internet privacy policies. Specifically, we examine media discourse about the “real-name” policies established by Facebook and Weibo. We find that U.S. and UK news coverage of Internet privacy policy is broadly similar, when compared with the more authoritarian–corporatist media system in China. British and U.S. newspapers were much more independent from state control, and were able to maintain a more critical stance than the Chinese newspapers. But there were additional factors that shaped the patterns in news discourse in complicated ways, which are related to (a) the difference between domestic and international news genres, (b) specific narratives about national identity, and (c) more general discourses about civil society, democracy, and the public good. We suggest that the range of comparative media research can be extended by paying attention to how these cultural factors interact with media system dynamics.
Brief cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia delivered to depressed veterans receiving primary care services: A pilot study.

Abstract Background Depression and insomnia are treatable, often co-occur and are common among primary care patients. Treatments designed for primary care must be brief, effective and ideally have the potential to address multiple symptoms. A brief form of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) was piloted among depressed primary care patients with insomnia some of whom endorsed suicidal ideation. Methods Veterans Affairs primary care patients were randomized to either CBT-I or sleep hygiene. CBT-I consisted of two, 20–40 min in-person sessions and two 15–20 min telephone sessions; SH consisted of one in-person and one telephone session. Participants were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and a 3 month follow-up. Results Compared to SH ( n =14), brief CBT-I ( n =13) had large effects on insomnia severity, sleep efficiency, number of awakenings, and time awake after sleep onset with between group effect sizes ranging from .75 to 1.09 at post-treatment and .66–.89 at follow-up, though significance was not maintained at follow-up. Although both groups experienced significant reductions in depression severity, statistically significant group by time interactions were not observed for depression. Limitations Notable limitations include the small sample size, having excluded patients with the most severe suicide risk, and the absence of objective testing to detect presence of sleep disorders other than insomnia. Conclusions The effects observed for insomnia outcomes, corroborate support for using CBT-I in depressed patients and extend this support to a brief from of CBT-I structured for delivery in primary care. Whether a brief form of CBT-I delivered to patients in primary care who endorse suicidal ideation would have a significant effect on depressive symptoms and/or suicidal ideation remains to be tested in a fully powered trial.
Systems of (non-)diversity

Intrinsic to the social, educational and behavioural sciences is the aim of addressing patterned variation in human thought and action across settings. Surprisingly, however, empirical work in these sciences continues to be limited by a lack of diversity in study populations, research methodology and the researchers themselves. This Perspective analyses these dimensions of diversity as they are situated in and affected by the larger organizational systems for publication, grants and academic advancement. This complex system appears to operate in a mutually reinforcing manner to discourage diversity. Our analysis suggests that diversity goals central to our sciences will require systems-level action rather than a focus on any one component in isolation. Lack of diversity in study populations, research methodologies and the researchers themselves undermines the goal of identifying and understanding the full range of human behaviour. Medin et al. argue that this system of non-diversity represents a crisis for the science of human behaviour.
Susceptibility of Cold-Climate Wine Grape Cultivars to Downy Mildew, Powdery Mildew, and Black Rot

Lack of knowledge regarding the susceptibility of cold-climate hybrid wine grape cultivars may be leading to the overuse of fungicides and underutilization of plant host resistance to combat disease in the northern United States. To provide new insights on diseases of cold-climate cultivars and to update management recommendations, disease was evaluated in three vineyards containing eight cultivars that were not sprayed with fungicides in 2015 and 2016. Disease severity or incidence of downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola), powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator), and black rot (Guignardia bidwellii) were measured from bud break until 2 weeks after harvest. Cold-climate cultivars ranged widely in susceptibility to different diseases and, although several cultivars were relatively resistant to two diseases, no cultivar was highly resistant to all three diseases. Additionally, a difference between foliar and fruit susceptibility for all three diseases was noted in several cultivars. These data provide a foundation for developing low-spray and certified organic disease management strategies for cold-climate wine grape cultivars based on susceptibility to disease.
High performance spiro ammonium electrolyte for Electric Double Layer Capacitors

Abstract The smallest spiro ammonium salt reported to date, 1 M 4-Axoniaspiro[3,4]octane tetrafluoroborate (APBF4), was successfully synthesized and investigated as the electrolyte with acetonitrile (AN) in an Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) for the first time. The electrochemical characteristics of EDLC devices containing 1 M APBF4/AN paired with commercial activated carbon electrodes were compared to devices containing popular EDLC electrolytes, 1 M 5-Azoniaspiro[4.4]nonane tetrafluoroborate (SBPBF4/AN) and 1 M tetraethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEABF4/AN), using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The average gravimetric capacitance of the 1 M APBF4 device (124.7 F g−1) was found to be greater than the values measured for both the 1 M SBPBF4 device (108.6 F g−1) and the 1 M TEABF4 device (99.2 F g−1). The direct current equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the 1 M APBF4 device (383.4 mΩ cm−2) was found to be substantially lower than the values measured for both the 1 M SBPBF4 device (501.0 mΩ cm−2) and the 1 M TEABF4 device (710.8 mΩ cm−2). These results demonstrate that APBF4, when compared to current commercial electrolytes, significantly enhances the energy storage properties of EDLC devices.
Joint Learning of Speech-Driven Facial Motion with Bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory

The face conveys a blend of verbal and nonverbal information playing an important role in daily interaction. While speech articulation mostly affects the orofacial areas, emotional behaviors are externalized across the entire face. Considering the relation between verbal and nonverbal behaviors is important to create naturalistic facial movements for conversational agents (CAs). Furthermore, facial muscles connect areas across the face, creating principled relationships and dependencies between the movements that have to be taken into account. These relationships are ignored when facial movements across the face are separately generated. This paper proposes to create speech-driven models that jointly capture the relationship not only between speech and facial movements, but also across facial movements. The input to the models are features extracted from speech that convey the verbal and emotional states of the speakers. We build our models with bidirectional long-short term memory (BLSTM) units which are shown to be very successful in modeling dependencies for sequential data. The objective and subjective evaluations of the results demonstrate the benefits of joint modeling of facial regions using this framework.
Transient response in granular quasi-two-dimensional bounded heap flow

We study the transition between steady flows of noncohesive granular materials in quasi-two-dimensional bounded heaps by suddenly changing the feed rate. In both experiments and simulations, the primary feature of the transition is a wedge of flowing particles that propagates downstream over the rising free surface with a wedge front velocity inversely proportional to the square root of time. An additional longer duration transient process continues after the wedge front reaches the downstream wall. The entire transition is well modeled as a moving boundary problem with a diffusionlike equation derived from local mass balance and a local relation between the flux and the surface slope.
Auditory Verbal Therapy: A Family-Centered Listening and Spoken Language Intervention for Children With Hearing Loss and Their Families

There are many ways for children with hearing loss to learn to communicate. Advances in universal newborn hearing screening and hearing technology have enabled many families to elect a listening and spoken language outcome for their children, regardless of degree of hearing loss. Auditory Verbal Therapy is a family-centered approach to developing listening and spoken language for children who are deaf or hard of hearing. Professionals certified in Auditory Verbal Therapy (AVT) provide services under a guiding set of 10 principles, enumerated in this article with their attendant research bases and practical/clinical implications.
The effect of carbon irradiation is associated with greater oxidative stress in mouse intestine and colon relative to γ-rays.

Carbon irradiation due to its higher biological effectiveness relative to photon radiation is a concern for toxicity to proliferative normal gastrointestinal (GI) tissue after radiotherapy and long...
Accounting for Contingent Liabilities: What You Disclose Can Be Used Against You

Accounting standards require disclosure of estimable losses from contingent liabilities such as litigation expenses. However, revelation of the firm’s private estimates of the probability of loss and possible legal damages can be detrimental to the firm by encouraging litigation and increasing the costs of settlement. In this paper, I propose a model (the US-patented TMTM) that uses publicly-available data to provide accurate and unbiased estimates of litigation damages without requiring firms to publicly disclose their private assessments or litigation reserves. This provides valuable information to the users of financial statements without undermining the firm’s right to preserve sensitive internal information.
SUCCESSFUL APPLICATION OF NDE FOR CONTINUED OPERATION OF PRESSURE BOUNDARY COMPONENTS

ABSTRACT Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) provides a methodology for assessing the fitness of a component or system for continued operation. NDE is used to detect flaws and characterize them as to type and size. Quantitative NDE information about flaw size and location is the initial information used in subsequent analysis to determine the continued usefulness of a component. New methods in quantitative NDE include use of computers, focused energy sources, and advanced signal processing. It is not a function of NDE to distinguish between flaws and defects. A flaw is a defect when the component can no longer function properly or safely. It is usually accepted that very small flaws will not cause failure during normal use. But, under some conditions, these small flaws can grow to larger flaws which indeed will cause failure. The structural lifetime assurance method predicts the flaw growth rate that affects the continued safe operation of pressure boundary components. Three distinct disciplines are needed to implement structural lifetime assurance. NDE detects and characterizes flaws as to size, shape, and location; structural analysis determines the stress concentrations near flaws or potential flaw locations; and materials science determines the flaw growth rate. Fracture mechanics embodies these technologies to measure and predict crack growth. Structural lifetime assurance or life extension methodologies are usually applied to large and expensive components where the cost of failure, the loss of productivity, or the risk to life is great. Examples of quantitative NDE and structural lifetime assurance determinations for continued operation of generic pressure boundary components are discussed in this paper.
Successful rescue therapy with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for re-expansion pulmonary oedema in a patient with one lung.

Re-expansion pulmonary oedema following the drainage of pleural fluid is rare. We report a patient with 1 lung who developed life-threatening re-expansion pulmonary oedema following thoracentesis and was rescued with venovenous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), surviving to discharge 28 days later. An aggressive early rescue therapy with VV ECMO should be pursued for all types of acute lung injury regardless of patient age, comorbidities or transplant candidacy, given the likelihood of native lung recovery following ECMO support.
Grid Optimization of Shared Energy Storage Among Wind Farms Based on Wind Forecasting

Energy storage is crucial for source-side renewable energy power plants for enhancing output stability and reducing mismatch between power generation and demand. However, installing large size energy storage systems for renewable energy plants may not be economic, due to high capital cost and ever-increasing human resources and maintenance cost. As a result, in this paper, a shared energy storage system among multiple wind farms is proposed to address this energy management challenge. A state-of-the-art wind power forecasting method with ensemble numerical weather prediction models is used to optimally determine the size of a shared energy storage system (ESS). A number of scenarios are performed to optimize and explore the energy storage size under different economic and storage resource sharing circumstances. The performance of ESS, namely the net revenue of power plants, is explored subject to ESS size and operating constraints of wind farms and power systems. Results of a case study show that sharing of energy storage among multiple wind farms and lower cost of storage progressively enhance the economic benefits of using storage to mitigate over-production/under-forecasting (thus curtailment) and under-production/over-forecasting scenarios.
Cost-Efficient Distributed Amplification in a Bidirectional Optical Fiber Link

We propose and demonstrate a novel technique to implement distributed amplification in a bidirectional link. Multiple optical signals are transmitted in a duplex configuration over a single fiber. The multiple channels are generated using only two optical sources on each side of the link. Distributed amplification is achieved using Raman scattering where the data modulated signal in the downlink direction acts as a pump signal as well. To obtain maximum Raman gain and to minimize Rayleigh scattering, the difference between the center frequencies of the downlink and uplink signals is kept at 13 THz. The resulting bit-error-rate plots show low values of receiver sensitivities.