cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SOME UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF THYLAKOID UNISITE ATPASE

Under unisite conditions (ratio of ATP to chloroplast coupling factor (CF0CF1), approximately 1:2.8), spinach thylakoid ATPase depends on prior reductive activation of CF1, just as multisite ATPase does, and is sensitive to removal of CF1 by EDTA. Faster rates in room light than in semidarkness and up to 80% inhibition by uncouplers only in room light indicate a strong effect of proton-motive force, which can be provided by room light. In addition, unisite ATPase is inhibited by azide as long as some ADP is bound to the CF1. Several differences were found between unisite and multisite ATPase. 1) The unisite activities of both membrane-bound and free enzyme were stimulated up to 3-fold by 4 mM free MgCl2 (a strong inhibitor of multisite ATPase). 2) Thylakoid unisite ATPase was inhibited by sulfite (50% inhibition at 5 mM), a powerful activator of multisite ATPase. This inhibition is attributed to a nonspecific ionic strength effect. 3) Unisite ATPase was inhibited by trypsin treatment, which increases multisite ATPase severalfold. 4) The pH profile of thylakoid unisite ATPase is somewhat different from that of multisite. 5) Alkylation of Cys-89 of the γ subunit by N-ethylmaleimide did not affect the unisite activity, but inhibited multisite activity more than 90%.
Using the cloud to replace traditional physical networking laboratories (abstract only)

The cloud has become prevalent today and is used both in academia as well as industry. Many services, such as Amazon Web Services, provide an inexpensive way to provision servers in many different platforms. These cloud providers also have prebuilt instances which have many different popular configurations, such as LAMP and many popular databases. This bird of a feather session will discuss experiences with utilizing the cloud both as a temporary fix for times when hardware is unavailable for laboratories (such as during renovations) as well as using the cloud as a permanent replacement for physical labs
First Report of Bacterial Pustule on Soybeans in North Dakota

Bacterial pustule has not been previously reported on soybeans in North Dakota, and is unlikely to pose a direct yield threat to soybeans in North Dakota. However, the disease can be mistaken for Asian soybean rust, leading to unnecessary fungicide application and economic loss to the grower.
What U.S. law enforcement officers know and believe about eyewitness factors, eyewitness interviews and identification procedures

We surveyed 532 U.S. law enforcement officers about eyewitness factors, and how they conduct eyewitness interviews and identification procedures. There were 83 officers from departments that had implemented eyewitness reforms, and 449 officers from departments that had not implemented reforms. Officers from both samples had limited knowledge of eyewitness factors. They also reported conducting interviews and identification procedures in a manner that violated many provisions of the National Institute of Justice's Guide and Training Manual. Although officers in reform departments reported following more correct lineup procedures than officers in non-reform departments, the two groups did not differ in knowledge of eyewitness factors or in their use of proper interviewing procedures. Only 18% of the reform officers and 1% of the non-reform officers had both read the Guide and received training based on it. We discuss the implications of the present study for training U.S. law enforcement officers about eyewitness testimony. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
Power spectrum scale invariance identifies prefrontal dysregulation in paranoid schizophrenia

Theory and experimental evidence suggest that complex living systems function close to the boundary of chaos, with erroneous organization to an improper dynamical range (too stiff or chaotic) underlying system-wide dysregulation and disease. We hypothesized that erroneous organization might therefore also characterize paranoid schizophrenia, via optimization abnormalities in the prefrontal-limbic circuit regulating emotion. To test this, we acquired fMRI scans from 35 subjects (N = 9 patients with paranoid schizophrenia and N = 26 healthy controls), while they viewed affect-valent stimuli. To quantify dynamic regulation, we analyzed the power spectrum scale invariance (PSSI) of fMRI time-courses and computed the geometry of time-delay (Poincare) maps, a measure of variability. Patients and controls showed distinct PSSI in two clusters (k(1) : Z = 4.3215, P = 0.00002 and k(2) : Z = 3.9441, P = 0.00008), localized to the orbitofrontal/medial prefrontal cortex (Brodmann Area 10), represented by β close to white noise in patients (β ≈ 0) and in the pink noise range in controls (β ≈ -1). Interpreting the meaning of PSSI differences, the Poincare maps indicated less variability in patients than controls (Z = -1.9437, P = 0.05 for k(1) ; Z = -2.5099, P = 0.01 for k(2) ). That the dynamics identified Brodmann Area 10 is consistent with previous schizophrenia research, which implicates this area in deficits of working memory, executive functioning, emotional regulation and underlying biological abnormalities in synaptic (glutamatergic) transmission. Our results additionally cohere with a large body of work finding pink noise to be the normal range of central function at the synaptic, cellular, and small network levels, and suggest that patients show less supple responsivity of this region.
Specification parameter for asphalt mixtures using frequency sweep data from the Superpave shear tester

ABSTRACT The data generated from the Superpave shear tester (SST) frequency sweep at constant height (FSCH) test is available in terms of the complex shear modulus G* versus frequency at the temperature of measurement. An attempt is made to unify the sets of curves generated at different temperatures on various mixtures. The procedure involved the use of a normalizing frequency parameter. The temperature at which the normalizing parameter becomes equal to one is suggested as a specification parameter for assessing mixture performance. This specification parameter was determined for various mixtures of known performance and found to follow performance ranking in all the studied cases.
Role of predators in the reversal of imbalances in microbial ecosystems.

MICROBIAL communities contain a wide variety of microorganisms living together, frequently at high population densities. These communities are relatively stable and not easily disturbed. When a heterogeneous animal or plant population becomes unbalanced by a minor ecological disturbance, such as immigration of a foreign species or by a temporary change in nutrient concentration, the community structure may be altered permanently. By contrast, microbial populations developed either by intrusion of non-indigenous microorganisms or by temporary ecological perturbations are vigorously resisted by the native community. Intermicrobial predators exist in most microbial communities. This communication describes the homeostatic processes by which microbial imbalances are reversed by predators among the native population.
German Banking and Japanese Banking: A Comparative Analysis

Wherever there are banks there are arguments about the macro-economic effects of banking policy. One of the best theoretical formulations of the effect of German banking on German development appears in Alexander Gerschenkron's “Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective” and “Reflections on the Concept of Prerequisites of Modern Industrialization.” This problem is given an empirical treatment in “German Banks and German Growth, 1883–1913: An Empirical View,” by Hugh Neuburger and Houston H. Stokes. Our intention in this paper is to test further our previous findings and to contrast our findings for Germany with those for post-World War II Japan. While the two situations are not entirely comparable they are similar enough to make such a comparison worthwhile.
Gadolinium exposure disrupts iron homeostasis in cultured cells.

Human exposure to gadolinium-based contrast agents can be complicated by nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). Demonstration of significant quantities of insoluble gadolinium in the skin of NSF patients suggested transmetallation as a mechanism of toxicity of this injury. An alternative pathway for the biological effect of gadolinium is a disruption of iron homeostasis. We tested the postulate that cell exposure to gadolinium increases iron uptake to disrupt intracellular metal homeostasis and impact inflammatory events. Alveolar macrophages, THP1 cells, NHBE cells, and BEAS-2B cells all demonstrated a capacity to import gadolinium from both GdCl3 and Omniscan. All four cell types similarly imported iron following exposure to ferric ammonium citrate (FAC). Exposure of all cell types to gadolinium and iron resulted in increased iron import relative to cell concentrations following incubation with FAC alone. To analyze for further evidence of changes in iron homeostasis, cell ferritin concentration was determined. Relative to incubation with FAC alone, co-incubation of BEAS-2B cells with gadolinium and FAC resulted in significant increases in ferritin level. Finally, potential effects of gadolinium uptake and associated changes in iron homeostasis on the inflammatory response were evaluated by measuring IL-8. Co-incubation of BEAS-2B cells with both gadolinium and iron resulted in diminished release of IL-8 relative to levels of the cytokine following incubation with gadolinium alone. We conclude that gadolinium impacts cell iron homeostasis to change import and storage of the metal and biological effects of exposure.
Characteristic X-Rays Excited by Beta-Particles

Characteristic x-rays have been shown to be associated with a $\ensuremath{\beta}$-particle source. The x-rays excited in atoms outside the $\ensuremath{\beta}$-emitting atom were detected by absorption measurements and photographically, with a curved crystal spectrograph. Characteristic Cu x-rays associated with the decay of 12.8-hour ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{64}$ are attributed to the strong beta-activity of the source. Photographs of characteristic x-rays excited by ${\mathrm{P}}^{32}$ $\ensuremath{\beta}$-particles in Cu, Zr, Rh, and Ag were obtained. The characteristic x-rays and general x-radiation excited by ${\mathrm{P}}^{32}$ $\ensuremath{\beta}$-particles in Al, Cu, Ag, Sn, and Pb were studied by absorption of the radiation in Al, Cu, and Pb.
Scaling Behavior in Multiperipheral Dynamics

We demonstrate the scaling of the single-particle momentum distribution as a general property of all the multiperipheral models which have been proposed. We also show that in these models, pionization is approached as a smooth limit from scaling. The proof is based only on the most general multiperipheral assumption and on Pomeranchuk-pole dominance at high energies. Thus the experimental observation of scaling is required for the validity of any multiperipheral model.
Optical transmission loss of germanium borosilicate fibres as a function of drawing conditions

Previous work showed that the transmission loss of step-index phosphosilicate fibre is dependent upon the draw tension. Similar experiments with graded-index germanium-borosilicate fibres do not show the same dependence over a range of tension from 5 g to 100 g and a range of draw speeds from 0.25 m/s to 5 m/s.
Oxygenation strategy and neurologic damage after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. II. Hypoxic versus free radical injury

Abstract Objectives: Laboratory studies suggest that myocardial reperfusion injury is exacerbated by free radicals when pure oxygen is used during cardiopulmonary bypass. In phase I of this study we demonstrated that normoxic perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass does not increase the risk of microembolic brain injury so long as a membrane oxygenator with an arterial filter is used. In phase II of this study we studied the hypothesis that normoxic perfusion increases the risk of hypoxic brain injury after deep hypothermia with circulatory arrest. Methods: With membrane oxygenators with arterial filters, 10 piglets (8-10 kg) underwent 120 minutes of deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest at 15°C, were rewarmed to 37°C, and were weaned from bypass. In 5 piglets normoxia (Pa O 2 64-181 mm Hg) was used during cardiopulmonary bypass and in 5 hyperoxia (Pa O 2 400-900 mm Hg) was used. After 6 hours of reperfusion the brain was fixed for histologic evaluation. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor cerebral oxyhemoglobin and oxidized cytochrome a,a 3 concentrations. Results: Histologic examination revealed a significant increase in brain damage in the normoxia group (score 12.4 versus 8.6, P = .01), especially in the neocortex and hippocampal regions. Cytochrome a,a 3 and oxyhemoglobin concentrations tended to be lower during deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest in the normoxia group ( P = .16). Conclusions: In the setting of prolonged deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest with membrane oxygenators, normoxic cardiopulmonary bypass significantly increases histologically graded brain damage with respect to hyperoxic cardiopulmonary bypass. Near-infrared spectroscopy suggests that the mechanism is hypoxic injury, which presumably overwhelms any injury caused by increased oxygen free radicals. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999;117:1172-9)
Review: Periprocedural high-dose statins reduce contrast-induced acute kidney injury after coronary angiography

Source Citation Ukaigwe A, Karmacharya P, Mahmood M, et al. Meta-analysis on efficacy of statins for prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients undergoing coronary angiography. ...
Angiographic diagnosis of aorto-right atrial fistula from acute dissecting aneurysm of the ascending aorta

An uncommon complication of acute dissecting hematoma of the aorta is rupture into a right heart chamger. We report a case in which the dissecting hematoma ruptured into the right atrium in addition to causing aortic valve incompetence. These features were diagnosed angiographically. Thereafter, successful surgical repair was performed.
Integrated Optical Architectures And Implementations

Methods of performing elementary computational operations using integrated optics technology are reviewed. It is then shown how these operations can be combined to form a number of matrix-vector and matrix-matrix multipliers. These include a compact modification of the engagement architecture which allows a more efficient multiplication of two N x N matrices than possible with previous engagement processors.
The Nature of the Psychological Impact of Divorce upon the Individual.

Through use of the Personal Orientation Inventory and a questionnaire that elicited information along several dimensions of behavior indices. the study contributed an explicit description of the extent of distress experienced by divorced or separated individuals. Data sources were 126 male and female participants in an organization named We Care, a nonprofit, self-help group that provides guidance and support to its divorced or separated members through small-group process. Data were analyzed through analysis of variance and chi-square computations. A 6-month follow-up revealed significant increases in self-regard. self-acceptance, and time orientation patterns.
LIMITS ON THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAME OF REFERENCE IN WATER RESOURCE DECISION-MAKING

Study of water resource decision-making in Massachusetts demonstrates the existence of many institutional constraints such as the established fee system for consulting engineers, the funding of certain agencies, the institutionalization of equity concerns, overrepresentation of interests, and incompatibility of agency goals. These institutional constraints are attributable in part to certain broadly-based value-orientations such as the American pragmatic tradition. However, various lines of evidence indicate that these constraints are less important than other factors in the etiology of decisional outcomes. The outcomes of the decision processes were found to be at variance with the decisions studied, a fact leading to the conclusion that choice of decisions for study should be given more attention. The authors conclude that institutional constraints are important if one is interested in studying how decisions are made, but that what actually happens in the long run cannot be easily ascertained by studying either institutions or the decision-making process. They suggest the need for more research utilizing the incremental theories of Carl Lindblom and the side-effect theories of Albert O. Hirschman.
Reactions of a tungsten phosphenium ion complex with carbenoid reagents

Abstract The reactions of diazomethane, the silylene fragments Me2Si and Ph2Si, and stannylene fragment Me2Sn with the metallophosphenium ion complex CpW(CO)2{P(Ph)[N(SiMe3)2]} were examined and the new species Cp(CO) 2 W(ER 2 ) P ¯ (Ph)[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] ( ER 2 = CH 2 , SiMe 2 and SiPh 2 ) were isolated and characterized. The molecular structures for the compounds with R2E = CH2 and SiMe2 were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques.
Measuring Computer Anxiety in the Work Environment.

Covariance modeling techniques were used to test the assumption of group invariance of a computer anxiety scale by comparing results from two potentially different populations: college students and members of a law enforcement agency. Results provide strong support for the hypothesis that the validity of the computer anxiety construct could be generalized to different groups.
Transport-dependent membrane damage and the irreversible inactivation of nucleoside transport by showdomycin.

Abstract The initial rate and maximal level of uptake of the nucleoside antibiotic, showdomycin, by L1210 cells were concentration dependent. These were inhibited by both adenosine and 6-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)thio]purine-9-β- d -ribofuranoside (HNBMPR), a potent, specific nucleoside transport inhibitor. When showdomycin accumulation reached 1–2 nmoles/106 cells, its association with the cells decreased rapidly and acid-insoluble material containing reacted antibiotic was released. Under these conditions, severe plasma membrane damage occurred, as indicated by extensive cell lysis and trypan blue staining. This damage was inhibited by HNBMPR, suggesting that the attack on membrane integrity took place from the cytoplasmic side. Treatment of cells with showdomycin reduced both its own uptake as well as that of adenosine and the binding of [3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine. The magnitude of binding of this specific nucleoside transport inhibitor was many orders less than the uptake of showdomycin, indicating that considerable amounts of antibiotic can enter the cells prior to its inactivation of the transport system.
The limiting hole pressure in three dimensions

Abstract The three-dimensional analog of the Giesekus–Tanner (G–T) theorem [B. Caswell, Non-Newtonian flow at lowest order: the role of the Reiner-Rivlin stress, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 133 (1) (2006) 1–13] allows the flow in the vicinity of a pressure tap to be analyzed with the solution of the inertialess flow of a Reiner-Rivlin fluid just as G–T was used [R.I. Tanner, A. Pipkin, Intrinsic errors in pressure-hole measurements, Trans. Soc. Rheol. 14 (1969) 471] to analyze the corresponding two-dimensional flow with the Stokes solution. Later Kearsley [E.A. Kearsley, Intrinsic errors for pressure measurements in a slot along a flow, Trans. Soc. Rheol. 14 (3) (1970) 419–424] extended the Tanner–Pipkin analysis to the rectilinear flow in a channel with a parallel slot. In the two-dimensional case the Tanner–Pipkin term is the hole pressure relative to the Stokes value (usually neglected), and is determined solely by the first normal stress function evaluated at the wall shear rate of the undisturbed flow. It is thus “intrinsic” since dimensional analysis suggests the hole pressure should also depend on the hole geometry. Kearsley’s result is independent of slot geometry only in the limit that the slot is deep and very narrow relative to the size of the main channel. In three-dimensions the Tanner–Pipkin term again contributes an intrinsic pressure independent of hole geometry, but now it is now relative to the Reiner–Rivlin value which itself depends on the hole geometry and is not negligible. Hence the complete hole pressure in three-dimensions requires the solution of the Reiner–Rivlin problem which in general will be obtained numerically. The latter is formulated for numerical simulation so that the hole pressure can be read off from values of the pressure field without any post-processing calculation of velocity gradients. The numerical simulations were performed with a three-dimensional spectral element code [G.E. Karniadakis, S.J. Sherwin, Spectral/ hp Element Methods for CFD, Oxford University Press, 1999] well suited to the efficient solution of flow problems in complex geometries. The limiting values of the Reiner–Rivlin hole pressure have been obtained for several hole/channel ratios. Numerical results for the larger holes are not in agreement with the H–P theory [K. Higashitani, W.G. Pritchard, A kinematic calculation of intrinsic errors in pressure measurements made with holes, Trans. Soc. Rheol. 16 (4) (1972) 687–696], and for such holes the Stokes hole pressure was found to be in the measurable range.
The influence of gun control laws on personal violence

The handgun control statutes of the continental states of the USA in 1966 were coded and scaled for strictness, and strictness was found to be unrelated to the incidence of homicide (by any method) in 1960 and 1970. However, states with the stricter handgun control statutes were found to have lower suicide rates by firearm and lower suicide rates overall.
Temperature behavior of AlGaN/GaN on SiC HEMTs

This study presents extensive characterization and comparison of current GaN/SiC devices (from 5 US manufacturers) across temperature (-25-125/spl deg/C). The changes with temperature for: saturated current (I/sub dss/), transconductance (g/sub m/), and maximum stable gain (MSG) are measured and statistics are studied. The typical temperature-coefficients (TC) are established for I/sub dss/, g/sub m/, and MSG in GaN technology. This information is useful for MMIC designs. The minimum temperature coefficients compare well with theoretical expectations. Finally, a correlation is observed between the temperature behavior of RF and DC parameters.
The influence of both drinking and familial risk statuses on cognitive functioning of social drinkers.

Problem and nonproblem drinking, college student sons of alcoholics were compared to problem and nonproMem drinking college student sons of nonalcoholic fathers with respect to cognitive functioning. Problem drinkers performed more poorly on two of the four cognitive tasks, Group Embedded Figures and Symbol-Digit Paired Associates Learning Task, thus supporting earlier findings of cognitive deficits in problem drinking nonalcoholics. Additionally, sons of alcoholics tended to perform more poorly than sons of nonalcoholic* on the Group Embedded Figures Test Cognitive performance was not predicted by any of four measures of impulsive/antisocial personality and behavior-preadult antisocial behavior, childhood behavior problems, sensation seeking, and the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale. The findings of the research pointed to the importance of considering both drinking and familial alcoholism risk statuses in studies of the cognitive performance of nonalcoholics. Further implications and limitations of the findings are discussed.
Presenilin/γ-secretase and α-secretase-like peptidases cleave human MHC Class I proteins

HLA (human leucocyte antigen)-A2 is an MHC Class I protein with primary functions in T-cell development and initi-ation of immune cell responses. MHC I proteins also play roles in intercellular adhesion, apoptosis, cell proliferation and neuronal plasticity. By utilizing a sequence comparison analysis, we recently identified HLA-A2 as a potential substrate for the Alzheimer's disease-associated PS1 (presenilin 1)/γ-secretase. α-Secretase-like membrane metalloproteinases are responsible for an initial shedding event, partially mediated by ADAM (a disinteg-rin and metalloproteinase)-10. Accordingly, activation or inhibition of α-secretase-like membrane metalloproteinases directly modulated levels of a 14 kDa HLA-A2 CTF (C-terminal frag-ment) in CHO (Chinese-hamster ovary) cells. To show that the HLA-A2 CTF is subsequently cleaved by PS1/γ-secretase, we re-duced its activity in cell lines stably expressing HLA-A2 and in Jurkat T-cells expressing endogenous MHC I. Treatment with specific PS1/γ-secretase inhibitors or expression of a dominant-negative construct led to a significant accumulation of HLA-A2 CTFs. We also identified the PS1/γ-secretase cleavage product of HLA-A2 CTF, termed HLA-A2 intracellular domain, in cell-free and cell-based experiments. In the absence of proteasome inhibitors, HLA-A2 intracellular domain underwent rapid degrad-ation. These data indicate that MHC I proteins undergo extra-cellular domain cleavage mediated by α-secretases and the cleavage product is subsequently cleaved by PS1/γ-secretase.
VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES FOR STEADY-STATE NEUTRON FLUX FUNCTIONALS

Abstract Variational principles for ratios of linear neutron flux functionals are extended to treat boundary condition and boundary perturbations in nuclear systems which are described by the steady-state inhomogeneous and homogeneous Boltzmann equations. The relationship of these principles with first-order perturbation theory is established. Their applicability to perturbations of the external boundary of the system is investigated through numerical examples.
The Candida albicans ERG26 gene encoding the C-3 sterol dehydrogenase (C-4 decarboxylase) is essential for growth

The Candida albicans ERG26 gene encoding the C-3 sterol dehydrogenase (C-4 decarboxylase) was cloned by complementing a Saccharomyces cerevisiae erg26 mutant with a C. albicans genomic library. Sequence analysis showed a 70% identity between the C. albicans and S. cerevisiae ERG26 genes at the amino acid level. Sequential disruption of both copies of the ERG26 gene in the presence of an integrated rescue cassette containing a third copy of the ERG26 gene under the control of the inducible pMAL2 promoter, resulted in cells capable of growing only in the presence of the inducer. The results establish that the ERG26 gene is essential for growth and that inhibitors of the Erg26p may represent a new and highly effective class of antifungal agents.
The contribution of parasitism to selection on floral traits in Heuchera grossulariifolia

Parasites are ubiquitous and have well-documented ecological consequences. In contrast, the extent to which parasites drive phenotypic evolution in hosts remains obscure. We use a recently developed statistical technique – selective source analysis – to analyse the strength of phenotypic selection acting on floral traits in the plant Heuchera grossulariifolia attributable to attack by the seed-parasitic moth, Greya politella. This analysis spanned 3 years and included two sympatric populations of the host plant H. grossulariifolia that differ in ploidy. Our analyses revealed that attack by G. politella contributed to phenotypic selection for flowering time and floral display size, favouring earlier flowering in the polyploid population, later flowering in the diploid population and increased floral display size in the polyploid population. Although selection imposed by parasite attack was generally quite weak, in one of the 3 years parasites generated a modestly strong selection gradient (b = )0.059) that explained 38.6% of total observed phenotypic selection for earlier flowering in the polyploid population. Together, our results demonstrate parasites can generate significant phenotypic selection, but that such selection may be sporadic across populations and time.
Follicular lymphoma transformed to "double-hit" B lymphoblastic lymphoma presenting in the peritoneal fluid

Lymphomas showing both MYC/8q24 rearrangement and IGH@BCL2/t(14;18)(q32;q21), also referred to as "double-hit" or "dual-hit" lymphomas (DHL) are rare B-cell malignancies with a germinal center B-cell immunophenotype and heterogeneous cytologic and histologic features. Such lymphomas may arise de novo or through transformation of follicular lymphomas and are classified either as "B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Burkitt lymphoma (BL)" (most commonly), DLBCL, or, rarely, as B-lymphoblastic lymphoma. We report a case of B-lymphobastic lymphoma arising through transformation of follicular lymphoma diagnosed on peritoneal fluid cytology, flow cytometry, and cytogenetic studies in a 53-year-old man who presented with abdominal pain, shortness of breath, night sweats, extensive lymphadenopathy, pleural effusion, and ascites. Cytologic examination of the ascitic fluid showed two distinct populations of neoplastic lymphoid cells, a predominant population of larger cells with fine powdery ("blastic") chromatin, visible to prominent nucleoli and occasional small cytoplasmic vacuoles and a less numerous population of smaller cells with centrocytic morphology. Flow cytometry also showed two distinct monotypic B-cell populations, both expressing CD10, and TdT-positivity was demonstrated immunohistochemically. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated both MYC rearrangement and IGH/BCL2 gene fusion and cytogenetic analysis showed a complex karyotype including both t(14;18)(q32;q21) and t(8;22)(q24.1;q11.2). Since DHL pursue an aggressive clinical course, respond poorly to therapy, and have a poor outcome, it is important to suspect the diagnosis when encountering neoplastic lymphoid cells that are difficult to classify in effusion cytology specimens and to order the appropriate immunophenotyping and cytogenetic studies.
PMAC: a real-world case study of underwater MAC

In this paper we document the design, implementation and testing of a scheduling-based MAC protocol, called PMAC, for a 2012's sea trial, and experience gained from this process. In this experiment, the topology was a straight line, and PMAC is specifically design to take advantage of it: network nodes take turn to send and those that are three hops apart are allowed to do so simultaneously. The result shows that although PMAC's performance is much better compared to other protocols in the same experiment, there is room for improvement by selecting an appropriate packet size and scheduling scheme. Besides that, the result reveals an important factor which we will show has significant impact on protocol design, yet is usually ignored in theoretical work: modem processing delay. The modem processing delay is in fact not negligible, and increasing with packet size. The paper also presents important lessons from this field test which are useful for similar future efforts.
Soil CO2 efflux in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations on the Virginia Piedmont and South Carolina Coastal Plain over a rotation-length chronosequence

We measured soil surface CO2 efflux (Fs) in loblolly pine stands (Pinus taeda L.) located on the Virginia Piedmont (VA) and South Carolina Coastal Plain (SC) in efforts to assess the impact climate, productivity, and cultural practices have on Fs in the managed loblolly pine eco- system. The effect of stand age on Fs was examined using a replicated chronosequence approach in which stands ranging from 1 to 25 years since planting were investigated. Soil CO2 efflux was measured on both VA and SC sites for over a year using a closed dynamic system. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate Fs correlates and examine the relationship between candidate explanatory variables and Fs. Soil temperature (top 10 cm) was the major correlate with Fs on both locations. We observed a positive age effect on Fs in VA stands and no relationship between age and Fs in SC stands. Annual soil C efflux declined with stand age in SC due to both reductions in soil temperatures as crown closure occurs and a diminishing heterotrophic C substrate pool. An- nual estimated efflux ranges from 16.7 to 13.2 Mg C ha � 1 for 1 and 20-year-old stands, respec- tively. In contrast, annual soil C efflux increased with age in VA stands as a result of the positive relationship between stand age and Fs, which appears to be related to an increase in the contri- bution of root respiration to total Fs over time. In VA stands, efflux estimates range from 7.6 to 12.3 Mg C ha � 1 for 1 and 20-year-old stands, respectively. These results demonstrate the need to further consider the impact forest management and within-region variability have on soil C efflux over time when estimating C budgets.
Traceable temperature calibrations of radiation thermometers for rapid thermal processing

Lightpipe radiation thermometers (LPRTs) have been successfully calibrated at NIST for rapid thermal processing (RTP) applications using a sodium heat-pipe blackbody (Na-HPBB) between 700/spl deg/C and 900/spl deg/C with an uncertainty of about 0.3/spl deg/C (k=1) traceable to the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90). Using appropriate effective emissivity models, LPRTs have been used to determine the wafer temperature in the NIST RTP Test Bed with an uncertainty of 3.5/spl deg/C. With the aid of a thin-film thermocouple wafer, the LPRT can measure the wafer temperature in the NIST RTP Test Bed with an uncertainty of 2.1/spl deg/C. In RTP reactors where optical access is available, spot-type radiation thermometers (STRTs) become an attractive technique for temperature measurement. From 700/spl deg/C to 900/spl deg/C, STRTs can be calibrated against the Na-HPBB with an uncertainty of about 1.1/spl deg/C. Cable-less LPRTs (CLRTs) offer a decisive advantage to greater traceability than traditional LPRTs. Application of CLRTs eliminates 2.0/spl deg/C or more uncertainty from the calibration scheme. The Na-HPBB source and the calibration procedures and uncertainties will be discussed. Calibrating radiation thermometers using the NIST Na-HPBB offers traceability to the ITS-90, decreases temperature measurement uncertainties, and improves temperature accuracy.
Transmembrane protein 88 (TMEM88) promoter hypomethylation is associated with platinum resistance in ovarian cancer.

Abstract Objectives Epigenetic alterations have been implicated in the development of platinum resistance in ovarian cancer (OC). In this study, we aimed to identify DNA methylation changes in platinum resistant tumors and their functional implications. Methods To identify DNA methylation alterations we used the Illumina 450k DNA methylation array and profiled platinum sensitive and resistant OC xenografts. Validation analyses employed RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of OC xenografts identified 6 genes ( SSH3, SLC12A4, TMEM88, PCDHGC3, DAXX, MEST ) whose promoters were significantly hypomethylated in resistant compared to sensitive (control) xenografts ( p TMEM88 and DAXX mRNA expression levels were increased in platinum resistant compared to control xenografts, inversely correlated with promoter methylation levels. Furthermore treatment of OC cells with SGI-110 (guadecitabine), a DNA methyl transferase (DNMT) inhibitor, increased TMEM88 mRNA expression levels, supporting that TMEM88 is transcriptionally regulated by promoter methylation. TMEM88 was detectable by IHC in all histological types of ovarian tumors and its knock-down by using siRNA promoted OC cell proliferation and colony formation and re-sensitized cells to platinum. Furthermore, TMEM88 knock down induced upregulation of cyclin D1 and c - Myc , known Wnt target genes, supporting that TMEM88 inhibits Wnt signaling. Conclusions Overall, our results support that OC platinum resistance was correlated with TMEM88 overexpression regulated through decreased promoter methylation. Our data suggest that TMEM88 functions as an inhibitor of Wnt signaling, contributing to the development of platinum resistance.
Dietary protein and calcium interact to influence calcium retention: a controlled feeding study

Background: The effect of meat protein on calcium retention at different calcium intakes is unresolved. Objective: The objective was to test the effect of dietary protein on calcium retention at low and high intakes of calcium. Design: In a randomized controlled feeding study with a 2 3 2 factorial crossover design, healthy postmenopausal women (n ¼ 27) consumed either ’675 or ’1510 mg Ca/d, with both low and high protein (providing 10% and 20% energy) for 7 wk each, separated by a 3-wk washout period. After 3 wk, the entire diet was extrinsically labeled with 47 Ca, and isotope retention was monitored by whole-body scintillation counting. Clinical markers of calcium and bone metabolism were measured. Results: High compared with low dietary protein significantly increased calcium retention from the low-calcium (29.5% compared with 26.0% absorbed) but not the high-calcium diet (18% absorbed). For the low-calcium diet, this effect nearly balanced a protein-related 0.5-mmol/dgreaterurinarycalciumexcretion.Protein-relatedcalciureticeffects were independent of dietary calcium.Testing at1, 2, 3, 5, and7wkshowednolong-termadaptationinurinaryacidityorurinary calciumexcretion.Highcomparedwithlowdietaryproteindecreased urinary deoxypyridinoline and increased serum insulin-like growth factor I without affecting parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, bonespecific alkaline phosphatase, or tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Conclusions: In healthy postmenopausal women, a moderate increase in dietary protein, from 10% to 20% of energy, slightly improved calcium absorption from a low-calcium diet, nearly compensating for a slight increase in urinary calcium excretion. Under practical dietary conditions, increased dietary protein from animal sources was not detrimental to calcium balance or short-term indicators of bone health. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89:1357‐65.
Exploring the role of shear in oblique impacts: A comparison of experimental and numerical results for planar targets

Abstract Oblique impacts produce asymmetric damage patterns due to asymmetric, directed shock waves; these patterns are seen for both laboratory and planetary scale craters [1] , [2] . Previous laboratory and computational studies of impact-induced damaged have focused mainly on tensile failure following hypervelocity impacts. Though extension plays a significant role in impact-induced damage, it is widely accepted that shear failure also occurs during hypervelocity impacts. Shear failure occurs over a variety of scales both during and after impacts [3] , [4] , [5] . Here we examine this process in more detail for oblique impacts. Experiments not only provide a general view of small-scale processes (including damage patterns in their final form), but also can be difficult to relate to larger impacts with confidence, even though similarities can be documented [e.g. 1]. Detailed computer models provide complementary information. Although they detail underlying processes during crater formation, they do not always contain adequate constitutive models, thereby requiring simplifying assumptions. A comprehensive model taking into account deformation following failure of rocks is still unavailable, which limits conclusions based solely on numerical simulations. Consequently, a combination of models and experiments must be used. Impact experiments into planar polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) targets at small scale are examined in an attempt to constrain the sequence, location and style of failure. Two- and three-dimensional CTH models (with identical conditions to the experiments) were computed using a variety of failure criteria in order to determine the parameter set that best matches the experimental results. High-speed imaging recorded the sequence and location of failure within various PMMA targets, which was then compared with results from theoretical models. The CTH models provide critical details about specific failure style and indicate only minimal failure due to extension following the impact except for tensile failure at the base of the block. Instead, shear failure dominates below the crater. While the CTH hydrocode models generally match the extent of the damaged region, some differences remain. Projectile properties (density, composition, size) for impacts with the same kinetic energy affect the extent, style, and growth of damage in a given target. This includes differences in degree of uprange damage, subarcuate fractures, and sub-parallel failure planes. Comparisons between experiment and hydrocode results reveal that projectile failure (even at hypervelocity) contributes to the observed differences.
Graft copolymers containing nucleic acid bases and L‐α‐amino acids

Graft copolymers of nucleic acid bases and L-α-amino acids on polyethyleneimine were synthesized, and carboxyl derivatives of adenine and thymine were grafted by the p-nitrophenyl ester method onto linear and branched polyethyleneimine. The carboxyl derivatives of nucleic acid bases were also grafted onto the monomeric graft copolymers of L-α-amino acids on polyethyleneimine; the carboxyl derivatives were obtained by the condensation of polyethyleneimine with L-α-amino acids with a coupling agent.
Charged kaon correlations

The study of identified particle correlations in general, and that of identified strange particle correlations in particular, is thought to give an insight into the particle production mechanisms in a dense medium such as the one created at RHIC when Au ions were collided at 200 GeV center-of-mass energy. We will review the physics accessible with azimuthal correlation studies and present the first results from an analysis done with charged kaons.
A distributed arithmetic MFIR filter

The design of high-order FIR filters is considered in the context of speed and complexity. It is shown that by using the multiplicative form of the FIR and the distributed filter architecture, high-order high-speed filters can be designed which have significantly reduced hardware and circuit board requirements.
Systematic review of the comorbidity of irritable bowel syndrome with other disorders: what are the causes and implications?

Abstract Background & Aims: Comorbid or extraintestinal symptoms occur frequently with irritable bowel syndrome and account for up to three fourths of excess health care visits. This challenges the assumption that irritable bowel is a distinct disorder. The aims of this study were to (1) assess comorbidity in 3 areas: gastrointestinal disorders, psychiatric disorders, and nongastrointestinal somatic disorders; and (2) evaluate explanatory hypotheses. Methods: The scientific literature since 1966 in all languages cited in Medline was systematically reviewed. Results: Comorbidity with other functional gastrointestinal disorders is high and may be caused by shared pathophysiological mechanisms such as visceral hypersensitivity. Psychiatric disorders, especially major depression, anxiety, and somatoform disorders, occur in up to 94%. The nongastrointestinal nonpsychiatric disorders with the best-documented association are fibromyalgia (median of 49% have IBS), chronic fatigue syndrome (51%), temporomandibular joint disorder (64%), and chronic pelvic pain (50%). Conclusions: Multivariate statistical analyses suggest that these are distinct disorders and not manifestations of a common somatization disorder, but their strong comorbidity suggests a common feature important to their expression, which is most likely psychological. Some models explain the comorbidity of irritable bowel with other disorders by suggesting that each disorder is the manifestation of varying combinations of interacting physiological and psychological factors. An alternative hypothesis is that the irritable bowel diagnosis is applied to a heterogeneous group of patients, some of whom have a predominantly psychological etiology, whereas others have a predominantly biological etiology, and that the presence of multiple comorbid disorders is a marker for psychological influences on etiology. GASTROENTEROLOGY 2002;122:1140-1156
Testing flow graph reducibility

Many problems in program optimization have been solved by applying a technique called interval analysis to the flow graph of the program. A flow graph which is susceptible to this type of analysis is called reducible. This paper describes an algorithm for testing whether a flow graph is reducible. The algorithm uses depth-first search to reveal the structure of the flow graph and a good method for computing disjoint set unions to determine reducibility from the search information. When the algorithm is implemented on a random access computer, it requires O(E log^*E) time to analyze a graph with E edges, where log^*x=min{[email protected]?log^(^i^)[email protected]?1}. The time bound compares favorably with the O(E log E) bound of a previously known algorithm.
Candidate Positioning and Voter Choice

of these criteria in the electorate. We then formally derive an exhaustive set of critical tests: situations in which the criteria predict different vote choices. Finally, through survey experiments concerning health care policy, we administer the tests to a nationally representative sample. We find that proximity voting is about twice as common as discounting and four times as common as directional voting. Furthermore, discounting is most prevalent among ideological centrists and nonpartisans, who make sophisticated judgments that help align policy with their preferences. These findings demonstrate the promise of combining formal theory and experiments to answer previously intractable questions about democracy. “A key characteristic of democracy,” Dahl (1971, 1) noted, is the “responsiveness of the government to the preferences of its citizens.” Two mechanisms play central roles in promoting responsiveness, thereby fostering congruence between the preferences of voters and the policy positions of candidates. Voters in a democracy can select candidates that represent their views, and candidates can compete for votes by strategically taking positions that appeal to the electorate. Both mechanisms are important; each depends on the criteria voters use to judge politicians on the issues. A lively debate has focused on three theories about how voters judge the policy stances of candidates. The first,proximitytheory,assumesthatcitizensprefercandidateswhosepositionsareclosesttotheirown.Forexample,avoterwhofavorsa5%increaseingovernment spending on health care will be happiest with a candidate who advocates the same level of spending. The more a candidate’s position diverges from the voter’s, the less satisfied the voter will feel. The presumed positive relationship between proximity and satisfaction,