cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On-orbit cryogenic fluid transfer research at NASA Lewis Research Center

A summary of research into on-orbit cryogenic fluid transfer at the NASA Lewis Research Center (LRC) is presented. Variable test parameters and liquid injection configurations elucidated the conditions necessary for a successful transfer of liquid hydrogen by the no-vent fill method. The model is based on conservation of mass and a first-law energy balance for a control volume. The ullage, the bulk liquid, and the tank wall are each represented by a single node. The magnitude of the maximum receiver tank pressure was found to be dependent on the liquid inlet temperature, the inlet mass flow rate, and the initial temperature. A comparison of the test data and the analytical results for a no-vent fill test with a small receiver tank is presented.
Stimulation of glycerolphosphate phosphatidyltransferase activity in fetal rabbit lung by cortisol administration

Abstract Phosphatidylglycerol is an important component of pulmonary surfactant. Previous studies have shown that direct administration of corticosteroids or thyroxine to the fetus during the latter part of gestation results in accelerated lung maturation with increased surfactant production. We have shown that administration of cortisol to fetal rabbits at 24 days' gestation results 3 days later in a significant increase in the activity of pulmonary glycerolphosphate phosphatidyltransferase, an enzyme involved in the synthesis of phosphatidyl-glycerol. The activity of the liver enzyme was not affected. Choline phospho-transferase, CDPdiglyceride-inositol phosphatidyltransferase, lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase and lysolecithin acyltransferase activities were not altered significantly by cortisol treatment. Thyroxine treatment had no effect on any of the enzymes of phospholipid or fatty acid biosynthesis studied.
Newborns of mothers with depressive symptoms are less expressive

The facial expressions of 40 newborns of mothers with depressive symptoms (n = 20) and of nondepressive mothers (n = 20) were recorded during the Brazelton Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale and during the modeling of happy, sad, and surprised faces. Infants of mothers with depressive symptoms demonstrated inferior performance on the orientation cluster of the Brazelton scale and showed fewer interest and more precry expressions during the Brazelton. During the facial expression modeling, they showed less orientation and fewer facial expressions in response to the modeled happy and surprise facial expressions.
Seismic detection of an active subglacial magmatic complex in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica

Numerous volcanoes exist in Marie Byrd Land, a highland region of West Antarctica. High heat flow through the crust in this region may influence the stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet 1‐4 . Volcanic activity progressed from north to south in the Executive Committee mountain range between the Miocene and Holocene epochs, but there has been no evidence for recent magmatic activity 5‐7 . Here we use a recently deployed seismic network to show that in 2010 and 2011, two swarms of seismic activity occurred at 25‐40 km depth beneath subglacial topographic and magnetic highs, located 55 km south of the youngest subaerial volcano in the Executive Committee Range. We interpret the swarm events as deep long-period earthquakes based on their unusual frequency content. Such earthquakes occur beneath active volcanoes, are caused by deep magmatic activity and, in some cases, precede eruptions 8‐11 . We also use radar profiles to identify a prominent ash layer in the ice overlying the seismic swarm. Located at 1,400 m depth, the ash layer is about 8,000 years old and was probably sourced from the nearby Mount Waesche volcano. Together, these observations provide strong evidence for ongoing magmatic activity and demonstrate that volcanism continues to migrate southwards along the Executive Committee Range. Eruptions at this site are unlikely to penetrate the 1.2 to 2-km-thick overlying ice, but would generate large volumes of melt water that could significantly affect ice stream flow.
Fluctuations in motor output of a hand muscle can be altered by the mechanical properties of the position sensor

Fluctuations in motor output are typically quantified by the standard deviation (SD) of displacement or acceleration. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of a linear variable-displacement transducer (LVDT) on the SDs and spectral content of displacement and acceleration during steady isometric and anisometric contractions performed with the first dorsal interosseus muscle. Thirteen young adults supported six loads when performing position-holding and position-tracking tasks when the LVDT either was or was not attached to the index finger. The LVDT reduced the magnitude of the SDs in displacement and acceleration and disrupted the load-dependent modulation of the spectral properties of these signals. When the LVDT was not connected to the finger, the displacement SD was greatest during concentric contractions, the acceleration SD was greatest during eccentric contractions, and there were load-dependent changes in the power density spectra. Although the LVDT may be used for assessing relative changes in displacement, its ability to provide absolute measures of fluctuations in motor output is limited. The results provide baseline measures of the fluctuations in motor output during steady contractions with a hand muscle and how the method used to detect displacement alters these measures.
Experimenting with formal languages using forlan

We give an introduction to the Forlan formal language theory toolset, which was designed to facilitate sophisticated experimentation with formal languages. Forlan is embedded in the functional programming language Standard ML, a language whose notation and concepts are similar to those of mathematics. It is strongly typed and interactive, properties that help make experimentation robust, simple and enjoyable. We give an extended example of the kind of experimentation that Forlan makes possible. It involves the use of closure properties/algorithms for regular languages/finite automata and a "difference" function on strings of zeros and ones.
LIFE BEGINS AT THIRTY: TRAINING AND EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN THE PSYCHOLOGY OF AGING

Possibilities for employment opportunities related to aging are reviewed for four areas of professional psychology: clinical and counseling psychology, education, human factors engineering and ecological psychology, and teaching and research. Some reasons for the slow development of opportunities for employment in the field of psychology of aging are identified and discussed.
Oral health during pregnancy.

Objectives. To assess how obstetrician–gynecologists address oral health during pregnancy.Methods. Questionnaires were mailed to obstetrician–gynecologists in March 2008.Results. The response rate ...
The legacy of pipeline installation on the soil and vegetation of southeast Wisconsin wetlands

Abstract Installation of large-scale infrastructure, including pipelines, has the potential to damage soil and vegetation in wetlands within the path of construction by compacting soil, altering hydrology, decreasing plant diversity, and facilitating invasions of unwanted species. We sampled soil and vegetation in seven southeast Wisconsin wetlands eight years after they were crossed by a natural gas pipeline to compare areas inside and outside the pipeline corridor (land within 12 m of the pipe, where construction was permitted). Soils consistently showed evidence of compaction and hydrologic alteration. Across sites the pipeline corridor soil had 63% higher bulk density, 13% lower depth to refusal and 19% lower soil moisture ( P P Phalaris arundinacea and Glyceria maxima , vegetation either showed no change or positive changes in diversity and quality in the pipeline corridor. We suspect the net positive effects of pipeline installation on vegetation in some sites owes to (1) the presence of monotype-forming invasive species outside the pipeline corridor in those sites, (2) post-construction planting and subsequent maintenance-mowing of the pipeline corridor, and (3) colonization within the corridor by additional species (mostly upland species). However, our vegetation results do not undercut the overall negative impacts of pipeline installation on wetland soils, which were still observable eight years after construction. While soil might be the more consistent indicator of pipeline impacts in wetlands, the site-specific and sometimes-positive response of vegetation highlights (1) the need for better pre-construction surveys, so that impacts can be minimized at high-quality sites and (2) the potentially high return on post-construction planting and maintenance.
NetBump: user-extensible active queue management with bumps on the wire

Engineering large-scale data center applications built from thousands of commodity nodes requires both an underlying network that supports a wide variety of traffic demands, and low latency at microsecond timescales. Many ideas for adding innovative functionality to networks, especially active queue management strategies, require either modifying packets or performing alternative queuing to packets in-flight on the data plane. However, configuring packet queuing, marking, and dropping is challenging, since buffering in commercial switches and routers is not programmable. In this work, we present NetBump, a platform for experimenting with, evaluating, and deploying a wide variety of active queue management strategies to network data planes with minimal intrusiveness and at low latency. NetBump leaves existing switches and endhosts unmodified by acting as a “bump on the wire,” examining, marking, and forwarding packets at line rate in tens of microseconds to implement a variety of virtual active queuing disciplines and congestion control mechanisms. We describe the design of NetBump, and use it to implement several network functions and congestion control protocols including DCTCP and 802.1Qau quantized congestion notification.
Prospective relation of dieting behaviors to weight change in a community sample of adolescents

Although treatment studies suggest that weight loss programs do not have lasting effects, little research has examined the relation of dieting to weight change in prospective community studies, and none have done so with adolescents. This study examined the effects of dieting on body mass over a 9-month period within a community sample of adolescents (N = 396). Continuous measures of dieting behaviors predicted a relative increase in body mass (for males and females), whereas self-labeled dieting predicted decreased body mass (for females). Divergent findings resulted because self-labeled dieting reflected more extreme dietary efforts. Analyses also suggested that dieting was quadratically related to body mass, wherein low to moderate dieting predicted weight gain and extreme dieting predicted weight loss. Results highlight the importance of measurement issues and suggest that dieting only leads to weight loss for those adolescents employing extreme dietary behaviors.
Astronomy: Art of the eclipse

As the next solar eclipse approaches, Jay M. Pasachoff and Roberta J. M. Olson ponder how artists from the early Renaissance onwards have interpreted the phenomenon.
Extended Time-Dependent Hartree-Fock Approximation with Particle Collisions

We formulate an extended time-dependent Hartree-Fock approximation which includes particle collisions. As the configuration-space analog of the quantum Boltzmann equation, it can be utilized to study the dynamics of nuclear or other fermion systems when irreversible dissipation is present.
Changes in plasma hydrolase activities in hereditary and streptozotocin-induced diabetes

Abstract Reports of elevated plasma levels of acid hydrolases in diabetic patients prompted us to investigate these enzymes in genetically diabetic (db/db) mice and in streptozotocintreated rats and mice. The homozygous (db/db) mice showed decreased, rather than increased, levels of plasma hydrolases as compared to their heterozygous (db/+) nondiabetic controls. Similarly, mice (Swiss and db/+) with streptozotocin-induced diabetes showed lowered plasma hydrolase activities. On the other hand, drug-induced diabetes in rats was accompanied by increased hydrolase levels, the increase being reversed by insulin treatment. In investigating the underlying mechanism of the changes observed in rats, leukocytes and blood platelets were ruled out as sources of the additional plasma lysosomal enzymes, and evidence was obtained suggesting that the diabetic animal was normal in regard to the ability to remove lysosomal glycosidase from blood. However, perfusion of diabetic liver resulted in release of more acid hydrolase activity than did perfusion of normal liver, and perfusion with glucagon stimulated enzyme release. These results suggest that liver is a possible source of the added enzyme found in streptozotocin-treated rat plasma.
The effects of the theoretical formalism and data selection on mantle models derived from waveform tomography

Summary Most global tomographic models to date are derived using a combination of surface wave (or normal-mode) data and body wave traveltime data. The traveltime approach limits the number of phases available for inversion by requiring them to be isolated on the seismogram. This may ultimately result in limiting the resolution of 3-D structure, at least in some depth ranges in the mantle. In a previous study, we successfully derived a degree 12 whole-mantle SH-velocity tomographic model (SAW12D) using exclusively waveform data. In that inversion, a normal-mode formalism suitable for body waveforms, the non-linear asymptotic coupling theory (NACT), was combined with a body wave windowing scheme, referred to as the ‘individual wavepacket’ (IW) technique, which allows one to assign individual weights to different body wave energy packets. We here compare the relative merits of this choice of theoretical formalism and windowing scheme at different depth ranges in the mantle. Choosing as the reference a model obtained using 7500 transverse-component body wave and 8000 surface wave seismograms and the NACT and IW approaches, we discuss the relative performance of the path average approximation (PAVA), a zeroth-order theoretical approximation appropriate for single-mode surface waves, relative to NACT, and compare the IW windowing scheme with a more standard ‘full window’ (FW) approach, in which a single time window is considered from the first body wave arrival to the fundamental-mode surface waves. The combination PAVA/FW is often used in global tomography to supplement the traveltime data. We show that although the quality of the image derived under the PAVA/FW formalism is very similar to that derived under NACT/IW in the first 300 km of the upper mantle, where the resolution is dominated by surface waves, it deteriorates at greater depths. Images of the lower mantle are shown to be strongly sensitive to the theoretical formalism. In contrast, the resolution of structure near the core–mantle boundary depends mostly on the windowing scheme. This is because this resolution is controlled by low-amplitude phases such as Sdiff, which are downweighted in the FW scheme. Whilst the image obtained in D″ using the combination NACT/IW is in good agreement with images obtained by other authors using both waveforms and traveltimes, we show that, when using FW, uppermost mantle structure can be mapped into D″. This result is confirmed by synthetic tests performed on a composite of the upper-mantle geodynamic model 3SMAC. We also show, based on synthetic tests, that for structures in the upper mantle with sharp boundaries, differences are observed between NACT and PAVA. Whilst a combination of traveltimes and surface wave data is adequate for resolving relatively smooth features in the mantle, our results show that by potentially increasing the achievable sampling, the waveform approach shows great promise for future high-resolution tomographic modelling of mantle structure, if cast in an appropriate theoretical framework.
Interference and retrieval.

Retrieval was studied within the context of a retroactive inhibition paradigm to see if responses normally considered unavailable at recall could be recovered. The paradigm was A-B, A-C, with the design having two experimental groups each with a different amount of interpolated learning, and one control group. The retrieval method was 75 sec recall time for each item and retrieval instructions. Not all of the decrement was recovered by the retrieval technique, but the number of responses retrieved was more than double that obtained on a single trial at the A-B recall test.
Phylogeny, floral evolution, and inter-island dispersal in Hawaiian Clermontia (Campanulaceae) based on ISSR variation and plastid spacer sequences.

Previous studies based on DNA restriction-site and sequence variation have shown that the Hawaiian lobeliads are monophyletic and that the two largest genera, Cyanea and Clermontia, diverged from each other ca. 9.7 Mya. Sequence divergence among species of Clermontia is quite limited, however, and extensive hybridization is suspected, which has interfered with production of a well-resolved molecular phylogeny for the genus. Clermontia is of considerable interest because several species posses petal-like sepals, raising the question of whether such a homeotic mutation has arisen once or several times. In addition, morphological and molecular studies have implied different patterns of inter-island dispersal within the genus. Here we use nuclear ISSRs (inter-simple sequence repeat polymorphisms) and five plastid non-coding sequences to derive biparental and maternal phylogenies for Clermontia. Our findings imply that (1) Clermontia is not monophyletic, with Cl. pyrularia nested within Cyanea and apparently an intergeneric hybrid; (2) the earliest divergent clades within Clermontia are native to Kauai, then Oahu, then Maui, supporting the progression rule of dispersal down the chain toward progressively younger islands, although that rule is violated in later-evolving taxa in the ISSR tree; (3) almost no sequence divergence among several Clermontia species in 4.5 kb of rapidly evolving plastid DNA; (4) several apparent cases of hybridization/introgression or incomplete lineage sorting (i.e., Cl. oblongifolia, peleana, persicifolia, pyrularia, samuelii, tuberculata), based on extensive conflict between the ISSR and plastid phylogenies; and (5) two origins and two losses of petaloid sepals, or—perhaps more plausibly—a single origin and two losses of this homeotic mutation, with its introgression into Cl. persicifolia. Our phylogenies are better resolved and geographically more informative than others based on ITS and 5S-NTS sequences and nuclear SNPs, but agree with them in supporting Clermontia's origin on Kauai or some older island and dispersal down the chain subsequently.
Effects of storm direction and duration on infiltrating planar flow with partial coverage

Using kinematic wave equations analytical solutions are derived for flow resulting from a storm moving either up or down an infiltrating plane but not fully covering it. By comparing the flow resulting from this storm with that from a stationary storm of the same duration the influence of storm duration, direction and velocity is investigated. It is found that the direction of storm movement, duration and velocity of storms, as well as basin infiltration, have a pronounced effect on the discharge hydrograph. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isoxazole Moiety in the Linker Region of HDAC Inhibitors Adjacent to the Zn-chelating Group: Effects on HDAC Biology and Antiproliferative Activity

A series of hydroxamic acid based histone deacetylase inhibitors 6-15, containing an isoxazole moiety adjacent to the Zn-chelating hydroxamic acid, is reported herein. Some of these compounds showed nanomolar activity in the HDAC isoform inhibitory assay and exhibited micro molar inhibitory activity against five pancreatic cancer cell lines.
When Social Network Meets Mobile Device! - An Efficient and Collaborative Framework for Mobile Application

In the emergence of social network application and the thriving popularity of mobile device, it is worthy to investigate the applications that could leverage the advantage of these new technologies and the business value gained from such framework. In this paper, we will introduce the architecture of the framework first. Then we will take a paperless conference as an example to demonstrate how the framework/application works.
Guruitis: Epidemiology, causes, symptoms, and remediation

This article summarizes the current understanding of the condition known asguruitis. A general picture of the etiology, prognosis, and treatment of this illness is presented. Guruitis emerges as a multifactorial, nonlethal, widespread professional disease. The illness essentially involves the idealization of some professional figure who may have varying degrees of closeness with a larger theoretical base or orientation, but whose personal attributes interact with those of the potential victim, thus producing onset of the disease.
Mental disorders in childhood: shifting the focus from behavioral symptoms to neurodevelopmental trajectories.

The recent Global Burden of Disease Study reported on morbidity and mortality for 291 disorders and injuries across 187 countries.1 Expressed as “years lost to disability,” mental and substance abuse disorders accounted for nearly 23% of global morbidity, more than any other group of disorders.2 Although it may seem surprising that mental and substance abuse disorders would, by this measure, be more disabling than heart disease or cancer, at least part of the explanation is that mental and substance abuse disorders are more likely to arise early in life. In an earlier US population-based epidemiological study, 50% of adults with a mental disorder reported onset by 14 years or younger, 75% by 25 years or younger.3 In terms of burden of illness, mental and substance abuse disorders are, in fact, the predominant noncommunicable disorders of young people.
Recent progress in nickel carcinogenesis

Research on nickel carcinogenesis from 1979 to 1983 is reviewed. Epidemiological studies have strengthened the evidence that workers in nickel refineries have increased risks of lung and sinonasal cancers, but have not substantiated increased risks of respiratory cancers in other nickel‐exposed workers. Carcinogenesis bioassays have demonstrated carcinogenicity of certain nickel sulfide, hydroxide, selenide, arsenide, antimonide, and telluride compounds following parenteral administration to rodents. Positive bacterial mutagenesis tests have been obtained with Ni[II] in Cornybacterium, but not in E. coli, S. typhimurium, or B. subtilis. Transformation assays of several soluble and crystalline Ni compounds have been positive in Syrian hamster embryo cells. Ni[II] binds to DNA, RNA, and nucleoproteins, and becomes localized in nucleoli. Genotoxic effects of Ni include: (a) chromosomal aberrations, including sister‐chromatid exchanges, (b) DNA strandbreaks and DNA‐protein crosslinks, (c) inhibition of DNA an...
Parallel Analysis: a method for determining significant principal components

Numerous ecological studies use Principal Compo- nents Analysis (PCA) for exploratory analysis and data reduc- tion. Determination of the number of components to retain is the most crucial problem confronting the researcher when using PCA. An incorrect choice may lead to the underextraction of components, but commonly results in overextraction. Of several methods proposed to determine the significance of principal components, Parallel Analysis (PA) has proven con- sistently accurate in determining the threshold for significant components, variable loadings, and analytical statistics when decomposing a correlation matrix. In this procedure, eigen- values from a data set prior to rotation are compared with those from a matrix of random values of the same dimensionality (p variables and n samples). PCA eigenvalues from the data greater than PA eigenvalues from the corresponding random data can be retained. All components with eigenvalues below this threshold value should be considered spurious. We illus- trate Parallel Analysis on an environmental data set. We reviewed all articles utilizing PCA or Factor Analysis
Neutral-ionic transitions in organic mixed-stack compounds

Torrance et al. have made the interesting observation that several mixed-stack organic compounds undergo transitions from neutral states to ionic states as the temperature or pressure is varied. We examine a simple model of such transitions including Coulomb interaction and hybridization of neutral and ionic states. In the limit of weak hybridization and long-range repulsive interaction between ionic planes, it is proven that there is a complete devil's staircase where the degree of ionicity assumes an infinity of rational values. For attractive interactions between ionic planes, the neutral-ionic transition is shown to be first order for weak hybridization. Comparison with experiment indicates that this situation applies to tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) chloranil. For strong hybridization the transition is continuous but goes through a metallic phase. It is shown, for the first time, that the spectrum of the charge-transfer Hamiltonian contains both a bound spectrum, the observed charge-transfer excitations, and a continuum.
The Importance of Structure Coefficients in Structural Equation Modeling Confirmatory Factor Analysis

A general linear model (GLM) framework is employed to suggest that structure coefficients ought to be interpreted in structural equation modeling confinmatory factor analysis (CFA) studies in which factors are correlated. The computation of structure coefficients is explained. Two heuristic data sets are used to make the discussion concrete. The benefits from using CFA structure coefficients are illustrated using two additional studies.
On the design of optimal constrained dynamic compensators for linear constant systems

The design of linear time-invariant dynamic compensators of fixed dimensionality s , which are to be used for the regulation of an n th-order linear time-invariant plant, is dealt with. A modified quadratic cost criterion is employed in which a quadratic penalty on the system state as well as all compensator gains is used; the effects of the initial state are averaged out. The optimal compensator gains are specified by a set of simultaneous nonlinear matrix algebraic equations. The numerical solution of these equations would specify the gain matrices of the dynamic compensator. The proposed method may prove useful in the design of low-order s compensators for high-order n plants that have few r outputs, so that the dimension of the compensator is less than that obtained through the use of the associated Kalman-Bucy filter n or the Luenberger observer n - r .
Human Pharmacokinetics of a New Broad-Spectrum Parenteral Cephalosporin Antibiotic, Ceforanide

The pharmacokinetics of the l-lysine salt of ceforanide were studied after intravenous administration of 1132 and 2264 mg as 30-min constant-rate infusions and after intramuscular administration of 556 and 1132 mg. The peak intravenous plasma concentrations were 136 and 222 μg/ml at termination of infusion, and 12-hr trough concentrations were 5.9 and 9.0 μg/ml, respectively. The peak intramuscular plasma concentrations were 38 and 74 μg/ml at 1.0–1.3 hr after dosing, and 12-hr trough concentrations were 3.9 and 6.7 μg/ml, respectively. When 19 successive intravenous and intramuscular doses at these levels were administered at 12-hr intervals, there was no tendency toward drug accumulation. The major drug elimination route was urinary excretion; 85% of the dose was excreted unchanged in the urine within 12 hr, and no metabolites with antibiotic activity were observed in urine. The mean terminal plasma half-life was 2.98 hr, the mean plasma protein binding was 80.6%, the steady-state volume of distribution was 12 liters, the plasma clearance was 45.9 ml/min/1.73 m2, and the renal clearance was 34.9 ml/min/1.73 m2. The pharmacokinetic properties and antibacterial activity spectrum indicate that this antibiotic should be effective in treating human bacterial infections when administered at 12-hr intervals. It is presently under clinical investigation.
Production of Irritative and Destructive Changes in the Gastric Mucosa Followed by Regeneration.

Conclusions1. Changes in the gastric mucosa produced by continuous irritation are described.2. The sequence of events following irritation is compared in colon, small bowel, and stomach.3. The process of regeneration after superficial destruction of the mucosa is described and is offered as a possible simple explanation for the resistance of the stomach to auto-digestion.4. The possible implication of this mechanism in the pathogenesis of gastric ulceration is suggested.
A simpler, less expensive technique for delayed primary closure of fasciotomies.

Abstract A variety of techniques have recently been advanced for delayed primary closure of wounds following emergent fasciotomy for compartment syndrome. We introduce a very simple, effective method for gradual reapproximation of margins using daily reapplication of Steri-strips (3M Surgical Products, St. Paul, Minnesota). This method allows final closure of fasciotomy wounds with simple suture in 5–8 days without scar contractures, marginal necrosis, infection, or significant pain. Moreover, because it requires no specialized equipment and can be applied in skilled nursing centers or at home by trained nurses, this technique could reduce the cost of caring for fasciotomy patients.
Localized fluoride diffusion and defect equilibrium in CaF2:Eu3+ using site-selective spectroscopy and high-pressure techniques.

Crystals of Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$:${\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}$ were treated at high pressure and temperature in a diamond-anvil cell to produce a nonequilibrium distribution of the charge-compensating interstitial fluorides. The reequilibration dynamics were then studied by annealing the treated sample at normal pressure. The reequilibration of the fluorides spanned an 80\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} temperature range, which corresponds to a 0.34-eV range of diffusional activation energies based on a kinetic simulation of the experiment. Spectroscopic techniques were used to measure the major sites and several previously unreported minor defect clusters. The changes in the main sites correlate with changes in the minor clusters. A model for the distribution and properties of defects in Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$:Eu is proposed, and the implications of the model are discussed.
Clinical Management of Comorbid Diabetes and Psychotic Disorders

Individuals with psychotic disorders experience substantial health disparities with respect to diabetes, including increased risk of incident diabetes and of poor diabetes outcomes (eg, diabetes complications and mortality). Low-quality medical care for diabetes is a significant contributor to these poor health outcomes. A thoughtful approach to both diabetes pharmacotherapy and drug management for psychotic disorders is essential, irrespective of whether treatment is given by a psychiatrist, a primary care provider, or an endocrinologist. Exposure to drugs with high metabolic liability should be minimised, and both psychiatric providers and medical providers need to monitor patients to ensure that medical care for diabetes is adequate. Promising models of care management and team approaches to coordination and integration of care highlight the crucial need for communication and cooperation among medical and psychiatric providers to improve outcomes in these patients. Evidence-based programmes that promote weight loss or smoking cessation need to be more accessible for these patients, and should be available in all the settings where they access care.
Application and Development on Electric Power Facilities with Vibration Isolator to Control and Minimize the Mechanical Vibration

The principle and type and design essential and application fields of vibration isolator are put forward. At the same time, the application in Great-steam Generator sets and electric power facilities of transformer with vibration isolating device is prospective.
Intrinsic excitation in the rat neostriatum mediated by acetylcholine

Synaptic excitation elicited by local stimulation in neostriatal slices was found to be mediated by acetylcholine (ACh). The synapses generating this excitation belong to intrinsic neurons. Thus, for the first time, direct evidence for the existence of intrinsic excitatory cholinergic neurons in the neostriatum is provided.
Effect of Market Organization on Competitive Equilibrium

I. Introduction, 181. — II. The hypotheses, 183. — III. Subjects and experimental procedure, 184. — IV. Experimental results and classical tests of hypotheses, 187. — V. A. Bayesian subjective probability analysis, 197.— Appendix, 199.
Flue Gas Desulfurization Products as Sulfur Sources for Corn

Nitrogen deficiency in the soil often limits corn (Zea mays L.) production. Recently, S deficiency in several crops, including corn, has been observed. Little information is available, however, related to the interactive effects of N and S fertilization on corn growth and yield using modern corn hybrids. Field experiments were conducted from 2002 to 2005 to test corn response to seven rates (0-233 kg ha -1 ) of N and two rates (0 and 33 kg ha -1 ) of S applied to a silt loam soil at Wooster, OH. The S was applied as flue gas desulfurization (FGD) products and was primarily in the form of gypsum. Corn grain yields were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased by N fertilizer addition from 2003 to 2005. Sulfur addition also significantly increased the average yield of corn in 2002 and 2003. An N x S interaction for corn yield was observed in 2005. Sulfur application at 33 kg ha -1 significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased corn yield at the intermediate N rate of 133 kg ha -1 , and showed a general tendency to increase yield at lower N rates in 2004 and 2005. Nitrogen and S concentrations in corn grain were increased by application of 200 kg N ha -1 , and S concentration was increased by S application in 2005. These results suggest that application of S fertilizer, with N, can promote the uptake of N by corn in S-responsive soils. This will decrease the amount of N required for high-yield corn production and reduce production costs and degradation of water quality associated with oversupply of N.
Depth regulation of larval marine decapod crustaceans: test of an hypothesis

This study tested the hypothesis that the dimensions and symmetry of the depth regulatory window of crustacean larvae are controlled by the level of light adaptation. Responses of first and last zoeal stages of the crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould) to different rates of pressure change were analyzed with a video system. Crabs were collected from the Neuse River estuary (North Carolina, USA) from May to September 1988. Responses were measured when larvae were adapted to light having an angular light distribution similar to that underwater at intensities ranging from one log unit above the lower phototaxis threshold to four log units higher. For both zoeal stages in darkness and at 10-6 W m-2, the distance larvae descend before responding to a pressure increase was much shorter than the distance they would ascend before responding to a pressure decrease. When adapted to a light level of 10-4 W m-2 both zoeal stages descended and ascended approximately equal distances before responding to an increase or decrease in pressure, respectively. Finally at the highest test light intensity (10-2 W m-2), the ascent distance was much shorter than the descent distance. These results support the hypothesis. The depth regulatory window dimensions predict an ascent in the water column upon adaptation to low light intensities and descent at high light levels. Thus Sulkin's negative feedback model provides the general mechanism of depth regulation. The effects of light adaptation on the limits of the depth regulatory window provide an additional component that negates the requirement for depth regulation at an absolute depth. The composite model can be termed the light-dependent negative feedback model of depth regulation.
Physiological predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder

Studies have assessed relationships between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and physiological reactivity concurrently; fewer have assessed these relationships longitudinally. This study tests concurrent and prospective relationships between physiological reactivity (heart rate and skin conductance) to a monologue procedure and PTSD symptoms in female assault survivors, tested within 1 and 3 months posttrauma. After controlling for initial PTSD and peritraumatic dissociation, 3 measures of increased physiological reactivity to the trauma monologue at 1 month predicted 3-month PTSD reexperiencing severity. Additionally, increased heart rate following trauma and neutral monologues at 1 month was predictive of 3-month numbing symptoms. Implications for the prospective relationship between physiological reactivity to trauma cues and PTSD over time are discussed.
Electronic polarisabilities of ions in alkali halide crystals

Abstract Tessman, Kahn and Shockley calculated the electronic polarisabilities of ions in alkali halide crystals using the long wavelength limiting values of the visible light dielectric constants. We have recalculated these widely used polarisabilities using the more accurate room-temperature dielectric constant data of Lowndes and Martin and a better minimisation procedure of Pirenne and Kartheuser. We have also calculated for the first time the low temperature values of these polarisabilities. The computed values of the polarisability in A 3 are Li + 0·029, Na + 0·285, K + 1·149, Rb + 1·707, Cs + 2·789, F − 0·876, Cl − 3·005, Br − 4·168, I − 6·294 at 300°K and Li + 0·029, Na + 0·290, K + 1·133, Rb + 1·679, Cs + 2·743, F − 0·858, Cl − 2·947, Br − 4·091, I − 6·116 at 4°K. The relative standard deviations for all the alkali halides are 1·20 and 1·43 per cent at 300°K and 4°K respectively justifying the additive nature of the individual ion polarisabilities.
Control of negative inotropic vagal preganglionic neurons in the dog: synaptic interactions with substance P afferent terminals in the nucleus ambiguus?

Previous research from this laboratory has shown that substance P-immunoreactive (SP) terminals synapse upon negative chronotropic vagal preganglionic neurons (VPNs), but not upon negative dromotropic VPNs, of the ventrolateral nucleus ambiguus (NA-VL). Moreover, SP agonists injected into NA-VL cause bradycardia without decreasing AV conduction. In the current study, we have: (1) defined the electron microscopic characteristics of the SP neurons of NA-VL in dog; and (2) tested the hypothesis that SP nerve terminals synapse upon negative inotropic VPNs of NA-VL, retrogradely labeled from the cranial medial ventricular (CMV) ganglion. Numerous SP terminals and a few SP neurons were observed in the vicinity of retrogradely labeled neurons. SP terminals were observed forming synapses with unlabeled dendrites and with SP dendrites, but never with the retrogradely labeled neurons. Together, these results and earlier findings suggest that SP agonists may be able to induce bradycardia without decreasing AV conduction or ventricular contractility.
Effect of Focal Plane Array Cold Shield Aperture Size on Fourier Transform Infrared Micro-Imaging Spectrometer Performance

Micro-imaging spectrometers incorporating focal plane array (FPA) detection require careful demarcation of cold shield aperture size for both optimal performance and prevention of errors. This study examines the effects of changing the diameter of the cold shield aperture on the intensity and spatial homogeneity of the incident radiation. A uniform polystyrene film was repeatedly imaged by using cold shields of varying aperture sizes. It is shown that a smaller than optimal aperture size leads to image edge clipping, resulting in an inefficient use of the array, lower overall signal, spectral distortions, and higher noise characteristics. Use of an aperture size larger than required causes a decrease in the effective dynamic range of measurements, resulting in higher noise levels. The advantages and necessity of optimizing imaging spectrometer performance by employing a cold shield with an appropriately sized aperture are discussed.
Adaptive Link Power Control

Satellite system users attempt to minimize signal attenuation problems introduced by precipitation through the use of higher power level transmission in the absence of fading. Adaptive Link Power Control (ALPC) provides an alternate solution to this problem and better utilizes satellite resources. ALPC accomplishes this by monitoring received signal quality and automatically controlling the transmit power level for individual digital communication links; thereby compensating on a near-real-time basis for transmission path anomalies. In other words, ALPC allocates to each communication link only that power which is required to produce a predetermined signal quality at the receiving station regardless of the rapid or irregular onset of signal attenuation. This allocation of resources eliminates the need for a customary continuous transmission level of 6 dB above that which is required for clear-sky conditions. ALPC, therefore, lowers link power requirements and allows the satellite to handle more links, maintain more power in reserve, and automatically provide additional power upon demand.
Effects of eccentricity and order of vibration modes on the inelastic seismic response of 3D steel structures

In torsionally coupled buildings, the total response of the structure is the result of the translational displacement of the story's center of stiffness and the displacement due to the roof's rotation. In structures with high eccentricity, the effect of the floor’s rotation in the total response is considerable. The order of vibration modes is another important parameter that changes the contribution of the different translational and rotational modes in the total response. To explore the effects of eccentricity and the order of vibration modes on the total response, a number of 3-D steel moment-resistant frames with 4, 8, and 12 stories, with different eccentricities and plans, were considered. The structures were subjected to bidirectional seismic inputs so that their peak ground accelerations were scaled to 0.4g, 0.6g, and 0.8g. Increasing the eccentricity of the structure increases the participation of rotation in the total response. Furthermore, in torsionally flexible structures, where the first or second mode of vibration is a torsional mode, the contribution of the floor’s rotation can be even greater. In some cases, the displacement of exterior columns is primarily the result of the floor's rotation. This suggests that to efficiently dampen the seismic displacement of such structures, the rotational mode of the building should be controlled.
Soil-Geomorphic Analysis of Late-Pleistocene Glacial Sequences in the McGee, Pine, and Bishop Creek Drainages, East-Central Sierra Nevada, California

Late-Pleistocene glacial sequences at McGee, Pine, and Bishop creeks, in the east-central Sierra Nevada, are resolvable into distinct relative-age groups on the basis of soil development, the weathering of surface and subsurface clasts, and geomorphic criteria. The data differentiate moraines from Tioga and Tahoe glaciations at McGee Creek, and Tioga, Tahoe, and pre-Tahoe/post-Sherwin glaciations at Pine and Bishop creeks; no moraines from a Tenaya glaciation are differentiated by the data, perhaps because the soil-geomorphic methods are not sensitive enough to resolve small age differences between moraines. The lack of fine age resolution is probably due to a combination of factors, including (1) slow rates of soil development, (2) low amounts of atmospheric dust added to the soils, (3) the susceptibility of crest soils to erosion, and (4) the susceptibility of footslope soils to burial by colluvium. Age resolution is improved by evaluating soils at both the moraine crests and the relatively wetter footslope sites, and by basing age assignments on a combination of macro- and micromorphologic soil properties, the disintegration of subsurface clasts, and parameters of surface-clast weathering.
Color-coded tissue Doppler assessment of the effects of acute ischemia on regional left ventricular function: Comparison with sonomicrometry

Echocardiographic assessment of regional left ventricular (LV) function usually consists of subjective visual inspection of endocardial movement and wall thickening. Color-coded tissue Doppler (TD) is a potential means to quantify regional LV function more objectively. Accordingly, in this study, color-coded TD was used to assess the regional effects of acute ischemia in an open-chest canine model of coronary occlusion, with implanted sonomicrometry length crystals as a standard of reference. Eight dogs were studied during baseline conditions and during left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. Midventricular short-axis images were used to guide the color TD M-mode cursor through circumflex (septal) and left anterior descending (anterolateral) perfusion zones. Off-line conversion of endocardial time-velocity maps was performed. Peak systolic endocardial velocity by TD decreased from 4.4 +/- 1.4 cm/s to 1.8 +/- 1.5 cm/s with coronary occlusion (P < .05 versus baseline). Similar significant decreases in calculated systolic velocity by sonomicrometry occurred with ischemia from 11.1 +/- 3.8 mm/s to 8.2 +/- 1.2 mm/s (P < .05 versus baseline). Peak systolic velocity by TD was inversely correlated with end-systolic length by sonomicrometry as a measure of regional function (r = -0.77, P < .001). Time to peak systolic velocity increased with ischemia from 154 +/- 60 ms to 286 +/- 67 ms by TD and 200 +/- 60 ms to 320 +/- 30 ms by sonomicrometry (P < .05 versus baseline). The delay in time to peak systolic velocity by TD and sonomicrometry were correlated (r = 0.75, P < .001). In conclusion, color-coded TD echocardiography has the potential to quantify regional LV function during coronary ischemia.