cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sharing Logistics Information Across Organizations: Technology, Competition and Contracting

Information technology has altered the way companies manage their supply chains, and has resulted in a variety of new inter-organizational logistics management approaches. Many partners who are adjacent on the supply chain can both gain from sharing information that was previously accessible to only one of them; this situation is typical in retailer-supplier interactions. Our study analyzes these different kinds of virtually integrated corporations — independent companies which operate somewhat like a single vertically integrated firm — and classify them based on the impact that the information shared has on the contracting parties. We find that there are four primary levels at which firms can share information. We then investigate how competition and contracting affect the nature of value sharing at each of these levels. Our results indicate that retailers and other buyers can successfully contract to end up with more value than is generated by the sharing of information, and that if the possibility of information sharing exists, then suppliers will end up worse off than before. Using game-theoretic models of strategic interaction, we show that this effect intensifies as the competitive value of the information to the supplier increases — paradoxically, as the value generated by a supplier from information sharing increases, the supplier loses more and more value. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in order to extract the competitive value of information from a supplier, the buyer need not actually share the information; the possibility of sharing is sufficient, even when the buyer cannot create value from that information. We also analyze the effects of other factors such as technology costs and demand uncertainty on these information sharing contracts. Finally, we show that a critical predictor of the level of information sharing between companies is their relative positions on the supply chain, and that the drivers of the level chosen are relative bargaining power and potential agency costs.
Predicting Effects of Dead Zones on Stream Mixing

Longitudinal mixing in open-channel flow is described by two coupled partial differential equations, the solution of which, in the frequency domain, is a function of four parameters: mean residence time; Peclet number or dimensionless dispersion coefficient; fraction of stream volume which is dead zone; and mean residence time in a dead zone. The solution is given and methods of estimating the parameters from hydraulic data are described. The fraction of stream volume which is dead zone is a function of the friction factor, and the ratio of mean dead zone residence time to mean residence time in a reach is essentially a constant. The effects of errors in estimating values of the parameters are discussed and illustrated.
Sleep disorders and their management: Special considerations in the elderly

Complaints of insomnia and disordered sleep are pervasive among the elderly, and reduced total sleep time and changes in sleep architecture are considered to be normal in the aging process. Additionally, numerous medical and psychiatric disorders that are highly prevalent in the geriatric population are known to affect sleep adversely. Epidemiologic data indicate that at least 5 million older adults suffer severe disorders of sleep and that most people with severe insomnia receive no treatment for this troubling symptom. However, although the elderly comprise only about 12 percent of the American population, between 35 and 40 percent of all prescriptions for sedative hypnotics are written for people over the age of 60. Moreover, approximately 23 percent of Americans over age 85 reside in long-term care facilities, and institutionalization is an important risk factor for disordered sleep and for sedative hypnotic prescription. Consequently, the evaluation of any sedative hypnotic agent must include substantial assessment of efficacy, safety, and tolerance in geriatric patients.
Delayed onset of paralysis and slowed tumor growth following in situ placement of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 within spine tumors in a rat model of metastatic breast cancer: Presented at the 2011 Spine Section Meeting - Laboratory investigation

Object Recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins (rhBMPs) are FDA-approved for specific spinal fusion procedures, but their use is contraindicated in spine tumor resection beds because of an unclear interaction between tumor tissue and such growth factors. Interestingly, a number of studies have suggested that BMPs may slow the growth of adenocarcinomas in vitro, and these lesions represent the majority of bony spine tumors. In this study, the authors hypothesized that rhBMP-2 placed in an intraosseous spine tumor in the rat could suppress tumor and delay the onset of paresis in such animals. Methods Twenty-six female nude athymic rats were randomized into an experimental group (Group 1) or a positive control group (Group 2). Group 1 (tumor + 15 μg rhBMP-2 sponge, 13 rats) underwent transperitoneal exposure and implantation of breast adenocarcinoma (CRL-1666) into the L-6 spine segment, followed by the implantation of a bovine collagen sponge impregnated with 15 μg of rhBMP-2. Group 2 (tumor + 0.9% Na...
Rapid purification of intact tonofilaments from newborn rats: Comparison with glial filaments and neurofilaments

Abstract A rapid, new procedure for the isolation of intact tonofilaments from newborn rat skins is described. The filament preparations show two major protein subunits on SDS-PAGE with molecular weights of 58000 and 66000 D. An antiserum prepared against the 58000 D protein reacted specifically with the tonofilament preparation, but not with the protein subunits of neurofilaments, glial filaments, tubulin or actin. This specificity is confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence: anti-P58 reacts with the epidermis, whereas antisera against the neurofilament or glial filament proteins and anti-tubulin do not. These data suggest that epidermal filaments represent a class of intermediate filaments distinct from either glial filaments or neurofilaments.
On the mechanism of reaction of tert‐butoxyl radicals with dialkylphosphites

It has been shown by ESR spectroscopy that the title reaction involves abstraction of hydrogen from the phosphite, since at −10°C the reaction has a kinetic deuterium isotope effect, kH/kD, or ∼3. The rate constant for hydrogen abstraction is c. 2 × 104 M−1 s−1. There is no significant addition of alkoxyl radicals to the phosphite.
Biotin nutritional status of vegans, lactoovovegetarians, and nonvegetarians

Urinary excretion of biotin (total avidin-binding substances) was measured in adults and children who were adhering to one of the following self-selected diets: strict vegetarian (vegan), lactoovovegetarian, or mixed (containing meat and dairy products as well as plant-derived foods). In a subset of subjects, plasma biotin concentrations were also measured. In adults the biotin excretion rate was significantly greater in the vegan group than in either the lactoovovegetarian or the mixed-diet groups; the latter were not significantly different from one another. In children the biotin excretion rates in both the vegan group and the lactoovovegetarin group were significantly greater than in the mixed-diet group. A similar trend (vegan greater than lactoovovegetarian greater than mixed) was detected in the plasma concentrations of biotin of adults and children but differences were not generally statistically significant. These observations provide evidence that the biotin nutritional status of vegans is not impaired.
Auscultation of the heart in infants and children.

We have attempted to describe the auscultatory features of a variety of physiologic and pathologic states of infancy and childhood. The phonocardiogram has been used for illustrative purposes and, indeed, often proves invaluable in the demonstration of the subtleties of cardiovascular sounds. It is our hope, however, that this review will be of some use to the physician whose sole sound analyzing instrument is his brain, for we believe that the key to successful auscultation is an understanding of basic cardiac physiology and pathophysiology and that in a great majority of cases the configuration of sounds and murmurs on the phonocardiogram is fully predictable on the basis of the clinical examination.
G46 Arrived safely? Audit of documentation of successful transfer into adult care of young people attending adolescent rheumatology clinics

Background Concerns regarding the administrative transfer of information at the paediatric and adult interface have been raised by both patients and professionals alike. Although tracking mechanisms are recommended nationally, lapse of care at time of transfer is widely reported. This includes a previous departmental audit in 2007, which revealed potential lapse of care in 25% of transferred patients. Aims Our aim was to determine the success of transfer to adult care from a paediatric rheumatology service with a coordinated transitional care programme. Methods Retrospective case note review of all transferred patients from 2007–12 at a single UK hospital. Results Data collection revealed 152 patients were transferred to 35 adult rheumatologists with 90 patients discharged to primary care. Of patients transferred, the mean age at diagnosis was 10 years (1 –16) and mean age at transfer was 17 years (16–19). 64% (n = 97) were female and 26% (n = 39) were non-caucasian. 69% (n = 105) had Juvenile idiopathic arthritis and 59% (n = 89) were on a DMARD/biologic during transfer. 37% (n = 56) had a co-morbidity. The median (mean, range) duration between last paediatric and first adult appointment was 115 days (102, 0–457). Thirteen patients were lost to follow up, including 11 with inflammatory disease, 4 with co-morbidities, and 3 on DMARD/biologic. Successful transfer, defined by receipt of a letter from first adult appointment, occurred in 86% (n = 130) of cases, and receipt of a letter from second adult appointment occurred in 43% (n = 65) of cases. Seven were currently being transferred and not included. Referral letter, health summaries, and copy letters were sent to the adult team in 76% (n = 116) of cases, and copied to 41% (n = 63) of patients. Conclusions Although there has been an improvement in transfer organisation since the previous audit, there continues to be variation within a single paediatric rheumatology service with an established transitional care programme. Further attention to the administrative workload of transition and consistency of practice within teams is required to ensure equity and quality of transitional care within centres.
Bladder and Urethral Innervation in Multiple Sclerosis

Studies of neurogenic dysfunction of the bladder and urethra in multiple sclerosis have mainly been based on cystometry and sphincter electromyography (Bradley, Logothetis and Timm, 1973). In recent years the technique of signal tracing in the nervous system has been applied to the delineation of impairment of the innervation of the detrusor muscle and urethra (Bradley, 1972). 52 patients with multiple sclerosis were studied utilising this new technique. The study showed impairment of the segmental innervation of the bladder and urethra in the majority of the patients with definite signs of impaired volitional control of the function of the pudendal motor nucleus. Thus evidence of demyelinating plaques in the lumbosacral cord was detected with the technique.
THE EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION UPON OSMOREGULATION IN PARAMECIUM

Paramecium multimicronucleatum was irradiated with U.V. in solutions of differing osmotic pressures and ionic content. The rates of contraction and the diameters of the anterior contractile vacuoles were measured and changes in the volumes of solution entering the contractile vacuoles upon U.V. irradiation for paramecia maintained in solutions of differing ionic content were calculated. The volume of fluid entering the contractile vacuoles of paramecia irradiated (1) in standard balanced salt solution (SBSS) was regulated by a compensatory mechanism at lower U.V. doses but increased after relatively large U.V. doses; (2) in distilled water, increased after much smaller U.V. doses; (3) in isotonic balanced salt solution, showed little change upon irradiation. Increased osmotic pressure (with added sucrose) was found to reduce u.v.-induced blistering of the pellicle, but in general U.V. damage was similar to that of paramecia in solutions of identical ionic content but lacking sucrose. Paramecia in SBSS with added sucrose to make it isomotic to the interior of the cell ruptured only after doses larger than for paramecia in SBSS lacking sucrose. Cell rupture of paramecia in solutions containing high CaCl2 concentrations generally occurred later than for those in SBSS. High KCI concentration (unbalanced salt solution) in the presence of high CaCl2 concentration provided some protection from U.V. irradiation to the paramecia. High NaCl concentration (unbalanced salt solution) in the presence of high CaCl2 concentration appeared to increase u.v. damage to paramecia. Paramecia were most resistant to u.v. irradiation, as judged by the above criteria, when present in balanced salt solution enriched with calcium, thus simulating pond water.
Using PageRank to infer user preferences

Recently, researchers have shown interest in the use of preference judgments for evaluation in IR literature. Although preference judgments have several advantages over absolute judgment, one of the major disadvantages is that the number of judgments needed increases polynomially as the number of documents in the pool increases. We propose a novel method using PageRank to minimize the number of judgments required to evaluate systems using preference judgments. We test the proposed hypotheses using the TREC 2004 to 2006 Terabyte dataset to show that it is possible to reduce the evaluation cost considerably. Further, we study the susceptibility of the methods due to assessor errors.
Randomized trial of pneumatic antishock garments in the prehospital management of penetrating abdominal injuries

Experimental data have suggested that pneumatic external counterpressure improves outcome in intra-abdominal hemorrhage by either a tamponade effect and/or elevation in central systemic blood pressure. As a result, the empiric use of the pneumatic antishock garment (PASG) has become a standard of care, even to the point where the device has been legislated as required equipment on emergency medical rescue vehicles. However, the effect of the PASG on intra-abdominal hemorrhage has not been evaluated in randomized clinical trials. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the PASG on the survival of hypotensive patients with penetrating abdominal injuries. During a 2 1/2-year period, 201 consecutive patients presenting with penetrating anterior abdominal injuries and an initial prehospital systolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or less were entered into the study. All prehospital care was delivered by the same municipal emergency medical services system, and all patients subsequently were transported to the same regional trauma facility. The patients were randomized into control and pneumatic external counterpressure groups by an alternate-day assignment of PASG use. The resulting study populations (control, n = 104; PASG, n = 97) were found to be well matched for survival probability indices, prehospital response and transport times, and the volume of IV fluids received. The results demonstrated no significant difference in the survival rates of the control and PASG treatment groups (81 of 104 vs 67 of 97). From these data we conclude that, contrary to previous claims, the PASG provides no significant advantage in improving survival in the urban prehospital management of penetrating abdominal injuries.
Initiation of DNA replication in eukaryotic chromosomes.

Our understanding of the process by which eukaryotes regulate initiation of DNA replication has made remarkable advances in the past few years, thanks in large part to the explosion of genetic and biochemical information on the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. At least three major concepts have emerged: 1) The sequence of molecular events that determines when replication begins and how frequently each replication site is used are conserved among most, if not all, eukaryotes; 2) specific replication origins are used in most, if not all, eukaryotes that consist of a flexible modular anatomy; and 3) epigenetic factors such as chromatin structure and nuclear organization determine which of many potential replication origins are used at different stages in animal development. Thus, the current state of our knowledge suggests a simple unifying concept-all eukaryotes utilize the same basic proteins and DNA sequences to initiate replication, but the metazoa can change both the number and locations of replication origins in response to the demands of animal development. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppls. 30/31:8-17, 1998.
A functionally characterized test set of human induced pluripotent stem cells

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) present exciting opportunities for studying development and for in vitro disease modeling. However, reported variability in the behavior of iPSCs has called their utility into question. We established a test set of 16 iPSC lines from seven individuals of varying age, sex and health status, and extensively characterized the lines with respect to pluripotency and the ability to terminally differentiate. Under standardized procedures in two independent laboratories, 13 of the iPSC lines gave rise to functional motor neurons with a range of efficiencies similar to that of human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Although three iPSC lines were resistant to neural differentiation, early neuralization rescued their performance. Therefore, all 16 iPSC lines passed a stringent test of differentiation capacity despite variations in karyotype and in the expression of early pluripotency markers and transgenes. This iPSC and ESC test set is a robust resource for those interested in the basic biology of stem cells and their applications.
Poisonous Honey or Pure Manna: The Eucharist and the Word in the “Beehive” of Marnix of Saint Aldegonde

With the publication of his Den Byencorf der H. Roomische Kercke (The Beehive of the Holy Roman Church) in 1569, the Netherlandic Calvinist Marnix of Saint Aldegonde launched a satirical attack onthe clergy, polity, and sacramental practice of Catholicism. Though the fame of the book and its author have been eclipsed, they were both well known during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuriesas shown by the frequency of publication. Marnix's task, in common with other sixteenth-century religious propagandists, was to communicate a theological message to a popular audience. The success of this effort depended on reaching across the separation between systematic theology and folk religiosity. The object was not original theology, nor even doctrinal subtleties, but the creativeuse of common terms to explain divergent schemes of basic dogma. Because the subject was more religious than theological, the separation between Latin and the vernacular cultures could be bridged by the use of metaphors common to both high and popular culture. In this, Marnix's work is distinguished by his use of the metaphors of beehive, honey, and manna to explain the differences between the Catholic Eucharist and the Calvinist Lord's Supper. The use of manna is not surprising as one would expect it to be a common image; however, the metaphors of hive and honey are less expected. While the former is clearly biblical in origin, the apiary metaphors are not. Thus, Marnix relies on the common sociocultural context of the beehive to instruct a popular Dutch audience in a fundamental difference between Calvinism and Catholicism. By identifying the Catholic host with polluted honey, Marnix defends the necessary presence of the Word for the Calvinist Lord's Supper, which he portrays as pure manna. Rather than feeding on the body of Christ, Marnix argues, the true Church feeds on the Word of God, which is present in the Calvinist wafer.
Cavity QED of nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond with nanopillar and deformed silica microsphere

Deformed silica microspheres are used to greatly enhance evanescent coupling between whispering gallery modes and nitrogen vacancy centers in a diamond nanopillar, overcoming the difficulty of short evanescent decay length of the composite cavity-QED system.
Long chain branched celluloses by mild trans-glycosidation

Abstract Cellulose dissolved in anhydrous dimethylacetamide (DMAc)/LiCl solution and treated with dialkylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) became highly branched and actually gained in molecular weight. The branching was thought to arise from the action of HF which is generated from the consumption of DAST. Subsequent experiments involving the direct addition of HF to anhydrous cellulose/DMAc/ LiCl produced highly branched materials with greater polydispersity and greater molecular weight than the starting cellulose. This branching was likely due to the well known reactivity of glycosyl fluoride endgroups. Although the mechanism is not new, the combination of homogeneous cellulose dissolution and low levels of HF under anhydrous conditions represents a novel method for synthesizing a new class of cellulose derivatives. The potential utility of this method for producing branched cellulose derivatives and blocky cellulosic copolymers is discussed.
Solute diffusion in associative copolymer solutions

Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching was used to study the diffusion of water-soluble solutes in aqueous solutions of an associative polymer, poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide)-g-poly(acrylic acid) (Pluronic−PAA). Above the critical micellization temperature (CMT), the Pluronic−PAA polymers form micellar aggregates that serve as cross-links for gelation of the polymer solution at these temperatures; the transition from no gel to complete gelation occurs over a 10 °C temperature range beginning at the CMT. The apparent diffusion coefficients of small hydrophobic fluorescent dyes decreased over the gel transition region as a portion of the dye present was immobilized within the hydrophobic cores of the micellelike aggregates, whose concentration increased with increasing temperature. A small effect on hydrophilic probes was observed in the transition region, but the diffusion characteristics once the gel was formed were those that would have been anticipated had there ...
Two year curricula in computer studies-implementing the guidelines

The intent of this paper is to describe an implementation of a curriculum computable with the recently established ACM Community and Junior College Career in Computer Programming Guidelines (the “Little” Report). The proposed curriculum consists of a two-year associate degree program in Computer and Information Studies containing four options, one of which is a career option for computer programmers. The programs are supported by a set of twenty-five one, two, and three credit courses. Those courses will be discussed in this report.
Does the orientation of a deformed nucleus play a role in J/ψ suppression?

Using a hadron-string cascade model, JPCIAE, we study the effect of the orientation of deformed nucleus on J/{psi} suppression in the central collision of uranium bombarding with uranium at 200A GeV/c. We find that the J/{psi} survival probability is much smaller if the major axes of both deformed nuclei are along the beam direction than if they are perpendicular to the beam direction.
Catalytic oxidation of methanol on Pd metal and oxide clusters at near-ambient temperatures.

Supported Pd clusters catalyze methanol oxidation to methyl formate with high turnover rates and >90% selectivity at near ambient temperatures (313 K). Metal clusters are much more reactive than PdO clusters and rates are inhibited by the reactant O2. These data suggest that ensembles of Pd metal atoms on surfaces nearly saturated with chemisorbed oxygen are required for kinetically-relevant C–H bond activation in chemisorbed methoxide intermediates. Pd metal surfaces become more reactive with increasing metal particle size. The higher coordination of surface atoms on larger clusters leads to more weakly-bound chemisorbed species and to a larger number of Pd metal ensembles available during steady-state catalysis. Chemisorbed oxygen removes H-atoms formed in C–H bond activation steps and inhibits methoxide decomposition and CO2 formation, two functions essential for the high turnover rates and methyl formate selectivities reported here.
Microcomputer applications in science

(1989). Microcomputer applications in science. Journal of Science Teacher Education: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 30-33.
Co-occurrence of schizophrenia and Treacher Collins syndrome

This is the first report of an individual with several congenital abnormalities, including those suggestive of Treacher Collins syndrome, and an atypical schizophrenic illness. Cytogenetic studies have failed to detect any recognizable chromosomal abnormality.
Self-monitoring in the treatment of diurnal bruxism

Abstract Although a variety of techniques have positive effects for the control of nocturnal bruxism, behavioral management of diurnal bruxism has been relatively neglected. This case of a 33-year-old woman with long term bruxism showed rapid control of daytime teeth clenching using a self-monitoring procedure. The self-report was supported by decreased masseter muscle tension.
Utilization of radioactive lipides by normal and hypophysectomized rats.

HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED rats were maintained in good condition for relatively long periods when purified rations containing either a relatively low or a moderately high amount of fat were fed ad libitum (Shaw and Greep, 1949). In the course of the above studies, it was observed that hypophysectomized rats fed the diet with the higher fat content appeared to be able to maintain themselves in somewhat sleeker condition than comparable animals fed the lower fat diet. However, the increases in body weight, the growth of the tail vertebrae, and the duration of survival were not affected by the fat content per se. Moreover, at autopsy, no appreciable difference in the total fat content of the carcasses of rats from the 2 diets was observed. Samuels, Reinecke and Bauman (1943) observed that hypophysectomized rats fed a semi-purified diet by stomach tube had a sufficiently high rate of fat retention as to suggest that, under the conditions
Equivalent Circuit Model for a Shaded-Pole Induction Motor: II. One Shading Coil with a Stepped Air Gap

The rotating coupled circuit equations for an induction motor with a nonuniform air gap and two stator windings at an arbitrary displacement angle are transformed to formulate d-q, forward-backward, and equivalent circuit models. The air gap is assumed to be a constant plus a second harmonic variation. Shaded-pole performance is simulated by setting the auxiliary winding voltage to zero and adding the effect of mmf and permeance harmonics. Comparisons between test data and model predictions show reasonably good correlation. The major difference between modeling the reluctance variation and using an average constantair gap is seen in the value of starting torque. For the motor simulated, modeling the variable air gap more than triples the calculated starting torque
Thermodynamics at finite deformation of an anisotropic elastic solid.

This article presents various thermodynamic relations of anisotropic elastic solids subjected to finite deformation caused by arbitrary stresses. They include the conversion relations between the adiabatic and isothermal values for the effective elastic stiffness coefficients, effective elastic compliance coefficients, effective Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio. Also expressed are the relations between the thermal-expansion coefficients at constant (Cauchy) stress and at constant thermodynamic (second Piola-Kirchhoff) stress and those between the specific heats at constant strain, at constant thermodynamic stress and at constant stress. Particular emphasis is given to the deformation of a specimen of orthotropic symmetry where the thermodynamic relations are expressed in a simple form readily applicable to engineering problems.
Risk Identification Using Structural Concepts: The Potential Carcinogenicity of Praziquantel

Abstract The potential of praziquantel (PZ) to induce cancers in rodents was evaluated using a structure-activity relational expert system (CASE/MULTICASE). The analyses indicated that based upon structural features PZ had the potential for being a "nongenotoxic" carcinogen. The potential risk to humans of nongenotoxic carcinogens is considered to be much less than that posed by "genotoxic" ones. Moreover, PZ has demonstrated therapeutic effectiveness against parasitic diseases that affect millions of individuals. Additionally, PZ was developed to replace antiparasitic agents which mere genotoxic rodent carcinogens. Thus, on balance, the beneficial effects of PZ appear to outweigh its potential for causing harm to humans.
Children's Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables: Do School Environment and Policies Affect Choices at School and Away from School?

School environment and policies may affect children's ability to make healthy food choices both at and away from school. Using data from the third School Nutrition Dietary Assessment Study conducted in 2005 we estimate the effect of environment and policies on children's fruit and vegetable intakes. We use an instrumental variable approach to control for the endogeneity of participation in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP). On an average school day, school lunch participants consume more fruits and vegetables, including relatively more at school and less away from school compared to nonparticipants. Meal policies had little effect on NSLP participation itself. Policies that restrict high fat milks or desserts and restrict the sale of competitive foods are associated with greater fruit and/or vegetable intake at school; some policies affected consumption at home as well. Copyright 2013, Oxford University Press.
Direct Observation of Localized Parallel Electric Fields in a Space Plasma

We report direct measurements of parallel electric fields related to particle acceleration in a collisionless space plasma. The electric field is that of a monotonic potential ramp localized to $\ensuremath{\sim}10\mathrm{debye}$ lengths along the magnetic field. Electrons accelerated by the parallel electric field are accompanied by intense electrostatic waves and nonlinear structures interpreted as electron phase-space holes.
The religious physician

In order to understand what it means to be a physician, we must, according to Dr. Edmund Pellegrino, analyze four words that capture the essence of the medical enterprise: profession, patient, compassion, and consent. The resultant model provides a rational and secular basis upon which the Jewish or Christian physician can then build an understanding of medicine in its peculiarly religious form. This religious form is likewise characterized by four words: vocation, neighbor, love, and covenant. An analysis of these words provides a model of and for the religious physician.
Exile, Homeland, and Milieu in the Oral Lore of Carpatho-Russian Jews

In her article "Exile, Homeland, and Milieu in the Oral Lore of Carpatho-Russian Jews" Ilana Rosen analyzes oral narratives of Central and East European Jewish communities. The Jewish people have spent most of their lifetime outside their promised land. Accordingly, their ethos, as reflected by holy teachings, expresses a yearning for a return to the holy land by divine agency once the nation is purified of its sins. In modern times, with the rise of nationalism, this creed changed into activist political Zionism, although traditional and conservative religious circles resisted this change. In the oral narratives of Central and East European Jewish communities, these dilemmas inevitably involve or touch upon those of living among other nations and communities. Therefore, in the oral lore of Jews of Carpatho-Russia in inter-war eastern Czechoslovakia (presently the western part of Ukraine), narratives about the life of Jews in exile present intricate and at times surprising notions about coping with the new political borders following World War I, the symbiotic yet stressful life with both Ruthenians and Hungarians, the abrupt ending of Jewish life in this area in World War II and the Holocaust, and its memory amongst contemporary Israelis coming from the region. Ilana Rosen, "Exile, Homeland, and Milieu in the Oral Lore of Carpatho-Russian Jews" page 2 of 10 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 11.1 (2009): Thematic Issue New Work in Holocaust Studies. Ed. Louise O. Vasvari and Steven Totosy de Zepetnek
Theory of $ (k\oplus l |q) $-dimensional supermanifolds

We define a new object which we call a \( (k\oplus l |q) \)-dimensional supermanifold or partially formal supermanifold. This manifold has q odd coordinates and k + l even coordinates with l of them taking only nilpotent values. We develop the theory of such supermanifolds using functorial approach. Such a theory is completely analogous to the theory of standard supermanifolds. Therefore the paper can be considered also as an introduction to supergeometry written in the language of functors. We list some cases when \( (k\oplus l |q) \)-dimensional supermanifolds appear naturally in physics and mathematics.
Intramolecular proton transfer in channelrhodopsins.

Channelrhodopsins serve as photoreceptors that control the motility behavior of green flagellate algae and act as light-gated ion channels when heterologously expressed in animal cells. Here, we report direct measurements of proton transfer from the retinylidene Schiff base in several channelrhodopsin variants expressed in HEK293 cells. A fast outward-directed current precedes the passive channel current that has the opposite direction at physiological holding potentials. This rapid charge movement occurs on the timescale of the M intermediate formation in microbial rhodopsins, including that for channelrhodopsin from Chlamydomonas augustae and its mutants, reported in this study. Mutant analysis showed that the glutamate residue corresponding to Asp85 in bacteriorhodopsin acts as the primary acceptor of the Schiff-base proton in low-efficiency channelrhodopsins. Another photoactive-site residue corresponding to Asp212 in bacteriorhodopsin serves as an alternative proton acceptor and plays a more important role in channel opening than the primary acceptor. In more efficient channelrhodopsins from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Mesostigma viride, and Platymonas (Tetraselmis) subcordiformis, the fast current was apparently absent. The inverse correlation of the outward proton transfer and channel activity is consistent with channel function evolving in channelrhodopsins at the expense of their capacity for active proton transport.
The vascular basis for acute renal failure in the rat. Preglomerular and postglomerular vasoconstriction

Myohemoglobinuric acute renal failure (ARF) was induced in dehydrated, salt-deficient, salt-loaded, and untreated rats by intramuscular injection of glycerol, and the renal vasculature was studied after 24 hours. Kidneys were prepared for examination by rapid freezing in vivo to -160 degrees C and freeze substitution in -80 degrees C alcohol, and by perfusion fixation with 1% glutaraldehyde in Ringer's solution at 120 mm Hg. Frozen kidneys were examined by light microscopy after paraffin and epoxy resin embedding. Techniques used in examining the perfusion-fixed kidneys were: (1) vascular injection with silicone rubber and clearing in glycerol, (2) electron microscopy, and (3) morphometric evaluation of lumen to wall area ratios of glomerular arterioles. Kidneys of all rats with ARF showed renal cortical arterial and glomerular arteriolar (afferent and efferent) vasoconstriction. The degree of constriction, estimated by lumen to wall ratios, correlated with the degree of azotemia (r = -0.71; P less than 0.001). Differences between all ARF groups and respective controls were highly significant (P less than 0.001). Vasoconstriction was maximal in the dehydrated group, intermediate in the untreated and Na-deficient rats, and lowest in the salt-loaded animals. Glomerular and peritubular capillaries were patent and free of endothelial swelling or thrombi. Glomerular basement membranes and epithelial foot processes showed no morphological alterations. The observations suggest that marked pre- and postglomerular vasoconstriction occurs in established myohemoglobinuric ARF, that it is related to azotemia, and that mechanical vascular obstruction does not play a major role in this experimental model.
The Nantucket Shoals Flux Experiment (NSFE79). Part I: A Basic Description of the Current and Temperature Variability

Abstract The Nantucket Shoals Flux Experiment (NSFE79) was conducted across the continental shelf and upper slope south of Nantucket from March 1979 to April 1980 to study the flow of shelf water from the Georges Bank/Gulf of Maine region into the Middle Atlantic Bight. The experiment included a moored array of current meters and bottom instrumentation deployed at six locations across the shelf and upper slope spanning a depth range from 46 to 810 m, and supporting hydrographic observations. A basic description of the moored current and temperature data is given here with an emphasis on the low-frequency variability. In the summer period (April–August) when the local vertical stratification reached a maximum due to increased surface heating and reduced wind mixing, the mean flow over the shelf at all instruments was primarily along 1ocal isobaths towards the west. The subtidal current fluctuations were coherent both horizontally and vertically over the shelf, but not with current fluctuations observed ove...
Two parabolic equations for propagation in layered poro-elastic media

Parabolic equation methods for fluid and elastic media are extended to layered poro-elastic media, including some shallow-water sediments. A previous parabolic equation solution for one model of range-independent poro-elastic media [Collins et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 98, 1645–1656 (1995)] does not produce accurate solutions for environments with multiple poro-elastic layers. First, a dependent-variable formulation for parabolic equations used with elastic media is generalized to layered poro-elastic media. An improvement in accuracy is obtained using a second dependent-variable formulation that conserves dependent variables across interfaces between horizontally stratified layers. Furthermore, this formulation expresses conditions at interfaces using no depth derivatives higher than first order. This feature should aid in treating range dependence because convenient matching across interfaces is possible with discretized derivatives of first order in contrast to second order.
Cross-Linkable Polyimide Membrane for Natural Gas Purification and Carbon Dioxide Plasticization Reduction

The ability of propanediol monoester cross-linkable (PDMC) polymer to effectively separate CO2 from CH4, and the polymer's stability against plasticization under high CO2 pressures, was investigated. The cross-linked PDMC membranes were found to have significantly higher CO2 permeability and slightly higher selectivity for the CO2/CH4 separation than the un-cross-linked PDMC membranes. Cross-linking temperature was found to have a significant impact on the permeation properties of the membranes. The PDMC membrane permeation results are compared with previous research that uses other cross-linking agents for CO2 plasticization resistance and found to offer an excellent balance between extent of cross-linking and tradeoff between mechanical and transport properties. The cross-linked membranes not only outperform the un-cross-linked membranes with their enhanced transport properties but also provide vastly superior plasticization resistance against aggressive CO2 steams. Un-cross-linked and cross-linked PDMC...
Group testing for consecutive positives

Strategies for adaptive and nonadaptive group testing are developed when the items are linearly ordered and the positive items form a consecutive subset of all items.
FAST/Polar Conjunction Study of Field-Aligned Auroral Acceleration and Corresponding Magnetotail Drivers

The discrete aurora results when energized electrons bombard the Earth's atmosphere at high latitudes. This paper examines the physical processes that can cause field-aligned acceleration of plasma particles in the auroral region. A data and theoretical study has been carried out to examine the acceleration mechanisms that operate in the auroral zone and to identity the magnetospheric drivers of these acceleration mechanisms. The observations used in the study were collected by the Fast Auroral SnapshoT (FAST) and Polar satellites when the two satellites were in approximate magnetic conjunction in the auroral region. During these events FAST was in the middle of the auroral zone and Polar was above the auroral zone in the near-Earth plasma sheet. Polar data was used to determine the conditions in the magnetotail at the time field-aligned acceleration was measured by FAST in the auroral zone. For each of the magnetotail drivers identified in the data study, the physics of field-aligned acceleration in the auroral region was examined using existing theoretical efforts and a long-system particle-in-cell simulation to model the magnetically connected region between the two satellites.
Quantitative investigation of matrices for diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectrometry

Abstract Five materials were investigated for use as diluent matrices for diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectrometry of powdered samples. DRIFT spectra of powdered carbazole dispersed in germanium, silicon, diamond, potassium chloride and a chalcogenide glass were compared. Three particle size ranges were investigated for five concentrations of carbazole ranging from 0.1–10%. The effects of particle size and refractive index of the matrix are discussed.
Synthesis of Polyethylene Containing a Terminal p-Methylstyrene Group: Metallocene-Mediated Ethylene Polymerization with a Consecutive Chain Transfer Reaction to p-Methylstyrene and Hydrogen

This paper discusses a novel polymerization process for preparing polyethylene having a terminal p-methylstyrene (p-MS) group. The chemistry involves metallocene-mediated ethylene polymerization in the presence of p-MS and hydrogen. Apparently, the reaction mechanism, including the copolymerization and chain transfer reactions, can be controlled with a favorable combination of metallocene catalyst and hydrogen concentration. Under some specific reaction conditions, the Cp2ZrCl2/MAO catalyst selectively forms PE with a terminal p-MS terminal group (PE-t-p-MS) via a consecutive chain transfer reaction to p-MS and then hydrogen. The catalyst activity increases with the hydrogen concentration, and the polymer molecular weight is inversely proportional to the p-MS concentration. In contrast, [C5Me4(SiMe2NtBu)]TiCl2/MAO initiates a copolymerization reaction between ethylene and p-MS, and hydrogen has little effect on the catalyst activity. The terminal p-MS unit at the PE chain end is a valuable reactive group ...
Marathon running: comparison of physical and psychosocial risks for men and women.

Physical and psychosocial risks of running and addiction were compared in a sample of female (n = 112) and male (n = 108) marathon runners. While female runners reported more pain in the knee, shin, hip, and heel, and more stress fractures, than the men, no injuries were significantly higher in women. Over 40% of both male and female subjects reported knee injury, making it the most common running injury reported. There were no significant differences in level of self esteem, anxiety, or running addiction between the two groups. There was, however, a significant relationship between level of negative addiction scores and two injuries: torn ligaments X2 (2,202) = 8.45, p less than .02, and hematuria X2 (2,202) = 11.31, p less than .005.
Microcomputer speed control of stepper motor

This paper describes the application of a microcomputer as a programmed speed control for a stepper motor. The microcomputer is used as a variable frequency square wave generator, and a digital driving circuit is designed to transform the square wave into a useful sequential driving waveform. The digital driving circuit, speed control program, and computation of motor speed are explained in detail.
Process intensification technologies in continuous biodiesel production

As an alternative fuel, biodiesel has been accepted because it is produced from renewable resources. There are some technical challenges facing biodiesel production via transesterification, which include long residence times, high operating cost and energy consumption, and low production efficiency. In recent years, studies on biodiesel synthesis have focused on development of process intensification technologies to resolve some of these issues. This contribution will present a brief review of some of technologies being developed and includes description of some of the types of novel reactors and relevant coupled reaction/separation processes. These technologies enhance reaction rate, reduce molar ratio of alcohol to oil and energy input by intensification of mass transfer and heat transfer and in situ product separation, thus achieve continuous product in a scalable unit. Some of these technologies have been commercialized successfully.
Ewing sarcoma ewsa protein regulates chondrogenesis of Meckel's cartilage through modulation of Sox9 in zebrafish.

Ewing sarcoma is the second most common skeletal (bone and cartilage) cancer in adolescents, and it is characterized by the expression of the aberrant chimeric fusion gene EWS/FLI1. Wild-type EWS has been proposed to play a role in mitosis, splicing and transcription. We have previously shown that EWS/FLI1 interacts with EWS, and it inhibits EWS activity in a dominant manner. Ewing sarcoma is a cancer that specifically develops in skeletal tissues, and although the above data suggests the significance of EWS, its role in chondrogenesis/skeletogenesis is not understood. To elucidate the function of EWS in skeletal development, we generated and analyzed a maternal zygotic (MZ) ewsa/ewsa line because the ewsa/wt and ewsa/ewsa zebrafish appeared to be normal and fertile. Compared with wt/wt, the Meckel’s cartilage of MZ ewsa/ewsa mutants had a higher number of craniofacial prehypertrophic chondrocytes that failed to mature into hypertrophic chondrocytes at 4 days post-fertilization (dpf). Ewsa interacted with Sox9, which is the master transcription factor for chondrogenesis. Sox9 target genes were either upregulated (ctgfa, ctgfb, col2a1a, and col2a1b) or downregulated (sox5, nog1, nog2, and bmp4) in MZ ewsa/ewsa embryos compared with the wt/wt zebrafish embryos. Among these Sox9 target genes, the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiment demonstrated that Ewsa directly binds to ctgfa and ctgfb loci. Consistently, immunohistochemistry showed that the Ctgf protein is upregulated in the Meckel’s cartilage of MZ ewsa/ewsa mutants. Together, we propose that Ewsa promotes the differentiation from prehypertrophic chondrocytes to hypertrophic chondrocytes of Meckel’s cartilage through inhibiting Sox9 binding site of the ctgf gene promoter. Because Ewing sarcoma specifically develops in skeletal tissue that is originating from chondrocytes, this new role of EWS may provide a potential molecular basis of its pathogenesis.
The importance of a "cliff" in depth avoidance by human infants.

(1978). The Importance of a “Cliff” in Depth Avoidance by Human Infants. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 98, No. 2, pp. 303-304.