cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Geometric matching algorithm for beam scanning

In this paper, we present an object recognition technique using scanline information. Objects are scanned using a small number of on/off light sensors. The times when the beams break and unbreak constrain the object's identity, position, and orientation. We study this type of sensor because they are inexpensive, compact, very precise, and insensitive to ambient light, and so well-adapted to manufacturing environments. The information provided by the sensor is very sparse however, consisting of isolated points on the object boundary without normal information. Conventional model-based matching techniques, such as the alignment method, take O(n 3 ) time for this problem. We describe an O(A + n) correspondence algorithm for objects with convex polygonal silhouettes, where n is the silhouette's complexity, and A is the total number of consistent edge pair matches for pairs of scanline points, which is O(n 2 ) in the worst case, but typically O(n). Our algorithm works also for non-convex objects, but the quantity A has a somewhat larger typical value, and a worst case value of O(n 3 ). The object's position and orientation can be easily computed given the correspondence information.
Associations of Mental, and Medical Illnesses With Against Medical Advice discharges: The National Hospital Discharge Survey, 1988–2006

This study examined the association of mental and medical illnesses with the odds for leaving against medical advice (AMA) in a national sample of adult patients who left general hospitals between 1988 and 2006. Leaving AMA was first examined as a function of year and mental illness. Multiple logistic regression analysis was then used to adjust for patient and hospital characteristics when associating mental and major medical diagnoses with AMA discharges. The results indicated that leaving AMA was most strongly associated with mental health problems. However, the impact of mental illness was attenuated after adjusting for medical illnesses, patient and hospital characteristics. The strongest predictors of AMA discharge included being self-pay, having Medicaid insurance, being young and male, and the regional location of the hospital (Northeast). When substance abuse conditions were excluded from the mental illness discharge diagnoses, mental illness had lower odds for leaving AMA. The results may be of value to clinicians, and hospital administrators in helping to profile and target patients at risk for treatment-compliance problems. Prospective primary data collection that would include patient, physician, and hospital variables is recommended.
Locally diagnostic phytoliths of wild rice (Zizania palustris L.) from Minnesota, USA: comparison to other wetland grasses and usefulness for archaeobotany and paleoecological reconstructions

Wild rice (Zizania spp.) is an important native grain of north-central North America, with spiritual and subsistence significance to many native peoples. Due to lack of suitable proxies, its past distribution and pattern of use are poorly known. This study demonstrates the diagnostic value of silica phytoliths from Z. palustris as a proxy tool to detect its past occurrence in a variety of paleoenvironmental and archaeological contexts. Our main findings are: 1) Dominant wetland grass species in Minnesota produce phytoliths distinct from Zizania phytoliths; 2) Closely related Leersia oryzoides produces a few Zizania-like phytolith morphotypes; however, these potential confusers can be identified based on 2-D and 3-D morphologies; 3) Z. palustris produces a wide variety of phytolith morphotypes, many of which are only found in certain parts of the plant (e.g., Inflorescence Type 1 from the spikelet); 4) Z. palustris produces 23 locally diagnostic phytolith morphotypes that can be used to determine the presence and abundance of wild rice in modern and paleo lake sediments; and 5) Wild rice phytolith Inflorescence Type 1 is the morphotype most likely to be observed in archaeological contexts, and may be unequivocally diagnostic for the genera Zizania.
Designs for evaluating the validity and accuracy of performance ratings

Abstract For many jobs, objective measures of performance are not available or are impractical to obtain, such that ratings are the sole source of information. Unfortunately, performance ratings are a distorted source of information. The multitrait-multimethod and person perception designs have been used to investigate the distortions in ratings. The purpose of using these research designs is to isolate the factors that distort the ratings and to use this knowledge to improve the quality of performance ratings. The goal of the present research was to develop a design that combined both the multitrait-multimethod and person perception designs. Each design was discussed, and examples were presented to illustrate that design. The combination design was used to isolate the influence of rater, ratee, and context factors on the quality of performance ratings. Future research was recommended to understand and utilize these factors to improve performance ratings.
Parental values, reinforcement, and young children's prosocial behavior: a longitudinal study.

ABSTRACT In this study, the authors assessed the relation of parental reinforcement and parental values to young children's prosocial behaviors. Parents' dyadic interactions with their 1- to 2-year-old children were videotaped in the home on two occasions approximately 6 months apart. The children also were videotaped playing with a peer at 3½ to 4½ years of age. Parental reinforcement of the children's prosocial behaviors was coded, as were the children's prosocial behaviors with their parents and the children's prosocial, defensive, and social behaviors with the peer. The frequency of girls' spontaneous prosocial behaviors decreased in the early years; modest consistency was observed for boys (but not girls) across the two parental sessions. No relation existed between the frequency of children's prosocial behaviors with their parents and their behaviors with peers. Both maternal and paternal valuing of compliance were negatively related to the mothers' use of reinforcement for children's spontaneous pr...
A preliminary double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study of baclofen effects in alcoholic smokers

Rationale There is presently no approved single treatment for dual alcohol and nicotine dependencies.
High affinity Ca2+ binding sites of calmodulin are critical for the regulation of myosin Ibeta motor function

We coexpressed myosin Ibeta heavy chain with three different calmodulin mutants in which the two Ca2+-binding sites of the two N-terminal domain (E12Q), C-terminal domain (E34Q), or all four sites (E1234Q) are mutated in order to define the importance of these Ca2+ binding sites to the regulation of myosin Ibeta. The calmodulin mutated at the two Ca2+ binding sites in N-terminal domain and C-terminal domain lost its lower affinity Ca2+ binding site and higher affinity Ca2+ binding site, respectively. We found that, based upon the change in the actin-activated ATPase activities and actin translocating activities, myosin Ibeta with E12Q calmodulin has the regulatory characteristics similar to myosin Ibeta containing wild-type calmodulin, while myosin Ibeta with E34Q or E1234Q calmodulin lose all Ca2+ regulation. While the increase in myosin Ibeta ATPase activity paralleled the dissociation of 1 mol of calmodulin from myosin Ibeta heavy chain for both wild type (above pCa 5) and E12Q calmodulin (above pCa 6), the Ca2+ level required for the inhibition of actin-translocating activity of myosin Ibeta was lower than that required for dissociation of calmodulin, suggesting that the conformational change induced by the binding of Ca2+ at the high affinity site but not the dissociation of calmodulin is critical for the inhibition of the motor activity. Our results suggest that the regulation of unconventional myosins by Ca2+ is directly mediated by the Ca2+ binding to calmodulin, and that the C-terminal pair of Ca2+-binding sites are critical for this regulation.
The Dielectric Constant and Electric Moment of some Amines

By using a heterodyne null-beat arrangement, the electric moments have been calculated and the following results obtained: methyl amine, $A=1.37\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, $\ensuremath{\mu}=0.99\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$; dimethyl amine, $A=1.22\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$; $\ensuremath{\mu}=0.90\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$; trimethyl amine, $A=1.19\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, $\ensuremath{\mu}=0.82\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$; ethylamine, $A=2.37\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$; $\ensuremath{\mu}=0.99\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$; diethyl amine, $A=2.59\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$; $\ensuremath{\mu}=0.90\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$; and triethyl amine, $A=2.90\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$; $\ensuremath{\mu}=0.82\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$.
Smoothing, splines and smoothing splines: their application in geomagnetism

Abstract We discuss the use of smoothing splines (SS) and least squares splines (LSS) in nonparametric regression on geomagnetic data. The distinction between smoothing splines and least squares splines is outlined, and it is suggested that in most cases the smoothing spline is, a preferable function estimate. However, when large data sets are involved, the smoothing spline may require a prohibitive amount of computation; the alternative often put forward when moderate or heavy smoothing is -desired is the least squares spline. This may not be capable of modeling the data adequately since the smoothness of the resulting function can be controlled only by the number and position of the knots. The computational efficiency of the least squares spline may be retained and its principal disadvantage overcome, by adding a penalty term in the square of the second derivative to the minimized functional. We call this modified form a penalized least squares spline, (denoted by PS throughout this work), and illustrate its use in the removal of secular trends in long observatory records of geomagnetic field components. We may compare the effects of smoothing splines, least squares splines, and penalized least squares splines by treating them as equivalent variable-kernel smoothers. As Silverman has shown, the kernel associated with the smoothing spline is symmetric and is highly localized with small negative sidelobes. The kernel for the least squares spline with the same fit to the data has large oscillatory sidelobes that extend far from the central region; it can be asymmetric even in the middle of the interval. For large numbers of data the penalized least squares spline can achieve essentially identical performance to that of a smoothing spline, but at a greatly reduced computational cost. The penalized spline estimation technique has potential widespread applicability in the analysis of geomagnetic and paleomagnetic data. It may be used for the removal of long term trends in data, when either the trend or the residual is of interest.
An unusual case of vascular dysplasia related to knee arthroscopy

Acquired or traumatic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) following arthroscopic surgery is a rare complication. This case presents a patient who developed symptoms suggestive of an AVF following arthroscopic partial menisectomy and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Evaluation and diagnostic procedures of choice as well as treatment alternatives are discussed herein.
Focal epithelial hyperplasia: report of two cases and review of literature.

The first cases of focal epithelial hyperplasia in Iran are reported. Clinical and histopathologic characteristics of the lesion are discussed.
Structure-function aspects of PstS in multi-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The increasing prevalence of multi-drug–resistant (MDR) strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa among critically ill humans is of significant concern. In the current study, we show that MDR clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa representing three distinct genotypes that display high virulence against intestinal epithelial cells, form novel appendage-like structures on their cell surfaces. These appendages contain PstS, an extracellular phosphate binding protein. Using anti-PstS antibodies, we determined that the PstS-rich appendages in MDR strains are involved in adherence to and disruption of the integrity of cultured intestinal epithelial cell monolayers. The outer surface–expressed PstS protein was also identified to be present in P. aeruginosa MPAO1, although to a lesser degree, and its role in conferring an adhesive and barrier disruptive phenotype against intestinal epithelial cells was confirmed using an isogenic ΔPstS mutant. Formation of the PstS rich appendages was induced during phosphate limitation and completely suppressed in phosphate-rich media. Injection of MDR strains directly into the intestinal tract of surgically injured mice, a known model of phosphate limitation, caused high mortality rates (60%–100%). Repletion of intestinal phosphate in this model completely prevented mortality. Finally, significantly less outer surface PstS was observed in the MPAO1 mutant ΔHxcR thus establishing a role for the alternative type II secretion system Hxc in outer surface PstS expression. Gene expression analysis performed by RT-PCR confirmed this finding and further demonstrated abundant expression of pstS analogous to pa5369, pstS analogous to pa0688/pa14–55410, and hxcX in MDR strains. Taken together, these studies provide evidence that outer surface PstS expression confers a highly virulent phenotype of MDR isolates against the intestinal epithelium that alters their adhesive and barrier disrupting properties against the intestinal epithelium.
RG flow in N = 1 discrete series☆

Abstract We analyze the neighborhoods of superconformal fixed points in the FQS discrete series through the use of composite operator perturbation theory and Landau-Ginsburg type effective lagrangians. In particular, we demonstrate the existence of spontaneous supersymmetry breaking in models with zero supersymmetry index, and argue for the existence of renormalizaton group flows which change the index.
Stability of asymmetrical phospholipid bilayers.

Abstract Instability of a phospholipid bilayer, which has an asymmetrical distribution with respect to Ca 2+ , pH and electric field in the solution, was investigated experimentally. It is deduced that the instability of the asymmetrical membrane is due to the difference in surface energy (surface potential) between the opposing sides of the phospholipid bilayer, and that the difference in ionization of one charge per molecule of the membrane between the two sides of the bilayer may produce the instability of the membrane. It was also observed that an acidic phospholipid membrane (phosphatidyl serine) becomes more unstable for the asymmetrical distribution with respect to the above environment than a neutral charged phospholipid membrane (phosphatidyl choline).
Mechanisms of lipoplex formation: dependence of the biological properties of transfection complexes on formulation procedures.

Phospholipid-DNA complexes were made of the cationic triester derivative of phosphatidylcholine, EDOPC (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-ethylphosphocholine), by varying conditions of complex formation, in particular, the rate and direction of mixing, as well as by changing the mode of dispersing the lipid (extrusion or vortexing). The biological effects of variations in the formulation procedure were assessed by measuring transfection activity and cell association in cultures of BHK cells. Formulation procedures generally had little effect on cell association, but had marked effects on transfection efficiency. Transfection varied from effectively nil to extremely efficient with what appeared to be modest changes in formulation procedure. Formulation procedures also had significant effects on average sizes and size distributions of lipoplexes as determined by dynamic light scattering. Among the four possibilities of rapid or slow mixing combined with the two possible directions of mixing, slow addition of DNA to lipid gave results that differed significantly from the other three modes. In the case of vortexed lipid, the latter procedure was much less satisfactory than the other three, whereas in the case of extruded lipid, it was the only mode that produced satisfactory transfection. The factors that determine the difference in lipoplex properties can be identified as both geometric and physical. The geometric factor has to do with the symmetries of the participating units. There are three physical factors that are critical: the difference in vesicle stability upon interaction with DNA, the time dependence of interdiffusion of the components relative to that of vesicle rupture, and difference in input concentrations. These factors determine lipoplex size and, as already also shown by others, lipoplex size influences transfection efficiency.
Comment on “propagation of ultrashort light pulses in a resonant medium”

Abstract Previous conclusions on the propagation of ultrashort light pulses in a resonant medium are found to be in error. There is no physical basis for rejecting the nd u and dn u solutions.
Internal variable modelling of wave propagation in laminates with nonlinearly elastic constituents

The phenomena of wave propagation normal to the layers of a periodically layered elastic media comprised of nonlinear elastic constituents is modeled by employing an internal variable theory. Using the model a fourth-order nonlinear partial differential equation is derived for the evolution of the mean displacement in the laminate; properties of the solutions of the relevant evolution equation are then studied both in a neighborhood of the precursor wave as well as in a neighborhood of a characteristic traveling with the main or composite wave speed.
The frictional and micromechanical effects of grain comminution in fault gouge from distinct element simulations

[1] Natural fault zones undergo pervasive grain comminution during faulting and shearing, producing progressive changes in fault gouge properties. We simulate the comminution process of quartz gouge using the distinct element method (DEM) to examine the influences of grain comminution and associated dynamic changes in grain characteristics on the frictional and micromechanical behavior of granular shear zones. Rounded and triangular grains are constructed from clusters of circular particles, connected by some breakable bonds, allowing for grain fracture and comminution. DEM experiments are conducted by shearing identical granular assemblages composed of either rounded or triangular grains of different strengths over a range of normal stresses from 5 to 100 MPa. The results show that grain comminution with strain changes the partitioning of different deformation mechanisms, mainly by changing grain shape and size. Grain comminution may decrease or increase gouge strength, depending on the direction and degree of change in grain shape. Increases in grain angularity lead to significant increases in frictional strength of fault gouges, while increases in grain elongation tend to decrease in frictional strength. The final strength results from the competition between strength reduction by fracturing and strength variation by changes in grain shape and grain size distribution. Our simulations also demonstrate that the intensity and probability of grain comminution in narrow grain size gouges is affected by shape, strength (e.g., due to mineralogy), and normal stress.
Hybrid LZW compression

The microgravity experiments to be implemented on Space Station Freedom generate gigabytes of PCM data daily. The limited bandwidth of the NASA Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) will require the images from these experiments to be compressed before they are transmitted to the ground control centers. The matrix of compression ratios required for these experiments suggest compression ratios of 2:1 for lossless coding and 2:1 to 6:1 for lossy predictive coding. Forthe Space Station program, it would be highly desirable to implement one baseline compression system which would meet both of these criteria. This paper presents a LZW (Lempel-Ziv-Welch) hybrid coding system which is adaptable to either mode of operation. The system has been designed to provide the scientist with control over the data-quality versus data-volume trade-off. This control may be made through the command and control system while an experiment is under way. This system also has the ability to compress interleaved telemtered data while operating in the lossless mode.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A portable fluorescence camera for testing surgical specimens in the operating room: description and early evaluation.

Purpose Clinical translation of novel optical probes requires testing of human specimens ex vivo to ensure efficacy. However, it may be difficult to remove human tissue from the operating room due to regulatory/privacy issues. Therefore, we designed a portable fluorescence camera to test targeted optical imaging probes on human specimens in the operating room.
Hypercube Architectures And Their Application To Signal Processing

Today's architectural challenge is to design processors for very large computations that take advantage of the cost savings of VLSI with large production volume parts. Using a Boolean hypercube interconnection of microprocessors is one approach that has been studied at Caltech. Many applications have been implemented and many architectural lessons have been learned. These are summarized and their indications of future directions are discussed.
Shared attentional resources for global and local motion processing

One of the most important aspects of visual attention is its flexibility; our attentional “window” can be tuned to different spatial scales, allowing us to perceive large-scale global patterns and local features effortlessly. We investigated whether the perception of global and local motion competes for a common attentional resource. Subjects viewed arrays of individual moving Gabors that group to produce a global motion percept when subjects attended globally. When subjects attended locally, on the other hand, they could identify the direction of individual uncrowded Gabors. Subjects were required to devote their attention toward either scale of motion or divide it between global and local scales. We measured direction discrimination as a function of the validity of a precue, which was varied in opposite directions for global and local motion such that when the precue was valid for global motion, it was invalid for local motion and vice versa. There was a trade-off between global and local motion thresholds, such that increasing the validity of precues at one spatial scale simultaneously reduced thresholds at that spatial scale but increased thresholds at the other spatial scale. In a second experiment, we found a similar pattern of results for static-oriented Gabors: Attending to local orientation information impaired the subjects’ ability to perceive globally defined orientation and vice versa. Thresholds were higher for orientation compared to motion, however, suggesting that motion discrimination in the first experiment was not driven by orientation information alone but by motion-specific processing. The results of these experiments demonstrate that a shared attentional resource flexibly moves between different spatial scales and allows for the perception of both local and global image features, whether these features are defined by motion or orientation.
Two- and three-dimensional visualization of the living cornea and ocular lens

This paper describes the visualization of the living cornea and the in-situ ocular lens. Laser scanning confocal microscopy of a freshly enucleated rabbit eye was performed to obtain two-dimensional optical sections. These optical sections were used to reconstruct the three-dimensional views of the cornea and ocular lens using the volume-rendering method. In the reflected light mode the cornea and the ocular lens are almost transparent and have extremely low contrast when observed in a normal light microscope. The images obtained with the confocal light microscope system shows submicron resolution in the image plane. The confocal light microscope provides high resolution, high contrast images of living ocular tissue. The image quality of the resulting confocal images rivals that obtained from electron microscope of fixed, stained, and coated tissue specimens. This paper demonstrates the quality of confocal microscope images and the feasibility of their three-dimensional reconstruction using computer volume-rendering techniques.
Right hemisphere speech perception revealed by amobarbital injection and electrical interference.

Objective: To investigate the right hemispheric speech perception capabilities of an adult right-handed patient with seizures. Methods: Consecutive, unilateral, intracarotid sodium amobarbital injections and left hemispheric electrical interference mapping were used to determine lateralization and localization of speech perception, measured as syllable discrimination. Results: Syllable discrimination remained intact after left and right intracarotid sodium amobarbital injections. Language otherwise strongly lateralized to the left hemisphere. Despite evidence of bilateral speech perception capabilities, electrical interference testing in the left posterior temporal lobe impaired syllable discrimination. Conclusions: The results suggest a functionally symmetric, parallel system in the adult brain with preferential use of left hemispheric pathways for speech perception.
Recombinant adenovirus co-expressing capsid proteins of two serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV): in vitro characterization and induction of neutralizing antibodies against FMDV in swine

Human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) has been evaluated as a novel gene delivery vector for the development of live-viral vaccines for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). In this study, we constructed an Ad5 vector co-expressing the capsid precursor proteins, P1, of FMD virus (FMDV) field strains A24 Cruzeiro and O1 Campos and examined the neutralizing antibody responses in swine after inoculation with the vector. To construct the Ad5 vector, a bicistronic expression cassette containing a cytomegalovirus promoter, the P1 coding sequence of FMDV A24, the internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) of FMDV A12, the P1 coding sequence of FMDV O1 Campos and the coding region of A12 3C protease was inserted into the E1 region of an E1/E3-deleted Ad5. The recombinant adenovirus, Ad5A24+O1, was generated by transfection of 293 cells with full-length pAd5A24+O1 recombinant plasmid DNA. The recombinant Ad5 co-expressed P1 of both A24 and O1 in infected 293 cells and P1 of both serotypes was processed to produce VP0, VP3, and VP1. We further demonstrated the formation of capsid protein complexes by co-precipitation of VP0, VP3, and VP1 with monoclonal antibodies against viral capsid proteins. Swine inoculated with Ad5A24+O1 generated neutralizing antibodies against both A24 and O1. However, the overall neutralizing antibody response was considerably lower than that induced by a commercial FMD vaccine or a monovalent Ad5-A24 vaccine.
Pannexin 1 channels link chemoattractant receptor signaling to local excitation and global inhibition responses at the front and back of polarized neutrophils.

Neutrophil chemotaxis requires excitatory signals at the front and inhibitory signals at the back of cells, which regulate cell migration in a chemotactic gradient field. We have previously shown that ATP release via pannexin 1 (PANX1) channels and autocrine stimulation of P2Y2 receptors contribute to the excitatory signals at the front. Here we show that PANX1 also contributes to the inhibitory signals at the back, namely by providing the ligand for A2A adenosine receptors. In resting neutrophils, we found that A2A receptors are uniformly distributed across the cell surface. In polarized cells, A2A receptors redistributed to the back where their stimulation triggered intracellular cAMP accumulation and protein kinase A (PKA) activation, which blocked chemoattractant receptor signaling. Inhibition of PANX1 blocked A2A receptor stimulation and cAMP accumulation in response to formyl peptide receptor stimulation. Treatments that blocked endogenous A2A receptor signaling impaired the polarization and migration of neutrophils in a chemotactic gradient field and resulted in enhanced ERK and p38 MAPK signaling in response to formyl peptide receptor stimulation. These findings suggest that chemoattractant receptors require PANX1 to trigger excitatory and inhibitory signals that synergize to fine-tune chemotactic responses at the front and back of neutrophils. PANX1 channels thus link local excitatory signals to the global inhibitory signals that orchestrate chemotaxis of neutrophils in gradient fields. Background: Chemotaxis requires excitatory and inhibitory signals at the front and back of cells. PANX1 and P2Y2 receptors provide local excitation at the front. Results: We found that PANX1 triggers A2A receptor activation and inhibits chemotactic signaling at the back. Conclusion: PANX1 thus integrates excitatory and inhibitory signals that regulate chemotaxis at the front and back of cells. Significance: These findings suggest new strategies to modulate neutrophil chemotaxis.
Hydrogen for fluorine exchange in C6F6 and C6F5H by monomeric [1,3,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2CeH: experimental and computational studies.

The net reaction of monomeric Cp‘2CeH [Cp‘ = 1,3,4-(Me3C)3(C5H2)] in C6D6 with C6F6 is Cp‘2CeF, H2, and tetrafluorobenzyne. The pentafluorophenylmetallocene, Cp‘2Ce(C6F5), is formed as an intermediate that decomposes slowly to Cp‘2CeF and C6F4 (tetrafluorobenzyne), and the latter is trapped by the solvent C6D6 as a [2+4] cycloadduct. In C6F5H, the final products are also Cp‘2CeF and H2, which are formed from the intermediates Cp‘2Ce(C6F5) and Cp‘2Ce(2,3,5,6-C6F4H) and from an unidentified metallocene of cerium and the [2+4] cycloadducts of tetra- and trifluorobenzyne with C6D6. The hydride, fluoride, and pentafluorophenylmetallocenes are isolated and characterized by X-ray crystallography. DFT(B3PW91) calculations have been used to explore the pathways leading to the observed products of the exergonic reactions. A key step is a H/F exchange reaction which transforms C6F6 and the cerium hydride into C6F5H and Cp‘2CeF. This reaction starts by an η1-F−C6F5 interaction, which serves as a hook. The reaction pr...
Should We Schedule Breast Surgery Based on a Woman's Menstrual Cycle?

: The timing of surgery of breast cancer patients has been reported to impact recurrence and survival. It is well known that surgical manipulation of tumor induces micrometastasis. During the menstrual cycle, profound hormonal changes occur affecting the local environment of the breast and breast cancer. A significant amount of scientific research now suggests that estrogen may establish an environment more likely to produce micrometastasis, and an immune system less likely to manage micrometastasis. Progesterone may protect against the effects of estrogen, leading to improved disease-free and overall survival during the luteal phase. The studies examining this association are conflicting, but claim a 30% advantage for those patients undergoing surgery during progesterone predominance. A solid prospective study examining this possible benefit has yet to be performed. Until then, no harm can come from scheduling patients for surgery during the early luteal phase, and these patients may actually have a significant improved survival over those whose tumors are excised during the follicular phase.
Economic models and process quality control

Quality is an important business strategy in the economic and technological environment of today. To achieve high product quality, it is important to take explicit account of the cost of quality, and to use this cost as another management control. A new direction for achieving a cost-effective quality management system is to design statistical process controls so as to directly incorporate quality costs. This paper discusses the major approaches to the economic design of statistical process controls, and compares several different model formulations. The practical implication of these techniques is stressed. In particular, two economic models of the chart are presented: a full economic model requiring a user-specified process and nine cost parameters, and a semi-economic model using five user-specified parameters. Both of these could serve as approaches to reducing the total cost of process control. Because of its simplicity in application the semi-economic model should gain greater acceptance by practitioners for the design of process control techniques.
Zinc Supplementation of Trout Diets: Tissue Indicators of Body Zinc Status

Abstract Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were fed one of three different diets, based either on fish meal, soybean meal, or egg white, containing varying levels of zinc. Several fish tissues were analyzed for zinc content after 202 d to determine if any tissue was a sensitive indicator of zinc status. Caudal fin and whole-body zinc levels of the fish were found to reflect the dietary levels of zinc. We observed a strong statistical correlation between whole-body zinc levels and the zinc concentration of the caudal fin (r = 0.89; P < 0.01). At the same time, we observed a negative correlation between whole-body iron concentration and whole-body zinc levels (r = 0.87; P < 0.01). A strong negative correlation also was observed between dietary zinc and whole-body iron (r = 0.95; P < 0.001). Our data indicate that caudal fin zinc concentrations are a good indicator of zinc status.
Majorana zero modes in a quantum Ising chain with longer-ranged interactions

A one-dimensional Ising model in a transverse field can be mapped onto a system of spinless fermions with $p$-wave superconductivity. In the weak-coupling BCS regime, it exhibits a zero-energy Majorana mode at each end of the chain. Here, we consider a variation of the model, which represents a superconductor with longer-ranged kinetic energy and pairing amplitudes, as is likely to occur in more realistic systems. It possesses a richer zero-temperature phase diagram and has several quantum phase transitions. From an exact solution of the model, we find that these phases can be classified according to the number of Majorana zero modes of an open chain: zero, one, or two at each end. The model possesses a multicritical point where phases with zero, one, and two Majorana end modes meet. The number of Majorana modes at each end of the chain is identical to the topological winding number of the Anderson pseudospin vector that describes the BCS Hamiltonian. The topological classification of the phases requires a unitary time-reversal symmetry to be present. When this symmetry is broken, only the number of Majorana end modes modulo 2 can be used to distinguish two phases. In one of the regimes, the wave functions of the two phase-shifted Majorana zero modes decay exponentially in space but in an oscillatory manner. The wavelength of oscillation is identical to that in the asymptotic connected spin-spin correlation of the $XY$ model in a transverse field, to which our model is dual.
128. Use of objective measures of motor function to differentiate olanzapine and risperidone

Most studies suggest that atypical neuroleptics are about equivalent in subjective measures of efficacy, extrapyramidal side effects, and tardive dyskinesia. We are comparing and contrasting the effects of olanzapine 5–20 mg/day and risperidone 2–8 mg/day in outpatients with schizophrenia. Our hypothesis is that risperidone will cause more hand force instability, tremor, and bradykinesia as compared to olanzapine on computerized objective measures because of its greater ex vivo D-2 receptor occupancy. Preliminary analysis (n 5 18 total) shows that the hand force instability prior to study initiation was 6.03 (3.3) for the risperidone group and 6.56 (5.4) for the olanzapine group. The hand force instability after two months of treatment reduced to 4.77 (2.1), 29% and 2.99 (0.9), 57%; respectively (F 5 4.125, p 5 0.05). Hand tremor changed 210.02db to 25.93db with risperidone treatment and 4.35db to 23.03db with olanzapine treatment. Examination of bradykinesia with measures of velocity scaling demonstrates a transition from 2.28 to 2.23 for risperidone treatment vs. 1.54 to 1.67 for olanzapine treatment. These data show that both risperidone and olanzapine improve hyperkinesia and bradykinesia when compared to their status prior to beginning the study. However, olanzapine treatment demonstrated more improvement in hyperkinesia measures, greater decrease in instability and tremor scores, and greater improvement in bradykinesia ie. increased velocity. We will discuss the implications of these data as well as our analysis of the larger 40 patient data set in this presentation.
Book, Film, and Video Reviews

Kupilikula: Governance and the Invisible Realm in Mozambique by Harry G. West. Chicago, IL, and London, UK: The University of Chicago Press, 2005.
Convection in a horizontal rectangular duct under constant and variable property formulations

Abstract The convective laminar flow through a horizontal rectangular duct, with significant buoyancy effects, has been investigated analytically and numerically, employing the constant property (CP) model and the variable property (VP) model. The duct has a finite heated region on the bottom and three-dimensional transport is studied. The CP model employs the Boussinesq approximations and uses properties evaluated at four different reference temperatures, i.e. the ambient temperature T 0 , the average temperature T f , the integrated average temperature T int , and the heat source temperature T h . In the VP model, the density and the transport properties are computed using the state equation of an ideal gas and power law correlations, respectively. Numerical results for temperature ratio ϵ , where ϵ =( T h − T 0 )/ T 0 , ranging from 0.033 to 2.33 are presented. The spanwise variation of the transport quantities is investigated in detail for the different models, and several interesting and important tends are obtained. These results will be of considerable value in model development for a wide variety of thermal systems and processes, where large changes in material properties are encountered.
Dissociated Effect of Nicotine on Pentagastrin-Stimulated Acid Secretion and Blood Flow in the Rat Stomach

Leung FW. Dissociated effect of nicotine on pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion and blood flow in the rat stomach. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994;29:782-785.Background: Knowledge of the effect of parenteral nicotine on physiologic gastric hyperemia is limited. This study examined the effect of intravenous nicotine on gastric hyperemia and acid secretion induced by pentagastrin. Methods: In starved, urethane-anesthetized rats, gastric corpus blood flow was monitored continuously in a localized area of the mucosa, using laser Doppler flowmetry. The tip of the laser Doppler flow probe was positioned against the mid-gastric corpus mucosa along the greater curvature. Intravenous nicotine (4 or 40 μg/kg/min) or vehicle was infused. Results: The gastric acid secretion stimulated by intravenous pentagastrin, 20 μg/kg/min, was completely inhibited by both doses of nicotine. In contrast to previous reports based on the clearance of weak bases for gastric mucosal blood flow measurement, neither dose of nicotine alter...
An experimental investigation into the probabilistic nature of dust explosions

ABSTRACT A dust explosion is a real hazard in any industry in which combustible materials are handled in powdered form and it is the very wide range of such materials which account for the wide-spread danger arising from such explosions. An approach, based on the concept that the probable frequency of the occurrence of a dust explosion is a statistical matter, is adopted. In the present paper the special problems involved In carrying out the experimental work are addressed and resolved. The effects of dust concentration and the temperature of the initiation surface (hot wire) upon the probability of occurrence of explosions have been examined experimentally. The results of the work are discussed and analyzed in view of the probability concept.
Empathy in history, empathizing with humanity

The Fragility of Empathy After the Holocaust. By Carolyn J. Dean. History in Transit: Experience, Identity, and Critical Theory. By Dominick LaCapra.
Providing source privacy in mobile ad hoc networks

Communication privacy is becoming an essential security requirement for mission critical communications and communication infrastructure protection. This is especially true for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) due to mobility of the communication nodes and the nature of wireless communications. Existing research in privacy-preserving communications can largely be divided into two categories: cryptosystem-based techniques and broadcasting-based techniques. The cryptosystem-based techniques include mix-based systems and secure multiparty computation-based systems, originating from mixnet and DC-net respectively. All mix-based approaches require a trusted third party to provide the mix and are not quite feasible in MANET. However, DC-net based approaches suffer from transmission collision problem that cannot be easily resolved practically. Broadcasting based schemes provide communication privacy by mixing the real messages with dummy packets so that it is infeasible for the adversaries to identify the real packets and track the message source. However, the transmission of dummy messages not only increases the energy consumption significantly, but also increases the network collisions and decreases the packet delivery ratio. In this paper, we first propose a novel unconditionally secure source anonymous message authentication scheme (SAMAS) that enables messages to be released without relying on any trusted third parties. While providing source privacy, the proposed scheme can also provide message content authenticity. We then propose a novel communication protocol for MANET that can ensure communication privacy of both communication parties and their end-to-end routing. The proposed protocol can be used for critical infrastructure protection and secure file sharing. The security analysis demonstrates that the proposed protocol is secure against various attacks. The theoretical analysis and simulation show that the proposed scheme is efficient and can ensure high message delivery ratio.
Longitudinal analysis of self-employment follow-through

(1990). Longitudinal analysis of self-employment follow-through. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 15-26.
Ethnobotany of the pacific Northwest Indian

The Pacific Northwest is one of the most heterogeneous areas of North America, considered in terms of topography and types of vegetation; the same holds for the uses of plants by Indians. A general discussion of the ethnobotany of the area will nevertheless be attempted in this paper. Because of the level of generality involved, it will not always be practical to indicate just which Indians used the particular plants being discussed. There will be more emphasis on foods than on other plant uses, and there will be a special emphasis on the Columbia-Fraser Plateau (8). Agriculture has been important for some years now, but originally none of the peoples of the Northwest cultivated any food plants. Interestingly enough, plant cultivation was not completely lacking; tobacco was raised by some groups (5).
Biomedical research competencies for osteopathic medical students

Background: Without systematic exposure to biomedical research concepts or applications, osteopathic medical students may be generally under-prepared to efficiently consume and effectively apply research and evidence-based medicine information in patient care. The academic literature suggests that although medical residents are increasingly expected to conduct research in their post graduate training specialties, they generally have limited understanding of research concepts.
Composition for conductor and audience: new uses for mobile devices in the concert hall

Composition for Conductor and Audience is an audience interaction piece first performed for an audience of over seventy-five people in June of 2011. The audience becomes the orchestra in this composition as they control different musical variables using the touchscreen surfaces on their personal mobile devices. To the authors' knowledge this is the first concert piece for bi-directional networked interactivity on audience-owned mobile devices to ever be performed. Audience members participated using the iOS / Android application 'Control', a generic solution for creating touchscreen interfaces written by the first author. Over twenty members of the audience participated in the performance, using their personal devices to match gestures made by the conductor with corresponding gestures on their mobile devices.
EMPIRICISM IN SCIENCE AND ETHICS

Certains philosophes affirment qu'il n'y a pas de difference significative entre science et ethique: les revendications morales sont utilisees dans beaucoup d'explications standardisees et les faits moraux ont un support empirique. Afin d'evaluer cette controverse, l'A. essaie d'elucider les conditions sous lesquelles n'importe quelle hypothese est significative au niveau d'explicatif
Extraction of finite state machines from transistor netlists by symbolic simulation

The paper describes a new technique for extracting clock level finite state machines (FSMs) from transistor netlists using symbolic simulation. The transistor netlist is preprocessed to produce a gate level representation of the netlist. Given specifications of the circuit clocking and input and output timing, simulation patterns are derived for a symbolic simulator. The result of the symbolic simulation and extraction process is the next state and output function of the equivalent FSM, represented as Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams. Compared to previous techniques, our extraction process yields an order of magnitude improvement in both space and time, is fully automated and can handle static storage structures and time multiplexed inputs and outputs.
Component, Assemblage, and Theme in Cultural Integration and Differentiation

THIS paper summarizes and compares the reactions to death of two Apache tribes known to be closely related historically and culturally. Similarities and differences are reviewed and analyzed for clues concerning the manner in which variation from a common pattern develops. Processes to which I give the terms selective emphasis, extension, intensification, combination, and placement are identified. An attempt is made to demonstrate that traits of a culture take on meanings and associations that align them with other cultural elements and that they tend to appear and exert their influence as clusters. Such a cluster or associated body of ideas, symbols, artifacts, and behavior called into play by a culturally significant event I term an assemblage.1 In this context the constituent elements or traits of an assemblage are viewed as its components, and attention is given to the question of the interrelations, stability, and persistence of aggregations of components. In an effort to see why intricate and highly patterned assemblages appear in some situations and not in others, the relationship between assemblages and important affirmations of the culture, called themes, is explored, and the relevance of the assemblage-themal analysis to cross-cultural study is considered.