cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low dose etodolac in rheumatoid arthritis: a review of early studies.

Short and longterm safety and efficacy of etodolac in a wide range of dosages in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are summarized. Data from 8 studies, one longterm (1 year) and 7 short term ( 80% of patients was 150 mg bid. In 6 of the 7 short term studies, dosages were fixed and ranged from 50 to 300 mg bid. Continuation rates and 4 efficacy measures (patients' and physicians' global assessments and numbers of painful and swollen joints) were assessed. The 1 year study enrolled 475 patients. Overall continuation rates for etodolac and aspirin were comparable, but more patients taking aspirin discontinued the study because of adverse events. Most patients given etodolac who discontinued treatment for lack of efficacy did so during the titration phase. Four of 236 patients received aspirin and none received etodolac developed ulcers. For patients continuing to take the study medication, improvement in efficacy variables in the etodolac group was comparable to that in the aspirin group. In the 7 short term studies, dose related improvement in patients' and physicians' global assessments and number of swollen joints was noted in the etodolac group compared with the placebo group; this improvement was statistically significant at dosages of > or = 200 mg bid. Pooled analysis showed the efficacy of etodolac at dosages of 300 mg bid to be similar to that of comparator drugs. These short and longterm studies show that etodolac in a wide range of dosages, starting at 200 mg bid, has clinical efficacy in the treatment of RA. It is significantly better tolerated than aspirin, and at doses of 300 mg bid, it is as effective as sulindac, aspirin, and piroxicam.
Measuring obstetric risks of prematurity: A preliminary analysis of neonatal death

With the increasing strain on obstetric services there is developing a need to identi’y those women in a population with the greatest risk of having an obstetric complication. The delineation of obstetric risks is essential both in planning of obstetric services and in the evaluation of their effectiveness. The major purpose of this paper is to explain a method that is being developed by the authors to identify the risks involved in prematurity and neonatal death. The data analyzed were collected for the period 1965 to 1966 in Rhode Island. There were 574 neonatal deaths and 1,142 live births analyzed. A binary multiple regression method was used with prematurity as the dependent variable. Nine independent risk variables were studied. Total Risk Scores were calculated for every woman in the study. This score was based on the probability values of the factors of the variables for each woman. The Total Risk Score proved to be a good predictor of neonatal mortality, especially for gravidity 2 + women.
Polarization Transfer in the \(D(\vec t,\vec n){}^4He\) Reaction

Measurements have been made of the neutron polarization from the \(D(\vec t,\vec n){}^4He\) reaction with polarized tritons1) incident. The neutron polarization was measured by means of a liquid helium neutron polarimeter2). The bulk of the data ware taken at a reaction angle of 0°. These results are shown in fig. 1, along with the predictions furnished by D. C. Dodder and G. M. Hale from their R-matrix analysis of the 5-nucleon system. The lack of agreement is surprising in view of the past successes of their parameterization. In fig. 2 an angular distribution of ky y′(θ) at 10.5 MeV is presented, again together with the Dodder-Hale prediction. Here there is at least qualitative agreement with the shape of the curve.
Mild Head Injury and Cognitive Deficit

The effect of mild head injury in 78 preschool children on their cognitive performance, especially reading ability, evaluated one year after injury and at 6.5 years of age was investigated at the Department of Neurosurgery, Auckland Hospital, New Zealand.
Perception and cognitive phenomenology

In this paper I consider the uses to which certain psychological phenomena—e.g. cases of seeing as, and linguistic understanding—are put in the debate about cognitive phenomenology. I argue that we need clear definitions of the terms ‘sensory phenomenology’ and ‘cognitive phenomenology’ in order to understand the import of these phenomena. I make a suggestion about the best way to define these key terms, and, in the light of it, show how one influential argument against cognitive phenomenology fails.
Assessing Inaccuracies in Automated Information Extraction of Breast Imaging Findings.

We previously identified breast imaging findings from radiology reports using an expert-based information extraction algorithm as part of the National Cancer Institute’s Population-based Research Optimizing Screening through Personalized Regimens (PROSPR) initiative. We validate this algorithm and assess inaccuracies in a different institutional setting. Mammography, ultrasound (US), and breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports of patients at an academic health system between 4/2013 and 6/2013 were included for analysis. Accuracy of automatically extracting imaging findings using an algorithm developed at a different institution compared to manual gold standard review is reported. Extraction errors are further categorized based on manual review. Precision and recall for extracting BI-RADS categories remain between 0.9 and 1.0, except for MRI (0.7). F measures for extracting other findings are 0.9 for non-mass enhancement (in MRI) and 0.8–0.9 for cysts (in MRI and US). Extracting breast imaging findings resulted in lowest accuracy for findings of calcification (range 0.4–0.6 in mammography) and asymmetric density (0.5–0.7 in mammography). Majority of errors for extracting imaging findings were due to qualifier-based errors, descriptors which indicate absence of findings, missed by automated extraction (e.g., “benign” calcifications). Our information extraction algorithm provides an effective approach to extracting some breast imaging findings for populating a breast screening registry. However, errors in information extraction when utilizing methods in new settings demonstrate that further work is necessary to extract information content from unstructured multi-institutional radiology reports.
Early Childhood Intervention

In this chapter, we use life-course theory and research to argue that childhood preventive interventions are useful for reducing future criminal involvement. First, we provide an overview of life-course and developmental criminology. Second, we discuss early childhood intervention programs aimed at very young children (ages 0–8) including home visitations, early childhood education, social skills training, and family support/parent training programs developed by scholars in education, medicine, public health, or psychology. Finally, costs and benefits of early childhood intervention are discussed and research recommendations for better understanding and preventing crime through targeting prenatal/early childhood periods are offered.
The Proliferation Of Nuclear Weapons: The New International System and the Middle East

Nuclear weapons entered the arena of international politics with the close of World War II. Although the ensuing Cold War passed without these weapons being used in combat, the post- Cold War world has introduced a new international system. As a result, many of the conditions that helped maintain nuclear peace during the Cold War have disappeared and risks of future proliferation and use of nuclear weapons have increased. This article examines the changes in the international system since the end of the Cold War and discusses the realist arguments for and against the proliferation of nuclear weapons. The author also focuses on the Middle East, the dynamics of which make the region a useful paradigm for assessing the risks posed by future proliferation to the international system.
Extending The Use And Effectiveness Of The Monopoly® Board Game As An In-Class Economic Simulation In The Introductory Financial Accounting Course

This paper extends the use of the Monopoly ® board game as an economic simulation exercise designed to reinforce an understanding of how the accounting cycle impacts the financial statements used to evaluate management performance. This extension adds elements of debt not previously utilized to allow for an introduction of the fundamentals of ratio analysis at a foundation level in financial accounting instruction. This extended approach uses the rules and strategies of a familiar board game to create a simulation of business and economic realities, which then becomes an effective, interactive, in-class financial accounting practice set. The unique combination of each player’s skill and luck provides for unlimited outcome possibilities, delivering an interpretive result that students can neither predict nor easily manipulate. This pedagogical approach serves to provide students with a sense of proprietorship in the activities of the instruction and fosters a competitive spirit to succeed in class activities that will ultimately be presented to the entire class. While the instructor surrenders a significant level of control in the class exercise, the uniqueness of each Monopoly ® team’s game results requires active engagement in-class and additional individual effort on the follow-up assignments outside the classroom. In the previous use of the Monopoly ® board game, the class activity provided a valuable parallel for reality in practicing the financial accounting cycle and emphasizing its use by external parties. Because of the dynamic sense of capturing the “real-time” aspect of the game into finished financial statements for analysis, students start to sense a greater appreciation for the role that accounting cycle activities play in business reporting and the assessment of operating results. Using the Monopoly ® board game in the first course in financial accounting tends to generate a higher level of competitive energy in the classroom experience, with more actively engaged students grasping the nature and purpose of the financial accounting system more quickly and actively than with other pedagogical approaches previously used. More recently, using Microsoft Excel to reflect the game results and present the financial statements has added to the robust learning experience achieved by incorporating the Monopoly ® board game.
Pattern of Industrial Growth in West Bengal during 1980–1991: Structural Demand and Agriculture–Industry Relations

Three trends in industrial development contribute to the industrial history of West Bengal during the 1980–1991 period—the continuation of a secular decline in terms of employment and value added i...
Graphene-Fiber-Based Supercapacitors Favor N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone/Ethyl Acetate as the Spinning Solvent/Coagulant Combination

One-dimensional flexible fiber supercapacitors (FSCs) have attracted great interest as promising energy-storage units that can be seamlessly incorporated into textiles via weaving, knitting, or braiding. The major challenges in this field are to develop tougher and more efficient FSCs with a relatively easy and scalable process. Here, we demonstrate a wet-spinning process to produce graphene oxide (GO) fibers from GO dispersions in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), with ethyl acetate as the coagulant. Upon chemical reduction of GO, the resulting NMP-based reduced GO (rGO) fibers (rGO@NMP-Fs) are twice as high in the surface area and toughness but comparable in tensile strength and conductivity as that of the water-based rGO fibers (rGO@H2O-Fs). When assembled into parallel FSCs, rGO@NMP-F-based supercapacitors (rGO@NMP-FSCs) offered a specific capacitance of 196.7 F cm–3 (147.5 mF cm–2), five times higher than that of rGO@H2O-F-based supercapacitors (rGO@H2O-FSCs) and also higher than most existing wet-spun r...
Seven years of aerosol scattering hygroscopic growth measurements from SGP: Factors influencing water uptake

Long-term measurements of changes in the aerosol scattering coefficient hygroscopic growth at the U.S. Department of Energy Southern Great Plains site provide information on the seasonal as well as size and chemical dependence of aerosol water uptake. Annual average sub-10 μm fRH values (the ratio of aerosol scattering at 85%/40% relative humidity (RH)) were 1.78 and 1.99 for the gamma and kappa fit algorithms, respectively. The study found higher growth rates in the winter and spring seasons that correlated with a high aerosol nitrate mass fraction. fRH exhibited strong, but differing, correlations with the scattering Angstrom exponent and backscatter fraction, two optical size-dependent parameters. The aerosol organic mass fraction had a strong influence on fRH. Increases in the organic mass fraction and absorption Angstrom exponent coincided with a decrease in fRH. Similarly, fRH declined with decreases in the aerosol single scatter albedo. Uncertainty analysis of the fit algorithms revealed high uncertainty at low scattering coefficients and increased uncertainty at high RH and fit parameters values.
Genetic test utilization and diagnostic yield in adult patients with neurological disorders

To determine the diagnostic yield of different genetic test modalities in adult patients with neurological disorders, we evaluated all adult patients seen for genetic diagnostic evaluation in the outpatient neurology practice at the University of Pennsylvania between January 2016 and April 2017 as part of the newly created Penn Neurogenetics Program. Subjects were identified through our electronic medical system as those evaluated by the Program's single clinical genetic counselor in that period. A total of 377 patients were evaluated by the Penn Neurogenetics Program in different settings and genetic testing recommended. Of those, 182 (48%) were seen in subspecialty clinic setting and 195 (52%) in a General Neurogenetics Clinic. Genetic testing was completed in over 80% of patients in whom it was recommended. The diagnostic yield was 32% across disease groups. Stratified by testing modality, the yield was highest with directed testing (50%) and array comparative genomic hybridization (45%), followed by gene panels and exome testing (25% each). In conclusion, genetic testing can be successfully requested in clinic in a large majority of adult patients. Age is not a limiting factor for a genetic diagnostic evaluation and the yield of clinical testing across phenotypes (almost 30%) is consistent with previous phenotype-focused or research-based studies. These results should inform the development of specific guidelines for clinical testing and serve as evidence to improve reimbursement by insurance payers.
The Greek Exodus from Egypt: Diaspora Politics and Emigration 1937–1962: Dalachanis, Angelos New York: Berghahn Books 288 pp., $130.00, ISBN 978-1-78533-447-4 Publication Date: April 2017

In this clear and well-researched book, Angelos Dalachanis investigates one key question: how did the Greeks in Egypt—one of Egypt's largest ethnic groups and one of the most vital segments of the ...
Thermodynamic Analysis on Interactions of Silicon Dioxide with Iridium During Module Reduction and Monitoring Treatment

The goal of this work was to understand the possible reactions between Ir and SiO2 contaminants in the presence of C (graphite insulation) and a cover gas for conditions representative of those for a module reduction and monitoring treatment at 1410 K. This treatment is for reduction of 238PuO2 fuel used in isotopic heat sources for space missions. A thermodynamic analysis has been performed for the relevant portions of the Ir-Si-C-O phase diagram using the CALPHAD method. The results show that over the range of relevant pressures of CO and CO2 in the argon cover gas, SiO2 is not stable in the presence of Ir. Levels of Si impurity dissolved in the iridium solid solution are expected to be up to 875 μg/g at or near the surface.
Insertional mutagenesis in mouse mammary tumorigenesis.

Over the past few years, several surprising discoveries have been made regarding cellular oncogenes which are activated in mouse mammary tumors. These genes provide a particularly good example of the theme of this volume: host cell oncogenes activated by insertion of proviral DNA. They belong especially to this group because most of them have been discovered by virtue of insertional activation, through the application of provirus tagging methods. Quite unexpectedly, what several mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) activated oncogenes have in common is that they appear to play key roles in early normal development. In this chapter, the properties of the genes, their products, and their role in embryogenesis will be reviewed (see also Nusse 1988a, b).
The Future of DNA Repair and Cancer Stem Cells

The existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), tumor-initiating cells (TICs) or cancer-initiating cells (CICs) has been a topic of hot debate in the field of cancer biology. The molecular mechanism(s) which this specific subpopulation of cells utilize to sustain themselves is currently under investigation. Recent studies demonstrate that CSCs express enhanced DNA repair mechanisms which can contribute to their ability to evade traditional cancer treatments. The following is a summary of the previous chapters presented in this text with an emphasis on the future of CSCs and their potential contribution to the development and identification of novel therapies and targets.
Localization in Noetherian Rings

When A is a left Noetherian ring with nilradical N, then there is a unitary subring B of A and ∑ a left denominator set in B such that Q, the ring of left fractions of B with respect to ∑ is left Artinian. Furthermore, for P = Q ⊗ B A, P is a flat right A-module of type FP such that M, a left A-module, is C(N)-torsion if and only if P ⊗ A M = 0. For the functors T = P ⊗ A (·): A mоd→ Q-mod and S = Hom Q (P,·): Q-mod→ A-mod, the natural transformation 1 → ST, M ↦ ST(M) is the localization of M in A-mod with respect to the torsion theory on A-mod corresponding to the multiplicative set C(N).
Energy Input from AGNs

Active galactic nuclei pump substantial amounts of energy into their surroundings, in several forms. The direct action of radiation pressure, radiative heating of surrounding gas, and kinetic energy input through jets and winds may all play a role in modifying the environments of AGNs. In this article, I review some of the important effects of these energy inputs.
The Neurochemical Effects of PCB Exposure are Age-Dependent

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are widespread, persistent environmental contaminants that have been associated with neurobehavioral and cognitive dysfunctions in perinatally-exposed humans (Chen et al. 1992; Jacobson et al. 1992) and deficits in learning and memory in perinatally-exposed laboratory rodents and non-human primates (Schantz et al. 1991). However, the underlying biochemical and physiological bases for these changes in behavior have not yet been determined.
Ophthalmic Manifestations of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome

ABSTRACTPosterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a condition of neurotoxicity that presents with a sudden onset of symptoms including headache, altered mental status, seizures, and vi...
CRISPRpic: Fast and precise analysis for CRISPR-induced mutations via prefixed index counting

Analysis of CRISPR-induced mutations at targeted loci can be achieved by PCR amplification followed by massively parallel sequencing. We developed a novel algorithm, called CRISPRpic, to analyze sequencing reads from CRISPR experiments via counting exact-matches and pattern-searching. Compared to other methods that are based on sequence alignment, CRISPRpic provides precise mutation calling and ultrafast analysis of sequencing results. The Python script for CRISPRpic is available at https://github.com/compbio/CRISPRpic.
CT and MRI Simulation for Radiation Planning

Simulation of the gynecologic cancer patient is a critical step in order to generate a high-quality radiation plan. Consideration must be given to not only the target area and nearby organs at risk but also the characteristics of the patient and the anticipated treatment machine’s capabilities and limitations. The degree of immobilization, reproducibility of setup, the ability to track organ motion, onboard imaging capabilities, patient body habitus, and overall patient health must all be considered. Below, we discuss these aspects of planning and review several techniques and devices that can be used for challenging clinical scenarios.
A Systematic Review and Qualitative Synthesis Resulting in a Typology of Elementary Classroom Movement Integration Interventions.

Movement integration (MI) involves infusing physical activity into normal classroom time. A wide range of MI interventions have succeeded in increasing children’s participation in physical activity. However, no previous research has attempted to unpack the various MI intervention approaches. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review, qualitatively analyze, and develop a typology of MI interventions conducted in primary/elementary school settings. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to identify published MI interventions. Irrelevant records were removed first by title, then by abstract, and finally by full texts of articles, resulting in 72 studies being retained for qualitative analysis. A deductive approach, using previous MI research as an a priori analytic framework, alongside inductive techniques were used to analyze the data. Four types of MI interventions were identified and labeled based on their design: student-driven, teacher-driven, researcher-teacher collaboration, and researcher-driven. Each type was further refined based on the MI strategies (movement breaks, active lessons, other: opening activity, transitions, reward, awareness), the level of intrapersonal and institutional support (training, resources), and the delivery (dose, intensity, type, fidelity). Nearly half of the interventions were researcher-driven, which may undermine the sustainability of MI as a routine practice by teachers in schools. An imbalance is evident on the MI strategies, with transitions, opening and awareness activities, and rewards being limitedly studied. Delivery should be further examined with a strong focus on reporting fidelity. There are distinct approaches that are most often employed to promote the use of MI and these approaches may often lack a minimum standard for reporting MI intervention details. This typology may be useful to effectively translate the evidence into practice in real-life settings to better understand and study MI interventions.
Cost-effectiveness of surgical comanagement: A systematic review.

Abstract Objective To determine the impact of surgical comanagement programs on healthcare system costs. Background With increasing emphasis on multidisciplinary care, surgical comanagement programs are increasing in popularity. However, the overall cost-effectiveness of these programs has yet to be evaluated. Methods Pubmed, Scopus, and Cochrane were systematically searched for studies that reported on cost outcomes after implementation of a surgical comanagement program. Data points extracted included study design details, cost outcomes, complication rates, duration of hospital stay, hospital volume changes, patient satisfaction, mortality, and overall multidisciplinary care recommendation. Results A total of 8 studies were included. Five of the 8 studies reported cost savings, with an average savings of $4132 per patient. Three of the 8 studies reported increases in costs, with an average increase of $11,128 per patient. Seven of the 8 studies reported decreases in length-of-stay, with an average decrease of 1.29 days. Conclusions Surgical comanagement programs have had mixed results on overall hospital costs, but cost saving interventions do not sacrifice the quality of patient care delivered.
Theory-based Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with large eddy simulation capability for separated turbulent flow simulations

The prediction and investigation of very high Reynolds number turbulent wall flows pose a significant challenge: experimental studies and large eddy simulation (LES) are often inapplicable to these flows, and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) methods often fail to characterize the essential flow characteristics, in particular, for separated flows. These facts explain the need for the development of hybrid RANS-LES methods. The predominant approach to deal with this question is the combination of RANS and LES equation elements. This often implies shortcomings in simulations: the lack of control of modeled and resolved motions, which are involved in hybrid simulations, can lead to inconsistencies and imbalances. A novel approach based on a theoretical solution to the latter problem (referred to as continuous eddy simulation method) is investigated here via simulations of periodic hill flows (involving flow separation and reattachment) for a range of very high Reynolds numbers. We study the mechanism and simulation performance of these new hybrid methods. The results presented demonstrate their excellent performance and advantages to differently designed hybrid methods. We also consider the reliability of flow predictions for which data for model validation are unavailable. Criteria for the reliability of such hybrid simulations are suggested. It is shown that the new hybrid method satisfy these criteria for reliable flow predictions. The results indicate the existence of an asymptotic flow regime far above Reynolds numbers that can be realized in experimental studies and resolved LES.
Examining Senior Drivers' Attitudes Toward Advanced Driver Assistance Systems After Naturalistic Exposure.

Background and objectives The increasing number of senior drivers may introduce new road risks due to age-related declines in physical and cognitive abilities. Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) have been proposed as solutions to minimize age-related declines, thereby increasing both senior safety and mobility. This study examined factors that influence seniors' attitudes toward adopting ADAS after significant exposure to the technology in naturalistic settings. Research design and methods This study recruited 18 senior drivers aged 70-79 to drive vehicles equipped with ADAS for 6 weeks in their own environments. Afterward, each participant was enrolled in 1 of the 3 focus group sessions to discuss their changes in attitude toward ADAS based on their driving experiences. We applied structural topic modeling (STM) on the focus group transcripts to reveal key topics deemed important to seniors. Results STM revealed 5 topics of importance for seniors. In order of prevalence, these were (i) safety, (ii) confidence concerning ADAS, (iii) ADAS functionality, (iv) user interface/usability, and (v) non-ADAS-related features. Based on topics and associated keywords, seniors perceived safety improvement with ADAS but expressed concerns about its limitations in coping with adverse driving conditions. Experience and training were suggested for improving seniors' confidence in ADAS. Blind spot alert and adaptive cruise control received the most discussion regarding perceived safety and comfort. Discussion and implications This study indicated that promoting road safety for senior drivers through ADAS is feasible. Acceptance and appropriate use of ADAS may be supported through intuitive and senior-friendly user interfaces, in-depth training programs, and owner's manuals specifically designed and tested for senior drivers.
Exploring Predictors of Treatment Engagement in Urban Integrated Primary Care.

Objective Integrated primary care (IPC) is intended to address the gap in access to behavioral health care. This may be particularly true in urban settings; however, there is a paucity of research on treatment engagement in urban IPC. This study explored factors associated with treatment engagement. Method Data were collected via retrospective chart review for 410 patients of diverse backgrounds who received an IPC referral in an urban primary care site. Patient-related factors included having multiple types of referral concerns, patient primary care show rate, and number of visits with referring clinician. Service-related factors included referral type (warm handoff/ electronic), number of days between referral and intake, and average number of days between IPC treatment sessions. Engagement outcomes included attendance at IPC intake, total IPC sessions attended, overall IPC show rate, and IPC treatment attrition. Results Of referred patients, 348 (84.9%) were encouraged to or scheduled an intake. Of those, 289 (83.1%) scheduled and 57.2% attended; the average number of sessions attended was 1.73. Patients who had more primary care office visits and higher primary care show rates were more likely to attend an IPC intake. Shorter average duration between follow-up sessions was associated with higher overall IPC show rates for those who initiated IPC follow-up care. Conclusions Supporting engagement in primary care broadly and building scheduling capacity for IPC treatment may increase IPC service engagement in an urban primary care context.
The MEMIC: An ex vivo system to model the complexity of the tumor microenvironment

ABSTRACT There is an urgent need for accurate, scalable, and cost-efficient models of the complexity and heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment. Here, we detail how to fabricate and use the Metabolic Microenvironment Chamber (MEMIC) – a 3D-printed ex vivo model of intratumoral heterogeneity. A major driver of the cellular and molecular diversity in tumors is the accessibility to the blood stream that provides key resources such as oxygen and nutrients. While some tumor cells have direct access to these resources, many others must survive under progressively more ischemic environments as they reside further from the vasculature. The MEMIC is designed to simulate the differential access to nutrients and allows co-culturing different cell types, such as tumor and immune cells. This system is optimized for live imaging and other microscopy-based approaches and it is a powerful tool to study tumor features such as the effect of nutrient scarcity on tumor-stroma interactions. Due to its adaptable design and full experimental control, the MEMIC can provide novel insights into the tumor microenvironment that would be difficult to obtain via other methods. As a proof of principle, we show that cells can sense gradual changes in metabolite concentration, and tune intracellular cell signaling to form multicellular spatial patterns of cell proliferation. We also show that ischemic macrophages reduce epithelial features in neighboring tumor cells highlighting the power of this system to study cell-cell interactions and non-cell autonomous effects of the metabolic microenvironment. We propose that the MEMIC can be easily adapted to study early development, ischemic stroke, and other systems where multiple cell types interact within heterogeneous environments.
Event Mining Driven Context-Aware Personal Food Preference Modelling

A personal food model (PFM) is essential for high-quality food recommendation systems to enhance health and enjoyment. We can build such models using food logging platforms that capture the users’ food events. As proposed in the Westermann and Jain event model, capturing six facets of multi-modal data provides a holistic view of any event. Five of these facets are captured during the event (temporal, structural, informational, experiential, spatial), while the sixth facet is related to the causality of the event. This causal facet is needed to build a robust PFM if all the other relevant information in the aforementioned five facets are captured. Any food logger and subsequent processing should collect all this data in the food event. Ultimately, we want to know what caused this person to eat this food and what changes this food event causes in the person’s health state. In this paper, we identify details of the food event model that may help build a causal understanding in PFM to address the first aspect of the causality, what may be the contextual factors that cause a certain food event to occur for a user. We utilize an event mining approach to determine the causal relationships to build a contextual understanding of the PFM. We generate data using a food event simulator that can generate needed food event data for a person with known PFM. The event mining results uncover this hidden PFM and demonstrate the greater efficacy of this approach than a traditionally designed PFM.
Dental hygiene student attitudes about benefits of baccalaureate degree and factors impacting entry-level program choice.

Purpose/objectives Although the bachelor's degree is the entry-level degree option supported by the American Dental Hygienists' Association, the majority of dental hygiene programs remain associate degree. The aim of this study was to explore factors impacting entry-level program choice and examine attitudes and perceptions of dental hygiene students pertaining to a bachelor's degree (BS) as the entry-level degree. Methods A cross-sectional survey research design was utilized with a convenience sample of dental hygiene students (n = 429) from the United States and Canada. The 33-item survey had four sections: demographics, factors influencing program choice, attitudes, and perceptions of a BS. Descriptive and inferential analysis was used to explore the relationship between variables. Results The completion rate was 91% (n = 384). Factors that most influenced program choice included: location (74%), cost (68%), and time to completion (47.7%). Students with mothers who graduated from college were more likely to rank time to completion as their number one factor (37%) (χ2[df2] = 19.6, p Conclusion Cost, time to completion, and location were the factors influencing students' program choice. While the dental hygiene profession advocates raising the entry-level degree to a bachelor's programs, less than 40% of dental hygiene students supported this change.
The Impact of First and Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Comparative Analysis to Design Control Measures to Cope with Negative Effects of Future Infectious Diseases in Society

The goal of this study is a comparative analysis of the first and second wave of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to assess the impact on health of people for designing effective policy responses to constrain negative effects of future infectious diseases similar to COVID-19 in society. The research here focuses on a case study of Italy, one of the first countries to experience a rapid increase in numbers of COVID-19 related infected individuals and deaths. Statistical analyses, based on daily data from February 2020 to February 2021, suggest that the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy had a high negative impact on health of people over February-May 2020 that declined from June 2020 onwards. Second wave of COVID-19 pandemic started in August 2020, to February 2021, has a growing incidence of confirmed cases, whereas admissions to Intensive Care Units and total deaths have lower levels compared to first wave. Lessons learned from a comparative analysis between first and second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic can be generalized in similar geo-economic regions to support effective policy responses of crisis management to constrain the impact of recurring waves of COVID-19 pandemic and future infectious diseases on health of people.
Toward Reshaping the Syllabus for Education at Scale

Ensuring that students are fully informed about course content and policies is always a challenge, but online education at scale adds additional complications. In this paper we present observations about the place of the syllabus in education at scale, based on the actual syllabus documents from 48 courses in a Computer Science Master's degree program offered online and at scale. On the basis of these observations, we offer preliminary recommendations for factors that instructors should keep in mind when they compile a syllabus for similar courses.
Thrombocytopenia Associated with Increase in Disease Severity and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients

Introduction:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing novel COVID-19 is spreading all across the globe like wildfire. As was the case with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS) in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012, several hematological laboratory abnormalities have been identified. Several studies have reported prevalence and mechanism behind COVID-19 patients presenting with thrombocytopenia, however its association with disease severity and mortality is poorly understood. In this study we seek to investigate these clinical outcomes. Methods:Retrospective data on 7597 consecutive hospitalized patients with COVID-19 was recorded. Data included demographical information, comorbidities, admission laboratory markers, nadir platelet count and time to platelet nadir. Platelet count was categorized as grade 1 (150K-75,001), grade 2 (75K-50,001), grade 3 (50K-25,001), grade 4 (25K-10,001), and grade 5 ( Results:Of the 7,597 confirmed COVID-19 patients, 1,226 (16%) patients had some degree of thrombocytopenia (platelet count Conclusion:Thrombocytopenia is common among patient with COVID-19. We report prevalence of thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 patients to be comparable to other studies (16%). COVID-19 patients with thrombocytopenia were noted to be older compared to patients without thrombocytopenia (67 vs 60 years). As a result, this population may have other comorbidities that make them more vulnerable and susceptible to hematological abnormalities. As expected, most patients were categorized as grade 1 thrombocytopenia (88%) and very few patients had indication for platelet transfusion (grade 5 thrombocytopenia Download : Download high-res image (215KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Unsealing the Source: Scope of Practice for Radiopharmaceuticals/Unsealed Sources Among U.S. Radiation Oncologists.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) To survey the utilization, interest in, and barriers to implementation of radiopharmaceuticals/unsealed sources amongst U.S. radiation oncologists. MATERIALS/METHODS An anonymous, voluntary survey directed towards attending radiation oncologists was distributed via social media platforms (Twitter, LinkedIn, SDN, Facebook). Questions assessed practice characteristics, radiopharmaceutical prescribing patterns (Iodine-131, Radium-223, Yttrium-90, Sumarium-153, Strontium-89, Phosphorous-32, "other"), prescribing interest level, and perceived barriers to implementation. Non-parametric χ2 test was used for correlation statistics. RESULTS Of the 120 respondents, 112 practiced in the U.S and were included for this analysis. Years of practice was broadly distributed with 30% (n = 34) of attendings in practice > 10 years, 21% (n = 23) 6-10 years, 25% (n = 28) 3-5 years, and 24% (n = 27) 0-2 years. Practice type included academic-main site amongst 39% (n = 44), academic-satellite in 18% (n = 20), and private practice/other in 43% (n = 48) of attendings. Forty-four percent (n = 49) of attendings served populations of > 500K, 22% (n = 25) 200-500K, 25% (n = 28) 100-200K, and 9% (n = 10) 0.05) association was noted between practice type, practice location, years of practice, or practice volume with utilization of any radiopharmaceuticals/unsealed sources. The majority (55%, n = 61) of attending radiation oncologists responded they would like to actively prescribe more radiopharmaceuticals/unsealed sources, while 30% (n = 31) were indifferent and 18% (n = 20) answered "no." Perceived barriers to implementation were varied but broadly categorized into treatment infrastructure (43%, n = 48), interspecialty relations (42%, n = 47), lack of training (21%, n = 24), and financial considerations (17%, n = 19). CONCLUSION Almost half of surveyed U.S. radiation oncologists reported prescribing at least one radiopharmaceuticals/unsealed source, of which Ra-223 was the most common. The majority expressed interest in prescribing additional radiopharmaceuticals/unsealed sources. Wide-ranging barriers to implementation exist, most commonly interspecialty relations, treatment infrastructure, lack of training, and financial considerations.
Maternal diet disrupts the placenta-brain axis in a sex-specific manner

High maternal weight is associated with a number of detrimental outcomes in offspring, including increased susceptibility to neurological disorders such as anxiety, depression, and communicative disorders (e.g. autism spectrum disorders). Despite widespread acknowledgement of sex-biases in the prevalence, incidence, and age of onset of these disorders, few studies have investigated potential sex-biased mechanisms underlying disorder susceptibility. Here, we use a mouse model to demonstrate how maternal high-fat diet causes perinatal inflammation that influences sex-specific behavioral outcomes in offspring. In male high-fat diet offspring, increased macrophage toll like receptor 4 signaling results in excess phagocytosis of serotonin neurons in the developing dorsal raphe nucleus, decreasing serotonin bioavailability in the fetal and adult brain. Bulk sequencing from a large cohort of matched first trimester human fetal brain, placenta, and maternal decidua samples reveals sex-specific transcriptome-wide changes in placenta and brain tissue. Further, we find that fetal brain serotonin is significantly negatively correlated with maternal triglyceride accumulation (a proxy for dietary fat content) in male pregnancies only. These findings uncover a fundamental mechanism through which maternal diet may increase offspring susceptibility for neuropsychiatric disorder development.
Regulation of Protein Biosynthesis

Before embarking on a consideration of the regulation of protein bio-synthesis, it may be useful to examine the need for protein biosynthesis. Although the life process depends absolutely on structural and functional proteins, it seems reasonable to inquire why, once proteins and enzymes are synthesized, the system does not remain stable, requiring no further protein synthesis. The answer has been dealt with in Chapters 1, 2, and 3. Suffice it to say here that enzymes function by virtue of their conformability, using noncovalent forces that permit substrate binding and product release in addition to the catalytic action of making and breaking covalent bonds in the substrate. The details of this process are treated in Chapter 3. Because of this conformability, which depends on noncovalent forces, enzymes are subject to denaturation and consequent loss of function; hence, enzymes are semistable. The relatively delicate balance between form, functionality, and denaturation is maintained, on one hand, by the orderly process of enzyme biosynthesis, and, on the other, by degradation of denatured enzymes.
“Keep What You’ve Earned”: Encouraging Sailors to Drink Responsibly

The U.S. Navy contracted Booz Allen Hamilton, a strategy and technology consulting firm, to develop and implement a social marketing campaign to encourage Sailors to drink responsibly. The “Keep What You’ve Earned” campaign, launched in April 2013, aims to encourage Sailors to drink responsibly through the use of affirmative messaging, reminding them of all they have accomplished in their Navy careers. The primary product of the social marketing campaign is a mobile application game that combines role-playing with real-life tools to help encourage Sailors to drink responsibly. Navy leadership has indicated that the Keep What You’ve Earned campaign, in combination with other cultural and policy-related changes, contributed to a decline in the number of reported alcohol-related incidents.
We Don't Want Your Hand-Me-Downs: A Review of Title IX: Implications for Women in Sport and Education

This review examines the historical, political and legal inplications of the new documentary, Title IX: Implications for Women in Sport and Education, produced through a partnership between WBGU-PBS, Bowling Green State University, and the National Association for Girls and Women in Sport.
The Photoproduction of Lepton Pairs from Nuclei

It has been pointed out1,2) that in the photoproduction of electron pairs from hydrogen, a dramatic interference effect should be seen in the region where the invariant mass of the lepton pair is about equal to the mass of the omega mesons. This effect corresponds to interference between those processes which proceed via the photoproduction of a ρ meson which subsequently decays into the lepton pair, and those which proceed via the photoproductidn of the ω.
A reconfigurable bidirectional active 2 dimensional dendrite model

The physical phenomenon of ion flow in dendrites can be easily modelled using a diffuser circuit, and biologically based active channels. Here we describe a 2 dimensional diffuser array which provides a general model for implementing and studying dendrites with an arbitrary arborization pattern. The array makes use of floating gate transistors for biasing, and has provided us with some promising results.
Learning Footfall Evaluation for a Walking Robot

Abstract The Ambler is a six-legged robot designed to walk in irregular and rugged terrain. Footfall evaluation is the problem of predicting the goodness of footfall locations given the current status of the Ambler and properties of the terrain. We use an inductive learning technique that implicitly correlates terrain features to footfall stability and traction. The learning method also possesses the desirable characteristics of adaptability to different environments, noise tolerance, ability to be trained using relative measures, efficiency and extensibility. This paper describes how a feature-based neural net and a user-specified cost classification scheme can be used to do the evaluation and training. The approach sketched here is applicable to cases where a real-valued function is to be learned from relative measures.
Differences in transient outward current properties between neonatal and adult human atrial myocytes.

Abstract Knowledge of postnatal modulation of I to in human atrial myocytes is quite limited. The present study investigated the differences in I to properties between neonatal and adult human atrial myocytes. Methods. – Atrial myocytes were dissociated enzymatically from biopsies of human right atrial appendage. I to and action potentials were recorded by whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The expressed protein levels of Kv4.3 and KChIP2 in atrial tissue were detected by western blot technique. Results. – I to was present in all atrial cells ( n = 37) from 10 neonatal patients (2.5–7 months). The mean value of I to density in neonatal atrial cells was significantly larger than in adult atrial cells. The time constants for I to current decay were significantly faster for neonatal cells, compared to adult cells. I to recovery from inactivation at holding potential of – 80 mV was significantly slower for neonatal atrial cells than for adult atrial cells. There was no difference in the voltage dependence of I to activation between neonatal and adult cells. The voltage-dependent inactivation slope factor was smaller for neonatal compared to adult atrial cells. A more significant frequency-dependent suppression of I to peak current and a more significant lengthening of APD 30 were observed in neonatal atrial cells compared to adult atrial cells. Western blots showed both Kv4.3 and KChIP2 are expressed in neonatal atria, but with significantly higher level of Kv4.3 and lower level of KChIP2 protein compared to adult. Conclusion. – There are significant differences in the properties of I to between neonatal and adult human atrial cells, including a larger current density, faster inactivation and slower recovery from inactivation in the neonatal atrial cells. The physiological differences of I to are consistent with the different expression protein levels of Kv4.3 and KChIP2.