cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The unknown, remembered gate: Present and future observations of active chromosphere stars

Abstract The optical behavior of active chromosphere stars is reviewed, with particular reference to determination of the parameters (size, temperature, location, magnetic field strength) that characterize a stellar active region. Three areas of ground-based observational technique are highlighted for their contributions and future promise. Doppler Imaging, the reconstruction of the surface brightness distributions of spotted stars by analysis of distortions in spectral line profiles, promises to yield information on location and time evolution of active regions. Magnetic field measurements, especially those utilizing infrared FTS data, will in the future provide complementary data that will permit investigations of the field evolution of spots. Lastly, asteroseismology, utilizing either very high precision radial velocity or intensity measures, will provide input on internal structures of stars. Since parameters such as stellar convection zone depth are crucial input information for modeling the stellar dynamo, asteroseismology will aid the refinement of theoretical models of stellar activity.
Photochemical grafting of organic alkenes to single-crystal TiO2 surfaces: a mechanistic study.

The UV-induced photochemical grafting of terminal alkenes has emerged as a versatile way to form molecular layers on semiconductor surfaces. Recent studies have shown that grafting reactions can be initiated by photoelectron emission into the reactant liquid as well as by excitation across the semiconductor band gap, but the relative importance of these two processes is expected to depend on the nature of the semiconductors, the reactant alkene and the excitation wavelength. Here we report a study of the wavelength-dependent photochemical grafting of alkenes onto single-crystal TiO2 samples. Trifluoroacetamide-protected 10-aminododec-1-ene (TFAAD), 10-N-BOC-aminodec-1-ene (t-BOC), and 1-dodecene were used as model alkenes. On rutile (110), photons with energy above the band gap but below the expected work function are not effective at inducing grafting, while photons with energy sufficient to induce electronic transitions from the TiO2 Fermi level to electronic acceptor states of the reactant molecules in...
Manganese partitioning during hydrous melting of peridotite

Manganese contents and the iron/manganese ratio of igneous rocks have been used as a method of probing the heterogeneity in the Earth’s mantle during melting of peridotite and pyroxenite lithologies. Most previous work has assumed that changes in these parameters require differences in either source lithology or composition based on experiments indicating that manganese is slightly incompatible during melting and that the iron/manganese ratio is fixed by the presence of olivine. However, the presence of volatiles in the mantle drives melting at lower temperatures and with different compositions than in volatile-free systems, and thus the partitioning of Fe and Mn may in fact vary. We have produced silicate liquids in equilibrium with a peridotite assemblage under hydrous conditions at 3 GPa that show that Mn can also be unexpectedly compatible in garnet at 1375 °C and that Mn partitioning between solids and liquids can be strongly affected by temperature and liquid composition. The compatibility of Mn in garnet provides a mechanism for large variations of Mn contents and the Fe/Mn ratio in silicate melts that solely involves melting of mantle peridotite with only small compositional changes. Correlations between Mn variations and other indices indicative of melting in the presence of garnet may provide a means of more completely understanding the role of garnet at high pressures in peridotite melting.
Low amplitude fatigue of copper single crystals—II. Surface observations

Abstract Extrusions, intrusions and cracks were studied by scanning electron microscopy at various stages of fatigue life. PSBs grow rapidly at first, growth slows down but continues throughout life. Cross and critical slip markings appear in PSBs at ~ 1 2 life, and later in the adjacent matrix. In contrast to extrusions, which grow to a limiting height of ~ 4 μm, some intrusions may grow throughout life, reaching depths more than an order of magnitude larger. Deep intrusions show evidence of cross glide activity. At the surface late in life, cracks are not straight, segments on different primary planes are linked by cross and critical cracks.
On the confounding of creativity contexts. Maslow's Psychology of Science.

Summary.-The Rorschach framework distinguishes between the noueliy and the personal-subjective meaning contexts of creativity. This note uses the distinction to critique Maslow's Psychology of Science, possibly shedding light thereby on Murphy's dissatisfaction with the book's epistemology.
Large-eddy simulation of concentration fluctuations in a dispersing plume

Abstract We use large-eddy simulation to generate numerically the statistics of the fluctuating concentration field downwind of a localized source of passive tracer. Continuous tracer releases are made into a boundary-layer flow, so that the results can be compared with the experimental observations of Fackrell and Robins (1982a, J. Fluid Mech.117, 1–26). The model predicts the quantitative features of the experiment for the elevated releases, and provides further information about the correlation and dissipation scales in the plume. Model results indicate that these scales grow in proportion to the lateral spread of the plume over the range of the experiment. Consideration of the conservation equation for the fluctuation variance implies that the fluctuation intensity will decrease toward zero downstream if the dissipation scale maintains this growth indefinitely. Model probability distributions for the concentration fluctuations along the plume centerline show a transition from a “clipped-normal” form near the source toward a log-normal shape further downstream, although the intermittency is not entirely lost.
A lower bound on the detectability of nonassociative learning in the local bending reflex of the medicinal leech

Studies of neural mechanisms of learning and memory have focused on large changes at identified synapses. However, memory in distributed processing reflexes could involve widely distributed engrams characterized by small changes at every synapse in the network. To investigate this possibility, we used a neural network optimization algorithm to construct distributed engrams for nonassociative conditioning in a model of the local bending reflex of the medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis). The model comprised 4 sensory neurons, 10 to 40 interneurons, 8 motor neurons, and up to 480 connections. Synaptic connections in the model were first optimized to reproduce the amplitude and time course of motor neuron synaptic potentials recorded during local bending. This network, which represented the naive state before conditioning, was then reoptimized to the habituated or sensitized state. Following reoptimization, the memory for nonassociative learning was encoded by small changes dispersed across the entire network, and each change made only a small contribution to the learning. Moreover, because the changes were small, resolution of a few tenths of a millivolt, or 3–5% of an average synaptic potential, would be needed to account for half of the nonassociative learning. These results show how difficult distributed engrams can be to detect and provide a likely lower bound on the detectability of nonassociative learning in this and related networks.
Buffer Considerations for Data Compression of Nonstationary Video Data

Including a buffer storage into a telemetry data compression system has proven to be both a requirement and a nemesis. Some video compression simulation results which help define buffer requirements for transmitted bit-rate reductions of 2:1 and 3:1 are summarized. The zero-order predictor algorithm with a buffer-controlled variable aperture was found to provide both efficient buffer utilization and acceptable means of controlling buffer "underflow" and "overflow." The investigation was limited to worst-case nonstationary video data.
Designing dielectric loss at microwave frequencies using multi-layered filler particles in a composite

Microwave-absorbing materials find application in telecommunications, microwave heating and for representing the behavior of biological tissue in the presence of microwave radiation. Commonly, such materials are formed using ferromagnetic filler particles and rely on the phenomenon of ferromagnetic resonance for absorption of microwaves. Dielectric loss at microwave frequencies can be engineered through creating a phase lag, with respect to the applied electric field, of the movement of free charges in a composite formed using metal-coated filler particles. These materials can be engineered to be less dense and, therefore, more lightweight than those formed with ferromagnetic fillers, which is an advantage in some applications. Furthermore, theory shows that the frequency of maximum absorption can be tailored by selecting the conductivity and thickness of the particle coating although, in practice, it may be difficult to fabricate particles with tightly controlled physical parameters. In this work, theories for calculating complex permittivity of composites with layered filler particles are reviewed, and experimental observations of dielectric relaxation in composites formed by dispersing tungsten-coated glass bubbles in paraffin wax are shown
Optimal Speed Control of Mobile Node for Data Collection in Sensor Networks

A data mule represents a mobile device that collects data in a sensor field by physically visiting the nodes in a sensor network. The data mule collects data when it is in the proximity of a sensor node. This can be an alternative to multihop forwarding of data when we can utilize node mobility in a sensor network. To be useful, a data mule approach needs to minimize data delivery latency. In this paper, we first formulate the problem of minimizing the latency in the data mule approach. The data mule scheduling (DMS) problem is a scheduling problem that has both location and time constraints. Then, for the 1D case of the DMS problem, we design an efficient heuristic algorithm that incorporates constraints on the data mule motion dynamics. We provide lower bounds of solutions to evaluate the quality of heuristic solutions. Through numerical experiments, we show that the heuristic algorithm runs fast and yields good solutions that are within 10 percent of the optimal solutions.
Dyes from Enzyme-Mediated Oxidation of Aromatic Amines:

This paper characterizes reaction products from the oxidoreductase enzymatic conver sion of aromatic amines to dyes that have an affinity for wool fibers. The dyes are identified with the aid of mass spectrometry, FRIR, 1H-NMR, combustion analysis, and by comparison of experimental and calculated λmax data. The results of these analyses indicate that the dyes are binuclear and trinuclear aromatic compounds, depending on the number of available coupling sites in the precursor molecules and the number of reactants employed in the coupling step. Pathways associated with this enzyme-induced formation of dyes are proposed that involve a two-electron oxidation of 1.4-diamines to electrophilic diimines.
Comparison of refractive development and retinal dopamine in OFF pathway mutant and C57BL/6J wild-type mice

Purpose: Proper visual transmission depends on the retinal ON and OFF pathways. We used Vsx1−/− mice with a retinal OFF visual pathway defect to determine the role of OFF pathway signaling in refractive development (RD) of the eye. Methods: Refractive development was measured every 2 weeks in Vsx1−/−, Vsx1+/+ (both on 129S1/Sv background), and commonly used C57BL/6J mice from 4 to 12 weeks of age. Form deprivation (FD) was induced monocularly from 4 weeks of age using head-mounted diffuser goggles. Refractive state, corneal curvature, and ocular biometry were obtained weekly using photorefraction, keratometry, and 1310 nm spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Retinal dopamine and its metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate (DOPAC), were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: During normal development, the Vsx1−/− and Vsx1+/+ mice showed similar myopic refractions at younger ages (4 weeks, Vsx1−/−: −5.28±0.75 diopter (D); WT: −4.73±0.98 D) and became significantly hyperopic by 12 weeks of age (Vsx1−/−: 3.28±0.82 D; WT: 5.33±0.81 D). However, the C57BL/6J mice were relatively hyperopic at younger ages (mean refraction at 4 weeks, 3.40±0.43 D), and developed more hyperopic refractions until about 7 weeks of age (8.07±0.55 D) before stabilizing. Eight weeks of FD did not induce a myopic shift in the 129S1/Sv animals (0.16±0.85 D), as opposed to a significant shift of −4.29±0.42 D in the C57BL/6J mice. At 4 weeks of visual development, dopamine turnover (the DOPAC/dopamine ratio) was significantly greater in the 129S1/Sv mice compared to the C57BL/6J mice. FD did not alter the levels of dopamine between the goggled and opposite eyes for any genotype or strain. Conclusions: OFF pathway signaling may not be critically important for normal refractive development in mice. Elevated retinal dopamine turnover in early refractive development may prevent FD myopia in 129S1/Sv mice compared to C57BL/6J mice.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Sildenafil in Term Neonates: Evidence of Rapid Maturation of Metabolic Clearance in the Early Postnatal Period

The phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor sildenafil is a potential therapeutic option in the treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) and neonatal hypoxemia. In this open-label trial, 36 term neonates with PPHN or hypoxemia were administered intravenous sildenafil for up to 7 days starting within 72 h of birth. A mixed-effects pharmacokinetic model that included two-compartment disposition of sildenafil and its metabolite and an effect of postnatal age on sildenafil clearance was used to describe plasma concentration-time data of parent and metabolite. Allometrically scaled sildenafil clearance increased threefold from the first day after birth to values similar to those in adults by the first week. Volume of distribution of sildenafil in neonates was fourfold higher than in adults, resulting in a longer terminal half-life in neonates (48-56 h) compared to adults. Increase in sildenafil clearance in the early postnatal period likely reflects maturation of CYP-mediated N-demethylation.
Juxta-articular myxoma of the shoulder presenting as a cyst of the acromioclavicular joint: a case report.

Treatment of patients with subcutaneous cystic lesions of the acromioclavicular joint has yielded unpredictable results unless the underlying pathologic process producing the cyst is addressed.4,9 Three causes of this lesion have been reported in the literature: true ganglion,9,2 mechanical irritation of a degenerated acromioclavicular joint by direct contact with the humeral head through a rotator cuff defect,8 and up-welling of glenohumeral joint fluid through a rotator cuff defect (“geyser” sign).3,4 We report a case of juxta-articular myxoma of the shoulder involving both the acromioclavicular joint and the glenohumeral joint in the presence of a large rotator cuff tear as an additional cause of acromioclavicular cyst. The aggressive behavior of this lesion compared with other known causes warrants the attention of surgeons who evaluate and treat this condition. CASE REPORT A 68-year-old right-hand-dominant man had a soft tissue mass over the superior surface of his right acromioclavicular joint compatible with subcutaneous acromioclavicular cyst. The lesion was excised by a general surgeon in the patient’s home district but recurred 5 weeks later. The cyst was reexcised, and a pathologic diagnosis of juxta-articular myxoma was confirmed by the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Two months later recurrence in the same location prompted referral to our facility for evaluation and further treatment. Physical examination showed a 2.5-cm marble-sized soft tissue mass superior to the right acromioclavicular joint with marked erythema, shiny skin edges at the previous scar, and dense induration and firm attachment to the underlying acromion. Glenohumeral range of motion was unrestricted; no pain was elicited on motion examination. After routine radiography was performed, computed tomography scan indicated erosion of the acromioclavicular joint and apparent cystic change in the humeral head. Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of the shoulder with the 1.5-Tesla Siemens Magnetom System suggested a chronic rotator cuff tear, subdeltoid fluid, a synovial or gan
Effects Of H2 O2-Producing Lactobacilli On Neisseria gonorrhoeae Growth and Activity

In the vagina and endocervix, Neisseria gonorrhoeae must interact with complex microflora. Among these are lactobacilli, which may inhibit the growth of gonococci. Lactobacillus acidophilus, which produce H2O2 (LB+), and L. acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei, which do not produce H2O2 (LB-), were coincubated with catalase-positive and -deficient strains of N. gonorrhoeae. When the incubation medium was maintained at pH 7.3, neither LB+ nor LB- affected gonococcal growth. However, LB+ caused a significant increase in expression of gonococcal catalase, which could be offset by exposure of the bacteria to exogenous catalase. When coincubation medium was at lower pH (4.8-5.0), there was a significant decrease in gonococcal survival and catalase activity, which was only partly reversed by exogenous catalase. Lysates of LB+ also effectively inhibited gonococcal catalase. This inhibition was retained upon heating of the lysate to 100 degrees C for 15 min but was lost with proteinase K treatment. Thus, LB+ may inhibit growth of gonococci by acidification of the environment, secretion of H2O2, and production of protein inhibitors.
Injury stimulates outgrowth and motility of oligodendrocytes grown in vitro.

Abstract Oligodendrocytes which form myelin within the CNS develop from small, highly motile cells that are largely bipolar into mature cells which extend many processes and which produce myelin membranes around multiple axons. The production of myelin sheaths is thought to anchor mature oligodendrocytes (OLs), limiting their motility. When the brain sustains an injury, OLs do not make a significant effort to remyelinate, a fact attributed to both their lack of proliferation and their inability to migrate or extend processes into areas of injury. To test the motility and growth potential of mature OLs, we have designed anin vitrosystem in which individual cells can undergo long-term observation. Additionally, cells can be mechanically injured by transection of processes using a low-power laser beam. Both control and injured OLs undergo several types of structural change, including extension and retraction of processes and membranes, as well as changes in process caliber. Some OLs exhibit a high degree of motility, moving several hundred micrometers within days. Rather than interfering with the cells’ ability to undergo structural change, injury actually stimulated outgrowth of new processes and motility. Neither injury nor addition of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) increased the rate of OL division. However, bFGF paradoxically caused an increase in uptake of the DNA synthesis marker bromodeoxyuridine and had negative effects on OL survival. The unexpected findings that OLs with a mature phenotype are motile and undergo constant structural modificationin vitroand that injury induces certain behaviors suggest that myelin-forming OLs in the brain may be capable of a high degree of plasticity under certain conditions.
U-73122, a phospholipase C antagonist, inhibits effects of endothelin-1 and parathyroid hormone on signal transduction in UMR-106 osteoblastic cells

Abstract Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) increase calcium transients in rodent osteoblastic cells. To investigate the role of phospholipase C (PLC) in these hormone-stimulated calcium signals, the effects of U-73122 (1-[6-[[17β-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl]amino]hexyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione), a reported PLC inhibitor, and its inactive analog, U-73343 (1-[6-[[17β-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl]amino]hexyl]-1H-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione), were determined. Intracellular calcium transient were measured in UMR-106 cells with the fluorescent indicator fluo-3. In normal calcium containing medium, prior exposure (3 min) to U-73122 inhibited ET-1 and PTH stimulated calcium transients in a dose-dependent (0.2–10 μM) manner with an IC50 of 1.5–1.8 μM. A concentration of 6–8 μM was required for complete iinhibition of responses to 100 nM ET-1 or PTH. U-73343 elicited no effects over this concentration range. In cells in which external calcium was reduced to less than 1 μM by the addition of EGTA, ET-1 signals were completely inhibited by 4–6 μM U-73122 and the IC50 was 0.8 μM. In the low external calcium medium, the PTH response was abolished by 2 μM U-73122 ( IC 50 = 0.5 μ M ). U-73122, 8 μM, significantly ( P ) inhibited the effect of ET-1 on inositol triphosphate production at 3 min whereas U-73343 did not. Pertussis toxin (100 ng/ml) likewise significantly inhibited the effect of ET-1 on phosphoinositol turnover as well as on intracellular calcium concentration. In conclusion, the results support the hypothesis that PLC plays a role in the calcium transients elicited by ET-1 and PTH, and that ET-1 transmits its signal in part via a pertussis toxin sensitive G-protein coupled receptor. Furthermore they suggest that U-73122 is useful for investigating PLC-mediated processes in osteoblastic cells.
Antepartum, transabdominal near infrared spectroscopy: Feasibility of measuring photon migration through the fetal head in utero

Objective: We report the feasibility of measuring photon migration through the fetal head in utero using antepartum, transabdominal, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy.Methods: We developed a continuous wave (CW) spectrometer that incorporates a halogen light source, silicon photodetectors, and a differential processing circuit for antepartum, transabdominal, NIR spectroscopy. By placement of the light source and photodetector on the midline of the maternal abdomen above the fetal head at a separation (∼10 cm) large enough for the light to propagate through maternal and fetal tissues via multiple scattering events before being detected at the surface and the use of filtered illumination and detection at wavelengths (760 nm, 850 nm), which coincide with the absorption bands of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in the NIR window, we performed studies to evaluate whether antepartum, transabdominal NIR spectroscopy can measure photon migration through the fetal head in utero.Results: The results demonstrat...
Qo and Qo production in KoLp interactions from 4 to 12 GeV/c

Experimental results are presented on the reactions Ko p → Qo p and Ko p → Qo p observed in the final state KSo π+ π−p in the momentum range 4 to 12 GeV/c. The data were acquired by exposing the SLAC 1m hydrogen bubble chamber to a neutral beam. Special emphasis is placed on a detailed comparison of the production characteristics of the two strangeness states. Cross sections, differential cross sections, density matrix elements, K∗π mass spectra and exponential slopes of the momentum transfer distributions are presented for Qop and Qop. An important result of this study is the observation of a crossover at −t′ = 0.13±0.03 GeV2 in the differential cross sections. We find that this effect is explained in analogy to elastic scattering by assuming that Regge, as well as pomeron, exchange contributes to Q-production. Calculations with a Reggeized Deck model are also made and we find that such models, as presently formulated, cannot explain the observed behavior of the differential cross sections or the energy dependence of the Q cross section.
The clinical significance of intrapulmonary vascular dilations in liver transplant candidates

Intrapulmonary vascular dilations (IPVD) are common in patients with cirrhosis, but the majority do not have hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS). The clinical significance of IPVD is unknown. Our aim was to determine the clinical impact due to the entire spectrum of IPVD in liver transplant (LT) candidates. A total of 122 evaluees for LT underwent contrast transthoracic echocardiography (cTTE). The degree of shunting was graded 1-3 (severe). HPS was defined as PaO(2) < 70 mmHg in the presence of IPVD and exclusion of other causes of hypoxemia. IPVD were detected in 57/122 (47%), and of these HPS was found in 5. IPVD were associated with higher Alveolar-arterial (A-a) gradients, with the highest occurring in patients with HPS (IPVD vs. no IPVD: p = 0.003; HPS vs. no IPVD: p = 0.004). All patients with HPS had grade 3 shunting, and had significantly widened A-a gradient and lower PaO(2) compared with grade 1 or 2 IPVDs. Presence of IPVD did not affect survival measured from evaluation or after LT. Other clinical outcomes were also similar among patients with and without IPVD. IPVD are common among LT candidates. HPS is unlikely in presence of only mild to moderate shunting. Clinical outcomes are similar among patients with and without IPVD.
Changes in Patterns of Streamflow From Unregulated Watersheds in Idaho, Western Wyoming, and Northern Nevada1

Clark, Gregory M., 2010. Changes in Patterns of Streamflow From Unregulated Watersheds in Idaho, Western Wyoming, and Northern Nevada. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(3):486-497. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00416.x Abstract: Recent studies have identified a pattern of earlier spring runoff across much of North America. Earlier spring runoff potentially poses numerous problems, including increased risk of flooding and reduced summer water supply for irrigation, power generation, and migratory fish passage. To identify changing runoff patterns in Idaho streams, streamflow records were analyzed for 26 U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations in Idaho, western Wyoming, and northern Nevada, each with a minimum of 41 years of record. The 26 stations are located on 23 unregulated and relatively pristine streams that drain areas ranging from 28 to >35,000 km2. Four runoff parameters were trend tested at each station for both the period of historical record and from 1967 through 2007. Parameters tested were annual mean streamflow, annual minimum daily streamflow, and the dates of the 25th and 50th percentiles of the annual total streamflow. Results of a nonparametric Mann-Kendall trend test revealed a trend toward lower annual mean and annual minimum streamflows at a majority of the stations, as well as a trend toward earlier snowmelt runoff. Significant downward trends over the period of historical record were most prevalent for the annual minimum streamflow (12 stations) and the 50th percentile of streamflow (11 stations). At most stations, trends were more pronounced during the period from 1967 through 2007. A regional Kendall test for water years 1967 through 2007 revealed significant regional trends in the percent change in the annual mean and annual minimum streamflows (0.67% less per year and 0.62% less per year, respectively), the 25th percentile of streamflow (12.3 days earlier), and the 50th percentile of streamflow (11.5 days earlier).
A welfare analysis of subsidies for airports

The welfare of residents and profitability of business in many medium-sized MSAs would be improved if their airports had a higher level of service, for example reflected by more frequent flights serving more destinations. The level of service at such airports may rise with the number of enplanements, making total enplanements and the level of service subject to a positive feedback effect. Using a new annual data set put together by combining five sources for the years 2002 through 2012, we find evidence for such a positive feedback effect. We argue that subsidies at smaller airports may be welfare-enhancing in the presence of such an effect.
Toward MR-guided high intensity focused ultrasound for presurgical localization: focused ultrasound lesions in cadaveric breast tissue.

Purpose To investigate MR-HIFU as a surgical guide for non-palpable breast tumors by assessing the palpability of MR-HIFU created lesions in ex vivo cadaveric breast tissue.
Physicochemical Properties of Surimi Seafood as Affected by Electron Beam and Heat

Physicochemical changes of surimi seafood under electron beam (e-beam) and heat were investigated. Heat caused color browning and texture softening. E-beam (up to 4 kGy) deteriorated neither color nor texture when the sample temperatures were between 5 and 23°C. However, firmer texture was measured when samples were treated by e-beam while frozen. None of the treatments changed rancidity of surimi seafood within the parameters tested. Heat, as compared with e-beam, generated the same headspace volatiles, however, to a greater extent. E-beam was determined to be an excellent pasteurization alternative for surimi seafood in terms of retention of fresh-like physicochemical attributes.
Sexual behavior in peripherally anosmic male hamsters

Abstract Sexually experienced and inexperienced male hamsters mated normally after they had been rendered temporarily anosmic by intranasal zinc sulfate treatment (Experiment 1), in contrast to the complete absence of sexual behavior following removal of the olfactory bulbs. The efficacy of our zinc sulfate technique was demonstrated by use of an olfactory discrimination training procedure. Hamsters lost the ability to smell both amyl acetate (Experiment 2) and the female hamster post-estrus vaginal discharge (Experiment 3) following zinc sulfate induced anosmia but at the same time retained normal sexual behavior.
Creating competitive products through world wide integration

The author describes an approach used to exploit computer integrated manufacturing and people resources worldwide. The basic mission in manufacturing storage products is to produce high-reliability products at competitive cost. The mission includes the development of advanced manufacturing technologies to serve the needs of advanced products. The SA600 storage array and the worldwide integration program of getting this product to the market place are described. >
Colorectal cancer presenting as tuboovarian abscess in a 40 year old patient with previous tubal occlusion

Abstract Background Although pelvic inflammatory disease can be seen after tubal occlusion, tuboovarian abscess is rare, with only 38 cases reported since 1975 [1] . The differential diagnosis of tuboovarian abscess after tubal occlusion should include non-infectious and non-gynecologic etiology, particularly as women age [2]. Case A 40 year old multiparous woman with a distant history of tubal occlusion, presented with pelvic pain and suspected right tuboovarian abscess with air on CT scan. A colonic stricture was also seen, warranting further evaluation, which revealed a left tuboovarian abscess which had fistulized from a bowel perforation secondary to colorectal cancer. Conclusion Tuboovarian abscess is rare after tubal occlusion. These patients should be evaluated specifically for nongynecologic etiology, including colorectal cancer. Radiologic studies can be misleading, and surgical exploration should be strongly considered if a woman with a history of tubal occlusion presents with a presumptive tuboovarian abscess, particularly if the abscess contains air.
Galectin-9 increases seizure incidence following acute Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus infection of C57BL/6 mice.

The incidence of viral encephalitis is as high as 22/100,000 in children less than 1 year of age. Survivors typically experience neurological sequel, including epilepsy. Infection of C57BL/6 mice with Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) results in the onset of afebrile tonic-clonic seizures beginning at day 3–4 post-infection (p.i.) and is associated with aberrant IL-6 and TNF upregulation as well as apoptosis of CA1 neurons. We previously found that astrocyte galectin-9 (Gal-9) synergized TNF production from microglia following poly(I:C) stimulation. To investigate the role of Gal-9 in the pathogenesis of TMEV-induced seizures we infected control and Lgals9−/− mice and scored each mouse daily for signs of seizures. Following infection, immunohistochemical staining of Lgals9:GFP mouse brains showed a time-dependent increase in hippocampal Gal-9. Gal-9 was maximally expressed prior to the generation of seizures and localized to PECAM1+ endothelial cells, Iba-1+ microglia/macrophages and GFAP+ astrocytes but not NeuN+ neurons. Both RT-qPCR and western blotting techniques confirmed this finding. Furthermore, the incidence, but not severity of seizures was decreased in Lgals9−/− mice compared to controls. Surprisingly, we did not detect significant differences in hippocampal TNF, IL-6 or CCL2 levels, nor blood monocyte and neutrophil populations between genotypes. Together, these data suggests that Gal-9 promotes epileptogenesis during viral encephalitis, but the mechanism remains elusive.
Early Dietary Protein Restriction and Intermittent Lighting. 2. Effects on Carcass Characteristics of Male Turkeys

Abstract A trial was conducted to determine the effects of dietary protein restriction at an early age and intermittent lighting, designed for curtain-sided houses, on the carcass characteristics of Nicholas commercial male turkeys (sired by male Line 88). Four isocaloric diets containing various levels of protein (100, 90, 80, or 70% of control values) were fed ad libitum from 8 to 56 days of age. All birds were fed control diets from 1 to 7 days of age and from 57 to 124 days of age. Two lighting regimens, a control of 15 h light (L):9 h dark (D), and intermittent (15L:2D:1.5L:2D:1.5L:2D), were each assigned randomly to two rooms from Day 8 until the end of the study. Turkeys reared in intermittent lighting had heavier weights for whole breast (muscle and bone, P
On the generalized theory of atmospheric particle systems

Unification is both necessary and challenging for studying atmospheric particle systems, which are polydisperse systems containing particles of different sizes and shapes. A general framework is proposed to realize the first order generalization. Within this generalized framework, (1) atmospheric particle shapes are unified into self-similar fractals; (2) a self-similar particle is characterized by various power-law relationships; (3) by combining these power-law relationships for a single particle with Shannon’s maximum entropy principle and some concepts in statistical mechanics, unified maximum likelihoood number size distributions are of the Weibull form for atmospheric particle systems. Frontier disciplines (e. g., scaling, fractal, chaos and hierarchy) are argued to provide potential “tools” for such unification. Several new topics are raised for future research.
The Election of John Daniels as Mayor of New Haven

On November 7, 1989, John Daniels' election as mayor of New Haven was so widely regarded as a foregone conclusion that few political analysts commented on his remarkable achievement. He became New Haven's first black mayor by winning 68% of the vote in a city that is only one-third black.' When Daniels, a 53-year-old state senator, declared his candidacy in February 1989, he broke with much of the conventional wisdom of city politics by mounting an insurgent campaign against Ben DiLieto, a powerful and popular incumbent. Although he was the most senior and most respected black politician in New Haven, no black elected officials or black ministers appeared on the podium at his announcement. His support came primarily from a handful of black party activists, businessmen, students, community organizers, board of education employees, and Yale University professors and students-in a town that is not known for successful challenges to machine politics or its love for Yale.2 Daniels' announcement, however, set the tone for a campaign that was very different from "politics as usual" in New Haven. In order to stress the seriousness of its effort, the Daniels campaign orchestrated the announcement ceremony with all the professionalism and efficiency of a Reagan media event. Careful attention was paid to creating the right impression, especially for television: red, white, and blue balloons, upbeat music, and a hall packed with hundreds of black and white supporters. Endorsements came from speakers who ranged from a black high school student to a Hispanic secretary to a Nobel prize winner. The coalition behind Daniels began to expand once it was clear that he presented a viable challenge to DiLieto. City employees who had nursed grievances for years finally had a reason to "go public"; newspaper stories began to appear about favors they had been required to do on city time for Democratic party officials, the mayor's friends and relatives. A poll by the Democratic town committee (controlled by DiLieto allies) showed DiLieto with only a ten-point edge over Daniels. At the end of March, DiLieto announced that he would not run for reelection, insisting that he simply wanted to spend more time with his family; but many observers noted that there had been little talk of retirement before Daniels declared his candidacy. Additionally, the mayor had not confronted a difficult race since his first election in 1979 and, with the city facing a severe fiscal crisis, he would have a difficult time maintaining his governing coalition. Two new candidates, John DeStefano and James Perillo, entered the Democratic primary, the only race that matters in a city with an 8 to 1 Democratic margin among registered voters. DeStefano, who had been Chief Executive Officer and Director of Development in the DiLieto administration, received the mayor's endorsement. Perillo, head of the New Haven Coliseum, received support from many Democratic party regulars who were
Ultralow fouling polyacrylamide on gold surfaces via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization.

In this work, polyacrylamide is investigated as an ultralow fouling surface coating to highly resist protein adsorption, cell adhesion, and bacterial attachment. Polyacrylamide was grafted on gold surfaces via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Protein adsorption from a wide range of biological media, including single protein solutions of fibrinogen, bovine serum albumin, and lysozyme, dilute and undiluted human blood serum, and dilute and undiluted human blood plasma, was studied by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Dependence of the protein resistance on polyacrylamide film thickness was examined. With the optimal film thickness, the adsorption amount of all three single proteins on polyacrylamide-grafted surfaces was <3 pg/mm2, close to the detection limit of SPR. The average nonspecific adsorptions from 10% plasma, 10% serum, 100% plasma, and 100% serum onto the polyacrylamide-grafted surfaces were 5, 6.5, 17, and 28 pg/mm2, respectively, comparable (if not better) than the ...
50 ZINC AND SELENIUM DYSHOMEOSTASIS IN AFRICAN AMERICANS WITH AND WITHOUT HEART FAILURE.

Purpose Zn and Se are micronutrients that play numerous biologic roles in many tissues, including their contribution to antioxidant defenses provided by oxidoreductases Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase and Se-glutathione peroxidase. Dietary deficiencies of Zn and Se have each been associated with the appearance of a dilated, often reversible, cardiomyopathy. Preliminary studies in 40 African Americans (AAs) with heart failure suggested the presence of hypozincemia in 60% and hyposelenemia in 82% (J Invest Med 2006;54 Suppl 1:S302). Herein we report on serum Zn and Se levels in 75 AAs: 61 with CHF and 14 without heart failure. Methods and Results In AAs followed at the Regional Medical Center in Memphis, we monitored serum Zn (normal 75-140 μg/dL) and Se (normal 85-125 μg/L): 20 (12 M, 8 F; 53.5 ± 2.7 years) were hospitalized with decompensated failure of protracted (D ≥ 4 weeks) duration and 23 (16 M, 7 F; 49.7 ± 2.6 years) were inpatients with CHF of shorter duration (D 1-2 wks) due to either a dilated or ischemic cardiomyopathy with reduced ejection fraction ( Hypozincemia and hyposelenemia were respectively prevalent in AAs: 70% and 100% with D ≥ 4 weeks, 74% and 96% with D 1-2 weeks, 61% and 94% with Comp failure, and 79% and 100% Cont. Conclusions Hypozincemia and especially hyposelenemia are prevalent in AAs with either compensated or decompensated heart failure and those without heart failure. The origins of Zn and Se dyshomeostasis in AA living in Memphis remain to be elucidated.
Recent Developments of Friction Stir Welding

Friction stir welding (FSW)was invented by TWI in 1991 and substantial development has been conducted subsequently. Many alloys, which are regarded as difficult to weld by fusion processes, may be welded by FSW. This article presents the recent year's development and latest progress on FSW technology. The principle, technical characteristics and wide applications are discussed in detail. It is realized that it is necessary and urgent to develop the FSW.
Genetics of the Response of the Honeybee to an Alarm Chemical, Isopentyl Acetate

SummaryIn laboratory tests, two inbred lines of honeybees (Apis mellifera) different in colony defensive behaviour were shown to differ in their initial general activity level, the time to react to isopentyl acetate, and the initial intensity of the reaction. Evaluation of an F1 and backcrosses to both lines indicated that a more responsive phenotype was dominant to a less responsive phenotype in all three characteristics. The degree of dominance for time to react was estimated as 0·502 and the heritability as 0·681. It was estimated that 2 or 3 loci controlled each of the three components of behaviour.
Chapter Two – Lifetime Cost of Battery, Fuel-Cell, and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the estimates of the full social lifetime cost of a battery electric vehicle (BEV), a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), and a fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCEV), which consists of the initial and periodic costs of owning and operating a vehicle, including some nonmarket costs that are incurred by the society as a whole. When compared with a conventional gasoline internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV), advanced BEVs, PHEVs, and FCEVs have higher initial costs, lower fuel costs, lower external costs, possibly higher insurance costs, and possibly lower maintenance and repair costs. The formal estimation of the full social lifetime cost depends on various analytical details, which include the size of key components for EVs such as batteries, fuel cells, hydrogen pressure vessels, electric motors, cost of key materials for EV components, which include lithium for batteries, platinum and membranes for fuel cells, and the lifetime of key components such as cycles for batteries and pressure vessels. The cost of energy for the EV depends on feedstock costs, fuel production costs, fuel distribution costs, and fuel dispensing/delivery costs. Fuel dispensing or delivery costs, in turn, depend on the type of fuel and the desired fuel delivery method and the maintenance and repair requirements of advanced EV components; drivetrains also influences the full social lifetime cost of a vehicle. The findings suggest that with reasonably anticipatable technological progress, the social lifetime cost of advanced EVs can be close to the social lifetime cost of gasoline EVs.
Endophthalmitis: An Overview

Endophthalmitis is a potentially devastating eye infection involving the vitreous and/or aqueous. In most patients, endophthalmitis results in some degree of irreversible vision loss in the affected eye; in some patients, all useful vision in that eye is lost. The term “endophthalmitis” is nearly always used to describe intraocular infection due to bacteria or fungi, while cases of intraocular inflammation due to viruses, parasites, and noninfectious etiologies are usually considered types of uveitis.
Optimizing the Performance of Big Data Workflows in Multi-cloud Environments Under Budget Constraint

Workflow techniques have been widely used as a major computing solution in many science domains. With the rapid deployment of cloud infrastructures around the globe and the economic benefit of cloud-based computing and storage services, an increasing number of scientific workflows have been shifted or are in active transition to clouds. As the scale of scientific applications continues to grow, it is now common to deploy data-and network-intensive computing workflows in multi-cloud environments, where inter-cloud data transfer oftentimes plays a significant role in both workflow performance and financial cost. We construct rigorous mathematical models to analyze the intra-and inter-cloud execution process of scientific workflows and formulate a budget-constrained workflow mapping problem to optimize the network performance of scientific workflows in multi-cloud environments. We show the proposed problem to be NP-complete and design a heuristic solution that takes into consideration module execution, data transfer, and I/O operations. The performance superiority of the proposed solution over existing methods is illustrated through extensive simulations.
Study of Ethanol‐Induced Golgi Disorganization Reveals the Potential Mechanism of Alcohol‐Impaired N‐Glycosylation

Background It is known that ethanol (EtOH) and its metabolites have a negative effect on protein glycosylation. The fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus induced by alteration of the structure of largest Golgi matrix protein, giantin, is the major consequence of damaging effects of EtOH-metabolism on the Golgi; however, the link between this and abnormal glycosylation remains unknown. Because previously we have shown that Golgi morphology dictates glycosylation, we examined the effect EtOH administration has on function of Golgi residential enzymes involved in N-glycosylation. Methods HepG2 cells transfected with mouse ADH1 (VA-13 cells) were treated with 35 mM EtOH for 72 hours. Male Wistar rats were pair-fed Lieber-DeCarli diets for 5 to 8 weeks. Characterization of Golgi-associated mannosyl (α-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (MGAT1), α-1,2-mannosidase (Man-I), and α-mannosidase II (Man-II) were performed in VA-13 cells and rat hepatocytes followed by three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3D SIM). Results First, we detected that EtOH administration results in the loss of sialylated N-glycans on asialoglycoprotein receptor; however, the high-mannose-type N-glycans are increased. Further analysis by 3D SIM revealed that EtOH treatment despite Golgi disorganization does not change cis-Golgi localization for Man-I, but does induce medial-to-cis relocation of MGAT1 and Man-II. Using different approaches, including electron microscopy, we revealed that EtOH treatment results in dysfunction of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1) GTPase followed by a deficiency in COPI vesicles at the Golgi. Silencing beta-COP or expression of GDP-bound mutant Arf1(T31N) mimics the EtOH effect on retaining MGAT1 and Man-II at the cis-Golgi, suggesting that (i) EtOH specifically blocks activation of Arf1, and (ii) EtOH alters the proper localization of Golgi enzymes through impairment of COPI. Importantly, the level of MGAT1 was reduced, because likely MGAT1, contrary to Man-I and Man-II, is giantin sensitive. Conclusions Thus, we provide the mechanism by which EtOH-induced Golgi remodeling may significantly modify formation of N-glycans.