cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development and Application of Wildland Fire Expenditures Models

Models of fire management expenditures can play a crucial role in the management of wildland fire incidents. This chapter reviews the development and uses of expenditure models, such as the Stratified Cost Index (SCI). Expenditure models are used in decision support tools, budget planning tools, post-season incident reviews, and land management planning. Fire expenditure models are also useful for examining the decisions made by managers on fire incidents and factors influencing suppression activities. Increased exposure to the effects of wildfire and escalating suppression expenditures, particularly in the western United States, suggests that there is a need for improved expenditure models in the future.
Aonde uma Reviravolta Antropológica Poderá Levar as Ciências Humanas e as Artes

This paper discusses the possible significations of a so-called anthropological turn in the field of the Humanities and Arts. The text focuses on the meaning of Anthropology and its application in these fields. In this sense, two great conceptions of Anthropology are distinguished: an understanding of Anthropology as an attempt at a singular, meta-historical and transcultural determination of a valid definition of what it means to be human; and another whose use predominates in the Anglo-American contemporary context, in which different ways of being human are considered, instead of a single conception. The text also discusses the word ‘reviravolta’ [overturn] which the Humanities and the Arts have been trying to point out and identify as what is or should be the contemporary thought in those fields.
Handbook of Clay Science.F. Bergaya, B.K.G. Theng and G. Lagaly (editors). Developments in Clay Science, Volume 1, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1246 pp., 2006, ISBN-13: 978-0-08-044183-2; ISBN-10: 0-08-044183-1. Price: GBP £105, US $165, EUR €150.

The ‘Handbook’ is a monumental undertaking edited by three prominent scientists. On a five-star basis it ranks 4.5 and deserves to be on the bookshelf of every clay (materials) scientist. Hopefully, a paperback edition will soon follow that will make the book more affordable for students. According to the publisher’s information, the book "assembles the vast literature on the diverse aspects that make up the discipline of clay science. The topics covered range from the fundamental structures and properties of clays and clay minerals, through environmental, health and industrial applications, to analysis and characterization by modern instrumental techniques. There are also chapters on clays and microorganisms, layered double hydroxides, zeolites, cement hydrates, and the genesis of clay minerals, as well as the history and teaching of clay science." It contains "contributions from 66 authors from 18 different countries,...provides up-to-date concepts, properties, and reactivity of clays and clay minerals,...covers classical and new environmental, industrial, and health applications of clays, as well as the instrumental techniques for clay mineral analysis,...combines geology, …
STUDY ON KING'S THEORY OF GOAL ATTAINMENT IN NURSING INTERVENTION OF INFLUENZA VACCINATION

Objective Exploring King's theory of goal attainment in nursing intervention measures of influenza vaccination to improve the influenza vaccination rate.Methods 1 000 children 6~36 months old in Zhuhai were randomly divided into control group and intervention group.Analysis the influenza vaccination rate changes by the application of King's theory of goal attainment in nursing intervention of influenza vaccination.Results The influenza vaccination rate before and after intervention are 6.1% and 18.4%,it increased significantly after intervention(2=70.1,p0.01).The influenza vaccination rate of control group and intervention group are 24.8% and 12.0%,intervention group is much higher than control group(X2=24.0,p0.01).The influenza vaccination rate of intervention group before and after intervention are 6.3% and 24.8%,after intervention is much higher than before(X2=64.1,p0.01).Conclusion King's theory of goal attainment is an effective intervention methods in influenza vaccination.It can improve the children influenza vaccination rate effectively.
13-cis-retinoic acid-mediated growth inhibition of DU-145 human prostate cancer cells

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cis-RA) on the growth regulation of DU-145 human prostatic cancer cells. The results of these experiments demonstrate that cell growth and metastatic potential of DU-145 cells were significantly inhibited by 13-cis-RA (10 microM). In order to elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms of 13-cis-RA action on prostate cancer cells, we examined the expression of nuclear receptor genes (hRXR alpha) and found that 13-cis-RA treated cells showed higher mRNA expression for hRXR alpha nuclear receptors compared to untreated cells. To elucidate further the possible biochemical mechanisms associated with these alterations, we analyzed the phosphorous metabolites by MR spectroscopy and found that the major metabolites were PME, (PC, PE) and DPDE (UDP-GalNAc, UDP-GLcNAc). The DU-145 cells and xenografts, which were both treated with 13-cis-RA, showed a two-fold decrease in DPDE's, compared to their controls. The higher resolution spectra of perfused cells revealed that phosphocholine levels were twice as high in 13-cis-RA-treated DU-145 cells as compared to untreated cells. These investigations demonstrate for the first time that 13-cis-RA inhibits the growth of human prostatic cancer cells, and this inhibition is associated with an increase in hRXR alpha nuclear receptor gene expression and alterations in phosphorous metabolites detected by 31P MR spectroscopy.
Recent Advances in Industrial Experimentations

Statistical experimental design has played an important role in industrial investigations. In this paper, we first discuss the major differences between running industrial and agricultural experiments. Thus, classical statistical experimental designs which are suitable for agricultural experimentation may not be appropriate for industrial experimentation. Some recent research, specifically for designing industrial experimentations, are then introduced. This includes computer experiment, impact of the dispersion effect in unreplicated fractional factorial design and optimal foldover plans.
Gut Check: IFNγ Delays Mucosal Recovery during Antibiotic Therapy

Antibiotic therapy has been largely ineffective in improving clinical outcomes following Salmonellosis, yet the reasons why remain obscure. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Dolowschiak et al. (2016) report that IFNγ produced by NK and T cells following antibiotic treatment of acute Salmonella infection limits mucosal remission.
When feeling poorly at work does not mean acting poorly at work: The moderating role of work-related emotional intelligence

It is important, both theoretically and for applied reasons, to understand who is likely to engage in counterproductive work behaviors. It is known that such behaviors are more likely to be exhibited by unhappy employees (i.e., those high in job negative affect), but this should be particularly true for individuals low in work-related emotional intelligence. The current study (N = 91) examined moderation-related hypotheses of this type in relation to five counterproductive work behaviors—abuse, sabotage, theft, withdrawal, and production deviance—among a sample of employees working at least 20 h per week. These behaviors varied positively by job negative affect and negatively by work-related emotional intelligence. In addition, the two predictors interacted for all five outcomes such that the highest levels of counterproductive work behavior were observed among employees who were high in job negative affect and low in emotional intelligence. The discussion focuses on implications for understanding counterproductive work behaviors and on the value of assessing work-related emotional intelligence as an ability that differs by employees.
Framework to Account for Uncertainty in Energy and Carbon Assessment of Ground Improvement Works

AbstractEmbodied energy (EE) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions assessments have become more common as sustainable development considerations are incorporated into geotechnical practice. To date, m...
Factors That Influence Employees’ Security Policy Compliance: An Awareness-Motivation-Capability Perspective

ABSTRACTInformation security policy (ISP) plays an important role in information security management in organizations. Past research investigated various factors that may impact employee behavior toward security policy compliance from the perspective of general deterrence theory (GDT), protection and motivation Theory (PMT), and rational choice theory (RCT). However, there is no unifying foundation/framework that examines all of those factors in a harmonic way so that the research findings can guide information security practices and research into the employee ISP compliance management context. Additionally, prior findings provided mixed results. This study proposes a research model based on the awareness-motivation-capability (AMC) framework, aiming to unify the factors to predict employee ISP compliance intention. We believe that a harmonic approach in managing employee ISP compliance can create optimal outcomes.
Synthetic Characters: Behaving in Character

Digital pets such as the Tamagotchi or Creatures are harbingers of a new kind of interactive character. They are characters that must maintain the perception of sentience over extended periods of un-scripted interaction in dynamic and noisy environments. This perception of sentience is created by the character’s behavior over time (i.e. what it does and how it does it) as a coherent, character-specific, expression of its motivational and emotional state and reflecting its acquired “knowledge” of its environment. Ultimately this means we must understand how to build complete, if simple characters. In this talk I will present the approach the Synthetic Characters Group at the MIT Media Lab is taking to address this problem. Borrowing ideas from sources as wide ranging as animal behavior to classical animation, I will describe our approach to modeling drives, emotions, perception and behavior in an integrated architecture, as well as how we address the problem of expressive motor control. But I will also argue that the issues of camera control and interaction need to be more than an after-thought and I will present our approach to each of these problems. Finally, I will show videos of our SWAMPED! project, an interactive virtual cartoon world in which the participant uses a wireless, instrumented stuffed chicken to direct a semiautonomous animated chicken as it interacts with a fully autonomous animated raccoon in a manner reminiscent of a Warner Brothers cartoon. SWAMPED! was part of the Enhanced Realities venue of Siggraph ’98 and was used by over 400 participants.
Work in progress: Flipping the circuits classroom: The impact of pre-class reading and in-class active learning on student and instructor

There is ample evidence about the positive benefits of active learning, but lecture continues to be the prevailing pedagogy in most undergraduate engineering courses. Conventionally, students' first exposure to course content happens in the classroom, and the main goal of class time is to deliver information. This paper describes one instructor's efforts to flip that convention by shifting first exposure to occur before class, thereby allowing the integration of active learning pedagogies into the class. We hypothesize that two factors will contribute to the success of this “flipped” classroom: (1) a new digital textbook, which ensures that students prepared meaningfully for class, and (2) a flexible classroom space, which helps to facilitate in-class active learning activities and student-instructor interaction. This paper discusses data, preliminary analyses from one semester, and plans for future work that address these hypotheses.
Compositional recurrence analysis revisited

Compositional recurrence analysis (CRA) is a static-analysis method based on a combination of symbolic analysis and abstract interpretation. This paper addresses the problem of creating a context-sensitive interprocedural version of CRA that handles recursive procedures. The problem is non-trivial because there is an "impedance mismatch" between CRA, which relies on analysis techniques based on regular languages (i.e., Tarjan's path-expression method), and the context-free-language underpinnings of context-sensitive analysis. We show how to address this impedance mismatch by augmenting the CRA abstract domain with additional operations. We call the resulting algorithm Interprocedural CRA (ICRA). Our experiments with ICRA show that it has broad overall strength compared with several state-of-the-art software model checkers.
Behavioural Information Processing

The learning habits and patterns of people, the environmental cues that produces the stimulus, and the episodic occurrences for motivation of learning are discussed. Several episode linking motivations and objectives are mentioned. Learning projects are grouped into categories according to the source which directs them-such as self-learning, non-human resources, human resources, group resources and hybrid resources. The intrapersonal behaviour in the communication of information needs and the satisfaction of the same, the various aspects of the librarian patron interface as a learning process, the sequential behaviour as a mode for self-designed independent learning, are discussed. In conclusion, the influence of the environment on a learning project and the basic causes for starting and terminating of a learning project are highlighted.
The impact of gender diversity on performance: The moderating role of industry, alliance network, and family-friendly policies – Evidence from Korea

This study analyzes the effects of gender diversity in management on organizational performance using Korea Workplace Panel Survey data for 2005, 2007, and 2009. Few studies have examined this relationship for firms outside the United States, particularly in Asian countries. Similar to previous research, our findings show that gender diversity in management has a U-shaped relationship with firm productivity. Second, the curvilinear relationship between gender diversity in management and firm productivity is stronger in service-oriented industries relative to manufacturing industries, with the highest level of employee productivity within homogeneous management groups. Third, we include a measure of workplace family-friendly policies to moderate the relationship between gender diversity in management and organizational performance. We find that the U-shaped pattern also holds in firms with a large number of family-friendly policies. This suggests that gender diversity in management has considerable influence on the productivity of Korean firms through interactions with family-friendly policies.
The influence of intestinal microbiome on wound healing and infection

Abstract Wound healing problems and surgical site infections are commonly attributed to improper intraoperative technique and perioperative infection control methods. However, overwhelming evidence is emerging to suggest that the intestinal microbiome plays a profound and previously underappreciated role in infectious outcomes of surgery. Surgical stress and perioperative medical interventions alter the community structure and function of the intestinal microbiome. The resultant intestinal dysbiosis exerts overarching effects on the host immune and neuroendocrine systems. Although certainly infection is known to occur from inadvertent intraoperative contamination, a more intriguing concept is the possibility that alterations in the intestinal microbiome, occurring in response to the physiologic stress of surgery, may have a major negative influence on the host's ability for tissue repair, regeneration, and resilience to infection.
Investigations within the quaternary system titanium-nickel-aluminium-carbon

The phase relationship within the quaternary system: titanium-nickel-aluminium-carbon was established for 1100°C (quench). A quaternary η-carbide with a lattice parameter ofa=11.40–11.463 A was found to exist. The H-phase Ti2AlC and the perovskite phase Ti3AlC are no longer stable in the presence of minor amounts of nickel.
Safety of Risperidone for Acute Agitation and Alcohol Intoxication in Emergency Department Patients.

Abstract Background Acute agitation in the setting of alcohol intoxication is commonly encountered in the Emergency Department (ED). In this setting, expert consensus guidelines recommend haloperidol over second-generation antipsychotics due to their limited safety data in alcohol intoxication. Objective The primary objective was to compare vital sign changes prior to and after risperidone administration between ED patients presenting with alcohol intoxication [ETOH (+)] and without alcohol intoxication [ETOH (−)]. The secondary objective was to assess the effect of benzodiazepine co-administration with risperidone on vital signs. Methods This was a retrospective chart review of patients who received oral risperidone for acute agitation at two university EDs between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2015. Vital signs (oxygen saturation, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate) were compared in patients who had ingested alcohol with those who had not. Results There were 785 patients without evidence of alcohol intoxication who received risperidone in the ED, and 52 patients with alcohol intoxication who received risperidone. Overall, risperidone with and without alcohol intoxication and benzodiazepine administration had no statistically significant effect on vital signs (p = ns for all comparisons). Conclusion This study suggests that oral risperidone may be a safe option for acute agitation in patients presenting to the ED with alcohol intoxication.
Work disability in the United States, 1968–2015 : Prevalence, duration, recovery, and trends

The United States workforce is aging. At the same time more people have chronic conditions, for longer periods. Given these trends the importance of work disability, physical or nervous problems that limit a person's type or amount of work, is increasing. No research has examined transitions among multiple levels of work disability, recovery from work disability, or trends. Limited research has focused on work disability among African Americans and Hispanics, or separately for women and men. We examined these areas using data from 30,563 adults in the 1968-2015 Panel Study of Income Dynamics. We estimated annual probabilities of work disability, recovery, and death with multinomial logistic Markov models. Microsimulations accounting for age and education estimated outcomes for African American, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white women and men. Results from these nationally representative data suggested that the majority of Americans experience work disability during working life. Most spells ended with recovery or reduced severity. Among women, African Americans and Hispanics had less moderate and severe work disability than whites. Among men, African Americans became severely work disabled more often than whites, recovered from severe spells more often and had shorter severe spells, yet had more severe work disability at age 65. Hispanic men were more likely to report at least one spell of severe work disability than whites; they also had substantially more recovery from severe work disability, and a lower percentage of working years with work disability. Among African Americans and Hispanics, men were considerably more likely than women to have severe work disability at age 65. Work disability declined significantly across the study period for all groups. Although work disability has declined over several decades, it remains common. Results suggest that the majority of work disability spells end with recovery, underscoring the importance of rehabilitation and workplace accommodation.
Game Theory and the Law

This chapter introduces the history, uses, methods, strengths, and limits of law and economics and game theory as applied to law. Through a game-theoretic analysis of a famous judicial opinion, United States v. Carroll Towing, the chapter describes the efficiency consequences of different potential legal rules and illustrates some of the considerations and challenges inherent in selecting the efficient legal rule. The chapter also highlights some of the trade-offs inherent in the law and economics approach and in employing game theory as a tool for modeling legal problems.
Lidocaine as Topical Anesthesia for Bladder Mappings and Cold-Cup Biopsies

We describe the use of lidocaine as a topical anesthetic for 35 patients undergoing random bladder biopsies (bladder mappings) and cold-cup resection of small bladder lesions. Serum lidocaine levels were measured 7 to 10 minutes after instillation of the anesthetic using fluorescent polarization immunoassay. Adequate pain control was noted in 33 of 35 patients (94%), with negligible serum lidocaine levels noted in all 35. One patient had a 2 cm. tumor on the anterior wall of the bladder making resection with topical anesthesia suboptimal and 1 patient required 1 mg. supplemental intravenous midazolam hydrochloride to complete the procedure. We conclude that topical lidocaine is a safe, inexpensive and effective mode of anesthesia for bladder mappings and cold-cup biopsies of small bladder lesions. However, it may be inadequate for lesions large enough to require resection rather than cold-cup biopsy and those at poorly accessible regions of the bladder.
Information Resources and Database Development for Defense Against Biological Weapons

The events in the United States on September 11, 2001, the subsequent dissemination of anthrax through the mail, and the existence of biological weapons programs in other nations have raised the public’s concern about the detection and medical management of biological agents, whether on the battlefield or in a civilian environment. This concern is heightened by advances in molecular biology, and the ease of information flow via the Internet (http://www.usamriid.army.mil/education/index.html).
THE MICROHARDNESS INDENTATION SIZE / LOAD EFFECT (ISE) IN SINGLE - CRYSTAL, BERLINITE

The Knoop microhardness and their load dependencies were measured for indentation test loads from 25 to 300 grams on the (1010), (1210), (1011), and (0001) planes of single-crystal Berlinite. The Knoop indentations were made at room temperature for test loads 25, 50, 75, 100, 200, and 300 grams at an indentation rate of 0.017 mm/sec for a dwell time of 15 sec, respectively. Twelve individual indentations at each orientation and test load were made at 15 or 22.5 degrees orientation intervals on the each planes. The 95% confidence intervals were calculated by applying the “t”-distribution. The microhardness profiles are discussed relative to the structure of Berlinite, and the indentation load/size effect (ISE) is addressed for Berlinite. ISE with Meyer's law exponent is, equal to 1.8807 for the [1210] and 1.8341 for the [0001] on the plane (1010), equal to 1.7966 for the [1010] and 1.7747 for the [0001] on the plane (1210), equal to 1.8572 for the both [1210] and [1210] and 1.7966 for the [1011] on the plane (1011), equal to 1.9210 for the [1010], [2110],[1100],[1210],[0110],[1120], and [1010] on the plane (0001).
Net caloric cost and electromyographic responses to seated leg presses performed against inertial resistance

An inertia-based ergometer is among the latest devices suggested to abate space flight-induced muscle deconditioning. The current study uses separate sets of subjects to assess net caloric cost (n = 14) and electromyography (EMG) (n = 46) responses to leg presses done on the ergometer. All subjects performed the eight-repetition protocol three times over a two-week period. Net caloric cost measurements entailed indirect calorimetry from O 2 uptakes resulting from exercise on the ergometer. EMG subjects provided first and eighth repetition work, root mean square (RMS) and mean power frequency (MPF) data. Work output was more correlated to net caloric cost (r = 0.83, p < 0.05) than were anthropometric variables. EMG subject data showed work had gender-by-muscle-action and repetition-by-muscle-action effects, with male concentric and first repetition concentric data responsible the respective interactions. From the first to the eighth repetition, eccentric work incurred insignificant changes. RMS had a repetition-by-muscle-action effect, with eighth eccentric repetition data the source of the interaction. MPF showed an effect for repetition (eighth < first). In lieu of significant eighth-repetition RMS and MPF changes, high-threshold lengthening motor unit recruitment and/or greater series elastic element activity may explain the lack of eccentric work losses.
A randomized trial of yoga for stress and substance use among people living with HIV in reentry

Abstract Background People in reentry from prison or jail (returning citizens) living with HIV and substance use problems often experience numerous stressors and are at high risk for resumed substance use. Interventions are needed to manage stress as a pathway to reduced substance use. Objective This study explored the effect of a hatha yoga intervention as compared to treatment as usual on stress and substance use among returning citizens living with HIV and substance use problems. Methods Participants were randomized to either a 12-session, 90-minute weekly yoga intervention or treatment as usual. All participants were clients of a service provider for returning citizens that offered case management, health care, and educational classes. Outcomes included stress as measured by the Perceived Stress Scale at the completion of the yoga intervention (three-months) and substance use as measured by the Timeline Followback at one-month, two-months, and three-months. Results Seventy-five people were enrolled, two of whom were withdrawn from the study because they did not have HIV. Of the 73 remaining participants, 85% participated in the three-month assessment. At three-months, yoga participants reported less stress than participants in treatment as usual [F (1,59) = 9.24, p Conclusion Yoga interventions for returning citizens living with HIV and substance use problems may reduce stress and substance use. This finding is tentative because the control group did not receive an intervention of equal time and intensity.
Democratizing Authority in the Built Environment

Operating systems and applications in the built environment have relied upon central authorization and management mechanisms that restrict their scalability, especially with respect to administrative overhead. We propose a new set of primitives encompassing syndication, security, and service execution that unifies the management of applications and services across the built environment, while enabling participants to individually delegate privilege across multiple administrative domains with no loss of security or manageability. We show how to leverage a decentralized authorization syndication platform to extend the design of building operating systems beyond the single administrative domain of a building. The authorization system leveraged is based on blockchain smart contracts to permit decentralized and democratized delegation of authorization without central trust. Upon this, a publish/subscribe syndication tier and a containerized service execution environment are constructed. Combined, these mechanisms solve problems of delegation, federation, device protection and service execution that arise throughout the built environment. We leverage a high-fidelity city-scale emulation to verify the scalability of the authorization tier, and briefly describe a prototypical democratized operating system for the built environment using this foundation. This is an extension of work presented in Ref. [3].
19 Do clinical measures relate to running asymmetries in patients with achilles tendinopathy

Introduction Achilles tendinopathy is an overuse injury that commonly sidelines runners and has a reinjury rate of 44%. Aberrant loading patterns during the return-to-sports (RTS) phase may partially explain reinjury rates, but it remains unknown if clinical measures are associated with loading behaviors. Therefore, we aimed to establish relationships between side-to-side differences in running mechanics and side-to-side differences in clinical measures of pain, tendon structure, and calf muscle function. Materials and methods 12 runners with Achilles tendinopathy were included (age:44±11 y; height:171±10 cm; mass:70±12 kg; VISA-A score:71±10; current mileage:40±29 km/wk). Participants completed a 7 min run at endurance pace (2.9±0.3 m/s) on an instrumented treadmill with retroreflective markers affixed to their lower extremities. After a 6 min familiarization period, marker trajectories and ground reaction forces were sampled. Sagittal plane ankle joint moments and powers were calculated and a musculoskeletal model was used to estimate Achilles tendon loads. Pain-pressure threshold, tendon geometry, and calf muscle endurance were measured bilaterally with algometry, ultrasound imaging, and the heel-rise endurance test, respectively. Results Side-to-side differences in pain-pressure threshold were significantly related to side-to-side differences in Achilles tendon loading rate (r=0.62; p=0.03) and peak plantarflexion moment (r=0.58, p=0.05). Side-to-side differences in peak eccentric ankle joint power were significantly related to side-to-side differences in tendon thickness (r=0.59, p=0.04) and cross-sectional area (r=0.73; p=0.01). Side-to-side differences in calf muscle endurance was significantly related to Achilles tendon loading rate (r=0.64; p=0.03). Conclusion Clinical measures of pain and calf muscle endurance relate to side-to-side differences in Achilles tendon loading rates during running, while tendon geometry relates to eccentric ankle joint power.
The Practice of Crowdsourcing

Abstract Many data-intensive applications that use machine learning or artificial intelligence techniques depend on humans providing the initial dataset, enabling algorithms to process the rest or ...
Hematopoietic Cell Cluster Identifier (HCCI): A Knowledgebase Computational Tool to Facilitate the Characterization of Hematopoietic Cell Populations in Single Cell RNA-Sequencing

Single cell transcriptional profiling is critical to interrogate cell types, states and functionality in a complex tissue or disease. Despite rapid advancements in single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis, major challenge remains in identification of distinct cell types based on specific molecular signatures. Few databases are available to facilitate cell-type characterization, however, their broad all-cells encompassing structure is deemed often inept. At present, manual curation is the only option. To address this, we developed a knowledgebase computational tool, HCCI, that identifies and characterizes up to 28 different hematopoietic cell types in a scRNA-seq dataset. Utilizing the knowledgebase comprised of ~1500 marker genes obtained from data mining, HCCI first uses a voting algorithm to search and match genes from a given cluster to a single or more possible cell type. Next, it normalizes score of each cluster-cell type pair to provide a percentage denoting a cluster to a specific cell-type. To demonstrate this, we utilized a dataset of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) available from 10X Genomics. As the cell populations are already known, this was an ideal dataset to evaluate the performance of HCCI. As expected, unsupervised clustering and UMAP algorithms identified 9 different clusters of cells conforming to the existing knowledge of this dataset. Differentially expressed genes from each cluster were input into HCCI, and the following unique clusters were identified: naive CD4 (cluster 1), M0 macrophage (cluster 2), CD8 T-cells (cluster 3), naive B-cell (cluster 4), cytotoxic T-cell (cluster 5), M1 macrophage (cluster 6), activated NK cell (cluster 7), monocyte (cluster 8) and plasmacytoid dendritic cell (cluster 9). Here using HCCI, an improvement in classification was observed for clusters 2,3,6,8 and 9 which were originally classified only in major blood cell types. Classification of clusters 1,4,5 and 7 remained unchanged. The classification by HCCI was observed to be much precise when compared to the manual curation performed originally. To our knowledge, HCCI is the only available tool for characterization of hematopoietic cells from scRNA-seq data. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
First Reported Case of Anti-N-methyl d-aspartate Receptor Encephalitis in a Child With Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis and Extreme Delta Brush.

Abstract Background Neuroimaging is an important step in the diagnostic workup of patients with suspected autoimmune encephalitis. Conventional MRI reveals abnormalities roughly half of the time. Functional neuroimaging, including FDG-PET scans, have an increased ability to detect changes in neuronal activity and have superior efficacy at correlating clinical course in NMDARe as well. Case History A five-year old patient was consulted for hemiparesis, catatonic features, perioral-facial dyskinesias, and subclinical status epilepticus. Initial brain MRI scans were unremarkable, but 18fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) showed global left cerebral hemisphere hypermetabolism in a crossed cerebro-cerebellar diaschisis distribution. Electroencephalography (EEG) revealed extreme delta brush pattern (EDB), characteristic for NMDARe, with blood and csf anti-NMDAR autoantibodies. Prompt treatment was initiated. In eight weeks, the serum autoantibody concentration was non-detectable, FDG-PET and EEG returned to normal, and conventional MRI scan had begun to show mild, faint signal in the right fronto-parietal cortex without any clinical correlate. At discharge, he had residual mild executive functioning deficits including poor problem solving, impulsivity and inattention which slowly improved with outpatient rehabilitative services. Conclusions NMDARe can be challenging to diagnose when sophisticated neuroimaging tools are not readily available. EEG pattern suggested NMDARe weeks prior to conventional MRI scans showed any, albeit non-specific, abnormalities. This is the first reported case, to our knowledge, of NMDARe with crossed cerebellar diaschisis and EDB. Functional neuroimaging modalities that infer neuronal activity/metabolism (BOLD sequence or FDG-PET) or perfusion (ASL) may detect upstream pathological features of NMDARe prior to typical diagnostic algorithms.
Influence of Culture on Investment Decisions: A Cross-Sectional Study of Ghanaian Population

Abstract: This study seeks to explore the influence of culture on the investment decisions of Ghanaians. It is motivated by the perception that Ghanaians show no enthusiasm for long-term investments or life insurance products. To explore this problem, we used a random sampling, quantitative cross-sectional technique to administer a set of questionnaires to a cross-section of 120 Ghanaians residing in the City of Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A. Hofstede’s five cultural dimensions were used as the theoretical framework to guide the study. The results showed that Ghanaians prefer short-duration risk-free investments to long-duration risky investments. Ghanaian investors are not aggressive in gathering and analyzing financial information before making investment decisions. Their investment decisions are influenced by others, intuition, comfort and security, and their belief systems, rather than rational analysis of information, and risk-reward relationships derived from financial models. The use of intuition and information passed on from relatives, family members and others in making investment decisions paves the way for cultural factors to influence investment decisions. We conclude that cultural values have significant influence on the investment decisions of Ghanaians. The study seeks to motivate investors to examine and broaden their cultural awareness to enable them to develop financial plans to achieve their investment goals. We recommend that to overcome negative cultural influence on investment decision making, financial education should be vigorously pursued to broaden financial literacy.
Growth of a highly ordered inhomogeneous kinetically trapped molecular monolayer

It is often assumed that the self-assembly of organic molecules on a noble-metal surface results in a structure that is in thermodynamic equilibrium. Here, using scanning tunnel microscopy, we observe instead a highly ordered metastable striped monolayer phase of zinc tetraphenylporphyrin, self-assembled at 300 K on Ag(100). The usually reported stable square phase is found only after higher-temperature annealing. We use a statistical mechanical model to reveal a possible molecular mechanism for this process, in which the competition of molecule and substrate interactions at the growth front leads to the growth of a kinetically trapped inhomogeneous ordered structure. Our proposed mechanism rests only on simple features of molecular geometry and interactions, and the resulting principles could be used to promote particular outcomes of growth in other examples of molecular assembly at surfaces.
Submission of Comments on Improving and Reforming Regulatory Enforcement and Adjudication at the Securities and Exchange Commission

The Office of Management and Budget solicited suggestions for “regulatory reforms that will better safeguard due process in the regulatory enforcement and adjudication settings.” 85 Fed. Reg. 5483 (January 30, 2020). That invitation was a rare opportunity to comment on the procedures agencies use to investigate potential misconduct and then to litigate charges in administrative proceedings. My comments addressed several enforcement and adjudication procedures at the Securities and Exchange Commission: (1) partiality issues with the heads of certain agencies including the SEC and with initial administrative proceedings before administrative law judges; (2) ways to make SEC investigations fairer for defendants and more efficient, (3) the need for a reasonable limitations period for bringing SEC enforcement claims, (4) the need to protect defendants from unfair settlement terms, (5) the dubious basis for imposing on a defendant the burden to prove the absence of liability when the SEC claims that an issuer’s sale of securities did not qualify for an exemption from the registration requirement, and (6) the need for the SEC and other agencies to apply prior judicial precedent faithfully in adjudications.
The SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effect is blocked with autophagy modulators

SARS-CoV-02 is a new type of coronavirus capable of rapid transmission and causing severe clinical symptoms; much of which has unknown biological etiology. It has prompted researchers to rapidly mobilize their efforts towards identifying and developing anti-viral therapeutics and vaccines. Discovering and understanding the virus' pathways of infection, host-protein interactions, and cytopathic effects will greatly aid in the design of new therapeutics to treat COVID-19. While it is known that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, extensively explored as clinical agents for COVID-19, have multiple cellular effects including inhibiting autophagy, there are also dose-limiting toxicities in patients that make clearly establishing their potential mechanisms-of-action problematic. Therefore, we evaluated a range of other autophagy modulators to identify an alternative autophagy-based drug repurposing opportunity. In this work, we found that 6 of these compounds blocked the cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero-E6 cells with EC50 values ranging from 2.0 to 13 μM and selectivity indices ranging from 1.5 to >10-fold. Immunofluorescence staining for LC3B and LysoTracker dye staining assays in several cell lines indicated their potency and efficacy for inhibiting autophagy correlated with the measurements in the SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effect assay. Our data suggest that autophagy pathways could be targeted to combat SARS-CoV-2 infections and become an important component of drug combination therapies to improve the treatment outcomes for COVID-19.
Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee: An Interrater Reliability Study of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics.

Background:Imaging characteristics of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions quantified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are often used to inform treatment and prognosis. However, the interrate...
An Ahistorical Approach to Elementary Physics

A goal of physics is to understand the greatest possible breadth of natural phenomena in terms of the most economical set of basic concepts. However, as the understanding of physics has developed historically, its pedagogy and language have not kept pace. This gap handicaps the student and the practitioner, making it harder to learn and apply ideas that are `well understood', and doubtless making it more difficult to see past those ideas to new discoveries. Energy, momentum, and action are archaic concepts representing an unnecessary level of abstraction. Viewed from a modern perspective, these quantities correspond to wave parameters, namely temporal frequency, spatial frequency, and phase, respectively. The main results of classical mechanics can be concisely reproduced by considering waves in the spacetime defined by special relativity. This approach unifies kinematics and dynamics, and introduces inertial mass not via a definition, but rather as the real-space effect of a reciprocal-space invariant.
Trajectory Control for 3 Degree-of-Freedom Wrist Prosthesis in Virtual Reality: A Pilot Study

Controlling a complex upper limb prosthesis, akin to a healthy arm, is still an open challenge due to the inadequate number of inputs available to amputees. Designs have therefore largely focused on a limited number of controllable degrees of freedom, developing a complex hand and grasp functionality rather than the wrist. We introduce a novel 3 degree of freedom wrist trajectory control which takes advantage of joint coordination that aims to vastly simplify its use in a prosthetic device. We demonstrate its efficacy through a series of tasks performed by participants in a virtual environment. Trajectory control enables users to complete tasks faster with a more intuitive interface without additional body compensation, while featuring better cosmesis when compared to sequential and simultaneous control.
The Role of Physical Therapy in the Care of Transgender Patients

Physical therapists are health care professionals who specialize in the musculoskeletal system. Physical therapists with additional training regarding pelvic floor dysfunction have the knowledge and skills to evaluate and treat transgender individuals who are experiencing pelvic pain, bowel, bladder, or sexual symptoms. This chapter will describe the American Physical Therapy Association’s patient management model as it pertains to transgender patients. After completing this chapter the reader should have a clearer understanding of the role of the physical therapist on the patient care team and physical therapy management of the transgender patient.
Characterization and measurement of hybrid gas journal bearings

This paper concentrates on the study of hybrid gas journal bearings (bearings with externally pressurized mass addition). It differs from most work in that it goes back to “basics” to explore the hydrodynamic phenomena in the bearing gap. This work compares geometrically identical bearings with 2 configurations of external pressurization, porous liners where mass-addition compensation is varied by varying the liner’s permeability, and bushings with 2 rows of 6 feedholes where the mass-addition compensation is varied by the feedhole diameter. Experimentally, prototype bearings with mass-addition compensation that spans 2 orders of magnitude with differing clearances are built and their aerostatic properties and mass addition characteristics are tested. A dimensionless time and mass compensation constant are suggested that are thought to be more ontologically meaningful for presenting extendible results. The findings indicate that the defined maximum achievable static bearing efficiency, over 2 orders of magnitude of mass addition compensation, is almost entirely determined by the bearing geometry and external pressurization configuration so long as the clearance is tuned to the mass compensation (larger mass compensation requires larger clearance). A “near surface effect” is discovered in feedhole bearings leading to a region of negative stiffness. This is analyzed by dissecting the pressure waves in the bearing gap and is attributed to the pressure plume emanating from the feedholes nearest the minimum bearing gap height.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
An Empirical Sea Ice Correction Algorithm for SMAP SSS Retrieval in the Arctic Ocean

Satellite observed sea surface salinity (SSS) reflects the spatial and temporal variability of surface freshwater, which is critical to monitoring the climate change in the Arctic Ocean. Our previous study found that SMAP SSS shows signatures consistent with the inter-annual anomalies of observed sea ice concentration and river discharge, but with large uncertainty (~1 psu) compared with limited in-situ data. One of error sources is the un-corrected sea ice contamination effect. The JPL SMAP algorithm retrieves SSS at each wind-salinity-cell if the matchup sea ice concentration (SIC) is less than 3% with no ice correction implemented yet. Since L-band brightness temperature (TB) of sea ice is much higher than that of seawater, SSS retrieved from TB from a field of view (FOV) mixed with water and ice will result in false fresh signature if the sea ice effect is not accurately accounted for. In this study, we develop an empirical observation-driven sea ice correction algorithm. We characterize the sea ice signature using SMAP TB and ancillary SIC data. The sea ice effect is corrected near ice edge where SIC is under a predetermined threshold for SSS retrieval. We consider the seasonal variation of TB over ice to be likely associated with seasonal change of physical temperature and summer melting pond. The sea ice fraction (ICEF) is calculated by integration of SIC over SMAP FOV weighted by antenna gain patterns. An empirical sea ice correction algorithm is proposed. The impact of sea ice correction is demonstrated by comparing TBs with or without sea ice correction.
Classification of Cervical Cancer Dataset

Cervical cancer is the leading gynecological malignancy worldwide. This paper presents diverse classification techniques and shows the advantage of feature selection approaches to the best predicting of cervical cancer disease. There are thirty-two attributes with eight hundred and fifty-eight samples. Besides, this data suffers from missing values and imbalance data. Therefore, over-sampling, under-sampling and embedded over and under sampling have been used. Furthermore, dimensionality reduction techniques are required for improving the accuracy of the classifier. Therefore, feature selection methods have been studied as they divided into two distinct categories, filters and wrappers. The results show that age, first sexual intercourse, number of pregnancies, smokes, hormonal contraceptives, and STDs: genital herpes are the main predictive features with high accuracy with 97.5%. Decision Tree classifier is shown to be advantageous in handling classification assignment with excellent performance.