cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immune adherence and the processing of soluble complement-fixing antibody/DNA immune complexes in mice☆

We have examined in mice the immune adherence (IA) reactivity and the fate (clearance kinetics and organ distribution) of a variety of preformed and nascent soluble antibody/125I-DNA immune complexes prepared at antibody excess. Parallel studies of the clearance kinetics and organ deposition of free DNA were also conducted. Preformed immune complexes prepared with large dsDNA wound to mouse platelets in vivo and exhibited clearance kinetics in general agreement with our previous observations in rabbits. Very little kidney deposition was evident for these immune complexes, but three to four times as many counts were found in the kidneys when free DNA was injected. Nascent immune complexes did form in the circulation, but in contradistinction to our previous studies of nascent immune complexes in rabbits and rhesus monkeys, these immune complexes did not demonstrate IA and had clearance kinetics and organ distributions intermediate between the preformed immune complexes and free DNA. Thus, complement-fixing antibody/DNA immune complexes that could form in the circulation might be cleared both via immune complex recognition mechanisms and via DNA recognition mechanisms. The role of IA in modulating the organ deposition of complement-fixing immune complexes is also discussed.
Method for constructing relativistic three-particle models of the pion-nucleon system

The Bakamjian-Thomas procedure is used to develop a method for constructing relativistic, instant form models of the pion-nucleon system. A limited model space is used to illustrate the method. The model space consists of a single-nucleon subspace, a pion-nucleon subspace, a two-pion-nucleon subspace, and a pion-sigma meson-nucleon subspace. A Poincar\'e invariant mass operator is constructed that includes vertex interactions that couple the various subspaces, as well as renormalization terms. It is shown that the pion-nucleon elastic scattering and production amplitudes can be obtained from the solution of a single, three-dimensional, integral equation of the Lippmann-Schwinger type. The effective pion-nucleon potential that appears in this equation contains contributions from direct and crossed nucleon exchanges along with sigma exchange. The production amplitudes are of the form that arises in isobar models. The elastic scattering and production amplitudes satisfy unitarity. The method developed makes it possible to extend existing coupled-channel models of the pion-nucleon system to include three-particle channels in such a way that the requirements of special relativity and unitarity are satisfied exactly.
The importance of insulator properties in a thin-film electroluminescent device

AC-coupled thin-film electroluminescent devices employ insulating layers to limit the current density through the active layers. The requirements and limitations in driving such devices are then dependent upon the properties of the dielectric layers. We define an external efficiency for an ac thin-film electroluminescent device and consider two limiting cases, current response 1) fast, and 2) slow, compared to an applied voltage change. Relationships are then derived among external efficiency, relative luminance, and the two principal characteristics of the insulating layer, specifically charge density at breakdown and thickness. It is shown, for example, that charge density at breakdown for the insulators should be at least three times the corresponding quantity for the active layer.
A Subsurface, Closed‐Loop System for Soil Carbon Dioxide and Its Application to the Gradient Efflux Approach

Carbon dioxide concentrations in the soil can vary both temporally and spatially. Methodology was developed to semicontinuously measure subsurface concentrations of CO 2 using expanded, porous Teflon (ePTFE) tubing. Lengths of ePTFE tubing (7.6 m) were buried at 0.02, 0.1, and 0.18 m below the soil surface in a Harps loam soil (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Calciaquoll) in central Iowa, and also positioned directly on the soil surface (0 m). Soil atmospheric gases that diffused through the walls of the tubing were circulated in a closed-loop design through solid-state CO 2 sensors to determine the concentration of CO 2 at each depth. Independent measures of CO 2 concentrations were also determined by sampling the in-line gas stream of the ePTFE system and from samples extracted from gas wells positioned near the buried tubing. Good agreement (r 2 >0.95) was observed between the ePTFE system and the independent measures, with the ePTFE having biases of 1.2 and 1.37 times greater than the in-line and gas well samples, respectively. The soil-gas diffusion coefficient of CO 2 (D s ) was determined using intact soil cores and values were about 2.5 times less than two popular models used to predict D s in soil. Estimates of CO 2 flux using Fick's Law, six approaches to determine the vertical CO 2 concentration gradient, and three methods to determine D s ranged from >800 to <1 μmol m -2 s -1 on Day of the Year 239.5. Although Fick's Law is commonly used to estimate CO 2 flux from soil, the approach used to determine the vertical CO 2 concentration gradient and method used to determine D s can both include sources of uncertainty.
Identification and characterization of a novel factor that regulates quinone reductase gene transcriptional activity.

Abstract The regulation of the quinone reductase (QR) gene as well as other genes involved in detoxification is known to be mediated by an electrophile/antioxidant response element (EpRE/ARE). We have previously observed that QR is up-regulated by the antiestrogen trans-hydroxytamoxifen in breast cancer cells. QR gene regulation by the antiestrogen-occupied estrogen receptor (ER) is mediated by the EpRE-containing region of the human QR gene, and the ER is one of the complex of proteins that binds to the EpRE. In an effort to further understand the mechanism for ER regulation of QR gene we identified other protein factors that regulate QR gene transcriptional activity in breast cancer cells. One of these protein factors, hPMC2 (human homolog of Xenopus gene whichprevents mitotic catastrophe), directly binds to the EpRE and interacts with the ER in yeast genetic screening and in vitro assays. Interestingly hPMC2 interacts more strongly to ERβ when compared with ERα. In transient transfection assays using reporter constructs containing the EpRE, hPMC2 alone can slightly activate reporter in ER-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The activation of QR gene activity by hPMC2 is enhanced in the presence of ERβ.
Tax Remission as a Means of Influencing Cyclical Fluctuations

Public investment may need to be supplemented as a means of stimulating recovery, 262. — Tax remission encourages entrepreneurs in two ways, 262. — No danger of encouraging development of excess capacity, 264. — Criteria for allotment of Tax Certificates, 267. — Mechanism of allotment, 269. — The magnitude of the plan, 271. — Inflexibility, 271. — Tax Remission versus Public Works, 273.
A First Edition of "Endymion"

Marchand writes about Rutgers' first edition of Keats's "Endymion" (1818), describing the bibliographical characteristics of the book and the significance of the poem.
Generalized transformations of random variables

Abstract We present a formula for all the densities that a random variable may have so that a given transform of it has a given density. The collection of densities which are changed by a prescribed transform to have a prescribed density may be called the generalized transformations of a random variable. This terminology is analogous to ‘generalized inverse’ for reasons given in the paper. Special cases include theorems of Roberts and Geisser: (i) the densities that a random variable may have if its mth absolute power is gamma (Roberts, 1971), (ii) the densities that a random variable may have if its square is gamma (Roberts and Geisser, 1966).
Prior treatment received by patients with bulimia nervosa

Objective This study examined the frequency with which subjects with bulimia nervosa (BN) presenting for treatment or follow-up studies had previously received either adequate pharmacologic treatment or cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Method Semi- structured telephone screening of individuals who called in response to advertisements about research studies was used to establish diagnoses and to clarify prior pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic treatments for BN. Results Of 581 women responding, 353 (60.8%) had probable BN. Overall, 61.4% of these subjects had received psychotherapy (96.7%) but rarely CBT (6.9%). Over one half (63.7%) had received pharmacologic treatment, most commonly with fluoxetine (72.5%). Of those having received any medication treatment, 46.2% were judged to have received at least one adequate trial. Overall, 35.0% of those previously treated had received at least one prior course of adequate pharmacotherapy or CBT for BN. Conclusion Although efficacious treatments for BN have been established, they have not been received by most individuals presenting for further treatment. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 25:39–44, 1999.
Suspecting thoracic aortic transection

Deceleration accidents produce a complex of potentially fatal thoracic injuries. Because early detection is the key to successful management of blunt trauma to the great vessels, emergency physicians must be knowledgeable of signs indicative of these complex injuries. Among more than 10,000 patients presenting to the Ben Taub Emergency Center over an 11-year period with thoracic injuries, 100 had clinical or radiographic clues suggestive of blunt trauma decelerative injury to the great vessels. Of these 100 patients, 23 had transection of the descending thoracic aorta and five had avulsion of the innominate artery. One patient had a double transection. Six patients died in the Emergency Center before proximal control could be achieved.
Arrival of Pinatubo disturbances in the stratospheric aerosol layer over Fort Collins, CO, observed by a lidar at 589 nm

Using the Colorado State Na Lidar, surges of stratospheric aerosols caused by the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo have been observed from August to December 1991 over Fort Collins, CO (40.6° N, 105° W), showing a clear increasing trend in stratospheric aerosol activities. These aerosol layers are characterized by the backscatter-ratio profile at 589 nm for altitudes from 12 km to 40 km.
Site isolation of emitters within cross-linked polymer nanoparticles for white electroluminescence.

The use of cross-linked polymer nanoparticles was explored to achieve site isolation of different emitters within a single emissive layer in an electroluminescent device. Encapsulation of the iridium emitters within the polymer nanoparticles led to the desired effect with minimal energy transfer from high bandgap chromophores to lower bandgap ones. The nanoparticles were easily dispersed in organic solvent for film casting while preserving particle shape. They behave as light emitting “inks”, enabling the tuning of electroluminescence through simple changes in the ratios of nanoparticles in the emissive film.
Overdoses are injuries too

Drug overdose should be treated as an injury to which prevention strategies should be applied
Multiplicative cones — a family of three eigenvalue graphs

The possibilities for a graph onn vertices with spectrum μ>β>−β and some vertex of valencen−1 are presented. Some of these are constructed.
Phospholipase C-gamma as a signal-transducing element.

A ubiquitous signaling event in hormonal responses is the phospholipase C (PLC)-catalyzed hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to produce the metabolite second messenger molecules inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. The former provokes a transient increase in intracellular free Ca2+, while the latter serves as a direct activator of protein kinase C. In tyrosine kinase-dependent signaling pathways this reaction is mediated by the PLC-γ isozymes. These are direct substrates of many tyrosine kinases in a wide variety of cell types. The mechanism of PLC-γ activation involves its association with and phosphorylation by receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases, as well as interaction with specialized adaptor molecules and, perhaps, other second messenger molecules. However, the biochemistry of PLC-γ is at a more advanced state than a clear understanding of exactly how this signaling element functions in the generation of a mitogenic response.
Mean-Value Theorem

We propose a new approach to the classical mean-value theorem in which two mean values are used instead of one. This approach is of especial importance for complex functions because there are no available theorems of this kind for these functions.
Empire films and the dissemination of Americanism in colonial India

In the 1930s, as literature and films representing the British empire were disseminated in Britain, the United States and colonial India, the narratives were transformed through reception and adaptation. The genre of pro-imperial or ‘empire films’ produced by British studios celebrated the continued international relevance of the British empire at a time of contestation by nationalist movements. American film adaptations of imperial narratives from the same period promoted an image of the United States as a global economic power even as Hollywood was confronted internationally with accusations of cultural imperialism and restrictive quotas to limit the number of American film imports. In colonial India, the empire films became a lightning rod for criticism about the misrepresentation of South Asia and a force against which filmmakers, journalists and industry representatives sought to articulate the values of a burgeoning national industry. Studying imperial narratives as they were created and circulated ...
Beyond the Group Project: A Blueprint for a Collaborative Writing Course

As more business writing instructors begin implementing collaborative writing and learning in their classrooms, few descriptions exist that show how collaboration might work in the context of an en...
Sampling design optimization for spatial functions

A new procedure is presented for minimizing the sampling requirements necessary to estimate a mappable spatial function at a specified level of accuracy. The technique is based on universal kriging, an estimation method within the theory of regionalized variables. Neither actual implementation of the sampling nor universal kriging estimations are necessary to make an optimal design. The average standard errorand maximum standard error of estimationover the sampling domain are used as global indices of sampling efficiency. The procedure optimally selects those parameters controlling the magnitude of the indices, including the density and spatial pattern of the sample elements and the number of nearest sample elements used in the estimation. As an illustration, the network of observation wells used to monitor the water table in the Equus Beds of Kansas is analyzed and an improved sampling pattern suggested. This example demonstrates the practical utility of the procedure, which can be applied equally well to other spatial sampling problems, as the procedure is not limited by the nature of the spatial function.
Designing Call Auction Institutions: Is Double Dutch The Best?

This paper is an exercise in the institutional design of' call markets' (Schwartz, I988; Whitcomb, I985) using the experimental laboratory as a test bed. We evaluate the comparative performance1 of three new institutions for exchange when all trades are simultaneously executed at a uniform price. Call markets have been used on many European (and Israeli) Stock Exchanges, and for the daily opening on the New York, American and Tokyo Stock Exchanges in all outstanding listed issues. In some versions the bids (offers) are verbal, in others written. In some cases the procedure is Walrasian: orders may be modified after a trial price is given (Whitcomb, I985; also see Jarecki, I976 for the Walrasian mechanism implemented with a unanimity stopping rule in the London bullion market). In France, new issues are offered in fixed quantity using modified uniform price sealed bid auction rules (McDonald and Jaquillat, I974). The rules of trading on all these exchanges are subject to incremental adjustment in the light of experience. In recognition of this continuing adaptation the Chicago Mercantile Exchange publishes its Consolidated Rules as a loose-leaf three ring notebook! These considerations motivate our interest in examining three potential new exchange mechanisms., As their names suggest, these institutions are generalisations of auctions which already exist in the field.2 Double Dutch (DD), is a generalisation of the Dutch Auction; Double English (EE), a generalisation of the English Auction; and, Dutch English (DE), a special form of tatonnement using a single clock which is a Dutch clock to buyers and an English clock to sellers. Our generalisations make the supply quantity endogenous thus broadening the scope of English and Dutch auctions to markets in which both buyers and sellers are active in the exchange process. Two cited disadvantages of sealed bid-offer call markets (Schwartz, I988, pp. 442-6) are corrected by
Physical Fitness Levels and Psychological States versus Traits

Summary.-10 men and 12 women joggers who had recently completed assessment of their aerobic capacity, were given the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, the Activation-Deactivation Adjective Check List, and Scales K, 2, 7, 9 , and 9-2 (Psychomotor acceleration) from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Multiple regression equations were constructed separately for each sex to determine the effect of statistical control of psychological states on the correlations between aerobic capacity and personality traits. The correlations between aerobic capaci:y and Factor B (Intelligence) for men and Factor C (Emotionality) for women, were substantially reduced when state variables were controlled, while correlations between aerobic capacity and Factors M (Imagination) for men and Q1 (Experimenting) for women were substantially enhanced by controlling for state variables. The results were interpreted as support for study of state variables as mediating factors in the relationship between physical fitness and personality. Replication with larger samples is necessary. Studies of the relationship between physical fitness and personality characteristics have generally shown significant personality differences between subjects high and low in fitness, and some studies have yielded small personality changes for those completing a time-limited physical fitness program. For groups of men ages 18 to 23 yr., Sharp and Reilley (1975) reported significant pretest correlations among five fitness measures, higher scores on Ego Strength, and lower scores on Scale 1 (Hypochondriasis), 3 (Hysteria), 5 (Masculinity/ Femininity), 7 ( Psychasthenia) , 8 (Schizophrenia), 0 (Social Introversion/ Extraversion), and the Anxiety Scale on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Pre- and Fosttest comparisons showed correlations between improved physical fitness and lower scores on Scales 2 (Depression), 6 (Paranoia), 7 (Psychasthenia), and 8 (Schizophrenia) on the MMPI (Sharp & Reilley, 1975). Hattung and Farge (1977) found that their group of male joggers and runners aged 40 to 60 yr., differed from the general public on Sixteen Personality Factors Test ( 16PF) Factors A (more reserved), B (more intelligent), F (more sober), H (more shy), M (more imaginative), N (more forthright), 42 (more self-sufficient), and were also more inrroverted (secondorder factor). Joesting ( 1981) reported scores of a group of runners on a test of depression were significantly lower than those of the normative sample.
FINANCING THE FLOW OF MAJOR HOME APPLIANCES

SEVERAL SCHOLARLY STUDIES are available on the sales financing of automobiles. Since nothing comparable exists for major home appliances, it appeared that an institutional study of their financing might be of some value. Major home appliances-the big kitchen and laundry appliances, radios, and television sets-are of significance in our economy and daily living. More than 45 million American families own, on the average, six major appliances; the total represents some $30 billion in unused consumer capital. Retail sales, mostly replacement, amount to more than $4 billion yearly and support nearly 100 appliance manufacturers, employing more than 300,000 workers, 3,000 distributors, and 30,000 dealers. Major appliances are durables of high unit value. They are especially useful for young families with children. Most of these families have inadequate incomes and reserves to acquire all desired consumer durables at once. Some 75 per cent of all major appliances are bought with credit. More than half are purchased with short-term instalment sales credit, but long-term financing of the essential appliances as fixtures in the home is increasing. The consumers' need for financing is reflected in the trade's needs for sales and inventory financing. Appliance dealers hold to maturity about 50 per cent of their instalment contracts; the remainder is sold-about three-fourths to commercial banks and the rest to sales finance companies and other institutions. Prior to World War II, external appliance financing for middlemen and consumers was considered inadequate. Sales finance companies concentrated on the more profitable automobile financing and banks were not interested in consumer credit. Most appliance manufacturers, unlike automobile manufacturers, supported their middlemen with liberal open-account trade credit. Today, most of the middlemen and consumers have adequate
System engineering process-six key phases

System engineering ensures the delivery of the optimum system that best meets all requirements and provides the proper balance of performance, cost, schedule and risk. System engineering has now been applied to the transit industry, forming the backbone of the technical management of the Docklands System Prime Contract. There are six key phases. This paper describes how there is really no magic, just the disciplined application of process and tools to specify, document and manage the delivery ofa system.
The basic speech communication course: Establishing minimal oral competencies and exemption procedures

An approach is presented to define oral communication competency, with a report of a project to measure “minimal competency” in cognitive and behavioral/performance dimensions of oral communication. Included are a taxonomy of sample competencies for the basic course and an approach to criterion‐referenced measurement. Implications are made for achieving the designated competencies through several basic courses which have similar desired learning outcomes but employ appropriate and unique activities to achieve the behavioral goals.
Temperature dependence of mechanical characteristics of wheel steels

We investigate the influence of high temperatures (to 800°C) on the mechanical characteristics of medium- and high-strength wheel steels. It is shown that the lower the austenization temperature and the sharper the increase in the plasticity, which is caused by the dissolution of vanadium carbides and carbonitrides in a high-strength steel, the more favorable the conditions of formation of flat-type defects on the rolling surface of high-strength wheels (of KP-T type) against those for medium-strength wheels (of KP-2 type).
Developmental and Population Commonalities in Affective Expression: A Confirmatory Factor Analytic Approach

Simultaneous factor analysis of interview data from 1,641 respondents confirms a structural model for the expression of affectivity which appears to generalize across ages of both children and adolescents and across normal and psychopathological populations. The four-dimensional solution obtained here suggests that factors associated with deviations in feeling, relating, thinking, and impetuosity may represent stable attributes measurable from the Structured Pediatric Psychosocial Interview.
Generation and propagation of normal and abnormal pacemaker activity in network models of cardiac sinus node and atrium

Effects of cell-to-cell coupling conductance on dynamics of sinus node cells are examined. Cell models are biophysically detailed, and are based on the kinetic equations developed by Noble et al. [Neuronal and Cellular Oscillators, edited by J. W. Jacklet, Marcel Deckker, New York (1989).] Resistively coupled cell pairs show five regimes of behavior as a function of coupling conductance: (1) independent oscillation for Gc < 1 pS; (2) primarily quasiperiodic oscillation for 1 ⩽ Gc < 116 pS; (3) windows of periodic behavior which undergo period doubling bifurcation to chaos for 116 ⩽ Gc < 212 pS; (4) frequency entrainment for Gc ⩾ 212 pS; (5) waveform entrainment for Gc ⩾ 50 nS. Thus, only 4–5 gap junction channels are required for frequency entrainment. This is shown to also be the case for large networks of sinus cells modeled on the Connection Machine CM-5. A biophysically detailed two-dimensional network model of the cardiac atrium has also been implemented on the CM-5 supercomputer. The model is used to study effects of spatially localized inhibition of the Na-K pump. Na overloading produced by pump inhibition can induce spontaneous, propagating ectopic beats within the network. At a cell-to-cell coupling value yielding a realistic plane wave conduction velocity of 60cms−1 pump inhibition in small regions of the network containing as few as 1000 cells can induce propagating ectopic beats.
Trace Metal Content in Aspirin and Women's Cosmetis via Proton Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE)

A multielemental analysis to determine the trace metal content of generic and name-brand aspirins and name-brand lipsticks was done via proton induced x-ray (PIXE) measurements. The Hope College PIXE system is described as well as the target preparation methods. The trace metal content of twelve brands of aspirin and aspirin substitutes and fourteen brands of lipstick are reported. Detection limits for most elements are in the range of 100 parts per billion (ppb) to 10 parts per million (ppm).
Emotional Deficits in Military-Related PTSD: An Investigation of Content and Process Disturbances

To expound on the nature of emotional deficits in PTSD, the current study investigated the relationships among emotion content and process variables and PTSD symptomatology in a sample of 85 veterans with military-related trauma. Alexithymic externally oriented thinking and negative affectivity emerged as the most consistent predictors of PTSD symptoms; however, depression was the only variable associated with emotional numbing. Theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed, as well as future research directions including the collateral and clinician assessment of emotional functioning, use of other process measures, and inclusion of various control groups.
Preschool-Age Adopted Chinese Girls’ Behaviors That Were Most Concerning to Their Mothers

Children's behavioral difficulties are a major source of parental concern. The goals of the current study were to (1) describe preschool-age adopted Chinese girls’ behaviors that were most concerning to their adoptive mothers and (2) examine the relation between children's concerning behaviors and parent/child demographics. Qualitative data from 422 mothers on 480 adopted Chinese girls (M = 44.2 months, SD = 15.2) were collected using three sequenced methods (i.e., open-ended question, follow-ups, and a focus group discussion). These girls were adopted at 3 to 60 months of age (M = 13.8, SD = 8.0) and had lived in the adoptive homes for at least 6 months (M = 30.2, SD = 14.4). Data analysis showed that 242 (57.3%) mothers (representing 274 girls) reported one to three concerning behaviors per child (total = 323 concerns), including behaviors that indicated attachment problems (107 or 33.1%), poor social skills (46 or 14.2%), language/speech problems (42 or 13%), sleep problems (29 or 9%), health/physical ...
Serum Progesterone and Estrogens in Elephants

Serum progesterone and estrogens were measured by radioimmunoassay in the serum of immature, mature, and pregnant African and Asian elephants. Progesterone was elevated from 26 to 215 pg/ml in nonpregnant animals and up to 480 pg/ml in late pregnancy animals. No relationship to reproductive state was evident for the low levels of estrogens which ranged from 9 to 37 pg/ml.
AR in the library: A pilot study of multi-target acquisition usability

Libraries use call numbers to organize their books and enable patrons to locate them. To keep the books in order, library workers conduct a time-consuming and tedious task called “shelf-reading.” Workers look at the call numbers on the spines of each book in the library, one at a time, to make sure they are in the correct places. ShelvAR is an augmented reality shelf-reading system for smart phones that reduces time spent, increases accuracy, and produces an inventory of the books on their shelves as a byproduct. Shelf-reading requires rapid acquisition of many targets (books). Unlike many target acquisition tasks considered in the AR literature, the user is not trying to select a single target from among many. Instead, the user is trying to scan all of the targets, and must be able to easily double-check that none were missed. Our goal is to explore the usability of augmented reality applications for this type of “multiple target acquisition” task. We present the results of a pilot study on the effectiveness of ShelvAR. We demonstrate that individuals with no library experience are just as fast and accurate, when using ShelvAR, as experienced library workers at the shelf-reading task.
KNUDSEN CELL STUDIES OF THE UPTAKE OF GASEOUS HNO3 AND OTHER OXIDES OF NITROGEN ON SOLID NACL : THE ROLE OF SURFACE-ADSORBED WATER

A newly designed and constructed Knudsen cell has been tested by measuring the reaction probability for gaseous N2O5 on 65% H2SO4/H2O at 210−230 K to be 0.075 ± 0.047 (2σ), which is in excellent agreement with the literature value. This cell has been applied to the study of gaseous HNO3 reactions with NaCl small crystals and ground powders at 298 K. A rapid initial uptake of HNO3 and production of gaseous HCl are observed when the crystals and powders are pumped but not heated prior to reaction. After this rapid initial reaction, a constant uptake of HNO3 and formation of HCl is observed from which a reaction probability of (1.4 ± 0.6) × 10-2 (2 σ) is calculated. When possible systematic errors (including uncertainties in the effective surface area available for reaction) are taken into account, the overall uncertainty is estimated to be about a factor of 2. The measured reaction probability is independent of the size or preparation of the salt crystals as well as the number of layers of salt in the sampl...
From E Pluribus Unum to Caveat Emptor: How Neoliberal Policies are Capturing and Dismantling the Liberal University

This article provides an account of how neoliberal policies are currently in the process of capturing and dismantling the liberal pubic university that was constructed in various places around the world in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The article examines the political and epistemic relationship between liberalism, embedded liberalism, the state, and the organizational forms that the university would take throughout most of the twentieth century. It provides an overview of some of the specific neoliberal efforts to transform universities into servants of the economy and how business interests came to capture the university over the last few decades with the help of the new “enterprising state.” This article concludes by examining what these recent changes mean for the future of both the liberal university as we have known it, and the larger quest for education in a democratic society.
A Flexible UWB Elliptical Slot Antenna with a Tuning Uneven U-shape Stub on LCP for Microwave Tumor Detection

In recent years, pulsed microwave imaging in the gigahertz range has been suggested as a promising complementing methodology to the currently existing detection and imaging techniques. This technique is based on significant electrical contrast between the cancerous and healthy breast tissue in the microwave range. In this paper, we investigate tumor detection capabilities of the CPW-fed elliptical slot antenna with a tuning uneven U-shape stub on flexible liquid crystal polymer (LCP) in the UWB Microwave range of frequencies. This topology features excellent capabilities to detect tumors of different sizes and orientations and could potentially revolutionize the detection of ultra-small tumors through the use of antenna-array conformal diagnostic "pouches".
Interferon-Sepharose: induction of the antiviral state.

Summary Mouse (L cell) interferon has been covalently attached to Sepharose beads. The interferon-Sepharose beads induce resistance in L cells to virus replication. It is concluded that interferon induces resistance to viral replication from the cell surface only without entry into the cell.
Interpreting Media Representations of a “Night of Madness”: Law and Culture in the Construction of Rape Identities

This article compares U.S. and Kenyan media representations of an incident at a Kenyan boarding school during which many young women were raped and several killed by their male schoolmates. The author's analysis of print media accounts reveals that how the press constructed the identities of “rapists” and “victims” relied on nationally specific stereotypes, myths, and scripts of rape and its relation to differences of culture, race, and rationality. U.S. accounts simultaneously explain the rapes by emphasizing difference and foreground legal constructions of rape identities that meat experiences of rape as essentially similar. The tension over difference and law in the U.S. accounts parallels the highly visible, though largely unproductive, debate among feminists pitting cultural relativism against legal universalism, and such dichotomized approaches preclude the development of politically useful conceptions of rape and rape identities. The analysis suggests that issues raised in the Kenyan press-the relation between sexual practices and rape and the state's role in furthering sexual violence-directed attention to complexities of rape and power elided by the m o w legal models pervasive in U. S . media and scholarly representations of rape. She concludes that fighting rape more effectively entails exposing limited representational practices and also attending to a broader range of understandings of rape and rape identities in various contexts
Modeling and control of an electric variable valve timing system for SI and HCCI combustion mode transition

This paper models an electric variable valve timing (VVT) system and develops the corresponding controller for the electric VVT system. The studied electric VVT uses a planetary gear system for engine cam timing control; and a cyclic torque disturbance is applied to the cam shaft. The main motivation of utilizing the electric VVT system is for the mode transition control between the spark ignited (SI) and homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustions due to its fast response time. During the combustion mode transition between SI and HCCI operations, it is required for the engine cam timing to follow a desired trajectory to make the smooth combustion mode transition possible. This is mainly due to the fact that the engine valve timings effect the engine recompression operation that is directly associated with the start of HCCI combustion. A control oriented electric VVT model was developed and closed-loop control strategies were developed to maintain the cam phase at a desired level, as well as to follow a desired trajectory during the combustion mode transition. Simulation results are included.
Choroidal rupture associated with forceps delivery.

Abstract PURPOSE: To report a case of choroidal rupture associated with forceps delivery. METHOD: Case report. RESULTS: We examined a 4-year-old boy with a history of a retinal scar in the right eye. The child was delivered with forceps and had bitemporal ecchymoses at birth. There was no other history of trauma. Ophthalmoscopic examination of the right eye with a vision of counting fingers revealed linear scars from choroidal rupture in the posterior pole, including one through the macula. Anterior segment examination was normal. Examination of the left eye was completely normal. CONCLUSION: Ocular trauma associated with forceps delivery may rarely result in choroidal ruptures, even in the absence of external signs of injury, such as breaks in Descemet membrane.
Genetic Evidence for a Connection between Rous Sarcoma Virus Gag Nuclear Trafficking and Genomic RNA Packaging

The packaging of retroviral genomic RNA (gRNA) requires cis-acting elements within the RNA and trans-acting elements within the Gag polyprotein. The packaging signal psi, at the 5' end of the viral gRNA, binds to Gag through interactions with basic residues and Cys-His box RNA-binding motifs in the nucleocapsid. Although specific interactions between Gag and gRNA have been demonstrated previously, where and when they occur is not well understood. We discovered that the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) Gag protein transiently localizes to the nucleus, although the roles of Gag nuclear trafficking in virus replication have not been fully elucidated. A mutant of RSV (Myr1E) with enhanced plasma membrane targeting of Gag fails to undergo nuclear trafficking and also incorporates reduced levels of gRNA into virus particles compared to those in wild-type particles. Based on these results, we hypothesized that Gag nuclear entry might facilitate gRNA packaging. To test this idea by using a gain-of-function genetic approach, a bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) derived from the nucleoplasmin protein was inserted into the Myr1E Gag sequence (generating mutant Myr1E.NLS) in an attempt to restore nuclear trafficking. Here, we report that the inserted NLS enhanced the nuclear localization of Myr1E.NLS Gag compared to that of Myr1E Gag. Also, the NLS sequence restored gRNA packaging to nearly wild-type levels in viruses containing Myr1E.NLS Gag, providing genetic evidence linking nuclear trafficking of the retroviral Gag protein with gRNA incorporation.
Atmospheric Ammonia and Broiler Cockerel Performance

Abstract Effects of atmospheric ammonia at 0, 25, and 50 ppm in relation to time on broiler cockerels were studied. Average body weights, feed efficiencies, air sac scores, and paired-lung and bursa of Fabricius weights were determined from 10 birds per replicate at 28, 40, and 49 days of age. Carcass condemnations and USDA carcass grades were measured at 49 days of age. Feed efficiency at 49 days of age was significantly affected (P≤.01) by ammonia levels. Broilers subjected to 50 ppm ammonia from 1 through 49 days were least efficient. Broilers subjected to 50 and 25 ppm ammonia from 1 to 28 days and adjusted to 25 ppm ammonia from 29 to 49 days were next least efficient, followed by 50 and 25 ppm ammonia groups from 1 to 28 days and reduced to 0 ppm ammonia from 29 to 49 days. Control birds (0 ppm ammonia) from 1 to 49 days were most efficient. Average body weights, air sac scores, lung weights, and bursa of Fabricius weights as a percentage of live body weight, carcass grades, and condemnations were not significantly affected by treatment. The results indicated ammonia levels of 25 and 50 ppm from day of age in conjunction with Newcastle infectious bronchitis (Mass.) vaccination at 21 days of age can adversely affect feed efficiency of broiler cockerels and thereby increase cost of production.
Marked Discordance Between Dynamic and Passive Diastolic Pressure-Volume Relations in Idiopathic Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Background Dynamic diastolic pressure-volume curves measured during filling (PVRfill) in patients with idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are often considerably shallower than would be anticipated if one assumed high chamber stiffness. We hypothesized that these curves deviate markedly from the passive end-diastolic pressure-volume relation (EDPVR) and explored the mechanisms for such a discordance. Methods and Results We used invasive pressure-volume analysis and conductance catheter methodology to study 42 patients. Nine had HCM, and the remaining patients comprised three comparison groups: 11 with normal left ventricular (LV) function, 13 with LV hypertrophy secondary to chronic hypertension (LVH-HTN), and 9 with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). EDPVRs were recorded during balloon catheter obstruction of inferior vena cava inflow. In normal subjects, LVH-HTN patients, and DCM patients, PVRfill curves deviated only slightly from the passive EDPVR. In striking contrast, HCM patients dis...
Typed cross-module compilation

Higher-order modules are very effective in structuring large programs and defining generic, reusable software components. Unfortunately, many compilation techniques for the core languages do not work across the module boundaries. As a result, few optimizing compilers support these module facilities well.This paper exploits the semantic property of ML-style modules to support efficient cross-module compilation. More specifically, we present a type-directed translation of the MacQueen-Tofte higher-order modules into a predicative variant of the polymorphic λ-calculus Fω. Because modules can be compiled in the same way as ordinary polymorphic functions, standard type-based optimizations such as representation analysis immediately carry over to the module languages.We further show that the full-transparency property of the MacQueen-Tofte system yields a near optimal cross-module compilation framework. By propagating various static information through the module boundaries, many static program analyses for the core languages can be extended to work across higher-order modules.
Effects of Precursor Composition on the Local Structure of Cu Dispersed on Mesoporous Silica: A Detailed X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study

A low-temperature grafting approach using two CuI molecular precursors ([CuOSi(OtBu)3]4 and [CuOtBu]4) and a high-temperature exchange reaction using CuCl were utilized with a mesoporous silica support (SBA-15) to investigate the effects of catalyst preparation on the nature of copper−support interactions and site speciation. Detailed X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine-structure studies (EXAFS) studies were performed to characterize the nature of the Cu sites and the Cu−support interactions. The freshly prepared materials from the nonaqueous grafting of [CuOSi(OtBu)3]4 (CuOSi/SBA (x.x), where x.x refers to the Cu weight %) exhibit CuI site isolation (by EXAFS and XANES). In contrast, EXAFS and XANES studies of the freshly prepared materials from the nonaqueous grafting of [CuOtBu]4 (CuOtBu/SBA (x.x)) suggest that the Cu−O−Cu linkages of the molecular precursor remain intact upon interacting with the support. Isolated CuI sites are observed as the major speci...
Etk/Bmx, a PH-domain containing tyrosine kinase, protects prostate cancer cells from apoptosis induced by photodynamic therapy or thapsigargin

Prostate carcinoma (PCA) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in American men. PCA at advanced stages can both proliferate abnormally and resist apoptosis. Among the many known signal transduction pathways, phosphatidylinositide-3'OH kinase (PI3-kinase) has been shown to play an important role in cell survival and resistance to apoptosis. In this study, we investigate the involvement of Etk/Bmx, a newly discovered tyrosine kinase that is a substrate of PI3-kinase, in protection of prostate cancer cells from apoptosis. Parental LNCaP cells and two derivative cell lines, one overexpressing wild type Etk (Etkwt) and the other expressing a dominant negative Etk (EtkDN), were used to study the function of Etk. The cells were treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT), a newly approved cancer treatment which employs a photosensitizer and visible light to produce an oxidative stress in cells, often leading to apoptosis. Our results indicate that PDT induces apoptosis in LNCaP cells, as measured by DNA fragmentation and by cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and moreover, the extent of apoptosis was much reduced in Etkwt cells as compared to LNCaP or EtkDN cells. Assay of overall cell viability confirmed that Etkwt cells were considerably less sensitive to PDT than were the parental LNCaP or EtkDN cells. Similar results were found in response to thapsigargin (TG). A specific inhibitor of PI3-kinase, LY294002, abolished Etk activity and markedly increased TG-induced PARP cleavage. The results suggest that Etk/Bmx is an efficient effector of PI3-kinase and that the newly described PI3-kinase/Etk pathway is involved in the protection of prostate carcinoma cells from apoptosis in response to PDT or TG.
The Thermal Shear-Transformation-Zone Theory: Homogeneous Flow and Superplasticity in Bulk Metallic Glasses

We present an extended version of our earlier shear-transformation-zone theory of amorphous plasticity that takes into account thermally assisted molecular rearrangements. As in the previous low-temperature theory a transition is predicted between jammed and flowing states at a well defined yield stress. In the new theory the jammed state below the yield stress exhibits thermally assisted creep. The theory accounts for the experimentally observed strain-rate dependence of the viscosity of a bulk metallic glass. In particular it models the onset of superplastic behavior at high strain rates as the system approaches the yield stress. The theory also captures many of the details of the transient stress-strrain response of the metallic glass at temperatures near the glass transition.
Socially mediated pitch alteration by territorial male bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana

Acoustic communication signals play important roles in aggressive social interactions between male anuran amphibians (Wells, 1977). For example, a number of studies demonstrate that male frogs behaviorally discriminate between two conspecific signals that differ in size-related spectral properties during conflicts over mates, calling sites, or territories (Davies and Halliday, 1978; Arak, 1983; Ramer et al., 1983; Given, 1987). In anurans, spectral call properties, such as dominant or fundamental frequency, are usually negatively correlated with body size because of morphological constraints on the sound producing apparatus (Martin, 1972). Because larger male frogs typically win fights against smaller males (e.g., Howard, 1978; Arak, 1983; Given, 1988), spectral properties of frog calls are often cited as a classic example of an honest, "unbluffable" signal of fighting ability (Wiley, 1983; Alcock, 1998; Bradbury and Vehrencamp, 1998). In playback tests, male frogs are often more likely to persistently attack sources of the high-frequency calls of simulated small males, whereas they typically stop calling or abandon their calling sites in response to the low-frequency calls of a simulated large opponent (e.g., Davies and Halliday, 1978; Arak, 1983; Wagner, 1989). There is growing evidence, however, that spectral properties of frog calls may be plastic, especially during social interactions among competing males. Lopez et al. (1988) first demonstrated frequency alteration in white-lipped frogs (Leptodactylus albilabris), in which males increased or decreased the dominant frequency of their calls to match that of a nearby male. Wagner (1989, 1992) and Bee and Perrill (1996) demonstrated, respectively, that male cricket frogs (Acris crepitans) and green frogs (Rana clamitans) reliably decreased the dominant frequency of their calls during simulated aggressive interactions over calling sites. Males of the erspect. Plant Ecology and Evolutio ary System-