cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
QIRANA: A Framework for Scalable Query Pricing

Users are increasingly engaging in buying and selling data over the web. Facilitated by the proliferation of online marketplaces that bring such users together, data brokers need to serve requests where they provide results for user queries over the underlying datasets, and price them fairly according to the information disclosed by the query. In this work, we present a novel pricing system, called QIRANA, that performs query-based data pricing for a large class of SQL queries (including aggregation) in real time. QIRANA provides prices with formal guarantees: for example, it avoids prices that create arbitrage opportunities. Our framework also allows flexible pricing, by allowing the data seller to choose from a variety of pricing functions, as well as specify relation and attribute-level parameters that control the price of queries and assign different value to different portions of the data. We test QIRANA on a variety of real-world datasets and query workloads, and we show that it can efficiently compute the prices for queries over large-scale data.
Predicting upslope expansion of sub-alpine forest in the Makalu Barun National Park, Eastern Nepal, with a hybrid cartographic model

The natural upper boundary of a forest (forest line) in mountain environments is an indicator of climate conditions. An increase in global average temperatures has resulted in an upward advance of the forest line. This advance may result in fragmentation of the alpine ecosystem and a loss of biodiversity. Therefore, it is important to identify potential areas where current forests can advance under scenarios of future climate change. I used expert knowledge and cartographic modeling to create a hybrid cartographic model considering five topographic variables to predict areas where forest line can expand in the future. The prediction accuracy of the model is around 82%. The model is able to predict areas above the current forest line that are suitable or unsuitable for future forest advance. Further inclusion of high-resolution satellite imagery and digital elevation models, as well as field-based information into the model can help to improve the model accuracy.
Association of White Matter Lesions, Cerebral Atrophy, Intracranial Extravascular Calcifications, and Ventricular-Communicating Hydrocephalus with Delirium Among Veterans.

Objectives The literature regarding the underlying neuropathogenesis of delirium on head computed tomography (CT) is limited. The aim of this research was to investigate, using case-control retrospective chart review, the association of white matter lesions (WML), cerebral atrophy, intracranial extravascular calcifications, and ventricular-communicating hydrocephalus in older adult military veterans with and without delirium hospitalized in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Methods Head CT scans were examined for WML, atrophy, and intracranial extravascular calcifications globally in the cortex, subcortex (frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital lobes), basal ganglia (globus pallidus, caudate, putamen), and internal capsule, in addition to the presence of ventricular-communicating hydrocephalus. WML were graded as not present, 2 cm. Atrophy, cerebral atrophy, intracranial extravascular calcifications, and ventricular-communicating hydrocephalus were graded as present or not present. Results There was a significant association of WML in the temporal lobe periventricular cortical and subcortical brain and a significant association of atrophy in the parietal lobes and the cerebellum in hospitalized older adult military veterans with delirium compared with hospitalized older adult military veterans without delirium. There were no differences between the delirium and nondelirium groups for intracranial extravascular calcifications and ventricular-communicating hydrocephalus. Conclusions The results suggest that atrophy in the parietal lobes and the cerebellum of hospitalized older adult military veterans may be associated with an elevated risk of delirium when compared with age, race, and sex-matched control veterans. Continuing efforts are needed to clarify the role of atrophy during delirium in the veteran and nonveteran older adult population to reduce progressive frailty and decreased quality of life secondary to hospital and posthospital-discharge delirium.
Gestational Weight Gain and Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index Associated With Second-Generation Antipsychotic Drug Use During Pregnancy

Background Obesity during pregnancy is the most common high-risk obstetric condition, resulting in increased rates of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Individuals with psychiatric disorders have a higher risk of obesity than the general population, but data regarding implications of obesity in women with psychiatric disorders are sparse. Objective The objective of this study was to assess pre-pregnancy weights and gestational weight gain in women who were exposed to second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) during pregnancy compared to controls. Methods We assessed pre-pregnancy weights and gestational weight gain from the Massachusetts General Hospital National Pregnancy Registry for Atypical Antipsychotics for patients exposed to SGAs and controls unexposed to these medicines during pregnancy. Both groups experienced similar psychiatric morbidity. Results A total of 403 participants had evaluable data for these analyses ( N = 279 exposed to SGAs; N = 124 controls). The mean pre-pregnancy weight, body mass index (BMI), and likelihood to begin pregnancy with an obese BMI were significantly higher in the exposed group compared to controls ( p = 0.0003, p p p Conclusion We found that women exposed to SGAs began pregnancy with higher BMIs than controls. Both exposed and unexposed groups experienced similar weight gain during pregnancy. Strategies are needed to prevent excessive gestational weight gain and to reduce pre-pregnancy obesity in women with psychiatric disorders, especially those treated with SGAs.
Critical West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease

Data to guide neurointensivists seeing patients with West Nile Neuroinvasive disease (WNND) are lacking. We present a comparatively large series of patients with WNND admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and provide data on their early diagnosis, triage to the ICU and predictors of short-term outcomes. We retrospectively identified patients aged ≥ 18 years old with WNND from January 1999 to November 2016. Demographic and clinical data, the modified Rankin Scale at discharge and disposition were collected. Univariate analysis was performed to find predictors of ICU admission and to assess the impact of ICU admission on the short-term outcomes. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. Among 26 patients, 16 were admitted to the ICU. Age < 60 years and the presentation with encephalitis and acute flaccid paralysis predicted ICU admission (P = 0.044 and 0.0007). Among patients requiring ICU admission, four died and no one was discharged home. ICU admission predicted longer hospital stay (P = 0.021), inhospital death (P = 0.034), survival with inability to walk independently (P = 0.0094), and discharge disposition other than home (P = 0.007). In the ICU group, older age was associated with longer hospital stay (P = 0.0001) and inhospital death (P = 0.035). WNND requiring ICU care has a high morbidity and mortality, especially among older patients. Survivors are highly disabled at discharge, but many improve over time. Therefore, more data on the long-term prognosis of survivors are needed to guide the goals of care in the acute setting.
Forging the Ideal Educated Girl: The Production of Desirable Subjects in Muslim South Asia

In Forging the Ideal Educated Girl, Shenila Khoja-Moolji traces the figure of the ‘educated girl’ to examine the evolving politics of educational reform and development campaigns in colonial India and Pakistan. She challenges the prevailing common sense associated with calls for women’s and girls’ education and argues that such advocacy is not simply about access to education but, more crucially, concerned with producing ideal Muslim woman-/girl-subjects with specific relationships to the patriarchal family, paid work, Islam, and the nation-state. Thus, discourses on girls’/women’s education are sites for the construction of not only gender but also class relations, religion, and the nation. “This ambitious and pathbreaking genealogical study of the circulation and political uses of the dense figure of the educated South Asian Muslim woman/girl is brilliantly executed and utterly timely. Khoja-Moolji has written an exemplary book destined to become a classic.” LILA ABU-LUGHOD, Joseph L. Buttenwieser Professor of Social Science, Columbia University “A brilliant and unprecedented study . . . essential reading for anyone interested in the history of Muslims in South Asia and the gendered complexities of education.” JAMAL J. ELIAS, Walter H. Annenberg Professor in the Humanities, University of Pennsylvania “Through careful sifting of archival material and interview data as well as analysis of important Urdu literary works, Khoja-Moolji highlights the historically, sociologically and politically contingent nature of discourses about women/girls education.” ALI S. ASANI, Professor of Indo-Muslim and Islamic Religion and Cultures, Harvard University “A stunning genealogy of the Pakistani Muslim girl and her connections to educational, social, and national development from the colonial to the neoliberal state.” NANCY LESKO, Maxine Greene Professor, Teachers College, Columbia University SHENILA KHOJA-MOOLJI is Assistant Professor of Gender, Sexuality, and Women’s Studies at Bowdoin College.
Neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza treatment and prevention in healthy adults.

Although neuraminidase inhibitors can reduce the risk of contracting symptomatic, confirmed influenza and reduce the time to recovery for those with laboratory-confirmed influenza, they are not effective for reducing the risk of influenza-like illness or asymptomatic influenza infection in healthy adults. It is uncertain whether neuraminidase inhibitors prevent respiratory complications of influenza.
Extending cognitive architecture with episodic memory

In this paper, we explore the hypothesis that episodic memory is a critical component for cognitive architectures that support general intelligence. Episodic memory overlaps with case-based reasoning (CBR) and can be seen as a task-independent, architectural approach to CBR. We define the design space for episodic memory systems and the criteria any implementation must meet to be useful in a cognitive architecture. We present an implementation and demonstrate how episodic memory, combined with other components of a cognitive architecture, supports a wealth of cognitive capabilities that are difficult to attain without it.
Progressive Neurologic Disease and Dysphagia (Including Parkinson’s Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis, Post-Polio Syndrome)

This chapter’s purposes are to provide a compact review of eleven progressive neurologic conditions’ effects on swallowing dysfunction and to briefly discuss management options specific to each. They were selected because dysphagia, with subsequent influences on health and quality of life, is nearly inevitable during the course of each. The conditions include eight syndromes, among them Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis and three movement abnormalities-ataxia, dystonia, and chorea. Each syndrome or movement abnormality is defined, then prevalence/incidence, pathophysiology, evaluation, complications such as aspiration pneumonia, and team management are described. The emphasis is on focused evaluation and rehabilitation of the dysphagia.
Characterizing the phenolic constituents and antioxidant capacity of Georgia peaches

Abstract Acetonic crude phenolic extracts of six Georgia peach cultivars were prepared and separated into low- and high-molecular-weight (LMW and HMW) fractions by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Further characterization via RP-HPLC-ESI-MS identified the main phenolics as hydroxycinnamates, (+)-catechin, and proanthocyanidins with degrees of polymerization up to seven. The LMW phenolics of the commercial cultivar, ‘July Prince’, were further chromatographed and examined by RP-HPLC-ESI-MS. Derivatives of phenolic acids and flavan-3-ols, along with eriodictyol and quercetin diglycosides, were identified. Antioxidant capacities of the LMW and HMW fractions were determined using in vitro assays. H-ORACFL and FRAP assays gave values of 872 to 2428 μmol Trolox eq./100 g f.w. and 309 to 432 μmol Fe2+ eq./100 g f.w., respectively. The total phenolics content (TPC) was also measured; correlations between TPCs and antioxidant assays indicated that the HMW fractions of peach extracts were major contributors to the antioxidant capacity of the cultivars analyzed.
Approaching the Mekong in a Time of Turbulence

Disputes regarding trans-boundary waters are almost always fraught with difficulty, so it is no surprise that disagreements over rights to the Mekong are proving problematic. Not only are the six nation-states comprising the GMS quite different from one another, but one—the PRC—is a great power. The fact that the source of the Mekong is located on the Tibetan Plateau—that is, within the territorial bounds of the PRC obviously complicates matters further regarding water rights. This paper will address issues regarding governance over the Mekong, issues becoming increasingly pressing every year because of climate change, on the one hand, and upstream dam-building/river diversion schemes, on the other. In so doing, the author will examine several approaches to/rationales for river governance—first-recourse governmental regulation, Chinese IR theories, natural law/environmental ethics, etc.—but will make the case for the efficacy of a transactions-cost approach to addressing issues of trans-boundary water rights on the Mekong. This more voluntaristic approach—which emphasizes efficiency and the accurate ascertainment and allocation, and effective enforcement of property rights regarding concerned parties, public and private—is based loosely on the work of Ronald Coase.
Management of Pediatric Chest Pain, Palpitations, Syncope, and Murmur Presenting to the Emergency Department

Abstract Chest pain, palpitations and syncope are amongst the most common symptoms presenting to the emergency department (ED). A finding of a murmur, although rare to present as primary cause for ED visit, can often be an associated finding noted during the evaluation. Although these symptoms can be very alarming to patients and parents, they are infrequently associated with significant cardiac disease. Although the cardiac etiologies for these common symptoms are rare, these cardiac conditions can sometimes be life threatening. This review examines these presenting symptoms of chest pain, syncope and palpitations or the finding of murmur for possible differential diagnoses.
Optogenetic control of cytokinesis shows that polarized trafficking governs the process

Optogenetics allows for the study of signaling pathways during a variety of cellular processes. Here we use subcellular optogenetics to study the role of vesicular trafficking in cytokinesis. Optogenetically activating RhoA in the cell midline induces cytokinesis and intercellular bridge formation. RhoA activates the actomyosin contractility network, leading to retrograde plasma membrane flow, localized decrease in membrane tension, and increase in endocytosis at the cell middle. Endocytic vesicles and trafficking proteins localize to the intercellular bridge. Perturbation of these proteins inhibits furrow formation. Thus polarized endocytosis and exocytosis in the first steps of cytokinesis provide new membrane to the middle of the cell and allow the cell to build the cleavage furrow and intercellular bridge.
Big tobacco focuses on the facts to hide the truth: an algorithmic exploration of courtroom tropes and taboos

Objective To use methods from computational linguistics to identify differences in the rhetorical strategies deployed by defence versus plaintiffs’ lawyers in cigarette litigation. Methods From 318 closing arguments in 159 Engle progeny trials (2008–2016) archived in the Truth Tobacco Industry Documents, we calculated frequency scores and Mann-Whitney Rho scores of plaintiffs versus defence corpora to discover ‘tropes’ (terms used disproportionately by one side) and ‘taboos’ (terms scrupulously avoided by one side or the other). Results Defence attorneys seek to place the smoker on trial, using his or her friends and family members to demonstrate that he or she must have been fully aware of the harms caused by smoking. We show that ‘free choice,’ ‘common knowledge’ and ‘personal responsibility’ remain key strategies in cigarette litigation, but algorithmic analysis allows us to understand how such strategies can be deployed without actually using these expressions. Industry attorneys rarely mention personal responsibility, for example, but invoke that concept indirectly, by talking about ‘decisions’ made by the individual smoker and ‘risks’ they assumed. Conclusions Quantitative analysis can reveal heretofore hidden patterns in courtroom rhetoric, including the weaponisation of pronouns and the systematic avoidance of certain terms, such as ‘profits’ or ‘customer.’ While cigarette makers use words that focus on the individual smoker, attorneys for the plaintiffs refocus agency onto the industry. We show how even seemingly trivial parts of speech—like pronouns—along with references to family members or words like ‘truth’ and ‘facts’ have been weaponised for use in litigation.
Common Skin Diseases: Quick Reference

This chapter contains a concise description of some of the most common dermatologic diseases encountered in the ambulatory setting based on 2001–2010 data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics. This chapter is not intended to be a comprehensive guide, nor does it supplant the clinical nuance often required to distinguish such conditions. Rather, this summary serves as a succinct reference tool for the practicing clinician.
Recent advances in nontuberculous mycobacterial lung infections

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are members of the Mycobacterium genus other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Mycobacterium leprae. NTM are widely distributed in the environment and are increasingly recognized as causes of chronic lung disease that can be challenging to treat. In this brief review, we consider recent developments in the ecology, epidemiology, natural history, and treatment of NTM lung disease with a focus on Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and Mycobacterium abscessus complex .
On the joint distribution of cyclic valleys and excedances over conjugacy classes of Sn

Abstract We derive a formula expressing the joint distribution of the cyclic valley number and excedance number statistics over a fixed conjugacy class of the symmetric group in terms of Eulerian polynomials. Our proof uses a slight extension of Sun and Wang's cyclic valley-hopping action as well as a formula of Brenti. Along the way, we give a new proof for the γ-positivity of the excedance number distribution over any fixed conjugacy class along with a combinatorial interpretation of the γ-coefficients.
Diverse Spatiotemporal Scales of Cholinergic Signaling in the Neocortex

ACh is a signaling molecule in the mammalian CNS, with well-documented influence over cognition and behavior. However, the nature of cholinergic signaling in the brain remains controversial, with ongoing debates focused on the spatial and temporal resolution of ACh activity. Generally, opposing views have embraced a dichotomy between transmission as slow and volume-mediated versus fast and synaptic. Here, we provide the perspective that ACh, like most other neurotransmitters, exhibits both fast and slow modes that are strongly determined by the anatomy of cholinergic fibers, the distribution and the signaling mechanisms of receptor subtypes, and the dynamics of ACh hydrolysis. Current methodological approaches remain limited in their ability to provide detailed analyses of these underlying factors. However, we believe that the continued development of novel technologies in combination with a more nuanced view of cholinergic activity will open critical new avenues to a better understanding of ACh in the brain.Dual Perspectives Companion Paper: Forebrain Cholinergic Signaling: Wired and Phasic, Not Tonic, and Causing Behavior, by Martin Sarter and Cindy Lustig.
Strategic Research and Development Investment Decisions in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Do pharmaceutical firms respond to the actions of their competitors in R&D, and if so, what implications does this have for policies aimed at incentivizing drug development?
Sedentary Behavior and Obesity in Youth According to Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006.

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between sedentary time and obesity in youth according to meeting physical activity guidelines. Methods: A total of 1991 youth (1...
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis restricted to the central nervous system.

An 8-year-old boy presented with fatigue, weakness and altered mental status necessitating intubation. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed multifocal perivascular enhancement at the supratentorial juxtacortical white matter (figure 1A) and diffuse cerebellar leptomeningeal enhancement (figure 1B), suggestive of central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis versus infection versus acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Workup for infectious and autoimmune encephalitis was unremarkable. Methylprednisolone (20 mg/kg/day) was initiated for presumed ADEM. Brain biopsy, obtained due to continued deterioration in mental status, revealed extensive meningoencephalitis (figure 2A) and …
Efficacy of 3D digital visualization in minimizing coaxial illumination and phototoxic potential in cataract surgery: pilot study.

PURPOSE To compare the coaxial light intensity required during cataract surgery and rate of postoperative visual recovery, with surgical visualization achieved with a traditional analog operating microscope compared with a 3D digital visualization system. SETTING Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York. DESIGN Retrospective, consecutive, single-surgeon series. METHODS Patients undergoing femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery were retrospectively grouped into either: (1) visualization using the binoculars of a standard operating microscope (traditional group) or (2) visualization using a 3D digital visualization system affixed to the same operating microscope (digital group). Note was made in each case of light intensity used, light exposure time, intraoperative and/or postoperative complications, and postoperative visual acuities. RESULTS The study comprised 24 eyes in the traditional group and 27 eyes in the digital group. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications in either group and no difference in mean light exposure time, but the mean light intensity used in the digital group was significantly less (18.5% ± 1.5%) than that in the traditional group (43.3% ± 3.7%; P < .001). Furthermore, the digital group achieved a postoperative day 1 visual acuity that was within 2 lines of the postoperative month 1 visual acuity a greater percentage of time than that in the traditional group (81.5% of eyes vs 54.2% of eyes; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS Light intensity was significantly decreased in patients who underwent cataract surgery assisted by the 3D digital visualization platform without an increase in complications or surgical time and possibly with a faster postoperative visual recovery.
Mantram Repetition as a Portable Mindfulness Practice: Applications During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Mantram or holy name repetition has long been practiced in every major religious tradition. Repetition of a mantram as a mindfulness practice is helpful for stress management and resilience building. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the key features of mantram and the Mantram Repetition Program (MRP) developed in the US Veterans Healthcare System, the evidence base for the MRP, and its applications. MRP practices are portable and do not require an extended or regularized period of sitting, in contrast to most methods of meditation. Core functions of MRP practices include focus shifting, frame activation, and fostering of mindfulness. We review scientific research, including multiple randomized trials, that has investigated the MRP. Research on the MRP has documented reductions in posttraumatic stress symptoms, insomnia, hyperarousal, and depression, as well as enhancement of quality of life, self-efficacy, and mindfulness. Mantram repetition may possess comparative advantages for managing symptoms of various mental health conditions, including posttraumatic stress disorder, HIV/AIDS, cancer, and chronic diseases. MRP practices can be integrated into daily routines to manage stress and improve coping, safety, efficacy, calmness, and resilience. The inclusion of mantram repetition alongside conventional mindfulness-based practices for stress management will improve their cultural and religious inclusiveness, enabling societies and organizations to build greater collective resilience. Mantram repetition can be readily used in the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on healthcare workers, patients, and the public.
Surveying Motivation and Learning Outcomes of Advanced Learners in Online Engineering Graduate MOOCs

This research Work-In-Progress presents a survey of advanced learners’ motivation in highly-technical advanced engineering MOOCs. Advanced engineering courses as MOOCs are increasingly prevalent in graduate and professional learning and are gaining importance for credentialing and accredited degrees. However, these courses are open to the public as well as formal learners, making it difficult to generalize experiences for all. To understand what prevents advanced learners from reaching their goals and to better support them in meeting goals, there is a need for more sensitive tools to measure motivation. We have revised the Expectancy-Value-Cost scale and examined its functioning on pilot data to begin looking at validity evidence for using the revised scale with professional engineers. We analyze motivations, intentions, and course ratings of learners from two online MOOCs who are enrolled in formal degree programs at a four-year institution, learners completing a MOOC master’s degree, and independent learners. We also perform bivariate correlation of motivation items to test the performance of the instrument. Preliminary results show high motivation for all learner groups, but greater differences between independent and formal learners, with formal learners reporting a wider range of costs.
Strain-resilient electrical functionality in thin-film metal electrodes using two-dimensional interlayers

Flexible electrodes that allow electrical conductance to be maintained during mechanical deformation are required for the development of wearable electronics. However, flexible electrodes based on metal thin films on elastomeric substrates can suffer from complete and unexpected electrical disconnection after the onset of mechanical fracture across the metal. Here we show that the strain-resilient electrical performance of thin-film metal electrodes under multimodal deformation can be enhanced by using a two-dimensional interlayer. Insertion of atomically thin interlayers—graphene, molybdenum disulfide or hexagonal boron nitride—induces continuous in-plane crack deflection in thin-film metal electrodes. This leads to unique electrical characteristics (termed electrical ductility) in which electrical resistance gradually increases with strain, creating extended regions of stable resistance. Our two-dimensional interlayer electrodes can maintain a low electrical resistance beyond a strain at which conventional metal electrodes would completely disconnect. We use the approach to create a flexible electroluminescent light-emitting device with an augmented strain-resilient electrical functionality and an early damage diagnosis capability. Insertion of an atomically thin interlayer, such as graphene, between a metal thin film and a substrate can be used to create flexible electrodes with electrical performance that changes only gradually with strain and is resistant to abrupt mechanical failure.
Do We Report the Information That Is Necessary to Give Psychology Away? A Scoping Review of the Psychological Intervention Literature 2000-2018.

Psychologists are spending a considerable amount of time researching and developing interventions in hopes that their efforts can help to tackle some of society’s pressing problems. Unfortunately, ...
Short-term metabolic disruptions in urine of mouse models following exposure to low doses of oxygen ion radiation.

Molecular alterations as a result of exposure to low doses of high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation can have deleterious short- and long-term consequences on crew members embarking on long di...
An Error Prone PCR Method for Small Amplicons

Error-prone PCR (epPCR) is a commonly employed approach in molecular biology, especially in directed evolution, to generate libraries of DNA molecules with broad mutational spectrums. Though commonly applied to mutagenize protein coding sequences of several hundreds or thousands of basepairs, we found that commonly used protocols were not suitable for small (<100 bp) amplicons. Here we report a modified error-prone PCR protocol utilizing a Touchdown approach and employing only commercially available components, that should be broadly useful for the researcher interested in concentrating mutations into a small region of plasmid DNA. It will also be useful for achieving very high mutational loads on a standard-sized amplicon.
Ensure Accountability and End Impunity

States should build community confidence in the justice system by, inter alia, bringing all perpetrators of violence against children to justice and ensure that they are held accountable through appropriate “No matter whether violence against children occurs in the family, school, community, institution or workplace, health workers are the front line for responding to it. We must make our contribution to ensuring that such violence is prevented from occurring in the first place, and that where it does occur children receive the best possible services to reduce its harmful effects”. Anders Nordstrom, Acting Director-General, WHO an end to violence against children criminal, civil, administrative and professional proceedings and sanctions. Persons convicted of violent offences and sexual abuse of children, should be prevented from working with children.
Benign Paroxysmal Torticollis: Phenotype and Patient Perspectives (S20.008)

Objective: To better define the clinical phenotype, natural history and treatment of Benign Paroxysmal Torticollis (BPT), and to identify affected families’ priorities for future research. Background: BPT is recognized in International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition, as an episodic syndrome that may be associated with migraine. BPT is likely under-recognized and treatment is based on case reports. Design/Methods: Parents of children with current or prior BPT completed a telephone interview (n=50). Families were recruited via social media and a tertiary pediatric headache clinic. Results: Median age of children was 3.5 years (0.3–23, SD 5.2) at the time of interview. Mean age of BPT onset was 3.8 months (0.5–20, SD 4.2) with resolution by mean age 37 months (11–96, SD 21). Mean time to diagnosis was 12 months (2–48, SD 8.6). Mean frequency of episodes was every 3.4 weeks at onset (0.5–12, SD 2.3) and every 11.6 weeks prior to resolution (0.5–52, SD 9.6). Mean episode duration was 141 hours (0.02–672, SD 127). Associated symptoms included irritability (84%), ataxia (82%), vomiting (76%), decreased oral intake (70%), pallor (64%), photophobia (64%), movement sensitivity (52%), tortipelvis (42%), phonophobia (28%) and limb dystonia (20%). Concerns about motor development were reported by 74% of parents. Migraine had developed in 16% of the children and other episodic syndromes associated with migraine in 64%. Family history of migraine was present in 94% of families. Acute medications were tried by 60% (37% with reported benefit) and preventives by 12% (33% with reported benefit). Prioritized research areas included natural history (54%), treatment (36%) and improved clinician awareness (36%). Conclusions: The spectrum of severity of BPT is broad. Though characterized as “benign”, BPT can be associated with motor delay, development of migraine or other episodic syndromes associated with migraine. Families identified natural history, treatment and clinician awareness as top research priorities. Disclosure: Dr. Greene has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Qubty has nothing to disclose. Dr. Grimes has nothing to disclose. Dr. San Luciano has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gelfand has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Biohaven, Eli Lilly, Zosano, Impax, and UpToDate. Dr. Gelfand has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for JAMA Neurology. Dr. Gelfand has received research support from eNeura.
Head and Neck Malignancies

Head and neck cancer accounts for 4% of all new cancer cases and 2% of all cancer deaths in the United States annually. This statement translates into 40,000 new diagnoses of head and neck cancer (30,300 with oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer and 12,500 with laryngeal cancer).1 Head and neck cancer has a much greater incidence in certain parts of the world, particularly in India, and is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide.2
The Fewer the Merrier?: Assessing Stigma Surrounding Consensually Non-monogamous Romantic Relationships

In the context of recent debates about same-sex marriage, consensually nonmonogamous (CNM) relationships have recently begun making their way into media discussions. In the current research, we investigated whether stigma is attached to these nonnormative romantic relationships and, conversely, whether halo effects surround monogamous relationships. In Study 1 we analyzed open-ended responses to the question “what are the benefits of monogamy?”. The most commonly mentioned benefits included the promotion of commitment and health (especially the prevention of sexually transmitted infections [STIs]). In Study 2, descriptions of CNM relationships were strongly stigmatized and a substantial halo effect surrounded monogamous relationships. Specifically, monogamous relationships were rated more positively than CNM relationships on every dimension (both relationship-relevant and arbitrary relationship-irrelevant factors) that we examined and across diverse social groups, including CNM individuals themselves. In Study 3, we conducted a person perception study in which participants provided their impressions of a monogamous or a CNM relationship. The monogamous couple was rated overwhelmingly more favorably than the CNM relationship. Finally, in Study 4, we replicated the findings with a set of traits that were generated with regard to relationships in general (rather than monogamous relationships, specifically) and with a broader set of arbitrary traits. Across all studies, the results consistently demonstrated stigma surrounding CNM and a halo effect surrounding monogamy. Implications for future research examining similarities and differences between monogamous and CNM relationships are discussed.
Integrating Physical Modeling, Neural Computing, and Statistical Analysis for On-Line Process Monitoring

Two basic approaches can be mentioned to model physical systems. One approach derives a model structure from the known physical laws. However, obtaining a model with the required fidelity may be difficult if the system is not well understood. A second approach is to employ a black-box structure to learn the implicit input-output relationships from measurements in which no particular attention is paid to modeling the underlying processes. A method that draws on the respective strengths of each of these two approaches is described. The technique integrates known first-principles knowledge derived from physical modeling with measured input-output mappings derived from neural processing to produce a computer model of a dynamical process. The technique is used to detect operational changes of mechanical equipment by statistically comparing, using a likelihood test, the predicted model output for the given measured input with the actual process output. Experimental results with a peristaltic pump are presented.
Enlargement of Escherichia coli After Bacteriophage Infection II. Proposed Mechanism

Division of Escherichia coli was stopped and mean cellular volume was increased after infection with T-even phage. This host cell enlargement was temperature-dependent, cyanide-sensitive, and stable in the presence of hypertonic medium. Enlargement ceased at about the same time that energy metabolism ceased. Initially, enlargement was accompanied by a decrease in mean cell density. Tritiated 2, 6-diaminopimelic acid was accumulated and incorporated into cold acid-insoluble material at the preinfection rate. These findings suggest that the effect on host cell size is only in part an osmotic phenomenon and that it also reflects continued growth of the surface of the infected cell in the absence of cell division.
CD47 Deficiency Does Not Impede Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil Transmigration but Attenuates Granulopoiesis at the Postacute Stage of Colitis

Previous studies have suggested that CD47, an essential cell-surface protein, plays an important role in polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) transmigration across tissue cells and extracellular matrix. In the current study, the role of CD47 in PMN transmigration and infiltration into tissues was further evaluated by investigating the function of CD47(-/-) PMN and inflammatory conditions induced in CD47(-/-) mice. Using in vitro time-course assays, we found that CD47(-/-) PMN exhibited no impediment, but slightly enhanced response to and transmigration toward, the chemoattractant fMLF. In vivo analysis in CD47(-/-) mice by inducing acute peritonitis and aggressive colitis observed consistent results, indicating that both PMN and monocytes effectively infiltrated inflammatory sites despite the absence of CD47 on these leukocytes or the surrounding tissue cells. Although PMN transmigration was not delayed in CD47(-/-) mice, fewer PMN were found in the intestine at the postacute/chronic stage of chronic colitis induced with sustained low-dose dextran sulfate sodium. Further analysis suggested that the paucity of PMN accumulation was attributable to attenuated granulopoiesis secondary to assessed lower levels of IL-17. Administration of exogenous IL-17A markedly increased PMN availability and rapidly rendered severe colitis in CD47(-/-) mice under dextran sulfate sodium treatment.
Natural Born Celebrities: Serial Killers in American Culture

Jeffrey Dahmer. Ted Bundy. John Wayne Gacy. Over the past thirty years, serial killers have become iconic figures in America, the subject of made-for-TV movies and mass-market paperbacks alike. But why do we find such luridly transgressive and horrific individuals so fascinating? What compels us to look more closely at these figures when we really want to look away? "Natural Born Celebrities" considers how serial killers have become lionized in American culture and explores the consequences of their fame. David Schmid provides a historical account of how serial killers became famous and how that fame has been used in popular media and the corridors of the FBI alike. Ranging from H. H. Holmes, whose killing spree during the 1893 Chicago World's Fair inspired "The Devil in the White City," right up to Aileen Wuornos, the lesbian prostitute whose vicious murder of seven men would serve as the basis for the hit film "Monster," Schmid unveils a new understanding of serial killers by emphasizing both the social dimensions of their crimes and their susceptibility to multiple interpretations and uses. He also explores why serial killers have become endemic in popular culture, from their depiction in "The Silence of the Lambs" and "The X-Files" to their becoming the stuff of trading cards and even Web sites where you can buy their hair and nail clippings. Bringing his fascinating history right up to the present, Schmid ultimately argues that America needs the perversely familiar figure of the serial killer now more than ever to manage the fear posed by Osama bin Laden since September 11. "This is a persuasively argued, meticulously researched, and compelling examination of the media phenomenon of the 'celebrity criminal' in American culture. It is highly readable as well." Joyce Carol Oates "
Gamma interferon is not essential in host defense against disseminated candidiasis in mice.

In vitro studies have suggested a role for interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) in host defense against disseminated candidiasis, but in vivo studies are inconclusive. We utilized homozygous IFN-gamma knockout (GKO) mice to determine if the cytokine is essential in host defense against this disease. Genotypes of mice were determined by PCR with specific primers for the normal or disrupted IFN-gamma gene. The GKO status of the mice was confirmed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which showed no detectable IFN-gamma produced by their splenocytes stimulated by concanavalin A. To test the susceptibility of GKO mice to candidiasis, the animals were infected either intravenously (i.v.) or intragastrically (i.g.) with Candida albicans. GKO mice infected i.v. survived as long as wild-type (WT) mice and showed no difference in Candida CFU counts in liver, spleen, or kidneys compared to those for WT mice. When animals were given Candida i.g., at 3 h or at 10 or 21 days after infection, there was no dissemination of Candida to the lung, liver, spleen, or kidneys for either GKO or WT mice. There was no difference in Candida CFU counts recovered from the stomach or intestines between GKO and WT mice. Histological examination of the stomach cardial-atrium fold, where the fungus was located, showed that GKO mice did not have evidence of more tissue damage or fungal invasion than WT mice. Finally, the jejunum for both types of mice showed no evidence of tissue damage or fungal invasion. These studies indicate that IFN-gamma is not essential in host defense against C. albicans that originates from a mucosal site or that is given directly into the bloodstream in a mouse model.
GS-X pump is functionally overexpressed in cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II)-resistant human leukemia HL-60 cells and down-regulated by cell differentiation.

The ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export pump, named GS-X pump, has been shown to eliminate a potentially cytotoxic glutathione-platinum (GS.Pt) complex from tumor cells, thereby modulating glutathione (GSH)-associated resistance to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) (Ishikawa, T., and Ali-Osman, F. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 20116-20125). The present study provides evidence that the GS-X pump is functionally overexpressed in cisplatin-resistant human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 (HL-60/R-CP) cells, in which the cellular GSH level was substantially enhanced. Indeed, the rate of ATP-dependent transport of the GS.Pt complex, measured with plasma membrane vesicles, was about 4-fold greater in HL-60/R-CP cells than in HL-60 cells. Three membrane proteins with apparent molecular masses of 200, 110, and 70 kDa were overexpressed in HL-60/R-CP cells, whereas P-glycoprotein (MDR1) was not immunologically detected in the membrane preparations from resistant and sensitive cells. Unlike in HL-60 cells, increased numbers of intracellular vesicles were observed in the cytoplasm of HL-60/R-CP cells. Fluorescence microscopy with syn-(CICH2,CH3)-1,5-diazabicyclo-[3.3.0]-octa-3,6-dione-2,8-dione (monochlorobimane) revealed that the fluorescent glutathione S-conjugate accumulated in intracellular vesicles of the cisplatin-resistant cells in an energy-dependent manner. The GS-X pump is suggested to contribute to vesicle-mediated excretion of GSH-drug conjugates from cells. In addition, both HL-60 and HL-60/R-CP cells underwent cell differentiation in response to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, retinoic acid, and dimethyl sulfoxide, resulting in proliferation arrest as well as a remarkable decrease in the c-myc mRNA levels. After cell differentiation, a significant decrease was observed in the activity of ATP-dependent transport of the GS.Pt complex in membrane vesicles prepared from both HL-60/R-CP and HL-60 cells. These results suggest that the expression of the GS-X pump in both cisplatin-resistant and -sensitive cells is related to cell proliferation.
Characterization of the Polymer-Filler Interface in γ-Irradiated Silica-Reinforced Polysiloxane Composites

The changes in hydrogen bonding at the interface of silica-reinforced polysiloxane composites due to aging in gamma radiation environments were examined in this study. Solvent swelling was utilized to determine the individual contributions of the matrix polymer and polymer-filler interactions to the overall crosslink density. The results show how the polymer-filler hydrogen bonding dominates the overall crosslink density of the material. Air irradiated samples displayed decreased hydrogen bonding at the polymer-filler interface, while vacuum irradiation revealed the opposite effect.
FMTS: A fuzzy implementation of the Manchester triage system

The Manchester triage System is an algorithmic standard designed to aid the triage nurse in choosing an appropriate triage category using a five-point scale. Many of the terms used in the Manchester triage algorithm to describe patients' symptoms and their urgency levels are imprecise and overlap, making the system a good candidate for fuzzy modeling. The paper develops a dynamic fuzzy triage system based on the Manchester triage algorithm. The system serves as a decision aid for the triage nurse while allowing medical experts to configure the meaning of the linguistic terms using a fuzzy mouse.
High-risk Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients with Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Definition and Treatment

Introduction Early risk stratification of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), unstable angina, or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction ensures patients receive appropriate care.
Production of syngeneic anti-idiotypic antibodies: Methods for immunization and screening

Methods for producing syngeneic anti-idiotypic antibodies, with emphasis on immunization and screening methodologies, are described. These methods should result in the production of monoclonal antibodies that have structural conformations similar to the initiating epitope of the antigen.
The log ft values of allowed decays from 49114In

Abstract Singles and coincidence measurements were carried out on the decay 114 m In- 114 with Ge(Li) detectors. The following transitions in keV were observed (intensities in parentheses): 558.04 ± 0.16 (102 ± 4), 575.74 ± 0.12 (0.115 ± 0.010), 725.21 ± 0.10(100) and 747.75 ± 0.15 (0.089 ± 0.009) in 114 Cd and 1299.98 ± 0.12(4.10 ± 0.25) in 114 Sn . Previous unreported log ft values were derived for decays of 1 + 114 In to the 1133.8 keV (0 + ), 1208 keV (2 + ), 1305.8 keV (0 + ) and 1363 keV (2 + ) levels in 114 Cd as 5.5, > 6.5, 4.8 and > 5.7, respectively.