cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sharp features on multiresolution subdivision surfaces

In this paper we describe a method for creating sharp features and trim regions on multiresolution subdivision surfaces along a set of user-defined curves. Operations such as engraving, embossing, and trimming are important in many surface modeling applications. Their implementation, however, is non-trivial due to computational, topological, and smoothness constraints that the underlying surface has to satisfy. The novelty of our work lies in the ability to create sharp features anywhere on a surface and in the fact that the resulting representation remains within the multiresolution subdivision framework. Preserving the original representation has the advantage that other operations applicable to multiresolution subdivision surfaces can subsequently be applied to the edited model. We also introduce an extended set of subdivision rules for Catmull-Clark surfaces that allows the creation of creases along diagonals of control mesh faces.
Effects of soman (pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate) on coronary blood flow and cardiac function in swine.

Abstract The effects of soman (pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate) on coronary blood flow, the electrocardiogram, and cardiac function were measured in α-chloralose-anesthetized swine. Coronary blood flow (CBF), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), peak systolic left ventricular pressure (IVP), maximum rate of left ventricular pressure development (dP/dt max ), cardiac output, and the ECG were monitored continuously. A dose of 2× LD50 of soman (1 LD50 = 4.6 μg/kg) was given at 1 LD50/min in the femoral vein, which produced an increase in coronary sinus plasma acetylcholine (ACh) from a control of 0.7 ± 0.01 nmol/ml to a maximum 314% of control at 15 min and a decrease in CBF from a control of 99 ± 13 ml/min/100 g to a minimum 55% of control at 15 min. The increase in ACh in the coronary sinus was significantly correlated with a decrease in CBF ( r = −0.87, p max , with S-T segment elevation and ventricular fibrillation. The increase in coronary sinus acetylcholine concentration was significantly correlated with a 10-fold fall in coronary sinus acetylcholinesterase levels from a control of 2.47 ± 0.97 mol acetylcholine hydrolyzed/ml blood/min and was consistent with the time course for the reduced hemodynamic measurements. These studies support the hypothesis that acetylcholine increases following soman toxicity may decrease coronary blood flow, thereby initiating ischemic electrocardiographic changes and reducing cardiac function.
Comparative metagenomics of toxic freshwater cyanobacteria bloom communities on two continents

Toxic cyanobacterial blooms have persisted in freshwater systems around the world for centuries and appear to be globally increasing in frequency and severity. Toxins produced by bloom-associated cyanobacteria can have drastic impacts on the ecosystem and surrounding communities, and bloom biomass can disrupt aquatic food webs and act as a driver for hypoxia. Little is currently known regarding the genomic content of the Microcystis strains that form blooms or the companion heterotrophic community associated with bloom events. To address these issues, we examined the bloom-associated microbial communities in single samples from Lake Erie (North America), Lake Tai (Taihu, China), and Grand Lakes St. Marys (OH, USA) using comparative metagenomics. Together the Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria comprised >90% of each bloom bacterial community sample, although the dominant phylum varied between systems. Relative to the existing Microcystis aeruginosa NIES 843 genome, sequences from Lake Erie and Taihu revealed a number of metagenomic islands that were absent in the environmental samples. Moreover, despite variation in the phylogenetic assignments of bloom-associated organisms, the functional potential of bloom members remained relatively constant between systems. This pattern was particularly noticeable in the genomic contribution of nitrogen assimilation genes. In Taihu, the genetic elements associated with the assimilation and metabolism of nitrogen were predominantly associated with Proteobacteria, while these functions in the North American lakes were primarily contributed to by the Cyanobacteria. Our observations build on an emerging body of metagenomic surveys describing the functional potential of microbial communities as more highly conserved than that of their phylogenetic makeup within natural systems.
Moonlighting : what residents do in their free time is their decision

Available data do not support the claim that moonlighting, or employment outside psychiatric residency programs, is a dangerous activity for residents, patients, or employers of moonlighters. Moonlighting may beneficially supplement the education of a psychiatric resident as well as be important to residents economically. The author contends that the role of psychiatric educators is to assure the competence of graduates of psychiatric residency programs to practice psychiatry. How residents use their free time is their own concern, not the concern of psychiatric educators, as long as residents fulfill their educational and training responsibilities.
Fractious cats and feline aggression

Despite variation in terminology it is clear that the context in which feline aggression occurs is important for classification, prevention and treatment. Many of the aggressions discussed can be considered variants of normal feline behavior, so client education is particularly important. Educated clients will know when their cat can benefit from veterinary intervention, and when closing a door may be sufficient. The goals of treating all feline aggressions should be safety for all concerned, and quality of their living environment for the cats. The greater our knowledge, the more likely we are to achieve these goals.
Robust control in the gap: a state-space solution in the presence of a single input delay

A solution is provided to the problem of (sub)optimal robust design in the gap for a system with a single input lag. The problem is shown to reduce to two matrix algebraic Riccati equations that solve an allied linear-quadratic-Gaussian/H/sub 2/ problem and a parameterized differential matrix Riccati equation. The analysis intertwines finite-dimensional delay equations and distributed abstract evolution models. The parameterized family of suboptimal compensators is presented in terms of a neutral equation model.
Naives, Nonresponders, Relapsers: Who Is There Left to Treat?

Hepatitis C has a high prevalence in the United States, and the disease burden of HCV will increase over the next 20 to 30 years by many estimates. Trials to evaluate new therapies and optimize the use of triple drug therapies are needed if HCV is to be successfully controlled and its incumbent morbidity and mortality drastically lowered for all groups of patients. With improvements in ability to achieve SVR with agents such as telaprevir and boceprevir, efforts to improve treatment uptake rates and to re-examine the utility of universal or more inclusive screening for chronic hepatitis C are warranted.
A distinctive addition to the tree flora of Papua New Guinea: Helicia woxvoldiana sp. nov. (Proteaceae), a large-flowered myrmecophyte from the upper Sepik

Helicia woxvoldiana (Proteaceae) is described from the Sepik River basin in Papua New Guinea, from classical localities on the Kaiserin-Augusta-Fluss itinerary of 1912–13. The new species is a canopy myrmecophyte with the largest flowers in Papuasian Helicia .
MACROSCOPIC PARITY VIOLATING EFFECTS: NEUTRINO FLUXES FROM ROTATING BLACK HOLES AND IN ROTATING THERMAL RADIATION

Two macroscopic effects of parity nonconservation are considered. (i) Particle emission by rotating black holes is shown to be asymmetric. In particular, neutrinos are emitted preferentially in the direction opposite to the hole's angular momentum. (ii) It is shown that in a rotating thermal radiation there exist equilibrium neutrino and antineutrino currents parallel to the angular velocity vector.
Learning Through the Distribution of Failures within an Organization: Evidence from Heart Bypass Surgery Performance

While research has suggested that organizations can improve by investigating and learning from failures, some work has found that they may generate incorrect lessons or fail to learn. This study ad...
apbA, a new genetic locus involved in thiamine biosynthesis in Salmonella typhimurium.

In Salmonella typhimurium, the synthesis of the pyrimidine moiety of thiamine can occur by utilization of the first five steps in de novo purine biosynthesis or independently of the pur genes through the alternative pyrimidine biosynthetic, or APB, pathway (D. M. Downs, J. Bacteriol. 174:1515-1521, 1992). We have isolated the first mutations defective in the APB pathway. These mutations define the apbA locus and map at 10.5 min on the S. typhimurium chromosome. We have cloned and sequenced the apbA gene and found it to encode a 32-kDa polypeptide whose sequence predicts an NAD/flavin adenine dinucleotide-binding pocket in the protein. The phenotypes of apbA mutants suggest that, under some conditions, the APB pathway is the sole source of the pyrimidine moiety of thiamine in wild-type S. typhimurium, and furthermore, the pur genetic background of the strain influences whether this pathway can function under aerobic and/or anaerobic growth conditions. Images
Divergent biogeography of native and introduced soil macroinvertebrates in North America north of Mexico

To improve understanding of the biogeographical consequences of species introduction, we examined whether introduced soil macroinvertebrates differ from natives in the relationship between species richness and key environmental predictors, and whether such differences affect the relationship between native and introduced species richness. For North America north of Mexico, we summarized jurisdiction occurrence data for seven macroinvertebrate taxa with strong influences on soil biodiversity or processes. We analysed the relationships of native and introduced species richness to each other using linear regression; to latitude using Gaussian regressions; and, using the residuals of the richness‐latitude regressions, to distance from coasts, human population density, and human population size using regression and correlation. We found weak to strong positive relationships between native and introduced species richness. This variation was related to divergent relationships of native and introduced species with latitude, human population density, and distance from coasts. Native species richness declined with increasing latitude for all taxa, as did introduced species richness for taxa with predominantly lower-latitude origins (ants, termites, non-lumbricid earthworms). In contrast, introduced species richness peaked at higher latitudes for four taxa of predominantly Palearctic origins (weevils, ground beetles, lumbricid earthworms, isopods). Partitioning introduced taxa within these groups based on region of origin, we found that Palearctic taxa were distributed at higher latitudes than non-Palearctic taxa. Thus source region appears to strongly influence introduced species richness‐latitude relationships. Compared to natives, introduced species exhibited more positive relationships with human population density and negative relationships with distance from coasts, but did not differ in relationships with human population size. Thus coastal, densely populated regions are likely to have a higher proportion of introduced soil macroinvertebrate species. These differences between distribution of native and introduced species tend to weaken positive correlations between native and introduced species richness, especially for taxa dominated by Palearctic introductions.
A case-control study of paternal occupational exposures and the risk of childhood sporadic bilateral retinoblastoma

Background The risk factors for sporadic (ie, non-familial) retinoblastoma remain largely unknown. Objectives We examined the relationship between paternal occupational exposures from jobs held 10 years and 1 year prior to conception and the risk of sporadic bilateral retinoblastoma in children. Methods Paternal occupational data were obtained for 198 incident cases diagnosed with sporadic bilateral retinoblastoma from January 1998 to May 2006 and 245 referral-based controls from the case child9s relatives and friends who were matched to 135 of the cases on birth year. Industrial hygienists independently assigned exposure scores for nine agents. Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs were computed using logistic regression models, using the full sample of cases and controls as well as subset of cases with matched controls only. Results There was some indication of an elevated risk associated with paternal pesticide exposure in the 10 years prior to conception (OR=1.64; 95% CI 1.08 to 2.50) as well as in the year before conception (OR=2.12; 95% CI 1.25 to 3.61). However, results for pesticide exposure were inconsistent and varied by analysis approach. An increased risk was also observed for non-welding metal exposure during the 10 years prior to conception in the full (OR=1.35; 95% CI 0.86 to 2.12) and matched (OR=1.40; 95% CI 0.82 to 2.37) samples, but not in the year before conception. Exposure–response trends were observed for pesticides and non-welding metal exposures. Conclusions Our findings suggest a potential role of paternal occupational exposures to non-welding metals and perhaps pesticides in the aetiology of childhood retinoblastoma.
Reduced glutathione is required for pertussis toxin secretion by Bordetella pertussis

The abilities of cysteine-containing compounds to support growth of Bordetella pertussis and influence pertussis toxin transcription, assembly, and secretion were examined. Cysteine is an essential amino acid for B. pertussis and must be present for protein synthesis and bacterial growth. However, cysteine can be metabolized to sulfate, and high concentrations of sulfate can selectively inhibit transcription of the virulence factors, including pertussis toxin, via the BvgAS two-component regulatory system in a process called modulation. In addition, pertussis toxin possesses several disulfide bonds, and the cysteine-containing compound glutathione can influence oxidation-reduction reactions and perhaps disulfide bond formation. Bacterial growth was not observed in the absence of a source of cysteine. Oxidized glutathione, as a sole source of cysteine, also did not support bacterial growth. Cysteine, cystine, and reduced glutathione did support bacterial growth, and none of these compounds caused modulation at the concentrations tested. Similar amounts of periplasmic pertussis toxin were detected regardless of the source of cysteine; however, in the absence of reduced glutathione, pertussis toxin was not efficiently secreted. Addition of the reducing agent dithiothreitol was unable to compensate for the lack of reduced glutathione and did not promote secretion of pertussis toxin. These results suggest that reduced glutathione does not affect the accumulation of assembled active pertussis toxin in the periplasm but plays a role in efficient pertussis toxin secretion by the bacterium.
Are augmentation mammaplasty and reconstruction of the burned breast collateral lines? Experience in performing simultaneous reconstructive and aesthetic surgery

Anterior chest burns in young females frequently result in complicated problems such as scar contracture, damage to the nipple–areolar complex and breast tissue. Furthermore, an absent breast mound, hypoplasia or disfigurement of developed breasts can result in breast asymmetry and psychological problems. So we presented an alternative procedure that combines burn scar reconstruction and augmentation mammaplasty performed during one operative session. We believe patients who have either smaller natural breasts or burned breast with anterior chest scar contracture can earn both functional and aesthetical benefits via this simultaneous operation.
Behavioral Acts Elicited by Stimulation of Single, Identifiable Brain Cells

By stimulation of and recording from all of the nerve trunks and from over 50 of the large nerve cell bodies in the isolated brain of the nudibranch Tritonia gilberti a map of the axonal paths and synaptic connections has been constructed. The nervous correlates of sensory and motor activities can be monitored in single cells of the intact animal. Similarly, discrete responses in local muscles of the body wall and complex behavioral sequences such as turning and swimming are triggered by stimulation of single identifiable units.
Introducing the Data descriptor article

C a u w Earlier this year, we announced the launch of a new type of scholarly publication for Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation (IMMI): the Data descriptor article. By introducing the Data descriptor article, we are responding to the growing dependence of research on having access to high-quality materials data. The Data descriptor article aims to provide researchers with the necessary supporting information, or metadata, needed to fully understand and use the data described with a high degree of confidence. A number of compelling needs underpin this new, peer-reviewed forum for the presentation of high-quality, high-value materials data. Most would agree that materials data can be extraordinarily rich in information, but we typically only use a subset of the data collected to explore a fairly focused hypothesis. Thus, it makes good sense, as research budgets are always constrained, to provide a forum to facilitate the reuse of materials data for a more efficient research process. Others can use available data to augment or corroborate their own research, perhaps testing a secondary hypothesis not even considered by the data originator. And as we become more dependent on models of materials behavior to guide advances in science or support engineering design, we have a growing need to develop, refine, and validate these models. Ready access to high-quality data will aid theoreticians and modelers in these pursuits. With the emergence of data analytic techniques, we also have the opportunity to gain new insights into material behavior from complex datasets where we do not yet have robust physics-based models of behavior. And finally, it is just sound scientific practice, and the core of the peer-review process, to allow others to examine the data upon which new scientific claims are based. There are several key elements to the Data descriptor article that are aimed at ensuring the data described is at least as valuable to others as it was to the originator. First and foremost is a requirement for a significantly more detailed description of the materials and experimental and/or simulation techniques and conditions used to generate the data than found in a typical research article. Also, we are asking authors to specifically address attributes of data quality, to appropriate levels, including steps taken in verification, validation, uncertainty quantification, and sensitivity to assumptions and variables. We are requiring the data be made available for peer review prior to publication to ensure the data is interpretable by someone else other than the originator. Finally, we are requiring that the data described be made accessible to all without restriction and that the data be assigned a persistent identifier to ensure it can be more easily discovered and properly cited.
Application of bacterial cytological profiling to crude natural product extracts reveals the antibacterial arsenal of Bacillus subtilis

Although most clinically used antibiotics are derived from natural products, identifying new antibacterial molecules from natural product extracts is difficult due to the complexity of these extracts and the limited tools to correlate biological activity with specific molecules. Here, we show that bacterial cytological profiling (BCP) provides a rapid method for mechanism of action determination on plates and in complex natural product extracts and for activity-guided purification. We prepared an extract from Bacillus subtilis 3610 that killed the Escherichia coli lptD mutant and used BCP to observe two types of bioactivities in the unfractionated extract: inhibition of translation and permeablization of the cytoplasmic membrane. We used BCP to guide purification of the molecules responsible for each activity, identifying the translation inhibitors bacillaene and bacillaene B (glycosylated bacillaene) and demonstrating that two molecules contribute to cell permeabilitization, the bacteriocin subtilosin and the cyclic peptide sporulation killing factor. Our results suggest that bacillaene mediates translational arrest, and show that bacillaene B has a minimum inhibitory concentration 10 × higher than unmodified bacillaene. Finally, we show that BCP can be used to screen strains on an agar plate without the need for extract preparation, greatly saving time and improving throughput. Thus, BCP simplifies the isolation of novel natural products, by identifying strains, crude extracts and fractions with interesting bioactivities even when multiple activities are present, allowing investigators to focus labor-intensive steps on those with desired activities.
A Multi-Stage Surrogate Modeling Approach to Examine Vehicle-Level Technology Impacts at the Airport-Level

Fleet-level analysis of technology scenarios are necessary to examine the system impact of potential technology packages applied at the aircraft level. Typically, fleet analyses require significant amounts of information to perform detailed model runs. This approach makes it difficult to analyze a broad set of technology scenarios because each one requires time consuming modeling. This paper presents a multi-stage surrogate modeling approach capable of examining vehicle-level technology impacts to noise at the airport-level. This process was developed to provide a dynamic dashboard evaluation of vehicle-level technology rolled up to the system-level (a representative airport in this case). The approach defines a subset grid of data that are each treated like an individual noise metric at the aircraft level. Surrogate models are developed to represent aircraft-level noise at these locations as a function of aircraft technology and design characteristics. The subset grid is small enough that aircraft-level noise can be aggregated to the airport level almost instantaneously. Once at the airport-level a separate set of surrogate models utilizes the airport-level noise values to determine the location and size of the Day-Night Average Level (DNL) 65 dB contour. The approach is described in detail, including generation of the surrogate models. Finally several notional scenarios are examined to evaluate the ability of the approach to represent the size and location of the DNL 65 dB contour as a function of aircraft-level settings.
Synthesis and property of a Helwingia-structured nickel nitride/ nickel hydroxide nanocatalyst in hydrazine decomposition

Unique Helwingia-structured nickel nitride nanoparticles on nickel hydroxide nanosheets (H–Ni3N/Ni(OH)2) were prepared using hydrothermal synthesis of Ni(OH)2 nanosheets followed by partial phase transformation to Ni3N via controlled nitridation. The H–Ni3N/Ni(OH)2 was characterized for its structural information and studied for catalytic properties. It exhibited both good activity and excellent stability in aqueous phase and low temperature hydrazine decomposition, demonstrating its potential as a catalyst for the reaction. Mechanisms behind the catalytic property of the H–Ni3N/Ni(OH)2 structure were discussed based on careful kinetics studies and characterizations.
Plastic Surgery Residents' Understanding and Attitudes Toward Biostatistics: A National Survey

BackgroundAn understanding of biostatistics is a critical skill for the practicing plastic surgeon. The purpose of the present study was to assess plastic surgery residents' attitudes and understanding of biostatistics.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of plastic surgery residents. A survey as
Heart disease in pregnancy.

Normal pregnancy causes physiologic changes that may mimic symptoms of heart disease, but organic heart disease does complicate about 1 percent of pregnancies. Once the physician has made his diagnosis, he usually can manage the pregnant cardiac patient medically. Surgical intervention, either to terminate the pregnancy or to correct the heart condition, is not often necessary.
Research on Robot Multi-Target Recognition and Localization Based on Wavelet Packet

According to the GRB-400 robot system,a novel method of image matching algorithm based on wavelet package was adopted in the robot system for the multi-target recognition and localization.First,in order to obtain the hight efficient edge information of target objects while removing the high frequency noise in the image,the original image was decomposed to two levels by wavelet packet.Only the high frequency part of the image was processed during the whole processing.Then Hu moment invariants were applied to measure the similarity between objects and template to complete image matching,and ultimately to obtain the target object for robot grabbing.Finally,the movement qualitative method was used to acquire the center of mass position of the target object,so as to complete later target object grabbing.The simulation results show that the adopted method can help the robot system effectively complete multi-objective object recognition and localization,at the same time ensure the running speed.
Radio-frequency and microwave dielectric properties of insects.

Basic principles and definitions of dielectric properties of materials are presented. Data from the literature on the dielectric properties of insects are briefly reviewed and discussed in relation to insect control by selective dielectric heating. Because early measurements of the dielectric properties of insects were taken on bulk samples of insects (insect and air-space dielectric mixtures), a means for converting the dielectric properties, or permittivities, of bulk samples of particulate materials to those of the solid particles is described. The technique uses the Landau & Lifshitz, Looyenga dielectric mixture equation and information on the bulk densities of air-insect mixtures used for dielectric properties measurements along with the densities of the insects. Such converted data for the dielectric constants and loss factors of the insects are presented and collected for comparison with other measurements of insect tissues and permittivity determinations from more recent microwave measurements of ...
Residential Proximity And Its Impact On College Students’ Body Mass Index

Objective. The purpose of this study was to examine if environmental accessibility to healthy resources was associated with college students’ corresponding health behaviors and body mass index (BMI). This study looked at college students’ proximity and distance to environmental influence, such as fitness centers and fast food restaurants in relation to their physical activity (PA), fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC), and BMI. Methods. A sample of 156 college students from a mid-western university completed the cross-sectional survey on proximity to campus-related environmental resources. Student addresses were used to calculate accessibility to healthy environmental resources, including proximity to the university recreational facility and local grocery store. Physical activity was calculated into metabolic equivalents (METs) and dietary behavior included measures of daily fruit and vegetable consumption and weekly fast food meals. Analysis. Linear regression was used to estimate differences in participants’ multiple health behavior and BMI based on proximity to certain environmental resources. Results. Of the 156 students who participated in the current study, 79% were female and 87% were White, Non-Hispanic, with a mean age of 20.13±1.91. No associations between behaviors and BMI were detected. Proximity to the campus recreational facility significantly predicted lower BMI (p=0.01); and distance to the community grocery store was associated with increased BMI (p=0.01). Conclusion. Findings suggested associations between proximity to environmental resources and participants’ BMI; however, this influence occurred outside the measured health behaviors. Longitudinal examinations are needed to determine the potential impact of resource proximity on changes in participants’ health behavior and BMI overtime.
Granulomatous Pulmonary Arteritis: A Hypereosinophilic Syndrome

A patient who had eosinophilia and striking granulomatous pulmonary vasculitis is reported. The vasculitis was limited to muscular pulmonary arteries and was accompanied by a giant-cell reaction and dense infiltrates of eosinophils. The bronchi showed changes characteristic of allergic asthma. This entity is related to the spectrum of diseases regarded generally as the hypereosinophilic syndromes. The presence of pulmonary vasculitis, however, adds considerable prognostic and therapeutic significance.
Two-Condition Within-Participant Statistical Mediation Analysis: A Path-Analytic Framework.

Researchers interested in testing mediation often use designs where participants are measured on a dependent variable Y and a mediator M in both of 2 different circumstances. The dominant approach to assessing mediation in such a design, proposed by Judd, Kenny, and McClelland (2001), relies on a series of hypothesis tests about components of the mediation model and is not based on an estimate of or formal inference about the indirect effect. In this article we recast Judd et al.'s approach in the path-analytic framework that is now commonly used in between-participant mediation analysis. By so doing, it is apparent how to estimate the indirect effect of a within-participant manipulation on some outcome through a mediator as the product of paths of influence. This path-analytic approach eliminates the need for discrete hypothesis tests about components of the model to support a claim of mediation, as Judd et al.'s method requires, because it relies only on an inference about the product of paths-the indirect effect. We generalize methods of inference for the indirect effect widely used in between-participant designs to this within-participant version of mediation analysis, including bootstrap confidence intervals and Monte Carlo confidence intervals. Using this path-analytic approach, we extend the method to models with multiple mediators operating in parallel and serially and discuss the comparison of indirect effects in these more complex models. We offer macros and code for SPSS, SAS, and Mplus that conduct these analyses. (PsycINFO Database Record
Effect of varying dietary concentrations of lysine on growth performance of the Pearl Grey guinea fowl

Abstract Lysine is the second limiting essential amino acid in poultry nutrition after methionine. Understanding the lysine requirement of poultry is necessary in guiding formulation of least cost diets that effectively meet the nutritional needs of individual birds. The lysine requirement of the Pearl Grey guinea fowl (PGGF) is not known. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the appropriate lysine levels required for optimal growth attributes of the PGGF. In a 12-week study, 512 one-day-old Pearl Grey guinea keets were weighed individually and randomly assigned to electrically heated battery brooders. Each battery contained 12 compartments housing 15 birds each. Eight diets fed to the experimental birds consisted of corn-soybean meal and contained 0.80 to 1.22 digestible lysine in 0.06% increments. Feed and water were provided at free choice and the diets were replicated twice. Experimental diets contained 3,100 Kcal metabolizable energy (ME)/kg diet and 23% crude protein (CP), 3,150 ME Kcal ME/kg diet and 21% CP, and 3,100 ME/kg and 17% CP, at zero to 4, 5 to 10, and 11 to 12 weeks of age (WOA), respectively. Birds were provided water ad libitum and a 23:1 and 8:16-hr (light:dark) regimen at zero to 8 and 9 to 12 WOA, respectively. Birds were weighed weekly, and body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversions were determined. Data were analyzed using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedures of SAS (2002) with dietary lysine as treatment effect. Females responded better to diets containing 1.04 and 0.8% lysine from hatch to 4 and 5 to 12 WOA, respectively. Males responded better to diets containing 1.10 and 0.8% lysine at hatch to 4 WOA and 5 to 12 WOA, respectively. Therefore, we recommend that PGGF females and males be fed diets containing 1.04 and 1.10%, respectively, at hatch to 4 WOA and 0.80% lysine at 5 to 12 WOA. The diets should be supplied in phases.
Positioning of Industrial Robot Using External Smart Camera Vision

This paper contains information about the positioning of industrial robot based on data obtained from the smart camera vision. The camera identifies the element on the pallet and sends information about its position to the robot controller. The application program of robot analyzes the information received, performs appropriate calculations and moves the detected items. The presented method was used in the implementation of the two operating installations which use robots from ABB and Kuka. The paper describes what were the foundation for the construction of these installations and what tasks each of them had to perform robot. The article contains a description of the communication between the robot and the vision system that uses digital IO signals as well as standard interfaces: Ethernet and RS-232. Also application programs of a robot ABB IRb-140 and vision camera Sick IVC-2D used in the construction of one of these installations are presented.
Chapter 33 – Essential tremor

Essential tremor (ET) is among the most common neurological disorders. This chapter reviews the epidemiology, clinical features, and pathophysiology of ET. The defining feature is a kinetic tremor of the arms. Patients often have a postural tremor as well. Other body regions may also be involved (especially the head). The severity of tremor may range from mild cases in population settings to more severe cases in treatment settings. Motor features aside from tremor have been described in ET, including tandem gait difficulty. Mild cognitive changes (especially executive dysfunction) have been documented in many studies as well. Despite being regarded as one of the most common hyperkinetic movement disorders, establishing a precise prevalence has been difficult, yet the prevalence among persons aged 40 and older seems to be 4% or higher. There are numerous examples of families in which the disease appears to be inherited yet genetic studies have not progressed to the point where ET genes have been identified. There is also a growing understanding that environmental factors are likely to contribute to the etiology of ET. More recent postmortem studies have helped localize the possible source of ET to structural alterations in the cerebellum and its connecting pathways.
Recent Progress in Particle Physics

Although I am honored to have been asked to give the final summary talk of this conference, I must say right away that it is impossible to summarize such a wide range of topics as we have discussed in the past two weeks. The particles discussed ranged from point-like partons, through our familiar mesons and baryons, to the other extreme of the particles Ehlers was concerned with — which turned out to be small rocks or even golf balls! Therefore I will not try to summarize, but will instead give you some personal reflections on the theme of this conference, progress in particle physics.
The trigeminal ganglion in human embryos of stage 14 (approximately 32 postovulatory days)

Graphic reconstructions of the trigeminal ganglia were made in serially sectioned 5 human embryos of stage 14. The ganglion is of irregular oval shape and is divided into ophthalmic and maxillo-mandibular parts. From these parts of the ganglion the main branches of the 5th nerve arise.
Truth-Telling, Trauma Fiction, and the Challenge of Critical Engagement: A Reading of Breaking Stalin’s Nose and A Winter’s Day in 1939

The Great Terror of 1936–1938 and mass deportations of “enemies of the people” between the 1930s and the 1950s are among signature atrocities committed by Stalinist Russia. Claiming the lives of several million Soviet citizens and foreign nationals, these executions and deportations were a silenced topic until the collapse of the Soviet Union. When they emerged in twenty first century children’s literature, stories of Soviet terror and deportations became a subgenre of trauma fiction—a large category predicated on mourning authentic historical traumas and appreciated for its truth-telling value. Recent criticism, however, has pointed at the limits of truth-telling genres in engaging audiences. In A Literature of Questions Joe Sutliff Sanders argued that nonfiction is more productive when texts share authority with their readers and invite critical engagement. What form can that engagement take in trauma genres? How can it be generative of dialogue or new knowledge? This essay offers a reading of Eugene Yelchin’s (Breaking Stalin’s Nose, Henry Holt, New York, 2011) and Melinda Szymanik’s (A Winter’s Day in 1939, Scholastic, Auckland, 2013) to argue that truth-telling need not be antithetical to critical engagement. The argument is that even texts whose authority derives from representations of historical atrocities can communicate their truths in a way that invites readers to interrogate the process by which historical knowledge is generated, articulated and remains meaningful in the present.
Virtual coach: the next tool in functional endoscopic sinus surgery education

BACKGOUND Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) can be challenging as novices become accustomed to handling endoscopes and instruments while navigating complex sinonasal anatomy. Experts demonstrate fluid and efficient motions when addressing pathology. The training process from novice to expert relies on hands-on experience in cadaveric laboratories and preceptorship models that require significant time and expense. This study aims to validate the use of a virtual coach to guide users step-by-step through a basic FESS. METHODS Seventeen surgeons were grouped into novice (n = 10) and expert (n = 7) based on self-reported levels of surgical experience. Users were trained using the maxillary antrostomy module in the Neurorhinological Surgery (NRS) simulator combining the physical craniofacial model with virtual reality (VR)-tracked surgical instruments in the VR operating room. The virtual coach guided the user using surgical videos, auditory, and visual cues. The coach recorded data for each subject including the number of times borders of the nasal cavity were encountered and time to completion. Users graded the usefulness of the virtual coach on a Likert questionnaire. RESULTS Face validity of our NRS simulator was replicated by user questionnaires, and construct validity replicated by differentiation between novice and expert level surgeons (p < 0.01). Novices contacted a significantly higher number of anatomic borders (n = 17) and had a longer operative time (t = 370 seconds). All users reported high scores on the benefit and usefulness of the virtual coach. CONCLUSION The virtual coach provides a useful tool to enhance FESS education by providing objective real-time data in a novel mixed-reality surgical environment.
Clostridium difficile colitis

BACKGROUND: Clostridium difficile is one of the most prevalent hospital pathogens known with an attack rate of 20–25% in many American and European hospitals. METHODS: Review of experimental and clinical data on C. difficile colitis. RESULTS: The organism produces colitis and diarrhea by secreting two protein exotoxins into the lumen of the bowel. These toxins, called toxin A and toxin B, are not related to other known bacterial enterotoxins. They bind to cell surface receptors on colonocytes, enter the cell, and then inactivate a family of signaling molecules that regulate the cytoskeleton. The resulting damage to the colonic epithelium leads eventually to secretion of water (diarrhea) and severe inflammation (pseudomembranous colitis), the two hallmarks of this infection. Recent discoveries of the critical role played by the host immune response to C. difficile should allow us to eventually control this infection by vaccination. Serum IgG antibodies to toxin A protect patients against the toxins by preventing their attachment to the epithelium of the large bowel. Approximately 70% of healthy infants are carriers, that is, they are resistant to the effects of the toxin. Only later in life does infection with C. difficile lead to symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This review will focus on the contributions of basic and clinical investigators to our understanding of this widespread pathogen and to ongoing efforts to control it.
The association between wildfire smoke exposure and asthma-specific medical care utilization in Oregon during the 2013 wildfire season.

Wildfire smoke (WFS) increases the risk of respiratory hospitalizations. We evaluated the association between WFS and asthma healthcare utilization (AHCU) during the 2013 wildfire season in Oregon. WFS particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) was estimated using a blended model of in situ monitoring, chemical transport models, and satellite-based data. Asthma claims and place of service were identified from Oregon All Payer All Claims data from 1 May 2013 to 30 September 2013. The association with WFS PM2.5 was evaluated using time-stratified case-crossover designs. The maximum WFS PM2.5 concentration during the study period was 172 µg/m3. A 10 µg/m3 increase in WFS increased risk in asthma diagnosis at emergency departments (odds ratio [OR]: 1.089, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.043–1.136), office visit (OR: 1.050, 95% CI: 1.038–1.063), and outpatient visits (OR: 1.065, 95% CI: 1.029–1.103); an association was observed with asthma rescue inhaler medication fills (OR: 1.077, 95% CI: 1.065–1.088). WFS increased the risk for asthma morbidity during the 2013 wildfire season in Oregon. Communities impacted by WFS could see increases in AHCU for tertiary, secondary, and primary care.
You shall not pass: how facial variability and feedback affect the detection of low-prevalence fake IDs.

In many real-world settings, individuals rarely present another person’s ID, which increases the likelihood that a screener will fail to detect it. Three experiments examined how within-person variability (i.e., differences between two images of the same person) and feedback may have influenced criterion shifting, thought to be one of the sources of the low-prevalence effect (LPE). Participants made identity judgments of a target face and an ID under either high, medium, or low mismatch prevalence. Feedback appeared after every trial, only error trials, or no trials. Experiment 1 used two controlled images taken on the same day. Experiment 2 used two controlled images taken at least 6 months apart. Experiment 3 used one controlled and one ambient image taken at least 1 year apart. Importantly, receiver operating characteristic curves revealed that feedback and greater within-person variability exacerbated the LPE by affecting both criterion and discriminability. These results carry implications for many real-world settings, such as border crossings and airports, where identity screening plays a major role in securing public safety.
The Social Psychology of Occupational Status Groups: Relationality in the Structure of Deference

Affect Control Theory (ACT) can predict the average deference that occupational identities receive from others. These “deference scores” can capture occupational status better than previous operati...
Project to Improve the Transcription of Clinical Order Information into a Radiology Information System.

# CONTEXT Inaccurate and incomplete imaging order information presented to interpreting radiologists is a persistent problem in many radiology settings. Computerized Physician Order Entry processes in clinic-based settings are often inconsistent, and radiology transcription clerks continue to play a critical role in transmitting accurate content and information from referring physician orders to the radiology information system. (RIS) The purpose of this quality improvement project was to a) identify common transcription areas of deficient RIS imaging order information and b) test outcomes from an intervention to improve the content and concordance of transcribed patient information entered into the RIS. # METHODS A random convenience sample of 500 outpatient radiographic orders were categorized according to degree and quality of concordance between the transcribed patient information documented in the RIS and the corresponding original imaging order information. During Phase I, the authors used a root-cause analysis to determine the possible etiologies for discordance between the information in original imaging orders and the information transcribed into the RIS. The intervention that was delivered included a short education session with radiology transcription clerks with placement reminder posters at transcription workstations. During Phase 2, a second random sample was obtained following the intervention, with data collection and analyses replicating the process from Phase I. A set of inferential comparisons were conducted using chi-square tests to examine for statistical significance. # RESULTS There was an overall 44% decrease in transcription discordance (p < 0.001), and the number of cases with perfectly concordant RIS order indication documentations increased by 21% (p < 0.001). A total of 34% of transcriptions from Phase I were partially discordant due to an inadequate imaging study indication, compared to 15% during Phase II (p < 0.001). There was also a 22% increase in the number of completely concordant transcriptions free of grammatical errors (p < 0.001). # CONCLUSIONS A short education session with radiology transcription clerks along with placement of reminder posters may significantly improve both the concordance and quality of transcribed imaging order information presented to interpreting radiologists using the RIS.
Das Public Kapital: How Much Would Higher German Public Investment Help Germany and the Euro Area?

Abstract Given the backdrop of pressing infrastructure needs, this paper argues that higher German public investment would not only stimulate domestic demand in the near term, but would also raise output over the longer-run as well as generate beneficial regional spillovers. Although time-to-build delays can weaken the impact of the stimulus in the short-run, the expansionary effects of higher public investment are substantially strengthened by an accommodative monetary policy stance. The current low-interest rate environment presents a window of opportunity to finance higher public investment at historically favorable rates.
A Robust, Relaxation-Free Multiphysics Iteration Scheme for CMFD-Accelerated Neutron Transport k-Eigenvalue Calculations—II: Numerical Results

In a companion paper, we present the theoretical development of a new robust, relaxation-free iteration scheme for multiphysics k-eigenvalue problems. These types of problems are essential to the s...
Who's My Manager? Surveillance by AI Leads to Perceived Privacy Invasion and Resistance Practices

Within the last few decades, we have witnessed a dramatic rise in the use of AI surveillance technology in organizations. In this paper, we answer calls from management scholars to investigate the ...
Social Bonding in Initial Acquaintance: Effects of Modality and Modality Order:

In this experimental study, unacquainted dyads engaged in a get-acquainted task using two modes of communication across two segments of interaction. The dyads either first disclosed in text-based c...