cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiple Satellite Network Architectures Based On Laser Communications

Abstract -Laser communications systems offer numerous advantages over radio-based systems as a result of the small beam divergence angles and large antenna gains. These advantages are especially pronounced in space-to-space applications where compact hardware can deliver high bandwidth communications spanning large distances with small power. However, the extreme beam directivity makes the design of the lasercom acquisition, pointing and tracking (APT) system especially burdensome. This paper demonstrates how the APT system in turn impacts the topology of a multiple satellite laser communications network. Advanced concepts are proposed that promise enhanced connectivity (and consequently yield improved communications performance and survivability) while allowing cost-effective adaptive sharing of the lasercom resources.© (1989) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A Method for Particle and Gas Temperature Measurement in Laboratory-Scale, Pulverized-Coal Flames

Abstract A multiple-wavelength, infrared pyrometer suitable for making line-of-sight particle and gas temperature measurements in pulverized-coal flames is described. The pyrometer uses lead selenide detectors covered with narrow-band filters to measure emitted and transmitted radiation. Scattering effects may be and are here incorporated into data reduction schemes for calculating temperatures. Measurements were made on one-dimensional, coal-dust/oxygen/argon flames stabilized on a flat-flame burner. Profiles of particle and gas temperatures and optical depths as a function of distance from the burner are presented. In general, particle and gas temperatures do not differ much close to the burner, but farther downstream the gas temperature exceeds the particle temperature.
Besov Spaces and Self-Similar Solutions for the Wave-Map Equation

Self-similar solutions play a crucial role in the blow-up theory for the wave-map equation; they correspond to self-similar data at the time of the blow-up. However, solutions to this equation are ...
Solid oxide fuel cells fueled with reduced Fe/Ti oxide

For the first time, a Fe–Ti–O containing pellet, a viable chemical looping particle, was used as a solid fuel for direct contact with the Ni/YSZ anode surface of a solid oxide fuel cell. A maximum power density of 97 mW cm−2, corresponding to 84% of that in the H2 fuel, was produced using Fe–Ti–O in an inert Ar gas environment at 750 °C. The Fe–Ti–O pellets were able to generate stable electricity under repeated electrochemical oxidation and hydrogen reduction cycles. Temperature-programmed oxidation–reduction coupled with infrared spectroscopic studies revealed that the oxidation of the Fe–Ti–O pellet followed a shrinking core model; the reduction followed a progressive-conversion model. The ability of the Fe–Ti–O pellet to generate electricity on the Ni/YSZ surface can be attributed to its low resistivity (<17 Ω cm) which allows electrons to transport from the electrochemical oxidation sites to the anode surface. This study demonstrates that coupling a SOFC with an external reducer using Fe–Ti–O, an oxygen carrier, is a good candidate for electricity generation.
Identification and characterization of a tachykinin-containing neuroendocrine organ in the commissural ganglion of the crab Cancer productus.

SUMMARY A club-shaped, tachykinin-immunopositive structure first described nearly two decades ago in the commissural ganglion (CoG) of three species of decapod crustaceans has remained enigmatic, as its function is unknown. Here, we use a combination of anatomical, mass spectrometric and electrophysiological techniques to address this issue in the crab Cancer productus . Immunohistochemistry using an antibody to the vertebrate tachykinin substance P shows that a homologous site exists in each CoG of this crab. Confocal microscopy reveals that its structure and organization are similar to those of known neuroendocrine organs. Based on its location in the anterior medial quadrant of the CoG, we have named this structure the anterior commissural organ (ACO). Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry shows that the ACO contains the peptide APSGFLGMRamide, commonly known as Cancer borealis tachykinin-related peptide Ia (CabTRP Ia). Using the same technique, we show that CabTRP Ia is also released into the hemolymph. As no tachykinin-like labeling is seen in any of the other known neuroendocrine sites of this species (i.e. the sinus gland, the pericardial organ and the anterior cardiac plexus), the ACO is a prime candidate to be the source of CabTRP Ia present in the circulatory system. Our electrophysiological studies indicate that one target of hemolymph-borne CabTRP Ia is the foregut musculature. Here, no direct CabTRP Ia innervation is present, yet several gastric mill and pyloric muscles are nonetheless modulated by hormonally relevant concentrations of the peptide. Collectively, our findings show that the C. productus ACO is a neuroendocrine organ providing hormonal CabTRP Ia modulation to the foregut musculature. Homologous structures in other decapods are hypothesized to function similarly.
The body of knowledge in mechanical engineering technology

In November 2004, the ASME Council on Education promulgated a vision of the future of mechanical engineering education based on the work of the ASME Body of Knowledge Taskforce. Unfortunately, the vision gave only a cursory nod to Mechanical Engineering Technology (MET) as a part of the educational and professional spectrum. This paper presents an amended vision for the future of mechanical engineering technology education and a discussion of the body of knowledge as applied to engineering technology. A case is made for how the vision of the future for MET educational programs differs from mechanical engineering (ME) programs. In this, the relation of MET education to the practitioner and industry is a recurring theme. A vision is proposed speaking to the strength of MET graduates as engineering practitioners and as implementers of technology; job-ready, and focused on applied engineering. A discussion of the body of knowledge appropriate for an engineering practitioner and the impact of that perspective on mechanical engineering technology education is offered. The challenges facing MET as a result of the perceptions and misconceptions regarding its graduates and their strengths are discussed. Following the lead of the ASME vision for ME education, considerations for reshaping MET education are also proposed. A positive view of the strengths of an MET education is taken and a dialog is opened on the challenges facing MET education.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Estimates for derivatives of holomorphic functions in pseudoconvex domains

In this paper we will prove several Sobolev type inequalities for holomorphic functions in strictly pseudoconvex domains. To a large extent, this work was motivated by the following problem. Let D be a strictly pseudoconvex domain and let M be the intersection with D of a submanifold of a neighborhood o f / ) which intersects 0D transversally. Let f be a holomorphic function on M lying in some L p class (e.g. a Hardy or Bergman class). We want to find a holomorphic extension of f to D satisfying an optimal L p estimate on D. The case p --c~ was solved by Henkin [14] who showed that a bounded holomorphic function on M is necessarily the restriction of a bounded holomorphic function on D. For certain weighted Bergman spaces on M, optimal L p estimates for extensions were obtained by Cumenge [9] in the case l < p < o o and by Beatrous [4] in the case 0 < p < c~. More precisely, letting 6(z) denote the distance from z to 0D, the following result was proved. Let f be a holomorphic function on M satisfying
A combination of X-ray single-crystal diffraction and Monte Carlo structure solution from X-ray powder diffraction data in a structural investigation of 5-bromonicotinic acid and solvates thereof

The crystal structures of 5-bromonicotinic acid ethylacetate 1, 5-bromonicotinic acid acetonitrile 2, and 5-bromonicotinic acid methanol 3 (all of which were obtained from single-crystal data) and of 5-bromonicotinic acid 4 (solved from powder diffraction data using a direct-space method based on the Monte Carlo technique) are presented; in 1−3, heteromeric N-H···O/C-H···O hydrogen-bonds lead to infinite polar chains of 5-bromonicotinic acid, whereas in 4, the principal noncovalent connector (head-to-head acid···acid hydrogen bonds) generates centrosymmetric dimers.
Experiments on the effective viscosity of concentrated suspensions of solid spheres

Abstract The effective viscosity of concentrated suspensions of solid spherical particles was determined experimentally, under zero shear conditions, by means of a convection experiment. For solid concentrations in the range 30–50 per cent the results verify extrapolations to low shear rates of previously reported conventional viscosity measurements, and suggest that, in this range of concentrations and at low shear, a suspension of neutrally bouyant spheres behaves effectively as an equivalent Newtonian fluid.
Electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol to soluble products on polycrystalline platinum: Application of convolution potential sweep voltammetry in the estimation of kinetic parameters

Abstract Irreversible oxidation of methanol on polycrystalline platinum leading to soluble products has been carried out by fast scan voltammetry, and the reaction has been studied under diffusion controlled process. The conventional analysis of current–potential data, viz. dependence of peak potential on scan rate and peak width measurements, resulted in the estimation of apparent diffusion coefficient of methanol and the anodic transfer coefficient of the electrode reaction. However, from the convolution potential sweep voltammetry, a more accurate and reliable kinetic data were obtained. Under the above conditions, methanol oxidation follows Butler–Volmer rate law with a linear variation of logarithmic heterogeneous rate constant with electrode potential. A constant apparent anodic transfer coefficient independent of electrode potential was observed pointing to the fact that the standard potential of the reaction cannot be determined from the voltammetric experiments. The experimental current–potential curve was compared with a theoretical voltammogram and further oxidation of products at the electrode surface has also been analyzed using limiting convolution current.
A Comparative Look at the Challenges of Access and Equity: Changing Patterns of Policy making and Authority in the UK and US Higher Education

This essay compares and contrasts approaches to access and equity in these two nations, focusing largely on higher education (HE) in England and public HE in select states in the US. Three general themes are offered in the following narrative. The first is the transition of admission policy making from an internal academic decision to an increasingly external and politically driven process, and linked to the drive to develop mass systems of HE. Seven general phases are identified in the effort to expand access, and to increase the diversity of students, particularly within public universities. A second theme compares the cultural differences between the UK and the US and their influence on policymaking. A third theme relates to the contrasting organization of HE and the influence on admission policies. There are significantly different sources of power and authority in the US and in the UK. Even with these differences, however, one sees a pattern of convergence in policy goals, and in the type of initiatives intended to broaden access and to increase the participation rate of designated populations.
Successful management of sellar and suprasellar arachnoid cysts with stereotactic intracavitary irradiation: an expanded report of four cases.

OBJECTIVE Sellar and suprasellar arachnoid cysts may be asymptomatic or may cause headache, optic nerve compression, endocrine dysfunction, or hydrocephalus. We propose a minimally invasive treatment strategy when intervention is indicated. METHODS Four patients with sellar and suprasellar arachnoid cysts presented with headache, visual compromise, and endocrine dysfunction. Two of the four patients previously had undergone unsuccessful surgical intervention. The imaging studies of two patients were diagnostic of an arachnoid cyst. RESULTS All four patients underwent stereotactic intracavitary radiation with cyst regression and symptomatic improvement. In each patient, the optic chiasm was decompressed successfully. There were no complications from the procedure. CONCLUSION Stereotactic intracavitary irradiation of arachnoid cysts proved to be safe and effective. The procedure obviated the need for open cyst fenestration or shunting.
International Education: A Retrospective

The philosophic underpinnings of public education were established in France by Francois Guizot (1787-1874), in New England by Horace Mann (1796-1859), and in the Netherlands by Petras Hofstede de Groot (1802-1886). Since the beginning, however, there have been international comparisons with an eye toward improving local strategies and methods (Heyneman, 2000b), and all great colleges of education used the study of international education to expand the horizons of local teachers and administrators whose views of their profession were sometimes narrowly confined to parochial interests. A 1960s course on international education at the University of Chicago included a series of readings that seemed to fall into studies like the following:
Palladium and Aluminum Gate Metals/Aluminum Nitride/Silicon Balanced Capacitors for Selective Hydrogen Sensing

An alternate array of Pd/AlN/Si and Al/AlN/Si metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) devices has been developed using plasma source molecular beam epitaxy (PSMBE) method for deposition of AlN on Si and magnetron sputtering for deposition of Pd and Al electrodes (via mask) on AlN. Both devices show essentially identical capacitance (C) versus voltage (V) characteristics of the typical MIS capacitor. However, the C-V characteristic of a Pd-device shows a clear shift in the presence hydrogen, while that of an Al-device shows no shift. These sensors were characterized using C(V) and C(time) measurements under varying hydrogen concentration. The effects of oxygen and hydrocarbon gases on the sensors were also studied. The Pd-device responds selectively to hydrogen. These results suggest the possibility of fabricating a balanced sensor structure, which might have significant practical importance, as it would cancel all thermal and material sources of drift in the electrical component of the sensor response.
Short wavelets and matrix dilation equations

Scaling functions and orthogonal wavelets are created from the coefficients of a lowpass and highpass filter (in a two-band orthogonal filter bank). For "multifilters" those coefficients are matrices. This gives a new block structure for the filter bank, and leads to multiple scaling functions and wavelets. Geronimo, Hardin, and Massopust (see J. Approx. Theory, vol.78, p.373-401, 1994) constructed two scaling functions that have extra properties not previously achieved. The functions /spl Phi//sub 1/ and /spl Phi//sub 2/ are symmetric (linear phase) and they have short support (two intervals or less), while their translates form an orthogonal family. For any single function /spl Phi/, apart from Haar's piecewise constants, those extra properties are known to be impossible. The novelty is to introduce 2/spl times/2 matrix coefficients while retaining orthogonality of the multiwavelets. This note derives the properties of /spl Phi//sub 1/ and /spl Phi//sub 2/ from the matrix dilation equation that they satisfy. Then our main step is to construct associated wavelets: two wavelets for two scaling functions. The properties were derived by Geronimo, Hardin, and Massopust from the iterated interpolation that led to /spl Phi/1 and /spl Phi//sub 2/. One pair of wavelets was found earlier by direct solution of the orthogonality conditions (using Mathematica). Our construction is in parallel with recent progress by Hardin and Geronimo, to develop the underlying algebra from the matrix coefficients in the dilation equation-in another language, to build the 4/spl times/4 paraunitary polyphase matrix in the filter bank. The short support opens new possibilities for applications of filters and wavelets near boundaries. >
ARE AT RISK LOWER EXTREMITY PAD OUTPATIENTS BEING TREATED WITH ASPIRIN, ACE INHIBITOR, AND STATIN THERAPY AS RECOMMENDED BY ACC/AHA GUIDELINES?

Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (LEPAD) is a common syndrome that afflicts many individuals and leads to significant morbidity. Appropriate treatment of high risk individuals, per recommendations outlined in the American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA)
Invariant scale matrix hypothesis tests under elliptical symmetry

The usual assumption in multivariate hypothesis testing is that the sample consists of n independent, identically distributed Gaussian m-vectors. In this paper this assumption is weakened by considering a class of distributions for which the vector observations are not necessarily either Gaussian or independent. This class contains the elliptically symmetric laws with densities of the form f(X(n × m)) = ψ[tr(X − M)′ (X − M)Σ−1]. For testing the equality of k scale matrices and for the sphericity hypothesis it is shown, by using the structure of the underlying distribution rather than any specific form of the density, that the usual invariant normal-theory tests are exactly robust, for both the null and non-null cases, under this wider class.
Measuring the Results of Science Investments

Historically, federally funded basic and applied scientific research has promoted scientific knowledge, innovation, economic growth, and social well-being. However, there is increasing pressure to document the results of these research investments in a scientific manner ( 1 , 2 ) and to quantify how much of the work is linked to innovation ( 3 ).
Phenotypes of SERCA and PMCA knockout mice

Abstract P-type Ca2+-ATPases of the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum (SERCAs) and plasma membrane (PMCAs) are responsible for maintaining the Ca2+ gradients across cellular membranes that are required for regulation of Ca2+-mediated signaling and other biological processes. Gene-targeting studies of SERCA isoforms 1, 2, and 3 and PMCA isoforms 1, 2, and 4 have confirmed some of the general functions proposed for these pumps, such as a major role in excitation–contraction coupling for SERCA1 and SERCA2 and housekeeping functions for PMCA1 and SERCA2, but have also revealed some unexpected phenotypes. These include squamous cell cancer and plasticity in the regulation of Ca2+-mediated exocytosis in SERCA2 heterozygous mutant mice, modulation of Ca2+ signaling in SERCA3-deficient mice, deafness and balance disorders in PMCA2 null mice, and male infertility in PMCA4 null mice. These unique phenotypes provide new information about the cellular functions of these pumps, the requirement of their activities for higher order physiological processes, and the pathophysiological consequences of pump dysfunction.
Response to Comment on “A Large Excess in Apparent Solar Oblateness Due to Surface Magnetism”

Our analysis of satellite data from the Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Spectroscopic Imager revealed a strong correlation with a magnetic proxy, leading to an anomalous increase of the solar oblateness. We modeled this effect to yield an oblateness measurement of an assumed underlying nonmagnetic Sun. Kuhn et al. note that this measurement could be confused with a systematic spatial brightness variation. The existing data on this are ambiguous.
Direct association equilibrium in the Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance ion trap: the hydration equilibrium of protonated 18-crown-6

Direct associative equilibrium provides probably the best way to measure the thermochemical properties of ion-neutral complexes. This approach has been widely used in high pressure mass spectrometry (HPMS). We describe the establishment and observation of equilibrium at low pressure in the Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) spectrometer, using the hydration reaction of protonated 18-crown-6 as a test case. The measured enthalpy and entropy of monohydration are in agreement with the prior HPMS results, with the advantage that the present measurements were possible in a temperature range nearly 100°C lower. The low pressure regime of the FT-ICR technique makes accessible complexes bound by 10–15 kcal higher than for a corresponding HPMS experiment. Modeling of the equilibrium experiment was carried out using the Standard Hydrocarbon estimates of association kinetics. The strongly coupled domains of pressure, binding energy, temperature, and molecular size were mapped out for which it should be possible to establish and observe equilibrium under FT-ICR conditions. The particular difficulties raised by small molecule size and high binding energy were noted, and the possibility was noted that use of a high pressure of inert bath gas could alleviate these problems by accelerating the attainment of equilibrium.
Immunohistochemical study of granular cell tumors of the neurohypophysis.

Six granular cell tumors (GCT) of the neurohypophysis were studied by immunohistochemical techniques. They were all labeled by peanut lectin (Arachis hypogaea) and three showed reactivity for S-100 protein. Unlike extracranial GCT, neuron specific enolase (NSE), myelin basic protein (MBP) and vimentin were not detected in the tumor cells. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), keratin and desmin were also not observed. On the other hand, some showed reactivity for alpha-1 -antitrypsin (AAT), alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (AAC) and cathepsin B. These results suggest that neurohypophysial GCT have some features different from extracranial GCT and that they may not be derived from Schwann cells.
Model reduction and controller synthesis in the presence of parameter uncertainty

Abstract COVariance Equivalent Realizations COVERs have been used recently to obtain reduced models that match a specified number of output covariances and Markov parameters of the original model. This paper extends this theory to models with uncertain parameters. The approach is to take an n th order nominal system with h uncertain parameters, form its ( n + nh ) order sensitivity model, then reduce the sensitivity model to size ( n + γk ), where k is the number of outputs and γ is an integer chosen by the designer. The reduced-order model then matches ( γ + 1) output covariances and γ Markov parameters of the original sensitivity system. This method leaves the nominal system unchanged , and hence (1) retains all dynamical information of the nominal system, (2) maintains the correct cross-correlation between nominal outputs and sensitivity outputs and (3) preserves the distinction between plant and sensitivity states in the reduced model. This last property enables one to use the reduced model to generate a controller which minimizes a cost function that includes both output (trajectory) sensitivity and input (control) sensitivity terms. The order of this desensitized controller can then be further reduced using the same general covariance equivalence theory applied to controller reduction.
Development of a method to quantify gene expression levels for glycosylation pathway genes in chinese hamster ovary cell cultures.

Changes in protein glycosylation owing to changes in environmental conditions are not well understood. To better understand these relationships, methods to quantify controlling factors are needed. Because enzymes are translated from genes, the ability to quantify gene expression levels for glycosylation-related enzymes would be advantageous. We developed quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays to monitor gene expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells for five terminal glycosylation genes. The five enzymes were sialidase, a putative α2,3-sialyltransferase, β1,4-galactosyltransferase, cytosine monophosphate-sialic acid transporter, and uracil diphosphate-galactosyl transporter. Four of these CHO cell genes were publicly available from GenBank; however, the α2,3-sialyltransferase gene for Cricetulus griseus (CHO cell species) was not available and, therefore, was sequenced as a part of this work. The qRT-PCR primers and probes (based on the TaqManTM chemistry) were designed and validated for these five genes. The gene expression profiles were obtained for CHO cells producing the recombinant interleukin-4/13 cytokine trap molecule in batch reactors.
Functional Roles of a C-terminal Signaling Complex of CaV1 Channels and A-kinase Anchoring Protein 15 in Brain Neurons *

Regulation of CaV1.2 channels in cardiac myocytes by the β-adrenergic pathway requires a signaling complex in which the proteolytically processed distal C-terminal domain acts as an autoinhibitor of channel activity and mediates up-regulation by the β-adrenergic receptor and PKA bound to A-kinase anchoring protein 15 (AKAP15). We examined the significance of this distal C-terminal signaling complex for CaV1.2 and CaV1.3 channels in neurons. AKAP15 co-immunoprecipitates with CaV1.2 and CaV1.3 channels. AKAP15 has overlapping localization with CaV1.2 and CaV1.3 channels in cell bodies and proximal dendrites and is closely co-localized with CaV1.2 channels in punctate clusters. The neuronal AKAP MAP2B, which also interacts with CaV1.2 and CaV1.3 channels, has complementary localization to AKAP15, suggesting different functional roles in calcium channel regulation. Studies with mice that lack the distal C-terminal domain of CaV1.2 channels (CaV1.2ΔDCT) reveal that AKAP15 interacts with neuronal CaV1.2 channels via their C terminus in vivo and is co-localized in punctate clusters of CaV1.2 channels via that interaction. CaV1.2ΔDCT neurons have reduced L-type calcium current, indicating that the distal C-terminal domain is required for normal functional expression in vivo. Deletion of the distal C-terminal domain impairs calcium-dependent signaling from CaV1.2 channels to the nucleus, as shown by reduction in phosphorylation of the cAMP response element-binding protein. Our results define AKAP signaling complexes of CaV1.2 and CaV1.3 channels in brain and reveal three previously unrecognized functional roles for the distal C terminus of neuronal CaV1.2 channels in vivo: increased functional expression, anchoring of AKAP15 and PKA, and initiation of excitation-transcription coupling.
Synthesis of deuterated vitamin B6 compounds

3-Hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl-d2)-2-methylpyridine(pyridoxine-d2) was prepared by reduction of α4-3-0-isopropylidene-5-pyridoxic acid with lithium aluminum deuteride. Deuterium was inserted in the 2-methyl group using base catalyzed exchange between deuterium oxide and N-benzyl pyridoxine. Pyridoxine-d2 was converted to pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, pyridoxic acid, pyridoxine phosphate, pyridoxal phosphate, and pyridoxamine phosphate. After acetylation the nonphosphorylated forms could be analyzed by gas chromatography-chemical ionization mass spectroscopy.
A Life in a Year : The American Infantryman in Vietnam, 1965-1972

Finally, a book that focuses completely on the life of the "grunt" (infantry soldier) in Vietnam. The voices of over 60 army and marine infantrymen speak with restrained elegance of their experiences from induction to the jungles and rice paddies of "Indian country" to their return to "The World". Photos.
Stochastic point kinetics equations in nuclear reactor dynamics.

Abstract A system of Ito stochastic differential equations is derived that model the dynamics of the neutron density and the delayed neutron precursors in a point nuclear reactor. The stochastic model is tested against Monte Carlo calculations and experimental data. The results demonstrate that the stochastic differential equation model accurately describes the random behavior of the neutron density and the precursor concentrations in a point reactor.
Oligonucleotide array analysis of telomerase activation by the human papillomavirus type 16 E6 protein

Oligonucleotide array analysis of telomerase activation by the human papillomavirus type 16 E6 protein
Thermodynamic theory of the lead zirconate-titanate solid solution system, part V: Theoretical calculations

Abstract In this final paper of a sequence of five papers presenting details of a thermodynamic phenomenology for the whole PbZrO3 : PbTiO3 solid solution family, the constants derived in the earlier papers are used to calculate the temperature and composition dependence of the Elastic Gibbs Free Energy ΔG 1 at zero stress, the spontaneous electric polarization and spontaneous tilt of the oxygen octahedra in a single domain, the anisotropic weak field dielectric permittivity and the piezoelectric constants for compositions all across the phase diagram. These data can be used to determine the intrinsic component of the behavior of any pure lead zirconate : lead titanate in any part of the phase field and at any temperature, and thus can form a first step in the separation of the experimentally observed properties into their intrinsic (single domain) component and their extrinsic domain and defect related responses. The function proposed is certainly not the final word for PZT, and will clearly be subjected...
Changing Elasticities of Labor Demand in U.S. Manufacturing

This paper provides a link between long-standing labor demand elasticity estimates in U.S. manufacturing and recent studies of wage patterns and labor demand shifts in response to technical change and international trade. We document asymmetric changes in labor demand elasticities including an absolute and relative increase in own-wage elasticity of demand for production workers. Separate estimates of substitution and scale responses imply that skill-biased technical change dominates increased product market competition as a source of the observed changes in labor demand elasticity.
Comparative bactericidal effect of ceforanide (BL-S 786) and five other cephalosporins in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model.

The bactericidal activity of ceforanide was compared, in an in vitro kinetic model, with thatof five other cephalosporins: cephalothin, cefazolin, cefamandole, cefuroxime, and cefoxitin.Cultures of various pathogens in 95% human serum were incubated for 12 hours in the presenceof the cephalosporins whose concentrations were modified periodically-by addition of aconcentrated solution of drug or dilution with unmedicated serum-in order to simulate thevariation of antibiotic concentration in human blood after a one-gram intramuscular dose.One Gram-positive strain and six Gram-negative strains were used. Bactericidal activitywas assessed by monitoring changes in the number of colony-forming units.Tests showed that against Klebsiella pneumoniae, ceforanide was the most active of thesix cephalosporins. Proteus mirabilis was more susceptible to ceforanide and cefuroximethan to the other compounds; Enterobacter cloacae to ceforanide, cefuroxime, and cefamandole;Escherichia coli to ceforanide, cefuroxime, cefamandole, and cefazolin. The number ofviable cells of Staphylococcus aureus was reduced below detectable levels by all cephalosporinsexcept cefoxitin. On the other hand, Providencia stuartii was virtually unaffected by all ofthe cephalosporins except cefoxitin.
Stability of Aliphatic Dithiocarboxylic Acid Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were prepared by the adsorption of aliphatic dithiocarboxylic acids (ADTCAs) onto the surface of gold. The films were characterized using a variety of analytical te...
Complete mitochondrial genome of Germain's Peacock-Pheasant Polyplectron germaini (Aves, Galliformes, Phasianidae).

AbstractThe Germain’s Peacock-Pheasant Polyplectron germaini (Aves, Galliformes, Phasianidae) is classified as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List. The complete mitochondrial genome of P. germaini is 16,699 bp, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA, 22 tRNA genes and 1 control region. All of the 13 protein-coding genes have ATG as start codon. Eight of the 13 protein-coding genes have TAA as stop codon.
Examining statistical differences between using returns and yields to maturity in bond market event studies

Abstract This paper investigates the statistical differences between using returns and using yields in bond market event studies. The analysis shows that there are systematic differences between the statistical tests of the two methodologies. The differences depend on the bond's duration, whether the new is perceived to be good or bad, and the size of the bond's yield change.
Accelerating dislocations: Wave-front behavior

Abstract The wave-front behavior of accelerating dislocations and the singularities involved are discussed (a) for screw and edge dislocation starting from rest and moving with constant velocity, (b) for screw dislocations accelerating from rest with constant acceleration, (c) for supersonically moving screw dislocations and (d) for circular dislocation loops at rest which start expanding with constant radial velocity.
Differential Equations and Process Control

The serious student of Process Control must recognize that one important facet of his education is the development of the mathematical sophistication required for him to approach the subject creatively. The transform methods commonly used in the solution of a control problem convert the dynamic analytical structure (differential equation) used to describe all dynamic processes into static algebraic relationships. The use of transform method is necessary to simplify the mechanics of the control problem solution procedure. But, the student must not lose sight of the fact that the tools developed for the analysis and design of process control systems have their origin in the dynamic analytical structure used to describe the control problem and not the algebraic structure used to simplify the solution procedure. The above discussion will be illustrated by reviewing, some of the basic concepts of process control. The discussion in this tutorial paper will be limited to processes described. by linear ordinary constant coeffcient differential equations.
Neuroblastoma with opsomyoclonus and turner syndrome

A neuroblastoma developed in a child with Turner’s syndrome (45, X), the second reported case of such an association. The initial symptom, opsomyoclonus, is associated with a better prognosis, as was evident in our case. The use of computed tomography is valuable in the diagnosis of occult neuroblastoma.
Phorbol esters enhance transmitter release in rat hippocampal slices

Phorbol esters enhance synaptic transmission in the rat hippocampal slice preparation most likely by acting at a presynaptic locus. To more directly examine the actions of phorbol esters on neurotransmitter release we have measured their effects on the occurrence of spontaneous postsynaptic potentials as well as on the potassium stimulated release of endogenous glutamate. Both measures of transmitter release were increased by phorbol esters suggesting a functional or regulatory role for protein kinase C in controlling the release of neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS.
UNSTEADY LIFT PRODUCED BY A STREAMWISE VORTEX IMPINGING ON AN AIRFOIL

Abstract An analytical model is investigated to estimate the spectrum of the unsteady lift produced by a low Mach number, streamwise vortex “playing” on the leading edge of a thin airfoil. The vortex is assumed to exhibit a random wave-like behavior induced by mean flow turbulence and upstream influence from the edge, and to contain quasi-periodic structures associated with its mode of generation at some upstream station at an appropriate ‘shedding’ Strouhal number. To calculate the resulting modulation of the lift, the quasi-periodic structures are modelled by a succession of uncorrelated vortex rings that impinge randomly on the leading edge within a bounded region determined by the mean flow conditions. The overall lift fluctuation can be calculated as a linear superposition of the separate lifts induced by each vortex, and this is used to evaluate the lift spectrum. The spectrum is broadband and relatively flat up to a maximum frequency determined by the vortex core diameter. This broadband region can typically span an interval of airfoil-reduced frequencies between 1 and 102.
Numerical simulation of SiGe HBT's at cryogenic temperatures

This paper describes SCORPIO, a new one-dimensional, drift-diffusion simulator for modeling silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors (SiGe HBT's) over a wide temperature range (77-400K). SCORPIO will be used to investigate fundamental low-temperature device physics problems and key device design issues. Comparisons of simulation results with experimental measurements are being used to ensure accurate model calibration
Museum websites and museum visitors: digital museum resources and their use

Abstract This article presents results from an exploratory survey (administered to more than 1200 visitors at nine different online museums) that addressed questions about the role of museum websites in the lives of museum visitors. The results provide details about the use of digital museum resources on museum websites, and indicate that the majority of online museum visitors have clear expectations for the interactions that take place between museums and museum websites. This article documents the role digital museum resources play in the lives of museum visitors, and provides strategies for supporting the information needs of all visitors as they use digital museum resources, both online and in-house. The lessons learned underscore the importance of taking a visitor-centered approach when developing digital museum resources, and the need for museum researchers and professionals to better understand how new information technologies have changed the way museum visitors approach museums and their resources.
A proposed methodology for computational fluid dynamics code verification, calibration, and validation

Verification, calibration, and validation (VCV) of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes is an essential element of the code development process. The exact manner in which code VCV activities are planned and conducted, however, is critically important. It is suggested that the way in which code validation, in particular, is often conducted-by comparison to published experimental data obtained for other purposes-is in general difficult and unsatisfactory, and that a different approach is required. This paper describes a proposed methodology for CFD code VCV that meets the technical requirements and is philosophically consistent with code development needs. The proposed methodology stresses teamwork and cooperation between code developers and experimentalists throughout the VCV process, and takes advantage of certain synergisms between CFD and experiment. A novel approach to uncertainty analysis is described which can both distinguish between and quantify various types of experimental error, and whose attributes are used to help define an appropriate experimental design for code VCV experiments. The methodology is demonstrated with an example of laminar, hypersonic, near perfect gas, 3-dimensional flow over a sliced sphere/cone of varying geometrical complexity.
IC-P3-184: Lobar gray and white matter atrophy in Alzheimer's disease: Preliminary results from the ADNI public database

age-related brain changes in healthy adults although this has never been assessed in AD. Objective: Thus, we investigated the relationship of cardiorespiratory fitness with regional brain atrophy using Voxel Based Morphometry (VBM) and the role of APOE4 genotype in modulating this relationship. Methods: Nondemented (n 56) and early-stage AD subjects (n 63) aged 60 and over had MRI and fitness assessments. Peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) was assessed during a symptom-limited graded treadmill test. MPRAGE images were processed using the VBM5 toolbox (http://dbm.neuro.uni-jena.de), and SPM5 algorithms (Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, London, UK) including the Hidden Markov Field model (HMRF), producing modulated, smoothed (10mm) gray (GMV) and white matter (WMV) maps for analyses. First, nondemented and AD subjects were compared to identify areas of AD-related atrophy (p .05, family-wise error (FWE) corrected) and create atrophy masks (i.e., “disease regions”). Next, we regressed VO2peak across WMV and GMV within groups. Results were masked with “disease regions” to assess for fitness-related preservation of brain volume in areas most affected by AD-related atrophy. Finally, we analyzed a groupxAPOE4 interaction to look for differential fitness-brain relationships in APOE4 carriers and noncarriers (p .001 uncorrected, exploratory). All analyses were covaried for age, gender, education and whole brain volume. Results: As expected, AD-related atrophy was present in the hippocampus, temporal cortex, and parietal cortices. In “disease regions”, VO2peak in early AD subjects was significantly positively associated with WMV in the hippocampus (p 0.02), inferior temporal gyrus (p 0.038), and precentral gyrus (p 0.047). Positive trends existed in AD subjects relating GMV with VO2peak in whole-brain analyses in the superior and inferior temporal, prefrontal, and parietal cortices. A significant interaction for groupxAPOE4 genotype was present in the bilateral middle temporal cortices. APOE4 noncarriers had a stronger fitness-brain volume relationship than APOE4 carriers. Conclusions: In early-stage AD, cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with regional brain volumes in the hippocampus, temporal, and parietal cortices suggesting that maintaining cardiorespiratory fitness may positively modify AD-related brain atrophy. The presence of an APOE 4 allele may limit the positive affect of fitness on brain volume in early AD.
Digital explicit model following with unstable model dynamics

In the optimal regulator formulation of discrete explicit model following the Riccati equation may fail to reach a steady-state value for model dynamics which are not asymptotically stable. Such conditions often arise in aircraft applications when flying quality criteria based on step inputs are used to define the model equations. Mathematical conditions are presented which insure a steady-state value of the model-following gain matrix regardless of the behavior of the underlying Riccati equation. These results are applied to the design of a model-following controller for the lateral motion of a typical fighter aircraft using unstable model equations.
Morphometric evaluation of the hydrocephalic brain: relationships with cognitive development.

The effects of early hydrocephalus and related brain anomalies on cognitive skills are not well understood. In this study, magnetic resonance scans were obtained from 99 children aged from 6 to 13 years with either shunted hydrocephalus (n=42) or arrested (unshunted) hydrocephalus (n=19), from patient controls with no hydrocephalus (n=23), and from normal, nonpatient controls (n=15). Lateral ventricle volumes and area measurements of the internal capsules and centra semiovale in both hemispheres were obtained from these scans, along with area measurements of the corpus callosum. Results revealed reductions in the size of the corpus callosum in the shunted hydrocephalus group. In addition, lateral ventricle volumes were larger and internal capsule areas were smaller in both hemispheres in children with shunted and arrested hydrocephalus. The centra semiovale measurements did not differentiate the groups. Correlating these measurements with concurrent assessments of verbal and nonverbal cognitive skills, motor abilities, and executive functions revealed robust relationships only between the area of the corpus callosum and nonverbal cognitive skills and motor abilities. These results support the theory of a prominent role for the corpus callosum defects characteristic of many children with shunted hydrocephalus in the spatial cognition deficits commonly observed in these children.
Induction of neuronal damage in guinea pig brain by intratracheal infusion of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, a mustard gas analog.

Intratracheal infusion of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), a mustard gas analog and a chemical warfare agent is known to cause massive damage to lung. The purpose of this study was to determine whether intratracheal CEES infusion causes neuronal damage. Histological, immunohistochemical, and Western blot studies indicated that CEES treatment caused dose-dependent increases in blood cell aggregation, microglial cell number, microglial activation, and brain inflammation. In addition, an increased expression of α-synuclein and a decreased expression of the dopamine transporter were observed. The results indicate that intratracheal CEES infusion is associated with changes in brain morphology mediated by an increase in α-synuclein expression, leading to neurotoxicity in a guinea pig model. These changes may be mediated by oxidative stress. Furthermore, the present study indicates for the first time that intratracheal infusion of a single dose of CEES can cause neuroinflammation, which may lead to neurological disorders in later part of life. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:23–30 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20409
Fragmentation instabilities in nuclear systems.

Several experiments suggest that the phase transition model is not applicable to the wide range product masses and projectile energies that were considered in a recent analysis of light fragment formation. Detailed conclusions concerning critical temperatures and exponents probably reflect changes in mechanism as well as problems with the treatment of the experimental data in that analysis.
Physical effects on Fischer–tropsch synthesis over composite Ru catalysts

Fischer–Tropsch synthesis was studied over composite catalysts formed by adding SiO2 to Ru/Al2O3 and to Ru/TiO2. The two Ru primary catalysts alone had reasonably similar catalytic properties for this synthesis. It was found that the presence of excess amounts of SiO2 with the primary Ru catalysts can produce significant changes in conversion and product selectivity, depending upon the support used. It is suggested that the effects produced by the physical presence of this inert material are due to a combination of primary catalyst activity, product selectivities, possible secondary reactions, heat and mass transfer effects, and reaction conditions. These results emphasize the importance of considering both physical and chemical effects when developing any composite catalyst mechanism. On a etudie la synthese Fisher–Tropsch sur des catalyseurs composites formes par addition de SiO2 aux deux catalyseurs Ru/All2O3 et Ru/TiO2. Les deux catalyseurs primaires seuls, possedent des proprietes catalytiques raisonnablement semblables pour la synthese. On a constate que la presence de quantites de SiO2 en exces avec les deux catalyseurs primaires au Ru peut produire des changements importants dans la conversion et la selectivite des produits, selon le support employe. Il y a lieu de croire que les effets que produit la presence physique du materiau inerte (SiO2) sont dus a une combinaison des facteurs suivants: activite du catalyseur primaire, selectivites des produits, reactions secondaires possibles, effets du transfert de chaleur et de masse, et conditions de reaction. Les resultats precites soulignent l'importance de considerer a la fois les effets physiques et chimiques, lorsqu'on etablit un mecanisme impliquant un catalyseur composite.