cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of marijuana policy on children and adolescents.

Theworld of publishing,whether it ismedical journals or the lay press, is a rapidly evolvingone, andweat JAMAPediatrics and The JAMA Network are dedicated to being at the forefront of this evolution. This month’s issue represents the first major redesign of the print journal inmore than 2 decades. Starting with the table of contents nowappearing on the cover, the entire journal format has been updated to improve the presentation and readability both in print and on the web. Each issuewill leadwithahighlightspage, followedbyopinionpieces includingviewpointsandeditorials.Original investigationswill continue to make up the bulk of the journal. All of the journals in The JAMA Network share the same design, making it easier for you tonavigate and findwhat youwant across these journals. As the oldest pediatric journal in theworld (established in 1911), our vision is that JAMA Pediatrics will be the mostrespected source of information for investigators, health care providers, and policymakers seeking the highest-quality evidence toguidedecisionmaking.Our commitment toour readers is clearly stated in our mission statement: JAMA Pediatrics seeks toprovidestate-of-the-art information to individuals and organizations working to advance the health and wellbeing of infants, children, and adolescents. The journal also provides a forum for discussion of themost important issues and policies affecting child and adolescent health and health care. JAMAPediatricswill use themost current technology to make timely information available to readers wherever and whenever it is needed. Providing this information in as accessible and readable a form as possible will occur through both our print and digital publications. As part of The JAMA Network, we have a redesigned website that through semantic tagging allows readers to search content not only within JAMA Pediatrics but also across the 10 journals ofThe JAMANetwork.Thenewappprovides users with the content of the entire JAMA Network on virtually any device or platform. We will also use social media to foster conversationsabout topics important to thehealth and health care of children both here in theUnited States and abroad. As pediatricians,we revel in observing and are fascinated by the growth and development of the children and adolescents for whom we care. With its name change, more attractive style,newtechnologies, andcloser relationshipwithother journals inTheJAMANetwork, JAMAPediatrics too isanevolving, dynamic entity that generates a similar sense of excitement.
A chemically programmed antibody is a long-lasting and potent inhibitor of influenza neuraminidase.

Globalization makes reoccurring influenza pandemics a probable health care concern for the foreseeable future.[1] Although vaccination plays a primary role in the prevention of influenza epidemics and pandemics, vaccines must be designed and produced in advance of the influenza season and cannot be supplied on-demand in response to virus mutation.[2] Thus, efficient anti-influenza drugs are as important as vaccination in epidemic management.[3] Currently, the neuraminidase inhibitors zanamivir (1)[4] and oseltamivir (2)[5] are the mainstay drugs for treatment of infected patients (Figure 1). Each must be administered twice-daily due to their rapid excretion from the body. Therefore, long-lasting and potent anti-influenza drugs are highly attractive alternatives for treatment of influenza infection as well as for prophylaxis.[6]
Natural Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Variants with Decreased Sensitivity to NS3·4A Protease Inhibitors in Treatment-Naive Subjects

BACKGROUND The prevalence and clinical implications of naturally occurring variants that are resistant to hepatitis C virus (HCV) protease inhibitors in treatment-naive patients has not been reported. We report here the prevalence of such variants and their effect on clinical response. METHODS Population sequence analysis of the NS3.4A protease was conducted in 570 treatment-naive subjects. RESULTS Most subjects (98%) had wild-type virus. The remaining subjects had the following variants present in significant proportions (100%): V36M, 0.9%; R155K, 0.7%; V170A, 0.2%; and R109K, 0.2%. The V36M, R109K, and V170A substitutions confer low-level resistance ( 70-fold) to BILN 2061 and ITMN-191. Five subjects with the V36M or R109K variant were treated with 8-24 weeks of TVR and peginterferon-alpha2a (P) with or without ribavirin (R). Four achieved a sustained viral response, and 1 was lost to follow-up. In subjects with the R155K variant, TVR/PR provided greater antiviral activity than PR alone; however, the antiviral response was lower than that observed in subjects with wild-type virus. CONCLUSION High levels of naturally occurring protease inhibitor-resistant variants were uncommon (<1% each) in HCV treatment-naive patients. TVR/PR efficiently inhibited V36M and R109K variants and contributed partial antiviral activity against the R155K variant. As new HCV agents are evaluated in clinical trials, it will be important to monitor the effect of baseline variants on sensitivity.
Crystallization and preliminary diffraction analysis of Escherichia coli cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase

Crystals of the 52 kDa monomeric Escherichia coli cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase complexed with ATP and cysteine have been grown by hanging-drop vapor diffusion from solutions containing ammonium sulfate as the precipitating agent. The crystals form long hexagonal rods in the space group P321 with unit-cell dimensions a = b = 82.3, c = 168.9 A. There is one enzyme molecule in the asymmetric unit. A complete native data set has been collected from a rotating-anode source to a resolution of 2.7 A at 103 K, with an Rmerge of 6.7%.
TH-C-220-08: Simulating the Effects of Molecular Targeted Drugs on Tumor and Vasculature Development Using An Imaging-Based, Computational Model

Purpose: Molecular targeted therapies affecting tumor and vasculature are currently used as anti‐cancer strategies. However, their effect on the tumor‐ vasculature system is currently poorly understood and quantified. We developed an imaging‐basedcomputational model to simulate tumor and vasculature development, and investigated the effects of Sunitinib, an anti‐ angiogenic receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in silico. Methods: PET scans of tumor hypoxia ([61Cu]Cu‐ATSM) and proliferation ([18F]FLT) were taken as model input. The hypoxia scan reflecting tumor oxygenation (pO2) was used to simulate initial tumor vasculature. Vessel growth rate and tumorcell division probability were hypoxia dependent. The proliferation scan determined the tumorcell division rate. Vascular regression was Sunitinib dependent and tumor cell death hypoxia dependent. Tumor volume and oxygenation were temporally evaluated for drug dosage of 0, 10 and 40 mg/kg/day and therapy discontinuation. Results: Dose dependent changes in tumor pO2 and volume could be observed by day 2 and 5 respectively, indicating a 3 day lag between micro‐environmental and physical characteristic changes. As compared to an untreated tumor, 40 mg/kg/day dosage was twice as effective in decreasing tumor pO2 as compared to 10 mg/kg/day dosage. Discontinuation of therapy on day 5 lead to increase in the tumor pO2, with both regimen pO2 tending to the pO2 of an untreated tumor. The rebound rate of pO2 for the 40 mg/kg/day regimen was four times that of the 10 mg/kg/day dosage. Conclusions: Discontinuation of more aggressive therapy leads to a faster rebound of tumor pO2 due to increased vessel recruitment rate which eventually increases in tumor volume. The model being a part of a more comprehensive tumor‐vascular model will be useful for providing insight into the effects of therapy on the tumor‐vasculature system. Incorporation of patient specific parameters enables the model to be used as a potential tool for tailoring therapy in future.
Flexibility in the P2 domain of the HIV-1 Gag polyprotein.

The HIV-1 Gag polyprotein contains a segment called p2, located between the capsid (CA) and nucleocapsid (NC) domains, that is essential for ordered virus assembly and infectivity. We subcloned, overexpressed, and purified a 156-residue polypeptide that contains the C-terminal capsid subdomain (CACTD) through the NC domain of Gag (CACTD-p2-NC, Gag residues 276–431) for NMR relaxation and sedimentation equilibrium (SE) studies. The CACTD and NC domains are folded as expected, but residues of the p2 segment, and the adjoining thirteen C-terminal residues of CACTD and thirteen N-terminal residues of NC, are flexible. Backbone NMR chemical shifts of these 40 residues deviate slightly from random coil values and indicate a small propensity toward an α-helical conformation. The presence of a transient coil-to-helix equilibrium may explain the unusual and necessarily slow proteolysis rate of the CA-p2 junction. CACTD-p2-NC forms dimers and self-associates with an equilibrium constant (Kd = 1.78 ± 0.5 μM) similar to that observed for the intact capsid protein (Kd = 2.94 ± 0.8 μM), suggesting that Gag self-association is not significantly influence by the P2 domain.
A Model of Depression in Adult Children of Alcoholics and Nonalcoholics.

This study investigated the relationships between levels of depression in a sample of adult children of alcoholics (ACOAs) and non-ACOAs and patterns of parental drinking behaviors, intergenerational family interactions, attachment behaviors, and self-esteem. Drinking behaviors directly influenced family processes and indirectly influenced self-esteem but did not influence depression. An angry/violent drinking style influenced family processes and attachment styles supporting the hypothesis that certain drinking behaviors disrupt family functioning. The findings contribute to explanations of resilience in ACOAs; ACOAs termed as resilient might have been exposed to a less violent drinking style with resultant healthier familial interactions and adult attachments.
NEGATIVE EVALUATIONS OF MEN'S NURTURANT TOUCHING OF YOUNG CHILDREN

82 female and 65 male, mostly unmarried undergraduate students read one of 16 versions of a brief scenario depicting a man or woman either engaging or not engaging in nurturant touching of young children. Subjects then rated story characters on masculinity and goodness scales and on scales measuring likelihood of social acceptance and future instrumental achievement. Men and women who engaged in nurturant touching were rated low on masculinity and high on goodness and social acceptance. Men rated male characters lowest on goodness and women rated male characters highest on goodness. Women who engaged in nurturant touching were given the highest goodness and social acceptance ratings. It was concluded that some men may avoid engaging in nurturant touching of young children due to gender stereotyping.
A case study of improved athletic performance following use of relaxation procedures.

In addition to its usefulness in areas of abnormal psychology, progressive relaxation is suggested to be of use to persons undergoing the temporary stress of athletic competition. A case study of improved performance in shot-putting is reported, and it is suggested that tension adjustment techniques may become a useful part of preparation for various athletic endeavors.
Product Stereotypes, Strategy and Performance Satisfaction: The Case of Chinese Exporters

Does following a product strategy of price leadership result in superior performance satisfaction for Chinese exporters? Does branding products and targeting less developed countries significantly improve Chinese exporters' satisfaction with export performance? Results indicate performance satisfaction decreased when Chinese firms pursued price leadership product strategies. While performance satisfaction increased when Chinese exporters used a branding product strategy, branding products and targeting other less developed countries with these brands significantly increased performance satisfaction over branding alone.
Structure evolution in the PbO-ZrO2-TiO2 sol-gel system: Part II—Pyrolysis of acid and base-catalyzed bulk and thin film gels

The pyrolysis behavior of acid and base-catalyzed bulk and thin film Pb(Zr, Ti)O3, or PZT, gels as well as their components have been studied using Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), and Dynamic Mass Spectrometric Analysis (DMSA). The TGA/DTA data reflected the structural differences of the acid and base-catalyzed gels. Gels obtained using an acid catalyst were less cross-linked, denser, and more homogeneous than base-catalyzed gels. Based on the understanding of structure evolution in the silica system, the various events in the TGA/DTA studies of acid-catalyzed PZT gels were attributable to specific mechanisms. The DMSA showed that primarily water, 2-methoxyethanol, acetone, and carbon dioxide were evolved for both acid and base catalyzed PZT gels. The presence of the latter two volatiles was associated with the decomposition of the acetate group via the carbonate route. Acetate and carbonate groups were determined by Fourier Transform Intrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to be present in the gel structure prior to pyrolysis. Differences in the synthesis of the prehydroiyzed solution were found to affect the amount of residual alkoxy groups, gel structure, pyrolysis behavior, and therefore, the resulting microstructures of sol-gel derived PZT thin films. Finally, some suggestions for improving the processing of sol-gel PZT thin films are given.
Enhancement of potato virus X synthesis in doubly infected tobacco occurs in doubly infected cells

Abstract Enhancement of potato virus X (PVX) synthesis by potato virus Y (PVY) or tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in tobacco is the result of increased synthesis per cell, not an increase in the number of cells infected. Ultrastructural features typical of PVX-infected cells and those typical of PVY-infected cells were present together in a majority of cells examined by electron microscopy from leaves supporting enhancement. PVX was detected in over 70% of protoplasts prepared from infected leaves and stained with fluorescein-labeled PVX antibody; the proportion was the same for cells from doubly infected and singly infected leaves. In leaves infected with TMV and PVX, 70% of the cells were doubly infected. The fluorescence intensity of individual cells after treatment with fluorescein-labeled PVX antibody, a measure of relative virus concentration, was greater in cells from leaves doubly infected by PVX and PVY than in cells from leaves infected by PVX alone.
Terminology control at IBM

The author addresses terminology problems in the computer industry and recommends guidelines for systematizing terminology. It is noted that the computer industry lacks a systematized method of terminology control. Because of this, communication lacks precision, exactness of term, and definition. It is recommended that, to standardize terminology, definitions must be generic, terms concrete, jargon eliminated, and synonyms restricted. Particular attention is given to systems application architecture (SAA) terminology, an outgrowth of IBM's effort to standardize the industry's terminology and meet the need for precision in expression and communication. >
Relating the swimming movements of green sturgeon to the movement of water currents

Animals swimming in tidal environments continuously interact with water currents which may either hinder or aid their movement. It is difficult to observe the orientation of an organism relative to the current when it is swimming in the wild without specialized telemetry; however, using the total recorded movement vector and the current vector, one can use vector analysis to calculate the actual movement of the animal. Here, we apply this method to six tracks of green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) in the San Francisco Estuary, using current vectors derived from a hydrodynamic model. Three move- ments were near the surface in deeper, high-current regions of the bay and three were near the bottom in shallow, low-current areas. The total displacement over ground was faster at the surface (0.9 m sec �1 versus 0.5 m sec �1 ) and occurred in stronger currents (0.7 m sec �1 versus 0.4 m sec �1 ), but the swimming speeds of the fish were similar between surface and bottom movements (0.5 m sec �1 versus 0.6 m sec �1 ). All surface movements were in the direction of the current, and two of the fish also oriented closely to the flow. In contrast, none of the three benthic movements were in the direction of the current, and two were oriented opposite to the flow. It seems plausible that green sturgeon orient to and make use of water currents to efficiently move through tidal habitats, riding the flow in high-current areas, and moving independently of, or even into, the flow in slower currents.
Cerebellothalamocortical pathway abnormalities in torsinA DYT1 knock-in mice

The factors that determine symptom penetrance in inherited disease are poorly understood. Increasingly, magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and PET are used to separate alterations in brain structure and function that are linked to disease symptomatology from those linked to gene carrier status. One example is DYT1 dystonia, a dominantly inherited movement disorder characterized by sustained muscle contractions, postures, and/or involuntary movements. This form of dystonia is caused by a 3-bp deletion (i.e., ΔE) in the TOR1A gene that encodes torsinA. Carriers of the DYT1 dystonia mutation, even if clinically nonpenetrant, exhibit abnormalities in cerebellothalamocortical (CbTC) motor pathways. However, observations in human gene carriers may be confounded by variability in genetic background and age. To address this problem, we implemented a unique multimodal imaging strategy in a congenic line of DYT1 mutant mice that contain the ΔE mutation in the endogenous mouse torsinA allele (i.e., DYT1 knock-in). Heterozygous knock-in mice and littermate controls underwent microPET followed by ex vivo high-field DTI and tractographic analysis. Mutant mice, which do not display abnormal movements, exhibited significant CbTC tract changes as well as abnormalities in brainstem regions linking cerebellar and basal ganglia motor circuits highly similar to those identified in human nonmanifesting gene carriers. Moreover, metabolic activity in the sensorimotor cortex of these animals was closely correlated with individual measures of CbTC pathway integrity. These findings further link a selective brain circuit abnormality to gene carrier status and demonstrate that DYT1 mutant torsinA has similar effects in mice and humans.
Bridging between Craft and Academic Knowledge: A Computer Supported, Problem-Based Learning Model for Professional Preparation in Special Education

This article describes and discusses Project CASELINK, an OSEP-funded three-year project that uses a problem-based learning (PBL) perspective to frame design and development of eight interactive mu...
Design and performance evaluation of an expendable modular directory scheme for maintaining cache coherency in multiprocessor systems

In multiprocessor systems with private caches, inconsistencies between blocks contained within separate catches can occur. A scheme must be devised to eliminate data inconsistencies and maintain coherency within the caches. One category of schemes for cache coherency involves using directories as an information system for the caches. In most cases the caches rely on signals from the directory as to when it can complete its operation. This paper presents a hardware based directory-arbitrator approach to the cache coherence problem. The arbitrator design is expandable and will allow parallel configuration of the directory chips to increase the number of caches that can be supported. >
Assessment of SSI on the longitudinal seismic response of short span bridges

Abstract Current practice usually neglects the effects of soil-structure interaction (SSI) in the seismic analysis and design of bridges. This work attempts to assess the significance of SSI on the seismic responses of short span bridges. The focus is placed on pier behaviour, since piers together with the abutments are the most critical elements in securing the integrity of bridge superstructures during earthquakes. The study is based on a simple representation of a soil-bridge pier system, yet one able to capture the effects of the most significant physical parameters. It has been found that SSI greatly affects the dynamic behaviour of bridge piers leading to more flexible systems, increased damping and larger total displacements. Besides a thorough investigation of the relative significance of various physical parameters on the system response, an easy-to-use approach that can be incorporated for a preliminary design of bridges concurrent with the AASHTO specifications is presented. The study concludes that safer and more economical bridge designs can be obtained by properly accounting for SSI.
Integrated detection and tracking via closed-loop radar with spatial-domain matched illumination

We develop a framework for closed-loop detection and tracking of targets. The framework is based on a Bayesian representation that assigns probabilities to potential realizations of the radar channel. In this case, different realizations are characterized by different number and locations of targets present. The Bayesian channel representation can then be used to customize a transmit illumination pattern. The probabilistic representation is updated based on received measurements and Kalman-based prediction of the states of possible targets. Simulation results from a trial experiment of the closed-loop system are provided.
Outcomes of botulinum toxin treatment for patients with spasmodic dysphonia

Background: Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a focal dystonia of the larynx. Although individuals with SD have variable degrees of difficulty in everyday communication and speaking, many report significant impairments. The impact of SD on the quality of life of people with the disorder has not been well measured. Objectives: To assess the impact of SD using a voicespecific, validated outcomes instrument, the Voice Handicap Index (VHI), and to evaluate the effect of botulinum toxin treatment on quality of life. Methods: The VHI measures 3 subscales (physical, functional, and emotional) of impact of a voice disorder as well as a total impact score. The VHI was completed by 30 consecutive patients with SD before receiving botulinum toxin injection and 2 to 4 weeks after injection. Pretreatment scores on the VHI were compared with posttreatment scores. Results: Pretreatment scores on the VHI showed significant impairment in all 3 subscales (physical, 25.5; functional, 21.4; and emotional, 20.4) and the total score (67.6). Statistically significant improvements occurred in all 3 subscale scores and the total score (P=.001) for the 22 patients who completed the posttreatment survey. Conclusions: Spasmodic dysphonia has a significant impact on patients’ perception of quality of life as measured by the VHI. Significant improvements in all 3 subscale scores and the total score on the VHI occur after treatment with botulinum toxin. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001;127:1083-1085
RADIOCARBON DATING OF A PEAT DEPOSIT IN THE CUCAMONGA FAULT ZONE, CALIFORNIA*

A sequence of peat beds was deposited in a small sag pond along the Cucamonga fault zone during late Holocene. The stratigraphic section of this deposit is described; several beds have been radiocarbon dated. Comparison of radiometric and stratigraphic chronologies allows reconstruction of the geomorphic history of the sag pond, which extends back 3000 years, and establishes evidence that the fault has been active within the very recent geologic past.
Failure to eliminate overfishing and attain optimum yield in the New England groundfish fishery

Under US law, fishery management is required to eliminate overfishing and attain optimum yield (OY). In New England, many groundfish stocks continue to be overfished, and the fishery continues to harvest less than OY. The reasons for the shortfalls are rooted in the socioeconomic structure of the management regime, and technical and scientific issues that constrain the management system. The most recent change in the management regime (days-at-sea to catch shares) and performance relative to OY and the prevention of overfishing are analyzed along with metrics used to gauge performance. The commonly used age-based production model gives a problematic perception of stock abundance. Structural issues that seem to impair achieving OY are the adherence to the single-species interpretation of multiplespecies yield and the use of the Fx% proxy. Simpler approaches to stock assessment are discussed. A management system that creates feasible goals and uses improved and simpler metrics to measure performance is needed to facilitate attainment of management goals.
Combinatorial Thin Film Synthesis of Cerium Doped Scintillation Materials in the Lutetium Oxide—Silicon Oxide System

The search for new scintillator crystals can be limited by the time consuming nature of the crystal growth process. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of a combinatorial thin film synthesis technique that is being used to explore new scintillator materials. The combinatorial synthesis process utilizes up to four individual R.F. magnetron sputtering sources which can be simultaneously powered to generate a wide composition space of binary, ternary, or quaternary material systems. In this work, we have investigated the lutetium oxide (Lu2O3)-silicon oxide (SiO2) material system doped with cerium. Lu2SiO5-doped with cerium has been thoroughly characterized due to its use in PET imaging and provides a good benchmark for our proposed approach. Thin film, cerium doped lutetium oxide-silicon oxide gradients were synthesized to investigate the phases of the material system that exhibit scintillation properties and the results were compared to the results of bulk crystal samples. We have found that the emission spectra of the thin film materials have similar characteristics compared to the bulk crystals. Additionally, X-ray diffraction measurements have been correlated to the anticipated phases of the equilibrium phase diagram, and the intensity of the luminescence emission spectra have been correlated with the corresponding phases of the system.
Dynamic wordline voltage swing for low leakage and stable static memory banks

A new SRAM circuit technique based on dynamically adjusting the wordline voltage swing is proposed in this paper for reducing the leakage power consumption and enhancing the data stability in static memory banks. With the proposed technique, the wordline voltage swing is reduced in order to suppress the voltage disturbance at the data storage nodes during a read operation. The stability of a minimum sized standard six transistors (6T) SRAM cell is thereby significantly enhanced. Alternatively, during a write operation the wordline signal has a full voltage swing in order to achieve write-ability with a high write margin. With the proposed circuit technique, the static noise margin is enhanced by up to 122% as compared to the conventional full-voltage-swing 6T SRAM circuits with minimum sized transistors. Furthermore, the leakage power consumption with the proposed technique is reduced by 51% as compared to the conventional full-voltage-swing circuits sized for data stability in a 65nm CMOS technology.
Aminoacyl-tRNA recognition by the leucyl/phenylalanyl-tRNA-protein transferase

We employ mutant and mischarged aminoacyl-tRNAs to characterize aminoacyl-tRNA recognition by the leucyl/phenylalanyl-tRNA-protein transferase (L/Ftransferase). Wild type Met-tRNAMetm (CAU anticodon) and mischarged Met-tRNAVal-1 (CAU anticodon) are substrates for the L/F-transferase during the NH2-terminal aminoacylation of alpha-casein, whereas Val-tRNAVal-1 (UAC), Val-tRNAMetm (UAC), and Arg-tRNAMetm (CCG, A20) are not. Mutations in the anticodon and extra arm of tRNALeu-1 do not measurably effect its ability to serve as a substrate for the L/F-transferase, and the dissociation constants of the complexes between L/F-transferase and either wild type Leu-tRNALeu-4 (UAA) or mutant Leu-tRNALeu-4 (CUA) are each 0.4 +/- 0.2 microM. The dissociation constants for the complexes between the L/F-transferase and uncharged tRNA, leucine methyl ester, and puromycin are all 10-1,000-fold greater than that of the Leu-tRNA.L/F-transferase complex. Dissociation of the Leu-tRNA.L/F-transferase complex is slow, relative to the rate calculated assuming that association is diffusion controlled. Finally, deoxyoligonucleotide.aminoacyl-tRNA hybrids (dO.AA-tRNAs) are employed to characterize the determinants of the Leu-tRNALeu-4 acceptor stem recognized by the L/F-transferase. A dO.AA-tRNA completely lacking acceptor stem base pairs remains a substrate for the L/F-transferase, whereas a dO.AA-tRNA containing a 2-base pair single-stranded region, at its 3' terminus, does not.
Preferences for Aesthetic Attributes in Clothing as a Function of Body Image, Body Cathexis and Body Size:

This study examines the relationship between physical and psychosocial attributes of the body, and aesthetic attribute preferences in clothing. Building upon a clothing comfort model, the purpose is to determine whether women's aesthetic response to apparel is related to their body size, body cathexis and body image and if so, to provide insight into underlying patterns of similarity in their response. An Internet survey was administered to a random sample of 199 female undergraduate students. The results indicated that body image and body cathexis had a negative linear relationship with aesthetic preference in styling, implying that lower body image and body cathexis correlate with preference for greater body coverage through clothing and vice versa. Body size showed a positive linear association with styling preferences, implying that increase in body size correlates with preference for greater body coverage in clothing and vice versa. Theoretical, methodological and practical implications are discussed.
Diversity antenna studies at 2.3 GHz for automotive applications, and MEMS-based antenna diversity switching circuit

In this paper, we present work on diversity antenna experiments in the 2.3 GHz band, specifically for applications in the automotive environment. We describe the case of. two-element position diversity, and we study the effects of the antenna positions on the amount of diversity gain. The presentation consists primarily of measurement data on a moving vehicle, with software postprocessing to determine the effects of diversity combining. We present several diversity combining schemes, and describe hardware that we have built to address one of these schemes. Finally, we make several conclusions regarding the optimum geometry for antenna diversity in an automotive environment.
Does the number of free nicotine patches given to smokers calling a quitline influence quit rates: results from a quasi-experimental study

The offer of free nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) can be a cost-effective marketing strategy to induce smokers to call a telephone quitline for quitting assistance. However, the most cost-effective supply of free NRT to provide to smokers who call a quitline remains unknown. This study tests the hypothesis that smokers who call a telephone quitline and are given more free nicotine patches would report higher quit rates upon follow-up 12 months later. A quasi-experimental design was used to assess nicotine patch usage patterns and quit rates among five groups of smokers who called the New York State Smokers' Quitline (NYSSQL) between April 2003 and May 2006 and were mailed 2-, 4-, 6- or 8-week supplies of free nicotine patches. The study population included 2,442 adult (aged 18 years or older) current daily smokers of 10 or more cigarettes per day, who were willing to make a quit attempt, and reported no contraindications for using the nicotine patch. Outcome variables assessed included the percentage of smokers who reported that they had not smoked for at least 7-days at the time of a 12 months telephone follow-up survey, sustained quitting, delayed quitting and nicotine patch use. Quit rates measured at 12 months were higher for smokers in the groups who received either 2, 6, or 8 weeks of free patches. The lowest quit rate was observed among the group of Medicaid/uninsured smokers who were eligible to receive up to six weeks of free patches. The quit rate for the 4-week supply group did not differ significantly from the 6-week or 8-week groups. These patterns remained similar in an intent-to-treat analysis of 12-month quit rates and in an analysis of sustained quitting. No clear cut dose response relationship was observed between the number of free nicotine patches sent to smokers and smoking outcomes. Baseline diferences in the characteristics of the groups compared could account for the null findings, and a more definitive randomized trial is warranted.
An automatic medical emergency telephone communications device

The authors report on the design of an inexpensive system to provide address and other pertinent data to a central monitoring point or public-safety answering point without caller intervention, that is, when activated by an external signal. In particular, it could provide a warning of a medical condition of the caller and automatically request, or indicate the need for, dispatch of an ambulance. The system also recognizes the need to ensure the security of the transmitted information so that an outside party cannot access it with an incoming call. A functional description of he system is given. >
BiliCheck vs JM-103 in identifying neonates not at risk of hyperbilirubinaemia

Background Transcutaneous bilirubinometry is widely used to predict hyperbilirubinemia by using several devices. The aim of this study was to compare the predictive ability of BiliCheck vs JM-103 in identifying neonates not at risk of significant hyperbilirubinemia, putting the data obtained with the two instruments on our transcutaneous bilirubin nomogram built with the BiliCheck.
Regulation of Hepatic Glucose Uptake and Storage In Vivo

In the postprandial state, the liver takes up and stores glucose to minimize the fluctuation of glycemia. Elevated insulin concentrations, an increase in the load of glucose reaching the liver, and the oral/enteral/portal vein route of glucose delivery (compared with the peripheral intravenous route) are factors that increase the rate of net hepatic glucose uptake (NHGU). The entry of glucose into the portal vein stimulates a portal glucose signal that not only enhances NHGU but concomitantly reduces muscle glucose uptake to ensure appropriate partitioning of a glucose load. This coordinated regulation of glucose uptake is likely neurally mediated, at least in part, because it is not observed after total hepatic denervation. Moreover, there is evidence that both the sympathetic and the nitrergic innervation of the liver exert a tonic repression of NHGU that is relieved under feeding conditions. Further, the energy sensor 5'AMP-activated protein kinase appears to be involved in regulation of NHGU and glycogen storage. Consumption of a high-fat and high-fructose diet impairs NHGU and glycogen storage in association with a reduction in glucokinase protein and activity. An understanding of the impact of nutrients themselves and the route of nutrient delivery on liver carbohydrate metabolism is fundamental to the development of therapies for impaired postprandial glucoregulation.
Mycoflora of the Habitat and Midgut of the Fiddler Crab,Uca Pugilator

Populations of fungi in and around the burrows of the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator, as well as from the midgut of the crab were sampled in October, 1972, while the crabs were active, and in February, 1973, when the crabs were dormant. The red yeast, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, was the most frequent isolate obtained in and around the burrows in both sets of samples. Ninety-four percent of the crabs collected and surveyed in October, a time of great activity, yielded the yeast from the midgut. Only 6.7% and 8%, respectively, of the crabs collected in October and maintained in an artificial environment for 3 mo and collected and surveyed in February yielded the yeast. Because of this evidence, R. mucilaginosa is suggested as a selected dietary component of U. pugilator. Other fungi, the most abundant of which were Trichoderma lignorum, Cephalosporium roseogriseum, C. acremonium, Pencillium spinulosum and Aspergillus terreus, were isolated from the soil, but were either not found or were only incidentally present in the crab's digestive tract.
An Overview of Pulmonary Atresia and Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries

Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (PA/VSD/MAPCAs) is a rare and complex congenital cardiac lesion that has historically carried a poor prognosis. With advancements in surgical management, we have seen an improvement in the outcomes for children affected by this disease. However, this population continues to present challenges due to the complex anatomy and physiology associated with PA/VSD/MAPCA. This summary of material presented during one of the nursing sessions of the 2014 Meeting of the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society provides an overview for those in cardiac intensive care units who do not have a large experience with this lesion. We will review the anatomy, physiology, surgical approach, postoperative management strategies, and cardiac catheter intervention options for PA/VSD/MAPCAs. We will also discuss recent innovations that may lead to continued improvement in outcomes for this challenging patient population.
Analysis of Human Brucellosis Surveillance in Guangzhou from 1992 to 2004

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in Guangzhou to provide scientific evidence for future preventive and control measures. Methods Surveillance was carried out by Slow Tube Agglutination Test(SAT) one time every year in 1992～1994 and every 2～3 years in later years. In 1997, screening had been begun by Rose Bengel Plat Test(RBPT). The positive serum had been diagnosed by Lab of Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong province. Results Serological test results showed that in 1992 to 2004, 14 out of 19619 persons were positive for brucellosis, with a positive rate of 0.07%. The most cases were distributed in Panyu District. Both sex would be infected. The infected people are mainly veterinarian and stock man of the age from 20 to 50. Conclusions Through comprehensive preventive and control measures, human brucellosis has been effectively under control in Guangzhou. However, to consolidate the success that already has been achieved, surveillance of brucellosis among human being and animals should be continued on a long-term basis.
Multi-Time Scale Simulation of Homogeneous Ignition of n-Heptane/Air

Multi time scale(MTS)simulation of homogeneous ignition of n-heptane/air is conducted using detailed kinetic mechanism.It is found that the ignition process covers a very broad range of time scales.In order to accurately and efficiently simulate this process,the MTS method is introduced and different time step for numerical integration is adopted for species with different characteristic time.Extensive numerical tests for n-heptane/air ignition under a wide range of initial conditions show that the MTS method can accurately and efficiently simulate the ignition process.The MTS method can be used in direct numerical simulation of reactive flows in order to significantly reduce computation time.
Successful Factors in Construction of Material Management System of State Grid Corporation of China

In order to meet the requirements of intensive material management of State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC),headquarters' IT office and materials department start to construct a unified material management system.Sound organization architecture,meeting and reporting mechanism,and strict supervision and guarantee system are formed.After seven months construction,management of master data of 30 provincial companies is realized,and the function of intensive management and control of materials is implemented.The advanced implementation strategy designed by headquarters' IT office,materials department and project group is successful experience to make high quality projects put into use ahead of schedule.
The safety of lincomycin in pregnancy.

The progeny of mothers treated with lincomycin during the first, second, or third trimester of their pregnancy were extensively evaluated at various periods extending to 7 years after birth. As compared to a control group (mothers not receiving lincomycin), the study group did not show any more developmental anomalies of the teeth, specific physical defects, general developmental anomalies, or late developing abnormalities in speech, emotional and mental make-up, or ability to adjust to schooling, than would occur in the normal population. The relationship to clindamycin, a closely related derivative, and to antibiotic therapy during pregnancy is discussed.
Molecular clock of HIV-1 envelope genes under early immune selection.

The molecular clock hypothesis that genes or proteins evolve at a constant rate is a key tool to reveal phylogenetic relationships among species. Using the molecular clock, we can trace an infection back to transmission using HIV-1 sequences from a single time point. Whether or not a strict molecular clock applies to HIV-1’s early evolution in the presence of immune selection has not yet been fully examined. We identified molecular clock signatures from 1587 previously published HIV-1 full envelope gene sequences obtained since acute infection in 15 subjects. Each subject’s sequence diversity linearly increased during the first 150 days post infection, with rates ranging from $$1.54 \times 10^{ - 5}$$ to $$3.91 \times 10^{ - 5}$$ with a mean of $$2.69 \times 10^{ - 5}$$ per base per day. The rate of diversification for 12 out of the 15 subjects was comparable to the neutral evolution rate. While temporal diversification was consistent with evolution patterns in the absence of selection, mutations from the founder virus were highly clustered on statistically identified selection sites, which diversified more than 65 times faster than non-selection sites. By mathematically quantifying deviations from the molecular clock under various selection scenarios, we demonstrate that the deviation from a constant clock becomes negligible as multiple escape lineages emerge. The most recent common ancestor of a virus pair from distinct escape lineages is most likely the transmitted founder virus, indicating that HIV-1 molecular dating is feasible even after the founder viruses are no longer detectable. The ability of HIV-1 to escape from immune surveillance in many different directions is the driving force of molecular clock persistence. This finding advances our understanding of the robustness of HIV-1’s molecular clock under immune selection, implying the potential for molecular dating.
Characterization of Synthetic Gene Delivery Vectors by Infrared Spectroscopy

For many decades, infrared (IR) spectroscopy has been used to characterize the structure of molecules. In IR spectroscopy, absorption of light, corresponding to vibrational and rotational transitions of a molecule, is measured. For a transition to be IR-active, a change in the dipole moment of a particular bond must occur upon excitation. This vibrational energy is not only dependent on the chemical nature of the particular covalent bonds, but also on the environment of these coupled atoms and bonds. IR spectroscopy has been previously employed in the study of the structure of nucleic acids, producing not only information about the individual bases, sugars, and phosphate backbone, but also providing information about the helical conformation of polynucleotides (1-3). IR spectroscopy has also been successfully applied to the analysis of lipids, as well as to numerous other polymers (4). Thus, IR spectroscopy potentially possesses the ability to obtain structural information about all of the components of most synthetic gene delivery complexes, as well as changes in the structure of polymeric or lipid components upon complex formation. In addition to the ability to gather detailed structural information, there are also some practical advantages to the use of IR spectroscopy for the study of plas-mid DNA and DNA complexes compared to other techniques, including the availability of a variety of sampling techniques, permitting the analysis of samples in a wide variety of physical states including solutions, solids, and gels. There is also no upper limit to the size of the sample molecule examined, allowing both short oligonucleotides and higher molecular weight DNA to be studied. IR spectroscopy is not a destructive technique, and requires only small amounts of material, making it ideal for the analysis of valuable samples.
Differential expression of Isk mRNAs in mouse tissue during development and pregnancy

The molecular isoform of the cDNA clone Isk present in the AT-1 atrial tumor cell line was characterized by molecular cloning of Isk cDNA. Since Isk mRNA was found in mouse heart, kidney, and uterus, a complete study of its expression during development in the heart and kidney was performed, in addition to its expression in the uterus during pregnancy. In the heart, Isk showed a 4-fold upregulation during the perinatal period followed by a 20-fold decrease between birth and the adult state. Furthermore, the two 0.9- and 3.4-kb transcripts were differentially regulated after birth. In the kidney, Isk progressively increased 10-fold, reaching steady-state adult values at 21 days. Isk mRNA levels in the uterus increased threefold at late pregnancy and decreased sixfold rapidly after birth. The Isk gene is differentially expressed during development in kidney and cardiac tissue, and both Isk transcripts appeared to be differentially regulated. Furthermore, the drastic changes in transcript levels before delivery and after birth suggest that Isk plays a significant role in myometrium during late pregnancy and delivery.
Alternative Dispute Resolution and Niyama, The Second Limb of Yoga Sutra

The Yoga Sutras is an ancient text that was recorded in India more than 1,000 years ago. It contains the 8-limb path. The 8-limb path describes various prohibitions and requirements for reaching peace and fulfillment. On this 8-limb path, the second limb, Niyama, teaches that looking at life through a virtuous filter can be of benefit. Niyama literally means observances. Yoga Sutra is revived by its application to Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). “The word sutra literally means a thread which strings together a series of 'beads' or aphorisms in their most terse or unadorned elaboration” [italics added]. The sutra’s words take on meaning when they are applied. Once they are strung in context, a lesson takes shape. Stringing together the sutras around ADR practices, including, negotiation, mediation, and plea bargaining, is beneficial for studying conflict and dispute resolution in a multicultural and philosophically spiritual way. Law schools, which teach conservative, Socratic analysis, train the majority of ADR practitioners. Lawyers tend to emphasize law during dispute resolution, and believe that ADR “is not merely an alternative, nor a private process within [the legal] framework, but a discourse that carries legal meaning and which can be used to enforce and implement the Rule of Law, encompassing its highest values.” This article intends to encourage ADR practitioners to think in terms of the sutras in order to expand knowledge, develop new strategies, and better resolve disputes with savvy awareness and acceptance rather than stricture. Dovetailing with ADR and Yama, The First Limb of Yoga Sutra, this article will contemplate the five subcategories of Niyama, the second limb. These subcategories are saucha (purity), santosha (truthfulness), tapas (heat), svādhyāya (study of sacred texts), and ishvarapranidhana (surrender).