cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Application-dependent testing of FPGA interconnects

A new technique is presented for testing all possible faults in the interconnects of an arbitrary design implemented into air FPGA. The fault list includes all bridging faults between all pairs of nets in the design, as well as multiple stuck-at and open faults. Test configurations are obtained by modifying the configuration of logic blocks. The test vector and configuration generation complexity of this method is very small. As presented in the paper, less than 20 test configurations are required in order to detect all the faults, more than 100 billion, for the largest design mapped into the largest commercially available FPGA device, achieving 100% fault coverage.
Educational toolbox for power system analysis

Power system simulation involves a wide range of timeframes, starting at microseconds when simulating fast electromagnetic transients and extending to several years in system planning studies. The same system may have to be modeled and solved in many different ways, depending upon the studied event of interest. It has been desirable to have a single software platform from which several power system analysis functions can be easily activated for the same power system. The network under study may go through changes due to switching events, outages of equipment, generators, or loads. Such changes should be recorded only once and recognized by all applications running under this platform. Each application should have easy access to the results produced by any other application. This allows modular development, updating, or replacement of various applications independent of each other. Power Education Toolbox (PET) is such a software package and has been under development at Texas A&M University for several years. The GUI of PET allows users to create one-line diagrams of systems, specify components and simulation parameters, and view output.
Scaling-up Importance Sampling for Markov Logic Networks

Markov Logic Networks (MLNs) are weighted first-order logic templates for generating large (ground) Markov networks. Lifted inference algorithms for them bring the power of logical inference to probabilistic inference. These algorithms operate as much as possible at the compact first-order level, grounding or propositionalizing the MLN only as necessary. As a result, lifted inference algorithms can be much more scalable than propositional algorithms that operate directly on the much larger ground network. Unfortunately, existing lifted inference algorithms suffer from two interrelated problems, which severely affects their scalability in practice. First, for most real-world MLNs having complex structure, they are unable to exploit symmetries and end up grounding most atoms (the grounding problem). Second, they suffer from the evidence problem, which arises because evidence breaks symmetries, severely diminishing the power of lifted inference. In this paper, we address both problems by presenting a scalable, lifted importance sampling-based approach that never grounds the full MLN. Specifically, we show how to scale up the two main steps in importance sampling: sampling from the proposal distribution and weight computation. Scalable sampling is achieved by using an informed, easy-to-sample proposal distribution derived from a compressed MLN-representation. Fast weight computation is achieved by only visiting a small subset of the sampled groundings of each formula instead of all of its possible groundings. We show that our new algorithm yields an asymptotically unbiased estimate. Our experiments on several MLNs clearly demonstrate the promise of our approach.
Eavesdropping on the IS-95 downlink: reduced complexity optimum and suboptimum multiuser detectors

We consider multiuser detection techniques for an eavesdropping receiver in an IS-95 cellular communication system observing interfering downlink transmissions from a cluster of B base stations. The receiver desires to accurately estimate the symbols transmitted from these base stations to their active local users. For a system with K total asynchronous users and an observation of 2L+1 bits, the optimum detector is reviewed and shown to have complexity on the order of 2/sup K(2L+1)/. Taking advantage of the structure of the IS-95 downlink, we develop a reduced complexity optimum detector with exponentially lower complexity. In typical scenarios with two or three base stations, the reduced complexity optimum detector is significantly less complex than the brute-force optimum detector. We also consider a suboptimum, low complexity IS-95 downlink eavesdropping detector with connections to reduced complexity optimum detection as well as group detection and parallel interference cancellation. We demonstrate via simulation that the performance of this receiver can be near-optimum while offering very low computational complexity.
Comparison of Listing Strategies for Allosensitized Heart Transplant Candidates Requiring Transplant at High Urgency: A Decision Model Analysis

Allosensitized children who require a negative prospective crossmatch have a high risk of death awaiting heart transplantation. Accepting the first suitable organ offer, regardless of the possibility of a positive crossmatch, would improve waitlist outcomes but it is unclear whether it would result in improved survival at all times after listing, including posttransplant. We created a Markov decision model to compare survival after listing with a requirement for a negative prospective donor cell crossmatch (WAIT) versus acceptance of the first suitable offer (TAKE). Model parameters were derived from registry data on status 1A (highest urgency) pediatric heart transplant listings. We assumed no possibility of a positive crossmatch in the WAIT strategy and a base-case probability of a positive crossmatch in the TAKE strategy of 47%, as estimated from cohort data. Under base-case assumptions, TAKE showed an incremental survival benefit of 1.4 years over WAIT. In multiple sensitivity analyses, including variation of the probability of a positive crossmatch from 10% to 100%, TAKE was consistently favored. While model input data were less well suited to comparing survival when awaiting transplantation across a negative virtual crossmatch, our analysis suggests that taking the first suitable organ offer under these circumstances is also favored.
The effects of variation in dietary protein and ethanol on hepatic microsomal drug metabolism in the rat

The effects of chronic ethanol consumption and variations in dietary protein content on microsomal drug metabolism were studied in rats pair-fed liquid diets containing 10, 20, or 30% dietary protein with or without ethanol. In vivo drug metabolism was measured by aminopyrine breath tests and aminopyrine blood elimination kinetics. In vitro drug metabolism was assessed by measuring aminopyrine N-demethylase activity in the hepatic microsomal fraction. The rate of elimination of aminopyrine in vivo was increased in all ethanol-fed animals (p < 0.05) regardless of the protein content of the diet. Animals receiving 10 or 20% protein diets with ethanol showed a 36% increase in drug elimination over pair-fed controls as compared to a 17% increase in drug elimination over controls in animals receiving 30% protein diets. Microsomal aminopyrine N-demethylase activities were similar in ethanol-fed animals and pair-fed controls. Cytochrome P-450 content was increased in all ethanol-fed animals (p < 0.05) but the increase was not dependent on dietary protein content. These results indicate that the effect of chronic ethanol feeding in enhancing drug metabolism in vivo is influenced by the dietary protein content.
African Fire Cultures, Cattle Ranching, and Colonial Landscape Transformations in the Neotropics

Fire regimes emerge partly from human activities that reflect cultural‐ecological knowledge of the relationships among fire, vegetation, grazing, climate, and other variables, as well as social rel...
Temporal distribution and ontogenetic development of EEG activity during sleep.

The purpose of this study was to investigate nightly patterns of temporal organization of EEG alpha, beta, delta, and sigma spindle activities and to measure changes in these patterns with age. A total of 50 nights of EEG recordings were obtained from normal subjects from various age groups, ranging from 3 to 79 yrs. A Sleep Analyzing Hybrid Computer (SAHC) measured min by min amounts of each EEG waveform. The amount of beta activity occurring in the first half of the night increased with age, whereas the amount occurring later in the night decreased. An opposing trend was observed in the occurrence of delta activity. Alpha activity increased significantly for subjects in their 50's and increased tremendously after age 65. In the oldest group the alpha had developed a very definite ultradian pattern and appeared coincident with REM. This alpha-REM pattern was suppressed in the younger age groups.
Severe hyponatraemia with absence of hyperkalaemia in rapidly progressive Addison's disease

We present a case of rapidly progressing Addison9s disease in adrenal crisis with severe hyponatraemia and absence of hyperkalaemia in a 10-year-old girl. She presented with 2 weeks of vomiting, fatigue and weight loss. Her serum electrolytes obtained 1 week prior to presentation were normal, except for mild hyponatraemia at 131 mmol/L, which dropped to 112 mmol/L on admission. She had normal serum potassium, low-serum osmolality, with elevated urine sodium and osmolality, indistinguishable from syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Subsequently, Addison9s disease was diagnosed on the basis of gingival hyperpigmentation and undetectable cortisol on adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test. She rapidly responded to stress dose hydrocortisone, followed by hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone replacement therapy. The absence of hyperkalaemia in the presence of severe hyponatraemia cannot rule out Addison9s disease in children. The mechanism of hypo-osmolar hyponatraemia in primary adrenal insufficiency and clinical clues to differentiate it from SIADH are discussed.
Alternatives for Myocardial Protection: Adenosine‐Enhanced Ischemic Preconditioninga

: Intrinsic to the development of new myoprotective protocols for use in cardiac surgery are the requirements of new protocols to be equal to or better than conventional cardioplegia in providing for enhanced postischemic functional recovery and decreased myocardial infarct size. Our data suggest that adenosine-enhanced ischemic preconditioning, in which a bolus injection of adenosine to the myocardium is used coincident with ischemic preconditioning, meets these requirements, providing equal cardioprotection as that of cold blood cardioplegia, significantly decreasing myocardial infarct size and significantly enhancing postischemic myocardial functional recovery in both the isolated perfused rabbit heart and in the in situ blood-perfused sheep heart. These results further suggest that adenosine-enhanced ischemic preconditioning may provide an effective, alternative myocardial protective protocol to reduce the morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgery.
Incremental quantitative rule derivation by multidimensional data partitioning

By using cardinality and relevance information about a set of attributes and concept hierarchies, a top-down incremental data partitioning method is proposed for quantitative rule derivation from database in parallelism. Based on sequential incremental approach, we proposed two parallel versions of incremental partitioning algorithms. These two parallel algorithms are multidimensional-based to partition data set into multiple independent subsets for further rule derivation process. The second version of the parallel algorithm improves the first in terms of load balance.
Mineral chemistry of some Franciscan blueschist facies metasedimentary rocks from the Diablo Range, California

In recent years it has been demonstrated that much of the Franciscan Complex of California has undergone zeolite or blueschist facies metamorphism (McKee, 1962a, 1962b; Coleman and Lee, 1962, 1963; Ernst, 1965, 1971a, 1971b, 1971c; Bloxam, 1956, 1960, among others). Observed mineral assemblages are consistent with experimentally derived mineral stabilities and are suggestive of progressive metamorphism in a subduction-zone environment (Ernst, 1971a, 1971b). The mineral chemistry of some of these Franciscan metamorphic rocks has been studied; most investigations have centered on individual minerals-sodic amphibole (Coleman and Papike, 1968), sodic pyroxene (Essene and Fyfe, 1967; Coleman and Clark, 1968), and garnet (Lee and others, 1963)-with particular emphasis on high-grade exotic blocks. A few studies have been conducted to characterize specific metamorphic terrances within the Franciscan (Crawford, 1975) or to compare. Franciscan metamorphism with that of other subduction-zone complexes (Ernst and Seki, 1967; Ernst and others, 1970). Thus far, however, little work has been done to compare the composition of minerals crystallized at different grades of metamorphism in Franciscan metasedimentary terrances.
Modelling and feedback control design for quantum state preparation

The goal of this article is to provide a largely self-contained introduction to the modelling of controlled quantum systems under continuous observation, and to the design of feedback controls that prepare particular quantum states. We describe a bottom-up approach, where a field-theoretic model is subjected to statistical inference and is ultimately controlled. As an example, the formalism is applied to a highly idealized interaction of an atomic ensemble with an optical field. Our aim is to provide a unified outline for the modelling, from first principles, of realistic experiments in quantum control.
Viscoelastic properties of isolated collagen fibrils.

Understanding the viscoelastic behavior of collagenous tissues with complex hierarchical structures requires knowledge of the properties at each structural level. Whole tissues have been studied extensively, but less is known about the mechanical behavior at the submicron, fibrillar level. Using a microelectromechanical systems platform, in vitro coupled creep and stress relaxation tests were performed on collagen fibrils isolated from the sea cucumber dermis. Stress-strain-time data indicate that isolated fibrils exhibit viscoelastic behavior that could be fitted using the Maxwell-Weichert model. The fibrils showed an elastic modulus of 123 ± 46 MPa. The time-dependent behavior was well fit using the two-time-constant Maxwell-Weichert model with a fast time response of 7 ± 2 s and a slow time response of 102 ± 5 s. The fibrillar relaxation time was smaller than literature values for tissue-level relaxation time, suggesting that tissue relaxation is dominated by noncollagenous components (e.g., proteoglycans). Each specimen was tested three times, and the only statistically significant difference found was that the elastic modulus is larger in the first test than in the subsequent two tests, indicating that viscous properties of collagen fibrils are not sensitive to the history of previous tests.
Genome-wide identification of novel expression signatures reveal distinct patterns and prevalence of binding motifs for p53, nuclear factor-κB and other signal transcription factors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Background: Differentially expressed gene profiles have previously been observed among pathologically defined cancers by microarray technologies, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). However, the molecular expression signatures and transcriptional regulatory controls that underlie the heterogeneity in HNSCCs are not well defined. Results: Genome-wide cDNA microarray profiling of ten HNSCC cell lines revealed novel gene expression signatures that distinguished cancer cell subsets associated with p53 status. Three major clusters of over-expressed genes (A to C) were defined through hierarchical clustering, Gene Ontology, and statistical modeling. The promoters of genes in these clusters exhibited different patterns and prevalence of transcription factor binding sites for p53, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), activator protein (AP)-1, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 and early growth response (EGR)1, as compared with the frequency in vertebrate promoters. Cluster A genes involved in chromatin structure and function exhibited enrichment for p53 and decreased AP-1 binding sites, whereas clusters B and C, containing cytokine and antiapoptotic genes, exhibited a significant increase in prevalence of NF-κB binding sites. An increase in STAT3 and EGR1 binding sites was distributed among the over-expressed clusters. Novel regulatory modules containing p53 or NF-κB concomitant with other transcription factor binding motifs were identified, and experimental data supported the predicted transcriptional regulation and binding activity. Conclusion: The transcription factors p53, NF-κB, and AP-1 may be important determinants of the heterogeneous pattern of gene expression, whereas STAT3 and EGR1 may broadly enhance gene expression in HNSCCs. Defining these novel gene signatures and regulatory mechanisms will be important for establishing new molecular classifications and subtyping, which in turn will promote development of targeted therapeutics for HNSCC.
A Physicochemical Approach to the Study of Amines as Antiplaque Agents

Alkyl and aromatic amines were evaluated for inhibitory activity against S mutans 6715. Only the alkylamines were active and this may be due to their greater basicity. The agents that showed good activity were decylamine, dodecylamine, tetradecylamine, and hexadecylamine. In addition to the free bases, the hydrochloride and hydrofluoride salts were also tested for inhibitory activity and the same four agents were shown to be most active. These agents appear to hold good promise as antiplaque agents against S mutans 6715, therefore, further in vitro studies against other plaque-forming bacteria and toxicological and clinical evaluation seems to be warranted to determine the best clinical agent.
GROWTH AND SIZE AT MATURITY IN THE SPOTTED SPINY LOBSTER, PANULIRUS GUTTATUS

Abstract The spotted spiny lobster, Panulirus guttatus, is a reclusive, reef-dwelling species and appears to be restricted to coral reef habitat for its entire benthic existence. Little is known about its population dynamics, and much of the data that are available is derived primarily from trap-caught individuals and may therefore be biased. We avoided this problem by diving at night on patch reefs in the Florida Keys (U.S.A.) to collect lobsters when they are most accessible and used mark-recapture methods to estimate their growth and size at maturity. Molt increment for lobsters greater than 50 mm CL was estimated to be 1.5 mm for females and 1.6 mm for males, while molt interval was 50.6 weeks for females and 50.0 weeks for males. Growth rate was calculated to be 0.02–0.37 mm CL/week depending on size and sex. On average, males grew faster than females, but the rate of growth decreased with increased size for both sexes. Female size at maturity was estimated at 32 mm CL, based on both the minimum size...
Sriracha Shutdown: Hot Sauce Lessons on Local Privilege and Race

In 2013, Huy Fong Foods, maker of the trendy hot sauce sriracha, fought in court to stay open. The Los Angeles suburb of Irwindale tried to enjoin all sauce production, arguing that "offensive chili odors" created a public nuisance. This was an unexpected development because Huy Fong was recently invited to relocate to Irwindale and air quality regulators found no problems. Sauce lovers and the media closely watched this spicy legal drama, dubbed the "sriracha-apocalypse." Originally created for Vietnamese phở soup, sriracha is extremely popular worldwide.This conflict points to a suburban racialized exclusion, sourced in municipal legal powers. With a population that is over ninety percent Latino, Irwindale was incorporated to capitalize on racial divisions. Mining companies sought these divisions in order to benefit from low taxes. Incorporation created a legal privilege in municipal powers to exclude outsiders. Irwindale's public nuisance lawsuit to shutdown sriracha exemplifies such a tactic. Eyeing this food conflict, this Article uses critical approaches to race and geography to illustrate the influence local government law has on race relations in the suburban United States. This Article also illustrates how municipal legal powers result in racialized exclusion, despite race neutral legal positions and a lack of racist animus.
Aphicide Persistence on Spinach and Mustard Greens

Laboratory bioassays with green peach aphids, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), were conducted on samples from field grown spinach and mustard greens to determine the persistence of triazamate, dimethoate, and mevinphos. Treatment with each insecticide resulted in similar mortality initially on both crops. Mortality on samples from mevinphos treated plants declined considerably by 1 d after treatment. Dimethoate persisted for >4 d at a level that would kill at least some aphids during the allotted time. Persistence of triazamate and dimethoate activities were similar on spinach. Triazamate, however, resulted in greater aphid mortality through time on mustard greens than did dimethoate.
Slurry seal texture as affected by aggregate gradation

Although slurry seal has been used since the 1950s, consistently successful application has been difficult in achieving both durable and skid-resistant slurry seal. This paper presents the results of a study dealing with the effects of aggregate gradation on the surface texture which directly affects the skid-resistance of a slurry seal.
Lean Six Sigma: The Joint Commission

Integrating change management and Lean Six Sigma methodology exemplifies the new exceptional standard for healthcare delivery systems. The define, measure, analyze, improve, and control approach, allows hospitals to provide high quality care within efficient financial guidelines. The Robust Process Improvement/Lean Six Sigma (RPI/LSS) vehicle allows organizations to achieve high reliability with sustainability.
The Calibration of Environmental Controls on Elemental Ratios in Ostracod Shell Calcite: A Critical Assessment

Abstract The relationship between ostracod valve minor element chemistry and environmental factors has been the subject of many studies, which are reviewed here with a focus on Mg/Ca in marine ostracods and both Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca in freshwater and hypersaline ostracods. In the marine taxa Krithe and Loxoconcha , Mg/Ca ratios in the shell respond to temperature in a simple fashion, allowing them to be used as a palaeothermometer. In non-marine settings, however, calibration studies have produced highly conflicting results. We argue that the contradictory conclusions arise from questionable assumptions: (a) partition coefficients describe the water chemistry–ostracod valve chemistry relationship, (b) biological processes of biomineralization do not play a major role in shell chemistry, (c) only one relationship is expected for a single taxon across a wide range of environmental conditions and (d) current methods for cleaning and culturing ostracods are adequate for calibration studies. These assumptions must be rigorously tested.
VR study of human-multicopter interaction in a residential setting

We have built a virtual-reality simulator to design quadrotor robots that increase the independence of elderly persons living alone. The simulator lets us measure under what conditions a robot makes someone feel intrigued, or alarmed, or unconcerned, extending to nonhumanoids the studies of emotion that have been done for robots with facial expressions. This better model of how the virtual robot is perceived lets us agilely improve its appearance and behavior, containing the combinatorial explosion of parameters to study in costlier real-world experiments. The residence and the robot are rendered with Unity, and viewed with an Oculus Rift. Audio corresponding to flight maneuvers is resynthesized from recordings of an actual quadrotor. Flight dynamics using L1 adaptive control run in MATLAB and Simulink. Through menus operated by a Leap Motion hand tracker, the human subject commands the quadrotor to fly to various rooms (Unity waypoints), along precomputed paths that avoid collisions. The flight path is varied through a mathematical mapping to Laban Motion Factors (e.g., directness, sustainedness, lightness, and boundness) to provoke a range of responses. The subject's emotion is estimated from heart rate, skin conductance, and head tilt from the Rift's IMU (which is a quick metric for discomfort level).
Intracellular antibody against Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin fails to counteract toxin-induced damage

Abstract Purified IgG prepared against Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin was introduced into the cytoplasm of living Vero cells by the red cell-mediated microinjection technique. The ability of the intracellular IgG to protect the injected cells was then assessed by a challenge with enterotoxin. No protection was afforded, although cytoplasmic extracts from the injected cells, but not from control cells, were demonstrated to neutralize toxin. These results are consistent with a plasma membrane as opposed to an intracellular site of toxin action.
Analysis of Faculty Knowledge of Human Subjects Protections in Research

Institutions of higher education are continually engaging in human subject research at the faculty and student level. It is extremely important that all research involving human subjects is in compliance with the United Institutions of higher education are continually engaging in human subject research at the faculty and student level. It is extremely important that all research involving human subjects is in compliance with the United States (U.S.) Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Research Subjects. If faculty and students are not following the guidelines for the ethical conduct of human subject research, their institution will be at risk of losing any federal funding acquired through these studies and risk the possibility of having all research shut down. The lack of faculty knowledge in the area of human subjects research protections has been considered non-compliance for human subjects research. The purpose of this study was to determine if a significant relationship exists between the areas of faculty research experience in higher education and knowledge of the Total Governing Principles of U.S. Codes and Regulations. The study sought to find if faculty experience in research could predict their knowledge of human subjects research protections. In order to test each hypothesis, two statistical tests were conducted. A Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) was utilized as well as a One-Way Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). Findings indicated that there is no statistical significance between the amount of faculty experience in research and their knowledge of the U.S. Codes and Regulations for human subjects research protections. States (U.S.) Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Research Subjects. If faculty and students are not following the guidelines for the ethical conduct of human subject research, their institution will be at risk of losing any federal funding acquired through these studies and risk the possibility of having all research shut down. The lack of faculty knowledge in the area of human subjects research protections has been considered non-compliance for human subjects research. The purpose of this study was to determine if a significant relationship exists between the areas of faculty research experience in higher education and knowledge of the Total Governing Principles of human subjects research protections U.S. Codes and Regulations. The study sought to find if faculty’s experience in research could predict their knowledge of human subjects research protections. In order to test each hypothesis, two statistical tests were conducted. A Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) was utilized as well as a One-Way Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). Findings indicated that there is no statistical significance between the amount of faculty experience in research and their knowledge of the U.S. Codes and Regulations for human subjects research protections.
A Macro-Etymological Analysis of James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

James Joyce, a polyglot and a student of classical languages, was keenly aware of the etymologies of the words he used. This study is a computational analysis of the word histories of his novel A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, in which its ancestral languages are quantified and grouped by language family. These etymological families are shown to correspond to Joyce’s styles, moods, and political implications. Fine-grained analyses of chapters and sections are conducted, and the results are compared with critical theories of the novel’s narrative structure. As the pilot study employing the Macro-Etymological Analyzer, this paper demonstrates the usefulness of the tool for digital literary studies.
An-aesthetic Theory: Adorno, Sexuality, and Memory

Theodor Adorno's condemnation of the culture industry's attempt to erase the sensitivity to and memory of suffering is especially appropriate to contemporary cultural representations of sexual violence. The deadening (literally anaesthetic) effect of the compulsive and consumptive representation of female sexuality in popular culture depoliticizes and naturalizes sexual violence against women. Adorno's visionary aesthetic goal - of true aesthetic representation that decenters the viewer and compels him or her to resist the world as it is, including the importance of Betroffenheit (concern) - can serve as a powerful weapon against the hegemonic accommodation of sexual violence.
Increased expression of EZH2 in Merkel cell carcinoma is associated with disease progression and poorer prognosis.

Summary Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone methyltransferase that affects tumorigenesis by epigenetic gene silencing. Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma that has a high risk of disease progression with nodal and distant metastases. Here, we evaluated EZH2 expression by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 85 MCC tumors (29 primary tumors, 41 lymph node metastases, 13 in-transit metastases, and 2 distant metastases) with clinical follow-up. We show strong/moderate EZH2 expression in 54% of tumors. Importantly, weak expression of EZH2 in the primary tumor, but not nodal metastases, correlated with improved prognosis compared to moderate/strong EZH2 expression (5-year MCC-specific survival of 68% versus 22%, respectively, P =.024). In addition, EZH2 was expressed at higher levels in nodal metastases compared to primary tumors ( P =.005). Our data demonstrate that EZH2 has prognostic value and may play an oncogenic role in MCC.
Self-Cleaning in the Water Flow

In the preceding chapter, we discussed self-cleaning mechanisms that involve the Lotus effect and photocatalysis. These mechanisms imply that contamination can be washed away with the flow of water. Therefore, they require the three-phase system involving solid, water, and air. Some applications, such as water pipes, ship hulls, drainage systems, medical applications, such as heart catheters, have to operate underwater in permanent water flow or in other liquids, such as blood. Therefore, the Lotus effect per se cannot be used for them. However, a similar and related approach of underwater oleophobicity can be used instead, with the three-phase system of solid, water, and oil (or any organic liquid). In this system, the oil or organic liquid is a contaminant; however, it plays the same role as water in the solid–water–air system, whereas water plays the role of air.
What Do I Eat? Where Do I Sleep?: A Concern for Men of Color in Community College

A growing body of research focusing on male students of color has provided insights for educators to better understand the academic challenges that impact their success. However, minimal attention ...
Modeling framework to estimate spawning and hatching locations of pelagically spawned eggs

Identifying spawning and hatching locations is vital to controlling invasive fish and conserving imperiled fish, which can be difficult for pelagically spawning species with semi-buoyant eggs. In f...
Ecological theory provides insights about evolutionary computation

Promoting diversity in an evolving population is important for Evolutionary Computation (EC) because it reduces premature convergence on suboptimal fitness peaks while still encouraging both exploration and exploitation [3]. However, some types of diversity facilitate finding global optima better than other types. For example, a high mutation rate may maintain high population-level diversity, but all of those genotypes are clustered in a local region of a fitness landscape. Fitness sharing [3], on the other hand, promotes diversity via negative density dependence forcing solutions apart. Lexicase selection [5] goes one step further, dynamically selecting for diverse phenotypic traits, encouraging solutions to actively represent many portions of the landscape.
American Indian Law: Cases and Commentary, Second Edition (Table of Contents)

This is the table of contents, prefaces, and introductory chapter for American Indian Law: Cases and Commentary (2d ed. 2010). The preface for the second edition explains changes from the first edition, and the introductory chapter explains the subject and organization of the book, and provides data regarding tribal and indigenous governments, land, and demographics in the United States.
Neutron Scattering Facilities

The past history, present performance and future prospects for neutron scattering facilities will be discussed. Special features of neutron scattering techniques applicable to biological problems will be reviewed, emphasizing the relation between structure, dynamics and function. The use of isotope labeling and anomalous neutron scattering to identify the environments of specific atoms of structural elements will be highlighted.
Survival estimates for snowy plovers breeding at Great Salt Lake, Utah

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Strategies for Cueing with Self Speech among People Living with Parkinson's Disease

Strategies for cuing with self-speech (known as the RehabSelfCue-Speech program) is a systematically organized intervention. It addresses how clients living with Parkinson’s disease learn to use self-cuing to initiate movement-related actions (Maitra, 2007; Maitra and Dasgupta, 2005). The client reads action-words, which are semantically related to occupational performance of daily living tasks (e.g., get up from a chair, reach tools or food, or grasp a pen and a paper). The RehabSelfCue-Speech program is based on Pulvermuller et al.’s (2005) language-perception-action theory and empirical data on movement disorder related to Parkinson’s disease (Maitra, 2007; Maitra et al., 2006).
Predictors of Negative Reactions to Female Attorneys Expressing Anger in Court

We conducted secondary data analyses on two experiments examining reactions to attorney anger expressing in court. In two experiments, participants viewed a video of a closing statement. The closing statement was delivered by either a male or a female trial attorney in a calm or angry tone. Participants completed measures of perceptions of how effective the attorney was, and several individual difference factors that might predict greater bias against angry female attorneys (i.e ambivalent sexism scale, political conservatism, age). Across two experiments we found that individual difference measures that were theorized to be related to participants’ endorsement of traditional gender roles determined the level of bias against angry female attorneys. Angry (versus calm) female attorneys were penalized more and angry (versus calm) male attorneys were rewarded more as individual difference proxies for endorsing traditional gender roles increased (i.e., benevolent sexism, political conservatism, and age). Thus, the gender bias we demonstrated is likely to be due, in part, to the fact that angry women are being penalized for violating traditional gender roles by expressing anger, while angry men are being rewarded for conforming to traditional gender roles by expressing anger—despite the fact that the attorneys were all delivering the same exact arguments and similar displays of anger.
Bone Remodeling and the Role of TRAF3 in Osteoclastic Bone Resorption

Skeletal health is maintained by bone remodeling, a process in which microscopic sites of effete or damaged bone are degraded on bone surfaces by osteoclasts and subsequently replaced by new bone, which is laid down by osteoblasts. This normal process can be disturbed in a variety of pathologic processes, including localized or generalized inflammation, metabolic and endocrine disorders, primary and metastatic cancers, and during aging as a result of low-grade chronic inflammation. Osteoclast formation and activity are promoted by factors, including cytokines, hormones, growth factors, and free radicals, and require expression of macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) by accessory cells in the bone marrow, including osteoblastic and immune cells. Expression of TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is required in osteoclast precursors to mediate RANKL-induced activation of NF-κB, which is also necessary for osteoclast formation and activity. TRAF3, in contrast is not required for osteoclast formation, but it limits RANKL-induced osteoclast formation by promoting proteasomal degradation of NF-κB-inducing kinase in a complex with TRAF2 and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (cIAP). TRAF3 also limits osteoclast formation induced by TNF, which mediates inflammation and joint destruction in inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, anti-inflammatory drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, prevent TRAF3 degradation in osteoclast precursors and inhibit osteoclast formation in vitro. Chloroquine also inhibits bone destruction induced by ovariectomy and parathyroid hormone in mice in vivo. Mice genetically engineered to have TRAF3 deleted in osteoclast precursors and macrophages develop early onset osteoporosis, inflammation in multiple tissues, infections, and tumors, indicating that TRAF3 suppresses inflammation and tumors in myeloid cells. Mice with TRAF3 conditionally deleted in mesenchymal cells also develop early onset osteoporosis due to a combination of increased osteoclast formation and reduced osteoblast formation. TRAF3 protein levels decrease in bone and bone marrow during aging in mice and humans. Development of drugs to prevent TRAF3 degradation in immune and bone cells could be a novel therapeutic approach to prevent or reduce bone loss and the incidence of several common diseases associated with aging.
正确的法律文书写作过程––写给年轻律师 (The Writing Process for New Lawyers (Chinese Edition))

Chinese Abstract: 这篇中文译文阐释了年轻律师写作有效法律文书的过程。 English Abstract: This article, translated into Chinese, explains the process by which new lawyers can write effective legal documents.
Analog-Based Postprocessing Methods for Air Quality Forecasting

Two new postprocessing methods based on analogs are proposed to reduce the systematic and random errors of air quality prediction. The analog of a forecast for a given location and time is defined as a past prediction that matches selected features of the current forecast. The first method is the weighted average of the observations that verified when the best analogs were valid (AN). The second method consists in applying a postprocessing algorithm inspired by the Kalman filter (KF) to AN (KFAN). The AN and KFAN are tested for ground level ozone and PM2.5 0–48 h predictions from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, with observations from 1602 surface stations from the EPA AirNow network over the continental United States for a 1-year period. Preliminary results of the new methods include a large reduction of the systematic and random errors of the direct model output, with an increase of the correlation between observations and predictions at all forecast lead times.
Configurable Automatic Detection and Registration of Fiducial Frames for Device-to-Image Registration in MRI-guided Prostate Interventions

We propose a novel automatic fiducial frame detection and registration method for device-to-image registration in MRI-guided prostate interventions. The proposed method does not require any manual selection of markers, and can be applied to a variety of fiducial frames, which consist of multiple cylindrical MR-visible markers placed in different orientations. The key idea is that automatic extraction of linear features using a line filter is more robust than that of bright spots by thresholding; by applying a line set registration algorithm to the detected markers, the frame can be registered to the MRI. The method was capable of registering the fiducial frame to the MRI with an accuracy of 1.00 ±0.73 mm and 1.41 ±1.06 degrees in a phantom study, and was sufficiently robust to detect the fiducial frame in 98% of images acquired in clinical cases despite the existence of anatomical structures in the field of view.
Social amoebae establish a protective interface with their bacterial associates by lectin agglutination

Both animals and amoebae use phagocytosis and DNA-based extracellular traps as anti-bacterial defense mechanisms. Whether, like animals, amoebae also use tissue-level barriers to reduce direct contact with bacteria has remained unclear. We have explored this question in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, which forms plaques on lawns of bacteria that expand as amoebae divide and bacteria are consumed. We show that CadA, a cell adhesion protein that functions in D. discoideum development, is also a bacterial agglutinin that forms a protective interface at the plaque edge that limits exposure of vegetative amoebae to bacteria. This interface is important for amoebal survival when bacteria-to-amoebae ratios are high, optimizing amoebal feeding behavior, and protecting amoebae from oxidative stress. Lectins also control bacterial access to the gut epithelium of mammals to limit inflammatory processes; thus, this strategy of antibacterial defense is shared across a broad spectrum of eukaryotic taxa.
Amputees’ Attitudes Toward Participation in Amputee Support Groups and the Role of Virtual Technology in Supporting Amputees: Survey Study

Background: Acquiring information about and living with an amputation (or limb differential) is a lifelong endeavor. Although medical institutions address the immediate medical needs of amputees, information regarding how to live life as an amputee is provided from numerous sources, one of which is amputee support groups. Objective: This study aimed at understanding why amputees join support groups, leave support groups, and possibly return to support groups as well as how technology, specifically virtual reality, might play a role in supporting patients’ needs. The results are intended to provide data for support groups, to increase their impact on amputee participants. Methods: A 38-item online survey was developed based on the findings of a previous randomized trial. The survey was administered between April and September 2018 and divided into four sections: Demographics, Limb Loss History, Amputee Support Group Participation, and Technology Usage. Items used multiple-choice, drop-down menu, check-box formats with explanation boxes for open-ended responses. Descriptive analyses were performed for both qualitative (open-ended questions) and quantitative data. Results: Of the 59 amputees enrolled, 54 completed the survey. All the respondents were aged 20-39 years, and nearly half of the older respondents thought audio and video teleconferencing or avatar-based technology would increase participation in support groups. The results suggest that an early goal for amputees who join support groups is to focus on regaining mobility and functionality in order to return to their normal life. Once achieved, the goal transitions to one of social connection with other amputees, although there is a caveat: Simply being an amputee may not provide sufficient connections for developing long-term social relationships. The strongest reason for joining a support group was to learn about living with an amputation, followed by networking and learning new skills. Conclusions: The results suggest four key takeaways regarding amputee participation in support groups: (1) the needs of participants in amputee support groups change over time; (2) meeting content needs to be relevant to agendas primarily driven by participants; (3) support group participation is also driven by the desire to increase functionality by developing skills, become familiar with prosthetic technology, have more than amputation in common with other participants, and participate at the designated meeting time and location; and (4) the use of technology should support patients’ needs.
InAsSb-based photodetectors

Abstract InAs1–xSbx has the smallest bandgap of conventional III-V ternary alloys and thus has been of scientific interest for mid-wavelength (MWIR, 3–5 μm) and long-wavelength (8–12 μm) infrared (LWIR) devices since the 1950s with the most widespread use of InAs1–xSbx being for photodetectors. Current topics that have been enabled by substantial technological advances over the years include extending the wavelength of InAs1–xSbx; growth on large-area, low-cost substrates to improve manufacturability; high operating temperatures; clever device architectures, such as barrier structures, immersed lenses, and plasmonic enhancements, to improve detector performance; and radiation tolerance for space applications. This chapter includes InAs1–xSbx history, growth methods, its optical and electrical properties, detector and focal plane array performance, and, finally, applications of InAs1–xSbx-based detectors.
How to publish consumer research based on experiments in the top marketing journals

This chapter provides guidance about how to publish consumer research based on experiments in the top marketing journals. It stresses the importance of conveying a big picture idea, that is empirically supported, but that makes a fundamental theoretical advance. It describes three pathways to doing this, providing: (1) fundamental insights about humans that are demonstrated in a consumer context; (2) fundamental insights about consumers; or (3) fundamental insights about how marketers or policy makers may affect or be affected by consumers. The chapter first discusses the essential elements of any paper: a compelling storyline, fundamental contributions, multiple experiments, and transparent reporting. Next, it illustrates how to write the introduction, theory, methods and results sections. Examples demonstrate that the introduction and theory sections are used to build storylines based on the chosen pathway, but the same essential elements are included, and also the methods and results are fully reported and transparent.