cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Deposition of Metallic and Non-Metallic Thin Films Through the Use of Boron Clusters.

New borane clusters and their corresponding transition and rare earth metal complexes are currently being investigated in our laboratories for their utility as unique source materials for the formation of both metallic and non-metallic thin films. These borane cluster complexes exhibit highly favorable properties for use in OMVPE processes, such as; (1) relatively high volatility, (2) anticipated high stability of the ligand itself to provide clean ligand-metal dissociations, (3) high temperature stabilities of the complexes, (4) readily preparable in significant quantities, and (5) availability of theoretical and spectroscopic probes of structure-reactivity relationships. In this work, we have prepared both non-metallic thin films, including materials such as boron nitride, and metallic thin films (both the transition and rare earth metals) through the use of these unique cluster materials. Boron nitride has been investigated as a potential hard coating for use as an insulating electrical layer and protective coating. We have investigated plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition and pyrolytic deposition of boron nitride from readily available and easily handled borane clusters. Auger electron spectroscopy was used to show that the film was high purity boron nitride of uniform composition. The deposition of transition and rare earth metal thin-film materials of controlled stoichiometry has recently received considerable interest. We have discovered the borane cluster-assisted deposition (CAD) of metallic thin-films involving both transition and rare earth metal materials. Through the use of this unprecedented borane cluster chemical transport process, films ranging in thickness from 100 nm to several microns have been straightforwardly and systematically prepared for numerous metal and mixed-metal boroncontaining systems with controlled composition at relatively low temperatures. These new materials have been characterized by SEM and other techniques.
Self-assembled plasmonic nonoparticle clusters: New building blocks for metamaterials and their optical properties

Subwavelength metallic structures enable the broad manipulation of electromagnetic fields at the nanoscale due to their ability to support surface plasmons, which are oscillations of free electrons in metal that couple with the electromagnetic field. Traditionally, plasmonic nanostructures are fabricated on planar substrates by top-down processes such as electron beam lithography or focused ion beam milling. An alternative to nanofabrication is the self assembly of metallic colloids, which provides a versatile and low-cost route to the construction of complex two- and three-dimensional optical materials. We show that self-assembled clusters of spherical metal-dielectric colloids support a hierarchy of tunable plasmonic structures that exhibit strong electric, magnetic (1), and Fano-like resonances (2).
Coming to Terms with America’s Civil Rights Struggle: A Community Outreach Endeavor

Conversations about race relations in the United States was and still is a subject that is difficult for many to discuss. In an effort to address this complex and vital issue at local levels, the National Endowment for the Humanities partnered with the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History during the summer of 2013 to provide communities across the country the opportunity to discuss race in a more meaningful way. Out of this partnership the Created Equal project was born, offering successful grant writers the chance to screen four documentary films that illustrate how little or how much race relations have changed since the dawn of the civil rights movement. The project required that recipient’s partner within the local community, with colleges and universities, and with civic groups to promote the films and facilitate conversations on race and race relations. The Neal-Marshall Black Culture Center Library (NMBCCL) at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana, is one of the many applicants selected to receive the $1200 stipend and film collection. This article highlights the challenges and opportunities we encountered here at the Neal-Marshall Black Culture Center Library.
Amino acid composition of Iraqi dates.

Eighteen free and bound amino acids of three commercially packed varieties of Iraqi dates—Hallawi, Khadrawi, and Sayir—were quantitatively determined by means of an automatic amino acid analyser. The following essential amino acids had protein scores lower than 100%: phenylalanine plus tyrosine, isoleucine, lysine, and valine.
Irreducibility of dynamical equation realizations of sets of differential equations

The irreducibilities of dynamical equation realizations of sets of linear time-invariant differential equations D(p)y(t) = N(p)u(t) are studied. It is demonstrated that a realization of D(p)y(t) = N(p)u(t) can be irreducible only if the degree of the determinant of D(s) is equal to the degree of the rational matrix D^{-1}(s)N(s) .
Spectral analysis of arterial pressure lability in rats with sinoaortic deafferentation

Traditionally, the standard deviation (SD) of the mean arterial pressure (AP) has been used as an index for the AP lability produced by interruption of baroreceptor afferents. Although a useful measure of variance about the mean, the SD does not provide any information about the temporal characteristics of this variability. We employed two different spectral analytic techniques to characterize AP waveforms in rats with sinoaortic deafferentation (SAD) and in sham-operated (Sham) rats to determine if the AP waveform in SAD animals was qualitatively and/or quantitatively different from that of Sham animals. The SAD and Sham animals exhibited qualitatively different spectral profiles, suggesting that lability of AP in SAD animals is not simply an exaggeration of normal fluctuations. In addition, a low-frequency (0.3-0.5 Hz) spectral peak was found in Sham but not SAD animals, suggesting that it is associated with the baroreflex. Finally, we observed in both normal rats and rats without intact baroreceptors that the spectral components of AP are not static but rather vary continuously across time.
Extension and Application of Univariate Figures of Merit to Multivariate Calibration

Univariate “figures of merit” (i.e. sensitivity, selectivity, limit of detection, etc.) are common benchmarks employed in univariate calibration and instrument comparison. It is shown that the univariate figures of merit are easily transferable to multivariate calibration. Like their univariate brethren, the multivariate figures of merit and useful not only to compare and contrast calibration and instrumental performance, but to better understand and optimize multivariate calibration.
Five or More Servings of Fruit and Vegetables Each Day for Better Health

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the health benefits of fruit and vegetables intake in daily diet. The low consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure among others. Moreover, the concentrations of CVD biomarkers, including inflammation and oxidative stress have been shown to be lower with greater amounts of intake of fruit and vegetables. The bioactive compounds found in fruit and vegetables are classified as nitrogen-containing alkaloids, phenolics and polyphenolics, sulfur-containing compounds and terpenoids. Fruits and vegetables are major sources of antioxidants, including vitamin C, carotenoids and selenium. It mentions that intake of 5 or more servings of fruit and vegetables each day is recommended to reduce the risk of chronic diseases, stroke, cancer and obesity. It presents the results of a health survey on the proportion of intake of fruit and vegetables by adults in United States which showed an increase in the percentage of intake.
Cancer stem cell marker expression alone and in combination with microvascular invasion predicts poor prognosis in patients undergoing transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Abstract Background The cancer stem cell hypothesis provides an explanation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) heterogeneity. We investigated the expression of CD44 and CD133 alone and in combination with microvascular invasion (MVI) as predictors of prognosis in patients undergoing liver transplantation for HCC. Methods Explanted livers from 95 patients transplanted for HCC were analyzed. Marker expression was evaluated by immunofluorescence. Results Seventy-seven patients were male with a mean age of 56 years. The most common etiologies of cirrhosis were hepatitis C (50%) and alcoholic liver disease (41%). Forty-one patients had laboratory model for end-stage liver disease score greater than 15. Overall survival (OS) at 1-, 3-, and 5-years was 86%, 75%, and 64%, respectively. Recurrence rate was 13% with a median follow-up of 64 months. The 5-year OS was significantly lower in those patients with MVI and CD44 (36.9%) or CD133 (40%). CD44 + and CD133 + correlated with increased risk of poorly differentiated HCC, and elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels. In combination with MVI, both markers were independently associated with increased recurrence and worse OS (recurrence P P = .001, odds ratio=9.5, survival P = .001, HR=3.7; P = .004, HR=3.2 respectively). Conclusions CD44 or CD133 alone and in combination with MVI are independent predictors of poor prognosis in patients undergoing transplantation for HCC.
Endogenous Compensation in a Firm with Disclosure and Moral Hazard

I model a firm where shareholders choose the manager's compensation in light of the manager's dual roles of exerting effort and making disclosures regarding the firm's value. Because of limited contracting ability and the divergence of short-term interest between shareholder and manager, shareholders may be unable to obtain their first-best choices of effort and disclosure policy; where agency costs are too large, shareholders will be unwilling to award performance-based compensation, which induces both effort and fraudulent reporting. The principal findings are (1) fraud and effort are positively correlated, and given a poor outcome fraud is more likely to obtain when effort is exerted in equilibrium, (2) the incidence of fraud-inducing compensation increases as agency costs decrease, and (3) reductions in agency costs actually increase the incidence of fraud when agency costs are high.
Electrochemical Explorations of 9,10-Anthraquinone/Hafnium(IV) Ion Interactions in Nonaqueous Solvents

The effect of hafnium(IV) trifluoromethanesulfonate [Hf(TfO)4] on the electrochemical behavior of 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ) has been studied in adiponitrile (ADN). AQ undergoes two successive reversible one-electron redox processes in ADN. Addition of Hf(TfO)4 produces a positive reduction peak potential shift due to formation of the complexes Hf(AQ)4+, then Hf2(AQ)8+, as Hf(TfO)4 is added. The reduction of these complexes leads to the appearance of the same oxidation peak, which is assigned to oxidation of Hf(AQ)32-. The peak potential shift is greater than that observed for addition of Al(TfO)3, indicating that Hf4+ interacts more extensively with AQ than does Al3+.
Semi-supervised classification of patient safety event reports.

OBJECTIVES The Veterans Health Administration patient safety reporting system receives more than 100,000 reports annually. The information contained in these reports is primarily in the form of natural language text. Improving the ability to efficiently mine these patient safety reports for information is the objective of a proposed semi-supervised method. METHODS A semi-supervised classification method leverages information from both labeled and unlabeled reports to predict categories for the unlabeled reports. RESULTS Two different scenarios involving a semi-supervised learning process are examined, and both demonstrate good predictive results. CONCLUSIONS The semi-supervised method shows much promise in assisting researchers and analysts toward accurately and more quickly separating reports of varying and often overlapping topics. The method is able to use the "stories" provided in patient safety reports to extend existing patient safety taxonomies beyond their static design.
Activity of Tobacco Hornworm1 Moths as Determined by Electrocutor Grid Traps Baited with a Blacklight Lamp and Virgin Females2

Hourly sampling catches of Manduca sexta (L.) in electrocutor grid traps baited with a blacklight lamp, virgin females, or both attractants, indicated that these moths are active all night in the Gainesville, Florida, area. Traps baited with females captured only males; traps baited with blacklight and blacklight + females caught both sexes. Many more males than females were captured at all hours of the night. Peak catches of males occurred between 2 and 4 AM EDT in each of the 3 treatments. Most females were captured between sunset and midnight.
Prospective Pilot Trial to Evaluate a High Resolution Diffusion-Weighted MRI in Prostate Cancer Patients

Abstract Objectives High-resolution prostate imaging may allow for detection of subtle changes in tumor size, decrease the reliance on biopsies, and help define tumor boundaries during ablation. This pilot clinical trial evaluates a novel high-resolution prostate MRI for detection of small, biopsy-proven prostate tumors. Methods Our team developed a software that can be loaded on any modern MRI to generate high resolution diffusion-weighted imaging sequences (HR-DWI), which were compared to standard diffusion-weighted imaging sequence (S-DWI) in a prospective pilot trial in active surveillance patients. HR-DWI captures the entire volume of the prostate rather than sections, reducing streaking artifacts and geometric distortions. Multiple shots, rather than single shots, are used to differentiate signal and noise, enhancing resolution. All images were read by two radiologists. The primary outcome was the percent of biopsy-proven zones seen in 17 patients. The trial was powered to detect discordant proportions of 0.04 and 0.40 at one-sided alpha=0.05. Results The resolution was defined using standard phantoms. HR-DWI produced a 5-fold improvement in spatial resolution when compared to S-DWI. Multiparametric (MP)-MRI incorporating S-DWI was useful for predicting biopsy results (AUC 0.72, Fisher's exact p Conclusion We developed a novel DWI and evaluated its improved resolution in a clinical setting. This technology has many potential applications and should be evaluated in future clinical trials as a patient management tool.
Gender Matters:Studying Globalization and Social Change in the 21st Century

This introductory article is aimed at promoting transformative scholarship and research that emphasize the centrality of gen-der in studying social change associated with the process of globalization locally,nationally and regionally.Six major interrelated themes of this special issue are identified.These themes all emphasize globalization as a gendered phenomenon,studying how gender is embodied in the logic of globalization and embedded in its process and structure.The themes examine how globalization shapes gen-dered institutions;how it constructs gender differentially in women's and men's access to and control of resources,values,identities,choices,role behaviors,and gender power relations;and how it affects the societies and cultures in which women and men live.The themes also address the dialectics of globalization as results of conflicting interaction between global and local political economies and socio-cultural conditions,yielding mixed outcomes for women and men.Throughout,the emphasis is on the development of strategy for effective social change.
New Religious Consciousness and Personal Religious Experience

The purpose of this paper is to generalize about characteristics of contemporary religious movements based on ethnographies and survey research data gathered by the Berkeley New Religious Consciousness Project. It is suggested that participants in these religious and quasi-religious groups are attracted by intense experiences of immanence. This is "new" religious consciousness to the extent to which these experiences take place in a context of pluralism, pragmatism, openness to science and rejection of dualistic theology. Religious experiences are seen as particularly attractive in reaction to continuing secularization in which innerworldly asceticism has lost its sacred underpinnings. The reaction to this loss is distinguished by an "innerworldly mysticism" compatible with science and modern bureaucratic society. The significance of these new religious groups lies in their fostering intuitive styles of consciousness rather than in their membership or longevity.
Modeling the response of light-activated shape memory polymers

The aim of this paper is to model the macroscopic response of light-activated shape memory polymers (LASMPs) subject to mechanical loadings and exposure to light at certain wavelengths and frequenc...
Long non-coding RNAs: spatial amplifiers that control nuclear structure and gene expression

Over the past decade, it has become clear that mammalian genomes encode thousands of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), many of which are now implicated in diverse biological processes. Recent work studying the molecular mechanisms of several key examples — including Xist, which orchestrates X chromosome inactivation — has provided new insights into how lncRNAs can control cellular functions by acting in the nucleus. Here we discuss emerging mechanistic insights into how lncRNAs can regulate gene expression by coordinating regulatory proteins, localizing to target loci and shaping three-dimensional (3D) nuclear organization. We explore these principles to highlight biological challenges in gene regulation, in which lncRNAs are well-suited to perform roles that cannot be carried out by DNA elements or protein regulators alone, such as acting as spatial amplifiers of regulatory signals in the nucleus.
Laparoscopic versus open 1-stage resection of synchronous liver metastases and primary colorectal cancer.

Background: The aim of this study is to compare the perioperative and oncologic outcomes of open and laparoscopic approaches for concomitant resection of synchronous colorectal cancer and liver metastases. Methods: Between 2006 and 2015, all patients undergoing combined resection of primary colorectal cancer and liver metastases were included in the study (n=43). Laparoscopic and open groups were compared regarding clinical, perioperative and oncologic outcomes. Results: There were 29 patients in the open group and 14 patients in the laparoscopic group. The groups were similar regarding demographics, comorbidities, histopathological characteristics of the primary tumor and liver metastases. Postoperative complication rate (44.8% vs . 7.1%, P=0.016) was higher, and hospital stay (10 vs . 6.4 days, P=0.001) longer in the open compared to the laparoscopic group. Overall survival (OS) was comparable between the groups (P=0.10); whereas, disease-free survival (DFS) was longer in laparoscopic group (P=0.02). Conclusions: According to the results, in patients, whose primary colorectal cancer and metastatic liver disease was amenable to a minimally invasive resection, a concomitant laparoscopic approach resulted in less morbidity without compromising oncologic outcomes. This suggests that a laparoscopic approach may be considered in appropriate patients by surgeons with experience in both advanced laparoscopic liver and colorectal techniques.
The distributional effects of progressive capital taxes

Rising inequality since the 1980s has spurred much research examining the underlying causes and potential policy responses. Among the more controversial, One of the more controversial policy proposals is a progressive capital tax in response to rising top wealth shares around the world proposes a progressive capital tax in response to rising top wealth shares around the world. This paper introduces rank-based econometric methods for dynamic power laws as a tool for estimating the effect of progressive capital taxes on the distribution of wealth under different assumptions about the impact of these taxes on household behavior. In most scenarios, we find that a small tax levied on 1% of households would substantially reshape the US wealth distribution and reduce inequality.
A Few Predictions for Justice Gorsuch’s Bankruptcy Jurisprudence

Purpose: One of the most appalling challenges in India is persistently rising unemployment, explicitly in the rural region. More than 20% of Indian youth between the ages of 15 and 24 years are “seeking or available for work,” as per 2011 census data. There will be no peace and prosperity in the country unless jobless people get appropriate channel. In India deficiency of skills is among the main constraints for recruitment of Technical Education. Productivity of Technical Education in not entirely absorbed due to lack of skills required by the employers. Along with the ample arguments, taking place in recent times, regarding reformation in the productivity of Technical Education, this present study syndicates focus on services delivered and its impact on employability skills. The objective of this paper is to find out whether Technical Education institutes in rural part are keen to focus on the employability skills? The paper also focuses on distinguished skills required by the employer for recruitment. The study also emphases on the services offered by the Institutes and their correlation on skills development. Design methodology: A quantitative research survey through a structured questionnaire for the students who are studying or have recently completed their Technical Education affiliated to the North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon was conducted which is situated in rural part of India. Findings: The study discusses umpteen employability skills and explains how embedding services of technical education are correlated to the growth and development of employability skills. The study finds that these services results in comprehensive and cohesiveness of employability skills. Research limitations: The survey is delimited to the Technical Education belonging to North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon and located in rural of India. Practical implications: The institute of TE can be benefited by Integrated Service Model and its impact on the development of the employability skills. The institutes thus can concentrate most effective services. The employer can know what employment skills are embedded through the service delivered by the institutes. KEY FINDINGS: Services which are related to staff and faculty have an impact on developing Employment Skills of students. On the other hand, services or facilities provided by the management/service providers like; Infrastructure and Technology, Students Amenities and Recreation, Safety and Secured campus, Sports and Cultural facilities and Campus Life and Discipline are also very important for development of Employability Skills.These facilities create vibrant campus and a platform for the engagement of students activities. Alumni and Community/People also have relation with the development of Employability Skills through Alumni Interaction and Campus Life respectively provided by the institutes though indirectly.
AirChat: Ad hoc network monitoring with drones

FireChat is a mobile messaging application that uses a mesh network topology to communicate between users through a cellular, WiFi, or Bluetooth Low Energy connection. FireChat has seen global growth for use in crowded events such as protests. The team has worked in conjunction with the MITRE Corporation to develop a system that attaches to a quadrotor and monitors nearby connections to gather metadata on the FireChat. This information is analyzed to provide insight into the structure of large groups or specific devices using FireChat. The WiFi Pineapple Nano, Ubertooth One, and HackRF One were tested for monitoring FireChat. From these three, the Pineapple was selected to monitor WiFi and the Ubertooth was chosen to monitor Bluetooth. The devices were evaluated based upon their ability to provide useful data, meet size, weight, and power requirements, and function across all platforms on which FireChat can be installed. While the Ubertooth provided some relevant data about the use of FireChat, it was inconsistent so Bluetooth development was discontinued. The Pineapple, however, successfully collects the MAC address and connected routers of the FireChat devices. A Raspberry Pi runs scripts to control the Pineapple to scan WiFi networks and collect FireChat data. Further, the time and location will be saved based on timing of received data and location of the quadrotor. This data is sent to a server using the Particle Electron, a 3G cellular communication board, where further analytics are performed. The analysis provided to the sponsor is able to identify the location of certain FireChat users, their progression over time, and common communication networks in which they participate.
Space and pluralism: Can contemporary cities be places of tolerance?, edited by Stefano Moroni and David Weberman: New York, NY, Central European University Press, 2016

Spaces and Pluralism is a tough read that speaks to issues that have plagued humanity for centuries but have intensified in recent years. It asks, “Can contemporary cities be places of tolerance?” ...
A rare case of influenza A in a hospitalized adult presenting with encephalitis and a seizure.

Abstract Influenza A in hospitalized adults uncommonly may present with neurologic manifestations, e.g., encephalitis. Encephalitis is the most common influenza related neurologic complication in adults, However, seizures in hospitalized adults due to influenza are extremely rare. This is a case of a 58 year old female hospitalized for influenza A. On admission, she was confused and obtunded. Her EEG showed diffuse global slowing indicative of encephalitis. On hospital day (HD) #2, she had a seizure. She had no history of a seizure disorder, and was not febrile at the time of the seizure. While seizures are not uncommon in children (febrile seizures) with influenza B, but in adults with influenza A, only a few cases of seizures have been reported. This case was most interesting in having both encephalitis and seizure complicating influenza A. If present, neuropsychiatric manifestations may be due to ostelamivir, but encephalitis and seizures are not among the neurologic adverse effects of ostelamivir. In adults hospitalized with influenza A, clinicians should be alert to the possibility of neurologic complications.
Epidemiology and Outcomes of Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis in Pediatric and Working-Age Adult Populations In the United States: Analysis of a Large National Claims Database.

OBJECTIVE The incidence and prevalence of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) in the US is not well characterized. Owing to its rarity, outcomes data in pediatric-onset GPA are also lacking. The aims of this study were to describe the epidemiology of GPA and outcomes in GPA patients in the US, and to compare outcomes between pediatric and working-age adult patients. METHODS A retrospective cohort study using the 2006-2014 Truven Health Analytics MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database was conducted. The incidence and prevalence rates of pediatric and adult GPA (age <65 years) were calculated. Outcomes among the 2 age groups were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 5,562 cases of GPA were identified, of which 214 (3.8%) were pediatric onset and 5,348 (96.2%) were adult onset. The incidence rate of pediatric-onset GPA was 1.8 cases per 1 million person-years, compared to 12.8 cases per 1 million person-years in working-age adults. There was a slight female preponderance in both groups (63% and 53% among pediatric and adult GPA patients, respectively). Rates of hospitalization and severe infections were high in both children and working-age adults, but children had more frequent hospitalizations (rate ratio [RR] 1.3 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.1-1.4]) and 2-3-times higher rates of leukopenia (RR 2.6 [95% CI 1.5-4.3]), neutropenia (RR 2.2 [95% CI 1.2-4.0]), and hypogammaglobulinemia (RR 3.7 [95% CI 2.0-6.4]). Time-to-event analyses showed no differences in the time to hospitalization, severe infection, major relapse, or end-stage renal disease. CONCLUSION This study represents the largest cohort of GPA reported to date. Pediatric GPA patients experienced more frequent hospitalizations and were more vulnerable to hematologic complications than non-elderly adult patients.
Design and fabrication of a compound-eye system using precision molded chalcogenide glass freeform microlens arrays

Abstract In this research, an infrared compound eye system with 80° field of view was developed. This system features a design where a micro aperture array is sandwiched between two freeform microlens arrays. Each microlens array consists of three circles of microlenses. The microlens arrays were designed using Code V software and fabricated using a combination of ultraprecision diamond milling for mold fabrication and infrared glass molding process for microlens arrays. Double-sided anti-reflection coating was applied to both microlens arrays to reduce Fresnel reflection caused by high refractive index of the infrared glass. The micro aperture array imbedded in the camera model was 3D-printed polymer structure with a precision features for assembling the microlens arrays. In addition, the micro aperture array was also used to prevent crosstalks among neighboring channels. Test results showed this compound eye system can form high quality images within the designed field of view.
Communicating risk of medication side-effects: role of communication format on risk perception

Background: Medication side-effects often arouse fear in the minds of consumers and therefore need to be communicated in a manner such that the intended message is clearly understood, without causing undue fear. Objectives: Considering the message format and contextual factors that influence perceptions of risk, this study aimed at assessing the interaction effects of message format and contextual factors (rate of occurrence and severity) on risk perception of medication side-effects. Methods: Using Rhormann’s risk communication process model, a 2 (message format: words-only vs. words + numeric) X 2 (rate of occurrence: high vs low) X 2 (severity: mild vs severe) experimental factorial study was designed. Participants were presented with four of eight possible combinations of the three factors and were asked to indicate the risk perception with the associated side-effects. Repeated measures analysis was conducted while adjusting for control variables. Results: A total of 196 completed surveys were collected. Communication format did not have significant main effect on risk perception (P=0.4237) but demonstrated a significant interaction with rate of occurrence (P=0.0001). As compared to words-only format, least square means for words + numeric format were lower among low-rate side-effects but were higher among high-rate side-effects. Rate of occurrence (P<0.0001) and severity (P<0.0001) had significant main effects on risk perception as well as interaction effect with each other (P<0.0001). Conclusions: The results indicated that effect of communication format on risk perception of side-effect is dependent on the underlying rate of occurrence of side-effect. Healthcare providers should therefore carefully construct risk communication messages for effective communication with patients.
EFFECT OF TANNINS EXCRETED FROM PHAEOPHYTA ON PLANKTONIC ANIMAL SURVIVAL IN TIDE POOLS

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a study analyzing effect of tannins excreted from phaeophyta on planktonic animal survival in tide pools. Batanus balanoides and Mytilus edulis were suppressed in Ralfsia verrucosa dominated tidepools but not in Hildebrandia prototypus pools of similar tide levels. Water removed from these two pool types at hourly intervals after flushing was tested for toxicity with plankton organisms. Only water from Ralfsia pools was toxic and affected organisms such as Acartia tonsa, trochophores, veligers, and nereid worms. The water in Ralfsia pools became yellow-brown between tidal flushings. Macerated tissues of Fucus vesiculosis or Ralfsia verrucosa were clarified by ethanolic precipitation and centrifugation to yield a yellow supernatant. Vacuum drying yielded an acetone insoluble, amber-colored tannin, and a larger carotenoid fraction in solution. In contrast, similar extractions of algal exudates in seawater indicated that the dominant fraction was the tannin. The tannin and carotenoid fractions were also separated on ion-exchange resins and identified with known compounds by their UV adsorption spectra. The tannin precipitated gelatin gave a brown-black color with FeCl3, was astringent to taste, and was toxic to plankton organisms even at colorless dilutions.
OR32: GETTING OUT OF THE PANIC MODE: MATERNAL BLOOD CONTAMINATION IN A CORD BLOOD UNIT FOR DOUBLE CORD HEMATOPOIETIC CELL TRANSPLANTATION

Aim A patient with severe aplastic anemia was scheduled for double cord blood transplant. However the confirmatory typing results revealed the detection of extra class II alleles for one of the cord blood unit (CBU). The aim of our study was to determine if a typing error had occurred or if there was maternal blood contamination. If there was maternal contamination, would there be a risk of GVHD? Should the transplant physicians cancel the scheduled transplant and identify a different CBU?. Method Reverse SSO at HLA-A, B, C, DRB1 and DQB1 loci, SSP and sequencing based typing (SBT) at HLA-DRB1 locus were performed. Chimerism testing was also performed using multiplexed short tandem repeat (STR) to determine the percentage of maternal blood contamination. Results Confirmatory typing at DRB1 by SBT for one of the CBUs was found to be discrepant with NMDP consensus results: DRB1∗04:03, 04:07; our results: DRB1∗01:01, 04:03, 04:07, with HLA-A and B results by SSO being concordant with NMDP. Further allele specific DRB1∗04 SSP testing confirmed the presence of DRB1∗04:03, 04:07. Class II SSO typing indicated the presence of DRB1∗01and DQB1∗05, consistent with DRB1∗01:01 by SBT. Due to the identification of an extra antigen for one of the CBUs, the hematopoietic cell transplant physician canceled the pretransplant work-up and requested further investigation. The back-up segment of this problematic cord, maternal sample and HLA typing were requested through NMDP coordinators. Maternal HLA typing was found to be DRB1∗ 01:01, 04:07. No extra antigens were detected for this CBU at HLA-A and B loci by SSO method, possibly due to the decreased sensitivity of this method. STR test was performed on maternal blood and CBU. The STR results indicated approximately 5% maternal blood contamination in the CBU. The NMDP physician was consulted and indicated that maternal contamination adds no additional GVHD risk because the maternal cells should be all dead. The transplant was performed. The patient is currently doing well with 90 day posttransplant follow up indicating 99.5% engraftment. Conclusion NMDP sources estimate approximately 1% of cord units have maternal blood contamination, and expect a 1–5% chimerism result by STR analysis. The contamination from maternal blood does not appear to increase the risk for GVHD.
Electronic and Optical Properties of Lower-Dimensional Semiconductor Systems

The tremendous advances in electronics technology have been made possible through the study and characterization of the optical and electronic properties of novel semiconductor materials, such as quantum wells, heterojunctions and superlattices. In this paper, we review some of the basic properties of these systems.
World Model Representation

This chapter presents and discusses the aspects involved in the selection and development of the proposed geometrical and topological world model representation. The indexing structures and query mechanisms necessary for recognition (used during the visual assertion queries and visual global self-localization) are described in detailed presentation of the transformations from standard CAD models (inform of interchange files) to the proposed sensor-independent graph and geometric representation is provided. This is conveniently illustrated with examples of the experimental scenarios. The evaluation of the developed representation and querying is provided.
Does Strategic Planning Matter

In this Invited Commentary, the author examines the history, use, and effectiveness of strategic planning in higher education, academic medicine, and nonprofit settings. Strategic planning is a process by which an organization differentiates itself from its direct or emergent competition to achieve its mission. This form of planning is distinct from operational planning, in which an organization identifies the ways in which it will continuously improve. Many organizations employ a combination of strategic planning and operational planning but use the former term to describe their planning process without a clear definition or conceptual framework.The empirical literature across disciplines has not demonstrated that strategic planning leads to positive organizational outcomes. Over the modern history of academic medicine in the United States, strategic planning may have had limited impact on organizational outcomes because of favorable environmental circumstances that catalyzed growth and innovation regardless of planning efforts. In the current environment, organizational and departmental leaders need to define trade-offs between the various opportunities that they confront; allow for both planned and emergent strategy formulation; avoid platitudes and fluff; and focus on operational excellence.Theories from anthropology suggest that strategic plans may be more important for what they express than what they produce. Repetition of the themes and language of strategy in formal and informal discourse can have a decisive effect on the culture of the organization. Strategic planning, therefore, matters for its effect on organizational values, rituals, and ability to move the organization in new directions.
Novel Computerized Analytic Technique for Quantification of Amniotic Fluid Volume in Fetal MRI

OBJECTIVE. Fetal MRI is increasingly used in the evaluation of suspected congenital anomalies. Assessment of amniotic fluid volume (AFV) is crucial, but no automated quantitative technique is currently available for MRI. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate an analytic technique for quantifying AFV in fetal MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two MRI phantoms containing known quantities of synthetic amniotic fluid were created. A 3D steady-state free precession sequence was used for 1.5-T MRI of the phantoms and as part of a standard clinical fetal MRI protocol. Software was developed and used to retrospectively calculate AFV for the phantom and 20 clinical MRI examinations. Times to completion were recorded. AFV was also calculated by a manual hand-tracing method. To evaluate performance, paired t tests were used to compare computer-generated measurements with known phantom volumes. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to assess agreement between computer-generated and manual measurements. RESULTS. There was no significant difference between computer-generated measurements of known AFV in the MRI phantoms (p > 0.11). When the software program was applied to the clinical MRI examinations, the mean time to complete AFV measurement was 110 seconds. There was excellent reliability between total AFV calculated by the two software users and by means of manual measurements (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.995; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION. The computerized analysis evaluated in this study rapidly and accurately quantifies AFV in fetal MRI. The results are concordant with known phantom volumes and manual measurements. The technique is promising for objective MRI evaluation of AFV and has the potential to improve prenatal diagnosis and management.
Effect of suspension training on lower limb function in children with cerebral palsy

Objective To study the effect of suspension training on lower limb function in children with cerebral palsy. Methods From May 2015 to May 2016, a total of 68 children with cerebral palsy in our hospital were taken as the clinical research objects, and divided into control group (34 cases) and experimental group (34 cases) according to their rehabilitation treatment. Both groups were given traditional rehabilitation therapy, besides the experimental group was given suspension training. The gastrocnemius muscle tension, GMFM score, genu recurvatum angle, foot dorsiflexion angle, and Fufl-Meyer score in the two groups before and after treatment were compared. Results The gastrocnemius muscle tension, genu recurvatum angle, and foot dorsiflexion angle in the experimental group after treatment were respectively (1.28±0.21), (4.46±3.02)°, and (68.72±1.46)°, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(1.85±0.33), (5.98±3.21)°, (87.45±1.63)°] (P<0.05); GMFM score and Fufl-Meyer score in the experimental group after treatment were respectively (78.35±3.68) and (86.34±6.77), which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(63.47±3.34), (77.35±6.13)] (P<0.05). Conclusion Suspension training combined with traditional rehabilitation therapy has positive meaning in the treatment of children with cerebral palsy, can not only effectively reduce the gastrocnemius muscle tension and improve the symptoms of genu recurvatum, but also significantly relieve the movement disorder. Key words: Suspension training; Children with cerebral palsy; Lower limb function; Effect
Longitudinal study of sub-regional cerebral viscoelastic properties of 5XFAD Alzheimer's disease mice using multifrequency MR elastography.

Purpose To study sub-regional, longitudinal changes occurring inside brains of 5XFAD mice, an Alzheimer's disease (AD) model, based on viscoelastic parameters derived using MR elastography and their spatial variation. Methods Female 5XFAD and non-transgenic B6SJLF1/J mice as controls (n = 9 for both groups) were used for the study. Scans were performed inside a 9.4T preclinical MRI scanner using SampLe Interval Modulation-magnetic resonance elastography (SLIM-MRE). Experiments were performed at ages 2, 4, and 6 mo, and by using three actuation frequencies: 900, 1000, and 1100 Hz. Multifrequency dual elasto-visco (MDEV) reconstruction was used to combine 3D multifrequency MRE data and calculate magnitude G ∗ , and phase angle φ, of the complex shear modulus G ∗ . Mean values were measured for the overall brain and sub-regions associated with the early onset of AD, to check for the effect of aging and mouse model. Spatial coefficient of variation (CV) of both parameters across different age-groups were analyzed. Results G ∗ and φ values reduced with age for overall brain in 5XFAD mice with significant difference in mean G ∗ between 5XFAD and control mice at 6 mo (P = .029). Analyzing values from the hippocampal region highlighted drop in mean G ∗ and φ values. The CV of G ∗ inside hippocampus enabled differentiation at 4 mo with it being significantly lower in 5XFAD mice (P = .0007). Conclusion Multifrequency 3D MRE revealed longitudinal viscoelastic changes in 5XFAD mice and the CV of G ∗ in brain sub-regions may qualify as biomarker for early diagnosis of AD.
A novel behavioral health program for family caregivers of children admitted to a transitional chronic ventilator unit.

BACKGROUND The care of mechanically ventilated pediatric patients is complex and burdensome. It is essential to adequately support the family caregivers of these children to optimize outcomes; however, there is no literature describing interventions for caregivers in this population. RESEARCH QUESTION This study described a novel behavioral health program and examined its impact on family caregiver engagement and psychological distress on a pediatric inpatient chronic ventilator unit. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Electronic chart review was completed with retrospective and prospective participant enrollment for the purposes of longitudinal evaluation of caregiver engagement. For analytic purposes, participants were grouped into three categories: (1) preprogram, (2) postprogram, and (3) postprogram with completion of psychotherapy. RESULTS The behavioral health program was associated with increased caregiver participation in rounds, t = 7.76, p = < .001. Parents who completed a course of psychotherapy within the behavioral health program demonstrated reduced time to training completion (F = 5.89; p < .01), higher staff-rated caregiver engagement (F = 3.69; p < .05), and significantly reduced levels of caregiver distress (t = 2.09; p < .05).
Sesame Workshop’s international response to COVID-19

When COVID-19 emerged, placing new, often overwhelming demands on children, adults, and communities, families everywhere asked: How can I help my child adjust to such dramatic changes? Sesame Work...
Learning about culture(s) via intercultural digital exchange: opportunities, challenges, and grey areas

Twenty-six participants aged 12–18 living in four countries were interviewed about their experiences participating in a digital exchange programme and learning about cultures. Abductive analysis of...
Outcomes of adult T-Cell leukemia/lymphoma with allogeneic stem cell transplantation: single-institution experience.

Few publications exist concerning allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (alloHCT) outcomes in non-Japanese patients with HTLV-1-associated ATLL. We detail the patient and disease characteristics...
Small-scale distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban areas using geospatial modeling: A case study using the moss Orthotrichum lyellii in Portland, Oregon, U.S.A.

Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread pollutants that are costly to measure with air quality instruments. We used a spatially balanced sample of an epiphytic moss, Orthotrichum lyellii, to develop fine-scale maps of atmospheric PAHs across residential areas of Portland, Oregon. The unusual abundance of this stress-tolerant species enabled us to systematically collect a large sample (n = 350) on a 1 × 1km grid across the city. This provided the unique opportunity to investigate potential effects of more than 20 factors on PAH concentrations in moss, including emissions sources, tree canopy cover, relative elevation, short-term weather, and nuance of sample collection. We measured 20 PAHs in moss samples and assigned them to 4 groups for analysis based on molecular weight (MW): the Naphthalene, Low, Medium, and High MW groups. Spatial regression models explained a modest amount of variation in PAH concentrations in moss, with spatial structure increasing as MW increased. Motor vehicle emissions were the only PAH source we detected and was highly significant in all models. Deciduous tree cover correlated with lower PAH concentrations in moss for all except the high MW group. Short-term weather and nuance of sample collection, like height on the sampled tree, tree taxonomic family, and whether sample was primarily collected from a branch or bole, had surprisingly large effects on all groups. Overall, results aligned with expectations based on each group's dispersal potential due to MW. All PAH groups were highest over downtown Portland, along major highways, and lowest in parks and outer neighborhoods, although the details varied. Our results supported two common themes in studies directly measuring PAHs: the importance of roads as an emissions source in residential areas, and the potential for trees to reduce atmospheric concentrations. Moreover, the large effects of weather and sampling nuance have critical implications for the design of future studies.