cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stabilizing neoliberalism in Bolivia: popular participation and privatization

Abstract Neoliberal theorists and development practitioners contend that economic liberalization and privatization lead to increased private sector productivity and decentralization accompanied by administrative reforms lead to greater democracy, more efficient public sector investment, and faster local development. Examination of the Bolivian case, which has been promoted as a global model for neoliberal restructuring, presents a different picture. There, economic restructuring and privatization have led to a decline in government revenues and a continuing economic crisis. Privatization of public services has led to rate hikes, which, in turn, have generated massive social protests. Political restructuring through decentralization has as often resulted in the entrenchment of local elites as in increases in truly democratic control of resources and social investments. This economic and political restructuring has also served to territorialize opposition to privatization and neoliberal economic policies and, in some areas, reinforce regional social movements. When examined together, it becomes clear how economic and administrative restructuring has sought to provide transnational firms both access to Bolivian natural resources as well as the social stability necessary in which to operate. As privatization through the Law of Capitalization further opened the country’s borders to global capital, the decentralization program through the Law of Popular Participation served to focus the attention of popular movements from national to local arenas. While foreign investment has increased, the lack of benefits for the majority of the country has led to mounting regional social protests in the face of reduced government spending on social programs and increased prices for basic services.
Optimal sizing of solar collectors by the method of relative areas

Abstract A method is presented for calculating directly, without iteration, the approximate collector area which minimizes the total life-cycle cost of an active solar space and/or domestic hot water heating system. The method is based on an empirical relationship between annual solar load fraction and relative collector area. This relationship was determined by correlating data that were generated by the Klein, Beckman and Duffie F-Chart program, which in turn is based on a correlation of digital computer simulation results. The calculations may be performed in a few minutes using a hand-held calculator. Required data are tabulated for 170 locations, and a solved example is included. Compared to results from the F-chart program, deviations of total life-cycle costs from the minima are typically less than 3 per cent. Uncertainty of future energy prices is regarded as the limiting factor in the accuracy of the optimization calculations. A detailed economic analysis is included.
Explaining the hydroclimatic variability and change in the Salmon River basin

Climate change in the Pacific Northwest and in particular, the Salmon River Basin (SRB), is expected to bring about 3–5 °C rise in temperatures and an 8 % increase in precipitation. In order to assess the impacts due to these changes at the basin scale, this study employed an improved version of Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model, which includes a parallel version of VIC combined with a comprehensive parameter estimation technique, Shuffled Complex Evolution (SCE) to estimate the streamflow and other water balance components. Our calibration (1955–1975) and validation (1976–1999) of the model at the outlet of the basin, White Bird, resulted in an r2 value of 0.94 which was considered satisfactory. Subsequent center of timing analysis showed that a gradual advancement of snowmelt induced-peak flow advancing by about 10 days in the future. Historically, the flows have shown a general decline in the basin, and in the future while the magnitudes might not be greatly affected, decreasing runoff of about 3 % over the next 90 years could be expected and timing of peak flow would shift by approximately 10 days. Also, a significant reduction of snow water equivalent up to 25 %, increased evapotranspiration up to 14 %, and decreased soil moisture storages of about 2 % is predicted by the model. A steady decline in SWE/P from the majority of climate model projections for the basin was also evident. Thus, the earlier snowmelt, decreasing soil moisture and increased evapotranspiration collectively implied the potential to trigger drought in the basin and could affect the quality of aquatic habitats and their spawning and a detailed investigation on these impacts is warranted.
Management of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) in strawberry fields with Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and acaricides

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) for the control of Tetranychus urticae Koch in commercial strawberry fields, under greenhouse conditions, in association or not with the use of acaricides. The N. californicus strain used in this study was tolerant or resistant to several pesticides. Three experiments were carried out in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. For the first experiment, the initial infestation of T. urticae was 87.1 active stages per leaflet. Two applications of propargite were made on the first and the 14th day of the experiment. Approximately 2 h after each propargite application, N. californicus was released at a rate of 3.0 and 1.9 adult mites per plant, respectively, for each application. The population of T. urticae decreased from 87.1 to 2.8 mites per leaflet in the first three weeks. After this period, the population of T. urticae was maintained at low levels (≤1.5 mites/leaflet) until the end of the experiment (10th week). Propargite and dimethoate sprayed on the strawberry field did not affect significantly the population of this predaceous mite. For the second experiment, the infestation of T. urticae was 29.1 mites per leaflet, when the acaricide chorfenapyr was applied on the strawberry field. The release of N. californicus (2 mites per plant) was made 2 weeks after spraying the acaricide. The population of T. urticae was maintained at low levels (≤2.8 mites/leaflet) for 8 weeks (evaluation period). The T. urticae infestations in plots with N. californicus were significantly lower than in non-release plots, for the experiments 1 and 2. In the third experiment, the initial infestation of T. urticae was 40.5 mites per leaflet (55.5 active stages/leaflet on release plants; 25.5 active stages/leaflet on non-release plants). Three releases of N. californicus (average rate of 3.0 adult mites/plant), without any acaricide application, were not sufficient to reduce significantly the T. urticae population in release plots (release plants + non-release plants) in 6 weeks from the first release, however, the spider mite population decreased from 55.5 to 7.8 active stages per leaflet on release plants, during this period. Interplant dispersal of N. californicus was low in this strawberry field with high infestation of T. urticae. The studies indicate the viability of the use of this strain of N. californicus for the control of T. urticae in strawberry fields under greenhouse conditions, especially in association with selective acaricides.
The effect of coordinating ligands on the triplet state of chlorophyll

Under laser excitation at 457.9 and 514.5 nm, a frozen solution of chlorophyll a in n-octane displays fluorescence peak maxima at 2K that may be assigned to two distinct monomeric chlorophyll species. Using zero-field fluorescence-detected magnetic resonance the triplet state properties of the two chlorophyll species have been assigned to the monoligated and biligated chlorophyll monomer in which water serves as the ligand coordinated to the magnesium metal center. These triplet state properties for chlorophyll in solution are then utilized in interpreting triplet state results for in vivo chlorophylls associated with the light harvesting chlorophyll protein complex. It is shown that the triplet state data are consistent with attachment of the chlorophyll molecule to the protein site with a single ligand coordinated to the chlorophyll metal center.
Sugar hydrolases of the infant rat intestine and their arrangement on the brush border membrane

Abstract Lactase and maltase, the predominant sugar hydrolases associated with the intestinal brush border membrane of the suckling rat, were purified essentially free of the other to near homogeneity (lactase at specific activity 23, maltase at specific activity 58), and their specific physicochemical properties determined. Antisera prepared to each showed by immunodiffusion a single common precipitin line with pure enzyme and solubilized proteins of the brush border membrane. Brush border membranes were purified 26–35-fold from infant rat intestine. Membranes prepared from 10-day-old rats contained 32% protein, 43% lipid and 25% carbohydrate with lactase and maltase estimated to comprise in excess of 10% and 2%, respectively, of the membrane protein. Immunotitration curves of lactase and maltase showed equivalent antibody binding by the membrane-bound and free enzyme forms. Furthermore, antibody binding to one enzyme did not affect the immunotitration curve or the extractability (by papain or Triton X-100) of the other membrane-bound enzyme. It was concluded that the lactase and maltase molecules are attached singly on the external membrane surface in a spatially independent manner with their antigenic sites as freely available to antibody binding as exhibited by their papain-solubilized counterparts.
Bromley appointed Science Advisor

President Bush has appointed D. Allan Bromley, a Yale nuclear physicist, as the White House science advisor. The position is now called Assistant to the President for Science and Technology, a possible indication of the larger role Bush has said the science advisor will have in domestic and foreign policy decisions. Bromley is director of the Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory at Yale and has been on numerous government science panels, including the Physics Survey Committee and the Naval Studies Board of the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. National Committee of the International Council of Scientific Unions.
The European Union as a Peace Actor

The purpose of this essay is first, to examine European Union’s conceptualization of peace and security; and second, to discuss how the European Union (EU) seeks to contribute to international peace and security. It begins with a discussion of the EU’s understanding of peace and security and then proceeds with the EU’s identification of threats to international peace and security. The paper then focuses on the EU’s security strategy to identify how the EU seeks to address challenges to international order and stability. Finally, the paper employs the concepts of ‘civilian’, ‘military’ and ‘normative power Europe’ to demonstrate how the EU attempts to create international security and stability both at the regional and international levels. It argues that the EU employs both ‘civilian’ and ‘military’ means in the application of its ‘normative’ power.
Hyperhomocysteinemia and the risk of thromboembolic phenomenon in patients with chronic renal failure.

Thromboembolic phenomena are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease. Studies in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) have demonstrated an increased relative risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in association with hyperhomocysteinemia (HHe). However, very little data exist about the causal relationship between HHe and cerebrovascular diseases (CVA) in patients with CRF. We report the results of our observational retrospective study to determine the effect of HHe on CVA and CAD in patients with CRF (defined as creatinine clearance 15 micromol/l was considered as HHe. Thirty-four patients were on dialysis. Eight patients were postrenal transplantation. Our study results showed that a homocysteine (HC) level greater than 15 micromol/l was an independent predictor of CVA, after adjusting for potential confounders. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) for CVA was 10.9 (CI: 1.8-67.2, p=.01). Although our study results suggest a strong relationship between HHe and CVA, they failed to demonstrate an association between HHe and CAD. There exists a need for larger prospective randomized clinical trials to evaluate the effect of HHe on the incidence of CVA and CAD in patients with CRF.
Total Repeal of Anti-Trust Legislation: A Critique of Bork, Brozen and Posner

The premise underlying laissez-faire capitalism is that the only actions which should be illegal are those which involve an initiation of aggression against another person or his property. Antitrust law is clearly in violation of this principle, because it prohibits business practices no one even alleges constitute such depredations.
Effects of viscous dissipation in natural convection

The effect of viscous dissipation in natural convection is appreciable when the induced kinetic energy becomes appreciable compared to the amount of heat transferred. This occurs when either the equivalent body force is large or when the convection region is extensive. Viscous dissipation is considered here for vertical surfaces subject to both isothermal and uniform-flux surface conditions. A perturbation method is used and the first temperature perturbation function is calculated for Prandtl numbers from 10−2 to 104. The magnitude of the effect depends upon a dissipation number, which is not expressible in terms of the Grashof or the Prandtl number.
Cytological Analysis of Meiosis in Caenorhabditis elegans

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as an informative experimental system for analysis of meiosis, in large part because of the advantageous physical organization of meiotic nuclei as a gradient of stages within the germline. Here we provide tools for detailed observational studies of cells within the worm gonad, including techniques for light and electron microscopy.
Heavy-light mesons and chiral symmetry

The chiral structure of heavy-light mesons is explored with a particular focus on the nature of the D{sub sJ} charmed mesons. Theoretical predictions for the hadronic and radiative decays of these mesons are compared to recent experimental data.
An incremental approach to reachability analysis of distributed programs

In this paper we present an incremental approach to reachability analysis of distributed programs with synchronous communication and mailbox naming. Each process in a distributed program can be modeled as a communicating finite state machine (CFSM). A set of CFSMs is organized into a hierarchy. We present an algorithm that, for a given hierarchy of a set M of CFSMs, incrementally composes and reduces subsets of CFSMs in M. This incremental reachability analysis guarantees the detection of global deadlocks. We provide an algorithm for selecting a hierarchy for a set of CFSMs and show an incremental analysis of the gas station problem.
Hybrid resource provisioning for minimizing data center SLA violations and power consumption

Abstract This paper presents a practical and systematic approach to correctly provision server resources in data centers, such that SLA violations and energy consumption are minimized. In particular, we describe a hybrid method for server provisioning. Our method first applies a novel discretization technique on historical workload traces to identify long-term workload demand patterns that establish a “base” load. It then employs two techniques to dynamically allocate capacity: predictive provisioning handles the predicted base load at coarse time scales (e.g., hours) and reactive provisioning handles any excess workload at finer time scales (e.g., minutes). The combination of predictive and reactive provisioning achieves a significant improvement in meeting SLAs, conserving energy and reducing provisioning cost. We implement and evaluate our approach using traces from four production systems. The results show that our approach can provide up to 35% savings in power consumption and reduce SLA violations by as much as 21% compared to existing techniques, while avoiding frequent power cycling of servers.
Scalar Implicatures with Alternative Semantics

This paper explores interactions between the alternative semantics of Kratzer and Shimoyama (2002) and the embeddable exhaustive operator Exh proposed to handle embedded implicatures (Chierchia 2004; Fox 2004, 2007). The proposal is that when Exh applies to single alternative propositions (instead of complete, matrix-level sets of alternatives), it can generate correct scalar implicatures while avoiding several problems proposed in prior literature. The problems solved include implicature generation when a quantifier appears in a disjunction (Chierchia 2004) and when a sentence includes complex quantifiers like “more than two” (Krifka 1999).
Security fusion based on state machine compositions

Security fusion is a new paradigm in security for resource-constrained environments [20]. Following this paradigm, strong system-level security is achieved by combining weak primitives from multiple nodes. In this paper, we describe a fusion methodology based on state machine compositions. From the properties of compositions, we devise a challenge-response system that composes low-entropy state machines at individual nodes into one with higher entropy. We use built-in digital logic such as Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) to efficiently mass generate and distribute keys. In addition, we draw on the properties of compositions to reduce the key storage complexity at the infrastructure-level, with high coverage and early detectability at the system-level.
Explosion probability of unexploded ordnance: expert beliefs.

This article reports on a study to quantify expert beliefs about the explosion probability of unexploded ordnance (UXO). Some 1,976 sites at closed military bases in the United States are contaminated with UXO and are slated for cleanup, at an estimated cost of $15–140 billion. Because no available technology can guarantee 100% removal of UXO, information about explosion probability is needed to assess the residual risks of civilian reuse of closed military bases and to make decisions about how much to invest in cleanup. This study elicited probability distributions for the chance of UXO explosion from 25 experts in explosive ordnance disposal, all of whom have had field experience in UXO identification and deactivation. The study considered six different scenarios: three different types of UXO handled in two different ways (one involving children and the other involving construction workers). We also asked the experts to rank by sensitivity to explosion 20 different kinds of UXO found at a case study site at Fort Ord, California. We found that the experts do not agree about the probability of UXO explosion, with significant differences among experts in their mean estimates of explosion probabilities and in the amount of uncertainty that they express in their estimates. In three of the six scenarios, the divergence was so great that the average of all the expert probability distributions was statistically indistinguishable from a uniform (0, 1) distribution—suggesting that the sum of expert opinion provides no information at all about the explosion risk. The experts' opinions on the relative sensitivity to explosion of the 20 UXO items also diverged. The average correlation between rankings of any pair of experts was 0.41, which, statistically, is barely significant (p= 0.049) at the 95% confidence level. Thus, one expert's rankings provide little predictive information about another's rankings. The lack of consensus among experts suggests that empirical studies are needed to better understand the explosion risks of UXO.
Postdoctoral Training in Bioscience: Allocation and Outcomes

The careers of 557 biochemists are studied in order to answer the following questions: Who gets postdoctoral training and why? How does such training affect subsequent employment opportunities? Does postdoctoral training increase later research productivity? Results show that predoctoral research productivity has no effect on who gets postdoctoral training or where one gets it. Getting postdoctoral training does not seem to affect one's chances of getting a prestigious job, but where the training occurred has a major impact on the prestige of subsequent jobs. In contrast, having had postdoctoral training seems to result in substantial increases in later citation rates, but where the training occurred makes little difference in citation rates. The modest effect of postdoctoral training on publication rates disappears when employment sector is held constant.
Diabetes Mellitus, Inflammation, Obesity: Proposed Treatment Pathways for Current and Future Therapies

ObjectiveTo review the pathophysiology, pharmacology, and current or future therapies under study for use in treating diabetes mellitus, inflammation associated with diabetes mellitus, and/or obesity related to diabetes mellitus, through 1 of 4 investigational pathways: adiponectin, ghrelin, resveratrol, or leptin.Data sourcesA literature search using MEDLINE (1966–December 12, 2009), PubMed (1950–December 12, 2009), Science Direct (1994–December 12, 2009), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–December 12, 2009) was performed using the terms adiponectin, ghrelin, resveratrol, leptin, inflammation, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. English-language, original research, and review articles were examined, and citations from these articles were assessed as well.Study selection and data extractionClinical studies and in vitro studies were included in addition to any Phase 1, 2, or 3 clinical trials.Data synthesisMechanistic pathways regarding adiponectin, ghrelin, resveratrol, and leptin are of intere...
Serials Review Index

The editors scan approximately 120 journals in all disciplines for reviews of serial publications. Journals published since Winter 2001 were monitored for this installment of Serials Review Index. Suggestions for journals to be included in future columns are welcome. Serials Review 2003; 29:243–247.
A Critical Race Analysis of the Hiring Process for Head Coaches in NCAA College Football

In this article, we respond to Singer’s (2005) challenge to sport management scholars to consider race-based epistemologies in conducting certain kinds of research in the field, as we use critical race theory (CRT) as a framework to analyze the Black Coaches & Administrators (BCA) Hiring Report Card (HRC) (Harrison & Yee, 2009). The BCA HRC was created as a result of the access discrimination that has historically taken place in college sport (Brooks & Althouse, 2000; Cunningham & Sagas, 2005), which has consequently contributed to the under-representation of racial minorities in the head coach position in college football. The HRC places the hiring process of predominantly white institutions of higher education (PWIHE) under public scrutiny, with the ultimate goal of changing the decision-making process when these institutions hire head football coaches. This article utilizes CRT to support and justify the conception of the HRC, and also applies CRT principles to the five grading criteria of the HRC as a...
Petrology of the Yerington Batholith, Nevada; evidence for evolution of porphyry copper ore fluids

The Jurassic Yerington batholith, western Nevada, is a composite pluton that contains several centers of porphyry copper mineralization and is exposed in structural cross section at paleodepths ranging from 0 to 8 km. Within these exposures the McLeod Hill quartz monzodiorite, Bear quartz monzonite, and Luhr Hill granite form successive intrusions that are in turn volumetrically smaller ( approximately 75, 19, and 6 vol %, respectively), more deeply emplaced (tops at 65-km 3 Luhr Hill granite. The low Cu content ( approximately 10 ppm) of the granite would allow extraction of approximately 50 ppm Cu from it during crystallization. These data suggest an orthomagmatic model in which both high- and low-density saline aqueous fluids formed during exsolution of water from the crystallizing Luhr Hill granite; and from which salts, Cu, Fe, and S strongly partitioned into the high-density "ore" fluid. Low-density fluids may have risen from the magma as a vapor plume. Mineralization occurred when fluid overpressures caused fracturing of wall rock and upward intrusion of granite porphyry dikes and high-density saline ore fluids. Both the f (sub O 2 ) path during subsolidus cooling and the deposition of most S as chalcopyrite-pyrite in ore suggest that reduction of magmatic S to sulfide may have been a mechanism for oxidation of magmatic ferromagnesian silicate and Fe-Ti oxide minerals.
Interactions among Cloud, Water Vapor, Radiation, and Large-Scale Circulation in the Tropical Climate. Part I: Sensitivity to Uniform Sea Surface Temperature Changes

The responses of tropical clouds and water vapor to SST variations are investigated with simple numerical experiments. The fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University‐National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU‐NCAR) Mesoscale Model is used with doubly periodic boundary conditions and a uniform constant sea surface temperature (SST). The SST is varied and the equilibrium statistics of cloud properties, water vapor, and circulation at different temperatures are compared. The top of the atmosphere (TOA) radiative fluxes have the same sensitivities to SST as in observations averaged from 208 Nt o 208S over the Pacific, suggesting that the model sensitivities are realistic. As the SST increases, the temperature profile approximately follows a moist-adiabatic lapse rate. The rain rate and cloud ice amounts increase with SST. The average relative humidity profile stays approximately constant, but the upper-tropospheric relative humidity increases slightly with SST. The clear-sky mean temperature and water vapor feedbacks have similar magnitudes to each other and opposite signs. The net clear-sky feedback is thus about equal to the lapse rate feedback, which is about 2 2Wm 22 K21. The clear-sky outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) thus increases with SST, but the high cloud-top temperature is almost constant with SST, and the high cloud amount increases with SST. The result of these three effects is an increase of cloud longwave forcing with SST and a mean OLR that is almost independent of SST. The high cloud albedo remains almost constant with increasing SST, but the increase in high cloud area causes a negative shortwave cloud radiative forcing feedback, which partly cancels the longwave cloud feedback. The net radiation decreases slightly with SST, giving a small net negative feedback, implying a stable, but very sensitive climate.
Forms of Inclusion Between Processes

One of the most salient features of the work of Professor Steven Orey, and a feature of which the present writer stands in considerable awe, is the almost uncanny dedication to logic and realism which it manifests. Time and again, one saw him depart from familiar settings to take up some new and innovative development, no matter how formidable it must have appeared at a first glance. This is already true in his change of field from logic to probability theory. We see it again, for example, in his joint paper with the present author [4]. At the time of its instigation (by Orey) the only precursor to [4] was the famous paper [1] of Blumenthal, Getoor, and McKean. This last, however, was basically analytic, in sharp distinction to the synthetic approach of Orey. Other examples could be found easily (even from the limited perspective of the writer) since Orey’s work ran the gamut of many branches of probability from Markov chains to absolute continuity of diffusion processes to large deviations.
Neutron Sources for Standard-Based Testing

The DHS TC Standards and the consensus ANSI Standards use 252Cf as the neutron source for performance testing because its energy spectrum is similar to the 235U and 239Pu fission sources used in nuclear weapons. An emission rate of 20,000 ± 20% neutrons per second is used for testing of the radiological requirements both in the ANSI standards and the TCS. Determination of the accurate neutron emission rate of the test source is important for maintaining consistency and agreement between testing results obtained at different testing facilities. Several characteristics in the manufacture and the decay of the source need to be understood and accounted for in order to make an accurate measurement of the performance of the neutron detection instrument. Additionally, neutron response characteristics of the particular instrument need to be known and taken into account as well as neutron scattering in the testing environment.
Immobilization of marine toxins on carboxylic acid modified surfaces

Saxitoxin and gonyautoxin 2 and 3 are among the most toxic components of the Paralytic Shellfish Poison from red tides. Being small molecules, they often require to be immobilized in order to be handled experimentally. Here is presented a methodology for covalently binding the toxins to carboxilatemodified surfaces. Both toxins were successfully bound to magnetic beads and saxitoxin was additionally bound to a modified golden surface in order to perform a surface plasmon resonance analysis. Success of binding to magnetic beads was evaluated through a standard immune-based toxin assay. Despite the different methods used for each toxin, the maximum binding yield for both toxins occurred when using concentration of 120 µM.
Unseasonal breeding in artificial colonies of Peromyscus leucopus.

Colonies of mice, Peromyscus leucopus , often began to breed soon after being introduced to previously uninhabited islands in midsummer, although natural populations were not breeding at this season. This breeding began when population densities were higher than those of natural populations and continued until densities far higher than those of natural populations were reached. This unusual breeding may have been caused by the disruption of social structure produced by the colonization.
Effects of previous order and proportion of similar attitude statements on attraction during a subsequent series of dissimilar statements

Seven groups received completed attitude questionnaires of “strangers,” which were filled out by E in accordance with the Ss’ responses to an initial questionnaire. Order and proportion of similar attitude statements for the first 12 statements were varied, and the effects of these variations were measured during the presentations of the subsequent 12 dissimilar statements, using a continuous mode of responding. Previous exposure to different orders and proportions had no effect on later responses. Regardless of previous experiences, different groups responded with similar strength of attraction when exposed to blocks of all similar or all dissimilar attitude statements.
The Patient Experience

There are few things more terrifying than being a patient in a hospital. This imposed dependency is not only disorienting but extremely unsettling. Fear seizes the principal and his supportive family. The fear of surviving the episode is first followed closely by the fear of pain. Dr. Berwick, Founder of the Institution of Healthcare Improvement describes the patient’s request as “cure me, don’t hurt me, and be nice to me” as the frequent patient lament. Controlling pain is definitely within our skill set as healthcare providers. Nevertheless, we frequently fail miserably to adequately treat patient’s pain. The patient perception of pain is so important that it has been added as the fifth vital sign by state legislators and is prominent in the 27 questions from the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS). Here, we concluded appropriate pain management was equal to quality patient care. We further decided as an organization that painful suffering would no longer be tolerated as a part of our patient’s experience. At CVHP, we discovered proper pain management was not a new concept in our hospitals but the proper implementation of a system wide pain management program had never been effectively done. We created a single multiple disciplinary pain management protocol throughout our healthcare delivery system, supervised by a system wide pain management committee. Few elements impact the in-hospital patient experience more than pain management. As doctors, we need to set aside our anachronistic M.D. physician centered pain management approach.
Common Algorithms and Analysis of Electric Energy Metering Error

Three common algorithms were introduced in this paper for the analysis of electric energy metering error, and these algorithms are suitable for any type of metering fault.Both theoretical analysis and experimental validation were performed for these algorithms.Such methods excluded the integrated error,line losses et al.They were used easily.Their results were accurate and they should be widely promoted and used for reference.
One-pot polyglycidol nanogels via liposome master templates for dual drug delivery.

Abstract Polyglycidol-based nanohydrogels (nHGs) have been prepared by optimizing the use of liposome master templates resulting in a high-yielding and more practical one-pot process to provide materials capable of carrying drugs of adverse chemical nature. The nanogels prepared with the one-pot method showed favorable kinetics for the release of either Nile Red (NR) or lysozyme (LYS), loaded with gel precursors such as semi-branched poly(glycidol allylglycidyl ether), PEG dithiol (1KDa), a free radical initiator and liposomal lipids at the liposome formation step. This process is superior to a comparable step-wise traditional approach and circumvents loading of the gel precursors with the hydrophilic drug into preformed liposome templates. A thiol-ene crosslinking reaction accomplishes the formation of the nanonetwork resulting in nHGs prepared in the traditional step-wise (nHG-SW) approach and the one-pot (nHG-OP) process. Both nanogel networks were characterized in terms of particle size and zeta (ζ) potential with average values of 148 nm ± 39 nm and − 25.9 mV ± 9.2 for the nHG-SW and 132 nm ± 32 and − 23.1 mV ± 9.7 for the nHG-OPs. Loading efficiency for both of the nanogels with NR was determined by spectrophotometry to be 28% (nHP-SW) and 31% (nHP-OP). The LYS loading was based on the target loading of 10 μg/mg for both nanogels found to be 84% and 86% for the nHG-SW and nHP-OP, respectively. As proof of concept for combination drug delivery, the in vitro release of both drug mimics, NR and LYS, were monitored under physiologically relevant conditions by an optimized dialysis method. The implementation of the multi-functional and semi-branched polyglycidol is recognized as the main contributor for the observed highly controlled release of proteins that are otherwise rapidly released from common PEG-based nanogel networks. Furthermore, the one-pot process led to be the most favorable drug delivery system based on the release kinetics pointing to a denser polymer network.
The Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor

This chapter describes the design, operational regimes and results of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) which operated at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory from 1982 to 1997. TFTR was a large tokamak (plasma current up to 3 MA) equipped with high power auxiliary heating by neutral beam injection (up to 40MW) and RF waves (up to 11 MW) and excellent plasma diagnostics. After developing and characterizing regimes of operation in deuterium plasmas with temperatures and density approaching those required for a fusion reactor, TFTR conducted an extensive research program with deuterium-tritium plasmas between 1993 and 1997. In addition to investigating the confinement of fusion alpha particles and the effects of isotopic mass on confinement, many issues of relevance to the development of magnetic fusion reactors were studied, such as RF heating and current drive in mixed-species plasmas, tritium handling and tritium retention in plasma-facing components.
The concept of health literacy in contemporary nursing

Abstract Health literacy is defined as a person's ability to act upon information about health and to effectively use such information to improve their health. The aim of this paper is to map the possibilities of applying this concept in contemporary nursing and to reveal the conditions for and against its use in the nursing profession. We used a content analysis of documents to process the presented study. The scientific databases of EBSCO, ProQuest, Pubmed, ScienceDirect and Scopus were used for the material search between April and May 2016. Based on the analysis of the found sources, we can generally claim that the concept of health literacy can be applied in today's nursing. Thanks to their large representation in the medical population, nurses may therefore significantly contribute to improving the health literacy of the general public and may effectively influence the health care system. A necessary step to maximize health literacy in the nursing profession is a more intense integration of the mentioned issue into educational curricula. This step, however, is not the only solution. An unavoidable condition is the existence of nurses, with both the personal-social and emotional competence, equipped with skills such as communication, empathy, listening and the willingness to devote more time to a patient. However, it is necessary to note that there was not a single Czech study dealing with the presented topic from the perspective of nursing. This fact seems to be a great challenge for all professionals in nursing and clinical practice.
SENSITIVITY OR RESISTANCE DAIRY STARTER AND ASSOCIATED MICROORGANISMS TO SELECTED ANTIBIOTICS

Forty-two strains of mesophilic lactic streptococci, enterococci, lactobacilli, leuconostoc, staphylococci, and other dairy- and food-related microorganisms were tested for their sensitivity to 30 antibiotic and antimicrobial agents. Elliker's lactic agar served as the growth medium; incubation temperature and times were varied according to individual culture growth requirements. Commercially available multitipped sensitivity discs were used. Almost all the microorganisms investigated, except for Streptococcus thermophilus, exhibited definite resistance to eight different sulfonamides. Most of the strains of starter streptococci and Lactobacillus bulgaricus were sensitive to all 16 antibiotic or antimicrobial agents (included in this survey) used for mastitis control. Strains of Leuconostoc dextranicum, Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus durans, and Brevibacterium linens were less affected.
Are accelerators dangerous

Richard Posner is a US federal judge and lecturer at the University of Chicago Law School. In his latest book Catastrophe: Risk and Response, he says that particle accelerators are not worth the risk. A non-zero possibility exists, he writes, that they will create a "strangelet" particle that will destroy the planet. Posner's arguments apply most immediately to the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory in the US, to a planned upgrade to the facility called RHIC-II and to CERN's Large Hadron Collider, which opens in two years' time.
Predictors of overall survival in patients diagnosed with desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT).

10582 Background: DSRCT is a rare, aggressive, and poorly understood neoplasm characterized by the EWS-WT1 translocation. Prognosis is poor despite upfront multimodality therapy with surgery, radia...
Leveraging MapReduce and Synchrophasors for Real-Time Anomaly Detection in the Smart Grid

The rapid detection of anomalous behavior in SCADA systems such as the U.S. power grid is critical for system resiliency and operator response in cases of power fluctuations due to hazardous weather conditions or other events. Phasor measurement units are time synchronized devices that provide accurate synchrophasor measurements in power grids. The rapid deployment of PMUs enable improved real-time situational awareness to grid operators through wide area measurement systems. However, the quantity and rate of measurements obtained from PMUs is significantly higher than traditional devices, and continues to grow as more are deployed. Efficient algorithms for processing large-scale PMU data and notifying operators of anomalies is critical for real-time system monitoring. In this paper, we propose a novel, two-step anomaly detection approach that processes raw PMU data using the MapReduce paradigm. We implement our approach on a multicore system to process a dataset derived from real PMUs containing 4,500 PMUs ($\sim 18$∼18 million measurements). Our experimental results indicate the proposed approach detects constraint and temporal anomalies in under three seconds on 8 cores. Our work demonstrates the applicability of MapReduce for designing anomaly detection algorithms for the smart grid, and motivates the creation of novel MapReduce approaches for other SCADA applications.
Package-embedded spiral inductor characterization with application to switching buck converters

Abstract The design and characterization process of a package-embedded spiral inductor is investigated in this paper via comprehensive electromagnetic simulations. A realistic, multi-layer flip-chip package is considered and modeled in a commercial, full wave electromagnetic simulator. At constant package area, parasitic resistance of a given inductance is minimized. The applicability of the proposed package-embedded spiral inductor to a DC-DC switching buck converter is demonstrated. The flexibility of the package is exploited to obtain a relatively high inductance, enabling a reduced switching frequency. Lower switching frequency minimizes the dynamic loss, thereby increasing the power efficiency. An interleaved multi-phase buck regulator with an array of package-embedded spiral inductors is developed. The extracted layout of the overall circuit is evaluated for performance and primary characteristics. The converter produces an output voltage of 0.9 V from 1.2 V input voltage while supplying a load current of 1 A. Power efficiency of approximately 89% is achieved with 3% output ripple voltage.
Becoming butterflies: interactive embodiment of the butterfly lifecycle

Museum directors are often faced with the challenge of engaging users in the museum experience while preserving the intentions of exhibit content. Designing exhibits for children can heighten the tension between these sometimes competing goals. Working with the University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, we designed and implemented Metamorphosis, a system for an engaging, educational butterfly exhibit. The exhibit employs augmented reality and full-body interaction to guide users through critical phases of a butterfly's metamorphosis process. In Metamorphosis, we incorporated participatory design methods in order to leverage engaging ubiquitous technologies while supporting an educational narrative aligned with the museum's goals.
Abstract TMP67: Sex Disparities in Atrial Fibrillation as a Predictor of Poor Discharge Disposition After Ischemic Stroke Hospitalization: The Florida-Puerto Rico Collaboration to Reduce Stroke Disparities (FL-PR CReSD) Study

Background: It is unknown whether atrial fibrillation (AF) is responsible for increased morbidity and disability seen in women with ischemic stroke. We sought to determine whether patients with isc...
Robust Unscented Kalman Filter for Power System Dynamic State Estimation With Unknown Noise Statistics

Due to the communication channel noises, GPS synchronization process, changing environment temperature and different operating conditions of the system, the statistics of the system process and measurement noises may be unknown and they may not follow Gaussian distributions. As a result, the traditional Kalman filter-based dynamic state estimators may provide strongly biased state estimates. To address these issues, this paper develops a robust generalized maximum-likelihood unscented Kalman filter (GM-UKF). The statistical linearization approach is presented to derive a compact batch-mode regression form by processing the predicted state vector and the received measurements simultaneously. This regression form enhances the data redundancy and allows us to detect bad phasor measurement unit measurements and incorrect state predictions, and filter out unknown Gaussian and non-Gaussian noises through the generalized maximum likelihood-estimator. The latter minimizes a convex Huber function with weights calculated via the projection statistics (PS). Particularly, the PS is applied to a proposed 2-dimensional matrix that consists of temporally correlated innovation vectors and predicted states. Finally, the total influence function is used to derive the error covariance matrix of the GM-UKF state estimates, yielding the robust state prediction at the next time instant. Extensive simulations carried out on the IEEE 39-bus test system demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
Assembling the opposition: Organizing struggles against neoliberalism and educational insecurity:

This article explores the realm of educational politics and the organization of opposition to neoliberal school reform in the United States of America. A distinguishing feature of the current refor...
Membrane permeability and oxidant induced injury.

This discussion concerns the mechanisms whereby cell functions are compromised by exposure to oxidant stress. One of our principal objectives is to also address the manner in which many of the studies of oxidant stress are performed, that being the use of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release as a marker of cell injury and use of millimolar and higher concentrations of peroxides.
The Effects of Work Experience on Two Scales of Career Development.

Work experience programs claim to develop good work habits and an understanding of how to acquire paid employment. These claims are largely untested because instruments measuring knowledge of work ...
Pseudo-Almost Automorphic Functions

The concept of pseudo-almost automorphy, which is a generalization of the notions of almost periodicity, almost automorphy, and that of the pseudo-almost periodicity, was introduced in the literature a few years ago by Xiao et al. [164].
Ultrastructure in anterior and posterior stroma of perfused human and rabbit corneas. Relation to transparency.

Purpose. The authors sought to discover whether there are differences in the degree of spatial order in the fibrillar ultrastructure between anterior and posterior stroma. Methods. Human corneas were obtained from eye bank eyes. Although they had been classified as normal, some swelling remained after 3 hours of deturgescence. Freshly excised, unswollen rabbit corneas also were used. Image analysis methods were applied to transmission electron micrographs of the anterior, middle, and posterior stroma of these corneas to determine the positions and radii of fibrils, the fraction of total area occupied by fibrils, and the fibril number density. Results were used to calculate the interference factor that appears in the direct summation of the fields for light scattering theory and to estimate the total scattering cross-section per fibril. The interference factor is a measure of the spatial order in the positions and sizes of the fibrils. Results. Electron micrographs showed anterior-posterior variations in size and number density of fibrils. The interference factor at wavelengths of visible light was lower in posterior stroma than in anterior stroma for humans and rabbits. In some instances in humans, the anterior interference factor was characteristic of mildly swollen cornea. When averaged for the electron micrographs analyzed, the anterior stroma was predicted to scatter approximately twice as much light per unit depth as the posterior stroma in humans (at any given wavelength) and approximately three times as much in rabbits. Conclusions. Calculations of the interference factor showed that there were differences in the anterior-posterior spatial ordering of fibrils. In human corneas, the differences could have been caused by intrinsic in vivo differences between anterior and posterior stroma ; however, possible anterior-posterior variations in swelling between the two regions in vitro also could have affected the results. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995 ;36 :1508-1523.