cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Interpersonal Differences Within Religious Communities: A Group Actor-Partner Interdependence Model of U.S. Congregations

This study examined how the composition of religious communities influences the spiritual outcomes of members. The U.S. Congregational Life Survey was analyzed using the group actor-partner interdependence model, an analysis that assesses how individual-level outcomes are influenced by (a) the actor's characteristics, (b) the characteristics of other congregants, (c) the relational demography of the actor, and (d) the degree that other congregants differ among themselves. This model, including both surface-level (e.g., demographic) and deep-level (e.g., theological belief) attributes, allowed for the estimation of distinct effects for actor and group similarity, which have been confounded in prior research. Relational demography was found to be positively related to one's needs being met on nearly all measured items. In contrast, a lack of diversity in terms of deep-level constructs (e.g., theological belief and worship preference) predicted less belonging and less satisfaction. These results suggest that...
Density estimation with confidence sets exemplified by superclusters and voids in the galaxies

Abstract A method is presented for forming both a point estimate and a confidence set of semiparametric densities. The final product is a three-dimensional figure that displays a selection of density estimates for a plausible range of smoothing parameters. The boundaries of the smoothing parameter are determined by a nonparametric goodness-of-fit test that is based on the sample spacings. For each value of the smoothing parameter our estimator is selected by choosing the normal mixture that maximizes a function of the sample spacings. A point estimate is selected from this confidence set by using the method of cross-validation. An algorithm to find the mixing distribution that maximizes the spacings functional is presented. These methods are illustrated with a data set from the astronomy literature. The measurements are velocities at which galaxies in the Corona Borealis region are moving away from our galaxy. If the galaxies are clustered, the velocity density will be multimodal, with clusters correspond...
Acute noncrescentic poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis presenting with pulmonary hemorrhage

We report a child with acute poststreptococcal noncrescentic glomerulonephritis and pulmonary hemorrhage. This patient demonstrates that; (1) poststreptococcal noncrescentic glomerulonephritis in children can be associated with pulmonary hemorrhage, (2) an expeditious renal biopsy in patients with acute or rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and pulmonary hemorrhage can establish an early diagnosis and provide timely guidance for treatment, and (3) although not proven by controlled studies, the intravenous administration of methylprednisolone in our patient may have been effective in the treatment of pulmonary hemorrhage.
Phonon scattering by radiation-produced F-complement centers

Abstract From thermal conductivioty measurement between 0.2° and 2°K on irradiated samples of KCl it is inferred that large clusters of Cl atoms are formed, the sizes of which depend upon the radiation temperature.
Neural tropomodulin: developmental expression and effect of seizure activity

Tropomodulin is a 40.6 kDa tropomyosin-binding protein associated with actin filaments in muscle and the membrane cytoskeleton in erythrocytes. We have detected tropomodulin mRNA and protein in brains of rats by northern and western blot analyses. In situ hybridization of rat brain and spinal cord sections shows tropomodulin expression in the cerebellum, neocortex, hippocampus, and anterior horn of the spinal cord. Tropomodulin expression is first observed around day 15 after birth and increases through day 24. The temporal and spatial changes in tropomodulin expression during cerebellar development parallel those for brain tropomyosin. Tropomodulin mRNA increases in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus following prolonged seizure activity induced by kainic acid administration; the increase is clearly evident 8 h after initiation of seizures and is still present 1 week later. However, Western blot analysis of tropomodulin protein level in the dentate gyrus before and after seizure induction show only slight increases in tropomodulin protein concentration, suggesting tight regulation of tropomodulin expression at the translational level. The developmental expression of tropomodulin, together with the induction of tropomodulin mRNA production in the dentate gyrus after kainic acid treatment, suggests a role for tropomodulin in neuronal organization and plasticity.
Polymorphisms in the estrogen synthesis and metabolism pathways and symptoms during the menopausal transition: observations from the Seattle Midlife Women's Health Study.

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether polymorphisms in the estrogen synthesis and metabolism pathways are associated with women's vasomotor symptom experiences during the menopausal transition. Design In 2002, a subset of women enrolled in the Seattle Midlife Women's Health Study since 1990 (N = 174) provided a buccal smear for genotyping. Women were recruited by complete ascertainment of selected multiethnic neighborhoods in 1990. Participants were midlife women with a mean age of 53 years in 2005, well educated, employed, married, and represented a multiethnic population. Genotyping was done for the following polymorphisms: CYP1A1m2; CYP1B1*2 and CYP1B1*3; CYP17 5'UTR; CYP19 3'UTR; CYP19 (TTTA)n; including CYP19 7r and CYP19 7(r-3); CYP19 8r and CYP19 11r; and ESR1PvuII and ESR1XbaI. Women rated their vasomotor symptom severity in diaries on days 5, 6, and 7 of the menstrual cycle or on a constant date each month for women skipping periods. Menopausal transition stage was determined from daily menstrual calendars. First voided urine specimens provided several times each year were assayed for estrone glucuronide. Results Women with the CYP19 11r polymorphism reported more severe and frequent hot flashes during the middle and late menopausal transition stages and postmenopause and higher E1G levels during middle and late stages. None of the other polymorphisms studied were related to hot flashes or to estrone glucuronide levels. Conclusions These findings suggest a possible role for CYP19 polymorphisms in estrogen levels and in vasomotor symptoms during the menopausal transition that warrants further study in larger and more diverse populations of women.
Motion retrival using low-rank decomposition of Fundamental Ratios

This paper proposes a novel framework for efficient retrieval of motion capture data. The method uses Fundamental Ratios to convert action sequences into compact representations of the action, greatly reducing the spatiotemporal dimensionality of the sequences. We propose a low-rank decomposition scheme that allows for converting the motion sequence volumes into compact lower dimensional representations, without losing the nonlinear dynamics of the motion manifold, and the proposed method performs well even when interclass differences are small or intra-class differences are large. We evaluate the performance of our retrieval framework on the CMU mocap dataset and Microsoft Kinect dataset, which demonstrate satisfying retrieval rates.
Thermal radiation in layered participating cylindrical media using an integral equation method

Radiative transfer in a layered cylindrical medium is analyzed using a newly developed S-type integral equation of transfer in terms of incident radiation and net radiative heat flux. The physical systems in hollow and solid cylindrical geometry are modeled as nonhomogeneous participating media with stepwise variable properties. Thus, the necessity to establish the equation of transfer for each layer and combine these layers through the intensity continuity on interface is avoided. Numerical predictions from a collocation method are presented to illustrate the effects of radiation properties on the radiative transfer for the systems considered. Comparison of the results with other available data in literature shows that highly accurate results are obtainable by current method with simplicity.
Preparing ED staff for a JCAHO survey: innovative strategies to update staff.

Nicki Gilboy, RN, MS, CEN, Beacon chapter, is ED Nurse Educator, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Mass; E-mail: ngilboy@partners.org. For reprints, write: Nicki Gilboy, 197 Barretts Mill Rd, Concord, MA 01742; E-mail: ngilboy@partners.org. J Emerg Nurs 2004;30:498-500. Available online 21 July 2004. 0099-1767/$30.00 Copyright n 2004 by the Emergency Nurses Association. doi:10.1016/j.jen.2004.05.005
Overview of Earth science missions at the Goddard Space Flight Center

The Earth Science Enterprise distinguishes three types of space flight missions: systematic observation missions, exploratory missions, and operational precursor or technology demonstration missions. All three types of missions are represented at the Goddard Space Flight Center, and we will discuss them in turn. Systematic Observation Missions provide long-term continuity of critical earth observations; at GSFC they include Landsat 7 and Terra, which were launched in 1999 and are now operational and returning data; the Aqua and Icesat missions are scheduled for launch later in the year, the SORCE mission in 2002 and the Aura mission in 2003. Exploratory missions are expected to be one-time missions that address a focused set of scientific questions. Exploratory missions at GSFC include QuikTOMS, VCL, CloudSat, ESSP3-CENA, and Grace. Finally, operational precursor and technology development missions are intended to lead to future operational deployment in low Earth orbit or geostationary orbit (within the framework of the NPOESS and GOES programs). The first technology development mission, EO-1 was launched last year. The NPOESS Preparatory Project, or NPP, is currently in formulation. We briefly introduce each of these missions, outlining the major characteristics and anticipating their data products. The overall development schedule is shown.
Experiments on Effect of Water Injection Rate on Imbibition Rate in Fractured Reservoirs

A relationship has been established in the laboratory between rate of water injection into a simulated fracture- matrix type reservoir model and rate of imbibition. In a series of experiments involving linear countercurrent flow, it was discovered that the higher the water injection rate, the higher the imbibition rate and the greater the indicated ultimate oil recovery. Repeated runs, made using one side of the matrix block and then the opposite side, indicate that the water injection rate (same time duration): imbibition rate correlation is well defined. Two additional factors that dictate the nature of the injection rate-imbibition response are temperature and the condition of the sand face exposed to imbibition. The result of the experimental work suggest that, under proper conditions, increased water injection rates may lead to higher production rates and oil recoveries in reservoirs having fracture-matrix type porosity. (12 refs.)
Intracranial stents for treatment of acute ischemic stroke: evolution and current status.

Background Intravascular stents have been applied to treat a variety of pathophysiologic conditions. With advances in stent design and delivery, stenting has become a viable treatment option in neurovascular disease. Recently, intracranial arterial stenting has received increasing interest as a modality to rapidly and effectively recanalize affected vessels in the setting of acute ischemic stroke. Methods To examine the potential of stenting procedures for stroke, we compiled and analyzed relevant experimental and clinical studies in the available databases. Results Our resulting discussion covers the brief history of stents, from their initial inception in the 1960s, to the developments of interventional cardiology, and finally to the treatment of acute occlusions of the neurovasculature. We also detail technological advances that have improved stent delivery to intracranial arteries and review the several clinical studies that feature stenting for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Conclusion Numerous clinical studies have revealed that stents are a quick and efficacious endovascular tool for acute ischemic stroke treatment. It appears likely that issues regarding design, safety, and feasibility of stent-based devices will experience further improvement and refinement, and from fruitful criticism of existing technologies and techniques, along with lessons from past mistakes, will arise safer and more effective devices.
Finite Element Analysis of Fixed Medial Malleolar Fractures

The ankle joint, comprised of the distal ends of the tibia and fibula as well as talus, is key in permitting movement of the foot and restricting excessive motion during weight-bearing activities. Medial ankle injury occurs as a result of pronation-abduction or pronation-external rotation loading scenarios in which avulsion of the medial malleolus or rupture of the deltoid ligament can result if the force is sufficient [1]. If left untreated, the joint may experience more severe conditions like osteoarthritis [2]. To avoid such consequences, medial ankle injuries — specifically bony injuries — are treated with open reduction and internal fixation via the use of plates, screws, wires, or some combination thereof [1, 3–4]. In this investigation, the mechanical performance of two such devices was compared by creating a 3-dimensional model of an earlier cadaveric study [5], validating the model against the cadaveric data via finite element analysis (FEA), and comparing regions of high stress to regions of experimental failure.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Condom use during sexual assault

This study examines questions about forced unprotected sex. Study objectives include assessing the prevalence of condom use in sexual assault and improving our understanding of the correlates of condom use in sexual assault. We analyze 841 sexual assault complaints reported to three law enforcement agencies. Descriptive data are used to assess the prevalence of condom use in sexual assault and to examine the contextual factors associated with condom use in sexual assault. We conduct logistic regression analysis to examine motivations for condom use during sexual assault. Condom use prevalence rates across the sites range from 11.7% to 15.6%. Few differences exist across jurisdictions regarding the correlates of condom use. Condom use during sexual assault appears to be motivated by three contextual factors. Younger suspects and suspects who use a weapon during assaults are more likely to use a condom. The suspect's use of alcohol is negatively related to condom use. The low rates of condom use found in this study, coupled with the dangers of unprotected sexual contact, suggest that public health efforts must address the needs of victims of sexual assault more carefully.
Molecular dynamics simulations of tips2 water restricted by a spherical hydrophobic boundary

Abstract The structure in a water cluster restricted by a hydrophobic wall was studied as a function of the distance from the wall. Significant orientational preference was observed near the surface. This preference is very similar to that present in liquid water near planar hydrophobic surfaces of infinite extend.
Human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors and risk for peripheral neuropathy.

Objective Two recent analyses found that exposure to protease inhibitors (PIs) in the context of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy increased the risk for distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSPN) in subjects with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. These findings were supported by an in vitro model in which PI exposure produced neurite retraction and process loss in dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons. Confirmation of peripheral nerve toxicity with PIs could substantially limit their long-term use in highly active ARV therapy. Methods We evaluated current and past exposure to PIs as a risk factor for DSPN in 1,159 HIV-infected individuals enrolled in a large, prospective, observational, multicenter study. Signs of DSPN were ascertained by neurological examination. Subjects were grouped into categories according to past and current exposure to any ARV and to PIs. We included disease indicators such as nadir CD4, plasma viral load, and duration of HIV infection, as well as advancing age and exposure to dideoxynucleoside ARVs in multivariate models. Results In univariate analyses, both past and current PI exposure significantly increased the risk for DSPN. However, after adjusting for previously validated concomitant risk factors in multivariate models, none of the PI exposure groups was more likely to have DSPN than ARV naive subjects. A secondary evaluation of duration of PI use and exposure to individual PI drugs was similarly nonsignificant in multivariate models, except for small effects of amprenavir and lopinavir. Interpretation Evaluation of concomitant risks for HIV DSPN suggests that the independent risk attributable to PIs, if any, is small. This risk must be weighed against the important role of PIs in modern ARV therapy regimens. Ann Neurol 2008;64:566–572
Habituation of open-field escape responses and increase in competing responses in the Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus

The relationship between open-field escape responses to visual stimuli over repeated daily exposures and the frequency of ambulation, territorial marking, autogrooming, digging, and time out of the field were studied in the Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus. Startle and escape responses declined over 6 days of repeated exposures, whereas the initially suppressed levels of competing responses increased.
Differences in Intelligence and Automatic Memory Processes.

Abstract Intelligence-related differences in memory have been viewed as dependent upon control rather than structural memory processes. A test of this notion was made by comparing retarded and nonretarded persons on a subject-paced continuous recognition memory task which was judged to be nonstrategic. The stimuli were computer-generated faces and words. Analyses of pacing rates and posttest interviews provided no consistent evidence for strategy use. Differences in memory between the retarded and nonretarded subjects were attributed to differences in automatic aspects of encoding.
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: Does It Change the Functional Properties of the Bladder Wall?

ABSTRACTPurpose: Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is used in a 50% solution to treat interstitial cystitis. Symptomatic relief occurs in about two-thirds of cases. The mechanism of action and effects of DMSO on bladder tissue function are poorly understood. Therefore, the effect of DMSO on bladder muscle compliance and contractility was evaluated.Materials and Methods: Contractility and compliance were evaluated in rat bladder strips exposed to various concentrations of DMSO for 7 minutes, followed by 7 to 60-minute washout periods. The effect of DMSO at concentrations of 25%, 30%, 35%, 40% and 50% on electrical field stimulation induced contractions was assessed. Acetylcholine and high KCl (Sigma Chemical Co.) induced contractions were measured after exposure to 30% DMSO. Compliance was evaluated after exposure to 30% and 50% DMSO.Results: Exposure to 40% DMSO completely abolished electrical field stimulation contractions, while 30% DMSO decreased the electrical field stimulation contraction to 40% ± 6% of the ...
Renal cyst epithelial transport in non-uremic polycystic kidney disease

Renal cyst epithelial transport in non-uremic polycystic kidney disease. Renal cyst epithelial transport of organic molecules was investigated during three separate cyst drainage procedures in a non-uremic patient with polycystic kidney disease (PCKD). Following constant intravenous inulin infusion, four of eight sampled cysts achieved concentrations exceeding those expected by glomerular filtration alone. Likewise, cyst concentrations of the filtered radionuclide Tc DTP A were up to 3.7 times simultaneous plasma levels. Both PAH and I-131 hippuran accumulated in all cysts suggesting intact tubular secretory mechanisms. Quantitative amino acid levels in two proximal nephron cysts were identical to serum. Since concentrations of inulin, DTPA, and amino acids exceed levels expected if cystic nephrons had normal glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorptive properties, other mechanisms are likely. Simple diffusion across altered epithelial surfaces could partially account for the observed cyst concentrations of each organic molecule and, by ion trapping, contribute to progressive cyst growth in PCKD. Transport epithelial kystique renal dans la maladie polykystique renale non-uremique. Le transport epithelial kystique renal de molecules organiques a ete etudie pendant trois drainages kystiques separes chez un malade non uremique atteint de maladie polykystique (PCKD). Apres une perfusion constante intraveineuse d'inuline, les recueils de quartre sur huit kystes indiquaient des concentrations depassant celles attendues par la seule filtration glomerulaire. De meme, les concentrations kystiques du radionuclide Tc DTPA filtre atteignaient jusqu'a 3,7 fois les valeurs plasmatiques au meme moment. Le PAH et le I-131 hippuran s'accumulaient dans tous les kystes, suggerant des mecanismes secretoires tubulaires intacts. Les niveaux quantitatifs d'aminoacides dans deux kystes nephroniques proximaux etaient identiques au serum. Puisque les concentrations d'inuline, de DTPA et d'aminoacides depassent les niveaux attendus si les nephrons kystiques avaient une filtration glomerulaire normale et des proprietes de reabsorption tubulaire, d'autres mecanismes sont probables. La simple diffusion a travers des surfaces epitheliales alterees pourrait partiellement rendre compte des concentrations kystiques observees pour chaque molecule organique, et, par capture ionique, contribuer a la croissance progressive des kystes dans la PCKD.
Multimethod assessment of infant temperament : mother questionnaire and mother and observer reports evaluated and compared at five months using the infant temperament measure

This study of infant temperament had two goals. The first was to develop a design that allowed comparisons of global maternal opinion assessed via questionnaire, maternal report on direct observation, and observer report on direct observation of the same infant temperament behaviours. The second goal was to evaluate a common set of behaviours consensually thought to index temperament from these diverse perspectives. To meet these goals, individual variation, short-term stability, and convergence between mother and observer for a single series of temperament items were examined. On two home visits spaced six days apart, observers recorded infant behaviours during a structured series of vignettes, and mothers reported on those behaviours. Mothers also completed questionnaires corresponding to these assessments before the first and after the second home visit. Infants were five months old. Items were collected in the Infant Temperament Measure. Behavioural items in observational forms of the ITM proved psych...
The spacecraft “Fleet” to Comet Halley: An introduction

Questions related to the formation and the characteristics of comets are discussed, and it is suggested that an evolutionary link exists between comets, prebiotic organic synthesis, and the origin of life as it is known. Fundamental questions about the solar wind interaction with comets, are considered, giving attention to the ionization mechanisms in the different cometary regions, the presence of field-aligned currents, and the cometary plasma tail. It is pointed out that some of the questions will soon be answered when the NASA-ESA International Cometary Explorer (ICE) goes through the tail of Giacobini-Zinner in September 1985, and when a five spacecraft 'fleet' arrives at comet Halley in March 1986.
Application of the concentric annular flow model to blood flow in tapered tubes.

Abstract This work examines the application of the concentric annular flow model (CAF) to blood flow in small-diameter tapered tubes. An approximate pressure-flow relation is developed and its limitations are discussed. Comparisons between CAF in a tapering vessel and an equivalent cylindrical vessel are presented along with comparisons to pseudohomogeneous flow. The comparisons show that the error in the approximation of a tapered vessel by a cylindrical tube with a radius equal to the mean of the tapered tube increases with increasing radius ratio but decreases with increasing Bingham number. The results also show that for small-diameter tubes, the pressure drop for the CAF model is substantially lower than for the pseudohomogeneous flow model. The resulting pressure-flow relation is used to evaluate resistance ratios for comparison with in vitro perfusion experiments. The results suggest that in some cases, taper can influence the resistance ratio.
Private and Public Self-Consciousness in Clinical and Non-Clinical Samples.

Two studies were conducted to explore the nature of private and public self-consciousness, as measured by the 2 principal subscales of the Self-Consciousness Scale (SCS; Fenigstein, Scheier, & Buss, 1975). In the first study the effects of 2 common manipulations of self-awareness – the presence of a small mirror and a salient audience – on 60 college students' private and public SCS scores were investigated. Neither of these manipulations affected students’ scores on the 2 subscales, supporting the assumption that the private and public SCS subscales measure relatively stable traits or dispositions. In Study II, the SCS was administered to 120 psychiatric inpatients. No significant mean differences on either the private or public SCS subscales were found, although there were differences between clinical and nonclinical samples.
Comprehensive evaluation of differential gene expression analysis methods for RNA-seq data

A large number of computational methods have been developed for analyzing differential gene expression in RNA-seq data. We describe a comprehensive evaluation of common methods using the SEQC benchmark dataset and ENCODE data. We consider a number of key features, including normalization, accuracy of differential expression detection and differential expression analysis when one condition has no detectable expression. We find significant differences among the methods, but note that array-based methods adapted to RNA-seq data perform comparably to methods designed for RNA-seq. Our results demonstrate that increasing the number of replicate samples significantly improves detection power over increased sequencing depth.
Use and cost of breast imaging for postmenopausal women undergoing hormone replacement therapy.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use and associated costs of breast imaging studies for postmenopausal women undergoing hormone replacement therapy (HRT).Clinical findings, mammographic findings, and imaging studies performed on 1133 postmenopausal women during a 5-month period in 1996 were retrospectively reviewed. Cost was estimated using Medicare reimbursement rates.Of the 1133 women, 699 (62%) underwent HRT. The number of women with breast complaints was similar for those undergoing (n = 62, 9%) and not undergoing (n = 26, 6%) HRT. Benign findings were more common for women undergoing HRT (n = 186, 27%) than for women not undergoing HRT (n = 92, 21%) (p = .04). Masses were noted in 133 of the women undergoing HRT (19%), compared with 42 women not undergoing HRT (10%) (p < .000). Specifically, cysts were seen in 46 women undergoing HRT (7%), compared with five women not undergoing HRT (1%) (p < .0001). Diagnostic mammograms and sonograms were more commonly obtained in women undergoing HRT ...
Embryonic development in the mouse is enhanced via microchannel culture

Microfluidic devices (microchannels) have been fabricated and tested for embryo culture. Three different microfabrication materials (silicon, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and borosilicate) were used to fabricate the microchannels. The objective of this study was to determine if static microchannels permitted culture of mouse embryos to the blastocyst stage. Groups of 10 two-cell ICR × B6SJL/F1 mouse embryos were cultured for 96 hours in 4 different physical culture systems: 1) silicon/borosilicate microchannels, 2) PDMS/borosilicate microchannels, and 3) standard microdrops. Embryos cultured in the silicon/borosilicate and PDMS/borosilicate microchannels exhibited a faster rate of cleavage (P < 0.05), and produced more blastocysts (P < 0.01) than control microdrops. Furthermore, microchannels had a lower percentage of degenerated embryos than control embryos (P < 0.01). The results suggest that the microchannel culture systems may provide a culture environment that more closely mimics the in vivo environment.
(Acetonitrile){hydridotris[3,5‐bis­(trifluoro­meth­yl)‐1‐pyrazol­yl]borato}copper(I)

The title compound, [Cu(C15H4BF18N6)(C2H3N)] or [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]CuI(CH3CN), was synthesized from [CuI(CF3SO3)]2·C6H5CH3 and [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]Na(H2O) in CH2Cl2/CH3CN. The CuI atom adopts a distorted tetra­hedral geometry and is coordinated by four N atoms, three N atoms from the tridentate tris­(pyrazol­yl)borate ligand [Cu—N = 2.0992 (12) A] and one N atom from acetonitrile [Cu—N = 1.888 (3) A]. The acetonitrile ligand is linear. The Cu atom, acetonitrile ligand, B and its attached H atom lie on a crystallographic threefold rotation axis.
Photodesorption of NH3 from GaAs. A resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization study

Abstract The photodesorption of NH 3 from GaAs(100) at 193 nm has been characterized using 2+1 resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectroscopy via the intermediate B state. The final state distribution of photodesorbed NH 3 is nonthermal: the translational and rotational distributions can be approximated by Boltzmann temperatures of T trans =300±30 and T rot =350±50 K, respectively, with a relative population of 6%±2% in the v 2 =1 vibrational level (or T vib =490±60 K). Possible energy transfer mechanisms responsible for desorption are discussed.
Does transpiration decrease as the soil moisture decreases

This paper gives results obtained from a prune tree and from a pine tree grown in a suspended tank that permitted the obtaining of a continuous record of moisture loss from the soil. Additional results from field trials with pine, oak, and manzanita on a watershed area and from apricot and prune trees under cultivation show that the rate of moisture extraction from the soil is not influenced by the water in the soil so long as the latter is above the permanent wilting percentage.
The duty to rescue and the limits of confidentiality.

Kenneth Kipnis's “A Defense of Unqualified Medical Confidentiality” provides an excellent analysis to some of the most troubling questions concerning the extent to which a physician should protect ...
The use of MMR, diversity-based reranking for reordering documents and producing summaries

This paper presents a method for combining query-relevance with information-novelty in the context of text retrieval and summarization. The Maximal Marginal Relevance (MMR) criterion strives to reduce redundancy while maintaining query relevance in re-ranking retrieved documents and in selecting apprw priate passages for text summarization. Preliminary results indicate some benefits for MMR diversity ranking in document retrieval and in single document summarization. The latter are borne out by the recent results of the SUMMAC conference in the evaluation of summarization systems. However, the clearest advantage is demonstrated in constructing non-redundant multi-document summaries, where MMR results are clearly superior to non-MMR passage selection.
The Distribution and Neurochemistry of the Parathyroid Hormone 2 Receptor in the Rat Hypothalamus

This study reports the distribution of parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (PTH2R)-immunoreactive fibers in the hypothalamus using fluorescent amplification immunocytochemistry. The pattern of immunolabeling is strikingly similar to that of tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39), a peptide recently purified from bovine hypothalamus and proposed to be a ligand of the PTH2R based on pharmacological data. To investigate the anatomical basis of suggestions that TIP39 affects the secretion of several hypophysiotropic hormones we performed double-labeling studies and found that only somatostatin fibers contain PTH2R in the median eminence, which suggests that somatostatin release could be directly regulated via the PTH2R. However, several hypothalamic nuclei projecting to the median eminence contain a high density of both TIP39 and PTH2R fibers and terminals. We report here, that the PTH2R terminals also contain vesicular glutamate transporter−2, and suggest that TIP39 terminals are ideally positioned to modulate glutamatergic influences on hypophysiotropic neurons.
Calcium ionophore-stimulated chemiluminescence (CL) from human granulocytes: Evidence that A23187-induced chemiluminescence originates from arachidonic acid metabolism

Abstract A23187 (calcium ionophore)-induced-granulocyte chemiluminescence is 1. (1) dependent on calmodulin (calcium binding protein) but independent of the oxidative burst, 2. (2) mainly due to arachidonate release from cellular phospholipids and subsequent metabolism, 3. (3) is not caused by the oxidative burst that accompanies various receptor stimulants. Sequential addition of A23187 followed by FMLP produces two different depolarizations of the membrane and two sequential peaks of chemiluminescence. It may be suggested that the origin of A23187 CL is mainly arachidonate metabolism while FMLP CL has at least two origins; oxidative burst and arachidonate metabolism.
The successful treatment of autoimmune hepatitis with 6-mercaptopurine after failure with azathioprine

Although the treatment of choice for autoimmune hepatitis is glucocorticoids, their side effects make long-term use undesirable. Therefore, other immunosuppressive agents have been used to replace glucocorticoids in the long-term treatment of autoimmune hepatitis, including azathioprine, a purine analogue. It is derived from 6-mercaptopurine, and these two drugs are often used interchangeably. However, these drugs have different toxicity profiles and may have clinically relevant differences in immunosuppressive activity in individual patients. We report 3 patients with autoimmune hepatitis who either could not tolerate or failed to improve on azathioprine but responded well to 6-mercaptopurine.
Two-component model of an atomic-beam light source*

A simple two-component (beam + background) model for the frequency distribution of a resonance line excited by electron bombardment in an atomic-beam light source is described. The model is used to interpret the observed emission of the 1048- and 1067-A resonance lines of argon. The model parameters provide information about the effective collimation of the beam, recoil broadening of the line shape, and the effects of background gas in the light source.
Towards Defect-Tolerant Nanoscale Architectures

Nanoscale computing systems show great potential but at the same time introduce new challenges not encountered in the world of conventional CMOS designs and manufacturing. For example, these systems need to work around layout and doping constraints resulting from bottom-up self-assembly manufacturing, and need to cope with high manufacturing defect rates and transient faults. Unfortunately, most conventional defect-tolerance techniques are not directly applicable in nanoscale systems because they have been designed for very small defect rates. In this paper, we explore built-in defect-tolerance techniques on 2-D semiconductor nanowire (NW) arrays to make designs self-healing. Our approach combines circuit and system-level techniques and it does not require defect map extraction, reconfigurable devices, or addressing each cross-point similar to reconfigurable approaches. We show that a defect-tolerant simple processor based on our approach would be still around 3X denser than an 18-nm CMOS version with equivalent functionality; a yield greater than 30% can be achieved despite a fabric with 14% defective FETs.
The Potent Adjuvant Activity of Archaeosomes Correlates to the Recruitment and Activation of Macrophages and Dendritic Cells In Vivo

The unique glycerolipids of Archaea can be formulated into vesicles (archaeosomes) with potent adjuvant activity. We studied the effect of archaeosomes on APCs to elucidate the mechanism(s) of adjuvant action. Exposure of J774A.1 macrophages to archaeosomes in vitro resulted in up-regulation of B7.1, B7.2, and MHC class II molecules to an extent comparable to that achieved with LPS. Similarly, incubation of bone marrow-derived DCs with archaeosomes resulted in enhanced expression of MHC class II and B7.2 molecules. In contrast, conventional liposomes made from ester phospholipids failed to modulate the expression of these activation markers. APCs treated with archaeosomes exhibited increased TNF production and functional ability to stimulate allogenic T cell proliferation. More interestingly, archaeosomes enhanced APC recruitment and activation in vivo. Intraperitoneal injection of archaeosomes into mice led to recruitment of Mac1alpha(+), F4/80(+) and CD11c(+) cells. The expression of MHC class II on the surface of peritoneal cells was also enhanced. Furthermore, peritoneal cells from archaeosome-injected mice strongly enhanced allo-T cell proliferation and cytokine production. The ability of archaeosome-treated APCs to stimulate T cells was restricted to Mac1alpha(high), B220(-) cells in the peritoneum. These Mac1alpha(high) cells in the presence of GM-CSF gave rise to both F4/80(+) (macrophage) and CD11c(+) (dendritic) populations. Overall, the activation of APCs correlated to the ability of archaeosomes to induce strong humoral, T helper, and CTL responses to entrapped Ag. Thus, the recruitment and activation of professional APCs by archaeosomes constitutes an efficient self-adjuvanting process for induction of Ag-specific responses to encapsulated Ags.
Efficient computation of minimum exposure paths in a sensor network field

The exposure of a path p is a measure of the likelihood that an object traveling along p is detected by a network of sensors and it is formally defined as an integral over all points x of p of the sensibility (the strength of the signal coming from x) times the element of path length. The minimum exposure path (MEP) problem is, given a pair of points x and y inside a sensor field, find a path between x and y of a minimum exposure. In this paper we introduce the first rigorous treatment of the problem, designing an approximation algorithm for the MEP problem with guaranteed performance characteristics. Given a convex polygon P of size n with O(n) sensors inside it and any real number Ɛ > 0, our algorithm finds a path in P whose exposure is within an 1 + Ɛ factor of the exposure of the MEP, in time O(n/Ɛ2ψ), where ψ is a topological characteristic of the field. We also describe a framework for a faster implementation of our algorithm, which reduces the time by a factor of approximately Θ(1/Ɛ), by keeping the same approximation ratio.
Urinary Tract Infection Syndromes Occurrence, Recurrence, Bacteriology, Risk Factors, and Disease Burden

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections, accounting for 0.9% of all ambulatory visits in the United States. This review defines the major UTI syndromes, their occurrence and recurrence, bacteriology, risk factors, and disease burden.
Fully-monolithic, 600°C differential amplifiers in 6H-SiC JFET IC technology

A family of fully-integrated differential amplifiers was designed and fabricated in 6H-SiC, n-channel JFET integrated-circuit technology. A single-stage amplifier with resistor loads has gain-bandwidth of ∼2.8 MHz, and differential-mode gain that varies by less than 1 dB from 25–600°C. A two-stage amplifier with current-source loads and common-mode feedback in 1st-stage, and resistor loads in 2nd-stage has gain-bandwidth of 1.4 MHz, and differential-mode gain of 69 dB at 576°C, with just 3.6 dB gain-variation from 25–576°C.
An efficient method for computing nodes and weights of Gaussian-Zernike quadrature

The properties of the underlying Zernike-circle polynomials of the Gaussian-Zernike quadrature are investigated, and an extremely efficient method for computing the nodes and weights is devised. In contrast to the "sequential" method that computes the nodes and weights of a given order based on those of one order lower, the present method eliminates this dependency, and allows direct computation of the nodes and weights for any given order. Therefore, an implementation of the present method can be embedded in application programs in order to calculate the Gaussian-Zernike quadrature formula on the fly. Another advantage of the present method is that it is easy to implement. This new method of evaluating nodes and weights facilitates application of the Gaussian-Zernike quadrature to large antennas, for which the advantages resulted from the reduced number of sampling points become remarkable. Examples of physical optics (PO) analysis for very large reflector antennas are demonstrated.
Polymer hydrogenation in pulsed flow systems with extrusion

The hydrogenation of poly(styrene) over a Pd/Al2O3 catalyst was studied in reactors where pulsed flows are present due to both extrusion and forced pulsing. The reaction was investigated over a range of flow rates, polymer concentrations, and pulsing conditions. Observed activities were highly related to gas-to-liquid mass transfer rates predicted by a correlation for slug flow in catalyst monoliths. A reactor fed by a liquid-starved extruder is an attractive choice for hydrogenation at low polymer concentrations, where intrinsic reaction rates are approached. Higher polymer concentrations (10 wt %) lead to higher mass transfer resistances and a decrease in observed activity. But in this case forced pulsing has a greater effect on productivity; an optimum pulsing frequency was observed. Selectivity was higher and power input lower than in a stirred tank at comparable conditions. The optimal frequency is higher than those found in previous work on hydrogenations. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Transient decrease in F-actin may be necessary for translocation of proteins into dendritic spines

It remains poorly understood as to how newly synthesized proteins that are required to act at specific synapses are translocated into only selected subsets of potentiated dendritic spines. Here, we report that F-actin, a major component of the skeletal structure of dendritic spines, may contribute to the regulation of synaptic specificity of protein translocation. We found that the stabilization of F-actin blocked the translocation of GFP-CaMKII and inhibited the diffusion of 3-kDa dextran into spines (in 2-3 weeks cultures). Neuronal activation in hippocampal slices and cultured neurons led to an increase in the activation (decrease in the phosphorylation) of the actin depolymerization factor, cofilin, and a decrease in F-actin. Furthermore, the induction of long-term potentiation by tetanic stimulation induced local transient depolymerization of F-actin both in vivo and in hippocampal slices (8-10 weeks), and this local F-actin depolymerization was blocked by APV, a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. These results suggest that F-actin may play a role in synaptic specificity by allowing protein translocation into only potentiated spines, gated through its depolymerization, which is probably triggered by the activation of NMDA receptors.
Flow of steam‐water mixutures in a heated annulus and through orifices

Values of total pressure drop are presented for the flow of vaporizing water in an internally heated 1-in. I.D. by 1½-in. O.D. annulus at mass velocities of 270 to 1,440, lb./(sec.)(sq.ft.), pressures of 9 to 180 lb./sq. in., and up to 0.34 fraction by weight vaporized. The total heated length over which boiling took place was as large as 6 ft. There is no evidence of “sonic” pressure jumps at the outlet. The results for the annulus mentioned lie within +30 to −11% of the Lockhart-Martinelli curve at higher qualities and with ±45% of the correlation at lower qualities where the actual quality is more uncertain. A simplified correlation in terms of quality and volume fraction of liquid predicted the two-phase frictional pressure drops with an average error of 41%. It was found that the ratio of the two-phase pressure drop through a 0.3-in. orifice to the drop with no vaporization was approximately a linear function of the quality in the vena contracta but was only one tenth to one third as great as would be predicted if the mixture were to expand as a homogeneous fluid. Prediction of orifice presure drops is improved if slip between vapor and liquid is considered.
The French Social Contract: Conflict amid Cooperation

The period from 1945 to 1973 has been aptly dubbed a "golden age of capitalism" by Eric Hobsbawm. At no time in previous history have the major industrial nations experienced such rapid economic growth and ris ing living standards. Certainly one of the underpinnings of this growth was a social contract, implicit or explicit, between capital, labor, and govern ment in the nations concerned. The basic elements of such contracts are apparent, although they varied considerably in scope in each of the coun tries in which they appeared. Social welfare legislation passed immediately after the war gave governments responsibility for social security, unemploy ment insurance, medical care, housing, and the maintenance of full em ployment. Managers of major industrial enterprises granted increased wages to their workers in exchange for higher productivity, while labor unions enforced no-strike discipline on their members. Governments en tered into these contracts, working formally and informally with both capi tal and labor through legislation, bureaucratic regulation, and informal jawboning. The elements of the contract were perhaps clearest in Great Britain and West Germany, but in its broad outlines the contract was char acteristic of Benelux, the Scandinavian nations, the United States, and Japan as well. In the case of France, though, most analysts have argued that a social contract, and indeed the very basis of what today is commonly called "corporatism," were absent. I argue the opposite here. France was in many ways corporatist, and it had a social contract of a sort between business, labor, and government during its capitalist golden age. The predominant view incorporates the notion that efforts to con struct a social contract were not successful in France in the postwar period. By "social contract" is meant a corporatist or "Fordist" system of mass production based on an economy of growth, as well as the incorporation of the working class through its conversion to a belief in the gospel of produc tivity accompanied by rising real wages. In France, the traditional view holds, the government controlled wages and raised them regularly, thus creating the consumption that propelled the system. The working class historically was fragmented into rival unions, and a part of it never really integrated except in the negative sense. Before the war the stalemated society, based on an implicit understanding between the tradition-bound peasantry and an equally conservative bourgeoisie, kept the working class relatively isolated politically, which led to its being attracted first to anar chosyndicalism and then to communism, in either case antisystem. In the