cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Current state-of-the-art of device therapy for advanced heart failure

Heart failure remains one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The advent of mechanical circulatory support devices has allowed significant improvements in patient survival and quality of life for those with advanced or end-stage heart failure. We provide a general overview of past and current mechanical circulatory support devices encompassing options for both short- and long-term ventricular support.
Spatial analysis of discrete plenoptic sampling

Plenoptic cameras are intended to fully capture the light rays in a scene. Using this information, optical elements can be applied to a scene computationally rather than physically-allowing an infinite variety of pictures to be rendered after the fact from the same plenoptic data. Practical plenoptic cameras necessarily capture discrete samples of the plenoptic function, which together with the overall camera design, can constrain the variety and quality of rendered images. In this paper we specifically analyze the nature of the discrete data that plenoptic cameras capture, in a manner that unifies the traditional and focused plenoptic camera designs. We use the optical properties of plenoptic cameras to derive the geometry of discrete plenoptic function capture. Based on this geometry, we derive expressions for expected resolution from a captured plenoptic function. Our analysis allows us to define the "focused plenoptic condition," a necessary condition in the optical design that distinguishes the traditional plenoptic camera from the focused plenoptic camera.
Concentration of biologically active polyamines in rabbit meat, liver and kidney after slaughter and their changes during meat storage and cooking.

Abstract The concentration of putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM) was determined in chilled meat and kidneys of 18 rabbits and in liver of 12 animals 24 h after slaughter. Very low PUT concentrations were detected only in kidneys. Mean SPD levels were 2.2, 2.2, 61.7 and 32.7 mg kg − 1 in saddle, leg, liver and kidneys, respectively. The respective SPM concentrations were 14.7, 8.0, 115 and 88.4 mg kg − 1 . SPD and SPM losses of about one third of the initial levels were apparent in saddles stored at − 18 °C for 8 months. Losses of both polyamines of about 15–20% of the initial concentrations were found in saddles stored aerobically at + 2 °C for up to 9 days. Stewing of saddles caused significant SPD and SPM losses of about 20–25%, while upon roasting and pan-roasting without oil a decrease of about 50% of the initial concentration was observed.
Myocardial Toxicity Produced by Desipramine Overdosage

A 24-year-old woman who attempted suicide with 2,000 mg of desipramine, developed cardiotoxicity manifested by intra-atrial and intraventricular conduction defects and ST-T abnormalities compatible with subendocardial injury. It is believed that these manifestations are the result of a direct toxic effect on the myocardium. Since there is no specific antidote to desipramine, treatment of cardiac complications of overdosage should be directed towards better oxygenation and improvement in contractility of the myocardium. It is also suggested that desipramine be given cautiously to patients with limited coronary reserve.
Effect of time and sex on tissue selenium concentrations in chicks fed practical diets supplemented with sodium selenite or calcium selenite.

An experiment was conducted with 384 1-d-old male and female broiler-chicks. The basal corn-soybean meal diet (.07 ppm Se DM basis) was supplemented with 0, .1, .2, or .3 ppm added Se as either sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) or calcium selenite (CaSeO3), and fed for 1, 3, or 5 wk. There was no effect of Se source or level on feed intake or gain, but males consumed more (P less than .01) feed than females. There was no effect (P greater than .10) of sex or Se source on plasma, liver, or kidney Se concentration. The Se concentration of all tissues increased (P less than .01) with time and increasing dietary Se concentration. Based on multiple regression slope ratios of liver, kidney, and plasma Se concentrations, Se from CaSeO3 was as available (103%) as Se from Na2SeO3.
Alternatives to mifepristone regimens for medical abortion.

Abstract Alternatives to regimens with mifepristone and a prostaglandin analog for medical abortion emerged because of the need for accessible, effective, and safe options in areas of the world where mifepristone was unavailable. Studies of oral or intramuscular methotrexate combined with misoprostol have demonstrated complete abortion rates in the same range as mifepristone regimens at ≤49 days’ gestation. The overall abortion process with methotrexate and misoprostol takes longer, however, with 20% to 30% of women requiring from 1 to 5 weeks for the abortion to occur. Multiple investigators have confirmed the safety, efficacy, and acceptability of various methotrexate and misoprostol regimens. Recent reports suggest that misoprostol alone may have similar efficacy, but with significantly higher rates of side effects. Randomized trials are needed to directly compare the clinical efficacies and acceptabilities of available medical abortion regimens. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:S54-S64.)
Synergism of multispectral satellite observations for estimating regional land surface evaporation

Abstract The global water cycle is perhaps the most important of all the biogeochemical cycles, and land surface evaporation, which is a significant component of the water cycle, is also linked with heat and carbon cycles. Long-term, regional and global land surface evaporation have been computed using meteorological and river runoff data, although much uncertainties remain due to inadequacy of the input data. Multispectral observations could aid in estimating evaporation by providing spatially representative, multitemporal data for surface characteristics and fluxes. Estimation of evaporation using the residual method with coarse resolution multispectral satellite observations in the optical region is briefly reviewed. Then, semiempirical equations are used to relate unstressed transpiration to potential evaporation and vegetation indices, and correlations among multispectral data are discussed in the context of estimating evaporation.
Benthic foraminifera of bathyal hydrocarbon vents of the Gulf of Mexico: Initial report on communities and stable isotopes

Substrates associated with active hydrocarbon vents in bathyal Gulf of Mexico support numerous foraminiferal species, with a few of them showing unusually high relative abundances. In the 584- to 695-m-depth range,Bolivina ordinaria, Gavelinopsis translucens, andCassidulina neocarinata strongly dominate the vent community, whereasBolivina subaenariensis andUvigerina laevis play this role around a vent at 216 m water depth. The bathymetric imprint on the foraminiferal record is also seen in theδ18O compositions of some species, includingUvigerina peregrina. The adaptation of foraminiferal communities to bacterial (Beggiatoa) mats, in which the redox boundary is very close to the sediment—water interface, and anomalous depletions of13C inU. peregrina (relative to the same species from nonventing sites) indicate that several species are probably facultative anaerobes and tolerant of H2S toxicity.
Fundamentals of exergy analysis, entropy generation minimization, and the generation of flow architecture

This paper outlines the fundamentals of the methods of exergy analysis and entropy generation minimization (or thermodynamic optimization—the minimization of exergy destruction). The paper begins with a review of the concept of irreversibility, entropy generation, or exergy destruction. Examples illustrate the accounting for exergy flows and accumulation in closed systems, open systems, heat transfer processes, and power and refrigeration plants. The proportionality between exergy destruction and entropy generation sends the designer in search of improved thermodynamic performance subject to finite-size constraints and specified environmental conditions. Examples are drawn from energy storage systems for sensible heat and latent heat, solar energy, and the generation of maximum power in a power plant model with finite heat transfer surface inventory. It is shown that the physical structure (geometric configuration, topology) of the system springs out of the process of global thermodynamic optimization subject to global constraints. This principle generates structure not only in engineering but also in physics and biology (constructal theory). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Allelic imbalance in oral lichen planus and assessment of its classification as a premalignant condition

OLP is a relatively common immune-mediated mucosal condition with a predilection for middle-aged women. Although classified as a premalignant condition, this classification remains controversial. Using stringent diagnostic criteria, some authors have found that OLP patients are not at increased risk for oral SCC. Credible but limited genetic evidence also indicates that epithelial tissues from OLP patients diagnosed using stringent criteria differs from premalignant or malignant oral lesions but is similar to epithelium from benign oral lesions. To further investigate this genetic line of evidence, biopsy specimens diagnosed as fibroma, OLP, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, and SCC were retrieved from the archives of the Oral Pathology Consultants at the Ohio State University. Using laser capture microdissection, tissue of interest was captured from each case and DNA subsequently extracted. Fluorescently labeled PCR primers were used to amplify DNA at 3 tumor suppressor gene loci (3p14.2, 9p21, and 17p13) and evaluated for LOH or microsatellite instability (MSI). OLP was found to be significantly different from low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, and SCC when LOH/MSI was found at more than 1 loci (P = .011, P = .032, P = .003), but not different from benign fibromas (P = .395). In agreement with previous studies, well-documented cases of OLP diagnosed using stringent criteria exhibit a genetic profile more similar to a benign or reactive process than a premalignant/malignant one. These findings do not support the classification of OLP as a premalignant condition.
Synthesis and Characterization of a 1:6 Au−CdSe Nanocomposite

Development of synthetic strategies that allow the formation of controlled 3-dimensional architectures composed of discrete ensembles of nanoparticles is a challenging goal. We present a synthetic strategy that allows the preparation of a macroscopic 3-D metal−semiconductor assemblage composed of 6.0-nm Au and 6.0-nm CdSe nanoparticles cross-linked by a bifunctional organic spacer. Optical absorption and electron microscopy imaging, coupled to electron diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, indicate a 1:6 Au−CdSe composite that appears to be uniform over a micrometer scale. The 1:6 structure is believed to be a close-packed structure which arises from a combination of soft-sphere packing forces due to van der Waals and steric forces, and thermodynamic forces due to an acid/base controlled selective interaction of the organic headgroup moieties with the nanoparticle surfaces.
Once daily esomperazole and twice daily lansoprazole for nocturnal heartburn in patients with GERD

Once daily esomperazole and twice daily lansoprazole for nocturnal heartburn in patients with GERD
Does Integration of Induction Chemotherapy to Concurrent Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy Improve Outcomes for Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer? A Retrospective Comparison of Patients Treated on Prospective Clinical Trials

Results: Median follow up for patients treated with SEQ was 41.5 months and 39.5 months for CRT. Karnofsky performance status (KPS) was more likely to be\90 for patients in the SEQ group ( p= 0.04). Additionally, SEQ patients were more likely to be treated with altered fractionation radiotherapy (p\0.001) and were therefore more likely to have a shorter radiotherapy treatment time (p \ 0.001). Otherwise, there were no significant differences between treatment groups. At 3 years there were no significant differences in LRC (70.4% v. 71.2%, p= 0.87), DMFS (86.9% v. 76.9%, p= 0.41), or OS (63.1% v. 57.2%, p= 0.34) between CRT or SEQ groups respectively. Use of SEQ therapy was not associated with improvements in LRC, DMFS, or OS on multivariate analysis. Conclusions: In this retrospective analysis of patients with LAHNC treated on prospective clinical trials, SEQ therapy was not associated with gains in LRC, DMFS, or OS compared with CRT.
Nonlinear Characterization by Harmonic Generation: An Alternative Technique for Measuring Intermodulation Distortions

The same intrinsic nonlinear property that produces intermodulation distortion from two or more excitation tones, also produces harmonic generation from a single excitation tone. The measurement of one of these distortions, therefore, can be used to derive the results of the other. We have configured, tested and qualified an experimental setup to measure the nonlinear properties by harmonic generation using a broadband 50 ? transmission line as the test device. This setup has a 50 dB dynamic range enhancement over the intermodulation measurement setup. The harmonic generation technique was used to characterize a high temperature superconducting (HTS) coplanar transmission line. The input power at 1.5 GHz versus the output power for a 30 ?m by 5mm TI2Ba2CaCu2O8 coplanar transmission line was measured at 50, 70,77 and 85 K. At 77 K, the 2nd order intercept (SOI) was +136 dBm, the 3rd order intercept (TOI) was +75 dBm. At the maximum input power that this HTS device can handle, +43 dBm, the 3rd harmonic was -65 dBc, just within the 75dB dynamic range for the two tone intermodulation measurement. The unexpected nonlinear performance of this HTS device would have been missed by an intermodulation measurement.
Nerve fiber conduction-velocity distributions. II. Estimation based on two compound action potentials

A method is presented for estimating nerve fiber conduction velocity distributions from non-invasive measurements of the compound action potential at two distinct locations separated by a known distance along the nerve bundle. This method is based on a model of the compound action potential as a weighted sum of delayed single-fiber action potentials, but does not require explicit knowledge of the single-fiber action potential wave shapes in order to yield a unique estimate of the conduction velocity distribution. Illustrative examples are presented from normal and diseases nerves. This method appears to have clinical applications in the electrophysiological assessment of peripheral nerve function.
The organization of the thalamocortical connections of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus in the rat, related to the ventral forebrain–prefrontal cortex topography

The medial and central segments of the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus (MD) receive afferents from the ventral forebrain, including the piriform cortex, the ventral pallidum, and the amygdaloid complex. Because MD is reciprocally interconnected with prefrontal and agranular insular cortical areas, it provides a relay of ventral forebrain activity to these cortical areas. However, there are also direct projections from the piriform cortex and the amygdala to the prefrontal and agranular insular cortices. This study addresses whether this system has a "triangular" organization, such that structures in the ventral forebrain project to interconnected areas in MD and the prefrontal/insular cortex. The thalamocortical projections of MD have been studied in experiments with injections of retrograde tracers into prefrontal or agranular insular cortical areas. In many of the same experiments, projections from the ventral forebrain to MD and to the prefrontal/insular cortex have been demonstrated with anterograde axonal tracers. The connections of the piriform cortex (PC) with MD and the prefrontal/insular cortex form an organized triangular system. The PC projections to the central and medial segments of MD and to the lateral orbital cortex (LO) and the ventral and posterior agranular insular cortices (AIv and AIp) are topographically organized, such that more caudal parts of PC tend to project more medially in MD and more caudally within the orbital/insular cortex. The central and medial portions of MD also send matching, topographically organized projections to LO, AIv and AIp, with more medial parts of MD projecting further caudally. The anterior cortical nucleus of the amygdala (COa) also projects to the dorsal part of the medial segment of MD and to its cortical targets, the medial orbital area (MO) and AIp. The projections of the basal/accessory basal amygdaloid nuclei to MD and to prefrontal cortex, and from MD to amygdaloceptive parts of prefrontal cortex, are not as tightly organized. Amygdalothalamic afferents in MD are concentrated in the dorsal half of the medial segment. Cells in this part of the nucleus project to the amygdaloceptive prelimbic area (PL) and AIp. However, other amygdaloceptive prefrontal areas are connected to parts of MD that do not receive fibers from the amygdala. Ventral pallidal afferents are distributed to all parts of the central and medial segments of MD, overlapping with the fibers from the amygdala and piriform cortex. Fibers from other parts of the pallidum, or related areas such as the substantia nigra, pars reticulata, terminate in the lateral and ventral parts of MD, where they overlap with inputs from the superior colliculus and other brainstem structures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Viral RNA export

Viruses can express intron-containing and intronless mRNAs, which are exported by alternative pathways. The study of the nuclear export of these unconventional mRNAs can provide key insights into the normal process of nuclear export and the alternative pathways provide an attractive target for the development of specific antiviral therapies.
A Chandra observation of the nearby sculptor group Sd galaxy NGC 7793

We present the results of a Chandra observation made of the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 7793: the effective exposure time of this observation was 49094 seconds. Twenty-two discrete sources were identified at a minimum of a 3 $\sigma$ level to an estimated limiting luminosity of ∼ $2\times10^{36}$ ergs sec $^{-1}$ . We have performed a spectral analysis of the known ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) in this galaxy: statistically-acceptable fits to the spectrum can be obtained with either a power law model, a bremsstrahlung model or a DISKBB model. We have also searched for counterparts at multiple wavelengths to these sources: based on this search, we have classified two supernova remnants, one HII region and two foreground stars.
Local Responses to Federal Grants: Evidence from the Introduction of Title I in the South

*We analyze the effects of the introduction of Title I of the 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act, a large federal grants program designed to increase poor students’ educational services and achievement. We focus on the South, the poorest region of the country. Title I increased school spending by $0.50 on the dollar in the average southern school district and by more in districts with less ability to offset grants through local tax reductions. Title I-induced increases in school budgets appear to have reduced high school dropout rates of whites, but not blacks. (JEL H52, H75, I21, I28, J15)
Quantum nonlinear Schrödinger equation: Two solutions

Abstract The quantum nonlinear Schrodinger equation (QNLS) has attracted much attention recently as a simplest exactly soluble nonlinear model of the quantum field theory in 1 + 1 space-time. There are two approaches in the literature to solution of QNLS. One is a quantization prescription for the solution of classical nonlinear Schrodinger equation by the inverse scattering method. It is called the quantum inverse method (QIM). The other is an elaboration of the Bethe Ansatz technique. It is called the method of intertwining operators (MIO). The two approaches produce formally different expansions for the QNLS field and for certain Fock space operators associated with it. In this work we give a comparative exposition of both methods. We then show that the QIM expansions and the MIO expansions define the same operators on Fock space.
Effects of subacute lead exposure on [3H]MK-801 binding in hippocampus and cerebral cortex in the adult rat.

We used the NMDA receptor non-competitive antagonist, [3H]MK-801, as a ligand for an autoradiographic study to determine the effects of lead on NMDA receptor in the rat brain. Adult male rats were administered lead acetate, 100 mg/kg, or sodium acetate, 36 mg/kg (control), by i.p. for 7 days. High lead levels were detected in blood (41.1 microg/dl) and in brain (16.7-29.4 microg/g). Concentrations of lead in brain regions were not significantly different. The [3H]MK-801 binding was heterogeneously distributed throughout the rat brain with the following order of binding densities: hippocampal formation > cortex > caudate-putamen > thalamus > brainstem. Lead exposure produced a significant decrease in [3H]MK-801 binding to the NMDA receptor in the hippocampal formation including CA2 stratum radiatum, CA3 stratum radiatum, hilus dentate gyrus and presubiculum, and in the cerebral cortex including agranular insular, cingulate, entorhinal, orbital, parietal and perirhinal areas. The hippocampal formation is known as a critical neural structure for learning and memory processes, whereas, cortical and subcortical regions have been demonstrated to be involved in the modulation of complex behavioral processes. The NMDA receptor has been demonstrated to play a key role in synaptic plasticity underlying learning and memory. Lead-induced alterations of NMDA receptors in the hippocampal formation and cortical areas may play a role in lead-induced neurotoxicity.
Combined magnetic ion exchange and cation exchange for removal of DOC and hardness

Abstract The overall goal of this research was to evaluate an innovative combined ion-exchange process for multi-contaminant treatment. Magnetically enhanced anion exchange resin and conventional cation exchange resin were used in a single completely mixed vessel for simultaneous removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and hardness. Following treatment, exhausted anion exchange resin and cation exchange resin were regenerated together in a single completely mixed vessel using sodium chloride (NaCl). The performance of the combined ion-exchange process was evaluated using three groundwaters and two nanofiltration (NF) membrane concentrates. The test waters provided a wide range of water quality in terms of DOC (2.9–56 mg/L), total hardness (300–1000 mg/L as CaCO3), and sulfate (10–830 mg/L). Combined ion-exchange treatment of groundwater achieved 76% DOC removal and 97% total hardness removal using a 20% (m/v) NaCl regeneration solution. Combined ion-exchange also achieved high removals of DOC (e.g., 83%) and total hardness (e.g., 86%) from NF concentrate using a 30% (m/v) NaCl regeneration solution. These results provide water treatment engineers with a new application of ion-exchange that can be used in place coagulation and precipitative softening or as an intermediate treatment step between primary and secondary NF or reverse osmosis membranes.
A microprecipitation technique suitable for measuring α‐lipoprotein cholesterol

A semi-automated method has been developed for determining α-lipoprotein cholesterol values. Precipitation of apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins takes place in wells of microtiter plates after 100 μL of serum are mixed with 20 μL of a heparin/MnCl2 solution. A Beckman (Fullerton, CA) Biomek 1000 work station is used to transfer sera, supernatants and reagents between tubes and microtiter plates. Supernatant cholesterol is determined enzymatically, and absorbances are read at 490 nm using a Molecular Devices Corporation (Palo Alto, CA) plate reader. Values obtained on both fresh and frozen serum samples agreed with corresponding data obtained at the Centers for Disease Control (CDC; Atlanta, GA). For the fresh samples, the average bias was 2.87%. The within-run coefficients of variations were between 2.2 and 0.6% for the data obtained on CDC frozen control pools. The results indicate that the semi-automated method is suitable for obtaining accurate and precise data for α-lipoprotein cholesterol. The method lends itself to the analysis of large numbers of samples and is particularly suited for the study of lipoproteins of small mammals.
Maturation of the goldfish preoptic area: ultrastructural correlates of position and maturation of neurosecretory cells.

Abstract A gradation of small rostral to larger caudal neurosecretory cells is found in the preoptic area of fish. Regional variations in ultrastructural features were assessed in this region of fish ranging widely in size (1.7–283.1 g), some of which had received intraperitoneal injections of horseradish peroxidase in order to label neurons projecting beyond the blood-brain barrier (i.e. neurosecretory cells). In small (≤6.6. g) fish, neurosecretory cells of the caudal preoptic area were 10–15 μm in diameter and contained dense core vesicles. More rostral smaller cells had few or no dense core vesicles, but were labeled following intraperitoneal horseradish peroxidase injections. Cells in both areas were progressively larger, with larger nuclei and more granular reticulum in larger fish. In large fish, neurons that contained dense core vesicles ranged from 10 μm in diameter rostrally to 70 μm in diameter caudally. Some intermediate and large cells were extensively vacuolated and contained extremely convoluted and possibly multiple nuclei. Degenerating material was seen in apparently normal large fish. A few neurosecretory cells were extensively surrounded by perineuronal electron-dense glial cells. Most neurosecretory cells were involved in extensive soma-somatic apposition, which was especially pronounced in fish which were removed from cold water in late fall. Gap junctions were also clearly present on the somata of preoptic neurosecretory cells of these fall fish. These data imply that increased capacity for hormone secretion in large fish may be accomplished in part by neuronal hypertrophy. Maturational and seasonal variation in structure suggest that physiological characteristics are also variable in this nucleus.
Physics of the Solar Wind-Local Interstellar Medium Interaction: Role of Magnetic Fields

The interaction of the solar wind with the local interstellar medium is characterized by the self-consistent coupling of solar wind plasma, both upstream and downstream of the heliospheric termination shock, the interstellar plasma, and the neutral atom component of interstellar and solar wind origin. The complex coupling results in the creation of new plasma components (pickup ions), turbulence, and anomalous cosmic rays, and new populations of neutral atoms and their coupling can lead to energetic neutral atoms that can be detected at 1 AU. In this review, we discuss the interaction and coupling of global sized structures (the heliospheric boundary regions) and kinetic physics (the distributions that are responsible for the creation of energetic neutral atoms) based on models that have been developed by the University of Alabama in Huntsville group.
MRI Appearance of Nerve Regeneration in a Surgically Repaired Ulnar Nerve

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings for surgical repair of a transected nerve have not been published. We describe the first reported postoperative MR imaging findings of a repaired transected ulnar nerve. A patient presented to our institution following surgical repair of a severed ulnar nerve at the level of the forearm. MRI was obtained to evaluate postsurgical outcome and potential complications. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates the presence of nerve fascicles that are clearly depicted above and below the level of injury but appear indistinct at the level of transection. To our knowledge, the MRI appearance of a repaired transected nerve has not been previously described. We believe that the MRI findings may be used to assess the anatomic progress of nerve healing and, when combined with a series of progressively favorable results from a focused neurologic exam, provide convincing evidence of nerve regeneration.
Differential changes of auditory nerve and brain stem short latency evoked potentials in the laboratory mouse

Subcollicular, volume-conducted auditory evoked potentials were obtained from the C57BL/6 laboratory mouse. Barbiturate-induced, whole body hypothermia was associated with a latency increase; between 37 and 31 degrees C, these values were 0.28, 0.48, 0.88 and 0.88 msec for PI-IV, respectively. The amplitude of the auditory nerve potential elicited by a 100 dB click doubled in amplitude between 16 and 42 days post partum. A progressive latency decrease, from PI to PIV, was observed during this age span. Acoustic stress produced differential changes within peripheral and central amplitude and latency measures, and these parameters were also sensitive to the method used to reduce body movement during the recording session. These changes were consistent with anatomical and physiological data from the auditory brain stem of other mammals.
Collaborative Dialogue in Learning Pragmatics: Pragmatic-Related Episodes as an Opportunity for Learning Request-Making

This study examined the effects of collaborative dialogue in learning the speech act of request. Seventy-four second-grade girls' junior high students were divided into three groups. The ‘collaborative group’ (n = 25) received explicit metapragmatic information on request (request head act and modifications) followed by a dialogue construction task in pairs. The ‘individual group’ (n = 25) received the same information but completed the same task individually while thinking aloud. The last group, control group (n = 24), did not receive instruction. During-task interaction in the collaborative group and think-aloud protocols in the individual group were audio-recorded. Instructional effect was measured by a discourse completion task (DCT). Target request head acts in DCT were scored, and request modifications were analyzed for frequency. The collaborative group outperformed the individual group on the production of the head act at immediate post. No group difference was found in request modifications. Analysis of interaction and think-aloud data showed that the collaborative group produced the target head act more successfully than the individual group, but no group difference was found in the use of modifications.
717 TRISOMY 20 MOSAICISM IN AMNIOCYTES WITH DELIVERY OF INFANT NORMAL SAVE FOR PUNCHED-OUT SCALP LESION

A woman with strong history of endometriosis underwent amniocentesis because of age (37). Amniotic cell cultures done at the Birth Defects Institute, NYS Dept. of Health, showed 30% trisomy 20 cells in the first tap and 13% in the second tap (Harrison et al., Am J Human Gen 32:71A, 1980). At term an 8 lb 10 oz infant girl was delivered. She was clinically and neurologically normal except for a 1 cm area of denuded skin to the left of the midline in the occipital area, reminiscent of the scalp lesion of trisomy 13. By 6 weeks of age it had developed a raised cicatrix, as in trisomy 13 during “healing”. Blood karyotype was 46,XX. Developmental milestones have remained normal to present age 16 months. Four normal live births have been previously reported after trisomy 20 mosaicism was detected in amniocytes (Am J Med Gen 2:365, 1978; Lancet 1:1089, 1980). At least 8 such pregnancies have been terminated, with 5 fetuses described as normal, 2 as dysmorphic and one not examined. Only in 2 cases have trisomy 20 cells been found in fetal tissues. Trisomy 20 mosaicism remains a troublesome finding in amniotic cell cultures. Whether the cells are due to cultural artifact (Harrison et al., ibid.) or are derived from early trophoblast (Warburton) or fetal renal tissue (Boue) is still an open question. The “trisomy 13” scalp lesion in the present patient seems hardly coincidental.
The Interplay of Parent and Adolescent Catastrophizing and Its Impact on Adolescents’ Pain, Functioning, and Pain Behavior

Objectives Catastrophizing is a coping style linked to poorer patient outcomes. Little attention has focused on the parent-adolescent dyad and catastrophizing as a shared coping style. The purpose of this study was to: (1) examine the effects of adolescent and parent pain catastrophizing on adolescent functioning and (2) explore concordance in catastrophizing in parent-adolescent dyads, with equal interest in outcomes of dyads with discordant coping styles.
Changes in phenolic compounds and related enzymes in young plants of sorghum

Abstract The major flavonoid in vegetative green shoots of Sorghum vulgare var. Wheatland milo. has been identified as luteolin-7-glucoside. Minor amounts of apigenin-7-glucoside and possible diglycosides or C -glycosyl derivatives of the above flavones, as well as occasional production of the cyanidin glycoside present in seedlings, were detected. Luteolin-7-glucoside and the esters of phenolic acids, especially of caffeic acid, have similar developmental patterns, increasing to a maximum at about 10 days after germination and subsequently at a constant or slightly decreasing rate up to 30 days when based on fresh weight. Polyphenolase activity can be detected spectrophotometrically in only small amounts in etiolated seedlings; its activity begins to increase rapidly in green shoots 4–5 days after germination at a rate similar to that of the accumulation of the ester of caffeic acid. Chlorogenic acid was the most active substrate for the enzyme; others in order of decreasing activity were catechol, p -cresol, DOPA, and p -hydroxycinnamic acid. The presence of an inhibitor or latent enzyme in etiolated seedlings has not been ruled out, but the possibility of a second enzyme capable of hydroxylating p -hydroxycinnamic acid is discussed. Since a microsomal fraction contains phenylalanine and tyrosine ammonia lyase and cinnamic acid hydroxylase activities, this second hydroxylating enzyme of monophenols might be a part of an enzyme complex converting the amino acids to the C 6 -C 3 phenolic acids.
On the convection in an enclosed container with unstable side wall temperature distributions

Abstract A numerical study of natural convection in a two-dimensional container of unity aspect ratio with unstable temperature distributions on the side walls and adiabatic top and bottom walls is discussed for a Boussinesq fluid with unity Prandtl number. For sufficiently low Rayleigh numbers and symmetric boundary conditions a unique 2 × 2 steady cellular flow with horizontal and vertical symmetry exists. At a critical Rayleigh number a pitchfork bifurcation occurs creating a pair of asymmetric steady solutions. Further increasing the Rayleigh number causes the asymmetric pair of steady solutions to undergo a subcritical Hopf bifurcation resulting in a large amplitude limit cycle. Hysteresis behavior is observed between the stable steady flows and the stable limit cycle for a range of Rayleigh numbers. The limit cycle disappears at a minimum Rayleigh number in what appears to be a double homoclinic orbit. Applying asymmetric temperature boundary conditions causes an unfolding of the pitchfork bifurcation. The character of the Hopf bifurcations and resulting limit cycle behavior is deeply affected by the introduction of asymmetry. As the Rayleigh number is increased a progression of limit cycles containing from two to 206 small amplitude oscillations and one large amplitude ‘relaxation’ oscillation per period are separated by what may be a series of homoclinic orbits. The steady and limit cycle solution structure has a large influence on the heat transfer rate through the container.
Synthesis and Characterization of [PtIn6](GeO4)2O and Its Solid Solution [PtIn6](GaO4)2-x(GeO4)xOx/2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2): Gradual Color Change of the Solid Solution from Black (x = 0) to Yellow (x = 2) as a Consequence of Quantum Dot Effect

A new phase [PtIn6](GeO4)2O, a filled variant of [PtIn6](GaO4)2, and the solid solution [PtIn6](GaO4)2-x(GeO4)xOx/2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) were prepared and characterized. Single-crystal structure refinements show that [PtIn6](GeO4)2O is isotypic with the mineral, sulfohalite Na6FCl(SO4)2, and crystallizes in the space group Fm3m (Z = 4) with a = 1006.0(1) pm. The building units of [PtIn6](GeO4)2O are isolated [PtIn6]10+ octahedra and (GeO4)4- tetrahedra, and the isolated O2- ions occupy the centers of the In6 octahedra made up of six adjacent PtIn6 octahedra. The lattice parameter of the solid solution [PtIn6](GaO4)2-x(GeO4)xOx/2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) varies gradually from a = 1001.3(1) pm at x = 0 to a = 1006.0(1) pm at x = 2, and the color of the solid solution changes gradually from black (x = 0) to red (x = 1) to yellow (x = 2). The cause for the gradual color change was examined by performing density functional theory electronic structure calculations for the end members [PtIn6](GaO4)2 and [PtIn6](GeO4)2O. Our analysis...
The Ideology of Wifely Submission: A Challenge for Feminism?

This article examines the writings of women who explicitly embrace wifely submission, including those who advocate corporal punishment. Through a close reading of primary sources, the article seeks to illuminate the biblical literalist theology that underlies the ideology of wifely submission and to explain the reasons why many heterosexual women find such an ideology appealing. While many readers might be tempted to dismiss such women as antifeminist, the question of desire that their writing raises goes to the heart of a major challenge faced by contemporary feminist theory, which since the “sex wars” often remains divided between those who accept whatever women choose as feminist and those who stand in judgment of other women's choices. This article uses the case of wifely submission to examine the problem of desire, the concept of consent, and the benefits and limitations of “choice” discourse within feminist theory. It argues for a middle-ground approach that respects women as agents in their own lives, while also engaging them in reflective conversation about desire and its ramifications.
Solid-phase thermal decomposition of 2,4-dinitroimidazole (2,4-DNI)

The solid-phase thermal decomposition of the insensitive energetic nitroaromatic heterocycle 2,4-dinitroimidazole (2,4-DNI: mp 265--274C) is studied utilizing simultaneous thermogravimetric modulated beam mass spectrometry (STMBMS) between 200 and 247C. The pyrolysis products have been identified using perdeuterated and {sup 15}N-labeled isotopomers. The products consist of low molecular-weight gases and a thermally stable solid residue. The major gaseous products are NO, CO{sub 2}, CO, N{sub 2}, HNCO and H{sub 2}O. Minor gaseous products are HCN, C{sub 2}N{sub 2}, NO{sub 2}, C{sub 3}H{sub 4}N{sub 2}, C{sub 3}H{sub 3}N{sub 3}O and NH{sub 3}. The elemental formula of the residue is C{sub 2}HN{sub 2}O and FTIR analysis suggests that it is polyurea- and polycarbamate-like in nature. Rates of formation of the gaseous products and their respective quantities have been determined for a typical isothermal decomposition experiment at 235C. The temporal behaviors of the gas formation rates indicate that the overall decomposition is characterized by a sequence of four events; (1) an early decomposition period induced by impurities and water, (2) an induction period where C0{sub 2} and NO are the primary products formed at relatively constant rates, (3) an autoacceleratory period that peaks when the sample is depleted and (4) a final period in which the residue decomposes. Arrhenius parameters for the induction period are E{sub a} = 46.9 {plus_minus} 0.7 kcal/mol and Log(A) = 16.3 {plus_minus} 0.3. Decomposition pathways that are consistent with the data are presented.
RASHID KHALIDI, Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness (New York: Columbia University Press, 1997). Pp. 325. $42.00 cloth, $16.50 paper.

Rashid Khalidi sets out to study the emergence of Palestinian nationalism at the dawn of the 20th century. He explores the early cultural beginnings of Palestinian identity, which precede the encounter with Zionism, and studies the different developments of Palestinian identity in light of that encounter. Whereas a large number of accounts stress that Palestinian identity developed exclusively as a result of the encounter with colonial Zionism, Khalidi sets the record straight. In line with predominant theories of nationalism, Khalidi demonstrates that national identities are defined in relation to an other. Palestine identity, which as early as 1701 manifested itself against a hostile European Christianity, remained Jerusalem-centered until the beginning of the 20th century. That is when a modern Palestinian nationalism was emerging, before the encounter with British colonialism and Zionist settler colonialism changed the configuration of both the Palestinian self and its other. Khalidi charts the changes in the forms of knowledge that the Palestinian intelligentsia was acquiring in the course of the 19th and early 20th centuries, noting the shift from Islamic studies to modern social science and the humanities. Through an inventory of Palestinian libraries, Khalidi carefully chronicles these changes in forms of knowledge, correlating them with the new and emerging political ideas in the country.
Development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based time-domain algorithms for Maxwell's equations

A general time-domain approach based on proven CFD-based numerical techniques which can capture all the relevant details of the scattering structure, including nonmetallic sections, gaps and cracks, cavities and inlets, antenna arrays, and exhaust plumes, in a single computational framework has been developed. Some of the salient features of this new Maxwell's equation solver are a time-domain approach which can handle continuous wave (single frequency) and pulse (broadband); adaption of CFD-based proven algorithms (characteristic theory, Riemann solvers, higher order accuracy); layered media treatment (magnetic, dielectric, resistive); body-fitted mapping for complex geometry treatment (multizone gridding); frequency- and time-dependent material properties; thin sheets (resistive, lossy coatings); pre- and postprocessors with color graphics and animation; vectorization for supercomputers; and suitability for CFD/radar cross section/aeroelasticity/controls coupling studies. >
Micro pulse lidar daytime performance: simulations and observations

Relatively low-cost, eye-safe lidars are now possible with recent technological advances in lasers and detectors. Both diode pumped Nd:YAG/YLF and AlGaAs diode lasers are viable candidates for the low energy, high rep-rate lidar transmitter sources required for eye safety. High quantum efficiency photon counting avalanche photodiodes (APDs) permit efficient detection of the weak lidar returns plus an effective means for averaging over the large number of pulses needed to achieve acceptable signal to noise ratios (SNRs). A critical question as to the feasibility of this micro pulse lidar (MPL) approach is whether acceptable SNRs can be obtained for daytime operation. This paper presents simulations of expected performance for an MPL similar to a system now under field test at the DOE ARM CART site, the results of which are compared with sample observations obtained with this field system.
Optical domain wideband RF spectrum analysis using parametric mixing

We present the design of an optical domain staring RF spectrum analyzer based on parametric multicasting and spectral slicing with a periodic filter. An implementation covering an 18GHz band with 250MHz resolution bandwidth is presented.
Censored quantile regression with partially functional effects

Quantile regression offers a flexible approach to analyzing survival data, allowing each covariate effect to vary with quantiles. In practice, constancy is often found to be adequate for some covariates. In this paper, we study censored quantile regression tailored to the partially functional effect setting with a mixture of varying and constant effects. Such a model can offer a simpler view regarding covariate-survival association and, moreover, can enable improvement in estimation efficiency. We propose profile estimating equations and present an iterative algorithm that can be readily and stably implemented. Asymptotic properties of the resultant estimators are established. A simple resampling-based inference procedure is developed and justified. Extensive simulation studies demonstrate efficiency gains of the proposed method over a naive two-stage procedure. The proposed method is illustrated via an application to a recent renal dialysis study.
Duplex Arteriography for Lower Extremity Revascularization

Duplex arteriography may be a potential replacement of preoperative standard contrast arteriography for peripheral arterial imaging in lower extremity revascularization procedures. In patients with chronic or acute ischemia, a well-performed duplex arteriography offers several practical advantages over contrast arteriography: it is noninvasive; it does not require nephrotoxic agents; it is portable and can be done expeditiously; color flow and waveform analysis provide a better estimation of the hemodynamic significance of occlusive disease; it allows direct visualization of the entire artery and not only of the lumen thus enabling plaque characterization; with color flow and power Doppler techniques, it is possible to identify patent arteries subjected to very low flow states; and it can detect occluded arterial aneurysms thereby avoiding unnecessary attempts at thromboembolectomies. High-quality arterial ultrasonography performed by a highly skilled and well-trained vascular technologist may represent an alternative to conventional arteriography for patients in need of primary or secondary lower extremity revascularization.
Intruder detection using a wireless sensor network with an intelligent mobile robot response

In this paper, we present an intruder detection system that uses a wireless sensor network and mobile robots. The sensor network uses an unsupervised fuzzy Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) neural network to learn and detect intruders in a previously unknown environment. Upon the detection of an intruder, a mobile robot travels to the position where the intruder is detected to investigate. The wireless sensor network uses a hierarchical communication/learning structure, where the mobile robot is the root node of the tree. Our fuzzy ART network is based on Kulakov and Davcev's implementation [6]. We enhanced the fuzzy ART neural network to learn a time-series and detect time-related changes using a Markov model. The proposed architecture is tested on physical hardware. Our results show that our enhanced detection system has a higher accuracy than the basic, original, fuzzy ART system.
The automorphism groups of the generalized quadratic residue codes

We give the full automorphism groups as groups of semiaffine transformations, of the extended generalized quadratic residue codes. We also present a proof of the Gleason-Prange theorem for the extended generalized quadratic residue codes that relies only on their definition and elementary theory of linear characters. >
Distribution of Wilks' likelihood-ratio criterion in the complex case

The null distribution of Wilks' likelihood ratio criterian, Λ, in the complex case, is obtained, and explicit expressions for the same are given forp=2 and 3, wherep is the number of variables. It is shown that unlike the real case the distributions derived have closed form representation for allp and for allf2, the hypothesis degree of freedom. Tables of correction factors for converting chi-square percentiles to exact percentiles of a logarithmic function of Λ are provided for fourteen (p, f2) pairs. Tables for an additional thirteen pairs can be obtained from those tabulated by interchangingp andf2.