cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in glucagon receptor-deficient mice.

Inhibition of glucagon signaling causes hyperglucagonemia and pancreatic α cell hyperplasia in mice. We have recently demonstrated that a patient with an inactivating glucagon receptor mutation (P86S) also exhibits hyperglucagonemia and pancreatic α cell hyperplasia but further develops pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). To test the hypothesis that defective glucagon signaling causes PNETs, we studied the pancreata of mice deficient in glucagon receptor (Gcgr−/−) from 2 to 12 months, using WT and heterozygous mice as controls. At 2–3 months, Gcgr−/− mice exhibited normal islet morphology but the islets were mostly composed of α cells. At 5–7 months, dysplastic islets were evident in Gcgr−/− mice but absent in WT or heterozygous controls. At 10–12 months, gross PNETs (≥1 mm) were detected in most Gcgr−/− pancreata and micro-PNETs (<1 mm) were found in all (n = 14), whereas the islet morphology remained normal and no PNETs were found in any WT (n = 10) or heterozygous (n = 25) pancreata. Most PNETs in Gcgr−/− mice were glucagonomas, but some were non-functioning. No tumors predominantly expressed insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, or somatostatin, although some harbored focal aggregates of tumor cells expressing one of those hormones. The PNETs in Gcgr−/− mice were well differentiated and occasionally metastasized to the liver. Menin expression was aberrant in most dysplatic islets and PNETs. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was overexpressed in PNET cells and its receptor Flk-1 was found in the abundant blood vessels or blood islands inside the tumors. We conclude that defective glucagon signaling causes PNETs in the Gcgr−/− mice, which may be used as a model of human PNETs. Our results further suggest that completely inhibiting glucagon signaling may not be a safe approach to treat diabetes.
Time course of vasospasm--its clinical significance.

Serial angiograms, CT scans and clinical courses of 40 patients with vasospasm are analyzed. Angiographic vasospasm has a tendency to develop on arteries adjacent to ruptured aneurysms. The configuration of spasm changes from smooth narrowing into irregular narrowing. The former is observed after the 5th day and the latter after the 9th day of the rupture. Resolution of spasm follows irregular narrowing. Angiographic vasospasm, neurological symptoms, and low density areas on CT scan develops at intervals of 2 to 3 days. Optimal timing for direct aneurysmal surgery is discussed in relation to the time course of vasospasm.
Acute sinusitis in children: Do antibiotics have any role?

Bacteria can be recovered from paranasal sinuses in the majority of patients given the diagnosis of acute bacterial sinusitis (ABS), and bacteriologic cure can be achieved with appropriate antibiotic treatment. The critical question is whether bacteriologic cure correlates with meaningful clinical endpoints such as clinical improvement, reduction in recurrent disease, or prevention of complications. Of the 4 pediatric placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials (PCRCTs), 2 suggest superiority of antibiotic treatment and 2 suggest lack of superiority. PCRCTs in adults are mixed as to clinical benefit. Pediatric and adult meta-analyses demonstrate modest benefit of antibiotic therapy and rates of spontaneous recovery without antibiotics of 60-65%. Although retrospective studies indicate that some patients who develop orbital or neurologic complications of sinusitis were pre-treated with antibiotic therapy, a low rate of complications precludes determination of whether antibiotic treatment prevents complications in some proportion of patients. Like the literature evidence, expert guideline recommendations are mixed. Although the evidence base is incomplete and conflicting, the limited data suggest that antibiotics probably do have a role in the treatment of pediatric ABS. The most compelling rationale is prevention of serious complications, but proof for this rationale is lacking.
Multiplicity of self in public discourse: the use of personal references in two radio sports shows

Abstract This paper examines cultural differences manifested in and constructed by linguistic practices in public discourse in two sports radio shows in the US and China. The study suggests that the use of personal reference in the two sports radio broadcasts manifests a culturally constructed multiplicity of self. We found that in the English data, the use of personal references represents a predominance of direct consciousness of self [Chafe, W., 1994. Discourse, Consciousness, and Time: the Flow and Displacement of Conscious Experience in Speaking and Writing. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.]. In contrast, the Chinese speakers’ use of personal references is implicit and circumferential. By focusing on the Chinese speakers’ use of ziji ‘self’, a frequently used personal pronoun in Chinese for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd person referents, with emphatic and empathetic overtones, the study reveals that personal opinions in the Chinese data were facilitated partly through the speaker's use of this pronoun oriented toward micro level discourse contexts. The paper further illustrates that in the Chinese data, personal opinions about other people and controversial issues were expressed through a mediation of the speakers’ displaced consciousness (Chafe, 1994), i.e., in expressing opinions by appealing to collective public opinions. This feature differs from the English data where the interlocutors primarily refer to each other in constructing personal opinions in either negative or positive contexts. By comparing the usages and the functions of the personal references in Mandarin Chinese and in American English, we hope to demonstrate that the concept of “self” has multiple manifestations in various cultures, which should be understood within the specific cultural contexts of their occurrences.
p73 is dispensable for commitment to neural stem cell fate, but is essential for neural stem cell maintenance and for blocking premature differentiation.

p73 is dispensable for commitment to neural stem cell fate, but is essential for neural stem cell maintenance and for blocking premature differentiation
A CASPT2 Investigation of the Ground and First Excited Singlet States of Fluoroiodocarbene

The X( 1 A') and A( 1 A") electronic states of CFI have been investigated using the CASPT2(18,12) method. Results for the ground-state equilibrium geometry of CFI are in excellent agreement with previous studies. The equilibrium geometry of the excited state shows significant variations in the C-I bond length as a function of basis set in part due to the flatness of the potential energy surface in the region of the minimum. The A( 1 A") ← X( 1 A') adiabatic transition energy for CFI is estimated to be in the range 17000-17500 cm - 1 . A barrier in the exit channel for dissociation to CF + I was located on the excited-state surface, and the barrier height is predicted to be greater than 1525 cm - 1 .
Gorbachev and Yeltsin as leaders

1. Leadership strategies after Stalin 2. Gorbachev and Yeltsin: personalities and beliefs 3. The rise of Gorbachev 4. Gorbachev ascendant 5. Gorbachev on the political defensive 6. Yeltsin versus Gorbachev 7. Yeltsin ascendant 8. Yeltsin on the political defensive 9. Yeltsin lashes out: the invasion of Chechnya (December, 1994) 10. Yeltsin's many last hurrahs 11. Explaining leaders' choices, 1985-99 12. Criteria for the evaluation of transformational leaders 13. Evaluating Gorbachev as leader 14. Evaluating Yeltsin as leader.
Failure of gonadotropin-releasing hormone or human chorionic gonadotropin to enhance the fertility of repeat-breeder cows when administered at the time of insemination.

Repeat-breeder dairy cows failing to conceive to two previous inseminations were injected with saline (2 cc i.m.), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH, 2 cc i.m.) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, 5000 IU i.v.) at the time of the third and succeeding inseminations. This field study involved 240 cows at three dairies. Mean conception rate was high (49.6%) for repeat-breeders, and did not differ among farms (P>0.10) or treatments (P>0.10), varying from 44.0 to 51.9% for farms and from 44.4 to 54.2% for treatments. The percentage of repeat-breeder cows bred during diestrus was very low on each of the three farms (mean = 7.9%). For this and other reasons discussed in the study, hormonal therapy was not successful in improving the conception rate of repeat-breeder cows under field conditions.
What We Know and Don’t Know from Peer-Reviewed Research about Alternative Teacher Certification Programs:

This article examines the peer-reviewed literature on alternative teacher certification programs in the United States to see what can be concluded about who participates in these programs, where participants teach, how long participants stay, how participants’ teaching is evaluated, and how well participants are able to promote student learning.
Alkaline Phytase Activity in Nonionic Detergent Extracts of Legume Seeds

Alkaline phytase activity, with a pH optimum of 8, was recovered from detergent extracts of dormant seeds of nine varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris L., Pisum sativum L. var. Early Alaska, and Medicago sativa L. This alkaline phytase of legume seeds was activated by calcium and differed from most seed phytases in its relative insensitivity to inhibition by fluoride.
Recoverin-associated retinopathy: a clinically and immunologically distinctive disease.

Abstract PURPOSE: To compare the immune response to retinal antigens in a patient with a clinical condition resembling cancer-associated retinopathy with the immune responses of patients with other retinal degenerations or uveitis. METHODS: Cellular and humoral immune responses to retinal S-antigen and recoverin were determined in one patient with disease resembling cancer-associated retinopathy, three patients with other retinal degenerations, and eight patients with uveitis. RESULTS: A cellular immune response against recoverin was found only in the patient with the condition resembling cancer-associated retinopathy. Elevated levels of antibody against recoverin were found in this patient and in one of the three patients with a retinal degeneration, but in none of the eight patients with uveitis. In contrast, moderate lymphocyte responses to retinal S-antigen were found in most of the patients studied, and this response did not distinguish among the patient groups. Levels of serum antibodies against retinal S-antigen were also similar in all patients tested. Serum from the patient with disease resembling cancer-associated retinopathy produced strong immunostaining of the rods, cones, outer plexiform layer, and some cone bipolar cells, but serum from the patients with uveitis or other retinal degenerations did not show specific reactivity with the retina. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that this immunologically and clinically distinctive condition be termed recoverin-associated retinopathy, and we suggest that a cellular immune response against recoverin may be a distinguishing feature of the disorder.
Gravity waves in a stratified fluid

A unified treatment of wave motion in a stratified fluid, with or without density discontinuities, is achieved by reducing the governing differential system to a Sturm-Liouville system. With the aid of Sturm's comparison theorem, it is found (without detailed calculations) that, for any stratification, the phase velocity increases as the wave-number decreases and that, for the same wave-number, the phase velocity increases as the density gradient is increased everywhere and decreases as the density is increased everywhere by a constant amount. Sturm's oscillation theorem provides upper and lower bounds for the phase velocity for a given stratification, a given wave-number, and a given number of zeros of the eigenfunction (or a given number of stationary surfaces in the fluid). The inequalities giving these bounds are used to explain the well-known tendency for surfaces of density discontinuities to behave as rigid boundaries when the stratification in each layer is slight. The rigid-boundary behaviour of interfaces in such cases enables one to obtain the approximate eigenvalue spectrum by superimposing the spectra of the individual layers (with the interfaces treated as rigid) on the spectrum of the interfacial (or free surface) waves, obtained by ignoring the slight continuous stratification in each layer. It is pointed out that the Ritz method can be used for calculating the eigenvalues even when the density is discontinuous, and examples are given to show the accuracy of the Ritz method. The nature of the spectrum when the depth is infinite is also clarified.In the course of the development of the theory, the effects of compressibility and of three-dimensionality are determined and given explicitly, the rate of growth of unstable stratifications is related to the phase velocity of waves in stable ones, and equipartition of energy is proved. Motion due to a wave-maker is discussed in order to bring out the connexion between the type of the governing partial differential equation and the nature (local or not local) of the disturbances. The effect of surface tension and the stability of a stratified fluid under vertical oscillation are also discussed.
Effect of naloxone on analgesia induced by food deprivation.

Abstract Naloxone (4 mg/kg) or saline was administered to animals under food deprived and non-deprived conditions prior to testing pain sensitivity in the tail flick test. Food deprived animals exhibited significantly elevated latencies in comparison to latencies observed under non-deprived conditions. This analgesia was diminished by treatment with the opiate receptor antagonist, naloxone. These findings suggest that analgesia induced by food deprivation is mediated in part by opiate receptor systems.
In-situ force in the medial and lateral structures of intact and ACL-deficient knees.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the major contributor to limit excessive anterior tibial translation (ATT) when the knee is subjected to an anterior tibial load. However, the importance of the medial and lateral structures of the knee can also play a significant role in resisting anterior tibial loads, especially in the event of an ACL injury. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine quantitatively the increase in the in-situ forces in the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and posterolateral structures (PLS) of the knee associated with ACL deficiency. Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric human knees were subjected to a 134-N anterior tibial load at full extension and at 15°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of knee flexion. The resulting 5 degrees of freedom kinematics were measured for the intact and the ACL-deficient knees. A robotic/universal force-moment sensor testing system was used for this purpose, as well as to determine the in-situ force in the MCL and PLS in the intact and ACL-deficient knees. For the intact knee, the in-situ forces in both the MCL and PLS were less than 20 N for all five flexion angles tested. But in the ACL-deficient knee, the in-situ forces in the MCL and PLS, respectively, were approximately two and five times as large as those in the intact knee (P < 0.05). The results of this study demonstrate that, although both the MCL and PLS play only a minor role in resisting anterior tibial loads in the intact knee, they become significant after ACL injury.
Understanding the Advising Learning Process Using Learning Taxonomies.

To better understand the learning that transpires in advising, we used Anderson et al.'s (2001) revision of Bloom's (1956) taxonomy and Krathwohl, Bloom, and Masia's (1964) affective taxonomy to an...
Internal photoemission of holes and the mobility gap of hydrogenated amorphous silicon.

We report the first observation of the internal photoemission of holes into the valence band of hydrogenated amorphous silicon from metal contacts. This, together with the corresponding photoemission of electrons into the conduction band, is used to directly determine the room-temperature mobility gap of a-Si:H. The effective mobility gap is found to be 1.89\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03 eV which is 0.16 eV larger than its Tauc optical gap of 1.73 eV. The important implications of the results on the understanding of a-Si:H band structure, electronic properties, and devices are outlined.
The role of the cis-keto triplet state in the proton transfer cycle of 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole

A two-step laser-induced fluorescence (TSLIF) study of 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT) in various solvents at <100 K revealed an unusually high yield of tautomer emission resulting from the T′2→S′1 intersystem crossing (ISC, prime denotes the tautomer state) of the cis-keto form. The T—S ISC yield was measured to be 5.2×10−4 in a 77 K MCH glass. A mechanism incorporating Tnπ*→Sππ* ISC is discussed. The identical spectra between non-time-resolved prompt tautomer emission and TSLIF gives further support for the assignment to the cis-keto triplet state.
A generalization of Stallings' pregroup

Abstract Recently, pregroups have received much attention and this has produced some important results. One such result is by Rimlinger who showed in [6] that a group G is the fundamental group of a finite graph of finite groups if and only if G is the universal group of a finite pregroup. A further result was obtained by Hoare [2] who showed that any “simplicial” pregroup P determines a Lyndon length function for G(P). New questions are now raised by our generalized pregroups. For example, does Hoare's length function, mentioned above, carry over into this new setting? There is also the question of whether one can further weaken Stallings' axiom [P5], that is, weaken our axioms [K] and [Q5], and still retain the property that P embeds as a set in G(P). The authors conjecture that one such set of axioms will include axiom [K] and some type of length axiom like [Tn].
On the mechanism of pyridine nucleotide reduction by dithionite.

Abstract 1. 1. Evidence is presented that the reduction of the pyridine nucleotides by sodium dithionite occurs via a sulfinate, the added group being attached to the 4-position of the pyridine ring. It is suggested that hydrolysis of the sulfinate yields reduced nucleotide and sulfite. 2. 2. The intermediate is identified with a yellow stage which has often been regarded as a half-reduced, free radical form of the coenzyme. 3. 3. Two organic sulfinates have been shown to be capable of reducing DPN to enzymically active DPNH via the same yellow intermediate. 4. 4. A possible similarity between DPN reduction via a sulfinate and its reduction through the action of d -glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase is suggested.
The fragmentation of America’s telecommunications system: the operational implications of network unbundling

Abstract This paper traces the history of the various disaggregations that have taken place in the telecommunications industry in the United States during the past 20 years, culminating in the directive in the Telecommunications Act of 1996 to allow interconnection ‘at any technically feasible point’. It then shows how the resulting network unbundling differs from all previous network separations, identifies the operational risks of the various ‘unbundled network elements’, or UNEs, specified by the FCC and compares those risks with the potential benefits to competition. It concludes that some of the UNEs are not unbundled network elements at all, but merely sharply discounted versions of services that are or could be offered at retail. As such, they have little or no operational impact. The remainder, however, pose substantial risks of service degradation or disruption, and only one, the ‘loop’—the connection between the telephone network and the customers’ premises, has attracted many users, and appears to have benefits to competition commensurate with those risks.
Experiences from a Time-Condensed Computer Security Class

In this paper, the author shares the experience of teaching a time-condensed version of an undergraduate level computer security class in six-week’s time. In this way, it can meet the diverse scheduling requirements and ensure that students be educated at a faster pace to cope with the escalating cyber security threats. In order to effectively run the class, the instructor incorporated a combination of instructional approaches into different course components, including comprehensive traditional lectures, hands-on lab assignments and final research projects. Each of the course components was carefully customized and designed to fit into the condensed course schedule without sacrificing the effectiveness. Although it was a busy class on a tight schedule, both the instructor and the students enjoyed this condensed version.
Innovation in the Safety Net: Integrating Community Health Centers Through Accountable Care

BACKGROUND Safety net primary care providers, including as community health centers, have long been isolated from mainstream health care providers. Current delivery system reforms such as Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) may either reinforce the isolation of these providers or may spur new integration of safety net providers.
A SANS study of the plastic deformation mechanism in polyethylene

Abstract Small angle neutron scattering was used to investigate the role of partial melting and recrystallization in the solid state deformation of polyethylene. Blends containing 4 vol% deuteropolyethylene in protonated polyethylene were deformed in a pure shear mode. The scattering cross section of the undeformed blends was well in excess of that expected for randomly (statistically) dispersed molecules, due to isotopic segregation effects between the deuterated and the protonated species. A significant reduction in the excess scattering was observed as the blends were deformed beyond the yield point. Upon further deformation, the cross section underwent a further modest decrease. Such a reduction is known to occur on melting. The neutron scattering results, hence, support the notion of local melting during the yielding and the subsequent deformation processes.
Preparation and properties of several polysaccharide sulfates

Abstract Amylose, amylopectin, guaran, cellulose, and laminaran are sulfated to different degrees with very little degradation in dimethylformamide with triethylamine-sulfur trioxide complex at 0 °. A 1 → 6 linked dextran and alginate are unreactive. Periodate oxidation of the polysaccharide sulfates of degree of substitution of one suggests that half of the sulfuric ester groups may be on position C-6. Amylose, amylopectin, and guaran sulfates precipitate solutions of gelatin, egg albumin, and methylene blue but not human plasma. They form films but absorb large amounts of moisture and readily disperse in water. Unlike carrageenan their solutions do not gel with potassium or ammonium ions. Sulfuric ester groups are readily eliminated from amylopectin sulfate but not from laminaran sulfate.
Chemotherapy-Associated Hepatotoxicity and Hepatic Resection for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Approximately 50 % of patients with colorectal cancer will develop liver metastases. Complete resection is associated with 50 % five-year overall survival and 20 % long-term cure. Use of preoperative chemotherapy for patients with resectable colorectal metastasis to the liver is controversial. Among the arguments against use of preoperative chemotherapy is the resulting hepatotoxicity, which may increase the risk of hepatectomy. In this review, we assess the liver-specific toxicity profiles of the most commonly used chemotherapy agents and how this toxicity affects perioperative outcomes. We also comment on the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with resectable colorectal metastasis.
Object-centered design: a five-phase introduction to object-oriented programming in CS1–2

With Pascal waning in popularity as the CS1 language of choice, many colleges and universities are considering the adoption of C++ (an imperative and object-oriented hybrid language) as its replacement. An important issue that must be addressed in making such a change is the question of what software design methodology should be taught to CS1 students. Two common answers are (i) continue teaching structured design in CS1 and switch to object-oriented design in CS2; or (ii) teach object-oriented design from the outset in CS1. We believe that both of these approaches have significant drawbacks. To avoid these drawbacks, this paper describes a graduated approach to object-oriented design that we call object-centered design. The approach introduces students to object-oriented design by the end of CS2 without an abrupt paradigm shift, and without requiring an early introduction of inheritance.
BILATERAL ECTOPIC PREGNANCY

A 35-year-old woman attended the hospital for an early pregnancy scan at approximately 6 weeks of pregnancy. She had previously had three normal deliveries, followed by a tubal sterilisation, which...
Genetic interactions between Cdk1-CyclinB and the Separase complex in Drosophila.

Cdk1-CycB plays a key role in regulating many aspects of cell-cycle events, such as cytoskeletal dynamics and chromosome behavior during mitosis. To investigate how Cdk1-CycB controls the coordination of these events, we performed a dosage-sensitive genetic screen, which is based on the observations that increased maternal CycB (four extra gene copies) leads to higher Cdk1-CycB activity in early Drosophila embryos, delays anaphase onset, and generates a sensitized non-lethal phenotype at the blastoderm stage (defined as six cycB phenotype). Here, we report that mutations in the gene three rows ( thr ) enhance, while mutations in pimples ( pim , encoding Drosophila Securin) or separase ( Sse ) suppress, the sensitized phenotype. In Drosophila , both Pim and Thr are known to regulate Sse activity, and activated Sse cleaves a Cohesin subunit to initiate anaphase. Compared with the six cycB embryos, reducing Thr in embryos with more CycB further delays the initiation of anaphase, whereas reducing either Pim or Sse has the opposite effect. Furthermore, nuclei move slower during cortical migration in embryos with higher Cdk1-CycB activity, whereas reducing either Pim or Sse suppresses this phenotype by causing a novel nuclear migration pattern. Therefore, our genetic screen has identified all three components of the complex that regulates sister chromatid separation, and our observations indicate that interactions between Cdk1-CycB and the Pim-Thr-Sse complex are dosage sensitive.
Sportsmania and American Men’s Undergarments: 1880–1930

In the late nineteenth century men’s interest in smart dress combined with an addiction to sports engendered stylish men’s undergarments that combined functionality, sensuality, and color. I traced the evolving style of men’s underwear as a result of their unprecedented participation in social sports and their desire to be fashionably undressed. The muscular body and its association with masculinity was valued by both men and women and has continued to be valued into the twenty-first century. I have examined men’s underwear from the collections of the Museum at the Fashion Institute of Technology and the Costume Institute, New York as well as Munsingwear online collections. Other sources I studied included fashion publications, trade journals, retail store catalogues and advertisements.
Mechanisms of Ventricular arrhythmias: From laboratory to bedside

Summary Most arrhythmia mechanisms described in vitro or in animal models have been demonstrated to occur in humans. A better understanding of the underlying arrhythmia mechanisms and the clinical circumstances in which they occur will help the clinician apply appropriate therapy. Moreover, clinicians can anticipate that major advances are just over the horizon in the field of molecular cardiology that will have a profound effect on approaches to ventricular arrhythmia management. Coupled with advances in cardiac electrophysiology including diagnostic modalities, electropharmacology, antiarrhythmic devices and ablation techniques, the road from laboratory to bedside should lead more directly to improved care of patients predisposed to ventricular arrhythmias.
Creating materials for teaching evaluation in academic writing: Using letters to the editor in L2 composition courses

Abstract Academic writing has often been viewed as a monolithic form stripped of all personal value and expression. This view, however, is contradicted by recent research showing that academic writing not only expresses personal viewpoints but also that the focus on the research report, the form of academic writing perhaps most often taught, does not fully account for the complexity of the entire “invisible college” in which academic knowledge is produced. As a supplement to the research report, I propose in this article that an analysis of academic letters provides an insight into the variety of language forms used both formally and informally in academic writing and into the entire process by which knowledge is produced, evaluated, and published. I analyzed a sample of letters to the editor taken from the journal Science, the publication of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. I examined how letters are used to both support and criticize the research published in the journal and how this analysis is useful in the teaching of academic writing. The results demonstrate how scientists can closely link their language and rhetorical purpose as they participate in the ongoing conversation about how scientific claims are presented.
A transgenic mouse model for gene-nutrient interactions.

Diets or nutritional supplements contain many nutrients and other components that may interact, which adds a layer of complexity to their evaluation. A well-controlled experimental model that can elim
Heat transfer in a laminar cyclone. II

This paper is the second and concluding part of an investigation into the heat transfer to rotating laminar flows over fixed ground when the effects due to a combination of forced and free convections are included. The analytical methods that are employed are similarity transformations and subsequent integration of the ordinary differential system by continuously joining second and third order asymptotic approximations with forward numerical integrations that were obtained by perturbing the initial conditions for the solutions for forced convection alone. Numerical results for the thermal distribution and for the hydrodynamics that differ from that the forced convetive case due to coupling are tabulated for two Grashof numbers and a fixed Prandtl number. Dieser Aufsatz enthalt als zweiten und abschliesenden Teil die Untersuchung fur den Warmeaustausch, fur die laminare Drehstromung uber festem Grunde und die Wirkung der erzwungenen und freien Konvektion. Zur Losung des Systems partieller Differentialgleichungen werden Ahnlichkeitstransformationen benutzt und das sich ergebende System gewohnlicher Differentialgleichungen wird numerisch integriert. Die zweiten und dritten asymptotischen Losungen werden stetig angepast, wobei nur die Anfangsbedingungen der erzwungenen Konvektion systematisch geandert werden. Numerische Ergebnisse in Tafelform (fur zwei Grashof-Zahlen und eine Prandtl-Zahl) werden gegeben fur die Temperaturverteilung und fur die Drehstromung, die nunmehr mit der freien und der erzwungenen Konvektion gekoppelt ist.
Complex branching phenomena in the growth of carbon nanotubes

Abstract We report here the experimental observation of complex branching phenomena in the growth of carbon nanotubes produced under specific arc-discharge conditions. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images demonstrate that two or three carbon nanotubes can join together under specific angles in L, Y, and T patterns with saddle surfaces at the junction. Adding to the observation of negative curvature surface in straight-line tubes that change their diameters, we report here negative curved areas that support the topography of a branching structure.
Effect of temperature and diet on hind wing colouration development and elytral hardness of adult Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

SUMMARY The effects of food and temperature on the development of colour pigment in the hind wings of adult Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), were investigated. In a replicated study, adults were held at 18°C, 28°C and 18/28°C on potato foliage (Solanum tuberosum L.), potato tubers, or without food in controlled-environment chambers. Representative subsamples of wings were collected at two-day intervals, mounted on microscope slides, and photographed to document the progression of colour change. Observations were also made on elytral hardening over time. Hind wing colour developed more quickly at 28°C than at 18°C, and after three weeks had attained a deeper red colour at the higher temperature. Colour development was also more rapid when adult beetles were fed on foliage compared with tubers. In foliage-fed beetles, elytra hardened more quickly at 28°C than 18°C, and many tuber-fed beetles never developed hardened elytra, regardless of temperature treatment. Unfed beetles developed no hind wing colour pigment and their elytra remained soft for the duration of the experiment. Colour plates documenting wing colour development over time are presented; variation in colour development under the conditions tested, suggests that the use of hind wing colouration to estimate beetle age in the field may be problematic.
INCASE: accomplishments and challenges.

As the International Coalition for Addiction Studies Education (INCASE) nears the 25th anniversary of its founding, it is a good time to reflect upon the organization's accomplishments, continued c...
Response of an absorber to resonant radiation

Abstract A connection is established between the decay-of-prepared-states treatment of Mower and recent semi-classical theories, which are based on the undamped optical Bloch equations, by expressing the results of Mower's treatment in terms of the out-of-phase part of the atomic transition-dipole response. For the special case of resonant radiation two distinct dynamical regimes, overdamped and underdamped , are found, depending on the magnitude of the light intensity and the decay constant. In the extreme underdamped limit the expression for the out-of-phase part of the transition dipole is shown to reduce to that of McCall and Hahn for a pulse of arbitrary shape. An explient expression valid for square pulses of resonant light in the presence of non-negligible damping is also given.
MRI and MRSI Application in Neurodegeneration

MRI combined with MR spectroscopy generates better information of both brain tissue composition and mesurement of metabolites or neurochemicals in multiple sclerosis(MS), Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. New fast imaging techniques are technical advance in visualizing accurate anatomy and measurement of absolute neurochemicals in brain. Gray metter seated MS lesions is a new form of disease and lesion may appear normal on MRI but show spectroscopy peaks. High magnetic field scanners are available for fast imaging.
Children with differentiated thyroid cancer achieve adequate hyperthyrotropinemia within 14 days of levothyroxine withdrawal.

Context: The preparation for radioiodine administration recommended by the current pediatric literature is a 6-wk withdrawal that typically includes the transient administration of T3. Compared with adults, T4 clearance rates and serum TSH to free T4 ratios are higher in children, implying that pediatric patients can achieve adequate hyperthyrotropinemia with shorter levothyroxine withdrawals. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether children with differentiated thyroid cancer achieve adequate hyperthyrotropinemia using an abbreviated levothyroxine withdrawal protocol. Design: The study design was a retrospective analysis of 15 consecutive levothyroxine withdrawals performed without T3 at Children’s Hospital Boston. Patients: Eleven children with differentiated thyroid cancer were included. The average age at the time of withdrawal was 12.5 ± 0.8 yr. Main Outcome Measurement: Serum TSH concentrations obtained after the discontinuation of levothyroxine were analyzed to determine the ...
The movement of people in buildings and design solutions for means of egress

Problems posed by the movement of people in buildings are influenced by design features, some of which are dictated by safety codes and standards. Over the last decade research addressing these problems has led to recommendations that depart from traditional design and regulatory practices. Empirical studies of crowd movement suggest a more cost-effective, performance-oriented approach to selecting egress stair widths using the “effective-width” model. Research suggests that by building stairs with larger treads, improved visibility, and better handrails, it is possible to improve comfort and safety in normal, everyday use and reduce the risk posed by crowd conditions in emergency egress situations.
Investigation of temperature-dependent viscoelastic properties of thermal lesions in ex vivo animal liver tissue

The viscoelastic characteristics of thermal lesions in ex vivo animal liver are investigated in this paper. Characterization of the moduli of thermal lesions prepared at several temperatures will provide additional information for the elastographic monitoring of radio frequency ablation of hepatic tumors. In this study, the frequency-dependent complex modulus of thermal lesions prepared at temperatures ranging from 60 to 90 degrees C over a frequency range from 0.1 to 50Hz are presented. Lesions were prepared using either radio frequency ablation or double immersion boiling. It was found that both the magnitude and phase of the modulus increase with frequency, a behavior that has been noted in the literature. A new result reported shows that the modulus dependence on temperature reveals a local maximum around 70-75 degrees C corresponding to the temperature at which tissue has released most of its water content. The modulus values at temperatures higher than 70 degrees C continued to increase, but the extent of increase depend on animal species and other factors.
Beyond single indicators of social networks: A LISREL analysis of social ties among the elderly

While the health promoting influences of social networks have been shown in a number of studies, little attention has been paid to measurement issues within the field of epidemiology. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new set of measures of social networks for use in epidemiological research on the elderly. We use confirmatory factor analysis to test a multidimensional model of social networks using data from a large epidemiologic study of community-dwelling adults age 65 and over (U.S.A.). Confirmatory factor analysis conducted using LISREL showed that our model provides a good fit to the data after several adjustments for correlated measurement error were introduced. Based on this analysis, we developed new measures of four dimensions and a summary index of social networks. Bivariate relationships between our new measures and several sociodemographic variables of interest are also presented.
241Am and 243Am charge distributions from muonic x-ray spectroscopy and the quadrupole moment of the 240Am fission isomer

Abstract The muonic K, L, and M X-ray spectra from 241Am and 243Am have been investigated. Analysis of these spectra yields intrinsic nuclear quadrupole moments [Q0241 = 12.16(15) e b and Q0243 = 12.10(17) e b] and Barrett radii. By combining these results with those from a previous optical isotope-shift study, the intrinsic quadrupole moment for the fission isomer 240fAm is deduced [Q0240f = 29.0(1.3) e b].
Household Travel Decision Chains: Residential Environment, Automobile Ownership, Trips and Mode Choice

ABSTRACT Planners and researchers increasingly are concerned with how residential environments relate to auto ownership and travel. We quantified accessibility and walkability, to examine relationships of trips and modes to auto ownership and residential location. We applied the results in travel demand modeling for various scenarios, including a recent forecast linking land use and demographic changes, travel behavior, emissions and air quality. We found that where the built environment rates high on such measures as density, connectivity, pedestrian and transit facilities, and other features of highly walkable and accessible areas, people own fewer vehicles but make more trips. Although such environments also are associated with greater likelihood of walking and attendant decreases in motorized modes, driving remains overwhelmingly dominant.
Inoculation of potato seedlings with the yellow dwarf virus

Plug-grafting is effective in field or green house for transmission of yellow dwarf. Parent breeding stock may be tested for yellow dwarf resistance. Several seedlings have failed to show the disease either from exposure to heavy field infection or from plug-grafting. Possibly the plug-grafting method may be used in obtaining a yellow dwarf resistant variety.
Accelerated deposition of latex particles onto a rapidly dissolving steel surface

Abstract When immersed in a solution containing HF, H2O2 and latex, carbon steel rapidly dissolves without gas evolution at a rate limited by the diffusion of reactants or products of dissolution. The diffusion of ions through the boundary layer induces a local electric field of the order of 10 V/cm which attracts negatively charged latex particles toward the steel. Gravimetric measurements of the rate of accumulation of particles next to the steel correlate well with predictions of the electric-field strength over a range of concentration of acid, peroxide, latex and supporting electrolytes.
Different manifestations of the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome in a family with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective. Familial associations of the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) offer the opportunity to study genetic mechanisms of autoantibody production and disease, but are unusual. We identified a family, including identical twins and their mother, in which all members had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and presented with different manifestations of the APS. Methods. Review of case histories and clinical laboratory results, antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) studies, complement C4 protein and gene analysis, and HLA typing of family members were performed. Results. Each of the 3 family members presented with a different clinical association of the APS. These various clinical presentations were closely temporally related. No particular aPL activity could be separated out that would account for the different manifestations, although the twin with thrombocytopenia and livedo reticularis had a strikingly high IgM anticardiolipin antibody level. C4A or C4B deficiencies could not be implicated in the autoimmune process. However, the mother and the twins shared the HLA haplotype that included the class II antigens DR4, DRw53, and DQw7, which has previously been associated with aPL production. Conclusion. This family study emphasizes the different clinical associations of aPL production in SLE. In addition to genetic influences that appear to include HLA class II antigens, the clinical presentations also suggest an environmental trigger.
PREDICTING FREEWAY CRASHES FROM LOOP DETECTOR DATA BY MATCHED CASE-CONTROL LOGISTIC REGRESSION

Growing concern over traffic safety has led to research into prediction of freeway crashes in an advanced traffic management and information systems environment. A crash likelihood prediction model was developed by using real-time traffic flow variables (measured through a series of underground sensors) potentially associated with crash occurrence. The issues related to real-time application, including range of stations and time slice duration to be examined, were also addressed. The methodology used, matched case-control logistic regression, was adopted from epidemiological studies in which every crash is a case and corresponding noncrashes act as controls. The 5-min average occupancy observed at the upstream station during the 5 to 10 min before the crash, along with the 5-min coefficient of variation in speed at the downstream station during the same time, was found to affect crash occurrence most significantly and hence was used to calculate the corresponding log-odds ratio. A threshold value for this...
THE BROOKHAVEN HIGH FLUX BEAM REACTOR FAST CHOPPER FACILITY.

Abstract A pulsed neutron time-of-flight system designed primarily for the investigation of radiative transitions induced by neutron capture in the epithermal region is described. The neutron burst is formed by a massive rotor fabricated from tungsten, nickel, and steel placed at the radial beam tube at the Brookhaven High Flux Beam Reactor (HFBR). A novel in-pile collimator is used to produce a relatively narrow spot size at the target, normally situated 22 m from the rotor, without the use of external collimation. Details of design, construction, and performance are given.
Energy and Climate Change Report Provides Options for the White House

A newly approved energy and climate change report prepared by the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) provides a menu of options for President Barack Obama to consider in dealing with climate change and includes components for a national climate preparedness strategy. The report was approved at a 15 March PCAST meeting in Washington, D. C., and is subject to final edits. It is the first report by the advisory council that focuses exclusively on climate, according to PCAST member Daniel Schrag, who provided a presentation about the document at the meeting.
Economics in Literature and Drama.

Literature and drama are neglected but fruitful sources for economic instruction. They reflect and explicate major economic forces of their time.
Tangible simulations Generalized haptic devices for human-guided computer simulations

This paper presents the idea of a tangible simulation: a computer simulation along with a coupled custom robotic interface that provides a physical representation of the simulation state and a tangible means of controlling key simulation parameters. The tangible simulation concept is prototyped in a three-body gravitational simulation using two haptic arm devices. Interface concepts for controlling planetary position and velocity along with changing simulation parameters such as simulation time step are demonstrated. The final system is able to explore and control the coupled computer simulation through the tangible simulation interface.
Contributions to the theory of active transport: III. The effect of drugs on active transport systems

The addition of a drug to a system which contains an active transport mechanism may produce a large number of effects on both the active transport mechanism and the permeability of the system. A general model of such a system is presented, and various possible results of the drug's addition are discussed. Methods of experimentally separating these effects on the active transport mechanism and the permeabilities of the system are then listed and analyzed.
Elastic distortion of a conducting surface in the vicinity of a point charge

Abstract The elastic distortion of a conducting surface when a point charge is brought near the suface is investigated theoretically. The displacement field is calculated with the aid of a Green's function in terms of known functions. General results for surface and bulk displacements are displayed graphically. Numerical results for tungsten and aluminum are presented. Modifications of the image potential due to the distortion are discussed.