cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A testicular tumor resembling the sex cord with annular tubules in a case of the androgen insensitivity syndrome

Sex cord tumor with annular tubules (SCTAT) is a distinctive neoplasm with indifferent cells of sex cord derivation in a characteristic arrangement of ring-like tubules. Much attention has been drawn to its association with the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) with reported occurrence of the tumor in the testis of a boy with PJS. The authors present two cases of the androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), one of the cases being distinctive in having a large multicystic tumor resembling the SCTAT in the immature gonad. Additionally, the focal areas of the tumor, the large Sertoli cells lining the tubules, resembled those of a large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor (LCCSCT) although no calcific areas were discernible. Although the occurrence of neoplasms like germinomas and tubular adenomas is well known in the AIS, SCTAT has hitherto not been reported in a gonad of the AIS. SCTAT has been placed under an "unclassified sex cord-stromal" category in the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification, yet, opinions are divided as to its origin from a granulosa or Sertoli cell, although an overlap in the histologic features of the two cell categories is to be anticipated in view of their homologous nature. In the case presented, the close resemblance of the tumor cells to the Sertoli cells of the uninvolved gonad would further support the concept of a Sertoli line of differentiation of the SCTAT.
Particle size distributions that cannot be distinguished by their integral moments

Abstract Examples show that dissimilar particle size distributions can have identical integral moments of all orders.
Floating nights: A 5-year experience with an innovative ED schedule

Abstract An academic emergency group was surveyed to determine if scheduling night shifts in blocks (“floats”) improved attitudes and functioning. Seven physicians worked most of their nights as floats. Another four chose only isolated nights. Float physicians were surveyed for isolated and block nights. Faculty in the float group had poorer attitudes compared with the nonfloat group when both worked isolated nights ( P = .0053). Working night floats eliminated these differences. Float physicians had more difficulty with sleep regardless of their schedule. They took longer to recover from an isolated night shift, drank more coffee, and used more postcall sedatives than their colleagues ( P = .0108). The ideal night float was 2 to 4 weeks with shifts less than 10 hours, but careful attention to sleep hygiene remained essential. Physicians have different adaptability to night work. For some, concentrating night shifts is a useful strategy for improving shift work. This would require shorter shifts and larger groups than are now commonplace.
Growth of mouse mammary gland end buds cultured in a collagen gel matrix.

Abstract End buds are the growing terminal structures of the ducts in the mammary gland. They are made up of undifferentiated epithelial cells that, under the hormonal milieu of adult and pregnant females, give rise to the ducts and alveoli of the mature gland. The end buds are of interest in understanding the developmental biology of the gland. They are also likely targets for many mammary carcinogens and, therefore, of interest in understanding the biology of mammary cancer. A method was developed for isolating end buds as a pure subpopulation from collagenase and hyaluronidase digested 4-week-old C57BL/Crgl mouse mammary glands. They were cultured within a rat tail collagen gel matrix for 3 weeks and fed with media containing various combinations of sera, hormones and growth-promoting factors. Growth in response to the different media was measured by photographing individual end bud colonies over time using dark field illumination. The growth of the individual colonies was quantitated using a computer-assisted photodensitometry method of determining the colonies' mass. The end buds showed the greatest growth response (greater than 20-fold increase in 3 weeks with a minimum doubling time of 48 h) to medium supplemented with 50% equine serum and cholera toxin or with less serum (15%) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), hormones and cholera toxin. Initially, the colonies grew logarithmically, then slowed as the colony size increased. This was due, in part, to the cessation of growth by the cells in the center. This end bud culture system differs from that of dissociated mouse mammary cells in a number of ways which are discussed.
An Analogical Methodology for Analysis and Validation of Anomalous Cognitive and Linguistic Operations in Small Group (Fantasy Theme) Reports

An initial analogical methodology for the analysis and validation of anomalous cognitive and linguistic operations in small group subliteral narrative (fantasy theme) reports is presented. Subliteral narratives (fantasy themes) are linguistic expressions that carry two or more levels of meaning, often referred to as "symbolic, " "metaphoral, " or figurative language. The methodology and cognitive-linguistic operations are instantiated with data derived from protocols transcribed from small group interactions. The significance of such anomalous findings bear on cognitive research, on story narratives, similarity relations, action ships, speech errors, analogical reasoning, isomorphic relations, structure mapping, metaphor comprehension, affective schemata, and transformation of invariance. Some implications are discussed.
Aligning products with supply chain processes and strategy

Purpose – As supply chain management has become more strategic (rather than transactional) in nature the need for a more integrated perspective of how products, and processes should be aligned with strategic decisions to enhance competitive advantage has been amplified. The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of how this alignment should be done.Design/methodology/approach – A conceptual framework was developed that emphasizes the need for alignment between the key aspects of a product and its supply chain processes and highlight, the links between supply chain processes and supply chain strategy.Findings – Products can be produced with one of four distinct supply chain structures: make to stock, assemble to order, built to order and design to order. Each supply chain structure is appropriate for different products based on their demand characteristics. Each supply chain structure orients its production and logistics processes differently based on its strategic priorities.Practical ...
Triacylglyceride Thermal Cracking: Pathways to Cyclic Hydrocarbons

Thermal cracking of triacylglyceride (TG) oils results in complex mixtures, containing nearly 20% cyclic hydrocarbons, which can be further processed into middle-distillate transportation fuels and byproduct chemicals. The occurrence patterns of cyclic products obtained via the thermal cracking of several TG feedstocks, such as canola and soybean oils, as well as triolein and tristearin (conducted at 430–440 °C in the absence of catalysts under vacuum), were investigated to probe possible formation mechanisms. Detailed gas chromatographic characterization furnished full molar homology/molecular size and partial isomeric profiles for cyclopentanes, cyclopentenes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexenes, aromatics, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). It was found that the data were inconsistent with previously proposed mechanisms involving the Diels–Alder reaction as a single pathway. An alternate mechanism was proposed and supported with experimental evidence based on the intramolecular cyclization of alkenyl ...
Catalytic hydrodemetallation of nickel porphyrins. III: Acid-base modification of selectivity

The reaction network of metallo-porphyrins characteristic of metal-bearing species in residuum oil proceeds through a consecutive pathway during catalytic hydrodemetallation, involving hydrogenation prior to the final ring opening and metal-deposition step. The intrinsic reaction selectivity over commercial CoOMoO3Al2O3 catalyst, defined as the ratio of hydrogenation rate/metal-deposition rate of Ni-tetra(3-methylphenyl) porphyrin dissolved in a clean mineral oil and reacted at 345 °C and 6.99 MPa H2, was varied with acid-base additives of different electronic character. A dramatic shift in the overall rate-limiting step from hydrogenation to ring opening in the demetallation sequence was observed. Alkali dopants (Cs, Na) significantly reduced catalyst acidity and the metal-deposition activity, with only a marginal reduction in hydrogenation activity. Treatment with halogens (I, Cl) in a reducing environment enhanced the metal-deposition activity but suppressed the hydrogenation activity of the catalyst. Sulfiding had the unique effect of producing an enhancement in both the hydrogenation and metal-deposition activities relative to the oxide catalyst. The impact of these selective reaction changes was manifested in the metal-deposition profiles generated under diffusion-limited conditions.
Pressure drop and holdup in stratified gas‐liquid flow

A mathematical model and an iterative procedure to calculate holdup and pressure drop in horizontal gas-liquid flow is developed. The predictions of the model agree with well over a hundred data points collected with air-water and air-glycerine solutions in 0.0254-, 0.0381-, and 0.0508-m. diameter pilot pipelines. A design procedure using the verified model is presented.
CMOS-Compatible Wideband Silicon Modulator

A Mach-Zehnder based silicon optical modulator has been demonstrated with a bandwidth of 26 GHz and a VπL of 2 V·cm. The design of this modulator does not require an epitaxial overgrowth.
Optimizing dynamic trace signal selection using machine learning and linear programming

The success of post-silicon validation is limited by the low observability of the signals on the chip under debug. Trace buffers are used to enhance visibility of a subset of the internal signals during the chip's operation. These trace signals can be selected statically, i.e. the same trace signals are used through an entire debugging run, or dynamically where a different set of signals can be used in different parts of a debugging run. The focus of this work is on dynamic trace signal selection. Our technique uses machine learning for classification of different groups of inputs that are likely to trigger different faults, and a linear programming based optimization method for selecting the different sets of trace signals for different combinations of inputs and states. In contrast to existing methods, this technique is applicable to both transient and permanent faults.
All generalized quadrangles of order 3 are known

Abstract A generalized quadrangle of order 3 must be isomorphic either to the quadrangle P 4 or to its dual, where P 4 consists of all points of PG(3, 3) and those lines of PG(3, 3) self-conjugate with respect to a null polarity.
Functional mechanisms of motor skill acquisition

As a motor skill is learned, behavior progresses from execution of movements that appear to be separately generated to recruitment of a single entity. Movements come to be executed more quickly, require less attention, and behavior loses flexibility. Neural activity also changes. Task-related neuron activity during a movement executed as part of a motor skill differs from that during the same movement executed alone. Also, cortical planning areas (e.g., frontal and prefrontal cortices) dominate control early in learning, while less cognitive areas (e.g., striatum) dominate later. The change in behavior and neural activity suggests that different control strategies and systems are employed as the motor skill develops. We propose that the behavioral and neural progression is due to a transfer of control to different types of controllers: explicit planner, which selects movements by considering the goal; value-based, which selects movements based on estimated values of each choice; and static-policy, in which a sensory cue directly elicits a movement – no decision is made. Explicit planners require much computation (and thus time and attention) and pre-existing knowledge, but are able to make reasonable decisions with little experience and are flexible to changes in task and environment. Static-policy controllers require little computation and knowledge, but must be trained with experience and are inflexible. Value-based controllers have intermediate characteristics. Neural systems can implement these mechanisms: frontal cortices conduct planning, striatum and prefrontal cortex estimate values, and the static policy controller can be implemented by a direct mapping, such as thalamus (sensory) to striatum (motor). The progression of the behavior and neural systems associated with the progression of the controllers is similar to that seen in motor skill development. We test the validity of this scheme with computational models – based on biologically plausible mechanisms and architecture – in which an agent must execute a series of actions (analogous to movements), elicited by the controllers, to solve tasks. As the succeeding controller is trained, it selects a movement faster than the preceding controller, which relinquishes control. By comparing model behavior to human and animal behavior in analogous tasks, we show that it exhibits qualities indicative of motor skill acquisition. We also investigate how task specification and environmental conditions affect motor skill development and strategy, how the presence of existing motor skills affect the agent's strategy in solving other tasks, and the parallels between resulting model behavior and human and animal behavior. Previous models have investigated how different controllers participate in biological decision making [1] and motor control [2-4]. While each model has unique properties, they all show that the availability of different controllers improves learning and behavior.
Adults With ADHD and Sleep Complaints A Pilot Study Identifying Sleep-Disordered Breathing Using Polysomnography and Sleep Quality Assessment

Objective: ADHD and sleep-disordered breathing are both prevalent in adulthood. Because both conditions may be responsible for similar symptoms of cognitive impairment, the authors investigate whether their presentation may overlap in adults diagnosed with ADHD. Method: Data are collected from six adults with sleep complaints who were diagnosed with ADHD using rigorous clinical criteria. All participants undergo overnight polysomnography and complete questionnaires about sleep quality, circadian sleep pattern, and daytime fatigue. Results: On standardized measures, all participants report poor sleep quality, two report daytime fatigue, and none report distinct deviation from normal sleep and wake cycle pattern. Polysomnography reveals evidence of sleep-disordered breathing and sleep fragmentation in all participants. Conclusion: Objective evidence of breathing-related sleep disorders can be found in some adults with carefully diagnosed ADHD who report sleep complaints. This report highlights the importanc...
Solution aggregation of anti-trypanosomal N-(2-naphthylmethyl)ated polyamines

Abstract Trypanosomatidae parasites are responsible for many human and animal diseases including African sleeping sickness, Chagas’ disease, and Nagana cattle disease. Since current treatment of trypanosome infections is difficult and often ineffective in controlling the chronic phases of these diseases, more effective anti-trypanosomal drugs are urgently needed. One class of polyamines containing hydrophobic side chains shows promise. However, conformational information regarding their interaction with the target enzyme trypanothione reductase has yet to be obtained. As prelude to such studies, we have made preliminary studies of novel spermine and spermidine analogs bearing one or two N -substituted 2-naphthylmethyl groups dissolved in aqueous solution. Our studies suggest the pH-dependent formation of fluorescent aggregates involving either the encounter of two excited-state naphthyl groups (“excimer”) or formation of an excited-state complex (“exciplex”) formed as a consequence of amine-to-naphthyl electron transfer. These spectral changes may be used to explore the mechanism by which N -(2-naphthylmethyl) polyamine analogs exert their toxic effects toward the design of improved candidates for anti-trypanosomal chemotherapy.
Reflections About Bisexuality and the Journal of Bisexuality

In this reflection, the authors consider their previous work related to bisexuality in their scholarship and teaching and within a historical context. Although they have had some very different life circumstances and taught in very different institutions, the experiences they had with biphobia and stereotypes about bisexuality have been remarkably similar. They end with some thoughts on the future of the field, urging that a more serious consideration of intersectionality will move knowledge forward in a more positive way than focusing on sexual identities in isolation.
Weight management for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities: rationale and design for an 18 month randomized trial.

Weight management for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) has received limited attention. Studies on weight management in this population have been conducted over short time frames, in small samples with inadequate statistical power, infrequently used a randomized design, and have not evaluated the use of emerging effective dietary strategies such as pre-packaged meals (PMs). Low energy/fat PMs may be useful in individuals with IDD as they simplify meal planning, limit undesirable food choices, teach appropriate portion sizes, are convenient and easy to prepare, and when combined with fruits and vegetables provide a high volume, low energy dense meal. A randomized effectiveness trial will be conducted in 150 overweight/obese adults with mild to moderate IDD, and their study partners to compare weight loss (6 months) and weight maintenance (12 months) between 2 weight management approaches: 1. A Stop Light Diet enhanced with reduced energy/fat PMs (eSLD); and 2. A recommended care reduced energy/fat meal plan diet (RC). The primary aim is to compare weight loss (0–6 months) and weight maintenance (7–18 months) between the eSLD and RC diets. Secondarily, changes in chronic disease risk factors between the eSLD and RC diets including blood pressure, glucose, insulin, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol will be compared during both weight loss and weight maintenance. Finally, potential mediators of weight loss including energy intake, physical activity, data recording, adherence to the diet, study partner self-efficacy and daily stress related to dietary change will be explored.
Underutilization of thrombolytic therapy in eligible women with acute myocardial infarction.

New methods for the management of coronary artery disease are almost always evaluated in male patients or in groups of patients who are predominantly male.1 This bias is in part due to the fact that men develop coronary artery disease more frequently and at an earlier age than do women.2 This problem is compounded by the usual practice of excluding elderly patients from therapeutic trials. Most trials of thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have an upper age limit of 70 or 75 years, as was the case in our own trials.3 Because thrombolytic therapy has been largely evaluated in men, we have been concerned that once this therapy was demonstrated to be effective, it might be preferentially applied. In this analysis, we attempt to specify the role of gender in the eligibility for and use of thrombolytic therapy.
Estimation and Extrapolation of Tumor Probabilities from a Mouse Bioassay with Survival/Sacrifice Components

A nonparametric estimator of the probability distribution of time-to-tumor is incorporated into an algorithm for calculating linearly extrapolated dosage limits from an animal carcino-genesis bioassay. The procedure is illustrated with tumor data from a mouse bioassay with 2-acetylaminofluorene. Extrapolated dosage limits for an excess risk of 10-6 differ by only a factor of 2 across the six replicates of the experiment.
Autonomic and cardiovascular responses of preschool children to television programs

This exploratory study examined the heart rates (HR) and skin temperatures (ST) of 18 preschool children while they viewed two clips of everyday children's television (TV) programming. The measurements were made in a day care setting, in a naturalistic environment designed to mimic the real world of children's TV viewing. The purpose of the study was to determine whether cardiovascular and autonomic arousal to TV programming might occur in some children. Since a large body of psychosocial literature addresses the affects of TV violence on children, HR and ST were examined during exposure to scenes from Mr. Roger's Neighborhood and G.I. Joe cartoons. The Mr. Roger's clip was slow, rhythmic, prosocial, and nonviolent, while the G.I. Joe clip was fast-paced, staccato, colorful, and full of verbal and action violence. The study found a significant effect of exposure to the cartoon violence on HR, with HR increasing. ST decreased, but not significantly, and there was a significant effect of time on the ST, due possibly to habituation. This finding has relevance to nursing assessment, intervention, and education of parents and children, since TV viewing is a pervasive cultural phenomenon. The possibility of excessive or inappropriate autonomic and cardiovascular responsiveness in some children to TV must be considered.
Facilitating feedbacks between field measurements and ecosystem models

Ecological models help us understand how ecosystems function, predict responses to global change, and identify future research needs. However, widespread use of models is limited by the technical challenges of model–data synthesis and information management. To address these challenges, we present an ecoinformatic workflow, the Predictive Ecosystem Analyzer (PEcAn), which facilitates model analysis. Herein we describe the PEcAn modules that synthesize plant trait data to estimate model parameters, propagate parameter uncertainties through to model output, and evaluate the contribution of each parameter to model uncertainty. We illustrate a comprehensive approach to the estimation of parameter values, starting with a statement of prior knowledge that is refined by species-level data using Bayesian meta-analysis; this is the first use of a rigorous meta-analysis to inform the parameters of a mechanistic ecosystem model. Parameter uncertainty is propagated using ensemble methods to estimate model uncertainty...
Molecular weight differences in chicken isoantibodies.

SummaryEighteen chicken blood typing antisera were fractionated into different molecular weight classes by passing through a column of Sephadex G-200 gel. These antisera, prepared by isoimmunization, were specific for antigens of 5 blood group systems. Antibody activity in sera specific for two systems (D and L) was present in the high but not the low molecular weight fraction. With A, B and C sera, antibody activity was usually present in both fractions although B antibodies were primarily of low molecular weight. The property of the agglutinated erythrocytes to stick to glass was associated with the low molecular weight chicken antibodies. Differences in the time required for strong agglutination were also associated with molecular weight. With the macroglobulins the incubation period required for agglutination was about 4 times longer than with low molecular weight antibodies.
Electrical and surface properties of clay-conducting polymer composites

Organic guests such as aniline, pyrrole and thiophene polymerize on the surface and in the intergallery regions of smectite clays which contain exchangeable transition metal cations such as Cu2+ and Fe3+. We monitor these reactions in thin films of smectite clays using electron spin resonance (ESR) and impedance spectroscopies. Polymers that form on the surface and in the interlayer region are studied by scanning force microscopy (SFM). ESR studies have shown that the transition metal ions are reduced during the polymerization process. Impedance measurements indicate that the formation of conducting polymer in the interlayer region of dry, Cu2+ exchanged hectorite thin films results in a dramatic reduction in observed impedance. SFM scans indicate that the conducting polymers can adopt a variety of morphologies on the surfaces of the films and within the intergalleries of the host framework. These studies have applications in the development of advanced materials including microsensors and novel nanocomposites.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Oral Fluoride Retention with Thixotropic and APF Gels and Foam-lined and Unlined Trays

Ten child volunteers each received four topical fluoride applications using different techniques. The amounts of fluoride applied, recovered from the mouth, and retained in the mouth were calculated for each treatment. The value of patient expectoration following topical F treatment was also evaluated. The tray system with an absorptive liner significantly reduced the amount of gross oral-retained fluoride (p < 0.01). Expectoration following topical treatment with either an APF or thixotropic gel was a significant adjunct in reducing the net oral-retained F dose (p < 0.01). When expectoration is done following a topical F treatment, a thixotropic gel may be an added advantage in reducing oral F retention and ingestion. We recommend that suction devices be used during a topical F treatment, but most importantly that the patient be requested to expectorate thoroughly following topical treatment.
One hundred years of diffraction theory

The development of diffraction theory in the last 100 years is discussed from a personal viewpoint, with emphasis on the geometrical theory of diffraction. First some early work of Kirchhoff, Rayleigh, Sommerfeld, MacDonald and others is mentioned to indicate the state of the field in the 1940's. Next the author's work during World War II is described. Then the considerations that led him to the geometrical theory of diffraction are explained, and the defects of that theory are outlined. Finally the advances in the theory since its introduction, which have remedied many of these defects, are mentioned.
MULTIPLE INSEMINATION AND SPERM STORAGE IN THE ISOPOD, VENEZILLO EVERGLADENSIS SCHULTZ, 1963

[In dieser Arbeit wird versucht, beim terrestrischen Isopoden Venezillo evergladensis den relativen Beitrag zu schatzen, der nach Paarung eines Weibchens mit mehreren Mannchen hintereinander von diesen zu den resultierenden Mischungen gespeicherten Spermas geleistet wird. Mit Hilfe von drei die Farbmuster kontrollierenden Genloci lassen sich die Beitrage von 2-3 aufeinanderfolgenden Mannchen identifizieren. Mehrfache Besamung fuhrt zu Spermamischungen, bei denen das erste Mannchen groseren Befruchtungserfolg erzielt als das zweite und dritte, und das zweite einen groseren als das dritte Mannchen. Vorrangiger Befruchtungserfolg durch das zuletzt gekommene Mannchen existiert nicht. Jungfrauliche oder junge Weibchen bieten den Mannchen groseren Fortpflanzungerfolg, so das die Selektion zweifellos jede Fahigkeit der Mannchen begunstigen durfte, solche Weibchen zu erkennen. Die Vorteile der Spermamischung sind folgende: 1. Die Frequenz von Vollgeschwistern in der Nachkommenschaft eines Weibchens nimmt ab. Da Paarungen von Vollgeschwistern zu einer Minderung des Fortpflanzungserfolgs fuhren, bietet der Anteil von Halbgeschwistern an der Nachkommenschaft eines Weibchens die Moglichkeit, dem entgegenzuwirken. 2. Langandauernde Spermaspeicherung verbessert die Stabilitat von Polymorphismen. 3. Die effektive Populationsgrose ist groser, als es auf Grund der Anzahl lebender Individuen den Anschein hat. Dadurch verringert sich die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Auswirkungen von Gendrift., In dieser Arbeit wird versucht, beim terrestrischen Isopoden Venezillo evergladensis den relativen Beitrag zu schatzen, der nach Paarung eines Weibchens mit mehreren Mannchen hintereinander von diesen zu den resultierenden Mischungen gespeicherten Spermas geleistet wird. Mit Hilfe von drei die Farbmuster kontrollierenden Genloci lassen sich die Beitrage von 2-3 aufeinanderfolgenden Mannchen identifizieren. Mehrfache Besamung fuhrt zu Spermamischungen, bei denen das erste Mannchen groseren Befruchtungserfolg erzielt als das zweite und dritte, und das zweite einen groseren als das dritte Mannchen. Vorrangiger Befruchtungserfolg durch das zuletzt gekommene Mannchen existiert nicht. Jungfrauliche oder junge Weibchen bieten den Mannchen groseren Fortpflanzungerfolg, so das die Selektion zweifellos jede Fahigkeit der Mannchen begunstigen durfte, solche Weibchen zu erkennen. Die Vorteile der Spermamischung sind folgende: 1. Die Frequenz von Vollgeschwistern in der Nachkommenschaft eines Weibchens nimmt ab. Da Paarungen von Vollgeschwistern zu einer Minderung des Fortpflanzungserfolgs fuhren, bietet der Anteil von Halbgeschwistern an der Nachkommenschaft eines Weibchens die Moglichkeit, dem entgegenzuwirken. 2. Langandauernde Spermaspeicherung verbessert die Stabilitat von Polymorphismen. 3. Die effektive Populationsgrose ist groser, als es auf Grund der Anzahl lebender Individuen den Anschein hat. Dadurch verringert sich die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Auswirkungen von Gendrift.]
Unusual weathering products of oldhamite parentage in the Norton County enstatite achondrite

Oldhamite, CaS, is found only in enstatite chondrites and enstatite achondrites. During the course of a comprehensive study of Norton County, oldhamite was found in several polished thin sections of enstatite achondrite. Inspection of thousands of specimens of Norton County showed that occasionally white, pale-yellow and brown specks, generally a few millimeters in size, occur on their surfaces. X-ray powder analysis of these materials shows that they contain portlandite, Ca(OH)2, vaterite (CaCO3, hexagonal), calcite (CaCO3, trigonal), bassanite (CaSO4 1/2 H2O) and one unknown species. It is suggested that these minerals were produced by terrestrial weathering of oldhamite.
Differential regulation of human YY1 and caspase 7 promoters by prohibitin through E2F1 and p53 binding sites

Prohibitin is a 30 kDa growth suppressive protein that has pleiotropic functions in the cell. Although prohibitin has been demonstrated to have potent transcriptional regulatory functions, it has also been proposed to facilitate protein folding in the mitochondria and promote cell migration in association with Raf-1. Our previous studies have shown that prohibitin physically interacts with the marked-box domain of E2F family members and represses their transcriptional activity; in contrast, prohibitin could bind to and enhance the transcriptional activity of p53. Here, we show that promoters of human YY1 (Yin and Yang 1) as well as caspase 7 genes are modulated by prohibitin. YY1 promoter activity was reduced upon overexpression of prohibitin, while it was enhanced when prohibitin was depleted by small interfering RNA techniques. The repressive effects of prohibitin on the YY1 promoter were mediated through E2F binding sites, as seen by mutational analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Further, depletion of E2F1 prevented prohibitin from repressing the YY1 promoter. In contrast with YY1, prohibitin overexpression led to enhanced levels of caspase 7, whereas depletion of prohibitin reduced it. Interestingly, the caspase 7 promoter was found to have p53-binding sites and prohibitin activated this promoter through p53. These studies show that prohibitin can have diverse effects on the expression of different genes and the activity of various cellular promoters is affected by prohibitin. Further, it appears very likely that prohibitin carries out many of its cellular functions by affecting the transcription of different genes.
Applying the Quadruple Process model to evaluate change in implicit attitudinal responses during therapy for panic disorder.

Objective This study explored the automatic and controlled processes that may influence performance on an implicit measure across cognitive-behavioral group therapy for panic disorder.
Median and tibial somatosensory evoked potentials. Changes in short- and long-latency components in patients with lesions of the thalamus and thalamo-cortical radiations.

Abstract Alterations in short- and long-latency components of median and tibial somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were studied in patients with lesions in the thalamus and thalamo-cortical radiations. When the lesions were located primarily in the ventro-posterior thalamus, the SEP changes consisted of the following combination: (1) absence of response; (2) decrease in response amplitude; (3) delay in peak latency; and (4) attenuation of median N20-P25 and tibial P40. The laterally situated ventro-posterior lesions tended to preferentially affect tibial SEPs whereas the medially situated lesions tended to preferentially affect median SEPs. The lateral thalamic lesions affected primarily the long-latency SEP components, whereas the medial thalamic lesions affected primarily the mid-latency or the mid- and long-latency SEP components. Corona radiata infarcts produced SEP changes similar to those with the ventro-posterior thalamic lesions except that absence of evoked responses was not observed. Subcortical infarcts tended to affect the mid- and long-latency SEP components with relative preservation of the short-latency components. The present data indicate that only the lesions involving the primary thalamic relay area affected all SEP components, particularly the short-latency components, and that the lesions in other thalamic areas can also influence the SEPs, particularly the mid-and long-latency components. The present study further demonstrates that a combined use of median and tibial SEPs is useful in delineating the topographic organization of the somatosensory system in the thalamus.
Abelian projective planes of square order

We prove that, under certain conditions, multipliers of an abelian projective plane of square order have odd order modulo v*, where v* is the exponent of the underlying Singer group. As a consequence, we are able to establish the non-existence of an infinite number of abelian projective planes of square order.
A galactoglucomannan from extracellular polysaccharides of suspension-cultured cells of Nicotiana tabacum

Abstract A polysaccharide containing d -xylose, l -arabinose, d -mannose, d -galactose and d -glucose residues in the molar ratio of 0.07:0.16:1.
Ultrasound Velocity in Fixed Human Liver: Empirical Anova and Regression Modelling on Histologically Assessed Abnormalities

Anova and “dummy variables” least squares regression methods are used to investigate the dependence of ultrasound propagation velocity on the presence or absence of fat and on the rank ordered level of cirrhosis in fixed human liver. Cirrhosis is found to affect velocity in a nonlinear fashion, while fat depresses the velocities toward lower values. Quantifications of these effects and statistical analyses of their magnitudes are presented. The results represent a contribution toward the empirical understanding of the effects of tissue abnormalities on the velocity of ultrasound propagation in fixed human tissues.
Techniques to determine rate of metabolism of C14-labeled alfalfa in the bovine rumen.

Abstract In an earlier experiment, it was not possible to predict with certainty the rate of metabolism of one feeding of C 14 -labeled alfalfa hay, because rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) arising from the metabolism of unlabeled hay from previous or subsequent feedings diluted specific activity (SA) of VFA arising from the single feeding of labeled hay. In this study the extent of dilution of SA of rumen VFA by VFA arising from previous or subsequent feedings was determined by fasting a cow after a single feeding of C 14 -labeled alfalfa or by emptying her rumen of all digesta, replenishing the rumen with strained rumen fluid before feeding C 14 -labeled alfalfa, then fasting the cow. In both instances, SA of rumen VFA increased rapidly after feeding, reached a peak between 5 and 9 hr, then declined. The decline was less rapid than in the earlier experiment when the animals were fed hay at 12-hr intervals. On the basis of total activity of rumen VFA, the most active rumen metabolism of C 14 -labeled alfalfa occurred between 4 and 8 hr. The most active metabolism of cellulose occurred during the first 12 hr, with little after 36 hr.
Cheminformatics Approach to Gene Silencing: Z Descriptors of Nucleotides and SVM Regression Afford Predictive Models for siRNA Potency

Short interfering RNA mediated gene silencing technology has been through tremendous development over the past decade, and has found broad applications in both basic biomedical research and pharmaceutical development. Critical to the effective use of this technology is the development of reliable algorithms to predict the potency and selectivity of siRNAs under study. Existing algorithms are mostly built upon sequence information of siRNAs and then employ statistical pattern recognition or machine learning techniques to derive rules or models. However, sequence-based features have limited ability to characterize siRNAs, especially chemically modified ones. In this study, we proposed a cheminformatics approach to describe siRNAs. Principal component scores (z1, z2, z3, z4) have been derived for each of the 5 nucleotides (A, U, G, C, T) from the descriptor matrix computed by the MOE program. Descriptors of a given siRNA sequence are simply the concatenation of the z values of its composing nucleotides. Thus, for each of the 2431 siRNA sequences in the Huesken dataset, 76 descriptors were generated for the 19-NT representation, and 84 descriptors were generated for the 21-NT representation of siRNAs. Support Vector Machine regression (SVMR) was employed to develop predictive models. In all cases, the models achieved Pearson correlation coefficient r and R about 0.84 and 0.65 for the training sets and test sets, respectively. A minimum of 25 % of the whole dataset was needed to obtain predictive models that could accurately predict 75 % of the remaining siRNAs. Thus, for the first time, a cheminformatics approach has been developed to successfully model the structure-potency relationship in siRNA-based gene silencing data, which has laid a solid foundation for quantitative modeling of chemically modified siRNAs.
Review of the experience with cefprozil for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections.

A regimen of cefprozil (500 mg twice daily), a new oral cephalosporin with a broad in vitro spectrum of antimicrobial activity, was compared to standard regimens of cefaclor (500 mg three times daily), cefuroxime axetil (500 mg twice daily), or amoxicillin/clavulanate (500 mg/125 mg three times daily) for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections (mainly bronchitis and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis) in adults in three open-label, randomized trials. In the first trial, in which bacterial pathogens were isolated in initial cultures for only one-third of the patients, 90% of the pathogens were susceptible to cefprozil. A satisfactory clinical response was noted for 84% of the evaluable patients who received cefprozil versus 79% of those who received cefaclor for treatment of lower respiratory tract infections; rates of bacteriologic efficacy were 82% and 78%, respectively. In the second study rates of satisfactory clinical response were 96% with cefprozil and 83% with cefuroxime axetil (P less than .03) for treatment of bronchitis; the respective bacteriologic response rates were 100% and 92%. In the third trial, clinical efficacy was 91% for cefprozil and 87% for amoxicillin/clavulanate for treatment of bronchitis; bacteriologic efficacy was 95% and 96%, respectively. Tolerability and safety profiles were comparable, except that there was a higher rate of diarrhea among patients who received amoxicillin/clavulanate (P = .03).
Surgical treatment of Peyronie disease with dacron graft.

Abstract Four severe cases of Peyronie disease treated with plaque excision and insertion of a Dacron graft are presented. All 4 patients have had encouraging results, with follow-up ranging from six months to three and one-half years. They have little or no penile curvature, and all are capable of intercourse. One patient had a wound infection and skin slough necessitating pedicle grafting; but the Dacron graft was saved, and the patient has done well subsequently.
Conformational and vibrational analysis of butyronitrile

Abstract IR and Raman spectra have been obtained for butyronitrile and are interpreted with the aid of normal coordinate calculations. This compound exists as trans and gauche conformers in the liquid and amorphous solid states, but only the gauche conformer is present in the crystalline solid. Simultaneous calculations for propionitrile and the two conformers of butyronitrile result in an average error of 4.7 cm−1, or 0.42%. Vibrational assignments are made for all three molecules in terms of ordinary symmetry coordinates.
The reaction of radiation-generated free radicals with cobalt(II) and cobalt(III) complexes containing macrocyclic ligands

Abstract The reactions of radiation-generated free radicals with complexes of cobalt(III) and cobalt(II) containing the tetradentate 14-membered macrocyclic ligands 5,7,7,12,14,14 - hexamethyl - 1,4,8,11 - tetraazacyclotetradeca - 4,11 - diene (4,11 - dieneN4), 5,7,7,12,12,14 - hexamethyl - 1,4,8,11 - tetraazacyclotetradeca - 4,14 - diene (4,14 - dieneN4), and 2,3,9,10 - tetramethyl - 1,4,8,11 - tetraazacyclotetradeca - 1,3,8,10 - tetraene (1,3,8,10 - tetraeneN4) have been studied in aqueous solution using pulse radiolysis. The cobalt(III) complexes can be reduced to cobalt(II) by eaq−, CO2− and (CH3)2 Z. COH with the rate constants of the reactions depending upon the nature of the macrocycle and the axial ligand coordinated to the metal center. The rate constants and transient spectra arising from the reactions of the cobalt(II) species with H atoms, CH3 radicals, and Br2− radicals have also been determined.
A nonhormonal model for emergency contraception: prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor effects on luteal function and lifespan, a pilot study.

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study is to determine if the use of a specific prostaglandin endoperoxide-2 inhibitor will prevent luteal development in women. Study Design Ovulatory reproductive-aged women not using or needing hormonal contraception were prospectively followed for three menstrual cycles. Women were randomized into two groups using a crossover design [Group 1: control cycle, placebo cycle, active drug (celecoxib 400 mg orally) cycle; Group 2: control cycle, celecoxib cycle, placebo cycle]. Study drug was dosed daily until the onset of the next menses. Demographics, menstrual cycle length and twice-weekly progesterone (P) levels during the placebo and active drug cycles were recorded. End points included the change in luteal phase P levels and menstrual cycle length (days) during active drug exposure. Results A total of 11 women completed the study (Group 1, n=7; Group 2, n=4). No demographic differences were found between groups [age, race, body mass index (BMI), control cycle length]. A comparison of the control and active drug cycles for all participants demonstrated a trend toward a longer menstrual cycle with active drug exposure [control, 27.2 days (SD, 2.4); study drug, 28.5 days (SD, 2.5), p=.09]. Five women had a delay in the rise of their luteal phase P levels, two women had lower peak P levels and two women had no elevation of luteal phase P levels during active drug cycle as compared to placebo cycle. Conclusion Daily administration of a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor may delay the timing of luteal events and, therefore, fertility in women. PTGS2 inhibitors may hold potential as an emergency contraceptive.
Raman Spectra of N -Phenylglycine and Its Sodium Salt

The addition product of N-phenylglycine (NPG) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) has been shown effective in promoting adhesion between the inorganic component of teeth and acrylic dental restorations. As part of a program of research on adhesive restorative dental materials we have obtained the Raman spectra of N-phenylglycine and its sodium salt.
Flexible, dynamic injection of structured advice using byteman

Byteman is a flexible, dynamic advice injection tool for Java. It uses an Event Condition Action rule script language to structure placement and control execution of injected Java code fragments. The Byteman agent can be loaded at application startup or into a running application and rules can be loaded, unloaded and reloaded while the application continues running.This makes Byteman ideal for use in live deployments, simplifying tracing and diagnosis of bugs and investigation and monitoring of performance issues. Byteman is also very useful during all stages of testing. Tests can inject rules into an application or subsystem during test initialisation or as the test progresses, redirecting or breaking the application code at strategic points and validating application behaviour. This limits the need to write harness or mock code, and minimises the extent to which the test distorts normal execution, ensuring that test conditions are as close to live running as possible.Byteman is being used widely within JBoss to perform unit, integration and system testing. Our customer support team use it to perform tracing, debugging and validation of JVM, JBoss and customer code, both inhouse and in live deployments. We are currently developing an extensible, reconfigurable statistical performance monitoring package for JBoss AS based on Byteman. We expect this to be easily extended by JBoss AS customers to enable monitoring of their own applications.This paper employs real examples of these use cases to demonstrate how Byteman works. It shows how Byteman makes advice injection simpler, quicker and more interactive than alternative tools without sacrificing power or rigour.
Dependence of observed feature properties upon thermographic physical parameters

Factors bearing upon the resolution and thermal precision achievable in a thermographic imaging system are well known but related in a rather complex way. Among these are the detector dimensions, optical focal length and aperture, electronic sampling rate and acquisition aperture, and angular dependence of the object's emissivity. A systematic examination of these parameters has been undertaken in order to evaluate the effect of resolution on the apparent temperature of small, high-contrast features and the significance of surface orientation in compromising accuracy of the thermal measurement. >
Molecular and biomolecular monolayers on diamond as an interface to biology

Covalent modification of diamond surfaces with molecular monolayers serves as a starting point for linking biomolecules such as DNA and proteins to surfaces. DNA-modified diamond surfaces show excellent selectivity for hybridization with complementary vs. noncomplementary sequences and outstanding stability. These biomolecular recognition events also lead to changes in the conductivity of the interface via a molecular field effect in which the negative charge on the DNA molecules alters the conductivity in the diamond thin film. Chemical modification of the diamond with ethylene glycol oligomers leads to surfaces that effectively resist the nonspecific adsorption of proteins and other biomolecules to the surface. These outstanding physical and chemical properties of chemically modified diamond surfaces present new opportunities for the use of diamond thin films in biological applications.
Bursar accounts, payroll deduction, and debt collection : A three-channel approach to lost item reimbursement

In 2003, Penn State Libraries implemented payroll deduction and collection agency programs to gain better control of accounts receivable. The author reports on the implementation processes and first year outcomes of the programs. She recommends careful consideration of several questions before implementing such measures.