cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AUTO-IONIZATION IN MOLECULAR SYSTEMS.

When one of the electrons in a diatomic molecule is highly excited, the molecular system is, in many respects, similar to a hydrogen atom; a single electron moves in the field of a small, singly charged core. These states, called Rydberg states of the diatomic molecule, can essentially be characterized by hydrogenic quantum numbers $n$ and $l$, provided that $n$ is large enough so that the orbital radius of the Rydberg electron is large compared to the dimensions of the ion core. However, unlike the hydrogen atom, the ionic core generates not only a Coulomb field, but higher multipole potentials as well. In addition, the ionic core can be vibrationally and rotationally excited with excitation energies greater than the binding energy of the Rydberg electron. When this happens, auto-ionization can occur. This process is very similar to the nuclear internal-conversion process in which an excited nucleus, instead of emitting a $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ ray, de-excites by giving up its energy directly to an atomic electron. By taking advantage of the similarity between the autoionization and internal-conversion processes, auto-ionization lifetimes for Rydberg states of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and HD are calculated. These results are compared with experimental results and with those obtained from an alternative approach.
New soybean oil‐Styrene‐Divinylbenzene thermosetting copolymers—IV. Good damping properties

New polymeric materials have been prepared by the cationic copolymerization of regular soybean oil, low saturation soybean oil, i.e. LoSatSoy oil, or conjugated LoSatSoy oil with styrene and divinylbenzene, norbornadiene or dicyclopentadiene initiated by boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BF3·OEt2) or related modified initiators. The effects of the stoichiometry, the type of soybean oil and the alkene comonomer on the damping behavior of the resulting polymers have been investigated. The damping properties have been quantitatively evaluated by the loss tangent maximum (tan δ)max, ­the temperature range ΔT for efficient damping (tan δ > 0.3), and the integrals of the linear tan δ v. temperature curves (tan δ area, TA). These bulk materials are composed primarily of soybean oil-styrene-divinylbenzene random copolymers with considerable variability in the backbone compositions. The good damping properties of the soybean oil polymers are presumably determined by the presence of fatty acid ester side groups directly attached to the polymer backbone and the segmental heterogeneities resulting from crosslinking. In general, crosslinking reduces the (tan δ)max and the TA values, but broadens the region of efficient damping (ΔT). Soybean oil polymeric materials with appropriate compositions and crosslink densities are capable of efficiently damping over a temperature region in excess of 110 °C and provide noise and vibration attenuation over broad temperature and frequency ranges. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistical approach to experimental design to determine the effect of extrusion variables on the mechanical properties of an Al-Li alloy

The objective of this research study was to utilize the statistical design of experiments method to analyze and evaluate the influence of the extrusion process manufacturing parameters on some given mechanical properties for an aluminum-lithium alloy with a given composition and post-extrusion thermal processing. The goal was to analyze and determine if variations in specific extrusion processing variables or parameters had a statistically significant effect on some given mechanical properties such as yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and ductility. The layout for the design experiment consisted of two extrusion temperatures and two extrusion geometries. The layout also included six cross section areas nested in two extrusion geometries. Thus, the design of the experiment was a mixture of a nested structure and a factorial structure, i.e. a nested factorial design. This design included interactions crossed between the extrusion temperature and the extrusion geometry, and the extrusion temperature with the cross sectional area. Thus, there was a possibility of twelve different treatment combinations that made up the design of experiments method. It was found that the extrusion geometry was at least 95% statistically significant with respect to the mechanical properties of interest and that the extrusion temperature was not significant at this level.
Delayed-immediate breast reconstruction: technical and timing considerations.

Background: In 2002, the author implemented a new two-stage approach, “delayed-immediate breast reconstruction,” for patients who desire breast reconstruction and who are at an increased risk for conditions necessitating postmastectomy radiotherapy. There is increasing acceptance of this approach in clinical practice. This report highlights important technical and timing considerations in delayed-immediate reconstruction that help ensure the best outcomes with low rates of expander loss. Methods: Stage 1 of delayed-immediate reconstruction consists of skin-sparing mastectomy with insertion of a saline-filled tissue expander to serve as an adjustable scaffold to preserve the three-dimensional shape of the breast skin envelope. Patients who do not require postmastectomy radiation therapy undergo stage 2 (definitive breast reconstruction) within 2 weeks after stage 1 to avoid delays in the start of adjuvant chemotherapy and to preserve the ptotic shape of the preserved breast skin envelope. In patients who do require radiation, the tissue expander is deflated before the therapy to create a flat chest wall surface to permit modern three-beam radiation delivery. Beginning 2 weeks after completion of radiation therapy, the expander is reinflated to the predeflation volume. Three months after the therapy, a “skin-preserving” delayed reconstruction is performed, with removal of the expander and transfer of an autologous tissue flap. Conclusions: Delayed-immediate reconstruction allows patients who do not require postmastectomy radiation therapy to receive the benefits of skin-sparing mastectomy with aesthetic outcomes similar to those of immediate reconstruction. Patients who do require radiation receive a skin-preserving delayed reconstruction, while avoiding the problems that can be associated with radiation delivery after an immediate breast reconstruction.
Robust and resilient designs from the bottom-up: Technology, CAD, circuit, and system issues

The semiconductor industry is facing a critical research challenge: design future high performance and energy efficient systems while satisfying historical standards for reliability and lower costs. The primary cause of this challenge is device and circuit parameter variability, which results from the manufacturing process and system operation. As technology scales, the adverse impact of these variations on system-level metrics increases. In this paper, we describe an interdisciplinary effort toward robust and resilient designs that mitigate the effects of device and circuit parameter variations in order to enhance system performance, energy efficiency, and reliability. Collaboration between the technology, CAD, circuit, and system levels of the compute hierarchy can foster the development of cost-effective and efficient solutions.
A Synoptic Evaluation of Frequencies and Intensities of Extreme Three-and 24-Hour Rainfall in Louisiana∗

This research classifies extreme three-hour and 24-hour rainfall events in Louisiana by synoptic weather types (Frontal, Gulf Tropical Disturbance, and Air Mass). These classes were used to analyze differences in frequencies and intensities of extreme rainfall. Significant differences were found in the storm frequencies by weather type. However, no significant differences were detected in rainfall intensities between weather types during either duration. These findings have a bearing on statistical procedures associated with estimating storm probabilities in the region.
PIK3CA mutations rarely demonstrate genotypic intratumoral heterogeneity and are selected for in breast cancer progression

PIK3CA gene mutations are the most common activating mutations in human breast cancer. Its association with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer makes it a prime target for clinical therapeutic advances to maintain anti-estrogen responsiveness. In anticipation of this therapeutic approach, we have evaluated intratumoral heterogeneity in primary breast cancers with regard to PIK3CA mutation status. In addition, we have assessed for the presence of the mutation in paired pre-invasive breast cancer and metastases. To assess for intratumoral heterogeneity, separate tumor blocks from primary breast cancers (n = 63) were genotyped for PIK3CA mutations. Available paired tissue samples from breast tumors known to harbor mutations underwent massARRAY genotyping (n = 70) to identify PIK3CA and AKT1(E17K) mutations. Cores were macro-dissected from matched tissue, including normal breast, benign lymph nodes (LN), ductal carcinoma in situ, regional LN metastases, and distant metastases. Matched samples underwent genetic fingerprinting by multiple SNP genotyping to confirm genetic identity. Intratumoral heterogeneity is minimal with a concordance rate of 95.2% between two different blocks from primary breast cancers. Complete concordance of PIK3CA mutations is noted between primary breast cancer and DCIS. PIK3CA mutations in primary breast cancer are detected in matched regional LNs (91.7%) and distant metastases (100%). Mutation detection by massARRAY genotyping is sensitive but may be affected by sample quality. Intratumoral heterogeneity as measured by PIK3CA genotype is rare; PIK3CA mutations occur early and are selected for in breast cancer progression. HapMap analysis is an essential control for paired sample analysis. This data is clinically important, particularly, for the design of therapies targeting the PI3K/AKT pathway, as it offers confidence that the detection of PIK3CA mutations in the invasive primary tumor will accurately reflect breast cancer biology.
Effect of indomethacin and adrenocorticotrophic hormone on renal function in man: an experimental model of inappropriate antidiuresis.

The effect of prostaglandin synthesis inhibition on basal and ACTH-stimulated adrenal and renal function was investigated in normal volunteers. Data were collected during control and experimental study periods (13 days each). Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (Cosyntropin, 80 U/day) was administered i.v. on days 8 and 9 of each period. Indomethacin (150 mg/day) was given on days 5 through 13 of the experimental period. The subjects ate a constant diet containing 9 mEq of sodium, 100 mEq of potassium, and 2,500 ml of fluid daily. Indomethacin markedly inhibited urinary PGE excretion and plasma PGE concentration. The effect of ACTH alone as compared to the effect of ACTH and indomethacin showed: plasma sodium concentration, 139 +/- 1 vs. 131 +/ 3 mEg/liter (P less than 0.01, mean +/- SEM); plasma osmolality, 287 +/- 3 vs. 270 +/- 3 mOsm/liter (P less than 0.01); free water clearance, 97 +/- 66 vs. -1100 +/- 380 ml/24hr (P less than 0.01); urine volume, 2,000 +/- 60 vs. 950 +/- 200 ml/day (P less than 0.01); and urine osmolality 282 +/- 12 vs. 720 +/- 144 mOsm/liter (P less than 0.01). We conclude that the effects of ACTH and prostaglandin synthesis inhibition interact to result in inappropriate antidiuresis.
Transcription of the S-2 maize mitochondrial plasmid.

Mitochondria from S (male-sterile) and RU (male-fertile) maize cytoplasms contain both autonomous plasmids and copies of plasmid sequences integrated into the mitochondrial genome. The S-2 plasmid in S, which appears essentially the same as the R-2 plasmid in RU, contains two large open reading frames (ORFs) that may encode gene products required for plasmid maintainance and replication. Transcripts from both ORF1 and ORF2 are readily detected in cytoplasms having free plasmids. The 5′ ends of these RNAs, which are transcribed from opposite ends of the plasmid, correspond to nucleotide position 32 within each of the 208 bp terminal inverted repeats (IRs). In Normal (fertile) and Revertant S (now fertile) cytoplasms that have only integrated copies of the S-2 sequence, transcripts from the S-2 ORFs are either present in greatly reduced amounts, or not detectable. The loss of transcriptional activity is correlated with deletions of, or nucleotide changes within, the IRs associated with the integrated S-2 ORFs. Evidence for transcription of non-plasmid DNA adjacent to integrated IRs suggests that both free-plasmid and integrated forms of the plasmid IR have promoter-like activity.
A Unified Model for the Acceleration-Produced Burning Rate Augmentation of Metalized Solid Propellants

Abstract Experiments have shown that acceleration of metalized composite propellants can affect an increased burning rate. The pressure-time trace of an accelerated propellant, which under static conditions would be neutral, exhibits a rapid increase to a maximum pressure and then decays asymptotically toward a quasi-equilibrium value. The model presented here attributes the augmented burning rate to the inertial retention of metal-metal oxide globules in pits on the propellant surface and the attendant heat transfer from the hot globules to the surface. A burning rate augmentation analysis for the initial period when the globules have near-spherical shapes predicts the burning-rate dependence on internal ballistic parameters and explains the observed transient behavior. As burning continues the globules grow and deform into irregularly shaped platelets and sheets which characterize the quasi-equilibrium period. Extending the model to include platelet shapes yields a functional relationship between burnin...
Patient autonomy in alcohol rehabilitation. II: Program evaluation.

The alcoholism inpatient services at the U.S. Army Hospital Nurnberg are described and assessed with attention to current issues. The results compare favorably with contemporary findings, and include an almost zero dropout rate that relates to giving the patient more “say so” in treatment selection by providing a variety of treatments in a smorgasbord fashion. Abstinent and nonabstinent patients following treatment are contrasted on psychometric and demographic variables.
Mathematical modeling of the cause of tuberculosis during tumor necrosis factor blockade

Objective Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockade increases the risk of tuberculosis (TB). The purpose of this study was to use Markov modeling to examine the contributions of reactivation of latent tuberculous infection (LTBI) and the progression of new infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis to active TB due to TNF blockade. These 2 pathogenic mechanisms cannot otherwise be readily distinguished. Methods Monte Carlo simulation was used to represent the range of reported values for the incidence of TB associated with infliximab (TNF monoclonal antibody) and etanercept (soluble TNF receptor) therapy. Iterative methods were then used to identify for each pair of incidence rates the Markov model parameters that most accurately represented the distribution of time to onset of TB as reported to the Food and Drug Administration. Results Modeling revealed an apparent median monthly rate of reactivation of LTBI by infliximab treatment of 20.8%, which was 12.1 times that with etanercept treatment (P < 0.001). In contrast, both drugs appeared to pose a high risk of progression of new M tuberculosis infection to active TB. Progression of new infection appeared to cause nearly half of the etanercept-associated cases; it became the predominant cause of infliximab-associated cases only after the first year. Conclusion Despite sharing a common therapeutic target, infliximab and etanercept differ markedly in the rates at which they reactivate LTBI. Confirmation of these findings will require the application of molecular epidemiologic tools to studies of TB in future biologics registries. Hidden Markov modeling and Monte Carlo simulation are powerful tools for revealing otherwise hidden aspects of the pathogenesis of TB.
Fundamental Aspects of ad-Metal Dissolution and Contamination in Low and Medium Temperature Fuel Cell Electrocatalysis: A Cu Based Case Study Using In Situ Electrochemical X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

Electrochemical methods (cyclic voltammetry and rotating ring disk electrode) and in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) were used in conjunction to study copper adsorption onto carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles over the operating potential range of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) cathodes and anodes (∼0.0–1.0 V vs the reference hydrogen electrode, RHE). Our purpose was to better understand the detrimental effects of Cu leaching from high-activity dealloyed PtCux electrocatalysts. These studies were conducted in CuSO4-doped 0.1 N solutions of HClO4 and H2SO4 under both inert and oxygenated conditions. Over the anode potential range (∼0.0–0.3 V vs RHE), concentrations of Cu2+ as low as 10 μM were found to coat the active Pt surfaces, thereby drastically inhibiting the hydrogen oxidation reaction. Over the Cu underpotential deposition region (0.35–0.70 V vs RHE), Cu2+ concentrations ≥0.05 mM resulted in Cu deposition onto Pt. This was found to lower the oxygen reduction reaction activi...
Tensor scale: A local morphometric parameter with applications to computer vision and image processing

Scale is a widely used notion in image analysis that evolved in the form of scale-space theory whose key idea is to represent and analyze an image at various resolutions. Recently, the notion of localized scale--a space-variant resolution scheme--has drawn significant research interest. Previously, we reported local morphometric scale using a spherical model. A major limitation of the spherical model is that it ignores structure orientation and anisotropy, and therefore fails to be optimal in many imaging applications including biomedical ones where structures are inherently anisotropic and have mixed orientations. Here, we introduce a new concept called "tensor scale"--a local morphometric parameter yielding a unified representation of structure size, orientation, and anisotropy. Also, a few applications of tensor scale in computer vision and image analysis, especially, in image filtering are illustrated. At any image point, its tensor scale is the parametric representation of the largest ellipse (in 2D) or ellipsoid (in 3D) centered at that point and contained in the same homogeneous region. An algorithmic framework to compute tensor scale at any image point is proposed and results of its application on several real images are presented. Also, performance of the tensor scale computation method under image rotation, varying pixel size, and background inhomogeneity is studied. Results of a quantitative analysis evaluating performance of the method on 2D brain phantom images at various levels of noise and blur, and a fixed background inhomogeneity are presented. Agreement between tensor scale images computed on matching image slices from two 3D magnetic resonance data acquired simultaneously using different protocols are demonstrated. Finally, the application of tensor scale in anisotropic diffusive image filtering is presented that encourages smoothing inside a homogeneous region and also along edges and elongated structures while discourages blurring across them. Both qualitative and quantitative results of application of the new filtering method have been presented and compared with the results obtained by spherical scale-based and standard diffusive filtering methods.
Relationship Between Plasma Corticosterone Levels and Poult Mortality and the Effects of Feeding Corticosterone on Poult Performance

The study examined the relationship between plasma corticosterone (CS) levels and early mortality in Large White tom turkey poults. Trial 1 was conducted to compare the plasma CS levels of 3-day-old poults that subsequently lived or died during the first 2 wk posthatch. Blood samples were obtained from 100 poults at 3 days of age. By 2 wk of age 9% mortality had occurred. Plasma CS of poults that lived (7.1 ng/mL) was significantly greater (P less than .05) than in poults that died (3.2 ng/mL) between 3 and 14 days of age. A second trial was conducted to test the effects of feed-induced elevation of plasma CS on poult performance under stressful conditions. This trial consisted of three treatment groups: 1) control (C), poults placed immediately after removal from the hatcher with feed and water; 2) control-held (CH), poults held without feed and water at 28.9 C for 3 days posthatch; and 3) 40 mg CS/kg feed-held (40H), poults held without feed and water at 28.9 C for 3 days posthatch then fed 40 mg CS/kg feed. Mortality was monitored daily and body weights, feed consumption, and plasma CS levels were measured at 1 and 2 wk of age. The only performance parameter that was significantly affected was body weight; a significant reduction occurred at 2 wk of age in poults given the 40H treatment. It was concluded that poult death is associated with low plasma CS levels, but diet-induced increases in plasma CS did not significantly improve livability following a stressful condition.
Positional and respiratory changes in precordial lead patterns simulating acute myocardial infarction.

Abstract Three cases are presented in which the electrocardiograms displayed precordial QRS-T changes which simulated those of acute myocardial infarction. Electrocardiographic studies disclosed that these changes were produced by respiration or slight shifts of the exploring electrode position. It is believed that such changes depend upon the position and nearness of the exploring electrode in relation to the electrical center of ventricular depolarization. Special caution should be observed in interpreting serial changes in precordial leads, especially when they occur in or near the transitional zone.
Appearance of a novel Ca2+ influx pathway in Sf9 insect cells following expression of the transient receptor potential-like (trpl) protein of Drosophila.

Activation of phospholipase C, elevation of free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and stimulation of Ca2+ influx have been implicated in Drosophila phototransduction. Electrophysiological studies suggest that trp and trpl proteins may be important for the light-activated Ca2+ current found in Drosophila photoreceptor cells. Although these proteins exhibit homologies to voltage-gated Ca2+ and Na+ channels, their actual function in insect cells and their relation to proteins involved in mammalian cell Ca2+ signaling remains unknown. In the present study, [Ca2+]i was examined in fura-2-loaded Sf9 insect cells infected with recombinant baculovirus containing cDNA for the trpl protein. Ca2+ influx was examined by use of Ba2+, a Ca2+ surrogate that is not a substrate for Ca2+-pumps or carriers and by measurement of whole-cell membrane currents. The results suggest that expression of trpl is associated with appearance of a Ca2+ permeable, non-selective cation channel formed by the trpl protein.
Dynamic Cramer-Rao bound for target tracking in clutter

Recently, there have been several new results for an old topic, the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB). Specifically, it has been shown that for a wide class of parameter estimation problems (e.g. for objects with deterministic dynamics) the matrix CRLB, with both measurement origin uncertainty (i.e., in the presence of false alarms or random clutter) and measurement noise, is simply that without measurement origin uncertainty times a scalar information reduction factor (IRF). Conversely, there has arisen a neat expression for the CRLB for state estimation of a stochastic dynamic nonlinear system (i.e., objects with a stochastic motion); but this is only valid without measurement origin uncertainty. The present paper can be considered a marriage of the two topics: the clever Riccati-like form from the latter is preserved, but it includes the IRF from the former. The effects of plant and observation dynamics on the CRLB are explored. Further, the CRLB is compared via simulation to two common target tracking algorithms, the probabilistic data association filter (PDAF) and the multiframe (N-D) assignment algorithm.
Experimental investigation of the behaviour of soil under a punch or footing

Abstract The displacement field and volume changes in sand, soil and clay, when indented by a punch, are investigated experimentally under conditions of plane strain. The pressure-penetration relations are also determined. Comparison is made with recent theories of the plastic behaviour of materials whose properties are influenced by hydrostatic pressure.
A gravity survey of Type 2 coronae on Venus

[1] Coronae are roughly circular tectonic features believed to form as a result of small-scale mantle upwellings. We examine the admittance signature for all the 32 Type 2 coronae (defined as having less than 50% complete fracture annuli) that are both well resolved in the gravity data and have fairly well constrained lithospheric parameters. We use top and bottom loading models to derive values of elastic thickness and crustal thickness or apparent depth of compensation. Both Cartesian and spatiospectral methods are used to calculate admittance. Overall we find reasonable agreement between the two methods. The shape of the filter used in the spatiospectral method [Simons et al., 1997] provides a means of isolating the signature of coronae that occur in close proximity to other geologic features. The narrow filters used in the Cartesian approach are useful for identifying transitions between different types of compensation, as well as for estimating error. We obtain a wide range of elastic thicknesses, from 25 to 80 km. Larger values are derived from bottom loading models, which have not been used in most prior studies of Venus. Fifteen of the coronae have elastic thickness values between 0 and 20 km and are probably isostatically compensated. Estimates of crustal and elastic thicknesses and apparent depth of compensation obtained for Type 2 coronae span the range obtained for Venus globally. Neither the thickness of the elastic lithosphere nor the crust appear to control whether Type 1 coronae, Type 2 coronae, or volcanoes form over small-scale mantle upwellings.
Nonlocal cancellation of multi-frequency-channel dispersion yields double coincidence peaks

We have observed that temporally-correlated photon pairs, experiencing multi-frequency-channel, opposite dispersion, yield double coincidence peaks. We present and compare theoretical and experimental results.
Alexithymia as a predictor of treatment response in post‐traumatic stress disorder

Fifty-seven veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) completed the Alexithymia Provoked Response Questionnaire (APRQ) upon entering an 8-week randomized trial comparing phenelzine, imipramine, and placebo. Low alexithymia on the APRQ significantly predicted improvement on the avoidance items of the Impact of Events Scale (IES) particularly among patients treated with placebo, but was not associated with changes in the intrusion items of the scale.
Public policy and HCI: making an impact in the future

Public policy plays an influential role in the work we do as HCI researchers, interaction designers, and practitioners. Public policy, a broad term, includes both government policy and policy within non-governmental organizations. This forum focuses on topics at the intersection of human-computer interaction and public policy. --- Jonathan Lazar, Editor
Caudal brain stem plays a role in metabolic control of estrous cycles in Syrian hamsters

Abstract In Syrian hamsters, a critical factor necessary for the occurrence of normal estrous cycles appears to be the cellular availability of oxidizable glucose. For example, estrous cycles are inhibited by food deprivation or treatment with 2-deoxy- d -glucose (2DG), a drug that inhibits cellular glucose utilization. Several lines of evidence suggest that these effects require the participation of neurons in part of the caudal brain stem, the area postrema (AP) and adjacent, reciprocally-innervated nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). This study was designed to examine the role of the AP in 2DG-induced anestrus. Hamsters received either aspiration lesions directed at the AP or sham operations. Between 12 and 16 days after surgery, both sham-operated and lesioned hamsters showed two consecutive 4-day estrous cycles, as measured by estrous behavior and vaginal discharge. Subsequently, both groups were treated with doses of 2DG known to inhibit the estrous cycle (1750 mg/kg every 6 h on days 1 and 2 of the cycle). Hamsters were tested for measures of estrous cyclicity daily after treatment. Only 9% of the sham-operated hamsters showed estrous cycles within 5 days after the start of 2DG treatment. In contrast, all of the hamsters with confirmed lesions of the AP showed estrous cycles within 5 days of the start of 2DG treatment. Histology showed that most lesions removed the AP plus part of the medial NTS, while two lesions removed part of the AP only. These results are consistent with the idea that the AP, and possibly the NTS, play a role in the effects of decreased glucose availability on estrous cycles in Syrian hamsters.
Vibrating Fluid Densimeters: A Solution to the Viscosity Problem

The natural frequency of a resonator immerged in a fluid is density dependent. A major disadvantage of densimeters based on this principle is their poor accuracy for viscous fluids. We solve this difficulty by making an automatic control of the physical phase at which the resonator oscillates. This is done by a modulation technique which, additionally, gives the quality factor and, therefore, the viscosity in digital form. To discover what this physical phase should be and what the factors affecting it are, we made a detailed analytical and numerical study of the vibration of resonators in a viscous fluid. Two densimeters have been built using these results. Their density x viscosity span is 10-100 times larger than that of commercially available instruments of the wholly immersed type. This instrument has achieved an accuracy of ± 0.1 percent.
Administration of anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody with intrathymic injection of alloantigen results in rat cardiac allograft tolerance.

Background. We have previously reported the induction of donor-specific tolerance to cardiac allografts after intrathymic injection of alloantigen with simultaneous administration of antilymphocyte serum treatment to eliminate peripheral T cells. The present study determines whether prolongation of a fully major histocompatibility complex-mismatched cardiac allograft is achieved after a single administration of anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) combined with intrathymic injection of alloantigen. Methods. Male Buffalo rats were given Lewis splenocytes via the intrathymic or intravenous route in combination with a single administration of anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (OX-38) or anti-CD8 MoAb (OX-8) or both. Heterotopic cardiac transplantation was performed 21 days after intrathymic alloantigen or MoAb pretreatment or both. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis determined changes in lymphocyte compartment T-cell subsets, and in vitro studies examined recipient cellular reactivity. Results. By 21 days after anti-CD4 MoAb treatment earlier nonspecific immunosuppression had resolved with 80% recovery of peripheral CD4+ T cells and restoration of recipient immunocompetence to allow normal rejection of a cardiac allograft. Combined treatment with intrathymic, but not intravenous, alloantigen plus anti-CD4 MoAb induced donor-specific tolerance to subsequent rat cardiac allografts. However, anti-CD8 MoAb combined with intrathymic alloantigen failed to induce tolerance despite a profound depletion of the CD8+ T-cell subset. Conclusions. Combined treatment of rats with intrathymic donor alloantigen and a single administration of anti-CD4, but not anti-CD8, MoAb significantly prolongs cardiac allograft survival across a fully major histocompatibility complex mismatched strain combination.
A Textured Model for Computationally Efficient Reactive Power Control and Management

The texture of the power system which govern, the interplay of reactive power and voltage is emulated by a textured model which assembles local groups of buses into a multi-leaf structure. Groups on the same leaf of the model are not coupled with each other, groups on different leaves overlap partially and are thus coupled. The paths of computational information are organized in an efficient manner and inefficient computation and information paths are eliminated, yet the computation converges to the exact solution, not an approximate one. The resulting model is ideally suited for parallel processing especially since there is no sequential component in the computation no computation overhead and (if the size of the groups and their numbers per leaf are uniform) there is no waiting time. Computation time savings of as much as 100÷1 (i.e. a hundred fold saving) were observed in experiments on steepest descent algorithms with systems of around 100 buses. Computation times also favorably compare with existing speed up techniques such as block pivoting. Computation times for common algorithms (like matrix manipulations, Newton-Raphson, linear and nonlinear programming) increase with the system size at a fast non- linear rate. The computation times remain essentially constant for the textured model in parallel processing. Thus very large computation time savings are implied on larger systems. Consequently this new model should prove to be a valuable tool for on line computations in the course of reactive power control and management.
Some new upper bounds in consistency strength for certain choiceless large cardinal patterns

In this paper, we show that certain choiceless models of ZF originally constructed using an almost huge cardinal can be constructed using cardinals strictly weaker in consistency strength.
Dynamics of a de novo designed three-helix bundle protein studied by 15N, 13C, and 2H NMR relaxation methods.

Understanding how the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain specifies a unique, functional three-dimensional structure remains an important goal, especially in the context of the emerging discipline of de novo protein design. α3D is a single chain protein of 73 amino acids resulting from a de novo design effort. Previous solution nuclear magnetic resonance studies of α3D confirm that the protein adopts the designed structure of a three-helix bundle. Furthermore, α3D has been previously shown to possess all of the major thermodynamic and structural characteristics of natural proteins, though it shares no sequence homology to any protein sequence in the database. In this work, the backbone and side-chain dynamics of α3D were investigated using 15N, 13C, and 2H nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation methods with the aim of assessing the character of the internal motions of this native-like protein of de novo design. At the backbone level, both 15N and 13Cα relaxation studies indicate highly restrictive m...
Methyl rotation barriers in proteins from 2H relaxation data. Implications for protein structure.

Side-chain 2H and backbone 15N relaxation data have been collected at multiple temperatures in the samples of the SH3 domain from α-spectrin. Combined analyses of the data allowed for determination of the temperature-dependent correlation times τf characterizing fast methyl motion. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that τf are dominated by methyl rotation; the corresponding activation energies approximate methyl rotation barriers. For 33 methyl groups in the α-spectrin SH3 domain the average barrier height was thus determined to be 2.8 ± 0.9 kcal/mol. This value is deemed representative of the “fluid” hydrophobic protein core where some barriers are increased and others are lowered because of the contacts with surrounding atoms, but there is no local order that could produce systematically higher (lower) barriers. For comparison, the MD simulation predicts the average barrier of 3.1 kcal/mol (calculated via the potential of mean force) or 3.4−3.5 kcal/mol (rigid barriers after appropriate averaging...
Calculations of turbulent flames using a PSR microstructural library

An alternative to the laminar flamelet model is developed for intensely turbulent flame calculations. The turbulent structure of the flame is assumed to be in the distributed-reaction-zone regime. A library or lookup table of thermochemical quantities (species, temperature, and density) is constructed a priori by performing PSR calculations over a range of mixture fractions and a range of residence times corresponding to the expected range in the mixing scales. The PDF of residence times is related to the PDF of the scalar dissipation rate. The model is implemented in a two-dimensional axisymmetric k-e-g code, assuming a beta function PDF for the mixture fraction and a log-normal PDF for the scalar dissipation rate. Calculations are compared with Raman data from three turbulent bluff-body-stabilized flames (1) a non-premixed CO/H2/N2-air flame, (2) a non-premixed CH4/H2-air flame, and (3) a premixed CH4-air flame, with very encouraging results. The shapes of the profiles are similar, and the quantitative agreement is generally within 200 K or better on mean temperature and within a factor of 2 or better even on highly nonequilibrium quantities such as CO in the core of a CH4-air flame.
TAXONOMIC REVISIONS IN THE GENUS ARCTOSTAPHYLOS (ERICACEAE)

Changes are made in the nomenclature of species and subspecies in the genus Arctostaphylos (Ericaceae). In this study, the focus is on species found in the coast ranges of California. Changes are made in A. nortensis from the area around the Oregon border with California, in the A. nevadensis complex in the North Coast Ranges, in the A. nummularia complex of the north to central coast, in the A. tomentosa complex of the central coast to the Channel Islands, and in the A. hookeri and A. pilosula complex of the central coast. Also discussed are other changes presented elsewhere that will affect the Arctostaphylos treatment in the next edition of the Jepson Manual.
Entanglement Spectrum of a Disordered Topological Chern Insulator

We investigate the behavior of a topological Chern insulator in the presence of disorder, with a focus on its entanglement spectrum (EtS) constructed from the ground state. For systems with symmetries, the EtS was shown to contain explicit information about the topological universality class revealed by sorting the EtS against the conserved quantum numbers. In the absence of any symmetry, we demonstrate that statistical methods such as the level statistics of the EtS can be equally insightful, allowing us to distinguish when an insulator is in a topological or trivial phase and to map the boundary between the two phases. The phase diagram of a Chern insulator is explicitly computed as function of Fermi level (EF) and disorder strength using the level statistics of the EtS and energy spectrum, together with a computation of the Chern number (C) via a new, efficient real-space formula.
More results on congruent modules

Abstract W.R. Scott characterized the infinite abelian groups G for which H ≅ G for every subgroup H of G of the same cardinality as G [W.R. Scott, On infinite groups, Pacific J. Math. 5 (1955) 589–598]. In [G. Oman, On infinite modules M over a Dedekind domain for which N ≅ M for every submodule N of cardinality | M | , Rocky Mount. J. Math. 39 (1) (2009) 259–270], the author extends Scott’s result to infinite modules over a Dedekind domain, calling such modules congruent, and in a subsequent paper [G. Oman, On modules M for which N ≅ M for every submodule N of size | M | , J. Commutative Algebra (in press)] the author obtains results on congruent modules over more general classes of rings. In this paper, we continue our study.
Modeling and optimizing transportation decisions in a manufacturing supply chain

Abstract We describe a transportation problem we studied at the trucking division of a textile manufacturer that owns and operates a large number of manufacturing facilities in all stages of the manufacturing supply chain. The problem involves scheduling of pickup and delivery of daily inventory movement between plants. We develop integer programming models that are based on the current workflow of the schedulers and that capture and optimize crucial aspects of the problem. We validate the models and demonstrate their use with actual data. The results suggest that an effective computerized decision-support system can be built around these models.
Organizational Service Orientation: A Short-Form Version of the SERV*OR Scale

Lytle, Hom, and Mokwa (1998) developed the SERV*OR scale to measure the construct they defined as organizational service orientation. This measure consists of 35 items and has been used extensively to demonstrate relationships between service orientation and other constructs. The purpose of this research is to develop a short-form version of the SERV*OR scale, allowing managers and researchers to more easily measure the impact of service orientation. An online sample of frontline service workers was used to test this model. Confirmatory factor analysis supports a reduced-item scale that represents all the original components posited by Lyle et al. (1998).
Nonparametric Identification and Estimation in a Roy Model With Common Nonpecuniary Returns

We consider identification and estimation of a Roy model that includes a common nonpecuniary utility component associated with each choice alternative. This augmented Roy model has broader applications to many polychotomous choice problems in addition to occupational sorting. We develop a pair of nonparametric estimators for this model, derive asymptotics, and illustrate small-sample properties with a series of Monte Carlo experiments. We apply one of these models to migration behavior and analyze the effect of Roy sorting on observed returns to college education. Correcting for Roy sorting bias, the returns to a college degree are cut in half. This article has supplementary material online.
A mutant strain of Chlamydomonas reinhardi exhibiting altered ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase.

A mutant, ac i72, of Chlamydomonas reinhardi possessing an altered ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase and unable to grow on minimal medium has been isolated and characterized. Comparison of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase purified from both wild type and ac i72 strains is given. The enzyme from ac i72 shows alterations in several characteristics : (a) the specific activity is reduced to 35% that of wild type, (b) the V for both substrates is reduced 3–6-fold, (c) the Mg2+ requirement for maximal activity is 3 times greater, (d) the inhibitory effect of Cl− is greater, and (e) the isoelectric point is changed (6.0 for wild type and 5.8 for ac i72). However, the ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase from ac i72 is identical to that from wild type with respect to pH requirement, temperature sensitivity, subunit structure, and sedimentation characteristic. Other photosynthetic properties of wild type and ac i72 cells were also compared. CO2 fixation in ac i72 in vivo is reduced proportionally to the reduction in activity of the enzyme, but the level of O2 evolution is the. same as in wild-type cells. Photosynthetic electron transport, 70-S ribosome content, and chlorophyll content are unaltered in ac i72. The chloroplast ultrastructure of ac i72 cells is distinctly different from that of wild-type cells. The inheritance of the mutation is Mendelian.
Vesicular pemphigoid vs dermatitis herpetifomis

We describe a patient with clinical features of dermatitis herpetifomis (DH) and histopathologic features suggestive of both DH and bullous pemphigoid (BP). Immunofluorescen(IF) studies of skin biopsy revealed IgG and C3 deposits along the basement membrane zone (BMZ) in a linear pattern and circulating BMZ antibodies in the serum consistent with BP. The patient's condition evolved over 5 years into a typical case of DH characterized by histologic findings of papillary edema and neutrophilic infiltrates and evidenced by IF findings of granular IgA deposits in the dermal papillae and the presence of antigliadin antibodies in the serum.
Searching for gravitational wave bursts via Bayesian nonparametric data analysis with pulsar timing arrays

Gravitational wave burst is a catch-all category for signals whose durations are shorter than the observation period. We apply a method new to gravitational wave data analysis---Bayesian nonparametrics---to the problem of gravitational wave detection, with an emphasis on pulsar timing array observations. In Bayesian nonparametrics, constraints are set on the function space that may be reasonably thought to characterize the range of gravitational wave signals. This differs from the approaches currently employed or proposed, which focus on introducing parametric signal models or looking for excess power as evidence of the presence of a gravitational wave signal. Our Bayesian nonparametrics analysis method addresses two issues: (i) investigate if a gravitational wave burst is present in the data; (ii) infer the sky location of the source and the duration of the burst. Compared with the popular method proposed by Finn and Lommen, our method improves in two aspects: (i) we can estimate the burst duration by adding the prior that the gravitational wave signals are smooth, while Finn and Lommen ignored this important point; (ii) we perform a full Bayesian analysis by marginalizing over all possible parameters and provide robust inference on the presence of gravitational waves, while Finn and Lommen chose to optimize over parameters, which would increase the false alarm risk and also underestimate the parameter uncertainties.
Theory of Soil / Geotextile Interaction

In this study, soil/geotextile interaction is characterized by the following general equation-τ = τa + tan δ*( σnor)n-where τ and σnor are shear and normal stresses on the failure plane at failure,...
Issues in storage-ring design for operation of high-gain FEL

Abstract A high-gain free electron laser (FEL), placed in a special by-pass of a storage ring, can provide tens of megawatts of coherent power at wavelengths shorter than 1000 A. The requirements on beam quality (few hundred amperes of peak current, emittance of the order of 10−8 m·rad, and relative energy spread less than 0.002), are demanding but lie within the limits of modern storage ring technology. In this paper, we study various issues in storage ring design and FEL physics for operation of a high-gain FEL. Topics included are the requirements on beam parameters for FEL operation, coherent instabilities and intrabeam scattering effects in the storage ring, lattice design, and FEL performance computed by 2-D simulations.