cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electron Dynamics of Solvated Ti(OH)4

Increasing interest in the photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 has led to considerations of using TiO 2 nanoparticles in energy generation. In order to better understand the electron-hole relaxation of nano scale TiO 2 structures, it is important to start with an understanding of TiO 2 synthesis building blocks. The solvated titanium (IV) ion is a precursor found in synthesis methods of colloidal TiO 2 nanostructures. This simplest test compound may reflect some common basic electronic features for larger structures composed of Ti(IV) coordinated with oxygen. For this computational study, a model of Ti(OH) 4 with tetrahedral coordination was created. To simulate the electronic properties of a solution of Ti(IV), the model was surrounded with 27 H 2 O molecules. The model was explored by means of standard density functional theory (DFT) molecular dynamics (MD) followed by nonadiabatic electron dynamics computed with Reduced Density Matrix approach combined with “on-the-fly coupling”. Results were generated with Vienna ab initio Simulation Package (VASP) using the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional, plane wave basis set, and projector augmented wave (PAW) potentials. The absorption spectra, MD, and electron-hole relaxation rates are presented for the Ti(OH) 4 model at various ambient temperatures. The electron-hole relaxation rates show a non-linear dependence on temperature and were found to be near the same order of magnitude as electron-hole relaxation rates in bulk TiO 2 calculations. A video of the geometry optimization can be found online.[1]
Transforming growth factor-β3 is expressed at high levels in leiomyoma where it stimulates fibronectin expression and cell proliferation

Abstract Objective: To investigate the expression of TGF-β3 in leiomyoma and myometrium as well as the effect of TGF-β3 on the expression of fibronectin and on the proliferation of leiomyoma and myometrial cells. Design: Observational and in vitro experimental study. Setting: University medical center. Patient(s): Women with (n = 18) leiomyoma. Intervention(s): First TGF-β3 mRNA and protein levels in myometrium and leiomyoma were measured, and then myometrial and leiomyoma cells in culture were treated with TGF-β3. Main Outcome Measure(s): TGF-β3 and fibronectin mRNA were evaluated by Northern analysis. Myometrial and leiomyoma cell proliferation was assessed with use of [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation. Result(s): The TGF-β3 mRNA level in the leiomyoma samples was 3.5-fold higher than in the myometrial samples. The highest TGF-β3 mRNA level was observed in leiomyoma samples from midsecretory phase and was 5-fold higher than in proliferative phase samples. Fibronectin mRNA expression also was higher in the leiomyoma than in the myometrium. TGF-β3 induced fibronectin expression in leiomyoma cells and directly stimulated myometrial and leiomyoma cell proliferation in cultures. Conclusion(s): These findings suggest that TGF-β3 may be mediating the growth-promoting effects of sex steroids on leiomyomas by playing a role in the fibrogenic process and cell proliferation that characterize these tumors.
Isotopic Constitution of Palladium and Gold

THESE two elements are among the few from which positively charged atoms have not been obtained by means of volatile compounds introduced into the electrical discharge or by means of anode rays. In a letter in NATURE1, the possibility of using the ions from a high-frequency spark was pointed out. With the mass-spectrograph [recently described in NATURE2] it was found that palladium consists of six isotopes with atomic masses 102, 104, 105, 106, 108, 110. They could be compared with doubly-charged platinum and gold atoms which were present as a slight impurity. The four middle components are about equally strong ; the one at 110 is weaker, and the lightest at 102 is the faintest.
Periodicity of oviposition, feeding, and calling by mated female heliothis virescens in a field cage

This paper describes behaviors exhibited by mated, 3-day-old female Heliothis virescensin the presence of flowering cotton infield cages in mid-July. Females exhibit discrete periods of egg deposition, calling, and feeding during scotophase. Females exhibit behaviors such as walking while wing fanning, wing buzzing, antennal movement, bending of abdomen, and dragging of the ovipositor on the substrate before egg deposition. These behaviors are interspersed with flight and calling. The number and duration of some behaviors differ when the female is ovipositing on cotton plants versus cage screen. Egglaying occurs in several major bouts through the scotophase with periods of inactivity or other activities interspersed. Most eggs are laid before 0300 h. Significant calling is observed after 0100 h and continues until about 0430 h. Although females exhibit some feeding near sunset, the major feeding activity is seen just prior to and after sunup.
Transarterial chemoembolization in liver transplant candidates with and without marginal hepatic reserve

Purpose In liver transplant candidates TACE can be used as a bridging treatment until an organ becomes available. However, many of these patients often have hepatic dysfunction. Our purpose is, therefore, to determine the rate of adverse outcomes following TACE in this patient population. Materials and Methods From 2005-2009, 205 consecutive transplant candidates underwent 351 TACE procedures. The procedures were categorized as high-risk if the patients met one of the following criteria: pre-TACE bilirubin >2mg/dl, INR >1.5, creatinine >1.2 mg/dl, platelet count 15, Childs-Pugh class B or C, presence of ascites, or portal venous thrombus. Hepatotoxicity was defined as worsening ascites, encephalopathy, or NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 3 or 4 toxicity of bilirubin, AST, ALT, creatinine or INR. The primary outcome was irreversible hepatotoxicity leading to urgent liver transplantation or death within 6 weeks of the procedure. Results Of the 351 TACE procedures, 236 procedures were determined to be high-risk in 133 patients (38-77 years old; 106 males and 27 females) and 115 procedures were determined to be low-risk in 72 patients (38-78 years old; 51 males and 21 females). The high-risk patients developed irreversible hepatotoxicity in 25 of the procedures (10.5%), 7 of which lead to an urgent liver transplant or death (3.0%). In comparison, the low-risk patients developed irreversible hepatotoxicity in 1 procedure (0.9%), none of which lead to an urgent liver transplant or death (0%). Conclusion TACE can be performed safely in liver transplant candidates with baseline hepatic dysfunction. However, poor hepatic reserves increase the risk of irreversible hepatotoxicity, which may require urgent liver transplantation or lead to death. Future work studying specific risk factors may guide the selection of high-risk liver transplant candidates for TACE treatment.
Using the Improving Palliative Care in the Intensive Care Unit (IPAL-ICU) Project to Promote Palliative Care Consultation

Abstract Background The Improving Palliative Care in the Intensive Care Unit (IPAL-ICU) project is an initiative designed to improve the quality of palliative care in the intensive care unit. One of the problems to be addressed is the underutilization of palliative care. Measures The percentage change in number of palliative care consults in the Medical ICU (MICU) and Surgical ICU (SICU) compared with the same time period the previous year was used as an objective measure to indicate increased utilization of palliative care. Intervention Two hundred seventy-three patients were screened for potential palliative care consultation. After each patient screening, the attending physician was offered the opportunity to consult the palliative care consultation team. Outcomes In comparison with the same time period the previous year, an increase in palliative care consults of 113% in the MICU and of 51% in the SICU was noted during the screening period. Conclusions/Lessons Learned The IPAL-ICU project framework and recommendations can be effectively used to increase the number of palliative care consults in the ICU.
Got Thickened Liquids

Abstract The utilization of new technology combined with an old process in need of updating led to the production of acceptable, affordable, safe and consistent thickened liquids. Due to the limited variety and high cost of pre-packaged thickened liquids. Nutrition and Food Service continued to individually mix thickened liquids by hand. This resulted in variable viscosity and unacceptable products. These inconsistencies were due in part to the multiple staff members involved in the process, placing the patient at risk. Expansion in the use of Cook/Chill equipment enabled Nutrition and Food Service to prepare a constant, pasteurized product utilizing Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP). A large selection of juice flavors can be offered as well as the availability of flavored milk in three different levels. Recognizing a need in the dysphagic population for hydration between meals and for medications resulted in the development of thickened flavored water. All products are monitored as part of the Service's Performance Improvement Plan through daily meal rounds/taste panels, patient acceptance monitor, speech pathologist verification of levels and microbiological testing. Future possibilities include a supplement, soups, coffee and tea. Have it thickened your way!
Sequence and linker dependent chiral dimerization of DNA–porphyrin conjugates

Abstract Circular dichroism (CD), UV–vis absorption, fluorescence, and resonance light scattering (RLS) spectroscopies were used to elucidate the role of the DNA sequence, linkers between DNA and porphyrin, and metal in the porphyrin coordination center on the self-assembly of DNA–porphyrin conjugates. A series of eight non-self-complementary DNA–porphyrin conjugates have been synthesized with zinc and free-base porphyrins covalently attached to the short ODNs (A8 or T8) via amide or phosphate linker. A small structural modification (e.g., amide linker replaced by the phosphate linker) showed a dramatic effect on the aggregation properties of DNA–porphyrin conjugates and greatly altered their spectroscopic properties. At low ionic strength, porphyrin aggregation was not observed for any conjugate. An increase in the ionic strength caused two out of eight conjugates to form chiral porphyrin dimers.
Prenatal Dihydrotestosterone Differentially Masculinizes Tonic and Surge Modes of Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in Sheep

The control of LH secretion in sheep is sexually differentiated. Males begin to reduce their sensitivity to inhibitory steroid feedback, leading to a pubertal increase in tonic LH secretion by 10 weeks of age, but females remain hypersensitive until 30 weeks. Moreover, only females can respond to the positive feedback action of estradiol to produce a preovulatory LH surge. Prenatal exposure of the female lamb to testosterone masculinizes tonic LH and abolishes the LH surge postnatally. However, the type of steroid involved is not known because testosterone can be converted to estradiol or dihydrotestosterone (DHT). This study tested the hypothesis that DHT, which cannot be converted to an estrogen, masculinizes tonic LH without defeminizing the LH surge. Pregnant ewes were treated with DHT (800, 400, or 200 mg/week) during the critical period for sexual differentiation of gonadotropin secretion (days 30-90; 145 days is term). To evaluate the time of the decrease in responsiveness to steroid inhibition, a constant steroid feedback signal was produced. At 4 weeks of age, androgenized females (800 mg, n = 5; 400 mg, n = 4; 200 mg, n = 5) and control males (n = 7) and females (n = 9) were gonadectomized and implanted with a SILASTIC brand estradiol capsule. Tonic LH secretion in males began to increase at 6.7 +/- 0.5 weeks (mean +/- SEM). In DHT-treated females, the LH increase began at the same time (800 mg DHT, 10.7 +/- 3.9 weeks; 400 mg DHT, 9.9 +/- 5.9 weeks; 200 mg DHT, 7.1 +/- 4.9 weeks). This was several months earlier than in control females (29.1 +/- 0.8 weeks; P < 0.05). After puberty, estradiol induced LH surges in 8 of 9 control females and 11 of 12 DHT-treated females, but not in any control males. These results lead to the hypothesis that in the sheep, distinct requirements exist for differentiation of 2 types of reproductive hormone control systems, and that conversion of testosterone to an estrogen is not essential for both. Aromatization is necessary to prevent the surge control of GnRH from operating in the male, but nonaromatizable androgens differentiate the tonic control to permit high GnRH secretion earlier in life.
Response to exogenous gonadotrophins in absence of dietary protein.

SummaryAdult female rats were given a protein-free diet for 5 weeks and their response to graded amounts of gonadotrophic hormones determined. Protein-deficient rats responded to FSH with follicula...
Tegaserod-associated ischemic colitis

Tegaserod, a potent partial agonist of the serotonin 5-HT4 receptor, is used to treat women with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Since the drug's approval, the manufacturer has received infrequent although serious reports of diarrhea and ischemic colitis in patients taking the drug. These instances have led to a recent warning letter to physicians and a change in the prescription labeling of tegaserod. We describe the development of ischemic colitis in a woman who was treated with tegaserod and review the relationship among ischemic colitis, tegaserod use, and irritable bowel syndrome. Potential mechanisms involved in the occurrence of ischemic colitis in patients receiving tegaserod are also discussed.
Corrigendum to “Is research using the narcissistic personality inventory relevant for understanding narcissistic personality disorder?” [Journal of Research in Personality 43 (2009) 482–488]

Abstract A correction is made to a previously published paper in Table 2 [Miller, J.D., Gaughan, E.T., Pryor, L.R., Kamen, C. (2008). Is research using the narcissistic personality inventory relevant for understanding narcissistic personality disorder? [Journal of Research in Personality 43 (2009) 482–488].
Band Degeneracy and the Mott Transition: Dynamical Mean Field Study

We investigate the Mott transition in infinite dimensions in the orbitally degenerate Hubbard model. We find that the qualitative features of the Mott transition found in the one-band model are also present in the orbitally degenerate case. Surprisingly, the quantitative aspects of the density driven Mott transition around density one are not very sensitive to orbital degeneracy, justifying the quantitative success of the one-band model which was previously applied to orbitally degenerate systems. We contrast this with quantities that have a sizeable dependence on the orbital degeneracy and comment on the role of the intra-atomic exchange J.
Chickpeas as a Substitute for Corn and Soybean Meal in Growing Heifer Diets

Twelve Holstein heifers (average weight 270 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four diets to evaluate the feeding value of chickpeas. Total mixed diets were composed of (dry matter) 40% concentrate mix, 24.5% chopped alfalfa hay, and 35.5% corn silage. Concentrate mixes contained 0, 25, 50, and 75% chickpeas in place of corn and soybean meal. Diets were fed individually for 80 d. Average daily gains (.98, 1.13, 1.14, and .95 kg) were higher for heifers fed 25 and 50% chickpeas than for those fed 0 and 75% chickpeas. Feed per gain (4.72, 4.05, 3.65, and 4.01 kg/kg) was lower for all diets containing chickpeas. Dry matter intake was lowest for heifers fed 75% chickpeas, and dry matter intake as percent of body weight was similar for all groups. Ruminal ammonia, pH, total volatile fatty acid concentrations, and ratio of acetate to propionate were similar for all diets. Serum urea and rumen parameters displayed no trends between diets. Chickpeas were an acceptable replacement for corn and soybean meal in growing heifer diets.
Assessment of the 'no eosinophils' rule: are eosinophils truly absent in pityriasis lichenoides, connective tissue disease, and graft-vs.-host disease?

Eosinophils are often present in the inflammatory infiltrate of an interface dermatitis, but the diagnostic specificity of eosinophils in interface dermatitis has not been formally evaluated. We retrospectively identified 97 examples of interface dermatitis with clinically confirmed diagnoses, including lupus erythematosus (LE), lichen planus, pityriasis lichenoides (PL), graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD), dermatomyositis (DM) and drug reaction. Diagnoses were clinically confirmed by at least two dermatologists. Slides were reviewed in a blinded fashion by at least two dermatopathologists. The average eosinophil count per 10 ×200 (×20 objective) fields was lowest for PL (0.2), DM (0.3), GVHD (0.4), and LE (0.5) [defined as Group 1] and was higher for lichen planus, drug reactions, erythema multiforme (major and minor) and viral exanthems [defined as Group 2]. Distinction between Group 1 and Group 2 was maximized using an eosinophil count cutoff of 1.1. In conclusion, eosinophils are usually rare to absent in PL, DM, most forms of LE and GVHD. While final interpretation requires a composite assessment of all features, our results suggest that the presence of even a single eosinophil within nine or ten ×20 fields argues against a diagnosis of PL, DM or LE. Sharon VR, Konia TH, Barr KL, Fung MA. Assessment of the ‘no eosinophils' rule: are eosinophils truly absent in pityriasis lichenoides, connective tissue disease, and graft-vs.-host disease?
Patent Ductus in an Elderly Man

A case of patency of the ductus in an elderly man is presented. Unusual characteristics were the high pitch of the murmur and its good transmission to the apex. The phonocardiogram established the diagnosis by revealing a continuous murmur, with maximum amplitude in late systole and early diastole.
Lagrange—Galerkin methods on spherical geodesic grids: the shallow water equations

Abstract The weak Lagrange–Galerkin finite element method for the 2D shallow water equations on the sphere is presented. This method offers stable and accurate solutions because the equations are integrated along the characteristics. The equations are written in 3D Cartesian conservation form and the domains are discretized using linear triangular elements. The use of linear triangular elements permits the construction of accurate (by virtue of the second-order spatial and temporal accuracies of the scheme) and efficient (by virtue of the less stringent CFL condition of Lagrangian methods) schemes on unstructured domains. Using linear triangles in 3D Cartesian space allows for the explicit construction of area coordinate basis functions thereby simplifying the calculation of the finite element integrals. The triangular grids are constructed by a generalization of the icosahedral grids that have been typically used in recent papers. An efficient searching strategy for the departure points is also presented for these generalized icosahedral grids which involves very few floating point operations. In addition a high-order scheme for computing the characteristic curves in 3D Cartesian space is presented: a general family of Runge–Kutta schemes. Results for six test cases are reported in order to confirm the accuracy of the scheme.
Does fossil fuel combustion lead to global warming

Abstract Tropospheric sulfate aerosols produced by atmospheric oxidation of SO2 emitted from fossil fuel combustion scatter solar radiation and enhance the reflectivity of clouds. Both effects decrease the absorption of solar radiation by the earth-atmosphere system. This cooling influence tends to offset the warming influence resulting from increased absorption of terrestrial infrared radiation by increased atmospheric concentrations of CO2. The sulfate forcing is estimated to be offsetting 70% of the forcing by CO2 derived from fossil fuel combustion, although the uncertainty of this estimate is quite large--range 28 to 140%, the latter figure indicating that the present combined forcing is net cooling. Because of the vastly different atmospheric residence times of sulfate aerosol (about a week) and CO2 (about 100 years), the cooling influence of sulfate aerosol is exerted immediately, whereas most of the warming influence of CO2 is exerted over more than 100 years. Consequently the total forcing integrated over the entire time the materials reside in the atmosphere is net warming, with the total CO2 forcing estimated to exceed the sulfate forcing by a factor of 4 (uncertainty range 2 to more than 10). The present situation in which the forcing by sulfate is comparable to that by CO2 is shown to be a consequence of the steeply increasing rates of emissions over the industrial era.
A new relaxation algorithm for power flow analysis

The possibility of revitalizing the relaxation algorithm and improving its reliability and speed at the same time is investigated. Some comparison issues such as how to compare parallel algorithms using sequential computers are discussed. The argument is illustrated by analyzing a new algorithm based on polar coordinates for power flow analysis. This relaxation nonlinear iterative scheme is described in detail and tested on a few scenario systems such as the IEEE and EPRI test systems. It is compared with classical Gauss and Gauss-Seidel methods. >
Soybean seed pectinesterase

Methanol accumulates in axis tissues of maturing soybean seeds, correlating with preharvest seed deterioration. Accumulation of methanol appears to be associated with the enzymic demethylation of pectin methyl esters by pectinesterase (PE; EC 3.1.1.11). To characterize PE in developing and maturing soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merrill) seeds, enzyme activity was assayed in axis and cotyledon tissues. Activity per g fresh weight was 20–25 times higher in axes than in cotyledons with highest activities between 45 and 60 days after flowering (DAF). Twenty to 33% of the total PE activity was in the ‘soluble’ form (extracted with water, 0.5 M sucrose, 1 M sucrose and water). Soluble and cell-wall-bound PE (subsequently extracted with 1 M NaCI) were purified and characterized from axes of seeds at 45–60 DAF. Purification of PE was achieved through concentration of extracts by ultra-filtration, precipitation with ammonium sulfate (30–80% saturation), dialysis, gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 columns, and ion exchange chromatography on CM Sepharose CL-6B. Further purification of both soluble and bound PE was by isoelectric focusing (IEF) on ultrathin layers of polyacrylamide gel with simultaneous detection of protein and PE activity. It was possible to follow seven bands exhibiting PE activity with pl values between 6.0 and 9.5 in 1 M NaCI-extracts of total homogenates. Differences in the IEF patterns of bound and soluble PE were observed. Whereas the bound enzyme exhibited more basic PE bands (pl 8–9.5), the soluble enzyme had more active bands at pl 6.5, 7.0 and 7.5. The M r was close to 33 000 and the pH optimum was 7.8 for both soluble and bound PE.
On Durbin's Modified Principle of Conditionally

Abstract The conditionality (ancillarity) concept is discussed with particular reference to Durbin's proposed reformulation (C') of Birnbaum's formulation (C) and Fisher's original formulations [6, 7]. It is pointed out that (C') is not in general suitable for applications in the usual sense, since it fails to eliminate all ambiguities of choice of the conditional frame of reference in which standard statistical methods may be applied. The alternative formulations of conditionality are discussed in relation to sufficiency, likelihood, and related methodological problems.
Perspective and Rationale for Neuropsychological Assessment of Medical Disease

It is through the nervous system that animals interact with the environment. Unlike plant life, which reacts to the environment primarily through connective tissue, the nervous system evolved in animals to subserve information-processing functions and, through effector mechanisms, enables the organism to act on the environment. The capacity to receive, evaluate, store, and respond to information from the inner and external environments ultimately determines the adaptive potential of all higher organisms, particularly humans.
Subjectivity, Agency, and the New Latin American History of Gender and Sexuality

Recent critiques of the concept of agency by social historians have raised concerns about the ways in which it distorts, flattens, and over-simplifies the historical field. This article argues that a better theoretical understanding of the complex intersections of subjectivity (especially the process of subjection through which the subject is produced and maintained) and agency (as exercised by the subject) will resolve many of those concerns and provide a firmer theoretical foundation for future work on the histories of gender and sexuality in Latin America. The article has four parts. First, it discusses the concept of subjectivity and explains its usefulness for historical analysis. Second, it examines two recent critiques of agency and the challenges they pose for historians. Third, it reviews Judith Butler's recent work on the relationship between subjectivity and agency, shows how that work helps address the concerns raised the recent critiques of agency, and discusses why Butler's formulation of the subjectivity and agency problem might be especially useful for historians of gender and sexuality. Finally, it explores the implications of Butler's research agenda for the new Latin American history of gender and sexuality.
Human metapneumovirus and severity of respiratory syncytial virus disease.

We screened 23 children with severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease and 23 children with mild RSV disease for human metapneumovirus (HMPV). Although HMPV was circulating in Connecticut, none of the 46 RSV-infected patients tested positive for HMPV. In our study population, HMPV did not contribute to the severity of RSV disease. In the United States, 100,000 infants and young children are hospitalized each year with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis (1). Although the risk factors for severe RSV disease, such as prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, are well defined, severe RSV disease may develop in otherwise healthy children. The pathogenesis of severe RSV disease is poorly defined. In 2001, van den Hoogen et al. reported the isolation of a novel paramyxovirus, human metapneumovirus (HMPV) from children with respiratory tract disease (2). HMPV has been identified worldwide (3–7) and appears to have a seasonal distribution (winter and spring) (8). Since the circulation of HMPV may overlap with that of RSV, simultaneous infection with both RSV and HMPV may contribute to severe disease. Greensill et al. (9) reported that 70% of RSV-infected children who required admission to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) in Liverpool, U.K. were co-infected with HMPV. We sought to determine whether infection with HMPV was associated with the severity of RSV disease. We determined the frequency of HMPV infection in children with either mild or severe RSV disease. Disease severity was assessed by both the disposition (PICU vs. non-PICU) and by a clinical severity score.
Manufacturing system design to improve quality buy rate

In this paper, we investigate the impact of manufacturing system design parameters on product quality. Specifically, for a manufacturing system with repair and rework, we derive analytical formulas of product quality as a function of repair capacity. We show that product quality can be improved by designing the repair and rework subsystem more effectively. To illustrate this property, an application study is presented.
X-compact: an efficient response compaction technique for test cost reduction

We present a technique for compacting test response data using combinational logic circuits. Our compaction technique enables up to an exponential reduction in the number of pins required to collect test response from a chip. The combinational circuits require negligible area, do not add any extra delay during normal operation, guarantee detection of defective chips even in the presence of sources of unknown logic values (often referred to as Xs) and preserve diagnosis capabilities for all practical scenarios. The technique has minimum impact on current design and test flows, and can be used to reduce test time, test data volume, test-I/O pins and tester channels, and also to improve test quality.
Contaminant sensitivity of threatened and endangered fishes compared to standard surrogate species

Standard environmental assessment procedures are designed to protect terrestrial and aquatic species. However, it is not known if endangered species are adequately protected by these procedures. At present, toxicological data obtained from studies with surrogate test fishes are assumed to be applicable to endangered fish species, but this assumption has not been validated. Static acute toxicity tests were used to compare the sensitivity of rainbow trout, fathead minnows, and sheepshead minnows to several federally listed fishes (Apache trout, Lahontan cutthroat trout, greenback cutthroat trout, bonytail chub, Colorado pikeminnow, razorback sucker, Leon Springs pupfish, and desert pupfish). Chemicals tested included carbaryl, copper, 4-nonylphenol, pentachlorophenol, and permethrin. Results indicated that the surrogates and listed species were of similar sensitivity. In two cases, a listed species had a 96-h LC50 (lethal concentration to 50% of the population) that was less than one half of its corresponding surrogate. In all other cases, differences between listed and surrogate species were less than twofold. A safety factor of two would provide a conservative estimate for listed cold-water, warm-water, and euryhaline fish species.
Effect of nutrient loading on biogeochemical and microbial processes in a New England salt marsh

Coastal marshes represent an important transitional zone between uplands and estuaries. One important function of marshes is to assimilate nutrient inputs from uplands, thus providing a buffer for anthropogenic nutrient loads. We examined the effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization on biogeochemical and microbial processes during the summer growing season in a Spartina patens (Aiton (Muhl.)) marsh in the Narragansett Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve on Prudence Island (RI). Quadruplicate 1 m2 plots were fertilized with N and P additions, N-only, P-only, or no additions. N-only addition significantly stimulated bacterial production and increased pore water NH 4 + and NO 3 − concentrations. Denitrification rates ranged from 0 to 8 mmol m−2 day−1. Fertilization had no apparent effect on soil oxygen consumption or denitrification measured in the summer in intact cores due to high core-to-core variation. P fertilization led to increased pore water dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentrations and increased DIP release from soils. In contrast the control and N-only treatments had significant DIP uptake across the soil-water interface. The results suggest that in the summer fertilization has no apparent effect on denitrification rates, stimulates bacterial productivity, enhances pore water nutrient concentrations and alters some nutrient fluxes across the marsh surface.
Barley protein meal for lactating dairy cows: Effects on production, intake, and nutrient excretion1

The objectives of this study were to quantify production performance and nutrient excretion of lactating dairy cows fed barley protein meal (BPM) and to assess its potential as a source of ruminal bypass protein and ruminally protected lysine. Forty-two lactating cows were fed diets formulated to meet NRC nutrient requirements, containing either BPM at 15% of diet DM, corn distillers grains (CDG), or soybean meal (SBM) to supply equal dietary N. Dietary treatment had no effect on milk production or BW. Milk fat content and yield were greater for cows fed BPM compared with cows fed SBM. Dry matter intake was less in cows fed CDG compared with cows fed BPM and SBM. Apparent digestibility of N and P were less (and fecal P excretion was greater) in cows fed BPM than in cows fed SBM. Ruminal degradation rates of CP and DM were similar for BPM and SBM and greater than CDG. Loss of BPM DM and CP from the Dacron bags at zero-time was much greater than for SBM or CDG, resulting in much lower estimates of ruminal escape. However, half of the zero-time loss was apparently due to small particle loss, which would bias estimates of ruminal escape. Degradation rates of the insoluble DM and CP were similar for BPM and SBM and lower for CDG. Undegraded barley protein was a better source of arginine, leucine, and methionine than was SBM and a better source of arginine, lysine, methionine, threonine, and valine than was CDG.
The Electrical and Thermal Conductivity of Liquid Cesium to 1650 °C and the Critical Point of Cesium

The electrical resistivity of high purity liquid cesium was determined in a pressurized furnace from 600 to 3000°F (316 to 1649°C) by measurements of the electrical resistance of a Ta-10%W alloy tu...
Nucleate Boiling Heat Transfer from an Oscillating Sphere in Liquid Nitrogen

The results of an experimental Investigation to determine the effect of relatively high amplitude and low frequency harmonic oscillations of a sphere on nucleate pool boiling of liquid nitrogen at atmospheric pressure are presented in this paper. As far as is known, there are no other steady-state nucleate boiling data for a spherical geometry available at this time. Previous oscillatory investigations have been conducted using wires and relatively small diameter tubes at high frequency and low amplitudes.
Ultrasound and Perforated Viscus; Dirty Fluid, Dirty Shadows, and Peritoneal Enhancement.

Early detection of free air in the peritoneal cavity is vital in diagnosis of life-threatening emergencies, and can play a significant role in expediting treatment. We present a series of cases in which bedside ultrasound (US) in the emergency department accurately identified evidence of free intra-peritoneal air and echogenic (dirty) free fluid consistent with a surgical final diagnosis of a perforated hollow viscus. In all patients with suspected perforated viscus, clinicians were able to accurately identify the signs of pneumoperitoneum including enhanced peritoneal stripe sign (EPSS), peritoneal stripe reverberations, and focal air collections associated with dirty shadowing or distal multiple reflections as ring down artifacts. In all cases, hollow viscus perforation was confirmed surgically. It seems that, performing US in patients with suspected perforated viscus can accurately identify presence of intra-peritoneal echogenic or “dirty” free fluid as well as evidence of free air, and may expedite patient management.
100G Ethernet Technologies and Applications

The rapidly increasing requirement of bandwidth drives the 100G Ethernet into use as quickly as possible.The key technologies supporting 100G Ethernet interface include the physical layer channel convergence technology,multi-fiber channel and Wavelength Division Multiplexing(WDM) technology.The high speed fiber device needs to be resolved,and the higher bandwidth requirements by higher interface speed demands more packet processing and storage,system switching,and the backplane design.Besides,the network needs to solve the issue of the transport for the new interface,including defining new transport standard and resolving the key transport technologies.Considering current cost and requirements,the commercial service of 100 Gbit/s Ethernet is viable in metropolitan area network.
Pleasure is paramount: Adults with intellectual disabilities discuss sensuality and intimacy

The purpose of this qualitative case study research was to explore how adults with mild intellectual disabilities (ID) live out their social-sexual lives. Findings revealed the importance of both p...
Manual determination of minced fish flesh in mixed fillet-minced cod blocks: collaborative study.

Description d'une methode gravimetrique simple et d'un traitement statistique des resultats. La methode est adoptee a l'essai
An Evolutionary General Regression Neural Network Classifier for Intrusion Detection

The goal of an intrusion detection system (IDS) is to monitor anomalous activities and differentiate between normal and abnormal behaviors (intrusion) in a host system or in a network. The IDS must maintain a high intrusion detection rate (DR) while simultaneously maintain a low false alarm rate (FAR). A high detection rate is the focus of this paper. In this paper, we implemented an Evolutionary General Regression Neural Network (E-GRNN) as a two-class classifier for intrusion detection based on features of application layer protocols (e.g., http, ftp, smtp, etc.) used in simulated network traffic activities. The E-GRNN is an evolutionary search-inspired General Regression Neural Network, which extracts the most salient features to reduce computational complexity and increase accuracy. Our research shows that the E-GRNN classifier was able to achieve a DR of 95.53% and an FAR of 2.11%.
Factor Xa Binding Sites on Factor Va in the Prothrombinase Complex.

Factor Va (FVa), a non-enzymatic cofactor for proteolytic activation of prothrombin by factor Xa (FXa), interacts with FXa via both its heavy and light chains. Phospholipids can bind both FVa and FXa and enhance prothrombin activation. The action of the prothrombinase complex (FXa:FVa) on its substrate, prothrombin, involves stepwise binding and enzymatic interactions, including FVa interactions with exosites on FXa that are topologically distinct from its active site. Synthetic peptides used as inhibitors of the prothrombinase complex implicated FVa residues 311–335 and 493–506 as probable FXa binding sites. Analysis of sequence alignments of FV with factor FVIII and of our 3-dimensional FVa model lead us to hypothesize that residues 312–315, 319–323, and 499–505, which delineate a remarkable compact triangular surface on the A2 domain are involved in FXa binding. Hence, we used homologous loop mutagenesis and substituted these three FV sequences with FVIII sequences, replacing 312-TREQ-315 with RSVA, 319-MKRWE-323 with PKTWV, and 499-KSRSLDR-505 with YKESVDQ. Each recombinant FV mutant was purified, characterized and compared to control wild type (wt)-FVa using ELISA and functional assays. Prothrombinase assays using thrombin-activated FVa and purified components were used to determine functional apparent Kd values of FVa for FXa by varying FXa concentrations in the absence or presence of saturating phospholipid (PL) vesicles (20%PS/80%PC). In the absence of PL vesicles, the kinetically determined apparent Kd values of each FVa mutant were greatly increased, such that mutation of either 312–315 or 319–323 in FVa decreased the apparent affinity for FXa by greater than 80-fold while mutation of 499–505 resulted in a 20-fold lower apparent affinity for FXa. However, in the presence of PL vesicles, these three FVa mutants each showed only a moderately reduced affinity for FXa (2.0–2.5 fold increased apparent Kd). None of the three FVa mutations significantly altered the Km for prothrombin. Therefore, each of the three mutated sequences in FVa is critical for normal functional interactions with FXa. Furthermore, these results illustrate the importance of each different kind of interactions, namely protein-protein and protein-PL, for the overall formation of the prothrombinase complex. Binding of both FXa and FVa to PL surfaces can help optimize the relative orientation of FVa to FXa to facilitate enzyme:cofactor exosite interactions and/or can promote conformational changes in one or both of FXa and FVa that affects exosite interactions. In the absence of PL, the effects of the A2 domain mutations on protein-protein interactions are magnified whereas when FXa and FVa are PL-bound, the observable effects of these mutations are greatly reduced. In summary, these mutagenesis studies support the hypothesis that three, closely located sequences on the surface of the FVa A2 domain comprising residues 312–315, 319–323, and 499–505 contribute significantly to FXa binding.
Synthesis of a Fragment of Crystalline Silicon: Poly(Cyclosilane).

We report a strategic synthesis of poly(cyclosilane), a well-defined polymer inspired by crystalline silicon. The synthetic strategy relies on the design of a functionalized cyclohexasilane monomer for transition-metal-promoted dehydrocoupling polymerization. Our approach takes advantage of the dual function of the phenylsilyl group, which serves a crucial role both in the synthesis of a novel α,ω-oligosilanyl dianion and as a latent electrophile. We show that the cyclohexasilane monomer prefers a chair conformation. The monomer design ensures enhanced reactivity in transition-metal-promoted dehydrocoupling polymerization relative to secondary silanes, such as methylphenylsilane. Comprehensive NMR spectroscopy yields a detailed picture of the polymer end-group structure and microstructure. Poly(cyclosilane) has red-shifted optical absorbance relative to the monomer. We synthesize a σ–π hybrid donor–acceptor polymer by catalytic hydrosilylation.
3.01 – Memory Systems: Introduction and Overview☆

Memory is not a unitary process and is neither isolated to one brain area nor fully distributed across all brain areas. Rather, there are several forms of memory, each of which is processed by a distinctive anatomical system. Here I will review the history of multiple memory systems in the brain and introduce the organization of this volume as a progress report on our understanding of these memory systems and their neurobiological substrates.
Inhibitory Dimensional Control: The Effects of Discriminative Autoshaping and Negative Automaintenance Procedures

Two experiments investigated dimensional control following autoshaping training. Experiment 1 exposed pigeons to successive presentations of a white key with a black dot followed immediately by grain and a 570-nm key light never followed by grain. Combined-cues and resistance-to-autoshaping tests both revealed evidence of inhibitory dimensional control. Experiment 2 exposed pigeons to successive presentations of a white key with a black dot followed immediately by grain and a 570-nm key light followed by grain if the pigeon did not key peck. Combined-cues and resistance-to-autoshaping tests both indicated the establishment of conditioned inhibition but not inhibitory dimensional control.
Differential Approximants and Confluent Singularity Analysis

Developments in the understanding of critical phenomena have led to an increasingly accurate and detailed picture of critical behavior. One such development is the appreciation that critical point singularities are generally accompanied by weaker, confluent singular structure.1 For example, thermal properties, such as the magnetic susceptibility, near a critical point should behave as $${\rm \psi(z)=A_0(z)+A_1(z)\mid z-z_c\mid^{-\gamma_1}+A_2(z)\mid z-z_c\mid^{-\gamma_2}+... ,\ z\rightarrow z_c} ,$$ where z is an appropriate temperature variable and Ai(z) are regular functions at zc.
Assessment of Numeric Predictions

Most people divide prediction into two families: classification and numeric prediction. In classification, the goal is to assign an unknown case into one of several competing categories (benign versus malignant, tank versus truck versus rock, and so forth). In numeric prediction, the goal is to assign a specific numeric value to a case (expected profit of a trade, expected yield in a chemical batch, and so forth). Actually, such a clear distinction between classification and numeric prediction can be misleading because they blend into each other in many ways. We may use a numeric prediction to perform classification based on a threshold. For example, we may decree that a tissue sample should be called malignant if and only if a numeric prediction model’s output exceeds, say, 0.76. Conversely, we may sometimes use a classification model to predict values of an ordinal variable, although this can be dangerous if not done carefully. Ultimately, the choice of a numeric or classification model depends on the nature of the data and on a sometimes arbitrary decision by the experimenter. This chapter discusses methods for assessing models that make numeric predictions.
The fiscal trade-off: sprawl, the conversion of land, and wage decline in California's metropolitan regions.

Abstract Suburban jurisdictions are disproportionately likely to convert their land to land uses that maximize revenue generation. Yet, the jurisdictions that convert land to more fiscally lucrative uses are likely to experience gains in low-wage retail jobs – possibly contributing to poor upward mobility. This study offers a new perspective on both the factors behind and effects of the conversion of land use to sales taxable uses, via a unique dataset that identifies land use changes on 1.2 million parcels in California (from tax assessor data) from 2007 to 2013. After linking to data on compactness, municipal tax structure, and economic characteristics, the study examines first how various urban form and fiscal factors shape conversion (controlling for economic and demographic variables), and then how conversion to more fiscally lucrative uses (along with urban form and fiscal factors) affect net job quality, specifically wages, over time. Not only does fiscal structure, particularly municipal dependence on sales tax revenue, lead to the conversion of land to fiscally lucrative uses, controlling for other factors, it also contributes to wage decline. The more compact the urban fabric, the less likely is land use conversion, yet the greater the wage decline. The findings of this study suggest that land use conversion may thwart broader economic development goals.
Opportunities for Increasing the Rate of Preemptive Kidney Transplantation.

Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for ESKD. Ideally, transplantation should occur before initiating dialysis, which is termed preemptive transplantation. Studies have found improved patient and graft survival with preemptive transplantation compared with transplant after dialysis.
Important juvenile manta ray habitat at Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico

Oceanic manta rays (Mobula birostris) are large pelagic planktivores that are threatened globally by targeted fisheries and bycatch. While studies of oceanic mantas have increased substantially in the past decade, major knowledge gaps remain in their basic biology, ecology and life history. The juvenile stage in particular is virtually unstudied, as juvenile oceanic mantas are rarely observed in the wild and are known primarily from fisheries and captive individuals. Here, we present evidence suggesting that Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (FGBNMS) is an important habitat for juvenile manta rays. Recent genetic evidence indicates that both oceanic mantas and a proposed third manta species (Mobula cf. birostris) are present at FGBNMS. Size estimates of mantas sighted at FGBNMS over 25 years of monitoring efforts indicate that 95% of individuals are smaller than the size at maturity for male M. birostris, and 80% are smaller than the size at maturity for M. alfredi. Photographic records of juvenile males with undeveloped claspers further corroborate these findings. Temporal patterns of use and the prevalence of juveniles suggest that this region may serve as nursery habitat for M. birostris and M. cf. birostris. Further research is necessary to determine the importance of the region to juveniles of each species, as well as long-term patterns of habitat use and residency.