cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neurobehavioral Complications of Type I Diabetes: Examination of Possible Risk Factors

There is increasing interest in the possibility that diabetes mellitus may be associated with a series of neurobehavioral, or neuropsychological, changes; i.e., learning, memory, problem solving, mental and motor speed, and eye-hand coordination may sometimes be disrupted in diabetic children and adults, and this disruption may be a consequence of certain disease-related variables. To date, four neurobehavioral risk factors have been identified. For children and adolescents, the most potent risk factors appear to be age at diagnosis and the occurrence of schoolroom-related problems. Children who develop diabetes early in life are more likely to show serious cognitive impairments on virtually all measures. In addition, diabetic children with school attendance problems tend to score lower than expected on verbal IQ tests and school achievement tests. For adults, the most carefully studied risk factor is degree of metabolic control. Adults in poor control are far more likely to manifest subtle changes on measures of mental efficiency. This may be particularly evident on tasks that require the development and deployment of sophisticated information-processing strategies. A fourth variable--severe episodes of hypoglycemia--is known to disrupt functioning in diabetic subjects of any age, although it has not yet been studied systematically in large-scale studies. Indeed, because virtually all extant studies have been based on limited neurobehavioral and biomedical assessments of relatively few volunteer subjects, this list of risk factors must be considered tentative at best.
The Hedging of an Uncertain Future Foreign Currency Cash Flow

This paper derives the optimal hedge of an uncertain (unknown quantity) future foreign currency cash flow. This more general optimal hedge includes the traditional hedge for a certain (known quantity) future foreign currency cash flow as a special case. The optimal hedge is found to be unbounded and determined by firm-specific conditions, including the variance of the expected cash flow, and the correlation of that future cash flow with actual exchange rate movements. Simulated optimal hedge values are found for U.S.-based multinational firms possessing S/Dm cash flows, using exchange rate data for the 1981–1987 period. Special cases in which the optimal hedge ratio equals zero and one also are identified, and we show that cash flow uncertainty can strongly affect the effectiveness of hedging.
The product of the H19 gene may function as an RNA.

Abstract The mouse H19 gene was identified as an abundant hepatic fetal-specific mRNA under the transcriptional control of a trans-acting locus termed raf. The protein this gene encoded was not apparent from an analysis of its nucleotide sequence, since the mRNA contained multiple translation termination signals in all three reading frames. As a means of assessing which of the 35 small open reading frames might be important to the function of the gene, the human H19 gene was cloned and sequenced. Comparison of the two homologs revealed no conserved open reading frame. Cellular fractionation showed that H19 RNA is cytoplasmic but not associated with the translational machinery. Instead, it is located in a particle with a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 28S. Despite the fact that it is transcribed by RNA polymerase II and is spliced and polyadenylated, we suggest that the H19 RNA is not a classical mRNA. Instead, the product of this unusual gene may be an RNA molecule.
Methods for aligning the NIST watt-balance

The NIST watt-balance has been developed to explore the possibility of monitoring the stability of the mass standard by means of electrical quantum standards. The mass standard is the last basic standard that is kept as an artifact. The watt-balance uses a movable coil in a radial magnetic field to compare the mechanical energy required to lift a kilogram mass in earth's gravity with the electrical energy required to move the coil the same distance in a magnetic field. The electrical energy is monitored in terms of quantized Hall resistance and Josephson junction voltage standards. The accuracy of this experiment depends on a large number of factors. Among them are the ability to align the apparatus so that the movable coil and magnet are coaxial and aligned to the local vertical. Misalignments of the coil and magnet result in forces and torques on the coil. The coil is suspended like a pendulum and responds easily to these torques and horizontal forces. This paper describes a computer program that was written to calculate the shape of the magnetic field and the torques and forces on the movable coil that result from any misalignments. This information is being used to develop an alignment procedure that minimizes misalignments and the errors they cause. This program has enhanced our understanding of the cause of torques about the vertical axis on the coil and the dependence of this torque on the magnetic field gradient.
An Exploratory Study of Runway Arrival Procedures: Time Based Arrival and Self-Spacing

The ability of a flight crew to deliver their aircraft to its arrival runway on time is important to the overall efficiency of the National Airspace System (NAS). Over the past several years, the NAS has been stressed almost to its limits resulting in problems such as airport congestion, flight delay, and flight cancellation to reach levels that have never been seen before in the NAS. It is predicted that this situation will worsen by the year 2025, due to an anticipated increase in air traffic operations to one-and-a-half to three times its current level. Improved arrival efficiency, in terms of both capacity and environmental impact, is an important part of improving NAS operations. One way to improve the arrival performance of an aircraft is to enable the flight crew to precisely deliver their aircraft to a specified point at either a specified time or specified interval relative to another aircraft. This gives the flight crew more control to make the necessary adjustments to their aircraft s performance with less tactical control from the controller; it may also decrease the controller s workload. Two approaches to precise time navigation have been proposed: Time-Based Arrivals (e.g., required times of arrival) and Self-Spacing. Time-Based Arrivals make use of an aircraft s Flight Management System (FMS) to deliver the aircraft to the runway threshold at a given time. Self-Spacing enables the flight crew to achieve an ATC assigned spacing goals at the runway threshold relative to another aircraft. The Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO), a multi-agency initiative established to plan and coordinate the development of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen), has asked for data for both of these concepts to facilitate future research and development. This paper provides a first look at the delivery performance of these two concepts under various initial and environmental conditions in an air traffic simulation environment.
Lymph Node Hypertrophy following Leishmania major Infection Is Dependent on TLR9

Control of the protozoan parasite Leishmania major is dependent on establishing a robust T cell response. An early event in the development of an effective T cell response is the expansion (or hypertrophy) of the lymph node draining the site of infection, although the mechanisms involved in this response are not completely understood. In this study, we show that lymph node hypertrophy following L. major infection in mice is associated with increased recruitment of lymphocytes to the lymph node from the blood, and that CD62L-deficient mice, which are unable to recruit cells to the lymph node, develop a chronic infection with L. major . Injection of L. major -activated dendritic cells promoted lymph node hypertrophy, and this correlated with an increase in the expression of CCR7 on dendritic cells, although the upregulation of CCR7 occurred on the bystander (uninfected) dendritic cells rather than those containing parasites. We found that increased CCR7 expression was TLR9-dependent, that TLR9 −/− dendritic cells migrated less efficiently to the draining lymph node, and that TLR9 −/− mice exhibited a deficit in lymph node expansion following L. major infection, as well as increased susceptibility. Taken together, to our knowledge, these results are the first to demonstrate that activation of dendritic cells via TLR9 is essential for the induction of lymph node hypertrophy in leishmaniasis.
Modelling, simulating and verifying turing-powerful strand displacement systems

We demonstrate how the DSD programming language can be used to design a DNA stack machine and to analyse its behaviour. Stack machines are of interest because they can efficiently simulate a Turing machine. We extend the semantics of the DSD language to support operations on DNA polymers and use our stack machine design to implement a non-trivial example: a ripple carry adder which can sum two binary numbers of arbitrary size. We use model checking to verify that the ripple carry adder executes correctly on a range of inputs. This provides the first opportunity to assess the correctness and kinetic properties of DNA strand displacement systems performing Turing-powerful symbolic computation.
A 'strange multiplicity' of voices: Heritage stewardship, contested sites and colonial legacies on the Columbia River

Cultural resource laws mandate the management and stewardship of archaeological sites located on federal property within the USA. Consultation with the appropriate stakeholders — usually local tribes — is an important component of this stewardship mandate. While the process of consultation is often routine, complexities arise when consultation concerns a site of contested heritage with multiple and interdependent stakeholding voices. Additionally, continuing manifestations of colonialism, such as the federal recognition process and stereotypical views of Native American authenticity, profoundly shape the stewardship landscape. The following article uses a site of heritage in the Pacific Northwest to explore the complex interplay between stewardship, stakeholders, and the continuing effects of colonial contact.
Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia associated with Hodgkin disease: A report of two cases

Although the clinical course of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL)/Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) is usually indolent, high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma may develop in a small subset of patients. We have not found any patients with LPL/WM associated with Hodgkin disease (HD) described in the literature, prompting us to report 2 cases. In case 1, the patient had LPL/WM involving bone marrow diagnosed 1 week before left supraclavicular lymph node biopsy revealed LPL/WM and classical HD. In case 2, the patient had a 15-year history of LPL/WM before classical HD developed involving bone marrow, liver, and lymph node. Both cases were positive for IgM, monotypic immunoglobulin light chain, and B-cell antigens and were CD3–. The neoplastic Hodgkin cells were CD15+, CD20+ (case 1), CD30+, CD3–, and CD45– and were negative for Epstein-Barr virus RNA. Both patients were treated with chemotherapy for HD. In case 1, clinical response was excellent with no histologic evidence of HD in subsequent biopsy specimens. In case 2, HD was progressive at last follow-up, despite therapy. Patients with LPL/WM, similar to patients with other types of low-grade B-cell lymphoma, can develop HD that may respond to chemotherapy. Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) is a clinicopathologic entity in which patients have bone marrow involvement by low-grade B-cell lymphoma, most commonly lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL), associated with IgM gammopathy. 1-4 Other anatomic sites also may be involved by LPL/WM, including liver, spleen, lymph node, and peripheral blood. 5,6 Most patients with LPL/WM are elderly, with a median age of 65 years, and have an indolent clinical course. 2,4-6 Clinical complications of LPL/WM are related to the presence of elevated IgM in serum and to tissue infiltration by LPL and include serum hyperviscosity, cryoglobulinemia, bleeding diathesis, amyloidosis, and pancytopenia. 5,6 In a subset of patients with LPL/WM, higher grade nonHodgkin lymphoma may subsequently develop, as reported by others. 7-16 In 1983, Garcia and colleagues 10 collected from the literature 16 well-document ed cases of large cell lymphoma arising in patients with LPL/WM. Occasional cases have been reported subsequently. 11-16 Of these, in 1 large study, 3 of 167 patients with WM developed large cell lymphoma, for an incidence of 1.8%. 16 However, we are not aware of previous reports of patients with both LPL/WM and Hodgkin disease (HD). Thus, we describe 2 patients with LPL/WM in whom classical HD also developed.
CaMKII inhibition in heart failure makes jump to human.

See related article, pages 1150–1161 In this issue of Circulation Research , Sossalla et al1 show that acute inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK)II in failing human myocardium causes functional improvement in contractility by restoring a positive force–frequency relationship (FFR) in cardiac trabeculae. The loss of this normal positive FFR (and often an induction of a negative FFR) is a functional hallmark of failing human myocardium2 and has been seen as an intrinsic limitation of the failing heart to enhance contractility appropriately at higher heart rates. This failure of positive FFR also constitutes a reduction in functional cardiac reserve. So, why might CaMKII inhibition be beneficial in heart failure (HF)? For several years, evidence has been accumulating that CaMKII is increased in both expression level and activity in both animal models of HF and in failing human hearts.3,–,9 It has also come to light that CaMKII has many different functional effects in cardiac myocytes, including alterations in ion channels, Ca2+ handling proteins, myofilaments, and transcriptional regulation.10,–,12 Moreover, many of these CaMKII effects on myocyte properties have been implicated in hypertrophy, HF, and arrhythmias in animal models. Indeed, CaMKII inhibition (or knockout of the dominant cardiac isoform CaMKIIδ) can improve cardiac function and delay the onset of maladaptive aspects of the hypertrophic/HF phenotype in animal models, resulting in beneficial functional effects.13,–,15 Sossalla et al1 provide important novel data that acute CaMKII inhibition in human HF myocardium causes functional improvement. This is an important validation step with respect to consideration of cardiac CaMKII inhibition as therapeutic strategy in human HF. So, what are some key acute functional effects of CaMKII that can alter cardiac Ca2+ handling and excitability? CaMKII phosphorylates …
The effects of schistosomiasis on HIV/AIDS infection, progression and transmission.

Purpose of review The recent findings pertaining to the public health impact of schistosomiasis on the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS are summarized. Recent findings Both empiric data and mathematical models support the hypothesis that schistosome infections lead to increased susceptibility to infection with HIV-1, a more rapid progression to disease through more vigorous viral replication and immunosuppression, and a higher likelihood of transmitting the infection to others through both vertical and horizontal routes. Different species of schistosome infection vary in the magnitude of their effects on these mechanisms with Schistosoma haematobium playing a greater role for increased susceptibility and transmission because of its association with urogenital disease. Summary Schistosomiasis appears to be a cofactor in the spread and progression of HIV/AIDS in areas wherein both diseases are endemic; increased emphasis on treatment of schistosome infections in persons at risk of HIV/AIDS should be pursued.
MRI Features Predictive of Aicardi-Goutieres Syndrome

Investigators from Children's National Health System Washington, DC, USA: Harvard University, Boston, USA; Leeds Teaching Hospitals, UK; and other international centers review a series of patients with MRIs selected from IRB-approved leukodystrophy biorepositories to identify MRI patterns for recognition of early-onset Aicardi-Goutieres (A-G) syndrome and scored for a panel of radiologic predictors.
Fast basis selection methods

In this paper three methods of basis selection are considered: basic matching pursuit (BMP), order recursive matching pursuit (ORMP) and modified matching pursuit (MMP). These algorithms are briefly described and particular attention is paid, in the formulation of these algorithms, to the computation required. Fast versions of the algorithms are developed. The algorithms are evaluated in terms of their ability to produce a sparse solution and also in terms of their computational complexity and the storage necessary to implement them. Complexity-wise, BMP and MMP are shown to be comparable while ORMP is the most complex. In terms of their ability to select basis vectors, ORMP was the best followed by MMP and then BMP.
Promoting narrative competence through adult-child joint pretense : Lessons from the Scandinavian educational practice of playworld

This paper examines the effects of the playworld educational practice on the development of narrative competence in 5- to 7-year-old children. The playworld educational practice is derived from play pedagogy and the theory of narrative learning, both developed and implemented in Scandinavia. The playworld practice consists of joint adult–child pretense based in a work of children’s literature, discussion, free play, and visual art production. When compared to children under a control intervention (conventional school practices without pretend play), children who participated in the playworld practice show significant improvements in narrative length, coherence, and comprehension, although not in linguistic complexity. These findings provide further evidence concerning the role of pretense in the narrative development of young children.
A novel 3D graphics DRAM architecture for high-performance and low-energy memory accesses

This paper presents a high-bandwidth 3D graphics DRAM architecture (3D-SGDRAM) with reduced access time and energy consumption. A novel 3D bank organization is employed with TSVs at subar-ray-level granularity to activate an optimal number of subarrays in lock-step to guarantee fast and low-energy memory access without significant area overhead. A new bitline interface enables access to only a selective group of bitlines in all active subarrays during a memory transaction, which greatly reduces row activation energy with optimal page size. Experimental results with CUDA benchmarks indicate that 3D-SGDRAM yields 57.5%, 77.7%, and 45.2% improvements in power, latency, and energy-delay product (EDP) on average over state-of-the-art GDDR5 and GDDR5M solutions.
Cultural Conceptions of Procreation, Life and Death in Orin Ibeji (Music of Yoruba Twins)

This proposal focuses on the music of Yoruba twins (Orin Ibeji), a topic about which I am not aware of any significant ethnomusicological study. The Yoruba people of Western Nigeria are reputed to have the highest rate of dizygotic twinning in the world, a hereditary phenomenon that is also probably linked to dietary factors, notably the eating of oestrogen-containing yams (see Fernand Leroy et. al. 2002: 135). Due to the high perinatal mortality of twins at a time when modern medical practices were unavailable, the bearing of twins was once thought to be abnormal, hence the performance of religious rituals to remedy the situation. Today, the birth of twins is accepted as normal; and twins-related ceremonies are performed as veneration rites designed to appease the deity of twins (Orisa Ibeji), and pray for their protection. Music is at the center of all such ceremonies. My study will analyze the material and structure of Orin Ibeji and explore their wider social and cultural significances. Based on field research that I conducted in Western Nigeria, and drawing on earlier works by Lawoya and Olupono (2008) and Olaleye-Oruene (2002), the study explores the ways in which indigenous conceptions of procreation, life and death have been framed and revised in the course of Yoruba history and performed in orin ibeji.
Evaluation of Intravenous Acetaminophen on Length of Stay in Abdominal Surgery Patients

Purpose: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of intravenous acetaminophen on length of stay (LOS) in abdominal surgery patients. Methods: This retrospective, cohort chart review evaluated patients who underwent colon resection or pancreaticoduodenectomy between January 1, 2010 and August 31, 2013. The primary outcome is postoperative LOS. Secondary outcomes include opioid use, pain scores, and naloxone or laxative use. Patients who received intravenous acetaminophen were compared to patients who did not. Results: A total of 329 patients were included, with 269 in the non-acetaminophen group compared to 60 patients in the acetaminophen group. There was no difference in postoperative LOS (9.2 s vs 9.1 days; P = .90). Postoperative LOS was also similar when controlling for surgery type. The acetaminophen group had reduced opioid consumption in the first 24 hours postoperatively (P = .02). However, pain scores were higher in the acetaminophen group, both in the first 24 hours (P = .007) and ...
Thermal and flow analysis of cloth-seal in slot for gas turbine shroud applications

The seal temperature is one of the most important design parameters to determine the seal material, and to optimize the seal configuration in gas turbines. The objective of the seal is to minimize leakage flow at a given location under defined pressure ratios. On the other hand, some leakage flow is necessary for cooling purposes. Among the new turbine shroud seals, a metallic cloth-seal is emerging as flexible and efficient sealing element. The cloth-seal, which is of interest in this study, consists of a metal cloth layer wrapped around a sheet metal shim. As temperature critically affects material properties like yield stress, wear resistance, fatigue life and oxidation, the temperature distribution over the seal needs to be determined to define seal materials. The seal is placed in a slot surrounded by high temperature gas at one side and high pressure cooling air at the other side. The leakage flow through the seal slot is the only effective cooling mechanism to keep the seal at a moderate temperature. This study represents a numerical analysis of flow and temperature distribution over the seal slot geometry. The Navier-Stokes and energy equations describing the mass, momentum and thermal transport over the geometry are simultaneously solved using the finite elements method. The leakage flow is treated as laminar, subsonic, and incompressible through all sections of the geometry. The results indicate that leakage flow forms an air cushion around the seal providing effective convective cooling to keep the seal at moderate temperatures. 'currently at General Electric Corporate Research and Development Center Nomenclature A cross sectional area c speed of air in medium c0 speed of sound in medium cp specific heat at constant pressure k thermal conductivity / specific heat ratio Lc characteristic flow length
Appendix 2: Thoughts on the Foreign Policy of England by Jacob Sternwall. London: James Ridgway, Piccadilly 1827

A few months after the first letters in Appendix 1 were written, a 51 page octavo pamphlet was issued by the radical London publisher, James Ridgway, called Thoughts on the Foreign Policy of England. Almost a quarter of it was excerpted in the columns ofThe Times where the reviewer remarked on its alleged authorship by one Jacob Sternwall, an uncouth name, and probably an assumed one; but in sentiments and spirit the publication there appears to be nothing fictitious. The object of the author, who writes with great force and ardour, is to recommend the cause of Spain to the people of Great Britain, on simple calculations of national policy, as their own.1
Therapeutic and Prophylactic Cancer Vaccines

Cancer vaccines are an important weapon in the growing armamentarium of cancer immunotherapy. In contrast to standard cancer therapies, such as radiation and/or chemotherapy that cause excessive damage to normal tissue, immune responses elicited by vaccines specifically target and destroy cancer cells while preserving healthy tissues. Importantly, vaccines generate tumor-specific immune memory that provides long-term protection from cancer development or cancer recurrence. Prophylactic cancer vaccines based on viral antigens such as human papillomavirus and hepatitis B virus have successfully prevented cervical cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Various vaccine formulations based on antigens expressed by tumors that do not have a viral origin have also been developed and tested in animal models and in clinical trials. Therapeutic use of these vaccines has led to important new knowledge about the suppressed state of the immune system in the tumor-bearing individual. Administration of prophylactic vaccines prior to tumor development offers an opportunity for better vaccine efficacy by avoiding immunosuppression and immune escape mechanisms used by advanced tumors.
The Ethics of Us

Communities are cohesive, generous and safe when social capital is available. Children do well in school and on standardized tests. People are healthier when there is adequate social capital. Despite these benefits, the persistent need for it and worldwide deprivation, social capital may not blossom fully. Because some social capital has public good characteristics, it can suffer from a free-rider problem. In a society governed by individualism and self-interest, the non-excludability of social capital (its rainmaker effect) can discourage people from acting in ways that would build social capital reservoirs. If people don’t have a way to exclude others from benefitting from the fruit of their activities, and they are motivated primarily by self-interest, they may be unwilling to contribute to the social capital reservoir. Indeed, even if people are not motivated by self-interest, if they live in a society in which the prominent norm is self-interest, they may not want others to free-ride on their contributions. Although social capital may be the proverbial win-win, those under the spell of self-interest may not view win-win scenarios as worthwhile.
Introduction: Beyond the Margins: “Ferrante Fever” and Italian Female Writing

The main focus of this chapter is a recurring theme in the first three books of My Brilliant Friend, which concerns the art of writing. In this Neapolitan epic, therefore, the question of writing about the city of Naples is the problem that Ferrante implicitly and explicitly addresses. And it is Lila who suggests that it is time to go against the things of before and “found” a new city. She is the new Parthenope who has disappeared, and her absence brings into focus her conviction that only love can make people and cities thrive. Therefore, the aim is to characterize this “love,” place it in relation to writing about the city of Naples, and evaluate the effect and responsibility that this entails.
Characterization of a New Nepovirus Causing a Leaf Mottling Disease in Petunia hybrida

Icosahedral virus-like particles were isolated from Petunia hybrida cuttings with interveinal chlorotic mottling. The virus was transmitted by mechanical inoculation from infected to healthy P. hybrida, and was found to contain a bipartite RNA genome of 7.6 and 3.8 kilobases. Full genomic sequence was obtained by high-throughput sequencing combined with RACE amplification of the 5'-termini of RNAs 1 and 2, and reverse-transcription PCR amplification of the 3'-termini with oligo-dT and sequence specific primers. Based on particle morphology, genome organization, and phylogenetic analyses, it was concluded that the new virus is a member of the genus Nepovirus, subgroup A. This new virus causing a leaf mottling disease of petunia was provisionally named Petunia chlorotic mottle virus (PCMoV).
Geriatric Urology and Aging Societies

Populations of almost every country will see growth in the proportion of older persons throughout the coming decades. Life spans for those over age 65 continue to rise throughout the world. Such growth will have major impacts on economics, politics, and health care. In the USA, the population over age 65 and especially that over 85 years will increase rapidly through 2050. Most older persons will remain at home, but those with increasing functional limitations will seek assisted living or long-term care facilities. Those in long-term care will demonstrate multiple diseases and perhaps 50 % will have some dementia. Since urologists treat many diseases of older adults, including prostatic obstruction, genitourinary cancers, incontinence, and others, they will encounter a growing number of these elderly patients in their practices. Hence, there is a need for urologists to acquire basic knowledge in care of the geriatric patient just as, in the past, they have done for the pediatric patient. As a result of this increasing emphasis on geriatric care in urology, the American Urological Association included a chapter on Geriatric Urology in its latest online curriculum for urology, especially since the American Board of Urology and the Residency Review Committee for Urology both require geriatrics as a core area of knowledge for residency education and Board certification.
HBEGF promotes gliomagenesis in the context of Ink4a/Arf and Pten loss

Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HBEGF) is a ligand for the EGF receptor (EGFR), one of the most commonly amplified receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in glioblastoma (GBM). While HBEGF has been found to be expressed in a subset of malignant gliomas, its sufficiency for glioma initiation has not been evaluated. In this study, we demonstrate that HBEGF can initiate GBM in mice in the context of Ink4a/Arf and Pten loss, and that these tumors are similar to the classical GBM subtype observed in patients. Isogenic astrocytes from these mice showed activation not only of Egfr but also the RTK Axl in response to HBEGF stimulation. Deletion of either Egfr or Axl decreased the tumorigenic properties of HBEGF-transformed cells; however, only EGFR was able to rescue the phenotype in cells lacking both RTKs indicating that Egfr is required for activation of Axl in this context. Silencing of HBEGF in vivo resulted in tumor regression and significantly increased survival, suggesting that HBEGF may be a clinically relevant target.
Lithium malonatoborate additives enabled stable cycling of 5 V lithium metal and lithium ion batteries

Abstract A series of lithium difluoro-2-fluoro-2-alkyl-malonatoborate salts have been used as additives in conventional 1.0 M LiPF6/ethylene carbonate (EC)-dimethyl carbonate (DMC)-diethyl carbonate (DEC) (1-1-1, by v) electrolyte for high voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) based lithium metal and lithium ion batteries. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) reveal that the electrolytes with additives can significantly suppress the co-intercalation of solvents into the graphene layers during the first cycle due to their sacrificial reductions on the surface of the graphite electrode above 1.0 V vs Li/Li+. In addition, CVs reveal that the electrolyte without additive suffers from extensive electrolyte oxidation on the surface of the LNMO electrode during the first cycle, resulting in the biggest increase of the total cell impedance. Furthermore, electrochemical floating test shows less oxidation current in the electrolytes with additives at voltages above 5.0 V, proving good passivation by the additives. More importantly, the presence of additives can effectively increase the first cycle coulombic efficiencies and cycling stability in the LNMO based lithium metal and lithium ion batteries. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) show that with additives compact solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and thinner passivation layer are formed on the surfaces of the graphite and LNMO electrode, respectively. Finally, these salt additives can better protect the current collector from corrosion, further confirming their effectiveness in conventional electrolytes for high-voltage lithium metal and lithium ion batteries.
Order types: static reasoning about message races in asynchronous message passing concurrency

Asynchronous message passing concurrency with higher level concurrency constructs including activities, asynchronous method invocations and future return values is gaining increased popularity, as an alternative to shared memory concurrency with lower level threads and locks. However, similar to data races in shared memory concurrency, message races in asynchronous message passing concurrency can make a program incorrect and cause bugs that are hard to find and fix. This paper presents order types, a novel type system for static reasoning about message races in asynchronous message passing concurrency. Order types are local, causal and polymorphic types with the following features. First, order types encode both communication and flow behaviors and their happens-before relations. Second, order types are designed for an imperative calculus with concurrent activities, asynchronous method invocations, future return values, wait-by-necessity synchronizations on futures, first-class activities and futures, recursion and dynamic creation of activities. Third, order types are polymorphic and introduce universally quantified type variables to encode unknown values of variables. Fourth, the order type of a module can be inferred modularly using only its implementation and independent of implementations of other modules in the program. Order types complement previous work on static reasoning about races in asynchronous message passing concurrency.
Abstract TP33: Ischemic Stroke Outcomes in Medical vs Endovascular Treatment of Proximal Carotid Artery Occlusion

Background: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to proximal carotid artery occlusion (pCAO) can be associated with significant neurological deficits and poor outcome without timely intervention and successful reperfusion. Intravenous thrombolytics (IT) have low recanalization rates in pCAO and these patients were excluded from recent randomized controlled trials which showed superiority of endovascular therapy (EVT) over IT. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate clinical outcomes in AIS due to pCAO treated with medical vs. endovascular treatment. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent IT or EVT±IT for all types of pCAO from January 2008 to June 2015. Our primary outcome was the functional outcome at discharge measured by modified Rankin score (mRS) 0-3. The secondary outcomes were hemorrhagic transformation (HT), neurological worsening (NW), symptomatic hemorrhage (sICH) and death. Logistic regression analysis was used to compare outcomes between the two groups. Results: A total of 133 patients were included in the study. Baseline characteristics are depicted in table 1. There were no significant differences between the two groups. IV tPA was given in 56% IT vs. 72% EVT (p=0.14). While there was a shift towards better outcomes in the mRS distribution in EVT group (22% vs. 16%) as shown in Figure 1, the treatment effect did not reach significance (OR 1.71, 95% CI (0.55, 5.34), p=0.35). There was also no difference in HT (26% vs. 14%, p=0.14), or NW (26% vs. 21%, p=0.6). However, sICH was higher in EVT (3.7% vs. 0%, p=0.2). Conclusion: Our study did not show difference in discharge functional outcomes between EVT and IT in AIS with pCAO. Our results are limited by small sample size and retrospective nature. Future prospective studies randomizing patients to medical vs. endovascular treatments are warranted to guide management.
Detection and parameter estimation of radioactive sources with mobile sensor networks

Abstract Detecting the presence of illicit radioactive sources in large urban areas is critical in national security applications. The concept of mobile radiation sensor networks has been proposed to solve this problem. For mobile sensor network, it is important to develop efficient approaches to estimate the location and activity of potential radioactive sources. In this paper, kernel density estimation (KDE) and grid search are applied with maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) to estimate the source location and intensity. Simulation study and experiment are conducted to compare the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Manejo del ictus agudo

Introduccion y desarrollo. El ictus isquemico es la primera causa de invalidez y la tercera de muerte en la sociedad moderna. El resultado final tras un ictus depende de la celeridad y calidad del tratamiento que se reciba. Por ello, el tratamiento del ictus se inicia al aplicar estrategias para reducir la demora tanto extra como intrahospitalaria en la asistencia medica. La asistencia incluye la estabilizacion del paciente, con especial atencion al mantenimiento de la via aerea, manejo de la presion arterial y del ritmo cardiaco. La evaluacion inicial debe ser rapida y enfocarse al diagnostico diferencial, estimacion del volumen y localizacion del infarto, asi como a la consideracion de terapias especificas. Entre ellas, la unica aprobada hasta el momento es la trombolisis con plasminogeno tisular recombinante (rtPA) intravenoso en pacientes seleccionados y con un curso clinico de menos de tres horas de duracion. La trombolisis intraarterial es una terapia prometedora para pacientes con oclusion de la arteria cerebral media, probada angiograficamente y de menos de 6 horas de duracion. Conclusiones. En estos momentos no hay ninguna evidencia que apoye el uso de farmacos antitromboticos o neuroprotectores para mejorar el estado neurologico. Tras la estabilizacion y evaluacion inicial, el ingreso en una unidad de ictus es aconsejable para reducir complicaciones, completar la evaluacion y comenzar la prevencion secundaria y la rehabilitacion. Las unidades de ictus son en si mismas una intervencion eficaz, pues disminuyen la mortalidad e invalidez. Mientras que actualmente solo una minoria de pacientes se beneficia de las terapias especificas, el uso de unidades especificas de ictus es una intervencion con potencial de impactar positivamente a la gran mayoria de los pacientes
New Reactions of Ketene Silyl Acetals with Imines Promoted by Titanium(IV) and Zirconium(IV) Chlorides

The reactions of vinylketene silyl acetals (VKSAs) (1) with non-activated imines (2) and vinylimines (3) promoted by TiCl4 or ZrCl4 were investigated. When the simple imine complexes of TiCl4 and ZrCl4 are used, the reactions give 5,6-dihydro-2-pyridones (6) and/or 5-amino-2-alkenoates (7) in good to excellent yields through y-addition. It is suggested that an addition-cyclization mechanism is operative for the formation of 6. The reactions of VKSAs (1) with vinylimines promoted by TiCl4 proceed through γ-1, 2 addition to afford the corresponding pyridones (8) and amino-alkadienoates (9) in moderate to excellent yields. In contrast with this, the use of ZrCl4 as the promoter leads to the formation of 6-aminomethylidene-5-phenyl-2-cyclohexen-l-ones (12) as the exclusive or predominant product through γ-1, 4 addition. Mechanisms which can accommodate the observed substantial substituent effects on product distribution and the clear differences in reactivity between TiCl4 and ZrCl4 are proposed.
Maternal stress and early-onset colorectal cancer

Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is defined as colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosed before the age of 50. Alarmingly, there has been a significant increase in EOCRC diagnoses' worldwide over the past several decades. Emerging data suggest EOCRCs have distinguishing clinical, pathological, biological and molecular features; and thus, are a fundamentally different subtype of CRCs. Unfortunately, there is no simple explanation for the causes of EOCRC. Scientifically rigorous studies are needed to determine what may be driving the challenging epidemiology of EOCRC. We contend here that a reasonable hypothesis is that prenatal risk factors such as maternal stress and associated sleeping disorders influence offspring epigenetic make-up, and shape immune system and gut health contributing to an increased risk for EOCRC.
Hemospray hemostasis in bleeding diffusely ulcerated esophagus

Background and Aims Bleeding from diffuse esophageal ulcerations can be difficult to treat. Hemospray is a hemostatic powder, and its mechanism of hemostasis is thought to be through concentrating clotting factors and forming mechanical plugs on bleeding vessels. Methods The authors present 3 consecutive cases of diffusely ulcerated esophagus with clinically significant bleeding. The first 2 cases failed conventional hemostatic treatment including clipping and injection therapy. In the third case, Hemospray was used as the first-line monotherapy. Results Immediate hemostasis was achieved in all 3 patients, and they did not develop recurrent bleeding for more than 2 months. Conclusions The authors propose that Hemospray application should be considered as the first-line therapy in diffuse esophageal ulcerations with clinically significant bleeding, potentially reducing the need to repeat endoscopy. Once the Hemospray achieves hemostasis, it provides a cyto-protective barrier on the diffusely ulcerated mucosa against ongoing acid reflux, allowing the new tissue to grow more efficiently during the ulcer healing period.
Generative Models for Low-Dimensional Video Representation and Reconstruction

Generative models have received considerable attention in signal processing and compressive sensing for their ability to generate high-dimensional natural image using low-dimensional codes. In the context of compressive sensing, if the unknown image belongs to the range of a pretrained generative network, then we can recover the image by estimating the underlying compact latent code from the available measurements. In practice, however, a given pretrained generator can only reliably generate images that are similar to the training data. To overcome this challenge, a number of methods have been proposed recently to use untrained generator structure as prior while solving the signal recovery problem. In this paper, we propose a similar method for jointly updating the weights of the generator and latent codes while recovering a video sequence from compressive measurements. We use a single generator to generate the entire video. To exploit the temporal redundancy in a video sequence, we use a low-rank constraint on the latent codes that imposes a low-dimensional manifold model on the generated video sequence. We evaluate the performance of our proposed methods on different video compressive sensing problems under different settings and compared them against some state-of-the-art methods. Our results demonstrate that our proposed methods provide better or comparable accuracy and low computational and memory complexity compared to the existing methods.
Reporting Sexual Assault: Process and Barriers Victims Experience

Sexual assault is a prevalent problem, with 18.3% of women and 1.4% of men endorsing an experience of sexual victimization within a single year. However, research has suggested that less than half of victims disclose the assault during the first 3 days post-assault, and approximately 33% wait over a year to do so. Further, there is also evidence that less than half of all sexual assault incidents are ever reported to law enforcement. Various explanations have been advanced to account for these findings, including a lack of awareness of what sexual assault is and fear of being blamed or disbelieved. In addition, it has been alleged that if sexual assault reporting is handled poorly, a “second traumatization” can occur for the victim. Given these findings, further examination of the literature on the reporting of sexual assault, including a review of barriers victims experience that influence their decision to report, is warranted. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the definitions of sexual assault, how victims report an incident, and what factors make the process of reporting difficult for victims.
Distal Radial and Ulnar Arteries: the Alternative Forearm Access

Radial artery access for catheter-based procedures has demonstrated improved margins of safety and patient comfort without a loss of efficacy compared with femoral access. Unfortunately, radial access is not always available, so a review of the alternatives such as the ulnar artery and distal radial artery has been completed to understand alternative access sites that may preserve the benefits of distal forearm access without losing the efficacy of traditional transradial access. Several different trials have demonstrated the utility of ulnar access as a possible workhorse access point. These suggest efficacy and safety, but inferior ease-of-access and more crossover than traditional radial access exists. Distal (dorsal) radial access has also been shown to have reasonable efficacy and offer some ergonomic advantages, but this comes at the price that 20–30% of all comers may not have a sufficiently large artery to use. Understanding the anatomy and techniques required to access the non-traditional, distal forearm arteries increases the skill set of operators. While neither the ulnar nor distal radial appears to substitute completely for radial access, both have potential applications that should be considered, and their utility should not be ignored.
Income dividends and subjective survival in a Cherokee Indian cohort: a quasi-experiment.

Persons with high temporal discounting tend to value immediate gratification over future gains. Low self-reported lifespan (SRL)-an individual's assessment of a relatively short future lifespan-concentrates in low-income populations and may reflect high temporal discounting. We use casino-based cash dividends among the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (EBCI) as a quasi-experiment to test whether large income gains among EBCI members translate into increased SRL. We used SRL data for EBCI and White youth, aged 19 to 28, participating in two waves of the Life Time Trajectory of Youth (LTI-Y) survey from 2000 to 2010. We controlled for unobserved confounding across individuals, time, and region through a longitudinal design using a difference-in-difference analytic approach (N = 294). We conducted all analyses separately by gender and by quartile of socioeconomic status. Cash dividends correspond with a 15.23 year increase in SRL among EBCI men below the lowest socio-economic quartile at baseline relative to Whites (standard error = 5.39, p < .01). Results using other socio-economic cut-points support improved SRL among EBCI men (but not women). The large magnitude of this result among EBCI men indicates that a non-trivial cash dividend to a low-income population may confer long-term benefits on perceptions of future lifespan and, in turn, reduce temporal discounting.Abbreviations: EBCI: Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians; SES: Socioeconomic Status; LTI-Y: Life Trajectory Interview for Youth; GSMS: Great Smoky Mountains Study; SRL: Self-Reported Lifespan; SSS: Subjective Social Status.