cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of biomechanical outcomes to independent variations of hindfoot and forefoot stiffness in foot prostheses.

Many studies have reported the effects of different foot prostheses on gait, but most results cannot be generalized because the prostheses’ properties are seldom reported. We varied hindfoot and forefoot stiffness in an experimental foot prosthesis, in increments of 15 N/mm, and tested the parametric effects of these variations on treadmill walking in unilateral transtibial amputees, at speeds from 0.7 to 1.5 m/s. We computed outcomes such as prosthesis energy return, center of mass (COM) mechanics, ground reaction forces, and joint mechanics, and computed their sensitivity to component stiffness. A stiffer hindfoot led to reduced prosthesis energy return, increased ground reaction force (GRF) loading rate, and greater stance-phase knee flexion and knee extensor moment. A stiffer forefoot resulted in reduced prosthetic-side ankle push-off and COM push-off work, and increased knee extension and knee flexor moment in late stance. The sensitivity parameters obtained from these tests may be useful in clinical prescription and further research into compensatory mechanisms of joint function.
A Cognitive Modeling Approach - Does Tactical Breathing in a Psychomotor Task Influence Skill Development during Adaptive Instruction?

This paper reports the relationship between cognitive (e.g., attentional resources) and physiological (e.g., breathing) factors in executing a psychomotor task (i.e., golf putting). We explore performance from a series of computational models in the ACT-R and ACT-R/Φ architecture in an attempt to improve adaptive instruction and feedback using a predictive model. We particularly investigate the effect of tactical breathing during a psychomotor task of golf putting. In general, learners are instructed to perform proper breathing while executing actions. However, it is not well understood that how the corresponding mechanisms of attentional control interact with the physiological factors as the learner progresses to the learning stage. In addition the instruction and feedback policy in a training system need to deal with the changing attentional capacity in the learning stage. One of the advantages using an adaptive training system (e.g., Generalized Intelligent Framework for Training: GIFT) is to provide tailored feedback to the leaner. It is, thus, necessary to understand what influences skill development, and how physiological and cognitive processes work together to reinforce correct behaviors. Our study starts to answer such questions for psychomotor instruction within intelligent tutoring systems.
Removal of lignin from straw spent pulping liquor using synthetic cationic and biobased flocculants

Abstract The spent pulping liquor (SPL) obtained from straw processed by soda (alkaline) pulping contains dissolved non-sulfonated lignin. The lignin can be separated from SPL using acid or cationic flocculants which are potentially hazardous to the environment. In this study, the performance of the biobased protein flocculant hemoglobin (HEM) with and without added calcium chloride was compared with that of a high charge density synthetic cationic flocculant, poly (diallyldimethylammonium chlorides) (pDADMAC). Turbidity measurements gave overly broad concentration ranges for optimal lignin removal which may be related to the mechanism of flocculation which requires several major steps: Conversion of dissolved lignin to particulate lignin, formation of particulate lignin flocs, and subsequent sedimentation of these flocs. An optimal flocculant concentration or concentration range was estimated using the three methods: average Zeta potential corresponding to the lowest turbidity range; a novel method using the maximum percent pellet mass calculated using the dried masses of the pellet and supernatant after centrifugation; measurement of supernatant lignin using spectroscopy. HEM light absorption interfered with spectroscopic lignin determination, and a method for correcting the measurements was devised. This study shows that HEM is an effective flocculant for nonsulfonated lignin in SPL. The HEM-lignin complex is a potential high protein component of animal feed.
Efficient simulation of EM side-channel attack resilience

Electromagnetic (EM) fields emanated during crypto-operations are an effective non-invasive channel for extracting secret keys. To predict vulnerabilities and improve resilience to EM side-channel analysis attacks, design-time simulation tools are needed. Predictive simulation of such attacks is computationally taxing, however, as it requires transient circuit and EM simulation for a large number of encryptions, with high modeling accuracy, and high spatial and temporal resolution of EM fields. We developed a computational platform for EM side-channel attack analysis using commercial EDA tools to extract current waveforms and a custom EM simulator to radiate them. We achieve a 7000X speed-up over brute-force sequential simulation by identifying information-leaking cycles, deploying hybrid gate-and transistor-level simulation, radiating only EM-dominant currents, and simulating different encryptions in parallel. This permits a vulnerability study of a 32nm design of Advanced Encryption System block cipher to differential attacks with manageable 20h/attack cost. We demonstrate that EM attacks can succeed with 6X fewer encryptions compared to power attacks and identify worst information-leaking hotspots. The proposed platform enables targeted deployment of design-level countermeasures, leading us to identify a power/ground network design with a 4X security boost over an alternative.
RASA1/NF1-Mutant Lung Cancer: Racing to the Clinic?

Although mutation of NF1 has been described in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), co-mutation with RASA1, another Ras-GTPase activating protein (RasGAP), defines a novel genetically defined subclass of NSCLC. RASA1/NF1 mutant cell lines are highly sensitive to MEK inhibitors, warranting clinical evaluation of MAPK inhibition in this subclass of patients.
Ten Things Lawyers Should Know About Internet Research

Updating legal frameworks to accomodate technological advancement of communications capabilities requires first updating other legal frameworks to accommodate empirically grounded research into what we have built, how it is used, and what it costs to sustain. Unfortunately for - and due to - well-intentioned policymakers, our scientific knowledge about the Internet is weak because researchers are typically not allowed access to any data on operational network infrastructure for privacy reasons. This data access problem was recognized long ago for its detrimental impact on infrastructure protection capabilities; many public and private sector efforts have failed to solve it. Public policy intended to protect individual user privacy places the research community in the absurd situation of not being able to do the most basic network research even on the networks established explicitly to support academic network research. Despite the methodological limitations of Internet science today, the few data points available suggest a dire picture of the future. But while the situation overwhelmingly indicates the need for a closer objective look, the only people with measurement capability on publically accessible network infrastructure today are tasked with inferring as much private information on individual users as possible - whether its to target terrorists or ads. The traditional mode of getting data from public infrastructures to inform policymaking - regulating its collection - is a quixotic path, since the government regulatory agencies have as much reason to be reluctant as providers regarding disclosure of how the Internet is engineered, used, and financed. Less surprising with hindsight, the opaqueness of the infrastructure to empirical analysis has generated many problematic responses from rigidly circumscribed communities trying to get their jobs done. As dismal as it sounds though, the news is not all bad - there is a reason everyone wants to be connected to all the world's knowledge, as well as each other, besides its status as the most powerful complex system ever created by man. The Internet's practical promise for individual freedom, democratic engagement, and economic empowerment, is also unparalleled. Moreover, even in the dim light of the profoundly needed but under attended interdisciplinary research into the network, we can ascertain some concrete constraints on the possible range of policy solutions, which all involve increasing the congruity between what we legislate and what we know.
Firearm legislation and firearm use in female intimate partner homicide using National Violent Death Reporting System data.

Firearms account for over half of female intimate partner homicides (IPH) in the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS). Although firearm-related IPH is directly associated with state-level firearm prevalence and inversely associated with specific firearm legislation targeting intimate partner violence perpetrators, these associations may be due to the underlying nature of the perpetrator population rather than the legislation or policy. We explored the impact of firearm legislation on weapon use in IPH in a cross-sectional analysis using NVDRS data via the WISQARS online interactional system, through examination of firearm (F) and non-firearm (NF) age-adjusted mortality rates and firearm: non-firearm (F:NF) rate ratios across victim gender and in states with varying levels of firearm restrictions. Overall, for 2015 (27 states aggregated), the impact of gender was substantial: the F:NF ratio for male victims was 0.92, indicating a small lead for NF mechanisms, but for female victims, it was 1.5, with greater firearm use apparent. When looking only at female IPH, jurisdictions with high firearm restrictions show a pronounced trend for a F:NF ratio 1.0. Numerous limitations apply, including: the cross sectional nature of the data, varying years for available state data; and lack of control for multiple demographic variables. Despite its limitations, this analysis extends prior research by comparing rates of NF use across jurisdictions, and suggests that availability of firearms by itself plays an important role in driving IPH rates higher in areas with fewer firearm restrictions.
Data Visualization as Participatory Research: A Model for Digital Collections to Inspire User-Driven Research

AbstractThe emerging creative practices of digital collections are increasing in prominence thanks to the access to, and appeal of, data visualizations. Interactive data visualizations, such as a m...
HIV vaccines. Viral envelope fails to deliver

Clinical trials of vaccines against the human immunodeficiency virus are underway, but initial results do not seem promising — at least for one type of vaccine. By injecting patients with a recombinant form of a viral envelope protein, gp120, the idea was to induce an antibody response that could fight subsequent infection with the virus. But in a trial of 18 people, all became infected with HIV-1 and, at the level of the immune system, those who had received the vaccine did not seem to deal with the infection any differently than unvaccinated patients.
Characterization of PVD Cr, CrN, and TiN coatings on SiC

Abstract SiC ceramic matrix composites are a potential replacement for current light water nuclear reactor fuel cladding material. However, loss of fission gas via micro-cracks and corrosion remain an issue. Cathodic arc Cr, CrN, and TiN coatings were deposited on SiC tubes and plates to provide hermeticity and corrosion resistance. These coatings were characterized to determine as-deposited quality. Cross-sectional microscopy, X-ray diffraction, glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy, and scratch tests were performed to evaluate the purity, structure, and mechanical performance of the coatings. Nitride coatings had stable interfaces, but larger defects in the coatings as compared to the Cr coatings which showed cracking at the interface, but less deposition-induced defects. Despite the local state of the interface, the mechanical properties of the metallic coatings versus ceramic coatings enabled the Cr coatings to resist loads three times that of the nitride coatings during scratch tests. Glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy showed that improvement in elemental purity is needed for future coatings.
ACTUARIAL APPLICATIONS OF WORD EMBEDDING MODELS

In insurance analytics, textual descriptions of claims are often discarded, because traditional empirical analyses require numeric descriptor variables. This paper demonstrates how textual data can be easily used in insurance analytics. Using the concept of word similarities, we illustrate how to extract variables from text and incorporate them into claims analyses using standard generalized linear model or generalized additive regression model. This procedure is applied to the Wisconsin Local Government Property Insurance Fund (LGPIF) data, in order to demonstrate how insurance claims management and risk mitigation procedures can be improved. We illustrate two applications. First, we show how the claims classification problem can be solved using textual information. Second, we analyze the relationship between risk metrics and the probability of large losses. We obtain good results for both applications, where short textual descriptions of insurance claims are used for the extraction of features.
A Tobacco Control Framework for Regulating Public Consumption of Cannabis: Multistate Analysis and Policy Implications

Eleven US states and Washington, DC, legalized recreational (adult use) cannabis. Seven states-Alaska, California, Colorado, Massachusetts, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington-allow cannabis sales. A public health concern is that exemptions in state or local smoke-free laws for public cannabis smoking or vaping will weaken smoke-free laws, expose the public to secondhand cannabis, and renormalize smoking.We describe the experience of the seven states and challenges faced in maintaining smoke-free laws. Using elements of a tobacco control framework, we identify best practices in cannabis regulation by comparing each state's smoke-free laws and allowances for public cannabis use. All states prohibit public cannabis use; two lack 100% smoke-free protections; one lacks vaping devices in its smoke-free law; three allow cannabis use in retailers; two allow cannabis use in social consumption lounges; and two allow cannabis use in tourism venues.States should close gaps in smoke-free laws and not expand where cannabis use is permitted to ensure public health.
Performance Simulation of a Solar Absorption Air Conditioning System Using Latent Heat Storage

A simulation package for a solar powered absorption air conditioning system has been developed where each component of the air conditioning system is modeled individually. LiBr/Water is considered as the absorbent/refrigerant pair in the modeling. However, the analysis is not limited to this choice and any other absorbent/refrigerant pan-can be incorporated once the relations for their thermodynamic properties are known enabling the computation of temperature, pressure and enthalpy at the essential points of the air conditioner. A simplistic model, based on the well known solar radiation formulas, for solar input is used, predicting the available solar energy to the system. A latent heat storage option is also considered and its influence in the performance is investigated. The use of the models is demonstrated by identifying a base configuration and conducting several parametric studies.
Intelligent Damage Classification and Estimation in Power Distribution Poles Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Convolutional Neural Networks

Damage estimation is part of daily operation of power utilities, often requiring a manual process of crew deployment and damage report to quantify and locate damages. Advancement in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as well as real-time communication and learning technologies could be harnessed towards efficient and accurate automation of this process. This paper develops a model to automate the process of estimating and localizing damages in power distribution poles, which utilizes the images taken by UAVs transferred in real-time to an intelligent damage classification and estimation (IDCE) unit. The IDCE unit integrates four convolutional neural networks to learn the states of poles from images, extract the image characteristics, and train an automated intelligent tool to replace manual fault location and damage estimation. The proposed model first determines the type of pole damages, including falling and burning, and then estimates the percentage of damage in each type. The IDCE unit also localizes damages in the poles by locating possible burning or arcing parts. A data set of 1615 images is utilized to train, validate and test the proposed model, which demonstrates high accuracy of the model in classifying and estimating damages in distribution poles.
Abstract P520: Associations of Dietary Patterns and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study Differ by History of Coronary Heart Disease

Introduction: Previous investigations of the association of a healthy dietary pattern, the Mediterranean (Med) diet, and risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) are limited and generally have not examin...
Smart crawfish: A concept of underwater multi-bolt looseness identification using entropy-enhanced active sensing and ensemble learning

Abstract With the rapid development of the oil industry, more and more subsea pipelines enter into service, and thus we are facing the challenge of safe operation and maintenance of these underwater infrastructures. For instance, as a common component to connect subsea pipelines, the flange is prone to losing sufficient integrity due to severe working conditions and harsh environments under the sea. However, most of the current structural health monitoring (SHM) and nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques are targeted at onshore structures, and we require a more practical method for multi-bolt looseness identification of subsea flanges. In this paper, attempting to solve the above difficulty, we propose the “Smart Crawfish”, which is a concept that employs a subsea robot equipped with a gripper and a pair of Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) transducers to implement the active sensing method. Particularly, the main computational contribution of this paper is that we develop two new entropy indexes, i.e., multiscale range entropy (MRangeEn) and multiscale bubble entropy (MbEn) to enhance the current active sensing method (i.e., the entropy-enhanced active sensing method). To detect underwater multi-bolt looseness, we first obtain stress wave signals under different categories (i.e., different cases of multi-bolt looseness) by the active sensing and then compute their MRangeEn and MbEn to construct the feature dataset. Subsequently, via the dataset, a stacking-based ensemble learning classifier is trained to classify different categories. Finally, we conduct a lab-level experiment to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, which outperforms the current entropy-enhanced active sensing. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first attempt to address the detection of underwater multi-bolt looseness, which has great potential for future industrial applications.
Cook, Vaneesa, Spiritual Socialists: Religion and the American Left: Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 272 pp., $49.95, ISBN 978-0-122-5165-4, Publication Date: October 2019

Vaneesa Cook, a historian and freelance writer on religion and politics, has given us a book for our times. Spiritual Socialists: Religion and the American Left is a study of a handful (eight or te...
Multiple-tact training may promote the emergence of receptive categorization and selection responses but results limited by methodological rigor

Q (1) Does multiple-tact training (MTT) establish visual categorization and related listener behavior?(2) Does the typical sequence (item tact training followed by category tact training) affect th...
CmWave to MmWave Reconfigurable Antenna for 5G Applications

This paper presents a reconfigurable antenna with a tunable operating frequency from mmwave band (e.g., 28GHz) to microwave frequency band (e.g., 6GHz and below). The antenna consists of multiple individual antenna elements at mmwave frequency connected with Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) based switches. Considering the location, dimension, and the number of MEMS switches, this paper thoroughly studies their effects on the performance of individual antenna elements and the entire array. A $3\times 3$ antenna array has been implemented to demonstrate frequency tunability from 6GHz to 28 GHz with good performance. Better frequency reconfigurability can be achieved with more optimized antenna elements and switches.
Arthroscopic Anchor-Based Hip Capsular Reconstruction Without Graft Augmentation.

Abstract The hip capsule is one of the most important static stabilizers of the hip joint. Routine capsulotomy without closure during hip arthroscopy increases instability of the hip joint, leading to pain and dysfunction. Capsular repair is now part of routine practice for most hip arthroscopists with restoration of normal hip biomechanics. In patients requiring revision surgery due to ongoing pain and instability as a result of deficient capsule, capsular reconstruction often is necessary to restore hip stability. Although there are many techniques available both with and without the use of allograft tissue, the purpose of this report is to describe a novel technique for capsular reconstruction without the use of graft augmentation using suture anchors at the acetabular rim.
The Effect of sulfur and use of ruminal available sulfur as a model to predict incidence of polioencephalomalacia in feedlot cattle

longitudinal analysis of health and nutritional data from 16,760 cattle within 80 beef feedlot finishing trials was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary sulfur on polioencephalomalacia (PEM). Data were compiled from health and research records collected at the University of Nebraska Research Feedlot between 2002 and 2009. Poisson regression was used to test the relationship between health outcomes and dietary factors on PEM incidence. Because of the low incidence of PEM in these data, statistical significance was defined a priori at alpha <0.10. There was a significant interaction between concentration of dietary sulfur and forage NDF on the incidence of PEM cases. The dietary sulfur by forage neutral detergent fiber (NDF) interaction is probably due to forage fiber moderating H2S production in the rumen. Rumen available sulfur (RAS) was estimated for feedstuffs. As level of RAS increased in the diet by 0.1%, the incidence of PEM increased nearly 3-fold. There was no interaction between RAS and forage NDF on PEM incidence. It may be that RAS is a better measure of PEM risk than dietary sulfur because it estimates the rumen available forms of sulfur which pose a greater risk of inducing PEM, and RAS accounts for PEM risk independent of the risk due to forage fiber. It may be possible to manage PEM incidence by using RAS measurements to formulate rations fed to feedlot cattle.
Suture, synthetic, or biologic in contaminated ventral hernia repair.

Abstract Background Data are lacking to support the choice between suture, synthetic mesh, or biologic matrix in contaminated ventral hernia repair (VHR). We hypothesize that in contaminated VHR, suture repair is associated with the lowest rate of surgical site infection (SSI). Methods A multicenter database of all open VHR performed at from 2010–2011 was reviewed. All patients with follow-up of 1 mo and longer were included. The primary outcome was SSI as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The secondary outcome was hernia recurrence (assessed clinically or radiographically). Multivariate analysis (stepwise regression for SSI and Cox proportional hazard model for recurrence) was performed. Results A total of 761 VHR were reviewed for a median (range) follow-up of 15 (1–50) mo: there were 291(38%) suture, 303 (40%) low-density and/or mid-density synthetic mesh, and 167(22%) biologic matrix repair. On univariate analysis, there were differences in the three groups including ethnicity, ASA, body mass index, institution, diabetes, primary versus incisional hernia, wound class, hernia size, prior VHR, fascial release, skin flaps, and acute repair. The unadjusted outcomes for SSI (15.1%; 17.8%; 21.0%; P = 0.280) and recurrence (17.8%; 13.5%; 21.5%; P = 0.074) were not statistically different between groups. On multivariate analysis, biologic matrix was associated with a nonsignificant reduction in both SSI and recurrences, whereas synthetic mesh associated with fewer recurrences compared to suture (hazard ratio = 0.60; P = 0.015) and nonsignificant increase in SSI. Conclusions Interval estimates favored biologic matrix repair in contaminated VHR; however, these results were not statistically significant. In the absence of higher level evidence, surgeons should carefully balance risk, cost, and benefits in managing contaminated ventral hernia repair.
Expression of Phospholipase D during Castor Bean Leaf Senescence

Membrane deterioration in plant senescence is commonly associated with progressive decreases in membrane phospholipid content. This study investigated the expression and regulation of phospholipase D (PLD; EC 3.1.4.4) during senescence in castor bean (Ricinus communis L. cv Hale) leaf discs. The rate of leaf senescence was accelerated by 50 [mu]M abscisic acid and was attenuated by 50 [mu]M cytokinin during incubation at 23[deg]C for up to 5 d. Leaf senescence was indicated by decreases in the content of total proteins, chlorophyll, and phospholipids. PLD activity in both membrane-associated and cytosolic fractions showed a gradual increase in the absence of phytohormones. Abscisic acid stimulated an increase in membrane-associated PLD and had little effect on the soluble form. On the other hand, cytokinin retarded the increase in membrane-associated PLD. Immunoblotting analysis using PLD-specific antibodies revealed that the changes in PLD activity were correlated with those of PLD protein. Analysis of PLD by nondenaturing PAGE showed the appearance of a PLD structural variant, PLD 3, in abscisic acid-treated leaf discs. Northern blotting analysis using a PLD cDNA probe revealed an increase in PLD mRNA in senescing leaf discs. These data indicate complex mechanisms for the regulation of PLD during senescence, which include increases in membrane-associated PLD, differential expression of PLD isoforms, and changes in amounts of PLD protein and mRNA. Such controlled expression points to a role for PLD in membrane deterioration and plant senescence.
Class and Gender in the Philippines: Ethnographic Interviews with Female Employer-Female Domestic Dyads

This study is an ethnographic analysis of the relationship between female employers and female domestics in the Philippines focusing on how it maintains and reproduces the intersecting class and gender relations of power that brought the two women together. It also explores relationality how the privileging of one group of women is related to the exploitation of another. Data for analysis was based on interviews with 25 female employer-female domestic dyads in a city in the Philippines in 1989. The questions for the semi-structured interviews were focused on four major research questions:1.) What kinds of female employer-female domestic relationship exist between the women in this city?; 2.) What makes one female employer-female domestic relationship similar to and different from another?; 3.) What is unique about the Philippine case in terms of this employer-employee relationship?; and 4.) How is the intersectionality of class and gender relations articulated in the female employer-female domestic relationship? The analysis reveals the existence of 4 types of female employer-female domestic relationships. The dynamics of dependency, fictive kinship, proprietarity, and deference are expressed in somewhat different ways. But in all case these ways indicate an asymmetric power relationship. The analysis suggests that these employers and domestics exhibit some level of agency, empowerment and solidarity in their daily interactions. However these are undermined by intersecting forces of class and gender relations in Philippine society. In particular “compandrazgo”, a system of patronage well-entrenched in Philippines society since the Spanish era, inhibits empowerment among domestics and female solidarity
Use of hinge craniotomy for cerebral decompression. Technical note

Decompressive craniectomy to relieve cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension due to traumatic brain injury is a generally accepted practice; however, the procedure remains controversial because of its uncertain effects on outcome, specific complications such as the syndrome of the sinking skin flap, and the need for subsequent cranioplasty. The authors developed a novel craniotomy technique using titanium bone plates in a hinged fashion, which maintains cerebral protection while reducing postoperative complications and eliminating subsequent cranioplasty procedures. The authors conducted a retrospective review of data obtained in all consecutive patients who had undergone posttraumatic cerebral decompression craniotomy using the hinge technique at a Level I trauma facility between 1990 and 2004. Twenty-five patients, most of whom were male (88%) and Caucasian (88%) with a mean age of 38.2 +/- 16.1 years, underwent the hinge craniotomy. The in-hospital mortality rate was 48%, and good cerebral decompression was achieved. None of the patients required surgery for flap replacement. Long-term follow-up data showed that one patient required subsequent cranioplasty due to infection and one patient presented with cranial deformities. None of the patients presented with bone resorption or sinking flap syndrome. The hinge technique effectively prevents procedure-related morbidity and the need for subsequent surgical bone replacement otherwise introduced by traditional decompressive craniectomy. A randomized controlled trial is required to substantiate these findings.
Testing Thermal Death Data for Significant Nonlogarithmic Behavior

The thermal death behavior of Bacillus stearothermophilus spores in distilled water suspensions is nonlogarithmic in dynamic as well as static tests. The explanation of heat lags as the cause of nonlogarithmic behavior is incorrect.
Models for Galactic X-Ray Sources

This discussion will be highly circumscribed in a few respects. First, I shall limit my attention to those compact galactic X-ray sources whose X-ray luminosities are considerably in excess of the solar luminosity, and in particular I shall exclude from my discussion the weak X-ray emission that has been detected from many apparently isolated stars (Linsky 1980; Vaiana 1980). I shall also exclude any detailed discussion of individual peculiar objects and shall instead concentrate on the general trends among the majority of the bright galactic sources.
Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test

This is a nonparametric test procedure for the analysis of matched-pair data, based on differences, or for a single sample. The null hypothesis is that the differences, or individual observations in the single-sample case, have a distribution centered about zero. The absolute values are ranked. The test statistic is the sum of the ranks for either the positive or the negative values. Examples and details, including large-sample properties, are given. Keywords: nonparametric; distribution-free; ranks; absolute differences; large samples; ARE; censored
Analysis of XDMoD/SUPReMM Data Using Machine Learning Techniques

Machine learning techniques were applied to job accounting and performance data for application classification. Job data were accumulated using the XDMoD monitoring technology named SUPReMM, they consist of job accounting information, application information from Lariat/XALT, and job performance data from TACC_Stats. The results clearly demonstrate that community applications have characteristic signatures which can be exploited for job classification. We conclude that machine learning can assist in classifying jobs of unknown application, in characterizing the job mixture, and in harnessing the variation in node and time dependence for further analysis.
Antifibrinogen IgG, Fibrinogen, and Clq Complexes Circulating in a Hypodysfibrinogenemic Proband

Circulating antifibrinogen antibodies have been reported in rare afibrinogenemic propositi, apparently occurring following fibrinogen replacement therapy, but immune complexes have not been described. In this report we describe circulating immune complexes formed by a monoclonal antifibrinogen IgG in a heterozygous hypodysfibrinogenemic (A alpha 16 Arg-->Cys) proband. Estimated by partial protein sequence and by other analyses, each immune complex consisted of one fibrin(ogen), one C1q, and 3-4 IgG molecules. The complexes were cryoprecipitable, a property also displayed by mixtures of proband IgG and normal fibrinogen. Indicating that both D and E domains were necessary for this behavior, cryoprecipitability was abolished by preincubation of the isolated IgG with either isolated normal fibrinogen fragment D100 or E. Consistent with the crossreactivity of the IgG with normal and mutant fibrinogen, the results suggest that the primary epitope resides on a D-E locus on the fibrin polymer formed by normal and abnormal molecules containing the uncleaved (or mutant) peptide A.
Crystal Structure of Bi2O4 with β-Sb2O4-Type Structure

A new mixed valent bismuth oxide, Bi3+Bi5+O4, was prepared by a low temperature hydrothermal reaction using a hydrated sodium bismuth oxide, NaBiO3 · nH2O, as a starting material. This oxide is isostructural with β-Sb2O4 and the lattice parameters are a = 12.3668(2), b = 5.1180(1), c = 5.5670(1) A and β = 107.838(1)° in the monoclinic system. The crystal structure was refined using high resolution neutron powder diffraction data resulting in RWP = 7.76, Rp = 6.01, RE = 5.98, and RI = 2.02%. In this mixed valent bismuth oxide, Bi3+ and Bi5+ occupy distinct crystallographic sites, Bi3+ being coordinated by eight oxygens and Bi5+ being octahedrally coordinated by six oxygens. The structure can be related to the CaF2-type structure. This mixed valent bismuth oxide decomposes to Bi2O3 via an intermediate phase with mixed valent states with weight loss caused by reduction of Bi5+ to Bi3+ at elevated temperatures.
Genetic variability in response to dietary calcium

Supplemental dietary calcium has been shown to reduce blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats while restricted calcium diets cause an elevation in blood pressure. This latter nutrient effect has been enhanced by modest sodium restriction and is associated with a reduction in serum ionized calcium concentration. To determine whether alterations of dietary calcium and sodium have a similar influence on blood pressure in genetically normotensive rats, Fisher 344, Wistar Furth, and ACI rats were fed either a low (0.1%) calcium, low (0.25%) sodium diet or normal (1.0%) calcium, normal sodium (0.45%) diet from 4 weeks of age through 29 weeks of age. Indirect measurements of systolic blood pressure showed that only the Fisher 344 rats consistently responded to the low calcium/low sodium diets with an elevation of blood pressure. There was considerable variation in serum electrolytes across strains in the normal diets but all three strains experienced a reduction in ionized calcium and an elevation in phosphorus and magnesium on the restricted diets. In the Fisher 344 rats there were significant (p less than .05) inverse correlations among systolic blood pressure and serum ionized and total calcium concentrations and positive correlations among systolic blood pressure, phosphorus, and magnesium. There was no significant correlation between serum electrolytes and blood pressure in the other two strains. The data indicate that there is genetic variability in the blood pressure response to alterations in dietary calcium and sodium. The pattern of change in serum electrolytes across strains suggests that diet-induced alterations of serum electrolytes, specifically calcium, are not necessarily predictive of a pressor response. It would appear that some other calcium-sensitive physiological process involved in blood pressure regulation must respond differentially to calcium availability across strains.
Body temperature effects of opioids in rats: intracerebroventricular administration.

Abstract A variety of opioids were injected intracerebroventricularly into unrestrained rats, and rectal temperatures were monitored over several hours. Complete dose-response data for morphine, heroin, etorphine, d- and l-ethylketazocine, d- and l-pentazocine, and d- and l-N-allylnormetazocine re revealed a predominant response of hyperthermia. Only etorphine in high doses caused a pronounced decrease in body temperature. These results differed considerably from those obtained previously with subcutaneously administered opioids but can be explained in terms of a dual-receptor theory of temperature control.
Optimisation of night-time ventilation parameters to reduce building's energy consumption by integrating DOE2 and MATLAB

We have developed an algorithm to optimise the fan flow rate by integrating DOE2 (building's energy simulation software) with MATLAB's genetic algorithm. In our developed algorithm, MATLAB can send desired values of optimisation variables for different hours to DOE2 to simulate building's energy use, and it can also receive building's energy consumption and other data from DOE2 for the optimisation. This powerful optimisation tool can be used for finding optimal solution of night-time ventilation fan flow rates and maximising energy savings. Results of optimisation are used to train a neural network to predict fan flow rates for different conditions. Night-time ventilation investigated in DOE2 considers parameters such as (1) night-time ventilation duration, (2) ventilation fan flow rate, (3) outdoor temperature, and (4) temperature difference between outdoor and indoor. Optimisation results show outdoor temperature between 10°C and 18°C and the temperature difference of more than 8°C are appropriate for ...
The preparation of the first α-vinylidenepenams

Abstract Benzyl esters of the first 6-vinylidenepenams have been prepared by reaction of 6-position propargylic triflates with higher order organocuprates. This methodology permits a great deal of versatility in the introduction of substituents at the terminal allenyl position.
A New Method of Checking the Consistency of Precedence Matrices

A new method of checking the consistency of precedence matrices is demonstrated. The method is based on the theorem that a precedence matrix is consistent if and only if every principal submatrix has at least one zero row or zero column. Because this method recognizes inconsistencies in their implicit form whereas the conventional method recognized only explicit contradictions, a considerable saving in time and effort can be effected, since the process of making explicit all the implications of a precedence matrix particularly a larger one, is a tedious time-consuming operation.
Self-care agency and symptom management in patients treated for mood disorder

Symptom management of patients with mood disorder, such as depression and bipolar disorder, influences quality of life and relapse. This article describes a study of symptom recognition and management and the ability of self-care agency to predict symptom management. A purposive sample of 45 subjects was studied. Step-wise multiple regression analyses of self-care agency with symptom management resulted in self-care agency explaining 37% of the variance in symptom management at 2 months posthospitalization. Patients with mood disorders have long-term vulnerability for relapse after hospital stabilization. Nurses need to continue to find ways to assess and strengthen symptom management and self-care in these relapse-prone individuals.
Optical and piezoelectric analysis of polymer films for chemical sensor characterization

The responses of a polymeric optical waveguide sensor and a polymer coated Lamb wave piezoelectric sensor are used to characterize the chemical interaction of an analyte with the polymer layer. Information in the sensor response about polymer swelling, pore filling, mass loading, and changes in viscoelastic properties can be used to elucidate the interaction mechanism. Additionally, using two types of sensors in a mixed array increases selectivity by providing different information about the same sample. The complementary nature of these two sensors and their response mechanisms are explored.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Emanuela Bozzini and Bernard Enjolras (Eds.), Governing Ambiguities: New Forms of Local Governance and Civil Society

Editor: LOUISE K. COMFORT University of Pittsburgh, USAGoverning Ambiguities makes important theoretical and empirical contributions to research on local governance. As the contributors to this edi...
Life‐span dendritic and spine changes in areas 10 and 18 of human cortex: A quantitative golgi study

Dendritic neuropil is a sensitive indicator of the aging process and may exhibit regional cortical variations. The present study examined regional differences and age-related changes in the basilar dendrites/spines of supragranular pyramidal cells in human prefrontal (area 10) and secondary occipital (area 18) cortices. Tissue was obtained from the left hemisphere of 26 neurologically normal individuals ranging in age from 14 to 106 years (Mage = 57 ± 22 years; 13 males, 13 females). In tissue prepared by a modified rapid Golgi technique, ten neurons were sampled from each cortical region (N = 520) and were evaluated according to the following parameters: total dendritic length, mean segment length, dendritic segment count, dendritic spine number, and dendritic spine density. The effects of age and Brodmann areas were analyzed with a nested multiple analysis of variance design. Despite considerable interindividual variation, several clear findings emerged: 1) Dendritic systems were significantly larger in area 10 than in area 18 across the sampled life span, presumably because of the more integrative function of area 10 neurons. 2) There was a significant age effect, with a substantial decline in dendritic neuropil from the younger (≤50 years) group to the older (>50 years) group, especially in spine measures, which decreased almost 50%. 3) Dendritic values were relatively stable after 40 years of age, suggesting that dendritic/spine degeneration in older, relatively healthy individuals may not be an inevitable consequence of the aging process. These findings underscore the importance of life-long commitment to a cognitively invigorating environment. J. Comp. Neurol. 386:661–680, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The bingo model of survivorship: 1. probabilistic aspects.

An approach to the study of survivorship is presented that is based on identifiable biological mechanisms. The objective of the approach is the detailed analysis of extensive family data on length of life. In Part 1 the authors focus on methodological aspects. (ANNOTATION)
PLASMA RADIATION FROM ELECTRON-BOMBARDED Be FILMS.

Abstract A plasma energy of (18.1 ± 0.4) eV has been determined for Be. Thin evaporated films of Be were bombarded by normally incident 80 keV electrons with the emitted radiation being observed at 30° from the incident electron beam. Peaks in the emission spectrum were identified as due to plasma radiation or transition radiation.
ARTHROPODS THAT PREY ON VERTEBRATES

Summary 1. Many arthropods are predators of vertebrates: four orders of the class arachnida, six orders of insecta, five orders of crustacea and one order of chilopoda include species that have been reported to eat vertebrates. At the population level, some arthropods are responsible for significant mortality among some vertebrates. 2. Arthropods are well equipped for this type of predation; many are larger than vertebrates (approximately 20% of the vertebrate fauna of eastern North America is less than 10 cm in length), they may hunt in social groups and many have toxins or other adaptations that increase predatory efficiency. 3. Several arthropod predators and vertebrates may be involved in cross predation, the species eating each other. The switch in the role of predator and prey occurs during ‘ontogenetic reversal’ as the vertebrate grows from small and vulnerable to large and predaceous. Cross predation decreases the future risk for one's self or offspring. 4. The opportunity for arthropod predation on vertebrates exists in many communities, but a review of some food webs catalogued by Cohen (1978) indicates that this particular link may be easily overlooked. Some arthropods should be investigated as potential predators of vertebrates. 5. The information available from the analysis of feeding interactions in a community should be an important link between field and theoretical ecology; however, most food webs are probably underestimates of the complexity that is commonplace.
The librarian-scholar

Abstract Enmity commonly exists between librarians and teaching faculty, and it creates divisiveness within librarianship, between those librarians whose work is most closely linked to the traditional humanistic disciplines and those who are managers or focused on other aspects of librarianship. The divisiveness needs to end.
The Intracellular Domain of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α Subunit Mediates Its Coclustering with Rapsyn

Abstract Muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) are immobilized at the neuromuscular junction in high-density clusters by rapsyn, a 43-kDa protein located at the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane. When expressed in nonmuscle cells, rapsyn induces the aggregation of both assembled and unassembled AChR subunits. Here, we investigated the mechanism of rapsyn-induced clustering of the AChR α subunit by testing a series of α subunit mutants for colocalization with rapsyn patches in transfected QT6 cells. Partial or total deletion of the large intracellular domain of the α subunit dramatically reduced its ability to colocalize with rapsyn patches. Furthermore, insertion of the α subunit large intracellular domain into a potassium channel resulted in a significant increase in the channel's colocalization with rapsyn patches. We conclude that the large intracellular domain of the α subunit plays an important role in mediating rapsyn-induced coclustering of the AChR α subunit.