cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Concerning factors which determine whether flux-lattice shear or pin breaking limits the critical current density of superconductors

An elementary model that illustrates the conditions under which flux-lattice shear, rather than pin breaking, limits the critical current density is presented. An expression for the shear strength of the flux-lattice, based on the plasticity of metals and alloys, is used to derive the critical current density, including the effect of thermal activation in the flux creep regime. Expressions are also derived for the flow stress and dislocation density of the flux-line lattice (FLL) and are combined to yield the magnetic-field- and temperature-dependent critical current density in the absence of thermal activated flux creep. The rate theory of plastic deformation is used to derive the electric-field vs. current-density relation and J/sub c/ to be expected when thermally activated processes make the dominant contribution to FLL shear. >
Computed tomography in adult-onset epileptic seizures in a city hospital population.

Summary: Computed tomography (CT) was performed on 155 patients from a city hospital population who developed seizures after age 20. CT was normal in 58 (37.4%) and abnormal in 97 patients (62.6%). A focal abnormality was seen in 71 patients (45.8%). Lesions potentially correctable by surgery were found in 24 patients (15.4%). As expected, the occurrence of abnormal CTs was higher (73%) in patients with partial seizures. Although CT is undeniably useful in evaluating the cause of seizures, no demonstrable lesion was found in a relatively large number of patients (37.4%). RESUME Une scanographie cerebrale (CT) a ete pratiquee chez 155 patients d'un hopital de ville qui presentaient une epilepsie ayant debute apres l'âge de 20 ans. La CT s'est revelee normale chez 58 patients (37.4%) et anormale ches 97 patients (62.6%). Une anomalie focale a ete constatee chez 71 patients, soit 45.8%. Des lesions susceptibles d'etre sanctionees par la chirurgie ont ete constatee chez 24 patients, soit 15.4%. Comme il elait previsible, la frequence des anomalies focales etait plus elevee (73%) chez les patients presentant des crises partielles. Bien que la CT soit indeniablement utile dans le bilan etiologique des crises, nous retenons qu'elle n'a pas permis de demontrer l'existence d'une leasion dans une proportion relativement elevee des patients (37.4%). RESUMEN Se ha practicado una tomografia computarizada (CT) en 155 enfermos de una poblacion perteneciente a un hospital civil que desarrollo ataques despuls de los 20 anos de edad. La CT fue normal en 58 casos (37.4%) y anormal en 97 enfermos (62.6%) se observo una anormalidad focal en 71 pacientes (45.8%) lesiones que podian ser corregidas mediante cirugia se encontraron en 24 pacientes (15.4%). Como era anticipable, la frecuencia de CTs anormales fue mas elevada (73%) enfermos con ataques par-dales. Aunque el CT es, sin duda, util en la evaluacion de la causa de los ataques, no se ha demostrado lesiones en un nfl-mero relativamente altos de pacientes (37.4%).
Achieving Zero Central Line–associated Bloodstream Infection Rates in Your Intensive Care Unit

Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is one of the most common health care-associated infections in the United States. The costs associated with CLABSIs include an estimated 28,000 deaths in the intensive care unit and up to $2.3 billion annually. Best practice guidelines, checklists, and establishing a culture of safety in hospitals are all initiatives designed to reduce the rate of CLABSI to zero.
If I Come Out of the Closet, Will I Be Supported? Journey of a Gay Latino Community College Student

I spent the first two years of college at a two-year community in southern California. I had very sheltered high school experience, so attending college was exciting for me. In high school, I wasn't involved in extracurricular activities or organizations other than choir, and I didn't share my sexual orientation with others. College, I hoped, was going to change all that for me. I knew from the moment I graduated high school that I wanted to change everything. I wanted to be involved on campus, and most of all, I wanted to finally come out of the closet, be honest with everyone, and honor my identity as a gay Latino.
Procedural and interpretive skills of medical students: experiences and attitudes of fourth-year students.

AbstractBackgroundRecent data do not exist on medical students’ performance of and attitudes toward procedural and interpretive skills deemed important by medical educators.MethodA total of 171 medical students at seven medical schools were surveyed regarding frequency of performance, self-confidenc
Addition of Highly Efficient Bottoming Cycles for the Nth-Generation Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Power Plant

An intermediate scale (2.0 MW gross) molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) power plant recently began operating in Santa Clara, California. The goal of the project is to demonstrate the possibility of long-term operation of MCFC stacks. The fuel cell stacks are the only source of electricity, which means a simple power plant system, and relatively low capital costs. This, however, results in substantial work losses in the plant, most of which come from the hot exhaust gas discharge. The predicted efficiency is a respectable 50 percent. In this paper, an exergy analysis is performed in order to study if a future plant’s efficiency can be improved. It is shown that for the future plant of this type it would be worthwhile to consider the addition of a steam bottoming cycle as well as changing the configuration of the top cycle. This can lead to improving the efficiency to close to 70 percent. The modified power plant requires additional equipment, such as steam turbines, heat exchangers, condensers; thus, the capital cost of the plant changes substantially. A cost analysis of the modified plant was performed, and a comparison of the cost of electricity between the two cycles is made. Finally, a Kalina cycle as one option for a bottoming cycle is considered as well.
Growth of A1N by the chemical vapor reaction process and its application to lateral overgrowth on patterned sapphire substrates

Abstract Growth of A1N on patterned sapphire substrates was studied. Deep grooves were made on sapphire substrates by a laser-induced backside wet etching technique. KrF excimer laser was irradiated at an interface between sapphire and phenolphthalein/ N -methyl-2-pyrrolidone solution, which acts as a super-heating liquid. An etch rate of sapphire was as high as 6 μm/min for laser power of 1.0 J/cm 2 . The A1N layer was grown on the patterned sapphire substrate by chemical vapor reaction process at 1190 °C for 1 h. On the inclined sidewall of the etched grooves, A1N grew with its c -axis perpendicular to the sidewall. This produced m -plane surfaces which were inclined around 20° to the basal plane of sapphire. A threading dislocation density of m -plane A1N domains was 8×10 8 cm −2 .
Scanner Image Quality Profiling

When using a document scanner, scan image quality is often unknown to the end user of the scanned image. Document scanners may employ different imaging technologies that can result in different image characteristics. Variability of scanner parts and the manufacturing process may also create variability of the scanned image quality from machine to machine. Image quality of the same scanner may also change as it ages and becomes contaminated. If the scanned image is used for human viewing, the resulting image quality variability may not be mission critical other than being a visual annoyance because the human visual system has superb adaptation and segmentation capability. However, if the scanned image is used for machine recognition or for printing, the image quality variability may become important and even mission critical. Here we propose a framework to profile the scanner image quality and tag the scanned image with the IQ profile. We review the potential quantified aspects of scan image quality and propose a method of characterization with examples.
Self-organized patchiness in asthma as a prelude to catastrophic shifts

Asthma is a common disease affecting an increasing number of children throughout the world. In asthma, pulmonary airways narrow in response to contraction of surrounding smooth muscle. The precise nature of functional changes during an acute asthma attack is unclear. The tree structure of the pulmonary airways has been linked to complex behaviour in sudden airway narrowing and avalanche-like reopening. Here we present experimental evidence that bronchoconstriction leads to patchiness in lung ventilation, as well as a computational model that provides interpretation of the experimental data. Using positron emission tomography, we observe that bronchoconstricted asthmatics develop regions of poorly ventilated lung. Using the computational model we show that, even for uniform smooth muscle activation of a symmetric bronchial tree, the presence of minimal heterogeneity breaks the symmetry and leads to large clusters of poorly ventilated lung units. These clusters are generated by interaction of short- and long-range feedback mechanisms, which lead to catastrophic shifts similar to those linked to self-organized patchiness in nature. This work might have implications for the treatment of asthma, and might provide a model for studying diseases of other distributed organs.
A dynamic time order network for time-series gene expression data analysis

Typical analysis of time-series gene expression data such as clustering or graphical models cannot distinguish between early and later drug responsive gene targets in cancer cells. However, these genes would represent good candidate biomarkers. We propose a new model - the dynamic time order network - to distinguish and connect early and later drug responsive gene targets. This network is constructed based on an integrated differential equation. Spline regression is applied for an accurate modeling of the time variation of gene expressions. Then a likelihood ratio test is implemented to infer the time order of any gene expression pair. One application of the model is the discovery of estrogen response biomarkers. For this purpose, we focused on genes whose responses are late when the breast cancer cells are treated with estradiol (E2). Our approach has been validated by successfully finding time order relations between genes of the cell cycle system. More notably, we found late response genes potentially interesting as biomarkers of E2 treatment.
Analytical market segmentation in nonbusiness situations: marketing the energy audit in the USA☆

Abstract Over the last decade, several authors have advocated that marketing applications be also extended to other than conventional business organizations. However, one of the major problems identified in such an endeavor has been the difficulties encountered in market segmentation. Our paper illustrates how the principles and procedures applied in conventional business situations can also be adopted in nonbusiness situations to meaningfully segment the market. In this regard, we report an empirical investigation of the energy audit program in the USA.
Ultraviolet microbeam irradiation of the nucleoli of living cells.

Abstract Ultraviolet microbeam irradiation of the nucleoli of living cells has been continuously carried out for periods up to 12 hours. This procedure results in a marked loss of the ultraviolet absorbing material from the nucleolus in approximately 4 to 6 hours. For the next 6 or 7 hours no detectable change occurred in the ultraviolet absorption image of the cell or in the visible light image of the cell, and the microscopically detectable cell functions and types of motion continued in an unaltered fashion.
Studies on the structure of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex: topography of the subunits of the iron-sulfur flavoprotein component

Resolution of the mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex (Complex I) by chaotropic agents result in the separation of three building blocks of the enzyme, designated FP (flavoprotein), IP (iron-sulfur protein), and HP (hydrophobic protein). FP contains three subunits of Mr 51, 24, and 9 kDa; one FMN; and two iron-sulfur clusters. Immunochemical studies with monospecific antibodies to the FP subunits have indicated that all three subunits of FP protrude from the inner mitochondrial membrane on the matrix side, whereas no reactive epitopes from these subunits were found exposed on the cytosolic side [A.-L. Han, T. Yagi, and Y. Hatefi (1988) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 267, 490-496]. IP contains six subunits of Mr 75, 49, 30, 18, 15, and 13 kDa and four iron-sulfur clusters. In the present study, immunochemical experiments (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and 125I-protein A labeling) were carried out with monospecific antibodies to the above IP subunits and with bovine Complex I, submitochondrial particles, mitoplasts, and intact mitochondria as sources of antigens. Results have indicated that all six IP subunits protrude from the inner mitochondrial membrane into the matrix, and that the 75-kDa subunit, and possibly the 15-kDa subunit, protrude in mitoplasts from the cytosolic side as well. No epitopes reactive toward the monospecific antibodies to the 49-, 30-, 18-, and 13-kDa subunits were detected in mitoplasts.
Apparatus and methods for production of printed aromatic and gustative information

As we advance with the implementation of novel technologies, apparati and protocols that combine existing technologies with emergent ones are becoming more relevant to ensure smoother transitions and overcome challenges that new technologies alone can not address. The author essentially suggests a new type of information exchange which focuses on the olfactory/gustatory perceptual realm of smell and taste. In principle, a printing module transforms signals received from the processing unit into olfactory documents that can, in turn, be stored and preserved as scented texts on thin layers of a gustative medium.
Spontaneous symmetry breakdown and symmetry restoration in the statistical mechanics of a many-boson model

Abstract We study the statistical mechanics of a many-boson system with constant two-body potential energy g / N ( g > 0, N is the number of bosons). The grand canonical partition function can be computed exactly by functional integration which allows for a simple discussion of spontaneous symmetry breakdown. It turns out to be possible to exhibit the healing of the broken symmetry.
The Differential Impact of Goal Congruency on Attitudes, Intentions, and the Transfer of Brand Equity

Abstract Various theories suggest that the perceived similarity of objects facilitates the transfer of knowledge, affect, and intentions from one object to the other. However, there is disagreement as to the meaning of similarity and how it should be operationalized among these various theories, and no effort to relate these various measures to one another exists in the literature. In an empirical study, the authors examine the relationships among measures of product similarity in three different contexts: (1) goal-congruent products, (2) moderately goal-incongruent products, and (3) extremely goal-incongruent products. The results of exploratory factor analyses revealed that perceived similarity is a multidimensional construct and that the number and structure of these dimensions of similarity are different when products differ in their degrees of goal congruency. Structural equation analyses of the measures based on a second sample confirmed the structure obtained in the earlier exploratory analyses and...
Aspect language features for concern coverage profiling

In program profiling to assess test set adequacy, a challenge is to select code to be included in the assessment. Current mechanisms are coarse-grained; biased to dominant modularizations; require tedious, error-prone manual selection; and leave tester intent implicit in inputs to testing tools. Aspect-oriented constructs promise to improving testing in two ways: by improving our ability to select the code to include in adequacy criteria, and by documenting selection intentions in declarative form in the code itself. One problem is that current join point models do not reveal program behavior in enough detail to support white-box coverage analysis. Our contribution is the formulation, prototyping, and evaluation of a language-and-tool-based approach to white-box coverage adequacy analysis that we call concern coverage. We develop and evaluate one instance of the general idea in which branches, in particular, are exposed as join points to support branch coverage analysis of crosscutting concerns. Our results are consistent with the claim that the idea has the potential to improve test coverage analysis.
THE FASHION‐CONSCIOUS ELDERLY: A VIABLE, BUT NEGLECTED MARKET SEGMENT

For many years the senior citizen market has been eclipsed by the youth market. This has been especially true in the market for apparel. While manufacturers, such as Levi Strauss, have offered fuller‐cut clothing and jeans for the mature consumer, a void still exists in the fashion clothing market for older Americans.
Accurate awareness of heartbeat in hypochondriacal and non-hypochondriacal patients

We measured the accurate awareness of resting heartbeat in a sample of medical out-patients meeting DSM-III-R criteria for hypochondriasis (n = 60), and in a comparison group of non-hypochondriacal patients (n = 60) from the same general medical clinic. Patients also completed subjective self-report ratings of their sensitivity to benign bodily sensation and of functional somatic symptoms. Hypochondriacal patients did not differ significantly from non-hypochondriacal patients in their accurate awareness of heartbeat. They did, however, consider themselves more sensitive to benign bodily sensation and report more functional somatic symptoms. Within each sample, the only statistically significant association found was a negative correlation (r = -0.32, p = 0.025) between heartbeat awareness and the severity of hypochondriacal symptoms among the hypochondriacal patients. These results suggest that hypochondriacs may not be more accurately aware of normal cardiac activity, and therefore that hypochondriacal somatic complaints may not result from an unusually fine discriminative ability to detect normal physiological sensations that non-hypochondriacal individuals do not perceive.
Why the Internet is bad for democracy

The Internet is not simply a set of interconnected links and protocols---it is also a construct of the imagination, an inkblot test into which everyone projects their desires, fears, and fantasies. Some see enlightenment and education. Others see pornography and gambling. Some see sharing and collaboration. Others see spam and viruses. Yet when it comes to the impact on the democratic process, the answer seems unanimous. The Internet is good for democracy. It creates digital citizens active in the teledemocracy [1] of the Electronic Republic [2] in the e-nation [3]. But this bubble, too, needs to be pricked.
Nanoimprinting by Melt Processing: An Easy Technique to Fabricate Versatile Nanostructures

Insights gained from rheological and contact angle measurements of plasticized and non-plasticized polymers have led to the development of a simple method to print densely packed micro- and nanoscale features without proximity effects. Versatile large-area nanopatterns and landscapes with a high degree of fidelity are successfully imprinted. This technique promises a variety of polymer nanostructures to a wide spectrum of scientific fields.
Java RMI performance and object model interoperability: experiments with Java/HPC++

Java RMI provides an elegant and powerful model for invoking member functions on objects that exist in remote address spaces. Unfortunately, it is a Java-to-Java communication model, and in many of the scientific applications we would like Java objects to interact with modules written in C++ or Fortran. This paper explores the design of RMI and extracts a subset of the RMI object model that is compatible with C++ and HPC++ remote object semantics. This RMI subset has been implemented to run over the Nexus runtime system and is being used as part of the LSA distributed linear system analyzer project. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A method for using legacy data for metamodel-based design of large-scale systems

Despite a steady increase in computing power, the complexity of engineering analyses seems to advance at the same rate. Traditional parametric design analysis is inadequate for the analysis of large-scale engineering systems because of its computational inefficiency; therefore, a departure from the traditional parametric design approach is required. In addition, the existence of legacy data for complex, large-scale systems is commonplace. Approximation techniques may be applied to build computationally inexpensive surrogate models for large-scale systems to replace expensive-to-run computer analysis codes or to develop a model for a set of nonuniform legacy data. Response-surface models are frequently utilized to construct surrogate approximations; however, they may be inefficient for systems having with a large number of design variables. Kriging, an alternative method for creating surrogate models, is applied in this work to construct approximations of legacy data for a large-scale system. Comparisons between response surfaces and kriging are made using the legacy data from the High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) approximation challenge. Since the analysis points already exist, a modified design-of-experiments technique is needed to select the appropriate sample points. In this paper, a method to handle this problem is presented, and the results are compared against previous work.
Nonverbal Cognitive Performance in Aphasic and Nonaphasic Brain-Damaged Patients

Summary In this study, the performance of left brain-damaged aphasic patients was compared respectively with that of left and right brain-damaged nonaphasic patients on four nonverbal tests of cognitive function, the Raven's Coloured Matrices, the Shure-Wepman Concept Shift Test, the Grassi Block Design Test and the Elithorn Mazes. Severity and type of aphasia were assessed using the Language Modalities Test for Aphasia. Results show that more severe aphasic patients, i.e., the pragmatic and, in particular, the global patients are impaired in their cognitive performance. Discussion of these findings led to the conclusion that aphasia, itself, is specifically a defect of language and memory for language which may or may not be accompanied by impaired cognitive functioning. Results also indicate that right brain-damaged patients obtained much lower scores on the Elithorn Mazes than testable aphasic patients, thus supporting evidence in the literature that right brain-damaged subjects have a central visual-spatial impairment. In relation to the differential diagnostic value of the tests, the absence of normal data limits the scope of statements that can be made. Nevertheless, it was found that the Elithorn Mazes have by far the highest potential value in differential diagnosis. It can be inferred, from the evidence presented, that this test differentiates right brain-damaged patients from those left brain-damaged patients who understand the instructions. The scores of right brain-damaged patients are markedly inferior to those of the left brain-damaged patients who were able to do this task.
The spatial division of labor and wage and price controls of the Nixon Administration

The early 1970s was a period of economic stagflation and policy innovation. National wage-price controls sought to dampen inflation as circumstances rapidly changed. The resulting regional patterns of income, during and after these controls, were quite distinct and different. An interpretation of these patterns is proposed focusing upon the spatial differentiation of production, and especially the consequent spatial division of labor. Regional-industrial specific variables including employment composition and capital intensity are shown to have been closely correlated with patterns of regional real income.
Hepatoblastoma imaging with gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI—typical, atypical, pre- and post-treatment evaluation

Gadoxetate disodium (Gd-EOB-DTPA) is a hepatobiliary MRI contrast agent widely used in adults for characterization of liver tumors and increasingly used in children. Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary hepatic malignancy of childhood. In this review, we describe our experience with this agent both before and after initiating therapy in children with hepatoblastoma.
Effect of MES [2(N‐morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid] and amberlite IRC‐50 resin on nutrient pH control and soybean growth

Abstract The relative effectiveness of Amberlite IRC‐50 resin, in a recirculating ion exchange column, and several concentrations of MES [2(N‐mor‐pholino)ethanesulfonic acid] were evaluated for control of nutrient solution pH of hydroponically cultured soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv Williams). A low buffering capacity, urea‐based nutrient solution was used. MES buffer, at the concentrations evaluated (1,2, 4, and 10 mM), was less effective at maintaining desired pH than the IRC‐50 resin system. The pH of the 4.0 mM MES buffered nutrient solution decreased from 6.5 to below 4.0 in five days with 25 to 30 day old plants. By comparison, the pH of the IRC‐50 resin buffered nutrient solution dropped from 6.5 to 5.9 during the same period. Nitrate uptake by 27 to 29 day‐old plants was significantly slower when solutions were buffered with MES than with IRC‐50 resin. Rate of nitrate uptake decreased with increasing MES buffer concentrations and decreasing pH in short‐term studies on plants previously grown o...
The enzymes of acetyl-CoA metabolism in differentiating cholinergic (s-20) and noncholinergic (NIE-115) neuroblastoma cells

Dibutyryl cyclic AMP and butyrate inhibited growth of S-20 (cholinergic) and NIE-115 (adrenergic) neuroblastoma clones. Both these drugs resulted in a parallel increase of choline acetyltransferase and ATP-citrate lyase activities in S-20 neuroblastoma cells. On the other hand, the increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity in NIE-115 caused by these drugs was not accompanied by a significant change in ATP-citrate lyase activity. Both dibutyryl cyclic AMP and butyrate caused a decrease in fatty acid synthetase activity in both cell lines. The activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, choline acetyltransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase in both S-20 and NIE-115 cells were not significantly influenced by the drugs. ATP-citrate lyases from S-20 and NIE-115 had similar kinetic and immunological properties, and their subunits had the same molecular weight as the rat liver enzyme. These data indicate that the differential regulation of ATP-citrate lyase activity in cholinergic and adrenergic cells does not result from the existence of different molecular forms of the enzyme in these cell lines. They also provide further evidence to support the hypothesis that ATP-citrate lyase activity increases during maturation of normal cholinergic neurons and decreases in noncholinergic cells of the brain.
Utility of stress myocardial perfusion imaging performed before electrophysiologic testing

Abstract Background Patients considered for electrophysiologic study (EPS) are often first referred for stress myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) to assess for inducible ischemia before testing. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the utility of this approach by examining the relationship between MPS and any interim cardiac catheterization and revascularization, as well as the results and safety of EPS. Methods and results All patients undergoing EPS within 30 days after MPS at our institution between January 1997 and June 2000 were studied. Two hundred fifty-one patients met the inclusion criteria. The incidence of inducible sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia at EPS (IND) was 16%. One hundred twenty-nine patients had MPS ischemia (83 with high-risk features), but only twelve patients in all underwent revascularization between MPS and EPS. There were no ischemic complications during EPS. The presence of isolated ischemia on MPS was associated with a low rate of IND, not different from normal MPS findings (2%-3%). The combination of infarct and ischemia on MPS was associated with a high rate of IND that was similar to infarct alone (34% and 50%, respectively; P = .28). Conclusions Patients with high-risk MPS results are more likely to undergo revascularization before EPS than patients with low-risk or normal MPS results. However, most patients with high-risk MPS results undergo EPS without interim revascularization, and no patient had an ischemia-related complication at EPS. Larger studies will be required to confirm this observation. MPS infarct, not ischemia, is associated with IND at EPS.
Effect of hypoxia on proximal tubules isolated from nitric oxide synthase knockout mice

Effect of hypoxia on proximal tubules isolated from nitric oxide synthase knockout mice. Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to be a mediator of hypoxic injury in rat renal proximal tubules (PT). However, the role of NO in hypoxic injury to mouse PT has not been examined. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of knockout of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms on hypoxic injury in mouse PT. Mouse PTs were isolated by collagenase digestion and Percoll centrifugation. The nonselective NOS inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10 mM), but not its inactive stereoisomer D-NAME, protected against hypoxic injury as assessed by LDH release. Carboxy-imidazolineoxyl N-oxide (carboxy-PTIO, 100 μM), a stable NO scavenger, also afforded cytoprotection against hypoxic injury. To determine the role of the different NOS isoforms in the hypoxic injury, we examined the effect of hypoxia on PT isolated from knockout mice in which either the inducible NOS (iNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS) or neuronal NOS (nNOS) gene was lacking. PT isolated from iNOS knockout mice were resistant to hypoxic injury compared to wild-type controls. In contrast, PT isolated from both nNOS and eNOS knockout mice were not protected against hypoxic injury. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that NO is a mediator of hypoxic PT injury in the mouse and that knockout of the iNOS gene is cytoprotective against this hypoxic PT injury.
Abortion following the immigration of an adult male baboon (Papio cynocephalus)

Three abortions and the death of a vigorous infant occurred in a baboon (Papio cynocephalus) group in Amboseli National Park, Kenya, within the two weeks following the immigration of an aggressive adult male. The immigrant male attained top-ranking dominance status in the group prior to these events. Circumstantial observations suggest that the reproductive losses were related to persistent intense aggression from the immigrant adult male. In the past ten years, only three other miscarriages have occurred in Amboseli. Inducement of abortion is discussed as a reproductive tactic that may be available to males of mammalian species whose life histories favor the evolution of infant-killing by males.
Mechanisms Underlying Hardness Numbers

Relationships of indentation hardness numbers to to other physical properties are demonstrated. They differ depending on the type of chemical bonding; metals, alloys ionic, covalent, and metal-metalloid. The properties are: shear modulus; ionic charge; band-gap density; polarizability; and formation energy, respectively. In each case the rationale is provided. The concept of a “bonding Modulus” is introduced. It is concluded that the conventional wisdom that hardness is a purely empirical property does not hold. Phase transformations and indentation hardness are connected broadly.
Calculations related to the application of silicon detectors in pion radiobiology

Abstract Calculations have been made of the pulse-height spectrum and energy deposition in silicon detectors of various thicknesses (10, 50, 300, 1000, and 3000 μm) placed in a large region of π − - mesons stopping in tissue. The contribution of π − captures within the detectors is determined, and the energy deposition in the detector is compared to the actual energy deposition in the tissue with the detector removed. A method for inferring the energy deposition in the tissue by various types of particles from the pulse-height spectra of the thin detectors is discussed and evaluated.
Atmospheric deposition of organochlorine contaminants to Galveston Bay, Texas

Abstract Atmospheric monitoring of PCBs and chlorinated pesticides (e.g., HCHs, chlordanes, and DDTs) in Galveston Bay was conducted at Seabrook, Texas. Air and wet deposition samples were collected from 2 February 1995 and continued through 6 August 1996. Vapor total PCB ( t PCB) concentrations in air ranged from 0.21 to 4.78 ng m −3 with a dominance of tri-chlorinated PCBs. Dissolved t PCBs in rain ranged from 0.08 to 3.34 ng l −1 , with tetra-chlorinated PCBs predominating. The predominant isomers found in air and rain were α - and γ -HCH, α - and γ -chlordanes, 4,4′-DDT, and dieldrin. The concentrations of PCBs and pesticides in the air and rain revealed no clear seasonal trend. Elevated levels of PCBs in the air occurred when temperatures were high and wind came from urban and industrialized areas (S, SW, NW, and W of the site). Concentrations of HCHs were elevated in April, May, and October, perhaps due to local and/or regional applications of γ -HCH (lindane). Other pesticides showed no notable temporal variation. When winds originated from the Gulf of Mexico (southeasterly), lower concentrations of organochlorines were detected in the air. The direct deposition rate (wet+dry) of PCBs to Galveston Bay (6.40 μg m −2 yr −1 ) was significantly higher than that of pesticides by a factor of 5–10. The net flux from gas exchange estimated for PCBs was from Galveston Bay water to the atmosphere (78 μg m −2 yr −1 ). Gas exchange of PCBs from bay water to the atmosphere was the dominant flux.
Rapid Maxillary Expansion Results Primarily in Dental, not Skeletal, Changes

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Meta-Analysis of Immediate Changes with Rapid Maxillary Expansion Treatment Lagravere MO, Heo G, et al. J Am Dent Assoc 2006;137(1):44-53 Level of Evidence 2a Purpose/Question To assess the immediate posttreatment skeletal and dental changes induced by rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in the transverse, aneteroposterior, and vertical dimensions. Source of Funding Information not available Type of Study/Design Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
On Fear and Loathing in the Fragile Masculine Self

In this paper, we propose that the fragile masculine self consists of at least two strands of intersecting, intertwined, commingling psychological dynamics: fear and self-loathing. While literature about the fragile masculine self has focused primarily on the fear dynamic, no attention has been given to what we present here as the twin dynamic of self-loathing. Self-loathing is defined, two case examples illustrating the presence of self-loathing (and fear) in the fragile masculine self are presented, and analyses of each case are provided. It is our contention that, if the fragile masculine self is to be most fully understood, studied, and treated, the twin dynamics of fear and self-loathing must both be considered and addressed.
A computer-based data acquisition system for breathing and exercise entrainment studies.

An interactive, real-time, computer-based data acquisition system was designed to obtain data for breathing and exercise entrainment studies. By timing the steps of subjects walking on a treadmill relative to different points in the respiratory cycle (e.g. the beginning and end of inspiration), the relation between gait and ventilation can be followed on a breath-by-breath basis. Accurate establishment of the beginning and end of respiratory events from a pneumotachygraph signal was assured by using tidal volume thresholds for (1) noise, (2) minimum valid volume and (3) minimum duration.
Simultaneous Surface Resolution in Cyclic Galois Extensions

We show that simultaneous surface resolution is not always possible in a cyclic extension whose degree is greater than three and is not divisible by the characteristic. This answers a recent question of Ted Chinburg.
Genetic analysis of male and female fertility using longitudinal binary data

A longitudinal Bayesian threshold analysis of insemination events during the first 250 d after calving of first-parity Holsteins was carried out. The outcome of an insemination event was treated as a binary response of either a success (1) or a failure (0). Thus, all breeding information for a cow, including all service sires, was included, thereby allowing for a joint evaluation of male and female fertility. An edited data set of 297,823 insemination records from 151,758 first lactation cows was used. On the liability scale, the model included the systematic effects of herd-year of insemination, technician, month of insemination, and regressions on age of service sire, 3 test days in the first 100 d of lactation (early milk yield), and days in milk at insemination. The random effects in the model were the additive breeding value, the permanent effect of the cow, and the service sire effect. Posterior mean (standard deviation) of the dispersion parameters in the model were 0.034 (0.006), 0.009 (0.001), and 0.171 (0.013) for the additive, service sire, and permanent environmental variances, respectively. The residual variance was fixed at 1, as a result of the nonidentifiability of the threshold model. The posterior mean (standard deviation) of heritability was 0.028 (0.005). This point estimate of heritability is well within the range of available estimates for the trait. Thus, these estimates suggest that some genetic variation exists that can potentially be used to improve reproductive performance or at least avoid its further deterioration. The estimate of the regression coefficient on age of service sire was 0.001, indicating better fertility among older bulls. However, this result has to be interpreted with caution given the preferential use of proven bulls on well-managed cows (as opposed to problem breeders). The estimate of the regression coefficient was negative (-0.005) for early milk yield, as expected, and positive (0.003) for days in milk at insemination. This suggests that high-producing cows are less likely to conceive at the beginning of lactation.
Connecting quantum dots and bionanoparticles in hybrid nanoscale ultra-thin films

Ligand-functionalized CdSe quantum dots and nanorods, and horse spleen ferritin bionanoparticles, were co-assembled at an oil-water interface, then used in polymerization at the interface, effectively cross-linking the assembled mixtures of nanoparticles into robust structures. Both ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), and imine formation, proved suitable for preparation of the desired ultra-thin films in the form of capsules and sheets. The nanoparticle-based films prepared by ROMP exhibit chemical stability, while those prepared by aldehyde-amine coupling could be disrupted by addition of acid. Characterization of these hybrid nanoparticle-based materials, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fluorescence confocal microscopy, confirmed the presence of both synthetic and naturally derived nanoparticles in the hybrid materials.
The Monodromy of Reducible Plane Curves

Let f : C "+1~ C be a polynomial function such that f ( 0 ) = 0 and f has an isolated singularity at 0. The local geometry of f 1 (0) near 0 is completely described by the algebraic link L 2"-1 of the singularity, where L 2" l = f l ( 0 ) n S 2"+1 is a smooth (n-2)-connected submanifold of the small E-sphere S 2"+i about the origin [13]. Moreover, the link complement X = S 2 " + I L fibers over S 1 with fiber F2"~_S"v ... v S". Let X denote the infinite cyclic covering space of X associated with the epimorphism H 1 ( X ) ~ HI(S 1) induced by the fibration. The action of the multiplicative generator t of 171(S 1) on H,(F;Z) is called the local algebraic monodromy transformation of f at O. Since )( ~ F x R, t can be viewed as the generator of the infinite cyclic covering translation group, and the algebraic monodromy is an automorphism t: H,( ) ) ; Z ) ~ Hn0); Z). The polynomial invariants of H, (X; Z) as a A = Z [t, t 1] module are therefore invariants of the monodromy. For example, the Alexander polynomial A t (t) is the characteristic polynomial of the monodromy. We are interested in the following problem: Given ) , determine whether the algebraic monodromy is of finite or infinite order. The problem is most amenable to solution in the case n= 1, because the geometry is completely understood [3,9, 15]. In the classical case (n=l) , f l ( 0 ) is called a plane curve, and the algebraic link L 1 has r components, one corresponding to each of the branches of f 1(0) at the origin. Each branch corresponds to a distinct analytically irreducible factor of f which maps 0 to 0. Each component of L is an iterated torus knot, and both the iteration on each component and the linking among the various components is completely specified by the Puiseux developments [1, i0] corresponding to the branches. In the case that f is analytically irreducible (r = 1), f always has finite monodromy [10, 1, 19]. If r>2 , the monodromy can be infinite [1, 20]. This paper
Abstract LB-251: p27Kip1 suppression of colitis-associated colon cancer mediated through cell intrinsic function in both mucosal epithelia and mucosal T cells

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 is a negative regulator of the cell cycle. Reduced expression of p27Kip1 has prognostic significance in several human epithelial cancers. Loss of p27Kip1 expression in cancer cells correlates with tumor aggressiveness, depth of tumor cell invasion and with lack of tumor cell differentiation. However, p27Kip1 also promotes apoptosis and contraction of effector CD4+ T cells, suggesting the potential that suppression of epithelial tumorigenesis may be linked to an intrinsic function of p27Kip1 in T cells. Here we show both mRNA and protein expression of p27Kip1 are significantly decreased in a murine model wherein a T cell-restricted deletion of the gene encoding the TGF-β intermediate, Smad4 (Smad4TKO), results in spontaneous colitis that invariably progresses to colon cancer by the age of 8 months. This phenotype is associated with a consistent decline in the mucosal expression of p27Kip1. To further investigate the role of p27Kip1 in the maintenance of intestinal mucosal homeostasis, we generated a ‘double knockout’ (Smad4TKO / p27Kip1-/- or ‘DKO’) mouse model in which a germ line p27Kip1 gene deletion (p27Kip1-/-) is combined with the T cell-restricted deletion of the Smad4 gene (Smad4TKO). All DKO mice develop spontaneous gastrointestinal inflammation and colon carcinoma by 1-2 months and 3 months of age, respectively. The p27Kip1 gene deletion, when combined with the T cell-restricted deletion of the Smad4 gene, leads to progressive inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, IFN-γ, iNOS, IL-6, IL-1β), activation of Stat1 and Stat3 and suppression of the expression of the tumor suppressor, 15-PGDH. Collectively our data suggest that p27Kip1 deficiency promotes gastrointestinal epithelial malignancy through both enhancement of proliferation of mucosal epithelial cells and through expansion of mucosal effector memory T cells. Citation Format: Sung Hee Choi, Byung-Gyu Kim, Letterio J. John. p27Kip1 suppression of colitis-associated colon cancer mediated through cell intrinsic function in both mucosal epithelia and mucosal T cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-251. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-251
Timeline analysis of undercover activities VAST 2009 traffic mini challenge award: Good analytical technique

Our visualization tool for the VAST 2009 traffic mini challenge, Timeliner, visualizes badge and network traffic data together in a single timeline. The two views of per-employee and per-day with various filtering interactions enable users to analyze easily employees activities at a particular moment of interest as well as their general daily patterns. Using Timeliner, we present several hypotheses for the task at hand and their validation processes, which reveals various aspects of the data.
Development of the Enhanced Neural Response to NaCl in Fischer 344 Rats

Abstract SCHAFE, G. E. AND I. L. BERNSTEIN. Development of the enhanced neural response to NaCl in Fischer 344 rats. PHYSIOL BEHAV 61(5) 775–778, 1997.—To examine the development of strain differences in the response of the chorda tympani nerve (CT) to NaCl, integrated CT responses to NaCl were recorded from Wistar and F344 rats between 15 and 36 days old. NaCl responses before and after the application of amiloride were expressed relative to 0.5 M NH4Cl as a standard. At 15–17 days old, there were no significant strain differences in the magnitude of NaCl responses. Strain differences emerged at 21–23 days old with responses of F344 rats significantly higher than those of Wistars; these differences became more pronounced at 34–36 days old. Amiloride significantly reduced responses to NaCl at all ages and eliminated any differences between the strains. Changes in neural responsiveness correspond with the emergence of the behavioral expression of F344 salt aversion.
ASIS effects of nonpolar and polar metal complexes in C6F6 and C6H6

Abstract ASIS effects of polar metal complexes of the type (OC) 5 Cr I , cis -(OC) 4 Mo( I ) 2 , (OC) 5 Mo I and (OC) 4 Fe III ; of nonpolar trans complexes of the type (OC) 4 M( I ) 2 (M = Cr, MO, W), (OC) 3 Fe( I ) 2 , (OC) 3 Fe( III ) 2 and (OC) 4 Cr( III ) 2 ; and of the tetrahedral non-polar complex Ni( II ) 4 (where I = P(NMeCH 2 ) 3 CMe, II = P(OCH 2 ) 3 CEt and III = P(OMe) 6 were observed in C 6 H 6 and C 6 F 6 . The ASIS effects in C 6 H 6 and C 6 F 6 of the NCH 3 protons which are at the negative end of the dipole in I are opposite to those observed in the (OC) 5 M I complexes and the cis compound but are the same as those for the trans complexes in C 6 H 6 . This result is felt to reflect augmentation of the dipole of I on complexing in the former metal compounds but repulsion of oppositely oriented dipoles in the latter. The ASIS effects at the protons in the waist of the ligand dipoles (NCH 2 in I and OCH 2 in II ) are also consistent with ligand dipole enhancement upon complexing which attenuates in the trans compounds. The same is true of the CCH 3 protons in I and the OCH 3 hydrogens in III which are at the positive end of the ligand dipole. It is concluded that strong ASIS effects can be induced by local dipolar regions in the absence of a net solute dipole.