cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bilateral pericruciate cortical innervation of the red nucleus in cats with adult or neonatal cerebral hemispherectomy.

Abstract We studied remodeling of the remaining corticorubral projections in adult cats sustaining a left cerebral hemispherectomy in adulthood or neonatally using cortical injections of [3H]leucine-proline. Injection sites and terminal fields were reconstructed from autoradiography-processed tissue. In all cats, the label filled similar extents of areas 4γ and 3a of the right frontal cortex. We used sections at 8 coronal planes throughout the red nucleus (RN) for computer-assisted analysis of visually estimated density and topography of distribution of terminal label, and for calculation of RN cross-sectional area. Additionally, at 3 coronal planes we further quantified terminal label using computerized procedures (number of particles for surface area). In all lesioned cats we found terminal label in the RN contralateral to the injection site with a topographic distribution similar to that of the RN ipsilateral to the injection in normal or lesioned cats and in absence of any significant shrinkage of the nucleus. The difference between the 2 age-at-lesion groups was that in the cats with neonatal ablation the density of contralateral terminal label was about double that seen in adult-lesioned subjects. However, the amount of contralateral labeling in adult-lesioned cats was substantial and represented a significant increase over the minimal labeling seen in normal cats. There were no differences between groups in labeling or size of the RN ipsilateral to the injection site. For reasons discussed, we interpret the label on the side of the hemispherectomy as representative of reinnervation of the cortically deafferented RN by crossing collaterals of fibers arising in the remaining motor cortex and not as lesion-sustained persistent prenatal connections.
Reconstruction of Band-Limited Functions from Values on Real Sequences with an Accumulation Point

A scheme is presented to recover a band-limited functionfof finite energy from its sampling values on real sequences with an accumulation point. The result given in this paper can also be viewed as an approach to the extrapolation problem of determinating a band-limited function in terms of its given values on a finite interval. An error estimate is also obtained.
A polarimeter for use in general purpose scattering chambers

Abstract A relatively simple double scattering apparatus designed to operate within a general purpose 30-inch scattering chamber is described. The system can be used to make polarization measurements over a wide range of energies and ion species. System details, method of measurements and initial operating results are discussed.
A non-overlapping and non-conformal domain decomposition method with second order transmission condition for modelling large finite antenna arrays

A non-overlapping and non-conformal domain decomposition method (DDM) is presented for modelling large finite antenna arrays. There are two major ingredients in the proposed DDM: (a) A new second-order transmission condition is introduced, which improves convergence of the iterative process. In contrast to previous high order interface conditions, the new condition uses two second-order transverse derivatives to address the slow convergence issue of both TE and TM evanescent modes. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the convergence of the proposed algorithm is quite insensitive to the size of array. (b) The proposed non-conformal DDM not only permits the use of completely independent discretization for each of the sub-domains, but also allows adjacent sub-domains to be geometrically non-conformal. The benefits of the non-conformal nature of the proposed DDM will be fully enjoyed by a large-scale problem of practical interest, which is a 50 by 50 ultra wide band (UWB) array in the presence of a slot frequency selective surface (FSS). Numerical results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
RECENT RESEARCH ON MIGRATION AND MOBILITY: A REVIEW AND INTERPRETATION

This review of recent research in the general areas of migration and residential mobility grew out of seminars presented at the Free University during the winter term of 1981. The emphasis is on recent conceptual rather than descriptive analyses of migration (interregional and intraurban); the review is somewhat more detailed on intraurban migration (residential mobility). An extensive bibliography is appended. (TRRL)
Urinary Excretion of Radioimmunoassayable Luteinizing Hormone (LH) in Normal Male Children and Adults, According to Age and Stage of Sexual Development

ABSTRACT Utilizing a radioimmunoassay for LH and acetone precipitates of urine, the 24-hr LH excretion in 91 normal male children and adolescents and 10 normal adults has been correlated with age, stage of sexual development (Tanner), serum LH and FSH concentrations and urinary FSH and 17-KS excretion. Immunologically reactive LH was measured in all urines and progressively increased with age from a mean of 2.3±0.8 IU/24 hr (2nd IRP-HMG) for the 5–8 yr age group to 38.3±13.3 IU for the 17–18 yr age group, and a mean of 31.3±10.3 for adults. Urinary LH increased progressively with the 5 stages of sexual development. A significant correlation existed between urinary and serum LH concentration and 17-KS excretion. In conclusion, 1) LH is excreted in the preadolescent, 2) urinary LH correlates with both the stage of sexual development and the excretion of androgen metabolites, 3) mean LH excretion increased approximately 13 times from childhood to adulthood, whereas FSH excretion increased only 2–3 times, and...
Nafion-HR catalyzed baeyer-villiger oxidation and ritter reaction[1]☆

Abstract Nafion-H, a perfluorinated resinsulfonic acid, is shown to be an effective catalyst for the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of ketones to lactones in the presence of either 30% H 2 O 2 or meta-chloroperbenzoic acid, as well as for the Ritter reaction of alcohols in the presence of nitriles to give the corresponding amido compounds.
Free vs unhibited recall

This study compared five multitrial free recalls of 20 minimally related words using two instruction conditions: Conditions, standard free recall instructions; Condition U, uninhibited recall instructions in which S s were told to emit all words occurring to them during recall. Errors were more prevalent for Condition U and were predominately item repetitions. Although level of correct recall was similar for the two conditions on the first trial, Condition U had significantly higher recall than Condition S on the last test trial. This recall superiority was attributable to less in ter trial forgetting under Condition U and was independent of the amount of error production.
Synthesis of Zinc Oxalate Coordination Polymers via Unprecedented Oxidative Coupling of Methanol to Oxalic Acid

The zinc oxalate coordination polymers Zn(ox)(Py)2 (1) and [methylpyridinium]2[Zn2(ox)3] (2) have been synthesized via unexpected oxidation of ethanol and oxidative coupling of methanol under hydro(solvo)thermal conditions. 1 adopts a 1D zigzag chain structure in which the Zn centers are linked by exo-tetradentate oxalate groups, while 2 exhibits an interesting layered architecture with 12-membered honeycomblike openings (composed of 6 Zn atoms and 6 oxalates).
Ultrafast acousto-plasmonic control and sensing in complex nanostructures

Coherent acoustic phonons modulate optical, electronic and mechanical properties at ultrahigh frequencies and can be exploited for applications such as ultratrace chemical detection, ultrafast lasers and transducers. Owing to their large absorption cross-sections and high sensitivities, nanoplasmonic resonators are used to generate coherent phonons up to terahertz frequencies. Generating, detecting and controlling such ultrahigh frequency phonons has been a topic of intense research. Here we report that by designing plasmonic nanostructures exhibiting multimodal phonon interference, we can detect the spatial properties of complex phonon modes below the optical wavelength through the interplay between plasmons and phonons. This allows detection of complex nanomechanical dynamics by polarization-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. Moreover, we demonstrate that the multiple vibrational states in nanostructures can be tailored by manipulating the geometry and dynamically selected by acousto-plasmonic coherent control. This allows enhancement, detection and coherent generation of tunable strains using surface plasmons.
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in a patient with cystic fibrosis: diagnostic criteria when the IgE level is less than 500 IU/mL.

Background Recently, the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation developed a consensus report recommending diagnostic criteria for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in patients with cystic fibrosis that includes a serum IgE level greater than 500 IU/mL as the "minimal diagnostic criterion." Objective To describe a 7-year-old girl with ABPA whose serum IgE level increased to only 398 IU/mL. Methods Total IgE and anti- Aspergillus serologic measurements were performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and standard laboratory techniques; HLA analysis was performed; interleukin 4 receptor α single nucleotide polymorphisms were performed using polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing; CD23 + B cells were measured using flow cytometry; and cytokine synthesis to Aspergillus purified antigens was assessed using flow cytometry. Results A 7-year-old girl with cystic fibrosis who had mild pulmonary disease and well-controlled asthma developed pulmonary infiltrates, increased wheezing, and decreased pulmonary function. Additional studies demonstrated peripheral blood eosinophilia (eosinophil count, 1,807 cells/mm 3 [19%]) and an increase in IgE and IgG anti- Aspergillus serology; bronchoalveolar lavage revealed septate hyphae with 45° branching subsequently identified as A fumigatus and pulmonary eosinophilia. Previous HLA typing revealed that the patient was HLA-DR2+, DRB*1501, HLA-DQ2−, a pattern associated with increased risk of ABPA. In addition, there was increased up-regulation of CD23 molecules by interleukin 4 stimulation on the patient's B cells, as observed in ABPA. The patient was treated with corticosteroids and itraconazole with resolution of symptoms and pulmonary infiltrates. Conclusions Examination of the pulmonary inflammatory response using bronchoalveolar lavage, genetic risk with HLA-DR2+DQ2– typing, and increased interleukin 4 sensitivity are useful adjunctive studies in the diagnosis of ABPA.
Caregiving in rural African American families for older adult stroke survivors.

Stroke disproportionately affects African Americans, but stroke caregiving research on this group is missing from the literature. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to examine rural African American family caregiving for older adult stroke survivors. Eight African American families participated in the study. The sample included 8 stroke survivors, 8 primary caregivers, and 18 secondary caregivers. Data were generated through interactive interviews and focused observations that took place in care-givers' or stroke survivors' homes. A multistep data analysis technique incorporating the constant comparative method was used to uncover the basic social psychological problem of transitions and a four-stage basic social process of striking a balance. The families coped with the transitions of stroke care-giving by using strategies termed here deciding to care, dividing care, protective care, and coming to terms. The substantive theory of caregiving provides nurses with a framework to help rural African American families care for their older relatives who have experienced stroke.
Tissue fixation by suction increases the accuracy of robotic needle insertion

Needles provide percutaneous access to tissues deep within the body in order to deliver therapy or acquire biological samples for diagnostic purposes. The effectiveness of needle-based access often requires very accurate targeting of the needle tip within tissue. We designed a device that uses suction to fixate tissue during robotic needle insertion and measured its ability to improve targeting accuracy and decrease tissue deformation in artificial and ex vivo tissue. The deformation of the tissue was tracked in ultrasound images to evaluate the device's performance. The device was particularly effective at fixating ex vivo tissue with an attached skin layer and decreased tissue deformation by up to 96%. When accessing an embedded target within tissue, suction fixation reduced the targeting error by over 1 mm in chicken breast without a membrane and over 2 mm in chicken breast with an attached skin. Suction fixation could be used to improve the accuracy of robotic needle insertion through the skin and into internal organs with capsules.
Development of angiotensin-induced drinking in the rat.

Abstract The suckling rat responds from birth to intraventricular angiotensin, and the drinking behavior elicited by the hormone achieves adult characteristics of reliability and sensitivity at 4–5 days of age. Additional testing of 5-day-old rats injected with a range of doses showed that the threshold dose lies between 0.1–1.0 ng, which is comparable to the adult sensitivity to intraventricular injections. The hormone also increases milk intake in neonates, but the animals choose water over milk as early as 17 days.
Isolation and 16S DNA characterization of soil microorganisms from tropical soils capable of utilizing the herbicides hexazinone and tebuthiuron.

Six non‐fermentative bacteria were isolated from Colombian (South America) and Hawaiian (USA) soils after enrichment with minimal medium supplemented with two herbicides, hexazinone (Hex) and tebuthiuron (Teb). Microscopic examination and physiological tests were followed by partial 16S DNA sequence analysis, using the first 527 bp of the 16S rRNA gene for bacterial identification. The isolated microorganisms (and in brackets, the herbicide that each degraded) were identified as: from Colombia, Methylobacterium organophilum [Teb], Paenibacillus pabuli [Teb], and Microbacterium foliorum [Hex]; and from Hawaii, Methylobacterium radiotolerans [Teb], Paenibacillus illinoisensis [Hex], and Rhodococcus equi [Hex]. The findings further explain how these herbicides, which have potential for illicit coca (Erythroxylum sp.) control, dissipate following their application to tropical soils.
A hyperspectral anomaly detector based on partitioning pixel into adjacent components

Detection of anomalous objects in a large scene is an important application of hyperspectral imaging in remote sensing. Current algorithms for anomaly detection are based on partialling out the main background structure from each spectral component of a pixel from a hyperspectral image. The Maximized Subspace Model (MSM) detector has the best probability of detection in comparison with the other anomaly detectors that are based on this model. This paper proposes an anomaly detection algorithm that is based on a more general model than the MSM detector. The anomaly detector is also defined as the Mahalanobis distance of the resulting residual. Experimental results show that the anomaly detector has a substantial improvement in detection over the conventional anomaly detectors.
Wavelet-based multiresolution stochastic image models

In this paper, we describe a wavelet-based approach to multiresolution stochastic image modeling. The basic idea here is that a complex random field, e.g., one with long range and nonlinear spatial correlations, can be decomposed into several less complex random fields. This is done by defining a random field in each resolution level of a wavelet expansion. Texture synthesis experiments, performed by using wavelet autoregressive and radial basis function (RBF) models, have produced promising results. Both models are relatively simple in each resolution and are better than single resolution models in capturing long range correlations. In texture synthesis experiments, the RBF models, especially the non-causal model, provide good visual resemblance to the original for relatively complex textures.
Polyorchidism with normalspermatogenesis

Abstract A case of polyorchidism with normal spermatogenesis is reported; embryology and possible mechanisms of development are discussed.
Quasi-One-Dimensional Doping Superlattices

A new class of superlattices consisting of alternate layers of quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) conducting polymers is theoretically considered. Although both compositional and doping superlattices are possible, only the doping superlattices are considered in detail. In particular, expressions for the two-dimensional density of electrons and holes in a solitonic as well as a polaronic doping superlattice are obtained. Next, these quantities are used to discuss the optical absorption coefficient, a(w), and the photoconductive response of these Q1D superlattices. Due to the presence of nonlinear excitations such as solitons and polarons in doped conducting polymers, the optical absorption arises not only from the usual interband transition but also from the transitions involving localized levels in the Peierls energy gap. The absorption coefficient is a tunable quantity for the Q1D superlattices since the effective band gap can be tailored to suit the radiation wavelength of interest. In addition, for a certain range of doping levels these superlattices exhibit a new kind of solitonic and polaronic "semimetallic" behavior. Finally, certain means of experimentally measuring a(w) for photon energies smaller than the Peierls gap are described and novel features including the device applications of Q1D superlattices and related modulated structures are discussed.
Implementation of Estimating Function-Based Inference Procedures With Markov Chain Monte Carlo Samplers

Under a semiparametric or nonparametric setting, inferences about the unknown parameter are often made based on a nonsmooth estimating function. Resampling methods are quite handy for obtaining good approximations to the distribution of the consistent estimator when the estimating equation and its resampled counterparts are not difficult to solve numerically. In this article we propose a simple, flexible procedure that provides such approximations through the standard Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler without solving any equations. More generally, the procedure may locate all possible roots of the estimating equation and provides an approximation to the distribution of each root. We illustrate our proposed procedure extensively with three examples and evaluate its performance comprehensively through a simulation study.
Analysis of neuropeptides using capillary zone electrophoresis with multichannel fluorescence detection

Capillary zone electrophoresis is fast becoming one of the most sensitive separation schemes for sampling complex microenvironments. A unique detection scheme is developed in which a charge-coupled device (CCD) detects laser induced fluorescence from an axially illuminated electrophoresis capillary. The fluorescence from an analyte band is measured over a several centimeter section of the capillary, greatly increasing the observation time of the fluorescently tagged band. The sensitivity of the system is in the 1-8 X 10-20 mol range for derivatized amino acids and peptides. Subattomole quantities of bag cell neuropeptides collected from the giant marine mollusk Aplysia californica can be measured.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The speed of action of so-called “slow epinephrine” (in oil)

Abstract 1.1. Evidence is presented to indicate that epinephrine in oil is not slow in its action. 2.2. The time between its administration and its pharmacologic effect compares favorably with that for equivalent doses of the aqueous preparation. 3.3. Contrary to general belief, small doses of epinephrine in oil frequently are effective.
Purification and characterization of collagenase activator protein synthesized by articular cartilage.

Abstract We have isolated an activator of collagenase from medium conditioned with articular cartilage. The activity is contained in an acidic protein appearing as a doublet band of M r 57,000 and 56,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. Both components of the doublet have identical isoelectric points as demonstrated by gel electrophoresis. Purified synovial collagenase has a high dependence on the presence of this factor for activity. Other known activators of latent proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin and mercurials will stimulate collagenase but only if activator protein is present. The activator protein is itself a latent metalloprotease because in the presence of p -aminophenyl-mercuric acetate and calcium it will digest casein. The caseinase activity and collagenase activation activity have identical heat inactivation profiles, both being stable to a temperature of 60 °C and partially inactivated at 80 °C. The synthesis of the activator is localized in the superficial zone of articular cartilage.
Management of Arterial Injury Secondary to Attempted Subclavian Vein Catheterization

Abstract Arterial laceration during attempted subclavian vein catheterization has been reported in the past as a lethal complication of this commonly used technique. A case is presented in which a successful outcome followed trans-thoracic repair of the injured subclavian artery. It is urged that immediate operative repair be the treatment of choice in any subclavian artery injury which results in production of a hemothorax.
Police Deception Tactics and Public Consent in the United States and Great Britain

Various deception tactics have become commonplace in police work, such as "sting operations" for snaring burglars, alluding to non-existent witnesses during interrogations, and "abscam" type operat...
N* resonance parameters and K-matrix fits to the reactions πN→Δπ+ϱN+ɛN

Abstract From a partial wave analysis of the reaction πN→ππN we extract 50 cuoplings and partial widths for N * resonance decaying into Δπ, ϱN and eN. Three different methods of determining the resonance parameters are compared. The signs of the πΔ couplings are found to be consistent with the predictions of l-broken SU(6) w , if one assigns P′ 11 (1415), P″ 11 (1730) and P 33 (1700) to [56, L=0 + ] supermultiplets. The signs of the ϱN couplings are inconsistent with SU(6) w symmetry in its l-broken form, but in good agreement with the observed photon couplings.
Benthos and Macroinvertebrate Drift in Six Streams Differing in Alkalinity

The productive capacity of aquatic systems often is equated with the ‘chemical richness’ of the water. A primary objective of the present study was to relate macroinvertebrate benthos and drift to a streams' productive capacity as indicated by absolute levels of alkalinity. We tested this relationship in six 2nd–3rd order tributaries of the Salmon River, Idaho that ranged in alkalinity from 50 to 360 mg 1−1. Benthic density and biomass, drift biomass, and benthic organic matter increased with increasing levels of alkalinity, although not all relationships were significant. The proportion of drift biomass to benthic biomass was similar among study streams suggesting that drift was primarily passive during the study period. The data suggest that spatial variations in landscape-scale geology may indirectly affect spatial patterns of macroinvertebrate benthic and drift standing crops among streams within a single river basin by mediating lotic chemical richness as found among tributaries of the Salmon River basin.
Hyperthermia increases gamma-ray and fission neutron-induced translocations in Drosophila

Hyperthermia has been reported in Drosophila melanogaster to increase radiation-induced chromosome rearrangements, chromosome loss, recessive and dominant lethals. To determine whether hyperthermia would also affect high linear energy transfer (LET)-induced genetic damage such as translocations, which involve breakage and reunion of chromosomes, a genetic system was employed not only allowing detection of ordinary 2;3 translocations, but also permitting a more accurate measure of Y-autosome translocations.
The ability to achieve meiotic maturation in the dog oocyte is linked to glycolysis and glutamine oxidation.

We tested the hypothesis that meiotic competence of dog oocytes was tightly linked with donor follicle size and energy metabolism. Oocytes were recovered from small ( 0.05). Glycolytic rate increased (P < 0.05) as oocytes progressed from the germinal vesicle (GV) to MII stage. At 48 h of culture, oocytes completing nuclear maturation had higher (P < 0.05) glycolytic rate than those arrested at earlier stages. GV oocytes recovered from large follicle oocytes had higher (P < 0.05) metabolism than those from smaller counterparts at culture onset. MII oocytes from large follicles oxidized more (P < 0.05) glutamine than the same stage gametes recovered from smaller counterparts. In summary, larger size dog follicles contain a more metabolically-active oocyte with a greater chance of achieving nuclear maturation in vitro. These findings demonstrate a significant role of energy metabolism in promoting dog oocyte maturation, information that will be useful for improving culture systems for rescuing intraovarian genetic material.
Transtemporal management of temporal bone encephaloceles and CSF leaks: review of 56 consecutive patients.

Conclusions: This report details our experience in the management of 56 consecutive patients with mastoid encephaloceles and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. The majority were managed through the t...
A note on extension of the eigenvalue concept

Two parametrized linear periodic systems, intended for use in advanced senior and graduate control courses, are presented. They are used to demonstrate the issues arising in attempting to extend the eigenvalue concept for linear time-invariant systems to linear time-varying systems. >
Genetic homogeneity in Juglans nigra (Juglandaceae) at nuclear microsatellites

Broad-scale studies of genetic structure and diversity are indicative of the recent evolutionary history of a species and are relevant to conservation efforts. We have estimated current levels of genetic diversity and population structure for black walnut (Juglans nigra L.), a highly valuable timber species, in the central hardwood region of the United States. Black walnut trees from 43 populations across this region were genotyped at 12 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci. Genetic diversity was high and populations only slightly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg proportions (FIS= 0.017). Considering the scale of our sampling, the species was remarkably genetically homogenous: FST was quite low (0.017), and in a Bayesian analysis the optimal higher-order partition was into a single group comprised of all 43 populations. Although black walnut is predominantly a bottomland species, very little genetic variance was partitioned among broad-scale hydrologic regions (FPT= 0.002). However, a weak, but statistically significant pattern of isolation by distance was detected. The results are consistent with a scenario in which black walnut recolonized its current range from a single glacial refugium, and where subsequent genetic effects associated with deforestation and habitat fragmentation have been mitigated by high levels of pollen flow. Nuclear microsatellites alone may be insufficient to identify hotspots for black walnut conservation.
Convex geometry and nonlinear approximation

A variety of properties for neural approximation follow from considerations of convexity. For example, if n and d are positive integers and X=L/sub p/([0,1]/sup d/) (with 1<p</spl infin/) and if /spl epsiv/ is any given positive constant, no matter how large, then it is not possible to have a continuous function /spl phi/ which associates to each element in X an input-output function of a one-hidden-layer neural network with n hidden units and one linear output units unless for some f in X the error /spl par/f-/spl phi/(f)/spl par/ exceeds the minimum possible error by more than /spl epsiv/. It is also shown that the additional multiplicative factor introduced into Barron's bound (1992, 1993) by Kurkova, Savicky, and Hlavackova (1998) has an expected value of one half.
High- $Q$ Thick-Gate-Oxide MOS Varactors With Subdesign-Rule Channel Lengths for Millimeter-Wave Applications

Thick-gate-oxide (TK) MOS structures with subdesign-rule (SDR) channel lengths located in n-wells are used as accumulation mode varactors to improve Q-factors to higher than 100 at 24 GHz, which is about five times that of conventional thin-gate-oxide (TN) MOS varactors. The varactor capacitance ratio (xi = Cmax/Cmin) is ~1.6. The structure was implemented using the United Microelectronics Company 130-nm logic CMOS technology. The varactors should be particularly useful in circuits for narrowband systems operating near 76 and 94 GHz. Use of TK MOS varactors also makes the C-V characteristics monotonic and mitigates the expected loss associated with the leakage current of TN layer at the 45-nm technology node and beyond.
Diabetes knowledge: are resident physicians and nurses adequately prepared to manage diabetes?

Objective: To assess and compare the diabetes knowledge of nurses and residents in surgery, internal medicine, and family practice.Methods: A 21-question survey based on current diabetes standards of care was developed and administered. The results were stratified by type of participant and analyzed statistically.Results: A total of 52 internal medicine residents (IMR), 21 family practice residents (FPR), 42 surgery residents (SR), and 48 registered nurses (RN) participated. The survey had good overall internal consistency (Cronbach a of 0.78) and test-retest reliability (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.71). The total mean percent correct for all participants was 61%. The total scores of IMR, FPR, and RN groups were similar (69%, 64%, and 66%) and significantly greater (P<0.001) than the SR score (44%). Collectively, all survey participants averaged less than 50% correct on several items. The IMR scored higher than the SR and FPR on several items. The nurses outscored the physicians on items regardin...
Ripple-weighted approach to designing peak-constrained least-squares digital filters

The filters in the paper permit the designer to control the tradeoff between the peak error and the total squared error. These filters are designed according to the peak-constrained least-squares (PCLS) optimality criterion. The authors presented quadratic programming approaches to designing PCLS digital filters in Adams (1991) and Adams et al. (1993). In the present paper, the authors present the ripple weighted least-squares (RWLS) algorithm for designing PCLS digital filters. >
In-place determination of stiffness of subsurface reclaimed layers in thin surface hot-mix asphalt pavements: Fast nondestructive test and analysis method

Seismic testing and analysis using a nondestructive method was developed to determine the moduli of reclaimed layers in thin surface hot-mix asphalt pavements. This method is particularly useful when accurate backcalculation of moduli is difficult because of the existence of unknown layers and when the extraction of intact cores for laboratory testing is impossible. Sixteen Maine Department of Transportation projects with foamed asphalt and plant-mixed recycled asphalt pavement reclaimed layers were tested according to this method using a portable seismic property analyzer. Layer thickness uniformity was checked with a ground-penetrating radar, and falling weight deflectometer was used at multiple load levels to acquire deflection data. Seismic test data were analyzed to estimate layer moduli. The collected data were found to have very low variability. The deflections calculated with the predicted moduli and actual deflections were found to compare well, and the use of predicted moduli as seed moduli resulted in backcalculations with relatively low root-mean-square errors. The moduli were corrected for temperature, and design moduli were recommended. This newly developed method can be used effectively to determine the moduli of subsurface layers, and its use is important for collecting a large amount of data, specifically because of the highly variable nature of the reclaimed layers. A logical next step will be to develop artificial neural networks to automate the process of data reduction from seismic testing. This would allow departments of transportation and industry to fully use the benefits of this fast, nondestructive testing method.
Validation of winter chill models using historic records of walnut phenology

Many fruit and nut species require cold temperatures during the dormancy season to initiate flowering and bear fruit. Quantifying these chilling requirements is crucial for identifying appropriate cultivars for a given site, for timing applications of rest-breaking chemicals and for predicting consequences of climate change. We present a new method to test temperature models describing chilling and heat requirements of perennial plants, and use this method to compare the ability of four chilling models (Chilling Hours, Utah Model, Positive Utah Model and Dynamic Model) to explain walnut phenology in California. When plotting remaining heat before a phenological stage is reached against accumulated winter chill, observational curves for all years should intersect in one common point, assuming fixed chilling and heat requirements and a sequential fulfillment of these requirements. This point defines the chilling and forcing requirements of the plant, and the quality of the chilling/heat model combination is indicated by how well defined the intersection point is. We used this method on a total of 1297 phenological observations, including four walnut cultivars, seven phenological stages and eight locations in California. Using an hourly temperature record, winter chill was quantified by the four chilling models and remaining heat was estimated using the Growing Degree Hour concept. The theoretical intersection point was more clearly defined for the Dynamic and Positive Utah Models than for the Chilling Hours and Utah Models in almost all cases, indicating that these are superior in explaining walnut phenology. It was also apparent that chilling models were not equivalent and that chilling requirements determined under constant temperature conditions, when quantified in Chilling Hours, were not representative of chilling requirements in orchards.
Efficiently Assessing Patient Health Literacy: The BHLS Instrument

Although health literacy limitations are common among patient populations, no efficient yet comprehensive health literacy assessment tool is available to nurses for use in busy health care settings. This study presents beginning evidence for the validity and reliability of a new health literacy assessment tool, the Brief Health Literacy Screen (BHLS). One hundred patients attending four primary care clinics completed the BHLS and the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA) short form and answered questions about the health literacy tools. Findings indicated significant correlations between BHLS and shortened version of the TOFHLA (S-TOFHLA) scores, with higher correlations between BHLS items addressing written health literacy and the S-TOFHLA. Comparative discrimination findings were significant at BHLS cut point of 18 and S-TOFHLA cut point less than 23. Patients rated the BHLS significantly less difficult to complete than the S-TOFHLA. Results of preliminary testing indicate the BHLS is a potentially efficient, effective, and patient-friendly screening tool for health literacy.
Attacks on privacy and deFinetti's theorem

In this paper we present a method for reasoning about privacy using the concepts of exchangeability and deFinetti's theorem. We illustrate the usefulness of this technique by using it to attack a popular data sanitization scheme known as Anatomy. We stress that Anatomy is not the only sanitization scheme that is vulnerable to this attack. In fact, any scheme that uses the random worlds model, i.i.d. model, or tuple-independent model needs to be re-evaluated. The difference between the attack presented here and others that have been proposedin the past is that we do not need extensive background knowledge. An attacker only needs to know the nonsensitive attributes of one individual in the data, and can carry out this attack just by building a machine learning model over the sanitized data. The reason this attack is successful is that it exploits a subtle flaw in the way prior work computed the probability of disclosure of a sensitive attribute. We demonstrate this theoretically, empirically, and with intuitive examples. We also discuss how this generalizes to many other privacy schemes.
Comparison of the Column Performance of Narrow-Bore and Standard-Bore Columns for the Chromatographic Determination of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-Tocopherol

A comparison of the performance of narrow-bore (2.1-mm i.d.) and standard-bore (4.6-mm i.d.) analytical silica columns having the same length is completed for the resolution of alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol. The studies are performed on high-performance liquid chromatographic equipment with minimum extracolumn contribution. Column permeabilities are 1.16 x 10(-9) and 2.48 x 10(-9) cm2 for narrow and standard bore, respectively. The narrow-bore column gives up to a 7 times increase in sensitivity compared with a standard-bore column at equivalent running times for the analytes. Approximately one-third solvent savings can be achieved with the narrow-bore column. Theoretical plates of the standard-bore column are higher than that of the narrow-bore column.
A Mutation in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Gene Associated with Elevated Sweat Chloride Concentrations in the Absence of Cystic Fibrosis

Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) have been shown to cause cystic fibrosis (CF) and male infertility due to congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens. We report the identification of a 6.8 kb deletion (del14a) and a nonsense mutation (S1455X) in the CFTR genes of a mother and her youngest daughter with isolated elevated sweat chloride concentrations. Detailed clinical evaluation of both individuals found no evidence of pulmonary or pancreatic disease characteristic of CF. A second child in this family with classic CF was homozygous for the del14a mutation, indicating that this mutation caused severe CFTR dysfunction. CFTR mRNA transcripts bearing the S1455X mutation were stable in vivo, implying that this allele encoded a truncated version of CFTR missing the last 26 amino acids. Loss of this region did not affect processing of transiently expressed S1455X-CFTR compared with wild-type CFTR. When expressed in CF airway cells, this mutant generated cAMP-activated whole-cell chloride currents similar to wild-type CFTR. Preservation of chloride channel function of S1455X-CFTR was consistent with normal lung and pancreatic function in the mother and her daughter. These data indicate that mutations in CFTR can be associated with elevated sweat chloride concentrations in the absence of the CF phenotype, and suggest a previously unrecognized functional role in the sweat gland for the C-terminus of CFTR.
VALVE: variable length value encoder for off-chip data buses

We propose variable length value encoding (VALVE) technique to reduce the power consumption in the off-chip data buses. While past research has focused on encoding fixed length data values to reduce the transition activity in the data buses, our proposed scheme is capable of detecting and encoding variable length bit patterns in the data values. VALVE also does not require prior knowledge of input data and uses just one external control signal. We evaluate our proposed scheme using a large spectrum of benchmarks and we achieve an energy reduction of 58% on an average and up to 75% on some benchmarks. We also analyze the performance penalty incurred due to the codec delay, which is found to be 0.45% of the total program execution time. We find that VALVE requires a minimal area of 0.0486 mm/sup 2/, which can be easily implemented with in a memory controller.
Behavioral adaptation, confidence, and heuristic-based explanations of the probing effect

Researchers have found that asking probing questions of message sources does not enhance deception detection accuracy. Probing does, however, increase recipient and observer perceptions of source honesty, a finding we label the probing effect. This project examined 3 potential explanations for the probing effect: behavioral adaptation, confidence bias, and a probing heuristic. In Study 1, respondents (N = 337) viewed videotaped interviews in which probes were present or not present, and in which message source behaviors were controlled. Inconsistent with the behavioral adaptation explanation, respondents perceived probed sources as more honest than nonprobed sources, despite the fact that source behaviors were constant across conditions. The data also were inconsistent with the confidence bias explanation. Studies 2 and 3 investigated the probing heuristic explanation. The data from Study 2 (N = 136) were ambiguous, but the results of third study (N = 143) were consistent with the heuristic processing explanation of the probing effect.
Identification of Albumin Precursor Protein, Phi AP3, and α-Smooth Muscle Actin as Novel Components of Redox Sensing Machinery in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Aerobic organisms are continually subjected to environmental stressors that compromise redox homeostasis and induce cellular injury. In vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs), the activation/repression of redox-regulated genes after environmental stress often involves protein binding to cis-acting antioxidant response elements (AREs). The present study was conducted to identify proteins that participate in redox-regulated protein binding to human c-Ha-ras and mouse glutathione S-transferase A1 AREs in vSMCs after oxidant injury. Challenge of vSMCs with 0.3 or 3 μM hydrogen peroxide, 3-methylcholanthrene, benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol, 3-hydroxy benzo[a]pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene-3,6-quinone induced concentration-related increases in ARE protein binding. The profiles of ARE complex assembly were comparable, but exhibited chemical specificity. Pretreatment with 0.5 mM N-acetylcysteine inhibited activation of ARE protein binding in hydrogen peroxide-treated cells. Preparative electrophoretic mobility shift assays coupled to Western analysis identified NF-E2-related proteins 1 and 2 and JunD in complexes assembled on AREs. Polyethylenimine affinity and sequence-specific serial immobilized DNA affinity chromatography followed by N-terminal sequencing identified albumin precursor protein, phi AP3, and α-smooth muscle actin as members of the ARE signaling pathway. Sequence analysis of albumin protein revealed homology to the redox-regulated transcription factors Bach1 and 2, as well as cytoskeletal and molecular motor proteins. These results implicate albumin precursor protein, phi AP3, and α-smooth muscle actin as participants in redox sensing in vSMCs, and suggest that protein complex assembly involves interactions between leucine zipper and zinc finger transcription factors with cytoskeletal proteins.
Relative lawlessness in intuitionistic analysis

This paper introduces, as an alternative to the (absolutely) lawless sequences of Kreisel and Troelstra, a notion of choice sequence lawless with respect to a given class of lawlike sequences. For countable , the class of -lawless sequences is comeager in the sense of Baire. If a particular well-ordered class of sequences, generated by iterating definability over the continuum, is countable then the -lawless sequences satisfy the axiom of open data and the continuity principle for functions from lawless to lawlike sequences, but fail to satisfy Troelstra's extension principle. Classical reasoning is used.
Attentional selection of overlapped shapes: a study using brief shape aftereffects.

Abstract Prior studies using brief stimulus sequences revealed “opponent shape aftereffects”, indicative of direct opponent coding of global shape attributes such as aspect ratio, skew, taper, curvature, and convexity (perhaps in IT). Further, aftereffects from overlapped opponent pairs of adaptor shapes (e.g., concave and convex shapes) were substantially modulated by attention [Vision Res. 41 (2001) 3883]. Hypothetically, (1) attention might weight the attended and ignored contours at early stages of processing, or (2) it might sway opposing neural activity (e.g., of convex- vs. concave-tuned units) at the stage of opponent shape coding. Attentional modulation was equivalent for opponent pairs (producing opposite aftereffects) and non-opponent pairs (producing orthogonal aftereffects) of overlapped adaptor shapes, whether convexity or aspect-ratio aftereffects were measured. Further, the degree of attentional modulation obtained for these aftereffects (∼60%) was comparable to that obtained for V4 cells [J. Neurosci. 19 (1999) 1736]. Taken together, differential contour weighting appears to be the primary mechanism of attentional modulation of brief shape aftereffects.
Tunable local polariton modes in semiconductors

We study the local states within the polariton band gap that arise due to deep defect centers with strong electron-phonon coupling. Electron transitions involving deep levels may result in alteration of local elastic constants. In this case, substantial reversible transformations of the impurity polariton density of states occur, which include the appearance/disappearance of the polariton impurity band, and its shift and/or the modification of its shape. These changes can be induced by thermo- and photoexcitation of the localized electron states or by trapping of injected charge carriers. We develop a simple model, which is applied to the OP center in GaP. Further possible experimental realizations of the effect are discussed.
Treatment of a brachial plexus injury using kinesiotape and exercise.

Purpose: This describes a child whose neonatal brachial plexus injury was treated with kinesiotape and exercise. Description: The subject was a two-year-old female whose X-rays demonstrated severe inferior subluxation of the humeral head and winging of the scapula on the left. She was fitted with a shoulder brace with surgery scheduled in six months. The initial PT exam noted 80 degrees of shoulder abduction (trumpet sign), significant asymmetry, and nonuse. Mallet score was 15/25. Treatment consisted of d/c of the brace and E-stimulation, parent education on exercise and taping, and kinesiotape to facilitate rotator cuff and scapular stabilizers. Typical wear time was 2–3 days on, 1–2 days off. Outcomes: After 2 weeks, there was prominent deltoid definition. The shoulder was in 20 degrees of abduction, shoulders level with less scapular winging. Scapular stabilizers were then taped. At 4 weeks, her arm was held to her side displaying a stable symmetrical scapula. The arm displayed increased fine motor us...