cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parent Educational Involvement in Middle School: Longitudinal Influences on Student Outcomes:

The present study examined influences of 6th grade student-reported parent educational involvement on early adolescent peer group affiliations at 7th and 8th grade. In addition, student gender and ethnicity were explored as possible moderators. Drawn from a large effectiveness trial, participants in this study were 5,802 early adolescents across twenty middle schools in the Northwest region of the United States. Findings suggested that specifically parent's educational involvement in 6th grade predicted increases in positive peer affiliation, when controlling for a general score of parent monitoring practices. The relation between parent educational involvement and peer affiliation varied by student ethnicity but not by gender. Findings suggest the social benefits of parent's engagement with the school context on early adolescent development.
Evaluating Scholarship Productivity in Coamfte-Accredited Doctoral Programs: An Update

Scholarly productivity continues to be used as a significant factor when universities make decisions about granting tenure to faculty, allocating resources, and supporting program goals. In 2009, DuPree, White, Meredith, Ruddick, and Anderson reviewed research productivity in faculty from COAMFTE-accredited PhD programs. As an update, the purpose of this article is to re-examine scholarly productivity trends among COAMFTE-accredited doctoral programs through the use of several evaluation methods. Specifically, productivity was examined in the following areas: (a) family therapy journal publications; (b) publications in any type of peer-reviewed journal; (c) h-factor index scores; and (d) historic and recent journal publication trends.
Search for single-top-quark production in pp̄ collisions at √s=1.8 TeV

We search for standard model single-top-quark production in the W-gluon fusion and W-star channels using 106 pb(-1) of data from p(p) over bar collisions at roots = 1.8 TeV collected with the Collider Detector at Fermilab. We set an upper limit at 95% confidence level (C.L.) on the combined W-gluon fusion and W- star single-top cross section of 14 pb, roughly six times larger than the standard model prediction. Separate 95% C.L. upper limits in the W-gluon fusion and W-star channels are also determined and are found to be 13 and 18 pb, respectively.
The Illinois Commonsense Consumption Act: End of the Road for Fast Food Litigation in Illinois?

Times have changed since the fast food industry first dotted the American landscape. In 1960, five years after McDonald’s opened its doors, there were only 250 McDonald’s restaurants. Today, there are 28,000 worldwide. Similarly, Burger King has grown from one restaurant in 1954 to over 11,000 restaurants today. Today’s fast food industry spans the globe and has a marketing budget in the billions of dollars. This industry change has coincided with another important development: changing American eating habits. In the 1950s, families
Optimization and Triage of Small Specimens

There is a shift in the diagnosis and treatment of lung carcinomas. Identification of the subtype of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) and underlying mutations of lung adenocarcinomas drives management. This has coincided with the performance of greater numbers of minimally invasive procedures and the acquisition of small specimens, including fine needle aspirations (FNAs) and core biopsies, which frequently represent the only tissue amenable or attainable for both diagnosis and ancillary tests. Standardized protocols and algorithms outlining optimal procurement and triage are limited, with each having intra-institutional and interinstitutional variability. This chapter proposes techniques to optimally triage and prepare small specimens, including biopsies and FNAs, to obtain the greatest cellular yield for rendering diagnoses and conducting ancillary studies.
Carcass traits and retail display-life of chops from different goat breed types

Four groups of goats, Boer x Spanish, straightbred Spanish, Spanish x Angora, and straightbred Angora were slaughtered at a constant age according to accepted industry procedures. At 24 h postmortem, various carcass yield and quality measurements were taken. At 48 h postmortem, one side from each carcass was fabricated into major wholesale cuts for dissection into percentage lean, bone, and fat. Rib chops from the opposite side were fabricated, packaged, and displayed in a retail case. Trained panelists evaluated the rib chops over 4 d of retail display for lean color, surface discoloration, and overall appearance; packages were opened and analyzed for off-odor on d 4. When slaughtered at constant ages, Angora goats had lighter (P .05). Carcasses from Angora goats had considerably smaller (P .05) from carcasses of the other two breed types. Carcasses from Angora goats had smaller (P .05) breed type or breed type x day effects for lean color, surface discoloration, overall appearance or off-odor; however, day of display did influence (P < .05) these traits. Crossing Spanish with Angora goats may be an option to improve carcass characteristics over that of straightbred Angora.
Knochenveränderungen nach subtotaler Gastrektomie und verschiedenen Dünndarmresektionen bei Hunden

Bei 12 Hunden wurden 3 Billroth II-Resektionen, 4 Jejunektomien, 3 Ileektomien und 2 75%-Dunndarmresektionen vorgenommen, um die Auswirkungen dieser Operationen auf das Skelet zu uberprufen. Unter den Hunden befanden sich 4 wachsende und 8 erwachsene Tiere. Die ausgewachsenen Hunde zeigten als wichtigsten und einheitlichen Befund eine postoperative Steigerung der Knochenresorption. Diese war unabhangig von der Art der durchgefuhrten Operation. Alle Tiere wiesen postoperativ einen abfallenden Trend der Serumphosphorwerte auf, die jejunektomierten und ileektomierten Tiere gleichzeitig einen abfallenden Trend der Serumcalciumwerte. Es ist anzunehmen, das die aufgetretenen Mineralstoffwechsel- und Skeletveranderungen nach den durchgefuhrten Operationen am Magendarmtrakt zum Teil uber einen intestinalen sekundaren Hyperparathyreoidismus verursacht wurden, dessen Ausmas im Einzelfall unterschiedlich sein durfte.
Machine Learning for Name Type Classification in Library Metadata

Poster presented at the 2017 Annual Meeting of the Association for Information Science & Technology. This poster describes a study to investigate automatic type classification using machine learning approaches.
Do Air Quality Alerts Affect Household Migration

This article examines the effect of air quality information on immigration and emigration of households in California counties by measuring the change in the number of air quality alert days. Based on panel data for 2000–2014, I find evidence suggesting that more frequent air quality alerts reduce the rate of population growth in a county by decreasing immigration of households. This is driven by “Unhealthy” air alerts, which signals weaker air quality than “Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups.” The negative impacts on immigration are larger for high household income counties and are strongest when there is a sharp increase in the number of air quality alerts.
Effect of doeling traits at weaning on subsequent replacement doe fitness traits in a multi-breed meat goat herd

Abstract This study evaluated how doeling traits at weaning influence their fitness as replacement does. Boer (n = 60), Kiko (n = 102), Spanish (n = 96), Boer-cross (n = 138) and Myotonic (n = 20) doelings were weaned at 3 months of age and classified by weaning litter type (single- or multiple-kid type), weaning weight ratio group (WWR; low, moderately low, moderately high, or high) and breed-type. Survival and reproductive output in the replacement does as 2-yr-olds were recorded. The herd was semi-intensively managed on humid subtropical pasture. Boer doelings had lower (P
Construction, verification and experimental use of two epitope-tagged collections of budding yeast strains: Research Papers

A major challenge in the post-genomic era is the development of experimental approaches to monitor the properties of proteins on a proteome-wide level. It would be particularly useful to systematically assay protein subcellular localization, post-translational modifications and protein–protein interactions, both at steady state and in response to environmental stimuli. Development of new reagents and methods will enhance our ability to do so efficiently and systematically. Here we describe the construction of two collections of budding yeast strains that facilitate proteome-wide measurements of protein properties. These collections consist of strains with an epitope tag integrated at the C-terminus of essentially every open reading frame (ORF), one with the tandem affinity purification (TAP) tag, and one with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) tag. We show that in both of these collections we have accurately tagged a high proportion of all ORFs (approximately 75p of the proteome) by confirming expression of the fusion proteins. Furthermore, we demonstrate the use of the TAP collection in performing high-throughput immunoprecipitation experiments. Building on these collections and the methods described in this paper, we hope that the yeast community will expand both the quantity and type of proteome level data available. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass estimation of extinct taxa and phylogenetic hypotheses both influence analyses of character evolution in a large clade of birds (Telluraves).

Incorporating extinct taxa in phylogenetic comparative methods is rapidly becoming invaluable in studies of character evolution. An increasing number of studies have evaluated the effects of extinc...
Dicer's Helicase Domain: A Meeting Place for Regulatory Proteins

The function of Dicer's helicase domain has been enigmatic since its discovery. Why do only some Dicers require ATP, despite a high degree of sequence conservation in their helicase domains? We discuss evolutionary considerations based on differences between vertebrate and invertebrate antiviral defense, and how the helicase domain has been co-opted in extant organisms as the binding site for accessory proteins. Many accessory proteins are double-stranded RNA binding proteins, and we propose models for how they modulate Dicer function and catalysis.
Frontline workers sound the alarm: be always sure you’re right, then go ahead

Amid personal protective equipment shortage, clinicians, nurses, and other frontline workers across the world have faced threatening and/or firing for self-protection during this coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic This perspective describes the different challenges that the stressed and overworked frontline workers encounter when they raise concerns despite being right It also highlights the importance of communication and appropriate execution upon hearing those concerns
Prognosis in metastatic lung cancer: vitamin D deficiency and depression—a cross-sectional analysis

Background Depression and vitamin D deficiency are common in patients with lung cancer and have prognostic implications in cancer settings. However, their relationship and concomitant survival implications have not been evaluated in patients with metastatic lung cancer specifically. We hypothesised that vitamin D deficiency would be associated with depression and inferior cancer-related survival in patients receiving therapies for stage IV lung cancer. Methods This was a cross-sectional analysis of vitamin D, depression and lung cancer characteristics. Vitamin D levels were stratified by level (no deficiency ≥30 units, mild deficiency 20 to 29 units and moderate-to-severe <20 units). Depression was measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression (HADS-D). Survival estimations were made using Cox proportional hazard model and Kaplan-Meier analyses. Results Vitamin D deficiency was evident in almost half of the sample (n=98) and was associated with significant depression (HADS-D ≥8) (χ2=4.35, p Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency is associated with depression in patients with metastatic lung cancer. Depression modulates the survival implications of vitamin D deficiency in this population. The role of vitamin D deficiency in cancer-related depression warrants further investigation since both are amenable to treatment. Psychological and nutritional prognostic considerations may help inform treatment paradigms that enhance quality of life and survival.
Mind the Gap? Negative Tweets & Partisanship in the House of Representatives

How does the lack of institutional legislative power and influence in the House of Representatives shape politicians’ rhetoric? In previous work, we found evidence that members of Congress in the minority and the party opposing the president were more negative in the language they used on Twitter. In this project, we dive deeper into their negative tweets and theorize under what conditions we expect representatives to be more likely to use them. We offer a plan of how to leverage almost 2 million unique tweets made by representatives 2013-2018 to assess the impact of a representative’s political power, or lack thereof, on her use of different methods of strategic negative sentiment in her tweets. Given the increasing contention between the two parties on- and offline, it is unlikely that the use of negative rhetoric and its potentially harmful impact on American government and congress will decrease in the near future.
Measuring Salivary Alpha-Amylase in the Undergraduate Neuroscience Laboratory.

Undergraduate courses in biopsychology, neuroscience, and physiology often include laboratory exercises that examine responses to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system with measurements of heart rate, blood pressure, or galvanic skin levels (sweat response). A newer bioindicator of the sympathetic nervous system is salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) measured with a colorimetic enzyme assay. Undergraduate students successfully measured a rise in sAA due to the stress of giving a class presentation (n=13). Students were enthusiastic to measure a physiological response to a real-life anxiety-producing situation. We describe potential difficulties in the assay and our adaptations to the manufacturer’s protocol to make it more feasible in the undergraduate setting.
Examining spatial accessibility to COVID-19 testing sites in Florida

Massive and rapid testing is crucial for containing the spread of COVID-19. Health and policy planners must ensure that access to and uptake of SARS-CoV-2 testing is adequate and equitable. This st...
Spatially coherent regional changes in seasonal extreme streamflow events in the United States and Canada since 1950.

Complex hydroclimate in the United States and Canada has limited identification of possible ongoing changes in streamflow. We address this challenge by classifying 541 stations in the United States and Canada into 15 “hydro-regions,” each with similar seasonal streamflow characteristics. Analysis of seasonal streamflow records at these stations from 1910 to present indicates regionally coherent changes in the frequency of extreme high- and low-flow events. Where changes are significant, these events have, on average, doubled in frequency relative to 1950 to 1969. In hydro-regions influenced by snowmelt runoff, extreme high-flow event frequency has increased despite snowpack depletion by warming winter temperatures. In drought-prone hydro-regions of the western United States and Southeast, extreme low-flow event frequency has increased, particularly during summer and fall. The magnitude and regional consistency of these hydrologic changes warrant attention by watershed stakeholders. The hydro-region framework facilitates quantification and further analyses of these changes to extreme streamflow.
Acute Vitreous and Intraretinal Hemorrhage with Multifocal Subretinal Fluid in Juvenile X-Linked Retinoschisis.

Purpose To report a rare case of spontaneous vitreous and intraretinal hemorrhage in a patient with juvenile X-linked retinoschisis which was managed conservatively. Methods Single patient case report. Introduction Juvenile X-linked retinoschisis (JXLR) most often occurs as a result of a genetic defect in the retinoschisin (RS1) gene, causing a separation between the ganglion cell layer and the nerve fiber layer. Spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage has been reported as an uncommon secondary consequence of JXLR. We present a case of spontaneous vitreous and diffuse macular intraretinal hemorrhages in a patient with JXLR which resolved with medical management alone. Results A 23-year-old man with a history of juvenile X-linked retinoschisis presented to the ophthalmic emergency room complaining of acute onset of floaters in his right eye. On examination, the patient was found to have a new vitreous hemorrhage with diffuse intraretinal hemorrhages in his right eye, without new retinal tears or detachment. SD-OCT demonstrated multifocal pockets of subretinal fluid. The genetic testing panel revealed a hemizygous mutation in the RS-1 gene. He was managed conservatively on oral acetazolamide, with the resolution of the subretinal fluid and with both visual and symptomatic improvement. Conclusions Spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage may rarely occur in patients with JXLR, even in the absence of acute retinal tear or detachment. This case demonstrates an atypical presentation of vitreous hemorrhage with diffuse intraretinal hemorrhage and new multifocal areas of subretinal fluid which improved without surgical intervention. Good outcomes may be achieved in these patients with conservative management alone, even in atypical presentations.
Public Libraries as Partners in Telemedicine Delivery: A Review and Research Agenda

In the U.S., those who lack broadband internet have limited ability to connect to care providers over a telemedicine video visit (VV). During the coronavirus disease pandemic, VVs have become incre...
Motivated reasoning and faculty interpretation of student evaluation research

In higher education, student evaluation surveys are an important tool for the assessment and improvement of teaching. Despite decades of investigation, research has yet to resolve disagreement abou...
Guard Everything Appropriately and All Will be Well

espanolLa exposicion “Edith Farnsworth, Reconsidered” [Edith Farnsworth, replanteada], visitable desde marzo de 2020 hasta diciembre de 2021, presenta la Casa Farnsworth (Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Plano, Illinois, 1951) tal como fue habitada por la clienta y muestra al publico por primera vez la historia vivida de la vivienda. Se centra en el periodo 1951-1954, poco despues de que la Dra. Farnsworth tomara posesion de ella y justo antes de que una inundacion destruyera el mobiliario interior de estos anos, y recorre asi unos anos de incertidumbre: en 1951, Mies van der Rohe inicio el proceso judicial Van der Rohe contra Farnsworth (1951-1955), en el que demandaba a su antigua clienta por unas facturas pendientes y le reclamaba la titularidad de la construccion. Este articulo recorre la cronologia de ese juicio hasta su desenlace y considera que la exposicion temporal y el expediente del juicio, celosamente custodiado, son dos artefactos con muchos puntos en comun: ambos se refieren a unos hechos coincidentes en el tiempo y tambien ambos han sido “censurados” por las instituciones con el objetivo de salvaguardar el patriarcal legado del arquitecto. La censura, en este caso, no es definitiva: es el augurio de otras historias que pueden ser liberadas de las instituciones que las amarran. EnglishThe exhibition Edith Farnsworth, Reconsidered, on view from March 2020 to December 2021, presents the Farnsworth House (Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Plano, Illinois, 1951) as it was inhabited by the client and reveals the lived history of the house to the public for the first time. Focusing on the period from 1951 to 1954, shortly after Dr. Farnsworth took ownership and just before a flood destroyed the interior furnishings from this time, the exhibition also traces a timeline of uncertainty: in 1951, Mies van der Rohe initiated the lawsuit van der Rohe vs. Farnsworth (1951–1955), suing his former client for unpaid bills and for ownership of the structure. This essay follows the chronology of that trial and its outcome, taking the temporary exhibition and heavily guarded trial transcript into consideration as twin artifacts: both of which occupy nearly the same period of time, and both institutionally “redacted” in order to protect the patriarchal legacy of the architect. Redaction, here, is seen as temporary: foreshadowing the future liberation of histories from the institutions that bind them.
INTEGRATION OF LAND-USE DATA AND SOIL SURVEY DATA

Approaches are discussed for increasing the utility of remotely sensed interpretations through the use of a computer-assisted process which provides capabilities for merging several types of data of varying formats. The resulting maps and summary data are used for planning and zoning in a rapidly developing area (34,000 ha) adjacent to the Black Hills in South Dakota. Attention is given to the data source, data digitization, and aspects of data handling and analysis.
A Focus Group Study of Automated Highway and Vehicle Technologies

Abstract The paper presents the findings of a focus group study of the automated highway system and its related technologies, specifically adaptive cruise control and collision avoidance systems, in the San Francisco Bay Area. A majority of the participants had a favorable reaction to AHS despite the fact that almost all were concerned about its safety and funding capability. Responses to the adaptive cruise control were generally positive. The focus group participants recognized the safety benefits, the convenience, and especially the stress reduction of using the automated highway system, when comparing it to the collision avoidance system.
Extending the Manual

There are several ways this manual can be effectively extended. First, simply by applying the manual as is to different clients, every therapist will develop a diversity of variations by responding to the experiences and problems different clients bring to the session exercises.
Chapter 24. Peptide Conformation and Biological Activity

Publisher Summary The data currently available strongly suggests that predominate solution conformation does not directly correspond to the biologically active conformer. Receptors either induce the conformation required for recognition and activation, or select a minor conformer from the ensemble available in the solution. A similar conclusion based on conformational studies on gramicidin S analogs with equivalent biological activity, but with distinctly different conformations. Structure–activity studies of peptides have ignored the conformational effects of chemical modification. This review emphasizes on how these may be used to distinguish between solution and receptor-bound conformations. Nuclear magnetic resonance offers the ability to assign a resonance signal to each nucleus of the peptide molecule under study and interpret the chemical shift, relative intensity, and splitting patterns of these resonance signals in terms of angles and rotational freedom about bonds and proximity of different groups. Unfortunately, most of the times, the interpretation of the results is clouded by hidden assumptions and technical requirements that are not ideal. A peptide would be expected to tolerate less distortion than a segment of a protein chain as the end residues can be moved without sacrificing a large number of energetically favorable inter-actions to relieve the local strain. A basic assumption of a common backbone conformation that orients the essential functional group in the correct spatial positions for all active analogs underlies this approach. Intersection of the set of all possible conformations for each analog contains the biologically active conformer. Identification of the essential functional groups by traditional structure–activity studies allows the transformation of the problem from conformational space to the orientation space where pharmacophores analysis is possible— that is, required groups and their orientation, and removes the objection of a possible analog with a different conformation having activity. To illustrate these concepts, the current state of knowledge of conformation of three peptide hormones is reviewed in this chapter.
Characterizing Consumer Interest Through the Use of Canonical Correlation: Application for Small Business

This research investigated alternative methods to complex models of estimating consumer demand and alternative models to those currently being used by small business entrepreneurs. The alternative method that was employed in this study was canonical correlation. This statistical tool produced two significant canonical roots, describing four separate market segments based on degree of consumer interest for a new product. Results from this study suggest that, although canonical correlation may have practical application in a small business setting, it should be used in conjunction with data outputs that are less sophisticated.
Mainstream documentary film since 1999

This paper discusses how, in the first decade of the 21st century, documentary film rose to unprecedented significance in American media, succeeding not only in establishing a commercially viable niche in the filmic landscape but also having discernable impacts on public opinion, public actions and even public policy.This decade was one of unprecedented burgeoning of documentary production and consumption that entailed a great increase in output and some qualitative advances. While televisual documentary came to be associated with certain factory values that reflected the TV industry’s vast need for programming, theatrical documentary came in this period to be seen as a much more individually crafted, courageous, human-scale response against social injustice and the abuse of power. Hence, the era also raised questions about the social role of documentary, including the responsibility of filmmakers to serve the public's informational needs and to honor traditional journalistic goals, such as accuracy.
PORTAL HYPERTENSION—A COMPLICATION OF UMBILICAL VEIN CATHETERIZATION

The histories of four children with apparent extrahepatic portal vein obstruction and portal hypertension presumably secondary to umbilical vein catheterization are presented. Recommendations for the avoidance of this complication of exchange transfusion are made.
Relationship of Cellular Components to the Stability of Concentrated Lactic Streptococcus Cultures at -17 C

Concentrated cultures of lactic streptococci varied with respect to survival at -17 C. Cells of each strain grown at pH 6.0 were more stable to freezing than were those grown statically. The lipid fraction of the cells from static cultures was important in preventing death during freezing. As the percentage of octadecenoic acid in the cellular lipids from different cultures increased, the percentage of survivors decreased. Capsular material associated with cells from cultures grown both statically and at pH 6.0 was also important in protecting the cells at -17 C. The amount of capsular material, measured as percentage of cellular glucose, varied among the cultures tested. Cultures containing larger amounts of the capsular material were more resistant to the stress of freezing than those containing low levels.
Dual role of interleukin‐10 in the regulation of respiratory syncitial virus (RSV)‐induced lung inflammation

Summary RSV lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are among the most common diseases necessitating hospital admission in children. In addition to causing acute respiratory failure, RSV infections are associated with sequelae such as secondary bacterial infections and reactive airway disease. One characteristic host response observed in severe RSV-induced LRTI and/or subsequent development of asthma is increased expression of interleukin (IL)-10. However, contradictory results have been reported regarding whether IL-10 inhibits asthmatic responses or intensifies the disease. We aimed to reconcile these discordant observations by elucidating the role of IL-10 in regulating the host response to RSV LRTI. In this study, we used a lung-specific, inducible IL-10 over-expression (OE) transgenic mouse model to address this question. Our results showed that the presence of IL-10 at the time of RSV infection not only attenuated acute inflammatory process (i.e. 24 h post-infection), but also late inflammatory changes [characterized by T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine and chemokine expression]. While this result appears contradictory to some clinical observations where elevated IL-10 levels are observed in asthmatic patients, we also found that delaying IL-10 OE until the late immune response to RSV infection, additive effects rather than inhibitory effects were observed. Importantly, in non-infected, IL-10 OE mice, IL-10 OE alone induced up-regulation of Th2 cytokine (IL-13 and IL-5) and Th2-related chemokine [monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)] expression. We identified a subset of CD11b+CD11c+CD49b+F4/80–Gr-1– myeloid cells as a prinicipal source of IL-10-induced IL-13 production. Therefore, the augmented pathological responses observed in our ‘delayed’ IL-10 over-expression model could be attributed to IL-10 OE alone. Taken together, our study indicated dual roles of IL-10 on RSV-induced lung inflammation which appear to depend upon the timing of when elevated IL-10 is expressed in the lung.
Context dependence and implicit arguments in existentials

This paper discusses the semantics of bare existentials, i.e. existentials in which nothing follows the post copular NP (e.g. There are four sections). While it has sometimes been recognized that the interpretation of such sentences depends in some way on context, the exact nature of the context dependence involved has not been properly understood. It is shown that the meaning of bare existentials involves a set-denoting implicit argument, and that the range of interpretations found with bare existentials is predictable from the general properties of implicit arguments. An explicit analysis within a dynamic setting is presented.
A new concept in rocket engine baffles

References 1 Leitmann, G., "On some optimum rocket trajectories/' Prikl. Mat. Mekh. 25, 978-982 (1961). 2 Sivo, J. N., Campbell, C. E., and Hamza, V., "Analysis of close lunar translation techniques," NASA TR-R-126 (1962). 3 Cheng, R. K. and Conrad, D. A., "Optimum translation and the brachistochrone," AIAA J. 1, 2845-2847 (1963). 4 Kalman, R. E., "The theory of optimal control and the calculus of variations," Mathematical Optimization Techniques, edited by R. Bellman (University of California Press, Berkeley, Calif., 1963), pp. 309-331. 5 Schwartz, L., "Minimum energy attitude control for a class of electric propulsion devices," Proceedings, 1964 Joint Automatic Control Conference, Stanford University (June 1964). 6 Keller, W. F., "Study of spacecraft hover and translation modes above the lunar surface," AIAA Preprint 64-341 (1964).
Boundary Layer Studies on a Spinning Cone

Abstract : An experimental investigation of the effects of spin induced distortion of the boundary layer on a spinning 10 degree half angle cone at Mach 2, 3 and 4 is reported. The profile of the location of boundary layer transition has been determined completely about the surface of the cone model from spark shadowgraphs. These spark shadowgraphs were taken with the model mounted on an offset strut which was rolled incrementally in azimuth to reveal the entire surface of the model. The profile of the boundary layer thickness at the base of the cone has also been determined from the spark shadowgraphs. Strain gage balance measurements of Magnus and normal force were made for three significantly different boundary layer configurations and confirm the extreme sensitivity of Magnus to boundary layer configuration.
A model for sperm-egg binding and fusion based on ADAMs and integrins

Once a sperm meets an egg, several events must occur in order for fertilization to proceed. Sperm must bind to the zona pellucida, undergo the acrosome reaction, penetrate the zona pellucida and then bind to and fuse with the egg plasma membrane. Shortly thereafter, the egg must be activated for zygotic development. This review focuses on mammalian sperm-egg plasma membrane binding and fusion, and in particular on the roles of two families of cell-adhesion molecules, ADAMs and integrins, in this important union.
Abstract 1084: Naturally occurring variants of human α9 nicotinic receptor differentially affect bronchial cell proliferation and transformation

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Isolation of polyadenilated mRNA from human immortalized bronchial epithelial cell line BEP2D revealed the presence of multiple isoforms of RNA coded by the CHRNA9 gene for α9 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). BEP2D cells were homozygous for the rs10009228 polymorphism encoding for N442S amino-acid substitution, and also contained mRNA coding for several truncated isoforms of α9 protein. To elucidate the biologic significance of the naturally occurring variants of α9 nAChR, we compared the biologic effects of overexpression of full-length α9 N442 and S442 proteins, and the truncated α9 variant occurring due to a loss of the exon 4 sequence that causes frame shift and early termination of the translation. These as well as control vector were overexpressed in the BEP2D cells that were used in the assays of proliferation rate, spontaneous vs. tobacco nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced cellular transformation, and tumorigenicity in cell culture and mice. Overexpression of the S442 variant significantly increased cellular proliferation, and spontaneous and NNK-induced transformation. The N442 variant significantly decreased cellular transformation, without affecting proliferation rate. Overexpression of the truncated α9 significantly decreased proliferation and suppressed cellular transformation. These results suggested that α9 nAChR plays important roles in regulation of bronchial cell growth by endogenous acetylcholine and exogenous nicotine and susceptibility to NNK-induced carcinogenic transformation. The biologic activities of α9 nAChR may be regulated at the splicing level, and genetic polymorphisms in CHRNA9 affecting protein levels, amino-acid sequence and RNA splicing may influence the risk for lung cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1084. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1084
Heterogeneous chemistry and tropospheric ozone

Abstract Ozone is produced in the troposphere by gas-phase oxidation of hydrocarbons and CO catalyzed by hydrogen oxide radicals (HO x ≡OH+H+peroxy radicals) and nitrogen oxide radicals (NO x ≡NO+NO 2 ). Heterogeneous chemistry involving reactions in aerosol particles and cloud droplets may affect O 3 concentrations in a number of ways including production and loss of HO x and NO x , direct loss of O 3 , and production of halogen radicals. Current knowledge and hypotheses regarding these processes are reviewed. It is recommended that standard O 3 models include in their chemical mechanisms the following reaction probability parameterizations for reactive uptake of gases by aqueous aerosols and clouds: γ HO 2 =0.2 (range 0.1–1) for HO 2 →0.5 H 2 O 2 , γ NO 2 =10 −4 (10 −6 –10 −3 ) for NO 2 → 0.5 HONO+0.5 HNO 3 , γ NO 3 =10 −3 (2×10 −4 –10 −2 ) for NO 3 →HNO 3 , and γ N 2 O 5 =0.1 (0.01–1) for N 2 O 5 →2 HNO 3 . Current knowledge does not appear to warrant a more detailed approach. Hypotheses regarding fast O 3 loss on soot or in clouds, fast reduction of HNO 3 to NO x in aerosols, or heterogeneous loss of CH 2 O are not supported by evidence. Halogen radical chemistry could possibly be significant in the marine boundary layer but more evidence is needed. Recommendations for future research are presented. They include among others (1) improved characterization of the phase and composition of atmospheric aerosols, in particular the organic component; (2) aircraft and ship studies of marine boundary layer chemistry; (3) measurements of HONO vertical profiles in urban boundary layers, and of the resulting HO x source at sunrise; (4) laboratory studies of the mechanisms for reactions of peroxy radicals, NO 2 , and HNO 3 on surfaces representative of atmospheric aerosol; and (4) laboratory studies of O 3 reactivity on organic aerosols and mineral dust.
Direct Observation of Postadsorption Aggregation of Antifreeze Glycoproteins on Silicates

The adsorption of antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGP) from aqueous solution onto two different silicate minerals, muscovite mica and amorphous silica−titania, has been directly observed for the first time in situ using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy (OWLS). The former yields the lateral distribution and heights of adsorbed single molecules and massed adsorpta, and the latter enables the precise number of adsorbed AFGP per unit area of surface to be determined as well as the kinetics of adsorption and desorption. On both surfaces the AFGP were initially deposited as isolated molecules. On mica they remained as such and could be imaged as compact, globular objects, in contrast to the elongated form presumed to exist in solution. On silica−titania they subsequently formed isolated conical deposits containing large numbers of molecules. The relevance of these results to the adsorption of the AFGP on ice is discussed.
Reactive Electrophoretic Activation of a Microelectrode for Enzyme-Amplified Recognition and for Melting-Temperature Determination of 105 Copies of a Simple Oligonucleotide

The hybridization of 105 copies of 25−30-base single-stranded poly(deoxythymidine)-5‘-phosphate [ss-pd(T)25-30] was detected amperometrically with a 10 μm-diameter microelectrode. The melting of 105 copies of the hybrid with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled poly(deoxyadenine)-5‘-phosphate [ss-pd(A)25-30-HRP] was also tracked by amperometry. The microelectrode was coated with its hybridization-sensing layer in a two-step process involving electrophoretic deposition, which yielded reproducible electrode coatings. In the first step, a thin film of an electron-conducting redox polymer was deposited electrophoretically at constant current on the vitreous carbon surface of the microelectrode. In the second step, carbodiimide-activated 5‘-phosporylated ss-pd(T)25-30 was reactively electrophoretically deposited and covalently attached to the redox polymer film. Subsequent hybridization led to electrical contact between the HRP label of ss-pd(A)25-30 and the conducting redox polymer. This contact resulted in c...
Interoperable Solution for Test Execution in Various I&T Environments

When there is spacecraft collaboration between several industry partners, there is an inherent difference in integration and test (I&T) methodologies, which creates a challenge for verifying flight systems during the development phase. To converge the differing I&T methodologies, considerations were required for multiple project areas such as Flight System Testbed (FST), Assembly, Test, and Launch Operations (ATLO), and Spacecraft Simulator environments. This paper details the challenges and approaches of the JPL's effort in engineering a solution to testing the flight system with the Mission Operations Ground System while maintaining the comparability with testing methods of the industry partners.
Non‐dialytic Treatment of Acute Hyperkalemia in the Dialysis Patient

Acute hyperkalemia occurs commonly amongst patients with chronic renal failure and is especially common in noncompliant individuals. These patients often present to the emergency room with weakness. This editorial addresses the issue of non-dialytic treatment of hyperkalemia. Is emergency dialysis indicated in every case? In my opinion, acute dialysis can often be delayed until the hospital's dialysis unit opens for "regular working hours."
Integrated Hydrologic-Economic-Institutional Model of Environmental Flow Strategies for Rio Yaqui Basin, Sonora, Mexico

An integrated hydrologic-economic-institutional water model was developed for the Rio Yaqui Basin, located in northwest Mexico, with the objective of assessing the impacts on agricultural economic benefits from strategies for allocating environmental flow. This paper focuses on the creation of simulation models that estimate the agricultural net benefits under different environmental flow scenarios and surface water allocation strategies. The results illustrate a trade-off between interannual variability of environmental flows and variability in agricultural benefits, corresponding to economic risk, for three allocation strategies. Results also show that environmental flow allocations affect groundwater levels through impacts on surface-ground water interactions.
Toward a Taxonomy of Harm

When we organize knowledge we act. The wholesomeness of our actions can be measured in the proportion of good or harm they do. How then do we identify and define potential harm in knowledge organization systems? A starting point for contributing to the greater good is to examine and interrogate existing knowledge organization practices that do harm, whether that harm is intentional or accidental, or an inherent and unavoidable evil. As part of the transition movement, the authors propose that we take inventory of the manifestations and implications of the production of suffering by knowledge organization systems through constructing a taxonomy of harm. The aim of our work is (1) to heighten awareness of the violence that classifications and naming practices carry, (2) to unearth some of the social conditions and motivations that contribute to and are reinforced by knowledge organization systems, and (3) to advocate for intentional and ethical knowledge organization practices to achieve a minimal level of harm.
Applications of matched field processing to damage detection in composite wind turbine blades

There are many structures serving vital infrastructure, energy, and national security purposes. Inspecting the components and areas of the structure most prone to failure during maintenance operations by using non- destructive evaluation methods has been essential in avoiding costly, but preventable, catastrophic failures. In many cases, the inspections are performed by introducing acoustic, ultrasonic, or even thermographic waves into the structure and then evaluating the response. Sometimes the structure, or a component, is not accessible for active inspection methods. Because of this, there is a growing interest to use passive methods, such as using ambient noise, or sources of opportunity, to produce a passive impulse response function similar to the active approach. Several matched field processing techniques most notably used in oceanography and seismology applications are examined in more detail. While sparse array imaging in structures has been studied for years, all methods studied previously have used an active interrogation approach. Here, structural damage detection is studied by use of the reconstructed impulse response functions in ambient noise within sparse array imaging techniques, such as matched-field processing. This has been studied in experiments on a 9-m wind turbine blade.
Some aspects of thymine biosynthesis in Ochromonas malhamensis

Abstract The donor of the 5-methyl group of thymine in the protozoan, Ochromonas malhamensis, was found to be N5,N10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate. N5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate was not a methyl donor for this reaction. The incorporation of label from N5,N10-methylene-C14-tetrahydrofolate into thymine derivatives was found to proceed in a nutritional deficiency of vitamin B12, but was greatly decreased in the presence of B12-anilide, a vitamin B12 antagonist. Dimethylbenzimidazolylcobamide coenzyme prevented a large part of the decrease in incorporation of label due to the anilide, and cyanocobalamin was slightly effective. Adenylcobamide coenzyme decreased thymine synthesis further. Evidence was obtained for an alternate pathway of thymine biosynthesis operating through a compound tentatively identified as a 5-methyl-cytosine derivative. This pathway was not inhibited by B12-anilide, but extracts from B12-deficient cells caused marked increases in incorporation of label on addition of dimethylbenzimidazolylcobamide coenzyme.
Prediction of protein structure: the problem of fold multiplicity.

Three-dimensional (3D) models of four CASP3 targets were calculated using a simple modeling procedure that includes prediction of regu- lar secondary structure, analysis of possible b-sheet topologies, assembly of amphiphilic helices and b-sheets to bury their nonpolar surfaces, and adjust- ment of side-chain conformers and loops to provide close packing and saturation of the ''hydrogen bond potential'' (exposure of all polar groups to water or their involvement in intramolecular hydrogen bonds). It has been found that this approach allows construction of 3D models that, in some cases, prop- erly reproduce the structural class of the protein (such as b-barrel or b-sandwich of definite shape and size) and details of tertiary structure (such as pairing of b-strands), although all four models were more or less incorrect. Remarkably, some models had fewer water-exposed nonpolar side-chains, more hydrogen bonds, and smaller holes than the corre- sponding native structures (although the models had a larger water-accessible nonpolar surface). The results obtained indicate that hydrophobicity patterns do not unequivocally determine protein folds, and that any ab initio or fold recognition methods that operate with imprecise potential en- ergy functions, or use crude geometrical approxima- tions of the peptide chain, will probably produce many different nonnative structures. Proteins Suppl
Examination of the Discriminant, Convergent, and Criterion-Related Validity of Self-Ratings on the Emotional Competence Inventory

We found that self-ratings on the Emotional Competence Inventory (ECI) had small relationships with, but a distinct factor structure from, the Big-Five personality dimensions. ECI self-ratings were unrelated to academic performance and general mental ability. ECI self-ratings had significant, albeit small, correlations with EC-related behaviors and peer nominations of influence during a leaderless group discussion, coworkers' ratings of managerial skills, and number of promotions received. However, with one exception, these significant relationships disappeared after controlling for personality and age.
Spending more to save more: interventions to promote adherence.

In this issue, Nachega and colleagues provide compelling data that increasing resources to enhance antiretroviral adherence among HIV-infected patients is associated with substantial cost savings e...
Nucleophilic displacement of ethylene from π-C5H5Rh(C2H4)2

Abstract It is known that ethylene in π-C5H5Rh(C2H4)2 is displaced by nucleophiles through a reaction initiated by dissociation of ethylene. A group of nucleophiles (phosphines and phosphites) has now been found which displace ethylene faster than reaction by the dissociative mechanism and at a rate which depends on the concentration of the nucleophile. It is proposed that this reaction involves nucleophilic attack by the incoming ligand and that the cyclopentadienyl ligand assists ethylene displacement by accepting electron density in the transition state.