cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RACE, GENDER, AND THE POLITICAL CONFLATION OF BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES

In March of 1969, a Black man from Detroit named Abdul-Rasheed Karim arrived at Ionia State Hospital for the Criminally Insane in Ionia, Michigan, after spending two years locked up in prison and a psychiatric ward for a fight that started when he was assaulted by three White boys, then brutalized by the police who responded. Mr. Karim, who suffered two broken ribs, a cracked tooth, and a deep skull laceration, made the mistake of hitting one of the officers who were beating him with clubs. As Metzl quotes, the clinical evaluation that led to Mr. Karim's transfer to Ionia noted “cultural retardation is thus a significant factor in his schizophrenic disease” because he had been “socialized toward ghetto survival” (p. 143) as a child. The doctor interpreted Mr. Karim's Islamic beliefs as “religious delusions,” writing, “his identification with the Black Muslim group is a projection of his feelings of inadequacy” (p. 143). Once at Ionia, doctors treated Mr. Karim's hostility toward authority figures by confining him to a maximum supervision ward where he was injected daily with escalating doses of antipsychotic drugs.
Elimination of 13Cα Splitting in Protein NMR Spectra by Deconvolution with Maximum Entropy Reconstruction

Homonuclear 13C−13C couplings can significantly reduce the sensitivity and resolution of multidimensional NMR experiments. The most important of these couplings is the 13Cα−13Cβ coupling, and several different methods have been developed to eliminate its effect from spectra used for backbone assignment, including short or constant-time evolution periods, selectively labeled amino acids, and multiple-band decoupling sequences. In this communication we show that postacquisition deconvolution of the spectra with a maximum entropy algorithm can be superior to experimental decoupling. The method is very robust, does not introduce shifts of the resonance positions, and simplifies the measurement of the most important NMR experiments for protein backbone assignment.
The PennScience Experience: Lessons Learned Working on an Undergraduate Research Journal

PennScience: Journal of Undergraduate Research was created by students at the University of Pennsylvania in 2001. The journal's mission is to establish a scientific forum for undergraduate students to publish and promote their research in science and engineering. First the paper discusses the content of PennScience and the evolution of a successful team-based model for running such a journal. Second the paper focuses on the personal experiences of student authors and staff members. The idea of an undergraduate research journal, which was pioneered by students at the University of Pennsylvania, has become an initiative that the University is embarking on to further enhance the undergraduate research experience.
First Energy Course: Beyond Electric Machinery

The goal of the first course in energy is to introduce the students to the wide area of electric power while making it relevant to their daily encounters. As educators, our philosophy for teaching the first course in energy must change dramatically from just an energy conversion class to broader topics that are relevant to all electrical engineering students. In this paper, we present the experience of the University of Washington in teaching a modular course in energy that can be taught in units and sequences determined by the instructor. By the end of the course, the students should understand most, if not all, of the following topics: history of power systems, worldwide energy resources, power plants, generation and transmission of energy, environmental impact of generating electricity, renewable energy systems, main components of a power system, power grids, energy exchange and trade, and blackouts. Other essential topics such as electric safety, power electronics and electric machines are also included. The electrical machines are taught using interesting and familiar applications to the students.
The Urban Geography of Red Power: The American Indian Movement in Minneapolis-Saint Paul, 1968-70

Drawing on recent theories of citizenship that argue the city as the pre-eminent ‘difference machine’, this paper argues that it is also a crucial site for the production of resistance as a social identity and practice. This argument is presented through an analysis of an example from the ‘Red Power’ movement in the US in the 1960s and early 1970s. The paper examines how American Indian activism—while often dramatised in rural reservation locations and centred on rather grand abstractions quite far removed from typically urban concerns and politics—also has a profoundly urban historical geography.
Changes in Math Prerequisites and Student Performance in Business Statistics: Do Math Prerequisites Really Matter?

We use a binary probit model to assess the impact of several changes in math prerequisites on student performance in an undergraduate business statistics course. While the initial prerequisites did not necessarily provide students with the necessary math skills, our study, the first to examine the effect of math prerequisite changes, shows that these changes were deleterious to student performance. Our results helped convince the College of Business to change the math prerequisite again beginning with the 2008/2009 academic year. Thus, this study is also the first to actually help strengthen math prerequisites and improve student performance in business statistics.
Novel formulations for the sequence selection problem in de novo protein design with flexible templates

This paper presents two novel formulations for solving the sequence selection problem in de novo protein design with highly flexible templates, each of which exhibits a crystal or NMR, structure. The first formulation applies weighted average energy parameters to incorporate information about every structure, with the weights, which are parameters dependent on a pair of Cα positions and a particular distance bin, given by the probability that the distance between the two positions is found to belong to that distance bin in any of the structures. The second formulation allows the distance between the two positions considered to fall into any distance bin that all the structures span over, but imposes novel linear constraints to ensure a physically consistent structure. Both formulations were tested on redesigning Compstatin, the template of which has 21 NMR structures from the protein data bank.
Chronic Effects of Long Term Cigarette Smoke Inhalation Upon the Development of Oxygen Debt Capacity in Albino Mice.

Abstract It is a generally accepted tenet of athletics that smoking is not only deleterious to health, but is specifically contraindicated for athletes because it diminishes cardiorespiratory efficiency. Such deleterious effects as theoretically should develop are posited to develop chronically rather than acutely. They include gradual lung tissue destruction and coronary arteriosclerosis. While there is an extensive body of literature relating to such deteriorative effects of tobacco smoke inhalation, there are few well-controlled studies. What well-controlled studies have been done are almost exclusively of an acute nature or related to various retrospective studies of disease and not helpful in determining desirable athletic training philosophy. This study utilized techniques of control, randomization, and chronicity as related to the effects of cigarette smoke inhalation upon the development of oxygen debt capacity. It was performed on 50 pairs of male, heterozygotically bred albino mice forced to swi...
Analysis of the 1993-95 Bering Glacier (Alaska) surge using differential SAR interferometry

Differential spaceborne radar interferometry observations of West Bagley Icefield are used to measure surface velocity and topography. Bagley Icefield is the accumulation area fur Bering Glacier which surged in two phases from spring 1993 through summer 1905. The observations presented are based on data collected during the winter of 1992, prior to the surge, and during winter 1994 while the surge was in full progress. Both observation intervals correspond to 3 day repeat orbit phases of the ERS-I C-band SAR. This paper gives an overview of the algorithms used to derive surface-velocity vector fields and topography for valley glaciers from SAR images. The resulting high-resolution velocity data clearly show West Bagley Icefield accelerating from its quiescent pre-surge velocity by a factor of 2.7 in response to the Bering Glacier surge. Persistence of lnterfero-metric phase coherence and the relatively moderate degree of acceleration on the western arm of Bagley Icefield suggest that the velocity increase may have been caused by increased longitudinal stress gradients resulting from coupling to the surging main trunk of Bering Glacier.
Therapists' Perceptions of Application and Implementation of AM-PAC "6-Clicks" Functional Measures in Acute Care: Qualitative Study.

Background Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AM-PAC) “6-Clicks” tools are functional measures used in acute care. No studies have identified reactions and perceptions of therapists in implementing these measures. Objectives The purpose of this study was to explore therapists' perceptions regarding the application and implementation of AM-PAC “6-Clicks” tools. Design This study used a qualitative design with thematic analysis. Methods A convenience sample of 13 physical therapists and occupational therapists participated in semistructured telephone interviews. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded, after which thematic analysis was used to determine common themes. Results Five themes were identified: (1) unclear purpose, (2) lack of confidence in scoring, (3) too simple for decision making or generalizing patient function, (4) no effect on clinical routine, and (5) potential for communicating patient function across disciplines. Limitations Participants came from one health care system. A relatively small percentage of staff agreed to participate in this study, and additional interviews might have revealed new themes. Conclusions As participants in this study implemented the AM-PAC “6-Clicks” tools, they considered the role of the measures, how they fit within the context of practice, and their value. They also were concerned with the accuracy and feasibility of the tools. The tools were accepted as potentially valuable to assist administrative decisions and research; however, they were not perceived as particularly useful for routine patient care. Participants lacked complete confidence in the reliability of their scoring and expressed concern that the scores might be substituted for their clinical decision making. They also felt that the tools were too simple to fully reflect patients' overall function and were not useful alone for discharge planning. Participants believed the tools had the potential to be used for communication among colleagues about patients' physical function.
Non-directed, carbonate-mediated C-H activation and aerobic C-H oxygenation with Cp*Ir catalysts

The effect of oxidatively stable L- and X-type additives on the activity of Cp*Ir catalyst precursors in the C–H activation of arenes has been studied. Turnover numbers for C–H activation of up to 65 can thus be achieved, as determined by H/D exchange in MeOH-D4. In particular, carbonate additives are found to enhance the C–H activation reactivity of Cp*Ir(H2O)3(OTf)2 (1) more significantly than L-type ligands investigated in this study. Based on these studies, Cp*Ir/carbonate systems are developed that catalyze the aerobic Csp3–H oxygenation of alkyl arenes, employing air as oxidant.
Abstract 3593: Genetic variants in NER pathway genes and ovarian cancer risk and outcomes

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway is critical for protecting against damage from carcinogens. In this case-control study, we evaluated the associations between genetic variations in NER pathway and ovarian cancer risk in 339 Caucasian ovarian cancer cases and 349 Caucasian healthy controls. A comprehensive panel of 217 SNPs in 28 NER pathway genes was analyzed to assess their association with ovarian cancer risk. For the cases who received surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy, we also analyzed the association of these SNPs with overall survival and response to chemotherapy. Individually, 12 SNPs were significantly associated with the ovarian cancer risk. The most significant association was observed for SNP rs4150667 from GTF2H1 (OR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.47- 0.86). A strong gene-dosage effect was observed when these top 12 SNPs were combined for unfavorable genotype analysis. Compared to subjects carrying ≤ 2 unfavorable genotypes, individuals carrying 3 (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.32−3.39), 4 (OR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.47 − 3.66) or ≥ 5 (OR = 4.31, 95% CI = 2.75 − 6.78) unfavorable genotypes exhibited significantly increased risk for ovarian cancer (P for trend Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3593.
The bummer

An encounter between a monster and a boy on a subway system illustrates a character type. The Bummer is someone who "bums" or borrows things from other people with no intention of returning the items. Maya 4.0 was used for modelling and animation; Adobe Premiere was used for compositing; both on HP Visualize workstations.
Global Health Education in Doctor of Pharmacy Programs.

The objective of this Review is to characterize content related to global health in didactic and experiential curricula of doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) programs in the United States. The review was completed through a systematic website search of 133 US PharmD programs accredited or currently in the process of obtaining accreditation to identify global health dual degrees, minors/concentrations, required and elective courses, and experiential opportunities. Programs’ course catalogs were referenced as needed to find more specific course listings/descriptions. More than 50 programs offered an elective course related to global health; eight had a required course; eight offered a minor or certification for global health; three offered dual degrees in pharmacy and global health. Fourteen institutions had a center for global health studies on campus. More than 50 programs offered experiential education opportunities in global health including international advanced pharmacy practice experiences or medical mission trips. Inclusion of and focus on global health-related topics in US PharmD programs was widely varied.
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

An 84-year-old woman underwent successful transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) using a 26-mm CoreValve Evolut R (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota). Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography confirmed normal valve position and normal left ventricular function. Trace
Femtosecond Time-Resolved Observation of Soft Mode Dynamics in Ferroelectric Crystals

Despite extensive study of the barium titanate (perovskite) family of ferroelectrics, the dynamics and microscopic mechanism for the phase transitions between the paraelectric cubic phase and the tetragonal, orthorhombic, and rhombohedral ferroelectric phases remain in doubt. From a dynamical point of view, the degree to which collective motion of the order parameter, i.e. the polarization, is vibrational (phonon-like) in character versus relaxational (hopping dynamics) is in dispute due to the conflicting results of recent low-frequency Raman spectroscopy studies [1,2]. In terms of microsopic mechanism, relaxational dynamics are indicatative of an order-disorder transition involving collective hopping of ions between different crystalline arrangements. Vibrational dynamics indicate a displacive transition involving motions of ions within a single free energy region whose minimum position shifts with temperature. The vibrational component of the order parameter is often very heavily damped (sometimes overdamped) and so Raman spectral responses are central peaks which merge with relaxational responses. It is often difficult to discern and analyze quantitatively the vibrational and relaxational dynamics.
Zebrafish as a Model for Development

The zebrafish model has recently emerged as a significant experimental system for developmental biology studies. In this review, we provide an introduction to the zebrafish model system by overviewing set-up and husbandry requirements, the genome, and associated bioinformatics infrastructure. We then detail the utility of zebrafish for forward, reverse, and chemical genetic studies of development. We also discuss using zebrafish for live cell imaging experiments. Finally, we provide an overview of zebrafish community resources.
The Science of Intensive Care Unit Mobility and Growing Reeds.

The Science of Intensive Care Unit Mobility and Growing Reeds Catherine Hough; Annals of the American Thoracic Society
Interferometry with atoms and molecules

Three 0.2-μm period diffraction gratings were used to realize an interferometer for atoms and molecules1 that passes the interfering components of the deBroglie wave on opposite sides of a stretched metal foil positioned between two side plates. The foil was 10 cm long and 10 μ.m. thick, and a gas sample of density −2 × 1012 atoms/ cm3 could be introduced on one side of the foil only.
Internet resources in the visual arts

Cet article presente les sites Interet sur lesquels ont peut acceder aux arts visuels tels que les musees, les galeries d'art, les galleries commerciales, les publications electroniques, les groupes de discussion
MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery of Uterine Leiomyomas1

Uterine fibroids are the most common pelvic tumors in women and are a significant cause of morbidity for women of reproductive age. Today, there are a variety of less invasive alternatives available to hysterectomy, such as myomectomy, hormonal therapy, uterine artery embolization, and more recently magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS). With this technique, ultrasound waves are focused through intact skin of the anterior abdominal wall resulting in localized thermal tissue ablation, monitored by online MR temperature control. By using an effective combination of image guidance and energy delivery, MRgFUS therefore allows for preservation of uterine function while obviating the need for a minimally invasive procedure or surgery.
Electrothermal Simulation-Based Comparison of 4H-SiC p-i-n, Schottky, and JBS Diodes Under High Current Density Pulsed Operation

Pulsed power applications are characterized by very high instantaneous power due to the high voltage and current involved. Power diodes used as a closing switch in pulsed power circuits must be able to withstand the high current operation well above the continuous device rating, for a transient duration. Due to the superior electrothermal properties of wide bandgap Silicon Carbide (SiC) material, it is feasible to develop high Blocking Voltage (BV) Schottky and Junction Barrier Schottky (JBS) diodes besides p-i-n rectifiers. In order to evaluate the device performance under high current density pulsed operation, 2-D models of SiC p-i-n, Schottky, and JBS diodes rated for 3.3-kV BV and 100 A/cm2 current density were developed using Silvaco ATLAS TCAD software. The diode structures were simulated electrothermally to study the device behavior and compare the performance under high current density pulsed operation. The power dissipation and the lattice temperature profile of the SiC diodes were analyzed to compare the magnitude of heat loss and formation of thermal hot spot in the diode structure to predict the suitability of the device for pulsed power applications.
A Leptin Analog Locally Produced in the Brain Acts via a Conserved Neural Circuit to Modulate Obesity-Linked Behaviors in Drosophila

Leptin, a typically adipose-derived "satiety hormone," has a well-established role in weight regulation. Here we describe a functionally conserved model of genetically induced obesity in Drosophila by manipulating the fly leptin analog unpaired 1 (upd1). Unexpectedly, cell-type-specific knockdown reveals upd1 in the brain, not the adipose tissue, mediates obesity-related traits. Disrupting brain-derived upd1 in flies leads to all the hallmarks of mammalian obesity: increased attraction to food cues, increased food intake, and increased weight. These effects are mediated by domeless receptors on neurons expressing Drosophila neuropeptide F, the orexigenic mammalian neuropeptide Y homolog. In vivo two-photon imaging reveals upd1 and domeless inhibit this hedonic signal in fed animals. Manipulations along this central circuit also create hypersensitivity to obesogenic conditions, emphasizing the critical interplay between biological predisposition and environment in overweight and obesity prevalence. We propose adipose- and brain-derived upd/leptin may control differing features of weight regulation through distinct neural circuits.
Pulmonary Hypertension Care Center Network: Improving Care and Outcomes in Pulmonary Hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic, progressive, life-threatening disease that requires expert multidisciplinary care. To facilitate this level of care, the Pulmonary Hypertension Association established across the United States a network of pulmonary hypertension care centers (PHCCs) with special expertise in PH, particularly pulmonary arterial hypertension, to raise the overall quality of care and outcomes for patients with this life-threatening disease. Since the inception of PHCCs in September 2014, to date 35 centers have been accredited in the United States. This model of care brings together physicians and specialists from other disciplines to provide care, facilitate basic and clinical research, and educate the next generation of providers. PHCCs also offer additional opportunities for improvements in PH care. The patient registry offered through the PHCCs is an organized system by which data are collected to evaluate the outcomes of patients with PH. This registry helps in detecting variations in outcomes across centers, thus identifying opportunities for improvement. Multiple tactics were undertaken to implement the strategic plan, training, and tools throughout the PHCC network. In addition, strategies to foster collaboration between care center staff and individuals with PH and their families are the cornerstone of the PHCCs. The Pulmonary Vascular Network of the American College of Chest Physicians believes this to be a positive step that will improve the quality of care delivered in the United States to patients with PH.
Confounding factors in determining causal soil moisture-precipitation feedback

Identification of causal links in the land-atmosphere system is important for construction and testing of land surface and general circulation models. However, the land and atmosphere are highly coupled and linked by a vast number of complex, interdependent processes. Statistical methods, such as Granger causality, can help to identify feedbacks from observational data, independent of the different parameterizations of physical processes and spatiotemporal resolution effects that influence feedbacks in models. However, statistical causal identification methods can easily be misapplied, leading to erroneous conclusions about feedback strength and sign. Here, we discuss three factors that must be accounted for in determination of causal soil moisture-precipitation feedback in observations and model output: seasonal and interannual variability, precipitation persistence, and endogeneity. The effect of neglecting these factors is demonstrated in simulated and observational data. The results show that long timescale variability and precipitation persistence can have a substantial effect on detected soil moisture-precipitation feedback strength, while endogeneity has a smaller effect that is often masked by measurement error and thus is more likely to be an issue when analyzing model data or highly accurate observational data.
Mechanisms of allelic and clinical heterogeneity of lamin A/C phenotypes.

Mutations in the lamin A/C (LMNA) gene cause a broad range of clinical syndromes that show tissue-restricted abnormalities of post mitotic tissues, such as muscle, nerve, heart, and adipose tissue....
T-Cell Malignancies in Children and Adolescents: State of the Clinical and Biological Science

T-cell malignancies are neoplasms that arise from cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. They are rare in the Western hemisphere and more so in children and young adolescents. They exhibit tremendous clinical and molecular heterogeneity and can pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for the oncology community. The recent World Health Organization classification outlines over 20 distinct subtypes of T-cell malignancies. In this chapter we provide an in-depth overview of the state of the clinical and biological science of T-cell malignancies with a focus on the three most common subtypes, T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, and anaplastic large cell lymphoma.
Dynamic Modelling of Axial Flow Compression Systems

When an axial flow compression system goes unstable, the mode of response depends on the operating and system parameters. The nature of the flows which develop is of interest to both the engine designer and the designer of an engine control system. The lumped parameter model which has been developed by Moore and Greitzer has been shown to capture the essential physics of the problem. Applying bifurcation theory to a single-harmonic version of this model has supplied a complete picture of the parameter space, defining the parameter values for which each mode of response is stable. Specifically this is shown in a plot of Greitzer’s B parameter vs. throttle setting, which compares well with the corresponding map produced experimentally, suggesting that the model will be a useful tool for predicting compressor response.
Russell Ross 1929–1999

Russell Ross, a founder of contemporary vascular biology and a giant of atherosclerosis research, died in Seattle 18 March 1999 after a brief illness.
Controlling Substrate Coupling in Bulk P- Wafers

Bulk P- wafer CMOS and BiCMOS processes are the most common and inexpensive in use today. Typical resistivity is 10 ohm-cm and ties to substrate are required to be distributed across the chip to prevent latch-up. NMOS and Bipolar processes do not require distributed substrate ties for latch-up protection and thus have more freedom in controlling substrate noise. Logic families found in NMOS and Bipolar processes are generally less noisy than those found in CMOS processes. Some CMOS processes use p+ buried layers to relax the spacing requirements of substrate contacts to prevent latchup, but the treatment is essentially the same as for standard CMOS processes. Backside contacts are not sufficient to prevent against latch-up alone even when the chip is thinned to 200 microns thick.
Laboratory Assessment of Folate Status

Clinical situations in which folate deficiency should be suspected and clinical evidence of folate deficiency are described. Laboratory tests used to assess folate status are primarily based on the developing sequence of events in the peripheral blood and bone marrow, and include determinations of serum folate, neutrophil hypersegmentation, urinary excretion of metabolites, erythrocyte folate, macrocytosis, and megaloblastic changes in bone marrow. The deoxyuridine suppression test is especially valuable in defining the presence of megaloblastosis and in differentiating between folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies.
Dilemmas Adult Children Face in Discussing End-of-Life Care Preferences with Their Parents.

ABSTRACTThis study explored the perceived goals, barriers, and strategies that characterize family interactions about advance care planning (ACP), which is instrumental in guiding end-of-life care....
Hepatic Enzymes Relevant to the Disposition of (-)-∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Its Psychoactive Metabolite, 11-OH-THC.

Marijuana use by pregnant women is increasing. To predict developmental risk to the fetus/neonate from such use, in utero fetal exposure to (−)-∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive cannabinoid in marijuana and its active psychoactive metabolite, 11-hydroxy-∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC), needs to be determined. Since such measurement is not possible, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simulation can provide an alternative method to estimate fetal exposure to cannabinoids. To do so, pharmacokinetic parameters for the disposition of THC and 11-OH-THC need to be elucidated. Here, we report a first step to estimate these parameters, namely, those related to maternal metabolism of THC/11-OH-THC in human liver microsomes (HLMs) at plasma concentrations observed after smoking marijuana. Using recombinant cytochrome P450 (P450) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes, CYP1A1, 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4, 3A5, 3A7, and UGT1A9 and UGT2B7 were found to be involved in the disposition of THC/11-OH-THC. Using pooled HLMs, the fraction metabolized (fm) by relevant enzymes was measured using selective enzyme inhibitors, and then adjusted for enzyme cross-inhibition. As previously reported, CYP2C9 was the major enzyme responsible for depletion of THC and formation of 11-OH-THC with fm values of 0.82 ± 0.08 and 0.99 ± 0.10, respectively (mean ± S.D.), while CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 were minor contributors. 11-OH-THC was depleted by UGT and P450 enzymes with fm values of 0.60 ± 0.05 and 0.40 ± 0.05, respectively (mean ± S.D.), with UGT2B7, UGT1A9, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 as contributors. These mechanistic data represent the first set of drug-dependent parameters necessary to predict maternal-fetal cannabinoid exposure during pregnancy using PBPK modeling.
Explicitly Conditioned Melody Generation: A Case Study with Interdependent RNNs

Deep generative models for symbolic music are typically designed to model temporal dependencies in music so as to predict the next musical event given previous events. In many cases, such models are expected to learn abstract concepts such as harmony, meter, and rhythm from raw musical data without any additional information. In this study, we investigate the effects of explicitly conditioning deep generative models with musically relevant information. Specifically, we study the effects of four different conditioning inputs on the performance of a recurrent monophonic melody generation model. Several combinations of these conditioning inputs are used to train different model variants which are then evaluated using three objective evaluation paradigms across two genres of music. The results indicate musically relevant conditioning significantly improves learning and performance, and reveal how this information affects learning of musical features related to pitch and rhythm. An informal subjective evaluation suggests a corresponding improvement in the aesthetic quality of generations.
Response function generation for transmutation of Technetium-99 via high energy proton and neutron interactions in MCNP

Abstract This study provides a discretized transmutation rate response function that is consistent with the physics models used in MCNPX in order to circumvent a problem with reaction tallies not scoring in the model physics regime. This is used for the estimation of the transmutation rate of 99Tc in an accelerator driven system containing protons and spallation neutrons with energies up to 1500 MeV. To compute the interaction response function, a modeling construct consisting of a very small 99Tc target with a mono-directional neutron or proton source is used. The small size of the target allows attenuation and columbic energy loss to be ignored for the response function generation process. The transmutation rate responses for a total of 180 neutron energy bins ranging from 8.8 MeV to 1500 MeV and 120 proton energy bins ranging from 1 MeV to 1500 MeV are computed.
Digital Beamforming - A Retrospective

This paper summarizes the development of digital beamforming from its inception through today and provides some insights into its future. It highlights the contributions of Dr. Hans Steyskal in the early stages of digital beamforming development for radar applications.
Chapter 1 – Membranes

All biotechnologies involve cells at some level. Common biotechnologies entail communication or manipulation of cells, often by the delivery of drugs, signaling molecules, or other bioactive agents. In order for such agents to operate, interaction with the cell membrane will have to occur. The cell membrane separates the inside of the cell from the extracellular environment. Signals can cross the membrane either by traversing the membrane or by interacting with the extracellular face of the membrane and having the event indicated somehow on the cytoplasmic face of the cell. Before we deliver a drug or a signal to a cell, we should first understand what the cell membrane is. In this chapter, we will discuss the composition and function of the plasma membrane.
Pidginization and Creolization of Languages: Their Social Contexts

Sociolinguistic debates around the definitions and significance of “pidgin” and “creole” languages were increasing in the 1960s and the SSRC’s Committee on Sociolinguistics played a role in cultivating these discussions. This 1968 report by Dell Hymes summarizes issues raised at a conference convened by the Council at the University of the West Indies, Jamaica, to better understand the historical development, the grammatical and lexical evolutions, and the social uses of pidgin and creole languages. Though he highlights how social science can better inform research on pidginization and creolization, Hymes identifies knowledge gaps, among them the nature of the relationship between these languages and national identity, and more broadly the lack of historical and social scientific knowledge of this topic.
Abstract 2461: Targeting eIF4A3 as a multifunctional translation initiation factor for breast cancer therapy

eIF4A3 is a unique eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) with broad functions in the whole process of RNA metabolism, including mRNA splicing via exon junction complex (EJC), mRNA nuclear export, translation, and RNA surveillance through nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD). These post-transcriptional processes are highly involved in cancer development. However, the roles of eIF4A3 in cancers have not addressed. In this study, by analyzing a breast cancer patient database, we identified that the up-regulation of eIF4A3 is correlated with poor survival of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Overexpression of eIF4A3, along with other EJC components (Magoh, Y14 and CASC3), were observed in multiple TNBC cell lines as compared to human normal cells and mouse normal tissues. Knockdown of eIF4A3 by RNAi was found to strongly inhibit TNBC cell proliferation in vitro; down-regulation of endogenous eIF4A3 also suppressed tumor growth in a mouse model. Dominant negative eIF4A3 and an ATP-binding defective mutants inhibited TNBC cell growth in the clonogenic assay. Furthermore, TNBC cells were found to be more sensitive to eIF4A3-specific inhibitors than luminal A and B subtypes of breast cancer cells. Thus, our study elucidates a strong cancer-promoting activity of eIF4A3 in breast cancer growth at cellular and animal model levels, warranting a new strategy to target eIF4A3 for breast cancer therapy, especially for TNBC as the most difficult subtype to treat. Citation Format: Jun Ling, Allen Huang, Ai Ohno, Joe Chen, Maria Cavataio. Targeting eIF4A3 as a multifunctional translation initiation factor for breast cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2461.
Advanced characterization of static postural control dysfunction in persons with multiple sclerosis and associated neural mechanisms

Abstract Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-based chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the neurodegeneration of the central nervous system and produces postural dysfunction. Quiet or static standing is a complex task carried out through afferent sensory inputs and efferent postural corrective outputs. Currently the mechanisms underlying these outputs remain largely unknown. Research question Assess the relationship between multi-dimensional measures of postural control and microstructural integrity of the cortical sensorimotor pathway (CSP) in persons with MS (PwMS) and neurotypical adults. Methods Postural control performance was assessed by both overall and directional time-to-boundary measures across four manipulated sensory stance conditions (eyes open/closed; stance firm/foam) in twenty-nine neurotypical and twenty-seven PwMS. These postural outcomes were evaluated with mixed-model repeated measures analysis of variance across group (MS and control) and stance condition. Postural performance was also correlated with magnetic resonance imaging diffusion tensor-derived measures of microstructural integrity of the CSP. Results PwMS displayed significantly (p = 0.026) worse anterior-posterior postural control compared to their neurotypical counterparts across sensory testing conditions and poorer CSP microstructural integrity in comparison to neurotypical adults (p = 0.008). Additionally, PwMS displayed a significant association (2D (rho = -0.384, p = 0.048), AP (rho = -0.355, p = 0.035), and ML (rho = -0.365, p = 0.030) between integrity of the CSP and postural control performance during proprioceptive-based balance, such that those with worse cortical structure had poorer balance control. Significance This is the first study to establish connections between the microstructural integrity of the CSP and multi-dimensional postural control performance. Results indicate that a reduction in the CSP microstructural integrity is associated with poorer postural control in PwMS. These outcomes identify neural underpinnings of postural control dysfunction in PwMS and provide new avenues for evaluating the efficacy of postural rehabilitation strategies in PwMS that express proprioceptive-based postural deficits.
The Relationship Between Cortical Thickness and Semantic Fluency in Clinical and Pre-Clinical Alzheimer's Disease (P06.037)

OBJECTIVE: We examined the relationship between semantic fluency and cortical atrophy, to identify specific cortical regions that play a role in semantic fluency. BACKGROUND: Alzheimer9s disease is a progressive dementia characterized by declarative memory loss, language difficulties, and behavioral changes. Examining the associations between cortical atrophy and cognitive performance may help further elucidate the underpinnings of this disorder. DESIGN/METHODS: Structural magnetic resonance images (MRI) were collected from 9 Normal (NC), 40 Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and 10 probable AD subjects as part of the Alzheimer9s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Subjects were administered the Category Fluency (CF) animals and vegetables tests. A computational anatomy-based cortical thickness technique was applied to the MRI scans. Linear regression models were applied to detect associations between performance on the semantic fluency tests and cortical atrophy in each cerebral hemisphere. RESULTS: In the CF animals and vegetables tests, poorer semantic fluency was associated with bilateral cortical atrophy of the inferior parietal lobule (Brodmann areas (BA) 39 and 40) and BA 4 and 6 in the frontal lobe. More diffuse frontal associations were seen in the left hemisphere, involving BA 9, 10, 32, 44, 45, and 46. Additional cortical atrophy was seen in the temporoparietal (BA 37) and right peristriate (BA 19, 18) cortex. Associations were far more diffuse for the vegetable category than for the animal category. The permutation-corrected map-wise significance for CF animals was pcorrected=0.01 for the left hemisphere, and pcorrected=0.06 for the right hemisphere. The permutation-corrected map-wise significance for CF vegetables was pcorrected=0.009 for the left hemisphere, and pcorrected=0.03 for the right hemisphere. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate the profound effect of cortical atrophy on semantic fluency. Specifically, our results show that cortical atrophy in the frontal and temporoparietal regions, which have been previously implicated in tapping into semantic knowledge, negatively impacts semantic fluency. Supported by: Easton Consortium for Alzheimer Drug Discovery and Biomarkers NIA R01 AG040770, NIA P50 AG16570; and The Alzheimer9s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) NIA U01AG024904. Disclosure: Dr. Eastman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hwang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lazaris has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chow has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ramirez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Babakchanian has nothing to disclose. Dr. Woo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Thompson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Apostolova has received personal compensation for activities with Eli Lilly & Company as a speaker. Dr. Apostolova has received compensation from CODA.
Soil nutrient and nematode community changes in response to hardwood charcoal application

A one-time, large application of biochar (charcoal) could increase soil carbon (C) content and improve overall soil quality. It is known that nematodes have effects on soil organic matter and nutri...
Updates to the Regional Seismic Travel Time (RSTT) Model: 2. Path-dependent Travel-time Uncertainty

The regional seismic travel time (RSTT) model and software were developed to improve travel-time prediction accuracy by accounting for three-dimensional crust and upper mantle structure. Travel-time uncertainty estimates are used in the process of associating seismic phases to events and to accurately calculate location uncertainty bounds (i.e. event location error ellipses). We improve on the current distance-dependent uncertainty parameterization for RSTT using a random effects model to estimate slowness (inverse velocity) uncertainty as a mean squared error for each model parameter. The random effects model separates the error between observed slowness and model predicted slowness into bias and random components. The path-specific travel-time uncertainty is calculated by integrating these mean squared errors along a seismic-phase ray path. We demonstrate that event location error ellipses computed for a 90% coverage ellipse metric (used by the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization International Data Centre (IDC)), and using the path-specific travel-time uncertainty approach, are more representative (median 82.5% ellipse percentage) of true location error than error ellipses computed using distance-dependent travel-time uncertainties (median 70.1%). We also demonstrate measurable improvement in location uncertainties using the RSTT method compared to the current station correction approach used at the IDC (median 74.3% coverage ellipse).
Mass and density of individual frozen hydrometeors

Abstract. A new precipitation sensor, the Differential Emissivity Imaging Disdrometer (DEID), is used to provide the first continuous measurements of the mass, diameter, and density of individual hydrometeors. The DEID consists of an infrared camera pointed at a heated aluminum plate. It exploits the contrasting thermal emissivity of water and metal to determine individual particle mass by assuming that energy is conserved during the transfer of heat from the plate to the particle during evaporation. Particle density is determined from a combination of particle mass and morphology. A Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera (MASC) was deployed alongside the DEID to provide refined imagery of particle size and shape. Broad consistency is found between derived mass–diameter and density–diameter relationships and those obtained in prior studies. However, DEID measurements show a generally weaker dependence with size for hydrometeor density and a stronger dependence for aggregate snowflake mass.
The Textualization of the Greek Alphabet

In this book, Roger D. Woodard argues that when the Greeks first began to use the alphabet, they viewed themselves as participants in a performance phenomenon conceptually modeled on the performances of the oral poets. Since a time older than Greek antiquity, the oral poets of Indo-European tradition had been called 'weavers of words' - their extemporaneous performance of poetry was 'word weaving'. With the arrival of the new technology of the alphabet and the onset of Greek literacy, the very act of producing written symbols was interpreted as a comparable performance activity, albeit one in which almost everyone could participate, not only the select few. It was this new conceptualization of and participation in performance activity by the masses that eventually, or perhaps quickly, resulted in the demise of oral composition in performance in Greece. In conjunction with this investigation, Woodard analyzes a set of copper plaques inscribed with repeated alphabetic series and a line of what he interprets to be text, which attests to this archaic Greek conceptualization of the performance of symbol crafting.
Oracle: developer/2000 handbook

第１部 アプリケーションを構築する（Ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｒ／２０００について；部品をまとめる；開発プロセス） 第２部 プロトタイプ作成と設計（ＷＹＳＩＷＹＧ；プロトタイプ作成 ほか） 第３部 インプリメント・テスト・デバッグ（本格的プログラミング；スーパー・プログラマー ほか） 第４部 アプリケーションの配備（（アプリケーションを）出荷した後の保守；独りぼっちではない…）
In-vivo measurements of force and humeral movement during inferior glenohumeral mobilizations.

Abstract Background Inferior joint mobilization has been proposed as an assessment technique and an intervention for individuals with shoulder dysfunctions. While such techniques are common, few quantitative in vivo measures of manual movement of the humeral head have been reported. Objective The purpose of this study was to measure in vivo inferior translational movements occurring in the glenohumeral joint during manual mobilization techniques and to determine the intratester reliability of those inferior translational movements. Design Cross sectional reliability study. Methods Twenty three healthy volunteers participated. Subjects were positioned supine with the shoulder in 55 degrees of abduction and 30 degrees of horizontal adduction. Visualizing the humeral head and the acromion, ultrasound images of the superior aspect of the glenohumeral joint were taken with the arm at rest and as an examiner applied a grade 1, a grade 2 and a grade 3 inferior mobilization. This process was repeated three times on each shoulder. Humeral head position was measured in reference to the superior aspect of the acromion and the amount of inferior movement determined by the distance the humeral head moved from the rest position. Results The mean differences between the rest position and a grade 1, a grade 2 and a grade 3 mobilization were 0.96 mm, 2.44 mm and 3.64 mm respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for movements were moderate for grade one (ICC = 0.681) and good for grade 2 (0.889) and grade 3(0.898). Conclusions Results support the ability of one examiner to reliably reproduce three different grades of inferior mobilization.
The immunological properties of pyruvate kinase. II. The relationship of the human erythrocyte isozyme to the human liver isozymes.

Abstract We have examined the hypothesis that the human erythrocyte isozyme of pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) is a hybrid of the two isozymes present in liver. Rabbit antiserum against purified human erythrocyte pyruvate kinase inactivates the erythrocyte isozyme and the major liver isozyme from human tissue but does not inactivate the minor liver isozyme. The electrophoetic mobilities of the erythrocyte and major liver isozymes are altered by anti-erythrocyte enzyme antibody while the mobility of the minor liver isozyme is unaffected. Gel diffusion analysis indicates cross-reactivity between the erythrocyte and major liver isozyme but no cross-reactivity with the minor liver isozyme. The hybrid hypothesis would predict cross-reactivity including changes in activity and mobility of all isozymes and we conclude, therefore, that the hypothesis is incorrect.