cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Limb Lengthening and Then Insertion of an Intramedullary Nail: A Case-matched Comparison

Distraction osteogenesis is an effective method for lengthening, deformity correction, and treatment of nonunions and bone defects. The classic method uses an external fixator for both distraction and consolidation leading to lengthy times in frames and there is a risk of refracture after frame removal. We suggest a new technique: lengthening and then nailing (LATN) technique in which the frame is used for gradual distraction and then a reamed intramedullary nail inserted to support the bone during the consolidation phase, allowing early removal of the external fixator. We performed a retrospective case-matched comparison of patients lengthened with LATN (39 limbs in 27 patients) technique versus the classic (34 limbs in 27 patients). The LATN group wore the external fixator for less time than the classic group (12 versus 29 weeks). The LATN group had a lower external fixation index (0.5 versus 1.9) and a lower bone healing index (0.8 versus 1.9) than the classic group. LATN confers advantages over the classic method including shorter times needed in external fixation, quicker bone healing, and protection against refracture. There are also advantages over the lengthening over a nail and internal lengthening nail techniques.
Media coverage of pediatric environmental health risks and its effects on mothers' protective behaviors

This study explores the relationship between exposure to U.S. media coverage of chemical threats to pediatric environmental health and mothers' behaviors to protect their children. Prior content analytic work revealed that media coverage volume from September 2012 to February 2013 differed significantly by type of chemical (i.e., pesticides = high coverage volume; bisphenol A [BPA] = moderate; and arsenic = low). Survey data collected from new and expecting mothers in March 2013 (n = 822) revealed mothers incidentally encountered-or scanned-this information in the media in the prior six months, and after adjusting for a series of potential confounders, such scanning was positively associated with mothers' self-reported behaviors to reduce chemical exposures. To test the hypothesis that coverage volume moderates the relationship between scanning and behavior, content analysis and survey data were combined in mixed effects regression analyses. Results showed significant differences between the effects of media scanning at different levels of coverage volume, but in a direction not entirely consistent with the study's hypothesis. The relationship between scanning and behavior was strongest for BPA, suggesting that a characteristic of media coverage other than volume may drive maternal responses to environmental health threats. Implications of these findings for risk communication research and practice are discussed.
A study of prefix hijacking and interception in the internet

There have been many incidents of prefix hijacking in the Internet. The hijacking AS can blackhole the hijacked traffic. Alternatively, it can transparently intercept the hijacked traffic by forwarding it onto the owner. This paper presents a study of such prefix hijacking and interception with the following contributions: (1). We present a methodology for prefix interception, (2). We estimate the fraction of traffic to any prefix that can be hijacked and intercepted in the Internet today, (3). The interception methodology is implemented and used to intercept real traffic to our prefix, (4). We conduct a detailed study to detect ongoing prefix interception.We find that: Our hijacking estimates are in line with the impact of past hijacking incidents and show that ASes higher up in the routing hierarchy can hijack a significant amount of traffic to any prefix, including popular prefixes. A less apparent result is that the same holds for prefix interception too. Further, our implementation shows that intercepting traffic to a prefix in the Internet is almost as simple as hijacking it. Finally, while we fail to detect ongoing prefix interception, the detection exercise highlights some of the challenges posed by the prefix interception problem.
Very high radiance edge-emitting LED

In this paper we describe a new light-emitting diode (LED) whose radiance is 1000 W/cm2sr, an order of magnitude higher than any previous LED. The LED is an (AlGa)As double-heterojunction edge-emitting structure. This structure acts as a waveguide for the internally generated light, and with appropriate Al concentration difference at the heterojunctions ( \Deltax \approx 0.3 ) and active region width (∼500A), the radiation pattern perpendicular to the junction can be less than 30° (FWHM). For fiber-optic communications this LED is capable of coupling 850 μw, at a coupling loss of only -10 dB into a 0.14-numerical-aperture (NA), 90-μm-diam low-loss fiber. The LED is capable of being directly modulated at 250 MHz and has a spectral width of less than 300 A.
Turbine inlet cooling with thermal energy storage

SUMMARY Turbine inlet cooling (TIC) is a common technology used to increase combustion turbine power output and efficiency. The use of mechanical or absorption chillers for TIC allows for more air cooling than evaporative methods and also imposes a significant parasitic load to the turbine. Thermal energy storage (TES) can be used to shift this load to off-peak hours. Use of thermal storage increases the flexibility of turbine power output, which benefits from the application of optimization tools. This paper explores the effect of combining TIC with TES to enhance the performance of a district cooling system that includes a gas turbine for power generation. The work illustrates how the system's performance can be enhanced using optimization. Application of multi-period optimization to the system that includes TES brings significant operational cost savings when compared with a system without thermal storage. It is also shown how TES provides demand-side energy management in the district cooling loop and supply-side management through the use of TIC. In addition to the optimization study, a thorough literature review is included that describes the current body of work on combining TIC with TES. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of seismological evasionPart I. General discussion of various evasion schemes

The seismological aspects of various proposed means of obscuring or hiding the seismic signatures of explosions from a surveillance network are discussed. These so-called evasion schemes are discussed from the points of view of both the evader and the monitor. The analysis is conducted in terms of the USSR since that country is so vast and its geological and geophysical complexities are so great that the complete spectrum of hypothesized evasion schemes requires discussion. This part of the paper (Part I) is a general discussion of the evasion schemes, placing the concepts within the reality of general factors influencing effective use of the techniques. Part III will describe techniques appropriate for use when the noise problem is the P and surface-wave codas of earthquakes, and will give analyses of capabilities of several seismological networks to restrain use of such codas for effective evasion.
Sequential vs simultaneous stochastic segmentation

In past work, the Metropolis Algorithm along with Gibbs priors was used to successfully segment two-dimensional noisy gray images into a small finite number of labels. In applications where a clean signal is to be extracted from a noisy signal in real-time, the need for sequential segmentation arises. Here, we examine the success of using a column-sequential segmentation algorithm using the Metropolis Algorithm with Gibbs priors, and compare it to the column-simultaneous algorithm. What makes column-sequential algorithms harder than column-simultaneous algorithms is the lack of knowledge of pixel values to the right of the current column. Despite this difficulty, the column-sequential algorithm proposed here does relatively well. We conclude the paper with a discussion of methodologies that might further improve the quality of the column-sequential segmentation algorithms.
Inhibition of the release of pituitary ovulatory hormone in the rat by morphine.

AMENORRHEA and sterility are frequent accompaniments of morphine addiction in the human female (Menninger-Lerchenthal, 1934; Pescor, 1938). The mechanisms by which these effects are induced, however, are not clearly understood. In experimental animals results are contradictory. Myers and Flynn (1928, 1931) failed to observe any disturbance of estrous cycles, ovulation or fertility despite 132 days of chronic morphine treatment in rats, and their results were confirmed by Forster (1928). In contrast, treatment of mice daily for a two-month period with morphine has been reported to suppress estrus and induce atrophy of the ovary and uterus (Ko, 1934). Similar observations were noted in the rabbit (Bun, 1937). The finding by Everett and Sawyer (1950) that “spontaneous” ovulation in the rat involves a neurogenic timing factor with a 24-hour rhythmicity offers a new approach to the study of the control of ovulation.
Knowledge, Responsibilities, and Training Needs of Paraprofessionals in Elementary and Secondary Schools

The authors queried 313 paraprofessionals working in 77 elementary, middle, and high schools about (a) the contexts within which they support students with disabilities, (b) their knowledge about core competencies in educating these students, (c) the job-related tasks they perform most frequently, (d) their perceived ability to perform these tasks effectively, and (e) their need for further training across these knowledge and task areas. The authors found that paraprofessionals worked with a broad range of students in multiple types of classrooms within varied instructional contexts. Although most reported moderate levels of understanding across core knowledge standards, paraprofessionals articulated additional training needs in each area. In light of recent initiatives focused on increasing the quality of the special education workforce, recommendations for future research and improved practice in this area are provided.
Ester-free thiol-ene dental restoratives--Part A: Resin development.

Abstract Objectives To detail the development of ester-free thiol–ene dental resins with enhanced mechanical performance, limited potential for water uptake/leachables/degradation and low polymerization shrinkage stress. Methods Thiol-terminated oligomers were prepared via a thiol–Michael reaction and a bulky tetra-allyl monomer containing urethane linkages was synthesized. The experimental oligomers and/or monomers were photopolymerized using visible light activation. Several thiol–ene formulations were investigated and their performance ranked by comparisons of the thermo-mechanical properties, polymerization shrinkage stress, water sorption/solubility, and reactivity with respect to a control comprising a conventional BisGMA/TEGDMA dental resin. Results The ester-free thiol–ene formulations had significantly lower viscosities, water sorption and solubility than the BisGMA/TEGDMA control. Depending on the resin, the limiting functional conversions were equivalent to or greater than that of BisGMA/TEGDMA. At comparable conversions, lower shrinkage stress values were achieved by the thiol–ene systems. The polymerization shrinkage stress was dramatically reduced when the tetra-allyl monomer was used as the ene in ester-free thiol–ene mixtures. Although exhibiting lower Young's modulus, flexural strength, and glass transition temperatures, the toughness values associated with thiol–ene resins were greater than that of the BisGMA/TEGDMA control. In addition, the thiol–ene polymerization resulted in highly uniform polymer networks as indicated by the narrow tan delta peak widths. Significance Employing the developed thiol–ene resins in dental composites will reduce shrinkage stress and moisture absorption and form tougher materials. Furthermore, their low viscosities are expected to enable higher loadings of functionalized micro/nano-scale filler particles relevant for practical dental systems.
N 3 ASICs: Designing nanofabrics with fine-grained CMOS integration

We propose a novel nanofabric approach that mixes unconventional nanomanufacturing with CMOS manufacturing flow and design rules in order to build a reliable nanowire-CMOS fabric called N3ASIC with no new manufacturing constraints added. Active devices are formed on a dense uniform semiconductor nanowire array and standard area distributed pins/vias; metal interconnects route the signals in 3D. CMOS design rules are followed. Novel nanowire based devices are envisioned and characterized based on 3D physics modeling. Overall N3ASIC fabric design, associated circuits, interconnection approach, and a layer-by-layer assembly sequence for the fabric are introduced. Key system level metrics such as power, performance, and density for a nanoprocessor design built using N3ASICs were evaluated and compared against a functionally equivalent CMOS design synthesized with state-of-the-art CAD tools. We show that the N3ASICs version of the processor is 3X denser and 5X more power efficient for a comparable performance than the 16-nm scaled CMOS version even without any new/unknown-manufacturing requirement added.
Cigar, Cigarillo, and Little Cigar Use Among Current Cigarette-Smoking Adolescents

Introduction Cigar, cigarillo, and little cigar (CCLC) use is prevalent among adolescents, particularly among those who smoke cigarettes. Methods Using data from a longitudinal study of smoking patterns among adolescents, we examined differences between CCLC users (ever and past 30 days) and nonusers (never and not in the past 30 days) among adolescents who smoked a cigarette in the last month (n = 486). Results In our sample, 76.7% reported ever trying CCLC and 40.7% reported past month CCLC use. Bivariate analyses showed that CCLC users differed from nonusers in terms of demographics, other forms of tobacco use, other substance use, and mental health. Multivariate logistic regression analyses found that both ever and past 30-day CCLC use were strongly associated with being male and concurrent use of hookah. Ever CCLC use was also strongly associated with recent use of alcohol, and past 30-day CCLC use was strongly associated with antisocial behavior. After controlling for the number of days on which cigarettes were smoked in the past 30 days, past 30-day CCLC use was associated with most other forms of tobacco use, other substance use, and mental health, but not with number of cigarettes smoked in the past month and nicotine dependence. Conclusions Results suggest that CCLC use is high among adolescent cigarette users and is associated with a variety of negative correlates. Importantly, many of these relationships are not accounted for by the adolescent's level of cigarette use. Further characterizing CCLC use will be important for developing more targeted and tailored interventions.
Towards Adequate Knowledge and Natural Inference

Our approach to mind-design derives from the view of language as a mirror of mind ‐ a view compatible with the linguistic orientation of the Turing Test, and more concretely, with the remarkably tight coupling between linguistic structure and semantic entailment demonstrated by Richard Montague. Additional evidence for the power of this perspective comes from recent work in Natural Logic (NLog), in a sense a method of “reading off” certain obvious inferences directly from linguistic structure. Thus much of our past emphasis has been on developing a knowledge representation, Episodic Logic (EL), matching the expressivity of language, and inference machinery for this representation. More recently we have been striving to create broad bases of general world knowledge and lexical knowledge, while also adapting the latest version of our EPILOG inference engine to the kinds of obvious inferences that are the forte of NLog. At this point our knowledge collections range from sets of a few dozen core lexical axioms to millions of general “factoids” and quantified axioms derived from many of these, all expressed in EL. At the same time we have shown that EPILOG easily handles NLog-like inferences as well as ones beyond the scope of NLog.
Proctectomy and Rectopexy: Hybrid Robotic Approach

Due to advances in technology and surgical technique, the da Vinci robot has become increasingly relevant in the field of colorectal surgery. This approach is particularly applicable to the technical challenges of pelvic dissection, which require precise movements in a confined space. Improved visualization can lead to lower conversion rate to open surgery, fewer complications, and shorter hospital stay (Baik et al., Ann Surg Oncol 16(6):1480–1487, 2009). This chapter will review the operative techniques of a hybrid robotic-assisted low anterior resection, abdominoperineal resection, and rectopexy.
Oxygen transport resistance at gas diffusion layer – Air channel interface with film flow of water in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Abstract Water present as films on the gas diffusion layer-air channel interface in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) alters the oxygen transport resistance, which is expressed through Sherwood number (Sh). The effect of multiple films along the flow length on Sh is investigated through 3D and stationary simulations. The effects of air Peclet number, non-dimensional film width, length, and spacing are studied. Using the simulation results, non-dimensional correlations are developed for local Sh within a mean absolute percentage error of 9%. These correlations can be used for simulating PEMFC performance over temperature and relative humidity ranges of 20–80 °C and 0–100%, respectively. Sh on the film side can be up to 31% lower than that for a dry channel, while a film may reduce the interfacial width by up to 39%. The corresponding increase in transport resistance results in lowering the voltage by 5 and 8 mV respectively at a current density of 1.5 A cm−2. However, their combined effect leads to a voltage loss of 20 mV due to this additional mass transport resistance. It is therefore important to incorporate the additional resistance introduced by the films while modeling fuel cell performance.
The Neurological Examination and Testing

Knowledge of the neurological examination and associated testing will help the clinician, whether a genetic counselor or physician, to efficiently scan medical records to find clues to a genetic diagnosis. This search can help narrow the differential diagnosis and avoid redundant and expensive testing. Additionally, the patient visit will then be more productive, and allow extra clinical time for other services to the patient and family, such as education, counseling, and plan of care.
A dimension-reduction framework for human behavioral time series data

Human-machine interaction has become one of the most active research areas, and influenced several new paradigms of computing such as Social computing, Mobile computing, and Pervasive/Ubiquitous computing, which are typically concerned with the study of human user's behavior to facilitate behavioral modeling and prediction. Human behavioral data are usually high-dimensional time series, which need dimensionreduction strategies to improve the efficiency of computation and indexing. In this paper, we present a dimension-reduction framework for human behavioral time series. Generally, recent behavioral data are much more interesting and significant in understanding and predicting human behavior than old ones. Our basic idea is to reduce to data dimensionality by keeping more detail on recent behavioral data and less detail on older data. We distinguish our work from other recent-biased dimension-reduction techniques by emphasizing on recent-behavioral data and not just recent data. We experimentally evaluate our approach with synthetic data as well as real data. Experimental results show that our approach is accurate and effective as it outperforms other well-known techniques.
High Quality Deposition of SiO2 Downstream from a Microwave Discharge

High quality stoichiometric silicon dioxide films have been deposited on silicon substrates at low pressure(1.0Torr) and low temperatures(≤ 350C) downstream and at a right angle to a microwave discharge. The deposition was accomplished by injecting 2% SiH4 in helium downstream of a N20 microwave generated discharge. Infrared spectroscopic analysis has determined that no detectable SiH, SiOH, Si-H2o or SiN chemical complexes were present in any films deposited at temperatures above 250C. Rutherford Backscattering and Forward Scattering Detection Spectroscopy were used to determine the elemental composition and hydrogen concentration in the films, respectively. The thick films were found to be stoichiometric with no detectable elemental impurities. The measured hydrogen concentration in the thin films was comparable to that measured in thermally grown Si0 2 of approximately the same thickness. The quality of the thin oxides(<30nm) has been determined by fabricating MOS devices from the Si-Si0 2 system.
Abstract A32: Proteomic signatures of deoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid treated human colon cancer cells

A32 Dietary factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC), due in part to the influence of the bile acids. While the secondary bile acid, deoxycholic acid (DCA), has been associated with tumor promotion, one tertiary bile acid in particular, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), has been demonstrated to exert chemopreventive properties in the colon. Although its efficacy against high-grade adenomas has already been demonstrated in phase III clinical trials, mechanisms by which UDCA suppresses colon tumorigenesis remain unclear. In order to gain further insight into the tumor modifying properties of the bile acids, we compared the effects of DCA and UDCA on human colon tumor cells (CaCo-2) using proteomic analyses. In the following study, CaCo-2 cells grown at 70% confluence were treated with either 10 µM deoxycholic acid (DCA) or 1 mM ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) for 72 hours. For the proteomic analysis, protein was first fractionated by PF2D isochromatofocusing on a Beckman Coulter ProteomeLab PF2D platform. Fractions corresponding to a linear gradient between pH 8.0 and 4.0 were collected and processed through an automated autoloader for further separation by HPRP-PF2D reverse phase chromatography. Two dimensional protein expression maps displaying isoelectric point (pI) versus hydrophobicity were generated by the ProteoView/DeltaVue software package. Pairwise analysis of these complex protein chromatograms demonstrated common peak profiles (signatures) as well as unique peaks (fingerprints) characteristic of UDCA or DCA treatment. One of these protein peaks that exhibited a differential expression pattern between the two drug treatments was identified by MALDI and tandem mass spectrometry sequencing as heat-shock protein 60 (Hsp60). Furthermore, this protein was found to be less oxidized upon treatment with UDCA, suggesting the attenuation of oxidative stress present in cancer cells. Further analyses on the role of Hsp60 as well as resultant diminished oxidative stress will enable the discovery of potential mechanisms by which DCA and UDCA control cellular pathways. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):A32.
Erythropoietin and the anaemia of chronic disease

The anaemia of chronic disease is the second most common anaemia in the world and is an underproduction anaemia with relatively low erythropoietin (EPO) values for the degree of the anaemia. This anaemia occurs with inflammation, infection, or malignancy and a principle question has been whether it would respond to recombinant human EPO (r-HuEPO). Several studies are now available to answer this question. In one study 12 of 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving r-HuEPO increased their haematocrits 6 percentage points or more and 11 of 12 reached normal haematocrits. Investigations of the effect of r-HuEPO on the anaemia of AIDS showed that patients with EPO levels of 500 U/L or less had an increase in the mean haematocrit of 4.6 percentage points with a decrease in red cell transfusions from 5.3 to 3.2 units per patient. Quality of life indices significantly improved in responders. When 413 patients with anaemia due to a wide variety of malignancies were randomized to r-HuEPO treatment, 58% of those receiving chemotherapy increased their haematocrits by at least 6 points over 12 weeks. Quality of life parameters of responders also significantly improved. Anaemia in three patients with inflammatory bowel disease also responded in 8-14 weeks to r-HuEPO and two of the three reached normal haemoglobin levels. It is clear that r-HuEPO can correct the anaemia of chronic disease and can improve the quality of life of responders.
Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of free long-chain aldehydes

Quantitative results are reported for gas-liquid chromatography of mixtures of free tetra-, hexa-, and octadecanals and cis-9-octadecenal on polar and nonpolar liquid phases. Stability of the fatty aldehydes during chromatographic analysis and up to 1 year of storage appears to be related to the solvent (carbon disulfide) used. Analysis of the free aldehydes by gas-liquid chromatography eliminates the disadvantages associated with the preparation and analysis of derivatives for this lipid class.
Blood Specimen in Fully Automatic Blood Culture System Discussed the Clinical Application

Objective:Through the blood sample in fully automatic blood culture system training results,this paper discusses the automatic blood culture system in blood infection of microbial species composition and the clinical application value.Methods:Using BD9120 automatic blood culture system testing of 7289 blood specimens,the detection positive time,positive rate and false positive and false negative and bacteria species evaluation analysis.Results:Blood sample fastest positive detection time is 2.13 h,in 12 h,24 h,48 h,72 h positive detection rate were 37.7%,61.0%,82.1%,96.3%.False positive rate was 1.0%,the false negative rate was 0.2%.Separate the 19 genera and 19 species,a total of 1126 strains of pathogenic microorganism,positive rate was 15.4%,among which gram positive cocci 632 strains(56.1%),gram negative bacilli 326(29.0%) accounted for 85.1% of the total prevalence rate.Conclusions:Fully automatic blood culture system to improve the clinical application of the pathogen detection of positive rate,shorten the positive detection time,detection more kinds of bacteria for sepsis and the diagnosis and treatment of severe infection provides a rapid and accurate diagnosis basis.
Multiscale perspectives of fire, climate and humans in western North America and the Jemez Mountains, USA

Interannual climate variations have been important drivers of wildfire occurrence in ponderosa pine forests across western North America for at least 400 years, but at finer scales of mountain ranges and landscapes human land uses sometimes over-rode climate influences. We reconstruct and analyse effects of high human population densities in forests of the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico from ca 1300 CE to Present. Prior to the 1680 Pueblo Revolt, human land uses reduced the occurrence of widespread fires while simultaneously adding more ignitions resulting in many small-extent fires. During the 18th and 19th centuries, wet/dry oscillations and their effects on fuels dynamics controlled widespread fire occurrence. In the late 19th century, intensive livestock grazing disrupted fuels continuity and fire spread and then active fire suppression maintained the absence of widespread surface fires during most of the 20th century. The abundance and continuity of fuels is the most important controlling variable in fire regimes of these semi-arid forests. Reduction of widespread fires owing to reduction of fuel continuity emerges as a hallmark of extensive human impacts on past forests and fire regimes. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The interaction of fire and mankind’.
Body image mediates the depressive effects of weight gain in new mothers, particularly for women already obese: evidence from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study

Multiple studies show that obesity and depression tend to cluster in women. An “appearance concern” pathway has been proposed as one basic explanation of why higher weights might lead to depression. The transition to motherhood is a life phase in which women’s body image, weight, and depressive risk are in flux, with average weight increasing overall during this period. Examination of how these factors interact from pre- to post-pregnancy provides a means to test how body image plays a key role, as proposed, in causally shaping women’s depressive risk. Tracking 39,915 pregnant women in the Norwegian Mother and Child (MoBA) Cohort Study forward 36 months after their deliveries, we test the moderating and mediating effects of body image concerns on the emergence of new mothers’ depressive symptoms by using a binary logistic regression model with a discrete-time event history approach and mediation analysis with bootstrapping. For women with high pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), weight gain heightens their depressive symptoms over time. Body image concerns mediate the association between weight gain and the development of depressive symptoms regardless of weight status. However, the mediation effect is more evident for women with higher pre-pregnancy BMI. Conversely, better body image is highly protective against the transition to mild or more severe depressive symptoms among new mothers, but only for women who were not classified as obese prior to their pregnancies. These findings support a role for body image concerns in the etiology of depressive symptoms during the transition to motherhood. The findings suggest body image interventions before or during pregnancy could help reduce risks of depression in the early postpartum period and well beyond.
Globographic analysis of human posture

For this study, “posture” was defined as a completely static state. Two samples of data were analyzed. One was a collection of photographs showing people taking relaxed poses under a variety of environmental circumstances. The other was a collection of photographs of two subjects taking expressive poses under three specified conditions: standing, posing on a chair, and posing on the floor. The postures were analyzed by use of the globographic method to quantify and describe the spatial configurations of the limbs. The purpose of the study was to discover the structuring principles that people use to compose their postural displays.
Laboratorios de la historia. Los centros sociales como productores de cultura política en la España contemporánea (1997–2015)

RESUMENEste trabajo plantea simultaneamente una teorizacion y una historizacion de la “forma centro social” y de su importancia politico-cultural en la Espana de las ultimas decadas, a traves del estudio de la trayectoria de cuatro centros sociales y practicas de ocupacion: el Laboratorio (Madrid, 1997–2003), Patio Maravillas (Madrid, 2007-), Ateneu Candela (Terrassa, 2006-) y las Corralas (Sevilla). A traves del analisis de experiencias concretas (elaborado a partir de entrevistas conducidas con participantes en aquellas), este trabajo trata de apuntar la importancia del centro social respecto a dos cuestiones. En primer lugar, el centro social como punto de entrada para el analisis de transformaciones sociales desplegadas en Espana desde los anos noventa en adelante, como la configuracion del espacio urbano - de acuerdo a criterios de espacializacion neoliberales- y las transformaciones en la composicion social de la sociedad espanola en el mismo periodo. Ambas cuestiones impactan asimismo en la composi...
Infrared measurement of the temperature at the tool–chip interface while machining Ti–6Al–4V

Abstract The challenges associated with machining titanium alloys (e.g., Ti–6Al–4V) are directly related to high cutting tool temperatures due to the low thermal conductivity of these alloys and the heat generated in the primary shear zone and at the tool–chip interface. Transparent yittrium aluminum garnet (YAG) tools are used in the current study to orthogonally machine a Ti–6Al–4V disk. Although YAG tools are not industrially relevant, they permit the temperature on the tool–chip interface to be measured. These measurements are relevant because they can be used to validate cutting models, which are in-turn used by industry to improve cutting processes. An infrared camera, using a high frame rate (700 Hz) and a large field of view (20 mm2), observes the tool–chip interface through these tools and measures the temperature distribution and records the chip curl and breakage while cutting with a feed rate of 50 μm/rev and cutting speeds between 20 m/min and 100 m/min. In addition to the temperature measurements, cutting forces are recorded and the chip formation is documented using a high-speed (3 kHz) visible-light camera. Results show that radiant temperature increases with speed while the cutting and thrust forces show no significant trend. Analysis of the temperature distribution from one edge of the chip to the other reveals differences from 6 % to 21 %, indicating that caution must be used when performing thermographic measurements of chip temperatures from the side of the cutting zone. Finally, post process measurements are performed using a scanning white-light interferometer to investigate any correlation between the tool condition and cutting temperature. Although the qualitative analysis of some cases appears to reveal a correlation between the condition of the YAG tool and the measured temperature distribution, further work work is required to understand this relationship.
On stock trading using a controller with delay: The Robust Positive Expectation Property

This paper is part of a new line of research involving the use of a model-free controller to trade stock. The main result is a discrete-time version of the so-called Robust Positive Expectation Theorem which includes delay in the controller. To date, no results in the literature are available for this delay case. Motivated by robustness considerations and consistent with existing work, neither modelling nor identification of the stock price dynamics is involved. The time-varying investment level is generated using a “hard-wired” feedback controller which processes cumulative gains and losses. While this paper addresses discrete time, it is noted that the results also apply to high-frequency trading since the discretization interval Δt is allowed to be arbitrarily small.
Acquired Hemophilia After a Spider Bite

Abstract 4637 A 59 year old white female with no history of bleeding diathesis presented with swelling of her left forearm two days after a brown recluse spider bite. Hematology was consulted for uncontrolled bleeding from the fasciotomy site after compartment syndrome. The hand surgeons did not see any vascular abnormality at the site of surgery. Due to ongoing bleeding for days from the surgical site, she required 8 PRBCs, 6 FFPs and 6 apheresis platelets units. PT, PTT, and platelet count were normal, ristocetin cofactor was 339% and vWF antigen 306% and vW Factor VIII binding capacity was normal. Her platelet functional assay was normal. Factor levels of II, V, VII, XI, X, XI and lupus anticoagulant were all with in normal range. A Bethesda assay however showed a low titer of antibody against factor VIII (1.25 BU). Factor VIII was low at 6% and remained low at 16% with no significant response to recombinant factor VIII.The bleeding however responded well to recombinant factor VIIa. She was maintained on high dose steroids for few months and tapered. She eventually had a skin graft to the site of injury and is now followed in our hemophilia clinic with no further bleeding complications. To our knowledge only one case of spider bite resulting in factor VIII inhibitor has been documented in the literature. We hypothesize that direct antigenic stimulation by spider venom can transiently develop factor VIII inhibitor in individuals. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Performance Assessment in Complex Engineering Projects Using a System-of-Systems Framework

In this paper, a system-of-systems (SoS) framework is proposed for bottom-up assessment of complex engineering projects. Two principles of SoS analysis (i.e., base-level abstraction and multilevel aggregation) are used to develop the proposed framework. At the base level, complex engineering projects are abstracted as various entities (i.e., human agents, resources, and information) whose attributes and interactions influence the dynamic behaviors of project systems. The performance of project systems at higher levels (i.e., activity level, process level, and project level) is then determined by aggregating entities at the levels below. Through the use of the proposed SoS framework, new dimensions of analysis for better understanding of the performance of engineering projects were explored. One application example of the proposed framework was demonstrated in a case study of a complex construction project. The findings highlight the capability of the proposed framework in providing a novel approach for bottom-up assessment of performance in engineering projects.
On the radicality of New York’s Reforming the Energy Vision

Abstract In his article ‘The REVolution Yields to a More Familiar Path,’ Dr. Makholm argues that the New York commission’s REV efforts are misguided because the traditional regulatory framework is efficient and well developed. Looking to the entire set of REV dockets, this article argues that the REV is attempting to overcome deeply entrenched incumbency advantages and is therefore both ‘radical’ and necessary to the successful transition to a clean, distributed energy infrastructure.
Hayek, Thatcher, and the Muddle of the Middle

This chapter provides a detailed examination of one of Hayek’s rather less well-known forays into macroeconomic controversy: in particular, the policy advice which Hayek gave to Margaret Thatcher in early 1982. Hayek urged her to pay much heed to the way in which the Pinochet junta had speedily restructured the Chilean economy in the 1970s and early 1980s. There is much speculation about what particular aspects of Chilean social and economic policy Hayek may have urged Thatcher to adopt in Britain—this chapter addresses this aspect of Hayek and Thatcher’s early-1980s correspondence.
Probabilistic Anticipation and Control in Autonomous Car Following

Human-driven and autonomously driven cars of today act often reactively to the decisions of the cars they follow, which could lead to uncomfortable, inefficient, and sometimes unsafe situations in stop and go traffic. This paper proposes methods for probabilistic anticipation of the motion of the preceding vehicle and for the control of motion of the ego vehicle. We construct: 1) a Markov chain predictor based on the observed behavior of preceding vehicle and 2) a maximum likelihood motion predictor based on historical traffic speed at different locations and times. Heuristics are proposed for combining the two predictions to determine a probability distribution on the position of the preceding vehicle over a future planning horizon. A chance-constrained model predictive control framework is employed to optimize the motion of the ego vehicle, given the probabilistic prediction of motion of preceding vehicle. Effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated in multiple simulation scenarios.
Myopia and ambient night-time lighting. CLEERE Study Group. Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Ethnicity and Refractive Error.

Myopia is a common affliction (one in four adult Americans is near-sighted1), and juvenile-onset myopia is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors2. Results from animal experiments indicate that light cycles may affect the development of myopia3,4, and Quinn et al. claim to have extended these to humans5. They reported a strong association between childhood myopia and night-time lighting before the age of two: there were five times more children with myopia among those who slept with room lights on than in those who slept in the dark, and an intermediate number among those sleeping with a dim night-light5. However, we have been unable to find a link between night-time nursery lighting and the development of myopia in a sample of schoolchildren.
Genome wide association study identifies loci associated with immune cell influx following experimental mammary challenge with Streptococcus uberis

Mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland, significantly impairs animal health, productivity, and milk quality. A common mastitis-causing pathogen, Streptococcus uberis , is observed in 14–26% of subclinical and clinical cases. To identify potential candidate genes and regulatory regions that influence immune cell influx and clearance from the gland, Holstein dairy cows (n=40) were challenged intramammarily with S. uberis . Somatic cell counts (SCC), a measure of immune cells present in milk, were determined prior to and for 28 days following experimental challenge. Traditional GWAS have used SCC (cells/ml) to identify loci of interest. Our approach uses SCC to generate three novel phenotypes: area under the curve (AUC) of SCC for 0–7 d, AUC for 0–28 d, and resolution of infection based on SCC return to less than 200,000 cells/ml in milk (grouped as 28 d). SNP were identified using the BovineSNP50 v2 DNA Analysis BeadChip (Illumina) and associations with SCC phenotypes tested using Plink. Analyses revealed 16 highly significant (p −5 ) SNP. The BTA20 region associated with SCC AUC for the first 7 days corresponded to a previously identified QTL for SCC. This region contains 8 genes and 1 miRNA, with two genes linked to migration and apoptosis. A significant association with the recovery or return to SCC −7 ) observed within an immune related gene. The identified loci will be evaluated for potential contribution to the observed phenotypes. Such investigations could lead to novel treatment or preventive strategies for controlling mastitis, as well as identify markers for genetic selection of cows with greater resistance to infection.
Social Science, Gender Theory and the History of Hair

The author seeks to illuminate points of contact between social scientific theory and the history of facial hair in the West. It offers four general conclusions. First, the cultural meanings of beards and shaving have proved deep-seated and durable, even if not fixed or universal. Second, facial hair and shaving have been used to establish and communicate contrasting social and ideological identities both in a given era and across time. Third, the history of facial hair both supports and amends the theory of ‘hegemonic masculinity’. Finally, beard history illustrates how men of the West in every era have relied on the idealised male body to assert and justify an authoritative model of manliness.
Peer-Assisted Learning in Academic Libraries. Erin Rinto, John Watts, and Rosan Mitola, eds. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Libraries Unlimited, an Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2017. 220p. Paper, $65.00 (ISBN 978-1440846885).

Peer-Assisted Learning in Academic Libraries attempts to survey the variety of forms that peer-assisted learning can take within academic libraries. Librarians involved in reference, instruction, and outreach within academic libraries and who are looking to make an impact on undergraduate student learning will be interested in this text. Specifically, this title is recommended for those librarians who are interested in building or improving peer-to-peer learning in their libraries. The authors have broken the examples and institutions’ programs into three separate categories: information literacy instruction, cocurricular outreach, and reference services, even though many peer programs in the text do not fit neatly into these categories. The value in this book is the breadth of examples; simply by scanning the pages, readers can generate ideas for their own peer programs, similar to reading a literature review on this topic. Some chapters include materials for recruitment and training within the programs; while this is not a large part of the book, it can help guide librarians in developing their own programs.
Cellular Stress Response to Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection of Human Skin Includes Highly Elevated Interleukin-6 Expression

Background The infectious cycle of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) after reactivation from the dorsal root ganglia includes replication and assembly of complete enveloped virions in the human skin to cause the characteristic herpes zoster (shingles). Methods To pursue studies of innate immunity to VZV infection, we have adapted a fetal skin organ culture model to a human neonatal foreskin explant model. Results Abundant expression of VZV IE62, gE, and gC was visualized by confocal microscopy while numerous enveloped virions were observed by electron microscopy in infected skin organ cultures. Microarray experiments demonstrated that the patterns of upregulated transcripts differed between VZV-infected cells and VZV-infected skin explants. One result stood out, namely a >30-fold elevated interleukin (IL)-6 level in the infected skin explant that was not present in the infected monolayer culture. The IL-6 results in the polyermase chain reaction (PCR) assay were reproduced by quantitative PCR testing with newly designed primers. To determine if increased transcription was accompanied by increased IL-6 expression, we quantitated the levels of IL-6 protein in the explant media at increasing intervals after infection. We found a statistically significant increase in IL-6 protein levels secreted into the media from VZV-infected skin explants as compared with mock-infected explants. Conclusions The cellular stress response to VZV infection in neonatal skin explants included highly elevated levels of IL-6 transcription and expression. This skin organ model could be adapted to other viruses with a skin tropism, such as herpes simplex virus.
The Parent-Physician Relationship

The importance of the patient-physician relationship is usually invoked only at medical school graduations, honorary lectureships of prominent medical societies, or in the examination of certain traits in applicants to medical school and residency programs. In active clinical practice it appears to be relegated to the more unconscious recesses of the brain, only to be surfaced when the relationship is taxed by some error in patient care. The basis for the relative unimportance of the patient-physician relationship in patient care stems partly from the strong focus on science during the great technological advances of medicine in the last 50 years. There is a prevailing and widespread assumption that only science and technology will heal the patient, with little credence that the encounter between a patient and a physician is an essential component of the care process. Many skilled clinicians understand well the clear unified importance of both the science and the care process. However, it has been difficult to evolve a systematic research approach to patient outcome and compliance within the framework of alternative models of the patientphysician relationship. Various stereotypes of patients in abstraction of the physician have been easier to describe. It is essentially difficult to look into the “mirror of ourselves” and discern how we interact and are affected by the patient relationship.