cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The impact of demographic and self-management factors on physical activity in women

AIM Guided by the Individual and Family Self-Management Theory, this study examines demographic and self-management variables that impact the outcome of physical activity. BACKGROUND Multiple sources indicate relationships between physical activity and reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease. Women engage in significantly less physical activity than guidelines recommend. METHODS Data collected in women included demographic/situational factors and external influencing level factors including knowledge and beliefs, social facilitation, and outcome expectancy. The outcome behavior physical activity was also assessed. Correlation and hierarchical multiple regression were used to examine the relationship of demographic/situational and external influencing factors to physical activity. RESULTS The sample included 119 women (mean age 40.96, 89.1% Caucasian, 51.3% Married, 95% high school graduates). Education was positively correlated with exercise benefits (r = 0.235,p = .010). Gross family income (r = 0.191,p = .043), work status (r = 0.238,p = .009), and health insurance(r = 0.228,p = .013) were positively correlated to family participation, and work status was positively correlated to friend participation (r = 0.263.p = .004). In the final model, demographic/situational factors (step 1) explained 12.9% of the variance in physical activity (p < .05). Knowledge and beliefs, social support, and outcome expectancy (step added an additional 0.9% of variance physical activity levels). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that demographic/situational factors contribute more to explaining variability in physical activity levels than external influencing factors. This suggests that in addition to considering demographic variables, further research to explore other demographic/situational and external influencing factors that affect physical activity specifically in women is necessary.
Columbia in the Nation’s Service: Warner Burke and the Education of U.S. Army Leaders

In 1969, Columbia University banned Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) from campus. In 2004, Teachers College’s Warner Burke, a senior professor of psychology and Army officer veteran, saw an ...
Facilitating Sponsorship Channels in the Business Model of Motor Sports

Basic business models consist of identification of customers, analysis of the customers’ needs, and plans for efficiently delivering solutions to such needs at a profit. The business model of motor sports has evolved to prominently feature corporate sponsorship as a B2B exchange mechanism that supplies the motor sports organization while offering sponsors a promotional channel for their marketing message. As a result, racing series managers and teams are often simultaneously positioned as a buyer and seller in relation to their corporate sponsors. This argues that the sustainability of this business model rests with the propensity for motor sports organizations to consistently deliver value to both B2C and B2B firms and minimize potential role conflicts. The in-depth interviews of industry professionals, which are analyzed in this research, highlight how actors in Formula One and NASCAR serve as channel facilitators (i.e., middlemen) to connect buyers and sellers within the motor sports sponsorship network.
A Choice by Any Other Name: Ad Hoc Substitutes for Choice of Law

Contemporary choice of law suffers from indeterminacy at every level: in theory and in practice, in variation between states, and in divergent rules, standards, exceptions, and methods. Some quarrel with how bad the disorder really is, but few assert that the existing system is in any sense optimal. It generates a number of problems, the most visible arising from forum shopping to take advantage of choice-of-law rules favoring forum law. Plaintiffs simply look for a forum with favorable substantive law, favored by its own choice-of-law rules. Attempts to devise determinate rules that might deter such practices might yet succeed in generating consensus. Until they do, however, choice of law has left a vacuum to be filled by different sources of legal doctrine—different enough to be separable from the field of choice of law, but similar enough to dictate the choice of one state’s law or another’s. If judges, lawyers, and parties cannot find solutions within the field, they naturally turn to solutions outside it. This Essay surveys these efforts, which might, to be sure, be worse than the disease. Nevertheless, they indicate how serious the disease is.
The Case for Considering Renter Insecurity as an Indicator of Federal Fair Housing Progress

More than 50 years after the Fair Housing Act was passed in the USA, equitable outcomes in housing remain elusive. Much research on fair housing has focused on access to housing in the renting or buying process and residential segregation patterns. However, analyses typically overlook how families and individuals can maintain stability once they actually secure housing, particularly for renters. Therefore, this research considers renter insecurity, defined by unaffordability, overcrowding, poor physical conditions, and forced moves, as an essential component to understanding and evaluating fair housing. Using this perspective, inequities in housing insecurity are measured among federal fair housing protected classes. Analyses confirm that households historically impacted by discrimination (e.g., Black, female, disabled, and non-native born) experience disproportionately severe and frequent manifestations of housing insecurity. Consequently, it is not enough to ensure equal access to housing without simultaneously requiring equity in long-term housing outcomes. The research concludes with a discussion of the role of social work practice in advancing fair housing, with a particular emphasis on bridging work between individuals and communities and the implications for policy.
X -Band Quasi-Reflectionless MMIC Bandpass Filters With Minimum Number of Components

This article reports on the RF design and implementation of monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) bandpass filters (BPFs) with broadband symmetric quasi-reflectionless characteristics. They are based on in-series cascaded quasi-reflectionless stages that comprise one bandpass (BP) and two resistively terminated bandstop (BS) sections with approximately complementary transfer functions. This allows the resistors to absorb the reflected RF signal energy, and a quasi-reflectionless behavior is obtained at both the input and output ports of the BPF. The frequency selectivity of the BPF can be increased by: 1) introducing out-of-band transmission zeros (TZs) through inductive, capacitive, or resonant source-to-load couplings and/or by 2) increasing the number of stages in the overall filter. An on-chip integration scheme with minimum number of components is proposed using the commercially available PIH-110 GaAs MMIC process from WIN Semiconductors. Three prototypes were designed, manufactured, and measured at X-band. They demonstrated ultra-compact physical size and ultrawide >9:1 quasi-reflectionless characteristics.
Intersectionality of serious psychological distress, cigarette smoking, and substance use disorders in the United States: 2008-2018.

Abstract Background Serious psychological distress (SPD) is common among adults who smoke cigarettes and among adults with substance use disorders (SUD). It is unknown whether the burden of SPD is even greater among individuals with both cigarette smoking and SUDs. This study examined the intersectionality of SPD, cigarette smoking, and SUD over time. Methods Data came from annual, cross-sectional, nationally representative samples of the United States (US) National Survey on Drug Use and Health (individuals age 12+). Past-month SPD prevalences were estimated each year from 2008 to 2018 for adults age 18+ with current daily, current non-daily, former, and never cigarette smoking by SUD status (combined n = 441,286). Logistic regression models examined linear time trends of SPD. Results In 2018, SPD was significantly more prevalent among adults in each smoking group with SUD versus those without SUD (daily 29.1% vs. 9.0%, non-daily 23.2% vs. 8.6%, former 19.5% vs. 3.2%, never 16.4% vs. 4.3%). After adjusting for sociodemographics, SPD prevalence increased over time across smoking statuses with a larger change for persons with SUD (AOR=1.07; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.09) vs. no SUD (AOR=1.03; 95% CI: 1.02. 1.04). Conclusions SPD was more than twice as common among adults with SUD who smoke cigarettes compared to those without SUD who do not smoke cigarettes, with the highest prevalence among adults with both SUD and daily smoking. While SPD has increased over time, differences depended on SUD status beyond the effect of cigarette smoking. These results provide further evidence for treating smoking and mental health problems together.
Regulation of Intracellular Free Calcium

It can be argued that the calcium ion is the oldest recognized signal transduction molecule, whether one dates the birth of this recognition with Ringer’s 1883 studies1 on the requirement for extracellular Ca2+ in myocardial contraction, or with Heilbrunn’s much later proposal2 that Ca2+ is the physiological inducer of muscle contraction. Perhaps because of this early focus on calcium’s role in contractility in particular, and in the function of classically “excitable” cells generally (such as Katz and Miledi’s seminal studies on the role of Ca2+ in neurotransmitter release3), the first 100 years of cell calcium research was dominated by efforts to understand how transient changes in intracellular free Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i) are achieved and transduced in but two very specialized cell types—muscle and neuron.
Two Degrees of Freedom with ( Z 2 ⊕ Z 2 )-Symmetry

In this chapter we explore the role of symmetry in the study of bifurcation problems. Specifically, we analyze a family of bifurcation problems in two state variables that commute with the group Z 2 ⊕ Z 2. Although even in this special case our discussion is necessarily incomplete, it indicates the directions of the general theory.
Postmortem chemistry: practical considerations and a review of the literature.

Determination of postmortem chemical values may be of use in a variety of situations. Results of such studies may demonstrate biochemical abnormalities responsible for death when no autopsy is performed, establish a cause of death where autopsy reveals no significant anatomic pathology, help in the evaluation of the physiological effects of recognizable anatomic lesions, and assist in estimating the time of death.
Doing As We Ought: Towards A Logic of Simply Dischargeable Obligations

This paper investigates diachronic deontic logic, based on models with forward-branching time. Using such models, supplemented by a choice function to model human agency, and an obligation function to introduce normative features, it is possible to develop a rich language with tense logic, since and until operators, and operators expressing action, ability, and obligation. It then becomes possible to model, not only the interrelationships among our obligations, but also their interrelationships with the actions which give rise to them, the actions which fulfill them, and the abilities these actions require.
Level Systems and the Law: Are They Compatible?.

Level systems are a common tool used to manage students with emotional and behavioral disorders. To date, we have little research to support the efficacy of using level systems, and further, certai...
Activation of C-H and C-C Bonds in Alkanes by Heterodinuclear Metal Cluster Ions in the Gas Phase

We report on the special reactivity of RhFe+, RhCo+, and LaFe+ with alkanes and oxygen containing compounds. These three clusters are the first hetero-dinuclear transition metal cluster ions observed to activate C-H and C-C bonds in alkanes. All three cluster ions react with alkanes larger than methane mainly via dehydrogenation. In this respect, the reactivity of RhFe+, RhCo, and LaFe is more like that of Rh+ and La+ than that of Fe+ and Co+. RhFe and RhCo show similar patterns of reactivity with multiple dehydro-genation of alkanes larger than ethane, while LaFe+ shows less extensive dehydro genat ion. n-Pentane and cyclopentane react with RhFe and RhCo to split the cluster and form RhC5H6 and RhC5H5 +, presumably the cyclopenta-diene- and cyclopentadienyl-rhodium cations. These reactions imply D°(Rh+-cyclopentadienyl)>189 kcal/mol. Other thermochemical limits are reported including D°(RhCo+-CH2)>93 kcal/mol, D°(RhFe+-CH2)>78 kcal/mol, and D°(RhFe+-benzene)>60 kcal/mol. The special reactivity is discussed in terms of reduced overlap in cluster ions containing a second or third row metal bound to a first row metal relative to clusters containing two first row metals. Finally, oxide abstraction is observed for reaction of the clusters with ethylene oxide suggesting D°(MM’+-O)>89 kcal/mol.
Receptor-mediated binding and uptake of immunoglobulin a by human liver

We have studied the molecular mechanisms of the binding and uptake of secretory and serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) of both subclasses (1 and 2) and molecular forms (monomer and polymer) by the particulate fraction of human liver homogenate and by a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). Inhibition by asialoorosomucoid and the requirement for the presence of calcium indicated that the binding of secretory IgA and polymeric IgA1 was mediated by the asialoglycoprotein receptor. Secretory component, which functions as a receptor for polymeric IgA in several animal species, was detected in the epithelial cells of bile ducts, but not in hepatocytes. Secretory IgA and all molecular forms and subclasses of serum IgA were bound by HepG2 cells, which do not express secretory component. The requirement for the presence of calcium, the presence of a terminal galactose residue in IgA, and the molecular weight of the major plasma membrane protein responsible for binding (41,700 daltons) indicated the involvement of asialoglycoprotein receptor. Immunoglobulin A proteins bound by HepG2 cells were endocytosed and catabolized.
Imaging Alzheimer's disease.

Prior reviews on the topic of imaging and Alzheimer’s disease have focused predominately on the technical features of imaging modalities or have summarized the results of epidemiologic studies. As brain scientists and brain practitioners, our main focus should be on the neurobiologic correlates of imaging, so we can intertwine this knowledge with our understanding of disease pathophysiology. A focus on these two features—the neurobiologic correlates of imaging and the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease—has provided the organizing principle of this review.
A hydrogel-based wireless chemical sensor

In this paper, we report on the fabrication and characterization of a new hydrogel-based wireless chemical sensor. The basic device structure is a passive LC resonator coupled to a stimuli-sensitive hydrogel which is confined between a stiff porous membrane and a thin glass diaphragm. As small molecules pass through the porous membrane, hydrogel swells and deflects the flexible glass diaphragm which is the movable plate of the variable capacitor in the totally integrated passive LC resonator. The corresponding change in resonant frequency can be remotely detected. pH-sensitive hydrogels were loaded and tested with the measured sensitivity of 394 kHz/pH at the pH of 7.4. The swelling pressure of the confined hydrogel was also determined using the calibration curve with applied air pressure.
1,2‐Dioxatrisulfane (Thiaperoxide) Intermediates in Type I and II Photooxygenation Reactions

This review focuses on a discussion of labile metastable sulfur-based peroxides (persulfoxides-R2S+OO−; 3-membered SOO ring thiadioxiranes-c-R2SO2; hydroperoxy sulfonium ylides-R(R′CH)S+OO−; and, peroxy sulfuranes-R2S(OR′)OOR′′) that have been observed or implicated in Type I and II photooxygenation reactions. Evidence for formation and computational structures of these novel intermediates is presented. Keywords: persulfoxide; thiadioxirane; hydroperoxy sulfonium ylide; peroxy sulfuranes; singlet oxygen
An evaluation of the action of relaxin on isolated human uterine muscle and cervical tissues in vitro

Abstract 1. 1. Relaxin had no demonstrable effect on the spontaneous contractility of isolated human uterine muscle, or on the tension of cervical tissues in vitro. 2. 2. This was true for tissue samples taken from both nongravid and gravid uteri. 3. 3. It appears that the evaluation of relaxin as an adjunct to the armamentarium of the obstetrician and gynecologist must await the result of extensive clinical experience and trial.
Some relationships between attitudes expressed toward the parent in a sentence completion test and case history data.

(1950). Some Relationships Between Attitudes Expressed toward the Parent in a Sentence Completion Test and Case History Data. Journal of Projective Techniques: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 188-193.
An Evaluation of Neutron Energy Spectrum Effects in Iron Based on Molecular Dynamics Displacement Cascade Simulations

The results of molecular dynamics (MD) displacement cascade simulations in bcc iron have been used to obtain effective cross sections for two measures of primary damage production: (1) the number of surviving point defects expressed as a fraction of the displacements calculated using the standard secondary displacement model of Norgett, Robinson, and Torrens (NRT), and (2) the fraction of the surviving interstitials contained in clusters that formed during the cascade event. Primary knockon atom spectra for iron obtained from the SPECTER code have been used to weight these MD-based damage production cross sections in order to obtain spectrally-averaged values for several locations in commercial fission reactors and materials test reactors. An evaluation of these results indicates that neutron energy spectrum differences between the various enviromnents do not lead to significant differences between the average primary damage formation parameters. In particular, the defect production cross sections obtained for PWR and BWR neutron spectra were not significantly different. The variation of the defect production cross sections as a function of depth into the reactor pressure vessel wall is used as a sample application of the cross sections. A slight difference between the attenuation behavior of the PWR and BWR was noted; thismore » difference could be explained by a subtle difference in the energy dependence of the neutron spectra. Overall, the simulations support the continued use of dpa as a damage correlation parameter.« less
Knowledge-based control

Knowledge-based control is defined here as the management of dynamic systems whose states admit qualitative modeling. Contributions from several disparate disciplines, such as artificial intelligence, the decision sciences, and fuzzy control, are examined. An aeronautical application is used to illuminate the concepts examined. Two levels of architecture are presented for implementing qualitative decision and control for an aircraft. A geometric rather than algebraic approach is taken to the knowledge-based control problem. >
Achievable outcomes of dynamic contribution games

This paper concerns multistage games, with and without discounting, in which each player can increase the level of an action over time so as to increase the other players' future payoffs. An action profile is said to be achievable if it is the limit point of a subgame perfect equilibrium path. Necessary conditions are derived for achievability under relatively general conditions. They imply that any efficient profile that is approximately achievable must be in the core of the underlying coalitional game. In some, but not all, games with discounting, the necessary conditions for achievability are also sufficient for a profile to be the limit of achievable profiles as the period length shrinks to zero. Consequently, in these games when the period length is very short, (i) the set of achievable profiles does not depend on the move structure, (ii) an efficient profile can be approximately achieved if and only if it is in the core, and (iii) any achievable profile can be achieved almost instantly.
IL-17F, a target for anti-cytokine therapy

The IL-17 cytokine family plays a major role in promoting autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The original member of this family, IL-17 (CTLA-8 or IL-17A), has been the center of intense research, whereas IL-17F is much less understood. In many respects, IL-17F functions similarly to IL-17A: both are produced by a unique subset of CD4+ T helper cells (termed TH17) and both bind a common receptor subunit (IL-17RA). Hence, IL-17F is implicated in the diseases where IL-17A clearly plays a key role. This patent describes antagonists that can directly or indirectly inhibit IL-17F signaling. The authors also report the identification of new receptor subunits, heteromeric combinations of IL-17A and IL-17F, and that IL-21 may be a stimulus for production of IL-17F. The invention of these antagonists may provide reagents to enable further research on this intriguing molecule, as well as establish a basis for treating IL-17F-mediated diseases.
A versatile synthetic route for the preparation of titanium metal–organic frameworks

Exploitation of new titanium metal–organic frameworks (Ti-MOFs) with high crystallinity has been attracting great attention due to their vast application potential in photocatalysis. Herein a versatile synthetic strategy, namely, High Valence Metathesis and Oxidation (HVMO), is developed to synthesize a series of Ti-MOFs with predesigned topologies and structures. The crystallinity of these Ti-MOFs was well maintained throughout, as confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction and gas adsorption measurements. Significantly, there were only a few examples of Ti-MOFs, not to mention a general synthetic strategy for various kinds of Ti-MOFs in the literature. This contribution also illustrates the intriguing potential of Ti-MOF platforms in photocatalysis.
Numerical predictions for a simulated methane fire

Abstract A buoyant, turbulent methane flame with a base diameter of 0.25mm and a heat release rate of 28 kW was numerically modeled. Soot formation was included in the model by a phenomenological soot formation scheme. Gas radiation was treated by a weighted-sum gray-gas model. A non-isothermal, non-homogeneous field approach was utilized and the thermal radiation was included by incorporating a four flux radiation model into a finite-difference scheme. The methane fire did not show appreciable soot concentrations to the extent that the radiation was significantly affected. The radiation present was predominantly due to gaseous species. The centerline flame properties such as the axial velocity, mean temperature, and entrainment behaviors are generally well reproduced by the theory. However, the radial expansion of the flame is underestimated near the flame base because of the neglect of the elliptic behavior in the present approach. An analysis of the thermal radiation behavior revealed a non-uniform heat feedback flux distribution. Unlike in sooting flames, where the flux maximizes usually midway between the centerline and flame edge, we observe the maximum flux at the pool center in the methane fire. In sooting flames, this behavior arises because of radiative energy blockage by the cold fuel vapor and soot in the core. A reduced radiation blockage in the methane flame is a distinguishing feature of the methane fire compared with sooting pool fires.
The Canadian Maternity Experiences Survey, or, when it comes to pregnancy, childbirth, and infant and maternal health, it never hurts to ask

The Canadian Maternity Experiences Survey provides a wealth of data on reproductive decision-making, prenatal care and experiences of women during their pregnancies, intrapartum and postpartum experiences, as well as women's mental health, social supports, and health behaviors. This population-based representative sample survey, drawn from a sampling frame based on the Canadian Census for 2006, puts a human face on pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum maternal health, and parenting, and could serve as a model for similar data collection efforts in other countries.
Solutions to a System of Equations Involving a First-Order Autoregressive Process

Abstract A first-order autoregressive process is proposed for modeling certain random effects in instances for which a more general model would involve too many (co)variance components. This process requires only two parameters, and its inverse—needed for its inclusion in mixed model methodology—is tridiagonal and easy to obtain. The (co)variance matrix for effects that follow a first-order autoregressive structure is introduced, and the rules for obtaining its inverse are derived and outlined in an algorithm (an example is also given). Incorporation of such a structure into the mixed model equations is also discussed, and an iterative procedure for obtaining solutions to this potentially large system of equations is outlined.
Ubiquitination of Ro52 autoantigen

Abstract Anti-Ro/SSA antibodies are antinuclear antibodies most commonly found in patients with Sjogren's syndrome, a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by dryness of the eyes and mouth. The autoantibodies recognize a RING-finger protein, Ro52/SSA (52 kDa), whose function is still unknown. In this study, the ubiquitination of Ro52 was investigated. We found that Ro52 was strongly conjugated by a single molecule of ubiquitin in cells. Although the biological relevance of this mono-ubiquitination was not defined, the function of Ro52 might be modified by the mono-ubiquitination. We also found that Ro52 was conjugated with poly-ubiquitin chain in cells (poly-ubiquitination), suggesting that Ro52 may be downregulated by the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway in vivo. Interestingly, sera from patients with Sjogren's syndrome showed heterogeneity in their reactivity to poly-ubiquitinated Ro52, probably because of their differing antigenic determinants. This heterogeneity of the reactivity might be associated with the varying clinical features found in patients with Sjogren's syndrome.
Protection From Ischemic Cell Death by the Induction of Cytoglobin

Methods to reduce beta-cell loss after islet isolation and transplantation must be developed if islet transplantation is to become a preferred treatment for diabetes. Most recent research has focused on the reduction of toxicity from immunosuppressants and the enhancement of revascularization by growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor. Cytoglobin is an intracellular oxygen-binding protein found in islet beta-cells, inducible by hypoxia. It is our hypothesis that cytoglobin induction and overexpression may improve survival and function of transplanted islets by preventing ischemic cell death. Lewis rat islets and MIN6 cells were transfected with the cytoglobin gene. Control and transfected cells and islets were held for 4 hours at 20% oxygen before glucose challenge. Another group of islets and cells was held for 4 hours at 20% and then 1% oxygen prior to glucose challenge. Untreated or transfected Lewis rat islets (n = 800) were transplanted beneath the renal capsule of streptozotocin diabetic Lewis rats. In another study, Sprague-Dawley islets were transfected and transplanted into streptozotocin diabetic Lewis rats. Fasting blood glucose was used as an indicator of islet function and survival. Cytoglobin transfected islets and cells retained the ability to secrete insulin at low oxygen concentrations in contrast to controls. Cytoglobin over expression reduced the development of central islet necrosis after 5 days in tissue culture. Cytoglobin inhibited the onset of immunorejection (14 +/- 2 days) as compared with controls islets (5 +/- 2 days). Cytoglobin induction may be a useful adjunct to islet transplantation.
A Nonlinear Learning Controller for Robotic Manipulators

A practical learning control system is described which is applicable to complex robotic systems involving multiple feedback sensors and multiple command variables during both repetitive and nonrepetitive operations. The learning algorithm utilizes the Cerebellar Model Arithmetic Computer (CMAC) neural model developed by Albus. In the controller, the learning algorithm is used to learn to reproduce the nonlinear relationship between the sensor outputs and the system command variables over particular regions of the system state space. The learned information is then used to predict the command signals required to produce desired changes in the sensor outputs. The learning controller requires no a priori knowledge of the relationships between the sensor outputs and the command variables. The results of learning experiments using a General Electric P-5 manipulator interfaced to a VAX-11/730 computer are presented. These experiments involved learning to use video image feedback to track three dimensional task trajectories relative to objects moving on a conveyor. No a priori knowledge of the robot kinematics or of the conveyor speed or orientation relative to the robot was assumed. In all experiments, control system tracking error was found to converge after a few trials to within error limits defined by the resolution of the sensor feedback data.
Psychiatry on trial: the Norway 2011 massacre.

On July 22, 2011, Anders Breivik, a Norwegian citizen, detonated a fertilizer bomb near government buildings in Oslo, killing eight people, and then proceeded to a nearby island where the Labor Party was holding a youth camp. There, he killed 69 people before being arrested. Just before these events, he posted a "compendium" on the Web explaining his actions and encouraging others to do likewise. Much of the ensuing media coverage and trial focused on whether he was sane and whether he had a psychiatric diagnosis. One team of court-appointed psychiatrists found him to be psychotic with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia and legally insane. A second team found him neither psychotic nor schizophrenic and, thus, legally sane. Their contrary opinions were not reconciled by observing his behavior in court. We discuss why experienced psychiatrists reached such fundamentally opposing diagnostic conclusions about a "home-grown" terrorist holding extreme political views. Language: en
On Differences in Surface Constitution of Dairy Product Contact Materials

Abstract Dairy products are processed and packaged in contact with materials that exhibit markedly dissimilar surface properties. Pertinent surface properties of several dairy contact materials were quantified, and the relative tendency of each material to adsorb β-lactoglobulin was observed. The presence of a minimum in a plot of mass of β-lactoglobulin adsorbed versus a property related to contact surface energy is discussed. Knowledge of the surface property corresponding to this minimum may provide direction for the selection of contact materials best suited for particular processing or packaging applications and may provide direction for control of deleterious adhesive events common to dairy manufacturing.
An unusual sequelae of an infected persistent dermal sinus tract.

Case report We present a case of a child born with a birthmark over the lumbar spine, which harbored a pinhole-sized opening. At 6 months of age the child presented with fever of unknown origin. Subsequent lower extremity pain resulted in imaging studies that revealed a spinal mass with extension into the posterior mediastinum. At operation, the child was found to have an infected dermal sinus tract.
Turbulent convection of suspended sediments due to flow reversal

[1] We investigate the ejection of sediments from the near-bed region of a pulsating boundary layer over a flat bottom. The boundary layer flows were generated using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) while the motion of individual particles was calculated using a modified version of the Maxey and Riley equation. The suspension rate of near-bed sediment particles sharply increases during decelerating flow phase and peaks near the time of local flow reversals. This suspension pattern of sediments was closely related to the near-bed turbulent vortex structures which evolve during a wave cycle. During period of maximum flow rate, the horizontally aligned vortex cores retarded settling of sediment particles. As the flow decelerates, vertically organized vortices induce an upward flux of particles. Vertical velocity fluctuations are strongest at the time of flow reversal, leading to maximum sediment suspension at this time. These results are shown to be incompatible with simple eddy-diffusivity models for sediment transport.
Cytogenetics of fetal wastage.

A consecutive series of 50 couples with a history of fetal wastage were studied cytogenetically with current banding technics. Fetal wastage was defined as occurring in couples who had more than two early abortions, stillbirth(s) or livebirth(s) or both of infants with multiple congenital anomalies. Three women were found to be balanced reciprocal translocation carriers; all translocations were not detectable by the conventional method but were demonstrable by current banding technics. In addition to the translocation carriers, one woman was found to be a mosaic for 45,X/46,XX/47,XXX. Four of the parents showed increased mitotic instability or chromosome breakage and rearrangement, or both. Parental chromosome abnormalities may therefore account for fetal wastage in between 6 and 16 per cent (or about one in 10) of couples having such a history. Such couples, if identified, can potentially benefit by prenatal monitoring of future pregnancies. (N Engl J Med 293:844-847, 1975)
Efficient Sensor Fault Detection Using Combinatorial Group Testing

This paper introduces a novel use of concepts from combinatorial group testing and Kalman filtering in detecting faulty sensors in a network when faults are relatively rare. By assigning sensors to specific groups and performing Kalman filter-based fault detection over these groups, we can obtain a small binary detection outcome, which can be decoded to reveal the fault state of all sensors in the network. Compared to existing methods, our algorithm achieves similar or better detection accuracy with fewer tests and thus lower computational complexity. We perform extensive numerical analysis using a set of real vibration data collected from the New Carquinez Bridge in California using an 18-sensor network mounted on the bridge.
Transport and Recruitment of Blue Crab Larvae:a Model with Advection and Mortality

The present paper develops a mathematical model for the transport and recruitment of blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) larvae, and applies it to the inner continental shelf of the Middle Atlantic Bight near Delaware Bay, U.S.A. Blue crab larvae develop through seven or eight planktonic zoeal stages to a megalopa stage suitable for recruitment to adult populations of east coast estuaries. The larvae are concentrated near the surface, and the currents are primarily forced by alongshelf winds and river discharge through major estuaries. Model currents are prescribed based on a realistic synthesis of their observed relationship to wind and river discharge. Besides the resulting advection, particle diffusion and biological mortality are added to determine the fate of larvae released from their parent estuary. Groups of particles were released across the source region of the outflowing buoyancy-driven current in the model estuary mouth. Most larvae were swept alongshelf to the south with the buoyancy-driven coastal current, and thus were lost as recruits to the population of their parent estuary. However, some larvae released close to the seaward edge of the emerging coastal current were able to cross the coastal current front and move seaward into inner shelf water during upwelling-favorable (northward) wind events. Some of these, in turn, were suitably placed near the parent estuary mouth so that they could be advected landward as megalopae into the estuary during a subsequent downwelling-favorable (southward) wind event and thus join the adult population. The model results for megalopae returns were computed from consecutive daily release of 1000 particles, and were compared with 4 years of blue crab megalopa settlement data for Delaware Bay. The model results for 1989 and 1990 matched the observed data remarkably well, with both years showing dominance by a single return event of a few days duration. For 1991 and 1992, the observed results showed multiple return events, and the model results did not follow these well.
Architecture-induced phase immiscibility in a diblock/multiblock copolymer blend

Ordered diblock copolymer blends have recently become the subject of tremendous research interest since they can be used to elucidate the intramicrodomain segregation of blocks differing in length, as well as to identify the molecular and blend parameters yielding phase immiscibility. In this work, we explore the influence of molecular architecture on block copolymer blend miscibility by examining an equimolar mixture of two symmetric styrene (S)/isoprene (I) block copolymers, one an SI diblock and the other an (SI)4 octablock. Their molecular weights are identical, so that the ratio of block lengths is 4:1 SI:(SI)4. While this ratio is expected to yield a single phase in diblock copolymer blends, transmission electron microscopy reveals here that the diblock/multiblock blend is macrophase-separated due to the linear multiblock architecture and midblock conformations of the (SI)4 copolymer. Electron tomography (3D imaging) permits direct visualization of connected SI and (SI)4 microdomains at the SI/(SI)4...
Effect of Fish Size, Temperature, and Amount Fed on Nutrient Digestibility of a Pelleted Diet by Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri

Abstract Comparisons were made of digestibility coefficients for nutrients in a dry pellet diet fed to three sizes (18, 207, 586 g) of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, at three water temperatures (7, 11, 15 C), and for three meal sizes (0.4, 0.8, 1.6% of fish weight) fed to one fish size (194 g) at one water temperature (11 C). No significant differences were apparent between body sizes at temperatures of 11 and 15 C. However, digestibility coefficients for all nutrients were significantly lower for 18-g trout acclimated to 7 C than 207- or 586-g trout at 7 C or 18-g fish acclimated to 11 and 15 C. The grand average coefficients for protein, lipid, and energy, excluding small fish at 7 C, were 93%, 89%, and 74% whereas values for the small fish were 20%, 9%, and 28% lower, respectively. No difference was apparent in the digestibility of protein or lipid at rations of 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6% of the fish body weight. Future digestibility studies with rainbow trout may expect no effect of water temperature and bod...
Tubulin content and synthesis in differentiating drosophila cells in culture

Drosophila Kc cells exposed to physiological doses of the moulting hormone, beta-ecdysone, elongate, become motile, and subsequently aggregate. This pattern of morphogenesis was found to require the assembly of a microtubular cytoskeleton. Tubulin content was significantly increased in hormone-treated cells when compared to controls, as measured by a 3H-colchicine-binding assay. However, determinations of rates of tubulin synthesis and breakdown revealed no difference between control and hormone-treated cells for either parameter. When tubulin content was assayed by methods that do not depend on colchicine-binding activity, no difference between hormone-treated and control cells was observed. These results are discussed in terms of a model in which beta-ecdysone affects the distribution of tubulin in "assembly-active" and "assembly-inactive" pools.
Recovery of pulmonary function after crushing injuries of the chest.

The recovery of pulmonary function following crushing injury of the chest occurs in two phases. The early period after injury, during which time the battle for survival must be won, is one of seriously disturbed ventilation and vascularization of alveolar spaces. The second phase is characterized by residual disturbances in the thoracic musculoskeletal system and the pleural spaces. These must be corrected if efficient respiration is to be regained. Minor crushing injuries with little or no paradoxical motion of the chest wall require strapping to stabilize the chest wall and relieve pain, tracheobronchial aspiration to maintain adequate airway, and little else. Pulmonary edema will occur in some degree in even these injuries and requires oxygen. If pulmonary edema is severe, the oxygen should be administered under positive pressure. Severe crushing injuries involving one or both sides require tracheotomy with repeated catheter evacuation of tracheobronchial secretions and positive-pressure oxygen for a sufficient period to allow stabilization of the chest wall. Blood loss may be extensive and will require volumetric replacement. Pleural complications of hemothorax and pneumothorax require immediate catheter thoracotomy and suction drainage. Spreading and bothersome subcutaneous emphysema is promptly controlled by tracheotomy. Decortication of all fibrinothoraces without undue delay will salvage pulmonary function in the second phase, particularly if every effort is made to redevelop the motion of the crippled side by early and persistent muscle training and respiratory exercises. 6 Non-union of ribs and costochondral cartilages require resection for cure. These non-unions are painful and must be eliminated if good function is to redevelop.
FLASH PHOTOLYSIS STUDIES OF ROUSSIN'S BLACK SALT ANION : FE4S3(NO)7-

A time-resolved optical (UV−vis) spectroscopic study of Roussin's black salt anion, Fe4S3(NO)7-, revealed two separate intermediates, X and Y, following laser flash photolysis. Both intermediates react with nitric oxide with second-order kinetics to re-form the parent complex (kNOX = 1.3 × 107 M-1 s-1; kNOY = 7.0 × 105 M-1 s-1 in aqueous solutions). The shorter-lived intermediate X was observed in time resolved infrared spectroscopic studies. Isotopic labeling experiments involving the exchange of black salt nitrosyls with 15NO2- or 15N18O were used to probe the correlation between νNO bands and the anion structures. The identities of the intermediates are interpreted in terms of photolytic loss of chemically distinct nitrosyls found on the Fe4S3(NO)7- anion.
Fundamental turbulence measurements by relief flow tagging

The observation of small-scale velocity structures in high Reynolds number turbulent flowfields is important for the understanding of energy scaling and dissipation phenomena. The Raman excitation plus laser-induced electronic fluorescence (RELIEF) technique is shown to be a promising tool to observe these scales. Lines on the order of 100 μ thick and 1 cm long are written into a contained turbulent jet and observed with a resolution on the order of tens of microns. The images that are recorded give instantaneous velocity profiles it very short time delays between tagging and interrogation are used. This time-of-flight approach is a direct measure of velocity, so approximations such as constant density, constant temperature, or the Taylor hypothesis are not required
Oscillatory interlayer exchange coupling in [ Pt ∕ Co ] n ∕ NiO ∕ [ Co ∕ Pt ] n multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy: Dependence on NiO and Pt layer thicknesses

Interlayer exchange coupling has been studied in a series of ${[\mathrm{Pt}({t}_{\mathrm{Pt}}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}})∕\mathrm{Co}(4\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}})]}_{n}∕\mathrm{NiO}({t}_{\mathrm{NiO}})∕{[\mathrm{Co}(4\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}})∕\mathrm{Pt}({t}_{\mathrm{Pt}}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}})]}_{n}$ multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy. The coupling oscillates between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic as a function of ${t}_{\mathrm{NiO}}$ with a period of $\ensuremath{\sim}5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}$, and the oscillatory behavior is related to the antiferromagnetic ordering of the $\mathrm{NiO}$ layer. This interlayer coupling between two $\mathrm{Co}∕\mathrm{Pt}$ multilayers is shown to occur domain by domain by magnetic force microscopy imaging. For the strongest antiferromagnetic coupling at ${t}_{\mathrm{NiO}}=11\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}$, an oscillation with a period of $\ensuremath{\sim}6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}$ is superposed onto the exponential decay of the coupling strength as a function of ${t}_{\mathrm{Pt}}$. The exponential decay with ${t}_{\mathrm{Pt}}$ is ascribed to the exponential decay of the coupling between the $\mathrm{Co}$ layers across the $\mathrm{Pt}$ layers in each $\mathrm{Co}∕\mathrm{Pt}$ multilayer, and the superposed oscillatory behavior can be attributed to multiple reflections of electron waves at the $\mathrm{Co}∕\mathrm{Pt}$ interfaces and their interference. A linear dependence of the antiferromagnetic coupling strength on $1∕n$, (where $n$ is the number of repeats), is suggestive of a surface interaction for this interlayer coupling.
NEUROENDOCRINE CONTROL OF THE ONSET OF PUBERTY

This chapter is based on the Geoffrey Harris Memorial Lecture presented at the 8th International Congress of Neuroendocrinology, which was held in Sydney, August 2014. It provides the development of our understanding of the neuroendocrine control of puberty since Harris proposed in his 1955 monograph (Harris, 1955) that "a major factor responsible for puberty is an increased rate of release of pituitary gonadotrophin" and posited "that a neural (hypothalamic) stimulus, via the hypophysial portal vessels, may be involved." Emphasis is placed on the neurobiological mechanisms governing puberty in highly evolved primates, although an attempt is made to reverse translate a model for the timing of puberty in man and monkey to non-primate species.
Application of AGC/AVC in Photovoltaic Power Station

In order to deal with a lot of adverse influence of photovoltaic power generation for power grid, such as the intermittence, randomicity and undulation, AGC / AVC in a photovoltaic power station have become a fundamental requirement. This paper introduces the structure, contro1 strategies of AGC / AVC system in photovoltaic power station. A practical application is carried out at Shizuishan PV power station in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The result shows that the technical specifications of the system meet the requirements of the site operation.
TACR1 genotypes predict fMRI response to alcohol cues and level of alcohol dependence.

Background The tachykinin receptor 1 (TACR1) gene is a promising candidate gene in the search for the genetic basis of alcohol dependence (AD); TACR1 antagonists improve symptomology not only in preclinical models of AD but also in a clinical sample of detoxified alcoholics (George et al., Science 319:1536, 2008). The purpose of the current study was to determine whether TACR1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with (i) blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activation in response to gustatory alcohol cues in a sample of heavy drinkers and (ii) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) AD symptom count in a large, publicly available data set—the Study of Addictions: Genetics and Environment Genome Wide Association study (SAGE GWAS) (Bierut et al., 2010). Methods First, we examined relationships between TACR1 genotypes and neural responses during a craving task in 326 individuals with alcohol use disorders. Next, correlational analyses between 69 TACR1 SNPs and DSM-IV-TR AD symptoms were performed on the SAGE data set. Results rs3771863, rs3755459, and rs1106855 predicted BOLD activation in response to alcohol cues in those same reward and reinforcement brain areas, especially in the medial prefrontal cortex, striatum, and insula. rs3771863 also predicted AD symptom count in the SAGE data set and BOLD activation in the mesocorticolimbic pathway response to alcohol cues. Conclusions Each of the 5 SNPs in the TACR1 gene that was significantly related to AD severity in the SAGE data set and/or the BOLD response to the craving task is near the 3′ or 5′ areas of the gene and may therefore be near mutations with potential functional significance. In particular, the potential functional significance of rs1106855 should be explored because of its location within a stop codon.