cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A magnetic signature of bottom current erosion

Abstract To characterize the magnetic signal associated with bottom current erosion, we have conducted downcore measurements of magnetic texture and fabric in three cores containing known erosional hiatuses. Using biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic analysis, erosional hiatuses were identified for three cores from two current-dominated environments: the northern Bermuda Rise and the south Indian Basin. The cores were contiguously subsampled and the magnetic susceptibility (K), the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) and the anhysteretic susceptibility (KARM) were measured. The AMS parameters h and q were used to describe the relative magnitude and the shape, respectively, of the representative susceptibility ellipsoid. The concentration-independent and dimensionless ratio KARM/K was used to indicate relative changes in magnetic grain size. Hiatuses in the three cores were marked by unusually high values of h and q indicating a greater development of internal fabric with a more linear fabric representation; depressed values of KARM/K indicated a coarser mean magnetic grain size. The magnitude of this signal, however, did not have a simple relationship with hiatus duration. t-test results statistically confirmed the existence of an erosional signature. To enhance the applicability of this technique, a quantitative discriminant model was constructed and calibrated using the magnetic characteristics of erosion. Since this model was constructed from samples of known ‘erosional’ and ‘non-erosional’ character, the discriminant functions could then be used as reference equations to identify erosion in other cores. Biostratigraphic and oxygen isotopic data from a 14 m core from the northern Bermuda Rise, extending back to isotopic stage 8 (∼ 250 ka BP), indicate two short intervals of low accumulation rate which, for this region, are most probably attributable to bottom current erosion. Magnetic data for this core were entered into the reference discriminant model and the two zones of suspected erosion were classified by the functions as being highly ‘crosional’ in character. Zones of probable erosion were identified at several other levels in the core. The timing of these short-term crosional events was found to coincide closely with glacial intervals, suggesting that bottom currents active on the northern Bermuda Rise were invigorated periodically during glacial maxima at c, 18, 58, 64, 85, 130–140, 165–180, 225, and 250 ka BP.
Queueing with reneging

In this paper we consider a queue in which a person, having joined, may decide to leave and give up service if it appears that the time consumed will exceed some maximum which he has available. Specifically, three problems are treated: a) How to make a rational (sequential) decision while waiting in the queue, b) the probable effect of this decision, and c) the behavior of a queue in which all persons are employing such a procedure.
Visuomotor interactions in responses of neurons in the middle and lateral suprasylvian cortices of the behaving cat

We studied visuomotor processing in the middle (MS) and lateral suprasylvian (LS) cortices of the alert cat by making single cell recordings while the cat was working in a behavioral task requiring visual fixation and visually guided eye movements. We found responses with three different components: visual sensory, saccaderelated motor, and fixation. Some cells exhibited purely visual responses and all of their activity during visuomotor tasks could be attributed to the sensory aspects of the task. Other cells showed no sensory response properties, but discharged in relation to the saccadic eye movements that the cat made to visual targets. A smaller number of fixation cells displayed increased discharge when the cat fixated a target light and usually only when that target was in a particular region of the visual field.
Glial Responses After Chorda Tympani Nerve Injury

The chorda tympani (CT) nerve innervates lingual taste buds and is susceptible to damage during dental and inner ear procedures. Interruption of the CT results in a disappearance of taste buds, which can be accompanied by taste disturbances. Because the CT usually regenerates to reinnervate taste buds successfully within a few weeks, a persistence of taste disturbances may indicate alterations in central nervous function. Peripheral injury to other sensory nerves leads to glial responses at central terminals, which actively contribute to abnormal sensations arising from nerve damage. Therefore, the current study examined microglial and astrocytic responses in the first central gustatory relay, the nucleus of the solitary tract (nTS), after transection of the CT. Damage to the CT resulted in significant microglial responses in terms of morphological reactivity and an increased density of microglial cells from 2 to 20 days after injury. This increased microglial population resulted primarily from microglial proliferation from 1.5 to 3 days, which was supplemented by microglial migration within subdivisions of the nTS between days 2 and 3. Unlike other nerve injuries, CT injury did not result in recruitment of bone marrow-derived precursors. Astrocytes also reacted in the nTS with increased levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by 3 days, although none showed evidence of cell division. GFAP levels remained increased at 30 days, by which time microglial responses had resolved. These results show that nerve damage to the CT results in central glial responses, which may participate in longlasting taste alterations following CT lesion. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:2712–2729, 2012.
Elements of an Approach to the Assessment of Systematic Uncertainty in Transient Measurements

We present an approach to the assessment of random uncertainty in transient measurements based on the modeling of a time series that is representative of the variable of interest. The recommended approach employs conventional regression techniques to estimate all parameters that appear in a model for a given time series. Assessments of random uncertainty are based on the residual deviations associated with an adequate model for a given time series. The approach also incorporates a treatment of the dynamic response of measurement system as it pertains to random uncertainty in transient measurements.
Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Gynoeceumsstruktur der Papaveraceae Juss. s. str

Die Struktur der parakarpen Gynoeceen in der Unterfamilie Papaveroideae der Familie Papaveraceae Juss. wird seit uber 150 Jahren unterschiedlich interpretiert. Neben der Auffassung, das das Gynoeceum so viele Karpelle wie Valven besitzt, existiert die Vorstellung, das unterschiedliche Karpellformen (fertile “solide” bzw. “kontrahierte” Karpelle und sterile “Valven-” bzw. “expandierte” Karpelle) am Aufbau beteiligt sind. Zur Klarung dieser Frage wurden die Gynoeceen zahlreicher Gattungen morphologisch untersucht, wobei der Vaskulatur der Plazentarregionen besondere Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt wurde. Verschiedene teratologische Gynoeceen wurden ebenfalls unter diesem Aspekt ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse lassen den Schlus zu, das die Gynoeceen in der Unterfamilie Papaveroideae aus Karpellen zweier Formen zusammengesetzt sind. Valvenkarpelle alternieren mit mehr oder weniger stark kontrahierten Karpellen, die Hauptbestandteil der Plazentarregionen sind. Beide Karpellformen sind jedoch fertil. In der Unterfamilie Platystemonoideae ERNST tritt lediglich eine Karpellform auf, das “klassische” Karpell. Es wird eine Ubersicht uber die Herausbildung und die Evolutionstrends des Gynoeceums in der Familie gegeben. The structure of the paracarpous gynoecea in the subfamily Papaveroideae of Papaveraceae Juss. has been interpreted differently for more than 150 years. One conception is that there are as many carpels as valves in the gynoeceum. Another assumption postulates that the gynoeceum is composed of different carpel forms (fertile “solid” or “contracted” carpels and sterile “valve” or “expanded” carpels). To enlighten that problem the gynoecea of selected genera had been studied morphologically. Particular stress had been laid on the vascularization of the placental regions. Several teratological gynoecea had also been analysed regarding that aspect. The results allow the conclusion that there are really two different carpel forms being integrated in the papaveroideous gynoeceum. Valve carpels alternate with more or less contracted carpels that are the main constituents of the placental regions. However, both carpel forms are fertile. Only one carpel form, the “classical” carpel, occurs in the subfamily Platystemonoideae ERNST. A schematic representation of the origin and the evolutionary trends of the papaveraceous gynoeceum is given.
The iAPX 286 protection architecture

The iAPX 286 is a 16 bit microprocessor introduced by Intel in 1982. Its main features are as follows.1) High performance, 2 to 3 times the performance of the Intel 8086 at equivalent clock speeds.2) A protection architecture that is capable of supporting secure and reliable systems.3) A high performance memory management and protection mechanism (high performance is retained when memory management and protection is turned on).4) Compatibility with the Intel 8086/8088.This article will give an overview of the protection architecture of the Intel iAPX 286.With current software technology, it is not feasible to implement large, or even medium sized, software systems that are completely correct. Generally the number of bugs increases at least linearly with the software size. If a system is to show some robustness its most crucial sections must be protected from less crucial sections. If enforcement of a security policy is the key measure of robustness, then the part of the operating system that enforces security must be small and protected from the rest of the system. Yet one does not want to throw the bulk of the operating system to the wolves; it should be protected from application software.One quickly comes to the conclusion that a traditional two level, user/supervisor, protection architecture is not adequate for supporting secure, high performance, systems. Instead, a Multics-like ring architecture [1] was chosen for the iAPX 286.
Imprecise models in combinational systems

The theory of fuzzy switching functions described in this paper is related to the theory of fuzzy sets and to the treatment of switching circuits in the binary world. In this paper we are concerned with the study of such imprecise mechanisms, their properties, and possible applications. The enumeration of the number of distinct fuzzy switching functions will be addressed as well as minimization and simplification procedures.
Matrix isolation study of the 1:1 molecular complexes of (CH3)3Al with group V and VI bases

Abstract 1:1 molecular complexes of trimethylaluminum with group V and VI bases have been isolated, after merged jet codeposition of the precursors, and characterized by infrared spectroscopy. Three of the complexes studied here, (CH3)3Al·P(CH3)3, (CH3)3Al·O(CH3)2 and (CH3)3Al·S(CH3)2, have been seen previously in solid state experiments, while two have not yet been reported ((CH3)3Al·PH3 and (CH3)3Al·OC(CH3)2). Significant shifting of vibrational modes of both the acid and base subunits in the complexes was observed; a reduction in symmetry of the (CH3)3Al from effective D3h to Cs was indicated by the removal of the degeneracy of the E vibrational modes. The yield of product varied dramatically with the different bases employed, probably due to competition with the self-dimerization reaction of (CH3)3Al.
Anisotropic cylindrical shell element based on discrete Kirchhoff theory

A triangular cylindrical shell element based on discrete Kirchhoff theory is developed. It is a three-node, 27-degrees-of-freedom element using cubic polynomials for the tangential and normal displacement interpolations. The normal rotations are independently interpolated by quadratic polynomials. The formulation is capable of modelling general anisotropy representative of multi-layered, multi-directionally oriented composite construction. The numerical results indicate that the solution for displacements and stresses of cylindrical shells converge monotonically and rapidly to those based on deep shell theory.
Phosphorus-oxygen bond cleavages during trimethylsilyl-derivatization of condensed polyphosphates and related nucleotides

Abstract The importance of unavoidable phosphorusoxygen bond cleavage reactins during trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization of condensed polyphosphates is demonstrated. Pyrophosphate linkages are cleaved to produce significant amounts of the per-TMS-orthophosphate derivative whereas triphosphate linkages are cleaved to produce mixtures of per-TMS-ortho- and per-TMS-pyrophosphates. Present evidence is sufficient to show thal all these processes occur primarily in the reagent solution during the derivatization procedures and not after injection into the gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) column. A general mechanism to explain these complex reactions is discussed. It is concluded that these cleavage processes are sufficient to preclude trimethylsilylation as a useful approach to achieve quantitative GLC analysis of condensed polyphosphates and related nucleotides.
Militarising the drug war in Bolivia

(1992). Militarising the drug war in Bolivia. Third World Quarterly: Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 353-370.
InP/InGaAs resonant cavity enhanced photodetector and light emitting diode with external mirrors on Si

Epitaxial lift-off (ELO) techniques were employed in the fabrication of InP/InGaAs vertical surface light emitting diodes and resonant cavity enhanced photodetectors on Si. External mirrors were employed consisting of Si/SiO/sub 2/ quarter wave dielectric stacks. The main peak in the emission spectrum of the fabricated device has an FWHM of 8 nm. The spectral response of the photodetector shows wavelength selectivity, and with an InGaAs absorbing layer only 0.1 mu m thick a peak quantum efficiency of 0.48 was obtained in the 1.5 mu m spectral region.
Direct Energy Conversion Nano-hybrid Fuel

Most of the exothermic nuclear reactions transfer the mass defect or binding and surplus energy into kinetic energy of the resulting particles. These particles are traveling through material lattices, interacting by ionization and nuclear collisions. Placing an assembly of conductive-insulating layers in the path of such radiation, the ionization energy is transformed into charge accumulation by polarization. The result is a super-capacitor charged by the moving particles and discharged electrically. Another more promising solution is to use bi-material nanoparticles organized such as to act like a serial connection and add the voltage. A spherical symmetry fission products source coated in several nano-layers is desired for such structures. The system may operate as dry or liquid-immersed battery, removing the fission products from the fissile material. There is a tremendous advantage over the current heat flow based thermal stabilization system allowing a power density up to 1000 times higher.
Ecological Statistical Studies concerning Environmental Pollution and Chronic Disease

Ecological statistical studies employing methods of multivariate analysis, based on a radiomimetic or mutagenic hypothesis, have yielded a number of statistically significant multiple regression equations in which concentrations of environmental chemicals, largely air pollutants, predict annual mortality rates for major categories of cancer and heart disease, as well as for congenital malformations, for populations of 38 metropolitan areas of the United States. Median age of these populations was also predicted statistically. Squares of multiple correlation coefficients R2 in excess of 0.5 were frequently obtained for these equations along with related t and F statistics of suitable magnitude. A new computer program for optimal regression analysis was employed in the studies. Among the chemical predictors whose atmospheric concentrations are frequently found positively correlated with mortality rates are SO2, NO2, and particulate sulfate. Among frequently recurring negatively correlated predictors are Cu, Cd, and Ti. Evidence regarding whether SO2 and NO2 may be considered as mutagenic hazards to life is discussed, as are some potentially relevant biochemical functions of the metals.
'Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus' proteins orthologous with pSymA-encoded proteins of Sinorhizobium meliloti: hypothetical roles in plant host interaction.

Sinorhizobium meliloti strain 1021, a nitrogen-fixing, root-nodulating bacterial microsymbiont of alfalfa, has a 3.5 Mbp circular chromosome and two megaplasmids including 1.3 Mbp pSymA carrying nonessential ‘accessory’ genes for nitrogen fixation (nif), nodulation and host specificity (nod). A related bacterium, psyllid-vectored ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus,’ is an obligate phytopathogen with a reduced genome that was previously analyzed for genes orthologous to genes on the S. meliloti circular chromosome. In general, proteins encoded by pSymA genes are more similar in sequence alignment to those encoded by S. meliloti chromosomal orthologs than to orthologous proteins encoded by genes carried on the ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ genome. Only two ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ proteins were identified as having orthologous proteins encoded on pSymA but not also encoded on the chromosome of S. meliloti. These two orthologous gene pairs encode a Na+/K+ antiporter (shared with intracellular pathogens of the family Bartonellacea) and a Co++, Zn++ and Cd++ cation efflux protein that is shared with the phytopathogen Agrobacterium. Another shared protein, a redox-regulated K+ efflux pump may regulate cytoplasmic pH and homeostasis. The pSymA and ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ orthologs of the latter protein are more highly similar in amino acid alignment compared with the alignment of the pSymA-encoded protein with its S. meliloti chromosomal homolog. About 182 pSymA encoded proteins have sequence similarity (≤E-10) with ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ proteins, often present as multiple orthologs of single ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ proteins. These proteins are involved with amino acid uptake, cell surface structure, chaperonins, electron transport, export of bioactive molecules, cellular homeostasis, regulation of gene expression, signal transduction and synthesis of amino acids and metabolic cofactors. The presence of multiple orthologs defies mutational analysis and is consistent with the hypothesis that these proteins may be of particular importance in host/microbe interaction and their duplication likely facilitates their ongoing evolution.
Automatic tuning of coupled inductor filters

A coupled inductor filter is presented with interesting notch mode filtering characteristics. Although this configuration has been long established, it has received little attention. The new contribution of this paper is to provide an automatic tuning process that can make use of the frequency domain characteristics of the coupled inductor building block. In a sense, this becomes an "active" filter technique that uses passive elements for implementation. The combination offers potential performance improvements in comparison with active filters.
Identification, cloning and characterization of a GDSL lipase secreted into the nectar of Jacaranda mimosifolia.

The presence and function of several proteins secreted into floral nectars has been described in recent years. Here we report the presence of at least eight distinct proteins secreted into the floral nectar of the tropical tree Jacaranda mimosifolia (Bignoniaceae). Steps were initiated to identify and characterize these proteins in order to determine potential functions. The N-terminal sequence of the major Jacaranda nectar protein, JNP1, at 43 kDa contained similarity with members of the plant GDSL lipase/esterase gene family. Based upon this sequence, a full-length cDNA was isolated and predicted to encode a mature protein of 339 amino acids with a molecular mass of 37 kDa. Both raw nectar and heterologously expressed JNP1 displayed lipase/esterase activities. Interestingly, J. mimosifolia flowers produce an opaque, white colored nectar containing spherical, lipophilic particles approximately 5 μm in diameter and smaller. GS-MS analysis also identified the accumulation of free fatty acids within the nectar. It is proposed that JNP1 hydrolyzes Jacaranda nectar lipids with the concomitant release of free fatty acids. Potential functions of JNP1 in relation to pollinator attraction and prevention of microbial growth within nectar are briefly discussed.
God Has Made It Plain to Them: An Indictment of Rome's Hermeneutic of Homophobia:

Roman Catholic exegesis is carried out in an explicitly ecclesial context involving formally recognized methods of interpretation and a long history of tradition, theology, culture and religiously authoritative teaching. Within this framework, the issue of homosexuality and same-gender marriage is evaluated with particular attention to Paul's indictment of the gentiles in Romans I. This article attempts to highlight the dissonance between the Church's historical-critical approach to biblical exegesis and the authoritative teachings on homosexuality that have been disseminated from Rome. The root of this dissonance is located in an identifiable and systemic homophobia pervasive throughout the Roman Catholic hierarchy. A solution to the problem is suggested in the application of Reimund Bieringer's hermeneutic of the “Normativity of the Future.” The article concludes by highlighting the most salient elements of this study in a pointed critique of the tragic pastoral ramifications of Rome's current position ...
Experimental investigation of the hydrodynamic forces on the shroud of a centrifugal pump impeller

Fluid-induced forces acting on a rotating impeller are known to cause rotor-dynamic problems in turbomachines. The forces generated by leakage flow along the front shroud surface of a centrifugal turbomachine impeller play an important role among these fluid-induced forces. The present research was aimed to gain a better understanding of these shroud forces. An experimental apparatus was designed and constructed to simulate the impeller shroud leakage flow. Hydrodynamic forces, steady and unsteady pressure distributions on the rotating shroud were measured as functions of eccentricity, width of shroud clearance, face seal clearance and shaft rotating speed. The forces measured from the dynamometer and manometers agreed well. The hydrodynamic force matrices were found skew-symmetric and statically unstable. This is qualitatively similar to the result of previous hydrodynamic volute force measurements. Nondimensionalized normal and tangential forces decrease slightly as Reynolds number increases. As the width of the shroud clearance decreases and/or the eccentricity increases, the hydrodynamic forces increase nonlinearly. There was some evidence found that increased front seal clearance could reduce the radial shroud forces and the relative magnitude of the destabilizing tangential force. Subharmonic pressure fluctuations were also observed which may affect adversely the behavior of the rotor system.
Sibling Donor and Recipient Immune Modulation With Atorvastatin for the Prophylaxis of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Purpose Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Atorvastatin is a potent immunomodulatory agent that holds promise as a novel and safe agent for acute GVHD prophylaxis. Patients and Methods We conducted a phase II trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of atorvastatin administration for GVHD prophylaxis in both adult donors and recipients of matched sibling allogeneic HCT. Atorvastatin (40 mg per day orally) was administered to sibling donors, starting 14 to 28 days before the anticipated first day of stem-cell collection. In HCT recipients (n = 30), GVHD prophylaxis consisted of tacrolimus, short-course methotrexate, and atorvastatin (40 mg per day orally). Results Atorvastatin administration in healthy donors and recipients was not associated with any grade 3 to 4 adverse events. Cumulative incidence rates of grade 2 to 4 acute GVHD at days +100 and +180 were 3.3% (95% CI, 0.2% to 14.8%) and 11.1% (95% CI, 2...
Managing the new-technology cycle from R&D to product introduction: a framework and overall technology strategy

Concern is shown that the multiple dimensions of new-technology product development are not managed in a coordinated manner across the entire product development cycle. The complexity of doing this is likened to managing the wave patterns of an ocean. A phase model framework is presented that shows five phases of technology and high-tech product development activities, the interrelationships among these activities, and the need to integrate and coordinate these activities. An overall technology management strategy for the entire cycle is presented that consists of a set of seventeen component strategies, in five groups. This overall technology management strategy is believed to help integrate the technology and high-tech product development cycle activities and to provide focus for competing on the basis of technology. >
SEISMIC EVALUATION OF ATYPICAL SPECIAL PLATE SHEAR WALLS

The structure of a building undergoing a seismic reevaluation at the Idaho National Laboratory includes a number of steel plate walls and a roof liner which will act as shear diaphragms during an earthquake. Since the facility was designed and built long before such criteria were formulated, it is not surprising that these walls are not configured to meet all of the recently formulated requirements for such structures. To take advantage of this unusual structural feature, nonlinear analysis was used to ensure accurate modeling of the plate walls in a linear elastic seismic analysis of the full superstructure. The modeling was also used to establish the capacity of the plate.
“Anabaptism” and Italy

Modern research dealing with the radical fringe of the Reformation has by-passed the problem of that Italian evangelical movement which is usually assumed to have been connected with northern “Anabaptism.” Students of “Anabaptist” history, however, while they have sought to clarify the distinctions within the movement as well as the features common to its component parts, have laid the groundwork for a reconsideration of the precise position of the Italian radicals. One approach to the problem might focus attention on the question of the relationship of Italian reformers to the “Anabaptist” movement in general. However, it has become increasingly obvious that the term “Anabaptism” was applied to a great variety of individuals and groups which had in common little more than their condemnation of infant baptism. As new criteria have been set up for separating the parts of this confusing mixture, there stand out most prominently at the center of the “Anabaptist” movement certain sects which modern German scholars call the “Taufer,” viz., the Swiss Brethren, the Hutterite Brethren, and the Mennonites; and we shall follow their usage here. The Taufer differed from the Protestant state churches principally in their conception of the nature of the church and, in their stress on discipleship. The latter emphasis implies man's ability to lead a life patterned after the life of Christ, while their conception of the church as a closed community of voluntary believers underlay their insistence upon the need for adult baptism. This insistence, which carried with it a denial of the efficacy of infant baptism, was the point in their teachings that aroused the opposition of contemporaries, signifying, as it did, their non-conformity to established practices and institutions.
Cutting Edge: Antibody-Dependent Memory-like NK Cells Distinguished by FcRγ Deficiency

Because NK cells lack gene-recombination machinery and are thought to be relatively short-lived, it is unclear whether NK cells can mount long-term effective recall responses to reinfections by diverse pathogens. In this article, we report that FcRγ-deficient NK cells, which we recently identified and termed g(-)NK cells, possess distinct memory features directed by FcR-mediated Ab-dependent target recognition. The presence of g(-)NK cells was associated with prior human CMV (HMCV) infection, yet g(-)NK cell responses were not restricted to HCMV-infected target cells. In the presence of virus-specific Abs, g(-)NK cells had greatly enhanced functional capabilities, superior to conventional NK cells, and were highly responsive to cells infected with either HCMV or HSV-1. Remarkably, the g(-)NK cell subset persisted long-term at nearly constant levels in healthy individuals. Therefore, FcRγ deficiency distinguishes an Ab-dependent memory-like NK cell subset with enhanced potential for broad antiviral responses.
New Insights Into Molecular Mechanisms of Diabetic Kidney Disease

Diabetic kidney disease remains a major microvascular complication of diabetes and the most common cause of chronic kidney failure requiring dialysis in the United States. Medical advances over the past century have substantially improved the management of diabetes mellitus and thereby have increased patient survival. However, current standards of care reduce but do not eliminate the risk of diabetic kidney disease, and further studies are warranted to define new strategies for reducing the risk of diabetic kidney disease. In this review, we highlight some of the novel and established molecular mechanisms that contribute to the development of the disease and its outcomes. In particular, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic kidney disease, with special emphasis on the mitochondrial oxidative stress and microRNA targets. Additionally, candidate genes associated with susceptibility to diabetic kidney disease and alterations in various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors are addressed briefly.
Encephalitis Virus Persistence in California Birds: Experimental Infections in Mourning Doves (Zenaidura macroura)

After-hatching and hatching year, mourning doves were infected by inoculation with either western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) or St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) viruses; some birds in each group also were treated with the immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide before and during infection. Cyclophosphamide treatment significantly increased the WEE viremia but did not alter the antibody response. In contrast, cyclophosphamide-treated and -untreated doves did not develop a detectable SLE viremia but became antibody positive. Antibody peaked at 10 wk after inoculation for both viruses and remained detectable in most birds throughout the 26-wk study. When treated with cyclophosphamide the following spring, birds did not relapse and develop a detectable viremia. Previously infected birds were protected when challenged with conspecific virus (i.e., none produced a detectable viremia), but there was no anamnestic antibody response to reinfection. In agreement with our failure to detect relapses, all birds were negative for viral RNA when sera, spleen, lung, and kidney tissues were tested by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction after necropsy. Our results indicated that adult mourning doves were an incompetent host for SLE virus and probably do not serve as a suitable overwintering or dispersal host for either WEE and SLE viruses.
Social support's relationship to correctional staff job stress, job involvement, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment

Abstract The literature suggests that social support, in general, is linked to positive outcomes among correctional staff, but the different types of social support may differ in their effects. Using survey data from staff working at a privately-owned, maximum security prison for juveniles sentenced as adults, this study analyzes three intra-organizational supports, administrative, supervisory, and coworker, and one extra-organizational form, family/friends support, as antecedents of job stress, job involvement, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Personal variables serve as controls. Administrative and supervisory support are inversely related to job stress, while job involvement is affected positively by supervisory support and negatively by family/friends support. All three intra-organizational forms of support are significant antecedents of job satisfaction and organizational commitment however family/friends support is not. These findings hold implications for improving job outcomes among correctional staff and for future research.
Digging Deeper into the Seed Proteome: Prefractionation of Total Proteins

Seeds are a common experimental system for many reasons. Among these: (i) they occupy a major niche in agriculture and human nutrition; (ii) they are a rich source of critical genetic information; and (iii) they are a near-ideal system for the study of phytohormone action or the transition from either dormancy or quiescence to active growth and development. One important component of all of these considerations is occurrence of the highly-abundant seed storage proteins (SSP). While on the one hand the high levels of proteins present in seeds make them attractive subjects, the SSP themselves are anathema to proteomics analyses. Without some sort of pretreatment removal of SSP, they will be virtually the only proteins identified in shotgun proteomics analyses. Here in, we describe and compare several methods commonly used to deplete samples of SSP, present the relatively recent application of combinatorial-ligand random-peptide libraries to seed proteomics studies, and speculate briefly on the short-term future.
Realizing the International Human Right to Health: The Challenge of For-Profit Health Care

Today, nation-states are struggling to maintain public health insurance coverage and public health protections. Even developed countries with generous programs are reviewing commitments toward health. For many developing countries, meeting the health care needs of their populations is beyond reach. The international human right to health is a useful tool to sort out the obligations that nation-states, regional and local governments, private organizations, and the international community owe individuals in terms of assuring access to health care services and public health protections. This article addresses the outstanding and critical issue in the realization of the international human right to health: how to reconcile the economic reality of providing and supplying health care goods and services through for-profit business modes. Included in this analysis is a critique of free trade agreements in the realization of the international human right to health.
Inductive Metanomics: Economic Experiments in Virtual Worlds

This research investigates the viability of gaining insights about the real world through conducting economic experiments in virtual worlds. This paper reviews the relevant metanomics literature, discusses the challenges and benefits of establishing a virtual experimental economics lab, and outlines the major issues associated with applying data collected in virtual worlds to answer questions about real-world behavior. Virtual experimental infrastructure enables a dramatically larger and more diverse sample than typical lab-based experiments studying college students, which can enable a more robust analysis within a given budget. However, while anonymity, variance in perceived social norms, and a low prevailing wage make virtual worlds a compelling place to study social and behavioral research, these features simultaneously limit induction of virtual data to provide insight into similar phenomena outside virtual worlds.
Color Phases of the Roof Rat, Rattus rattus

Widespread confusion regarding the subspeciation of Rattus rattus persists among zoologists and others who are concerned with rat control. Although the first volume of the Journal of Mammalogy contained a reference to the problem (Miller, 1920), little progress toward its solution has been reported. In the United States, three subspecies of Raltus rattus are widely recognized in accordance to their pelage coloration, as follows: Back brown, belly white— frugivorus ; back brown, belly dark gray— alexandrinus ; back and belly both dark gray— raltus . Hinton (1931) recorded his views on the evolution of these subspecies from a form closely resembling R. r. frugivorus . Reese (1919) and Anthony (1928) recognized only R. r. rattus and R. r. alexandrinus ; however, the trend toward taxonomic division into the three outlined subspecies has become increasingly strong. Recent government publications describe these forms as separate subspecies (Silver, 1942; Florida State Board of Health, 1951). Field workers have frequently reported black and brown rats …
“The Only Way Out Is In”: Power, Race, and Sexuality Under Capitalism in The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao

ABSTRACTThe essay argues that Junot Diaz’s 2007 novel—and, coextensively, the author’s interviews and public commentaries—engage in ideological critique of how racialized masculinity, femininity, and sexuality are produced by the disciplining discourses of U.S., Dominican, and diasporic society and culture. Departing from prevailing readings, the essay asserts that Diaz allegorizes both the repressive and the harder-to-resist, productive forms of postcolonial power, elaborating a non-emancipatory version of decolonization.
The Defining Relation for the Canonical Lifting (l = 1)

We re-examine equation (13.3.21) for q = ϕ1− ϕ. The hypotheses are as in Theorem 13.3 but we restrict our attention to the case Min(a, b) > c. (The extension to the case c > Max(a, b) causes no new difficulty.)
A Large Clinical Image Archive System

In January of 1989, Mayo Foundation began storing digital images on a central digital archive at the Rochester, Minnesota campus. Subsequently, a similar archive was established for digital images at the Mayo facility in Jacksonville, Florida. A two tier storage scheme is utilized: optical storage media provide long-term storage of images, and current images are stored on magnetic media on file servers. The combined optical archives in Rochester and Jacksonville currently contain more than 4 million images of which 350,000 images are available in an optical jukebox. Approximately 10,000 images are available for rapid access on file servers.
Screening a Commercial Library of Pharmacologically Active Small Molecules against Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms

It is now well established that bacterial infections are often associated with biofilm phenotypes that demonstrate increased resistance to common antimicrobials. Further, due to the collective attrition of new antibiotic development programs by the pharmaceutical industries, drug repurposing is an attractive alternative. In this work, we screened 1,280 existing commercially available drugs in the Prestwick Chemical Library, some with previously unknown antimicrobial activity, against Staphylococcus aureus, one of the commonly encountered causative pathogens of burn and wound infections. From the primary screen of the entire Prestwick Chemical Library at a fixed concentration of 10 μM, 104 drugs were found to be effective against planktonic S. aureus strains, and not surprisingly, these were mostly antimicrobials and antiseptics. The activity of 18 selected repurposing candidates, that is, drugs that show antimicrobial activity that are not already considered antimicrobials, observed in the primary screen was confirmed in dose-response experiments. Finally, a subset of nine of these drug candidates was tested against preformed biofilms of S. aureus We found that three of these drugs, niclosamide, carmofur, and auranofin, possessed antimicrobial activity against preformed biofilms, making them attractive candidates for repurposing as novel antibiofilm therapies.
Leadership Style of Indian Women in the Context of the GLOBE Cultural Framework

Entrepreneurship is essentially a leadership activity—the entrepreneur creates an organization or business that is in many ways a reflection of the personality, attitude, activities, and characteristics of the individual who founded it. This chapter draws upon the cultural framework of the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) study on leadership characteristics at the macro level, and analyzes the emerging phenomenon of Indian women entrepreneurs with a view to understanding what leadership characteristics are embodied and expressed by them at a micro level.
A Statistical Framework for the Prediction of Fault-Proneness

Accurate prediction of fault prone modules in software development process enables effective discovery and identification of the defects. Such prediction models are especially valuable for the large-scale systems, where verification experts need to focus their attention and resources to problem areas in the system under development. This paper presents a methodology for predicting fault prone modules using a modified random forests algorithm. Random forests improve classification accuracy by growing an ensemble of classification trees and letting them vote on the classification decision. We applied the methodology to five NASA public domain defect data sets. These data sets vary in size, but all typically contain a small number of defect samples in the learning set. For instance, in project PC1, only around 7% of the instances are defects. If overall accuracy maximization is the goal, then learning from such data usually results in a biased classifier, i.e. the majority of samples would be classified into non-defect class. To obtain better prediction of fault-proneness, two strategies are investigated: proper sampling technique in constructing the tree classifiers, and threshold adjustment in determining the winning class. Both are found to be effective in accurate prediction of fault prone modules. In addition, the paper presents a thorough and statistically sound comparison of these methods against ten other classifiers frequently used in the literature.
Xenogeneic Transplantation: Immunologic Issues and Future Prospects

Xenogeneic transplantation is the transplantation of organs between species. The idea of using animal organs for human patients has been a source of fascination for decades and it has been tried clinically several times in the past. However, the better survival of allogeneic organs and their increased supply after the concept of brain death was accepted ended this effort. More recently, the success and growth of clinical transplantation has again caused a shortage of donor organs and there is renewed interest in the possibility of xenografting. This paper will briefly review some mmunologic and non-immunologic issues in xenografting in order to assess the prospects for its future application.
Mass of 11 O

A recent parametrization of two-proton separation energies in O and Ne nuclei allows a prediction of the energy of ${}^{11}$O(g.s.): ${S}_{2p}=\ensuremath{-}5.41(11)$ MeV, which is considerably more unbound than another recent estimate.
Effects of proton irradiation on structural and electrochemical charge storage properties of TiO2 nanotube electrodes for lithium-ion batteries

The effects of proton irradiation on nanostructured metal oxides have been investigated. Recent studies suggest that the presence of structural defects (e.g. vacancies and interstitials) in metal oxides may enhance the material's electrochemical charge storage capacity. A new approach to introduce defects in electrode materials is to use ion irradiation as it can produce a supersaturation of point defects in the target material. In this work we report the effect of low-energy proton irradiation on amorphous TiO2 nanotube electrodes at both room temperature and high temperature (250 °C). Upon room temperature irradiation the nanotubes demonstrate an irradiation-induced phase transformation to a mixture of amorphous, anatase, and rutile domains while showing a 35% reduction in capacity compared to anatase TiO2. On the other hand, the high temperature proton irradiation induced a disordered rutile phase within the nanotubes as characterized by Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, which displays an improved capacity by 20% at ∼240 mA h g−1 as well as improved rate capability compared to an unirradiated anatase sample. Voltammetric sweep data were used to determine the contributions from diffusion-limited intercalation and capacitive processes and it was found that the electrodes after irradiation had more contributions from diffusion in lithium charge storage. Our work suggests that tailoring the defect generation through ion irradiation within metal oxide electrodes could present a new avenue for designing advanced electrode materials.
Timing effects on the inhibition of apoptosis by Toxoplasma gondii infection (MPF6P.655)

Toxoplasma gondii inhibits apoptosis in infected cells. This inhibition requires ongoing protein synthesis. Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan that exists as an obligate intracellular parasite. Inhibiting apoptosis in infected cells may help preserve the parasite from damage by cytotoxic T lymphocytes during the immune response. Many inducers of apoptosis, such as cytokine withdrawal, have a long lag time and others, such as CTL killing, are cumbersome, so for this study, we focused on apoptosis induced by beauvericin and measured by nuclear morphology of cells observation in a UV microscope. Beauvericin is a toxin produced by certain fungi that is capable of inducing programmed cell death when cells are exposed. To determine the longevity of the inhibitory effect by Toxoplasma, we used cycloheximide to inhibit protein production after infection of the cells and monitored the loss of inhibition over time. We also evaluated how quickly after infection inhibition of apoptosis can be observed. We also share our observation of an in vitro artifact we inadvertently discovered: that mycoplasma infection interferes with infection of some cells by Toxoplasmam, resulting in a reduction in the inhibition of apoptosis.
Restriction and modification of deoxyarchaeosine (dG+)-containing phage 9 g DNA.

E. coli phage 9 g contains the modified base deoxyarchaeosine (dG+) in its genome. The phage encodes its own primase, DNA ligase, DNA polymerase, and enzymes necessary to synthesize and incorporate dG+. Here we report phage 9 g DNA sensitivity to >200 Type II restriction endonucleases (REases). Among the REases tested approximately 29% generated complete or partial digestions, while the remaining 71% displayed resistance to restriction. Phage 9 g restriction fragments can be degraded by DNA exonucleases or ligated by T3 and T4 DNA ligases. In addition, we examined a number of cytosine and adenine methyltransferases to generate double base modifications. M.AluI, M.CviPI, M.HhaI, and M.EcoGII were able to introduce 5mC or N6mA into 9 g DNA as confirmed by partial resistance to restriction and by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A number of wild-type E. coli bacteria restricted phage 9 g, indicating natural restriction barriers exist in some strains. A BlastP search of GenBank sequences revealed five glutamine amidotransferase-QueC homologs in Enterobacteria and Pseudomonas phage, and distant homologs in other phage and bacterial genomes, suggesting that dG+ is not a rare modification. We also mapped phage 9 g DNA packaging (pac) site containing two 21-bp direct repeats and a major terminase cleavage site in the phage genome.