cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factorization of Verbs

In this paper, we examine the correlation between lexical semantics and the syntactic realization of the different components of a word’s meaning in natural language. More specifically, we will explore the effect that lexical factorization in verb semantics has on the suppression or expression of semantic features within the sentence. Factorization was a common analytic tool employed in early generative linguistic approaches to lexical decomposition, and continues to play a role in contemporary semantics, in various guises and modified forms. Building on the unpublished analysis of verbs of seeing in Joshi (1972), we argue here that the significance of lexical factorization is twofold: first, current models of verb meaning owe much of their insight to factor-based theories of meaning; secondly, the factorization properties of a lexical item appear to influence, both directly and indirectly, the possible syntactic expressibility of arguments and adjuncts in sentence composition. We argue that this information can be used to compute what we call the factor expression likelihood (FEL) associated with a verb in a sentence. This is the likelihood that the overt syntactic expression of a factor will cooccur with the verb. This has consequences for the compositional mechanisms responsible for computing the meaning of the sentence, as well as significance in the creation of computational models attempting to capture linguistic behavior over large corpora.
Abstract P006: A Potential Role for β-Arrestins in Cardiac Regeneration

Development of chronic heart failure (HF) syndrome following myocardial injury (MI) is characterized by an extensive loss of myocytes due to substantial apoptosis and necrosis. As bone marrow derived stem cells (BMSCs) are capable of transdifferentiating, they also show potential for regenerating the myocardium after infarction. Stem cell mobilization, egress from the bone marrow and homing to the site of injury can be regulated by signals through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). β-arrestins are known for their signalling and scaffolding functions and as downstream regulators of GPCR desensitization and endocytosis in particular. We have begun to investigate whether β-arrestins play any role in cardiac precursor cell function concentrating on the properties of BMSCs. Using knockout (KO) mice, we investigated the role β-arrestin1 (βArr1) and β-arrestin2 (βArr2) with respect to modulation of regenerative competence of BMSCs and their contribution to cardiac repair following ischemic injury. First, BM-derived cells devoid of either βArr1 or βArr2 were found to proliferate and colonize in a significantly deficient manner compared to BM cells isolated from wild-type (WT) mice. In addition, the number of c-kit positive cardiac stem cells (as a % of total BM) were significantly lower in the βArr KO mice compared to WT. We carried out BM transplant studies to begin to determine whether the βArrs may play a role in cardiac repair. In our study, WT mice were irradiated and then received BM transplants from either WT donors as a control or BM from βArr1 or βArr2 KO mice. Subsequent to BM reconstitution, mice underwent a myocardial infarction (MI) and their condition was followed. Interestingly, chimeric mice with βArr1 and βArr2 KO BM had significantly poorer outcomes than mice receiving WT BM. This included significantly decreased post-MI survival with βArr2 KO BM and both βArr chimeras had significantly lower cardiac function post-MI compared to mice receiving WT BM. Additionally, our analyses of the BM cells and very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) circulating in peripheral blood (PB), indicate that βArr-KO BM and PB contain fewer and less viable cardiac stem/precursor cells compared to WT transplanted controls.
Study on the social force model of personnel evacuation in large stadiums

It is a valuable question that how to evacuate the people rapidly and effectively in the large stadiums when the emergency event happened. The people has discontinuous, nonlinear and complex behavior characteristics in the evacuation process, and the architectural features of the stadiums have a direct impact on the evacuation time. In this paper, it studied on the relationship between the exit width, the thickness of the exit, the expected speed and the evacuation time using social force model. the results show that that there is an asymptotic relationship between the characteristics of the structures and the evacuation time, and the evacuation time reaches the optimal value with the change of the expected speed. The results can be used to guide the design of large stadiums and evacuation plans.
Murine pulmonary imaging at 7T: T2* and T1 with anisotropic UTE.

Purpose To measure the T2* and T1 of mouse lung at 7T via anisotropic-resolution radial ultrashort echo-time imaging with ellipsoidal k-space coverage. Methods Ellipsoidal field-of-view was created by expanding uniform spherical k-space coverage. The effects of T2* and ellipsoidal sampling on image resolution were investigated by using point-spread-function analysis and resolution phantoms. Finally, this ellipsoidal sampling approach was used to measure the lung T2* and T1 of healthy C57BL/6 mice at the increasingly common preclinical field strength of 7T. Results Lung parenchyma T2* of 17- to 23-week-old mice at 7T was 0.395 ± 0.033 ms. T1 of lung and left- and right-heart ventricles was 1452.5 ± 87.0 ms, 1810.5 ± 54.6 ms, and 1602.6 ± 120.9 ms, respectively. Ellipsoidal k-space sampling provides enhanced resolution for a fixed scanning time or provides equivalent (although anisotropic) spatial resolution with reduced scanning times, while simultaneously avoiding fold-in artifacts. Conclusion Using these techniques, the first T2* and T1 measures of mouse lung at 7T are reported. Ultrashort echo-time imaging with ellipsoidal k-space coverage significantly increases in-plane resolution without increasing scanning time, or equivalently, decreases scanning time while maintaining equivalent in-plane resolution. Magn Reson Med, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Design of Low-Power DSP-Free Coherent Receivers for Data Center Links

Coherent detection offers high spectral efficiency and receiver sensitivity, but digital signal processing (DSP)-based coherent receivers may be prohibitively power hungry for data centers even when optimized for short-reach applications, where fiber propagation impairments are less severe. We propose and evaluate low-power DSP-free homodyne coherent receiver architectures for dual-polarization quadrature phase shift keying (DP-QPSK) for inter- and intradata center links. We propose a novel optical polarization demultiplexing technique, for DP-QPSK and higher-order modulation formats, with three cascaded phase shifters driven by marker tone detection circuitry. We consider carrier recovery based on either optical or electrical phase-locked loops (PLLs). We propose a novel multiplier-free phase detector based on XOR gates, which exhibits less than 0.5 dB power penalty relative to a conventional Costas loop phase detector. We also study the relative performance of homodyne DP-differential QPSK, for which carrier phase recovery is unnecessary. Our proposed DSP-free architectures exhibit ∼1 dB power penalty at small chromatic dispersion compared to their DSP-based counterparts. We estimate conservatively that the high-speed analog electronics of an electrical PLL-based coherent receiver consume nearly 4 W for 200 Gbit/s DP-QPSK, assuming a 90-nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor process.
Measures of functioning using MSQ v2.1 in patients with a history of episodic migraine and treated with galcanezumab or placebo injections in a Phase 2 clinical trial (P2.179)

Objective: To evaluate changes from baseline to 12-week endpoint of two patient-reported disease-specific measures of functioning in adult patients with migraine treated with galcanezumab or placebo. Background: Migraine is a chronic neurological disease that significantly impacts one’s ability to perform daily activities. Galcanezumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to and blocks physiological activity of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Design/Methods: Male and female patients aged 18 to 65 years with a history of episodic migraine including 4 to 14 migraine headache days (MHD) and at least 2 migraine attacks per 28-day period were randomized. Galcanezumab (subcutaneous [SC] injection; 5, 50, 120, or 300 mg) or placebo (SC injection; 0.9% sodium chloride, USP; volume matched) was administered every 28 days for 12 weeks. Post-hoc analysis of the Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire v2.1 (MSQ) and Headache Impact Test (HIT-6™) was performed using only the 120-mg arm (n=60) vs placebo (n=127). Results: At baseline, MHD (average=6.69) did not correlate with HIT-6 or MSQ total scores, but did correlate with MSQ Role Function-Preventive (RFP; p=0.0246). MHD (average=2.76) correlated with HIT-6 and MSQ scores at 12 weeks following treatment (120-mg arm and placebo; all p Conclusions: Galcanezumab demonstrated significant improvements in functioning compared with placebo. Only one MSQ domain (RFP) correlated with number of MHD at baseline; however, all three MSQ domains were highly correlated with number of MHD post-treatment. Disclosure: Dr. Ford has received personal compensation for activities with Eli Lily and Company as an employee. Dr. Ford has stock and/or stock options in Eli Lily and Company. Dr. Ayer holds stock and/or stock options in Eli Lilly. Dr. Nyhuis has received personal compensation for activities with Eli Lilly and Company. Dr. Aurora has received personal compensation for activities with Eli Lilly and Company as an employee and Allergan as a consultant. Dr. Aurora hold stock and/or stock options in Lilly and Company. Dr. Carter has received personal compensation for activities with Eli Lilly and Company as an employee. Dr. Carter holds stock and/or stock options in Eli Lilly and Company.
Fundamentals of Counting Statistics in Digital PCR: I Just Measured Two Target Copies–What Does It Mean?

Current commercially available digital PCR (dPCR) systems and assays are capable of detecting individual target molecules with considerable reliability. As tests are developed and validated for use on clinical samples, the need to understand and develop robust statistical analysis routines increases. This chapter covers the fundamental processes and limitations of detecting and reporting on single molecule detection. We cover the basics of quantification of targets and sources of imprecision. We describe the basic test concepts: sensitivity, specificity, limit of blank, limit of detection, and limit of quantification in the context of dPCR. We provide basic guidelines how to determine those, how to choose and interpret the operating point, and what factors may influence overall test performance in practice.
Hormone Therapy for Transgender Men

This article provides an account of the current understanding of hormone therapy options for transgender men and emphasizes the importance of continued physician-supervised monitoring for long-term care.
DROSOPHILA HIGH MOBILITY GROUP PROTEINS

ABSTRACT High mobility group proteins or HMGs are thought to be involved in modulating nucleosome and chromatin structure and may actively participate in a number of different nuclear processes including transcription. We have attempted to identify HMGs of Drosophila melanogaster and to ascertain the locations of HMGs along salivary gland polytene chromosomes. Following protocols developed for higher eukaryotes, we find a set of HMG-like D. melanogaster polypeptides ranging in size from 13,000 to 65,000 daltons in apparent molecular weight on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The most abundant polypeptide in the Drosophila extracts is HI. The next most abundant polypeptides have apparent molecular weights of 65,000 and 16,000 daltons, respectively. Several minor polypeptides run in the region of HMGs of higher eukaryotes. However, the salt and acid solubility of these insect polypeptides differ from HMGs of higher eukaryotes, and no clearly homologous polypeptides to HMG 1 and 2 are seen in gel electrophoretic patterns. Invertebrate HMGs may differ substantially from their mammalian and avian counterparts.
Family Social Capital, Family Social Bonds, and Juvenile Delinquency

There is a long history in criminology of examining the effects of social bonds on criminal behavior. A similar conceptual framework that developed in sociology is social capital theory. Studies using these models have addressed the effects of parent–child relationships on adolescent behavior. However, social bond theory tends to predominate as an explanation of juvenile delinquency. We developed a comparative analysis of measures of family social bonds and family social capital using nationally representative data on youth (N = 6,432). Measurement models suggested that family social capital is a more parsimonious latent construct than family social bonds. Moreover, it is a more efficient predictor of delinquent behavior. Thus, we encourage criminologists to adopt family social capital as a promising concept and empirical variable in their quest to understand delinquent behavior.
Sensitivity theory for general nonlinear algebraic equations with constraints

The general development of a sensitivity theory for nonlinear algebraic equations with constraints is presented. Adjoint equations suitable for evaluating derivatives of system response functions with respect to input parameters are derived. The role of the solution of the constrained problem in eliminating nonessential constraints is highlighted. Two sample problems, one linear and one nonlinear, are solved to illustrate the theory.
The biosynthetic pathway for indole-3-acetic acid changes during tomato fruit development

Phytohormone metabolism during fruit ripening is critical to the controlof this developmental process, yet we know little about pathways for theproduction of many of these signaling compounds. Using stable isotope labelingin both an in vitro aseptic tomato fruit culture systemanddetached greenhouse-grown tomato fruit, we have shown by mass spectral analysisthat tomato uses the tryptophan-independent pathway to produce IAA fromanthranilate or indole. We also show that there is a developmental switch fromtryptophan utilization to tryptophan-independent production that occurs betweenmature green and red-ripe stages of fruit development. Moreover, this pathwayswitch does not appear to be associated with ripening per se in that fruit fromneverripe tomato plants also utilize the tryptophanindependent pathway.
Findings in Myocardial Ischemia by Metabolic Imaging with Positron Emission Tomography

The development of positron emission tomography and its application in patients with coronary artery disease offer the possibility to noninvasively demonstrate metabolic consequences of ischemia in human myocardium. Investigations performed with this new imaging modality have reported a segmental augmentation in glucose utilization in myocardial regions with either decreased blood flow or impaired contractile function or both [1–6]. Interventional restoration of blood flow to such myocardial regions can result in a significant improvement or even normalization of contractile function [2, 5]. The noninvasively demonstrated segmental augmentation of exogenous glucose utilization relative either to regional myocardial blood flow or to glucose utilization in normal myocardium has therefore been referred to as a metabolic correlate of “hibernating myocardium.” Rahimtoola was first to call attention to this particular state of altered myocardium [7]. Hibernating myocardium, according to Rahimtoola [7, 8] and Braunwald and Rutherford [9], is a state in which chronically reduced myocardial blood flow as a consequence of severe coronary artery disease is associated with an impairment in segmental contractile function. Presumably, a new steady state is attained in which demand adapts to the chronically diminished supply of blood flow and oxygen. Indeed, Braunwald and Rutherford [9] postulated that the impairment or loss of contractile function drastically reduces the energy requirements for contractile work and thus might exert a protective effect.
C-O-H Fluid Calculations and Granulite Genesis

Pervasive flooding of CO2 into the deep crust has been proposed as the cause of granulite facies metamorphism. One effect of CO2 infiltration would be the dilution of H2O and the stabilization of orthopyroxene-bearing assemblages. Calculations in the C-O-H system indicate that infiltration of CO2 into rocks whose oxygen fugacities are buffered to within the stability of graphite will cause graphite to precipitate. Oxygen fugacities determined from coexisting magnetite and ilmenite from three granulite facies terranes are sufficiently low so that it can be shown that most of these samples have not been flooded by sufficient CO2 to form granulites as graphite is not reported. Instead, most of these fO2 values are consistent with either H2O rich or vapor absent conditions assuming the fraction of non C-O-H components is relatively small. If these values of fO2 are common in rocks which were metamorphosed under conditions of low fH2O then vapor absent metamorphism may be common in granulites.
Describing the cull sow market network in the US: A pilot project.

Abstract Currently, little objective data is available describing the movements of cull sows and cull pigs through market channels or the association these movements with disease transmission risk. In this pilot study, we collected data to describe the scope and complexity of movements within the sow market channel. Premise ID tags where collected from all animals moving through a single slaughter plant over a one-week period in 2017. The premise ID’s were each cross referenced with a public database to obtain origin location, and each tag was matched with its final collection point (FCP). This allowed terminal market, FCP, and point of origin of each sow to be determined. Approximately 90.4% of all sows moving to the plant during the one-week period were identified, indicating the utility of this data collection approach. Sows originated from premises in 21 states and Canada, and shipped from collection points in 7 states and Canada. Sows traveled a median straight-line distance of 1057 km, identifying the national scope of the sow market. Of the sows identified, 86% entered the plant from a final shipping point that was within 240 km to the source farm. The remaining 14% traveled more than 240 km from the premise of origin to the final point of shipment with 2.5% traveling distances 5 times greater between premise and FCP, then from FCP to the plant. From this it was hypothesized that not only is the sow market national in scope, but a significant number of sows are moved between multiple collection points prior to arriving at the terminal market. The combination of these two factors makes the sow network a likely candidate of pathogen transmission throughout the swine industry.
Toward slow archives

This article examines the structures, practices, and processes of collection, cataloging, and curation to expose where current cultural authority is placed, valued, and organized within archival workflows. The long arc of collecting is not just rooted in colonial paradigms; it relies on and continually remakes those structures of injustice through the seemingly benign practices and processes of the profession. Our emphasis is on one mode of decolonizing processes that insist on a different temporal framework: the slow archives. Slowing down creates a necessary space for emphasizing how knowledge is produced, circulated, and exchanged through a series of relationships. Slowing down is about focusing differently, listening carefully, and acting ethically. It opens the possibility of seeing the intricate web of relationships formed and forged through attention to collaborative curation processes that do not default to normative structures of attribution, access, or scale.
Real and complex behavior for networks of coupled logistic maps

Many natural systems are organized as networks, in which the nodes interact in a time-dependent fashion. The object of our study is to relate connectivity to the temporal behavior of a network in which the nodes are (real or complex) logistic maps, coupled according to a connectivity scheme that obeys certain constrains, but also incorporates random aspects. We investigate in particular the relationship between the system architecture and possible dynamics. In the current paper, we focus on establishing the framework, terminology and pertinent questions for low-dimensional networks. A subsequent paper will further address the relationship between hardwiring and dynamics in high-dimensional networks. For networks of both complex and real node maps, we define extensions of the Julia and Mandelbrot sets traditionally defined in the context of single-map iterations. For three different model networks, we use a combination of analytical and numerical tools to illustrate how the system behavior (measured via topological properties of the Julia set) changes when perturbing the underlying adjacency graph. We differentiate between the effects on dynamics of different perturbations that directly modulate network connectivity: increasing/decreasing edge weights, and altering edge configuration by adding, deleting or moving edges. We discuss the implications of extending Fatou–Julia theory from iterations of single maps, to iterations of ensembles of maps coupled as nodes in a network.
Coercion as Subjection and the Institutional Review Board

In their target article, “How Payment for Research Participation Can Be Coercive,” Millum and Garnett (2019) argue that a payment to a research participant can be coercive if it involves subjection...
Back to the future: The intimate and evolving connection between telomere-related factors and genotoxic stress

The conversion of circular genomes to linear chromosomes during molecular evolution required the invention of telomeres. This entailed the acquisition of factors necessary to fulfill two new requirements: the need to fully replicate terminal DNA sequences and the ability to distinguish chromosome ends from damaged DNA. Here we consider the multifaceted functions of factors recruited to perpetuate and stabilize telomeres. We discuss recent theories for how telomere factors evolved from existing cellular machineries and examine their engagement in nontelomeric functions such as DNA repair, replication, and transcriptional regulation. We highlight the remarkable versatility of protection of telomeres 1 (POT1) proteins that was fueled by gene duplication and divergence events that occurred independently across several eukaryotic lineages. Finally, we consider the relationship between oxidative stress and telomeres and the enigmatic role of telomere-associated proteins in mitochondria. These findings point to an evolving and intimate connection between telomeres and cellular physiology and the strong drive to maintain chromosome integrity.
Submarining sensitivity across varied anthropometry in an autonomous driving system environment

Objective: Self-driving technology will bring novelty in occupant seating choices and vehicle interior design. Thus, vehicle safety systems may be challenged to protect occupants over a wider range...
Transverse Uncorrelated Emittance Diagnostic for Magnetized Electron Beams

The study of magnetized electron beam has become a high priority for its use in ion beam cooling as part of electron ion colliders and the potential of easily forming flat beams for various applications. In this paper, a purpose-specific diagnostic is described with the intention of studying transverse magnetized beam properties. The device is a modification to the classic pepper-pot, used in this context to measure the uncorrelated components of transverse emittance in addition to the typical effective emittance. The limitations of traditional methods are discussed, and simulated demonstrations of the new technique shown.
Sensitivity to the Average and Summative Impact of Multiple Events: When “More is More” and When “More is Less”:

How people respond to positive and negative events is a basic question in psychology. Most theoretical accounts assume that the detrimental impact of negative life events is cumulative, resulting i...
A novel 3D-Printed preferential posterior mitral annular dilation device delineates regurgitation onset threshold in an ex vivo heart simulator.

Abstract Mitral regurgitation (MR) due to annular dilation occurs in a variety of mitral valve diseases and is observed in many patients with heart failure due to mitral regurgitation. To understand the biomechanics of MR and ultimately design an optimized annuloplasty ring, a representative disease model with asymmetric dilation of the mitral annulus is needed. This work shows the design and implementation of a 3D-printed valve dilation device to preferentially dilate the posterior mitral valve annulus. Porcine mitral valves (n = 3) were sewn into the device and mounted within a left heart simulator that generates physiologic pressures and flows through the valves, while chordal forces were measured. The valves were incrementally dilated, inducing MR, while hemodynamic and force data were collected. Flow analysis demonstrated that MR increased linearly with respect to percent annular dilation when dilation was greater than a 25.6% dilation threshold (p
COSMIC: US-based Conversion Master's Degree in Computing

COSMIC is an NSF S-STEM graduate curriculum initiative/conversion program that strives to provide an accelerated pathway to a Master of Science (MS) degree for individuals who do not have an undergraduate degree in computing, but who wish to cross over into the computing field. The structure of our conversion program, the context that motivated it, and insights from conversion students' instructors are presented. Program successes with students from under-represented populations and the limitations that are also experienced are discussed. Our conversion program is based on a highly focused summer bridge course, combined with a customized curriculum pathway that enables people without undergraduate computing degrees to merge quickly and efficiently into a professional MS in computing degree program. The program is similar in concept to post-baccalaureate conversion programs in New Zealand (e.g., the Master of Software Development at the Victoria University of Wellington) and the extensive conversion choices in the UK. Undergraduate and graduate student enrollment statistics from past and current (2018) CRA Taulbee Surveys strongly suggest the computing profession has a moral obligation to seek out and encourage individuals from under-represented populations to become a significant part of the computing professional community. We encourage other institutions to join in the effort to recruit and provide pathways for post-baccalaureate individuals from under-represented populations to become a significant part of the computing community.
Computational design of closely related proteins that adopt two well-defined but structurally divergent folds.

The plasticity of naturally occurring protein structures, which can change shape considerably in response to changes in environmental conditions, is critical to biological function. While computational methods have been used for de novo design of proteins that fold to a single state with a deep free-energy minimum [P.-S. Huang, S. E. Boyken, D. Baker, Nature 537, 320-327 (2016)], and to reengineer natural proteins to alter their dynamics [J. A. Davey, A. M. Damry, N. K. Goto, R. A. Chica, Nat. Chem. Biol. 13, 1280-1285 (2017)] or fold [P. A. Alexander, Y. He, Y. Chen, J. Orban, P. N. Bryan, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 21149-21154 (2009)], the de novo design of closely related sequences which adopt well-defined but structurally divergent structures remains an outstanding challenge. We designed closely related sequences (over 94% identity) that can adopt two very different homotrimeric helical bundle conformations-one short (∼66 A height) and the other long (∼100 A height)-reminiscent of the conformational transition of viral fusion proteins. Crystallographic and NMR spectroscopic characterization shows that both the short- and long-state sequences fold as designed. We sought to design bistable sequences for which both states are accessible, and obtained a single designed protein sequence that populates either the short state or the long state depending on the measurement conditions. The design of sequences which are poised to adopt two very different conformations sets the stage for creating large-scale conformational switches between structurally divergent forms.
DECAY OF $sup 157$Eu, $sup 158$Eu, AND $sup 159$Eu

The radiations of $^{157}\mathrm{Eu}$, $^{158}\mathrm{Eu}$, and $^{159}\mathrm{Eu}$ were studied with $\ensuremath{\beta}$- and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-scintillation spectroemeters and a lithium-drifted germanium detector. The energies and intensities of the major $\ensuremath{\beta}$ groups and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays were determined. On the basis of $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coincidence measurements, the radiations of $^{157}\mathrm{Eu}$ and $^{158}\mathrm{Eu}$ were fitted to partial decay schemes. The total $\ensuremath{\beta}$-decay energies are 1.40\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15 MeV for $^{157}\mathrm{Eu}$, ${3.40}_{\ensuremath{-}0.10}^{+0.20}$ MeV for $^{158}\mathrm{Eu}$, and ${2.40}_{\ensuremath{-}0.10}^{+0.20}$ MeV for $^{159}\mathrm{Eu}$. The mass assignments for 15.15-h $^{157}\mathrm{Eu}$, 45.7-min $^{158}\mathrm{Eu}$, and 17.9-min $^{159}\mathrm{Eu}$ were confirmed.
Development and Implementation of a Telenephrology Dashboard for Active Surveillance of Kidney Disease: A Quality Improvement Project

Kidney disease accounts for more than 49 billion dollars in healthcare expenditures annually. Early detection and intervention may reduce the burden of disease. We describe a quality improvement project to develop a telenephrology dashboard that proactively monitors kidney disease. One hundred eighty-four thousands Veterans within the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System were eligible for telenephrology consultation. The dashboard accessed the charts of 53,085 Veterans at risk for kidney disease. We utilized Lean-Six Sigma tools and principles and the Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control Framework to develop and deploy a telenephrology dashboard in 4 community-based outpatient clinics (CBOCs). The primary measure was the number of days to complete consultation. Secondary measures included number of electronic consultations per month, distance and cost of Veteran travel saved, and number of steps for completion of consult. The data of 1384 Veterans at the 4 CBOCs were analyzed by the telenephrology dashboard, of which 459 generated telenephrology consults. The number of days to complete any type of consultation was unchanged (48.9 days in 2019, compared to 41.6 days in 2017). The average Veteran saved between $21.60 to $63.90 per trip to Iowa City. Between March 2019 and August 2019, there were 27.3 telenephrology consults per month. The number of steps needed to complete the consult request was decreased from 13 to 9. Utilization of the telenephrology dashboard system contributed to an increase in consultations completed through electronic means without decreasing face-to-face consults. Electronic consults now outnumber traditional face-to-face consultations at our institution. Telenephrology consultation improved early detection and identification of kidney disease and saved time and costs for Veterans in travel, but did not decrease the average number of days to complete consultation requests.
Prenatal Substance Exposure and Developmental Trajectories of Internalizing Symptoms: Toddlerhood to Preadolescence.

Abstract Background Little is known about how prenatal exposure to substances (alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and cocaine) may contribute to heterogeneous childhood trajectories of internalizing symptoms (i.e., depression, withdrawal, anxiety). The present study aimed to identify developmental trajectories of internalizing symptoms in children using gender-separate analyses and to examine whether trajectories differ by prenatal substance exposure (PSE) and other environmental and biological correlates. Methods Data from two large community-based birth cohorts with PSE were integrated (N = 1,651, 848 boys, 803 girls): the Cleveland cohort and the Maternal Lifestyle Study (MLS). Internalizing symptoms were assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist at ages 2, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, and 12 in the Cleveland study and at ages 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 in the MLS. Results Gender-separate group-based trajectory modeling yielded five distinctive developmental trajectories of internalizing symptoms from ages 2 to 13 in both boys and girls: low-risk group (14.4% girls, 28.8% boys); normative-decreasing group (35.3% girls, 33.1% boys); increasing risk group (14.4% girls, 13.0% boys); early-high group (22.3% girls, 17.9% boys); and chronic group (13.8% girls, 7.2% boys). Prenatal tobacco exposure, maternal psychological distress, and postnatal maternal alcohol use differentiated the longitudinal courses of internalizing symptoms. Boys were more likely to follow the low-risk trajectory, whereas girls were more likely to follow the chronic trajectory. Conclusions Prenatal tobacco exposure was associated with suboptimal developmental trajectories of internalizing symptoms in the context of prenatal poly-drug exposure, highlighting a need for continued and increased effort toward prevention of prenatal tobacco use.
Sex-related disparities in intervention rates and type of intervention in patients with aortic and peripheral arterial diseases in the National Inpatient Sample Database

Abstract Objective The first annual Women's Vascular Summit highlighted sex- and gender-related knowledge gaps in vascular disease diagnosis and treatment. This finding suggests an opportunity for further research to improve care and outcomes in people who identify as women, specifically. The purpose of this study was to a large national dataset to identify all operations performed for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), carotid artery stenosis (CAS), and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in the United States, and to provide data on sex-related disparities in treatment. Methods All hospitalizations of adult patients (≥18 years old) diagnosed with AAA, CAS, or PAD who underwent vascular surgery from 2000 to 2016 were identified in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample. Sex-stratified U.S. Census data and sex-specific population disease prevalence estimates from the National Institute of Health and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality were used to calculate the number of U.S. adults with AAA, CAS, and PAD. Sex-stratified rates of surgery and incidence rate ratios were estimated using Poisson regression. Among those undergoing surgery, multivariable logistic regression was used to assess differences in endovascular vs open approach. Results Over 16 years, there were 1,021,684 hospitalizations for vascular surgery: 13% AAA (21% female, 79% male), 40% CAS (42% female, 58% male), and 47% PAD (42% female, 58% male). Females were older than males at time of surgery (median age, 71.3 years vs 69.7 years) and less likely to have private insurance (18% vs 23%); minimal differences were seen across race/ethnicity, comorbidities, and hospital characteristics. After accounting for disease prevalence, females were still 25% less likely to undergo surgery for AAA and 30% less likely to undergo surgery for PAD compared with males with the same disease. These results were consistent over time. After adjustment, females, compared with males, were less likely to receive an endovascular procedure compared with open for AAA or CAS, and more likely to receive one for PAD. Conclusions From 2000 to 2016 in the United States, females were less likely to undergo intervention for AAA and PAD than males. This finding is particularly significant for PAD, because the prevalence is the same for both sexes, indicating that females are likely undertreated for PAD. Additionally, females were less likely to undergo endovascular surgery for AAA and more likely to undergo endovascular surgery for PAD than males. These findings suggest that improvement in AAA and PAD identification and management in females may improve outcomes.
Respect for Autonomy in the Face of Dementia: The Case of Deception

This chapter concerns the ethics of using various forms of deception for the sake of dementia patients’ overall comfort, practices commonly adopted by caregivers and nursing homes. Although it may be argued that the benefits of such practices outweigh their harms, it still seems that patients are being treated disrespectfully by being deceived, casting doubt on whether doing so is morally acceptable. However, analyzing the disrespect of deception as consisting in a type of violation of autonomy, this chapter argues that the disrespect typical of deception does not apply to many of these practices, as they actually partially restore the patient’s autonomy rather than undermine it. In reaching this conclusion, the agential capacities of Alzheimer’s patients are considered in light of the requirements for autonomy and this disease’s neuropathology, in order to bring out the role of the deceptive practices in question in compensating for impairments of autonomy.
Case Report: The Quest for a Palatable Compounded Metronidazole (Base) Suspension.

Pediatric patients are sensitive to bitter-tasting substances and often resist taking them orally; however, they do like sweet substances from birth through mid-adolescence. To improve compliance, compounding pharmacists need to consider the palatability of compounded medications in addition to stability, safety, and effectiveness. Metronidazole compounded oral suspension is commonly prepared with the benzoate ester because it does not have a bitter taste; however, it has been on backorder and unavailable for months. A palatable metronidazole compounded oral suspension needs to be developed using the metronidazole base in order to meet the treatment needs of pediatric patients and improve compliance during this shortage.
Dislocation structure of deformed olivine single crystals from conventional EBSD maps

Dislocations, linear defects in a crystalline lattice characterized by their slip systems, can provide a record of grain internal deformation. Comprehensive examination of this record has been limited by intrinsic limitations of the observational methods. Transmission electron microscopy reveals individual dislocations, but images only a few square $$\upmu$$ m of sample. Oxidative decoration requires involved sample preparation and has uncertainties in detection of all dislocations and their types. The possibility of mapping dislocation density and slip systems by conventional (Hough-transform based) EBSD is investigated here with naturally and experimentally deformed San Carlos olivine single crystals. Geometry and dislocation structures of crystals deformed in orientations designed to activate particular slip systems were previously analyzed by TEM and oxidative decoration. A curvature tensor is calculated from changes in orientation of the crystal lattice, which is inverted to calculate density of geometrically necessary dislocations with the Matlab Toolbox MTEX. Densities of individual dislocation types along with misorientation axes are compared to orientation change measured on the deformed crystals. After filtering (denoising), noise floor and calculated dislocation densities are comparable to those reported from high resolution EBSD mapping. For samples deformed in [110]c and [011]c orientations EBSD mapping confirms [100](010) and [001](010), respectively, as the dominant slip systems. EBSD mapping thus enables relatively efficient observation of dislocation structures associated with intracrystalline deformation, both distributed, and localized at sub-boundaries, over substantially larger areas than has previously been possible. This will enable mapping of dislocation structures in both naturally and experimentally deformed polycrystals, with potentially new insights into deformation processes in Earth’s upper mantle.
Butterfly Feeding Preferences for Four Zinnia Cultivars

Abstract Zinnias are recommended frequently for inclusion in butterfly gardens as nectar sources for adult butterflies, but little is known about butterfly preferences for different zinnia cultivars. We compared numbers and species of butterflies that visited four widely available zinnia cultivars: Zinnia violacea Cav. (formerly Zinnia elegans Jacq.) ‘Lilliput’, ‘Oklahoma’, ‘State Fair’, and Zinnia marylandica Spooner, Stimart, and Boyle ‘Pinwheel’. Mixed colors were used for all cultivars. Based on a total count of 2355 butterflies, representing 30 species, more than twice as many total butterflies visited ‘Lilliput’ than visited any of the other cultivars. Also, a greater number of butterfly species visited ‘Lilliput’ than visited any of the other cultivars. More than half of the counted butterflies belonged to the family Nymphalidae, with members of the families Pieridae and Hesperiidae being the second and third most frequent visitors, respectively.
Exact tracking for a planar multilink in space using internal actuation

The rotational dynamics and control of a planar system of interconnected rigid bodies, referred to as a multilink, are studied assuming that the annular momentum of the multilink is conserved. It is demonstrated that internal actuators can be used to change the orientation of a multilink in a desired time-varying fashion. The theory developed in the paper is applied to a spacecraft tracking problem, where the spacecraft is modeled as a multilink.
Taming Lakatos’ Monster - Computer Virus Epidemics and Internet Security Policy

Computer Viruses have been a fact of life for computer users for more than a decade. Yet looking at recent events on the Internet, it seems that not only our infrastructure, but our entire information society has become vulnerable to computer crime and hacker attacks. In my talk I take a long look back at the early days of viruses, worms and hacking and link these distant histories with the present to (a) suggest a framework to assess the threat, (b) to analyze why we have not yet mastered this challenge and (c) ask what kind of policies might be necessary to eventually “tame the monster”.
Sex Work in Trucking Milieux: “Lot Lizards,” Truckers, and Risk

Background: Long-haul truckers often engage in risk-laden sexual mixing and drug exchanges with female sex workers while on the road, which increase their vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections/blood borne infections (STI/BBI). Objective: An ethnoepidemiological study of STI/BBI in trucker-centered populations was conducted at four truckstops in the United States. This article reports findings from an analysis of the female sex worker data, which show how mobility and transience, as well as poverty, homelessness, and exposure to violence, have the potential to exacerbate the occupational health risks of female sex workers. Methods: Phase 1 involved nonparticipant observation of trucker risk network groups in public and semi-public settings at two Arizona truckstops. Phase 2 was a large-scale ethnoepidemiological study of STI/BBI risk among trucker networks at two Georgia truckstops. Ten sex workers in Phoenix and 29 in Atlanta were interviewed individually or in focus groups. Textual data were analyzed using QSR NVivo 8 and serological data collected from the Georgia sample were analyzed for STIs/HIV. Results: Infections occur within these populations, where the existence of multiple risks delivered via multiple channels within physical proximity maintains infection and transmission. Conclusions: Environmental-level interventions, such as better security at truck stops, and individual-level interventions, such as STI/BBI infection education and testing for FSWs and truckers, can contribute to safer settings for truckers, sex workers, and their sex and drug partners.
The NH2-terminal Region of Focal Adhesion Kinase Reconstitutes High Affinity IgE Receptor-induced Secretion in Mast Cells

Abstract Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is tyrosine-phosphorylated by adherence of cells and also by FceRI aggregation in RBL-2H3 mast cells. Using phosphorylation site-specific antibodies, we observed that FceRI activation in these cells led to an increase in FAK phosphorylation at the same tyrosine residues that are phosphorylated by integrin-induced activation. Previous studies in the 3B6 line, a FAK-deficient variant of the RBL-2H3 cells, suggest that FAK plays a role in FceRI-induced secretion. Stable cell lines expressing either full-length or truncated forms of FAK were isolated after transfection of the FAK-deficient 3B6 variant cells. The NH2 domain of FAK, which lacks the enzymatic and the COOH-terminal regions, was sufficient to reconstitute secretion. The different truncated forms of FAK were still tyrosine-phosphorylated after FceRI aggregation. Therefore, the kinase domain and the COOH-terminal region are not essential for FceRI-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK or for secretion. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the reconstitution of secretion is dissociated from FAK activation and that the NH2-terminal region of FAK is the only critical element that may play a role in FceRI-induced secretion by acting as an adaptor or linker molecule.
Feature Recognition and Object Classification

The application of pattern recognition is very wide. It can be applied, in theory, to any situation in which visual information is used in a decision process. Take, as an example, mail sorting. This job does not look heavy in comparison with steel manufacturing plant workers. But although the steel manufacturing plant has been highly automated, mail sorting remains weary, monotonous, and boring. Should a pattern recognition technique be used to identify the name and address of an addressee on the envelope, the efficiency and the effectiveness of mail sorting would increase highly. In the future, the use of pattern recognition to process documents (including text, graphics, and images) for archiving and retrieval will obviously be urgent and of great significance when dealing with large quantities of documents. Another important area of application is in medical imaging and diagnosis. The objective is to automate laboratory examination of medical images such as (1) chest Xrays for pneumoconiosis and (2) cervical smears and mammograms to detect precancer or early stages of cancer and to differentiate those abnormal cells from the cancerous cells even though they look very much the same. Automation of aerial and satellite photo interpretation is another important application of pattern recognition. Among the applications in this field are (1) crop forecasts and (2) analysis of cloud patterns. In summary, for rapid development of the natural, social, and technological sciences in the coming century, pattern recognition, including object classification, is, without doubt, an indispensable and integral built-in part of most machine intelligence systems that will be used for data analysis and decision making. This article given information on image processing, data reduction through feature extraction approached for pattern classification and multilayer perceptron in model. Keywords: images; image processing systems; data reduction; object identification; simulation; feature extraction; classification; nonparametric decision; fisher's discriminant; multilayer perceptron; pattern recognition; pattern classification
Going Beyond Conference Registration: Creating Intentional Professional Development for Student Affairs Educators

Understanding the professional growth and development of student affairs professionals is critical to the future of the profession. The purpose of this study was to examine professional development behaviors in student affairs professionals using claims about learning to better understand the context of the learner, what is being learned, and the processes for facilitating learning practices in order to make recommendations for the development of intentional professional learning plans.