cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Air quality standards for fluoride vegetation effects.

Facts that must be taken into consideration in developing fluoride standards for vegetation effects include: (1) Fluoride is an accumulative toxicant and injury is usually associated with long-term exposure; (2) gaseous and particulate fluorides differ in their phytotoxicity; (3) plant species and varieties differ greatly in susceptibility to fluoride; (4) extremely low concentrations can cause damage to sensitive species. Three possible approaches to standards are discussed: Atmospheric fluoride concentration, vegetation fluoride concentration, and the presence of leaf necrosis or chlorosis. Atmospheric fluoride concentration has the advantage that it fits the conventional concept of standards and that it is objective. Accurately measuring low fluoride concentrations, separating gaseous from particulate fluorides in the air sample, and establishing a safe concentration present technical problems, however. Vegetation analysis may more closely represent fluorides available to affect the plant. The presence...
The Adaptation of Milk Secretion to the Constraints of Fasting in Bears, Seals, and Baleen Whales

Although lactation is accompanied by increased nutrient demands for milk synthesis, many species of bears, true seals, and baleen whales fast for much or all of lactation. Large body mass in these species confers the advantage of greater stores of fat and protein relative to rates of milk production. Given the constraints on substrate availability during fasting, the milks of fasting mammals are predicted to be low in carbohydrate, protein, and water and to be high in fat. The milks of bears, true seals, and baleen whales conform to this prediction. Mammals that lactate while fasting may lose up to 40% of initial BW. The production of milk entails the export of up to one-third of body fat and 15% of body protein in the dormant black bear and in several seal species, which greatly depletes maternal resources and may represent a physiological threshold, because higher protein and fat outputs have only been measured in species that start feeding. The low K:Na ratio of seal and whale milks and the low Ca:casein and inverse Ca:P ratios in seal milks are unusual and warrant further study.
Effect of corn cultivar, phosphorus and potassium on yield and chemical composition

Abstract A corn cultivar × P × K factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate differential responses of selected parameters to P and K soil fertility. Yield along with leaf nutrient concentration of some nutrients differed among cultivars and nutrient concentration of some elements was affected by soil fertility. Leaf K and Mg were more consistently affected by K fertility than other variables studied. Fertility effects upon micronutrient leaf concentration were not consistent among cultivars or between years.
Graphical and stereolithographic models of the developing human heart lumen

Scaled physical models can be useful in analyzing stage-specific hemodynamics in the embryonic human heart to address correlations between early physical stressors and myocardial wall responses. We generated models of the cardiac blood space from reconstructions of four digitized human embryo images from Carnegie Collection at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. From physical scale models manufactured by stereolithography, compliant sleeves can be created for flow dynamics studies. This novel use of Carnegie collection images and graphical modeling software provides tools for broadening our understanding of normal and aberrant heart formation.
Autoimmunity to keratinocyte acetylcholine receptors in pemphigus.

Pemphigus autoimmunity is not limited to antides- moglein antibodies. Nondesmoglein antibodies induce pemphigus-like lesions in neonatal mice. Acantholytic activity of pemphigus IgG harbors pharmacologic effects on keratinocyte shape and adhesion. Acantholytic antireceptor autoantibodies target: (1) a novel human α9 acetylcholine receptor regulating keratinocyte adhesion, and (2) pemphaxin, a novel keratinocyte annexin-like molecule binding acetylcholine. A ‘multiple-hit’ hypothesis reconciles recent findings of anti-acetylcholine-receptor autoimmunity in pemphigus and the fact that pemphigus patients also develop autoantibodies to adhesion molecules. The antiacantholytic activity of cholinergic agonists suggests a novel avenue for the development of a nonhormonal treatment of pemphigus.
Optimization of Pulsating Heating in Pool Boiling

This paper describes an experimental and theoretical study of the periodic on and off heating of water on a horizontal surface. The heat transfer is effected by natural convection and isolated bubbles. The experiments cover the heat flux range 33-154 kW/m2 and the wall excess temperature range 7-13°C. It is shown experimentally that the cycle-averaged thermal conductance between the surface and the pool can be maximized by properly selecting the time intervals of the on and off heating cycle. The maximum relative augmentation of the thermal conductance is approximately 15 percent. In the second part of the study, an order of magnitude analysis shows that the cycle-averaged thermal conductance can be maximized analytically by consider­ ing only the single-phase natural convection effect, and that the optimal time interval when heating is "on" agrees with the experimental results.
The role of spatially adaptive versus non-spatially adaptive distortion in supra-threshold compression

In wavelet-based image coding, a variety of masking properties have been exploited that result in spatially-adaptive quantization schemes. It has been shown that carefully selecting uniform quantization step-sizes across entire wavelet subbands or subband codeblocks results in considerable gains in efficiency with respect to visual quality. These gains have been achieved through analysis of wavelet distortion additivity in the presence of a background image; in effect, how wavelet distortions from different bands mask each other while being masked by the image itself at and above threshold. More recent studies have illustrated how the contrast and structural class of natural image data influences masking properties at threshold. Though these results have been extended in a number of methods to achieve supra-threshold compression schemes, the relationship between inter-band and intra-band masking at supra-threshold rates is not well understood. This work aims to quantify the importance of spatially-adaptive distortion as a function of compressed target rate. Two experiments are performed that require the subject to specify the optimal balance between spatially-adaptive and non-spatiallyadaptive distortion. Analyses of the resulting data indicate that on average, the balance between spatially-adaptive and non-spatially-adaptive distortion is equally important across all tested rates. Furthermore, though it is known that meansquared- error alone is not a good indicator of image quality, it can be used to predict the outcome of this experiment with reasonable accuracy. This result has convenient implications for image coding that are also discussed.
Design Optimization for Minimizing Actuation Energy of a Dynamic Tripedal Walking Robot: Revisiting the Double Pendulum

This work presents a systematic approach to the optimal co-design of a multibody dynamical system’s mechanics and control. The formulation presented is based on a simple double pendulum system, thus allowing a focused illustration of the co-design methodology. However, the ultimate goal is to apply this co-design methodology to the design of a novel Self-excited Tripedal Dynamic Experimental Robot, STriDER. One of STriDER’s design challenges is to determine its mechanical properties and control inputs that minimize the amount of externally supplied actuation energy required to take a single step. Past STriDER prototypes have successfully taken highly efficient dynamic steps, however, these former prototypes required significant manual ‘tweaking’ of its mechanical parameters to realize these steps. Additionally, STriDER’s optimal joint trajectories and actuation inputs have not been outputs of the previous design process. This work provides the first systematic process for the optimal co-design of a controlled multibody dynamic system such as STriDER.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Investigating gully flow emplacement mechanisms using apex slopes

Abstract The origin of the martian gullies has been much debated since their discovery by the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC, Malin, M.C., Edgett, K.S. [2000]. Science 288, 2330–2335). Several previous studies have looked at slope gradients in and around gullies, but none have used Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE, McEwen, A.S., and 14 colleagues [2007]. J. Geophys. Res. 112 (E05), E0505S02), which has a pixel scale down to 25 cm/pixel. We use five 1 m/post HiRISE DEMs to measure gully apex slopes, the local channel gradient at the upslope extent of the gully debris apron, which marks a shift from erosion to deposition. The apex slope provides information about whether a flow was likely a typical dry granular flow (begins depositing on slopes ∼21°) or fluidized by some extra mechanism (depositing on shallower slopes). We find that 72% of the 75 gully fans studied were likely emplaced by fluidized flows. Relatively old gullies appear more likely to have hosted fluidized flows than relatively fresh gullies. This suggests a time and location dependent fluidizing agent, possibly liquid water produced in a different climate as previously proposed. Our results do not provide evidence for water-rich flows in gullies today.
A Border Versus Non-Border Comparison of Food Environment, Poverty, and Ethnic Composition in Texas Urban Settings

Purpose: The goal was to examine the relationship between the food environment and selected socioeconomic variables and ethnic/racial makeup in the eight largest urban settings in Texas so as to gain a better understanding of the relationships among Hispanic composition, poverty and urban foodscapes, comparing border to non-border urban environments. Methods: Census-tract level data on (a) socioeconomic factors, like percentage below the poverty line and number of households on foodstamps, and (b) ethnic variables, like percent of Mexican origin and percent foreign born, were obtained from the U.S. Census. Data at the census-tract level on the total number of healthy (e.g., supermarkets) and less-healthy (e.g., fast food outlets) food retailers were acquired from the CDC’s Modified Retail Food Environment Index (mRFEI). Variation among urban settings in terms of the relationship between mRFEI scores and socioeconomic and ethnic context was tested using a mixed-effect model, and linear regression was used to identify significant factors for each urban location. A jackknife variance estimate was used to account for clustering and autocorrelation of adjacent census tracts. Results: Average census-tract mRFEI scores exhibited comparatively small variation across Texas urban settings, while socioeconomic and ethnic factors varied significantly. The only covariates significantly associated with mRFEI score were percent foreign born and percent Mexican origin. Compared to the highest-population county (Harris, which incorporates most of Houston), the only counties that had significantly different mRFEI scores were Bexar, which is analogous to San Antonio (2.12 lower), El Paso (2.79 higher), and Neuces, which encompasses Corpus Christi (2.90 less). Significant interaction effects between mRFEI and percent foreign born (El Paso, Tarrant – Fort Worth, Travis – Austin), percent Mexican origin (Hidalgo – McAllen, El Paso, Tarrant, Travis), and percent living below th
Debris mitigation techniques for a Sn- and Xe-fueled EUV-light source

Methods for mitigation of debris from a z-pinch plasma are investigated at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign (UIUC). A source is used with either Sn or Xe fuels, which are known to have emission spectra peaks at 13.5nm [1]. The pinch plasma also ejects debris in the form of electrons, ions, neutral particles, macroscopic material, and out-of-band radiation. This debris can damage nearby mirror optics through heating, deposition, and erosion mechanisms. A spherical sector energy analyzer (ESA) is used to distinguish ion debris with respect to energy-to-charge- state ratio up to 13keV [2]. Combined with time-of-flight (TOF) information, the particular species of measured ions can be identified as well. A set of microchannel plates is used with an in-line E-field ion diverter to measure the flux of neutrally-charged atomic particles from the source. Using this method, the neutral flux is measured and the percentage of the ionized flux is noted. An effort is made to match this to theoretical values. A set of parallel plates is placed immediately beyond the debris mitigation tool and a voltage is applied in order to divert charged debris. The result is measured with the ESA.
“When the Son of Man is Lifted Up”: The Redemptive Power of the Crucifixion in the Gospel of John

Some scripture scholars argue for an interpretation of Johannine soteriology as primarily one of revelation which questions the redemptive centrality of the historical crucifixion. Others insist on the primacy of historical event in the Johannine narrative—“The Word became flesh” (Jn 1:14)—and the spiritual meaning of this event, which is at once concrete in its historicity and universal in its meaning as symbol. The historical event of the crucifixion as an object of Johannine theological reflection is indeed central in his soteriology, but only insofar as he reflects upon its transcendent meaning. The three “lifting up sayings” in John's gospel offer us a window into this crucial aspect of his soteriology. In this essay, the author's textual analysis of each saying provides us with ample evidence for the redemptive centrality of the historical crucifixion; but it also will make clear that the “lifting up of the Son of Man” in his “hour” on the cross is at the same time his exaltation and glorification, when he returns to the Father whence he came.
Burn Edema Reduction by Methysergide Is Not Due to Control of Regional Vasodilation

Abstract To determine the extent to which edema modulation by methysergide is due to a blunting of the regional vasodilator response to scald and/or local reduction of transvascular fluid flux, a canine hind limb lymphatic was cannulated. Femoral blood flow (Q a ; ml/min), lymph flow (Q L ; μl/min/100 g), and lymph-to-plasma protein ratios (C L /C P ) were monitored in groups of five dogs before and 4 hr after 5-sec, 100°C foot paw scald; high (1.0 mg/kg) or low (.5 mg/kg) dose of methysergide 30 min before scald. The compression on a clamp placed around the femoral artery in other dogs was adjusted after scald to simulate the blunting effect on Q a observed in methysergide treated dogs. Hind leg venous pressure was elevated to ≈40 mm Hg before experimentation until steady state Q L and (C L /C P ) min were reached. Protein reflection coefficient (σ d ; 1 − C L /C P ) and fluid filtration coefficient (K f ) were calculated. Compared to preburn values, all groups showed significant ( P L /C P and K f . Contrasted with the burn only group, methysergide blunted increases in Q a , K f and paw weight gain in a dose-dependent fashion, with no effect on the reflection coefficient. Compression clamp control of femoral Q a caused no effects on permeability. Methysergide limits burn edema in a dose-related fashion, though not due to a blunting of the regional vasodilator response. Local, not regional, mechanism(s) likely mediate this response.
Iron and malaria interactions: programmatic ways forward.

Around one-quarter of the world’s children suffer from iron deficiency anemia, and many of them live in malaria-endemic areas. However, there is evidence that iron supplements can increase risk of severe malaria morbidity. The dilemma is how to move forward with interventions to prevent iron deficiency and its consequences in young children, using strategies that minimize risks of malaria and related infections. Screening for iron deficiency is problematic for several reasons. Two complementary strategies are suggested for moving forward with interventions to prevent iron deficiency in children exposed to malaria. The first is to reduce exposure to iron in the form of supplements by: adopting a lifecycle approach to pediatric iron deficiency beginning in utero, using the lowest adequate dose, and giving iron in or with foods. The second is to coordinate iron interventions with malaria control efforts. To stop all iron interventions in malaria-endemic areas is an unreasonable policy option. While research findings continue to increase our understanding, there are also programmatic ways forward with the knowledge at hand. Adv. Nutr. 3: 579–582, 2012.
A pseudospectral frequency-domain (PSFD) method for computational electromagnetics

This letter describes a new frequency-domain method for Maxwell's equations based on the multidomain pseudospectral method. The computational domain is first divided into nonoverlapping subdomains. Using the Chebyshev polynomials to represent the unknown field components in each subdomain, the spatial derivatives are calculated with a spectral accuracy at the Chebyshev collocation points. The physical boundary conditions at the subdomain interfaces are enforced to ensure the global accuracy. Numerical results demonstrate that the pseudospectral frequency-domain (PSFD) method has a spectral accuracy, and thus is an attractive method for large-scale problems. With only about five cells per wavelength, the results have an error less than 1% in our typical examples.
Short-term metal/organic interface stability investigations of organic photovoltaic devices

As organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices have begun to move toward initial applications, issues of their stability are becoming increasingly important. The de facto standard OPV devices are made from a blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), and these serve as a test bed for lifetime testing. Delamination, oxidation, and chemical interactions at the metal electrode/organic interface have been posited as degradation pathways in organic electronic devices.[1,2] Here, two short-term experiments were employed to evaluate the stability of this interface in the light and dark. Full devices and unprotected organic surfaces were separately examined, and both were found to be stable in air over the course of 10's of minutes while in the dark. While unprotected devices were stable (less than 20% loss in efficiency) in air for 100 minutes under constant 1-sun illumination, unprotected organic surfaces were not, and good devices could not be made on them subsequently.
Disruption of the TIMP-1 Gene Product Is Associated with Accelerated Endometrial Gland Formation During Early Postnatal Uterine Development

Postnatal uterine development is marked by periods of tissue remodeling. The objective of the present study was to examine the role of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), a regulator of tissue remodeling events, during postnatal uterine development and to assess the phenotypic consequences of disruption of the TIMP-1 gene product during this time period. To accomplish this goal, wild-type and TIMP-1 null mice were sacrificed at Postnatal Days (PNDs) 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 and uterine morphology, TIMP expression and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity were assessed. In wild-type mice, TIMP-1 mRNA steady-state levels were highest at PND 5, after which expression decreased. TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 expression in wild-type mice showed no significant changes from PND 5 to 25. In TIMP-1 null mice, TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 expression patterns were similar to those in wild-type counterparts with the exception that, at PND 10, TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 expression was significantly lower in the null mice. Endometrial gland number and uterine histology were similar between genotypes at PNDs 5 and 10, but at PNDs 15 and 20, endometrial glands were more abundant in TIMP-1 null mice. Associated with the increased gland density in the null mice was an increase in total MMP activity above the levels expressed in wild-type mice. In summary, disruption of the TIMP-1 gene product is associated with reduced TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 steady-state mRNA levels, elevated MMP activity, and accelerated endometrial gland formation. We conclude that, during early postnatal uterine development, TIMP-1 may be critical for proper endometrial gland development.
Maya Folk Botany and Knowledge Devolution: Modernization and Intra‐Community Variability in the Acquisition of Folkbotanical Knowledge

One potential source of folkbiological knowledge loss is changing patterns of interaction with the natural world stemming from ''modernizing'' material change. This article compares models of plant knowledge among age-matched groups of children and adults in two communities of a municipality located in the highlands of Chiapas, Mexico. Use of the Cultural Consensus Model (CCM), analysis of residual agreement, and examination of model content show that while plant knowledge remains fairly robust in the municipality, devolutionary change is ongoing and manifests in the urbanized municipal town center relative to a rural outlying hamlet. Quantifying disparities in folkbiological knowledge is considered as a preliminary step in understanding general processes of culture change. Recent investigations into domain-specific folkbiological expertise in adults and the acquisition of folkbiological models in children shows that differences in propositional knowledge interact with culture-specific reasoning strategies and have profound consequences for value complexes and environmental behavior. (knowl- edge devolution, child development, culture change, folkbotany, Tzotzil Maya)
Priority Access Schemes Using CSMA-CD

Some CSMA-CD schemes for multiple priority message classes are suggested. For all the schemes, an approximate analytic technique for calculating the mean packet delay (for each priority) at the stable operating point of the system has been developed. The analytic results are tested against computer simulation. A Poisson packet arrival process and a general packet length distribution are considered. The mean packet retransmission delay is a general function of priority and the number of unsuccessful attempts. There is a variation in delay differences among priorities for the different schemes. This allows one to single out the particular scheme that is optimal for a given system delay requirement. Some of the priority schemes possess the desirable property of having less average delay compared to a corresponding nonpriority system.
The Program-Length Commercial: A Study of the Effects of Television/ Toy Tie-Ins on Imaginative Play

A study was done examining the impact of toy-based television programs and program-related toys on children. One hundred and ten first- and second-grade children participated in an experiment which focused on imaginative play. The results indicated that, in general, the combination of watching a toy-based cartoon, followed by playing with a set of cartoon-related toys, produced stories that were more imitative of the immediately preceding experience, whereas watching the cartoon alone or playing with the cartoon-related toys alone led to more imaginative productions from other sources. However, for certain aspects of imagination at a more advanced cognitive level, the cartoon, especially when combined with cartoon-related toys, actually stimulated the imaginative processes of the younger children, thus serving as a learning tool at a transitional stage of cognitive development.
Exploring the Pharmacotherapeutic Options for Treating Type 2 Diabetes

There has been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of the most common form of diabetes, with approximately 14.6 million diagnosed and 6.2 million undiagnosed cases of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes in the United States since 2005. If diabetes is not diagnosed early and managed properly, patients are at greater risk for microvascular and macrovascular complications, such as nerve damage, heart disease, blindness, and kidney damage. The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes includes impaired insulin secretion, increased hepatic and muscle/fat insulin resistance, and increased glucagon secretion. Problems commonly associated with type 2 diabetes and consequent hyperglycemia are weight gain, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. The natural progression of type 2 diabetes involves increased insulin deficiency as a result of decreased beta cell function over time, which can raise glycosylated hemoglobin to dangerous levels and consequently increase the risk of death. Lifestyle modifications (eg, diet changes and increased physical activity) remain the cornerstone of early treatment, but glycemic control may worsen despite behavior changes and treatment with oral hypoglycemic agents. Historically, upon failure to maintain glucose levels with exercise and oral medication, insulin was the second-line treatment option. Current treatment algorithms include a new class of agents, incretin mimetics, such as the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist exenatide. Exenatide mimics the actions of the hormone GLP-1 that occurs naturally in the gastrointestinal tract and has emerged as an efficacious therapy adjunct to 1 or more oral hypoglycemic agent(s).
Modeling Ion-Exchange Processing with Spherical Resins for Cesium Removal

The spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde and hypothetical spherical SuperLig(r) 644 ion-exchange resins are evaluated for cesium removal from radioactive waste solutions. Modeling results show that spherical SuperLig(r) 644 reduces column cycling by 50% for high-potassium solutions. Spherical Resorcinol Formaldehyde performs equally well for the lowest-potassium wastes. Less cycling reduces nitric acid usage during resin elution and sodium addition during resin regeneration, therefore, significantly decreasing life-cycle operational costs. A model assessment of the mechanism behind ''cesium bleed'' is also conducted. When a resin bed is eluted, a relatively small amount of cesium remains within resin particles. Cesium can bleed into otherwise decontaminated product in the next loading cycle. The bleed mechanism is shown to be fully isotherm-controlled vs. mass transfer controlled. Knowledge of residual post-elution cesium level and resin isotherm can be utilized to predict rate of cesium bleed in a mostly non-loaded column. Overall, this work demonstrates the versatility of the ion-exchange modeling to study the effects of resin characteristics on processing cycles, rates, and cold chemical consumption. This evaluation justifies further development of a spherical form of the SL644 resin.
COBEpro: a novel system for predicting continuous B-cell epitopes

Accurate prediction of B-cell epitopes has remained a challenging task in computational immunology despite several decades of research. Only 10% of the known B-cell epitopes are estimated to be continuous, yet they are often the targets of predictors because a solved tertiary structure is not required and they are integral to the development of peptide vaccines and engineering therapeutic proteins. In this article, we present COBEpro, a novel two-step system for predicting continuous B-cell epitopes. COBEpro is capable of assigning epitopic propensity scores to both standalone peptide fragments and residues within an antigen sequence. COBEpro first uses a support vector machine to make predictions on short peptide fragments within the query antigen sequence and then calculates an epitopic propensity score for each residue based on the fragment predictions. Secondary structure and solvent accessibility information (either predicted or exact) can be incorporated to improve performance. COBEpro achieved a cross-validated area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic up to 0.829 on the fragment epitopic propensity scoring task and an AUC up to 0.628 on the residue epitopic propensity scoring task. COBEpro is incorporated into the SCRATCH prediction suite at http://scratch.proteomics.ics.uci.edu.
Analog Circuit Testing Using Auto Regressive Moving Average Models

The paper present a new method of testing analog circuits based on spectral estimation using auto regressive moving average (ARMA) models. A tiered testing approach was used where each tier becomes progressively more computationally expensive. Badly damaged circuits are quickly eliminated without wasting tester time. The models are generated using input and output analog circuit samples. Results are presented for two passive filters and an active multiplier/modulator. The first two levels of the tiered testing approach use model parameters and the third tier estimates the spectral content of the circuits' output. Incorporating this method into an analog/mixed-signal built-in-self-test (BIST) environment is also discussed, including hardware overhead and general implementation. The 3-tiered ARMA testing method was highly effective, had 0% yield loss, and achieved low defect level of 0.0821514 on a population of 28,290 circuit variations generated by Monte-Carlo analysis
Sources of Competence Information and Perceived Motivational Climate among Adolescent Female Gymnasts Varying in Skill Level

Theoretically grounded in the work of Harter (1978, 1981) and Ames (1992a), three research questions were addressed in the present study: (a) Do sources of competence information vary by skill level? (b) Do perceptions of the motivational climate vary by skill level? and (c) Are sources of competence information and perceived motivational climate related? Adolescent female gymnasts (N = 103, ages 12–14 years) competing at Skill Levels 5 to 10 completed measures regarding sources of competence information and perceived motivational climate. Results revealed that: (a) gymnasts competing at lower levels (5–6, 7) used sources of effort and enjoyment more than did gymnasts competing at higher levels (8, 9, and 10), who used feelings of nervousness and spectator feedback more frequently; (b) no significant differences emerged in perceptions of the motivational climate among gymnasts competing at various skill levels; and (c) a significant relationship emerged between use of sources of competence information and...
Head and neck cancer care at a community-based teaching hospital.

Background. The purpose of this analysis was to demonstrate that the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP) will result in accruals to national research protocols for patients with malignancies in a community-based teaching hospital. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the records of oncology patients eligible for clinical trials referred to the Helen F. Graham Cancer Center (HFGCC). Results. The average number of patients who actually enroll in clinical trials nationally is 2.5%. The number of patients who enrolled in clinical trials at the HFGCC CCOP in 2003 was 24%. Conclusions. The integration of a CCOP in a community-based teaching hospital will enhance adoption of state-of-the-art care and increase accruals to national research protocols. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck27: XXX–XXX, 2005
Secrecy games over the cognitive channel

A secure communication game is considered for the cognitive channel with a confidential primary message, where the primary user is interested in maximizing its secure rate with lowest possible power consumption and the utility of the cognitive user is a weighted sum of the primary secrecy rate and the cognitive rate (corresponds to a spectrum law in favor of the legacy owners of the spectrum). An achievable rate region is derived for the channel with message splitting at the cognitive radio and noise forwarding. The game considers the case with no common message, but shows that even this limited scenario can still be beneficial. The established Nash Equilibrium (NE) shows that the cognitive user trades noise for bits. The results are also interesting in the sense that both users can benefit (by playing the distributed game) compared to their throughput resulting from the non-cooperative scenario.
The minimum principle, separation principle, and dynamic programming for partially observed jump processes

The relationship between the three different optimality conditions for controlled jump processes mentioned in the title is exhibited in the case of a partially observed controlled jump Markov process.
Editorial introduction: gender and sexuality taking up space in schooling

How might attention to schooling as a space – and not simply a site – of learning broaden our analysis of the many lessons about gender and sexuality circulating in contemporary schools, beyond pol...
Reconsiderations in Casework Treatment of the Unmarried Mother

■ Examination of the casework literature on the unmarried mother and Investigation of cases in selected agencies have led the author to the view that the traditional diagnostic picture of the unmarried mother—namely, that the answer to her behavior lies in her relationship with her own mother—provides too narrow a focus. The client must be viewed in her total family context. In the light of this enriched understanding, the author presents a suggested treatment plan that has evolved, a principal feature of which is concurrent use of both male and female caseworkers. *
Achieving globalization of AACSB accounting programs with faculty-led study abroad education

ABSTRACTThis paper is motivated by recommendations from the American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB), the Pathways Commission, and NAFSA: Association of International Educators to increase global exposure in the accounting curriculum. Some schools have responded to these demands by offering short-duration, faculty-led, study abroad programs. We explain how these programs play a vital role in fulfilling the educational advisory boards’ calls to internationalize the accounting curriculum and investigate the extent to which schools are incorporating these programs. This paper provides a review of the details from our hand-collected data on the short programs that are offered by AACSB-accredited institutions. We integrate the information from our collection of data on existing programs, prior literature, pronouncements from educational advisory boards, and select faculty interviews to offer an analysis of the course design and travel considerations for schools contemplating such an opportun...
SAMA: A Method for 3D Morphological Analysis

Three-dimensional (3D) culture models are critical tools for understanding tissue morphogenesis. A key requirement for their analysis is the ability to reconstruct the tissue into computational models that allow quantitative evaluation of the formed structures. Here, we present Software for Automated Morphological Analysis (SAMA), a method by which epithelial structures grown in 3D cultures can be imaged, reconstructed and analyzed with minimum human intervention. SAMA allows quantitative analysis of key features of epithelial morphogenesis such as ductal elongation, branching and lumen formation that distinguish different hormonal treatments. SAMA is a user-friendly set of customized macros operated via FIJI (http://fiji.sc/Fiji), an open-source image analysis platform in combination with a set of functions in R (http://www.r-project.org/), an open-source program for statistical analysis. SAMA enables a rapid, exhaustive and quantitative 3D analysis of the shape of a population of structures in a 3D image. SAMA is cross-platform, licensed under the GPLv3 and available at http://montevil.theobio.org/content/sama.
Cooperative Hydrogen-Bonding Effects in Silanediol Catalysis

The importance of cooperative hydrogen-bonding effects and SiOH-acidification is described for silanediol catalysis. NMR binding, X-ray, and computational studies provide support for a unique dimer resulting from silanediol self-recognition. The significance of this cooperative hydrogen-bonding is demonstrated using novel fluorinated silanediol catalysts for the addition of indoles and N,N-dimethyl-m-anisidine to trans-β-nitrostyrene.
Study on the Choice of Constitutive and Fatigue Models in Solder Joint Life Prediction

Various constitutive and fatigue-life predictive models for lead-tin solders in SBGA (Super Ball Grid Array) packages are studied and compared with the results from experimental data. Two solder compositions, 62Sn/36Pb/2Ag and 63Sn/37Pb are studied in this work. The fatigue life of 62Sn/36Pb/2Ag solder is studied using different constitutive models that take into consideration both the time-independent and time-dependent behavior of the solder. The fatigue life of 62Sn/36Pb/2Ag solder is predicted using an energy-based predictive model and compared with the experimental data. The choice of various predictive models on the solder joint life is studied using 63Sn/37Pb solder. Various predictive models, available in the literature, for eutectic and near eutectic solder compositions are studied to predict the fatigue life. Guidelines are provided for selecting constitutive and predictive models with appropriate damage metrics.© 2002 ASME
Using Adjusted 205-d Weight Ratios to Predict Beef Cow-Calf Performance12

Eighteen cow-calf herds were used to determine beef cow performance predictability over time to evaluate the effectiveness of Cooperative Extension recommendations on increasing calf preweaning growth performance, and to assess cooperators’ implementation of these recommendations. The data set included 8928 cow records, of which 4379 and 1958 cows had performance records for 2 and 3 consecutive yr, respectively. For each cow herd, adjusted 205-d BW and ratios were calculated within calf gender. Cows within herds were ranked in descending order based on calf-adjusted 205-d weight ratios and then divided into three groups (top, middle, and bottom thirds). When comparing the cows’ consecutive years’ rankings, year and cow age were not significant (P > 0.10). Of the cows that ranked in the top one-third in yr 1, 33% ranked in the top one-third for the next 2 consecutive yr, and 71% ranked in the top one-third at least 1 yr of the next 2 yr. Among the cows ranking in the bottom one-third in yr 1, 27% ranked in the bottom one-third for the next 2 consecutive yr, and 63% ranked in the bottom one-third at least once in the next 2 consecutive yr. The correlations between dam’s BW and weaning BW efficiency and metabolic efficiency across herds were all negative and ranged from -0.70 to -0.45 and -0.61 to -0.21, respectively. These results support the practice of culling cows, even first-calf heifers that rank in the bottom one-third of the herd, based on calf preweaning growth performance after 1 yr.
Bad News: A Game of Death and Communication

Bad News is a game about death notification that combines deep simulation and live performance. After discovering a dead body, the player is tasked with tracking down a next of kin to inform him or her of the death. To do this, the player must discover the identities of both the deceased and next of kin, as well as the current location of the latter. Gameplay is underpinned by a rich simulation of a generic small town inhabited by several hundred non-player characters (NPCs) who build up subjective knowledge of one another as the simulation proceeds. The player interface is serviced by Wizard-of-Oz techniques, and the core gameplay interaction is embodied conversation with live-acted NPCs. Stationed out of sight from the player, a 'wizard' executes his or her commands (as they are spoken aloud) by live-coding modifications to the simulation. When the player encounters an NPC, an actor reveals himself to perform the character live. Crucially, the actor's improvisation is constrained to the underlying simulation--particularly the personality, life history, and knowledge of the character he is portraying--which is expressed to him via a discreet interface.
Early warning analysis on abnormal fluctuation information of key agricultural products' price in China

By black early-warning model, this paper analyzed the abnormal fluctuations of key agricultural product's price information in China by using the prices fluctuation rate as the warning condition index, as well as using the 1-2 times standard deviation of the average CPI monthly fluctuation rate as the warning limit. The results showed that, in 2013, there was less abnormal price fluctuation of rice industry, but ferrous price fluctuation of pork and egg industries. Therefore, in order to keep the healthy development of agricultural products market, we should decrease the production cost and increase the macro-control ability of agricultural products market, we still need to accelerate the agricultural scientific technology research and the agricultural means of production market regulation, etc.
Postpartum depression can be prevented in low-income mothers using interpersonal psychotherapy

Commentary on : Zlotnick C, Tzilos G, Miller I, et al. Randomized controlled trial to prevent postpartum depression in mothers on public assistance. J Aff Dis 2016;189:263–8.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2] Depression during pregnancy and in the 12-month postpartum period (ie, perinatal depression (PD)) is the most common serious condition affecting women, with higher rates experienced by low-income women.1 There is growing evidence for long-term negative effects of even subclinical depressive symptoms on children's well-being.2 Given the low rates of treatment for women with elevated … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJ%2BAff%2BDis%26rft.volume%253D189%26rft.spage%253D263%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252Fj.jad.2015.09.059%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.059&link_type=DOI
Multiphoton ionization of N 2 by the third harmonic of Nd:YAG laser–a new avenue for air diagnostics

Development of N2 laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) techniques is desirable for probing reacting and non-reacting air flows. However, the absence of N2 absorption spectra accessible to available lasers prevented, until now, the development of such techniques. We identified experimentally an efficient multi-photon, laser-induced N2 ionization process. The resulting ions can serve for temperature measurements or as tracers for velocity measurements in hostile environments or in-flight applications. The ionization path, ion concentration, quenching parameters, and application of a scheme for velocity and temperature measurements were evaluated.
Efficiency Wages, X -Efficiency, and Urban Unemployment

There is a basic asymmetry between returns to human and non human inputs. The essence of the asymmetry is that the wage can affect the efficiency of labour while the return to the owners of non human inputs, such as machines, buildings, or land, has no influence on the inputs’ physical contributions. This distinction has a number of implications — some of which will be examined in this paper. The implication to be considered is the possibility that the effect of the rate of return of an input, on efficiency, may imply a lower boundary below which the return to the input owner cannot go, and as a consequence this limits the effectiveness of such a variable as a means of clearing a market. For instance, if there is a minimum wage then it is possible for that labour market never to come into ‘equilibrium’ because the wage cannot get low enough to equate the demand and supply for labour. This is similar to the idea of the liquidity trap when there is a floor to the interest rate. ‘Efficiency wages’ can operate in a similar manner.
Phase-sensitive detection for polarizationselective femtosecond Raman spectroscopy

Phase-sensitive detection of polarization-selective femtosecond nonresonant Raman spectroscopy is demonstrated using a two-diffractive-optic interferometer. Additionally, this method allows for direct phase calibration and removal of unwanted signal contributions.
A Comparison of Trust Measures in Human–Robot Interaction Scenarios

When studying Human–Robot Interaction (HRI), we often employ measures of trust. Trust is essential in HRI, as inappropriate levels of trust result in misuse, abuse, or disuse of that robot. Some measures of trust specifically target automation, while others specifically target HRI. Although robots are a type of automation, it is unclear which of the broader factors that define automation are shared by robots. However, measurements of trust in automation and trust in robots should theoretically still yield similar results. We examined an HRI scenario using (1) an automation trust scale and (2) a robotic trust scale. Findings indicated conflicting results coming from these respective trust scales. It may well be that these two trust scales examine separate constructs and are therefore not interchangeable. This discord shows us that future evaluations are required to identify scale appropriate context applications for either automation or robotic operations.
Risk of second primary malignancies in a population-based study of adult patients with essential thrombocythemia

Risk of second primary malignancies in a population-based study of adult patients with essential thrombocythemia
Patient comfort during colonoscopy

Colonoscopy is a commonly performed procedure for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease of the colon and rectum. Barriers to the procedure include cost, the need to prep and the unpleasantness associated with that process, and fear of pain during the procedure. In order to assist in compliance with recommendations for subsequent exams and to preserve the general reputation of the procedure, it is necessary to provide patients adequate procedural comfort. While there are some enthusiasts for unsedated colonoscopy, most patients will not opt for this. Several sedative and analgesics either used separately or in combination are commonly used to give patients the desired level of comfort during the exam and to facilitate the exam and any therapeutic procedures performed. Additionally, other procedural adjuncts, such as water-aided colonoscopy, carbon dioxide, and varying scope diameters, have been touted as improving patient comfort, thereby allowing for lesser degrees of sedation.
Revue historique sur le syndrome d’apnée obstructive du sommeil chez l’enfant

Resume Cette revue fait un rappel historique des decouvertes sur le SAOS de l’enfant. Depuis Dickens et sa premiere description d’un individu obese, ronfleur et somnolent, les auteurs ont retrace plus de 50 ans de recherche et de questionnements sur ce sujet : la reconnaissance du syndrome d’apnee obstructive du sommeil (SAOS) chez l’adulte non obese et chez l’enfant ainsi que la decouverte du syndrome de haute resistance des voies aeriennes superieures. Les connaissances physiopathologiques sur le SAOS ont evolue ainsi que les prises en charge chez l’enfant qui sont passees de la tracheotomie, a la pression positive continue, puis a l’adeno-amygdalectomie combinee aux traitements orthodontiques et aux seances de kinesitherapie maxillo-faciale. Les consequences de ce syndrome ne sont pas negligeables et atteignent aussi bien la cognition, le comportement, l’humeur, le systeme cardiovasculaire. De nombreuses portes ont ete ouvertes en quelques annees grâce a l’etude du SAOS mais beaucoup de questions restent encore sans reponse.