cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of acute bupropion on sexual motivation and behavior in the female rat

Abstract Recent clinical studies have suggested that the atypical antidepressant, bupropion (Wellbutrin), may stimulate sexual desire in women. Two experiments were conducted, testing the effect of acute bupropion administration on the sexual motivation and copulatory behavior of female rats. In the first experiment, 63 sexually-experienced, female Long–Evans rats were tested in a runway for their motivation to approach an empty goalbox, a nonestrous female, and an adult male. Both latency to approach and time spent in close proximity to the targets were used as dependent variables. Subjects were tested in both a nonestrous (OVX) and estrous (OVX + 15 μg estradiol + 500 μg progesterone) state, and following administration of 0.0, 7.5, or 15 mg/kg bupropion hydrochloride (subcutaneous, 45 min prior to testing). Results indicated that pre-treatment with ovarian hormones significantly increased the sexual motivation of the subjects. Bupropion treatment had no significant effect, either stimulatory or inhibitory, on subjects' socio-sexual motivation. In the second experiment, 60 female subjects were paired with an adult male for a thirty-minute copulatory test. Subjects were tested under one of three hormonal conditions: nonestrous (no hormones), 15 μg estradiol, or 15 μg estradiol + 500 μg progesterone. Subjects were also pre-treated with either physiological saline or 15 mg/kg bupropion. Results indicated that while hormonal administration had a strong effect on female sexual behavior, bupropion treatment did not significantly affect either lordosis or the emission of hop-darts. Males paired with bupropion-treated females successfully achieved a greater number of ejaculations and demonstrated significantly shortened post-ejaculatory intervals. It is possible that bupropion treatment enhanced female attractiveness.
Urbanism, Race, and Crime:

There is general agreement that urbanism is an important correlate of criminality. However, the interpretation of the relation is a matter of theoretical dispute. Some argue that differences in crime rates across the urban-rural dimension can be attributed to differences in the compositions of the populations residing in those areas. The most common argument is that there is a confounding effect between urbanism and race. This paper uses National Crime Survey data to test the compositional argument. The findings imply a reconsideration of the accepted relationship between urbanism and crime generally portrayed in the criminological literature. Data limitations are noted.
A comparison of two methods for MRI classification of at-risk tissue and core infarction

Results: Volumes of at-risk tissue measured by the two definitions were correlated (pD 0.017) while the volumes of core infarct were not (pD 0.059).The volume of at-risk tissue was consistently larger when defined by the penumbral pattern than the target profile while the volume of core infarct was consistently larger when defined by the target profile than the penumbral pattern. When these volumes were used to classify the MRI scans, 9 out of 12 patients (75%) were classified as having a penumbral pattern, while only 4 out of 12 patients (33%) were classified as having a target profile. Of the 9 patients classified as penumbral pattern, 5 (55%) were classified differently by the target profile. Interpretation: Our analysis found that the MR RESCUE trial defined salvageable tissue in a way that made it more likely for patients be labeled as favorable for treatment. For the cohort of patients examined in this study, had they been enrolled in both trials, most of the patients identified as having salvageable tissue by the MR RESCUE trial would not have been considered to have salvageable tissue in the DEFUSE 2 trial. Caution should be taken in concluding that MRI selection for endovascular therapy is not effective as imaging selection criteria were substantially different between the two trials.
System characterization of apodized acousto-optic Bragg cells

An acousto-optic cell can be characterized in terms of the spatial impulse response or a transfer function that relates the angular plane-wave spectrum of the output light field to that of the input light field. A general methodology for calculating the acousto-optic impulse response and transfer function is developed. This methodology is then specifically applied to the case of acousto-optic cells with and without Hamming apodization of the sound field. Results are obtained and compared with analytical expressions for the conventional Bragg cell for a typical value of the Klein–Cook Q parameter and sound intensity. Finally, implications of the results relating to beam shaping in the scattered light field are discussed.
Cognitive Functioning under Moderate and Low Dosage Methadone Maintenance

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) was administered to two groups of patients in the Santa Clara County Methadone Maintenance Program who were receiving low and moderate daily stabilized dosages of methadone hydrochloride. In the two separate statistical analyses performed, there were no significant differences found between subtest scores or verbal, performance, and full-scale scores of the groups measured. These results, combined with observations regarding the similarities of WAIS profiles of the two groups, indicate that cognitive functioning as measured by the WAIS was not differentially affected by the two dosages.
Negotiating the Third Wave of Feminism in Wonder Woman

Created by lawyer and psychologist William Moulton Marston, Wonder Woman first appeared more than 70 years ago, “as lovely as Aphrodite, as wise as Athena, with the speed of Mercury, and the strength of Hercules” (Marston and Peter 1941). While she conforms to traditional articulations of gender in the way she performs an attractive, female, white, heterosexual, middle-to-upper class woman, she also unsettles gendered boundaries through performing a determined, astute, formidable warrior at the same time. This has led to a number of writers exploring whether Wonder Woman can or should be viewed as feminist.
Assessment of γ-H2AX levels in circulating tumor cells from patients receiving chemotherapy.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are prognostic markers in a variety of solid tumor malignancies. The potential of CTCs to be used as a “liquid biopsy” to monitor a patient’s condition and predict drug response and resistance is currently under investigation. Using a negative depletion, enrichment methology, CTCs isolated from the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients with stage IV breast cancer undergoing DNA damaging therapy with platinum based therapy were enriched. The enriched cell suspensions, were stained with an optimized labeling protocol targeting: nuclei, cytokeratins 8, 18, and 19, the surface marker CD45, and the presence of the protein ɣ-H2AX. As a direct or indirect result of platinum therapy, double strand break of DNA initiates phosphorylation of the histone H2AX, at serine 139; this phosphorylated form is referred to as ɣ-H2AX. In addition to ɣ-H2AX staining in specific locations with the cell nuclei, consistent with previous reports and referred to as foci, more general staining in the cell cytoplamim was also observed in some cells suggesting the potential of cell apoptosis. Our study underscores the utility and the complexity of investigating CTCs as predictive markers of response to various therapies. Additional studies are ongoing to evaluate the diverse γ-H2AX staining patterns we report here which needs to be further correlated with patient outcomes
Probing the Role of Mucin‐Bound Glycans in Bacterial Repulsion by Mucin Coatings

Microbial colonization of implanted medical devices in humans can lead to device failure and life-threatening infections. One strategy to prevent this unwanted colonization is to coat devices with polymers that reduce bacterial attachment. This study investigates how mucins, a class of biopolymers found in mucus, can be used as surface coatings to prevent attachment of selected respiratory pathogens to polystyrene surfaces. Our data show that coatings of porcine gastric mucins or bovine submaxillary mucins reduce surface attachment by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, but not Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To elucidate how mucin coatings repel S. pneumoniae and S. aureus, the molecular components of mucins are examined. Our data suggest that mucin-bound glycans are key structural contributors of mucin coatings and are necessary for the repulsive effects toward S. pneumoniae and S. aureus.
Gauging the Gender Divide in the Middle East's Educational System: Causes, Concerns, and the Impetus for Change

The disparity in educational opportunities and prospects for women and girls in the Middle East depicts a frustrating trend in schools and colleges, but it leads to greater societal problems with enormous economic, legal, and sociopolitical consequences. The Global Fund for Muslim Women reports that while Muslims constitute 25 percent of the world’s population, Muslim nations contribute only 11.2 percent to the Global GDP. Data from the World Economic Forum and the United Nations suggests that much of this gap can be attributed to gender inequality despite Islamic teachings that support gender symmetry and equality of all people. While the educational system in the modern Middle East is dilapidated and anemic compared to similarly situated developing countries in parts of Latin America and East Asia, this essay asserts that the single-largest impediment to future regional prosperity in the Middle East is the lack of female education. National and local public policymakers identify the problem of female education, but do not recognize its severity except at the level of posturing that the problem exists. I review four recent books to provide insight into how contemporary public policy and legal regimes can be reworked to favor female education in the Middle East.
Second Tumors in Retinoblastoma Survivors

Improvements in treatment over the past century have greatly increased survival for retinoblastoma patients. However, as survival has improved, second cancers have emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in retinoblastoma survivors. Several large cohort studies of long-term survivors have consistently reported that hereditary survivors have a greater risk of second cancers compared to non-hereditary survivors, with elevated risks persisting into adulthood. The cumulative incidence of second cancers 50 years after retinoblastoma diagnosis is 36 % in hereditary survivors compared to only 6 % in non-hereditary survivors. The most common second cancers diagnosed in hereditary survivors are bone sarcomas, soft tissue sarcomas, and melanoma, which together account for 82 % of second cancers in these survivors. Increasing doses of radiation significantly increase the risk of bone and soft tissue sarcomas, but not melanoma. Chemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy increases the risk of bone sarcomas and soft tissue sarcomas, particularly leiomyosarcoma. Although radiotherapy is used less frequently in current treatment approaches for retinoblastoma, survivors previously treated with radiotherapy should be screened for the risk of second cancers into adulthood and encouraged to follow cancer prevention strategies. Further research is needed to evaluate second cancer risks associated with chemotherapies in current treatment approaches and identify potential genetic markers of risk.
Physical Activity and the Risk of Primary Hyperparathyroidism.

Context: Primary hyperparathyroidism (P-HPTH) is relatively common and predominantly affects women. Prior studies have shown that physical activity (PA) can lower PTH levels. Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the hypothesis that lower PA is a risk factor for developing P-HPTH. Design, Setting, and Participants: This prospective cohort study included 69 621 female participants in the Nurses' Health Study I followed for 22 years. Exposures: PA and other dietary and demographic exposures were quantified via detailed, and validated, biennial questionnaires. Outcomes: Incident P-HPTH was confirmed by medical record review after initial assessment by questionnaire. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate whether PA was an independent risk factor for developing P-HPTH. We also evaluated the risk of developing P-HPTH when combining low PA (<16 metabolic equivalent hours/week) with a previously identified independent risk factor for developing P-HPTH: low calcium intake (<800 mg/day)....
Absolute line intensities in CO2 bands near 4.8 mum.

Absolute intensities have been determined for over 700 unblended lines in twenty bands of 12C16O2, 13C16O2, 16O12C18O, and 16O12C17O in the 4.8-μm spectral region. The spectral data used in the analysis were recorded at room temperature and low pressure (<10 Torr) with the Fourier transform interferometer in the McMath solar telescope complex of the National Solar Observatory. A natural sample of ultrahigh-purity carbon dioxide was used in the experiment. For each band, the measured line intensities have been fitted to derive the vibrational band intensity and coefficients of the F factor. These derived quantities are compared to values assumed in calculation of the 1982 Air Force Geophysics Laboratory line parameters compilation.
Nurse perspectives regarding the meaningfulness of oncology nursing practice.

Background Recruiting, retaining, and training oncology nurses is challenging given the stress levels associated with a field with constantly evolving treatments and a need for expertise in death and dying. Objectives This research was conducted to assess what is unique about oncology nursing, to identify what motivates oncology nurses to continue working in the specialty, and to determine what sustains them in daily practice. Methods A phenomenologic approach was used to analyze data. Findings Nurses identified three main themes: the importance of vulnerability and thankfulness in patients, the feeling of spirituality associated with oncology practice, and the value of being in the moment and recognizing priorities as meaningful aspects of oncology nursing.
Can the Courts Rescue Us from the Patent Crisis

In The Patent Crisis and How Courts Can Solve it, Dan Burk and Mark Lemley describe how the patent system applies differently in different industries and offer a proposal for reform. They locate the courts as the institution best suited to tailor patent law to the needs of specific industries. In this short review, I first describe their illuminating project. I then critique it on its own terms. Specifically, I ask whether courts might misfire in identifying industry-specific problems or in crafting doctrinal levers to solve them. That is to say, there is a risk of judicial error. Before asking courts to solve problems, we need to understand whether case by case adjudication will give the courts the information they need to properly refine the rules of the patent game. A critical, but unresolved question underlying their proposal is whether the current structure of patent litigation – and the skewed subset of appealed cases it produces – will provide courts this necessary information.
Abstract 2201: Involvement of somatic mutations in silencing cystatin E/M tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer

Cystatin E/M is a cysteine protease inhibitor that has a tumor suppressive function in various cancers. Although promoter methylation is implicated in breast cancer, we wanted to determine whether the gene is also inactivated by somatic mutations. Thus, we analyzed breast cancer tissues and cell lines for the expression of Cystatin E/M and its effect on cancer cell growth and proliferation. RNA expression was observed in 3 (BT20, MB231 and ZR75.1) of 10 breast cancer cell lines by microarray and RT/PCR; however, the protein was not detectable in any of these cell lines by Western blotting indicating RNA and/or protein stability as a possible mechanism. Ectopic expression of cystatin E/M in MB435 cells, a cell line that did not show the RNA or protein expression, resulted in the inhibition of cell proliferation as studied by MTT assay. Western blotting and immunofluorescence studies indicated a reduced expression of its substrate cathepsin L with the reexpression of cystatin E/M. Varying expression of cystatin E/M (absent to strong) was also seen in a cohort of 24 human breast tumors; 8 of these tumors showed increased cathepsin L levels compared to a normal breast specimen. A mutation of Q47 to a stop codon in exon1 was observed in 2 tumor samples. These studies indicate that cystatin E/M may be inactivated by somatic mutations and the protein mediates tumor suppression by regulating its substrate cathepsin L in breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2201. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2201
Insecticide Tests for the Control of the Boll worm in 1936

Several reports (Gaines 1937; Moreland 1938; Moreland & Bibby 1931) have been published recently in the JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY concerning the control of the bollworm, Heliothis obsoleta (F.), as progress reports of the cooperative project between the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, and the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. The results of these tests have shown that dusting with calcium arsenate at the rate of about 8 to 9 pounds per acre gave the most effective and economical control of this pest. Additional tests in connection with this project were made by the senior author in 1936, and the analysis and interpretation of the data were made by the junior author. The work was conducted in the Brazos River Bottoms. The purpose of the project was to determine the comparative effectiveness of the following insecticidal dusts: calcium arsenate, calcium arsenate plus 5 per cent Paris green, calcium arsenate plus 10 per cent Paris green, calcium arsenate plus cube (containing 0.8 per cent rotenone), calcium arsenate plus pyrethrum (containing 0.09 per cent pyrethrins I and II), calcium arsenate plus 50 per cent lime, and calcium arsenate plus 50 per cent sulfur.
Postmortems of the 2010 Midterm Election Forecasts: A Post-Mortem on “Will the Republicans Retake the House in 2010?”

A bare-bones, “economic performance” model of the number of seats won by the president's party in U.S. House of Representatives elections, estimated over the 1914–2008 period, yielded a point forecast of 227 seats for the Democrats, a net loss of 30 seats relative to what the party held at the start of the 111th Congress (if estimated with midterm elections only; 27 seats, if estimated with all elections). However, there was a great deal of uncertainty around that number, to the degree that there was “one chance in three or four that the Democrats [would] lose at least 40 seats,” enough to deprive them of a majority (Cuzan 2010a). Moreover, “the historical distribution of incumbent midterm losses” since 1914 suggested “that the odds of such an outcome occurring [were] around two in five,” so that “although the model forecasts lean against it, a change in party control cannot be dismissed tout court ” (Cuzan 2010a, 640–41).
For democracy: Planning and publics without the state:

This article argues that planning should develop a robust conception of “publics without the State.” We should do so because the State is a necessarily oligarchical arrangement that prevents us from achieving real democracy. We should explore publics without the State in both theory and practice.
San Cosme Mazatecochco, 1940S–1990S: The Impact of Globalization and Neoliberalism

This chapter discusses how Mazatecochco changed from a community of campesinos/as (small landholders) who grew primarily squash, beans, and corn to a community of obreros (factory workers) in the 1940s and 1950s. When globalization began in the early 1980s many of the textile factories in which San Cosmeros/as worked closed. In the late 1980s several families began making garments in small home workshops (talleres) which they sold at regional markets. Ten years later, however, the Mexican economy declined. Many of the garment workshops closed or laid off workers, and hundreds of San Cosmeros/as migrated to Riverview, a small city in New Jersey or New Haven, Connecticut.
Reactive Power Ancillary Service of Synchronous DGs in Coordination With Voltage Control Devices

This paper presents an optimal way to control steady-state voltage in distribution feeders using reactive power ancillary service that is provided by synchronous distributed generators (DGs). Based on load forecasts provided one day in advance, DG reactive power is dispatched on the hour in coordination with the switching operations of an on-load tap changer (OLTC) and shunt capacitors (SCs). This aims to reduce not only distribution line power losses but also the number of switching operations of the OLTC and the SCs, which affect the feeder voltage quality and switching device lifetime. For the reactive power dispatch, a mixed-integer nonlinear optimization problem is formulated using a multiobjective function and solved using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Modules using evolutionary and dynamic programming are incorporated into the PSO algorithm to be less susceptible to becoming trapped in local optima and have a better chance of reaching global optimum. Simulation case studies using small- and large-scale distribution networks were performed using MATLAB to demonstrate that the coordinated reactive power support of the DGs, OLTC, and SCs can achieve the objective effectively, resulting in improved voltage quality.
The Safety of CT-Guided Epidural Steroid Injections in an Older Patient Cohort.

Background Epidural steroid injections (ESIs) are a common method for treating lower back pain, which is one of the most prevalent health-related complaints in the adult US population. Although the safety of CT-guided ESIs has been extensively studied in adults, there is limited data concerning the procedure's safety profile in an older patient population. Objective This retrospective study analyzed safety data among a single-center cohort of patients > 65 years-old who received one or more CT-guided interlaminar ESIs from 2012 to 2015. Study design An Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved retrospective chart review. Setting University hospital center. Methods A total of 688 CT-guided ESI procedures were evaluated and a linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between dose length product (DLP), body mass index (BMI), procedure duration, and kVp/mA settings. Further analysis was performed on a sample of long procedure time, average-DLP and high-DLP procedures. Results Average age was 75.77 years, with 44% having a BMI > 30. The mean DLP was 55.58 mGy x cm and the mean procedure duration was 5.94 minutes. All procedures were technically successful and no complications were observed during or after any of the procedures, including at one-month follow-up office visits. The kVp and mA settings were the strongest predictors of DLP, followed by procedure time. The high-DLP cases had a greater number of needle placement series, more intervertebral disc spaces included in each planning series and higher machine settings (kVp 120; mA 87.5) than the average-DLP cases (kVp 100; mA 49.9). Limitations This study is limited by its retrospective design. Conclusion CT-guided interlaminar ESIs can be performed safely, with low procedure times, relatively low DLP's and without complications in an older patient population. Key words: Epidural steroid injection, interlaminar approach, CT-guidance, older adults, back pain, lumbar spine, thoracic spine, cervical spine, dose length product, radiation exposure.
Regression of Coronary Atherosclerosis with Medical Therapy

A 42-year-old man who had been treated for severe coronary stenosis 4 years earlier presented with atypical chest pain. The imaging findings showed the potential value of medical therapy in treating stenosis.
REGIOSELECTIVE CONSTRUCTION OF N2-ACYL-C4-ARYLAMINOIMIDAZOLES

I have worked on developing methodology towards N 2 -acyl-C 4 -arylaminoimidazoles, a class of compounds inspired by the marine alkaloid naamidine A (NA) (Figure 1). The library of 2-acylaminoimidazoles designed to mimic the zinc-chelating siderophore NA were included in a university-wide small molecule screen against chemoresistant pleural effusion cells. From this library, zinaamidole (ZNA) was identified as a scaffold that induced selective toxicity in transformed cell lines. 1 ZNA analogs were investigated in order to improve ZNA's poor solubility and reduce high clearance rates. Previous methods used in the synthesis of ZNA analogs relied on a metal or base-catalyzed hydroamination of propargylguanidines. 2 The formation of regioisomers of ZNA were explored due to the similar zinc-binding topology. Our previous synthesis did not afford these regioisomers due to the 5-exo-dig cyclization of the propargylguanidines. Our synthesis (Scheme 1) of these ZNA analogs began with the Weinreb amidation of Nmethyl Boc-protected amino acids. Nucleophilic addition of Grignard reagents allowed for the formation of the I±amino ketones, which were subsequently deprotected. Guanylation chemistry with cyanobenzamides developed in the Looper lab then allowed for the formation of the monoacylguanidine, which cyclized to the silyl hemiaminal (confirmed by x-ray crystallography). Treatment of this intermediate with strong acid then afforded the desired aminoimidazole. This chemistry enabled the construction of a library of 16 analogs, which are currently being evaluated in dose-response assays in MCF-7 (breast cancer) and MCF-10A (untransformed breast tissue) cell lines.
Dynamic Control of Dendritic mRNA Expression by CNOT7 Regulates Synaptic Efficacy and Higher Cognitive Function

Summary Translation of mRNAs in dendrites mediates synaptic plasticity, the probable cellular basis of learning and memory. Coordination of translational inhibitory and stimulatory mechanisms, as well as dendritic transport of mRNA, is necessary to ensure proper control of this local translation. Here, we find that the deadenylase CNOT7 dynamically regulates dendritic mRNA translation and transport, as well as synaptic plasticity and higher cognitive function. In cultured hippocampal neurons, synaptic stimulation induces a rapid decrease in CNOT7, which, in the short-term, results in poly(A) tail lengthening of target mRNAs. However, at later times following stimulation, decreased poly(A) and dendritic localization of mRNA take place, similar to what is observed when CNOT7 is depleted over several days. In mice, CNOT7 is essential for hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. This study identifies CNOT7 as an important regulator of RNA transport and translation in dendrites, as well as higher cognitive function.
Indications for Postmastectomy Radiation After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in ypN0 and ypN1-3 Axillary Node-Positive Women

Abstract Introduction Downstaging with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) might obscure indications for postmastectomy radiation (PMRT). The degree of downstaging that results in local-regional recurrence (LRR) rates low enough to omit PMRT remains controversial. We examined the rate of LRR in women who received NAC who underwent mastectomy without PMRT. Patients and Methods Between 2004 and 2013, 81 women with stage I to IIIA breast cancer had NAC and mastectomy; 48 patients (59%) were clinical N0 and 33 patients (41%) were clinical N1; median age was 45 years; 33 patients (41%) had hormone receptor-positive (HR+) HER2−, 21 patients (26%) HR+ HER2+, 19 patients (23%) HR− HER2−, and 7 patients (9%) HR− HER2+ disease. We explored how LRR rates varied with age, BRCA status, Grade, receptor status, clinical N status, pathologic response, lymphovascular invasion, and mastectomy margins. Median follow-up was 4.9 years. Results After NAC, 35 patients (43%) had a pathologic complete response (pCR), 33 patients (41%) were ypN0, and 13 patients (16%) were ypN1-3+. There were 8 LRRs (6 chest wall, 1 axillary, 1 supraclavicular node). The 5-year cumulative incidence of LRR was 8% for all patients, 3% for pCR, 16% for ypN0, 10% for ypN1-3+, 6% for HR+ HER2−, 25% for HR+ HER2+, 0% for HR− HER2−, and 0% for HR− HER2+. LRR was 31% in the ypN0 and 33% in the ypN1-3+ HR+ HER2+ women, and 12% in the ypN0 and 0% in the ypN1 to ypN3+ HR+ HER2− patients. Conclusion This study is unique. All HER2+ patients received trastuzumab and LRR was analyzed according to treatment response, clinicopathologic factors, and receptor status. pCR patients including young women and clinical stage IIIA had low LRR rates. However, ypN0 and ypN1-3+ HR+ HER2+ patients had higher rates of LRR compared with other receptor subgroups and on the basis of limited data should be considered for PMRT.
Late Glacial and Holocene Diatom Successions in the Gulf of Maine: Response to Climatologic and Oceanographic Change

The diatom floras of a 16 meter long piston core from the Wilkinson Basin in the Gulf of Maine were analyzed quantitatively and their composition compared with diatom floras contained in surface sediment samples from the Canadian Arctic to Cape Harteras.
Liquid-Metal Plasma Valves

A series of liquid-metal-cathode vacuum-arc valves, suitable for high-power conversion and switching, has been developed (Eckhardt, 1972a, 1977; Eckhardt and Eckhardt, 1978). Their performance combines the most desirable properties of classical liquid-metal arc devices (such as ignitrons and multi-gap, multi-anode mercury valves) with those of classical (solid-cathode) vacuum-arc devices (such as triggered vacuum gaps and vacuum interrupters). In all versions of this type of valve (termed the Liquid-Metal Plasma Valve or LMPV), the cathode is force-fed with liquid metal, in proportion to current demand, at a rate corresponding to an electron-to-atom emission ratio of typically 50 to 100 (Eckhardt, 1969, 1970).
Project Management of Innovative Teams

Publisher Summary This chapter intends to outline fundamental project management concepts, and then to tie these to relevant psychological and organizational research. In many organizations, innovation occurs in teams working within project management structures. A design team working internally to NASA was tasked with producing software to support the reporting, tracking, and correcting problems with space flight hardware. As with most large organizations, NASA required project management principles be met. Although this software design was conducted in a flexible, fast-paced, and iterative manner, clear requirements, schedules, and risks were identified and managed for the life of the project. Creativity is generally defined as a person, process, product, or environment that expresses or enables both usefulness (appropriateness or correctness) and originality/novelty. Innovation additionally includes the elements of relative rather than absolute novelty, intentional benefit to an individual, group, organization, or to wider society, and the application or implementation of the creative idea. Although there is academic research on project management, it is primarily a form of structuring work processes. Projects have real outcomes and meaningful consequences. As such, project management is simultaneously an area of research, an application, a type of practice, and a method of conducting work.
Lyapunov Function Controlled Parallel Resonance Fault Current Limiter for Transient Stability Enhancement of Power System

In this paper, a Lyapunov function control based parallel resonance type fault current limiter (PRFCL) is proposed to enhance the transient stability of the multimachine power system. The proposed controller is unique in the sense that it offers global stability, voltage and current feedbacks in the controller loops. The performance of the proposed Lyapunov function controlled PRFCL is compared with that of a previously proposed static nonlinear controlled PRFCL. The detailed controller design, analysis, and stability investigations are carried out for the IEEE 39 bus power system by the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. From the simulation results and different quantifying parameters, it has been deduced that the proposed Lyapunov function controlled PRFCL is effective in improving the transient stability of the power system, and also it performs better than the static nonlinear controlled PRFCL.
Two Eyewitnesses are More Persuasive Than One Except When They Remember a Suspect's Feature

Are jurors more likely to convict a suspect who has been identified by multiple eyewitnesses than by a single one? Participants saw a lineup of faces with one face highlighted as having been identified by either one or two highly confident eyewitnesses. Participants estimated the likely guilt of the suspect. Two eyewitnesses were not more persuasive than one when either the single or the multiple eyewitnesses had provided a featural justification about their identification (e.g., “I remember his eyes”). But, guilt judgments were reliably higher in the two eyewitness than in the single eyewitness condition when eyewitnesses provided either a confidence statement only or a confidence statement with a recognition justification (e.g., “I recognize him”). Furthermore, two eyewitnesses who mention different features are less persuasive than two eyewitnesses who mention the same feature. The results are consistent with our perceived diagnosticity account.
The forensic anthropology legacy of T. Dale Stewart (1901-1997).

T. Dale Stewart (1901–1997) began his Smithsonian career as a temporary aide to Ales Hrdlicka (1869–1943) in 1924. At the time of his death in 1997, he was regarded world-wide as an authority who led the professional development of American forensic anthropology. He was a prodigious researcher, best known for his meticulous attention to detail, balanced scientific judgment, keen sense of research design, and ability for synthesis. Stewart's publications, extensive casework for the FBI and others, his court testimony, publications, professional contacts, and organizational activity merit him a prominent place in the history of American forensic anthropology.
Why is Mississippi the Best State in Which to be Exonerated? An Empirical Evaluation of State Statutory and Civil Compensation for the Wrongfully Convicted

Wrongful conviction has for decades been a subject of academic study, litigation, and policy reform, but its more recent reach into popular culture is reflected in an array of books, documentaries, podcasts, movies, and TV shows. In both non-fiction and fiction, the theme of wrongful conviction marries a traditionally American revulsion of profound injustice with the captivation of the police procedural, dirty cops, forensic evidence, and the relentless fortitude of incarcerated innocents and their heroic lawyers. The innocence movement lies at this intersection between law and popular imagination. As the attendance at the 2018 Innocence Network Conference attests, the energy of the innocence movement over the last twenty-five years has not flagged. It continues to secure exonerations and to publicize them, to advocate for the appropriate use of scientifically sound forensic science, to press for improved police and investigative procedures, and to support the creation of conviction integrity units to revisit potential wrongful convictions.
Intraoperative Intercostal Nerve Cryoanalgesia Improves Pain Control After Descending and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repairs

Background We reviewed the efficacy of intraoperative intercostal nerve cryoanalgesia for pain control in patients undergoing descending and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repairs. Methods During 2013 and 2017, 241 patients underwent descending and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Of those, 38 patients were treated with intraoperative cryoanalgesia to the intercostal nerves at the level of 4th to 10th under electromyography guidance and were compared with patients who did not receive cryoanalgesia. Both groups received multilevel paravertebral block and local infiltration with liposomal bupivacaine. Numerical pain scale scores and amount of opioid usage in morphine milligram equivalences on the first to fourth and eighth postoperative days were collected. We excluded patients from the study who were extubated after the third postoperative day or who were reintubated. Results One hundred twenty-six patients met the inclusion criteria: 28 in the cryoanalgesia group and 98 in the control group. Preoperative patient demographics were similar in both groups, except for more frequent chronic dissection in patients with cryoanalgesia (93% vs 65%, P = .004). Postoperative major complications, length of stay, and discharge to home were not significantly different in either group. However, median ventilation hours were significantly shorter in the cryoanalgesia group (5 vs 12 hours, P Conclusions Intercostal nerve cryoanalgesia under electromyography guidance provided improved pain control and reduced narcotic use after descending and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repairs compared with those who only received paravertebral block.
Abstract C089: Adaptive responses of low-grade ovarian cancer cell lines to MEK inhibitor

Low-grade ovarian serous carcinomas (OSC) account for more than 70% epithelial ovarian cancers in young women. The exact biological pathways that underlie this disease are elusive. Moreover, chemotherapy and hormonal therapy are relatively ineffective and have generally failed to reduce the high morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. Because the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway is frequently activated in low-grade OSC, targeting this pathway has been examined as a potential avenue for treatment. Results from a phase II Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) trial for patients with recurrent low-grade OSC indicated a majority of the patients had developed resistance to Selumetinib (a MEK inhibitor). There were one complete responder, seven partial responders and 34 patients with stable disease out of the 52 patients treated with the MEK inhibitor. In order to understand the MEK inhibitor adaptive response, we have generated two MEK inhibitor (MEKi) adaptive resistant low-grade OSC cell lines. Using functional proteomic analysis by reverse phase protein array (RPPA), we identified several signaling pathways affected by MEKi (trametinib). Our data indicated pAKT was the most up-regulated protein by MEKi. In addition, other proteins in the mTOR, NF-kB, RTK and immune suppressive pathways were up-regulated. We further validated the result by western blot analysis, phospho-ERK, CHK1, MSH2, pRB and DUSP6 were down-regulated, while pAKT, B7-H4, BIM, and p27 were significantly up-regulated. More interestingly, SERPINE1 was the only highly expressed protein in both MEKi adaptive resistance low-grade OSC cell lines, and its expression was not affected by MEKi treatment. Knocking down the expression of SERPINE1 by siRNA targeting SERPINE1 in the MEKi-resistant low-grade OSC cell line was able to attenuate its resistance to trametinib. In summary, we have deciphered several adaptive responses of low-grade ovarian cancer cell lines to MEK inhibitor and the up-regulation of the SERPINE1 pathway is partly responsible for the development of adaptive resistance. Citation Format: Kwong-Kwok Wong, Yvonne T Tsang, Michelle Chen, Eucharist H Kun, David M Gershenson. Adaptive responses of low-grade ovarian cancer cell lines to MEK inhibitor [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2019 Oct 26-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2019;18(12 Suppl):Abstract nr C089. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.TARG-19-C089
Individual and Organizational Characteristics Predicting Intervention Use for Children with Autism in Schools.

Several interventions have demonstrated efficacy in improving social outcomes for children with autism, but they often are not used in schools. This study examined individual and organizational fac...
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulation of Sunitinib in Pediatrics

Using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simulations, this study estimated the exposure of sunitinib and its active metabolite SU012662 in pediatric patients. A PBPK simulator, SimCYP, was used to develop and validate the pharmacokinetic models. Model development employed a combined “bottom–up” and “top–down” approach to fully utilize the available in vitro or in silico experimental data and in vivo observed clinical data. First, the PBPK model for sunitinib was established, then the cytochrome P450 3A4–mediated metabolism of sunitinib was used as the input for SU012662. PBPK models were validated using pharmacokinetics of sunitinib and SU012662 from one study in adult patients with solid tumors and three clinical trials in pediatric patients with solid or gastrointestinal stromal tumors. The models were further used to predict the exposure of sunitinib and SU012662 by pediatric age groups. The PBPK models for sunitinib and SU012662 developed based on pharmacokinetic characteristics in adults successfully predicted the observed in vivo pharmacokinetics of sunitinib and SU012662 in both adults and pediatric patients. Based on the SimCYP model predictions, a daily dose of 20 mg/m2 will produce sunitinib and SU012662 total exposures in pediatric patients similar to those in adults with gastrointestinal stromal tumor treated with a clinical dose of 50 mg once daily.
Management of Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhages

This PBLD reviews the etiology and diagnosis of Intracerebral Hemorrhages (ICH) and continues to provide information regarding the acute treatment of blood pressure and coagulopathy. The text reviews appropriate neurointensive care as well as the indications for surgical interventions, such as tracheostomy, extraventricular drain placement, and decompressive craniectomy with or without clot evacuation.
A Rare Cause of Bilateral Corneal Ulcers: Vitamin A Deficiency in the Setting of Chronic Alcoholism.

Vitamin A deficiency is rarely encountered in the western world. When encountered, vitamin A deficiency is seen as a component of the malabsorption spectrum of disease. Given the infrequency of nutritional deficits in the developed world, vitamin A-associated ophthalmologic disease is rarely encountered. We report a case of a 56-year-old male with severe vitamin A deficiency in the setting of alcoholic liver cirrhosis. This case emphasizes two important points. First, it considers vitamin A deficiency as a cause of corneal ulceration in patients with chronic alcoholism. Second, it raises awareness of hepatotoxicity that can result after the supplementation of vitamin A in patients with chronic alcoholism. Although an uncommon diagnosis, it should be considered when other causes, such as infectious and autoimmune conditions, are ruled out.
Participants’ Perception of Tasks in an Informatics Contest

Bebras is a contest organized for schools to promote computational thinking and new tasks are developed for it every year. The contest is held online in over 50 countries around the world and its results provide a great deal of information regarding difficulty levels of particular tasks and factors influencing participants’ success in the contest. Our paper brings an analysis of such hard data in relation to statements of those participants who expressed their opinion on the difficulty of particular tasks and whose statements could be matched with their actual academic performance in the contest. Questionnaires were voluntarily completed by contestants participating in the Senior category (for the oldest participants aged over 16) from the Czech Republic.
Extramural V: Non-profit Organizations

This project will produce the National Geographic World Atlas of Beer, which National Geographic Books and we envision being the “the most comprehensive atlas on beer”.
Interagency Collaboration for Pediatric Autism Spectrum Disorder: Perspectives of Community-Based Providers.

Abstract Background Interagency collaboration between community and school settings is one mechanism to serve the complex needs of pediatric patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Purpose We surveyed a national sample of community-based providers to examine their perspectives on interagency collaboration with school-based providers when serving pediatric patients with ASD. Method Medical and behavioral/mental health professionals practicing in community settings were recruited. Participants (N = 116) completed an online survey about their interagency collaboration experiences with schools. Results The majority of the sample reported engaging in interagency collaboration with school-based providers; however, the frequency was limited and was associated with the number of years working in the field. Community-based providers wanted more didactic and hands-on experiences in collaboration. Barriers and facilitators were related to schools' administration, school personnels’ training in ASD, information exchange, and delineating between identification systems. Discussion and conclusion Our findings highlight the importance of leadership support and the need for innovative training experiences to support school-community interagency collaboration.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia Associated With Variant t(8;21) Detected by Conventional Cytogenetic and Molecular Studies

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with the t(8;21) (q22;q22) creating the AML1-ETO fusion gene is a distinct type of AML generally associated with a favorable prognosis. The clinicopathologic features of AML carrying variant t(8;21) are less well characterized. We report 4 cases of AML characterized by ins(8;21)(q22;q22q22), t(1;21;8)(q25;q22;q22), t(8;11;21)(q22;q13;q22), and t(4;21;8;12)(q31.3;q22;q22;q15), respectively. Fluorescence in situ hybridization or reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction assay confirmed the presence of AML1-ETO or its transcripts in 3 cases assessed. Each neoplasm had morphologic characteristics of AML associated with the t(8;21). The blasts in 2 cases expressed CD19. All patients were treated with combination chemotherapy and are in complete remission, despite 2 relapses in 1 patient, with a follow-up period ranging from 8 to 46 months. We conclude that cases of AML with variant t(8;21) display morphologic, immunophenotypic, and clinical features similar to classical cases. A combination of conventional cytogenetic and molecular analyses allows identification of these variants.
Federal Enclaves and Local Law: Carving Out a Domestic Violence Exception to Exclusive Legislative Jurisdiction

Diane Cobb, a member of the United States Armed Forces, resides and works in a federal enclave.' Solely because of this, questions of law arose as to whether a Massachusetts state court could issue a restraining order to protect her and her infant child from an abusive and dangerous civilian husband,2 and whether such a state-generated order even would be enforceable in a federal enclave.3 The jurisdiction of federal courts does not reach into domestic relations.4
Comments on the Relaxation Process in the Cholesteric-Nematic Transition

The relaxation process by which a field-aligned nematic state returns to a helicoidal structure has been the subject of several studies. In this paper, we report some new transient optical and capacitive measurements which emphasize the dependence of the relaxation on sample boundary conditions. Homeotropic samples exhibit a delay time after field removal, followed by nucleation of the decay sequence about isolated points. During the decay, the capacitance decreases monotonically, but the light-scattering transient is structured even in the absence of polarizing optics. A spiral domain structure is observed for these samples. For samples with parallel boundary conditions, the transient capacitance data exhibit a minimum which supports earlier inferences of a tilted-Grandjean-planar structure.