cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Undulatory Silver-Rich Polymetallic Veins of the Castrovirreyna District, Central Peru: Fault Growth and Mineralization in a Perturbed Local Stress Field

Strongly undulatory silver veins of the Castrovirreyna district, central Peru, formed in a dilatant, anastamosing, low-displacement, left-lateral fault system during late-Miocene, east-west–directed compression. The steeply dipping veins have multiple orders of undulations, as seen in map view, and underground mines expose strong dip reversals. Kinematic indicators from the east-northeast– to west-northwest–striking veins record mainly left-lateral slip and lesser oblique-reverse slip. These striation data, considered along with vein intersection angles and map patterns, indicate that the veins did not form as a simple conjugate fracture set. The preferred interpretation is that the curved fracture growth and complex slip distributions developed because of local stress-field modifications by the propagating faults and dilating vein segments during regional east-west–directed compression. Variably oriented fault striations, compound displacement profiles, and multiple scales of vein curvature are all characteristics of stress interaction between subparallel veins. Veins possessing these features may be expected to host oreshoots with a complex geometry that depends not only on local accommodation space produced at dilant jogs, but also on the proximity to other veins and changing slip directions.
RNA-Seq reveals complex genetic response to deepwater horizon oil release in Fundulus grandis

The release of oil resulting from the blowout of the Deepwater Horizon (DH) drilling platform was one of the largest in history discharging more than 189 million gallons of oil and subject to widespread application of oil dispersants. This event impacted a wide range of ecological habitats with a complex mix of pollutants whose biological impact is still not yet fully understood. To better understand the effects on a vertebrate genome, we studied gene expression in the salt marsh minnow Fundulus grandis, which is local to the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico and is a sister species of the ecotoxicological model Fundulus heteroclitus. To assess genomic changes, we quantified mRNA expression using high throughput sequencing technologies (RNA-Seq) in F. grandis populations in the marshes and estuaries impacted by DH oil release. This application of RNA-Seq to a non-model, wild, and ecologically significant organism is an important evaluation of the technology to quickly assess similar events in the future. Our de novo assembly of RNA-Seq data produced a large set of sequences which included many duplicates and fragments. In many cases several of these could be associated with a common reference sequence using blast to query a reference database. This reduced the set of significant genes to 1,070 down-regulated and 1,251 up-regulated genes. These genes indicate a broad and complex genomic response to DH oil exposure including the expected AHR-mediated response and CYP genes. In addition a response to hypoxic conditions and an immune response are also indicated. Several genes in the choriogenin family were down-regulated in the exposed group; a response that is consistent with AH exposure. These analyses are in agreement with oligonucleotide-based microarray analyses, and describe only a subset of significant genes with aberrant regulation in the exposed set. RNA-Seq may be successfully applied to feral and extremely polymorphic organisms that do not have an underlying genome sequence assembly to address timely environmental problems. Additionally, the observed changes in a large set of transcript expression levels are indicative of a complex response to the varied petroleum components to which the fish were exposed.
One million plug-in electric vehicles on the road by 2015

It is mentioned that one million plug-in hybrid and electric vehicles will be on the road by 2015 in United States to reduce emission. If one million electric vehicles (EVs) are connected to the existing electric grid randomly, peak load will be very high. Electrified transportation based on a traditional thermal power system will be costly economically and environmentally though it has a great value for electric power and transportation sectors. EVs cannot alone solve the emission problem completely since they need electric power, which is one of the main sources of emission. Therefore, significant emission reduction greatly depends on the maximum utilization of renewable energy. Two models are investigated to show the effect of one million EVs on electric power and transportation sectors. Linear and non-linear systems are used in modeling the emissions generated from the transportation and electric energy sectors respectively.
Age-associated changes in the hippocampal-ventral striatum-ventral tegmental loop that impact learning, prediction, and context discrimination.

Studies of the neural mechanisms of navigation and context discrimination have generated a powerful heuristic for understanding how neural codes, circuits and computations contribute to accurate behavior as animals traverse and learn about spatially-extended environments. It is assumed that memories are updated as a result of spatial experience. The mechanism, however, for such a process is not clear. Here we suggest that one revealing approach to study this issue is to integrate our knowledge about limbic system mediated navigation and context discrimination with knowledge about how midbrain neural circuitry mediates decision making. This perspective should lead to new and specific neural theories about how choices that we make during navigation determine what information is ultimately learned and remembered. This same circuitry may be involved when past experiences come to bias future spatial perceptions and response selection. With old age come not only important changes in limbic system operations, but also significant decline in the function of midbrain regions that underlie accurate and efficient decisions. Thus suboptimal accuracy of spatial context-based decision making may be at least in part responsible for the common observation of spatial memory decline in old age.
Children's relationships with brands: “True love” or “one‐night” stand?

Group and individual interviews were conducted to examine relationships developed between children and brands in the family setting. Children's stories about brands suggest that they develop relationships with a wide range of brands and these relationships are imbedded in the social environment where children live and grow. Interpersonal relationship metaphors were utilized to describe different forms of child–brand relationships. The article concludes that children's relationships with brands serve important functions in their lives and have significant implications for marketers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensitivity analysis of pulse-width jitter induced noise in continuous-time delta-sigma modulators to out-of-band blockers in wireless receivers

This paper investigates the sensitivity of continuous-time (CT) delta-sigma analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), candidate architectures for multi-standard and software-defined radio receivers, to feedback pulse-width jitter (PWJ) in presence of blocker signals received at the ADC input. A comparison between delta-sigma modulators with feedforward (FF) and feedback (FB) loop filter structures in terms of robustness to digital-to-analog converter (DAC) PWJ, in presence of blockers, is performed. Analysis and discussions developed in the paper are verified by CT simulations in Matlab/Simulink® and simulations results show good agreement with the theoretical expectations. It is shown that the PWJ induced errors due to out-of-band (OOB) blockers in the feedback path dominate the total in-band noise power (IBN) in FF delta-sigma structures and can cause a reduction in the achievable dynamic range that can be as large as 12 dB (2 bits of resolution) in case of using a non-return-to-zero DAC waveform. On the other hand, for same blocker levels at the modulator input, PWJ induced errors caused by OOB blockers have negligible contribution to the IBN in FB structures, owing to their stronger low-pass filtering characteristic and hence higher attenuation of OOB blockers.
Dyadic Power Theory, Touch, and Counseling Psychology A Response to Smith, Vogel, Madon, and Edwards (2011)

Smith, Vogel, Madon, and Edwards’ (2011) recent article tested dyadic power theory (DPT) by examining the use of touch as a compliance-gaining tactic in the conflicts of married couples. In this response, we raise a methodological issue about the touch behaviors examined by Smith et al. and also pose a theoretical critique that their test of DPT violates an important scope condition of the theory. They did not examine differences between power-equal and power-unequal dyads, but instead they state that topic selection provides an actor with legitimate authority (and thus greater perceived power) and therefore the actor would touch their partner more to influence the partner. In contrast, DPT predicts that actors will use control attempts such as touch more when they are equal in power than when they are unequal. We believe DPT is relevant to touch in marital conflicts and provide a preliminary statement of that idea.
The Art of Hearing Conservation

This issue of the International Journal of Audiology highlights the contributions of authors who participated in the 2013 National Hearing Conservation Association (NHCA) conference, The Art of Hea...
Somatic awareness, uncertainty, and delay in care‐seeking in acute heart failure

Symptom monitoring is difficult for heart failure (HF) patients. Difficulties physically sensing and determining symptom meaning may lead to uncertainty and delay treatment. Somatic awareness may provide insight into symptom monitoring ability. A model combining physical and cognitive aspects of the symptom experience was developed to examine factors affecting care-seeking among HF patients. Adults hospitalized with acute HF were interviewed and completed questionnaires measuring somatic awareness and uncertainty. HF symptom duration prior to admission measured delay. HF specific somatic awareness and symptom pattern predicted delay. Uncertainty correlated with somatic awareness, but did not predict delay. Few responded to early HF symptoms delaying until acutely ill. Development of interventions to improve symptom monitoring is needed.
Recognition and sex categorization of adults' and children's faces: examining performance in the absence of sex-stereotyped cues.

Abstract The ability of children and adults to classify the sex of children's and adults' faces using only the biologically based internal facial structure was investigated. Face images of 7- to 10-year-old children and of adults in their 20s were edited digitally to eliminate hairstyle and clothing cues to sex. Seven-year-olds, nine-year-olds, and adults classified a subset of these faces by sex and were asked, subsequently, to recognize the faces from among the entire set of faces. This recognition task was designed to assess the relationship between categorization and recognition accuracy. Participants categorized the adult faces by sex at levels of accuracy varying from just above chance (7-year-olds) to nearly perfect (adults). All participant groups performed less accurately for children's faces than for adults' faces. The 7-year-olds were unable to classify the children's faces by sex at levels above chance. Finally, the faces of children and adults were equally recognizable—a finding that has theoretical implications for understanding the relationship between categorizing and identifying faces.
New methods for the direct extraction of mobility and series resistance from a single ultra-scaled device

In summary, we have presented a novel wafer-level Hall mobility (μ H ) measurement methodology which can be implemented in any conventional wafer prober (no specialized equipment needed). In addition, we demonstrated a simple R SD extraction scheme with verifiable accuracy. Both techniques work directly on a single ultra-scaled MOSFET, providing an elegant solution to two very difficult but important measurements. The authors acknowledge the Office of Microelectronic Programs at NIST for financial support.
Scaling and statistical models for affiliation networks: patterns of participation among Soviet politicians during the Brezhnev era

Abstract We use scaling and statistical models to study networks of ties among Soviet politicians during the Brezhnev era created by their co-attendance at events. The data consist of observations made by the National Foreign Assessment Center of the Central Intelligence Agency of appearances of Soviet political elites at official and social events for 8 years during the height of the Brezhnev era. Conventional wisdom characterizes the Soviet system as partimonial rather than bureaucratic in nature, that is, a system in which power is exercised through loyalties to key players often rooted in common regional and educational associations. One, therefore, might expect that co-attendance at events over these 8 years to be unrelated to actor’s formal positions and the nature of the events. However, our scaling models reveal that participation is patterned by the state and party offices elites hold. Random graph models provide tests of hypotheses about structural features of this network and confirm the interaction between politicians’ offices and the types of events which they jointly attend. Our discussion of the substantive implications of our analyses highlights the need for more detailed examination of “career tracks” through the co-participation space, particularly deviant career tracks and the need for a companion analysis of the structuring participations by informal power groups like those identified by Willerton [Soviet Stud. 34 (1987) 175].
Vibratory power transmission through coupled composite plates with joint compliance and damping

This paper presents a wave-based, analytical method for the computation of power transfer coefficients (PTC) to evaluate vibratory power transmitted through a set of angled structural joints that connects an arbitrary number of composite plates. Each joint is only used to hold two adjacent plates together. The elastic wave motions and dispersion properties of the plate are calculated by considering shear deformation, rotary inertia, and material anisotropy. The joint is modeled with stiffness and damping in both translational and rotational directions, and the joint parameters are allowed to differ from one joint to another. The equilibrium conditions at the joint set are derived to solve for the complex amplitude of waves propagating away from it. From the PTCs computed for a particular angle of wave incidence at the junction, the diffuse-field PTCs are calculated using weighted integral of the incidence angle. A comparison with published numerical results for simpler configurations has been performed in...
Exact probability of erasure and a decoding algorithm for convolutional codes on the binary erasure channel

Analytic expressions for the exact probability of erasure for systematic, rate- 1/2 convolutional codes used to communicate over the binary erasure channel and decoded using the soft-input, soft-output (SISO) and a posteriori probability (APP) algorithms are given. An alternative forward-backward algorithm which produces the same result as the SISO algorithm is also given. This low-complexity implementation, based upon lookup tables, is of interest for systems which use convolutional codes, such as turbo codes.
Robust and continuous estimation of driver gaze zone by dynamic analysis of multiple face videos

Analysis of driver's head behavior is an integral part of driver monitoring system. Driver's coarse gaze direction or gaze zone is a very important cue in understanding driver- state. Many existing gaze zone estimators are, however, limited to single camera perspectives, which are vulnerable to occlu- sions of facial features from spatially large head movements away from the frontal pose. Non-frontal glances away from the driving direction, though, are of special interest as interesting events, critical to driver safety, occur during those times. In this paper, we present a distributed camera framework for gaze zone estimation using head pose dynamics to operate robustly and continuously even during large head movements. For experimental evaluations, we collected a dataset from naturalistic on-road driving in urban streets and freeways. A human expert provided the gaze zone ground truth using all vision information including eyes and surround context. Our emphasis is to understand the efficacy of the head pose dynamic information in predicting eye-gaze-based zone ground truth. We conducted several experiments in designing the dynamic features and compared the performance against static head pose based approach. Analyses show that dynamic information significantly improves the results.
Cell Penetration and Trafficking of Polyomavirus

The murine polyomavirus (Py) enters mouse fibroblasts and kidney epithelial cells via an endocytic pathway that is caveola-independent (as well as clathrin-independent). In contrast, uptake of simian virus 40 into the same cells is dependent on caveola. Following the initial uptake of Py, both microtubules and microfilaments play roles in trafficking of the virus to the nucleus. Colcemid, which disrupts microtubules, inhibits the ability of Py to reach the nucleus and replicate. Paclitaxel, which stabilizes microtubules and prevents microtubule turnover, has no effect, indicating that intact but not dynamic microtubules are required for Py infectivity. Compounds that disrupt actin filaments enhance Py uptake while stabilization of actin filaments impedes Py infection. Virus particles are seen in association with actin in cells treated with microfilament-disrupting or filament-stabilizing agents at levels comparable to those in untreated cells, suggesting that a dynamic state of the microfilament system is important for Py infectivity.
Analysis of the Total Scattering Using the Quantitative High Pressure Pair Distribution Function: Practical Considerations

Technical developments in high energy (E > 60 keV) total x-ray scattering at synchrotron storage rings allow collection of quantitative data from samples in high pressure devices. The infrastructure now in place facilitates advances in our understanding of how disorder, composition, P and T interact to stabilize and to properties of disordered crystalline, nano-crystalline, glassy and liquid materials at high PT. Key developments include over sampling using area detectors, focusing of beams with E > 80 keV and modifications to diamond anvil cells that in combination mitigate problems that limit the resolution and precision with which disordered materials can be studied.
Summary of ISO/TC 201 standard: XIII, ISO 18114:2003—surface chemical analysis—secondary ion mass spectrometry—determination of relative sensitivity factors from ion‐implanted reference materials

This International Standard specifies a method of determining relative sensitivity factors (RSFs) for secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) from ion-implanted reference materials. The method is applicable to specimens in which the matrix is of uniform chemical composition, and in which the peak concentration of the implanted species does not exceed one atomic percent. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sulfolobus shibatae CCA-adding enzyme forms a tetramer upon binding two tRNA molecules: A scrunching-shuttling model of CCA specificity.

The tRNA CCA-adding enzyme adds CCA stepwise to immature transfer RNA molecules untemplated, but with high specificity. We examined the oligomerization state of the enzyme from Sulfolobus shibatae and its binding to transfer RNA molecules, using various biophysical and biochemical methods including size exclusion chromatography, multi-angle laser light scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering, and gel electrophoresis band mobility shift assay. The 48 kDa monomer forms a stable salt- resistant dimer in solution. Further dimerization of the dimeric enzyme to form a tetramer is induced by the binding of two tRNA molecules. The formation of a tetramer with only two bound tRNA molecules leads us to suggest that one pair of active sites may be specific for adding two C bases, which results in scrunching of the primer strand. An adjacent second pair of active sites may be specific for adding A after addition of two C bases which makes the 3' terminus long enough to reach the second pair of active sites.
Intrapulmonary Cytokine Accumulation Following BAL and the Role of Endotoxin Contamination

Study objectives BAL induces alveolar inflammation, but its effects on intrapulmonary cytokines and the mechanisms causing inflammation are uncertain. The objectives of this study were: (1) to characterize cytokine response in the lungs to BAL, and (2) to determine whether endotoxin is introduced into the lungs during BAL, which could promote BAL-induced inflammation. Design and methods We performed two BAL procedures in healthy volunteers separated by 4 (n = 6), 24 (n = 5), or 72 h (n = 3). The initial BAL was performed in the right middle lobe (RML) and the second BAL was performed in the same location and the lingula. Concentrations of interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and transforming growth factor-β were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) bioactivity was determined. Endotoxin contents of saline (10 and 20 mL) infused through bronchoscopes as well as BAL fluids recovered from six subjects were assessed by limulus amebocyte assay. Results At 4 h after the initial lavage, but not at later times, BAL fluid recovered from the RML contained increased concentrations of IL-8 and IL-1β, and increased TNF-α bioactivity. BAL fluid recovered from the lingula contained increased concentrations of TNF-α only at 4 h. All BAL samples tested contained detectable endotoxin as did all saline aliquots instilled through bronchoscopes. Conclusions There is intrapulmonary accumulation of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-1β in the lavaged lung within 4 h after BAL; this accumulation resolves by 24 h. Endotoxin contamination of the lungs during bronchoscopy may contribute to BAL-induced lung inflammation.
A single-layer perceptron for Fourier transform

Summary form only given, as follows. A single-layer perceptron has been trained to perform the fast Fourier transform. Excellent performance has been found through computer simulations. The peak amplitude of the filter sidelobes can be reduced significantly relative to the peak amplitude of the mainlobe, but the width of the mainlobe does not increase at all. Computer simulations show that the peak amplitude of the first sidelobe is zero for several cases. The single-layer perceptron finishes computation in two stages regardless of the number of samples in the time domain; this implies that the computation speed is fast. From simulation results it has been found that the number of neurons in the hidden layer determines the accuracy of output. More neurons in the hidden layers do not imply better performance. The number of neurons in the hidden layer can be as small as log n/log 2, where n is the number of input signal samples. This implies that the hardware implementation for real-time application is feasible. Results from a preliminary study show that the single-layer perceptron can suppress spectral leakage better than the blackman window, without widening the mainlobe, even with several faulty weights. The backpropagation training algorithm has been used to train the single-layer perceptron with specially designed data. >
Hydrogen Embrittlement of Grade 2 and Grade 3 Titanium in 6% Sodium Chloride Solution

Abstract Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of grade 2 and grade 3 titanium was investigated in 6% sodium chloride (NaCl) at pH 1 under potential control at 70°C. Grade 2 titanium was, at most, slightly s...
Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene for Chordal Replacement: Preventing Knot Failure.

Purpose Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene suture is commonly used for chordal replacement in mitral valve repair, but due to material characteristics, knots can unravel. Our aim was to determine the knot security, including how many throws are necessary to prevent knot failure, with Gore-Tex (W.L. Gore and Associates, Elkton, MD) and the newly available Chord-X (On-X Life Technologies Inc, Austin, TX). Description Knots were evaluated for maximal load based on: number of throws (6, 8, 10, and 12), tension to secure each throw (10%, 50%, and 85%) and suture type (Gore-Tex CV-5 and Chord-X 3-0). A physiologic force of 2 N was used for comparison. Evaluation We evaluated 240 knots. For all knots, the mean load to failure was 11.1 ± 5.8 N. Failure occurred due to unraveling in 141 knots (59%) at 7.1 ± 4.1 N and to breaking in 99 (41%) at 16.7 ± 2.0 N (p Conclusions Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene has adequate strength to prevent breakage; however, a risk of knot unraveling at physiologic conditions exists when fewer than 10 throws are performed.
Splicing the Divide: A Review of Research on the Evolving Digital Divide among K-12 Students.

AbstractThe digital divide has narrowed with regard to one definition of access to technology—the binary view of the “haves” and “have-nots.” However, use of technology at home and in school is not equitable for all students. According to recent literature, a broader and more nuanced definition of the technological divide is necessary in order to express the ways technology is used or not used. The purpose of this research review is to examine the defining characteristics of technology use by K–12 students, highlighting the complexities of the evolving digital divide. This review integrates findings from empirical studies, theoretical articles, research reviews, and government surveys in the United States in order to present a renewed look at an evolving digital divide, explore the underlying causes of the unequal student use of technology, suggest directions for future research, and provide current implications for practice.
The Roof at the Bottom of the World: Discovering the Transantarctic Mountains

A century after Amundsen and Scott's field parties first reached the South Pole, Edmund Stump has published a book about how various regions of the Transantarctic Mountains were first explored. The...
Retrospective estimation of the susceptibility driven field map for distortion correction in echo planar imaging

Echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence used for acquiring functional MRI (fMRI) time series data provides the advantage of high temporal resolution, but also is highly sensitive to the magnetic field inhomogeneity resulting in geometric distortions. A static field-inhomogeneity map measured before or after the fMRI scan to correct for such distortions does not account for magnetic field changes due to the head motion during the time series acquisition. In practice, the field map dynamically changes with head motion during the scan and leads to variations in the geometric distortion. We model in this work the field inhomogeneity with the object and the scanner dependent terms. The object-specific term varies with the object's magnetic susceptibility and orientation, i.e., head position with respect to B0. Thus, the simple transformation of the acquired field may not yield an accurate field map. We assume that the scanner-specific field remains unchanged and independent of the head motion. Our approach in this study is to retrospectively estimate the object's magnetic susceptibility (χ) map from an observed high-resolution static field map using an estimator derived from a probability density function of non-uniform noise. This approach is capable of finding the susceptibility map regardless of the wrapping effect. A dynamic field map at each head position can be estimated by applying a rigid body transformation to the estimated χ-map and the 3-D susceptibility voxel convolution (SVC) which is a physics-based discrete convolution model for computing χ-induced field inhomogeneity.
Mass Flows in Massive Binaries: Clues from Spectropolarimetry

Because most massive stars have been or will be affected by a companion during the course of their evolution, we cannot afford to neglect binaries when discussing the progenitors of supernovae and GRBs. Analyzing linear polarization in the emission lines of close binary systems allows us to probe the structures of these systems' winds and mass flows, making it possible to map the complex morphologies of the mass loss and mass transfer structures that shape their subsequent evolution. In Wolf-Rayet (WR) binaries, line polarization variations with orbital phase distinguish polarimetric signatures arising from lines that scatter near the stars from those that scatter far from the orbital plane. These far-scattering lines may form the basis for a “binary line-effect method” of identifying rapidly rotating WR stars (and hence GRB progenitor candidates) in binary systems.
Abstract 3529: KIM-1 is a novel therapeutic target in renal cell carcinoma

Background. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is characterized by lack of early warning signs, diverse clinical manifestations, absence of a reliable diagnostic and predictive biomarker, and resistance to targeted therapy. Given the high incidence and worse prognosis, novel approaches for diagnosis, management and treatment of RCC are urgently needed. Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) is not expressed in normal kidney tissues but markedly up-regulated in dedifferentiated proximal tubular epithelial cells following renal injury. We demonstrated KIM-1 is expressed ubiquitoulsy by both primary and metastatic lesions of clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinoma, while barely detectable in other subtypes of RCC. The ectodomain of KIM-1 molecule cleaves by matrix metaloproteinases and sheds into surround milieu. In the present study, we investigated the role of KIM-1 in the pathogenesis of RCC. Methods. KIM-1 is stably transfected in immortalized tubular epithelial cells (LLC-PK1, gain-of-function) and KIM-1 was knockdown in RCC cell lines (loss-of-function) using lentiviral apporach and interoggated KIM-1 function in carcinogenesis. Results. Heterologous expression of KIM-1 increased cell proliferation, induced anchorage indepdent growth, increased migration and invasion potential, and increased the secreation of tumor promoting fractors, including TGF beta and IL-6 in immortalized tubular epithelial cells (PK1-KIM-1); while depletion of KIM-1 in RCC cells leads to cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and senescence. Recently, we and others have demonstrated that KIM-1 is a phosphatildyl serine receptor and the expression of KIM-1 converts a normal epithelial cell into a “semi professional phagocyte” and facilitates the removal of apoptotic and necrotic cells by recognizing phosphotidyl serine (PS) on their cell surface. Our data suggests that during this process, tumor epithelial cells undergo reprogramming and secrete and activate cytokines involved in cell survival and angiogenesis programs. Conclusions. The present study demonstrates that KIM-1-expression promotes tumorigenesis primarily by two distinct mechanisms: i) by directly conferring oncogenic properties to renal epithelial cells; ii) by resulting in production of a variety of chemokines and cytokines that support tumor progression and angiogenesis. We believe that our findings can significantly contribute to the development of novel therapeutic apporaches and in the advancement of management strategies in renal cell carcinoma and help reduce associated mortality and morbidity. Citation Format: Venkata S. Sabbisetti. KIM-1 is a novel therapeutic target in renal cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3529. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3529
Tumor Virus Induction and Host Cell Capacity Inactivation: Possible In Vitro Tests for Photosensitizing Chemicals

The responses of two in vitro mammalian virus-host cell systems to the photosensitizing chemicals proflavine sulfate and 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) in the presence of light are described. Infectious simian virus 40 (SV40) could be induced from SV40-transformed hamster cells by treatment with proflavine plus visible light or 8-MOP plus near UV radiation. The same photosensitizing treatments inactivated the capacity of monkey cells to support the growth of herpes simplex virus. SV40 induction and inactivation of host cell capacity for herpesvirus growth might be useful as screening systems for testing the photosensitizing potential of chemicals. Advantages and disadvantages associated with each system are discussed.
A rapid analytical method for monitoring the enantiomeric purity of chiral molecules synthesized in ionic liquid solvents.

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely used as reaction solvents in asymmetric synthesis due to their interesting physical and chemical properties. However, monitoring reactant-to-product conversion and the enantiopurity of formed stereoisomers often involves a tedious extraction step before chromatographic analysis. In this study, a rapid and sensitive sampling method using headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to chiral gas chromatography was developed for the “on-line” analysis of chiral molecules in the IL solvent. Three different SPME sorbent coatings, namely polydimethylsiloxane, polyacrylate, and a polymeric ionic liquid-based fiber, were examined in this study. The analytical performance of the developed method was evaluated in terms of reproducibility, slope of calibration curve, linear range, calibration linearity, and the determination of detection limits. The SPME method was successfully applied in the determination of enantiomeric excess from selected mixtures of chiral molecules. A preliminary study was performed using an “on-fiber” derivatization approach revealing that the stereoisomers extracted by the SPME fiber can be efficiently derivatized using a short “on-fiber” derivatization step. The developed SPME method eliminates the need of sequestering the reaction, separating the compounds of interest from the IL solvent, and the addition of a derivatizing reagent. Chirality, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Racial Myth and Family Tradition-Worship Among the Part-Hawaiians

integrated culture, and there is not space to treat the complications arising when society has reached a state of anomie. As the institutions of property in general disintegrate, sexual property follows suit. In extreme cases, apparently, ownership may disappear and be replaced entirely by sheer possession. Juxtaposition of contrary mores and rapid change have given our culture a certain amount of anomie, which is reflected in the emotions surrounding the distribution of sexual favor. None of our sexual institutions is sanctioned by all groups. Consequently, no matter how customary the sexual behavior, somebody can be found who is made jealous by it. For example, those who are not used to dancing and who disapprove of it are apt to grow extremely jealous if a wife or sweetheart indulges. This, coupled with other traits such as our individualism and romanticism, has tended, in the eyes of our intelligentsia, to give jealousy a negative value. Yet among the juries of the land the "unwritten law" is still a sanctioned reality.
O23.1 Sexual Risk Trajectories Among MSM in the United States: Implications For PrEP Delivery

Background CDC guidelines state that men who have sex with men (MSM) at ongoing high risk of HIV infection should be targeted for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Longitudinal data can inform the implementation of these guidelines. Methods HIV-seronegative MSM enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study at 4 U.S. sites completed ACASIs at semi-annual visits. Behaviors since the last visit from 10/1/2003–9/30/2011 were used to assign participants sexual risk behaviour (SRB) scores ranking their risk level at each visit: (0) no insertive and/or receptive anal intercourse (IAI/RAI), (1) no unprotected IAI and/or RAI (UIAI/URAI), (2) only UIAI, (3) URAI with 1 HIV-negative partner, (4) condom-seropositioning, (5) condom-serosorting, and (6) no seroadaptive behaviours. Group-based trajectory modelling was used to examine SRB scores ( Results The sample (N = 430) was 38.4% White, 42.3% Black, 14.9% Hispanic and had a median age of 39.1 years (IQR = 31.3–44.3). Three trajectory groups were identified: no risk (N = 286; 66.5%), low risk (N = 89; 20.7%), and high risk (N = 55; 12.8%). Compared to the no risk group, high risk group membership was negatively associated with older age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] for 5-year age difference = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.56–0.84) and positively associated with being White (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI: 0.97–4.62), earning an income ≥$20,000 (AOR = 4.96, 95% CI: 2.10–11.71), depression (CESD≥ 16) (AOR = 2.06, 95% CI: 0.98–4.31), and stimulant use (AOR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.18–4.78) at the index visit. Adjusted group membership probabilities for a 30 year-old, White male reporting an income ≥$20,000, depression, and stimulant use at the index visit were 0.15 (no risk), 0.39 (low risk), and 0.46 (high risk). Conclusion Findings suggest MSM following high risk trajectories could be identified by the socio-demographic and behavioural factors described above, thus enabling PrEP programmes to target those at ongoing high risk of HIV infection.
Formation Processes of Large Earthen Residential Mounds in La Mixtequilla, Veracruz, Mexico

Residential mounds are basic units of archaeological analysis, yet their formation rarely is considered systematically. Large earthen residential mounds, classified by Tourtellot (1983:43, 50) as “tells,” are characteristic of Veracruz and of many Preclassic sites. These low, broad mounds are larger than a house mound, commonly the size of a Maya plazuela group (Stark 1991a:45), and represent the remains of one or more structures. Data on the stratification and artifact characteristics of a Classic-period mound in La Mixtequilla, Veracruz, permit reconstruction of six major formation processes that contribute to the growth of earthern residential mounds. The formation processes of these "tells in miniature" and the relative quantity of fill vs. accretionary growth have important implications for the interpretation of household size, status, and other demographic and social variables.
Allergy immunotherapy in reducing healthcare cost.

Purpose of reviewTo evaluate the cost-effectiveness of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma. Individual studies and systematic reviews that included information on AIT economic outcomes as compared with symptomatic drug treatment (SDT) were evaluated.Recent f
Index System and Quantitative Analysis of Urban and Rural Integration in Hunan Province

In order to evaluate and analyze the process of urban and rural integration of Hunan Province,this article constructed an index system from urban-rural development,urban-rural balance,urban-rural coordination in the analytic hierarchy process(AHP),and calculated the urban-rural integration index from 2005 to 2009 in Hunan Province and the integration index of various cities of the Province in 2008.The results have shown that,in recent years,the development of urban-rural integration in Hunan Province is quick,and the progress in the coordination of urban-rural areas is significant.However,there has been no obvious improvement in urban-rural balance.At the same time,the development of urban and rural integration in various cities is imbalanced,with the differences mainly in urban-rural development and urban-rural coordination.
Heterogeneity in patient populations explains differences in in vitro fertilization programs.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Design Two different models for pregnancy rates in IVF-ET have been developed: a beta-geometric model and a split population model. Settings All IVF cycles were performed at the Yale University School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut. Patients, Participants All patients undergoing 1,257 IVF-ET cycles performed between the years 1983 through 1987. Interventions None. Main Outcome Measure The probability of achieving a viable pregnancy per cycle. Results Because both models provide excellent explanations for our data distribution, the decline in the conditional probability of achieving pregnancy after a given number of unsuccessful cycles may be inferred. Conclusions These findings question the justification of continuing IVF-ET treatment beyond some threshold number of cycles.
Effects of different types of quizzes on student effort investment behaviour and learning outcomes

We developed empirical models to test hypotheses that quizzes (announced or unannounced) can improve students' learning outcomes and enhance their investment in effort. The empirical analysis indicated support for the hypotheses. We further tested the hypothesis that these two different types of quizzes exert different influences on students' behaviour in effort investment and their learning outcomes. Consequently, evidence from an alternative demonstration indicated that these two types of quizzes could provide different impacts on students' effort investment and learning outcomes. Moreover, additional findings showed that quizzes not only provide a shorter-term learning goal - exam success - but also offer benefits for a longer-term learning goal - retaining information longer.
Growing concerns and controversies to Taiwan's National Health Insurance-what are the lessons from mainland China, South Korea and Singapore?

It has been over 20 years since Taiwan's implementation of its National Health Insurance (NHI) program. Under this program, the health insurance coverage rate has reached approximately 99% of the population. Despite guaranteeing the residents of Taiwan equal access regardless of socioeconomic status and background, critical problems and controversies persist, and they continue to challenge the NHI. We analyze the primary issues facing the NHI program with emphasis on financial and consumer behavioral aspects. Furthermore, we apply models from mainland China, South Korea and Singapore to discuss what Taiwan could learn from the systems employed by these countries to modify the NHI. Targeting the needs of the NHI, we have three policy recommendations: separating the NHI scheme into different target populations, strengthening the NHI referral system and regulating the access of overseas citizens to health services while in Taiwan. After two decades in existence, problems persist and there is a continuing need to improve Taiwan's NHI. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atrial Fibrillation and Pulmonary Venous Electrical Conduction Recovery After Full Surgical Resection and Anastomosis of the Pulmonary Veins: Insights From Follow-Up and Ablation Procedures in Lung Transplant Recipients

Abstract Objectives The authors report their experience with atrial fibrillation (AF) rates and ablation findings in lung transplant recipients. Background Pulmonary venous (PV) conduction recovery accounts for most failed atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation procedures. Lung transplantation involves full surgical resection and replacement of the recipient9s PVs with donor9s PVs, which may represent the ultimate PV ablation. Methods They followed 755 consecutive lung transplant recipients categorized based on transplant status (unilateral vs. bilateral) and pre-transplant AF. Results In patients without pre-transplant AF (n = 704), late AF (beyond 6 months after transplant) occurred in 2.5% and 3.3% of unilateral or bilateral lung transplants, respectively. In patients with pre-transplant AF (n = 51), AF recurred in 19.4% and 25.0% of bilateral and unilateral transplants, respectively. In a subset of patients who underwent left atrial ablations after transplant for recurrent refractory AF (n = 8), PV conduction recovery across the surgical anastomoses lines was observed in 22 of 26 previously disconnected PVs. Conduction recovery was observed in ≥1 vein in all but 1 patient. Re-isolation of the veins with additional substrate modification/flutter ablations successfully restored and maintained sinus rhythm in 7 of 8 patients. Conclusions In lung transplant recipients who undergo full surgical resection of the PVs, a prior history of AF was associated with late AF, regardless of whether patients underwent single or bilateral lung transplantation. PV conduction recovery still occurred and was observed in most patients who underwent left atrial ablation procedures for recurrent AF.
HCV Integrated Care: A Randomized Trial to Increase Treatment Initiation and SVR with Direct Acting Antivirals.

Background and Aims. Psychiatric or substance use disorders are barriers to successful HCV antiviral treatment. In a randomized, controlled trial (RCT), the effects of HCV Integrated Care (IC) for increasing treatment rates and sustained viral response (SVR) were studied with direct acting antivirals (DAA). Methods. In 2012-13, VA patients, whose screening was positive for depression, PTSD, or substance use (), were randomized to IC or Usual Care (UC). IC consisted of brief psychological interventions and case management. The primary endpoint was SVR among patients followed for an average of 16.6 months. Results. 42% of the study participants were previously homeless and 79% had HCV genotype 1. Twice as many IC participants (45%) initiated treatment compared with UC participants (23%) ( = 4.59, ). Among those treated, SVR rates did not significantly differ (IC: 12/18 = 67%; UC: 5/9 = 55%; ). Among all randomized participants, IC participants trended toward better SVR rates (30.0% versus 12.8% in UC; ). Conclusions. Although first-generation DAAs are no longer used, this smaller RCT helps confirm the results of a larger multisite RCT showing that Integrated Care results in higher treatment initiation and SVR rates among HCV-infected persons with comorbid psychological disorders. Integrated mental health services can facilitate treatment among the most challenging HCV patients, many of whom have not been successfully treated. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00722423.
Mitogens as Probes of Lymphocyte Heterogeneity in Anuran Amphibians

Based on functional and structural properties, lymphocytes from birds and mammals have been classified into thymus-derived T cell and bursa- or bone marrow-derived B cell populations. Indeed, we now recognize even further heterogeneity of each major population. For several years we have been interested in the phylogeny of such immuno-competent cells. Since ontogenetically all lymphocytes of the anuran amphibian are derived from a single organ source — the thymus (1) — we have focused our research efforts on determining whether comparable heterogeneity exists at this level of vertebrate evolution.
The Eating Quality of Meat: V—Sensory Evaluation of Meat

Sensory evaluation of meat provides methods for understanding human perceptions products. Across sensory methods, product, environment, and panelist control have to be developed and consistently applied for reliable, repeatable sensory data. The three basic sensory methods of discriminative, descriptive, and consumer sensory evaluation are discussed. Different tools available to meat scientists within each method are discussed, and a description of how to conduct each method is explained. Examples of lexicons, controls, panel training sessions, and ballots are provided to assist meat scientist in selection and conducting the appropriate tool for their sensory objectives.