cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antitumor actions of toremifene in the 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced rat mammary tumor model.

Abstract Toremifene ( 200 and 800 μg /day) or tamoxifen ( 200 μg ) were effective in preventing the development of 7,12 -dimethylbenzanthracene-induced rat mammary tumors when given p.o. from day 28 after carcinogen administration. This antitumor action was completely reversed if the toremifene or tamoxifen treatment was stopped or partially reversed by coadministration of progesterone ( 4 mg /day). Large doses of toremifene ( 4000 and 8000 μg /day) for 10 days produced very high circulating levels of both the parent compound ( 282 ± 49 and 1002 ± 224 ng/ml , respectively) and N -desmethyltoremifene ( 2631 ± 449 and 6999 ± 1308 ng/ml , respectively). However, even these very high levels did not reduce the number of animals ultimately developing tumors or the number of tumors each animal developed following cessation of toremifene administration. These findings indicate toremifene has a tumoristatic rather than tumoricidal action in this tumor model.
On the oscillation of the Brownian motion process

Paley, Wiener and Zygmund proved that, with probability 1, Brownian paths never satisfy a Lipschitz condition of order greater than 1/2. This result is improved by showing that they never satisfy even a Lipschitz condition of order 1/2 with a sufficiently small Lipschitz constant.
The immobility response in the forced swim test: paradoxical effect of imipramine

Abstract Rats immersed in a modified version of the forced swim test in which they are unable to touch the bottom of the cylinder with their feet while keeping their noses above water, initially paddle vigorously but eventually become relatively immobile. In the present study, we show that chronic treatment with imipramine and alprazolam increases rather than decreases the immobility response of rats in this test, whereas chronic treatment with propranolol is less effective. The results of this study indicate that the interpretation of the immobility response as ‘behavioral despair’, which is based on the response to the antidepressant drugs such as imipramine, needs to be reevaluated.
Influences of thermal spikes in ion beam mixing

Abstract Guided by the results of molecular dynamics simulations, we develop a thermal spike model for the relaxation of collision cascades in which the hot zone has mobile, reacting defects and cools by thermal diffusion. Marker atoms within such spikes are taken to migrate by radiation enhanced diffusion which is governed by the locally transient temperatures and defect concentrations. The atomic mixing associated with such motions is examined, on the basis of the model, for a variety of ion-target systems. The dependences of spike mixing on diffusion mechanism, irradiation ion and energy, and sample temperature are discussed.
The higher radix hypercube as an interconnection and virtual network

The HIGHER RADIX HYPERCUBE (HRH) is investigated in this paper as an interconnection network for multiprocessors as well as a virtual network. The HRH is based on a radix higher than two, the radix for the hypercube. We have compared several topological parameters' for the HRH with the hypercube. It can be seen that HRH provides smaller diameter for a small price. A mapping and a partitioning algorithms are proposed for mapping different topologies to the HRH. In our algorithm, we first map the problem topology to a virtual HRH, which is the most natural HRH for the problem. The virtual HRH is then transformed into the actual topology. This algorithm is applicable to HRH used either as an interconnection or a virtual network. The partitioning algorithm reduces a large application topology to the required size by the iterative reduction process. Three examples of mapping topologies onto the HRH are also presented.
A rotary tuner for UHF drift-tube linacs

A rotary tuner has been developed and tested in a 425-MHz ramped gradient drift-tube linac (DTL) and also in a 350-MHz DTL cold model tank. This type of tuner utilizes a rotary paddle to displace the magnetic field at the tank wall to vary the inductance and resonant frequency of the drift-tube linac. The tuning paddle effective area is about 7% of the cross-sectional area of the DTL tank and shifts the resonant frequency by about 350 kHz for 90 degrees of rotation. Advantages of the tuner include low friction for fast and accurate response, no RF seals, low wall currents at the shaft feedthrough, and minimal cutout volume at the tank wall. The small cutout volume is important in applications in which tank wall cooling is critical. A smaller helium-cooled version of this device is being developed for use in 850-MHz, cryogenically cooled drift-tube linacs. >
Note on the components of magnetic intensity at inverse points relative to a spherical boundary

Equations are derived which govern the relation between the values of a field component at points that are inverse relative to a spherical boundary carrying the distribution of sources. Inversions are made for surface and double layer distributions. The existence of simple relations of this character accompanies the existence of continuity of the component at the boundary.
Relationship self-efficacy protects against mental health problems among women in bidirectionally aggressive intimate relationships with men.

Research examining predictors or correlates of mental health problems among women who experience or use aggression in intimate relationships typically assesses factors that confer risk. Such research has primarily examined intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization or aggression frequency or severity as central risk factors for mental health problems. In the general population, one factor demonstrating a protective effect on mental health problems is self-efficacy. Research on self-efficacy among women who experience or use aggression in intimate relationships is nearly absent. The purpose of this study was to determine if self-efficacy specific to a woman’s ability to manage various relationship problems (i.e., relationship self-efficacy [RSE]) played a protective role against the severity of posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety symptoms among 354 community-residing women who were victimized and used aggression (bidirectional IPV). Regression analyses found that RSE uniquely predicted each mental health outcome above and beyond what was accounted for by the frequency of physical, sexual, and psychological victimization and aggression. Further, RSE fully mediated the relationships between psychological victimization and each mental health outcome. If replicated, and in circumstances where it is determined safe to do so, findings suggest RSE as a promising avenue for future research to improve the health and well-being of women in bidirectionally aggressive relationships.
A 9-bit 2.9 GHz direct digital synthesizer MMIC with direct digital frequency and phase modulations

This paper presents a low power, high speed SiGe DDS MMIC with 9-bit phase and 7-bit amplitude resolutions. This DDS MMIC is the first reported GHz range output DDS with direct digital frequency and phase modulation capabilities. Using more than eight thousand transistors, the DDS MMIC includes a 9-bit CLA accumulator for phase accumulation, a 9-bit CLA adder for phase modulation and a 7-bit sine-weighted DAC. The core area of the DDS occupies 1.7×2.0 mm2. The DDS consumes low power of 2.0 W under a 3.3 V single power supply even with the added modulation blocks. The narrow band spurious-free-dynamic range (SFDR) is measured as 35dBc with the maximum update frequency of 2.9 GHz. The DDS MMIC is packaged and tested in an LCC-44 cavity.
Sphingolipid Degradation by Leishmania major Is Required for Its Resistance to Acidic pH in the Mammalian Host

Leishmania parasites alternate between flagellated promastigotes in sandflies and non-flagellated amastigotes in mammals, causing a spectrum of serious diseases. To survive, they must resist the harsh conditions in phagocytes (including acidic pH, elevated temperature, and increased oxidative/nitrosative stress) and evade the immune response. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of sphingolipid (SL) metabolism in Leishmania virulence. In particular, we have generated a L. major mutant iscl − which is deficient in SL degradation but grows normally as promastigotes in culture. Importantly, iscl − mutants cannot induce pathology in either immunocompetent or immunodeficient mice, yet are able to persist at low levels. In this study, we investigated how the degradation of SLs might contribute to Leishmania infection. First, unlike wild type (WT) L. major , iscl − mutants do not trigger polarized T cell responses in mice. Second, similar to WT parasites, iscl − mutants possess the ability to downregulate macrophage activation by suppressing the production of IL-12 and nitric oxide. Third, during the stationary phase, iscl − promastigotes were extremely vulnerable to acidic pH, but not to other adverse conditions such as elevated temperature and oxidative/nitrosative stress. In addition, inhibition of phagosomal acidification significantly improved iscl − survival in murine macrophages. Together, these findings indicate that SL degradation by Leishmania is essential for its adaption to the acidic environment in phagolysosomes but is not required for the suppression of host cell activation. Finally, our studies with iscl − -infected mice suggest that having viable, persistent parasites is not sufficient to provide immunity against virulent Leishmania challenge.
The System Design, Engineering Architecture, and Preliminary Results of a Lower-Cost High-Sensitivity High-Resolution Positron Emission Mammography Camera

A lower-cost high-sensitivity high-resolution positron emission mammography (PEM) camera is developed. It consists of two detector modules with the planar detector bank of 20 × 12 cm2. Each bank has 60 low-cost PMT-Quadrant-Sharing (PQS) LYSO blocks arranged in a 10 × 6 array with two types of geometries. One is the symmetric 19.36 × 19.36 mm2 block made of 1.5 × 1.5 × 10 mm3 crystals in a 12 × 12 array. The other is the 19.36 × 26.05 mm2 asymmetric block made of 1.5 × 1.9 × 10 mm3 crystals in 12 × 13 array. One row (10) of the elongated blocks are used along one side of the bank to reclaim the half empty PMT photocathode in the regular PQS design to reduce the dead area at the edge of the module. The bank has a high overall crystal packing fraction of 88%, which results in a very high sensitivity. Mechanical design and electronics have been developed for low-cost, compactness, and stability purposes. Each module has four Anger-HYPER decoding electronics that can handle a count-rate of 3 Mcps for single events. A simple two-module coincidence board with a hardware delay window for random coincidences has been developed with an adjustable window of 6 to 15 ns. Some of the performance parameters have been studied by preliminary tests and Monte Carlo simulations, including the crystal decoding map and the 17% energy resolution of the detectors, the point source sensitivity of 11.5% with 50 mm bank-to-bank distance, the 1.2 mm-spatial resolutions, 42 kcps peak Noise Equivalent Count Rate at 7.0-mCi total activity in human body, and the resolution phantom images. Those results show that the design goal of building a lower-cost, high-sensitivity, high-resolution PEM detector is achieved.
Sex Ed… and the Reds? Reconsidering the Anaheim Battle over Sex Education, 1962–1969

Two weeks before the Anaheim Union High School District (AUHSD) broke for Christmas vacation in 1968, district secretary Alice Lupiano typed a phone memo for Superintendent Paul Cook: “Abusive telephone call at 1:00 p.m., 12/9/1968.” She matter-of-factly described the caller's death threats and allegations of her own promiscuity, and, before pulling the sheet from the roller, added a final line: “I didn't lose my cool.”
PS3-11: Beyond General Equivalency Mappings (GEMs): Understanding the Implications of ICD 10 in Research

Background/Aims With the implementation of ICD 10 CM and ICD 10 PCS less than two years away, there are still unanswered questions as to how research teams will effectively translate or use ICD 10 codes in research. Approximately 84% of the ICD 10 codes have only approximate matches with 10% having multiple matches and only 5% have exact one-to-one matches between ICD 9 and ICD 10. With the number of codes increasing five-fold, this offers additional opportunities and risks when pulling data.
Ibuprofen provides similar pain relief but reduces adverse effects and improves function compared with acetaminophen plus codeine in children with uncomplicated fractures.

Commentary on: AL Drendel, MH Gorelick, SJ Weisman, et al.. A randomized clinical trial of ibuprofen versus acetaminophen with codeine for acute pediatric arm fracture pain. Ann Emerg Med2009;54:553–60.
Causes of clinic drop-out among Iranian pill users.

3 strategically located MCH/FP clinics in Iran were selected to investigate the causes of dropouts among pill users and variations between clinics. Clinic dropout is of interest because it may be attributed to poor advertising for the clinic program or interruption of contraceptive practice and other health cares (Keller 1971). Clinic dropouts and continuers were categorized according to the regularity or frequency of clinic visits. A separate category "lost in observation" was treated as continuers (Potter 1969 as applied to IUD acceptors). Reasons for discontinuation were classified according to 3 categories: accidental pregnancy medical side effects and unknown reasons. Results reflected the relatively high cumulative continuation rate of over 50% up to 1 year. 20 dropouts/1000 acceptors were attributed to accidental pregnancy (it was twice as high among the rural dropouts). Dropouts for unknown reasons revealed a contrast between pill users and city users: the rural user had regular follow-ups in the short run; the city user dropped out mostly in the first few months (follow-up study should be done to ascertain extent of city pill users method continuation after clinic initiation). The better educated and more experienced city pill users had a higher dropout rate because of medical side effects than their rural sisters. It is expected however that rumors of side effects will eventually increase the number of dropouts among the rural users. Currently a declining trend among pill users is being observed. Future family planning services should provide contraceptive options other than the pill.
Extreme Hypernatremia with Markedly Increased Anion Gap

During a routine visit for nail care and diabetic neuropathy evaluation, laboratory tests were ordered for a 64-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. At the time, he had no symptoms of any acute problem. A serum separator tube was received and revealed sodium 162 mmol/L, potassium 3.8 mmol/L, chloride 88 mmol/L, …
Imparting Global Software Development Experience via an IT Project Management Course: Critical Success Factors

The rapid trend towards global sourcing of software development has put increased pressure upon U.S. educational institutions in order to provide such experience and relevant skill sets to their students. This presentation describes one such initiative between a Marquette University and Management Development Institute aimed at providing experience in global software development to their students. For others interested in undertaking such initiatives, this paper discusses some dos and don?ts.
Sliding heavy stones to the Forbidden City on ice

How the Chinese transported heavy stones from a quarry west of Beijing to the site of the Forbidden City in the 15th to 16th century is a question often pondered. In PNAS, Li et al. (1) present an engineering analysis and offer an answer: sledging across wet ice.
Psychological biases and their impact on operating room efficiency.

To the Editor, Arakelian et al . [1] studied qualitatively surgical teams’ perceptions of operating room (OR) efficiency. Although they state that ‘the lack of studies of this kind rendered it difficult to compare the results with those of others’, psychological studies complement the authors’ organizational (sociological) investigations [1, 2]. OR efficiency is influenced by team members’ biases …
Occupational therapy service: individual and collective understandings of the founders, Part 2

This inquiry continues to explore the understandings of patient, therapist, and occupation held by the founders of the National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy. The first part of this search, published in the April 1991 issue of AJOT, discussed personal narratives and anecdotes about George Edward Barton, Susan Elizabeth Tracy, and William Rush Dunton, Jr. This second part extends that discussion through an examination of the shaping influence of World War I on Dunton's beliefs and through consideration of the views held by Eleanor Clarke Slagle, Herbert J. Hall, Susan Cox Johnson, and Thomas Bessell Kidner. Influenced by contemporary historical forces as well as their personal experiences, the founders shared a common understanding that the right occupation could help persons in need. Personal narratives found within the early occupational therapy literature illustrate each founder's unique understanding of the manner in which occupation might address contemporary problems. Each view contributed to the development of a multifaceted therapy. Exploration of the multiple interpretations that shaped a common idea may help current therapists to better understand their heritage of caring and to compare it with current practices.
National Security Review of Renewable Energy and CleanTech Transactions

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 ("Recovery Act") included a number of provisions to spur investment in the renewable energy and cleantech sectors. The Obama administration considers those sectors key to enhancing the nation's energy independence while preserving its competitiveness in the global economy. Massive investments are needed in renewables and cleantech to make a significant dent in the U.S. energy generation mix, update the electricity grid, and bring wind and solar energy closer to grid parity. In the current economic climate, domestic financial resources will not suffice to reach these goals. Foreign investments in the form of joint ventures, mergers, acquisitions, and takeovers ("Foreign Acquisition Transactions") of U.S. renewable energy and cleantech businesses could provide much desired capital. However, structuring such transactions only begins after a favorable economic viability assessment. Among the myriad regulatory considerations involved in structuring of Foreign Acquisition Transactions, national security has increased in significance in recent years and now requires thorough analysis in any deal involving foreign investment. Indeed, since the passage of the Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007 ("FINSA"), the investment community has experienced heightened national security scrutiny by the interagency Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States ("CFIUS"). Moreover, as further explained below, CFIUS reviews transactions on a case-by-case basis. Outcomes of its fact-specific analysis have defied expectations of the transacting parties. Furthermore, the very essence of "national security" has evolved along the years, shifting with it the focus of CFIUS' analysis. To assist parties to renewable energy and cleantech Foreign Acquisition Transactions navigate the rapidly evolving CFIUS review process, this article discusses recent developments in this area while analyzing their applicability to future transactions.
Laboratory Bench to Test ZEBRA Battery Plus Super-Capacitor Based Propulsion Systems for Urban Electric Transportation

Abstract In this paper a laboratory 1:1 scale test bench to perform experimental analysis on a Zebra battery plus super-capacitor based propulsion systems for electric urban transportation means is presented. The analyzed case study is focused on a 70 kW electric drive, specifically manufactured for electric urban road applications, supplied by a parallel of two 550 V - 38 Ah Zebra batteries and a 63 F super-capacitors bank. The electric power train is connected, through a fixed ratio gear box, to a 100 kW regenerative electric brake provided with speed and torque controls, in order to evaluate the propulsion system performance in steady state and dynamic operative conditions. The two different storage systems can be tested when working together and providing the required power to the electric drive, with different contributions by each storage device in terms of electric energy and power. In addition, different control strategies can be experimentally evaluated, depending on the tested driving cycle and with reference to a specific vehicle under study. For the above configuration, an evaluation of the real vehicle performance, in various operative road conditions, can find a validation through this laboratory dynamic test bench. Finally, this experimental procedure to characterize and study electric power trains supplied by different kinds of storage systems highlights the real potentialities for manufacturers of electric vehicle in taking advantage of laboratory experimentations on the electric power-train, in order to support their design processes. The content of this paper represents a knowledge base to carry out experimental results, which are object of following studies.
Biological Control of the American Cockroach (Orthoptera: Blattidae) with Inundative Releases of Tetrastichus hagenowii (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Tetrastichus hagenowii (Ratzeburg), an othecal parasitoid of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.), was released in experimental chambers to determine its potential as a biological control agent. Approximately 600 parasitoids were released each week for 7 wk. Percentage of parasitism of viable othecae averaged 95.57% after the 7 wk of release. At weeks 8-11 when the parasitoid F1 generation was emerging, the percentage of parasitism averaged 98.39%, and at weeks 12-17, parasitism was 95.4%. A hydramethylnon toxic bait applied during weeks 12-17 did not adversely affect the percentage of parasitism, but it did significantly reduce cockroach populations by 83%. The percentage of parasitism was significantly lower for othecae collected on the ceiling than at the other four locations in the chambers. The sex ratio of parasitoids was 1:0.71 (male/female), indicating super-parasitism.
High Performance Concrete and Drilled Shaft Construction

Drilled shaft foundations on major bridge projects often require the use of underwater placement of large volumes of concrete through densely placed rebar, with the cage often made even more congested with the placement of additional tubes for postconstruction integrity testing. Such conditions represent the most difficult circumstances for constructors in terms of concrete placement to achieve a shaft which is free of defects or anomalies in the integrity testing. The concept of “high performance” for drilled shaft concrete is that the mixture should address the most critical performance requirements related to workability. This paper describes the important considerations in concrete mixture design for drilled shaft construction including the use of admixtures and mixture components associated with self-consolidating concrete (SCC). Some case histories of difficulties associated with concrete are also described.
Aircraft Propeller Hub Repair

The team performed a literature review, conducted residual stress measurements, performed failure analysis, and demonstrated a solid state additive manufacturing repair technique on samples removed from a scrapped propeller hub. The team evaluated multiple options for hub repair that included existing metal buildup technologies that the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has already embraced, such as cold spray, high velocity oxy-fuel deposition (HVOF), and plasma spray. In addition the team helped Piedmont Propulsion Systems, LLC (PPS) evaluate three potential solutions that could be deployed at different stages in the life cycle of aluminum alloy hubs, in addition to the conventional spray coating method for repair. For new hubs, a machining practice to prevent fretting with the steel drive shaft was recommended. For hubs that were refurbished with some material remaining above the minimal material condition (MMC), a silver interface applied by an electromagnetic pulse additive manufacturing method was recommended. For hubs that were at or below the MMC, a solid state additive manufacturing technique using ultrasonic welding (UW) of thin layers of 7075 aluminum to the hub interface was recommended. A cladding demonstration using the UW technique achieved mechanical bonding of the layers showing promise as a viable repair method.
Kidney Transplant Outcomes in the Super Obese: A National Study From the UNOS Dataset

We evaluated outcomes of super-obese patients (BMI > 50) undergoing kidney transplantation in the US. We performed a review of 190 super-obese patients undergoing kidney transplantation from 1988 through 2013 using the UNOS dataset. Super-obese patients had a mean age of 45.7 years (21–75 years) and 111 (58.4 %) were female. The mean BMI of the super-obese group was 56 (range 50.0–74.2). A subgroup analysis demonstrated that patients with BMI > 50 had worse survival compared to any other BMI class. The 30-day perioperative mortality and length of stay was 3.7 % and 10.09 days compared to 0.8 % and 7.34 days in nonsuper-obese group. On multivariable analysis, BMI > 50 was an independent predictor of 30-day mortality, with a 4.6-fold increased risk of perioperative death. BMI > 50 increased the risk of delayed graft function and the length of stay by twofold. The multivariable analysis of survival showed a 78 % increased risk of death in this group. Overall patient survival for super-obese transplant recipients at 1, 3, and 5 years was 88, 82, and 76 %, compared to 96, 91, 86 % on patients transplanted with BMI < 50. A propensity score adjusted analysis further demonstrates significant worse survival rates in super-obese patients undergoing kidney transplantation. Super-obese patients had prolonged LOS and worse DGF rates. Perioperative mortality was increased 4.6-fold compared to patients with BMI < 50. In a subgroup analysis, super-obese patients who underwent kidney transplantation had significantly worse graft and patient survival compared to underweight, normal weight, and obesity class I, II, and III (BMI 40–50) patients.
The more, the messier: ORS-3 lessons for multi-payload mission deployments

STP participated in the ORS-3 rideshare mission, which launched the STPSat-3 small satellite and 28 CubeSats on 19 November 2013. STP was responsible for analyzing the complex deployment sequence and coordinating the post-launch identification and orbit determination of 29 satellites and one rocket body. This paper will discuss the many lessons learned in this process. In particular, the paper will review compliance analysis and coordination activities leading up to the 2013 launch, and discuss the post-launch efforts to locate, identify, and contact the 29 satellites deployed by ORS-3. The paper will describe how STP used various tools, including orbit visualization, inter-project communication, and the properties of the two-line element sets themselves to help each CubeSat team pick its own satellite out from the crowd.
Assessment of the Stability of Country-of-Origin Effects Over Time: Preliminary Results

The nature of Country of Origin (CO) and its impact on product preferences and purchase intentions remain unclear in spite of much research effort in international marketing. A CO scale is subjected to confirmatory factor analysis and the impact of CO on purchase intentions is analyzed through incremental fit analysis. The temporal stability of the findings is studied using data collected at different points in time. The preliminary results of the study indicate that the dimensionality of CO as well the structural relationships linking the dimensions and connecting them with purchase intentions remain fairly stable over time.
Magnetotunneling Effects in Semiconductors

The subject of this chapter is the interband (Zener) tunneling and the photon-assisted tunneling (Franz-Keldysh effect) in semiconductors in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. First, electrons in uniform, constant, crossed fields are treated using the one-band effective-mass approximation (EMA). It is shown that in this approximation, which is applicable to the case of low electric fields, there are no tunneling effects. The limitation of this approach is discussed. It is then shown that for high electric fields a model of two interacting energy bands has to be applied. This model is used to calculate the tunneling and photon-assisted tunneling in crossed fields. Finally, the experimental results on the Franz-Keldysh effect in crossed fields are presented and compared with the theory.
Pharmacological management of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease in neonates

Both acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are seen more frequently in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) as advances in supportive care improve the survival of critically ill infants as well as those with severe, congenital kidney and urinary tract anomalies. Many aspects of the infant's care, including fluid balance, electrolyte and mineral homeostasis, acid-base balance, and growth and nutrition require close monitoring by and collaboration among neonatologists, nephrologists, dieticians, and pharmacologists. This educational review summarizes the therapies widely used for neonates with AKI and CKD. Use of these therapies is extrapolated from data in older children and adults or based on clinical experience and case series. There is a critical need for more research on the use of therapies in infants with kidney disease as well as for the development of drug delivery systems and preparations scaled more appropriately for these small patients.
Defective delivery of iron to the developing red cell of the Belgrade laboratory rat

Erythroid cell iron and transferrin uptake and release was studied in the anemia of the Belgrade laboratory rat (gene symbol, b), an autosomal recessive trait characterized by hypochromia and hyperferrinemia. When reticulocyte-rich red cells were incubated in vitro with doubly (59Fe, 125I) labeled transferrin, b/b cells demonstrated a significantly higher uptake of transferrin (164% of control at 60 min), and a significantly lower uptake of iron (21% of control at 60 min) than control cells. These findings with b/b cells were simulated by sodium-fluoride-treated control cells, but not by trypsin-treated control cells. When reticulocytes exposed to doubly labeled transferrin were incubated in normal rat plasma, there was a substantial loss of 125I from both the b/b cells (mean 71%) and control cells (mean 49%), but only a loss of 59Fe from the b/b cells (mean 21%). These findings suggest a defect in the delivery of iron to the b/b reticulocyte, which is distal to the binding of transferrin to its cell surface receptor.
Superoxide-responsive gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana and Zea mays

Superoxide (O2-) and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in response to numerous biotic and abiotic stresses. Different ROS have been reported to elicit different transcriptional responses in plants, and so ROS-responsive marker genes and promoter::reporter gene fusions have been proposed as indirect means of detecting ROS and discriminating among different species. However, further information about the specificity of transcriptional responses to O2- is needed in order to assess potential markers for this critical stress-responsive signaling molecule. Using qRT-PCR, the expression of 12 genes previously reported to be upregulated by O2- was measured in Arabidopsis thaliana plants exposed to elicitors of common stress-responsive ROS: methyl viologen (an inducer of O2-), rose bengal (an inducer of singlet oxygen, 1ΔO2), and exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Surprisingly, Zinc-Finger Protein 12 (AtZAT12), which had previously been used as a reporter for H2O2, responded more strongly to O2- than to H2O2; moreover, the expression of an AtZAT12 promoter-reporter fusion (AtZAT12::Luc) was enhanced by diethyldithiocarbamate, which inhibits dismutation of O2- to H2O2. These results suggest that AtZAT12 is transcriptionally upregulated in response to O2-, and that AtZAT12::Luc may be a useful biosensor for detecting O2- generation in vivo. In addition, transcripts encoding uncoupling proteins (AtUCPs) showed selectivity for O2- in Arabidopsis, and an AtUCP homolog upregulated by methyl viologen was also identified in maize (Zea mays L.), indicating that there are O2--responsive members of this family in monocots. These results expand our limited knowledge of ROS-responsive gene expression in monocots, as well as O2--selective responses in dicots.
Vocal function exercises for normal voice: With and without semi-occlusion.

Purpose: This study examined the effect of varying degrees of vocal tract (VT) occlusion used during Vocal Function Exercises (VFEs) on attainment of maximum phonation time (MPT) goals in normal vo...
Effects of nitrogenous substituent groups on the benzene dication

ABSTRACTThe benzene dication possesses a pentagonal-pyramidal structure with a hexacoordinated carbon. In contrast, halogenated benzene dications retain a similar structure to their parent molecules. In this work, we report on theoretical studies of the structures of the dications of benzene with nitrogenous substituents. We find that the nitrobenzene dication favours a near ideal pentagonal-pyramidal structure, while the aniline dication favours a flat, hexagonal structure. Reduced-density-matrices methods give predictions in agreement with available ab initio calculations and experiment. These results are also compared with those from the Hartree–Fock method and density functional theory.
Employment, unemployment, occupation, and smoking.

This study analyzes the relationships of cigarette smoking and smoking histories to employment status and occupation. Data from a large, representative sample of U.S. adults in 1985 were analyzed separately for white men, white women, black men, and black women, with controls for age, education, and marital status included in all analyses. It has been hypothesized that women who adopt traditional male roles are more likely to become smokers. However, our data indicate that participation of women in the labor force or employment of women in male-dominated occupations have had little or no effect on women’s smoking adoption or cessation. Unemployed men and women (those who were not employed but were seeking work) were substantially more likely than employed men and women to be smokers. Among employed whites, the percentage of smokers was high for industrial manual workers and service workers and low for professionals and farmers. Similar differences were observed in the proportion who had ever adopted smoking. These differences in smoking adoption had begun at young ages, before most people have adopted adult roles, which suggests that the differences in smoking adoption were not caused by unemployment or occupation. Rather, it appears that certain personal characteristics or early experiences influenced both smoking adoption and adult unemployment or occupation. In addition, unemployment may decrease smoking cessation, and employment in professional occupations may increase smoking cessation.
Analytical Prediction of the Pull-Out Behavior of Steel Fibers in Cement1tious Matrices

While typical pull-out tests have been, and still are carried out extensively in materials and structural research, the results of such tests are often incapacitated by a lack of understanding of the pull-out behavior. This shortcoming is the source of numerous basic mistakes in the interpretation of pull-out curves.
Can't Dance

Porter walked down Darlinghurst, looking at the cars, jostled by the crowd. He was drunk. The wind whipped low from the roofs, bringing the smell of salt and the more familiar shock of rain. Porter stared into the black sky. Beneath the eaves pigeons roosted. They stuck their beaks into their wings and purred. The wind pushed him beneath an awning, and then inside to a long, inadequately-lit lobby. The carpeting was red, white and blue. "Are you a member, sir?" "I'm an American." Porter signed a register and walked through the lobby. A band played Dixie land, "Mississippi Mud." The band was loud and the room full of people. Some tried to dance to the music, but the room was too crowded, too hot. A waitress in blue slacks, a red and white, candy-striped blouse, smiled at Porter. "There aren't any tables, sir. You can sit at the bar." "I'm just looking." "Perhaps you'd care to go up a landing." "What they got up there?" "Games." "No."
OPTICAL STUDIES ON THE HIGH PRESSURE PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS IN SILVER IODIDE SINGLE CRYSTALS

ABSTRACT The pressure dependence of the optical absorption of silver iodide has been determined to 7 kbars at room temperature using single crystals of β-AgI grown by the gel technique. The intermediate phase stable between 1.14 and 3.4 kbars appears to be of hexagonal symmetry and it is believed that at 1.14 kbars β-AgI transforms from one polytype to another polytype.
Pyrimidine nucleotidase deficiency with active dephosphorylation of dTMP: evidence for existence of thymidine nucleotidase in human erythrocytes

Erythrocytes from a patient with classical pyrimidine nucleotidase (PyN) deficiency had less than 10% residual PyN activity with uridine 5′-monophosphate (UMP) or cytidine 5′-monophosphate (CMP) as substrate, but exhibited brisk nucleotidase activity with thymidine 5′- monophosphate (dTMP). This strongly suggests the existence of separate enzymes or isozymes of PyN in normal human erythrocytes--an hypothesis that should be tested by similar studies in other cases of severe PyN deficiency, whether induced by genetic defects or lead toxicity.
The Shikimate Pathway — An Overview

It has been eight years since the Phytochemical Society last held a symposium centered on the theme of Biosynthesis of Aromatic Compounds at its joint meeting with the European Phytochemical Society in Ghent.1 The intervening years have seen a tremendous revival of interest in the shikimate pathway. This renewed focus was stimulated by the discovery in Amrhein’s group that the herbicide glyphosate (Fig. 1) acts by inhibiting the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase. Glyphosate is a very successful commercial product for which estimated sales of about $480 million in 1984 have been reported. The discovery of its mode of action has spurred intense efforts in many laboratories to design new or improved compounds of this type.
Binary Composite-hypothesis Testing

The communication detection systems discussed thus far have been describable in terms of deciding between a simple hypothesis and a simple alternative. In this section we shall consider binary decision rules which are describable in terms of a composite hypothesis versus a composite alternative. More precisely, by simple hypothesis is meant that under the assumed hypothesis the probability distribution of the test data is completely specified. When the assumed hypothesis does not specify completely the probability distribution of the obtained data, the hypothesis is called composite. Composite-hypothesis testing for binary systems results in a generality in that the signal space is partitioned into two disjoint subsets Ω 0 and Ω 1, each of which may contain an arbitrarily large number of signals. For examples, Ω 0 may consist of a class of time waveforms characterized by an unknown parameter, say s 0(t;m, where m is an unknown random variable or vector; the same is true for Ω 1.
MRI assessment of aortic flow in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension in response to exercise

While primarily a right heart disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) can impact left heart function and aortic flow through a shifted interventricular septum from right ventricular pressure overload and reduced left ventricular preload, among other mechanisms. In this study, we used phase contrast (PC) MRI and a modest exercise challenge to examine the effects of PAH on systemic circulation. While exercise challenges are typically performed with ultrasound in the clinic, MRI exercise studies allow for more reproducible image alignment, more accurate flow quantification, and improved tissue contrast. Six PAH patients and fifteen healthy controls (8 older age-matched, 7 younger) exercised in the magnet bore with an MRI-compatible exercise device that allowed for scanning immediately following cessation of exercise. PC scans were performed in the ascending aorta during a breath hold immediately after modest exercise to non-invasively measure stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), aortic peak systolic flow (PSF), and aortic wall stiffness via relative area change (RAC). Images following exercise showed mild blurring, but were high enough quality to allow for segmentation of the aorta. While SV was approximately 30% lower in PAH patients (SVPAH,rest = 67 ± 16 mL; SVPAH,stress = 90 ± 42 mL) than age-matched controls (SV,older,rest = 93 ± 16 mL; SVolder,stress = 133 ± 40 mL) at both rest and following exercise, CO was similar for both groups following exercise (COPAH,stress = 10.8 ± 5.7 L/min; COolder,stress = 11.8 ± 5.0 L/min). This was achieved through a compensatory increase in heart rate in the PAH subjects (74% increase as compared to 29% in age-matched controls). The PAH subjects also demonstrated reduced aortic peak systolic flow relative to the healthy controls (PSFPAH,rest = 309 ± 52 mL/s; PSFolder,rest = 416 ± 114 mL/s; PSFPAH,stress = 388 ± 113 mL/s; PSFolder,stress = 462 ± 176 mL/s). PAH patients and older controls demonstrated stiffer aortic walls when compared to younger controls (RACPAH,rest = 0.15 ± 0.05; RAColder,rest = 0.17 ± 0.05; RACyoung,rest = 0.28 ± 0.08). PC MRI following a modest exercise challenge was capable of detecting differences in left heart dynamics likely induced from PAH. These results demonstrated that PAH can have a significant influence on systemic flow, even when the patient has no prior left heart disease. Image quantification following exercise could likely be improved in future studies through the implementation of free-breathing or real-time MRI acquisitions. Retrospectively registered on 02/26/2018 (TRN: NCT03523910 ).
The Volume-Price Relationship at the High-Frequency Scale: Evidence From DCC-GARCH

This article investigates the time-varying high-frequency price-volume relationship from two perspectives. At the high-frequency time scale, we show that the time varying conditional correlation between price and volume changes exhibits distinct excitational spike regimes that provide a rich set of patterns unexplored before. Impulse response analysis based on a high-frequency Vector-autoregressive specification show that volume has greater impact on price than vice versa. Our results therefore suggests that volume can be seen as a proxy for information flows. Due to market micro-structure contamination, we show that smoothing and pre-averaging is necessary to uncover the high-frequency relationship between price and volume.
Thermomechanical characterization of Nano-Fe3O4 reinforced thermoplastic adhesives and single lap-joints

Abstract In this work, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) was selected as the thermoplastic adhesive and reinforced with varying concentration of ferromagnetic nanoparticles (FMNP) through melt processing. The effect of FMNP content on thermo-mechanical properties was experimentally characterized. Also, lap-joints using glass-fiber substrates were bonded using ABS/FMNP films through conventional oven-bonding and induction-bonding techniques, and their effect on resulting joint behavior was studied. Further, effects of adhesive melt-processing mix-times and O2-plasma surface treatment on resulting joints were also studied. Results indicate that the percolation limit of FMNP to ensure melting and flow during induction bonding was 8 wt%, and the flow time decreased with increase in FMNP content. ABS adhesive with 16 wt % FMNP showed good balance of stiffness and strength relative to other concentrations. Both oven and induction bonded joints that were O2 - plasma treated had higher ductility relative to untreated joints. Further, induction bonded joints with both O2 -plasma and substrate preheating had 15% higher peak loads relative to oven-bonded joints. Optimization of the induction heating process parameters along with surface functionalization of particles and substrates is essential to fully exploit the benefits offered by these novel thermoplastic adhesives.
End-Triassic Extinctions

Abstract Although the end-Triassic extinction has long been identified as one of the “big five” extinctions of the Phanerozoic, there is no single mass extinction of a significant component of the global biota at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary. The most substantial and sudden extinction is the end-Triassic turnover of radiolarians. Marine bivalve and ammonoid extinctions were stepwise during the Late Triassic, with the most severe extinctions at or before the Norian-Rhaetian boundary. The Late Triassic collapse of the reef community is not a demonstrably global event, but more likely a Tethyan event driven by changes in regional bathymetry. There is no evidence of a global mass extinction of land plants across the TJB, and most of the tetrapod taxa envisioned as part of a mass extinction at the TJB were gone at or before the Norian-Rhaetian boundary. The fossil record of Late Triassic extinctions documents a protracted interval (at least 20 million years) of decreased origination rates, punctuated by several brief, but more intense intervals of elevated extinction, the last and largest of these at the end of the Norian. Biotic turnover at the end of the Triassic was likely the consequence of environmental perturbations (cooling, warming, and/or acidification) driven by outgassing of the Circum-Atlantic Magmatic Province. The effects of this outgassing on the marine biota appear to have been global, although with varying severity at different levels within the trophic system, while effects on the nonmarine biota appear to have been more localized, and more transient.
Predictors of Outcomes in Endoscopies for Foreign Body Ingestion: A Cross-Sectional Study

As foreign body ingestion/food impaction is one of the less common indications for upper endoscopy in adults, few studies have investigated outcomes. We aimed to determine the distribution of ingested items warranting endoscopy and to identify factors associated with successful endoscopic retrieval. We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study, identifying all endoscopies performed between June 2006 and June 2018 for foreign body ingestion or food impaction. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses to identify variables associated with endoscopic foreign body visualization and successful removal from the mouth. Of the 168 endoscopies identified, the ingested item was visualized in 131 (78%) and was removed from the mouth in 88 (52.4%). 6.5% of cases required surgery and 2.4% of cases had a perforation noted. The two most common foreign bodies were food boluses (51.2%) and bones (28.6%). Older patients were more likely to have their ingested foreign body visualized during endoscopy (age ≥ 70 compared to 18–29 adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 8.78; 95% CI 1.62–47.70) and more likely to have it removed from the mouth (aOR 5.57; 95% CI 1.34–22.85). Bones were less likely to be visualized on endoscopy (aOR 0.16; 95% CI 0.04–0.57) but not less likely to be removed successfully (aOR 0.85; 95% CI 0.42–1.72). Foreign bodies visible on radiography were more likely to be identified on endoscopy (aOR 9.07; 95% CI 2.71–30.37) and more likely to be successfully removed (aOR 2.82; 95% CI 1.26–6.32). Factors such as age, radiographic visibility, and the suspected foreign body may affect the likelihood that it can be visualized and removed. Future studies should focus on further characterizing complications of foreign body ingestions and the types of patients and objects most at risk.