cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introducing a Vital New Member to the Critical Care Team: Our Physical Therapy Assistant

“In Our Unit” highlights unique practices, innovations, research, or resourceful solutions to commonly encountered problems in critical care areas and settings where critically ill patients are cared for. If you have an idea for an upcoming “In Our Unit,” send it to CRITICAL CARE NURSE, 101 Columbia, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656; fax, (949) 362-2049; e-mail, ccn@aacn.org. With our physical therapy assistant, we have achieved a complete continuity of therapy in our unit. At Kenmore Mercy Hospital, we actively seek opportunities for improvement. Monthly critical care focus meetings are held to discuss all pertinent patient care issues affecting our 10-bed medical/surgical intensive care unit (ICU). During this meeting, staff members from many disciplines discuss our successes and plan ways to improve our care. The critical care team includes a diverse group of highly trained professionals who work toward the best outcome possible for seriously ill patients. All members of the team may be asked to teach patients and their families various strategies to improve health, healing, coping, and well-being specific to their area of expertise. Team members include the critical care intensivist, house physician, nursing manager, CCRN members, nursing educator, clinical pharmacist, nutritionist, case manager, registered respiratory therapist, chaplain, and physical therapist. One area that needed improvement was physical therapy offered to our critical care patients. Typically, physical therapy was limited to range of motion for only select patients and often on a limited basis because of availability of a therapist, but we felt there are a multitude of benefits from early initiation and ongoing physical therapy in patients, especially during intensive care stays. Physical therapists that practice in critical care settings face complex challenges. Critically ill multisystem failure patients are surviving in greater numbers, contributing to the severity of patients being treated and duration of critical care stay. These patients have limited mobility due to life support monitoring equipment, multiple medical problems, deconditioning, and muscle weakness. Early mobilization of critical care patients may facilitate weaning from mechanical ventilation and enhance functional outcomes by optimizing cardiopulmonary and neuromuscular status. Physical therapy helps to improve tissue perfusion, to promote better rest periods, to improve emotional state, to decrease acquired pressure ulcers, to lessen critical care delirium, to decrease complications, to restore function and mobility, and to relieve pain, which collectively
Sequence composition diversity in Alaskan glacier and other metagenomes

Metagenomics by next generation sequencing has become an important tool for interrogating complex microbial communities. In this study we analyzed several pairs of metagenomic samples obtained by different methods and observed biases, resulting in different nucleotide composition of the sequenced reads. The pairwise sample comparison was based on the principal component analysis of dinucleotide word frequencies in sequences obtained from different platforms. We found bias in the sequences obtained from the different platforms for the amplified hypervariable regions in 16S rRNA but not in shotgun metagenome reads aligned to such hypervariable regions. The differences and consistency of the distributions of the nucleotides suggest that the biases are likely due to a combination of biases introduced by PCR and different sequencing protocols, and they are related to the GC content of the reads produced. For this reason, caution should be exercised when interpreting the results of comparative metagenomics studies, as they may vary depending on the sequencing technology.
High-K Strategy Scale: A Measure of the High-K Independent Criterion of Fitness

The present study aimed at testing whether factors documented in the literature as being indicators of a high-K reproductive strategy have effects on fitness in extant humans. A 26-item High-K Stra...
Temporal alignment of pupillary response with stimulus events via deconvolution.

Analysis of pupil dilation has been used as an index of attentional effort in the auditory domain. Previous work has modeled the pupillary response to attentional effort as a linear time-invariant system with a characteristic impulse response, and used deconvolution to estimate the attentional effort that gives rise to changes in pupil size. Here it is argued that one parameter of the impulse response (the latency of response maximum, tmax) has been mis-estimated in the literature; a different estimate is presented, and it is shown how deconvolution with this value of tmax yields more intuitively plausible and informative results.
Surface Structure of A Liquid Perfluoropolyether Examined by Reactive Ion/Surface Scattering

This study shows that reactive ion/surface collisions can provide information on the surface structure of molecular systems. The microscopic structures of perfluorinated polyether (PFPE) liquid surfaces are characterized by ion/surface collision experiments in a mass spectrometer and the results are compared to those obtained with a fluorinated self-assembled monolayer (F-SAM) surface. Low energy (< 100 eV) beams of W+ and W(CO)6 + ions are used for surface-induced dissociation (SID) and ion/surface reactive scattering, while Xe+ and Kr+ beams are used for chemical sputtering experiments. Both the PFPE and F-SAM surfaces show similar SID fragments while reactions with W+ and W(CO)6 + lead to the scattered metal ion with multiple fluorine atoms attached. The main peaks in chemical sputtering spectra are similar for both surfaces as well. Both hydrogen probe beams and chemical sputtering confirm that the liquid PFPE surface is nearly free of impurities. Our results on both surfaces also suggest that the CF3 group of the monomer units is most likely projected outward from the bulk of the liquid surface.
Achieving Tenure as a Clinical Researcher

On average, a tenure track position at a four-year college typically consists of a seven-year probationary period. In a recent survey, approximately 20% of faculty are denied tenure resulting in lo...
Development of a bioassay for putative human lymphoma stem cells.

We attempted to define the conditions that promote growth of putative lymphoma stem cell colonies in vitro in a soft agar system. Growth was promoted by feeder layers containing medium conditioned by adherent spleen cells of mineral oil-primed BALB/c mice or by cells from a human B lymphocyte cell line (RPMI-1788). There were 65 patients with all histologic types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma studied. Lymphoid colony growth was obtained in 11 (61%) of 18 bone marrows and in 3 (50%) of 6 lymph nodes histologically involved by lymphocytic lymphoma. Conversely, colony growth was observed in only a single instance from 49 bone marrows without overt lymphoma and was not observed in cultures of normal lymph nodes (4), spleens (2), bone marrows (10), or peripheral blood (6). In a group of 12 patients whose bone marrows were studied serially before, during, and after chemotherapy, positive cultures correlated well with bone marrow involvement by lymphoma and clinical status. In positive cultures, colonies appeared within 4 days of plating and reached peak size (nearly 1000 cells per colony) in 7-10 days. Plating efficiency ranged from 0.001% to 0.1%. Morphologic, histochemical, and immunologic studies of cells from the colonies identified them as lymphoid. This assay system should permit further identification of the characteristics of lymphomas that grow in vitro and may prove amenable for evaluating effects of anticancer drugs on the survival of human lymphoma colony-forming cells.
Survey on HIV/AIDS-related Knowledge,Behavior and HIV/Syphilis Infection Among FSWs,Eshan County,2010-2012

Objective To understand the current status of knowledge on HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and risk behaviors among female sex workers(FSWs),so as to provide the scientific basis for the intervention in local FSWs. Methods A total of 300FSWs were recruited in the survey with anonymous questionnaires by random cluster sampling method,and blood samples were collected for HIV and syphilis antibodies,during 2010-2012. Results Of a total of 300FSWs monitored during 2010-2012,the average age was 29.51±7.92years,those with junior high school education accounted for 50.00%,those who were married accounted for 46.00%.The awareness rate of the AIDS knowledge was99.67%.The awareness rate of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge during 2010-2012was 99.00%,100.00%and 100.00%respectively(P 0.05);and in the first time when they had sex with the patron,the average age was 24.52±5.21years,in the last time when they had sex with the patron,the condom use accounted for 95.67%,in the last month when they had sex with the patron,the condom use every time was 93.67%,the weekly patron number was 7.00±2.00.The first patron sex age,condom use of recent sexual relationship,condom use frequency in the last month of sex,the average weekly number of patrons had no statistically significant differences in the three years(P 0.05).Of a total of 300monitored,1was HIV positive,and 1case was syphilis antibody positive. Conclusion The HIV infection among FSWs maintains a low prevalence level in Eshan county.
Triplicate Ureter with Contralateral Ureteral Duplication

AbstractA case Involving a triplicate ureter on 1 side and a contralateral duplicate ureter Is reported.
Protein kinase activator 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol inhibits two types of calcium currents in GH3 cells

Two types of Ca2+ currents, high-threshold, long-lasting, or L currents and low-threshold, transient, or T currents, are present in many excitable cells. L-type Ca2+ current is modulated by, among others, beta- and alpha-adrenoreceptors and intracellular Ca2+, but modulation of T-type Ca2+ current is less well established. 1-Oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG), a synthetic activator of protein kinase C (PKC), modulates whole cell Ca2+ currents in a variety of excitable cells. Whether activators of PKC affect preferentially L and T types of Ca2+ currents is unknown. We tested OAGs effects on whole cell Ca2+ currents in the clonal GH3 line of anterior pituitary cells. The currents were measured using the whole cell patch-clamp method. Four to 60 microM OAG reversibly reduced Ca2+ currents produced by test potentials to 10 mV, and the inhibition was half maximal at approximately 25 microM. Such concentrations depress Ca2+ currents in chick embryo dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells and clonal AtT-20 pituitary cells. To test whether OAG acted preferentially on L or T current, we separated the two using depolarizing prepulses to inactivate T current. OAG (40 microM) attenuated T currents by 60% and L currents by 50%. The current waveforms were not changed and were simply scaled, and the effects on both occurred approximately 15 s after OAG was applied. In chick embryo DRGs OAG inhibited the T current by 30% and the L current by 50%. We conclude that PKC modulates Ca2+ currents by acting on both L and T Ca2+ channels.
Self-adaptive surface texture design for friction reduction across the lubrication regimes

Surface texturing has been shown to reduce friction and improve durability in mechanical face seals and metal forming operations, and lightly loaded thrust bearings. However, the success has been limited to conformal contacts and low load high speed operating conditions, i.e. hydrodynamic lubrication dominated regime. Both experiments and numerical simulations have shown that textural patterns, under higher loading and/or slower speeds may increase friction and even cause the lubrication film collapse. Specific designs of surface texture pattern, as its shape, depth and density, are required for different lubrication regimes. Our own study has shown (Hsu et al 2014 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 47 335307) that large/shallow dimple reduces friction in hydrodynamic lubrication regime, whereas small/deep dimple shows benefit in mixed/boundary lubrication regimes (if the textural designs can provides hydrodynamic/hydrostatic lift forces to reduce the machine loading). In considering an engine component typically experiences duty cycles that may cross various lubrication regimes, a multiscale surface texture design appears attractive. This type of mixed shape texturing combines textures designed for low load, high speed operating conditions and the textures that are designed for high load, low speed operations. In this paper, two types of multiscale surface texture designs are presented. Ball-on-three-flats (BOTF) wear tester (under high loading conditions) is used to evaluate the performance of these multiscale texture designs along with the baselines of un-textured surfaces under the same surface preparation procedures. Two texture designs with only a single shape dimples are included in the study. Results suggest that multiscale surface texture design not only further reduces friction in comparison to the textures with single shape dimples, but also shows the effectiveness across hydrodynamic regimes to the mixed lubrication regimes.
Azeotrope enabled polymerization of ethylene oxide

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is a nonionic hydrophilic polymer having the same repeat unit as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), distinguished from PEG only by mass or synthetic approach. It is of interest in both biology and materials science, as PEO surfaces demonstrate a unique lack of protein adhesion and PEO block copolymers are widely used in applications such as drug delivery. However, the synthesis of PEO can be experimentally challenging, requiring air sensitive organometallic reagents to form reactive potassium alkoxides followed by the removal of compounds such as naphthalene from the final product. Here we report a synthetic route that avoids these difficulties by forming the propagating alkoxides by azeotropic distillation, removing water from the alcohol/alkoxide equilibrium. Removing the water drives the equilibrium to the potassium alkoxide without the use of pyrophoric organometallics. GPC and NMR are used to characterize the PEO polymers made by this approach from various alcohols, including hydroxyl terminated PEO.
Error Estimate for a Quadrature Formula for H 2 Functions

Let f ∈ H 2, where H 2 is the Hardy space on the unit disc. Let −1 < x 1 < x 2 < ... < x n < 1 be fixed given numbers. Consider \({\sup _{\left\| f \right\| \leqslant 1}}\left| {\int_{ - 1}^1 {f(t)dt - \sum\nolimits_{j = 1}^n {{a_j}f({x_j})} } } \right|: = \in ({a_1}, \ldots ,{a_n}): = \in (a)\). Here ‖ · ‖ is the norm in H 2, a j = const, a = (a 1,...,a n ). The quantity ∊ n ≔ min a ∊(a) is computed.
Drivers of woody canopy water content responses to drought in a Mediterranean-type ecosystem.

Severe droughts increase physiological stress in woody plant species, which can lead to mortality, fundamentally altering the composition, structure, and biogeography of forests in many regions. Little is known, however, about the factors determining the physiological response of woody plants to drought at landscape scales. Our objective was to understand woody plant species responses to ongoing changes in climate, using remotely sensed canopy water content (CWC) as an indicator of plant physiological and phenological status. We used fused imaging spectroscopy and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) from the Carnegie Airborne Observatory (CAO) to quantify the factors affecting species compositional changes in CWC in a diverse Mediterranean-type ecosystem (Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve, CA) between 2013 and 2015. Mapped CWC was spatially variable in both of the observation years, and proved to be most closely tied to species composition and distribution across the landscape. The secondary predictors of CWC were elevation and soil substrate. In contrast, we found that CWC change was much more related to environmental factors than to the species composition. We suggest that the effect of environment on CWC change is mediated through species resistance and resilience to drought. Monitoring CWC change with imaging spectroscopy is a powerful approach to identifying species-level responses to climatic events and long-term change, which may provide support for policy decisions and conservation at large spatial scales. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Magnetic Dichroism in the Vacuum Ultraviolet

The purpose of this work is to highlight two recent developments in absorption dichroism studies. The first of these, the SDI, permits the simultaneous measurement of linear, elliptical and circular dichroism spectra and, also simultaneously, absorption spectra. It is unaffected by the non-sinusoidal nature of the periodic signals, by large changes of optical density or by voltage feedback restrictions. It should simplify experiment and, by virtue of larger resolution and fidelity, it should do much to increase the quality of the results. The second development was occasioned by the frustration of the authors when confronted by MCD signatures that were not of a classical type. A modeling technique has been developed that can handle contrary signatures, and it has performed well on three of the first Rydberg transitions of HI, two of them very non-classical. It is true that roelectronic assignments were already available for these three transitions and that the simulations merely verify those prior assignments. However, confrontation by a signature for which the corresponding transition is unassigned should present no difficulty other than considerably more work and, if the signature be adequately unique, it should provide rather incontrovertible assignments.
System-level studies of a cell-free transcription-translation platform for metabolic engineering

Current methods for assembling biosynthetic pathways in microorganisms require a process of repeated trial and error and have long design-build-test cycles. We describe the use of a cell-free transcription-translation (TX-TL) system as a biomolecular breadboard for the rapid engineering of the 1,4-butanediol (BDO) pathway. We demonstrate the reliability of TX-TL as a platform for engineering biological systems by undertaking a careful characterization of its transcription and translation capabilities and provide a detailed analysis of its metabolic output. Using TX-TL to survey the design space of the BDO pathway enables rapid tuning of pathway enzyme expression levels for improved product yield. Leveraging TX-TL to screen enzyme variants for improved catalytic activity accelerates design iterations that can be directly applied to in vivo strain development.
Trial designs for statin muscle intolerance.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article aims to review the spectrum of statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS), the consequences of downtitration of statin therapy on cardiovascular events, the published trials of nonstatin therapy in patients who report SAMS, and to provide a framework for future trials in SAMS patients. RECENT FINDINGS SAMS is reported in 10-25% of patients prescribed statin therapy; however, the few patients enrolled in randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trials (RCTs) discontinue statin therapy due to adverse events. Several possible reasons for this discrepancy in clinical practice versus RCTs may results from patient selection in clinical trials that excludes patients with characteristics that increase the risk of SAMS, widespread use of higher intensity statins in low-risk populations that evaluated in nearly all RCTs, and perceptions concerning harm of statin therapy. Clinical trials of nonstatin therapy have shown that most patients tolerate statin therapy upon repeat challenge, and thus better tools are needed to more accurately identify SAMS patients and enroll these patients in RCTs of nonstatin therapy. SUMMARY Clinical trials in patients who report SAMS have shown better tolerability of certain classes of nonstatin therapy. Low rates of recurrent SAMS in double-blind rechallenge have led some to challenge the concept of statin muscle intolerance. However, patients with perceived SAMS downtitrate their statin therapy and suffer more cardiovascular events. A revised paradigm for evaluation of SAMS is proposed.
Some aspects of tree initiation in solid insulation

It is largely within the last five years that treeing has been recognized as a possible mechanism in long time insulation breakdown. The term treeing is used here to indicate the growth of branching breakdown channels within insulation. Treeing differs from uniform field breakdown particularly in that the electric strength of the insulation is exceeded only locally at a concentration of electric stress. Treeing certainly involves time dependent processes and therefore proceeds at a finite rate which may be very slow. One aspect of treeing which adds to its interest is its common occurrence as the final phase of breakdown from corona erosion1,2.
Go Mobile: The Phirbol Franchise

To grow Phirbol, a telecom retail franchise chain in Delhi, India's underdeveloped markets, its founders were exploring ways to offer more value to the franchisees. In mid-2009, the Phirbol franchise was comprised of some 150 franchisees that had converted their small "mom-and-pop" shops into Phirbol-branded stores. Entrepreneurs Meghna Modi and Glenn Wong had launched the franchise in 2007, two years after they founded Go Mobile, a company-owned mobile retail chain. While Go Mobile stores were located in higher-income neighborhoods and focused primarily on selling phone handsets, Phirbol stores could be found in less-developed areas -- most were not accessible by car -- and focused on selling service connections (SIM cards) and recharges. Phirbol added value to the franchisees by streamlining some of their business processes, offering them a consistent product supply, sales support and incentives, and providing them with education on the constantly changing dynamics of India's mobile market. But as the founders looked towards expanding, they knew they would have to enhance their offering to franchisees in order to recruit some of the more established "mom-and-pop" stores they planned to target as franchisees. In addition, they would need to adjust their business model such that more responsibility was delegated to franchisees and staff. Looking forward, what should Modi and Wong do to ensure Phirbol's success?Learning Objective:To explore the challenges of navigating the complex, dynamic telecom market in India and leveraging brand creditbility to building a retail franchise in India's underdeveloped urban neighborhoods.
Ternäre Erdalkali-und Seltene Erd-Silicide und-Germanide mit AlB2-Struktur

Der AlB2-Strukturtyp (C 32) wurde fur SrGeZn, elf Verbindungen mit der ZusammensetzungRGe1,33Cu0,67 und vierzehn Silicide der FormelRSi1,33Cu0,67 aufgefunden, wobeiR ein Atom der Erdalkaligruppe oder der Seltenen Erdelemente symbolisiert. Das Auftreten von binaren und ternaren Vertretern dieses Strukturtyps wird in Beziehung gesetzt zu einem bestimmten Bereich der Valenzelektronenkonzentration.
MEMS terahertz-to-infrared band converter using frequency selective planar metamaterial

A MEMS terahertz-to-infrared converter has been developed based on the unique properties of metamaterials that allow for selective control of the absorptivity and emissivity of the sensors. The converter consists of a sensing element structurally made of planar metamaterial membranes, connected to a substrate frame by four symmetrically-located thermal insulators. Upon THz absorption, the temperature of the sensing element increases and the outward infrared flux from the backside of the element is read by a commercial long-wave infrared camera. Two configurations were designed and fabricated with metamaterial absorptivity optimized for 3.8 THz and 4.75 THz quantum cascade lasers. The first sensor, fabricated with an oxidized aluminum backside, exhibits higher responsivity, but lower conversion efficiency than the second sensor, fabricated with a metamaterial backside. The spectral characteristics of the metamaterial on the two sides can be optimized to improve both responsivity and sensitivity, while keeping the sensors’ thermal time constant sufficiently small for real time imaging. No dedicated electronics or optics are required for readout making metamaterial-based MEMS THz-to-IR converters very attractive for THz imaging as means of a simple attachment to commercial IR cameras.
Molecular Diagnostics in Pancreatic and Biliary Cytology

Increasing discoveries of the molecular alterations underlying pancreatic and biliary lesions have led to the utilization of cytology samples for molecular testing. Currently in pancreaticobiliary cytology, routine molecular testing has limited diagnostic utility except in the preoperative evaluation of pancreatic cysts and the detection of malignancy in biliary duct brushings. Because of the significant morbidity and mortality associated with pancreatic surgeries, it is of paramount importance to distinguish benign from premalignant/malignant cystic lesions preoperatively. In some institutions, molecular testing is being routinely performed on pancreatic cyst fluid to improve the detection of mucinous cysts, where the detection of a KRAS and/or GNAS mutation is highly specific for a mucinous etiology, and GNAS mutations are diagnostic of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. The addition of molecular testing can be particularly helpful in cases where cytology and/or CEA are noncontributory and thus significantly improves the sensitivity of pancreatic cyst fluid analysis. With bile duct brushings, the addition of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to cytology is an established ancillary test for the diagnosis of bile duct carcinoma, and next-generation sequencing has also shown promise as a valuable ancillary tool. Late mutations in the progression to malignancy such as p16 (CDKN2A/INK4A) and SMAD4 deletions support a high-risk lesion in both pancreatic cyst fluids and bile duct brushing specimens.
RL4health: Crowdsourcing Reinforcement Learning for Knee Replacement Pathway Optimization.

Joint replacement is the most common inpatient surgical treatment in the US. We investigate the clinical pathway optimization for knee replacement, which is a sequential decision process from onset to recovery. Based on episodic claims from previous cases, we view the pathway optimization as an intelligence crowdsourcing problem and learn the optimal decision policy from data by imitating the best expert at every intermediate state. We develop a reinforcement learning-based pipeline that uses value iteration, state compression and aggregation learning, kernel representation and cross validation to predict the best treatment policy. It also provides forecast of the clinical pathway under the optimized policy. Empirical validation shows that the optimized policy reduces the overall cost by 7 percent and reduces the excessive cost premium by 33 percent.
Toward the Optimization of Hydrogen, Ammonia, and Methanol Supply Chains

Abstract Despite the development of renewable energy technologies becoming more economically favorable, their implementation on a large scale is still decades away. In the meantime, hybrid energy systems (fossil fuel & renewable based) are required as transitional bridges to the future. Renewable energy systems also suffer from temporal and geographical variability issues. Chemical storage in hydrogen-dense compounds is a potential solution. A multi-period planning optimization model of hydrogen networks in California is constructed to analyze its deployment as a transitional energy system for replacing vehicle fuel. A supply chain optimization model of ammonia and methanol networks in Texas is built to understand the future economic viability of chemically storing renewable energy to displace electricity generated from fossil fuels. Results indicate that both are promising viable candidates for transitional and future energy systems.
Clinical outcomes and survival following lung transplantation in patients with pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Background and objective Disease-specific outcomes following lung transplantation (LT) in patients with pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) are not well established. We queried the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database to identify adult PLCH patients who had undergone LT in the United States. Methods Overall survival data were analysed with Kaplan-Meier curves. Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine the effect of demographic, clinical and physiological variables on post-transplant survival. Results A total of 87 patients with PLCH underwent LT in the United States between October 1987 and June 2017, accounting for 0.25% of the total LT during this period. The mean age at LT for PLCH patients was 49 years (range: 19-67 years), with a near equal gender distribution. Bilateral sequential LT was performed in 71 patients (82%). Pulmonary hypertension was present in 85% of patients, with a mean pulmonary artery pressure of 38.5 ± 14.1 mm Hg. The mean pre-transplant forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 ) was 41 ± 21% predicted and the mean 6-min walk distance was 221 ± 111 m. Median post-LT survival for PLCH patients was comparable to patients with other lung diseases (5.1 vs 5.5 years, P = 0.76). The actuarial Kaplan-Meier post-LT survival for PLCH patients was 85%, 65%, 49% and 22% at 1, 3, 5 and 10 years, respectively. Female sex (hazard ratio (HR): 0.40, 95% CI: 0.22-0.72), pre-transplant serum bilirubin (HR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.23-2.26) and serum creatinine (HR: 4.03, 95% CI: 1.01-14.76) were independently associated with post-LT mortality in our cohort. Conclusion Post-LT survival in patients with PLCH is similar to patients with other lung diseases and is significantly affected by patient gender.
Variable gene dispersal conditions and spatial deforestation patterns can interact to affect tropical tree conservation outcomes.

Tropical lowland rain forest (TLRF) biodiversity is under threat from anthropogenic factors including deforestation which creates forest fragments of different sizes that can further undergo various internal patterns of logging. Such interventions can modify previous equilibrium abundance and spatial distribution patterns of offspring recruitment and/or pollen dispersal. Little is known about how these aspects of deforestation and fragmentation might synergistically affect TLRF tree recovery demographics and population genetics in newly formed forest fragments. To investigate these TLRF anthropogenic disturbance processes we used the computer program NEWGARDEN (NG), which models spatially-explicit, individual-based plant populations, to simulate 10% deforestation in six different spatial logging patterns for the plant functional type of a long-lived TLRF canopy tree species. Further, each logging pattern was analyzed under nine varying patterns of offspring versus pollen dispersal distances that could have arisen post-fragmentation. Results indicated that gene dispersal condition (especially via offspring) had a greater effect on population growth and genetic diversity retention (explaining 98.5% and 88.8% of the variance respectively) than spatial logging pattern (0.2% and 4.7% respectively), with ‘Near’ distance dispersal maximizing population growth and genetic diversity relative to distant dispersal. Within logged regions of the fragment, deforestation patterns closer to fragment borders more often exhibited lower population recovery rates and founding genetic diversity retention relative to more centrally located logging. These results suggest newly isolated fragments have populations that are more sensitive to the way in which their offspring and pollen dispersers are affected than the spatial pattern in which subsequent logging occurs, and that large variation in the recovery rates of different TLRF tree species attributable to altered gene dispersal regimens will be a likely outcome of fragmentation. Conservation implications include possible manual interventions (manual manipulations of offspring dispersers and/or pollinators) in forest fragments to increase population recovery and genetic diversity retention.
Initiation of generic imatinib may improve medication adherence for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.

Purpose To compare adherence to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) between patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who initiated branded or generic imatinib. Methods We used MarketScan commercial claims data (January 2011-June 2018) to identify patients with CML who newly initiated branded imatinib before 1 August 2015 or generic imatinib on or after 2 February 2016, and were continuously enrolled in health plans for 6 months before through 6 months following their initial fill. After inverse probability of treatment weighting, we compared adherence (proportion of days covered [PDC]) and persistence (no gaps ≥30 and ≥60 consecutive days in therapy) to TKI therapy. Results Patients initiating generic imatinib consistently had higher average PDC per month and over the 6-month follow-up period than initiators of branded imatinib. Average 6-month PDC was 92% (95%CI:89%-94%) for generic initiators and 85% (95%CI:83%-86%) for brand initiators. Compared with branded imatinib initiators, a larger proportion of generic imatinib initiators were adherent and persistent to TKI therapy (PDC ≥ 90%:78% versus 64%; no≥60-day gap:94% versus 86%). Conclusions Patients initiating generic imatinib achieved clinically significant improvements in adherence to TKI therapy relative to branded drug users, presumably due to lower out-of-pocket costs. Given the importance of optimal adherence in CML, considering barriers to adherence (eg, patient-cost sharing and health benefit design) when selecting initial treatment may improve long-term medication adherence. Pharmacoepidemiologic studies should consider how best to account for expected cost-sharing and its impact on adherence and subsequent clinical outcomes.
Grandparenting practices around the world

Socio-demographic transitions are occurring worldwide due to rapidly growing older populations in many countries; as a result, grandparenting practices around the world have taken more diverse form...
Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost)-based multiwavelength spatial frequency domain imaging and characterization for ex vivo human colorectal tissue assessment

The current gold standard diagnostic test for colorectal cancer remains histological inspections of endoluminal neoplasia in biopsy specimens. However, biopsy site selection requires visual inspection of the bowel, typically with a white-light endoscope. Therefore, this technique is poorly suited to detect small or innocuous-appearing lesions. We hypothesize that an alternative modality-multiwavelength spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI)-would be able to differentiate various colorectal neoplasia from normal tissue. In this ex vivo study of human colorectal tissues, we report the optical absorption and scattering signatures of normal, adenomatous polyp and cancer specimens. An abnormal vs. normal adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) classifier is trained to dichotomize tissue based on SFDI imaging characteristics, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.95 is achieved. We conclude that AdaBoost-based multiwavelength SFDI can differentiate abnormal from normal colorectal tissues, potentially improving endoluminal screening of the distal gastrointestinal tract in the future.
Determinants of Enantiospecificity in Limonene Synthases.

Monoterpene synthases catalyze the first committed step in the biosynthesis of monoterpenes and are in part responsible for the enormous structural diversity among this class of metabolites. Here, ...
Light Microscopy Beyond the Wavelength Limit: Methods for Characterizing Cell Surface Membranes

The cell surface mediates the flow of information and metabolites between a cell and its environment. We are interested in understanding the lateral organization of the surface, as part of our program in understanding its function. The model of lateral organization of cell surface membranes is evolving from one which emphasizes mobility and autonomy of membrane constituent molecules, to another which emphasizes the lateral concentration of membrane proteins and lipids into patches and membrane microdomains. Indirect evidence suggests that diameters of these patches and microdomains are often ≤ a wavelength of visible light, and so cannot be readily resolved by conventional light microscopy.We have developed two complementary techniques for detecting patches and microdomains on the nm scale: image fluorescence resonance energy transfer, FRET, and near-field scanning optical microscopy, NSOM. The first of these techniques detects proximity of membrane proteins and lipids on a scale of a few nm in terms of the interactions of donor and acceptor fluorophores.
What are We Talking About? Natural Language Processing in Organizations

Text is a rich and naturally-occurring source of data throughout all organizations, but it is not trivial to analyze - it is high-dimensional, sparse, and context-dependent. Each presenter focuses ...
Efficient Training of Semantic Image Segmentation on Summit using Horovod and MVAPICH2-GDR.

Deep Learning (DL) models for semantic image segmentation are an emerging trend in response to the explosion of multi-class, high resolution image and video data. However, segmentation models are highly compute-intensive, and even the fastest Volta GPUs cannot train them in a reasonable time frame. In our experiments, we observed just 6.7 images/second on a single Volta GPU for training DeepLab-v3+ (DLv3+), a state-of-the-art Encoder-Decoder model for semantic image segmentation. For comparison, a Volta GPU can process 300 images/second for training ResNet-50, a state-of-the-art model for image classification. In this context, we see a clear opportunity to utilize supercomputers to speed up training of segmentation models. However, most published studies on the performance of novel DL models such as DLv3+ require the user to significantly change Horovod, MPI, and the DL model to improve performance. Our work proposes an alternative tuning method that achieves near-linear scaling without significant changes to Horovod, MPI, or the DL model. In this paper, we select DLv3+ as the candidate TensorFlow model and implement Horovod-based distributed training for DLv3+. We observed poor default scaling performance of DLv3+ on the Summit system at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. To address this, we conducted an in-depth performance tuning of various Horovod/MPI knobs to achieve better performance over the default parameters. We present a comprehensive scaling comparison for Horovod with MVAPICH2-GDR up to 132 GPUs on Summit. Our optimization approach achieves near-linear (92%) scaling with MVAPICH2-GDR. We achieved a “mIOU” accuracy of 80.8% for distributed training, which is on par with published accuracy for this model. Further, we demonstrate an improvement in scaling efficiency by 23.9% over default Horovod training, which translates to a 1.3× speedup in training performance.
Harmonic emission from high frequency gyrotrons

Second harmonic emission of power levels of ≳ 25 kW and frequencies up to 302 GHz have been achieved in a short pulse gyrotron designed for operation at the fundamental in the 110–170 GHz band. Frequency, starting current and power level measurements for several harmonic modes have been made. A theoretical analysis of harmonic content is discussed and experimental results are presented.
Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents

Within the past decade there has been a sharp increase in the frequency of type 2 diabetes in adolescents and children1-12. Although this increase has been associated with a rise in the frequency of obesity in the pediatric population, the etiology of type 2 diabetes in the pediatric subjects remains unclear. To better understand the similarities and the differences between pediatric and adult type 2 diabetes and the potential risks type 2 diabetes poses to our youth and future generations, this chapter will compare and contrast the pathophysiology and treatment of both adult and pediatric type 2 diabetes.
Missed T-spine osteomyelitis: the role of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in the diagnosis of vertebral osteomyelitis

A 63-year-old man with a history of hyperlipidemia and Gilbert's syndrome presented to the emergency department with subjective fevers, rigours and back pain, however normal vital signs. Laboratory evaluation was remarkable for elevated white cell count 19×109/L, C-reactive protein (CRP) 8.9 mg/
Measurement-induced phase transitions in quantum automaton circuits

We study the entanglement dynamics in a generic quantum automaton circuit subjected to projective measurements. We design an efficient algorithm which not only allows us to perform large-scale simulation for the R\'enyi entropy, but also provides a physical picture for the entanglement dynamics, which can be interpreted in terms of a classical bit-string model which belongs to the directed percolation universality class. We study the purification dynamics of a state formed by Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs, and the growth of entanglement starting from a product state. In both cases, we verify numerically that the dynamics is in the universality class of classical directed percolation.
Review of Recent Research about Parenting Generation Z Pre-Teen Children.

The purpose of this scoping review is to provide a timely update of available research describing parents’ perspectives of parenting pre-teen children of Generation Z (born 1997 through 2012). The ...
Mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibition-induced modulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression is one of the most notable characteristics in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The MAPK kinase (MEK) inhibitor trametinib has shown efficacy to treat HNSCC; however, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Methods HNSCC lines, mouse models, Western blot, and flow cytometry were employed to analyze the anticancer effects of trametinib. Results The JHU-011, JHU-022, and JHU-029 HNSCC cells with different genetic alterations were highly susceptible to trametinib. Trametinib effectively reduced EGFR expression, which was accompanied by the reduction of pro-survival protein MYC, and the increased expression of a MYC-targeted cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip1 and pro-apoptotic protein BIM. Trametinib resulted in G1 arrest of the cells, markedly reduced cell numbers in S phase, and significantly increased apoptosis. In mouse models, trametinib strongly inhibited tumors growth. Conclusions The MAPK-ERK signaling inhibition by trametinib may target EGFR and the downstream proteins against HNSCC.
Hand Surgeons Are Tackling Tougher Scaphoids: A Study of ABOS Candidate Data.

BackgroundThis study will evaluate whether those who have completed a hand fellowship treat a disproportionate number of scaphoid fractures based on recent American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (AB...
The 'humane in the loop': Inclusive research design and policy approaches to foster capacity building assistive technologies in the COVID-19 era.

The COVID-19 pandemic is emerging as a driver of greater reliance on wireless technologies, including intelligent assistive technologies, such as robots and artificial intelligence. We must integrate the humane "into the loop" of human-AT interactions to realize the full potential of wireless inclusion for people with disabilities and older adults. Embedding ethics into these new technologies is critical and requires a co-design approach, with end users participating throughout. Developing humane AT begins with a participatory, user-centered design embedded in an iterative co-creation process, and guided by an ethos prioritizing beneficence, user autonomy and agency. To gain insight into plausible AT development pathways ("futures"), we use scenario planning as a tool to articulate themes in the research literature. Four plausible scenarios are developed and compared to identify one as a desired "humane" future for AT development. Policy and practice recommendations derived from this scenario, and their implications for the role of AT in the advancement of human potential are explored.
Finite speed of quantum information in models of interacting bosons at finite density

We prove that quantum information propagates with a finite velocity in any model of interacting bosons whose (possibly time-dependent) Hamiltonian contains spatially local single-boson hopping terms along with arbitrary local density-dependent interactions. More precisely, with density matrix $\rho \propto \exp[-\mu N]$ (with $N$ the total boson number), ensemble averaged correlators of the form $\langle [A_0,B_r(t)]\rangle $, along with out-of-time-ordered correlators, must vanish as the distance $r$ between two local operators grows, unless $t \ge r/v$ for some finite speed $v$. In one dimensional models, we give a useful extension of this result that demonstrates the smallness of all matrix elements of the commutator $[A_0,B_r(t)]$ between finite density states if $t/r$ is sufficiently small. Our bounds are relevant for physically realistic initial conditions in experimentally realized models of interacting bosons. In particular, we prove that $v$ can scale no faster than linear in number density in the Bose-Hubbard model: this scaling matches previous results in the high density limit. The quantum walk formalism underlying our proof provides an alternative method for bounding quantum dynamics in models with unbounded operators and infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces, where Lieb-Robinson bounds have been notoriously challenging to prove.