cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Safe and effective management of esophageal coins in children with bougienage.

Background Coins are the foreign body most commonly ingested in infants and children. Coins retained in the esophagus require intervention to prevent complications. Management of retained esophageal coins remains variable both between and within institutions. We hypothesize that the incorporation of bougienage in the management of pediatric esophageal coins is safe and more cost-effective compared with traditional management strategies that use endoscopy. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of infants and children diagnosed with an esophageal foreign body managed at Children's Hospital of Wisconsin between January 2003 and June 2012. Pediatric otolaryngologists (ear-nose-throat, ie, ENTs) or pediatric surgeons manage all children with esophageal foreign bodies in a prospective call schedule that alternates weekly. Results During an 8.5-year period, 1,642 children were diagnosed with esophageal foreign bodies and 518 had a retained coin. For esophageal coins, ENT managed 218 cases and pediatric surgery managed 300. ENTs preferentially used endoscopy for coin removal, whereas pediatric surgeons used either endoscopy or esophageal bougienage for selected children meeting specific criteria. Bougienage was successful at advancing the coin into the stomach in 94% of patients, and endoscopy was successful at removing the coin from the esophagus in 100% of patients. The mean duration of stay was 0.6 days for endoscopy by ENT, 0.6 days for endoscopy by pediatric surgery, and 0.1 days for bougienage ( P P Conclusion This is the first case series evaluating the management of children with esophageal coins using a prospective assignment to endoscopy versus endoscopy or bougienage. Our data support bougienage as a safe and cost-effective treatment for managing retained esophageal coins in selected children.
Ligand design by a combinatorial approach based on modeling and experiment: application to HLA-DR4.

Combinatorial synthesis and large scale screening methods are being used increasingly in drug discovery, particularly for finding novel lead compounds. Although these “random” methods sample larger areas of chemical space than traditional synthetic approaches, only a relatively small percentage of all possible compounds are practically accessible. It is therefore helpful to select regions of chemical space that have greater likelihood of yielding useful leads. When three-dimensional structural data are available for the target molecule this can be achieved by applying structure-based computational design methods to focus the combinatorial library. This is advantageous over the standard usage of computational methods to design a small number of specific novel ligands, because here computation is employed as part of the combinatorial design process and so is required only to determine a propensity for binding of certain chemical moieties in regions of the target molecule. This paper describes the application of the Multiple Copy Simultaneous Search (MCSS) method, an active site mapping and de novo structure-based design tool, to design a focused combinatorial library for the class II MHC protein HLA-DR4. Methods for the synthesizing and screening the computationally designed library are presented; evidence is provided to show that binding was achieved. Although the structure of the protein-ligand complex could not be determined, experimental results including cross-exclusion of a known HLA-DR4 peptide ligand (HA) by a compound from the library. Computational model building suggest that at least one of the ligands designed and identified by the methods described binds in a mode similar to that of native peptides.
CATHOLIC VOTERS AND THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY

M A UCH of the recent political history of the United States has been interpreted as a consequence of the ethnic composition of the major metropolitan areas. The base of the Democratic Party outside the South has been, according to Samuel Lubell, among the immigrants and their children (particularly the latter) in the big urban centers. In his words, the basis of the New Deal was in "the revolt of the underdog, urban immigrant against the top dog of 'old American' stock." Furthermore, Lubell believes, "[the immigrant's] Catholicism was an essential element in that revolt."'I This thesis is similar to that of sociologists, who emphasize the low social rank typical of Catholics and the importance of the differential association among Catholics as a conserving mechanism for the original pro-Democratic orientation, but in essentials tend to agree with the primitive theory as outlined by Lubell. Political scientists make similar assumptions, with more emphasis upon the place of the ethnic, working-class, Catholic urban population in the functioning of the old-style political machine. However, the economic trends of the last thirty years have tended to change radically the social rank and the style of life of urban secondgeneration ethnics, Catholic and non-Catholic alike. The changes in job distribution, in general levels of living, and in educational norms
ANALYSIS OF SOLITARY WAVES IN ARTERIES

Solitary waves are coincided with separaterices, which surrounds an equilibrium point with characteristics like a center, a sink, or a source. The existence of closed or spiral orbits in phase plane predicts the existence of such an equilibrium point. If there exists another saddle point near that equilibrium point, separatrix orbit appears. In order to prove the existence of solution for any kind of boundary value problem, we need to apply a fixed-point theorem. We have used the Schauder’s fixed-point theorem to show that there exists at least one nontrivial solution for equation of wave motion in arteries, which has a spiral characteristic. The equation of wave motion in arteries has a nonlinear character. Thus, the amplitude of the wave depends on the wave velocity. There is no general analytical or straightforward method for prediction of the amplitude of the solitary wave. Therefore, it must be found by numerical or nonstraightforward methods. We introduce and analyse three methods: saddle point trajectory, escape moving time, and escape moving energy. We apply these methods and show that the results of them are in agreement, and the amplitude of a solitary wave is predictable.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Presence The Eye of the Needle

This column explores the meanings of presence from philosophical, theological, psychological, and nursing perspectives. The eye of the needle is used as a metaphor to emphasize the capacities required for living presence. The humanbecoming concept of true presence is emphasized and examples are given of living true presence in nursing.
Retrievable Cemented Implant Restorations

Prostheses can be attached to implants or implant abutments by screw retention, cementation, or with the use of set-screws. The indications for non-screw-retained restorations are discussed with respect to implant body position and surgical limitations for implant placement. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are outlined. A technique that uses a screw threaded into the implant restoration to displace the cemented restoration is presented. Use of this technique will allow predictable removal of the cemented restorations without damage to the prosthesis or abutment.
Use of anti-platelet agents after traumatic intracranial hemorrhage.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the risk of hemorrhagic complications associated with starting anti-platelet therapy (APT) after acute traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (tICH) and to examine the frequency of thrombotic complications. Patients and methods We retrospectively identified all patients admitted to our institution with tICH that received APT during their initial hospitalization over a three-year period. We reviewed their demographics, hospital course, clinical indication and timing for initiation of APT, and complications. Results A total of 222 patients were identified. The median age and Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 61 and 21, respectively. Fifty (23%) patients required neurosurgical procedures. APTs were initiated due to a history of APT use in 91 patients (41%) and blunt cerebrovascular injury in 86 patients (38.6%). The median time from injury to starting APT was 4 days. Immediate complications including new or worsening hemorrhage occurred in 1 ( Thrombotic events occurred in 21 (9.4%) patients prior to starting APT. Thirteen (5.8%) of these were potentially preventable. Conclusion The risk of immediate and delayed intracranial hemorrhages from initiating APT after tICH must be weighed against the morbidity of delaying indicated thrombotic prophylaxis. Our initial data indicates that hemorrhagic complications are infrequent, and thrombotic complications can have significant clinical consequences. Our retrospective review provides the first rates of complications for this patient population.
Production of superoxide and TNF-α from alveolar macrophages is blunted by glycine

Glycine blunts lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced increases in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production by Kupffer cells through a glycine-gated ch...
CHEMORECEPTION IN BETTA SPLENDENS

4 Ss were kept visually and chemically isolated for 21 days in individual glass beakers with no aereation or drainage. They were then transplanted to each other's beakers (their “habitats”), which ...
103. Restraint stress inhibits melanoma tumor progression in vivo through suppression of IL-10

The World Health Organization estimates that by 2020 depression and related disorders will be the world’s second greatest cause of disability world-wide. Animal models of human psychological disease have proven invaluable in elucidating the biological consequences of psychological disorders and have served in developing effective treatments for human disease. We have recently shown that an extended model of restraint stress elicits a depressive phenotype and a systemic decrease in IL-10 expression. Our laboratory has also demonstrated that restraint stress inhibits the progression of melanoma tumors in vivo . IL-10 inhibition has been shown to sensitize melanoma tumors to chemotherapy. In order to investigate mechanisms of IL-10 suppression in inhibiting tumor growth, we employed a model of murine restraint stress. By treating mice bearing B16F10 melanoma tumors with exogenous IL-10 or an IL-10 inhibitor we are able to demonstrate that stress-induced IL-10 suppression is sufficient to inhibit B16F10 tumor formation. Further, we report on differential rates of infiltration and cytokine expression of individual IL-10 producing cell types within the tumor microenvironment and explore the mechanism by which psychological stress affects melanoma progression.
Mutual Fund Style Volatility and Fund Flows

Mutual fund managers often follow investment strategies that result in a drift of their investment styles over time. This paper empirically examines whether the behavior of mutual fund investors is affected by this style drift using a comprehensive sample of U.S. actively-managed equity mutual funds from 1985 to 2013. I find a significant positive relationship between the style volatility and the subsequent fund flows to mutual funds. Further, this relationship is less pronounced for funds with superior past performance. Finally, fund style volatility has a dampening effect on the flow-performance relationship, as performance is perceived as a less informative signal of investment ability for fund managers who follow inconsistent styles over time.
Developing competency tests for Oklahoma's dietetic support personnel program

Competency tests were developed for Oklahoma's Dietetic Support Personnel Training Program to assure the professional quality of its graduates. The tests' content validity was assured through an elaborate committee validation process. The tests' reliability was investigated using split-halves methods, and their criterion-related validity was investigated using non-parametric methods to correlate workers' test scores with employers' on-the-job performance ratings. The tests' reliability indexes varied between 0.88 and 0.97, indicating their consistency. Their validity indexes varied between 0.13 and 0.78, indicating the need for further work in some test areas.
The Enigma of Sexual Desire, Part 2: Theoretical, Scientific, and Medical Perspectives

In this two-part series, we review various perspectives of non-science writers (Part 1) and then, in this second part, beginning with the late nineteenth century, of scientists and medical professionals (psychologists, physicians, etc.). In this part, we focus on various scientific approaches and models regarding the nature of sexual desire, including its role in engendering sexual and non-sexual responses. We show that most of the current thinking regarding sexual desire is founded upon these previous models and that, in reality, the development of this construct has progressed little over the past quarter century. The relatively recent notion of low sexual desire as being a problem or even dysfunction is considered, as we, in the final section, attempt not only to synthesize the many perspectives of this construct but also to discuss its future direction.
Two forms of contemporary Buddhism

Key terms and teachings Engaged Buddhism: A form of Buddhism developed by Thich Nhat Hanh and others that combines the meditative practices of the monastic life with the practical demands of compassionate action in the world. Its point and purpose is for its practitioners to realize that wisdom and knowledge must eventually lead to enlightened action and service. Mindfulness: The art of living mindfully is the practice of living in the present moment. It is the meditative technique of keeping one's consciousness alive to the present reality in the present moment. In short, it is the process and activity of cultivating awareness and restoring the mind to its original undistracted state. Echoing the Buddha The primary purpose of this chapter is to complete our account of the “Development of the Dhamma/Dharma ” by considering some of the ideas and teachings of two of the most popular (at least in the West) contemporary teachers of Buddhism – the Dalai Lama and Thich Nhat Hanh. In this chapter I want to show how their teachings and interpretations of Buddhist ideas echo the historical Buddha's teaching that it is our mind and our uses of it that determine how we see and understand our self, the world, and other things. The secondary purpose of this chapter is to complete my case for the claim that the Buddha's most basic teaching is concerned with our minds and our uses of it.
Abstract 5133: Targeting the eicosanoid 20-HETE suppresses pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis through regulation of inflammation

Pancreatic cancer incidence and death rates are on the rise. Most available therapies fail partly due to the uniquely inflammatory pancreatic tumor stromal compartment. Prolonged and unresolved inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer, yet the critical inflammatory mediators remain largely unknown. The role of lipid autacoids in pancreatic cancer, which are metabolites of arachidonic acid and other related fatty acids, has not been thoroughly studied. Among these, metabolites of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases and ω-hydroxylases, including EETs and 20-HETE, respectively, have been mostly neglected in cancer. We previously showed that epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) stimulate multi-organ metastasis and tumor dormancy escape. Here we show that elevated levels of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), a product of ω-hydroxylases of the CYP4A/F subfamilies, stimulated pancreatic primary tumor growth and metastasis. We measured 20-HETE and other lipid autacoids via LC/MS/MS in multiple cell lines and found that 20-HETE was produced primarily by pancreatic cancer cells, which express the 20-HETE generating enzyme, CYP4F2. Overexpression of CYP4F2 and exogenous 20-HETE induced Ras activity in HEK293 cells or pancreatic cancer and macrophage cell lines, respectively. 20-HETE attracted human macrophages in vitro, while macrophage migration was reduced towards pancreatic cancer cells treated with an inhibitor of 20-HETE synthesis, HET0016. Inhibition of 20-HETE synthesis in human macrophages and pancreatic cancer cells decreased HB-EGF and M-CSF production. Systemic administration of 20-HETE promoted primary human and murine pancreatic tumor growth in subcutaneous and orthotopic murine models. Transgenic mice overexpressing 20-HETE (Tie2-CYP4F2 Tr) exhibited spontaneous liver and mediastinal lymph node metastasis following resection of subcutaneous primary pancreatic tumors, in contrast to wild type control mice. Targeting 20-HETE by HET0016 or siRNA towards CYP4F2 suppressed primary pancreatic tumor growth. Systemic treatment of orthotopic pancreatic tumors with HET0016, 14,15-EEZE, and gemcitabine regressed established pancreatic tumors and prolonged survival without overt toxicity. Thus, 20-HETE critically regulates Ras activation, inflammation, and pancreatic tumor growth and metastasis. Our studies offer a mechanistic rationale for pharmacologically targeting 20-HETE as a novel approach to treat pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Yael Gus-Brautbar, Julia Piwowarski, Jessica A. Casper, Diane R. Bielenberg, Jennifer Cheng, Birgitta Schmidt, Bruce D. Hammock, Darryl C. Zeldin, Mark W. Kieran, Dipak Panigrahy. Targeting the eicosanoid 20-HETE suppresses pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis through regulation of inflammation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 5133.
Beyond Disciplines: Providing Outreach to Underserved Groups by Demographic.

As more students, faculty, and staff from traditionally underrepresented groups enter universities and colleges, academic libraries must find ways to reach out to these groups in order to better meet their unique educational needs. In this article, librarians from two large public universities describe how they used data about their communities to determine which underserved groups might need additional outreach, and then marketed library tools and services to student veterans, students with disabilities, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) students.
Incorporation of Copper Into Superoxide Dismutase in Culture

Transport of trace metals to cells and enzymes may be thought to occur in three phases: (1) an extracellular phase dominated by a centralized protein or binding factor that conveys the metal to the cell, (2) a membrane phase characterized by a membrane receptor or carrier protein that mediates the transfer of the metal-bound complex or the free metal through the membrane, and (3) an intracellular phase in which the metal binds to its cognate metalloenzyme giving rise to a biologically functional component. In our work, we have been interested in all three phases as they constitute a coordinated delivery system for copper.
Repeat Imaging in Idiopathic Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis: Is It Necessary?

Objective:Imaging plays a critical role in the evaluation of patients presenting with unilateral vocal fold paresis or paralysis of unknown etiology. In those with idiopathic unilateral vocal fold paralysis (iUVFP), there is no consensus regarding the need or timing of repeat imaging. This study seeks to establish the rate of delayed detection of alternate etiologies for these patients to determine if and when imaging should be repeated.Methods:Retrospective chart review was conducted identifying patients at our institution with vocal fold movement impairment between 1998 and 2014. Idiopathic paralysis was diagnosed if physical examination, laryngoscopy, and initial imaging excluded a cause. Demographic data, length of follow-up, and the presence of late lesions were noted. Time to detection was plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results:Of 3210 patients reviewed, 207 had a diagnosis of iUVFP. Of these patients, 8 went on to develop alternate diagnoses, including pulmonary disease, skull-base and laryn...
A vertically integrated transport and media access protocol for Gbps local area networking

The author presents the issues relevant to the design of gigabit per second local area networks. He also presents a tokenless media access protocol called the SC Ring vertically integrated with a high performance transport protocol called Turbo Transport Protocol. The author also presents a performance comparison between the SC Ring media access protocol and three other widely used protocols. The performance of the media access level of the proposed protocol has been shown to be superior to existing popular protocols, particularly the token passing ring. >
Voluntary aerobic exercise increases arterial resilience and mitochondrial health with aging in mice

Mitochondrial dysregulation and associated excessive reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production is a key source of oxidative stress in aging arteries that reduces baseline function and may influence resilience (ability to withstand stress). We hypothesized that voluntary aerobic exercise would increase arterial resilience in old mice. An acute mitochondrial stressor (rotenone) caused greater (further) impairment in peak carotid EDD in old (~27 mo., OC, n=12; -32.5±-10.5%) versus young (~7 mo., YC n=11; -5.4±- 3.7%) control male mice, whereas arteries from young and old exercising (YVR n=10 and OVR n=11, 10-wk voluntary running; -0.8±-2.1% and -8.0±4.9%, respectively) mice were protected. Ex-vivo simulated Western diet (WD, high glucose and palmitate) caused greater impairment in EDD in OC (-28.5±8.6%) versus YC (-16.9±5.2%) and YVR (-15.3±2.3%), whereas OVR (-8.9±3.9%) were more resilient (not different versus YC). Simultaneous ex-vivo treatment with mitochondria-specific antioxidant MitoQ attenuated WD-induced impairments in YC and OC, but not YVR or OVR, suggesting that exercise improved resilience to mtROS-mediated stress. Exercise normalized age-related alterations in aortic mitochondrial protein markers PGC-1α, SIRT-3 and Fis1 and augmented cellular antioxidant and stress response proteins. Our results indicate that arterial aging is accompanied by reduced resilience and mitochondrial health, which are restored by voluntary aerobic exercise.
Computational Aspects of Orthogonal Polynomials

Our concern here is with computational methods for generating orthogonal polynomials and related quantities. We focus on the case where the underlying measure of integration is nonclassical. The main problem, then, is that of computing the coefficients in the basic recurrence relation satisfied by orthogonal polynomials. Two principal methods are considered, one based on modified moments, the other on inner product representations of the coefficients. The first method is the more economical one, but may be subject to ill-conditioning. A study is made of the underlying reasons for instability. The second method, suitably implemented, is more widely applicable, but less economical. A number of problem areas in the physical sciences and in applied mathematics are described where these methods find useful applications.
Toponym Disambiguation Using Events

Spatial information that grounds events geographically is often ambiguous, mainly because the same location name can be used in different states, countries, or continents. Spatial mentions, known as toponyms, must be disambiguated in order to understand many spatial relations within a document. Previous methods have utilized both "flat" and ontology-based ranking techniques to identify the correct reference. We argue that the use of location ontologies alone is not sufficient. Since toponyms are used in documents that refer to events grounded geographically, additional pragmatic knowledge can thus be used. To be able to identify the correct reference we enhanced ontology-based methods previously reported with techniques that consider the participants in events including people, organizations, and locations. Disambiguating geographical names over an ontology is cast as a probabilistic problem resolved by logistic regression. Our experimental results on the SpatialML corpus (Mani et al. 08) indicate that event structures do indeed play an important role in understanding toponyms.
Quantum Dot Thin-Films as Rugged, High-Performance Photocathodes.

Typical use of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) as bright, tunable phosphors in real applications relies on engineering of their surfaces to suppress the loss of excited carriers to surface trap states or to the surrounding medium. Here, we explore the utility of QDs in an application that actually exploits their propensity toward photoionization, namely within efficient and robust photocathodes for use in next-generation electron guns. In order to establish the relevance of QD films as photocathodes, we evaluate the efficiency of electron photoemission of films of a variety of compositions in a typical electron gun configuration. By quantifying photocurrent as a function of excitation photon energy, excitation intensity and pulse duration, we establish the role of hot electrons in photoemission within the multiphoton excitation regime. We also demonstrate the effect of QD structure and film deposition methods on efficiency, which suggests numerous pathways for further enhancements. Finally, we show that QD p...
Effects of Molecular Length on Nematic Mixtures — IV: Structure Effects on Viscosity of Ester Mixtures

The flow viscosity (η) of nematic ester mixtures is studied as a function of average molecular length (\(\bar L\)), chemical structure, and temperature. When \(\bar L\) is increased by use of longer alkyl end groups, the η of less polar mixtures increases while the η of more polar mixtures changes slightly or even decreases. However, when cybotactic nematic characteristics occur with increased \(\bar L\), then η increases sharply. Studies of η are made for eighteen different classes of ester structures used as additives in 4-alkoxyphenyl 4-alkylbenzoate (R0-R’) mixtures at fixed values of \(\bar L\) for both additive components and mixtures. Many interesting effects of structure on η are observed, and approximate class viscosities (ηclass) at 25°C are assigned to each of the 18 classes. The η25° of other ester mixtures is estimated by summing ηclass times the mole fraction of that class present in the mixture. These ηcalc values are generally within 10% of the actual η25° for multicomponent ester mixtures containing some RO-R’ components. Temperature variations often result in a non-linear plot for log η vs T-1 of ester mixtures. The apparent activation energy between 25° and 40°C generally increases strongly with the η of the mixture, ranging from 6.7 to 12.0 kcal/mole between η25° values of 16 and 188 cP.
Mechanism of the precipitation of the spinel from MgO-Al2O3 solid solutions

Abstract The recently reported crystalline solubility of Al2O3 in MgO was confirmed. Unit cell dimensions and densities were measured independently and the existence of a predominant cationvacancy model established for these crystalline solutions. The precipitation of the spinel was effected in the air at 1350° and 1100°C and studied by quantitative X-ray diffraction. The precipitation is a diffusion controlled process and the equation y = 1− exp [− ( t τ ) n ] fits the experimental results for y = 0.05 − 0.95. The exponent n was found to be very close to 3 2 , suggesting that under the experimental conditions the growing particles were approximately spheroidal. Electron probe investigations showed that the preferred sites for the nucleation and the precipitation of spinel were the grain boundaries and intergranular voids.
Predictors of treatment utilization and barriers to treatment utilization among individuals with lifetime cannabis use disorder in the United States.

Abstract Objective To present information on predictors of treatment utilization and barriers to treatment utilization among individuals with lifetime DSM-5 cannabis use disorder (CUD). Method Face-to-face survey of a representative sample of the adult US general population (n = 36,309). Results Treatment rates for CUD were low in this general population survey (13.7%). Severity of CUD and comorbidity of other lifetime drug use disorders were significant predictors of lifetime treatment utilization for CUD. Preference for self-reliance, minimizing problems, fear of stigma, and financial and structural issues were among the most frequently endorsed reasons for respondents not seeking treatment when they perceived the need for treatment among individuals with lifetime CUD, regardless of whether they eventually utilized treatment at some time in their lives. Conclusions Given the rising prevalence of CUD in the US over the past decade and currently low treatment rates for CUD, increased provision for services for CUD appears critically needed, especially those that screen for and treat, when present, other drug use disorders. Programs to reduce stigma and financial barriers are needed, as well as programs to increase awareness among the general public, health care professionals about the nature and seriousness of CUD, and the availability and effectiveness of treatment for this disorder.
Mediating the “Two-Worlds” Pitfall Through Critical, Project-Based Clinical Experiences

This article looks across two teacher education programs to review the tensions and benefits of critical, project-based (CPB) clinical experiences. The first study examines a project embedded withi...
Unpacking Memory Processes: Using the Attribute Model to Design Optimal Memory Tests for Rodent Models

An important consideration in the study of mouse models of any genetic disease is how well the behavior of the mouse serves to actually model the behaviors present in the clinical population being modeled. In order to optimally address this concern is to explicitly develop a behavioral endophenotype of the mouse model in which the mouse is explicitly tested using tasks rigorously designed to explicitly test the cognitive domains affected in the clinical population. To achieve this goal, it is important not only to apply standard behavioral tasks to mouse models of genetic disorders, but also to directly evaluate brain function across all cognitive domains. Furthermore, it is critical for behavioral genetics laboratories to interact with clinical research laboratories to develop comprehensive behavioral endophenotypes for the disorder being modeled. The strength of behavioral genetics and the mouse models is the ability to apply behavioral paradigms known to be subserved by known anatomical loci not only to determine the behavioral phenotype of the model, but also to elucidate candidate brain regions affected by the mutation. When research into mouse models of genetic disorders emphasizes patterns of mnemonic strengths and weaknesses across domains (i.e., the behavioral endophenotype), the results will not only directly model the disorder being studied, but also serve both as risk prodrome for disease onset or progression and as outcome measures that can be applied by the clinic in interventional studies.
Provocation of coronary spasm with ergonovine maleate: New test with results in 57 patients undergoing coronary arteriography☆

Ergonovine maleate (Ergotrate) was given to 57 patients undergoing coronary arteriography for investigation of angina occurring at rest or without provocation when routine study showed normal arteries or insufficient occlusive disease to explain their symptoms. This provocative test induced coronary arterial spasm in 13 patients, 10 of whom had definite Prinzmetal's angina. The spasm was easily reversed with sublingually administered nitroglycerin. The spasm was occlusive or nearly occlusive in nine patients, and there was associated reproduction of the chest pain and S-T elevation similar to the spontaneous episodes. One patient with Prinzmetal's angina had S-T depression rather than elevation in association with the chest pain. The other three patients without Prinzmetal's angina had focal narrowing without coronary occlusion, reproduction of the chest pain or electrocardiographic changes. Of the 44 patients who did not demonstrate coronary spasm in response to ergonovine, 29 had normal coronary arteries and 15 had various degrees of atherosclerotic occlusive disease. We conclude that cautious administration of ergonovine maleate during coronary arteriography can be safely used to elicit coronary spasm in some patients who have insufficient fixed occlusive disease to explain their symptoms.
NONENZYMIC GLYCATION OF HEMOGLOBIN: STRUCTURAL DETERMINANTS OF SITE SELECTIVITY

Publisher Summary There have been considerable efforts made in recent years to identify the structural factors of the proteins that could influence the site selectivity of nonenzymic glycation. The structural factors that endow the microenvironment of the glycation site the potential to catalyze the Amadori rearrangement may be arising from either the amino acid sequence (primary structure) or conformational (tertiary/quaternary) aspects of the protein. The factors that endow an aldimine to ketoamine isomerization potential to the glycation hot spots originate from the tertiary/quaternary structural factors of the protein. In an attempt to establish the contribution of such structural factors, the nonenzymic glycation of Lys-16(α) and Val-1 (α) has been now investigated in the α-chain and α(1–30). The choice of these two as nonenzymic glycation substrates is based on the fact that both of them contain the two nonenzymic glycation sites of Hb A, but α-chain is lacking the quaternary structural elements of Hb A and α(1–30) has lost both the quaternary and tertiary structural elements of the respective microenvironment. In all the three substrates, the primary structure around the respective glycation sites remains the same.
Abstract 3921: Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWNT)-COOH Mediate Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation

Background: The combination of the exquisite mechanical and electric properties of SWNT-COOH with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) provides a promising three-dimensional microenvironment for facilitating the use of MSC in tissue engineering. However, little is known about the impact of SWNT-COOH on MSC proliferation, differentiation and survival. Methods: Cell proliferation was measured by MTS assay, and differentiation of MSCs with and without SWNT-COOH in the presence of 5-azacytidine (5-aza) was analyzed using specific cardiac markers. Cell survival was studied by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. In addition, we traced the intracellular movement of SWNT on cellular ultra structure. The expression of Akt, Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase-9 was detected using Western blot analysis. Results: Proliferation of MSCs was significantly enhanced in the group with SWCNT-COOH present as compared to the vehicle control ( p A ). GATA4, an early marker of cardiac cell lineages, was observed when co-cultured MSC with SWCNT-COOH in the presence of 5-aza (p B ). SWNT-COOH promoted Akt phosphorylation in MSC and wortmannin (100 nM), an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, significantly suppressed BMS-induced Akt phosphorylation (Fig. 1 C ). In addition, the intracellular movement of SWNT-COOH and effects on cellular ultra structures were assessed. Conclusion : SWNT-COOH promoted MSC proliferation, differentiation and enhanced cell survival via PI-3K/Akt signaling pathway.
New Insights on Amorphous Semiconductors from Studies of Hydrogenated a-Ge, a-Si, a-Si1-xGex and a-GaAs

The presence of hydrogen during the process of deposition of thin films of amorphous tetrahedrally-coordinated semiconductors—whether an “accidental” component as in the glow-discharge decomposition of SiH4 [1] or added deliberately to a sputtering plasma [2]—has become an accepted method of reducing the density of defect-related states in the pseudogap. It has been shown that the density of dangling bonds can be reduced by orders of magnitude and it is further supposed that the density of other types of defect (such as reconstructed weak bonds) may also be reduced. The success of the method has been clearly demonstrated for a-Si [1,2], a-Ge [2] and a-GaAs [3]. Nevertheless, there are quantitative differences between the results for a-Si:H and those for all of the other hydrogenated materials.
Characterization of Dyspnea in Lung Cancer Survivors Following Curative-Intent Therapy

Abstract Purpose Dyspnea is highly-prevalent in lung cancer survivors following curative-intent therapy. We aimed to identify clinical determinants of dyspnea and characterize its relationship with functional exercise capacity (EC). Methods In an analysis of data from a cross-sectional study of lung cancer survivors who completed curative-intent therapy for stage I-IIIA disease ≥1 month previously, we tested a thorough list of comorbidities, lung function, and lung cancer characteristics. We assessed dyspnea using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Lung Cancer Module 13 (LC13) and functional EC the six-minute walk. We verified results with the University of California San Diego Shortness of Breath Questionnaire (SOBQ). Results In 75 participants at a median of 12 months since completing treatment, the mean (SD) LC13-Dyspnea score was 35.3 (26.2); 60% had abnormally-high dyspnea. In multivariable linear regression analyses, significant clinical determinants of dyspnea were [β (95% confidence interval)]: psychiatric illness [−20.8 (−32.4, −9.09) for No/Yes], heart failure with reduced ejection fraction [−15.5 (−28.0, −2.97) for No/Yes], and forced expiratory volume in 1 second [−0.28 (−0.49, −0.06) for each % predicted]. Dyspnea was an independent predictor of functional EC [−1.54 (−2.43, −0.64) for each point]. These results were similar with the SOBQ. Conclusion We identified clinical determinants of dyspnea which have pathophysiological bases. Dyspnea was independently associated with functional EC. Behavioral interventions to promote exercise in lung cancer survivors following curative-intent therapy may need to also optimize medical therapy for cardiopulmonary and/or psychiatric disease and reduce dyspnea to be effective.
Are All Deep Learning Architectures Alike for Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound?: Evidence From a Cardiac Image Classification Model Suggests Otherwise

OBJECTIVES Little is known about optimal deep learning (DL) approaches for point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) applications. We compared 6 popular DL architectures for POCUS cardiac image classification to determine whether an optimal DL architecture exists for future DL algorithm development in POCUS. METHODS We trained 6 convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with a range of complexities and ages (AlexNet, VGG-16, VGG-19, ResNet50, DenseNet201, and Inception-v4). Each CNN was trained by using images of 5 typical POCUS cardiac views. Images were extracted from 225 publicly available deidentified POCUS cardiac videos. A total of 750,018 individual images were extracted, with 90% used for model training and 10% for cross-validation. The training time and accuracy achieved were tracked. A real-world test of the algorithms was performed on a set of 125 completely new cardiac images. Descriptive statistics, Pearson R values, and κ values were calculated for each CNN. RESULTS Accuracy ranged from 96% to 85.6% correct for the 6 CNNs. VGG-16, one of the oldest and simplest CNNs, performed best at 96% correct with 232 minutes to train (R = 0.97; κ = 0.95; P < .00001). The worst-performing CNN was the newer DenseNet201, with 85.6% accuracy and 429 minutes to train (R = 0.92; κ = 0.82; P < .00001). CONCLUSIONS Six common image classification DL algorithms showed considerable variability in their accuracy and training time when trained and tested on identical data, suggesting that not all will perform optimally for POCUS DL applications. Contrary to well-established accuracies for CNNs, more modern and deeper algorithms yielded poorer results.
Abstract TP273: Effect of Sex on Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell Death Pathways: Impact of Hypoxia and Diabetes

Diabetes exacerbates hemorrhagic transformation and worsens survival/recovery after ischemic stroke, especially in female patients. Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) are early targets i...
17 – Feedlot Disease1

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses about causes of illness and death in feedlot cattle. Pneumonia was the major disease and undoubtedly caused more economic losses than all other diseases combined. Upon necropsy it was found that the tracheas and lungs contained both pathogenic and nonpathogenic organisms with the majority of bacteria isolated being from the Pasteurella group followed by the mycoplasmas. Bullers among steer is fairly common and represents a considerable economic loss to the cattle feeder. Acidosis in cattle is usually characterized by loss of appetite, diarrhea, mucus in feces, dehydration, incoordination, and often death. It is generally accepted that acidosis is caused by excessive consumption of feeds rich in readily available carbohydrates. Management factors appear to affect the onset of acidosis in cattle which includes starting cattle on feed, changing diets, feeding high-energy diets, weather and season, and breed differences. The lactic acid accumulation in the rumen and subsequent absorption initiate several physiological conditions which establish that the acidosis syndrome is stasis of rumen motility, diarrhea and dehydration, and systemic acidosis. Unfortunately, animals which recover from acidosis may be plagued by other feedlot ailments. Polioencephalomalacia (PEM) is a condition in feedlot cattle which also seems to have its origin in lactic acidosis, in this condition, the cattle become dull and blindness often ensues. Shipping fever of cattle is a syndrome characterized by elevated body temperature, dypsnea, and pneumonia. Various universities and research stations have conducted extensive research and have proven the value of the high-level antibiotic-sulfa program treatment of new cattle.
Defect-based probabilistic fatigue life estimation model for an additively manufactured aluminum alloy

Abstract A probabilistic model to estimate the fatigue life of an additively manufactured material with polished surface was developed based on the statistical size distribution of grains and various manufacturing defects such as pores and unfused powder particles embedded in the microstructure. The probabilistic model includes the prospect of each microstructural feature to exist on the specimen surface and its potential impact on fatigue crack initiation through defect-grain interaction. The model was applied to as-built and peak-hardened Al-1.5Cu-0.8Sc-0.4Zr (wt.%) alloy developed by laser powder bed fusion. Bending fatigue experiments performed on both as-built and peak-hardened samples confirmed the trends predicted by the probabilistic model. The cumulative probability distribution plotted against fatigue life fitted well to a three-parameter Weibull distribution function. The indicator for the scatter in fatigue life from the Weibull fit suggested that peak hardening of the material narrowed fatigue life bounds. The probabilistic model was further used as a predictive tool to estimate fatigue life for a preferred microstructure with a lower pore number density and pore size.
Cultural Complexity As A Barrier To Shared Decision Making In Neonatal End Of Life Discussions.

Avoidance, insensitivity, and poor communication were among the most important parental stressors involved in end of life care of their infants. End of life care discussions are complex and nuanced, and often include much more depth than just the decision to withdraw support or alter goals of care. Barriers to effective communication must be thoroughly evaluated and considered prior to any end of life discussion. A female infant born at 37-week gestation to a nulliparous French speaking mother who recently migrated from Congo with sporadic prenatal care, was admitted to …
Asperity-based contact and static friction with provision for creep: A review

Abstract Recent advancements in biomedical, transportation and energy sectors have resulted in high demands for advanced materials with superior resistance to creep deformations. In particular, understanding contact and friction creep are vital in numerous applications such as implants, high-temperature turbines/engines, advanced automobiles, and trains as well as microelectromechanical switches. Contact area and friction coefficient, especially in applications involving high local loading, are significantly affected by creep and time-dependent deformation leading to components durability and performance deterioration. This paper first briefly reviews elastic-plastic asperity-based contact models due to their importance and inherent connection to contact and friction creep models. A survey on experimental and numerical approaches to model, quantify, and characterize creep influence on contact and frictional properties of metals and polymers is then provided in detail. The current state-of-the-art models for creeping contacts and friction are reviewed for different material properties, loading conditions, and holding times. In addition, a brief review of different methods to extract surface creep parameters, especially at elevated temperatures, is provided.
Structural Characterization, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Assay of Biogenically Synthesized Maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) Nanoparticles

Aims: The present study focused on the optical and morphological characterization, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the biogenically synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles. Methods: The preliminary phytochemical screening was done for the leaf extract of Annona reticulate L. The leaf extract and Ferrous Sulphate heptahydrate were used to synthesize the iron oxide nanoparticles under room temperature. The determination of antioxidant activity was done using DPPH free radical scavenging assay and the determination of antimicrobial activity using disc diffusion method. Results: The UV-visible spectra showed the sharp absorption peak at 278 nm. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy studies revealed the role of phytochemical constituents in the leaf extract for the iron oxide nanoparticles formation. X-ray diffraction pattern showed the presence of γ phase of Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed the moderately spherical morphology of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and Energy-dispersive X-ray peaks showed the presence of iron and oxygen in the synthesized nanoparticles. Particle size analysis showed that the synthesized γ-Fe2O3possessed an average size of 115.9 nm. Conclusion: The synthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles have potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.
THE NATURE AND RATE OF ALLUVIAL FAN AGGRADATION IN A HUMID TEMPERATE ENVIRONMENT, NORTHWEST WASHINGTON

Comparatively little is known about net aggradation on alluvial fans, despite fan construction wherever sediment-delivery rates from uplands exceed sediment-removal rates from receiving basins. In January 1983, 20 alluvial fans in the forested Cascade foothills, northwest Washington, experienced net aggradation in response to debris torrents and stream floods triggered by intense warm rains falling on antecedent snow. Five trenches were excavated to 5 m depth on the Mills Creek fan to place the 1983 event in temporal perspective. The deposits reflect normal streamflow, hyperconcentrated streamflow and debris torrent (flow) conditions. One trench revealed residues of 7 events since 1720 BP. Net rates of Holocene aggradation, based on sediments overlying late Pleistocene fluvioglacial deposits, average 0.42 m ka-1. Net rates for later Holocene time range from 2.17 m ka-1 since 1720 BP to 2.36 m ka-1 since 430 BP. These recent rates exceed the local value for the entire Holocene and rates for humid temperate...