cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-Lasting Insecticide Netting for Protecting Tree Stems from Attack by Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae).

Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are destructive wood-boring insects of horticultural trees. We evaluated long-lasting insecticide netting for protecting stems against ambrosia beetles. Container-grown eastern redbud, Cercis canadensis, trees were flood-stressed to induce ambrosia beetle attacks, and deltamethrin-treated netting was wrapped from the base of the stem vertically to the branch junction. Trees were deployed under field conditions in Ohio, Virginia, Tennessee, and Mississippi with the following treatments: (1) flooded tree; (2) flooded tree with untreated netting; (3) flooded tree with treated ‘standard mesh’ netting of 24 holes/cm2; (4) flooded tree with treated ‘fine mesh’ netting of 28 holes/cm2; and/or (5) non-flooded tree. Treated netting reduced attacks compared to untreated netting and/or unprotected trees in Mississippi in 2017, Ohio and Tennessee in 2018, and Virginia in 2017–2018. Inconsistent effects occurred in Mississippi in 2018. Fewer Anisandrus maiche, Xylosandrus germanus, and Xyleborinus saxesenii were dissected from trees deployed in Ohio protected with treated netting compared to untreated netting; trees deployed in other locations were not dissected. These results indicate long-lasting insecticide netting can provide some protection of trees from ambrosia beetle attacks.
Outcomes in a Case Series of Elderly Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhages in the Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial (BRAT)

Background Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is debilitating in elderly patients, but literature regarding this population is scarce, and clinical decision-making remains debated. Outcomes of elderly patients with aSAH stratified by age and clinical presentation were analyzed. Methods Patients treated for aSAH were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were trichotomized into a young cohort (aged 3 vs. ≤3, respectively) and poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score >2). Results Of 137 elderly patients, 121 had a 6-year follow-up. The >65-year-olds (75% [52/69]) were more likely to have poor functional outcomes than the 60 to 65-year-olds (48% [25/52]) (odds ratio, 3.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.5–7.1; P = 0.002). Among those with an HH score ≤3 at presentation (n = 90), the >65-year-old cohort had poorer outcomes than the 60 to 65-year-old cohort at 6-year follow-up (69% [35/51] vs. 36% [14/39], respectively; odds ratio, 3.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.6–9.4; P = 0.003). Among patients with an HH score >3, no statistically significant differences in functional outcome were observed between the >65-year-old (n = 18) and 60 to 65-year-old (n = 13) cohorts. Conclusions Elderly patients with aSAH are at high risk for poor functional outcomes. However, among those presenting with good HH scores, younger-elderly patients (aged 60–65 years) tend to fare better than older-elderly patients (aged >65 years). Elderly patients presenting with high-grade aSAH fare poorly regardless of age, which can inform clinical decision-making and prognostication.
Real-Time In-Situ Process Error Detection in Additive Manufacturing

The economic importance of additive manufacturing utilizing Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D-printers has been on the rise since key patents on crucial parts of the technology ran out in the early 2000s. Altough there have been major improvements in the materials and print quality of the printers used, the process is still prone towards various errors. At the same time almost none of the printers available use build in sensors to detect errors and react to their occurrence. This work outlines a monitoring system for FDM 3D-printers that is able to detect a multitude of severe and common errors through the use of optical consumer sensors. The system is able to detect layer shifts and stopped extrusion with a high accuracy. Furthermore additional sensors and error detection methods can be easily integrated through the modular structure of the presented system. To be able to handle multiple printer without the same amount of sensors, the sensor was added to the tool center point (TCP) of a robot.
FLIP: FLuorescence Imaging Pipeline for field-based chlorophyll fluorescence images

Abstract Photosynthesis is one of the most important biological reactions on earth providing oxygen and food for humanity. As global populations rise and arable land decreases, crops need to become more efficient at photosynthetic processes, particularly utilizing absorbed light energy. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging is a rapid, non-destructive measurement that can provide information on the efficiency of the light-dependent reactions and carbon reactions of photosynthesis. Over the years chlorophyll fluorescence imaging systems have been developed and improved to capture two critical measurements: minimum fluorescence ( F 0 ) and maximum fluorescence ( F M ). These systems have primarily been utilized in controlled chamber or greenhouse settings focused at the single leaf or small plant level. To improve plant photosynthesis, fluorescence imaging data needs to be obtained from field-grown plants to capture canopy spatial effects. Previously developed software to extract F 0 and F M from controlled, leaf level images do not capture the complexity of the light-dependent reactions from field-grown plants. New software is needed that accounts for the canopy spatial effects from images of field-grown plants. FLIP: fluorescence imaging pipeline, was designed specifically for the TERR-REF field scanalyzer located at the University of Arizona’s Maricopa Agricultural Center located in Maricopa, Arizona but could be adapted for other field deployed fluorescence imaging systems. FLIP utilizes open source tools to convert binary images, apply a multi-threshold to extract the fluorescence data from the plant canopy, calculate photosynthetic efficiency, and assign those values to the appropriate experimental plot.
Recovery of Male Hypogonadism Following Successful Treatment of Prolactinoma: The Experience of an Integrated Health Network

Background: Hypogonadism is the most prevalent deficiency in male patients with prolactinomas (PrL). The recovery rates of hypogonadism (HGo) following treatment of PrL is variable and can be as high as 62%. In this study we aimed to identify predictors of HGo recovery in mean with PrL. We hypothesized that younger and leaner men and smaller tumor size predict HGo recovery after successful PrL treatment. We also hypothesized that higher baseline serum T predicts HGo recovery. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the electronic medical records of adult males with a diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia or PrL who were treated at Allegheny Health Network (Pittsburgh, PA) between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2019. Serum prolactin and testosterone (T) levels, and pituitary tumor size (microadenoma <10mm, macroadenoma 10-39mm, or giant adenoma ≥ 40 mm) on MRI scan at diagnosis and up to 2 years follow up were analyzed. HGo was defined as serum T below reference range at diagnosis. HGo recovery was defined as total T in the reference range within 2 years from PrL treatment onset in the absence of T replacement. Results: We screened 215 male patients who met initial search criteria. Of the 37 subjects who met eligibility criteria, 26 had HGo while 11 had normal serum T (Fig 1). Mean age of men with HGo was 44.6 ± 13.7 years (range 21 – 64). Median serum prolactin at diagnosis was 283.5 ng/mL (range 31-14,830), and mean serum T was 167.07 ± 61.12 ng/dL. Median tumor (max) diameter was 17.5 mm (range 4-81mm). Of the included 26 patients 20 (77%) achieved normal prolactin with therapy after a median of 5 months. Only 10 of the 26 men with HGo (38.5%) attained recovery of HGo following treatment of PrL, and the mean time to recovery was 8.8 ± 6.9 months. HGo recovery was predictably more common in persons with microadenoma (n=6) while none of patients with giant Prl achieved HGo recovery. Baseline serum prolactin and T levels and baseline tumor size predicted subsequent HGo recovery, while age did not. Baseline serum prolactin was lower in men whose HGo recovered (median = 105 ng/mL, IQR = 202) than in men who did not (median = 931 ng/mL, IQR = 3714); p = 0.014. Baseline serum T was higher in men who attained HGo recovery (173.2 ± 59.6) than in men who failed to do so (103.1 ± 85.9); p = 0.03. Mean tumor size was significantly smaller in men who attained HGo recovery (max diam: 9.8 ± 5.5 mm) than in men who did not (31.8 ± 20.3 mm); p = .003. There were no statistically significant differences between men categorized by remission status with respect to age (p = .367) nor weight at the time of diagnosis (p = .591). Conclusion: In this retrospective study of 26 males with PrL and low T at presentation, 38.5% achieved HGo recovery. Lower baseline serum prolactin, smaller tumor size and higher baseline T predicted recovery of HGo, while presenting age and weight did not. This study was limited by its retrospective nature and small sample size.
OpenSHMEM Checker - A Clang Based Static Checker for OpenSHMEM

Compilers are generally not aware of the semantics of library-based parallel programming models such as MPI and OpenSHMEM, and hence are unable to detect programming errors related to their use. To alleviate this issue, we developed a custom static checker for OpenSHMEM programs based on LLVM’s Clang Static Analyzer framework (CSA). We leverage the Symbolic Execution engine of the core Static Analyzer framework and its path-sensitive analysis to check for bugs on all OpenSHMEM program paths. We have identified common programming mistakes in OpenSHMEM programs that are detectable at compile-time and provided checks for them in the analyzer. They cover: utilization of the right type of memory (private vs. symmetric memory); safe/synchronized access to program data in the presence of asynchronous, one-sided communication; and double-free of memories allocated using OpenSHMEM memory allocation routines. Our experimental analysis showed that the static checker successfully detects bugs in OpenSHMEM code.
A single-session behavioral protocol for successful event-related potential recording in children with neurodevelopmental disorders

Event-related potentials (ERPs) are an ideal tool for measuring neural responses in a wide range of participants, including children diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). However, due to perceived barriers regarding participant compliance, much of this work has excluded children with low IQ and/or reduced adaptive functioning, significant anxiety symptoms, and/or sensory processing difficulties, including heterogeneous samples of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and children with fragile X syndrome (FXS). We have developed a behavioral support protocol designed to obtain high-quality ERP data from children in a single session. Using this approach, ERP data were successfully collected from participants with ASD, FXS, and typical development (TD). Higher success rates were observed for children with ASD and TD than children with FXS. Unique clinical-behavioral characteristics were associated with successful data collection across these groups. Higher chronological age, nonverbal mental age, and receptive language skills were associated with a greater number of valid trials completed in children with ASD. In contrast, higher language ability, lower autism severity, increased anxiety, and increased sensory hyperresponsivity were associated with a greater number of valid trials completed in children with FXS. This work indicates that a "one-size-fits-all" approach cannot be taken to ERP research on children with NDDs, but that a single-session paradigm is feasible and is intended to promote increased representation of children with NDDs in neuroscience research through development of ERP methods that support inclusion of diverse and representative samples.
Diastolic Properties of the Left Ventricle

As early as the 2nd century, Galen hypothesized that active dilatation of the right ventricle contributed to the transfer of blood from the vena cava to the heart; by implication, he suggested that diastolic suction was a determinant of ventricular filling [1]. Over a thousand years later, Harvey [2] wrote that most of ventricular filling occurred during atrial systole and indicated that active diastolic suction could not be responsible for ventricular filling. In 1877, Francois-Franck [3] concluded that most filling occurred in early diastole, and shortly thereafter Henderson [4] separated diastole into three phases consisting of a period of rapid filling, followed by diastasis, during which there was little change in volume, and finally atrial systole. By 1921, Wiggers and Katz presented data that indicated wide variations in the contribution of atrial systole; they noted that the importance of atrial systole depended on the timing and the strength of atrial contraction and the extent to which the ventricle had already filled [5]. It is now generally recognized that both early diastolic “suction” and atrial contraction can and do contribute to ventricular filling and that substantial alterations in the pattern of early or late filling can be seen in diseased hearts. Although our knowledge of diastolic events has increased substantially in recent years, the nature and significance of altered patterns of ventricular filling in diseased ventricles remain incompletely understood.
Implementation of nanodiamond field emission microelectronic integrated devices and circuits

This article reviews recent development of the vertically configured vacuum field emission integrated devices utilizing nanodiamond microtip emitters and their further implementation into circuits. The device design, fabrication and characterization of the nanodiamond vacuum field emission functional devices including transistor and triode are discussed. The realization of the basic circuit building block - differential amplifier - is also reported, indicating the feasibility of vacuum-based ICs. These developments provide a promising method for accomplishing vacuum-based microelectronics.
THE ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE IN PHOTOCHEMISTRY.

Abstract : The gas phase chemistry of nitric oxide is reviewed for reactions of importance below about 300 C. Included are reactions of vibrationally and electronically excited NO and the reactions of NO with stable molecules, electronically excited molecules, atoms, ions, and radicals. The fate of nitroso compounds is also discussed. (Author)
Exact and Efficient Verification of Parameterized Cache Coherence Protocols

We propose new, tractably (in some cases provably) efficient algorithmic methods for exact (sound and complete) parameterized reasoning about cache coherence protocols. For reasoning about general snoopy cache protocols, we introduce the guarded broadcast protocols model and show how an abstract history graph construction can be used to reason about safety properties for this framework. Although the worst case size of the abstract history graph can be exponential in the size of the transition diagram of the given protocol, the actual size is small for standard cache protocols as is evidenced by our experimental results. The framework can handle all 8 of the cache protocols in [19] as well as their split-transaction versions. We next identify a framework called initialized broadcast protocols suitable for reasoning about invalidation-based snoopy cache protocols and show how to reduce reasoning about such systems with an arbitrary number of caches to a system with at most 7 caches. This yields a provably polynomial time algorithm for the parameterized verification of invalidation based snoopy protocols. Our results apply to both safety and liveness properties. Finally, we present a methodology for reducing parameterized reasoning about directory based protocols to snoopy protocols, thus leveraging techniques developed for verifying snoopy protocols to directory based ones, which are typically are much harder to reason about. We demonstrate by reducing reasoning about a directory based protocol suggested by German [17] to the ESI snoopy protocol, a modification of the MSI snoopy protocol.
Use of K-means clustering for spectrum efficiency in complex networks

In this work the problem of spectrum efficiency in wireless networks over aeronautical channels is studied and a solution by combining direct communications (LOS) and cooperative networking is proposed. In aeronautical communications due to large scale communication paths and sudden changes in the channel topology, extra measures needs to be taken to accommodate reliable and continuous communication for the flying articles. High ground speed of the mobile nodes is also another factor which needs to be accounted for in the network design. The proposed network management technique is dynamic in all senses and ensures connectivity at any given time.
First Amendment Decisions - 2002 Term

Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.tourolaw.edu/lawreview Part of the Civil Law Commons, Civil Procedure Commons, Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Communications Law Commons, Conflict of Laws Commons, Constitutional Law Commons, First Amendment Commons, Law and Society Commons, Public Law and Legal Theory Commons, Rule of Law Commons, and the Social Welfare Law Commons
Environmental Protection and Optimal Taxation

Struck by the fact that economists did not have a plausible model for why emissions standards, and mandated technologies, play a dominant role in pollution control, the author sought answers to two questions: 1) Should one stimulate emissions reductions by firms, and households, rich and poor, in the same way? 2) How should one combine instruments that make activities cleaner, with instruments that shift the economy toward less-polluting activities? Using clean air as an example of a pure public good, he shows the role of emissions taxes, or such surrogate instruments, as emissions standards, and presumptive Pigouvian taxes. To illustrate the combination of demand management, and technical controls, he computes a marginal cost curve for emissions reductions in the form of cleaner cars, and fuels. And he estimates a demand model for cars, and driving. The result: under the assumption that revenue, and re-distributive transfers bear no premia, the cost of reducing pollution in Mexico City increases forty four percent if an emissions standards program is used, and the presumptive Pigouvian tax on gasoline is not. The important finding, as costly redistribution, and revenue generation are introduced, is that this influences the general scheme of taxation (in well-known ways), and it influences the conditions for optimal environmental quality in accordance with Pigou's conjecture. However, it does not change, or invalidate the rankings of technologies, and interventions on the control cost curve, nor does it change the role of demand management in environmental protection.
The Preparation of Cyclohept‐4‐Enones by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular [5+2] Cycloaddition

Chlorodicarbonylrhodium dimer N-Propargylphthalimide 1,2-Dichloroethane 1-(2-Methoxyethoxy)-1-vinylcyclopropane Keywords: cyclohept-4-enones; rhodium-catalyzed intermolecular [5+2] cycloaddition; vinylcyclopropanes (VCPs); π-components
A web-based participatory GIS (PGIS) for offshore wind farm suitability within Lake Erie, Ohio

This study presents the design and implementation of a web-based Participatory Geographic Information System (PGIS) framework intended for offshore wind suitability analysis. The PGIS prototype presented here integrates GIS and decision-making tools that are intended to involve different stakeholders and the public for solving complex planning problems and building consensus. Public involvement from the early planning stage of projects with a spatial nature is very important for future legitimacy and acceptance of these projects. Therefore, developing and executing a system that facilitates effective public involvement for resolving contentious issues can help in fostering long-lasting agreements. The prototype here is a distributed and asynchronous PGIS that combines a discussion forum, a mapping tool and a decision tool. The potential strengths and benefits of this PGIS are demonstrated in a hypothetical case study in Lake Erie, northern Ohio. In the hypothetical case study, participants evaluate the importance of three decision alternatives using different evaluation criteria for expressing their individual preferences. The individual preferences are aggregated by Borda Count (BC) method for generating the group solution, which is used for synthesizing the different evaluation aspects such as the importance of criteria, ranking of the decision alternatives and planning issues related to environmental and socio-economic concerns from the participants.
Impacts of foliar fungicides on infection of soybean by Phomopsis spp. in Iowa, USA

Abstract Fungicides pyraclostrobin (strobilurin) and tebuconazole (triazole) were applied to soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] at growth stages R3, R5 or R3 + R5, in 2008 and 2009 at two locations in Iowa. Incidence of infection of stems and seeds by Phomopsis spp. was evaluated, along with yield and seed quality. Stem infection by Phomopsis spp. was reduced in both years by pyraclostrobin applied at R3 + R5, and in 2008 by pyraclostrobin at R5, by approximately three-fold compared to the untreated control. In 2009, treatments including applications of tebuconazole at R3 and pyraclostrobin at R5 significantly reduced infection of seed by Phomopsis spp., by approximately two-fold compared to the untreated control. Only the application of pyraclostrobin at R3 + R5 reduced both stem and seed infection by Phomopsis spp. in 2009. None of the treatments had a significant effect on yield, or seed quality, evaluated by warm and cold germination tests. Seed infection by Phomopsis spp. was negatively correlated with seed quality. Fungicides applied at these growth stages can have an impact on infection by Phomopsis spp., but their effectiveness varies with environment and disease intensity.
The Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism

To the Editor. — In Dr Bone's1editorial accompanying the publication of the PIOPED study inJAMA,2the algorithm for the workup of a patient with a clinically suspected pulmonary embolism and hypoxemia mandates a pulmonary angiogram in patients with a high-probability ventilation/perfusion scan if a noninvasive study (impedance plethysmography or duplex ultrasound) yields normal results. Although it is intriguing to speculate on how results from these other noninvasive tests should modify our triage of patients, there is no evidence suggesting that all these patients require an angiogram. The PIOPED study has shown that a high-probability scan has a sensitivity and specificity of 41% and 97%, respectively, which for a population with a prevalence of pulmonary embolism of 33% (about average for the literature) corresponds to a positive predictive value of 88% for pulmonary embolism (or 91% for patients with no history of prior pulmonary embolism). Certainly, an
Prevention of rat mammary carcinoma utilizing leuprolide as an equivalent to oophorectomy.

A clinical trial is currently under way to examine the effectiveness of leuprolide as a breast cancer chemopreventive agent and contraceptive. This trial, as well as similar proposed studies, is based on the assumption that leuprolide is as effective as surgical castration in preventing the onset of mammary tumors; however, this has not been well documented in the DMBA animal model. We directly compared leuprolide and oophorectomy in this model and examined a combined therapy of leuprolide/bromocriptine. Twenty-seven day old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into one of eight groups. All rats received a 20-mg dose of DMBA at the age of 55 days. Group 1 (n=10), no treatment; Group 2 (n=9), leuprolide (100 μg/kg/day) for eight weeks beginning four weeks prior to DMBA; Group 3 (n=10), oophorectomy four weeks prior to DMBA with replacement estrogen beginning four weeks following DMBA. Estrogen replacement was achieved with a 0.05-mg estradiol tablet releasing 0.833 μg/day over a 60-day period. Group 4 (n=10), leuprolide (100 μg/kg/day) initiated two weeks prior to DMBA and continuing for two weeks following DMBA; Group 5 (n=9), oophorectomy two weeks prior to DMBA with 0.05 mg of estradiol in depot form, releasing 0.833 μg/day, beginning four weeks following DMBA and continuing until week 16 of the study; Group 6 (n=10), leuprolide (100 μg/kg/day) beginning two weeks prior to DMBA and continuing for the duration of the experiment; Group 7 (n=10), leuprolide (100 μg/kg/day) for eight weeks beginning two weeks prior to DMBA; Group 8 (n=9), leuprolide (100 μg/kg/day) and bromocriptine (83 μg/day) for eight weeks beginning two weeks prior to DMBA. At nineteen weeks (15 weeks post DMBA), animals were sacrificed and autopsies performed. One hundred percent of untreated animals developed tumors. No animals undergoing oophorectomy four weeks prior to DMBA or receiving leuprolide four weeks prior to and simultaneously with DMBA developed tumors. In animals pretreated two weeks prior to DMBA with leuprolide or oophorectomy, each group had one animal with tumor development. No tumors developed in the animals receiving ongoing injections of leuprolide. However, one tumor developed in those receiving leuprolide for the first eight weeks beginning two weeks prior to DMBA administration. One animal receiving both leuprolide and bromocriptine developed one tumor. We conclude that chemical oophorectomy (with leuprolide) is as effective as surgical oophorectomy in inhibiting DMBA induced carcinogenesis.
Changes in Nutritive Value of Bermudagrass Hay during Storage

Relatively little is known about storage of wet (>200 g kg -1 moisture) bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] hay. Our objective was to assess the changes in nutritive value of bermudagrass hay as a function of hay moisture, storage time, and spontaneous heating. Greenfield' bermudagrass was grown on a Pickwick silt loam soil (fine-silty, mixed, semiactive, thermic Typic Paleudult) and packaged in conventional rectangular bales at 219, 265, and 302 g kg -1 moisture [low-moisture (LM), medium-moisture (MM), and high-moisture (HM) bales, respectively]. Concentrations of most fiber and fiber-associated N components increased (P 200 g kg -1 moisture deteriorates during storage, and the greatest deterioration occurs during the first 12 d after baling.
Numerous Syringomas of the Forehead

Un cas chez une femme de 49 ans presentant depuis 22 ans de nombreuses papiles asymptomatiques du front. Une biopsie montre l'aspect de syringome
A New Approach to Grow Strain-Free GaAs on Si

The major problems of the GaAs/Si heteroepitaxy are the high density of threading dislocations and the high residual strain in the GaAs epilayers. The residual strain in the epilayer is attributed to the difference in contraction during cooling down from the growth temperature. It was reported previously that the residual stress in GaAs epilayer could be reduced by reducing the growth area using substrate patterning. In this paper, we report a new approach to grow strain-free GaAs layer on Si substrates. The residual strain in GaAs/Si is tensile in nature, therefore we attempted to compensate this thermally induced strain by compressive lattice mismatched strain. The thermally induced strain in the GaAs layer was successfully compensated by the lattice-mismatch induced strain using In0.032Ga0.968As. By that method, we could grow thin strain- free GaAs layers on Si without patterning. The strain relieving effect was confirmed by photoluminescence experiment.
A Comparative Study of NOx Computation Methods Coupled to Quasi-Dimensional Models in SI Engines

Quasi-dimensional models are widely used in the design, development and analyses of automotive engines. Various phenomenological and empirical relations are used in these models to reduce the computational load compared to multi-dimensional models. These quasi-dimensional models have also been used to calculate NOx, soot and HCs using various reduced chemistry/simplified models. The extended Zeldovich mechanism is widely used for finite-rate NOx computations in these quasi-dimensional models. However, there are several simplifying assumptions in the rate equation used for the NOx computations. This paper compares the traditional method of finite-rate NOx computations with full finite-rate chemistry without the simplifying assumptions used in the former method. NOx formation in a stationary engine is studied using a single zone and two-zone (burned and unburned zone) using a 6-reaction, 7-species model. A detailed comparison of the two methods of NO computation is presented. Analyses of the temporal variation of NO predicted using these two approaches is also presented.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Two cases of anomalous origin of LAD from right coronary artery requiring coronary artery bypass

We experienced two cases with anomalous origin of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) from the proximal right coronary artery requiring coronary artery bypass grafting. A 66-yr old female with a long history of angina and a positive stress test had the anomalous artery coursing anterior to the right ventricular outflow tract. A 42-yr old male with worsening angina after an anteroseptal myocardial infarction had the anomalous artery running between the great vessels. Both patients underwent left internal mammary artery-to-LAD bypass on the beating heart with complete resolution of ischemic symptoms. Isolated coronary artery anomaly is an uncommon disease (0.6-1.2%) in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. An anomalous origin of the LAD from the proximal right coronary artery (RCA) or the right sinus of Valsalva (RSV) is very rare, found in 1.2-6.1% of all coronary anomalies. This coronary anomaly has been considered potentially serious but functionally unimportant. We report two cases of anomalous LAD from the proximal RCA resulting in anterior wall ischemia which was effectively treated by coronary artery bypass surgery.
Career management tactical innovations and successful interorganizational transitions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the major variables that should be studied when exploring the relationship of innovations in career management tactics and successful or unsuccessful interorganizational transitions.Design/methodology/approach – This study takes a conceptual stance, using the careers and diffusion of innovation literature to identify the major variables.Findings – Two innovations and two major refinements in career management tactics suggested by contemporary career concepts are identified, personal criteria for transition success are described, and likely barriers to accepting these tactical innovations are hypothesized. Other factors likely to affect transition success are also revealed by analyzing a conceptual model of interorganizational transition success.Originality/value – The paper introduces the idea that the use of new career management tactics might be related to interorganizational transition success or the lack of it. It proposes one method of developing qua...
The Spokane Heart Study: Weibull regression and coronary artery disease

Coronary artery calcium is a marker of coronary artery disease and measures the progression of atherosclerosis. It is measured by electron beam computed tomography, and the measured amount of coronary artery calcium is highly skewed to the right and left censored. The distribution of coronary artery calcium appears to be Weibull. We propose a Weibull regression model and we analyze the data using these techniques. Our analysis is based on data from the Spokane Heart Study, which is a cohort of about a thousand subjects that are assessed every two years for coronary artery calcium and risk factors of coronary artery disease. The major focus of the heart study is to determine the natural history of atherosclerosis in its early phase, and we analyze the data as a cross-sectional study with 859 subjects. We would also like to highlight the use of Weibull regression techniques in situations like this, where we have extreme right skewed data. Our main emphasis will be on examining the effect of the traditional ...
Spatially Resolved Measurements of Thermal Stresses by Picosecond Time-Domain Probe Beam Deflection

Measurements of thermally induced strains with micron-scale lateral spatial resolution, picosecond time resolution, and sub-picometer vertical sensitivity are achieved using a newly developed experimental method, time-domain probe beam defection (TD-PBD). TD-PBD is a pump-probe optical technique that combines an ultrafast laser oscillator as the light source, high frequency (10 MHz) modulation of the pump beam, and a wide range of time delays (0–4 ns) between the pump and probe. Deflections of the probe beam are measured by a position sensitive detector and an rf lockin amplifier. The beam-deflection data are analyzed using a detailed model of heat transport and thermally generated stresses and strains. Comparisons between the model and the data enable quantitative measurements of the coefficient of thermal expansion with a spatial resolution of 4 µm.
The discipline of real cells

Abstract Cellular manufacturing (CM) has received strong endorsement as an innovation that enhances quality, throughput time, inventory turnover, workflow, space utilization, and flexibility [Nyman, L. (Ed.), 1992. Making Manufacturing Cells Work. Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI.]. However, definitions of what truly is meant by the term `manufacturing cell' vary somewhat among academics and to a large extent among practitioners [Shafer S.M., Meredith, J.M., Marsh, R.F., 1995. Omega 23(4), 361–376.]. These discrepancies can make it difficult to compare the results of studies focused on measuring the effectiveness of cells. It is our position that some of the confusion in the field derives from an assumption that a cell is simply a layout—nothing more—leaving room for numerous approaches to cell design and operation. Our goal in writing this paper is to suggest a more comprehensive perspective. Based on our ongoing field research and an exploration of the literature, we propose an underlying theory to describe the discipline necessary for effective cell operation. We differentiate real cells from other types of cells based on the presence of key linkages. In a real cell, work tasks and those who perform them are connected in terms of time, space and information. Of these linking mechanisms, which represent the core of the cell discipline, information appears to be the most significant determinant of effectiveness. Additionally, we emphasize that cell operators are central to the discipline, underscoring our position that a cell is more than an arrangement of equipment. Factors such as multi-skilling, reduced set-up times, small transfer batch size, and the presence of visual controls serve as enablers that strengthen the discipline, but are not fundamental to our theoretical definition. Configurations not adhering to the discipline of time, space, and information may be classified as latent or virtual cells, and may be expected to perform at levels less than those of real cells. Although our theory of cell discipline is grounded in observational study, its potential robustness will be confirmed most appropriately through carefully designed and executed field experiments.
Citicoline did not improve recovery at 90 days after moderate-to-severe acute ischemic stroke

Source Citation Davalos A, Alvarez-Sabin J, Castillo J, et al; International Citicoline Trial on acUte Stroke trial investigators (ICTUS). Citicoline in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke: an ...
A neuromorphic controller with a human teacher

Trainable adaptive controllers (TACs) are a subset of process controllers in which much of the design is done online by means of training rather than programming. The authors show how a neural-network-based architecture may be used to implement a general-purpose TAC. An example of controlling a cart-pole system (an inverted pendulum mounted on a cart) is provided. It is found that filtering of the human-teacher training data, using a dynamic model of the teacher, significantly improves the neuromorphic TAC's performance. >
Genome Evolution: How Sister Genes Grow Apart

As genomes evolve, proteins with novel functions arise primarily from gene duplication and divergence events. A new study identifies several molecular mechanisms by which related transcription factors diverge over time to control new sets of target genes and novel cellular functions.
Compliance and the patient's perspective: controlling symptoms in everyday life

Non-compliance with medical advice is poorly understood. Most of the existing literature considers the problem only from the doctor's point of view. We undertook a diachronic, qualitative study of the illness experiences of 19 women to try to understand non-compliance from the patient's perspective. Three-fourths of our study group had ceased to follow their doctor's recommendations by four months post-diagnosis. Their non-compliance could not be explained by the fact that the women held understandings of their illnesses which were incongruent with their physician's; nor were they unable to understand the diagnosis they received. A consideration of the roles that their diagnosis and treatments played in their daily lives proved more useful in explaining their failure to follow physicians' recommendations. Patients' use of treatments reflected their desire to control symptoms within the constraints of their daily routines.
Timing Equilibria in an Urban Model with Congestion

Abstract All spatial urban models with congestion assume that the departure (arrival) time of commutes is exogenously determined and assume that travel speed at a given time and location depends upon the traffic density at that point in time and space. This paper presents a framework that encompasses such models, but allows workers to choose the time at which they leave home (arrive at work). This paper then proves that in general only one equilibrium exists for urban models with traditional congestion technology: a commuting pattern in which commuting is continuous and the rush hour never ends, which is unrepresentative of traffic patterns anywhere. This paper concludes by discussing alternative general equilibrium urban models with congestion that may have more realistic equilibria.
The association between BMI and plasma cytokine levels in patients with acute lung injury.

Obesity is a major epidemic in the United States and is associated with increased morbidity related to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and asthma.1,2 These morbidities are thought to result, in part, from the production of pathogenic mediators by adipose tissue. Adipose tissue in the individual who is obese produces multiple proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-8. Elevated levels of these cytokines in patients who are obese have been linked to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and insulin resistance, and it is believed they may have systemic effects mediating many of the other medical complications of obesity.1,3-7 Thus, obesity represents a chronic inflammatory state. Acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome, are characterized by an overexuberant inflammatory response in the lung associated with and perhaps driven by elevated plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines.8 Previous clinical investigations have demonstrated an association between increased mortality and high circulating levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in ALI.9-13 Such an association is also seen with biomarkers of epithelial injury (surfactant protein D [SP-D]) and vascular injury (soluble intracellular adhesion molecule [sICAM] and von Willebrand factor [vWF]), as well as disordered coagulation (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 [PAI 1] and protein C).14-18 Because many of these same inflammatory cytokines are elevated at baseline in individuals who are obese,19 one might anticipate that individuals who are obese would have more severe lung injury and worse clinical outcomes from ALI. However, prior studies of patients with ALI have reported that mortality does not increase, and may even be lower with increasing BMI.20-22 Thus, an apparent paradox exists that patients who are obese, who manifest a proinflammatory state with increased circulating cytokines in their normal state, do not have increased mortality in the setting of critical illness with ALI, which is a condition driven, at least in part, by a proinflammatory cytokine milieu. Given this paradox in patients with ALI, we hypothesized that one of the following scenarios may be occurring: (1) increasing BMI is associated with decreased levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines, (2) increasing BMI is associated with more rapid attenuation of cytokine release during the course of ALI, or (3) BMI alters the relationship between baseline cytokine levels and mortality and morbidity from ALI. In order to address these hypotheses and to examine the effects of obesity on other biomarkers associated with outcomes in ALI, we analyzed data from prior National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network (ARDSNet) clinical trials in ALI because they present a large, well-characterized patient population with plasma biomarker measurements (at enrollment and Day 3) and information on outcomes from ALI.
Comparison of drug distribution images from whole-body thin tissue sections obtained using desorption electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and autoradiography.

Desorption electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (DESI-MS/MS) and whole-body autoradiography (WBA) were used for chemical imaging of whole-body thin tissue sections of mice intravenously dosed with propranolol (7.5 mg/kg). DESI-MS/MS imaging utilized selected reaction monitoring detection performed on an AB/MDS SCIEX 4000 QTRAP mass spectrometer equipped with a prototype extended length particle discriminator interface. Propranolol images of the tissue sections using DESI-MS/MS were obtained at surface scan rates of 0.1, 0.5, 2, and 7 mm/s. Although signal decreased with increasing scan rate, useful whole-body images for propranolol were obtained from the tissues even at 7 mm/s, which required just 79 min of analysis time. Attempts to detect and image the distribution of the known propranolol metabolites were unsuccessful. Regions of the tissue sections showing the most radioactivity from WBA sections were excised and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with radiochemical ...
Poetic signs, critical frames: Nima Yushij as a theoretician of poetry

(1994). Poetic signs, critical frames: Nima Yushij as a theoretician of poetry. Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies: Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 35-50.
Minimal simplices inscribed in a convex body

Measuring how far a convex body $$\mathcal{K }$$ (of dimension $$n$$ ) with a base point $${O}\in \,\text{ int }\,\mathcal{K }$$ is from an inscribed simplex $$\Delta \ni {O}$$ in “minimal” position, the interior point $${O}$$ can display regular or singular behavior. If $${O}$$ is a regular point then the $$n+1$$ chords emanating from the vertices of $$\Delta $$ and meeting at $${O}$$ are affine diameters, chords ending in pairs of parallel hyperplanes supporting $$\mathcal{K }$$ . At a singular point $${O}$$ the minimal simplex $$\Delta $$ degenerates. In general, singular points tend to cluster near the boundary of $$\mathcal{K }$$ . As connection to a number of difficult and unsolved problems about affine diameters shows, regular points are elusive, often non-existent. The first result of this paper uses Klee’s fundamental inequality for the critical ratio and the dimension of the critical set to obtain a general existence for regular points in a convex body with large distortion (Theorem A). This, in various specific settings, gives information about the structure of the set of regular and singular points (Theorem B). At the other extreme when regular points are in abundance, a detailed study of examples leads to the conjecture that the simplices are the only convex bodies with no singular points. The second and main result of this paper is to prove this conjecture in two different settings, when (1) $$\mathcal{K }$$ has a flat point on its boundary, or (2) $$\mathcal{K }$$ has $$n$$ isolated extremal points (Theorem C).
The Schizosaccharomyces pombe checkpoint kinases Chk1 and Cds1 are important for cell survival in response to cisplatin.

Background DNA damage checkpoints insure that the integrity of genomic DNA is faithfully maintained throughout the eukaryotic cell cycle. In the presence of damaged DNA, checkpoints are triggered to delay cell cycle progression to allow for DNA repair. In fission yeast, the kinases Chk1 and Cds1 are major components of these DNA damage checkpoint pathways. Both Chk1 and Cds1 are important for viability in the presence of several DNA damaging agents. In this study we hypothesized that Chk1 and Cds1 play a vital role in fission yeast cells ability to survive exposure to the DNA damaging agent cisplatin. Cisplatin is a potent chemotherapeutic drug that interacts with DNA and causes both inter- and intra-strand DNA cross-links. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we demonstrated that treatment with cisplatin in fission yeast causes a Chk1-dependent DNA damage signal. chk1− cells were sensitive to cisplatin and Chk1 was phosphorylated in response to cisplatin treatment. We also showed that a Chk1-dependent DNA damage checkpoint pathway is activated in a dose-dependent fashion in cells challenged with cisplatin. Furthermore the Cds1 checkpoint kinase was also important for viability in cisplatin challenged cells. In cds1− cells, cisplatin treatment reduced cell viability and this phenotype was exacerbated in a chk1−/cds1− background. Conclusions/Significance Thus, we conclude that the concerted effort of both major checkpoint kinases in fission yeast, Chk1 and Cds1, protect cells from cisplatin induced DNA damage. These observations are significant because they suggest that various classes of inter-strand crosslinking agents may generate slightly different lesions as work by others did not observe loss of viability in cds1− cells treated with other crosslinking agents like nitrogen mustard.
Competitive advantage on the World Wide Web: a webmaster's guide

As the importance of the World Wide Web continues to grow, firms are seeking innovative ways to leverage the technology for competitive advantage. Firms are implementing web-based systems for internal and external information dissemination and for digital interactivity, including commerce. This paper highlights some of these uses of the web and addresses managerial and technical considerations when initiating a web site project, both on the server side and client side of the web. The focus is on issues related to cost and control considerations, technical factors, security, web page design guidelines, standards, browser selection, and legal issues. This paper may serve as a guide to managers who seek to set up shop along the information superhighway.