cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Zebrafish as a New Tool in Heart Preservation Research.

Heart transplantation became a reality at the end of the 1960s as a life-saving option for patients with end-stage heart failure. Static cold storage (SCS) at 4–6 °C has remained the standard for heart preservation for decades. However, SCS only allows for short-term storage that precludes optimal matching programs, requires emergency surgeries, and results in the unnecessary discard of organs. Among the alternatives seeking to extend ex vivo lifespan and mitigate the shortage of organs are sub-zero or machine perfusion modalities. Sub-zero approaches aim to prolong cold ischemia tolerance by deepening metabolic stasis, while machine perfusion aims to support metabolism through the continuous delivery of oxygen and nutrients. Each of these approaches hold promise; however, complex barriers must be overcome before their potential can be fully realized. We suggest that one barrier facing all experimental efforts to extend ex vivo lifespan are limited research tools. Mammalian models are usually the first choice due to translational aspects, yet experimentation can be restricted by expertise, time, and resources. Instead, there are instances when smaller vertebrate models, like the zebrafish, could fill critical experimental gaps in the field. Taken together, this review provides a summary of the current gold standard for heart preservation as well as new technologies in ex vivo lifespan extension. Furthermore, we describe how existing tools in zebrafish research, including isolated organ, cell specific and functional assays, as well as molecular tools, could complement and elevate heart preservation research.
A Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Academy Socialization on Police Integrity

The objective of this study was to examine changes in American recruits’ perceptions of the seriousness of behaviors related to police integrity from the beginning to the end of their academy train...
Current and Emerging Treatments for Methamphetamine-use Disorder

Almost two decades have passed since the last methamphetamine (METH) abuse epidemic. In recent years, METH abuse in the US has been rapidly increasing and is currently one of the leading causes of death in our country. Available statistical data indicates re-emergence of METH popularity and suggest an impending third epidemic of METH abuse. Alarmingly, there is no FDA- approved medication for METH use disorder (MUD). This disorder is currently treated with behavioral therapies; however, these therapies have limitations and would benefit from the addition of a MUD pharmacotherapy. Unfortunately, clinical trials have not yet found consistently effective pharmacotherapy for MUD. This review outlines the history of METH use, provides information on current prevalence of METH abuse and MUD, describes medications that have been in clinical trials for MUD, and addresses current as well as potential new treatments for MUD.
An Assessment of the Quality of Pharmaceutical Companies in China and India related to FDA Inspections

For some time an assessment of the Quality of pharmaceutical inspections particularly in China has yet to be addressed. This study examines records of inspections that took place in China and India in 2019. Inspection scores in China and India were below average in 2019 which leads one to believe there needs to be an increase in the quality of inspections in these locations leading to a positive outcome.
Labor Supply Effects of the Interaction between the Social Security Disability and Retirement Programs at Full Retirement Age

The Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) program imposes strong work restrictions on beneficiaries; however, the causal effect of the work disincentives on labor supply has been difficult to estimate. We take a new look at this question by exploiting the fact that DI benefits are payable only until full retirement age (FRA), at which point they are converted to retired worker benefits, and the program's implicit high marginal tax rate on earnings is abruptly relaxed. Using a quasi-experimental research design, we examine whether the DI work disincentives are binding by comparing changes in labor force participation rates before and after the FRA for DI beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. We find a relative increase in labor force participation at FRA for DI beneficiaries of 10.4 percentage points, and argue that this is likely a lower bound estimate on the labor supply disincentive effects of the DI program.
Coordinated convergecast in wireless sensor networks

Convergecast is a common communication pattern across many sensor network applications featuring data-flows from many different source nodes to a single sink node during a very short time window. Convergecast in wireless ad hoc network requires proper coordination among the nodes to avoid high packet collision rates near the sink node. A coordinated convergecast framework for achieving high convergecast reliability has been developed. In this paper, we extend this framework and study the effectiveness of packet aggregation and duplication within this framework. We analyze the performance of the coordination strategies via simulation and show the tradeoffs among reliability, latency, and throughput. We also compare a set of coordinated convergecast strategies with the existing routing strategy designed and implemented for a real-world application
Application of feedforward and adaptive feedback control to semiconductor device manufacturing

A feedforward and adaptive feedback control methodology is developed and experimentally applied to several different processes commonly used in the fabrication of semiconductor integrated circuit devices. A circular parallel-plate capacitor with a glass (SiO/sub 2/) dielectric is manufactured on silicon wafers to illustrate the use of these control strategies in the processes of silicon oxidation, aluminum metallization, lithography, and aluminum etching. The goal is to maintain a constant capacitance value on a run to run basis regardless of disturbances or modeling errors in the processes.
Heterogeneity of human red blood cell membrane: co-existence of heavy and light membranes.

The exact chemical composition of the red blood cell (RBC) membrane may vary depending on the methods used to isolate the membrane. We provide evidence here that RBC membrane can be fractionated by differential centrifugation and/or density gradient centrifugation into two distinct types, designated as ‘heavy membrane’ (HM) and ‘light membrane’ (LM). The amount of LM is twice that of HM on a per cell basis. HM and LM differ in some biochemical and electrophoretic properties. The total activities of Na+, K+- and Ca2+-ATPases, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase are significantly higher in LM than HM on a per cell basis. While there is no significant difference in the specific activity of other enzymes between the two membranes, the specific activity of CA2+- ATPase is significantly higher in HM, whereas Na+, K+-ATPase activity is higher in LM. There is a remarkable difference in the distribution of major ghost polypeptides between these two membranes. Component I of spectrin, component III and a protein with mol. wt. of 165 KDa are present in smaller amounts, whereas component II of spectrin and proteins with mol. wt. of 145, 84 and 76 KDa, respectively, are present in higher amounts in HM than LM. Some proteins such as band 4.1,48 and 46 KDa are present only in LM, whereas some proteins with mol. wt. of 96,78 and 43 KDa, respectively are present only in HM. It has been confirmed that these two membranes are not representatives of either (a) right side-out vs. inside out vesicles, or (b) open vs. sealed membranes. Thus HM and LM are two distinct membrane fractions. It is suggested that some part of the membrane is denser than other parts, and during hemolysis of RBCs, the rbc membrane is spliced resulting in two populations, dense and light. ((Mol Cell Biochem 196: 141-149, 1999)
Studies on the Uptake of Hexose Phosphates II. THE INDUCTION OF THE GLUCOSE 6-PHOSPHATE TRANSPORT SYSTEM BY EXOGENOUS BUT NOT BY ENDOGENOUSLY FORMED GLUCOSE 6-PHOSPHATE

Abstract An Escherichia coli mutant, DF2000, accumulates up to 0.06 m glucose 6-phosphate when supplied glucose. This extremely large concentration of intracellular glucose 6-phosphate does not serve to induce the active transport of this ester. However, if the medium is then supplemented with only 5 x 10-4 m glucose 6-phosphate the transport system is induced. Thus, it appears that exogenous glucose 6-phosphate acts as an inducer but the endogenously formed ester is unable to do so. The ester accumulated by glucose-treated cells was isolated and purified. It proved to be an effective inducer of glucose 6-phosphate transport. The transport system for glucose 6-phosphate allows this ester to accumulate until the intracellular concentration is 20-fold greater than the concentration in the medium. When glucose-treated cells containing 0.06 m glucose 6-phosphate are induced for transport with 5 x 10-4 m ester the initial concentration ratio is 120:1. Consequently, glucose 6-phosphate exits from the newly induced cells until a concentration ratio of 20:1 is established. Accumulation of glucose 6-phosphate by cells of the mutant given glucose results in growth stasis. This toxic effect is reduced or prevented by inducing levels of glucose 6-phosphate in the medium.
Books, Banks and Bullets: Controlling Our Minds--The Global Project of Imperialistic and Militaristic Neo-Liberalism and Its Effect on Education Policy.

This article focuses on global trends in education policy during the current epoch of imperializing, militaristic, neo-liberal global capital. It is based on an analysis that global capital, in the form of dominant US multinational capital, together with its client governments, uses the repressive and ideological apparatuses of the state to advance its interests, and to marginalize, terrorize, weaken, or kill those who stand in its way. What we are seeing is class war from above - war by national and global capitalist classes against national and global working classes. The author identifies global and national characteristics of the ideological and repressive state apparatuses that impose (broadly neo-liberal) educational and wider social, cultural, economic, and fiscal policy as part of the hegemonic activity of US-led global neo-liberal capital. In particular, he examines the repression of critical thought and oppositional activity within the sites of teacher education, schooling, and university/higher education - the compression and repression of critical space in education today.
Direction finding of GPS receiver interference based on the nulling weights

Most military applications of GPS require performing both jammer nulling and localization. While nulling can be achieved using adaptive gradient techniques applied to the input sampled data, high resolution direction of arrival estimation can precede using subspace and eigenstructure methods applied to the estimate of the covariance matrix. In this paper, we extract the jammer direction of arrival (DOA) information directly from the adaptive weights, in which case we assume interference nulling precedes interference localization. This high resolution DOA estimation approach based on available beamforming weight values leads to simplified receiver structure and allows a choice of IF or baseband processing as well as flexibility for analog, digital or mixed mode implementations.
Adaptive Truss Manipulator Space Crane Concept

An adaptive truss manipulator (ATM) space crane concept for in-space assembly and construction is described in this paper. The underlying mechanism of ATM operation is based on the geometric transformation of its constituent truss modules. In this paper, kinematic description of an ATM is based on the Jacobian matrix derived via the solution technique developed in truss structural analysis, i.e., "extended method of joints." The algorithm based oh this method is of computational complexity 0(m2) where m is the number of truss members in the ATM. Numerical simulations were performed to demonstrate the ATM's key features including deployment/retraction, articulation, and operation with bracing strategy. Such features, especially the bracing strategy, offer a great deal of potential in meeting the operational requirements of the in-space assembly and construction scenarios.
Between remembering and forgetting: Uruguayan military discourse about human rights (1976—2004):

This article investigates the Uruguayan military's argumentative narrative about the last dictatorship (1973—85) in order to understand how violations of human rights are explained and justified. Through a historical perspective the investigation traces the changes and permanence of certain representational and discursive practices that construct the memory of the period. The analysis shows how the military's argumentative narrative about the dictatorship is transformed in response to challenges from other social actors, in particular historical moments. This analysis demonstrates the dynamic, historical and discursive nature of collective memory. The article also highlights how the military as an institution deals with the effects of decisions and actions that challenge its presentation of self as a positive and moral institution of society.
Tissue Culture of Fetal Rat Islets: Corticosterone Promotes D Cell Maintenance and Function*

Fetal pancreatic islets were cultured using a recently described technique (1). After 1 day in culture, half of the plates were continued in control medium and half were grown in identical medium supplemented with corticosterone (0.1 μg/ml). Media were renewed daily, and culture was continued for a total of 8 days. Insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin contents in the media were determined daily. These hormones were also estimated in the tissue at the time of plating, and after 1 and 8 days in culture. Islets were fixed on day 8, and the cells containing each of these hormones were identified by immunocytochemical staining. Corticosterone supplementation of the medium resulted in a 3-fold increase in the somatostatin concentration of the medium. The insulin and glucagon contents of the supplemented medium were slightly reduced. On day 8, there was no difference in the insulin content of the cultured tissue regardless of medium. The glucagon and somatostatin contents of the tissue grown in the steroid-supple...
Crystal structure and aqueous solubility of ammonium D-glucarate

Abstract Ammonium d -glucarate, NH 4 (C 6 H 9 O 8 ) [ammonium d -saccharate, NH 4 –SAC], has been synthesized, and its crystal structure solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. NH 4 –SAC crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 2 1 (#4) with cell parameters a = 4.8350(4) A, b = 11.0477(8) A, c = 16.7268(12) A, β = 90.973(1)°, V = 894.34(12) A 3 , Z = 3. The structure was refined by full-matrix least-squares on F 2 yielding final R -values (all data) R 1 = 0.0353 and R w 2 = 0.0870. The structure consists of alternating (NH 4 ) + and (C 6 H 11 O 6 ) − layers parallel to the bc plane. An extended network of N–H⋯O SAC and O SAC –H⋯O SAC hydrogen bonds provide the 3-D connectivity. The aqueous solubility ( S w ) has been shown to be pH independent at ambient conditions within the range 4.5 S w = 2.19 M/L, whose value is about a factor of two lower than that of the ammonium isosaccharate analogue.
Normalized element value representation of filter networks

Abstract This paper presents a method of graphing the element values as contained in selected tabulations. The normalized value of reactive elements of selected low pass Chebyshev filters are plotted on the LC plane and analyzed. The result is a family of loci in the LC plane that adequately serves to complement the numerical tables, and provides a distinctive signature as well.
Transferrin receptor targeting nanomedicine delivering wild-type p53 gene sensitizes pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine therapy

To overcome gene therapy barriers such as low transfection efficiency and nonspecific delivery, liposomal nanoparticles targeted by a single-chain antibody fragment to the transferrin receptor (TfRscFv) delivering wild-type (wt) human p53 (SGT-53) were developed for tumor-specific targeting. We hypothesize that SGT-53 in combination with gemcitabine will demonstrate enhanced therapeutic benefit in an in vivo metastatic pancreatic cancer model. Intrasplenic injection of 1 × 10(6) Panc02 murine pancreatic cancer cells was used to generate in vivo hepatic metastatic tumors. Nanoparticle localization was assessed by tail vein injection of TfRscFv with fluorescently labeled oligonucleotides (6-carboxyfluorescein phosphoramidite (6FAM) ODN) imaged by Xenogen IVIS 200 scan. SGT-53 (equivalent to 30 μg of p53 intravenously) and gemcitabine (20 mg/kg intraperitoneally) alone and in combination were administered biweekly and compared with untreated mice. Survival was determined by blinded daily assessment of morbidity. Human wtp53 expression and transferrin levels in the tumors were assessed by western blot analysis. Tumor burden was quantified by liver weight. Xenogen imaging demonstrated tumor-specific uptake of TfRscFv-6FAM ODN. Exogenous human wtp53 protein was detected in the SGT-53-treated tumors compared with control. Compared with untreated mice with metastatic tumors demonstrating median survival of 20 days, SGT-53, gemcitabine and the combination demonstrated improved median survival of 29, 30 and 37 days, respectively. The combination treatment prolonged median survival when compared with single drug treatment and decreased tumor burden. The tumor targeting liposomal-based SGT-53 nanoparticle is capable of sensitizing pancreatic cancer to conventional chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer models. This approach has the potential to be translated into a new, more effective therapy for pancreatic cancer. Further optimization is ongoing, moving towards a Phase 1B/2 clinical trial.
Neural stem cells: form and function.

Two reports demonstrate more convincingly than ever that progeny of adult hippocampal stem cells become functional neurons in vitro and integrate into existing circuitry in vivo.
Individual rights vs. social utility: The search for the golden zigzag between conflicting fundamental values

Since Bentham and Kant, there has been an ongoing conflict between utilitarian and rights-based philosophies of government. However, most discussions of either perspective have been in the form of an advocacy that aggrandizes the positive values of one side and denigrates the negative values of the opposing side. There has been very little systematic analysis of the values protected by utility or the values protected by rights. Nor has there been a systematic analysis of the relationship between these values. This article maps the values underlying the two perspectives, analyzes their relationships, and argues that the utility/rights conflict is an essential and potentially productive conflict because both utility and rights protect fundamental, but limited, values that are necessary for the achievement of justice. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the values underlying both utility and rights.
Role of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs versus cytotoxic agents in the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis.

Three trials with acyclovir in the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis in the same patient population are reviewed. In the first trial, oral acyclovir capsules, five times per day for five days, were shown to be of significant benefit for some parameters of cutaneous resolution in three successive episodes. Topical formulations were evaluated in two separate trials; 5 percent acyclovir in a modified aqueous cream base exhibited favorable trends, but 5 percent acyclovir in a polyethylene base was ineffective. A high dose of oral acyclovir may offer the most effective method of control of recurrent herpes labialis.
Temperatures and cooling rates recorded in REE in coexisting pyroxenes in ophiolitic and abyssal peridotites

Abstract Mantle peridotites from ophiolites are commonly interpreted as having mid-ocean ridge (MOR) or supra-subduction zone (SSZ) affinity. Recently, an REE-in-two-pyroxene thermometer was developed ( Liang et al., 2013 ) that has higher closure temperatures (designated as T REE ) than major element based two-pyroxene thermometers for mafic and ultramafic rocks that experienced cooling. The REE-in-two-pyroxene thermometer has the potential to extract meaningful cooling rates from ophiolitic peridotites and thus shed new light on the thermal history of the different tectonic regimes. We calculated T REE for available literature data from abyssal peridotites, subcontinental (SC) peridotites, and ophiolites around the world (Alps, Coast Range, Corsica, New Caledonia, Oman, Othris, Puerto Rico, Russia, and Turkey), and augmented the data with new measurements for peridotites from the Trinity and Josephine ophiolites and the Mariana trench. T REE are compared to major element based thermometers, including the two-pyroxene thermometer of Brey and Kohler (1990) ( T BKN ). Samples with SC affinity have T REE and T BKN in good agreement. Samples with MOR and SSZ affinity have near-solidus T REE but T BKN hundreds of degrees lower. Closure temperatures for REE and Fe–Mg in pyroxenes were calculated to compare cooling rates among abyssal peridotites, MOR ophiolites, and SSZ ophiolites. Abyssal peridotites appear to cool more rapidly than peridotites from most ophiolites. On average, SSZ ophiolites have lower closure temperatures than abyssal peridotites and many ophiolites with MOR affinity. We propose that these lower temperatures can be attributed to the residence time in the cooling oceanic lithosphere prior to obduction. MOR ophiolites define a continuum spanning cooling rates from SSZ ophiolites to abyssal peridotites. Consistent high closure temperatures for abyssal peridotites and the Oman and Corsica ophiolites suggests hydrothermal circulation and/or rapid cooling events (e.g., normal faulting, unroofing) control the late thermal histories of peridotites from transform faults and slow and fast spreading centers with or without a crustal section.
Bovine hepatic fructose 1,6-diphosphatase: purification and properties.

A four-step procedure is described for the purification of bovine hepatic fructose 1,6-diphosphatase. The purified enzyme appears to be homogeneous as judged by its sedimentation and electrophoretic behavior. Sucrose gradient centrifugation studies show that the purified enzyme migrates as a single protein component coincident with fructose 1,6-diphosphatase activity. The sedimentation coefficient is concentration-dependent yielding an extrapolated value of 7.61S for S 20,w . Molecular weight determination by sedimentation velocity yields a value of 133,000. Sedimentation equilibrium data indicate a molecular weight of 127,000. Gel electrophoresis and end-group analysis also support the conclusion that the enzyme is homogeneous.
Evaluation of diarrhea in the returned traveler.

Travelers’ diarrhea is exceedingly common with up to 46% of travelers affected, and it is not unusual for returned travelers to present with either acute or persistent diarrhea to primary care providers [1,2]. It is estimated that up to 10% of travelers have diarrhea that persists for more than 2 weeks, and 3% have diarrhea lasting more than 30 days [3]. The symptoms can be caused by infections ranging from different types of E coli to Cyclospora to HIV. Presentations can be confused by previous dietary interventions and by treatments with a variety of prescription and over-the-counter products of uncertain origin [2]. And while primary care providers must consider infectious etiologies when evaluating returned travelers, not all diarrhea is infectious in origin. How should a primary care physician respond to a patient who presents with diarrhea following exposures in another country? Travelers’ diarrhea is discussed in the article by Diemert elsewhere in this issue. Like the common travelers’ diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic E coli, viral gastroenteritis and food poisoning usually cause symptoms of only a few days’ duration. We offer an approach to the evaluation and management of the returned traveler with diarrhea that persists for more than 1 week. Primary care providers who face returned travelers with diarrhea can focus their evaluation on the response to four questions:
The economic aspects of railway electrification

AN industry valued at some nineteen billions of dollars, cannot be rt~thlessly tampered with and escape serious economic disturbance, especially when it is closely interwoven with our national prosperity. The story of our railway development is part of the written history of the country. It is, therefore, a matter of grave national concern to properly diagnose the true nature of the ailment affecting our transportation system and prescribe the treatment of greatest promise for its future recovery. To the great main lines binding East and West, North and South have been added branches reaching into new country and bringing more products to swell the ever-growing traffic of the parent stem or main line. Engines of greater power have tried to cope with the demands of an ever-increasing traffic and have been assisted by such improvements as heavier rails, automatic airbrake, grade revisions, block signals and better terminal facilities. Finally, however, when congestion on some main lines became too great with steam-engine operation, it was necessary to add second, or even a third or fourth pair of rails. The limitations of the steam engine are not so keenly felt upon branch or feeder lines with the infrequent small tonnage trains incident to this service. The congestion on main lines has, in many cases, however, become most acute, and it is under such conditions that the steam engine plainly imposes its limitations upon the physical and economic showing of a railway property. Appreciating the need of building new lines into new country to some limited extent, the big problem before us is to greatly improve the railway machine we have already created. We want cheaper and quicker transportation over existing tracks, more reliable service, less congestion at terminals and proper provision
Interlanguage and the pro-drop parameter

There is a relatively stable period in child L 1 acquisition during which surface subjects can be omitted. This period is also characterized by the absence of modals and expletives. With the emergence of modals and expletives, absent subjects disappear. This sequence has been attributed to the constraints of Universal Grammar (UG), a parameterized system with various settings depending on the language. The same sequence has also been observed in the interlanguage of a Spanish speaker learning English, suggesting that UG might also constrain interlanguages, and that a major part of L2 learning may be resetting the values of UG parameters.
Rearranged c-mos locus in a MOPC 21 murine myeloma cell line and its persistence in hybridomas

Studies of a number of normal and carcinogen-transformed murine cell lines, and a variety of murine tissues, have indicated that, in contrast to several other cellular oncogenes, the oncogene c-mos gene is usually transcriptionally silent1,2. The recent report by Rechavi et al.3 indicating that in the mouse myeloma XRPC24 originally induced by pristane (2,6,10-14-tetramethylpentadecane) the c-mos gene is rearranged and transcriptionally active, and that it can transform murine fibro-blasts in a transfection assay, is therefore of considerable interest. Here we show that the c-mos locus has undergone a similar rearrangement, and is also transcriptionally active, in the cell line P3-X63-Ag8-653, a derivative of the mouse myeloma MOPC 21 which was induced by mineral oil4,5. This line is widely used for making hybridomas that synthesize monoclonal antibodies6,7. We also demonstrate that the rearranged c-mos sequence is maintained in three different hybridomas derived by fusion of this cell line with normal murine spleen lymphocytes, suggesting that it may play a role in the continuous growth and/or constitutive immunoglobulin production by these hybridomas.
Investor Sentiment and Stock Returns

The author investigates the predictive power of investment newsletters and concludes that writers of investment newsletters do not seem to have any statistically significant ability, as a group, to forecast stock returns. Using statistical tools, the article shows that there is no discernable relationship between the forecasts made by newsletter writers as a group and stock market returns over four, twenty-six, or even fifty-two weeks. Statman then considers the questions of what makes forecasters turn bullish or bearish. He finds that they typically tend to “follow the tape” in the short term, but concludes that strong medium – to longer-term returns will lead forecasters both to become more bullish and to start anticipating some correction. Statman finally looks into the impact of more volatility on the propensity of forecasters to become more or less bullish, and concludes that high volatility does scare newsletter writers into bearishness.
Ertel's Potential Vorticity in Unstratified Turbulence

Abstract The evolution of Ertel's potential vorticity (PV) is examined in direct numerical simulations (DNS) of decaying turbulence advecting passive scalars and in a generalized Taylor-Green vortex (TGV). It is noted that although PV itself is advected as a passive scalar, its dissipation occurs over all scales and is not concentrated in the velocity or scalar dissipations range. Thus, attempts to invoke cascade arguments to infer an inertial range for PV variance are vitiated. Moreover, for the TGV it is noted that molecular dissipation can create PV from an initial state for which it is everywhere zero. For the random initial value problem, the DNS results suggest a simple characterization of PV dissipation, which implies that for isotropic turbulence (and small Prandtl numbers) PV decays roughly exponentially on a lime scale ∼ (L/Urms)Rλ½, L being the integral scale, urms the large rms velocity, and Rrms, the microscale Reynolds number. The statistics of PV are also examined, and it is noted that it i...
Behavioral responses of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) exposed to pulp mill effluents.

Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolts from the Chehalis River may encounter large discharges (>1.7x108 L/d) of pulp mill effluent during their downstream migration through Grays Harbor, Washington. Smolt survival is believed to be reduced by the impaired water quality resulting from effluent releases (Seiler 1989), and it is possible that the orientation behavior of young salmon could be disrupted by exposure to sublethal concentrations of these effluents (Sutterlin 1974).
Hypopigmented, Hyperkeratotic Macules in a Teenager

REPORT OF A CASE A 14-year-old girl presented with a 5-year history of light areas on the upper part of her arms and back and the lateral aspect of her cheeks. She stated that these areas were occasionally pruritic and that they appeared more prominent during the summer months. A brief trial of acyclovir was instituted, without resolution of the lesions. The patient denied any other skin problems. She reported a history of asthma but no other medical conditions. Physical examination revealed scattered 1- to 3-mm hypopigmented, hyperkeratotic macules. These were distributed across the lateral malar eminences, as well as across the upper part of the arms and back ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ). Several of the macules were atrophic with central hyperkeratotic dells. A 3-mm punch biopsy specimen was taken from the upper part of the right arm ( Figure 3 and Figure 4 ). What is your diagnosis?
A case report on the use of relaxation and systematic desensitization to control multiple compulsive behaviors

Abstract Ten compulsive behaviors were recorded by a client during 23 weeks of counseling. The frequency records indicated sizeable decreases in the behaviors following relaxation, with additional, smaller decreases following desensitization. Changes in the MMPI and Fear Survey Schedule corroborated the client's self report of improved functioning. The client's self rating on a check list, along with the MMPI and Fear Survey Schedule, 10 months after termination indicated that she had maintained her gains.
Tillage systems for cotton on Mississippi River Delta and loessial plains soils

Abstract With the economic need for conservation of fuel, equipment, time, and labor, reducing inputs becomes increasingly important. A field experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of cultural practices such as in‐the‐row subsoiling, reduced preplant tillage, and reduced post‐plant tillage on silt loams and clay soils of the Mississippi River Delta and loessial plains. The experiment was conducted at the same sites on four soils for five growing seasons. The yield response of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to these cultural practices was determined. Minimum seedbed preparation averaged two tillage trips less than conventional seedbed preparation and post‐plant mechanical cultivations averaged 3.3 trips each year. At harvest, no significant difference due to cultural practices were found with plant population, plant heights, or percent lint at first picking. Lint yield differences as influenced by seedbed preparation were nonsignificant. Post‐plant cultivation resulted in 100 kg/ha higher ...
Score vectors of tournaments

Abstract A tournament T on any set X is a dyadic relation such that for any x , y ∈ X (a) ( x , x ) ∉ T and (b) if x ≠ y then ( x , y ) ∈ T iff ( y , x ) ∉ T . The score vector of T is the cardinal valued function defined by R ( x ) = |{ y ∈ X : ( x , y ) ∈ T }|. We present theorems for infinite tournaments analogous to Landau's necessary and sufficient conditions that a vector be the score vector for some finite tournament. Included also is a new proof of Landau's theorem based on a simple application of the “marriage” theorem.
Defective leukocyte adenylate cyclase function in hypokalemia.

Patients with hypokalemia due to Bartter's syndrome show an increase in adrenergic nervous system function with significantly elevated plasma norepinephrine excretion. Prolonged exposure to neurotransmitters or hormones is known to lead to a down-regulation of target-cell responsiveness. We measured cyclic AMP generation by leukocytes in response to the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol and to prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) in six patients with Bartter's syndrome. As compared to normal controls, the response of cyclic AMP production by leukocytes to stimulation by 1-isoproterenol or PGE1 was significantly decreased. These results indicate that in Bartter's syndrome and probably in other diseases involving hypokalemia isoproterenol- and PGE1-sensitive adenylate cyclase activities of leukocytes are reduced. Because the effect of PGE1 on adenylate cyclase is not mediated through the specific β-adrenoceptor, it is possible that a defect in receptor-adenylate cyclase coupling or a more distal post-receptor defect is responsible for the reduction in cyclic AMP production.
Women psychologists within academic health systems: Mentorship and career advancement

Women are underrepresented on the faculties and within the senior leadership ranks of academic health systems. Nevertheless, despite the continuing existence of career development challenges related to gender, it is possible for women to thrive professionally in these settings. Mentorship is extremely important, and it is argued that effective mentorship is facilitated by an understanding of both gender differences in social behaviors and the culture of academic health systems. Furthermore, a systems’ level emphasis on faculty diversity and the career development of women faculty is recommended.
X-ray observations of AM Herculis in its low state

AM Her was observed with the Einstein Imaging Proportional Counter during the low state of 1980 August. The light curve shows an eclipse at phi sub m = 0.0 similar to the one observed in the customary high state. The spectral distribution of the X-ray photons does not show any soft component. The IPC flux suggests that the intensity of the hard component in the low state is about one-tenth of the intensity of the hard component during the high state, similar to the variation in the optical magnitude. The comparison of the present data with a previous SAS 3 X-ray observation of AM Her in the low state suggests that the soft component is different in similar accretion regimes. The possibility that this component originates from reprocessing of the hard flux becomes then more unlikely.
Electron velocity distributions, fractional energy transfer, and collision rates for potential Na, NaHe, and NaXe electrically excited laser discharges

The Boltzmann transport equation including elastic, inelastic, ionization, electron‐electron, and electron‐ion interactions has been numerically solved to determine the electron velocity distribution, the fractional electron energy transfer, and the collision rates for potential Na, NaHe, and NaXe electrically excited laser discharges. Previously reported theoretical and experimental cross‐section data from the literature were used in the calculations. Na, like all of the alkali atoms, has a very large cross section (∼4×10−15 cm2) for electronic excitation of the first level (an allowed optical resonant n s→n p transition). This value greatly exceeds all other low‐energy inelastic cross sections for both the Na and the He and/or Xe buffer gases. Such a combination of cross sections enables the input electron energy to be very efficiently transferred to the potential upper laser level, Na(3 P). The computed distribution functions are shown to be strongly non‐Maxwellian and exhibit an energy variation indicative of this large resonant cross section in Na. Using the electron energy conservation equation reveals that indeed the electronic excitation of the Na first level dominates the electron energy exchange processes for the Na and the Na He/Xe mixtures. For example, in pure Na 100% of the electron energy is transferred to the Na(3 P) state in the E/N range 5×10−16 to 5×10−15 V cm2. In both the NaHe (1:99) and the NaXe (1:7600) mixtures, over 90% of the electron energy is transferred to this same Na(3 P) level in the E/N range of 5×1017 to 4×10−16 and (1.2–7) ×10−17 V cm2, respectively. At the second Na electronic level, 4P, electron energy transfer is down from that of the Na(3 P) by nearly three orders of magnitude for all of the mixtures. For the optimum values of E/N as cited above the mean electron energy for the Na, NaHe, and NaXe mixture lies in the range 0.6–1.4, 0.92–2.4, and 1.2–2.7 eV, respectively. Also, the normalized collision rates, ν/N (cm3 sec−1), for the Na(3 P) level are shown to have a value approximately 10–100 times that calculated for the normalized vibrational excitation rates of CO and CO2 laser discharges. These high pumping rates are a direct result of the large resonant transition cross section and give these systems excellent potential for high‐power high‐efficiency cw laser operation. Other discharge transport properties, like drift velocities and characteristicsenergies, are presented. Electron‐electron interactions have negligible effects on the ’’tail’’ of distribution for partial ionization ratios, n e /N, values up to 10−3 due to the large Na(3 P) inelastic cross. The results and their generalizations to all the alkali systems along with recommended cross‐section data needed are discussed.
Graphite Nanoplatelet−Epoxy Composite Thermal Interface Materials

Natural graphite was intercalated, thermally exfoliated, and dispersed in acetone to prepare graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs, Gn) of controlled aspect ratio. Thermal conductivity measurements indicate that few graphene layer Gn, where n ∼ 4, with a thickness of ∼2 nm function as a very efficient filler for epoxy composites. When embedded in an epoxy matrix, the G4 GNPs provide a thermal conductivity enhancement of more than 3000% (loading of ∼25 vol %), and a thermal conductivity κ = 6.44 W/mK, which surpasses the performance of conventional fillers that require a loading of ∼70 vol % to achieve these values. We attribute the outstanding thermal properties of this material to a favorable combination of the high aspect ratio, two-dimensional geometry, stiffness, and low thermal interface resistance of the GNPs.
Unsupervised event coreference resolution

The task of event coreference resolution plays a critical role in many natural language processing applications such as information extraction, question answering, and topic detection and tracking. In this article, we describe a new class of unsupervised, nonparametric Bayesian models with the purpose of probabilistically inferring coreference clusters of event mentions from a collection of unlabeled documents. In order to infer these clusters, we automatically extract various lexical, syntactic, and semantic features for each event mention from the document collection. Extracting a rich set of features for each event mention allows us to cast event coreference resolution as the task of grouping together the mentions that share the same features they have the same participating entities, share the same location, happen at the same time, etc.. Some of the most important challenges posed by the resolution of event coreference in an unsupervised way stem from a the choice of representing event mentions through a rich set of features and b the ability of modeling events described both within the same document and across multiple documents. Our first unsupervised model that addresses these challenges is a generalization of the hierarchical Dirichlet process. This new extension presents the hierarchical Dirichlet process's ability to capture the uncertainty regarding the number of clustering components and, additionally, takes into account any finite number of features associated with each event mention. Furthermore, to overcome some of the limitations of this extension, we devised a new hybrid model, which combines an infinite latent class model with a discrete time series model. The main advantage of this hybrid model stands in its capability to automatically infer the number of features associated with each event mention from data and, at the same time, to perform an automatic selection of the most informative features for the task of event coreference. The evaluation performed for solving both within-and cross-document event coreference shows significant improvements of these models when compared against two baselines for this task.
Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of O3 with a series of cycloalkenes at 296 ± 2 K†

Using a relative rate method, rate constants for the gas phase reactions of O3 with 1- and 3-methylcyclopentene, 1-, 3-, and 4-methylcyclohexene, 1-methylcycloheptene, cis-cyclooctene, 1- and 3-methylcyclooctene, 1,3- and 1,5-cyclooctadiene, and 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene have been measured at 296 ± 2 K and atmospheric pressure of air. The rate constants obtained (in units of 10−18 cm3 molecule−1 s−1) are 1-methylcyclopentene, 832 ± 24; 3-methylcyclopentene, 334 ± 12; 1-methylcyclohexene, 146 ± 10; 3-methylcyclohexene, 55.3 ± 2.6; 4-methylcyclohexene, 73.1 ± 3.6; 1-methylcycloheptene, 930 ± 24; cis-cyclooctene, 386 ± 23; 1-methylcyclooctene, 1420 ± 100; 3-methylcyclooctene, 139 ± 9; cis,cis-1,3-cyclooctadiene, 20.0 ± 1.4; 1,5-cyclooctadiene, 152 ± 10; and 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene, 2.60 ± 0.19, where the indicated errors are two least-squares standard deviations and do not include the uncertainties in the rate constants for the reference alkenes (propene, 1-butene, cis-2-butene, trans-2-butene, 2-methyl-2-butene, and terpinolene). These rate data are compared with the few available literature data, and the effects of methyl substitution discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 37: 183–190, 2005
Isotactic poly(p-fluorostyrene): X-ray structure determination

Abstract Using as a starting point the atomic positions determined by potential energy calculations, the crystal structure of isotactic poly(p-fluorostyrene) has been determined from X-ray diffraction data. It is found that two chains having 4, helical conformations pack into a metrically orthorhombic unit cell with a = 17.6 A, b = 12.1 A, and c = 8.25 A (chain axis). Satisfactory agreement between the calculated and observed structure factors was obtained only when statistical variation of left- and right-handed parallel helices was considered.
An atypical bat thyroid extrafollicular cell.

An atypical extrafollicular cell observed in the connective tissue in thyroid glands of hibernating bats is described. The cells are characterized by a cell surface lined with evenly spaced pinocytotic vesicles and by a cytoplasmic matrix which contains many smooth surfaced vesicles and membranes. In many of the cells, the most distinctive cytological feature is the presence of a conspicuous intranuclear membranous component which reach a diameter in the range of 3–4 μ. The intranuclear system consists of closely packed smooth surfaced membranes which measure 1 000–5 000 A in length. The possible significance of the intranuclear tubular system is discussed in relation to other known intranuclear membranous units.
Learning models for a continuum of sensory states reexamined

Abstract Dorfman and Biderman evaluated an additive-operator learning model and some special cases of this model on data from a signal-detection experiment. They found that Kac's pure error-correction model gave the poorest fit of the special models when the predictions were generated from the maximum likelihood estimates and the initial cutoffs were set at an a priori value rather than estimated. First, this paper presents tests of an asymptotic theorem by Norman, which provide strong support for Kac's model. On the final 100 trials, every subject but one gave probability matching, and the response propcrtions appropriately normed were approximately normally distributed with variance π(1 − π). Further analyses of the Dorfman-Biderman data based upon maximum likelihood and likelihood-ratio tests suggest that Kac's model gives a relatively good, but imperfect fit to the data. Some possible explanations for the apparent contradiction between the results of these new analyses and the original findings of Dorfman and Biderman were explored. The investigations led to the proposal that there may be nonsystematic, random drifts in the decision criterion after correct responses as well as after errors. The hypothesis gives a minor modification of the conclusions from Norman's theorem for Kac's model. It gives asymptotic probability matching for every subject, but a larger asymptotic variance than π(1 − π), which agrees with the data. The paper also presents good Monte Carlo justification for the use of maximum likelihood and likelihood-ratio tests with these additive learning models. Results from Thomas' nonparametric test of error correction are presented, which are inconclusive. Computation of Thomas' p statistic on the Monte Carlo simulations showed that it is quite variable and insensitive to small deviations from error correction.