cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temperature-induced Variation in Larval Coloration in Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Abstract Color variation has been reported within many species of Lepidoptera, and may be important in larval thermoregulation. Researchers have reported seasonal melanization and lack of yellow pigmentation in monarch larvae (Danaus plexippus L.). While the latter results from a recessive autosomal mutation, the source of variation in larval melanization is unclear. We measured the proportion of black, white, and yellow coloration on monarch fifth instars when larvae were reared in warm (32–22°C), control (27–17°C), or cold (20–10°C) temperature treatments. We found that temperature had a significant effect on monarch larval coloration. Larvae reared in a cold environment had more black and less white and yellow pigment than those reared in a warm environment. Because coloration affects absorption of radiant energy, color variation in response to temperature may be an ectothermic adaptation to suboptimal thermal conditions.
Kinetic data structures in practice

Adding motion to geometric data structures creates a host of new computational issues. This thesis explores the issues encountered when using two different motion models---smooth, continuous motion of objects moving along algebraic trajectories and the discrete steps characteristic of physical simulations and optimization processes. The focus in this thesis is on how to perform the computations efficiently while maintaining exactness, rather than asymptotic complexity or other theoretical concerns. The work presented in this thesis has two main threads which correspond to the two motion models. The first thread concerns techniques for implementing kinetic data structures, a class of geometric data structures constructed on top of smoothly moving primitives. We developed a framework for kinetic data structures which was the first to support the necessary algebraic operations exactly in addition to providing a host of new tools for easing implementation and debugging. This framework has been incorporated into a software module that have been released as part of CGAL, the Computational Geometry Algorithms Library. The second thread looks at the problem of updating Delaunay triangulations, an important subproblem in a variety of simulations. After each step of the simulation, we have the Delaunay triangulation from the last time step and a perturbation of the underlying points as dictated by the computed forces. We need the Delaunay triangulation of the new, perturbed, points. We first present a kinetic data structures based update scheme that updates the prior triangulation to the desired one. This scheme, which required the development of several arithmetic filters, produces the desired triangulation significantly faster than computing it from scratch on a variety of real data sets. We then relax the kinetic data structure by processing events out of order, which results in a significantly faster update algorithm at the cost of occasional backtracking.
A 500 A device characterizer utilizing a pulsed-linear amplifier

With the advent of modern power semiconductor switching elements, the envelope defining “high power” is an ever increasing quantity. Characterization of these semiconductor power devices generally falls into two categories: switching, or transient characteristics, and static, or DC characteristics. With the increasing native voltage and current levels that modern power devices are capable of handling, characterization equipment meant to extract quasi-static IV curves has not kept pace, often leaving researchers with no other option than to construct ad hoc curve tracers from disparate pieces of equipment. In this paper, a dedicated 10 V, 500 A curve tracer was designed and constructed for use with state of the art high power semiconductor switching and control elements. The characterizer is a physically small, pulsed power system at the heart of which is a relatively high power linear amplifier operating in a switched manner in order to deliver well defined square voltage pulses. These actively shaped pulses are used to obtain device’s quasi-static DC characteristics accurately without causing any damage to the device tested. Voltage and current waveforms from each pulse are recorded simultaneously by two separate high-speed analog to digital converters and averaged over a specified interval to obtain points in the reconstructed IV graph.
Characterization of single cotton fibers using a laser diffraction system

The fineness and maturity of a cotton fiber is determined by its cross-sectional perimeter and area. However, measuring fiber cross-sectional perimeter and area is an extremely tedious and challenging task. This paper presents an alternative approach to measure fiber longitudinal width using Fraunhofer diffraction patterns, which can be used to estimate fiber fineness and maturity. We designed a laser diffraction system, developed a software program to denoise and process diffraction patterns, and tested the system on a uniform iron wire and individual cotton fibers from ten bales. The width of the iron wire measured by our system was 25.43 μm (0.1% different from the nominal value) with a 0.01 μm standard error of the mean. Cotton fiber width measured by the laser diffraction system could differentiate among ten cotton bales, which was in accordance with their relative differences in fineness. Linear regression analyses revealed that strong linear relationships exist between the fiber width and cross-sec...
Protective action of n-allylnormorphine against Demerol.

Summary(1) N-allylnormorphine in amounts of 10 mg/kg or more, if given within one minute after an LD 50 of Demerol, provides significant protection in mice. (2) If N-allylnormorphine is given 5 minutes after the LD 50 of Demerol, it provides little protection even if 20 mg/kg is given.
Recent advances in the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.

Purpose of review The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by recurrent thrombosis and/or obstetrical morbidity in the presence of persistently positive antiphospholipid antibodies. Recent insights into the pathogenesis of APS have begun to elucidate pathophysiology and led to the identification of potential therapeutic interventions. The objective of this review is to examine the advances in this field and highlight the areas of further investigation. Recent findings Several mechanisms of thrombosis and pregnancy loss in APS have been proposed. These include activation of endothelial cells, monocytes, and platelets, and/or inhibition of natural anticoagulant and fibrinolytic systems by antiphospholipid antibodies. However, in many cases the underlying molecular mechanisms and their relevance to the human disorder remain uncertain. New therapeutic agents such as statins, hydroxychloroquine, rituximab, complement inhibitors, and interventions aimed at disruption of intracellular signaling pathways have shown promise in preclinical and clinical studies. Summary Indefinite anticoagulation remains the mainstay of treatment for thrombotic APS. Despite advances in diagnostic techniques, it remains difficult to predict thrombotic risk in asymptomatic patients with antiphospholipid antibodies. Further mechanistic and clinical studies are needed to predict thrombotic risk and develop improved therapies for this devastating illness.
The use of common carotid waveform analysis in the diagnosis of carotid occlusive disease

Duplex scanning with spectral analysis of the pulsed Doppler signal are currently used to detect and classify disease at the carotid bifurcation. Although the sensitivity of the test exceeds 90%, the method has a lower specificity which ranges between 8 and 50%. The poor specificity is due to the difficulty in distinguishing flow disturbances normally present at the carotid bifurcation from those produced by minimal amount of disease. In order to improve the ability of the method to predict normalcy, new features measured from the low common carotid waveform are evaluated on 150 sides. The difference of frequency from the systolic peak (a) to the point of first zero slope after peak systole (b) was used to define the ratio (a-b)/a. A ratio greater than 0.5 was associated with 76% of the normal sides and only 7% of the diseased sides. A ratio below 0.5 was associated with 83% of the diseased sides. This ratio, when used alone, can improve the specificity of the method to 76%.
Proximal and Generalized Weakness

The evaluation of any form of weakness begins by defining its distribution. By examining 20 key muscle movements, 1 of 7 abnormal patterns of muscle weakness will emerge. From there, a localization can be confirmed by electrophysiologic testing (EMG and nerve conduction studies) and a specific diagnosis by laboratory testing. Proximal and generalized weaknesses are classically associated with myopathic disease, though these patterns may also be due to disorders of the neuromuscular junction, nerve, and motor neuron. Important categories of myopathy include inflammatory, toxic, dystrophic, and metabolic disorders. The neuromuscular junction disorders myasthenia gravis and Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome characteristically cause fatigable muscle weakness, and are responsive to immunosuppressive treatment and agents targeted to the neuromuscular junction. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy presents with proximal and distal weakness and areflexia, and responds to intravenous immunoglobulin or corticosteroids. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a disorder of motor neurons that initially produces focal weakness which eventually becomes generalized, and leads to respiratory dysfunction and death.
Exploring Learning and Teaching Profiles of Elementary Physical Educators in Different Contexts.

Teachers learn many of the teaching practices they use to survive and sustain their teaching careers within their school context. This study explored teaching practices and teachers' learning of their teaching practices among teachers in different contexts. A concurrent mixed-model research design was used to identify the teaching profiles of elementary physical educators at urban (n = 2) and suburban (n = 2) schools. Two instructional units of fourth grade physical education classes for each teacher (n lessons = 32) were observed and videotaped to collect qualitative (e.g., field notes, interview transcripts) and quantitative (ALT-PE and CLASS instruments) data. Comparative and descriptive analysis were used to analyze the data. One urban and two suburban school teachers showed similar teaching profiles: They scored 6â€“7 (high range) in two CLASS domains, used less management time (M = < 10%) in the ALT-PE, and considered learning an ongoing activity. In contrast to other participants, one urban teacher's profile was characterized by low scores in three CLASS domains, relatively high management time in the ALT-PE (M = 18% to 20%), and limited learning experiences during her teaching career. Urban teachers perceived their context as containing factors negative to teaching practices. However, findings of this study highlighted teachers' efforts to improve their teaching and learning.
Why Are Free Markets So Good

As we saw in chapter 1, one of the critical characteristics of the free market argument is its hypothesis that the market, if left alone, will generate socially desirable results. This hypothesis is supported by modern economic theorists, who have proven what have been called the Fundamental Theorems of Welfare Economics or the invisible hand theorems, which, in a restricted sense, prove Adam Smith’s assertions to be correct. But exactly what are the advantages of organizing society along free market lines? What is the advantage of leaving individuals alone to barter and trade? One answer would be that this type of economic organization is the only one consistent with individual freedom. Milton Friedman echoes this view in Capitalism and Freedom, where he points out that there has never been a politically free society that did not have a capitalist economic system. Hence, for ideological reasons we should have a vested interest in maintaining our free enterprise system.1 But there is a more fundamental economic reason why society should want its economy organized along the lines of the free market.
Lamotrigine-Associated Skin Rash

The risk factors and methods of minimizing the occurrence of serious rash during treatment with lamotrigine (LTG) were evaluated by an international panel of experts and by review of published and unpublished reports.
CAN NEW SOCIAL PROGRAMS BRING ABOUT A NEW PERIOD OF POLITICAL INCORPORATION IN LATIN AMERICA

Judging from historical precedents, it is possible that new social programs, namely non-contributory social protection and conditional transfers, could underwrite a new period of political incorporation in Latin America, cementing political loyalties and institutional channels of popular participation. This paper looks at this question in two parts, political and fiscal, with the central question being whether the relationship between the informal sector and these programs could be sustained - and if sustained, whether it could involve political loyalties strong enough to “shape the political arena” (Collier and Collier 1991) and defend democracy. It has argued that the loyalties are probably shallow but also likely to induce some positive regard for democratic rules, because democracy plainly favors the emergence of this programs. Fiscally, the limits are more severe the poorer the country. In terms of tax policy, it has argued that a VAT is probably the best source of revenue, both for the political sustainability of redistribution and from the standpoint of fiscal efficiency. As for a new period of incorporation, it concluded that the heterogeneity of the informal sector and the nature of the benefit relationship make this unlikely - especially in poor countries where the informal sector is largest. The paper closes by speculating that in such countries, universalism will be hard to sustain, possibly to be supplanted by clientelism toward politically strategic parts of the informal sector.
Callous–Unemotional Behaviors in Early Childhood: Measurement, Meaning, and the Influence of Parenting

Antisocial behavior is costly and harmful to families, communities, and society. With roots in early childhood, antisocial behavior puts children at risk for poor physical and mental health outcomes across development. Callous-unemotional (CU) traits identify a subgroup of youth with particularly severe and stable antisocial behavior. While much literature has examined CU traits in late childhood and adolescence, researchers are just beginning to elucidate the developmental origins of CU traits. In this article, we review research examining the measurement and correlates of CU behaviors in early childhood, along with evidence that these early behaviors predict later measures of CU traits. We then describe research highlighting the role that parents play in the development of CU behaviors in early childhood. Finally, we outline translational implications and ethical considerations for studying CU behaviors and consider the use of the term CU traits in young children.
Analysis of Role of TRPV1 in Exercise, Energy Intake and Obesity

Obesity is one of the biggest challenges encountered by the society today. Lifestyle modifications like diet regulation and exercise are popular strategies to counter obesity but they are limited in their effectiveness. Many research studies have shown that exercise can decrease appetite and energy intake through the regulation of expression, secretion and activity of various orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides. Dietary supplementation of Capsaicin (CAP) has been shown to prevent high fat diet induced weight gain and improve insulin sensitivity via Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1)-dependent mechanisms without altering food intake.
ASSOCIATION OF INCREASED TOTAL ATRIAL VOLUME WITH CLINICAL HEART FAILURE STATUS IN HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART SYNDROME

Background: Increased left atrial volume predicts mortality in adults with heart failure (HF). Implications of increased atrial volume in complex congenital heart disease are less well understood. We sought to determine if increased atrial volume is associated with clinical HF in hypoplastic left
On l'Hospital-type rules for monotonicity.

Elsewhere we developed rules for the monotonicity pattern of the ratio r := f/g of two differentiable functions on an interval (a,b) based on the monotonicity pattern of the ratio := f 0 /g 0 of the derivatives. Those rules are applicable even more broadly than l'Hospital's rules for limits, since in general we do not require that both f and g, or either of them, tend to 0 or 1 at an endpoint or any other point of (a,b). Here new insight into the nature of the rules for monotonicity is provided by a key lemma, which implies that, if is monotonic, then ˜ := r 0 · g 2 /|g 0 | is so; hence, r 0 changes sign at most once. Based on the key lemma, a number of new rules are given. One of them is as follows: Suppose that f(a+) = g(a+) = 0; suppose also that %& on (a,b) - that is, for some c 2 (a,b), % ( is increasing) on (a,c) and & on (c,b). Then r % or %& on (a,b). Various applications and illustrations are given.
Computational perspectives on structure, dynamics, gas sorption, and bio-interactions in deep eutectic solvents

Abstract We present a snapshot of the current status of understanding structure, dynamics, and molecular interactions within deep eutectic solvents (DESs) gained from a computational perspective. The simulations reported thus far have been largely aimed at unravelling the relationship between the molecular features within a DES and the depressed melting temperature at its eutectic composition. Computational efforts consistently reveal that the addition of hydrogen bond donors significantly disrupts long-range ordering of the cation–anion arrangement in choline chloride, resulting in significant moderation of the interaction energies between the components of the DES. These studies paint a picture of DES formation being accompanied by hydrogen-bond directed charge transfer processes yielding transient cage-like formation and nanoscale ordering entailing segregation of the ionic and molecular domains. Computational insights further uncover how unique solvation features present within DESs may lead to enhanced biomolecular (e.g., protein, nucleic acid, polysaccharide) stability and/or activity while also offering advantages as environmentally-responsible gas sorbents.
Upstream controls on incised-valley dimensions and fill: Examples from the Upper Mississippian Mauch Chunk Group, Central Appalachian Basin, USA

Abstract Subsurface mapping and facies and architectural element analysis on outcrop, combined with published detrital zircon geochronology and sandstone petrography, are used to reconstruct a source to sink system for two incised-valley fills in the Upper Mississippian Mauch Chunk Group. The lower Stony Gap incised valley is relatively broad and filled with quartzarenite fluvial facies consisting of downstream accreting elements with minimum thicknesses of 6 m; cross-sets within elements average 62.5 cm thick. The lower Princeton incised valley is relatively narrow and filled with sublitharenite fluvial facies consisting of channel elements that range in thickness from 0.25 to 3.6 m; cross-sets within elements average 35 cm thick. Quantitative estimates of drainage areas, using regional hydraulic geometry curves for comparable climatic settings, are consistent with order-of-magnitude differences for the lower Stony Gap Sandstone (> 700,000 km2) and the lower Princeton Formation (
Evidence on charter school practices related to student enrollment and retention

Opponents of charter schools argue these schools “cream-skim” the best students from traditional public schools and push out hard-to-educate students. This paper reviews 22 studies of enrollment issues related to student achievement, special education status, English proficiency, and student discipline in US charter schools. Of the 22 studies, nine use student level data to rigorously test for evidence of strategic enrollment. While the charter sector as a whole tends to serve fewer special education students and English language learners, there is much within-sector variation. Over all, there is very little evidence of systematic “cream-skimming” or “push-out” in US charter schools.
Managing Inventories: The Periodic Review System

This note addresses inventory-planning and -control activities using periodic-review systems. The reorder point system is addressed in a separate technical note (UVA-OM-0936).
Atomistic Simulations of Surfaces and Interfaces

The purpose of this article is to describe the capabilities that have been developed in recent years to calculate the structure and energetics of surfaces and interfaces on an atomic scale using approximate descriptions of the total energy. In particular, the goal is to be able to readily determine the energetics and structures of systems which may require hundreds or thousands of atoms to model and to study explicitly thermal effects by the use of molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulation techniques. While a great deal of progress has been made in recent years in ab-initio total energy calculations, it is still true that there are a wide range of problems for which one must resort to the use of approximate total energy expressions. In the last several years, a group of similar approaches have been developed for this purpose which represent a substantial improvement over previous approximations such as pair potential interaction models. In this article, these new approaches will be summarized and some illustrative examples of their use will be described.
Object features and T4/T5 motion detectors modulate the dynamics of bar tracking by Drosophila.

ABSTRACT Visual objects can be discriminated by static spatial features such as luminance or dynamic features such as relative movement. Flies track a solid dark vertical bar moving on a bright background, a behavioral reaction so strong that for a rigidly tethered fly, the steering trajectory is phase advanced relative to the moving bar, apparently in anticipation of its future position. By contrast, flickering bars that generate no coherent motion or have a surface texture that moves in the direction opposite to the bar generate steering responses that lag behind the stimulus. It remains unclear how the spatial properties of a bar influence behavioral response dynamics. Here, we show that a dark bar defined by its luminance contrast to the uniform background drives a co-directional steering response that is phase advanced relative to the response to a textured bar defined only by its motion relative to a stationary textured background. The textured bar drives an initial contra-directional turn and phase-locked tracking. The qualitatively distinct response dynamics could indicate parallel visual processing of a luminance versus motion-defined object. Calcium imaging shows that T4/T5 motion-detecting neurons are more responsive to a solid dark bar than a motion-defined bar. Genetically blocking T4/T5 neurons eliminates the phase-advanced co-directional response to the luminance-defined bar, leaving the orientation response largely intact. We conclude that T4/T5 neurons mediate a co-directional optomotor response to a luminance-defined bar, thereby driving phase-advanced wing kinematics, whereas separate unknown visual pathways elicit the contra-directional orientation response.
Synchronization of Ring-Based Resonant Standing Wave Oscillators for 3D Clocking Applications

Ring-based Resonant Standing Wave Oscillators (RRSWOs) have been shown to be a powerful technique to perform low power clock generation and distribution for high-speed clocks. The resulting clock signals can achieve very high frequencies and exhibit low skew. Utilizing through-silicon-vias (TSVs), a RRSWO can form a 3D ring that distributes this high speed clock to all the die in a 3D IC stack. In this paper, in addition to presenting a RRSWO-based technique to generate and distribute a high frequency, low skew signal in a 3D IC, we also present a scheme to synchronize two such 3D ring-based resonant oscillators without the use of a Phase Locked Loop (PLL). This reduces cost, provides effective synchronization between the 3D ICs, and creates scalable systems with a low clock skew. Finally, we present the design of a robust bootstrap circuit for 3D RRSWOs. We validate out ideas using circuit simulations, including Monte Carlo simulations to quantify the resilience of our approach to variations.
Blockchain Network for Space Object Location Gathering

This paper proposes a solution to facilitate on-orbit satellite communication data integrity and security by utilizing blockchain technology. A proliferating demand has created a growing reliance on satellites for communications, GPS, imagery, and other uses. The decreased cost of entry into the space industry has increased the number of entrants and also the number of satellites and the amount of space debris. These orbital debris pose a serious threat to spacecraft. Therefore, tracking these objects is crucial. Blockchain technology offers a unique solution to this problem by utilizing functions, processes, and information already incorporated into satellites while maintaining a maximum of forty-eight hours of data. The use of blockchain provides a high level of trusted positional data that can be used to predict and avoid collisions which will save billions of dollars and valuable time. This paper provides a technological design, rational, and risk analysis of this proposal.
EEG Seizure Detection with Low Ranked Shared Dictionary Learning and Slantlet Transform

With over 50 million people suffering from seizure related illnesses, automatic detection and prediction of seizures is an important issue in biomedical signal processing. In this paper, a new seizure detection method centered on the Low-Rank Shared Dictionary Learning algorithm is proposed. First, EEG signals are preprocessed using Slantlet transform to make the input signals more discriminative. Then dictionaries of seizure and nonseizure signals are respectively learned using seizure and nonseizure training samples with the dictionary learning algorithm. The experimental study shows that the proposed approach produces superior results with 95.91% sensitivity, 99.62 % specificity, and 99.53% accuracy, in comparison with those obtained with the state-of-the-art methods.
Temporal shifts in iso/anisohydry revealed from daily observations of plant water potential in a dominant desert shrub

Plant species are characterized along a spectrum of isohydry to anisohydry depending on their regulation of water potential (Ψ), but the plasticity of hydraulic strategies is largely unknown. The role of environmental drivers was evaluated in the hydraulic behavior of Larrea tridentata, a drought-tolerant desert shrub that withstands a wide range of environmental conditions. With a 1.5 yr time-series of 2324 in situ measurements of daily predawn and midday Ψ, the temporal variability of hydraulic behavior was explored in relation to soil water supply, atmospheric demand and temperature. Hydraulic behavior in Larrea was highly dynamic, ranging from partial isohydry to extreme anisohydry. Larrea exhibited extreme anisohydry under wet soil conditions corresponding to periods of high productivity, whereas partial isohydry was exhibited after prolonged dry or cold conditions, when productivity was low. Environmental conditions can strongly influence plant hydraulic behavior at relatively fast timescales, which enhances our understanding of plant drought responses. Although species may exhibit a dominant hydraulic behavior, variable environmental conditions can prompt plasticity in Ψ regulation, particularly for species in seasonally dry climates.
Chondroitinase ABC Enhances Integration of Self-Assembled Articular Cartilage, but Its Dosage Needs to Be Moderated Based on Neocartilage Maturity

ObjectiveTo enhance the in vitro integration of self-assembled articular cartilage to native articular cartilage using chondroitinase ABC.DesignTo examine the hypothesis that chondroitinase ABC (C-...
Contemporary strategies to improve outcomes for peripheral T-cell lymphoma patients following the failure of first-line therapy.

T cell lymphomas are a heterogeneous group, with varying incidences, geographic patterns, and risk factors. Although until recently approached in a manner similar to B cell lymphomas, the treatment...
Association of patient factors with time to treatment for breast cancer

BACKGROUND Studies have shown that in the United States, there is an increasing time from breast cancer diagnosis to first treatment (time to treatment or "TTT"), with concern that such delays may worsen oncologic outcomes. A component of TTT is the time from the initial diagnosis to initial surgical consultation (SC). We sought to identify patient-related factors associated with time to initial SC, and evaluate how this interval is associated with overall total time to treatment (TTT). METHODS A prospective database of women diagnosed with breast cancer at our institution from 2015 to 2016 was reviewed. Time from initial breast cancer diagnosis to SC and overall TTT was collected from the electronic medical record. Documented patient-identified preferences regarding scheduling the first surgical appointment were reviewed. A multivariate analysis was performed to determine clinical and patient factors associated with TTT. RESULTS Of 553 breast cancer patients included in the study, 27% of women opted for the earliest appointment while 73% chose a later date. The median time from diagnosis to SC was 8.5 ± 4.7 days. Patients who accepted a first available SC waited an average of 5.6 ± 3.4 days, while those who deferred waited 9.5 ± 4.6 days (P < .001). Patients who deferred the earliest available SC were older, with a median age of 67 versus 63 years, (P = .018), and had a preference for a specific location in the geographical hospital region (P = .003). Patients who deferred the first available SC also had a longer TTT (33 vs. 28 days, P = .027). DISCUSSION Among newly diagnosed breast cancer patients, there is a substantial population that defers the first available SC. These patients are also more likely to have a prolonged TTT. Future follow-up of this cohort is necessary to determine the delays on TTT affect cancer outcomes and overall survival.
User Experience Research for the Next Decade in Education and Visual Arts: Through Analyzing and Visualizing Research Subjects for the Last 20 Years

The purpose of this study is to investigate how UX-related subjects have been studied in both Education and Visual Arts between 2000 and 2019 to identify the trends and the relationship between the two disciplines. This study collected peer-reviewed journal articles found in Penn State University's online library that included User Experience or UX in their titles. These articles were then analyzed to identify what subjects were studied and how they were related within the two disciplines. The data allowed visualization of frequencies and relationships between subjects using Gephi 0.9.2, freeware software for visualizing data. The findings depicted the mainstreams of the research subjects and relationships between subjects in Education and Visual Arts. Our findings would support researchers seeking to study a future research UX-related subject in the Education and Visual Arts as well as in the multidiscipline.
Perspectives for the future

Crystallography has played an important role in helping to advance science and the human endeavour in the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. This chapter describes what we can expect to see in the future of crystallography, related fields and science in general, as well as how budding new technologies and breakthroughs in these fields may impact both the sciences and the world at large. The chapter is divided into general comments by each of the editors, followed by perspectives on the future roles of the X-ray free-electron laser and cryo-electron microscopy in structure determination. Keywords: macromolecular crystallography; X-ray free-electron lasers; electron microscopy; structural biology
The role of cultural capital in claims to educational sovereignty

Continuing racial inequities and marginalization have led some communities to reject reliance on public schooling by forming their own programmes and/or schools, claiming sovereignty over the educa...
Screening tests for abnormal milk and physical examination of the udder

Many tests have been described for use in detecting abnormal milk. These include: black plate or strip cup, catalase test, (modified) Whiteside test, serum albumin, milk chloride, electrical conductivity, California Mastitis Test (CMT), Wisconsin Mastitis Test (WMT), Direct Microscopic Somatic Cell Count (DMSCC) and Electronic Somatic Cell Counts (ESCC). In summary, the black plate is still a useful tool for the examination of lactating cows to detect clinical mastitis. The CMT Test is a useful cowside test for detecting subclinical infections. ESCC provides useful information for assessing the prevalence of subclinical infection and for regular evaluation of mastitis control practices. Examination of the udder may be indicated. Udder palpation is not as important in the current scheme of management of cows as it may have been in the past but could still provide useful additional indications for culling decisions. Teat end lesions may be reduced by avoiding chemical irritation and faulty machine function. However, teat end appearance may be related to high production and, depending on degree, is not always an indication of unusual trauma.
Pode a segunda pessoa falar? Uma análise do narrador no conto No seu Pescoço de Chimamanda Adichie

Este trabalho foi concebido apos o estranhamento da descricao do livro No seu Pescoco de Chimamanda Adichie, feito por sua editora,que o apresenta dizendo que a autora inova a linguagem pois o escreve em segunda pessoa.Texto repetido por varias revistas e sites.Apos uma breve analise da linguagem do texto, perguntamos inspirados em Spivak: Pode a segunda pessoa falar? Conhecemos os conceitos de pessoa gramatical no qual a segunda pessoa e quem ouve, e que ha no discurso um turno de voz: as pessoas presentes na conversa, revezam o papel de ouvinte, 2a pessoa, e de falante, 1a pessoa. Assim, ao falar a segunda pessoa automaticamente se torna primeira.Analisamos este discurso a partir do texto A pessoa desdobrada, de Jose Luiz Fiorin( FIORIN.Sao Paulo,1996) para tentar entender o belo texto de Chimamanda Adichie.
Hypertension in terminal renal failure. Observations pre and post bilateral nephrectomy.

Abstract The clinical course of 16 patients, 13 hypertensive and 3 normotensive, with terminal renal failure and undergoing periodic hemodialysis has been observed before and after bilateral nephrectomy. Eight patients on dialysis for 3.5–18 months developed features of accelerated hypertension resistant to multiple drug therapy and ultrafiltration dialysis. Serum renin activity was markedly increased in 6 patients, and within normal range in 2. Hemodynamic studies performed in 5 patients with increased renin activity, revealed expanded plasma volume, near normal cardiac index and increased peripheral resistance. Following bilateral nephrectomy to control hypertension, blood pressure decreased significantly in all 8 patients. During 1.5–21.5 months of anephric state, 2 patients became normotensive, and 6 patients were moderately hypertensive. However, hypertension was readily controllable in 4 of these patients by ultrafiltration dialysis alone. The other 2 patients required reduced amounts of methyldopa also. Post nephrectomy, cardiac output was significantly greater and peripheral resistance was significantly less than pre nephrectomy. Five patients on dialysis for 4–16 months had hypertension which was readily controllable by drug therapy and dialysis. Serum renin activity was normal in 4 patients, and moderately increased in 1. Hemodynamic studies in 4 patients with normal renin activity, showed expanded plasma volume, normal cardiac index and peripheral resistance. Bilateral nephrectomy was performed electively in preparation for possible renal transplantation. During 3.5 to 48 months of anephric state, 3 patients became normotensive and 1 remained hypertensive. Post nephrectomy, plasma volume decreased significantly, while cardiac index and peripheral resistance remained unchanged. Three patients on dialysis for 1–5 months were normotensive and had normal values of serum renin activity. After elective bilateral nephrectomy in preparation for possible renal transplantation, all 3 patients remained normotensive. Assays of serum renin activity were performed at varying intervals post nephrectomy in 13 patients. Renin half-time disappearance rate ranged from 140 to 360 min in 4 patients. Renin activity was still present in the sera from 2 patients, a female and a male, 1 to more than 3 yr respectively, after bilateral nephrectomy. This activity was abolished by adding human antirenin to the sera before incubation.
11.9 Loess and its Geomorphic, Stratigraphic, and Paleoclimatic Significance in the Quaternary

Loess is aeolian silt visible in the field as a sedimentary body. It covers a significant portion of the land surface of the Earth. Loess thickness, particle size, and carbonate content decrease downwind from sources, useful trends for paleowinds. Many loess sections consist of relatively thick deposits of mostly unaltered sediment with intercalated paleosols. Paleosols represent periods of landscape stability when loess deposition slowed significantly. Loess in most regions was deposited during glacial periods and paleosols formed during interglacial periods. Loess has the potential to record the timing and environment of glacial–interglacial cycles of the Quaternary on many continents.
Gaussian Fluctuations for β Ensembles

We study the circular and Jacobi β-ensembles and prove Gaussian fluctuations for the number of points in one or more intervals in the macroscopic scaling limit.
Modeling Coordinate Transformations

Sensorimotor transformations can often be decomposed into a series of intermediate coordinate transforms. These may be modeled using units computing a product of sigmoidal tuning curves to sensory and posture signals. Keywords: linear functions; nonlinear functions; Gaussian functions; sensorimotor; transformations
Design and analysis of a hierarchical scalable photonic architecture

This paper introduces a hierarchical optical structure for processor interconnection and evaluates its performance. The architecture is based on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) which enables multiple multi-access channels to be realized on a single optical fiber. The objective of the hierarchical architecture is to achieve scalability yet avoid the requirement of multiple wavelength tunable devices per node as with the WDM-based hypercube interconnection scheme. Furthermore, single-hop communication is achieved: a packet remains in the optical form from source to destination and does not require cross dimensional intermediate routing. The wavelength multiplexed hierarchical structure features wavelength channel re-use at each level, allowing scalability to very large system sizes. It employs acousto-optic tunable filters in conjunction with passive couplers to partition the traffic between different levels of the hierarchy without electronic intervention. A significant advantage of the proposed structure is its ability to dynamically vary the bandwidth provided to different levels of the hierarchy. The architecture is compared to a wavelength-flat architecture in terms of physical and performance scalability. >
A proposed scale for measuring the quality of social media services: An E-S-QUAL approach

The purpose of this study is to modify a scale to evaluate the service quality of libraries’ social media. Libraries have adopted social media services to interact with their users and share information. However, we know little about how the users perceive the quality of social media services. There are no criteria or tools that have been developed for assessing the service quality of non-profit institutions’ use of social media from a user perspective. To address the gap, this study adopted the E-S-QUAL instrument developed by Parasuraman et al. (2005) and modified it through a focus group interview for libraries’ application. Four dimensions and two endogenous constructs were modified to reflect three features: online information processing, information services by libraries, and social media as platforms. This modified scale will be used in research to test its applicability to measure user-perceived service quality of library social media services. The results of this study will be of interest to researchers seeking to develop service quality assessment instruments and useful to managers to enhance the value of the services.
Ape Consciousness–Human Consciousness: A Perspective Informed by Language and Culture1

Animal consciousness has long been assumed to be a nonviable arena of investigation. At best, it was thought that any indications of such consciousness, should it exist, would not be interpretable by our species. Recent work in the field of language competencies with bonobos has laid this conception open to serious challenge. This paper reviews this work and the case it makes for our impending capacity to tap the consciousness of a uniquely enculturated group of bonobos who are capable of comprehending human speech and employing a lexical communication system.
An invariant dimensional liability model of gender differences in mental disorder prevalence: evidence from a national sample.

Epidemiological studies of categorical mental disorders consistently report that gender differences exist in many disorder prevalence rates and that disorders are often comorbid. Can a dimensional multivariate liability model be developed to clarify how gender impacts diverse, comorbid mental disorders? We pursued this possibility in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC; N 43,093). Gender differences in prevalence were systematic such that women showed higher rates of mood and anxiety disorders, and men showed higher rates of antisocial personality and substance use disorders. We next investigated patterns of disorder comorbidity and found that a dimensional internalizing-externalizing liability model fit the data well, where internalizing is characterized by mood and anxiety disorders, and externalizing is characterized by antisocial personality and substance use disorders. This model was gender invariant, indicating that observed gender differences in prevalence rates originate from women and men’s different average standings on latent internalizing and externalizing liability dimensions. As hypothesized, women showed a higher mean level of internalizing, while men showed a higher mean level of externalizing. We discuss implications of these findings for understanding gender differences in psychopathology and for classification and intervention.
The Debate Debate

(2004). The Debate Debate. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 78, No. 2, pp. 52-56.
Optimal noise reduction in 3D reconstructions of single particles using a volume-normalized filter

The high noise level found in single-particle electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) image data presents a special challenge for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the imaged molecules. The spectral signal-to-noise ratio (SSNR) and related Fourier shell correlation (FSC) functions are commonly used to assess and mitigate the noise-generated error in the reconstruction. Calculation of the SSNR and FSC usually includes the noise in the solvent region surrounding the particle and therefore does not accurately reflect the signal in the particle density itself. Here we show that the SSNR in a reconstructed 3D particle map is linearly proportional to the fractional volume occupied by the particle. Using this relationship, we devise a novel filter (the “single-particle Wiener filter”) to minimize the error in a reconstructed particle map, if the particle volume is known. Moreover, we show how to approximate this filter even when the volume of the particle is not known, by optimizing the signal within a representative interior region of the particle. We show that the new filter improves on previously proposed error-reduction schemes, including the conventional Wiener filter as well as figure-of-merit weighting, and quantify the relationship between all of these methods by theoretical analysis as well as numeric evaluation of both simulated and experimentally collected data. The single-particle Wiener filter is applicable across a broad range of existing 3D reconstruction techniques, but is particularly well suited to the Fourier inversion method, leading to an efficient and accurate implementation.
Gain of Function Mutations of PIK3CD as a Cause of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Gain of function (GOF) mutation in the p110δ catalytic subunit of the phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PIK3CD) is the cause of a primary immunodeficiency (PID) characterized by recurrent sinopulmonary infections and lymphoproliferation. We describe a family of two adults and three children with GOF mutation in PIK3CD, all with recurrent sinopulmonary infections and varied infectious and non-infectious complications. The two adults have Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) without evidence of Cryptosporidium parvum infection and have required liver transplantation. PSC is a novel phenotype of GOF mutation in PIK3CD.
A reliability-based optimization technique for automatic plastic design

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present a reliability-based computational technique to design optimal plastic structures. In this computation, the correlation between loads and the correlation between plastic moments is accounted for by using a technique which incorporates the effect of the statistical dependence between any two collapse mechanisms. Based on this technique, a computer program was developed which automatically designs optimal plastic structures with up to two hundred collapse mechanisms. Some of the investigation in this paper is concerned also with the sensitivity of the plastic optimal solutions to load and to resistance correlations.
Guanine nucleotides: Key regulators of hormone receptor-adenylate cyclase interaction

MANY polypeptide hormones, prostaglandins, and catecholamines exert their physiological (and pathophysiological) effects by increasing intracellular cAMP concentration in their respective target cells. The first step in hormone action, binding to a specific plasma membrane receptor, leads to activation of the membranebound enzyme AC1 and formation of cAMP. Understanding how hormones activate AC, then, is central to understanding the mechanism of hormone action. Studies from numerous laboratories performed over the past decade have begun to clarify this problem. One of the major concepts to emerge from these studies is that guanine nucleotides (GN) play a critical role in mediating the effects of hormones on AC. This review will focus on the involvement of GN in regulation of hormone receptor-AC interaction. We will 1) detail the evidence that GN are required for hormonal stimulation of AC; 2) describe experiments showing that GN interact with a G unit2 and that the G unit is a discrete component of the AC...