cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable magnetoelectronic circuits for threshold logic: Research Articles

Magnetoelectronic devices, which combine ferromagnetic materials with conventional silicon structures, offer the potential to add non-volatile storage to electronic systems, eliminating their vulnerability to data loss due to power supply interruptions. We present a set of circuits, based on the Hybrid Hall Effect device, that combine logic with non-volatile storage. These circuits can be configured on a cycle-by-cycle basis to compute different functions of their inputs, store their outputs indefinitely even in the absence of system power, and can be easily integrated into CMOS systems to provide non-volatile operation without requiring additional supply voltages or other global signals. They exploit the properties of the Hybrid Hall Effect device to efficiently implement threshold logic functions and thereby reduce the number of gates required to implement most Boolean expressions.In this paper, we describe our reconfigurable magnetoelectronic circuits and the interfaces that make them compatible with CMOS systems. The results presented are based on data from fabricated experimental devices, and we discuss how they can be expected to improve as devices scale to nanometer dimensions. Finally, we consider how magnetoelectronic circuits might be integrated into system designs to deliver high performance while tolerating power supply interruptions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Malawian children with chest-indrawing pneumonia with and without comorbidities or danger signs

Background Children with comorbidities or danger signs are often excluded from trials evaluating pneumonia treatment. Methods We sought to investigate whether the percentage of children with chest-indrawing pneumonia cured at Day 14 was lower among those with HIV infection or exposure, malaria, moderate or severe acute malnutrition, or anemia enrolled in a prospective observational cohort study than among children without these comorbidities enrolled in a concurrent prospective randomized controlled trial evaluating duration of amoxicillin treatment in Lilongwe, Malawi. Results Children with chest-indrawing pneumonia and comorbidities but without danger signs did not have statistically significant higher treatment failure rates by Day 6 than those in the chest-indrawing pneumonia clinical trial. However, children with chest-indrawing pneumonia and HIV infection or exposure, malaria, or moderate or severe acute malnutrition had higher rates of not being clinically cured at Day 14 when compared to children without these comorbidities (adjusted differences ranging from 7.7% to 17.0%). Furthermore, among children without danger signs at enrollment, but with HIV infection or HIV exposure or moderate or severe acute malnutrition, 12.5% and 15.6% respectively were not clinically cured at Day 14 even though they were without treatment failure by Day 6. Conclusions More intensive follow-up of children with chest-indrawing pneumonia and comorbidities who do not have danger signs may be beneficial.
Encouragement for the weary soul during the COVID pandemic.

We are often moved by the breadth and depth of the needs of our hurting patients, and at times can feel overwhelmed, and spinning without control or direction. Because we can’t do everything, we so...
The Orkney Slew and Central Bank Digital Currencies

This essay presents a parable recently discovered in a Yale University Library. Interpreting the parable leads to a discussion of central bank digital currencies and the process of policy formation. Many central banks around the world are cooperatively experimenting with cross-border interoperability of digital currencies. These experiments are motivated by the idea of building a global network—an infrastructure—to improve global supply chains and large value cross-border payments. While we do not suggest that such an infrastructure is necessary at this moment, we do argue that cross-border experimentation is necessary.
Pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate differentiation treated with ventricular radiation and temozolomide (P1.6-017)

Objective: To describe a single-institution experience treated PPTID with ventricular radiation, focal radiation boosts, and temozolomide Background: Pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate differentiation (PPTID), first defined by the World Health Organization in 2000, represent a very rare class of central nervous system malignancy. They have an intermediate grade between WHO grade I pineocytomas and WHO Grade IV pineoblastomas. Pineocytomas have a low recurrence rate and are typically treated with surgery alone. Pineoblastomas behave much more aggressively and have a propensity for craniospinal spread. Therefore, treatment includes multimodality therapy with myeloablative chemotherapy and craniospinal irradiation. However, there is no consensus on the optimal treatment of PPTID. While these tumors have an approximately 25% risk of leptomeningeal spread, craniospinal irradiation carries significant associated morbidity. At our institution we have treated PPTID patients with ventricle radiation followed by stereotactic boosts to the pineal area and resection bed with the goal of reducing the risk of CNS dissemination and local recurrence while limiting toxicity. We additionally treat with concurrent temozolomide using a modified Stupp protocol. Here, we present our institutional experience treating 3 PPTID patients. Design/Methods: Case series Results: Of our three patients treated with one suffered recurrent disease and died 4 years after initial diagnosis. The other two patients show no evidence of disease recurrence 2 and 6 years after initial diagnosis and show no significant treatment-related toxicity. Conclusions: These cases show that postoperative ventricular radiation plus focal boosts combined with temozolomide may be a viable treatment strategy in PPTID. Disclosure: Dr. Low has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kirkpatrick has nothing to disclose. Dr. Peters has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Abbvie, Agios, Eisai, Monteris, and Novocure. Dr. Peters has received research support from Abbvie, Agios, Biomimetix, Eisai, Monteris, Novocure, BMS-Research Protocols and Clinical Trials.
The Psychology of COVID-19 Economic Impact Payment Use

This study investigates how American adults' personality and financial self-efficacy (FSE) beliefs contributed to how they used their COVID-19 CARES Act Economic Impact Payment (EIP) for spending needs, spending wants, and financial transactions (save, invest, debt repayment). The results from a sample of 1172 Amazon MTurk users collected in July 2020 suggest that both personality traits and FSE beliefs were associated with EIP use. Specifically, this study finds that FSE and conscientiousness emerged as the most robust predictors of EIP use across all categories of financial behavior with a greater allocation of EIP funds to saving and less to spending needs and debt repayment. Additionally, greater FSE is associated with investing, while greater conscientiousness is connected to more spending on wants. The results suggest that saving habits associated with personality and FSE persist in a crisis environment, and pre-crisis preparedness may allow for greater spending flexibility on wants. Significant relationships were also found for openness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. The findings highlight how people use unexpected financial windfalls during crises and uncertainty and how personal characteristics contribute to this decision making. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10834-021-09804-1.
Thermal Analysis of a Small D-C Motor; Part I. Dimensional Analysis of Combined Thermal and Electrical Processes [includes discussion]

A research program has been underway to study systematically small rotating electric machinery from the combined viewpoints of thermal and electrical processes. This paper is limited to the application of dimensional analysis to the detailed thermal and electrical processes occurring in the steady-state operation of a small d-c shunt-wound motor. Part II1 presents the numerous measurements of temperature distribution in the rotor and stator of such a motor made with the aid of 130 thermocouples and will correlate the experimental results in terms of dimensionless groups obtained with the aid of the dimensional analysis. Dimensional analysis was applied to this case of extremely complex and interrelated thermal and electrical processes and yielded a final single unknown functional relation between the important thermal and electrical parameters for the case of geometrically similar machines made from materials with identical electrical, magnetic, and thermal properties. The dimensionless groups which arose from this dimensional analysis were found to be of great value in planning the experimental test program and in correlating the experimental results. The dimensional analysis gave, however, no information as to the nature of the desired function relating the various dimensionless groups. The dimensional analysis was checked for the limiting case of zero internal flow of cooling air by a process of actually deriving the desired function predicted by dimensional analysis. This derivation combined equations for the electric circuit with the equations for the thermal circuit.
Mythological Syncretism in the Works of Four Modern Novelists

In the nineteen forties and fifties while the world was still in the throes of war and social upheaval, four novelists wrote fictional works with similar archetypal themes. Thomas Mann is the senior author as his Joseph Cycle most directly influenced the work of his younger colleagues. The Scandinavian Par Lagerkvist so closely followed in his footsteps that similar characters and structures can be found throughout his entire opus, from the popular Barabbas through the Sybil and the Holy Land. * The fictional works of the Greek poet Nikos Kazantsakis such as the Greek Passion and the Last Temptation of Christ also display the same mythological images and patterns. Finally, repercussions of almost identical archetypal figures impress the reader of the novels of Jacques Roumain, a Haitian poet and writer of fictional works, such as Gouverneurs de la Rosee ("Governors of the Dew") which won him worldwide acclaim just prior to his untimely death in 1944.
A REPORT ON SUBLATTICES OF A FREE LATTICE

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a report on sublattices of a free lattice. It elaborates the characterization problem for finite sublattices of a free lattice. It is conjectured that these are precisely the finite lattices that satisfy three first order conditions, the Whitman condition. Every finite sublattice of a free lattice is an S-lattice, for all three conditions hold in free lattices, and is the key condition in Whitmans famous characterization of free lattices, and is easy consequences of Whitmans results. It is an open question whether, conversely, every S -lattice is embeddable in a free lattice. Several characterizations of finite sublattices of free lattices have been found and some of these even characterize finitely generated sublattices of free lattices, but none of them is in terms of a finite set of first-order formulas. A lattice L is transferable if for every embedding f of L into the ideal lattice of a lattice K , there exists and embedding g of L into K.
2‐Cyanoethyl Diisopropylchlorophosphoramidite

[89992-70] C9H18ClN2OP (MW 236.68) InChI = 1S/C9H18ClN2OP/c1-8(2)12(9(3)4)14(10)13-7-5-6-11/h8-9H,5,7H2,1-4H3 InChIKey = QWTBDIBOOIAZEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent widely used for the phosphinylation of the 3′-hydroxy function of modified and unmodified nucleosides, and of various reporter groups for incorporation into oligonucleotides) Alternate Name: 2-cyanoethyl N,N-diisopropylphosphonamidic chloride; chloro-(2-cyanoethoxy)-N,N-diisopropylaminophosphine; chloro(diisopropylamino)-β-cyanoethoxyphosphine; 2-cyanoethyl N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidochloridite. Physical Data: bp 103–104 °C (0.08 mmHg; d 1.061 g cm−3). Solubility: soluble in most organic solvents. Form Supplied in: colorless liquid. Analysis of Reagent Purity: 31P NMR, 1H NMR, EI-MS. Preparative Methods: the reagent is prepared from the reaction of N,N-diisopropylamine or its N-trimethylsilyl derivative with (2-cyanoethoxy)dichlorophosphine in anhydrous diethyl ether and isolated by vacuum distillation. Purification: vacuum distillation. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the reagent is moisture-sensitive and corrosive. It should therefore be stored in a dry environment, in a tightly closed container at −20 °C. Caution should be exercised when vacuum-distilling the reagent as it may explode if heated at a temperature (internal) exceeding 140 °C. Distillation should be carried out only if a vacuum of less than 0.1 mmHg can be generated. Disposal: the reagent should be neutralized at a temperature below −20 °C by slowly adding an excess of ethanolic potassium hydroxide. The deactivated material can then be discarded in a chemical waste container.
Al2O3 as a suitable substrate and a dielectric layer for n-layer MoS2

Sapphire (α-Al2O3) is a common substrate for the growth of single- to few-layer MoS2 films, and amorphous aluminium oxide serves as a high-κ dielectric gate oxide for MoS2 based transistors. Using density-functional theory calculations with a van der Waals functional, we investigate the structural, energetic, and electronic properties of n-layer MoS2 (n = 1and 3) on the α-Al2O3 (0001) surface. Our results show that the sapphire stabilizes single-layer and tri-layer MoS2, while having a negligible effect on the structure, band gap, and electron effective masses of MoS2. This combination of a strong energetic stabilization and weak perturbation of the electronic properties shows that α-Al2O3 can serve as an ideal substrate for depositing ultra-thin MoS2 layers and can also serve as a passivation or gate-oxide layer for MoS2 based devices.
Electron Beam Controlled CO2 Lasers at Los Alamos

The concept of using lasers to compress and heat thermonuclear fuel to ignition relies on high-energy short-pulse lasers. To apply this idea to commercial power plants requires lasers of still higher energy (105 J or more) meeting other performance and economic constraints. At present, the CO2 laser is the only one that has reached a stage at which the development of 105-J systems appears to be a relatively straightforward and economically practical engineering effort. This paper describes the work at Los Alamos1,2 on electron-beam-controlled CO2 lasers, including the development of a single-beam 103-J laser, the design of an eight-beam 104-J system, and the research supporting these efforts. The experimental work reported here was conducted by members of the CO2 Laser Group under C. Fenstermacher and the bulk of the theoretical effort by a group under R. Morse. Contributors are too numerous to list here but some credits are given in the references, with publications where available. Some additional details are available in the Laser Program Progress Reports.1,2
Women With ADHD: It Is an Explanation, Not the Excuse Du Jour

PURPOSE. To call attention to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a psychiatric disorder that can limit women's potential and overall well-being. CONCLUSION. ADHD, a legitimate neurobiological disorder that is often hidden, ignored, or misdiagnosed among women, causes them to struggle in silence. Proper interventions for women with ADHD that provide significant attention to context mitigate challenges across psychological, academic, occupational, and social domains. This should amend the diagnosis du jour concept, thereby supporting mechanisms to improve early intervention and positive outcomes. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Primary care practitioners play a central role in recognition, intervention, and recovery of women with ADHD.
The Impact of Formal versus Informal Sport: Mapping the Differences in Sense of Community.

As the popularity of sport continues to grow, more community developers, planners, and leaders are recognizing the ability for sport to foster community. Similar to other community contexts, understanding the structure and management of sport remains central to community building. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explain how sport system structural variations affect the sense of community experienced by those in and around sport. Eight focus groups were conducted with 39 sport participants from both formal and informal sport settings across 19 different sports. The results highlight the seven factors (administrative consideration, common interest, competition, equity in administrative decisions, leadership, social spaces, and voluntary action) that were particularly important in building a sense of community within two sport settings and how the factors are manifest within each of the structures. This research demonstrates the opportunities that sport holds for fostering community when designed and implemented appropriately.
Inactivation of Herpesvirus hominis Types 1 and 2 by Silver Nitrate In Vitro and In Vivo

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 (two strains each) were inactivated at different rates in vitro by 40 muM AgNO(3). The inactivation of HSV type 1 strains was virtually complete in 10 to 15 min, whereas almost half of the infectivity of HSV type 2 strains survived this exposure. One strain of type 1 inoculated into rabbit eyes was almost completely inactivated by 1% AgNO(3) solution dropped into the eye 20 min later, so that there was markedly reduced viral replication and less corneal herpetic disease. One strain of HSV type 2 in the rabbit eye was not effectively inactivated by 1% AgNO(3). From these results, it seems likely that AgNO(3) instillation into the eyes of a newborn who has passed through a birth canal infected with HSV might prevent eye infection with HSV type 1 but not with type 2. The greater resistance of HSV type 2 strains to chemical inactivation in vitro and in vivo may be of medical concern.
Identification of Overlapped Near-Infrared Bands of Glucose Anomers Using Two-Dimensional Near-Infrared and Middle-Infrared Correlation Spectroscopy

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a useful tool in determining glucose in biological matrices. Because α-anomers and β-anomers of glucose are in equilibrium in the solution, the observed NIR bands may come from the overlapping of vibrational modes of the anomers. We have conducted NIR and mid-infrared (MIR) absorption spectra measurements to determine the nature of the observed NIR features by using two-dimensional (2D) NIR and MIR correlation spectroscopy. The 2D NIR correlation spectra and 2D synchronous NIR and MIR correlation heterospectra are constructed based on the spectral changes of individual anomers upon mutarotation. We have identified a new NIR feature at 4350 cm-1 for the α-anomers and two new NIR features at 4200 and 4250 cm-1 for the β-anomers. The 4350-cm-1 band of the α-anomers could be assigned to the combination band of C-H stretch at 2945 cm-1 and a mixed mode of C-H bending and O-H bending at 1415 cm-1. The 4200/4250-cm-1 bands of the β-anomers might be tentatively assigned to the combination band of C-H stretching at 2870 cm-1 and a mixed mode of C-H bending and O-H bending at 1315/1370 cm-1. This finding provides the spectral information needed for implementation of a highly selective coherent two-dimensional vibrational spectroscopic method, the DOVE-Raman four wave mixing for selective identification of glucose anomers from aqueous solutions.
Effect of material characteristics and test variables on thermal fatigue of cast superalloys. A review

Abstract Tapered disc thermal fatigue tests have been conducted on two nickel- and three cobalt-base alloys. Measurements of crack length as a function of number of thermal cycles were made on cracks growing from notches machined on the specimen periphery. In addition, some results are reported of crack initiation studies involving the detection of small initiating cracks on the specimen periphery. Both material and testing variables were studied. The former included the effect of alloy composition, solidification conditions and heat treatment. The latter included the effect of specimen geometry, temperature of the hot bath and hold time at the maximum temperature. It was shown that all these variables affected the thermal fatigue resistance although not always in a clearly defined manner. For example, the thermal fatigue ranking of the five alloys was found to be sensitive to the test conditions. As the maximum temperature and hold time at temperature increased, cobalt-base alloys showed increased resistance to thermal fatigue cracking relative to the nickel-base alloys. This represented a reversal of the trend at lower temperatures. Coarser grain size specimens had reduced crack propagation rates. Taken in conjunction with the results from a directionally solidified specimen, it is concluded that in the range of test conditions studied, slower solidification leads to reduced thermal fatigue crack propagation rate. In all cases it is shown that cracking is principally interdendritic although the details of the effect of interdendritic spacing are not understood. Two major difficulties with this type of study are the problems associated with calculating the time - temperature - strain history of the specimen and the interpretation of the effects of microstructural instabilities. Some preliminary work has been done to calculate a hysteretic loop which demonstrates the importance of creep and relaxation phenomena. Evidence is presented which indicates that microstructural instabilities may be involved in an important way in the reported hold time and maximum temperature effects. Environmental interactions have not been studied specifically but indirect observations indicate that a major role may be played by oxidation phenomena.
Reliability of social and personal competence measures for adolescents.

Five newly developed social and personal competence measures had high internal consistency (alphas ranged from .73 to .89) based on a sample of 5287 seventh grade students.
Regional distribution of Hsp70 in the CNS of young and old food-restricted rats following hyperthermia

Abstract We examined the effect of aging on the capacity of the brain to produce heat shock protein (Hsp70) in response to heat stress, using high-powered microwaves (HPM, 2.06 GHz, 2.2 W/cm 2 ) to induce hyperthermia for periods so brief that thermoregulatory factors were functionally eliminated as confounding variables. Unanesthetized young (6 months) and old (25 months) male, food-restricted Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to HPM to induce a mean peak tympanic temperature (T ty ) of 42.2°C within 30 s. T ty returned to
A method for estimating Crotalus atrox venom concentrations

Abstract Venom from the rattlesnake, Crotalus atrox Baird and Girard 1853, was studied. The procedure for estimating raw venom concentration showed that this snake's venom concentration is not dependent upon its size. Intraspecific variation in venom complexity was shown on disc electrophoresis.
Aggressive versus expectant management of severe preeclampsia at 28 to 32 weeks' gestation: A randomized controlled trial

Objective: Our purpose was to determine whether aggressive or expectant management of severe preeclampsia at 28 to 32 weeks is more beneficial to maternal and neonatal outcome. Study Design: Ninety-five eligible patients were randomly assigned to either aggressive (n = 46) or expectant management (n = 49). Aggressive management patients were prepared for delivery, either by cesarean or induction, 48 hours after glucocorticoids were administered. Expectant management patients were managed with bed rest, oral anti hypertensives, and intensive antenatal fetal testing. Results: At the time of randomization there were no differences between the two groups in mean systolic blood pressure (170 ± 9.7 vs 172 ± 9.4 mm Hg), diastolic blood pressure (110 ± 5.4 vs 112 ± 4.2 mm Hg), proteinuria (3.0 ± 2.3 vs 3.6 ± 2.3 gm per 24 hours), and gestational age (30.4 ± 1.6 vs 30.7 ± 1.5 weeks) for the aggressive and expectant management groups. The average latency period in the expectant management group was 15.4 days (range 4 to 36), and this period was not affected by the amount of proteinuria at randomization. There was no eclampsia or perinatal death in either group. The two groups had similar incidences of abruptio placentae (4.1 % vs 4.3%) and similar days of postpartum hospital stay. The expectant management group had a significantly higher gestational age at delivery (32.9 ± 1.5 vs 30.8 ± 1.7 weeks, p Conclusion: Expectant management, with close monitoring of mother and fetus at a perinatal center, reduces neonatal complications and neonatal stay in the newborn intensive care unit.
Interactions of surfactant protein A with epithelial cells and phagocytes.

Abstract Surfactant protein A (SP-A) has been shown to bind to and regulate the functions of both alveolar type II cells and immune cells including alveolar macrophages. The interaction of SP-A with type II cells has been shown in vitro to inhibit lipid secretion and to promote the uptake of lipid by these cells and these observations led to the hypothesis that SP-A plays an important role in regulating surfactant turnover and metabolism. The finding that mice made deficient in SP-A by homologous recombination (SP-A −/− mice) have relatively normal surfactant pool sizes has raised the possibility that either redundant mechanisms function in vivo to keep pool sizes normal in the absence of SP-A or that the in vitro findings are not significant in the context of the whole, unstressed animal. The interaction of SP-A with immune cells has been shown to affect a variety of responses which, in general, function to promote host defense against infection. Although SP-A receptors have been identified, additional studies will be required to elucidate the mechanism of interaction of SP-A with these cells and the relative importance of the different receptors in SP-A mediated regulation of cell function.
ESR studies of the interaction of O2, NO2, N2O, NO and Cl2 with zinc oxide

Abstract An electron spin resonance study of the surface interaction of zinc oxide with oxygen, oxides of nitrogen (NO2, NO and N2O) and chlorine was made. Characteristic spectra obtained following adsorption of NO2 and NO were analyzed and attributed to rigidly adsorbed neutral molecules. Confirmation of the assignment was provided by the use of the respective adsorbates enriched in 15 N(I = 1 2 ) . When vacuum outgassed ZnO was exposed at 25 °C to N2O, NO or Cl2 at low pressures, the complex signal at g ∼ 1.96 was replaced by two signals with g values very close to 1.96. The origin and identity of the signals are discussed. A new signal atg = 2.015 was produced by treatment of ZnO at 25 °C with NO2 or Cl2. The same signal could also be obtained on heating ZnO with small amounts of NO or N2O in the range 250–350 °C. The species responsible for this signal was not identified.
Circular and Uni-Axial Dichroism and Birefringence:. the Emergence of Nonlinear Optical NMR and Esr

The last decade has seen the emergence of new circular and uni-axial, or forward backward, birefringence and dichroism due to magnetic, nonlinear electromagnetic, and under the correct conditions, alternating electric fields. In this review, we explain some of our contributions to this new area of chemical physics, with special reference to fundamental and applied phenomena such as parity violation and nonlinear optical resonance effects set up by various conjugate products of the Maxwellian electromagnetic field.
Use of novel t(11;14) and t(14;18) dual-fusion fluorescence in situ hybridization probes in the differential diagnosis of lymphomas of small lymphocytes.

Increasingly, molecular biologic techniques have become important in the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. In the differential diagnosis of lymphoma(s) of small lymphocytes (LSL), reliable detection of t(11;14) or t(14;18) would confirm the diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) or follicle center lymphoma (FCL), respectively. A total of 87 LSL cases (27 MCL, 39 FCL, 17 small lymphocytic lymphoma [SLL], 3 marginal zone lymphomas, and 1 paraimmunoblastic variant of SLL) were diagnosed by a combination of light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometric immunophenotyping. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for t(11;14) and t( 14;18) using dual-fusion probes (Vysis, Downers Grove, IL) was performed on touch (n = 69) or gravity (n = 18) preparations from these cases. Of 27 MCL cases tested, 25 (93%) had demonstrable t(11;14), none had t(14;18), and 2 were negative for t(11;14) and t(14;18). Twenty-five of 39 (64%) FCL cases had t(14;18), none had t(11;14), and the remaining FCL cases (14 cases [35%]) had neither t(11;14) nor t(14;18). All 17 (100%) SLL cases had neither t(11;14) nor t(14;18). All 3 (100%) marginal zone lymphoma cases had neither t(11;14) nor t(14;18). The case of paraimmunoblastic variant of SLL had t(11;14) and was negative for t(14;18). No discrepant [i.e., positive for both t(11;14) and t(14;18)] or false-positive cases were noted. Interphase FISH using these commercially available probes is a useful adjunct to light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometric immunophenotyping in the diagnosis of LSL. FISH can be performed successfully on archival single-cell preparations (touch preparations or gravity preparations) when fresh tissue is unavailable. No discordant or false-positive cases were identified.
Preservice teachers' discussion of a multicultural young adult novel

Abstract The present study explored preservice elementary teachers’ literature circle discussion of a multicultural young adult novel with a focus on two research questions: (a) How do preservice teachers discuss a multicultural young adult novel? and, (b) What views and theories informed their understanding of literature response discussion? The discussion stances that emerged from the data indicated participants adopted either a literary analysis stance in their discussions or a personal association stance. The more distant literary analysis stance may limit important cross‐cultural insights that might be gleaned from a young adult multicultural novel.
Redefining and Measuring Virtual Work in Teams: An Application of Social Network Analysis

For several decades organizational researchers have explored the practice of using electronic technology to communicate when team members work physically apart from each other. Yet despite a growing body of research in the areas of telework and virtual teams, findings regarding the antecedents and outcomes of virtual work have often been inconsistent and many questions remain. One possible reason for the equivocality of findings regarding this practice is the lack of a common definition and method of measuring virtual work. The purpose of this paper is to present a definition and measure of virtual work that can capture the practice in a variety of settings. The author integrates work from studies on telework and virtual teams to present a new definition of virtual work, the author proposes using social network analysis as a tool to measure virtual work scope, an individual's level of virtual work practice in teams
Evolution of Quasi-Two-Dimensional Squall Lines. Part I: Kinematic and Reflectivity Structure

Abstract Doppler radar observations that establish common patterns in the evolution of the reflectivity and flow structures of squall lines are described. A number of squall lines have been analyzed with unprecedented time resolution in order to identity these patterns. All of the squall lines appeared to be approximately two-dimensional and featured a solid leading edge at some time during their life cycle, instead of being composed of discrete cells separated by echo-free regions. A large variety of intensities and evolution lime scales was observed. It is shown that squall lines of this type evolve through identifiable stages of reflectivity structure. This evolution appears to be strongly related to changes that occur in the kinematic structure. As a typical system evolves, a rearward-sloping zone of horizontal vorticity, predominantly associated with vertical shear, develops on the scale of the system, presumably driven by the horizontal buoyancy gradients across the system. The vorticity that is gen...
H3-proline and tetracycline as marking agents in the study of reparative dentine formation

W hen studying the reparative dentine following indirect pulp-capped teeth, we,l as well as otheq2* 3 assumed that the basophilic line most distant from the pulp represented the calciotraumatic line formed in response to treatment. In cases in which numerous baaophilic lines were present in the dentine, however, it was difficult to determine where the deposition of reparative dentine started. Therefore, it is necessary to mark the dentine at its initial formation, especially if accurate daily rates are of interest. Recent studies have indicated the possible use of nontoxic doses of tetracycline as marking agents for growing calcified tissue. Milch and associates,4~ 5 studying bone localization of tetracycline in rats, reported a characteristic yellowish fluorescence under the ultraviolet light at the retention sites of tetracycline in bone. Such fluorescent sites were observed in newly forming bone and in the continuously growing incisor of the rat. The effects of tetracycline on bone growth, their marking characteristics, the dosimetry, and the toxicity of these agents were studied by &all, Perkins, and Gilda, who found Terramycin a suitable agent for assessing the differential growth changes which take place in growing bones. The in vivo experiments carried out by Harcourt and colleagues,7 who administered tetracycline to growing children, demonstrated that this antibiotic agent was localized in dentine. They found that the fluorescence is associated with a typical globular pattern of calcification in dentine and eementum. Contrary to BevelanderW hypothesis of an inhibitory effect of tetracycline on skeletal growth, Harcourt. and associates7 do not believe that there is any disturbance in mineralization during the banding of dentine as a result of tetracycline therapy. Yellowish fluorescent lines were observed in the dentine of the rat molar by G&n and Johannessen .g These lines were seen to correspond to the periods of tetracycline administration.
The role of prenylation in G-protein assembly and function

Abstract Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G-proteins) are vital components of numerous signal transduction pathways, including sensory and hormonal response systems. G-proteins transduce signals from heptahelical transmembrane receptors to downstream effectors. The localization of a G-protein to the plasma membrane, as well as its interaction with the appropriate receptor and effector, are essential for its function. In addition, the association of a G-protein's subunits to form its trimer is required for interaction with its receptor. The G-protein γ subunits (Gγ) are subject to a set of carboxyl-terminal processing events that include prenylation of a cysteine, proteolysis, and methylation. Recent advances which elucidate the contributions that the post-translational modifications of the Gγ subunit have on the assembly, membrane association, and function of the G-protein trimer reveal that these modifications are required for important protein-protein, in addition to membrane-protein, interactions.
Response—Cuban Health Care

Hirschfeld expresses a skepticism regarding the validity of Cuban health data. Cuba has been publishing annual morbidity and mortality data by age, gender, cause of death, and geographical region since 1970 ([ 1 ][1]). These reports, generated from actual data collected within each polyclinic and
Accounting as Personal Apology

ABSTRACT: What is the role of accounting? Typically, accounting is viewed as a technology to inform business decisions, such as allocation of economic resources within the marketplace. In contrast, public interest scholars emphasize the social role of accounting. For example, accounting mediates relationships among various parties, impacts social outcomes, and justifies the distribution of economic rewards. This paper contributes to the public interest perspective by exploring the origin of double-entry accounting (DEA) as a form of personal apologia. To develop the thesis that DEA originated as a form of personal apology, this paper draws from modern and medieval scholars. During the medieval period, profit seeking and markets were deeply suspect and, thus, medieval merchants occupied a precarious social and moral position. The Catholic Church was active in determining the “just price” for goods. Personal morality and just, balanced relationships were primary factors in the development of DEA. Confession...
Salient time steps selection from large scale time-varying data sets with dynamic time warping

Empowered by rapid advance of high performance computer architectures and software, it is now possible for scientists to perform high resolution simulations with unprecedented accuracy. Nowadays, the total size of data from a large-scale simulation can easily exceed hundreds of terabytes or even petabytes, distributed over a large number of time steps. The sheer size of data makes it difficult to perform post analysis and visualization after the computation is completed. Frequently, large amounts of valuable data produced from simulations are discarded, or left in disk unanalyzed. In this paper, we present a novel technique that can retrieve the most salient time steps, or key time steps, from large scale time-varying data sets. To achieve this goal, we develop a new time warping technique with an efficient dynamic programming scheme to map the whole sequence into an arbitrary number of time steps specified by the user. A novel contribution of our dynamic programming scheme is that the mapping between the whole time sequence and the key time steps is globally optimal, and hence the information loss is minimum. We propose a high performance algorithm to solve the dynamic programming problem that makes the selection of key times run in real time. Based on the technique, we create a visualization system that allows the user to browse time varying data at arbitrary levels of temporal detail. Because of the low computational complexity of this algorithm, the tool can help the user explore time varying data interactively and hierarchically. We demonstrate the utility of our algorithm by showing results from different time-varying data sets.
Mass and lattice effects in trapping: Ar, Kr, and Xe on Pt(1 1 1), Pd(1 1 1), and Ni(1 1 1)

Abstract The trapping probabilities of argon, krypton, and xenon on Pd(1 1 1) and Ni(1 1 1) have been investigated using supersonic molecular beam techniques. The trapping probability of argon exhibits normal incident energy in a similar fashion on both Pd(1 1 1) and Pt(1 1 1) because the mass of argon is significantly less than the surface mass of either Pd or Pt. In contrast, dynamic corrugation in the gas–surface potential is observed for krypton trapping on Pt(1 1 1) and Pd(1 1 1), resulting in a decreased angular dependence of the trapping probability compared to argon. For xenon trapping on Pd significant lattice deformation during the gas–surface collision appears to give rise to total energy scaling. The trapping probability of xenon on Pd(1 1 1) remains high at unusually high incident kinetic energies due to the overall enhanced energy transfer from the incident atom to the lattice. Trapping probabilities of Ar, Kr, and Xe are significantly lower on Ni(1 1 1) than on either Pt(1 1 1) or Pd(1 1 1) despite the lower surface mass of the Ni atoms. This result is attributed to the lower binding energy of the rare gases on Ni(1 1 1) and the higher Debye temperature of Ni. The energy scaling of Ar trapping on Ni(1 1 1) is determined by static corrugation, but the energy scaling for Kr and Xe on Ni(1 1 1) may involve the effects of dynamic corrugation. In the latter cases, the greater stiffness of the nickel lattice decreases the dynamic corrugation relative to Pt(1 1 1) and Pd(1 1 1).
FROM SOFTWARE REUSE TO DATABASE REUSE

Our principal objective in this paper is to show how we have adapted a domain analysis methodology, used previously in software reuse, to the formulation of a single query against federated databases. Currently, we query federated databases by writing queries against each of the legacy databases, merge the responses, and resolve syntactic and semantic differences manually. Such a solution places unacceptable expectations on most users, thus being impractical. In this paper, we propose an approach that requires the instantiation of a single query_class specification against federated databases, that also resolves simple syntactic and semantic differences on demand, without using a global schema for member databases. We illustrate the approach by instantiating a single query_class specification built against three legacy database schemata. In summary, domain analysis tools not only facilitate the formulation of query specifications, but they also help to resolve the database heterogeneity problem.
Modeling and simulation standards products and processes

This paper provides an overview of some modeling and simulation (M&S) standards products and processes (SP&Ps) recently developed or emerging at the Department of Defense (DoD) level. Recent SP&Ps include the formation of a Standards Infrastructure Team to address broad-based standards and standardization needs, guidelines for establishing in infrastructure strategy to support the development of synthetic environments, and an electronic, information-system component containing mid-level summaries of M&S protocols/standards for DoD acquisition program managers (APMs). Emerging SP&Ps include a dial-in, expert system for developing M&S standards profiles by DoD APMs, an electronic M&S standards framework, a "fast track" for the adoption of standards by DoD, seamless interoperability between M&S information systems, and an M&S Data Administration effort for data accessibility and rouse.
10.4.1 Transitioning to Biofuels: A System‐of‐Systems Perspective

Today, almost 60% of the petroleum consumed in the United States is imported. The U.S. transportation sector currently consumes for over two-thirds of the 11 million barrels of oil used in the U.S. each day. Global demand for transportation fuels is increasing dramatically as developing countries expand their economies and become more energy intensive. Clean energy systems are needed to support sustainable global economic growth while mitigating impacts on air quality and greenhouse gas emissions. Biofuels offer a near-term solution for reducing U.S. oil consumption. Transitioning to a significantly larger biofuels industry will require the creation of a robust biomass-to-biofuels system of systems that operates in concert with the existing agriculture, forestry, energy and transportation markets. Using the fuel supply chain infrastructure as a framework, the current petroleum-based transportation economy, a vision for biomass-based fuels and the challenges associated with such a massive market and infrastructure transformation are discussed.
Nicaraguans in Miami-Dade County: Immigration, Incorporation, and Transnational Entrepreneurship

This article examines major characteristics of immigration from Nicaragua to Miami Dade County (MDC). It focuses on the post-revolution period and addresses issues pertaining to major immigration trends and labor market incorporation in light of certain characteristics such as human capital, gender, and immigration status. The ethnic economy of Nicaraguans in MDC is studied against a backdrop of labor market incorporation and immigrant entrepreneurship theories by placing them in a transnational perspective. It demonstrates that Nicaraguans have not developed an “ethnic enclave,” a “trade-oriented community,” or a “middleman minority.” Elements of all three types coexist among Nicaraguans in a truncated fashion in an entrepreneurial formation framed by increasing transnationalism, since the early 1990s. The article addresses several empirical and theoretical issues on these topics.
Langmuir Trough Study of Surfactant Mixtures Used in the Production of a New Ultrasound Contrast Agent Consisting of Stabilized Microbubbles

Span-type surfactants (sorbitan fatty acid esters) and Tween-type surfactants (sorbitan polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters) are employed by us to generate stabilized microbubbles for use in diagnostic ultrasound. After sonication of an aqueous surfactant solution, only some mixtures of Span-type and Tween-type surfactants at certain conditions can form stable microbubbles. This work investigated the stability of the surfactant-stabilized microbubbles by using a Langmuir trough to measure the π−A isotherms of the surfactant monolayer. The experimental results, which agreed with a theoretical analysis of the microbubble stability, indicate that the surfactant-stabilized microbubbles have a solid-condensed monolayer “skin” which functions to reduce the surface tension, prevent coalescence between microbubbles, and increase their aqueous compatibility. The higher surface pressure obtained for the case of a microbubble preparation, compared with that of unsonicated mixtures, indicates that sonication enhances t...
A Three Enzyme Pathway for 2-Amino-3-hydroxycyclopent-2-enone Formation and Incorporation in Natural Product Biosynthesis

A number of natural products contain a 2-amino-3-hydroxycyclopent-2-enone five membered ring, termed C(5)N, which is condensed via an amide linkage to a variety of polyketide-derived polyenoic acid scaffolds. Bacterial genome mining indicates three tandem ORFs that may be involved in C(5)N formation and subsequent installation in amide linkages. We show that the protein products of three tandem ORFs (ORF33-35) from the ECO-02301 biosynthetic gene cluster in Streptomyces aizunenesis NRRL-B-11277, when purified from Escherichia coli, demonstrate the requisite enzyme activities for C(5)N formation and amide ligation. First, succinyl-CoA and glycine are condensed to generate 5-aminolevulinate (ALA) by a dedicated PLP-dependent ALA synthase (ORF34). Then ALA is converted to ALA-CoA through an ALA-AMP intermediate by an acyl-CoA ligase (ORF35). ALA-CoA is unstable and has a half-life of approximately 10 min under incubation conditions for off-pathway cyclization to 2,5-piperidinedione. The ALA synthase can compete with the nonenzymatic decomposition route and act in a novel second transformation, cyclizing ALA-CoA to C(5)N. C(5)N is then a substrate for the third enzyme, an ATP-dependent amide synthetase (ORF33). Using octatrienoic acid as a mimic of the C(56) polyenoic acid scaffold of ECO-02301, formation of the octatrienyl-C(5)N product was observed. This three enzyme pathway is likely the general route to the C(5)N ring system in other natural products, including the antibiotic moenomycin.