cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Toxicity: Causes and Course of Severe Late Effects in the Lungs of Young Cancer Patients

This chapter reviews self-reported outcomes, measured pulmonary outcomes, and risk factors for these outcomes among survivors of childhood cancer. Survivors are at risk for late effects in the lungs due to pulmonary toxic exposures during therapy, including specific chemotherapeutic agents, pulmonary radiation therapy, and thoracic surgery. Those who receive combination therapy or who receive high-dose chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy during hematopoietic stem cell transplants are similarly at increased risk for these late effects. Self-reported pulmonary outcomes have revealed an increased risk of clinical disease, such as lung fibrosis, chronic cough, and recurrent pneumonia, while pulmonary function tests have demonstrated an increased risk for subclinical pulmonary impairment, such as obstructive, restrictive, diffusion, or hyperinflation abnormalities. Due to risks associated with therapy, survivors of childhood cancer should undergo regular surveillance to monitor for late effects in the lungs, because early detection and intervention may prevent severe disease. As therapy for childhood cancer is refined over the years, ongoing studies will continue to evaluate the risk for therapy-related toxicities in the lungs and modify surveillance practices to optimize health and quality of life for survivors of childhood cancer.
In type 2 diabetes, some glucose-lowering drugs reduce HbA1c more than others; drugs do not differ for mortality.

SOURCE CITATION Tsapas A, Avgerinos I, Karagiannis T, et al. Comparative effectiveness of glucose-lowering drugs for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2020;173:278-86. 32598218.
Oculomotor Performance is Associated with Unanticipated Player-to-Player Collisions and Impact Force Exposure in High School Soccer

Purpose: Epidemiological studies point to the occurrence of more than 1.25 million youth sport concussion and musculoskeletal injuries due to player-to-player collisions annually, with approximately 60% of these identified as unanticipated (i.e., preventable) events. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between prospective oculomotor (i.e., visual tracking) performance and unanticipated collision incidence and impact force exposure during high school girls soccer competition. Methods: Forty-four healthy high school female soccer athletes performed two 30 s blocks of prosaccade and self-paced saccade tasks prior to the season. During task …
Instrumental variables in models with multipleoutcomes : the general unordered case

This paper develops the method of local instrumental variables for models with multiple, unordered treatments when treatment choice is determined by a nonparametric version of the multinomial choice model. Responses to interventions are permitted to be heterogeneous in a general way and agents are allowed to select a treatment (e.g. participate in a program) with at least partial knowledge of the idiosyncratic response to the treatments. We define treatment effects in a general model with multiple treatments as differences in counterfactual outcomes that would have been observed if the agent faced different choice sets. We show how versions of local instrumental variables can identify the corresponding treatment parameters. Direct application of local instrumental variables identifies the marginal treatment effect of one option versus the next best alternative without requiring knowledge of any structural parameters from the choice equation or any large support assumptions. Using local instrumental variables to identify other treatment parameters requires either large support assumptions or knowledge of the latent index function of the multinomial choice model.
An improvement to the vertex-splitting conjecture

For a simple graph $G$, denote by $n$, $\Delta(G)$, and $\chi'(G)$ its order, maximum degree, and chromatic index, respectively. A connected class 2 graph $G$ is edge-chromatic critical if $\chi'(G-e) \Delta(G) \lfloor n/2 \rfloor$. Clearly, overfull graphs are class 2 and any graph obtained from a regular graph of even order by splitting a vertex is overfull. Let $G$ be an $n$-vertex connected regular class 1 graph with $\Delta(G) >n/3$. Hilton and Zhao in 1997 conjectured that if $G^*$ is obtained from $G$ by splitting one vertex of $G$ into two vertices, then $G^*$ is edge-chromatic critical, and they verified the conjecture for graphs $G$ with $\Delta(G)\ge \frac{n}{2}(\sqrt{7}-1)\approx 0.82n$. The graph $G^*$ is easily verified to be overfull, and so the hardness of the conjecture lies in showing that the deletion of every of its edge decreases the chromatic index. Except in 2002, Song showed that the conjecture is true for a special class of graphs $G$ with $\Delta(G)\ge \frac{n}{2}$, no other progress on this conjecture had been made. In this paper, we confirm the conjecture for graphs $G$ with $\Delta(G) \ge 0.75n$.
Novel immune engagers and cellular therapies for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: do we take a BiTe or ride BiKEs, TriKEs, and CARs?

Checkpoint inhibitors and currently approved cellular products for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer have not resulted in revolutionary changes in outcomes compared to other solid tumors. Much of this lack of progress is attributed to the unique tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer that is often immunologically cold and immunosuppressive. These unique conditions emphasize the need for novel therapeutic options. In this review, we will discuss progress made in design of T- and NK cell immune engagers in addition to chimeric antigen receptor products specifically designed for prostate cancer that are currently under investigation in clinical trials. We searched peer-reviewed literature on the PubMed and the ClinicalTrials.gov databases for active clinical trials using the terms “bispecific T-cell engager,” “bispecific killer engager,” “trispecific killer engager,” “chimeric antigen receptor,” “metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer,” and “neuroendocrine prostate cancer.” Ten bispecific T-cell engager studies and nine chimeric antigen receptor-based products were found. Published data were compiled and presented based on therapeutic class. Multiple immune engagers and cell therapies are in the development pipeline and demonstrate promise to address barriers to better outcomes for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients.
Myco-kit: Towards a design for interspecies creative learning

This paper explores the design of tools and pedagogies for bio-design understood as a space for children to create and challenge the nature-culture dualism that underpins the environmental crisis. By blurring the boundaries between the learning practices of making and growing, bio-design allows learners to imagine what it means to produce artifacts at the frontier of natural and artificial. We propose the concept of interspecies creative learning to advance in the understanding of learning experiences that engage humans and other living systems in a joint space of creative discovery. Using design-based research, we share the work-in-progress design of Myco-kit, a bio-design toolkit to support interspecies creative learning and advance in the understanding of this concept and its implications for ecologically conscious education.
Head and Neck

Treatment section: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma most commonly affects the oral cavity, oropharynx, and larynx. Traditional risk factors include tobacco, alcohol, and more recently high-risk strains of human papilloma virus (HPV). The mainstay of treatment includes surgery, radiation, and cytotoxic chemotherapy. Recent updates to diagnosis and staging criteria as well as primary treatment modalities are reviewed below for each head and neck subsite.
Neurogastroenterologische Erkrankungen und Störungen der Darm-Hirn-Achse beim geriatrischen Patienten

Neurogastroenterologische Erkrankungen („Motilitatsstorungen“) und Storungen der Darm-Hirn-Achse („funktionelle Erkrankungen“) kommen auch beim alteren Menschen haufig vor und konnen durch eine differenzierte Neurodegeneration im Verdauungstrakt bzw. durch im Alter haufiger vorkommenden Begleiterkrankungen begrundet sein. Sie erzeugen einen hohen Leidensdruck, Inappetenz (u. a. Dysphagie) bzw. soziale Isolation (z. B. Inkontinenz) und eine hohe soziookonomische Belastung. Eine ausfuhrliche Anamnese, u. a. zur Medikamenteneinnahme, und eine Basisuntersuchung, u. a. mit Probetrunk und rektaler Austastung, sind beim geriatrischen Patienten haufig ausreichend. Eine differenzierte weiterfuhrende Diagnostik kann hilfreich sein und sollte individuell eingesetzt werden. Wie die Diagnostik unterscheidet sich die Therapie nicht grundsatzlich von jungeren Patienten.
Search trees: II

The contention between older and younger brothers is a celebrated condition of Hawaiian – indeed Polynesian – myth and practice. Marshall Sahlins, Historical Metaphors and Mythical Realities Children of brothers love one another, children of sisters fear one another. Marshallese proverb, August Erdland, The Marshall Islanders In the conclusion of his monograph on Tonga, Gifford remarked that “the parallels in the social organization of Tonga and the remainder of Polynesia and Micronesia are obvious” (1929:350). Unfortunately he did not elaborate, choosing instead to discuss parallels and possible genetic connections between Oceania and Japan. It is clear, however, that the sexually dual, matrilineal variant of the conical clan is found in the Marshall Islands in eastern Micronesia. It also appears that the Micronesian and Polynesian variants are genetically related, having a common origin in Proto-Oceanic society. Like its Tongan counterpart, the Marshallese conical clan was a socially encompassing, politically expansive structure, associated with asymmetric marriage alliance and implicated in the formation of island empires. Linguistic evidence suggests that the Marshallese variant represents the ancestral form of all the differently permuted forms of social organization in Nuclear Micronesia. The Marshallese conical clan Descent The Marshallese clan, called jowi in the Ralik chain and jou in the Ratak chain, consisted of a group of lineages called bwij , which traced descent through females from a common ancestress (Kramer 1906; Kramer and Nevermann 1938; Erdland 1914; Mason 1947, 1954; Spoehr 1949a, b; Kiste 1974).
Microstructure of In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/N thick epitaxial layers

0.1/spl mu/m thick In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/N epitaxial layers were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition on undoped GaN. GaN layers were /spl sim/2.7/spl mu/m thick and were grown on c-plane sapphire using low-temperature GaN buffer layers. Convergent-beam electron diffraction (CBED) was used to observe the local strain and dislocation density. The indium concentration of the In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/N was measured by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). Using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/N layers cathodoluminescence spectra were studied.
Adenovirus inhibition of cell translation facilitates release of virus particles and enhances degradation of the cytokeratin network.

Abstract Infection of animal cells by a number of viruses generally results in an array of metabolic defects, including inhibition of host DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, and morphological alterations known as cytopathic effects. For adenovirus infection there is a profound loss of cell structural integrity and a marked inhibition of host protein synthesis, the latter generally assumed necessary to enhance virus production. We examined the purpose of viral inhibition of cell translation and found that it was related in part to cytopathic wasting of infected cells. We show that viral shutoff of host translation promotes destruction of the intermediate filament network, particularly cytokeratins which are proteolysed at keratins K7 and K18 by the adenovirus late-acting L3 23-kDa proteinase. We found that if adenovirus is prevented from inhibiting cell translation, the intermediate filament network remains relatively intact, keratin proteins are still synthesized, and cells possess an almost normal morphological appearance and lyse poorly, reducing the release of nascent virus particles by several hundredfold. Remarkably, in tissue culture cells the accumulation of late viral structural proteins is only marginally reduced if host translation shutoff does not occur. Thus, a surprising major function for adenovirus inhibition of cellular protein synthesis is to enhance impairment of cellular structural integrity, facilitating cell lysis and release of progeny adenovirus particles.
Differentiating Culture and the Environments in International Business Courses: The Case in Marketing.

Abstract The author has focused on the problem of repetition in material in international business confounding the course contents. This admixing of material to a large extent comes from the influences of the same cultural and environmental considerations being the source of much information across these courses. The author suggests a way to deal with this admixing through a judicious choice of examples to those impacting the issues in the course. There are many instances where the same cultural or environmental consideration influences some of the main issues in more than one course. The paper suggests the use of an example of that influencer impacting issues that are central to the content of the course being taught. This same strategy involving this same influencer in another course would suggest the use of an example relating to issues pertinent to that course. The use of an influence impacting different issues in different courses forcing a different explanation would help differentiate the courses a...
Productive Use in Acquisition, Accession, and Labour Theory

Contemporary American property scholarship is sceptical of Locke’s theory of labour. Robert Nozick (in Anarchy, State and Utopia (1974)) and Jeremy Waldron (in The Right to Private Property (1986)) are both assumed to have discredited Locke’s conception of labour. Locke’s theory seems incoherent because it seems to trade inconsistently on both rights-based and utilitarian components. And contemporary legal scholars are generally uninterested in how law implements moral theories of rights. In political-philosophy scholarship over the last generation, however, Locke’s theory of labour has been substantially rehabilitated. A more charitable line of scholarship construes Locke – like many natural-law or – rights thinkers before him – as propounding a rights-based theory justifying consequentialist reasoning to secure rights. In this scholarship, the moral right to labour seems more sensible because ‘labour’ is justified in relation to the responsibility to produce goods contributing to human self-preservation or – improvement.This book chapter restates productive labour theory for contemporary legal scholars. The chapter shows how productive labour theory anticipates and avoids the most common sources of scepticism toward labour theory among contemporary legal scholars. The chapter also illustrates how productive labour supplies a moral foundation for legal property rights, some focus to those rights, and a substantial amount of flexibility how to qualify such rights. The chapter illustrates using: the acquisition doctrines for capturing chattels; the tort doctrine regulating disputes in which one appropriator interferes with another’s attempts to capture chattels; and the accession-related fixture and ratione soli rules, both of which take chattels out of the coverage of capture doctrine.
Packet-pair bandwidth estimation: stochastic analysis of a single congested node

We examine the problem of estimating the capacity of bottleneck links and available bandwidth of end-to-end paths under non-negligible cross-traffic conditions. We present a simple stochastic analysis of the problem in the context of a single congested node and derive several results that allow the construction of asymptotically-accurate bandwidth estimators. We first develop a generic queuing model of an Internet router and solve the estimation problem assuming renewal cross-traffic at the bottleneck link. Noticing that the renewal assumption on Internet flows is too strong, we investigate an alternative filtering solution that asymptotically converges to the desired values of the bottleneck capacity and available bandwidth under arbitrary (including non-stationary) cross-traffic. This is one of the first methods that simultaneously estimates both types of bandwidth and is provably accurate. We finish the paper by discussing the impossibility of a similar estimator for paths with two or more congested routers.
Gangs in California's Prison System: What Can Be Done?

Prison gangs pose a significant challenge to the safe administration of California's prison system. This paper examines attempts by various states to curb prison gang activity, and suggests some gang reduction programs California might consider pursuing.
Congenital corrected transposition of the great vessels: Correlation of electrocardiograms and vectorcardiograms with associated cardiac malformations and hemodynamic states☆

Abstract An electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic analysis of 37 cases of corrected transposition revealed that characteristic findings were uniformly present in those cases (group I) in which the cardiac apex was on the expected or correct side in relation to the atrial chambers (on the left in situs solitus; on the right in situs inversus). When dextroversion was present (group II), however, many of these features were absent. The findings typical of the 30 cases in group I were initial QRS vectors directed to the left, anteriorly and superiorly; corresponding electrocardiographic findings of Q waves in the right precordial leads (V 4 R and/or V 1 ) and in lead III with absence of the Q wave in lead V 6 ; and corresponding vectorcardiographic findings of absence of the Q loop (represented by a leftward, straight initial efferent limb of the QRS loop in the horizontal plane). Comparative vectorcardiographic analysis of 25 cases in group I (study group) and 78 control cases without corrected transposition but with comparable associated malformations and hemodynamic states, revealed that the aforementioned characteristic vectrocardiographic findings in the study group were effective in distinguishing between the two groups. Otherwise, the patterns of ventricular hypertrophy in the cases with corrected transposition were, in most cases, similar to those of the control cases. The electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic findings in the 7 cases with dextroversion (group II) were more variable, depending, in part, on the degree of dextroversion. There were, however, such findings as absence of the normal Q loop in the vectorcardiogram in 4 cases and absence of the Q waves in the left precordial leads in 5 cases, which may represent characteristic features of corrected transposition when dextroversion is present. In the over-all approach to the diagnosis of corrected transposition with or without associated cardiac anomalies, the vectorcardiogram proved to be a valuable adjunct to the electrocardiogram in characterizing the electrical events which produce the unusual electrocardiographic features of this condition.
Katrina + 5: Documenting Disaster

“Katrina + 5: Documenting Disaster” was an exhibition open to the public in the late summer and early fall of 2010, at the Williams Gallery, part of The Historic New Orleans Collection on 533 Royal...
Lost Londons: Change, Crime, and Control in the Capital City, 1550-1660

Introduction: rhetorics and records Part I. Change: 1. Troubled times 2. Mapping troubles 3. Streets Part II. Crime: 4. Crime: worlds 5. Crime: words Part III. Control: 6. Court days 7. Bodies 8. Policing: people and policy 9. Policing: night battles 10. Policing: process and prosecution 11. Policing: knowledge Conclusion.
The wisdom of the ego

* Introduction *1. Why Praise the Human Ego? *2. A Matter of Definition *3. Self-Deceptions of Everyday Life *4. Necessary Questions *5. How Can We Prove That Defenses Exist? *6. The Ego and Adult Development *7. Life Histories *8. The Ego and Creativity *9. Sylvia Plath: Creativity and Psychotic Defenses *10. Anna Freud: Mature Defenses *11. Eugene O'Neill: The Maturation of Defenses *12. Disadvantage, Resilience, and Mature Defenses *13. How Does the Ego Mature? * Notes * Acknowledgments * Credits * Index
Coordinated control of lean burn gasoline engines with continuously variable transmissions

We explore the use of a continuously variable transmission (CVT) for torque management during mode transitions in lean burn gasoline engines. These mode transitions are between fuel efficient lean operation and rich operation required for purging an essential exhaust after treatment component of the lean burn engines, the so-called lean NOx trap (LNT). We demonstrate that an intuitively sound CVT gear ratio control strategy which attempts to completely cancel the engine torque disturbance may result in unstable zero dynamics. Several control schemes are then described that coordinate the gear ratio control and engine torque production to achieve stable operation and prevent the torque disturbance caused by the mode transition from affecting the vehicle operation.
Immunologic Memory Induced by a Glycoconjugate Vaccine in a Murine Adoptive Lymphocyte Transfer Model

We have developed an adoptive cell transfer model in mice to study the ability of a glycoprotein conjugate vaccine to induce immunologic memory for the polysaccharide moiety. We used type III capsular polysaccharide from the clinically relevant pathogen group B streptococci conjugated to tetanus toxoid (GBSIII-TT) as our model vaccine. GBS are a major cause of neonatal infections in humans, and type-specific antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide protect against invasive disease. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes from mice immunized with the GBSIII-TT conjugate vaccine conferred anti-polysaccharide immunologic memory to naive recipient mice. The transfer of memory occurred in a dose-dependent manner. The observed anamnestic immune response was characterized by (i) more rapid kinetics, (ii) isotype switching from immunoglobulin M (IgM) to IgG, and (iii) 10-fold-higher levels of type III-specific IgG antibody than for the primary response in animals with cells transferred from placebo-immunized mice. The adoptive cell transfer model described in this paper can be used for at least two purposes: (i) to evaluate conjugate vaccines with different physicochemical properties for their ability to induce immunologic memory and (ii) to study the cellular interactions required for an immune response to these molecules.
Improved resolution in microwave holographic images

Microwave holography is a useful experimental technique for imaging remote or inaccessible objects and for diagnostics of antennas, radomes, and scatterers; however, diffraction restricts image resolution. A method is described for improving resolution in microwave holography. The holograms are spherical or circular. Porter's scalar theory of curved holograms is extended to vector fields by using rectangular components to treat the effects of wave polarization. The mathematical formulation is a Helmholtz diffraction integral. We show that this integral can be written as a convolution for currents on line segments. The convolution is applied to the spatial frequency spectra of images. Theoretical examples, an infinitesimal dipole and a half-wave dipole, are reconstructed exactly, by a theory of analytic continuation. An experimental example is described; it is diffraction of a half-wavelength wide slit in a conducting screen. The analytic continuation of the holographically reconstructed near-field produced images with resolution approximately one quarter wavelength. Before continuation, resolution was 0.6 wavelength. In addition, the boundary condition of the vanishing tangential field over the metal screen is better satisfied by the image produced by continuation.
Behavior of braced and unbraced semi-rigid frames

Abstract The state-of-the-art limit states specification for structural steel buildings explicitly acknowledges the semi-rigid nature of most connections by allowing for the construction of semirigid frames under its Type PR (Partially Restrained) Construction provision. The construction of semi-rigid frames differs from that of rigid frames in that connection behavior must be taken into consideration in the analysis and design process. This paper attempts to shed light on the subject by outlining a methodology for semi-rigid frame analysis. Analytical studies of both braced and unbraced semi-rigid frames are presented. It is found that the use of bracings not only increases the strength and stiffness of semi-rigid frames, but it drastically reduces the sensitivity of the frames to differences in connection behavior. It is further demonstrated that for design application the assumption of linear connection behavior is quite adequate for braced semi-rigid frames.
Shear deformation and strain relaxation in HgCdTe on (211) CdZnTe

Shear strain is present in Hg0.68Cd0.32Te epitaxial layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on (211)-oriented Cd1−yZnyTe substrates. Differences in the substrate zinc composition led to lattice mismatch between the epitaxial layer and the substrate. The shear strain induced by the mismatch was measured using reciprocal space maps in the symmetric (422) and asymmetric (511) and (333) reflections. In addition, strain relaxation through the formation of misfit dislocations was confirmed using double crystal x-ray topography. Both the shear strain and the misfit dislocation density increased with increasing mismatch between the epitaxial layer and the substrate. Lattice-matched layers were free of misfit dislocations and exhibited triple axis diffraction rocking curve widths of approximately 6 arcsec. The combination of a thick epitaxial layer, a low index substrate, and the potential for lattice mismatch indicates that both shear strains and misfit dislocations must be considered in the structural analysis of HgCdTe/CdZnTe heterostructures.
Challenges to Change: Institutionalizing a New University-Wide Faculty Preparation Program.

In implementing a university-wide programmatic innovation to prepare graduate students to become more effective instructors in their future careers as university educators, a faculty development center encountered various types of resistance, ranging from the structural to the cognitive to the affective. Elaborating upon models of organizational change, we discuss principles and strategies that we applied to address concerns, enlist support, and catalyze a significant structural change. Although the strategies are specific to our program, the lessons learned can be used by anyone trying to bring institutional changes to postsecondary education.
Development and testing of Polar Weather Research and Forecasting model: 2. Arctic Ocean

[1] A version of the state-of-the-art Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) has been developed for polar applications. The model known as ‘‘Polar WRF’’ is tested over the Arctic Ocean with a western Arctic grid using 25-km resolution. The model is based upon WRF version 2.2, with improvements to the Noah land surface model and the snowpack treatment. The ocean surface treatment is modified to include fractional sea ice. Simulations consist of a series of 48-h integrations initialized daily at 0000 UTC. The initial 24 h are taken as model spin-up time for the atmospheric hydrology and boundary layer processes. Arctic conditions are simulated for the selected months: January 1998, June 1998, and August 1998 representing midwinter, early summer, and late summer conditions, respectively, from the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) study. The albedo of sea ice is specified as a function of time and latitude for June and as a function of time for August. Simulation results are compared with observations of the drifting ice station SHEBA in the Arctic ice pack. Polar WRF simulations show good agreement with observations for all three months. Some differences between the simulations and observation occur owing to apparent errors in the synoptic forecasts and the representation of clouds. Nevertheless, the biases in the simulated fields appear to be small, and Polar WRF appears to be a very good tool for studies of Arctic Ocean meteorology.
A Fast VUV Light Pulser for Testing Ring-Imaging Cerenkov Counters

A simple, fast, VUV light pulser for testing a TMAE-based, time-projection-chamber-type photon detector for a ring-imaging Cerenkov counter is described. The pulser consists of an automobile spark plug fired in a controlled atmosphere by a relaxation oscillator. The resulting VUV spectrum, spark-current pulse, and light pulse were investigated for hydrogen, xenon, krypton, and nitrogen fills. The best pulse (3.5 ns FWHM) was obtained with hydrogen at 60 kPa absolute pressure. Xenon was, generally, unsuitable because it continued to emit light for more than a microsecond after excitation. With krypton and nitrogen, no light was emitted in the wavelength region of interest except for a series of sharp lines attributable to the electrodes.
Influence of Exercise Condition on Tissue Blood Temperature Using Whole Body Model

Predicting thermal responses of the human body accurately during different exercise conditions is of increasing importance. Computing changes in the core body temperature (Tc) during exercise require detailed modeling of both the body tissue temperature and the time-dependent blood temperature. Predicting changes in Tc is challenging because the model needs to respond effectively to the changes in perfusion or sweating. Our study was to demonstrate the ability of a recently developed whole body heat transfer model. It simulates the tissue-blood interaction to predict the thermal response of the human body under different exercise intensities. The cases simulated were of a human being walking on a treadmill at 0.9, 1.2 and 1.8 m/s for 30 minutes. It was shown that Tc was effectively regulated within 0.17 °C of the steady state value of 37.23 °C for the three cases by means of adjusting the cardiac output; varying between 15 to 25 liters per minute.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Increased Survival of Ultra-violet-irradiated Shigella sonnei by decreasing the Surface Tension

THE role of the surface tension of the suspending medium in the susceptibility of bacteria to ultra-violet irradiation, to our knowledge, has not been examined. During a course of investigations on the effect of ultraviolet light on Shigella sonnei we observed a very interesting relationship between the surface tension (air to liquid) of the fluid in which the organisms were irradiated and the ability to recover from the damaging effects of the irradiation. We have found that, within certain limits, a reduction of the surface tension resulted in increased survival of the irradiated cells.
Hydrodynamic simulation of air bubble implosion using a level set approach

The hydrodynamics of the implosion and rebound of a small (10@mm diameter) air bubble in water was studied using a three-dimensional direct numerical simulation (DNS). To study this problem, we developed a novel stabilized finite element method (FEM) employing a combination of ghost fluid and level set approaches. This formulation treats both the air and water as compressible fluids. Using this method, a transient three-dimensional (3-D) solution was obtained for the implosion (i.e., collapse) and rebound of an air bubble. These simulation results obtained were qualitatively similar to those observed/predicted in previous experimental/numerical studies. The 3-D simulations show that the conditions within the bubble are nearly uniform until the converging pressure wave is strong enough to create very large temperatures and pressures near the center of the bubble. These dynamics occur on very small spatial (0.1-0.7@mm), and time (ns) scales. The motion of the air/water interface during the initial stages of the implosion was found to be consistent with predictions using a Rayleigh-Plesset model. However, the simulations showed that during the final stage of energetic implosions, the bubble can become asymmetric, which is contrary to the spherical symmetry assumed in many previous numerical studies of bubble dynamics. The direct numerical simulations predicted two different instabilities, namely Rayleigh-Taylor type interfacial/surface and shape instabilities. During the violent collapse stage, the bubble deviates from spherical symmetry and deforms into an ellipsoidal-shaped bubble. A linear stability analysis based on spherical harmonics also indicates that an ellipsoidal bubble shape could be expected. Moreover, interfacial instabilities also appear during the later stage of the implosion process. Distinguishing these phenomena with the help of numerical simulations opens new opportunities to understand many features of recent experiments on sonoluminescence and sonofusion.
Morphology of cold-drawn nylon 66.

Nylon 66 spherulites morphology before and after cold drawing from X ray diffraction, light and electron microscopic examination
P53 Binding Protein 1 (53bp1) Is an Early Participant in the Cellular Response to DNA Double-Strand Breaks

p53 binding protein 1 (53BP1), a protein proposed to function as a transcriptional coactivator of the p53 tumor suppressor, has BRCT domains with high homology to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad9p DNA damage checkpoint protein. To examine whether 53BP1 has a role in the cellular response to DNA damage, we probed its intracellular localization by immunofluorescence. In untreated primary cells and U2OS osteosarcoma cells, 53BP1 exhibited diffuse nuclear staining; whereas, within 5–15 min after exposure to ionizing radiation (IR), 53BP1 localized at discreet nuclear foci. We propose that these foci represent sites of processing of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), because they were induced by IR and chemicals that cause DSBs, but not by ultraviolet light; their peak number approximated the number of DSBs induced by IR and decreased over time with kinetics that parallel the rate of DNA repair; and they colocalized with IR-induced Mre11/NBS and γ-H2AX foci, which have been previously shown to localize at sites of DSBs. Formation of 53BP1 foci after irradiation was not dependent on ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS1), or wild-type p53. Thus, the fast kinetics of 53BP1 focus formation after irradiation and the lack of dependency on ATM and NBS1 suggest that 53BP1 functions early in the cellular response to DNA DSBs.
Threshold Effects and Neighborhood Change

In this article, the authors assemble, synthesize, and assess the disparate, fragmented literature concerning thresholds related to neighborhood change. They find several theories of neighborhood change that imply the existence of thresholds and identify six alternative mechanisms for generating threshold effects. They critically examine empirical evidence on changing neighborhood racial group composition, income group composition, social and economic conditions (criminal activity, friendship, teen child-bearing, marriage, educational attainment, employment and earnings, social relationships, health, and welfare dependency), and housing investment. The authors find evidence of threshold effects in dynamics of all these neighborhood attributes. The possibility of identifying thresholds provides guidance to planners for spatially targeting reinvestments to those neighborhoods approaching or past critical thresholds. Future research needs to devise careful empirical tests designed to distinguish the alternat...
Developing cultural competence in working with Korean immigrant families

The authors provide an in-depth examination of the historical background, cultural values, family roles, and community contexts of Korean Americans as an aid to both researchers and clinicians in developing cultural competence with this particular group. First, the concept of cultural competence is defined. A brief history of Korean immigration patterns to the United States and demographic information about Korean Americans are reviewed. Second, Korean cultural values, family structure, and family roles are examined as they impact relationships in research and clinical contexts. Three indigenous concepts (cf. L. Kim, 1992) that may be useful in developing cultural competence include haan (suppressed anger), jeong (strong feeling of kinship), and noon-chi (ability to evaluate social situations through implicit cues). Clinical case examples and accounts from a community-based research perspective illustrate these cultural values. Third, important community resources in the Korean American context are highlighted. Links between cultural competence and “ecological pragmatism” (Kelly, Azelton, Burzette, & Mock, 1994) are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Insulin and glucose modulate glucose transporter messenger ribonucleic acid expression and glucose uptake in trophoblasts isolated from first-trimester chorionic villi.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the effects of insulin and glucose on glucose transport and expression of GLUT1 glucose transporter messenger ribonucleic acid in first-trimester human trophoblast-like cells. STUDY DESIGN: First-trimester human trophoblast-like cells were maintained as a continuous cell line. For 2[ 3 H]deoxy-d-glucose uptake and messenger ribonucleic acid studies the cells were incubated in the presence or absence of insulin (10 −7 to 10 −11 mol/L) or d-glucose (0 to 50 mmol/L) for 0 to 24 hours. Glucose transport was measured by incubating cells with 0.1 mmol/L,2[ 3 H]deoxy-d-glucose for 5 minutes. Specific uptake was determined by incubating companion cultures with 10 μmol/L cytochalasin B. The cells were then solubilized with sodium hydroxide and the radioactivity counted. Data were expressed as nanomoles of 2[ 3 H]deoxy-d-glucose transported per milligram of protein per 5 minutes and analyzed by one-way analysis of variance with post hoc testing by the method of Tukey. GLUT1 messenger ribonucleic acid was measured by Northern blotting of total ribonucleic acid samples hybridized to a phosphorus 32-labeled complementary deoxyribonucleic encoding the rat GLUT1 glucose transporter. As a control for loading efficiency, blots were stripped and rehybridized to a 40-mer phosphorus 32-labeled β-actin oligonucleotide probe. RESULTS: Insulin treatment resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the transport of 2[ 3 H]deoxy-d-glucose at 24 hours ( p −7 mol/L). This change was first detected at 12 hours of incubation. These data closely paralled the insulin-induced increase in GLUT1 messenger ribonucleic acid seen in Northern blots. In contrast to insulin, increasing concentrations of d-glucose did not change the transport of 2[ 3 H]deoxy-d-glucose. However, when cells were incubated in low concentrations of d-glucose (0 or 1 mmol/L), an enhancement in the uptake of 2[ 3 H]deoxy-d-glucose ( p 3 H]deoxy-d-glucose uptake was significant at 9 hours ( p 3 H]deoxy-d-glucose, although the modulation of GLUT1 messenger ribonucleic acid levels by glucose was much less pronounced than in insulin-treated cells. CONCLUSION: Although it has been assumed that the placenta has a limited role in influencing glucose transport to the fetus, our in vitro data demonstrate that both insulin and glucose can modulate glucose transport at the cellular level of the placental trophoblast. Thus maternal insulin and glycemic status may influence the expression of GLUT1, the major trophoblast glucose transporter protein, therefore directly affecting first-trimester placental glucose transport. These in vitro data may help explain the association between maternal glucose abnormalities and impaired fetal development during the first trimester when placental GLUT1 messenger ribonucleic acid expression is at its peak.
INTERACTION CURVES FOR CIRCULAR CYLINDRICAL SHELLS ACCORDING TO THE MISES OR TRESCA YIELD CRITERION

Abstract : A circular cylindrical shell clamped at both ends, supporting an internal pressure P and an axial load T is treated. The relation between P and T at which the rigid/perfectly plastic shell can undergo a small, quasi-static deformation while remaining in equilibrium is investigated. The treatment used may be extended to shells with different end conditions. The basic theory as well as the yield surfaces, exact and approximate are discussed. Some complete and partial solutions are given for two linear yield conditions. Ways to obtain good bounds on the solutions for shells whose material obeys the Tresca and Mises yield conditions respectively are given. (Author)
The Politics of Patronage and the Politics of Kinship: The Meeting of the Ways

Scholarship on patronage in the ancient Mediterranean world abounds but is not unanimous in its understanding of how the patronage system worked, how it was present in the pre-Roman Greek world, an...
Antioxidant activity of amino acids bound to trolox‐C

Various amino acids, selected for their potential antioxidant activity, were, covalently attached to 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox-C), a lower homolog of vitamin E that has great antioxidant effectiveness. The resulting Troloxylamino acids (T-AA) had greater antioxidant effectiveness than Trolox-C in a linoleate emulsion system oxidized by hemoglobin. Troloxyl-tryptophan-methyl ester and Troloxyl-methionine-methyl ester were the most effective T-AA evaluated in the linoleate emulsion. However, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and α-tocopherol were more antioxidant than any T-AA in the emulsion system. In a Schaal oven test at 45 C. Trolox-C was by by far the most effective antioxidant evaluated in corn oil. BHT and Troloxylcysteine had significant antioxidant activity in corn oil, but no other T-AA was antioxidant in corn oil. In butter oil, Trolox-C again had the highest antioxidant activity, and BHA and BHT were also highly antioxidant. All t-AA had antioxidant activity in butter oil, with Troloxyl-methioninc and Troloxyl-cysteine having the grcatest antioxidant effectiveness. The T-AA of highest antioxidant activity were hydrolyzed by chymotrypsin and/or trypsin, in vitro.
Socialization of Achievement Effects of Children's Sex and Age on Achievement Evaluations by Adults

College students (160 males and 192 females) made achievement evaluations for 6- and 11-year-old boys and girls who differed in their efforts and outcomes on a classroom task. Males and females evaluated the performances differently, and both sex and age of the child affected the achievement evaluations. Results from previous studies were discussed and it was suggested that age trends in achievement judgments may be due not simply to cognitive-developmental changes but also to differential socialization practices by adults.
High Resolution Capillary Electrophoresis of Carbon Nanotubes

Purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes by capillary electrophoresis (CE) is demonstrated. Real-time Raman spectroscopy of the separation process and single-wavelength UV/vis detection show the ability of CE to provide high-resolution separations of nanotube fractions with baseline separation. AFM images of collected fractions demonstrate that separations are based on tube length. The separation method is suggested to be based on alignment of the nanotubes along the separation field.
Mixed chloride/phosphine complexes of the dirhenium core. 8. Synthesis and crystal structure of the quadruply bonded dirhenium(III) anion [Re(2)Cl(7)(PMe(3))](-).

A new dirhenium(III) anion [Re2Cl7(PMe3)]- completing the series of complexes Re2Cl8-x(PMe3)x (x = 1, 2, 3, and 4) with the basic monodentate phosphine PMe3 has been prepared by a one-electron oxidation of the dirhenium(II,III) complex Re2Cl5(PMe3)3 in the presence of [Bun4N]Cl as a chloride source. It was isolated in the form of the compound [Bun4N]4[Re2Cl7(PMe3)]2[Re2Cl8]·2CH2Cl2 and was structurally characterized.
Plastic work during fatigue crack propagation in a high strength low alloy steel and in 7050 Al-Alloy

Abstract Theoretically and empirically a fatigue crack propagation rate of the form d c d N ∞ (ΔK) 4 μσ 2 U is indicated where μ is the shear modulus, σ is an appropriate measure of the alloy's strength, and U is the energy to make a unit area of fatigue crack. The local stress-strain curves in the plastic zone around a propagating fatigue crack were determined using tiny foil strain gages. The areas in the hysteresis loops were integrated over the plastic zone for a unit area of crack advance to give an approximate value for U. The non-hysteretic plastic work was neglected in this calculation but its contribution to the total plastic work in the plastic zone near the crack tip is small.
REGULATION OF INDIRECT SOURCES

The Division of Air Pollution Control, Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, has conducted an ambient air quality monitoring project focusing on carbon monoxide levels in and around several indirect sources. An analysis of the data indicates that highway-type pollutant emissions have the greatest impact on receptors in the vicinity of indirect sources. This implies that the principal, localized constraint on the siting of indirect sources will be the carbon monoxide generated on public roadways servicing those indirect sources. Clearly, adequate procedures must be developed to link such highway-type emissions to pollutant concentrations. An area-source model and a line-source model were tested using the data generated during the monitoring project. Favorable results were achieved using the line-source model. The proper siting of indirect sources involves the allocation of roadway capacity by the governmental units responsible for transportation network design, working in conjunction with regional plan...
Multiple-Radar Data Assimilation and Short-Range Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting of a Squall Line Observed during IHOP_2002

Abstract The impact of multiple–Doppler radar data assimilation on quantitative precipitation forecasting (QPF) is examined in this study. The newly developed Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model Advanced Research WRF (ARW) and its three-dimensional variational data assimilation system (WRF 3DVAR) are used. In this study, multiple–Doppler radar data assimilation is applied in WRF 3DVAR cycling mode to initialize a squall-line convective system on 13 June 2002 during the International H2O Project (IHOP_2002) and the ARW QPF skills are evaluated for the case. Numerical experiments demonstrate that WRF 3DVAR can successfully assimilate Doppler radial velocity and reflectivity from multiple radar sites and extract useful information from the radar data to initiate the squall-line convective system. Assimilation of both radial velocity and reflectivity results in sound analyses that show adjustments in both the dynamical and thermodynamical fields that are consistent with the WRF 3DVAR balance constrai...