cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Brand equity and the extendibility of brand names

Abstract Brand extensions represent an opportunity for firms to use the equity built up in the names of existing brands in order to enhance marketing productivity. However, before considering a specific extension, managers must first determine how extendible a brand name is likely to be. We hypothesize that consumer utility for a brand consists of three components and that the extendibility of a brand name is limited by how closely the brand name interacts with the physical product attributes in consumers' utility for the brand in the parent category. If two brands are preferred equally by consumers, but the utility for one brand is partly due to the interaction of the brand name and physical attributes, then that brand name will have a lower value in distant extensions compared to the other brand that does not exhibit these interactions. We develop a model of consumer utility for experimentally testing this hypothesis using several real brand names and their hypothetical extensions. Overall, the results support our model and suggest that in order to maximize future extendibility, a brand should try to enhance the value to consumers of characteristics associated with its brand name such as quality, style, durability, and reputation that are not product-specific.
Geometric transformations for optimum VLSI layout placement

Abstract In this paper we describe the geometric transformation of the system components layout in order to maximize the VLSI placement on the chip area, and to increase the functionality of the whole integrated system. The geometric transformation of each system component is handled by the GEOMETRIA graph description language, which converts the shape of the layout area, occupied by a component, into a new one in order to make it fittable appropriately in the “open holes” at the chip area.
Structure and absolute stereochemistry of tomenphantopin-A and -B two cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactones from elephantopus tomentosus ☆

Abstract The structure and absolute stereochemistry of the new cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactones, tomenphantopin-A and -B, isolated from Elephantopus tomentosus, were determined from spectral data, chemical transformation and single-crystal X-ray analysis. Tomenphantopin-A and -B are two elephantopin-type germacranolides which possess an α-orientation of the oxygen substituent at C-2.
Interlaboratory evaluation of an off-line supercritical fluid extraction and gas chromatography with atomic emission detection method for the determination of organotin compounds in soil and sediments

Abstract A collaborative study was conducted, with eight laboratories participating, to determine the method accuracy and precision of an off-line supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method for organotin compounds. This method involves extraction of organotin compounds from solid matrixes with supercritical carbon dioxide, modified with 5% methanol, at 450 atm and 60°C for 20 min in the static mode followed by 30 min in the dynamic mode. The extracted material was collected in either methylene chloride or on a C18-bonded silica trap followed by a methylene chloride rinse. The extracted material was derivatized with pentyl magnesium bromide and analyzed by gas chromatography with atomic emission detection (GC-AED). The study design was based on the AOAC blind-replicate design with balanced replicates. The study samples consisted of three solid matrixes that were spiked with organotin compounds at 1000 ng/g (as Sn) and one unspiked matrix that contained dibutyltin and tributyltin compounds at independently determined levels. The results of this interlaboratory study indicate that the SFE method works satisfactorily for the tri- and tetra-substituted organotin compounds but that the di-and mono-substituted organotin compounds are quite difficult to extract under these conditions. Higher pressures and different modifiers may be required to enable extraction of the mono- and di-substituted organotin compounds from soils and sediments.
British secondary school students report frequent abdominal pain with associated physical and emotional symptoms

Commentary on: Vila M, Kramer T, Obiols JE, et al. Abdominal pain in British young people: associations, impairment and health care use. J Psychosom Res 2012;73:437–42.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3] Between 20% and 40% of school children have weekly abdominal pain accounting for 2–4% of childhood medical consultations in the USA.1 ,2 Most abdominal pain is functional; no anatomical, biochemical or structural abnormalities are found. The health system burden and impairment of affected children remains poorly understood. Studies cannot … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJournal%2Bof%2Bpsychosomatic%2Bresearch%26rft.stitle%253DJ%2BPsychosom%2BRes%26rft.aulast%253DVila%26rft.auinit1%253DM.%26rft.volume%253D73%26rft.issue%253D6%26rft.spage%253D437%26rft.epage%253D442%26rft.atitle%253DAbdominal%2Bpain%2Bin%2BBritish%2Byoung%2Bpeople%253A%2BAssociations%252C%2Bimpairment%2Band%2Bhealth%2Bcare%2Buse.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252Fj.jpsychores.2012.09.009%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F23148811%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.09.009&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=23148811&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febnurs%2F17%2F1%2F15.atom
Patterns of foot examination in a diabetes clinic

Peripheral vascular disease is a well-known source of morbidity and potential mortality in diabetic patients. Sixty-five subjects with diabetes were studied in order to describe the contributions of the patient, the physician, and the health care system to the performance of a preventive foot examination. The incidences of foot examination on the day of study (12.3 percent) and during the previous year (49.2 percent) were similar to those found by other investigators. The feet of patients at higher risk for limb amputation were not examined with greater frequency at the clinic, although such patients were more often referred to a podiatrist. The most significant determinants of physician foot examination were patient recall of foot-related education received at the clinic and inter-physician variability. These data suggest that the patient, physician, and clinic routine all play an important role in the success of a foot screening program for patients with diabetes.
Simultaneous generation and recording of correlation functions

This paper describes how recording devices which use an intensity modulated beam of light or electrons directed onto the storage medium in a scanning format may be used to simultaneously generate and record a correlation function. The beam intensity distribution at the recording surface must be specially shaped for this purpose, but other than this conventional linear recording techniques are employed.
Consistency and synergy

To the editor: We have read with interest the study by De Bruin et al[1][1] reporting an increased mesothelioma risk among irradiated Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors in The Netherlands. Their almost 30-fold increased risk is similar to that reported by Hodgson et al[2][2] (relative risk = 20), who
Reducing attack surfaces for intra-application communication in android

The complexity of Android's message-passing system has led to numerous vulnerabilities in third-party applications. Many of these vulnerabilities are a result of developers confusing inter-application and intra-application communication mechanisms. Consequently, we propose modifications to the Android platform to detect and protect inter-application messages that should have been intra-application messages. Our approach automatically reduces attack surfaces in legacy applications. We describe our implementation for these changes and evaluate it based on the attack surface reduction and the extent to which our changes break compatibility with a large set of popular applications. We fix 100% of intra-application vulnerabilities found in our previous work, which represents 31.4% of the total security flaws found in that work. Furthermore, we find that 99.4% and 93.0% of Android applications are compatible with our sending and receiving changes, respectively.
Adaptive Control System for Czochralski Growth of Large-diameter Langasite-type Crystals

In this paper, development of a new control system for the growth of crystals by Czochralski and potential impact on crystal quality are presented. This research has been carried out as an aspect of optimization for the growth of high-quality large diameter langasite type crystals. Initial results and experimental setup for LGT (La3 Ga5.5Ta0.5O14) are discussed
Medical liability, risk management, and the quality of health care

The medical malpractice situation in many countries is reaching epidemic proportions. This paper examines the concepts of medical liability and professional risk management, as well as the relationship they play in determining the quality of healthcare services. The role of documentation and accurate record keeping is also stressed. High-risk clinical situations and medication errors are also addressed.
Transcription Initiation from within P Elements Generates Hypomorphic Mutations in Drosophila Melanogaster

Numerous transposable element insertions in Drosophila melanogaster cause hypomorphic mutations. We report that transcription initiation within a region found in many P-element constructs provides an explanation for why some gene function is retained. We detected evidence of this transcription in four different types of P constructs, regardless of whether the insertion was in a coding exon, intron, 5′ untranslated region, or upstream of the gene span.
Physical Conditions, Grain Temperatures, and Enhanced Very Small Grains in Barnard’s Loop

We derive the radio spectral index of Barnard's loop (BL) from large-scale radio surveys at four frequencies and find it to be a thermal source. We use the radio data together with Hα data to determine the electron temperature in BL, the λ Ori H II region, and a high-latitude filament; all of these regions are somewhat cooler than typical H II regions. We perform least-squares fits of the DIRBE diffuse IR intensities to the 21 cm line and radio continuum intensities. After the resolution of a "geometrical conundrum," this allows us to derive the electron density ne; we find ne ≈ 2.0 cm-3 and pressure P/k ≈ 24,000 cm-3 K. Grains within BL are warmer than in H I regions. Trapped Lyα accounts for the extra heating that is required. This is a general effect that needs to be accounted for in all analyses that examine IR emission from H+ regions. Very small grains that emit 60 μm radiation are enhanced in BL relative to H I by a factor of 2-3, while polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that emit 12 μm are probably deficient by a factor of ~ 2.
Immune activation and IL‐12 production during acute/early HIV infection in the absence and presence of highly active, antiretroviral therapy

Suppressed IL-12 production and maladaptive immune activation, both of which are ameliorated by successful highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), are thought to play important roles in the immunopathogenesis of chronic HIV infection. Despite the important effects of the immunological and virological events of early HIV infection on subsequent disease progression, IL-12 production and immune activation in early infection remain under-defined. To quantify IL-12 production and immune activation during acute/early HIV infection, in the presence and absence of HAART, we performed a prospective, longitudinal study of participants in the Baltimore site of the Acute Infection and Early Disease Research Program, with cross-sectional comparison to healthy control subjects. PBMC cytokine productive capacity and plasma immune activation markers [soluble CD8 (sCD8), sCD4, granzyme B, neopterin, beta2-microglobulin, sIL-2R, sTNFRI, sTNFRII, and IL-12p70] were quantified by ELISA. Notably, PBMC from patients with acute/early HIV infection exhibited in vivo IL-12p70 production along with increased, maximal in vitro IL-12 production. Further, despite evidence from plasma markers of generalized immune activation, no elevation in plasma levels of sCD4 was observed, suggesting relative blunting of in vivo CD4+ T cell activation from the beginning of HIV infection. Finally, despite successful virological responses to HAART, heightened in vivo CD8+ T cell activation, IL-12 production, and IFN activity were sustained for at least 6 months during primary HIV infection. These data underscore the need for comparative mechanistic analysis of the immunobiology of early and chronic HIV infection.
Electro-optic polymer modulators for telecommunications applications

Progress in electro-optic (EO) polymer materials and hybrid device designs have led to the demonstration of electro-optic modulators with unprecedented bandwidth (>100 GHz) and drive voltage (~ 0.5 V). We will discuss our development of hybrid EO polymer/sol-gel waveguide modulators that achieve sub-volt drive voltages and superior photostability, while using a low-cost wet etch fabrication process. We also present a figure of merit that assists in the comparison of different EO po/ymer/cladding systems.
On teaching state-space control system design using a MATLAB real-time experiment

Topics in state-space control theory in a senior-level undergraduate course are introduced and investigated using the MATLAB real-time environment and an experimental apparatus. The experiment serves as a continuing application in the course. Specifically, the students explore two different design approaches and explore practical design issues such as unmodeled dynamics, control input usage and nonviscous friction.
Modeling via hole grounds in microstrip

A simple model for a cylindrical via hole in a microstrip is presented. The model is based on a modification of the inductance of a cylindrical conductor as derived from Maxwell's equations. The model was verified experimentally, and is corroborated by other solutions using numerical techniques. >
Isolation and Morphology of Temperate Agrobacterium tumefaciens Bacteriophage

Zimmerer, Robert P. (The Pennsylvania State University, University Park), Robert H. Hamilton, and Christine Pootjes. Isolation and morphology of temperate Agrobacterium tumefaciens bacteriophage. J. Bacteriol. 92:746-750. 1966.-Lysogeny was detected in 14 strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens among 130 bacterial strains tested with strain B-6 used as the host. Partial lysis was observed with 13 additional bacterial strains. Morphological studies of five strains showed that the phage had similar features. A typical phage (Lv-1) had a polyhedralshaped head, approximately 71 by 63 mmu, and a tail, approximately 211 mmu by 9.5 mmu. The phage nucleic acid was found to be deoxyribonucleic acid. The bacteriophage have been designated L (for lysogenic) followed by the bacterial strain designation in lower case letters.
Frequency-domain techniques for the cyclostationary signals encountered in fractionally-spaced equalizers

Frequency-domain filtering is effective both for realizing asymptotically orthogonalized designs which can rapidly acquire a signal with a large eigenvalue spread and for realizing efficient block implementations. However, most previous work in this area has assumed a stationary input signal. The authors further define the extensions necessary to accommodate the cyclostationary signal seen by a fractionally spaced equalizer. When the cyclostationary nature of the signal is exploited, the asymptotically exact Wiener solution can be realized by two equivalent architectures. The first architecture results from demultiplexing the input data into parallel, decimated, stationary signals which are individually transformed. Postprocessing then coherently combines corresponding frequency bins. The second, equivalent, architecture results from direct transformation of the input cyclostationary signal. Postprocessing coherently combines frequency bins, which exhibit spectral correlation. Special periodic noise spectra are identified which expedite collapsing to half the number of spectral bins. >
A compiler and runtime infrastructure for automatic program distribution

This paper presents the design and the implementation of a compiler and runtime infrastructure for automatic program distribution. We are building a research infrastructure that enables experimentation with various program partitioning and mapping strategies and the study of automatic distribution's effect on resource consumption (e.g., CPU, memory, communication). Since many optimization techniques are faced with conflicting optimization targets (e.g., memory and communication), we believe that it is important to be able to study their interaction. We present a set of techniques that enable flexible resource modeling and program distribution. These are: dependence analysis, weighted graph partitioning, code and communication generation, and profiling. We have developed these ideas in the context of the Java language. We present in detail the design and implementation of each of the techniques as part of our compiler and runtime infrastructure. Then, we evaluate our design and present preliminary experimental data for each component, as well as for the entire system.
Hydrothermal synthesis and properties of Ce1−xEuxO2−δ solid solutions

Abstract The structure, thermal expansion coefficients and ionic and electronic conductivities of Ce1−xEuxO2−δ (x=0–0.50) solid solutions, prepared hydrothermally for the first time, were investigated. The uniformly small particle size (40–55 nm) of the hydrothermally prepared materials allows sintering of the samples into highly dense ceramic pellets at 1300–1400°C, a significantly lower temperature than 1600–1650°C, which is required for samples prepared by solid-state techniques. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to establish the pure Eu3+ character of the europium ions; XAS also reflects local disorder effects. The highest conductivity was found for Ce0.85Eu0.15O1.925−δ (σ700°C=2.6×10−2 S/cm, Ea=0.66 eV) with predominantly oxide-ion mobility.
Entangled Objects: Exchange, Material Culture, and Colonialism in the Pacific

Entangled Objects: Exchange, Material Culture, and Colonialism in the Pacific. NICHOLAS THOMAS. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991. 259 pp., 31 b/w illustration, 4 maps. $32.50 (cloth), $14.95 (paper).
Industrial Ecology: Paradigm Shift or Normal Science?

Industrial ecology is an evolving framework for the analysis and design of public policy, corporate strategy, and technological systems and products. Its metaphorical denotation springs from conceptual models characteristic of sustainable or long-lived ecosystems. Some authors stress the material and energy flows within a system of producers and consumers and aim to build knowledge about these flows that can be used for such design purposes as above. Others see industrial ecology primarily in its more metaphorical sense as providing new normative themes for a possibly sustainable world. Such norms include connectedness, cooperation, and community. These particular norms are, more or less, contrary to prevailing elements of social structures in market-based, industrialized nations. The paradigmatic, normative potential of industrial ecology is contrasted with its potential as an emerging “science” of sustainability.
Outside the Box and Inside the Curriculum: How Active Learning Enhances Teaching and Enlivens Classrooms

In classroom teaching, especially in multicultural settings, conflict-affected regions, or other challenging contexts, the gap between expectations and reality can be jarring for students and teachers alike. However, child-centered approaches can be particularly helpful in quieting this dissonance. The active learning approach places students and teachers on the same team and fosters confidence and agency in the classroom. While this approach may be particularly difficult in cultures with high power distance, where a strong separation exists between superior and subordinate actors—in this case, teachers and students—child participation is critical to building the 21st century skills in problem solving, analysis, and critical thinking that will be essential to a brighter, more sustainable future. By engaging students in discussions about their lessons, providing differentiated learning opportunities that acknowledge and celebrate a variety of learning styles and competencies, and granting students the free...
Motor skill learning and performance: a review of influential factors.

Objectives Findings from the contemporary psychological and movement science literature that appear to have implications for medical training are reviewed. Specifically, the review focuses on four factors that have been shown to enhance the learning of motor skills: observational practice; the learner’s focus of attention; feedback, and self-controlled practice. Observational Practice Observation of others, particularly when it is combined with physical practice, can make important contributions to learning. This includes dyad practice (i.e. practice in pairs), which is not only cost-effective, but can also enhance learning. Focus of Attention Studies examining the role of the performer’s focus of attention have consistently demonstrated that instructions inducing an external focus (directed at the movement effect) are more effective than those promoting an internal focus (directed at the performer’s body movements). An external focus facilitates automaticity in motor control and promotes movement efficiency. Feedback Feedback not only has an informational function, but also has motivational properties that have an important influence on learning. For example, feedback after successful trials and social-comparative (normative) feedback indicating better than average performance have been shown to have a beneficial effect on learning. Self-Controlled Practice Self-controlled practice, including feedback and model demonstrations controlled by the learner, has been found to be more effective than externally controlled practice conditions. Conclusions All factors reviewed in this article appear to have both informational and motivational influences on learning. The findings seem to reflect general learning principles and are assumed to have relatively broad applicability. Therefore, the consideration of these factors in designing procedures for medical training has the potential to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of training. Medical Education 2010: 44: 75–84
Toward a Framework for Construction Ethics Education: A Meta-Framework of Construction Ethics Education Topics

Research suggests that certain practices of the construction industry have left the construction profession with an unethical stigma. In order to curb such behavior, construction programs should provide students with an awareness of unethical practices of the profession as the first step towards ethical decision-making. The intent of this study is to suggest a topic-based meta-framework for teaching ethics to construction students, highlighting what non-educational construction research considers ethical topics. This study uses qualitative textual analysis to extract ethical topics from noneducational research from 65 research papers that closely relates themes of construction and ethical issues of the profession. Emergent themes (modules) based on topic extraction groups into two categories of ethical issues in construction practice i.e., professional issues and societal issues. It is the authors’ hopes that the list of ethical topics and modules developed are a source of inspiration for those educators honored with the duty to instruct.
iSTART: paraphrase recognition

Paraphrase recognition is used in a number of applications such as tutoring systems, question answering systems, and information retrieval systems. The context of our research is the iSTART reading strategy trainer for science texts, which needs to understand and recognize the trainee's input and respond appropriately. This paper describes the motivation for paraphrase recognition and develops a definition of the strategy as well as a recognition model for paraphrasing. Lastly, we discuss our preliminary implementation and research plan.
Maintenance bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy for recurrent TA, T1 and carcinoma in situ transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a randomized Southwest Oncology Group Study.

Purpose:: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy has been widely accepted as the optimal treatment for carcinoma in situ and high grade superficial transitional cell carcinoma. However, controversy remains regarding the role of maintenance therapy, and its long-term effect on recurrence and progression.Materials and Methods:: All patients in the study had transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder with carcinoma in situ or an increased risk of recurrence. The criteria for increased risk were 2 or more episodes of tumor within the most recent year, or 3 or more tumors within 6 months. At least 1 week following biopsy of carcinoma in situ and resection of any stage Ta or T1 transitional cell tumors 660 patients were started on a 6-week induction course of intravesical and percutaneous Connaught BCG. Three months following initiation of BCG induction therapy 550 consenting patients were stratified by purified protein derivative skin test and the presence of carcinoma in situ, and then randomized by cen...
Weber's law modeled by the mathematical description of a beam balance

A beam balance is analyzed as a model that describes Weber’s law. The mathematical derivations of the torques on a beam balance produce a description that is strictly compatible with that law. The natural relationship of the beam balance model to Weber’s law provides for an intuitive understanding of the relationship of Weber’s law to sensory and receptor systems. Additionally, this model may offer a simple way to compute perturbations that result from unequal effects on coupled steady-state systems. A practical outgrowth from this work is that a relatively simple mathematical description models sensory phenomena and may aid in the understanding of sensory and receptor systems.
Initial Experience With a Miniaturized Multiplane Transesophageal Probe in Small Infants Undergoing Cardiac Operations

Purpose There has been reluctance to use intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in small infants. We assessed the utility and safety of a new miniaturized multiplane micro-TEE probe in small infants undergoing cardiac operations. Description Hemodynamic and ventilation variables were prospectively recorded before and after micro-TEE insertion and removal in infants weighing 5 kg or less undergoing cardiac operations. Evaluation The study included 42 patients with a mean weight of 3.6 ± 0.9 kg (range, 1.7 to 5 kg). All probe insertions were successful. There were no complications or clinically significant changes in hemodynamic or ventilation variables. Information provided by TEE resulted in surgical revision in 6 of the 42 patients. Conclusions The micro-TEE provides high quality, useful diagnostic images without hemodynamic or ventilation compromise in small infants undergoing cardiac operations. This advance is important with the growing trend towards complete repair of complex structural heart disease in small infants.
Analyse und Kontrolle der Vertriebs- und Verwaltungskosten

Auch zur Kontrolle der Vertriebs- und Verwaltungskosten wird ein Abteilungsbudget aufgestellt, in dem jede Kostenart auf Grund der Erfahrungen im vergangenen Jahre oder auf Grund der Beurteilung des Verkaufsleiters, des Burovorstandes und des Controllers vorgeschatzt ist. Am Ende des Monats erhalten die Abteilungsleiter Budgetberichte zum Soll-Istvergleich. Auch in den Vertriebsund Verwaltungsabteilungen sind Kostenkontrolle und Kosten-Senkung wichtige Ziele. Aber im Vertrieb liegt die Betonung auf dem Verkaufen, also mehr auf der Leistung als auf den Kosten. Zumal es keine so direkte Bindung zwischen Verkaufserfolg und Vertriebskosten gibt wie etwa zwischen Stromverbrauch und Maschinenstunden. Im Gegenteil, eine zu starke Kurzung der Vertriebskostenbudgets konnte zu einer Beschrankung der Verkaufstatigkeit fuhren. Die Analyse und Kontrolle der Vertriebskosten erstreckt sich weit uber die Budgetierung hinaus. Die Vertriebskostenrechnung verlangt eine Vertriebskostenbestimmung fur unternehmerische Entscheidungen, so das sie wesentlicher Teil der gesamten Planung und Geschaftspolitik sind. Folgende Informationen werden von der Vertriebskostenrechnung erwartet: der Ertrag der einzelnen Verkaufsgebiete, der Ertrag der einzelnen Kundenklassen, z. B. Groshandel, Einzelhandler, private, stadtische oder staatliche Anstalten usw., der Ertrag der einzelnen Produkte oder Produktgruppen die Kosten der Kundenauftrage durch Verkauferbesuche, Telefon oder Post.
Deployment of Fuel Cell Electric Buses in Transit Agencies: Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Scenarios

For transit agencies looking to implement Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEV), Fuel Cell Electric Buses (FCEBs) represent an opportunity because of the similar range and refueling times compared to conventional buses, but with improved fuel economy. To assure an environmentally sensitive hydrogen infrastructure that can respond to the wide range of needs and limitations of transit agencies, a systematic evaluation of options is essential. This paper illustrates the systematic evaluation of different hydrogen infrastructure scenarios for a transit agency. The Orange County Transportation Authority (OCTA) in California was selected for the study.Three different hydrogen infrastructure configurations are evaluated and compared to the existing paradigm of compressed natural gas buses and diesel buses. One additional scenario is analyzed in order to compare feasibility and environmental benefits of FCEBs with Plug-in Electric Buses. Each scenario represents (1) a specific mix and percentage of contribution from the various hydrogen generation technologies (e.g., on-site electrolysis, central SMR, and on-site SMR), (2) defined paths to obtain the corresponding feedstock for each generation process (e.g., biogas, natural gas, renewable energies), (3) detailed hydrogen distribution system (e.g., mix of gaseous/liquid truck delivery), and (4) the spatial allocation of the generation location and fueling locations (e.g., on-site / off-site refueling station) while also accounting for constraints specific to the OCTA bases.This systematic evaluation provides Well-to-Wheel (WTW) impacts of energy and water consumption, greenhouse gases and criteria pollutant emissions of the processes and infrastructure required to deploy FCEBs and Plug-in Electric Buses at OCTA. In addition, this evaluation includes a detailed analysis of the space requirements and operations modifications that may be necessary, but yet feasible, for the placement of such infrastructure.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Adolescent Sexual Well-being in the 21st Century

"…adolescents are less satisfied with their romantic relationship, but not necessarily their sexual relationship, with online partners compared to those with partners met on-line." With this observation, Blunt et al. (this issue) contribute to a more refined, clinically relevant research agenda for adolescents' sexual well-being. I shall make other comments later about the results described in this article. The authors themselves do not directly address “sexual well-being” but I believe their work contributes precisely to this topic. A sexual well-being perspective could supplant an outmoded—but still widely taken—sexual risk perspective that does not countenance the possibility of healthy sex (other than abstinence) during adolescence. A sexual well-being perspective is based in notions of well-being as a developmentally appropriate outcome of the multiple types of experiences of sexuality possible during adolescence. I have focused on sexual well-being rather than the more widely used phrase “sexual health” to incorporate relevant dimensions of well-being in addition to health: personal security; attachment to others; appropriate functioning; self-determination; and respect for self and others... Language: en
The Small-College Communication Program: An Assessment of Communication Program Organization and Curricula at Private Liberal Arts Colleges in the Midwest and South

The study investigates selected features of communication degree programs at small, private liberal arts colleges in the Midwest and South. Topics covered include how communication programs at such colleges are organized at the departmental level, what courses are most commonly offered in small-college communication programs, and what course enrollment limits are typical for such programs. Our findings suggest that communication programs are now commonly found at such institutions, with most housed in academic units that refer to communication in the unit name. Beyond relatively widespread commitments to restricting course enrollments, these programs are generally marked by great diversity in their course offerings and apparent foc
New Empiricisms and New Materialisms Conditions for New Inquiry

This article, which introduces this special issue on new empiricisms and new materialisms, focuses on two of the many conditions that enable this new work: first, an ethical imperative to rethink t...
Human adipose tissue as a reservoir for memory CD4+ T cells and HIV.

Objective The objective of this study is to determine whether adipose tissue functions as a reservoir for HIV-1. Design We examined memory CD4(+) T cells and HIV DNA in adipose tissue-stromal vascular fraction (AT-SVF) of five patients [four antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated and one untreated]. To determine whether adipocytes stimulate CD4(+) T cells and regulate HIV production, primary human adipose cells were cocultured with HIV-infected CD4(+) T cells. Methods AT-SVF T cells were studied by flow cytometry, and AT-SVF HIV DNA (Gag and Env) was examined by nested PCR and sequence analyses. CD4(+) T-cell activation and HIV production were measured by flow cytometry and ELISA. Results AT-SVF CD3(+) T cells were activated (>60% CD69(+)) memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in uninfected and HIV-infected persons, but the AT-SVF CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio was lower in HIV patients. HIV DNA (Gag and Env) was detected in AT-SVF of all five patients examined by nested PCR, comparably to other tissues [peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), lymph node or thymus]. In coculture experiments, adipocytes increased CD4(+) T-cell activation and HIV production approximately two to three-fold in synergy with gamma-chain cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL7 or IL15. These effects were mitigated by neutralizing antibodies against IL6 and integrin-α1β1. Adipocytes also enhanced T-cell viability. Conclusion Adipose tissues of ART-treated patients harbour activated memory CD4(+) T cells and HIV DNA. Adipocytes promote CD4(+) T-cell activation and HIV production in concert with intrinsic adipose factors. Adipose tissue may be an important reservoir for HIV.
Modelling of Pyrolytic Laser Direct-Writing from Thin Metalorganic Films

A one-dimensional model for pyrolytic laser direct-writing of metal features from thin metalorganic films is presented. The model extends previous results for scanning laser crystallization by including separate but coupled mass and energy balances and allowing for variations in the optical properties and thermal conductivity in the film as it decomposes. A finite element approach is used to obtain solutions to the steady state and transient model forms. The model predicts the existence of multiple steady states for a range of laser powers when the optical absorbance is a nonlinear function of the fractional conversion in the film. These predictions agree qualitatively with multiple steady states that have been observed in direct-writing of palladium features from palladium acetate films. Experimental results that demonstrate multiplicity in the palladium acetate system are presented. The model also predicts the existence of periodic solutions that correspond to the periodic features that have been reported for direct-writing of gold features from organogold films.
The HER2- and heregulin β1 (HRG)-inducible TNFR superfamily member Fn14 promotes HRG-driven breast cancer cell migration, invasion, and MMP9 expression.

HER2 overexpression occurs in 15% to 20% of all breast cancers and is associated with increased metastatic potential and poor patient survival. Abnormal HER2 activation, either through HER2 overexpression or heregulin (HRG):HER3 binding, elicits the formation of potent HER2–HER3 heterodimers and drives breast cancer cell growth and metastasis. In a previous study, we found that fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14), a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, was frequently overexpressed in human HER2+ breast tumors. We report here that HER2 and Fn14 are also coexpressed in mammary tumors that develop in two different transgenic mouse models of breast cancer. In consideration of these findings, we investigated whether HER2 activation in breast cancer cells could directly induce Fn14 gene expression. We found that transient or stable transfection of MCF7 cells with a HER2 expression plasmid increased Fn14 protein levels. Also, HRG1-β1 treatment of MCF7 cells transiently induced Fn14 mRNA and protein expression. Both the HER2- and HRG1-β1–induced increase in Fn14 expression in MCF7 cells as well as basal Fn14 expression in HER2 gene-amplified AU565 cells could be reduced by HER2 kinase inhibition with lapatinib or combined HER2 and HER3 depletion using siRNA. We also report that Fn14-depleted, HER2-overexpressing MCF7 cells have reduced basal cell migration capacity and reduced HRG1-β1–stimulated cell migration, invasion, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression. Together, these results indicate that Fn14 may be an important downstream regulator of HER2/HER3–driven breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Mol Cancer Res; 11(4); 393–404. ©2013 AACR .
High-voltage, high-energy layered-spinel composite cathodes with superior cycle Life for lithium-ion batteries

The unique structural characteristics and their effect on the electrochemical performances of the layered-spinel composite cathode system xLi[Li0.2Mn0.6Ni0.17Co0.03]O2–(1 – x)Li[Mn1.5Ni0.425Co0.075]O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) have been investigated by a systematic analysis of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) data, neutron diffraction data (ND), electrochemical charge–discharge profiles, and electrochemical differential–capacity measurements. In the 0.5 ≤ x < 1 samples, the capacity and energy density of the composite cathodes gradually increase during 50 cycles with a change in the shape of the charge–discharge profiles. Ex situ X-ray diffraction data reveal two important findings, which account for the superior cycle performance: (i) the layered phase in the composite cathodes (x = 0.5 and 0.75) undergoes an irreversible phase transformation to a cubic spinel phase during extended electrochemical cycling, and the newly formed spinel phase exhibits only a 3 V plateau without any 4 or 4.7 V plateau as both Mn and Ni are pre...
Suppressants of Gut Bacteria in the Boll Weevil from the Cotton Plant

Several constituents of the cotton plant, Gossypium hirsutum L., including gossypol, caryophyllene, gallic acid, and tannins, were identfied as effective suppressants of gut bacteria found in Anthonomus grandis Boheman. A diet containing the high gossypol faction from cotton-seed as the principal protein source suppressed the growth of gut bacteria and slightly improved egg hatch of this insect.
Electron partitioning in soluble organic products by wild-type and modified Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

Abstract The partitioning of electrons photosynthetically fixed in carbon by the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was evaluated for up to 24-day batch cultures continuously exposed to incident light intensity (LI) from 111 to 598 μEm −2 s −1 . The fate of fixed electrons was assayed by Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in biomass, generic soluble microbial products (SMP), and excreted laurate (for a modified strain). Because SMP is not a valuable product, light energy embedded in SMP is wasted. Normalized to the total COD (TCOD), wild-type Synechocystis partitioned 75–84% of its TCOD in particulate biomass and 16–25% in generic SMP. A strain modified to excrete lauric acid partitioned 6.6%–10% of its TCOD in laurate, 21%–30% in generic SMP, and 64%–69% in particulate biomass. The greatest electron partitioning in SMP occurred with the highest LI tested, which suggests that moderating the LI in the photobioreactor is a promising mean to accentuate the production of valuable forms of photosynthetically fixed electrons.
Management of Postoperative Bleeding after Tonsillectomy

Tonsillectomy is a safe operative procedure today, but hemorrhage remains a continuing problem. Excessive bleeding requires prompt attention by the surgeon and immediate treatment. Should local measures to control bleeding fail, external carotid artery ligation may be a life-saving procedure.
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: a review and case report

A case involving a 5-year-old girl with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is presented. A review of the disease and the treatment options for patients is discussed.
Prescriptions Filled Following an Opioid-Related Hospitalization

Objective:The purpose of this study was to identify patterns of postdischarge prescription fills following an opioid-related hospitalization.Methods:Using the 2010–2014 MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database, this analysis identified the percentage of patients (N=36,719) with an opioid-related inpatient admission who received substance use disorder treatment medications within 30 days of being discharged.Results:Thirty-five percent of the sample did not have any prescription fills in the 30-day postdischarge period. Less than a quarter (16.7%) of patients received any FDA-approved opioid dependence medication in the 30 days following discharge. Forty percent of patients in the sample received antidepressants, 15.6% received antipsychotics, 13.9% filled a prescription for a benzodiazepine, and 22.4% filled a prescription for an opioid pain medication.Conclusions:More effort is needed to ensure that patients hospitalized for opioid misuse are receiving recommended services.
Physiology of lung resection

Although we speak intuitively about the effects of lung resection, little thought is given to the precise physiologic mechanisms. The effects of different thoracic incisions on the chest wall mechanics, the removal of pulmonary parenchyma on lung function, and the interaction of the cardiopulmonary apparatus all combine to result in specific physiologic derangements after thoracic surgery.
Range Potential of Pennsylvania Upland Plant Communities: Mineral Concentrations of Selected Plant Species1

ABSTRACT The purpose of this trial was to determine the mineral concentration of various weeds that could potentially be part of the grazing animal's diet. Mineral content of plant species from three ungrazed and unimproved upland range communities (old field, young pine, and established hardwood) were evaluated at three locations in Pennsylvania. Vegetation samples were obtained in the spring, summer, and fall from each of the nine community-location combinations. A total of 31 species were analyzed for Mg, P, Ca, K, and Cu concentrations. Mineral values were compared to published dietary recommendations for beef and sheep and to mean compositions of corn silage, grass hay, and legume hay also sampled in Pennsylvania. Practically all sampled weeds met or exceeded beef and sheep dietary recommendations for Mg and Ca concentrations, with a lesser proportion of weed species meeting or exceeding P dietary recommendations. Several weed species sampled had an undesirably high Ca:P ratio, but the K:(Ca + Mg) ratio indicated that weeds were not generally tetanigenic. These results suggested that plant species growing in unmanaged communities can contribute macrominerals (particularly Mg and Ca) and microminerals (Cu) in sufficient amounts to negate or reduce the incidence of hypomagnesemia and other metabolic diseases. The community and geographic location in which sampled plants grew were generally not important in detennining mineral concentrations. Season tended to be more important than location, but also had minor effects on Mg, P, Ca, K, and Cu concentrations.
Measuring a transmon qubit in circuit QED: Dressed squeezed states

Using circuit QED, we consider the measurement of a superconducting transmon qubit via a coupled microwave resonator. For ideally dispersive coupling, ringing up the resonator produces coherent states with frequencies matched to transmon energy states. Realistic coupling is not ideally dispersive, however, so transmon-resonator energy levels hybridize into joint eigenstate ladders of the Jaynes--Cummings type. Previous work has shown that ringing up the resonator approximately respects this ladder structure to produce a coherent state in the eigenbasis (a dressed coherent state). We numerically investigate the validity of this coherent-state approximation to find two primary deviations. First, resonator ring-up leaks small stray populations into eigenstate ladders corresponding to different transmon states. Second, within an eigenstate ladder the transmon nonlinearity shears the coherent state as it evolves. We then show that the next natural approximation for this sheared state in the eigenbasis is a dressed squeezed state and derive simple evolution equations for such states by using a hybrid phase--Fock-space description.
Spreading activation in emotional memory networks and the cumulative effects of somatic markers.

The theory of spreading activation proposes that the activation of a semantic memory node may spread along bidirectional associative links to other related nodes. Although this theory was originally proposed to explain semantic memory networks, a similar process may be said to exist with episodic or emotional memory networks. The Somatic Marker hypothesis proposes that remembering an emotional memory activates the somatic sensations associated with the memory. An integration of these two models suggests that as spreading activation in emotional memory networks increases, a greater number of associated somatic markers would become activated. This process would then result in greater changes in physiological functioning. We sought to investigate this possibility by having subjects recall words associated with sad and happy memories, in addition to a neutral condition. The average ages of the memories and the number of word memories recalled were then correlated with measures of heart rate and skin conductance. The results indicated significant positive correlations between the number of happy word memories and heart rate (r = .384, p = .022) and between the average ages of the sad memories and skin conductance (r = .556, p = .001). Unexpectedly, a significant negative relationship was found between the number of happy word memories and skin conductance (r = −.373, p = .025). The results provide partial support for our hypothesis, indicating that increasing spreading activation in emotional memory networks activates an increasing number of somatic markers and this is then reflected in greater physiological activity at the time of recalling the memories.