cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the early cellular membrane response to live Escherichia coli bacteremia.

Alterations in skeletal muscle cellular function during septic shock have been previously demonstrated. However, whether these alterations represent a specific response to the septic state or are simply a consequence of low flow is uncertain. The present study was designed to evaluate the cellular membrane response to the early bacteremic state, prior to the onset of hemodynamic compromise. A clinically relevant model of sepsis was achieved in six mongrel dogs by intraarterial infusion of live Escherichia coli organisms and concurrent volume loading with lactated Ringer's solution. Four sham-treated dogs served as controls. Forty-eight hours after induction of sepsis, resting transmembrane potential (Em) was measured in a hindlimb adductor muscle. Contemporaneous muscle biopsy was performed for determination of transmembrane water and electrolyte distribution. The bacteremic state was associated with depolarization of Em to −79.7 ± 1.2 mV from a basal value of −89.3 ± 0.2 mV (P < 0.01), while Em in the sham-treated group remained unchanged over the same time course. In addition, there was a significant increase in the calculated intracellular Na+ and Cl− concentrations in the septic group (P < 0.02), while intracellular K+ was unchanged. These data are consistent with a selective increase in cell membrane permeability to Na+ and indicate that cellular alterations in skeletal muscle occur early in the septic course, in the absence of hemodynamic compromise. This alteration in membrane permeability appears to be common to cells of disparate organ systems in response to sepsis, and may represent a protean manifestation of cellular injury.
The distribution of lateral funicular and cortical fibers to the dorsal column, Z and X nuclei in the prosimianGalago

Abstract The distribution of lateral funicular and cerebral corticofugal fibers to the dorsal column, Z and X nuclei were studied in the prosimian primate Galago senegalensis . Lesions of the lateral funiculus resulted in a differential distribution pattern of preterminal degeneration within the nuclei studied. In the nucleus gracilis, spinal lesions produced moderate amounts of debris in ventral cell nest and rostral areas. Diffuse degeneration was present in both the dorsal cell nest area of the nucleus gracilis and the rostral nucleus cuneatus. Extremely dense debris was present within both ipsilateral Z and X nuclei. Cortical ablations of predominantly hind-limb motor-sensory areas resulted in degeneration throughout most of the longitudinal and transverse extent of the contralateral dorsal column nuclei. Degeneration appeared to be more concentrated in ventral nuclear areas. The distribution of cortical fibers to the rostral gracile and Z nuclei was essentially the inverse of that observed for lateral funicular fibers. The contralateral nucleus Z received only a sparse corticobulbar input while the rostral gracile contained more moderate amounts of preterminal degeneration. The results are in agreement with previous reports on the morphology and fiber connections of the dorsal column, Z and X nuclei in Galago and other animals. They support the concept that the Z and X nuclei are functional components of the dorsal column nuclear system.
Source region of 0.2 to 1.0 Hz geomagnetic pulsation bursts

Geomagnetic pulsations from 0.2 to 5.0 Hz (Pc 1) observed on the ground could be used to monitor the magnetospheric processes generating them if their source regions were known. We report simultaneous observations of Pc 1 bursts at South Pole Station and in space at 9 Re geocentric distance near the magnetic equator showing that the subsolar outer magnetosphere, earthward of the low latitude boundary layer, is the source region of Pc 1 bursts. The source extends 1 to 2 hours azimuthally and 1 to 2 Re radially. Correlation of magnetopause displacements and bursts at South Pole indicates that the bursts are stimulated by compressions of the dayside magnetosphere. In space the bursts occur above the He+ gyrofrequency implying that the H+-He+ bi-ion resonance does not prevent the signals from reaching the ionosphere.
Intravenous cocaine causes epicardial coronary vasoconstriction in the intact dog

The effect of intravenous cocaine on coronary artery dynamics in 23 closed-chest dogs was examined. To determine dose-related effects, intravenous cocaine was administered in doses of 1, 3, 6, and 9 mg/kg; saline solution was used in control dogs. Heart rate, aortic pressure, and left anterior descending coronary artery cross-sectional area were measured before and for 60 minutes after each injection. Myocardial blood flow was measured with 15 microns radioactive microspheres at baseline and 30 minutes after administration of cocaine or saline solution. Plasma cocaine, benzoyl ecgonine, and norepinephrine concentrations were measured and correlated with physiologic changes. Cocaine caused sustained dose-dependent vasoconstriction of the left anterior descending coronary artery, which was significant at 15 minutes and maximum at 60 minutes (control = 2 +/- 10%; cocaine, 9 mg/kg = 46 +/- 10% cross-sectional area reduction). There was an immediate but transient reduction in aortic pressure and an elevation of heart rate after the 6 and 9 mg/kg doses and no hemodynamic changes with lower doses. Coronary blood flow was reduced 30 minutes after the 3, 6, and 9 mg/kg doses. Two dogs had refractory ventricular tachycardia after injection of cocaine and were not included in the analysis. Results of this investigation demonstrate angiographic evidence of dose-dependent, cocaine-induced epicardial coronary vasoconstriction and deleterious hemodynamic abnormalities at commonly used doses of cocaine. These results demonstrate a mechanism for the development of angina and myocardial infarction associated with cocaine use.
Personnel policies and the age structure of an occupation: the case of the academic labor market

Population projection techniques are used to project the size and age structure of the academic labor force. Age specific coverage data from Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association are used to proxy academic employment. Hiring, quit, retirement and death rates are calculated for 1981 and 1982. Projections of the future academic labor force are made holding these rates constant. The results show the importance of these entry and exit rates and also indicate how these rates can fluctuate from year to year.
Sea urchin nuclei use rna polymerase ii to transcribe discrete histone RNAs larger than messengers

RNA transcribed in isolated sea urchin nuclei and assayed by hybridization to histone genes cloned in E. coli contains sequences homologous to each of the five histone genes. Histone RNA is synthesized exclusively from the same DNA strand which is the template in vivo. Synthesis of the histone gene transcripts is sensitive to alpha-amanitin concentrations which inhibit RNA polymerase II activity. The fraction of histone RNA synthesized in vitro is comparable at two developmental stages to the fraction synthesized in vivo. The nuclear histone transcripts contain sequences homologous to spacer DNA regions present between the coding regions of the 6500 base pair (bp) histone gene repeat unit. The transcription of spacer sequences was demonstrated by hybridization of the nuclear transcripts to subcloned spacer DNA. Although the bulk of the RNA transcripts are greater than 2000 bases long, the histone-specific transcripts are of discrete sizes ranging from 100 bases to about 1100 bases long. Each histone gene hybridizes with at least one of the larger transcripts and with a different subset of smaller RNAs. We do not detect any giant polycistronic transcript spanning the entire histone repeat unit.
PERSISTENT MULLERIAN DUCT SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH 47,XXY GENOTYPE

Persistent mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a rare form of male pseudohermaphroditism characterized by the retention of mullerian derivatives in an otherwise normally virilized male. Approximately 50% of the cases of PMDS can be attributed to mutations in the mullerian inhibitory substance gene. The remaining cases are primarily the result of a deletion in the type II receptor of mullerian inhibitory substance.1 Karyotypes are obtained in patients with PMDS at the discretion of the physician, to confirm a normal 46,XY chromosomal genotype. To date, PMDS has not been identified with any additional genetic or syndromic findings.
Drivers of Mutual Fund Investment and Marketing Performance in a Changing Regulatory Environment: Implications for Mutual Fund Management

Mutual fund management companies have offered to reduce the absolute level of fees and alter the fee structure as a step to reaching a settlement with the New York Attorney General. This has raised questions about how these changes will impact the future profitability of the funds, and the prospects of new money inflows. In this article, Duke and Upadhyay analyze the factors in the mutual fund industry affecting the demand from investors, the follow-on reaction of the mutual fund management companies, and the anticipated impact on the investment and marketing performance of the funds. They suggest that while increasing the size of the fund may be good for economies of scale and increasing earnings from the fees associated with fund management, it may not be good for the fund9s overall investment and long-term marketing performance.
Scintigraphic Measurement of Liquid Holdup in Foam Fractionation Columns.

Abstract The profile of liquid holdup in foam fractionation columns was studied as a function of time by the use of a nuclear scintigraphic imaging technique. Sodium [ 99m Tc]pertechnetate was employed as the imaging agent and served as a marker for the amount of water present in the foam during the foam fractionation of bovine serum albumin. A gamma scintigraphic camera fitted with a pinhole collimator was used to acquire the data in a dynamic manner. The greatest changes in the liquid holdup of the foam were observed in the region just above the foam–retentate interface, particularly when a gas dispersion frit with large nominal frit porosity was employed to generate the foam. Beyond these first few centimeters, the volume fraction of water in the foam did not change appreciably. This suggests that under the conditions employed, increases in foam column height would not substantially improve the performance of the foam fractionation of bovine serum albumin. In the case of foam generated with a frit of small porosity, the liquid holdup profile indicated a higher fraction of water than observed with the larger frit. The use of scintigraphic imaging can provide valuable data concerning the liquid fraction that is not easily obtained with methods previously used in the study of drainage in foam fractionation columns.
Interaction of peripheral and central input in the main sensory trigeminal nucleus of the cat

Abstract The response characteristics of single cells in the main sensory trigeminal nucleus were studied in cats anesthetized with chloralose or Nembutal. Peripheral receptive fields in the oro-facial region were located with natural stimuli, stimulated electrically, and the cellular responses interacted with peripheral input (flash or click) and central input (cerebral cortex and thalamic stimulation). Precise location of electrodes was determined histologically with a dye-marking technique. All cells studied had restricted excitatory fields and were activated by hair movement, light touch, or pressure. The responses of fifty per cent of the cells were modified by cortical stimulation (somatosensory areas I and II); corticofugal inhibitory effects predominated and were maximal at 40–80 msec with a duration of 100–300 msec. Thirty per cent of the cells located in the main sensory nucleus exhibited excitatory or inhibitory responses, or both, to flash or click. There was a nonuniform intranuclear distribution of functional cell types; those cells located medially responded to visual and auditory stimuli while cells responding only to oro-facial stimulation were located mainly in the lateral part of the nucleus. The data indicate that considerable modification of somatosensory input occurs at this first central relay nucleus in the trigeminal system.
Mitochondrial aconitase binds to the 3′ untranslated region of the mouse hepatitis virus genome

Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), a member of the Coronaviridae, contains a polyadenylated positive-sense single-stranded genomic RNA which is 31 kb long. MHV replication and transcription take place via the synthesis of negative-strand RNA intermediates from a positive-strand genomic template. A cis-acting element previously identified in the 3′ untranslated region binds to trans-acting host factors from mouse fibroblasts and forms at least three RNA-protein complexes. The largest RNA-protein complex formed by the cis-acting element and the lysate from uninfected mouse fibroblasts has a molecular weight of about 200 kDa. The complex observed in gel shift assays has been resolved by second-dimension sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into four proteins of approximately 90, 70, 58, and 40 kDa after RNase treatment. Specific RNA affinity chromatography also has revealed the presence of a 90-kDa protein associated with RNA containing the cis-acting element bound to magnetic beads. The 90-kDa protein has been purified from uninfected mouse fibroblast crude lysates. Protein microsequencing identified the 90-kDa protein as mitochondrial aconitase. Antibody raised against purified mitochondrial aconitase recognizes the RNA-protein complex and the 90-kDa protein, which can be released from the complex by RNase digestion. Furthermore, UV cross-linking studies indicate that highly purified mitochondrial aconitase binds specifically to the MHV 3′ protein-binding element. Increasing the intracellular level of mitochondrial aconitase by iron supplementation resulted in increased RNA-binding activity in cell extracts and increased virus production as well as viral protein synthesis at early hours of infection. These results are particularly interesting in terms of identification of an RNA target for mitochondrial aconitase, which has a cytoplasmic homolog, cytoplasmic aconitase, also known as iron regulatory protein 1, a well-recognized RNA-binding protein. The binding properties of mitochondrial aconitase and the functional relevance of RNA binding appear to parallel those of cytoplasmic aconitase.
Phenology, seed dispersal, and recruitment in Cecropia peltata (Moraceae) in Costa Rican tropical dry forest.

We studied the seed dispersal ecology of the Neotropical pioneer tree Cecropia peltata L. (Moraceae) in tropical dry forest by documenting its (1) fruiting phenology, (2) rates of visitation by vertebrate frugivores, and (3) rate of recruitment of juveniles in different habitats at Santa Rosa National Park in northwestern Costa Rica.At Santa Rosa, C. peltata is a common but patchily-distributed plant. Fruiting in females is seasonal, and fruit availability peaks in June through August (the early wet season). Females bear a few ripe fruit per day over a 4–5 month, fruiting period. At least 28 vertebrate species (15 diurnal and 13 nocturnal species) eat Cecropia fruit; equal numbers of ripe fruit are removed during the night and day. Owing to their more gentle treatment of seeds in the gut, birds and bats probably are more effective dispersal agents than monkeys. The recruitment rate of juveniles into already established populations was about 0.8 ha−1 y−1 compared with a rate of 176 ha−1 y−1 during the colonization of a cleared roadside.
Origin of high mountains in the continents: The Southern Sierra Nevada

Active and passive seismic experiments show that the southern Sierra, despite standing 1.8 to 2.8 kilometers above its surroundings, is underlain by crust of similar seismic thickness, about 30 to 40 kilometers. Thermobarometry of xenolith suites and magnetotelluric profiles indicate that the upper mantle is eclogitic to depths of 60 kilometers beneath the western and central parts of the range, but little subcrustal lithosphere is present beneath the eastern High Sierra and adjacent Basin and Range. These and other data imply the crust of both the High Sierra and Basin and Range thinned by a factor of 2 since 20 million years ago, at odds with purported late Cenozoic regional uplift of some 2 kilometers.
Best-Value Model Based on Project Specific Characteristics

Best-value becomes a well known procurement practice in many states in the country. The objective of this transformation from the old practice of lowest bid to best-value is to increase the value added to the project for each dollar added. This paper discusses a new concept of best-value modeling that is unique and tailored to each project. The model uses records of past projects to obtain specific evaluation criteria, from which a best-value score is determined for each contractor. Primary parameters that impact contractor selection are identified and analyzed based on which best-value model is designed. Data are collected from groups of experts in the Minnesota Department of Transportation. Two application methods are used to assess the best-value: (1) the weighted average method; and (2) the analytic hierarchy process. Although the paper is written to assist government agencies in selecting the best contractor(s), the research results shared in this paper are relevant to both academics and practitioners. The paper provides practitioners with a tool for ranking contractors based on best-value and provides academics with selection parameters, a model to evaluate this best-value, and a methodology of quantifying the qualitative effect of subjective factors.
Parent-child interaction therapy for disruptive behavior in children with mental retardation: a randomized controlled trial.

This article presents results of a randomized controlled trial examining the efficacy of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) for treating disruptive behaviors of young children (ages 3 to 6) with mental retardation (MR) and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder. Thirty families were randomly assigned to an immediate treatment (IT) or waitlist (WL) control group. Results indicated that IT mothers interacted more positively with their children after treatment than WL mothers, and their children were more compliant after treatment. On parent-report measures, IT mothers reported fewer disruptive behaviors at home and lower parenting stress related to difficult child behavior than WL mothers after treatment. Whether evidence-based treatments for disruptive behavior require modification before application to children with MR is discussed.
Design and analysis of Thin-BOX FD/SOI devices for low-power and stable SRAM in sub-50nm technologies

This paper demonstrates viable device design options for low-leakage and robust SRAM in sub-50nm FD/SOI technology. We explore the possibilities of reducing the body-doping of FD/SOI devices with proper tuning of back-gate bias or gate workfunction to achieve a given leakage target. The reduction of body-doping density helps reduce the effect of the random dopant fluctuation (RDF), while the Vt and leakage are controlled using the back-gate bias. Our analysis show that, body-doping reduction combined with back-gate biasing is the most efficient FD/SOI device design for low-leakage and robust SRAM.
On opposing effects of emotion on contextual or relational memory.

An extensive literature has firmly established the role of emotion on memory. For example, behavioral experiments have shown robustly that emotional stimuli are better remembered than neutral stimuli (see Mather and Sutherland, 2011). Mechanisms identified for such enhancements in memory include prioritized initial perceptual processing of emotional stimuli (Nummenmaa et al., 2006; Phelps et al., 2006), and amygdala (AMY)-dependent neurohormonal changes that modulate memory processes supported by the hippocampus (HC) and surrounding medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures (McGaugh, 2000), leading to memory enhancements for emotional material (Dolcos et al., 2012) as well as making such information more resistant to forgetting over time (Dolcos et al., 2005; Ritchey et al., 2008). A caveat to the above-mentioned phenomena is that they tend to be concerned with the remembering of individual items in isolation, such as a word or an image. But interest in the effects of emotion on memory for real-world events, involving more than solitary items, has led to research on emotion's effects on memory for items in the context of or in relation to other items (contextual or relational information). Puzzlingly, while this recent research has confirmed the enhancing effects of emotion on memory for individual items, outcomes for the effects of emotion on memory for accompanying contextual or relational information have been contradictory, with some studies showing enhanced remembering, while others reporting impaired performances, and some reporting no effect of emotion. In this article, we highlight two issues that that may help toward resolving the seeming contradictions in the pattern of results in this literature. The first is the need for a more nuanced conceptualization and nomenclature of the types of memory representations being tested. The second is the necessity of considering the differential engagement of HC-dependent, relational memory representations (Cohen and Eichenbaum, 1993; Cohen et al., 1999; Eichenbaum and Cohen, 2001), as opposed to item memory representations, that might be taxed by various experiments.
Vitamin C in laying hen diets

Abstract A research trial was conducted with laying hens from 143 to 311 days of age to study the influence of supplementary vitamin C (ascorbic acid) on various production parameters. Vitamin C at 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 ppm was each fed to groups of 80 birds that were subdivided into 16 replicates of 5 birds each. The trial was initiated at onset of production when experimental diets were provided, and continued for six periods of 28 days each. The study was started during April and continued into September to subject birds to high environmental summer temperatures. Egg production, feed consumption, feed per dozen eggs, egg weights, egg specific gravity, and interior egg quality (Haugh units) were measured for each 28-day period. Egg production and egg weights were not significantly affected by dietary treatments except for the fifth 28-day period when egg production was slightly higher for the control group than for the vitamin C groups. Feed consumption was generally higher for the control group, and feed conversions were generally better for the groups supplemented with 50 and 100 ppm vitamin C. Egg specific gravity was significantly affected by diet in four of the six periods with eggs from the highest vitamin C treatments (200 and 400 ppm) generally having higher specific gravity values.
Decentralized average consensus in wireless sensor networks with probabilistic network links

This study proposes and evaluates an average consensus scheme for wireless sensor networks. For this purpose, two communication error models, the fading model and random error model, are introduced and incorporated into the proposed decentralized average consensus scheme, especially adapted to the constraints of wireless sensor networks. Finally, different simulation scenarios are introduced and their results analyzed to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme and its effectiveness in meeting the needs of wireless sensor networks.
Enacting a Virtual ‘Ekklesia': Online Christian Fundamentalism as Vernacular Religion

Based on the interactive features of websites, researchers have distinguished between ‘religion online’ and ‘online religion’.Approaching online religious expression as ‘vernacular religion’ can transcend the distinction by focussing on the lived experience of believers. In this study, qualitative interviews and close textual analysis are deployed to locate four traits that define the ‘vernacular ideology of Christian fundamentalism’. Tracing these traits in public discourse, they are seen to emerge as a set in the early 20th century. Collecting a sample of 40 sites, the traits are located in association with biblical prophecy. Based on qualitative interviews conducted with four individuals in the sample, linked websites connect individuals in a virtual ‘ekklesia’ based on their shared interest. Locating religion in lived experience instead of media artifacts, this research suggests that a limiting tendency found in this form of fundamentalism is the result of individual choices facilitated by network media.
The Human Soul's Individuation and its Survival after the Body's Death: Avicenna on the Causal Relation between Body and Soul

Comme Avicenne maintient que l'âme humaine est une substance complete qui n'inhere pas dans le corps ni n'est imprimee en lui, il n'a guere de difficulte a affirmer sa survie apres la mort. Toutefois, il a grand besoin du corps pour expliquer l'individuation de cette âme. Cet article analyse les arguments des sections V, 3 et 4, du De anima du Shifā' pour essayer de determiner quelle est la relation causale entre le corps et l'âme humaine et compare ces arguments avec des passages appropries de la Metaphysique. L'article defend le point de vue que la relation entre le corps et l'âme humaine demeure obscure et que, quoique Avicenne affirme la survie personnelle de l'âme humaine et donc son individuation apres la mort, il n'en rend pas suffisamment compte ontologiquement.
Characterization of Respiratory Syncytial Virus M- and M2-Specific CD4 T Cells in a Murine Model

CD4 T cells have been shown to play an important role in the immunity and immunopathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. We identified two novel CD4 T-cell epitopes in the RSV M and M2 proteins with core sequences M(213-223) (FKYIKPQSQFI) and M2(27-37) (YFEWPPHALLV). Peptides containing the epitopes stimulated RSV-specific CD4 T cells to produce gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin 2 (IL-2), and other Th1- and Th2-type cytokines in an I-A(b)-restricted pattern. Construction of fluorochrome-conjugated peptide-I-A(b) class II tetramers revealed RSV M- and M2-specific CD4 T-cell responses in RSV-infected mice in a hierarchical pattern. Peptide-activated CD4 T cells from lungs were more activated and differentiated, and had greater IFN-gamma expression, than CD4 T cells from the spleen, which, in contrast, produced greater levels of IL-2. In addition, M(209-223) peptide-activated CD4 T cells reduced IFN-gamma and IL-2 production in M- and M2-specific CD8 T-cell responses to D(b)-M(187-195) and K(d)-M2(82-90) peptides more than M2(25-39) peptide-stimulated CD4 T cells. This correlated with the fact that I-A(b)-M(209-223) tetramer-positive cells responding to primary RSV infection had a much higher frequency of FoxP3 expression than I-A(b)-M2(26-39) tetramer-positive CD4 T cells, suggesting that the M-specific CD4 T-cell response has greater regulatory function. Characterization of epitope-specific CD4 T cells by novel fluorochrome-conjugated peptide-I-A(b) tetramers allows detailed analysis of their roles in RSV pathogenesis and immunity.
Effect of Surface Active Agents on Oxidations of Lactate by Bacteria

Baker, Harrison and Miller1 have studied the effect of synthetic surface active agents on the metabolism of bacteria as measured in the Warburg manometric apparatus. Cationic surface active agents were found to inhibit equally the metabolism of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Anionic agents, in general, inhibit the metabolism of Gram positive bacteria only. In a subsequent paper2 studies on bactericidal effects were reported. Dubos3 discussed the differential susceptibility of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria to different injurious agents, and suggested the use of anionic and cationic surface active agents as tools for the study of bacterial structure.In this paper we report the effects of an anionic surface active agent, the dioctyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinate, and of a cationic agent, cetyl pyridinium chloride, on a Gram positive organism and a Gram negative organism. As an index of the action of these agents we used the oxidation of lactate by molecular oxygen as compared with...
A Preterm Infant Who Has Acute Respiratory Decompensation

A 4-day-old preterm male infant presents with respiratory failure requiring 100% oxygen on assisted ventilation. ### Prenatal History: ### Birth History and Presentation: The infant was delivered by the vaginal route in vertex presentation. He had initial poor respiratory effort, but responded to warming, stimulation, and blow-by oxygen. Apgar scores were 7 at 1 minute and 8 at 5 minutes. He continued to demonstrate increased work of breathing and was intubated in the delivery room. He was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for prematurity and respiratory distress. His birthweight was 1,589 g, which was appropriate for gestational age. Thirty minutes after birth, the patient had worsening tachypnea and subcostal retractions; chest radiograph at this time demonstrated diffuse bilateral reticular granular densities and microatelectasis CXR 1 . Oxygen saturation in room air was 78%. When 100% oxygen was administered, the oxygen saturation increased to 92%. Arterial blood gas (ABG) revealed: What is the appropriate treatment of this infant at this time? On arrival to the NICU, the patient was intubated and placed on mechanical ventilation. An echocardiogram revealed normal cardiac structure and function. The blood lactate level was elevated at 225.2 mg/dL (25 mmol/L). Blood ammonia concentration also was elevated at 518 mmol/L. Ketones were noted in the urine. ### Vital Signs Were: ### Physical Examination
Toward a Framework for the Analysis of Scarcity and Conflict

This article distinguishes between scarcities resulting primarily from entropic processes and those which appear to be more immediate outcomes of social, economic, and political processes. The discussion then proposes the linking of two Lasswellian propositions; Maslow's hierarchy of needs; and the cybernetic concept of motivation as “felt gap” between an actor's perception of an existing state of affairs and a preferred state. In responding to gaps emerging from changes in physical and social environments, the actor is seen as tending to alter these environments and then adjusting future behaviors in order to cope with such changes as perceived. But whereas response choice tends to be influenced by each actor's perception of capabilities, of which perceived resource availabilities (or scarcities) are an element, response outcomes are likely to be constrained by the “real” capabilities (including resource availabilities) of the actors. Over time, responses involving changes in population and technology (knowledge and skills) contribute to changes in the resource availability and other variables.
Responses of Lettuce Cultivars to Insect Pests in Southern Florida

Banded cucumber beetle [BCB (Diabrotica balteata)], serpentine leafminer [SL (Liriomyza trifolii)], and aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) are among the major insect pests that cause significant economic damage to lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in southern Florida. Four romaine cultivars and three iceberg cultivars, currently used in Florida’s lettuce production, were evaluated from Oct. 2010 to Jan. 2011 in separate field experiments for their responses to insect infestation. Lettuce cultivars differed significantly in their responses to infestations of BCB and aphids. Cultivar 70096 had the lowest percent (3.7%) of BCB feeding damage among the romaine cultivars. Romaine cultivar Manatee also had significantly lower BCB feeding damage (12.1%) than the susceptible cultivars Okeechobee (19.8%) and Terrapin (19.1%). The lowest level of infestation of aphids was observed on ‘Manatee’, followed by ‘70096’, whereas ‘Okeechobee’ and ‘Terrapin’ had severe infestation of aphids. The iceberg cultivars were similar to one another in their responses to BCB and SL but not in their response to aphid infestation. Yield was decreased from 3% to 37% for six of the seven cultivars grown under the adverse environmental conditions of insect infestations and cold weather in Dec. 2010, but the yield of ‘70096’ did not decline. The cultivars identified as resistant to insects can play an important role in integrated pest management (IPM), which may decrease pesticide application, reduce production costs, and protect the environment.
A Fast Identification of Ignitable Accelerant in Fire Debris Based on FTIR and Computer-aided

An identification method based on Fourier TransformInfrared Spectrometry(FTIR) and computer-aided tech-nology was studied for ignitable accelerant identification.FTIR was applied to dectect the diesel oil remained in burned pa-per of fire debris.The obtained data of characteristic absorption banded from first order derivative spectrum were processed with normalization method bycomputer-aided software.The similaritybefore and after diesel oil burningwas calculated with the value 0.9046,which was respectively greater than similarities of other accelerants'.The results showed that chemical analy-sis combined with computer-aided technology was an effective and fast method for indentifying ignitable accelerant in fire debris.
Clinical experience with repeated air enema for the reduction of intussusception in infants and children

Objective To discuss the technical points of air enema for the reduction of intussusception in infants and children,to analyze the causes of failure in order to improve the success rate of the reduction of intussusception.Methods The indications of air enema reduction should be known well.If the initial air enema reduction was ineffective,sedative and antispasmodic medication as well as blood volume expander should be given,and half an hour later the second even the third time of air enema reduction should be carried out using the same air pressure as the first time used.Results Of 104 patients who failed to respond to the first time of air enema reduction,second time of air enema reduction was employed in 95 with a successful reduction rate of 68.4%(65/95),and surgery was adopted in 9(9/104,8.6%).Of the 30 patients who failed to respond to the second time of air enema reduction,surgery was performed in 12(40%),and successful reduction was achieved in 5(27.8%).Conclusion For the patients who fails to respond to the initial air enema reduction,repetition of air enema reduction should be considered in order to increase the t otal success rate and to avoid the surgery.If the second air enema reduction fails surgery should be carried out and the third time of air enema reduction is inadvisable.
Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent binding of competitive inhibitors to dihydrofolate reductase.

The enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (EC 1.5.1.3), which catalyzes the reduced pyridine nucleotide-dependent reduction of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate, is inhibited by 6- N -ω-( N -ethyl- N -2-chloroethyl)propyl-2,4,6-triamino-5-(dichlorophenylazo)pyrimidines acting as active site-directed irreversible inhibitors. A requirement for the binding of these inhibitors to the enzyme prior to alkylation is the presence of NADPH. Apparently the binding of NADPH to the enzyme causes a conformational change in the protein that makes the substrate-binding site accessible to either the substrate or a competitive inhibitor.
An evaluation of ureteral laser lithotripsy: 225 consecutive patients.

AbstractWe treated 225 patients with 227 ureteral calculi (5 steinstrasse) via the pulsed dye laser with 9.5F rigid, 7.2F semirigid and flexible, steerable ureteroscopes. The 222 calculi (excluding steinstrasse) were fragmented by laser alone in 141 cases (64%), laser and a basket in 30 (13%), and laser and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in 33 (15%). The laser failed in 18 cases (8%). Of the 222 calculi 165 were impacted. Of 29 impacted upper ureteral calculi 15 were treated by laser disimpaction and fragmentation, 13 by laser disimpaction followed by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and 1 by an operation. Of 42 mid ureteral calculi (30 impacted) 24 were treated successfully by laser fragmentation and 14 by fragmentation followed by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, while 4 failed laser therapy. Among 151 lower ureteral and tunnel calculi laser fragmentation was successful in 132 cases (87%), laser followed by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was successful in 6 and 13 failed laser t...
Treatment of bronchopleural fistula after pneumonectomy

Breakdown of the closure of the main-stem bronchus after pneumonectomy is a dreaded complication, and empyema and bronchopleural fistula frequently develop in patients who survive. Management of these fistulas remains a formidable therapeutic challenge, which has been approached with a variety of surgical techniques. We report our experience with anterior transpericardial closure, emphasizing the ability to expose either main-stem bronchus by this approach. The case histories of three patients who had bronchopleural fistula after pneumonectomy are presented. The first patient had left pneumonectomy for complicated tuberculosis; the second had right pneumonectomy for neoplasm; and the third had right pneumonectomy for trauma. All fistulas were treated surgically via a median sternotomy and transpericardial approach to the distal trachea. The posterior pericardium was divided between the superior vena cava and aorta. In-continuity staple closure (with two lines of staples) of the proximal main-stem bronchus was employed in all cases. Two patients remain clinically well 21 and 17 months after the operation. The third patients did well initially but developed a recurrent bronchopleural fistula 2 1/2 months after the operation and has required repeat closure with pedicled muscle flaps. In postpneumonectomy bronchopleural fistula, the anterior, transpericardial approach to bronchial closure has several advantages: the relatively well-tolerated median sternotomy, the avoidance of dealing directly with areas of postoperative scarring and the devascularized bronchial stump, the avoidance of areas of chronic sepsis, and the avoidance of thoracoplastic surgical deformity of the chest wall, with possible associated compromise in pulmonary function. Our experience also indicates that either main-stem bronchus is accessible through an approach between the superior vena cava and aorta, without division of either pulmonary artery.
CyberTwitter: using Twitter to generate alerts for cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities

In order to secure vital personal and organizational system we require timely intelligence on cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities. Intelligence about these threats is generally available in both overt and covert sources like the National Vulnerability Database, CERT alerts, blog posts, social media, and dark web resources. Intelligence updates about cybersecurity can be viewed as temporal events that a security analyst must keep up with so as to secure a computer system. We describe CyberTwitter, a system to discover and analyze cybersecurity intelligence on Twitter and serve as a OSINT (Open-source intelligence) source. We analyze real time information updates, in form of tweets, to extract intelligence about various possible threats. We use the Semantic Web RDF to represent the intelligence gathered and SWRL rules to reason over extracted intelligence to issue alerts for security analysts.
Are Rules Allowing Arbitral Sanctions a Mirage

This article examines the impact permissive procedures have on an arbitrator’s ability to maintain order. The suggestion made is that the new rules offer nothing that isn’t already available by judicial decree. While the effort to assist the arbitrator is laudable, no administrator can go further than the limitations mandated by 9 U.S.C. §§ 1-16, the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA), as interpreted by courts. Anyone who does so faces vacatur and in extreme cases a finding that the action is “misconduct” under FAA § 10(a)(3). Given this structure, both the administrators and arbitrators face a simple choice: (1) Go no further than what courts have already deemed acceptable or (2) undertake to fashion a new untested “sanction” and hope that a court will support the effort. If the first alternative is favored, administrator rules allow what courts have already approved. If the second alternative is favored, administrator rules serve no purpose other than to empower an arbitrator to take a serious risk. If this analysis is correct, then the new rules are a mirage.
Ranunculaceae of Western Ukraine. ІI. Generic identification key and characteristics

This paper is a continue of previous work (Новіков 2013) and represents new key for identification of genera from Ranunculaceae family of Western Ukraine (Lviv, Transcarpathian (Zakarpattia), Rivne, Volhynia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Chernivtsi, Ternopil and Khmelnitsk regions (oblasts)). This key is consensual and do not corresponds to contemporary taxonomical tendencies in all its points because it is build for non-specialists and/or young scientists which need easy identification tool for their routine field and herbarium work. However, most of modern taxonomical changes and related publications are shortly introduced here and in my previous paper (Новіков 2013). Hence, in present work I suggest that family Ranunculaceae in Western Ukraine is represented by 2 subfamilies, 10 tribes, 22 genera and 102 species. Corresponding consensual taxonomical system is represented. Short characteristics of genera are completed by information about species number and its distribution.
Profiling the COPD airway microbiome using quantitative culture and 16S rRNA gene sequencing

Introduction Molecular sequencing techniques offer a new approach to culture in profiling the airway microbiome. A detailed comparison has not been reported and we aimed to perform this. Methods 138 spontaneously expectorated sputum samples from 71 COPD patients underwent quantification of all cultured isolates and 16S rRNA gene sequencing using Illumina Miseq. Results Culture identified a total of 299 isolates (median 2/sample) comprising 33 species from 15 different genera. Conversely, sequencing produced 9113146 sequence reads (median 61088/sample) comprising 2259 distinct operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from 114 different genera. Using both methods Streptococcus and Haemophilus species dominated the overall profile (73% and 61% respectively); Veillonella, Actinomyces, Granulicatella and Prevotella comprised 17% of sequencing reads but were not detected by culture. Where identified on culture (n=117), the dominant genus was the same as sequencing in 82% of samples (Cohen9s kappa=0.58, p Conclusions Both techniques produced comparable population profiles for aerobic organisms and reflect within-sample dominance and species diversity in COPD. 16S rRNA gene sequencing offers superior per-sample resolution and detects many genera missed by standard culture.
Problem Solved! Managing Electronic Resource Workflows Using Ticketing System Software

For the second installment of the new column Problem Solved!, co-edited by Kelly Smith and Scott Vieira, Smith explores how libraries have tackled the problem of electronic resource (eresource) workflow management by implementing ticketing systems in addition to their existing integrated library system (ILS) and electronic resource management (ERM) tools. Most libraries employing ticket tracking to manage eresources have chosen one of a variety of commercial and open source software designed for customer relations management (CRM). Alternatively, some libraries are developing home grown systems or kluging together freely available collaboration software to track issues.
Postoperative Management and Preoperative Considerations: Urinary Incontinence and Anastomotic Stricture

Urinary adverse events after radical prostatectomy, particularly urinary incontinence and formation of an anastomotic stricture, are bothersome and can lead to significant decrease in quality of life (Walsh et al., J Urol 152:1831–6, 1994; Catalona and Basler, J Urol 150:905–7, 1993; Potosky et al., J Natl Cancer Inst 96:1358–67, 2004;Stothers et al., Urinary incontinence in men. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, editors. Urologic diseases in America. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Washington DC: US Government Publishing Office, NIH Publication No. 07-5512, pp 193–222, 2007; Wei et al., J Urol 164:744–8, 2000). In addition to having knowledge of standard treatment options for these maladies, it is important to understand the risk factors for development of persistent urinary incontinence and anastomotic stricture. The natural history of recovery of urinary function is extremely important in determining when intervention is needed. In this chapter, we review preoperative evaluation, risk factors, and management of voiding dysfunction—urinary incontinence and anastomotic strictures—after radical prostatectomy.
Cross-Regulation between Transposable Elements and Host DNA Replication

Transposable elements subvert host cellular functions to ensure their survival. Their interaction with the host DNA replication machinery indicates that selective pressures lead them to develop ancestral and convergent evolutionary adaptations aimed at conserved features of this fundamental process. These interactions can shape the co-evolution of the transposons and their hosts.
In vitro progesterone production by luteinized human mural granulosa cells is modulated by activation of AMPK and cause of infertility.

Mural granulosa cells from IVF patients were provided by the West Virginia University Center for Reproductive Medicine in Morgantown, WV. The effect of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, primary cause of infertility, age, BMI, and pregnancy outcome on production of progesterone were examined separately. Isolated mural sheets from IVF patients (n = 26) were centrifuged, supernatant discarded, and the pellet re-suspended in 500 μl of DMEM/F12. Mural granulosa cells were plated at 10,000 cells/well in triplicate per treatment group with 300 μl DMEM/F12 media at 37 °C and 5% CO2 in a humidified incubator to permit luteinization. Four days after initial plating, cells were treated with either an AMPK inhibitor, DM; an AMPK activator, AICAR; or hCG. Cells were cultured for 24 h after treatment when medium was collected and frozen at −20 °C until assayed for P4 by radioimmunoassay. The AMPK activator, AICAR, inhibited P4 production (P 0.05). Additionally, hCG increased P4 production in patients between the ages 30–35 (P = 0.008) and 36–39 (P = 0.04), but not in patients ages 25–29 (P = 0.73). Patients with normal BMI had increased P4 production when treated with hCG (P 0.05). Cells from patients who became pregnant to IVF had greater P4 production when stimulated with hCG than those who did not become pregnant when compared to controls (P > 0.05). Understanding how AMPK activation is regulated in ovarian cells could lead to alternative or novel infertility treatments. Human mural granulosa cells can serve as a valuable model for understanding how AMPK affects P4 production in steroidogenic cells. Additionally, when stimulated with hCG, P4 production by mural granulosa cells differed among infertility type, age, BMI, and pregnancy outcome.
Draft genome sequence of a picorna-like virus associated with gill tissue in clinically normal brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis

Here, we report a draft genome sequence of a picorna-like virus associated with brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, gill tissue. The draft genome comprises 8,681 nucleotides, excluding the poly(A) tract, and contains two open reading frames. It is most similar to picorna-like viruses that infect invertebrates.