cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Liquid-State Anomalies and the Stell-Hemmer Core-Softened Potential

We study the liquid anomalies arising from the Stell-Hemmer interaction, using molecular dynamics simulations and approximate 2D solutions. We observe in the liquid phase three types of anomalies: (i) An increase in specific volume upon cooling, (ii) an increase in isothermal compressibility upon cooling, and (iii) an increase in the diffusion coefficient with pressure. We relate the anomalies to the existence of two different local structures in the liquid phase.
Eight-choice sound localization by manatees: performance abilities and head related transfer functions.

Two experiments investigated the ability and means by which two male Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) may determine the direction of a sound source. An eight-choice discrimination paradigm was used to determine the subjects’ sound localization abilities of five signal conditions covering a range of frequencies, durations, and levels. Subjects performed above the 12.5 % chance level for all broadband frequencies and were able to localize sounds over a large level range. Errors were typically located to either side of the signal source location when presented in the front 180° but were more dispersed when presented from locations behind the subject. Front-to-back confusions were few and accuracy was greater when signals originated from the front 180°. Head-related transfer functions were measured to determine if frequencies were filtered by the manatee body to create frequency-specific interaural level differences (ILDs). ILDs were found for all frequencies as a function of source location, although they were largest with frequencies above 18 kHz and when signals originated to either side of the subjects. Larger ILDs were found when the signals originated behind the subjects. A shadowing-effect produced by the body may explain the relatively low occurrence of front-back confusions in the localization study.
A carrier's perspective on creating a mobile multimedia service

Carriers sit at the center of the complex intercompany ecosystems that bring mobile products and services to the consumer mass market. In fact, to a large extent, carriers create, shape, and coordinate these systems. Carriers provide the large monetary investments needed to begin development and are responsible for creating and maintaining the long-term customer relationships that sustain products once they are launched. This article describes the creation of Sprint PCS Vision Multimedia Services launched in August 2004 from the view of the design team within the carrier. This view provides insight into how business and research constraints play out to influence the design of mass market services.
Visitors' perception of recreation and wildlife observation opportunities at McInnis National Conservation Area.

About 66 million people in the United States (31% of the population) observed, fed, or photographed wildlife in 2001 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2002). Twenty-two million (10%) traveled to spe...
The Analysis of Chlorinated Phenol Solutions by Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled with Direct and Indirect Amperometric Detection Using a Boron‐Doped Diamond Microelectrode

Analysis of aqueous solutions containing chlorinated phenol pollutants was accomplished by capillary electrophoresis with direct and indirect amperometric detection using a boron-doped diamond microelectrode. The microelectrode was prepared by (i) coating a thin film of boron-doped polycrystalline diamond on a sharpened platinum wire (76-μm diameter) and (ii) sealing the coated wire in a polypropylene pipet tip. The diamond microelectrode, used in end-column detection, exhibited a low and stable background current with low peak-to-peak noise and good electrochemical activity for the pollutants without any conventional pretreatment. The electrode performance was evaluated in terms of the linear dynamic range, sensitivity, limit of quantitation, and response precision for the detection of several priority pollutants (2-chlorophenol, 3-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, and pentachlorophenol). The diamond microelectrode gave good detection figures of merit for these contaminants in the direct amperometric mode with no evidence of any electrode fouling. As an example, the concentration limit of quantitation for 2-chlorophenol was 100 nM or 13 ppb (S/N=3) and the relative standard deviation of the peak height for 9 injections was 4.7±0.5% (est. 1.1 nL inj.). The separation efficiency was greater than 100 000 plates/m for all seven solutes. The microelectrode was also employed for the indirect detection of the chlorinated phenols. In this approach, which is useful for detecting electroinactive solutes, ferrocene carboxylic acid was added to the run buffer as the electrophore. Good detection figures of merit were also achieved for the separation and detection of 2-chlorophenol, 3-chlorophenol, and 2,4-dichlorophenol in this mode, although the linear dynamic range was not as wide and the limit of quantitation was not as low as in direct amperometry. For example, the concentration limit of quantitation for these pollutants was in the mid micromolar range (1–10 ppm) with excellent response reproducibility of 3.2±0.8%, or less.
Specific tumor immunity produced by the injection of vaccinia viral oncolysates.

Abstract A live vaccinia vaccine virus-augmented and lysed murine tumor cell vaccine (vaccinia oncolysate) is used as a specific active immune mechanism stimulator in a syngeneic SV40-transformed BALB/c male mouse peritoneal macrophage tumor system. BALB/c mice pretreated with subcutaneous injections of vaccinia oncolysates prior to challenge with tumor cells failed to develop tumors at the injection sites. Cross-immunization and immunotherapy experiments were also performed. Because of the encouraging results in this murine tumor system, preliminary trials were instituted to evaluate vaccinia oncolysates as an immunotherapeutic agent in human cancer.
Upper Extremity Peripheral Venous Pressure Measurements Accurately Reflect Pulmonary Artery Pressures in Patients with Cavopulmonary or Fontan Connections

After the bidirectional cavopulmonary or Fontan operation, the physiologic consequence is passive flow of the systemic venous return to the pulmonary arteries. Knowledge of pulmonary artery pressure (PA) is valuable in the management of these patients, and obtaining this information without the need for a central line or cardiac catheterization would be advantageous. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between upper extremity peripheral venous (PV) pressures and PA or superior vena cava (SVC) pressures in patients who have undergone cavopulmonary or Fontan connections. During cardiac catheterization, 19 patients with complex cyanotic heart disease who had undergone a cavopulmonary shunt or Fontan procedure were studied. Simultaneous pressure measurements were obtained from the peripheral intravenous line placed prior to the procedure and the SVC or PA. The mean pressures were compared. The mean PV pressure was 17.5 ± 5.6 mmHg. The mean SVC or PA pressure was 16.1 ± 5.4 mmHg. The mean difference was 1.5 ± 1.5 mmHg (p < 0.001). The correlation coefficient PV to SVC or PA pressure was 0.97 (p < 0.001). PV pressure measurements taken from an upper extremity accurately reflect PA pressures in patients who have undergone a cavopulmonary shunt or Fontan procedure.
Fine structure of the male accessory glands in Aedes triseriatus

Abstract The paired accessory glands of the male mosquito, Aedes triseriatus , consisted of a single layer of columnar epithelial cells enclosed by a richly-nucleated circular muscle layer. Each accessory gland is divided into an anterior gland (AG) with one type of secretory cell, and a posterior gland (PG) with two types. The cells of the AG and those of the anterior region of the PG showed macroapocrine secretion. The mucus secreting cells located at the posterior region of the PG, however, released their contents into the lumen of the gland by rupturing the apical membrane of the cell. The secretion from all cells was in the form of membrane-bound granules which had distinct electron-dense and electron-lucent areas.
Temperature effect on the ionization potential line-shape of NO doped into dense gaseous argon

Abstract The field ionization spectrum of NO doped into dense gaseous argon ( ϱ = 1.80 × 10 21 cm −3 ) was obtained at two temperatures, 298 and 158 K. The ionization potential line-shapes obtained for the low temperature sample were found to be wider and to extend further to the red than the high temperature ones. This behavior was also found in the polarization energy distributions calculated using Monte Carlo techniques. Excellent agreement was found between the experimental ionization line-shapes and the ones obtained by convoluting the field ionization spectrum of pure NO with the polarization distributions.
An algorithm for the construction of fully symmetry adapted Fock matrices for molecular Hartree-Fock calculations

Abstract Algorithms which permit the construction of fully symmetry adapted Fock matrices are presented for cases where the basis functions and integrals are obtained using only the symmetry of a subgroup of the full point group of the system. In this way fully symmetry-adapted SCF MOs may be obtained even for open shell systems. Computationally, the algorithms are practical and fast. The symmetry information about the full point group is contained implicitly in the one-electron parts of the Fock matrices: no specific symmetry data need be provided. The use of these algorithms has been found to be of considerable help in obtaining convergence for excited state SCF wave functions. An algorithm, due to P. O. Lowdin, for removing near linear dependence from basis sets is reviewed. This method used the same matrix transformation techniques which are required for the symmetrization of the Fock matrices. The application of this algorithm to obtain a set of virtual orbitals suitable for configuration interaction calculations is discussed.
Harmonic frequency scaling factors for Hartree-Fock, S-VWN, B-LYP, B3-LYP, B3-PW91 and MP2 with the Sadlej pVTZ electric property basis set

Scaling factors for obtaining fundamental vibrational frequencies from harmonic frequencies calculated at six of the most commonly used levels of theory have been determined from regression analysis for the polarized-valence triple-zeta (pVTZ) Sadlej electric property basis set. The Sadlej harmonic frequency scaling factors for first- and second-row molecules were derived from a comparison of a total of 900 individual vibrations for 111 molecules with available experimental frequencies. Overall, the best performers were the hybrid density functional theory (DFT) methods, Becke's three-parameter exchange functional with the Lee–Yang–Parr fit for the correlation functional (B3-LYP) and Becke's three-parameter exchange functional with Perdew and Wang's gradient-corrected correlation functional (B3-PW91). The uniform scaling factors for use with the Sadlej pVTZ basis set are 0.9066, 0.9946, 1.0047, 0.9726, 0.9674 and 0.9649 for Hartree–Fock, the Slater–Dirac exchange functional with the Vosko–Wilk–Nusair fit for the correlation functional (S-VWN), Becke's gradient-corrected exchange functional with the Lee–Yang–Parr fit for the correlation functional (B-LYP), B3-LYP, B3-PW91 and second-order Moller–Plesset theory with frozen core (MP2(fc)), respectively. In addition to uniform frequency scaling factors, dual scaling factors were determined to improve the agreement between computed and observed frequencies. The scaling factors for the wavenumber regions below 1800 cm−1 and above 1800 cm−1 are 0.8981 and 0.9097, 1.0216 and 0.9857, 1.0352 and 0.9948, 0.9927 and 0.9659, 0.9873 and 0.9607, 0.9844 and 0.9584 for Hartree–Fock, S-VWN, B-LYP, B3-LYP, B3-PW91 and MP2(fc), respectively. Hybrid DFT methods along with the Sadlej pVTZ basis set provides reliable theoretical vibrational spectra in a cost-effective manner.
When languages die: the extinction of the world's languages and the erosion of human knowledge

When languages die: the extinction of the world's languages and the erosion of human knowledge, by K. David Harrison, Oxford and New York, Oxford University Press, 2007, x + 292 pp., $74.00 (hardba...
Dysregulated EVI1 expression in myeloid malignancies.

The ecotropic virus integration site-1 (EVI1) proto-oncogene was first identified as a common site for retroviral integration in myeloid leukemias in susceptible mice [1],[2]. The integrations occu...
Development of prehospital medical classification criteria.

Abstract Introduction: A trauma classification system (TCS) is widely used by many prehospital personnel to provide advanced activation of trauma teams. Specific criteria serve to notify specialty departments and enhance communication between prehospital and emergency department (ED) personnel. Because the TCS has worked so well, a medical classification criteria tool (MCCT) was developed to consistently notify EDs of medical patients' acuity, enhance communication, and provide a smooth transfer of care. Method: MCCT development included establishment of tool validity by experts; retrospective chart review to determine consistency and accuracy of classification; and a pilot test of the MCCT at three hospitals. After the pilot, satisfaction surveys were distributed to receiving hospitals to determine tool effectiveness, ease of use, and enhanced transition of care. Results: Of the receiving staff surveyed, 97% found the tool easy to understand; 82% thought the MCCT enabled them to effectively prepare for patients; 62% perceived consistency in classification by the helicopter staff. The flight crew had a 100% positive response regarding ease of MCCT use; 36% noted a positive change in preparation for medical patients' transfer of care. Conclusion: The MCCT enhances communication and is useful in preparation and transition of patient care from prehospital to the hospital environment. Advanced notification of patient illness severity may enhance care and affect overall outcome.
2,6-Dimethoxyphenylphosphirane Oxide and Sulfide and their Thermolysis to Phosphinidene Chalcogenides—Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies

Abstract 2,6-Dimethoxyphenylphosphirane is readily converted to its oxide and sulfide whose pyrolysis and (perhaps) photolysis lead to the generation of phosphinidene chalcogenides Ar–P Z (Z=O,S). Trapping experiments were carried out under conditions similar to the kinetic studies of the phosphirane chalcogenide pyrolyses that confirmed the formation of free Ar–P Z. The trapping experiments were in accord with carbene-like character for Ar–P Z, and the activation parameters suggest a non-least motion pathway for the addition of Ar–P Z to olefins. This represents quantitative evidence for the validity of the predictions of frontier-orbital theory for species that undergo reactions with small (or no) enthalpic barriers.
Self-cleaning efficiency of artificial superhydrophobic surfaces.

The hierarchical structured surface of the lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Gaertn.) leaf provides a model for the development of biomimetic self-cleaning surfaces. On these water-repellent surfaces, water droplets move easily at a low inclination of the leaf and collect dirt particles adhering to the leaf surface. Flat hydrophilic and hydrophobic, nanostructured, microstructured, and hierarchical structured superhydrophobic surfaces were fabricated, and a systematic study of wettability and adhesion properties was carried out. The influence of contact angle hysteresis on self-cleaning by water droplets was studied at different tilt angles (TA) of the specimen surfaces (3° for Lotus wax, 10° for n-hexatriacontane, as well as 45° for both types of surfaces). At 3° and 10° TA, no surfaces were cleaned by moving water applied onto the surfaces with nearly zero kinetic energy, but most particles were removed from hierarchical structured surfaces, and a certain amount of particles were captured between the asperities ...
An introduction to Discovery Strategy

The purpose of Discovery Strategy is to define compositional methods which can lead first-time listeners to the musical substance of an electroacoustic work. Discovery Strategy provides a steering mechanism which directs first-time listeners towards identifying features that lie beneath the surface of the music. A key component of this mechanism is the skilful integration of familiar sounds into more abstract contexts. The implementation of the strategy rests on a consideration of how different listeners perceive music through time, and how their perception changes over repeated listenings. The tape work Undercurrents (Field 1994) follows these principles, demonstrating that it is not necessary to compromise structural sophistication while pursuing Discovery Strategy methods.
Relative Raman Scattering Cross-Section Measurements with Suspended Particles

An experimental technique using individual aerosol particles for relative Raman scattering cross-section measurement is described. An electrostatically charged particle of known chemical composition, 10 to 15 μm in diameter, is suspended in an electrodynamic cell. A single line (4880 A) from an argon-ion laser is selected to induce the Raman scattering. The minute size and free rotation of the suspended particle ensure uniform sample illumination. The present results show very good linearity between the scattering intensity ratio and the molar mixing ratio. Sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, sodium sulfate, and ammonium sulfate are examined, and their respective Raman cross sections relative to that of sodium nitrate are determined to be 1, 0.9, 0.61, and 0.94. The uncertainty in this work is estimated to be less than 10%.
Use of beta‐tricalcium phosphate as a reconstructive tool for small bony defects in the mandible

Objective: To determine if the osteoconductive material ChronOS beta-tricalcium phosphate block (beta-TCP) made by Synthes, a synthetic bone substitute made of beta-tricalcium phosphate, is a viable choice for bone grafting. Methods: We prospectively evaluated the use of the beta TCP in a 50-year-old male with a T4N1M0 stage IV squamous cell carcinoma of the right alveolar ridge who underwent wide local excision with segmental mandibulectomy from ramus to ipsilateral parasymphysis and selective neck dissection. The patient was primarily reconstructed with an osseous fibula free flap. His parasymphyseal bone margin was found to be positive on permanent section, and the patient underwent a second segmental mandibulectomy, leaving him with a 2.0 cm anterior defect at the symphysis of the mandible. A beta TCP block was utilized to fill the bony gap in the anterior mandible from the fibula to the native mandible. Results: The patient healed well postoperatively and was started on a soft diet 1 week post op. He started chemoradiation 4 weeks post op. He is now 20 months post op without any evidence of disease, and has maintained his preoperative occlusion. His postoperative CT scan shows bony fusion at the reconstructed site. Conclusions: The beta TCP block is a useful adjunct for the reconstructive surgeon in small mandibular defects <2.0 cm, and osseous growth is still possible even with postoperative chemoradiation therapy. Use of beta-tricalcium phosphate as a reconstructive tool for small bony defects in the mandible Anya Li, MD1 and Tamer Ghanem, MD PhD1 1Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
Strain modulations as a mechanism to reduce stress relaxation in laryngeal tissues

Vocal fold tissues in animal and human species undergo deformation processes at several types of loading rates: a slow strain involved in vocal fold posturing (on the order of 1 Hz or so), cyclic and faster posturing often found in speech tasks or vocal embellishment (1–10 Hz), and shear strain associated with vocal fold vibration during phonation (100 Hz and higher). Relevant to these deformation patterns are the viscous properties of laryngeal tissues, which exhibit non-linear stress relaxation and recovery. In the current study, a large strain time-dependent constitutive model of human vocal fold tissue is used to investigate effects of phonatory posturing cyclic strain in the range of 1 Hz to 10 Hz. Tissue data for two subjects are considered and used to contrast the potential effects of age. Results suggest that modulation frequency and extent (amplitude), as well as the amount of vocal fold overall strain, all affect the change in stress relaxation with modulation added. Generally, the vocal fold cover reduces the rate of relaxation while the opposite is true for the vocal ligament. Further, higher modulation frequencies appear to reduce the rate of relaxation, primarily affecting the ligament. The potential benefits of cyclic strain, often found in vibrato (around 5 Hz modulation) and intonational inflection, are discussed in terms of vocal effort and vocal pitch maintenance. Additionally, elderly tissue appears to not exhibit these benefits to modulation. The exacerbating effect such modulations may have on certain voice disorders, such as muscle tension dysphonia, are explored.
Vision-based Motion Planning for an Autonomous Motorcycle on Ill-Structured Road

We report our development of a vision-based motion planning system for an autonomous motorcycle designed for desert terrain, where uniform road surface and lane markings are not present. The motion planning is based on a vision vector space (V2-Space), which is an unitary vector set that represents local collision-free directions in the image coordinate system, V2-Space is constructed by extracting the vectors based on the similarity of adjacent pixels, which captures both the color information and the directional information from prior vehicle tire tracks and pedestrian footsteps. We report how V2-Space is constructed to reduce the impact of varying lighting conditions in outdoor environments. We also show how V2 -Space can be used to incorporate vehicle kinematic, dynamic, and time-delay constraints in motion planning to fit the highly dynamic requirements of the motorcycle. The combined algorithm of the V2 -Space construction and the motion planning runs in O(n) time, where n is the number of pixels in the captured image. Experiments show that our algorithm outputs correct robot motion commands more than 90% of the time
Microstructural and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline spinel and related composites

Abstract Magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl 2 O 4 ) is known for its excellent deformation behavior at high temperatures. By retaining nanocrystalline grain size after densification, the extent of deformation can be further enhanced. In this work, nanocrystalline MgAl 2 O 4 and composites were densified by hot isostatic pressing (HIPing). One of the objectives of this paper is to report the phase content and microstructural characteristics of these dense nanocomposites. Another objective is to investigate room temperature as well as high temperature mechanical properties of these materials. The present data were compared with the existing literature for coarse grained materials. The hardness values ranged between 2.89 and 7.79 GPa and fracture toughness ranged between 2.5 and 5.82 MPa√m. Hot hardness results showed that at least in one composition, a significant reduction in hardness occurred at 1000 °C.
Parametric Effects of Glass Reaction Under Unsaturated Conditions

Eventual liquid water contact of high-level waste glass stored under the unsaturated conditions anticipated at the Yucca Mountain site will be by slow intrusion of water into a breached container/canister assembly. The water flow patterns under these unsaturated conditions will vary, and the Unsaturated Test method has been developed by the YMP to study glass reaction. The results from seven different sets of tests done to investigate the effect of systematically varying parameters, such as glass composition, composition and degree of sensitization of 304L stainless steel, water input volume, and the interval of water contact are discussed. Glass reaction has been monitored over a period of five years, and the parametric effects can result in up to a ten-fold variance in the degree of glass reaction.
Capillary Malformation—Arteriovenous Malformation Syndrome: Review of the Literature, Proposed Diagnostic Criteria, and Recommendations for Management

Capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the RASA1 gene and characterized by multiple small, round to oval capillary malformations with or without arteriovenous malformations. Ateriovenous malformations occur in up to one-third of patients and may involve the brain and spine. Although making the diagnosis is straightforward in some patients, there are other patients for whom diagnostic criteria may be helpful in their evaluation. Here we review the literature regarding capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome, propose diagnostic criteria, and discuss the care of patients with this condition.
Disulfide-bond scanning reveals assembly state and β-strand tilt angle of the PFO β-barrel

Perfringolysin O (PFO), a bacterial cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, binds a mammalian cell membrane, oligomerizes into a circular prepore complex (PPC) and forms a 250-A transmembrane β-barrel pore in the cell membrane. Each PFO monomer has two sets of three short α-helices that unfold and ultimately refold into two transmembrane β-hairpin (TMH) components of the membrane-embedded β-barrel. Interstrand disulfide-bond scanning revealed that β-strands in a fully assembled PFO β-barrel were strictly aligned and tilted at 20° to the membrane perpendicular. In contrast, in a low temperature-trapped PPC intermediate, the TMHs were unfolded and had sufficient freedom of motion to interact transiently with each other, yet the TMHs were not aligned or stably hydrogen bonded. The PFO PPC-to-pore transition therefore converts TMHs in a dynamic folding intermediate far above the membrane into TMHs that are hydrogen bonded to those of adjacent subunits in the bilayer-embedded β-barrel.
Client and Environmental Correlates of Patient Attrition from an Inpatient Alcoholism Treatment Center

Most alcoholism researchers have been interested in factors associated with posttreatment success, while directing little attention to the variables related to premature termination from alcoholism treatment programs. This research explores the effects of sociodemographic, drinking history, and environmental support factors on premature termination.Overall, the environmental support factors were more useful in explaining those who dropout or complete treatment. In contrast to past research, the primary group did not provide a positive force in continuation. On the contrary, those patients who lacked such support were more likely to complete treatment. The research findings illustrate the importance of including diverse sets of variables in future research examining premature termination of treatment.
Application of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition to Trailing-Edge Noise

DOI: 10.2514/1.41921 Thispaperdemonstratesthecalculationofairfoiltrailing-edgenoisefromdetailedmodelsoftheturbulentvelocity fluctuations in the trailing-edge boundary layer. Velocity fluctuations are specified in terms of a set of statistically independent modes, each of which can be used independently to initiate a model for the convection of vorticity past the trailing edge. The acoustic radiation from each mode can then be computed, and the statistics of the far-field sound can be obtained from the independent sum of each modal contribution. Details of the approach are provided and a sample calculation is performed using proper orthogonal modes obtained from a direct numerical simulation of a turbulent boundary-layer flow. Comparison with experimental data shows the resulting noise predictions to be reasonablyaccurate.Ananalysisofthepredictionshowsthatmostofthenoiseisproducedbylarge-scalestreamwise velocity modes in the bottom 10% of the boundary layer.
Anisotropic local contrast normalization: the role of stimulus orientation and spatial frequency bandwidths in the oblique and horizontal effect perceptual anisotropies.

Abstract Visual ability for sine waves and other narrowband stimuli shows an oblique effect—worst performance at obliques, best at horizontal and vertical orientations. Recently, we have shown that with broadband stimuli (either 1/fα visual noise or natural scenes), performance for detecting oriented content is worst at horizontal, best at the obliques, and intermediate at vertical orientations (a “horizontal effect”). This horizontal effect has been explained by a cortical contrast normalization model that is both local (over orientation and spatial frequency) and anisotropic (due to a numerical bias of neurons with different preferred orientations). Here, the bandwidth of content at which an oblique effect or horizontal effect occurs was assessed in two suprathreshold matching experiments conducted with 1/fα noise stimuli filtered with a triangle increment function of varied bandwidth (16 levels of orientation and spatial frequency bandwidth). The results provided further support for the local anisotropic normalization model in that an oblique effect was observed when a fairly small range of orientations and high spatial frequencies were tested and the horizontal effect was observed for broadband increments ⩾20° orientation bandwidth and ⩾1-octave in frequency. At intermediate spatial frequency and orientation increment bandwidths, a blend of the two anisotropies was observed.
Amplitude compression and profound hearing loss.

Nine subjects with prelingually acquired, sensorineural, hearing loss were given a three-interval, forced-choice, test of speech pattern contrast perception under two amplification conditions. The ...
The Spinocerebellar Ataxia-Associated Gene Tau Tubulin Kinase 2 Controls the Initiation of Ciliogenesis

The primary cilium has critical roles in human development and disease, but the mechanisms that regulate ciliogenesis are not understood. Here, we show that Tau tubulin kinase 2 (TTBK2) is a dedicated regulator of the initiation of ciliogenesis in vivo. We identified a null allele of mouse Ttbk2 based on loss of Sonic hedgehog activity, a signaling pathway that requires the primary cilium. Despite a normal basal body template, Ttbk2 mutants lack cilia. TTBK2 acts at the distal end of the basal body, where it promotes the removal of CP110, which caps the mother centriole, and promotes recruitment of IFT proteins, which build the ciliary axoneme. Dominant truncating mutations in human TTBK2 cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 11 (SCA11); these mutant proteins do not promote ciliogenesis and inhibit ciliogenesis in wild-type cells. We propose that cell-cycle regulators target TTBK2 to the basal body, where it modifies specific targets to initiate ciliogenesis.
The bundle of schütz and its relation to the regulation of food intake

Les lesions provoquees chez des souris par une injection d'aurothioglucose dans la region ventromediale de l'hypothalame sont suivies de la degenerescence du fasciculus dorsalis longitudinalis (faisceau de Schutz). Cette observation indique que l'origine de cette structure efferente est glucoreceptive et fait partie du systeme glucorecepteur qui controle la satiete.
Neighbourhood and consumer food environment is associated with dietary intake among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants in Fayette County, Kentucky

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the association between dietary outcomes and the neighbourhood food environment (street network distance from home to stores) and consumer food environment (Nutrition Environment Measurement Survey-Stores (NEMS-S) audit). Design: The neighbourhood food environment was captured by creating 0·5-mile and 1-mile network distance (street distance) around each participant's home and the nearest food venue (convenience store, grocery store, supermarket, farmers' market and produce stand). The consumer food environment was captured by conducting NEMS-S in all grocery stores/supermarkets within 0·5 and 1 mile of participants' homes. Setting: Fayette County, KY, USA. Subjects: Supplemental Nutrition Assessment Program (SNAP) participants, n 147. Results: SNAP participants who lived within 0·5 mile of at least one farmers' market/produce stand had higher odds of consuming one serving or more of vegetables (OR = 6·92; 95% CI 4·09, 11·69), five servings or more of grains (OR = 1·76; 95% CI 1·01, 3·05) and one serving or more of milk (OR = 3·79; 95% CI 2·14, 6·71) on a daily basis. SNAP participants who lived within 0·5 mile of stores receiving a high score on the NEMS-S audit reported higher odds of consuming at least one serving of vegetables daily (OR = 3·07; 95 % CI 1·78, 5·31). Conclusions: Taken together, both the neighbourhood food environment and the consumer food environment are associated with a healthy dietary intake among SNAP participants.
A temporally oriented data model

The research into time and data models has so far focused on the identification of extensions to the classical relational model that would provide it with “adequate” semantic capacity to deal with time. The temporally oriented data model (TODM) presented in this paper is a result of a different approach, namely, it directly operationalizes the pervasive three-dimensional metaphor for time. One of the main results is thus the development of the notion of the data cube: a three-dimensional and inherently temporal data construct where time, objects, and attributes are the primary dimensions of stored data. TODM's cube adds historical depth to the tabular notions of data and provides a framework for storing and retrieving data within their temporal context. The basic operations in the model allow the formation of new cubic views from existing ones, or viewing data as one moves up and down in time within cubes.This paper introduces TODM, a consistent set of temporally oriented data constructs, operations, and constraints, and then presents TOSQL, a corresponding end-user's SQL-like query syntax. The model is a restricted but consistent superset of the relational model, and the query syntax incorporates temporal notions in a manner that likewise avoids penalizing users who are interested solely in the current view of data (rather than in a temporal perspective). The naturalness of the spatial reference to time and the added semantic capacity of TODM come with a price—the definitions of the cubic constructs and basic operations are relatively cumbersome. As rudimentary as it is, TODM nonetheless provides a comprehensive basis for formulating an external data model for a temporally oriented database.
Spatial patterns of regeneration in managed uneven-aged ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forests of Western Montana, USA

In uneven-aged ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl.) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Mirbel) Franco) stands managed by individual tree selection, the recruitment of new sapling cohorts necessary to sustain structure and composition is generally assumed to occur within canopy openings created by harvest. However, few studies have examined the spatial patterns of new regeneration in relation to reserve trees in the overstory in this forest type. In this study, we analyzed the spatial distributions and associations between saplings and overstory trees using univariate and bivariate transformations of Ripley's L-functions. Furthermore, we introduced a ratio-based index to quantify the strength of bivariate spatial associations, which allowed us to further evaluate potential causes for the observed patterns. We found that saplings of both ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir established predominantly in clumps, and that saplings of the two species generally had a positive association with one another at short scale (up to 5 m). We found no evidence to suggest that saplings of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir occupied separate spatial locations in these stands. We also found mixed results for bivariate associations between saplings of both species and overstory trees, where both positive and negative spatial associations occurred depending on the putative moisture level of plots indicated by habitat type group. The strength of positive spatial association between saplings and medium-sized overstory trees appeared to decrease as plot moisture-level increased, suggesting that sapling establishment and survival might be facilitated by shading on moisture-limited sites.
The effect of barbiturate and procaine in glial and neuronal contributions to evoked cortical steady potential shifts

The negative steady potential (SP) shift associated with the direct cortical response (evoked by slow repetitive stimulation) is believed to be generated by glial depolarization secondary to a transient increase in [K+0. This SP shift is augmented by barbiturate and reduced by procaine. To elucidate these drug effects the direct cortical response was studied simultaneously with intracellular recording from glia in one group of experiments and with measurements of [K+0 in another. Barbiturate produced the expected increase in the negative SP shift, but had either no effect, or slightly reduced glial slow depolarization (SD). The effect on [K+o was similar. These findings argue against glial SD as being the only source of the SP shift during barbiturate anesthesia and suggest a significant neuronal contribution. That this is so is strongly suggested by finding a reversal in polarity of the barbiturate augmented negative SP shift, 600–900 μm below the cortical surface. This reversal is expected for a potential generated by vertically oriented neurons and differs from the situation before barbiturate administration when the SP shift does not reverse but becomes progressively smaller in the cortical depth, consistent with a glial origin for the SP shift. With procaine, the SP shift and SD are modified similarly. They both undergo a quantitatively appropriate amplitude reduction. The effect of procaine on [K+0 could not be tested since procaine directly effects ion-sensitive K+ electrodes. Laminar analysis of the reduced negative SP shift after procaine is qualitatively similar to the finding before giving the drug; there is no reversal. We believe the reduced SP shift after procaine continues to reflect glial SD. Procaine can diminish both direct and synaptic neural excitation which would result in a smaller extracellular liberation of K+ and hence a smaller glial SD and SP shift. By contrast, barbiturate which can also depress synaptic excitation is believed, in addition, to uncover and enhance (especially by prolongation) postsynaptic inhibition. Thus, after barbiturate, the augmented SP shift may reflect the addition of two separately generated surface negatives—glial SD and summated hyperpolarizing IPSPs in cortical depth.
A stochastic dominance analysis of ranked voting systems with scoring

Abstract Selection procedures and elections often use a ranked voting system combined with a set of point values assigned to the various ranks. The winner is the one with the highest total points. However, the choice of the set of point values tends to be arbitrary. Stochastic dominance will be used to define a partial ordering of candidates in this situation. This shows the effect of choosing different point values and, in particular, determines all possible orderings of the candidates. Examples from sports competitions will be used.
Scenes of Translation: Responses to Responses

In his “Response to Responses,” Vicente Rafael thanks and answers the questions raised during the forum. To Gary Devilles’s comment of his “remaining silent” in the way translation can be “radicalized into an ethical technology or a strategic pedagogy,” Rafael offers the trope of revenge—a desire for justice, which results from the Spanish misrecognition of Filipino attempts at translation—and the language of secrecy and solidarity of the 1896 Revolution—which results from the failure of Castilian to become lingua franca—as political technics in themselves. To Ramon Guillermo’s comment of the book’s impoverished, restrictive, and imprecise notions of translation, Rafael reiterates and contends his multivalent conception of translation: always doubled and open-ended; dialectical and dialogical; “that which is new and for this reason yet to be assimilated and understood;” in sum, “that which is always inside and outside, eccentric yet inherent to the social order,” constitutive as well as disruptive. To Remmon Barbaza’s Heideggerian reading, Rafael thankfully re-emphasizes the recurrent motif of the foreign as call and the affinity of this with the foreign as promise. Finally, to Roland Tolentino’s “disconcerting” series of questions, Vince Rafael warns against the fetishization of translation when detached from its particularity, and its envisagement as “the subjugation of the other in order to realize one’s sense of self, a self predicated on the mastery of the other’s discourse.”
Development of a tightly regulated and highly inducible ecdysone receptor gene switch for plants through the use of retinoid X receptor chimeras

Chemical inducible gene regulation systems provide essential tools for the precise regulation of transgene expression in plants and animals. Recent development of a two-hybrid ecdysone receptor (EcR) gene regulation system has solved some of the drawbacks that were associated with the monopartate gene switch. To further improve the versatility of the two-hybrid EcR gene switch for wide spread use in plants, chimeras between Homo sapiens retinoid X receptor (HsRXR) and insect, Locusta migratoria RXR (LmRXR) were tested in tobacco protoplasts as partners with Choristoneura fumiferana EcR (CfEcR) in inducing expression of the luciferase reporter gene. The RXR chimera 9 (CH9) along with CfEcR, in a two-hybrid format gave the best results in terms of low-background expression levels in the absence of ligand and high-induced expression levels of the reporter gene in the presence of nanomolar concentrations of the methoxyfenozide ligand. The performance of CH9 was further tested in corn and soybean protoplasts and the data obtained was compared with the other EcR switches that contained the wild-type LmRXR or HsRXR as EcR partners. In both transient expression studies and stable transformation experiments, the fold induction values obtained with the CH9 switch were several times higher than the values obtained with the other EcR switches containing LmRXR or HsRXR. The new CfEcR two-hybrid gene switch that uses the RXR CH9 as a partner in inducing reporter gene expression provides an efficient, ligand-sensitive and tightly regulated gene switch for plants.
Comments on James L. Gelvin's “Al-Qaeda and Anarchism: A Historian's Reply to Terrorology”

Because they have long been associated with bombing outrages and spectacular acts of violence, it is tempting to draw parallels between the anarchists of the late nineteenth and early twentieth cen...
Astrocyte morphology altered by 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl) 2-methyl piperazine (H-7) and other protein kinase inhibitors

Abstract Studies were conducted to determine if the protein kinase C inhibitor H-7 could block the effects of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) on astrocyte morphology. Contrary to expectation, H-7 alone was found to induce morphological changes very similar to those elicited by PMA. This effect was shared by two other inhibitors of protein kinase C, H-8 and staurosporine, but not by the cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase inhibitor HA-1004 or the calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase inhibitor W-7. Although the morphological effects observed with H-7 resemble those induced by PMA, H-7 did not promote the redistribution of protein kinase C to membrane or induce the phosphorylation of endogenous proteins like PMA. In addition, the effects of H-7 were still observed in cells depleted of protein kinase C activity which were no longer responsive to treatment with PMA. Cytoskeletal elements appear to be involved in the effect of H-7 on cell shape tince this effect is blocked by treatment with colchicine. Activators of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase also alter astrocyte shape, however, while H-7 did cause a slight increase in cyclic AMP levels, it was unlikely that this action is responsible for its effect on morphology. One common action of both H-7 and PMA was to decrease the 32 P content of several 20,000 Da proteins. While the mechanism by which H-7 exerts its influence on astrocyte morphology remains to be clarified, be it by the inhibition of protein kinase C or some other mechanism, the results suggest that caution must be used when interpreting the effects of activators and inhibitors of this kinase.
Demonstration of human reagin in monkey tissues: III. In vitro passive sensitization of monkey ileum with sera of atopic patients. Physiologic and enhancing experiments

Abstract Comparisons of the response of monkey and guinea pig ileum and human appendix to histamine, bradykinin, serotonin, and SRS-A (slow-reacting substance) are reported. The monkey and guinea pig ileum reacted equally to both histamine and bradykinin. The guinea pig ileum showed a greater response to serotonin than did the other tissues. On the other hand, the monkey ileum reacted more strongly to SRS-A substance than did the guinea pig ileum. The human appendix responded well to both histamine and bradykinin but gave only weak contractions with serotonin. The monkey ileum and human appendix were able to be passively sensitized in vitro by much less serum of allergic patients than was required to sensitize the guinea pig ileum. This sensitization of the guinea pig ileum was not destroyed when the atopic serum was heated at 56° C. for 4 hours. However, this same treatment of serum prevented sensitization of the monkey ileum and human appendix. In vitro sensitization was enhanced 2 to 10 times when serum was diluted in isotonic buffered glucose rather than Tyrode's solution, and also if succinic or maleic acids were added with the antigen for challenge.
Estradiol increases the duration of nuclear androgen receptor occupation in the preoptic area of the male rat treated with dihydrotestosterone.

Abstract Androgens and estrogens interact in neural tissues to regulate behavioral and neuroendocrine responses. As an initial attempt to identify the cellular level at which these steroids interact, we characterized the time course of nuclear androgen receptor (ARn) occupation in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus (POA) after chronic dihydrotestosterone (DHT) administration and determined whether it was modified by concurrent treatment with estradiol benzoate (EB). We found that ARn levels peaked (47.1 ± 12.6 fmol/mg DNA) by 12 h after castrated rats were treated with Silastic capsules filled with crystalline DHT and remained significantly elevated for at least an additional 12 h. When EB was injected (2 μg/rat) at the same time the DHT capsules were inserted, peak levels of ARn in POA were reached sooner (6 h) and retained longer (48 h), Comparisons with other central and peripheral tissues suggested that this response was unique to the POA. These results suggest that estrogens may modify the response of POA neurons to androgens by altering the duration of ARn occupation.