cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and periodic assessment of asthma.

This chapter reviews the features of the clinical history that indicate a diagnosis of asthma, the approach to establishing the diagnosis, and the tests that may be employed in confirming the diagnosis. Recommendations are provided for when to refer to an asthma specialist for a consultation or for ongoing care. The chapter also describes the goal of therapy in asthma and recommends methods for monitoring asthma, along with specific strategies to improve asthma care and to enhance communication between the health care provider and the patient. Much of the content comes directly from the recent Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma developed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-NHLBI National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (1). Other recent NIH publications that may provide a valuable resource for the clinician are listed (2–8).
Development of BEM for thermoviscous flow

Abstract The boundary element method (BEM) is applied to natural convection problems involving steady, two-dimensional, buoyancydriven flow of an incompressible fluid. The buoyancy effect is incorporated in two distinct BEM formulations, involving coupled and uncoupled kernel functions. The integral equation is derived, the appropriate fundamental solutions are explicitly presented, and the implementation details are discussed. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the validity of the formulations, and for comparison with the more established finite element method (FEM). Various computational aspects are discussed, such as the convergence, accuracy and efficiency of the various approaches.
Passive transmission of Campylobacter fetus by immunised bulls.

SUMMARY Two groups of 24 heifers were mated with 3 immunised and 3 susceptible bulls respectively. Six heifers in each group were infected artificially with Campylobacter fetus sub-sp. fetus biotype venerealis. Among susceptible heifers mated with immunised bulls, 13/18 became pregnant and 5/18 yielded evidence of infection with C. fetus. Among susceptible heifers mated with susceptible bulls, 7/18 became pregnant and 10/18 yielded evidence of infection. C. fetus was isolated on one occasion from an immunised bull, but the immunised bulls failed to develop carrier status and one was shown to be refractory to artificial challenge. Susceptible bulls developed carrier status during the breeding period. It is suggested that passive transmission of C. fetus by immunised bulls can occur under conditions of intensive sexual activity.
Positive influence of robotically assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy on the collaborative-care pathway for open radical prostatectomy

OBJECTIVE To define changes in the clinical pathway for open radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) and to determine their impact on patient care under the indirect influence of minimally invasive prostatectomy after implementing robotically assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) at our institution and modifying the collaborative-care pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the Vanderbilt Prostate Database since the initiation of RALP in May 2003, evaluating those patients who had open RRP. Data were analysed in three consecutive 5-month blocks to determine incremental changes in protocol and outcomes, including complications and re-admissions. RESULTS Between May 2003 and August 2004, 196 patients had RALP and 183 had RRP. After May 2003, there was a progressive reduction for open RRP in the length of stay from 1.6 to 1.3 days. Analysis also showed an elimination of patient-controlled analgesia, a rapid diet advancement, and drain removal at the surgeon's discretion. There were no major complications after surgery, and three minor complications (1.6%). The rate of re-admission after open RRP was low throughout the study period (seven patients, 3.8%), and did not increase progressively. CONCLUSIONS The management after open RRP was modified substantially after implementing RALP, with the two clinical pathways now similar. Despite these modifications in the treatment of patients having open RRP there was no increase in morbidity or compromise in patient outcome. Indeed, this study shows the feasibility and safety of a 1-day length of stay for open RRP.
TESTICULAR SEROUS PAPILLARY CYSTADENOMATOUS TUMOR OF LOW MALIGNANT POTENTIAL IN A CHILD

Testicular neoplasms are similar to ovarian neoplastic cell lines in regard to germ cell, gonadal stromal and adenomatoid tumors. However, there are only a few reports of common tumors of epithelial origin that resemble epithelial neoplasms of the ovary. In 1988 Brito et al described the fifth case of a rare testicular tumor of common epithelial origin.’ They treated a 37-year-old man who presented to our institution with a testicular serous papillary cystadenomatous tumor of low malignant potential. Since then, only 6 other such cases have been reported. Only 11 cases of testicular and paratesticular papillary cystadenomas of low malignant potential have been described, and all developed in adulthood. To our knowledge we report on the first prepubertal male patient to have testicular serous papillary cystadenoma of low malignant potential. CASE REPORT A 9-year-old white boy was referred to our institution in 1994 for the evaluation of left epididymitis. Antibiotics had been started before evaluation and the parents reported that swelling and symptoms had improved significantly. The left testicle was hard and slightly tender. Testicular duplex ultrasound revealed edema of the left epididymis with normal flow bilaterally. The patient failed to comply with all followup appointments and recommended studies. Four years later he presented to his local physician, who noted firmness in the left testicle that represented a significant change from previous physical examinations. The patient denied any history of urinary tract infection or voiding dysfunction. At repeat referral to our institution the patient was afebrile with no scrota1 tenderness or erythema. Physical examination suggested a normal left hemiscrotum but palpation revealed an obvious abnormality at the superior aspect of the testis. A smooth solid mass was palpable adjacent to the upper pole of the testis and another smooth, softer mass was also noted superior to the testis. Testicular ultrasound confirmed a bilobed mass in the superior aspect of the lignant potential characterized by serous epithelium with papillary architecture consisting of pseudostratification and tufiing of the enlarged cells, which had nuclear hyperchromasia (fig. 2). There was no significant mitotic activity and no evidence of invasion. The epididymal and seminiferous tubules appeared intact, although there was surrounding soft tissue inflammation and dense fibrosis. Postoperatively computerized tomography of the abdomen and pelvis was normal. Serum cancer antigen 125 was normal at 9 units per ml. The patient is currently being followed with outpatient chest x-rays and abdominal computerized tomography. DISCUSSION
A procedure for the joint inversion of regional and teleseismic long‐period body waves

A procedure for the joint inversion of regional and teleseismic long-period waveforms for source parameters is presented. Three test cases demonstrate that the inclusion of regional distance seismograms to a data set of teleseismic observations stabilizes the inversion process and adds valuable constraints to the source parameter estimates, particularly when the teleseismic Green's functions are inadequate. The added stability and constraints from regional waveforms can be attributed to the robust nature of regional distance Green's functions, as well as the added coverage of the focal sphere that regional data provide. Singular value decomposition is a useful inversion method that is well suited for this study because it provides a measure of the solution dependence on individual observations.
An easily constructed and inexpensive three-layer cassette for tritium-sensitive film autoradiography

Abstract This report describes the design, construction, and use of a three-layer photographic cassette that is suitable for tritium-sensitive film autoradiography. The cassette can be produced easily and at a fraction of the cost of commercially available cassettes. The three-tiered design allows for the simultaneous exposure of 108 standard-sized glass microscope slides to three 20 × 34 cm pieces of 3 H-Ultrofilm (LKB). The small between- or within-film variation of gray values recorded for either background, tritium-containing standards, or neighboring brain sections labeled with 3 H-spiroperidol demonstrates the reliability of the cassette for autoradiographic quantification of tritium label.
The effects of sampling on CT images.

Abstract Among the most important parameters that characterize CT data collection are the linear sample spacing, and the nominal beam-width. In this paper, we study the effects of these parameters on CT imaging using both a theoretical model and simulated images. An exact treatment of the point spread function in our model, which properly accounts for aliasing and reconstruction algorithm effects, is given for the case of parallel beam geometry. It is shown that it is always desirable to make the sample spacing as small as possible. In particular, aliasing artifacts are shown to decrease as sample spacing is decreased, both in the theoretical point spread function and in simulated CT images. Furthermore, abasing is shown to destroy the spatial invariance of the point spread function, whose shape will then depend on the exact location of the point in the scan field. Also investigated is the “volcano effect”, in which the point spread function develops a central depression when small sample spacing is used. It is shown that this effect produces no unusual distortions in the reconstruction of objects larger in diameter than the beam width; and further, that an attempt to avoid the volcano effect by means of inadequate sampling can have disastrous consequences for the reconstructed image.
Does ferric gluconate lower epoetin requirements in hemodialysis patients with high ferritin levels

The 6-week Dialysis Patients' Response to IV Iron with Elevated Ferritin (DRIVE) study demonstrated that the administration of intravenous iron improved anemia in patients on hemodialysis who had high ferritin levels (500–1,200 ng/ml [1,124–2,696 pmol/l]) and were receiving adequate epoetin doses, disproving previous beliefs that intravenous iron does not benefit patients with ferritin levels >500 ng/ml. This commentary discusses the DRIVE-II study, an observational 6-week extension study reported by Kapoian et al. that was designed to measure the impact of prior iron administration on subsequent epoetin dose. The extension study found that the epoetin dose requirement decreased significantly in patients who had received intravenous iron during DRIVE, but did not change in control patients. Although the results are promising, long-term studies with hard end points such as stroke, myocardial infarction, hospitalization for heart failure, and death are needed to confirm the safety of the intravenous iron regimen.
Protease Production by Alternaria tenuissima

Five strains of A. tenuissima showed wide variation in ability to produce extracellular proteases and the amount of protease produced by a given strain varied greatly with the medium used. Strain E-34 produced at least three proteases, with pH optima for casein digestion of pH 2.8, 6.6 and 9.5 respectively. The effect of the constituents of a liver-glucose medium on production of pH 9.5 protease by strain E-34 was investigated. Yields of pH 9.5 protease of up to 1.4 enzyme units per 1 have been obtained using this strain.
Economics of porcine parvovirus vaccination assessed by decision analysis

Abstract Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is ubiquitous in swine herds throughout the U.S.A. and has an established role in reproductive failure. Infection of pregnant swine prior to development of fetal immunocompetence can result in embryonic and fetal death with serious financial consequences for the producer. Although an effective vaccine is available, many farms still rely on natural infection of gilts for developing immunity prior to breeding. A decision tree model was used to assess the economic benefits of a vaccination program against PPV. The model predicts substantial economic benefits for a breeding herd PPV vaccination program.
The effect of brand names on flavor perception and consumption in restrained and unrestrained eaters

Abstract In an increasingly obesogenic food environment, making healthful food decisions can be difficult. Because consumers are often bombarded with excessive information about foods they often rely on simple heuristics to decide whether to purchase or consume a food. In the present study we tested females who were either restrained (n = 33) or unrestrained (n = 33) to determine whether their sensory perception and intake of a food would be affected by brand information. Participants were provided with in an ad libitum snack of cookies which was labeled with a brand typically associated with healthful snacks or a brand associated with unhealthful snacks. Results indicated that all participants rated the cookies with the healthful brand label as more satisfying and as having a better taste and flavor. Furthermore, restrained eaters consumed more of the healthful brand than the unhealthful brand, whereas unrestrained eaters’ consumption did not differ. Thus it appears that food-related beliefs do influence consumers’ intake, especially that of restrained eaters. Further research is warranted to investigate these beliefs in order to improve recommendations for healthful eating in a society facing an increased prevalence of overeating and obesity.
Effects of pricing in multiple-service networks with resource allocation

ABSTRACT The recent deployment of broadband networks that accommodate applications with diverse quality of service re-quirements presents new challenges to the pricing of network services. Pricing can and should be used to influence customers to choose services that fit their application needs, maximizing the statistical multiplexing capability of the network. This paper presents a framework for studying the issues involved in pricing for multiple-service networks.Our results illustrate how we can affect customers' choices by charging according to the amount of resources thatare allocated to a connection.Keywords: network pricing, quality of service (QoS), traffic management, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), networking games 1. INTRODUCTION The promise of a Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (BISDN) is gradually becoming a reality, propelled by advances in semiconductor and optical technology.' A BISDN must meet diverse application requirements while making efficient use of network resources; this can be accomplished by offering users a number of service choices, withvarious quality of service (QoS) guarantees. For instance, in Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks, serviceclasses range from best-effort service to services with QoS guarantees including maximum cell transfer delay and cell
Initial findings on cross‐system utilization of citizen foster care review board recommendations

During 1998 an estimated 560,000 children were in foster care across the United States. With increasing numbers of children in foster care policy-makers are concerned with permanency planning. In an effort to promote permanency planning the US Congress enacted the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980 which mandated that individual states (a) develop a case plan within 30 days of a child being placed in foster care, (b) incorporate a system of review into their foster care programs, and (c) review foster care cases at least every six months. Despite the level of policy activity centering on foster care review there has been a paucity of rigorous research. This study asks ‘How well utilized are foster care review recommendations by child welfare case managers and Juvenile Court judges?’ Results are framed in Systems Theory, specifically Complexity Theory. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current role of laser therapy in thoracic diseases

Laser therapy has become an important tool in the thoracic specialists' armamentarium. It has added a new dimension to using the bronchoscope, thoracoscope, and in performing pulmonary resections with a remarkably low rate of complications that is perhaps related to the learning curve of each operator. In addition to the use of thermal effects of laser (mainly with use of Nd:Yag) for tracheobronchial obstruction, pulmonary resection with adequate parenchymal preservation, and treatment of air leaks and bullae, the use of photosensitisers is making it possible to diagnose and treat early lung cancer, palliate unresectable endobronchial carcinoma, reduce extent of lung resection, and control JLTBP with potential for cure. The combined use of Nd:Yag laser and PDT with other modalities like brachytherapy, hyperthermia, and external beam radiation awaits further studies.
The generalized yolk point

Abstract The generalized yolk point is defined and solved using constructive geometric techniques. A numerical example illustrates the solution methodology and form of the associated size functional.
Utility of Socioeconomic Status in Predicting 30-Day Outcomes After Heart Failure Hospitalization

Background —An individual's socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with health outcomes and mortality, yet it is unknown whether accounting for SES can improve risk-adjustment models for 30-day outcomes among Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) beneficiaries hospitalized with heart failure (HF). Methods and Results —We linked clinical data on hospitalized HF patients in the Get With The Guidelines®-HFTM database (01/2005-12/2011) with CMS claims and county-level SES data from the 2012 Area Health Resources Files. We compared the discriminatory capabilities of multivariable models that adjusted for SES, patient, and/or hospital characteristics to determine whether county-level SES data improved prediction or changed hospital rankings for 30-day all-cause mortality and rehospitalization. After adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics, median household income (per $5,000 increase) was inversely associated with odds of 30-day mortality (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95-1.00, p=0.032), and the percentage of persons with at least a high school diploma (per 5 unit increase) was associated with lower odds of 30-day rehospitalization (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91-0.99). After adjustment for county-level SES data, relative to whites, Hispanic ethnicity (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.58, 0.83) and black race (OR 0.57, 95% CI: 0.50-0.65) remained significantly associated with lower 30-day mortality, but had similar 30-day rehospitalization. County-level SES did not improve risk adjustment or change hospital rankings for 30-day mortality or rehospitalization. Conclusions —County-level SES data are modestly associated with 30-day outcomes for CMS beneficiaries hospitalized with HF, but do not improve risk adjustment models based on patient characteristics alone.
Far infrared absorption measurements in the region of the non-devonshire lines in alkali halides containing OH- and OD- impurities

Abstract Recent experiments indicate that OH - and OD - impurities in alkali halide crystals execute complicated motions which cannot be adequately described in terms of simple models. The implication of the results regarding theoretical approaches to the dynamic behavior of hydroxyl ions in alkali halide hosts are presented.
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) expression in primary spinal cord gliomas

Abnormal signaling through the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) has been proposed as a possible mechanism of spinal cord glioma initiation and progression. However, the extent of PDGFR expression in human spinal cord gliomas remains unknown. In this study we perform immunohistochemical analysis of PDGFRα expression in a series of 33 primary intramedullary spinal cord gliomas of different types and grades. PDGFRα was seen to be expressed in a significant subset of these tumors across all major glioma types including ependymoma, oligodendroglioma, pilocytic astrocytoma, astrocytoma, and glioblastoma. These results support the hypothesis that growth factor signaling through the PDGFR may be important for the development of at least a subset of human spinal cord gliomas. Further studies investigating the prognostic significance of PDGFR expression as well as the role of PDGF signaling on the development of intramedullary spinal cord gliomas are warranted.
Experience With Early Distributed Generation Systems

This paper describes the performance and operating experience with two residential sized Combined Heat and Power units which were in operation from 1979 through 1995. The first unit was an automatic coal fired steam electric Combined Heat and Power system, based on the Rankine Steam Cycle. The unit was initially fired in 1979, operating with a steam turbine-generator for two years, and was modified with a reciprocating expander for an additional two years operation. The unit functioned reliably, with only four forced outages during the four years of operation. The second system was diesel engine-generator based, again a Combined Heat and Power System, which was started in 1987 and operated for seven seasons into 1995. The system efficiency averaged 90% during the heating season, and showed remarkably low machinery wear and minimal maintenance during the eight year run. A technical description and performance characteristics are provided for each unit. Relevant design features, design challenges arising during operation, and details of operating experiences are discussed. Photographs, System Diagrams, and Performance Graphs of these early prototype units are included within the paper. Recommended design criteria for optimized small Distributed Generation/Combined Heat and Power units is developed in the paper.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
A new electronic verification method for Vector Network Analyzers

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has recently introduced a new method for the verification of Vector Network Analyzers (VNAs). The technique is based on the new electronic calibration units that are available from several manufacturers. Using data obtained from different states of the electronic calibration unit, the user can compare their measurements against those of NIST with NIST's uncertainty identified. Additionally, the users can compare the calibration based on their data against NIST's calibration based on the same electronic calibration unit. The resultant is a single figure of merit that characterizes the accuracy of the entire measurement process. In this paper we will describe the new technique and results from trial runs that have been conducted.
Banded karyotypes of 11 species of American bats (genus Myotis).

G- and C-band patterns for 11 species of New World Myotis are herein described. The karyotypes have remained highly stable during the evolution of this group, all species studied possess 2n=44 with four pairs of biarmed autosomes and a biarmed X. The only variation encountered is the size of the Y chromosome and chromosome 25, which is typically a minute a arocentric but in some species is a metacentric. The variation in both the Y and number 25 chromosomes is due to differing amounts of C-band positive heterochromatin. Three species of American “long-eared” Myotis appear to be karyotypically derived. A nomenclatural system is proposed for vespertilionid chromosomes in which each autosomal arm is numbered and each band is numbered beginning at the centromere. There are more than 200 bands identifiable in the G-band karyotype of Myotis.
The Potential Role of Cytokines in the Treatment of Viral Infections

A recent approach to the prevention or control of viral diseases has been to consider the use of cytokines as potential therapies. This has increased with the recent commercial availability of recombinant protein cytokines. The cytokines that have been studied, both experimentally and in humans, as antiviral therapies include interleukin-1, -2, -6 and -7, interferon-α, -β and -γ, tumour necrosis factor-α and -β, and the colony-stimulating factors. This article covers the therapeutic use of these cytokines in all important virus diseases, with particular emphasis on human immunodeficiency virus infection, including the related Kaposi’s sarcoma. Significant antiviral effects have been reported for most of these cytokines. Beneficial effects are particularly apparent when they are used in combination with the more traditional antiviral agents. The cytokines have extraordinarily broad biological functions. Some of these functions may reverse the desired antiviral action and may indeed bring about an enhancement or activation of viral infections, depending on how they are used. Such effects have been reported with some of the cytokines discussed in this review.
High-resolution x-ray masks for high-aspect-ratio microelectromechanical systems (HARMS)

X-ray lithography is commonly used to build high aspect ratio microstructures (HARMS) in a 1:1 proximity printing process. HARMS fabrication requires high energy X-rays to pattern thick resist layers; therefore the absorber thickness of the working X-ray mask needs to be 10-50 μm in order to provide high contrast. To realize high resolution working X ray masks, it is necessary to use intermediate X-ray masks which have been fabricated using e beam or laser lithographic techniques. The intermediate masks are characterized by submicron resolution critical dimensions (CD) but comparatively lower structural heights (~2 μm). This paper mainly focuses on the fabrication of high resolution X-ray intermediate masks. A three-step approach is used to build the high resolution X-ray masks. First, a so called initial mask with sub-micron absorber thickness is fabricated on a 1 μm thick silicon nitride membrane using a 50KeV e beam writer and gold electroplating. The initial X-ray mask has a gold thickness of 0.56 μm and a maximum aspect ratio of 4:1. Soft X-ray lithography and gold electroplating processes are used to copy the initial mask to form an intermediate mask with 1 μm of gold. The intermediate mask can be used to fabricate a working X-ray mask by following a similar set of procedures outlined above.
Internet information on heart disease in men

Finding information on heart disease in men might seem as easy as logging on to a favorite search engine, finding the right category, and perusing the available links. However, in trying several prominent search engines, this turned out not to be the case. One important reason for the lack of information is that heart disease has declined 60% since 1950. Nevertheless, heart disease is still the leading killer among men. An advanced search on a search engine (heart disease as a phrase and man or men) still yields an unwieldy number of pages, about 90,000. In an effort to bridge this gap, the author examines a number of governmental, organizational, and consumer Web sites containing high-quality information on heart disease.
Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus revisited: An evolutionary retrospective

The pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus is unique in many aspects, especially in its genetics and evolution. In this paper, we examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the evolution of this novel virus through a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, and present results in the context of a review of the literature. The pandemic virus was found to arise from a reassortment of two swine viruses, each of which ultimately arose from interspecies transmission. It experienced fast evolutionary rates and strong selection pressures, diverging into two different clusters at the early pandemic stage. Cluster I became extinct at the end of 2009 whereas Cluster II continued to circulate at much lower rates in 2010. Therefore, on August 10 of 2010 the WHO declared the end of the pandemic. Important mutations associated with host specificity, virulence, and drug resistance were detected in the pandemic virus, indicating effective transmission and increased severity in humans. Much has been learned about the evolutionary dynamics of this pandemic virus; however, it is still impossible to predict when the next pandemic will occur and which virus will be responsible. Improved surveillance at different levels (both national and international) and in different hosts (especially in swine) appears to be crucial for early detection and prevention of future influenza pandemics.
Axons induce differentiation of neurofibroma Schwann-like cells.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1, von Recklinghausen's disease) is characterized by the focal accumulation of Schwann-like cells (SLC) to form subcutaneous and plexiform neurofibromas and schwannomas. The aim of the present study was to determine whether NF-SLC are competent to differentiate in the presence of axons. Five dermal neurofibromas from five patients with NF-type 1 were enzymatically dissociated and the resultant cells were co-cultured with fetal rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. The cultures were studied by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using antibodies against galactocerebroside (galC), P0 glycoprotein, human nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) and human myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG). SLC were strongly NGFR+ but galC− and MAG−SLC for the 2 weeks of coculture. After 3 weeks in vitro, SLC-NGFR was down-regulated but some of the spindle shaped cells had become galC+.
Design of a robust controller for a grinding system

Grinding is a process that is often used in the manufacture of precision components. Variations in position, velocity, and force trajectories can affect part quality by changing part surface finish, geometry, and process material removal rate. Thus, controlling the position, velocity, and force is critical to achieving a high quality product from the grinding process. In designing a compensator for a robust force controlled grinding system, several constraints must be considered. It is critical that the normal grinding force is decoupled from the tangential feed velocity of the system. Therefore, two separate control loops are designed; a standard feed velocity loop and a force loop. Besides decoupling the force and velocity, a variety of other system performance specifications must be achieved. To aid in the design of the control loops, several parametric plots are used to visualize the effects of various control parameters on the closed-loop system dynamics as well as the coupling of the two loops.
Optimising tobacco market locations: Part I—A mixed integer programming model☆

Abstract A mixed integer programming model was developed to determine the optimum location of capacitated flue-cured tobacco market sites in the southeastern United States and the allocation of on-farm tobacco to sites. The model was designed to determine the minimum location-allocation cost for a given number of sites in the marketing system. The model partitioned the mixed integer formulation into an integer subroutine and a linear subroutine. As the model cycled between the two subprograms, the linear portion generated additional constraints for the integer subroutine. The integer subroutine determined feasible solutions from a Branch and Bound tree search technique. The model was utilised to determine optimum locations of market sites with up to 100,000 feasible solutions.
Surface Grating On Dielectric Slab Waveguide Between Parallel Perfectly Conducting Plates: Numerical Solution

A Numerical Solution for the interacting TE mode fields of a surface grated dielectric slab waveguide between parallel perfectly conducting plates is presented. The structure is assumed to operate in the reflection mode (where the dominant coupling is between counter-running film guided waves). The structure between plates provides an approximation to the open structure problem, where the plates are absent and the substrate and superstrate are both infinite in extent. With this approximation to the open structure it is possible to handle some cases of operation of the open structure near cutoff.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Conversion of an open-chain saponin to dioscin by a Dioscorea floribunda homogenate

Abstract A Dioscorea floribunda leaf homogenate converted an open-chain glycoside of diosgenin, Δ 5 -furostene-3β,22,26-triol 3β-chacotrioside 26β- d -glucopyranoside, to dioscin.
The Poetics of Ambivalence: Imagining and Unimagining the Political in Bilhaṇa’s Vikramāṅkadevacarita

There is something quite deceptive about Bilhaṇa’s Vikramāṅkadevacarita, one of the most popular and oft-quoted works of the Sanskrit canon. The poem conforms perfectly to the stipulations of the mahākāvya genre: it is replete with descriptions of bravery in battle and amorous plays with beautiful women; its language is intensified by a powerful arsenal of ornaments and images; and it portrays its main hero, King Vikramāṅka VI of the Cāḷukya dynasty (r. 1076–1126), as an equal of Rāma. At the same time, the poem subverts these very aspects of Sanskrit literary culture: the poetic language is thinned down at a series of crucial junctions; the Rāmaness of the hero is repeatedly undermined; and the poet consistently airs his ambivalence toward, if not utter resentment for his immediate cultural milieu, his own patron and subject matter, and the very task of a court poet. The article argues that Bilhaṇa’s ambivalence and alienation are the hallmark of his work, and that the poet constantly and consciously struggles with and comments on what he sees as the utter incompatibility between poetry and political reality. It also demonstrates that Bilhaṇa’s unique, personal voice resonates in his many afterlives and in several collections of poems attributed to him posthumously. I argue that it may well be a sign of recognition of what was truly innovative in his poetry that the tradition has credited Bilhaṇa with such additional lives and corpora.
Rocking the house: sound system cultures and the politics of space

This paper looks at cultural and musical practices which revolve around the reproduction and reception of recorded music as a form of public entertainment. It focuses on the technological and institutional configuration of the “sound system” in various genres of black music, disco and dance cultures. It shows how sound systems have become the focus of various musical, technological and social practices which have articulated cultural space. It also examines what occurs when these practices operate outside the boundaries of authorised, legitimate leisure space, and how they become subject to particular forms of social control and legal regulation.
Uterotropic activity of DDT in rats and mink and its influence on reproduction in the rat

The injection of o,p′-DDT increased uterine weights in intact immature rats, and in intact and castrate immature mink. The p,p′-isomer had only slight activity while the uterotropic activity of technical DDT was dependent upon the level of the o,p′-isomer it contained. Chronic ingestion of these compounds by rats at levels of 1 to 15 ppm in the diet did not influence fertility or fecundity in 2 successive generations. The time of vaginal opening, growth rate, and litter size was not influenced. The injection of 90 or 900 μg of p,p′-DDT or o,p′-DDT on days 1, 2, and 3 of pregnancy did not influence the number of embryos surviving to day 10 of pregnancy in the rat. However, following castration of adult female rats raised on DDT-containing diets, uterine involution was accelerated in animals receiving 15 ppm technical DDT.
Processing methods to preserve quality and color of cottonseed flakes

Hull-free cottonseed flakes were prepared for direct solvent extraction by two passes through a pilot plant size, hot air drier set at 200 F. Moisture content was reduced to 6.5% without evidence of gossypol binding. Improved drainage characteristics resulted in better extraction. Glanded and glandless flakes which had been extracted and partially desolventized at low temperatures were heated indirectly in a batch desolventizer under vacuum to temperatures above the point of steam condensation and solvent stripped with superheated steam. Resulting available lysine and protein solubility values on the meals and flours were desirably high. The desolventization was accomplished without significant color darkening.
Single fundamental mode photonic crystal vertical cavity laser with improved output power

The single fundamental mode output power of photonic crystal vertical cavity lasers is improved by varying sizes of oxide apertures and defect lasing apertures. A maximum output power of 3.1 mW in the fundamental mode has been achieved with a new fabrication process that involves only focused ion beam etching to create holes in selectively oxidised VCSELs.
Distribution of spectral weight in a system with disordered stripes

The ``band structure'' of a disordered stripe array is computed and compared, at a qualitative level, to angle-resolved photoemission experiments on cuprate high-temperature superconductors. The low-energy states are found to be strongly localized transverse to the stripe direction, so the electron dynamics is strictly one dimensional (along the stripe). Despite this, aspects of the two dimensional band-structure Fermi surface are still vividly apparent.
Regional Alterations in M1 Muscarinic Receptor-G Protein Coupling in Alzheimer's Disease

Previous studies examining the functional status of cortical muscarinic cholinergic M1 receptors have demonstrated an impairment in receptor-G protein coupling in Alzheimer's disease (AD) as measured by the inability of the receptor to form a high affinity agonist binding site. In order to investigate whether this alteration was a global phenomenon or a regional specific defect in signal transduction, we examined agonist binding at M1 receptors in three brain areas (superior frontal cortex, Brodmann areas 8 and 9; primary visual cortex, Brodmann area 17; and the dorsal striatum) within the same brain in controls and moderate to severe AD cases. Competition binding studies using the M1 antagonist 3H-pirenzepine (4 nM) in the presence of varying concentrations of the cholinergic agonist carbachol (50 nM to 1 mM) were performed in the presence and absence of GppNHp (100 microM), a non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP. In control membrane preparations, computer-assisted analysis of antagonist-agonist competition curves revealed that M1 receptor agonist binding fit a two site model with high and low affinity states in all three brain areas in the absence of GppNHp but only a single site in the presence of GppNHp. This is consistent with the ternary complex model of G protein-linked receptors. In contrast, curves obtained from both cortical regions from AD brains fit a single site model with low affinity in the presence or absence of GppNHp. On the other hand, agonist binding data obtained from the dorsal striatum of AD cases exhibited a two site fit, similar to that seen in controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Robust Nonlinear Identification Without A Priori Model Form Assumptions

A robust nonlinear identification technique, based on te Minimum Model Error (MME) optimal estimation approach, is modified by a post-etimation correlation procedure to essentially eliminate any requirement of the user to assume the form of the nonlinear model, in contrast to existing nonlinear identification approaches which usually require detailed assumptions of the nonlinearities. Model form is determined via statistical correlation of the MME optimal state estimates with the MME optimal model eror estimates. The example illustrations indicate that the method is robust with respect to prior ignorance of the model, and with respect to measurement noise, measurement frequency, and measurement record length.
A Simultaneous Multiphase Approach to Determine P-Wave and S-Wave Attenuation of the Crust and Upper Mantle

Abstract We have generalized the methodology of our regional amplitude tomography from the Lg phase to the four primary regional phases ( Pn , Pg , Sn , Lg ). Differences in the geometrical spreading, source term, site term, and travel paths are accounted for, while event source parameters such as seismic moment are consistent among phases. In the process, we have developed the first comprehensive regional P -wave and S -wave attenuation model of the crust and upper mantle by simultaneously using the amplitudes of four regional phases. When applied to an area encompassing the Middle East, eastern Europe, western Asia, south Asia, and northeast Africa for the 1–2 Hz passband, we find large differences in the attenuation of the lithosphere across the region. The tectonic Tethys collision zone has high attenuation, while stable outlying regions have low attenuation. While crust and mantle Q variations are often consistent, we do find several notable areas where they differ considerably but are appropriate given the region’s tectonic history. Lastly, the relative values of Qp and Qs indicate that scattering Q is likely the dominant source of attenuation in the crust at these frequencies.
The inner life of the genome.

The article discusses the influence on cell function in health and disease as a result of the way human genes are arrayed and their movement in the three-dimensional (3-D) space of a cell's nucleus. According to the author, chromosomes occupy preferred positions within the cell nucleus rather than existing there randomly. He notes that the nuclear organization of chromosomes is reflective of their functional state, including the gene it carries, and that the organization can change in response to changes in the cell's behavior or disease. Topics include an overview of how the identification of the locations that genes occupy within the nucleus and understanding how these positions change under different conditions is offering clues to how normal cells function and how diseases arise. INSETS: Organized at Many Levels;A Hallmark of Cancer Is Explained.
Automorphism groups and the full state spaces of the Petersen graph generalizations of G32

Abstract The geometric duals of the generalized Petersen graphs G(n, k) are the Greechie representations of the Generalizations of G32. The duals are denotes by G∗(n, k) and the generalizations by L(G∗(n, k)). For these generalizations which are orthomodular posets and lattices, the automorphism groups are completely determined. State properties are also investigated with the following results obtaining. 1. (1) L(G∗(n, 1)) admits a full set of dispersion free states if n is even. 2. (2) L(G∗(n, 1)) does not admit a full set of states if n is odd. 3. (3) L(G∗(n, 2)) admits a full set of dispersion free states for all values of n other than 5 or 8. 4. (4) L(G∗(8, 2)) admits a full set of states but does not admit a full set of dispersion free states. 5. (5) L(G∗(5, 2)) does not admit a full set of states. 6. (6) L(G∗(n, 3)) admits a full set of dispersion free states for all n.
Sensitivity of Phytophthora capsici on Vegetable Crops in Georgia to Mandipropamid, Dimethomorph, and Cyazofamid

Abstract Phytophthora blight, caused by Phytophthora capsici, is a serious disease in vegetable production, and selective use of fungicides continues to be a significant component of disease manage...
Effect of shadecards, shelterwoods, and clearcuts on temperature and moisture environments

Abstract This paper presents a comparison of two common techniques used to improve seedling survival on hot, dry reforestation. Adjacent shelterwood and clearcut sites were located and instrumented to compare temperature and moisture environments. In addition, cardboard shadecards were placed beside half of the seedlings studied so that effects of this treatment could be assessed. Seasonal measurements or observations of soil moisture, soil temperature, solar radiation, air temperature, stomatal diffusion resistance, seedling phenology and survival provided the basis for comparisons. Shelterwoods and shadecards improved seedling survival in relation to the clearcut. Both treatments affected soil temperature but the nature of the effects was different. The shelterwood canopy decreased solar radiation incident at the soil surface and caused cooler soil temperatures throughout the soil profile. Shadecards reduced soil temperatures only to a depth of 20 mm. Both treatments reduced the duration of periods of high soil temperature. The shelterwood treatment delayed seasonal water loss and decreased seedling water stress as measured by stomatal resistance. Shadecards did not significantly affect seedling stomatal resistance. The differences in seedling survival caused by shadecards and shelterwoods are apparently due to different influences on the seedling microclimate. The shelterwood causes a large reduction in soil temperature as well as decreased seedling water stress. Shadecards modify the soil temperature environment less extensively and so have less effect on seedling survival.
Meaningful Integration of Mathematics Methods Instruction and Field Experience

Abstract Preservice early childhood education majors at the University of Georgia are involved in a field experience in conjunction with their first mathematics methods course. The field experience involves one-on-one work with a child for 45 minutes each week for seven weeks. The intent of the field experience is to give the preservice teachers an opportunity to attend to children's mathematical thinking in a setting in which classroom management and curriculum management concerns are minimal. The design of the field experience is described and the outcomes for preservice teachers, children, and teacher educators are documented.
Interpersonal communications anxiety

(1976). Interpersonal communications anxiety. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 15, Interpersonal Relations, pp. 368-372.
A hydrothermal time model of seed after-ripening in Bromus tectorum L.

Bromus tectorum L. is an invasive winter annual grass with seeds that lose dormancy through the process of dry after-ripening. This paper proposes a model for after-ripening of B. tectorum seeds based on the concept of hydrothermal time. Seed germination time course curves are modelled using five parameters: a hydrothermal time constant, the fraction of viable seeds in the population, base temperature, mean base water potential and the standard deviation of base water potentials in the population. It is considered that only mean base water potential varies as a function of storage duration and incubation temperature following after-ripening. All other parameters are held constant throughout after-ripening and at all incubation temperatures. Data for model development are from seed germination studies carried out at four water potentials (0, −0.5, −1.0 and −1.5 MPa) at each of two constant incubation temperatures (15 and 25°C) following different storage intervals including recently harvested, partially after-ripened (stored for 4, 9 or 16 weeks at 20°C) and fully after-ripened (stored for 14 weeks at 40°C). The model was fitted using a repeated probit regression method, and for the two seed populations studied gave R2 values of 0.898 and 0.829. Germination time course curves predicted by the model generally had a good fit when compared with observed curves at the incubation temperature/water potential treatment combinations for different after-ripening intervals. Changes in germination time course curves during after-ripening of B. tectorum can largely be explained by decreases in the mean base water potential. The simplicity and good fit of the model give it considerable potential for extension to simulation of after-ripening under field conditions.