cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conflict and Cooperation in the Development of US–China Relations in Science and Technology: Empirical Observations and Theoretical Implications

Science and technology have played important roles in the development of US-China relations since the late 1970s. The mechanism of scientific and technological cooperation between the two countries has been a useful tool of diplomacy and remains so today. However, the use of that tool has become more complicated over the past three decades in the face of changing political, economic and security environments, the impact of China’s growing capabilities in science and technology, a deepening of economic globalization and the growing role of global production networks, and the rise of global environmental and health issues. Ethnic identity as a basis for collaboration and the changing roles played by US-based ethnic Chinese scientists and engineers have played important roles. While the imperatives for building a long-term, sustainable cooperative science and technology relationship between the two countries are stronger than ever, the potential for conflict also has increased, pointing to the need for new approaches to governance in the bilateral relationship.
End-User support for debugging demonstration-based model transformation execution

Model Transformation By Demonstration (MTBD) has been developed as an approach that supports model transformation by end-users and domain experts. MTBD infers and generates executable transformation patterns from user demonstrations and refinement from a higher level of abstraction than traditional model transformation languages. However, not every transformation pattern is demonstrated and specified correctly. Similar to writing programs, bugs can also occur during a user demonstration and refinement process, which may transform models into undesired states if left unresolved. This paper presents MTBD Debugger, which is a model transformation debugger based on the MTBD execution engine, enabling users to step through the transformation execution process and track the model's state during a transformation. Sharing the same goal of MTBD, the MTBD Debugger also focuses on end-user participation, so the low-level execution information is hidden during the debugging process.
Prospective, randomized, controlled comparison of the effects of low-fat and low-fat plus high-fiber diets on serum lipid concentrations

Previous studies examining the hypocholesterolemic effects of high-soluble-fiber diets have not been designed to control for dietary fat intake. Serum cholesterol reductions may therefore be accounted for by differences in consumption of fat. Moderately hypercholesterolemic, nonobese, Caucasian men and women, 30-50 y old were randomly assigned to low-fat, low-fat plus high-fiber, or usual-diet groups and followed for 12 mo. At 12 mo the high-fiber group consumed significantly more soluble fiber than both the low-fat and usual-diet groups (P = 0.0063 and P = 0.0001); the high-fiber group did not differ from the low-fat group in quantity of dietary fat consumed. The high-fiber group experienced a greater average reduction (13%) in serum cholesterol than did the low-fat (9%) and usual-diet (7%) groups. After adjustment for relevant covariates, the reduction in the high-fiber group was significantly greater than that in the low-fat group (P = 0.0482). Supplementation with soluble fiber reduces serum cholesterol beyond the reduction observed with low-fat diet alone.
Mexico Beckons Mid-American Small Business: Prospect for University Centered Export Trade Assistance*

Midwestern small business firms are being aggressively beckoned to enter the rapidly growing Mexican economy. With the recent passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Mexico is ready to start spending to upgrade its quality of life. Small business firms with products that can help with these improvements are being urged to scour Mexico for trade leads. This study reports on a survey of 1,104 midwest-central small and medium size manufacturing firms who find it difficult to take advantage of the export opportunity that Mexico may offer them. Among the respondents, 287firms are in industries classified by the U.S. Department of Commerce as having the greatest potential for rapid growth in export to Mexico. Characteristics of survey firms are presented along with their managerial and technical assistance needs. The prospect for a university-based export assistance center is explored along with the operational dimensions for such an agency partnership.
Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Fibromatosis After Pyrocarbon Implant Insertion A Case Report

Background: Pyrocarbon implants represent an increasingly popular method to treat proximal interphalangeal joint dysfunction. To this point, no association has been shown between pyrocarbon biomaterials and fibromatosis. We present a potentially serious and destructive complication associated with pyrocarbon arthroplasty. Methods: We demonstrate a clinical case involving pyrocarbon arthroplasty and subsequent fibromatosis development in an otherwise healthy 23-year-old female. To present this association, we illustrate the diagnostic workup involved in a rapidly expanding soft tissue mass of the hand and explain the appropriate treatment. Results: Pyrocarbon arthroplasty was associated with development of locally destructive fibromatosis confirmed by histopathological examination. Treatment involved wide resection with preservation of local structures. Conclusion: We describe the first association between fibromatosis and pyrocarbon biomaterial. Due to fibromatosis destructive effects, clinicians should be aware of potential complications associated with these materials and know how to accurately diagnose and treat these lesions.
Regulation of renal cortical cyclooxygenase-2 in young rats

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is involved in kidney morphogenesis and is transiently elevated in the immature kidney. In adult rats, renal cortical COX-2 expression is tonically suppressed by mineralocorticoids (MC) and glucocorticoids (GC) and induced by chronic salt restriction. Young rats have low levels of GC and are in a state of relative volume depletion. The present study was designed to investigate the mechanisms underlying elevated cortical COX-2 expression in the immature kidney. Supplementation of GC or MC suppressed cortical COX-2 expression in suckling rats. GC suppression was significantly, but not completely, prevented by either an MC receptor antagonist or a GC receptor antagonist. MC suppression was completely prevented by a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. Salt supplementation suppressed cortical COX-2 expression in a dose- and time-dependent pattern in the suckling rats. Cortical COX-2 expression in the weanling rats was upregulated by a low-salt diet and downregulated by a high-salt diet. These results suggest that relative volume depletion and reduced GC levels are involved in elevated cortical COX-2 expression in the immature rodent kidney.
An Inverse Simulation Study on Wing Adapter Kit Dynamics and Control in Prescribed Trajectory Flight

*† This paper presents a uniform approach to the modeling and simulation of smart Winged Adapter Kit (WAK) trajectory flight. WAK is a device that includes a pair of controllable wings which, after bolting onto the standard, general purpose bomb, transforms the weapon from a ballistic chunk of iron into a targetable stand-off glide bomb, thus creating a sophisticated Precision Guided Munitions (PGM) gliding bomb. The WAK motion is specified by a trajectory in space, a condition on a winged bomb attitude with respect to the trajectory, and a desired flight velocity variation. For a WAK controlled by aileron, elevator and rudder deflections changes, a tangent realization of trajectory constraints arises, which yields two additional constraints on the airframe attitude with respect to the trajectory. By combining the program constraint conditions and bomb dynamic equations, the governing equations of programmed motion are developed in the form of differential-algebraic equations. A method for solving the equations is proposed. The solution consists of time variations of the aircraft state variables and the demanded control that ensures the programmed motion realization.
Airport Performance Predictability Model

This study explores dynamic behavior of an airport system by investigating changes in airport primary runway configurations and their intermediate transitions. We analyze the duration and operational performance of each runway configuration and its transition to a subsequent configuration by using semi-Markov process. The results of this study provide useful information to air traffic controllers and airport system analysts about the nature of airport state pa tterns throughout a desired period. The results can be useful in predicting airport states and expected airport performance as a function of procedural elements. Because each airport state yi elds a certain level of capacity and delay, the information can be used for improving demand management strategies on a semi-strategic level, or in making appropriate tactical decisions with the objective to meet the required demand and reduce delays. Better predictability of airport states and their related operational performance can also be useful in determining an appropriate level of automation required during more critical airport state scenarios. Thus, by modeling transitions between airport states using semi-Markov processes, we determine the likelihood of the next state of the airport, given that the airport has been in a particular state for a particular length of time. This is an important airport characteristic that should aid air traffic controllers in providing adequate capacity in a dynamic fashion.
Unified Convergence Analysis for Iterative Algorithms and Fractional Calculus

We present local and semilocal convergence results for some iterative algorithms in order to approximate a locally unique solution of a nonlinear equation in a Banach space setting. In earlier studies to operator involved is assumed to be at least once Frechet-differentiable.
POLLUTION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT BY ORGANIC PESTICIDES.

Man is exposed to organic pesticides in his water environment through their use in the control of aquatic weeds, insects, and trash fish; percolation and runofJ from agricultural lands; drift from aerial and land applications; and discharge of industrial waste waters. Chemical and biologiC evidence indicates that most surface waters of the United States, in general, are polluted with the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides. In specific and localized situations, ground and surface waters have been polluted with the herbicide, 2,4-D. These organiC pesticides are routed to man through drinking water and indirectly through edible fish. The general evidence suggests that adsorption on solid surfaces, biologic and chemical degradation, hydrolysis, uptake, retention, and release by biologic systems, and chemical precipitation reactions do not eliminate organic pesticides quickly from water. Organic pesticides affect drinking water quality through off-tastes and off-odors. Since the concentrations of several organic thiophosphates and 2,4-D producing tastes and odors are far below subtoxic levels by factors ranging from 17 to 113,000, threshold taste and odor levels can be used to establish drinking water standards with the appropriate safety factors. Organic pesticides do not appear to represent a health hazard, chronic or acute, to man at the microgram per liter and milligram per liter concentrations believed to be in ground and surface waters at the present time.
Nutrient Sensing: Carbohydrates

Since carbohydrates, especially glucose, are essential for brain and peripheral organ function, organisms have evolved specialized peripheral glucose sensors which communicate by visceral afferents with glucose-sensing neurons in the brain. These neurons lie in a distributed network throughout the brain and utilize glucose as a signaling molecule to alter their firing rate and transmitter release. Glucose-sensing neurons also integrate hormonal and metabolic substrate signals from the periphery as a means of monitoring and controlling glucose and overall energy homeostasis.
A histochemical method for sulfatase activity in hemic cells and organ imprints.

1. A new histochemical method is described for arylsulfatase activity (ASA) in hemic cells and organ imprints. Some common limitations in histochemical technics have been tested and appear to be minimized in this method. 2. With the present method, a wide series of hemic cells may be identified, and their ASA separately graded from 0-4. 3. A study has been made of normal ASA values in all series of human hematopoietic cells and of neutrophilic granulocyte ASA in common laboratory animals. Eosinophils, megakaryocytes, and neutrophils have the highest ASA. Increases in ASA occur early during cell maturation in neutrophils and eosinophils. 4. Humans have a higher ASA than the laboratory animals tested. Within certain species, there is some general correlation between neutrophilic granulocyte ASA and ASA of other organs. Under these conditions, leukocyte ASA is a potentially useful general screening method for ASA. 5. Some factors which enhance or inhibit leukocyte ASA have been tested.
Cloud Computing Data Center Networking

This chapter describes cloud computing technology and its impact on the data center network. We define the essential elements of cloud computing, including on-demand service, broad network access, resource pooling, elastic provisioning, and metered service at various quality of service levels. Models including software, platform, and infrastructure as a service (SaaS, PaaS, IaaS) are discussed, along with private, public, and hybrid cloud models and cloud service providers. Unique requirements of a cloud network include virtualization and virtual machine mobility, security, hypervisor virtual switching, converged storage, and new routing protocols such as Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) and Shortest Path Bridging (SPB). We conclude with a brief discussion of software-defined networking (SDN) in the context of cloud computing.
Rapid excision of massive localized lymphedema of the male genitalia with vessel sealing device

Introduction To present a series of patients who underwent surgical treatment for massive localized lymphedema (MLL) of the male genitalia and explore the utility of the LigaSure hemostatic vessel sealing device (VSD) for resection of advanced cases. Materials and methods Although conservative and microsurgical treatments have been reported, MLL of the male genitalia requires open surgical resection with primary reconstruction. We reviewed our prospectively maintained database of all lymphedema excisions performed between January 2007 and December 2014 comparing resection with Bovie electrocautery to resection with the LigaSure VSD. Our analysis focused on any significant differences in rate of resection, estimated blood loss (EBL), and recurrence. Results Nineteen patients with MLL of the male genitalia underwent excision with either LigaSure (8 patients) or conventional Bovie electrocautery (11 patients). Rate of resection was significantly faster with LigaSure compared to Bovie (33.74 g/min versus 5.32 g/min, p = .035). Additionally, estimated EBL per gram of tissue resected was decreased in the LigaSure group (0.41 mL/g versus 0.17 mL/g, p = .057). Two of the 11 Bovie patients (18%) had recurrence of lymphedema requiring repeat resection, while none of the LigaSure patients developed recurrence. Conclusions Resection of genital lymphedema using the LigaSure device offers promising results in managing advanced MLL of the male genitalia with the potential for faster resections, less EBL per tissue resected, and a lower rate of recurrence.
SuperGlue: IDL-Based, System-Level Fault Tolerance for Embedded Systems

As the processor feature sizes shrink, mitigating faults in low level system services has become a critical aspect of dependable system design. In this paper we introduce SuperGlue, an interface description language (IDL) and compiler for recovery from transient faults in a component-based operating system. SuperGlue generates code for interface-driven recovery that uses commodity hardware isolation, micro-rebooting, and interface-directed fault recovery to provide predictable and efficient recovery from faults that impact low-level system services. SuperGlue decreases the amount of recovery code system designers need to implement by an order of magnitude, and replaces it with declarative specifications. We evaluate SuperGlue with a fault injection campaign in low-level system components (e.g., memory mapping manager and scheduler). Additionally, we evaluate the performance of SuperGlue in a web-server application. Results show that SuperGlue improves system reliability with only a small performance degradation of 11.84%.
Health Impacts of Invasive Species Through an Altered Natural Environment: Assessing Air Pollution Sinks as a Causal Pathway

Invasive alien species impact environmental quality by disrupting biodiversity, vegetation cover, and displacing native flora and fauna. This can affect human health outcomes. For example, the invasive emerald ash borer (EAB) has led to the destruction of millions of ash trees, one of the most common tree species in the US. Since trees are an important source of air pollution sinks, EAB-caused ash dieback may affect human health through changes in air quality. The quasi-random nature of EAB detections and consequent changes in various air pollution levels allow us to analyze differences in mortality rates for individuals living in counties where the beetle has been found relative to individuals in contemporaneously beetle-free counties. Results suggest that EAB are associated with lagged increases in pollutant concentrations ranging from 9.2 to 46.2%. A 2SLS fixed effects model indicates that EAB-induced air pollution is associated with increases in rates of cardiovascular mortality of 6.2/year–32.6/year per 100,000 people and increases in respiratory mortality of 1.9/year–3.9/year per 100,000. Impacts are greatest for children and young adults. At its peak impact, EAB-induced air pollution resulted in $4.8–$21.6 billion in annual mortality costs over 2002–2014 in the 24 US states in the study area. This study has important abatement policy implications.
Quadratic form Approach for the Number of Zeros of Homogeneous Linear Recurring Sequences over Finite Fields

We consider homogeneous linear recurring sequences over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_{q}$, based on an irreducible characteristic polynomial of degree $n$ and order $m$. Let $t=(q^{n}-1)/ m$. We use quadratic forms over finite fields to give the exact number of occurrences of zeros of the sequence within its least period when $t$ has q-adic weight 2. Consequently we prove that the cardinality of the set of zeros for sequences from this category is equal to two.
High-Efficiency Fully Integrated Switched-Capacitor Voltage Regulator for Battery-Connected Applications in Low-Breakdown Process Technologies

Conventional implementations of fully integrated, battery-connected, switched-capacitor voltage regulators (SCVRs) require either thick-oxide mosfet s or stacked thin-oxide mosfet s as power switches to sustain the voltage stress induced by a nominal 3.7-V Li-ion battery voltage. These approaches, however, exacerbate power loss, thus unable to achieve good power efficiency. Therefore, this paper proposes a solution to overcome the breakdown issue while improving the power efficiency by using only nonstacked, thin-oxide mosfet s. This is realized by using a three-state, low-voltage-stress SCVR with a cross-phase-switching technique to decrease the output impedance and increase the total equivalent capacitance in a multiphase configuration. A prototype 3:1 SCVR is implemented fully on-chip in a standard 130-nm CMOS process. The chip is capable of delivering a maximum load current of 45 mA with an input voltage range from 3.2 to 4 V. Measurement results show 78–80% efficiency over a range of output power 4–28 mW, and a power density up to 38 mW/nF. The measured output ripple is 30–50 mV over a load range of 11–45 mA, and the measured voltage droop is 69 mV with 200-ns settling time under a 13-mA load step.
Experimental Determination of pKa Values and Metal Binding for Biomolecular Compounds Using 31P NMR Spectroscopy

This lab experiment uses 31P NMR spectroscopy of biomolecules to determine pKa values and the binding energies of metal/biomolecule complexes. Solutions of adenosine nucleotides are prepared, and a series of 31P NMR spectra are collected as a function of pH and in the absence and presence of magnesium or calcium ions. The chemical shifts in the spectrum change depending on the protonation state of the phosphate groups and the nucleotide/metal interaction. Because 31P NMR spectroscopy is used, the resulting data are clean and readily accessible for student analysis. The use of 31P NMR spectroscopy presents a rich opportunity to deepen student engagement with NMR spectroscopy and spectral analysis. Furthermore, the inclusion of biomolecules and metal binding exposes students to important and underrepresented concepts that bridge organic chemistry and biochemistry. Students will learn how to prepare, collect, and analyze non-hydrogen samples using NMR spectroscopy, identify an unknown pKa, and calculate bind...
Teaching Video NeuroImages: Hemifacial spasm due to cerebellopontine angle mass

A 21-year-old woman presented with tremor of the right eyelid that progressed in 1 year to involve the ipsilateral cheek and lip and ipsilateral hearing loss since childhood. Her lack of medical comorbidities prompted imaging that revealed a mass in the right cerebellopontine angle cistern. She underwent debulking of the mass, which resolved the tremors. Her pathology revealed pilocytic astrocytoma (figure; video at [Neurology.org][1]). Cranial nerve 7 is predisposed to injury due to its anatomic location. There are many case reports of hemifacial spasms due to mass effect.1 Imaging should be performed in otherwise healthy patients to exclude secondary causes of spasms.2 [1]: http://neurology.org/lookup/doi/10.1212/WNL.0000000000004603
The Deprofessionalization of Family Childcare Providers: Wisconsin's YoungStar System.

This article is based on research conducted during a semester-long professional development workshop series for Spanish-speaking family childcare providers in Wisconsin aimed at creating space for ...
Endoscopic near-infrared dental imaging with indocyanine green: a pilot study

Current dental diagnosis, especially tooth abnormalities, relies largely on X-ray-based imaging, a technique that requires specialized skills and suffers from ionizing radiation. Here, we present a pilot study in rats of an efficient, ionizing-radiation-free and easy-to-use alternative for dental imaging. Postnatal rats at different ages were injected with indocyanine green and molars were imaged by a laboratory-designed endoscopic near-infrared (NIR) dental imaging system. The results indicate that the endoscopic NIR dental imaging can be used to observe the morphology of postnatal rat molars, especially at early postnatal stages when morphology of the molar is indistinguishable under visible conditions. A small abnormal cusp was observed and distinguished from the normal cusps by the NIR dental imaging system. Dental structures, such as unerupted molars, can be imaged as soon as 10 min after the injection of indocyanine green; imaging after 24 h shows improved imaging contrast. Overall, the endoscopic NIR fluorescence dental imaging system described here may be useful in dental research; this technique may serve as a safe, real-time imaging tool for dental diagnosis and treatment beyond experimental systems in the future.
Boric acid toxicity.

Although boric acid was widely used therapeutically in the past and resulted in significant toxicity, the past few years have seen a decline in its usage. Ninety-nine per cent boric acid powder is now being used as a household pesticide. Physicians therefore should be aware of the potential for boric acid toxicity.
Standard reference materials for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Since 1980 a number of Standard Reference Materials (SRM's) have been issued by the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) to assist in validating measurements for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and other polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC). These SRM's are certified for selected PAC and range in analytical difficulty from calibration solutions to complex natural matrix materials, such as air and diesel particulate matter, shale oil, and crude oil. In the past year three new SRM's have been introduced: (1) SRM 1647a “Priority Pollutant PAH in Acetonitrile”, (2) SRM 1491 “Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Hexane/Toluene”, and SRM 1597 “Complex Mixture of PAH from Coal Tar”. The SRM's available from NBS for use in the determination of PAC are described and the concentrations of PAC determined in the natural matrix SRM's are summarized and compared. The primary analytical techniques used for the measurement of PAC in these SRM's were gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
MACROPHAGE MEDIATED INHIBITION OF LYMPHOCYTE BLASTOGENESIS

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the macrophage mediated inhabitation of lymphocyte blastogenesis. From several studies, it was found that the in vitro blastogenesis of mouse spleen cells to both phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation, was inhibited after in vivo administration of pyran copolymer. The addition of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) from either normal or pyran-treated mice caused a decrease in the blastogenic response of the cultures of normal spleen cells. The inhibition of LPS induced blastogenesis produced with pyran PEC was three fold greater than that seen with normal PEC. In PHA induced blastogenesis, adherent cell mediated inhibition was greatest at the high concentrations of PHA, while at low PHA concentrations, either no inhibition or enhancement of blastogenesis was seen. In contrast, the degree of inhibition of the response to LPS remained fairly constant over a 60 fold concentration range of mitogen. These results suggest that protein or glycoprotein components on the surface of macrophages are necessary for inhibition.
Nutrient digestion by dairy cows fed diets replacing starch with non- forage fiber

Corn starch is used as the main energy source in lactating dairy cow diets. Feeding high levels of corn starch may be associated with negative health impacts on lactating dairy cows, such as ruminal acidosis and laminitis along with higher feed costs and lower income from reduced milk components. Dried distillers grains with solubles (DG), a co-product of the ethanol industry, is an excellent source of energy. Ranathunga et al. (2010) demonstrated that that incrementally reducing the amount of starch in a ration from a high of 29% to a low of 20% by adding DG resulted in similar milk production and composition by lactating dairy cows. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of replacing starch from corn with non-forage fiber from DG and soybean hulls on the nutrient flow to the omasum, ruminal nutrient degradability, total tract nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen partition of lactating dairy cows.
Ultrafast electronic and lattice processes of plasmonic nanoparticles of different shape

Abstract Ultrafast spectroscopic studies of the electron phonon relaxation processes in gold and copper nanoparitcles of different sizes and shapes have been carried out and compared. The coherent lattice vibrations of prismatic gold nanoarrays in the sub-cm −1 range are determined optically from their effect on the optical frequency of the electron surface plasmon absorption. The mechanism of photothermal transformation of the prismatic nanoparticles to spheres is studied and discussed.
Synthesis of spiro-2,6-dioxopiperazine and spiro-2,6-dioxopyrazine scaffolds using amino acids in a three-component reaction to generate potential Sigma-1 (σ1) receptor selective ligands

Abstract A library-friendly approach to generate new scaffolds is decisive for the development of molecular probes, drug like molecules and preclinical entities. Here, we present the design and synthesis of novel heterocycles with spiro-2,6-dioxopiperazine and spiro-2,6-pyrazine scaffolds through a three-component reaction using various amino acids, ketones, and isocyanides. Screening of select compounds over fifty CNS receptors including G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), ion channels, transporters, and enzymes through the NIMH psychoactive drug screening program indicated that a novel spiro-2,6-dioxopyrazine scaffold, UVM147, displays high binding affinity at sigma-1 (σ1) receptor in the nanomolar range. In addition, molecular docking of UVM147 at the human σ1 receptor have shown that it resides in the same binding site that was occupied by the ligand 4-IBP used to obtain a crystal structure of the human sigma-1 (σ1) receptor.
Evaluation of tissue oxygen saturation in naturally occurring canine shock patients.

OBJECTIVE To measure tissue oxygen saturation (StO2 ) in a population of dogs with naturally occurring shock and to evaluate the relationship of StO2 with an established veterinary severity scoring system (Acute Patient Physiologic and Laboratory Evaluation) and patient survival. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING University teaching hospital. ANIMALS Twenty-five adult dogs presenting in shock, as determined by the presence of hypotension, the calculated shock index, and hyperlactatemia. INTERVENTIONS StO2 was measured prior to any therapeutic interventions. Blood samples were also collected for measurement of plasma lactate, complete blood count, and a serum biochemical profile. Abdominal and thoracic focused assessment with sonography was also performed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Dogs enrolled in this study had lower mean (±SD) StO2 values (65.12 ± 17.7%) than previously reported in experimental models of canine hemorrhagic shock. There was a moderate correlation between lower StO2 and increasing Acute Patient Physiologic and Laboratory Evaluation scores. A single StO2 value, assessed prior to therapeutic intervention, was not a sensitive predictor of mortality in this population. CONCLUSIONS Dogs with naturally occurring shock have lower mean StO2 values than those previously reported in dogs with experimentally induced shock. A lower initial StO2 was associated with worse disease severity but was not a significant predictor of survival in this population.
Conformation and solubility of poly(ethylene oxide) in polymer-surfactant complex at high-temperature and high-salinity conditions

Abstract The solubility of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with molecular weight (MW) ranging from 300,000 to 6,000,000 g/mol was studied in aqueous solution in the presence of salt (sodium chloride, [NaCl] = 1 M) at various temperatures by cloud point measurement. All PEO solutions exhibited phase separation at temperature above 78 ± 1 °C, the cloud point was independent of PEO chain length within the selected range of MW. An anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and a cationic surfactant dodecyl tri-methyl ammonium chloride (DTAC) was added into the PEO solutions, respectively, to successfully eliminate the precipitation of the polymer at higher temperature (up to 90 °C). However, the effects of SDS and DTAC on the cloud point of PEO at various surfactant concentrations, as well as the rheological behaviors of PEO/SDS and PEO/DTAC solutions were completely different. This observation leads to a study of the molecular structures formed by PEO and the surfactants. The interactions between a monodisperse and short-chain PEO (MW = 20,000 g/mol) and the surfactants at molecular level were investigated via two-dimensional NMR techniques. Based on these results, two different conformations of PEO in PEO/SDS and PEO/DTAC complex were proposed and a saturation concentration of SDS binding to PEO backbone was determined. The findings in this study provide evidences that molecular interaction between a polymer and a surfactant in solution strongly affect the solubility of the polymer and the rheological property of the solution.
Longitudinal Associations between Monetary Value of the Diet, DASH Diet Score and the Allostatic Load among Middle-Aged Urban Adults.

Lower cost can lead to poorer-quality diets, potentially worsening metabolic profiles. We explored these pathways among urban adults. Longitudinal data were extracted from 1224–1479 participants in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study. DASH(mean) (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) score was computed using four 24 h recalls (v1/v2: 2004–2013) linked with a national food price database to estimate monetary value of the diet [MVD(mean)]. Allostatic load (AL) was measured at visits 2 (v2) and 3 (v3) in 2009–2018. Mixed-effects regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted, linking MVD(mean)/DASH(mean) to AL [v2 and annual change(v3–v2)] and exploring mediating pathways between MVD(mean) and AL(v3) through DASH(mean), stratifying by sex, race and poverty status. MVD(mean) tertiles were linearly associated with contemporaneous DASH(mean), after energy adjustment. In mixed-effects regression models, DASH(mean) was consistently linked to lower AL(v2). DASH(mean) and MVD(mean) were positively associated with higher serum albumin(v2). In SEM, MVD(mean) was linked to AL(v3) through DASH(mean), mainly among Whites and specifically for the cholesterol and Waist-Hip-Ratio AL components. In summary, energy and other covariate-adjusted increase in MVD may have a sizeable impact on DASH which can reduce follow-up AL among urban White middle-aged adults. More studies are needed to replicate findings in comparable samples of urban adults.
On some classes of Dunford–Pettis-like operators

In this paper we give characterizations of weak Dunford–Pettis, $$\hbox {weak}^*$$ Dunford–Pettis, weak p-convergent, and $$\hbox {weak}^*$$ p-convergent operators.
THE ECONOMIC PAMPHLETEER: A Right to Harm

First paragraph: A recent documentary film, Right to Harm, docu­ments the negative impacts large-scale con­centrated animal feeding operations, or CAFOs, are having on public health and the overall quality of life of people in rural communities (Wechsler & Speicher, 2019). The film also reveals the frustra­tion of concerned citizens who have asked their governments to address these negative impacts. When they ask for regulations to mitigate environ­mental impacts, they get regulations that effectively grant CAFOs a legal “license to pollute” (Gustin, 2016). When counties enact public health ordi­nances to protect residents from the health risks posed by CAFOs, state governments take away the right of local control (Steever, 2019). When under­cover reporters reveal animal abuse in CAFOs, state governments pass “ag-gag laws” that make the covert investigation of animal abuse a crime (American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals [ASPCA], n.d.). When neighbors who have been adversely affected win nuisance lawsuits against CAFO operators, governments pass ever-stronger “right to farm” laws (Fajen, 2019), essentially giving CAFO operators the “right to harm.” Thus the title of the film. . . . See the press release for this article.
Closing Auction, Passive Investing, and Stock Prices

Over the last decade, the volume of market-on-close orders has increased to more than 10% of the entire day's trading volume. This paper investigates this rise and documents four stylized facts: (i) passive investing leads to greater usage of market-on-close orders, consistent with passive fund’s motivation for minimizing tracking error; (ii) the price impact from large market-on-close order imbalances is economically large and transitory, leading to short-term price reversal; (iii) a long/short trading strategy exploiting this reversal results in a significant risk-adjusted return of 13.2 basis points per day, consistent with the hypothesis that investors are compensated by providing liquidity to passive funds; and (iv) informed traders also use market-on-close orders, consistent with Admati and Pfleiderer's (1988) prediction that liquidity trades attract informed trades. Overall, the set of findings demonstrates market-on-close order as an important trading channel through which passive investing affects underlying stocks.
Evaluation of Foodborne Pathogen Die-off in Back-Sweetened Wine and Apple Cider Models.

ABSTRACT Wine and alcoholic apple cider are commonly back-sweetened with unpasteurized juice to produce fresh, natural, and palatable sweetened alcoholic beverages. Foodborne pathogens may be introduced from unpasteurized juice into alcoholic beverages through this back-sweetening process. Although foodborne pathogens generally do not survive under low pH conditions or a high alcohol environment, the die-off of these pathogens has not been established to ensure the microbiological safety of the products. To establish the holding conditions that would provide the required 5-log pathogen reduction requirements for these back-sweetened beverages, we evaluated the survival of three common foodborne pathogens, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica, and Listeria monocytogenes, in modified white grape juice and apple juice models. White grape juice and apple juice were modified with hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide and with ethanol to achieve conditions that are similar to back-sweetened white wine and alcoholic apple cider in regard to pH and ethanol content. Foodborne pathogen cocktails were inoculated separately into modified juice models, and their survival in the juice models was recorded over a 96-h period. Our results show that a combination of low pH and high ethanol content resulted in faster pathogen die-off compared with higher pH and lower ethanol conditions. The holding times required for different combinations of pH and ethanol concentration for each juice model to achieve a 5-log reduction were reported. This research provides data to validate pathogen die-off to comply with juice hazard analysis and critical control point 5-log pathogen inactivation requirements for back-sweetened wine and alcoholic apple cider. HIGHLIGHTS
Learning a Hidden Graph Using O (log n ) Queries Per Edge

We consider the problem of learning a general graph using edge-detecting queries. In this model, the learner may query whether a set of vertices induces an edge of the hidden graph. This model has been studied for particular classes of graphs by Kucherov and Grebinski [1] and Alon et al.[2], motivated by problems arising in genome sequencing. We give an adaptive deterministic algorithm that learns a general graph with n vertices and m edges using O(m log n) queries, which is tight up to a constant factor for classes of non-dense graphs. Allowing randomness, we give a 5-round Las Vegas algorithm using \(O(m {\rm log}n+\sqrt{m}{\rm log}^{2}n)\) queries in expectation. We give a lower bound of Ω((2m/r) r/2) for learning the class of non-uniform hypergraphs of dimension r with m edges. For the class of r-uniform hypergraphs with bounded degree d, where d≤ n 1/( r− − 1)/(2r 1 + 2/( r− − 1)), we give a non-adaptive Monte Carlo algorithm using O(dnlog n) queries, which succeeds with probability at least 1–n − − c, where c is any constant.
Modes of Mediated Exodus of Amino Acids from the Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cell

Conditions have been described for the observation of the efflux of amino acids from the Ehrlich cell as a function of concentration. Failure to use very large volumes of suspending medium gives rise to confusion between factors influencing exodus and those affecting re-entry. The neutral and cationic amino acids that enter this cell by specific mediated transport show net exodus from the cell by routes with patterns of analogue inhibition similar to those for their entry. Two model amino acids whose entry is specific each to a different mediating system do not show significant interaction for exodus. Phenylalanine escapes partly by a route inhibitable by one of these models, partly by a route inhibitable by the other. Alanine exodus appears to divide itself among the systems serving principally for its entry, although in somewhat different proportions. The competition for entry shown between lysine and substrates of the L system is also seen for exodus, with indications that a portion of the exodus of lysine escapes that inhibition, as is the case for entry. The apparent Km values for exodus are in general much higher than those for entry, whereas the Vmax values for the two directions are similar. A component of exodus of neutral α-amino acids with a relative rate of slightly less than 0.03 min−1 appears not to be subject to saturation, in correspondence to the magnitude of a similar component of entry. Little or no reactivity for alanine exodus by countertransport has been found except by one of two Na+-dependent systems.
Ares I-X Launch Vehicle Modal Test Measurements and Data Quality Assessments

The Ares I-X modal test program consisted of three modal tests conducted at the Vehicle Assembly Building at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center. The first test was performed on the 71-foot 53,000-pound top segment of the Ares I-X launch vehicle known as Super Stack 5 and the second test was performed on the 66-foot 146,000- pound middle segment known as Super Stack 1. For these tests, two 250 lb-peak electro-dynamic shakers were used to excite bending and shell modes with the test articles resting on the floor. The third modal test was performed on the 327-foot 1,800,000-pound Ares I-X launch vehicle mounted to the Mobile Launcher Platform. The excitation for this test consisted of four 1000+ lb-peak hydraulic shakers arranged to excite the vehicle’s cantilevered bending modes. Because the frequencies of interest for these modal tests ranged from 0.02 to 30 Hz, high sensitivity capacitive accelerometers were used. Excitation techniques included impact, burst random, pure random, and force controlled sine sweep. This paper provides the test details for the companion papers covering the Ares I-X finite element model calibration process. Topics to be discussed include test setups, procedures, measurements, data quality assessments, and consistency of modal parameter estimates.
A Review of “Aquaculture and Fisheries Biotechnology, Genetic Approaches, 2nd Edition”

This book by Rex Dunham, a fish geneticist internationally known for his research on the genetic improvement of catfish, is a thorough update of a previous edition published in 2004. It provides, i...
Anaerobic digestion of pre-fermented potato peel wastes for methane production

This study investigated the feasibility of anaerobic digestion (AD) of potato peel waste (PPW) and its lactic acid fermentation residue (PPW-FR) for methane (CH4) production. The experimental results showed that about 60-70% CH4 content was obtained. The digester using PPW-FR as feedstock exhibited better performance and produced a highest cumulative CH4 production of 273 L/kg VS fed, followed by 239 L/kg VS fed using PPW under the same conditions. However, with increasing solid loadings of PPW-FR feedstock from 6.4% to 9.1%, the CH4 production was inhibited. The generation, accumulation, and degradation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in digesters were also investigated in this research.
Automated Carbohydrate Analysis of Physiologic Fluids

Automated carbohydrate analysis can be useful clinically in the research laboratory as an aid in understanding the fundamental role of carbohydrates in metabolism, including their pathologic significance. An analytic system being developed at our laboratory utilizes an automated carbohydrate analyzer to chromatograph borated physiologic fluids while using strongly basic anion-exchange resin. The eluted carbohydrates are detected by sulfuric acid-phenol colorimetry. The carbohydrate analyzer used in this experimental work should become a useful tool in the clinical laboratory. Normal and diabetic human urine and blood serum have been chromatographed and significant differences established. As many as 38 peaks have been observed in the complex urine chromatograms. Using cochromatographic technics, 14 peaks have been tentatively identified as sucrose, raffinose, N-acetylglucosamine, maltose, lactose, ribose, fructose, arabinose, fucose, galactose, xylose, mannoheptulose, glucose, and glucose-1-phosphate. All except fucose have been quantified. Blood serum chromatograms consist of a major glucose peak and several smaller peaks indicating traces of other sugars. Melibiose has been used as an internal standard in chromatograms to determine recovery, resolution, and reproducibility. With the present technic, the lower limit of detectable sugar in physiologic fluids is in the 1-µg. range.
Unified Account of the Variable Effects of Carbon Dioxide on Nerve Cells

When the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica is exposed to 5 percent carbon dioxide, certain neurons are depolarized, others hyperpolarized, and some are unaffected. The effect of increased carbon dioxide is due solely to the concomitant fall in extracellular pH, which causes an increase in membrane chloride conductance of responsive cells. The directional change of the membrane potential in different neurons is determined by the relative values of the chloride equilibrium and the resting potentials. The chloride equilibrium potentials are calculated after direct measurement of the intracellular chloride activity with a chloride microelectrode.
Wheeled hopping mobility

Sandia National Laboratories has developed a mesoscale wheeled hopping vehicle (WHV) to overcome the longstanding problems of mobility and power in small scale unmanned vehicles. The system provides mobility in situations such as negotiating obstacles in the vertical dimension and rough terrain that are prohibitive for other small ground base vehicles.
First case of Legionella pneumophila native valve endocarditis

We report the first case in the English language literature, to our knowledge, of native valve endocarditis due to Legionella pneumophila. The patient had no prior history of cardiothoracic intervention or congenital valvular process. A transesophageal echocardiogram showed a vegetation on the aortic valve. Blood culture and bronchoalveolar lavage returned positive for L. pneumophila. The patient was treated with levofloxacin for 6 weeks total after a second set of blood cultures were negative. The patient survived a complicated hospital course and was discharged to a rehabilitation facility.