cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photodynamic therapy for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ: Impact of anatomic location, tumor diameter, and incubation time on effectiveness

Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been reported as a treatment for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCis), but only limited data are available on the effectiveness of PDT with aminolevulinic acid (ALA-PDT). Objective To review the outcomes of SCCis treated with ALA-PDT and examine factors associated with response. Methods A retrospective review identified 58 patients with 68 primary SCCis lesions treated with ALA-PDT and blue light illumination. Patient demographics, lesion features, treatment details, clinical response, and subsequent recurrence were extracted from medical record reviews. Results On completion of PDT the initial complete response rate was 77.9% and was not associated with the number of PDT treatments. On multivariate analysis factors associated with response were location on the face, tumor diameter Limitations This was a retrospective study performed at a single institution without systematic follow-up. Conclusions ALA-PDT may be an effective treatment for selected cases of SCCis. Effectiveness is impacted by anatomic location, tumor diameter, and ALA incubation time.
Cooperative water trade as a hedge against scarcity: Accounting for risk attitudes in the uptake of forecast-informed water option contracts

Abstract Season-ahead hydrologic forecasts hold the potential to inform water user decision making, provided forecast information offers value to targeted end-users, particularly in water-scarce regions. Yet, user willingness to trust forecast information is uncertain and often varied across similar user groups. Here, forecast uptake by agriculture users in semi-arid water rights managed basins is modelled to account for heterogeneous risk attitude and hydrologic variability. A season-ahead forecast of reservoir inflow is translated to water-trading rulesets through coupled reservoir allocation, i.e. per-water right allocation from the reservoir, crop-water, economic optimization, and demand derivation models. Theoretical growers, aligned in crop-type cooperatives, are modelled as potential exclusive water trading partners that, in years of scarcity may choose between forecast-informed water trading via option contracts, or one of two alternative water trade actions: persistence forecast-informed trading or no trading. Simulations across varied initial water rights endowment and farmer risk attitude allows for evaluation of expected investment of water rights in forecast-informed water trade. Results indicate farmer willingness to trust forecast information and subsequently invest rights option contracts trade is variable (28%–70%), and dependent on initial endowment of rights and alternative water trade action, manifested here as persistence-informed trade and no trade alternative. While variable, investment outcomes for probabilistic hydrologic simulations reveal long-term trade stability under nearly every forecast-informed water trading simulation, suggesting options contracts may be viable under a variety of water scarcity conditions. A key insight is that seasonal climate forecasts may prove to be quite valuable when translated through sectoral models, providing the tailored information to end users with diverse risk attitudes. This reinforces the potential in including forecasts in agricultural water resources decision support frameworks, as a hedge against water scarcity for farmers of varied earning potential.
An Integrated Behavioral Model for Medical Tourism: An American Perspective:

This study aims to develop and test a theoretical model that predicts individuals’ intention to engage in medical tourism. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to test the study hypothe...
Explaining Factional Sorting in China and Vietnam

Why do autocracies exhibit divergent intra-elite factionalism despite similar institutions? Why do some regimes' factions rally around ideologies while others emphasize personal networks? Through a...
Tetrazine-TCO Ligation: A Potential Simple Approach to Improve Tumor Uptake through Enhanced Blood Circulation.

Targeted imaging via peptides has been extensively investigated for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. However, peptides can be cleared out from the blood circulation quickly, leading to...
The effect of audio fidelity and virtual reality on the perception of virtual greenspace

Abstract 3D digital visualizations have been shown to be a robust tool for communicating future scenarios and supporting decision-making in a variety of contexts. While beneficial they lack the multisensory experience of the real-world and, as such, may not provide all information needed to make reliable decisions. In addition, how visual information is presented likely has a significant impact on perception, however to date there is mixed empirical evidence on the impact of presentation modes. The research presented here aims to fill a perceptual and procedural knowledge gap for using multisensory simulation in environmental decision-making. Participants (university students, N = 39) were presented with digital animations displayed via a conventional screen and virtual reality head mounted display, with three varied sound conditions (no sound, ambient sound, detailed sound) across 5 environments (vacant lot, community garden, habitat, woodlot, playground). Perceived biodiversity, preference, realism and recreational value were evaluated using a 1–5 Likert-type scale. Results indicate that realistic sound increases biodiversity ratings while display type does not have an effect. Ambient and realistic sounds increase preference, with more of an effect in VR, while ambient and realistic sound increase perceived realism, as does VR. Sound and display type alter perceived recreation value which varies by environment. These findings advance our understanding of how people respond to new technology and multisensory stimuli, and have implications for environmental decision-making.
The 2018 update of the US National Seismic Hazard Model: Ground motion models in the western US

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) is the scientific foundation of seismic design regulations in the United States and is regularly updated to consider the best ...
A terrain treadmill to study small animal locomotion through large obstacles

A major challenge to understanding locomotion in complex 3-D terrain with large obstacles is to create tools for controlled, systematic lab experiments. Existing terrain arenas only allow observations at small spatiotemporal scales (~10 body length, ~10 stride cycles). Here, we create a terrain treadmill to enable high-resolution observations of small animal locomotion through large obstacles over large spatiotemporal scales. An animal moves through modular obstacles on an inner sphere, while a rigidly-attached, concentric, transparent outer sphere rotated with the opposite velocity via closed-loop feedback to keep the animal on top. During sustained locomotion, a discoid cockroach moved through pillar obstacles for 25 minutes ({approx} 2500 strides) over 67 m ({approx} 1500 body lengths), and was contained within a radius of 4 cm (0.9 body length) for 83% of the duration, even at speeds of up to 10 body length/s. The treadmill enabled observation of diverse locomotor behaviors and quantification of animal-obstacle interaction.
Analysis of long-term structural failure after native tissue prolapse surgery: a 3D stress MRI-based study.

We sought to identify postoperative structural failure sites associated with long-term prolapse recurrence and their association with symptoms and satisfaction. Women who had a research MRI prior to native-tissue prolapse surgery were recruited for examination, 3D stress MRI, and questionnaires. Recurrence was defined by Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System (POP-Q)Ba/Bp > 0 or C > -4. Measurements were performed at rest and maximum Valsalva (“strain”) including vaginal length, apex location, urogenital hiatus (UGH), and levator hiatus (LH). Measures were compared between subjects and to women with normal support. Failure frequency was the proportion of women with measurements outside the normal range. Symptoms and satisfaction were measured using validated questionnaires. Thirty-one women participated 12.7 years after surgery—58% with long-term success and 42% with recurrence. Failure site comparisons between success and failure were: impaired mid-vaginal paravaginal support (62% vs. 28%, p = 0.01), longer vaginal length (54% vs. 22%, p = 0.03), and enlarged urogenital hiatus (54% vs. 22%, p = 0.03). Apical paravaginal location had the lowest failure frequency (recurrence: 15% vs. success: 7%, p = 0.37). Patient satisfaction was high (recurrence: 5.0 vs. success: 5.0, p = 0.86). Women with bothersome bulge symptoms had a 33% larger UGH strain on POP-Q (p = 0.01), 8.7% larger resting UGH (p = 0.046), 11.5% larger straining LH (p = 0.01), and 9.3% larger resting LH (p = 0.01). Abnormal low mid-vaginal paravaginal location (Level II), long vaginal length (Level II), and large UGH (Level III) were associated with long-term prolapse recurrence. Patient satisfaction was high and unrelated to anatomical recurrence. Bothersome bulge symptoms were associated with hiatus enlargement.
Changes in Bone Biomarkers, BMC, and Insulin Resistance Following a 10-Week Whole Body Vibration Exercise Program in Overweight Latino Boys

Purpose: With the childhood obesity epidemic, efficient methods of exercise are sought to improve health. We tested whether whole body vibration (WBV) exercise can positively affect bone metabolism and improve insulin/glucose dynamics in sedentary overweight Latino boys. Methods: Twenty Latino boys 8-10 years of age were randomly assigned to either a control (CON) or 3 days/wk WBV exercise (VIB) for 10-wk. Results: Significant increases in BMC (4.5±3.2%; p=0.01) and BMD (1.3±1.3%; p<0.01) were observed for the VIB group when compared to baseline values. For the CON group BMC significantly increased (2.0±2.2%; p=0.02), with no change in BMD (0.8±1.3%; p=0.11). There were no significant between group changes in BMC or BMD. No significant change was observed for osteocalcin and (collagen type I C-telopeptide) CTx for the VIB group. However, osteocalcin showed a decreasing trend (p=0.09) and CTx significantly increased (p<0.03) for the CON group. This increase in CTx was significantly different between groups (p<0.02) and the effect size of between-group difference in change was large (-1.09). There were no significant correlations between osteocalcin and measures of fat mass or insulin resistance for collapsed data. Conclusion: Although bone metabolism was altered by WBV training, no associations were apparent between osteocalcin and insulin resistance. These findings suggest WBV exercise may positively increase BMC and BMD by decreasing bone resorption in overweight Latino boys.
Charting Highly Productive Organization: Wrapping it all in Social Constructs

The discourse presented in this paper is about an alternative change management technique hinged on pragmatic social construction ontology purposefully designed to champion productivity. All companies are designed and upshot specific goals. In those entities, talented individuals can be hired to play exact roles in the production of goods and services valued by customers. In addition they can collaborate to enhance explicit understanding critical in triumphant businesses. Data available show that corporations that prioritize activities by re-engineering the division of labor yield increased outputs. Winning in competition imply re-aligning capability abilities where technology and the operational rules are constantly evolving. Productivity can be enhanced by juxtaposing experts with technology to create goods and services appreciated by customers the most.
The Status of Abstract Entities (I)

Throughout his career Moore took it for granted that there are universals and that nominalism is an untenable position. While he does offer arguments intended to establish both the correctness of a realist approach to the philosophical problems about universals and the falsity of nominalism in its British Empiricist variety, by far the greatest concentration of his work on this subject goes into deciding what characteristics certain types of universals possess. And again, as with the rest of Moore’s work on metaphysics, the questions of (1) whether or not there are universals and (2) if there are, what sorts of characteristics they exhibit are never taken by Moore for questions of how we happen or choose to speak. In saying that there are universals, therefore, just as in saying that there are sense-data, Moore believes himself to be doing more than granting efficacy to a certain kind of terminology — a realist language of universals — in certain specific sorts of circumstances. According to Moore the problems of metaphysics are not just reflections of linguistic practice. In his opinion the relationship of terminology and metaphysical structure is precisely the reverse of that.
Alternative design possibilities for integrated fuel processors

The majority of fuel processors that have been developed to support proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells have basically been adaptations of largescale commercial processes and designs. This has been largely a result of the combined engineering familiarity of industrial hydrogen production and purification practices, and the evolution of these techniques over the past 30 years as they have developed for the anticipated commercial fuel cell systems' uses. Alternative conversion processes for various fuels, employing technologies not widely practised industrially or designs not previously integrated with fuel cells may offer PEM fuel cell systems certain advantages as they are developed for various applications, including transportation. A review of three different technological approaches that offer unique possibilities are examined for consideration as PEM fuel cell systems continue their development. The technical examples discussed are not intended to be exhaustive but rather chosen to be illustrative of the technology presented. Keywords: steam reforming; autothermal; plasma; membrane; hydrogen
Dynamic Phase Transition and Hysteresis in Kinetic Ising Models

We briefly introduce hysteresis in spatially extended systems and the dynamic phase transition observed as the frequency of the oscillating field increases beyond a critical value. Hysteresis and the decay of metastable phases are closely related phenomena, and a dynamic phase transition can occur only for field amplitudes, temperatures, and system sizes at which the metastable phase decays through nucleation and growth of many droplets. We present preliminary results from extensive Monte Carlo simulations of a two-dimensional kinetic Ising model in a square-Wave oscillating field and estimate critical exponents by finite-size scaling techniques adapted from equilibrium critical phenomena. The estimates are consistent with the universality class of the two-dimensional equilibrium Ising model and inconsistent with two-dimensional random percolation. However, we are not aware of any theoretical arguments indicating why this should be so. Thus, the question of the universality class of this nonequilibrium critical phenomenon remains open.
University of Florida Doctoral Program in Rehabilitation Science

The University of Florida Doctoral Program in Rehabilitation Science is in its inaugural year. It is my pleasure to be here today to describe to you our program at UF. The program was developed in the context of a national impetus for establishing an academic discipline of rehabilitation science. Thus, it is fitting to first review some background information before describing the program itself. In the next few minutes, I will review relevant national trends and then describe the program at UF.
On the Measure and Mismeasure of Narcissism: A Response to “Measures of Narcissism and Their Relations to DSM-5 Pathological Traits: A Critical Reappraisal”

Narcissism continues to suffer from a lack of consensual definition. Variability in the definition is reflected in the growing multitude of measures with oftentimes diverging nomological nets. Although the themes of narcissistic grandiosity and vulnerability appear to have achieved reasonable agreement on their central importance, the lower order structure of each is not well understood and debates remain about how (and whether) they can be integrated into a coherent whole. However, it is clear that a narrow focus on higher order grandiosity without consideration of concomitant vulnerability neglects clinically important features of narcissism. Occasioned by the potential for a new personality disorder model in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth edition, several colleagues and I demonstrated that pathological narcissism, as measured by the Pathological Narcissism Inventory, could not be adequately summarized by the lower order traits of Grandiosity and Attention Seeking, and argued that this should be reflected in the diagnostic manual in some form. Miller, Lynam, and Campbell then subjected these same data to critical reanalysis and interpretation. I respond here to several points raised by Miller and colleagues. In so doing, I highlight areas of agreement, disagreement, and suggest directions for future research.
The regulation of the synthesis and release of ACTH.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the regulation of the synthesis and release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). In addition to the traditional physiological, neurophysiological, or anatomical approaches, new techniques are being increasingly applied to the study of the mechanisms regulating ACTH secretion. Specific information concerning the physiology of the pituitary has been obtained by the use of direct indexes of corticotropic activity in body fluids and tissues. It is felt, therefore, that a reappraisal of present methods for assessing pituitary corticotropic activity in experimental animals and humans is timely, as is a discussion of the shortcomings of methods used for the detection and measurement of corticotropin-releasing activity. In this chapter, an attempt is made to reconsider—in the light of recent experimental findings—the various existing hypotheses and to consider other means by which the secretion of ACTH could be influenced. The regulation of the synthesis and release of this hormone with respect to present knowledge of protein synthesis are also discussed.
Transmitter Release Differs at Snake Twitch and Tonic Endplates During Potassium-Induced Nerve Terminal Depolarization

Connor, Elizabeth A., Anna Dunaevsky, David J. G. Griffiths, Jean C. Hardwick, and Rodney L. Parsons. Transmitter release differs at snake twitch and tonic endplates during potassium-induced nerve ...
Tree architecture as a predictor of growth and mortality after an episode of red oak decline in the Ozark Highlands of Missouri, U.S.A.

Mixed oak stands in the Ozark Highlands of southern Missouri were revisited eight years after a severe episode of red oak decline to determine which predictor variables, collected in 2003, best predicted subsequent tree growth and mortality patterns. Between 2002 and 2009, the mortality rate was 5% (0.625% annual mortality rate), generally below previously reported background rates. Generalized linear mixed models indicated that dieback (an estimate of branch mortality), age, relative height, and the interaction between the last two were most effective at predicting tree mortality. By contrast, tree vigor index (TVI), a composite variable derived from basic measurements of crown and stem architecture, was unequivocally the best predictor of basal area growth trend from one long-term period to the next. Basal area growth increases linearly with TVI, reinforcing the notion that even in ring-porous oaks (which must build new earlywood vessels each year), sustained growth is a low priority for carbon allocation in chronically stressed trees. The findings validate TVI as a useful metric for predicting growth rates of scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea Munchh.) and black oak (Quercus velutina Lam.).
Intentionality and the Twenty-First-Century Museum

Over five years ago, the Columbus Museum of Art (CMA) was, like many other Midwestern and regional museums across the country, at a crossroads. The great recession, coupled with the general public’s shrinking interest in art museums, had complicated plans for a capital campaign and expansion and cast doubt onto the museum’s future. Unlike the “art museum as tourist destination” model (as one example, 60 percent of MoMA’s attendance is international visitors), CMA’s value, attendance, and survival is dependent on its local and regional community. Our mission is to create great experiences with great art for everyone. But what keeps community members returning to a museum again and again instead of checking it off a “to-do” list? How can a museum reimagine itself so that it is relevant and integral to the community while maintaining its strengths, mission, and vision? As many studies and authors have shown, twentieth-century models relying on passive engagement, outstanding collections, and blockbuster exhibitions would not suffice. In short, if staff and the board did not develop creative solutions for new twenty-first-century challenges, the museum would not survive — a threat that was unimaginable a decade ago but is now a reality for many museums. CMA decided to tackle this challenge by embarking on a physical and philosophical journey that was risky — we were calling into question the museum’s purpose and existence— yet ironically even more in alignment with its mission: fostering community learning through the lens of creativity. We define creativity as “the process of applying imagination and critical thinking in order to generate new ideas that have value.” Creativity is foundational to arts and learning. The museum holds incredible examples of creativity in its galleries, but it is also a capacity that all citizens and communities must cultivate and grow to succeed. Everyone needs creativity, whether scientists, retail workers, politicians, waste management specialists, entrepreneurs, educators, or students. Creativity has become the museum’s social mission, its purpose that rallies
Mitral valve repair in heart failure.

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a frequent complication of end-stage heart failure. Historically, these patients were either managed medically or with mitral valve replacement, both associated with poor outcomes. Mitral valve repair via an ‘undersized’ annuloplasty repair is safe and effectively corrects MR in heart-failure patients. All of the observed changes contribute to reverse remodeling and restoration of the normal left-ventricular geometric relationship. Mitral valve repair offers a new strategy for patients with MR and end-stage heart failure.
Phorbol ester dissociates endothelin-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis and arachidonic acid release in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Abstract Endothelin-stimulated {3H}-inositol phosphate formation and {3H}-arachidonic acid release were measured in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells from rabbit renal artery. Both responses were partially inhibited by pretreatment with pertussis toxin, indicating the involvement of pertussis toxin-sensitive guanine nucleotide binding regulatory proteins in the coupling processes. Pretreatment with the phorbol ester PMA inhibited endothelin-stimulated {3H}-inositol phosphate formation, but potentiated endothelin-stimulated {3H}-arachidonic acid release, suggesting that these two coupling processes occur in a parallel and independent manner in vascular smooth muscle cells.
Ocular immune privilege and CTL tolerance.

The introduction of antigens into the anterior chamber (AC) of the eye, an immune-privileged site, induces immune responses that effectively eliminate ocular pathogens while minimizing tissue damage that can cause blindness. This specialized immune response, termed AC associated immune deviation (ACAID) is thought to be an evolutionary compromise to preserve the delicate microanatomy of the eye while maintaining ocular immune responses. The injection of soluble antigen in the AC of mice results in systemic tolerance characterized by reduced priming for antigen-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Similarly, the injection of histo-incompatible tumors into the AC of mice reduces priming for DTH responses specific to minor antigens. However, robust tumor-specific CTL responses are induced systemically following this treatment that are capable of eliminating a subsequent injection of the same tumors in the skin or the opposite eye. Interestingly, CTL responses induced by administration of tumors in the AC fail to eliminate the primary ocular tumor. In this review, we compare and contrast CTL responses generated by the injection of soluble or tumor-associated antigens in the AC and discuss mechanisms employed to induce ocular CTL tolerance.
The mass of 20Mg: A test of the isobaric multiplet mass equation in A=20☆

Abstract The reaction 24Mg(4He, 8He)20Mg has been used to determine the mass of 20Mg. The resulting mass excess of 17.57±0.03 MeV is used to test the isobaric multiplet mass equation in A=20. A small deviation from the quadratic mass equation is found.
Formation of lithium niobate-tantalate waveguides

Low loss diffused lithium niobate-tantalate waveguides exhibiting strong electrooptic coefficients have been made by a simple processing procedure. The formation of these waveguides takes place by the conversion of a Nb metal film to Nb oxide at a low temperature, followed by diffusion of Nb into the LiTaO3 substrate at about 1100°C. The diffused layer has a Gaussxan composition profile. Its measured refractive index is consistent with that calculated by interpolation between the indices of LiNbO3, and LiTaO3.
Extend core UDF framework for GPU-enabled analytical query evaluation

To achieve scalable data intensive analytics, we investigate methods to integrate general purpose analytic computation into a query pipeline using User Defined Functions (UDFs). However, an existing UDF cannot act as a block operator with chunk-wise input along the tuple-wise query processing pipeline, therefore unable to deal with the application semantics definable on the set of incoming tuples representing a single object or falling in a time window, and unable to leverage external computation engines for efficient batch processing.To enable the data intensive computation pipeline, we introduce a new kind of UDFs called Set-In Set-Out (SISO) UDFs. A SISO UDF is a block operator for processing the input tuples and returning the resulting tuples chunk by chunk. Operated in the query processing pipeline, a SISO UDF pools a chunk of input tuples, dispatches them to GPUs or an analytic engine in batch, materializes and then streams out the results. This behavior differentiates SISO UDF from all the existing ones, and makes efficient integration of analytic computation and data management feasible. We have implemented the SISO UDF framework by extending the PostgreSQL query engine, and further demonstrated the use of SISO UDF with GPU-enabled analytical query evaluation. Our experiments show that the proposed approach is scalable and efficient.
A new index for polytopes

A new index for convex polytopes is introduced. It is a vector whose length is the dimension of the linear span of the flag vectors of polytopes. The existence of this index is equivalent to the generalized Dehn-Sommerville equations. It can be computed via a shelling of the polytope. The ranks of the middle perversity intersection homology of the associated toric variety are computed from the index. This gives a proof of a result of Kalai on the relationship between the Betti numbers of a polytope and those of its dual.
Phase II study of 10-ethyl-10-deaza-aminopterin (10-EdAM; CGP 30 694) for stage IIIB or IV non-small cell lung cancer.

Thirty-one patients with stage IIIB or IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were treated with intravenous 10-EdAM on a weekly basis. The starting dose was 80 mg/m2, with subsequent doses adjusted depending on evidence of toxicity. There were 20 men and 11 women with a median age of 58 years (range, 33–75). Response was evaluated in 30 patients, 5 with evaluable but not measurable tumors and 25 with measurable indicator lesions. There were no complete remissions; 3 patients achieved partial remission. Nine patients had a minor response, 6 showed no change, and 12 had progressive disease. Median survival for all 31 patients was 43 weeks (range, 12–65+). During the first 3-week period, the 10-EdAM dose was reduced or withheld in 19 patients (because of stomatitis in 12, SGPT elevation in 3, skin rash in 2, and granulocytopenia in 2), escalated in 11 patients, and unchanged in 1 patient. A mean of 34–88 mg/m2of 10-EdAM (median, 50) was given per week during the first 5-week period. Myelotoxicity was infrequent and there was no significant nephrotoxicity. Considering the modest side effects of this treatment and the conservative dose-modification schedule which mandated substantial dose reductions, we conclude that 10-EdAM is a promising antitumor agent for NSCLC.
Integrating microfluidic sample concentrator with Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor for point-of-care viral identification

We integrated a portable, disposable, simple to fabricate, and highly effective polymeric microfluidic viral sample concentration device to the Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (IRIS) to increase infectious disease diagnostic speed and sensitivity at the point-of-care.
A longitudinal analysis of the dependency concentration in smaller modules for open-source software products

Our recent studies on single releases of multiple open-source software (OSS) products showed a higher concentration of dependencies in smaller modules. For one of the products, it was observed that an isolatable and observable refactoring initiative exacerbated this concentration inequality. In this paper, we empirically investigate the dependency concentration in smaller modules from a longitudinal perspective: (1) whether this concentration inequality always exists over product life time; (2) how it changes. We hypothesize that the concentration inequality should either remain at same levels or increase over time. This is because large-scale and long-lived software products usually go through some degree of continuous and intermittent refactoring. Our results show that dependencies concentrate in smaller classes in all releases, and this concentration inequality generally increases over successive releases. We suggest that software practitioners continuously pay a higher QA attention to smaller modules. We also recommend increasing such QA focus as a product matures and goes through refactoring activities.
Tarsal tunnel syndrome caused by giant cell tumour of the tendon sheath: case report with review of the literature

Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) is an uncommon entrapment neuropathy caused by the compression of the posterior tibial nerve and its branches in the tarsal tunnel. It is classified as a rare disease by the Office of Rare Diseases Research of the National Institutes of Health, as it affects 1 in 1,500 people. It has a marginally higher incidence rate (56 %) in women. The most common causes of TTS are trauma (17 %), varicosities (13 %), talipes varus (11 %), fibrosis (9 %) and talipes valgus (8 %). Twenty to forty percent of cases have no discernible cause [1]. A case of tarsal tunnel syndrome caused by a giant cell tumour of the tendon sheath is presented. This is followed by a review of the literature.
The coactivators CBP/p300 and the histone chaperone NAP1 promote transcription-independent nucleosome eviction at the HTLV-1 promoter

The human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma. The multifunctional virally encoded oncoprotein Tax is responsible for malignant transformation and potent activation of HTLV-1 transcription. Tax, in complex with phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB), strongly recruits the cellular coactivators CREB binding protein (CBP)/p300 to the viral promoter concomitant with transcriptional activation. Although the mechanism of activator/coactivator-mediated transcriptional activation is poorly understood, the recruitment of CBP/p300 by regulatory factors appears to function, in part, by promoting changes in chromatin architecture that are permissive to transcriptional activation. Here, we show that CBP/p300 recruitment promotes histone acetylation and eviction of the histone octamer from the chromatin-assembled HTLV-1 promoter template in vitro. Nucleosome disassembly is strictly acetyl-CoA dependent and is not linked to ATP utilization. We find that the histone chaperone, nucleosome assembly protein 1 (NAP1), cooperates with CBP/p300 in eviction of the acetylated histones from the chromatin template. These findings reveal a unique mechanism in which the DNA-bound Tax/pCREB complex recruits CBP/p300, and together with NAP1, the coactivators cooperate to dramatically reduce nucleosome occupancy at the viral promoter in an acetylation-dependent and transcription-independent fashion.
Beyond the interface: a distributed cognition perspective

The unbundling of the monolithic computer and its movement off the desktop and into the world are creating new work and living practices. For good and for ill, our professional, personal, and social activities are increasingly dependent on and intertwined with digital computation and communication facilities. Visual interfaces through which we typically interact with such systems date from Ivan Sutherland's seminal Sketchpad system in the 60's and now are commonplace on devices ranging from phones to ultrahigh resolution display walls. Interfaces continue to be a main focus of HCI and information visualization research and applications. In this talk I argue that focusing on the interface is only one of multiple important and necessary levels of design to support information-based activities and unless we attend more seriously to social, cognitive, and embodied levels, we will continue to fall far short of realizing the full potential of computer technology to aid thought, communication, and social interaction.
Nonmetropolitan Poor Children and Reliance on Public Assistance

This research documents trends from 1970 through 1990 in the utilization and ameliorative effects of public assistance among poor children in nonmetropolitan (nonmetro) and metropolitan (metro) America. Results indicate that the families of nonmetro poor children rely more heavily on parental earnings and less so on public assistance when compared to their metro counterparts; that there was a sharp rise over the period in reliance on public assistance, especially among nonmetro children, and a corresponding decline in reliance on earnings; that the ability of public assistance to ameliorate child poverty is modest; and that while the ameliorative effects are always greater in metro than nonmetro areas, this disparity declined over the 1980s owing partially to improvement in nonmetro areas.
A survey of the regulatory activity of some phosphorylated and dephosphorylated forms of troponin.

Abstract Troponin as obtained upon preparation is mainly phosphorylated in the T-component. It has been possible to detect on urea gel electrophoresis of TNT a main component present in two states, phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated, in approximately equal amounts, and transformed into each other by action of phorphorylating enzymes or phosphatase. Such modification in the state of phosphorylation as we could effect did not demonstrably alter the regulatory activity of troponin.
Keepers of the Gate or Keepers of the Dream? An Interview with Phyllis M. Cunningham

Dr. Phyllis M. Cunninghami is professor emerita, Northern Illinois University (NIU), where she served as Presidential Teaching Professor of Adult Education. Born November 10, 1927, Phyllis holds a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in adult education, earned in 1973. Dr. Cunningham has received numerous awards, including in 1982, the Outstanding Adult Educators Award, American Association of Adult Continuing Education (AAACE) at Washington, DC, and in 1995, the Outstanding Service and Dedication to Latino(a) and African American Students in Adult Continuing Education, from NIU. She was inducted into the International Adult and Continuing Education Hall of Fameii in 1996. Her publications are far too numerous to list here. Phyllis has dedicated her life to working with low income families searching for equity and social transformation; she considers her lasting legacy the many students whom she has mentored. The annual Adult Education Research Conference (AERC) honors Phyllis through the “Phyllis M. Cunningham Social Justice Award.” Bob Hill, the interviewer, was selected to be the first Chair of the “Phyllis M. Cunningham Social Justice Award,” serving from 1997 to 2001. He has enjoyed a professional relationship with Phyllis for nearly fifteen years.
Specificity of antialdosterone antibodies in relation to the site of coupling

Abstract Rabbits were injected with three different aldosterone-protein conjugates to elicit the production of specific antibodies. In general, antisera elicited by aldosterone-3-hydrazone-BGG and by aldosterone-21-hemisuccinate-BGG were less specific than sera elicited by aldosterone-3,20 dioxime-BGG. Aldosterone-21-hemisuccinate antisera showed considerable crossreaction with corticosterone and cortisol, whereas the aldosterone-3-hydrazone antisera showed more crossreactivity with testosterone. Aldosterone-3,20 dioxime-BGG antisera were extremely specific. Except for one antiserum, there was little or no crossreaction with cortisol. Two of seven antisera showed an insignificant crossreaction with corticosterone. The extreme sensitivity and specificity of these antisera allowed the development of a simplified radioimmunoassay for plasma aldosterone.
Nuclear, electronic, and frequency factors in electron transfer reactions

The crux of the problem is the fact that the equilibrium configuration of a species changes when it loses an electron. Configuration changes of organometallic metal complexes involve the metal-ligand and intra-ligand bond lengths and angles as well as changes in vibrations and rotation of surrounding solvent dipoles. Discussion indicates that rate constants can be expressed as a product of a nuclear, an electronic, and a frequency factor. Good agreement with measured rate constants is obtained in the normal free-energy region. Understanding of electron transfer rates in highly exothermic regions remains uncertain. 75 references, 2 figures, 2 tables.
TORAH AS MOVABLE TERRITORY

Territorial behavior in humans, if it is to be considered analogous to similar behavior in animals, must be deeply rooted in the regions of the human unconscious that appear to control instinctive behavior. The ethological concept of “movable territory'’may be applicable to Jewish mythological symbolism collected about the Torah. Torah as movable territory may have developed as a symbolic substitute for the loss of real territory. After the Age of Reason had dissolved the mystic ties of Torah and people, real territory once again became central to the survival of the Jews.
Class warfare American style

The idea of class warfare, which originated with Karl Marx, frightens Americans. But the form of class warfare that exists in America is not Marxian in nature. Rather, its source is hard-right conservatives, who have stood Marx on his head, using the power of government and power in the marketplace to shift the distribution of income and wealth increasingly in favor of those at the top of the income ladder. The shift toward greater inequality has accelerated since 1973. Changes in taxes to favor those at the top have been primarily responsible for this. Turning this trend around rests with heterodox economists, as mainstream economics has no interest in wealth and income distribution. The first step is to restore faith in activist government.
Tin-induced reconstructions of the Si(100) surface.

The behavior of tin on the Si(100) 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 surface has been studied using scanning tunneling microscopy. At room temperatures (T150 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C), low coverages of Sn form dimer rows that are oriented perpendicular to the underlying Si dimer rows. As the coverage is increased, these rows pack into areas of two-dimensional order, forming small regions of 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2 near 0.5 monolayer (ML). For substrates annealed above 500 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, the following reconstructions are known to occur: c(4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4) and 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}6 below 0.5 ML, c(4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}8) for 0.5\char21{}1.0 ML, and 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}5 for 1.0\char21{}1.5 ML. A number of structures are observed by scanning tunneling microscopy which are associated with these reconstructions. Both the c(4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4) and 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}6 phases consist of missing Si dimer trenches and stripelike structures which grow perpendicular to the Si dimer rows. As the coverage is increased, the c(4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}8) reconstruction occurs when chainlike structures, consisting of buckled Sn dimers, form on the surface between trenches. The 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}5 phase then grows over this c(4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}8) layer and consists of bright features which are probably associated with Sn dimers. When more than 2 ML Sn is deposited and annealed, the surface undergoes a gross rearrangement and forms {311} facets.
Informing the parents of the mentally retarded child

Summary 1. The parents should be told frankly and openly, yet kindly, about the mental condition of their child. 2. Certain offensive words like idiot, moron, cretin, mongol, and so on, should be avoided. 3. A few complimentary words about the child help to lighten the blow. 4. Discussion should be designed to allay guilt and rejection feelings. 5. Topics which parents want discussed are etiology, heredity, subsequent children, future development of the patient. 6. The subject of institutional care should be approached carefully. 7. The parents should be assured of the continued interest of the physician.
Internalized gap junctions are degraded by autophagy

Direct intercellular communication mediated by gap junctions (GJs) is a hallmark of normal cell and tissue physiology. In addition, GJs significantly contribute to physical cell-cell adhesion. Clearly, these cellular functions require precise modulation. Typically, GJs represent arrays of hundreds to thousands of densely packed channels, each one assembled from two half-channels (connexons), that dock head-on in the extracellular space to form the channel arrays that link neighboring cells together. Interestingly, docked GJ channels cannot be separated into connexons under physiological conditions, posing potential challenges to GJ channel renewal and physical cell-cell separation. We described previously that cells continuously—and effectively after treatment with natural inflammatory mediators—internalize their GJs in an endo-/exocytosis process that utilizes clathrin-mediated endocytosis components, thus enabling these critical cellular functions. GJ internalization generates characteristic cytoplasmic double-membrane vesicles, described and termed earlier annular GJs (AGJs) or connexosomes. Here, using expression of the major fluorescent-tagged GJ protein, connexin 43 (Cx43-GFP/YFP/mApple) in HeLa cells, analysis of endogenously expressed Cx43, ultrastructural analyses, confocal colocalization microscopy, pharmacological and molecular biological RNAi approaches depleting cells of key-autophagic proteins, we provide compelling evidence that GJs, following internalization, are degraded by autophagy. The ubiquitin-binding protein p62/sequestosome 1 was identified in targeting internalized GJs to autophagic degradation. While previous studies identified proteasomal and endo-/lysosomal pathways in Cx43 and GJ degradation, our study provides novel molecular and mechanistic insights into an alternative GJ degradation pathway. Its recent link to health and disease lends additional importance to this GJ degradation mechanism and to autophagy in general.
A new approach for dealing with the startup problem in discrete event simulation

This article proposes a practical, data-based statistical procedure which can be used to reduce or remove bias owing to artificial startup conditions in simulations aimed at estimating steady-state means. We discuss results of experiments designed to choose good parameter values for this procedure, and present results of extensive testing of the procedure on a variety of stochastic models for which partial analytical results are available. The article closes with two illustrations of the application of the procedure to more complex statistical problems which are more representative of the kinds of purposes for which real-world steady-state simulation studies might be undertaken.
Zero Boil-Off Cryogenic Liquid Hydrogen Storage Tank With Axial Cold-Spray System

This paper presents a steady-state analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer in a zero boil-off cryogenic storage tank for liquid hydrogen. The system includes a tank with cylindrical wall and oblate spheroidal top and bottom, and a cold-spray nozzle head whose face is set perpendicular to the axis of the tank. The nozzle head has many nozzles on its front face. The cold fluid cooled by an external cooling system enters the inlet opening at the top of the tank, follows an axial supply tube to the nozzle head and exits through the nozzles into the bulk fluid inside the tank heated by heat leak from the surroundings. The displaced fluid exits the tank through an annular outlet opening (also at the top of the tank and concentric with the inlet opening) then goes back to the external cooling system. This study considers the transport phenomena in the storage tank only with prescribed fluid flow velocity and temperature at the inlet to represent the external cooling system.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Awareness of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign amongst emergency medicine and surgical trainees

Data presented at the 2006 Barcelona conference of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine showed that, where implemented, the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines have improved mortality from sepsis. However, because of overall poor adherence to the guidelines, the stated aim of the campaign to reduce mortality from severe sepsis by 25% is unlikely to be met. In the United Kingdom, patients with sepsis of surgical origin will typically be seen by emergency medicine (EM) before being admitted to a surgical ward and are unlikely to be initially managed by the ICU. Both the EM and surgical juniors should therefore be aware of the guidelines. The aim of this study was to determine the level of awareness of the SSC guidelines in surgical and EM trainees.
Biological Half-Life and Oxidative Stress Effects in Mice with Low-Level, Oral Exposure to Tritium

Tritium (3H) may enter the environment from human activities, particularly at production, processing, or waste storage sites such as the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site, a former nuclear production facility in South Carolina. Understanding the dynamics and potential adverse effects of tritium in exposed organisms is critical to evaluating risks of tritium releases at such sites. Previous studies estimated the biological half-life of tritium in mice to be approximately 1.13 d; however, these laboratory studies were not conducted under environmentally realistic conditions. In this study, designed to be more representative of environmental exposure, mice were allowed to drink water containing tritium (activity about 300 Bq/ml) for a period of 2 wk. The induction of oxidative stress from tritium exposure was evaluated by comparing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) in exposed and control mice. From this experiment, the biological half-...