cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Increased long-bone periosteal/cortical uptake in skeletal scintigraphy.

A 47-YEAR-OLD-WOMAN was referred for bone scintigraphy to evaluate for possible septic arthritis or osteomyelitis because of increasing pain in her left knee and leg for more than 1 week. She had a history of chronic swelling and discomfort of the leg for 22 years. Her leukocyte count, serum calcium, and alkaline phosphatase were within normal limits. Physical examination showed distinct soft tissue swelling of the left leg and moderate tenderness extending from mid to distal left femur and in the proximal left tibia. The patient was unable to fully extend the knee. Three-phase technetium-99m (99~Tc) methylene disphosphonate (MDP) bone scintigraphy showed findings consistent with myositis ossificans above and medial to the left knee, as detected on plain radiograph. There was no significant radiotracer uptake to suggest sepsis in the symptomatic knee; however, there was increased blood pool activity in the upper portion of the left leg (Fig 1) and subsequent increase of the uptake along the periphery of the tibia and overlying the fibula on the 2-hour delayed images (Fig 2). The plain films demonstrated marked dense periosteal reaction corresponding to these areas (Fig 3). In addition, on the radiographs there were many calcified phleboliths in the soft tissues of the lateral aspect of
Identifying glaucomatous vision loss with visual-function-specific perimetry in the diagnostic innovations in glaucoma study.

PURPOSE To compare the diagnostic results of four perimetric tests and to identify useful parameters from each for determining abnormality. METHODS One hundred eleven eyes with glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON), 31 with progressive optic neuropathy (PGON) 53 with ocular hypertension, and 51 with no disease were included (N = 246). Visual field results were not used to classify the eyes. Short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP), frequency-doubling technology perimetry (FDT), high-pass resolution perimetry (HPRP), and standard automated perimetry (SAP) were performed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compute the areas under the curves (AUC) and sensitivity levels at given specificities for a variety of abnormality criteria. The agreement among tests for abnormality, location, and extent of visual field deficit were assessed. RESULTS AUC analysis: When the normal group was compared with the GON group, the FDT pattern SD (PSD) area was larger than the HPRP PSD (P = 0.020), and the FDT area of total deviation (TD) <5% was larger than the HPRP mean deviation (MD; P = 0.004). When the normal group was compared with the PGON group, the FDT area of pattern deviation (PD) <5% was larger than the SWAP PSD (P = 0.020). A difference from previous work was that AUCs for PSD or the best SAP were not significantly poorer than those in the function-specific tests. At set specificities, FDT yielded higher sensitivities than all other tests for all parameters. The agreement among tests for abnormality was fair to moderate (kappa = 247-0.563). When loss was present on more than one test, the quadrant of the visual field affected was the same in 95% (79/83) of eyes. The number of eyes identified and number of abnormal quadrants increased across groups with increasing certainty of glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS At equal specificity, no single perimetric test was always affected, whereas others remained normal. Several parameters at suggested criterion values provided good sensitivity and specificity. FDT showed the highest sensitivity overall, with SAP performing better than in prior reports. Of note, the same area of the retina was identified as damaged in all tests.
A moduli space of exotic 4 'S

In 1982, the first exotic ℝ 4 was discovered—a smooth manifold homeomorphic to ℝ 4 , but not diffeomorphic to it. The object shocked topologists by its open defiance of the rules of high-dimensional smoothing theory. The exotic ℝ 4 was constructed by connecting the two powerful machines of Freedman [4] and Donaldson [2] to earlier work of Casson [1].
Md-Based Method for Computing Configuration Integrals Provides Ability to Test Force Fields

Modern force fields allow the study of biological molecules in atomistic detail. However, too often computational limitations prohibit one from computing many biologically relevant measures such as folding energies and rates, differential population of alternate biological states, and binding affinities. This makes it difficult to test and improve upon the accuracy of force fields for such thermodynamic applications. In this work, new methods are presented for computing the configuration integral of biological molecules both around specific structural states as well as over all of phase space. These methods are based on Molecular Dynamics simulations and can be applied with any force field, including ones with explicit solvent. The methods are applied to study several problems. First, as a proxy for the random-coil state, free energies of hexa- and hepta- peptides are studied as a function of their sequence. Surprisingly, it is demonstrated that the Random Energy Model describes quite well the relationship between sequence and energy, indicating that individual amino acids contribute to the overall free energy largely in a context-independent manner. Second, the ability of EEF1 force field to reproduce experimental helix propensities is studied by computing relative helix folding energies of short peptides. Values computed for polar and non-polar amino acids, separately, show moderate correlation with experimental data. However, the two groups are out of scale with one another, indicating an imbalance between polar and hydrophobic interactions in the force field. Further, each group has two clear outliers - Val/Ile for non-polar amino acids and Lys/Arg for polar ones, suggesting additional avenues for improvement of EEF1. The success of the presented methods has far reaching implications not only for force field development and validation, but also for such areas as computational protein design and drug discovery.
Boredom Proneness and Political Activism

Boredom proneness as related to political activism was studied in three groups, namely, undergraduate students, graduate students, and senior citizens. It was hypothesized that individuals who express a disinclination to vote would score higher in boredom than subjects who express an intent to vote. A second hypothesis stated that individuals who value campaigning for a candidate would be less bored than subjects who feel such activities are useless. Strong support was found for the first hypothesis in both student groups. The second hypothesis was supported for undergraduate students but could not be adequately tested in the other two groups because too few devalued campaigning for a candidate. There was also a weak trend for undergraduate men who supported a conservative candidate to score higher on boredom proneness.
Flux-flow and phase-slip dissipation in crystalline Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ and YBa2Cu3O7−gd

Abstract We have employed a microwave technique to determine the temperature dependences of dissipative mechanisms is textured polycrystallin Y123 and in single phase crystalline BSCCO. The measurements were carried out over the temperature range of 5–100 K, with the applied magnetic field typically varying to a maximum of 1.9 T, applied parallel to the c -axis. The RF current was in the c -plane. In addition to small flux-flow signals, a thermally activated field dependent signal, which apparently arises from phase-slip in a network of weak links, was identified. Phase-slip resistivity is the dominant loss mechanisms near T c . The data have been successfully fit to an extension of a theory of Tinkham, yielding estimates of the phase-slip pinning energy and H c2 .
Cerebral fat embolism: Use of MR spectroscopy for accurate diagnosis

Cerebral fat embolism (CFE) is an uncommon but serious complication following orthopedic procedures. It usually presents with altered mental status, and can be a part of fat embolism syndrome (FES) if associated with cutaneous and respiratory manifestations. Because of the presence of other common factors affecting the mental status, particularly in the postoperative period, the diagnosis of CFE can be challenging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain typically shows multiple lesions distributed predominantly in the subcortical region, which appear as hyperintense lesions on T2 and diffusion weighted images. Although the location offers a clue, the MRI findings are not specific for CFE. Watershed infarcts, hypoxic encephalopathy, disseminated infections, demyelinating disorders, diffuse axonal injury can also show similar changes on MRI of brain. The presence of fat in these hyperintense lesions, identified by MR spectroscopy as raised lipid peaks will help in accurate diagnosis of CFE. Normal brain tissue or conditions producing similar MRI changes will not show any lipid peak on MR spectroscopy. We present a case of CFE initially misdiagnosed as brain stem stroke based on clinical presentation and cranial computed tomography (CT) scan, and later, MR spectroscopy elucidated the accurate diagnosis.
Effects of Pulsed Corona Discharge on SO2 Absorption into Water from an SO2/Air Mixture

The absorption of SO2 from an SO2/air mixture into tap water was measured under pulsed corona discharge at 22 °C and 1 atm as a continuation of the previous study3 in which an SO2/N2 mixture and deionized distilled water were used. The mass-transfer enhancement in the gas phase showed almost the same trend as that obtained from the previous study. However, compared to the previous study, the effect of mass-transfer enhancement due to the higher alkalinity in the liquid phase was attenuated as the corona power increased.
Acetolysis of disaccharides: Comparative kinetics and mechanism

The initial acetolysis rates of several disaccharides were compared using an assay procedure which involves adding portions of the reaction mixture to an alkaline sodium borohydride solution. After reduction, glycosidically-linked hexose was determined by the phenol-sulfuric acid method. For D-glucose disaccharides, β linkages were cleaved faster than α linkages, suggesting anchimeric assistance from the trans C-2 acetoxyl group. The acetolysis reaction rates for the various β-linked D-glucose disaccharides decreased in the order (1→6) ⪢ (1→3) > (1→2) > (1»4). For the various α-linked disaccharides the order was (1→6) ⪢ (1→4) > (1»3)> (1→2). The acetolysis rates for D-mannose disaccharides were in the order α-(1»6) ⪢ α-(1→3) > β-(1»4) > α-(1»2). Turanose (3-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructose) was cleaved at a much faster rate than either D-mannobiose or D-glucobiose with α-(1»2) or α-(1»3) linkages. A reaction mechanism is supported which features an acyclic intermediate, and, for certain -disaccharides, C-2 acetoxyl anchimeric assistance.
Update on intravenous dipyridamole cardiac imaging in the assessment of ischemic heart disease.

Intravenous dipyridamole is a relative selective coronary vasodilator which, when combined with thallium-201, provides a useful technique to assess myocardial perfusion. The intravenous dipyridamole is administered as an infusion at a rate of 0.14 mg/kg/min for 4 minutes. In the presence of significant coronary artery disease the increase of coronary blood flow is disproportionate between vessels with and without significant coronary lesions, providing the basis for detecting regional differences in flow using thallium-201. The test can be used alone or combined with low level exercise to increase test sensitivity. The test is safe when performed under medical supervision and when patient selection is done appropriately. Most of the side effects induced by dipyridamole infusion are well tolerated by patients and readily reversed with intravenous aminophylline and sublingual nitroglycerin. The average sensitivity and specificity of the dipyridamole thallium scintigraphy test from the major studies are 76% and 70%, respectively. The test is very useful in providing prognostic information in patients who are unable to exercise. A reversible thallium defect after dipyridamole infusion has been shown to be associated with significant mortality and morbidity in patients with documented or suspected coronary artery disease. The use of intravenous dipyridamole has been extended intomore » other modalities of imaging, including 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography, to study functional changes in the left ventricular induced by the infusion of intravenous dipyridamole. 52 references.« less
Detection of channel catfish virus DNA in acutely infected channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), using the polymerase chain reaction

Channel catfish virus (CCV) causes an acute haemorrhagic disease in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), fry and fingerlings. The present study describes a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay for detection of CCV DNA in the tissues of acutely infected juvenile catfish. The assay is rapid, sensitive and specifically detects CCV DNA derived from epidemiologically distinct viral isolates. The use of two independent PCR primers sets, each specific for particular CCV genes (open reading frames 8 and 59), provides a means to confirm the results and minimize false-positive results. The method identifies CCV DNA in several tissues of acutely infected fish, including the brain, blood, intestine, kidney and liver. The CCV PCR assay is useful for the diagnosis of acute CCV disease and for studies to investigate the molecular basis of CCV pathogenesis.
Optimization of multipollutant air quality management strategies: A case study for five cities in the United States

Developing regional air quality management strategies is a difficult task because formation of air pollutants is interdependent and air quality at different locations may have different responses to emissions from common sources. We developed an optimization-based model, OPtimal integrated Emission Reduction Alternatives (OPERA), which allows for identifications of least-cost control strategies for attaining multipollutant air quality targets at multiple locations simultaneously. To implement OPERA, first, sensitivities of air quality to precursor emission changes are quantified. Second, cost functions of emission reductions are estimated using a cost analysis tool that includes a pool of available control measures. The third step is to determine desired reductions in concentrations of air pollutants. The last step is to identify the optimal control strategies by minimizing costs of emission controls using the sensitivities of air pollutants to emission changes, cost functions, and constraints for feasibl...
Effects of Collisions on the Saturation Behavior of the 6328 ≫ Transition of Ne Studied with a He-Ne Laser

Collision effects on saturation of He line transition in He-Ne laser, determining power output dependence on cavity tuning and gas pressure
Bivariate averaging and the Wigner distribution function

In order to gain insight into the nature of the Wigner and related distribution functions, bivariate averaging functions of real unbounded variables with absolutely continuous marginals that are ordinary probabilities are considered. Accordingly variables are chosen to be phase space variables that are respectively eigenvalues of position and momentum operators. The impact of the condition that the marginals are squared magnitudes of amplitudes that are Fourier transforms of one another is emphasized by the delay of the introduction of this Fourier transform condition until after the form for a bivariate distribution with the given marginals is obtained. When the respective amplitudes are fourier transforms of one another, special cases of the bivariate averaging function correspond to generalized Wigner functions characterized by a parameterα. Such anα-Wigner function can be used as the basis of a consistent averaging procedure if an appropriate corresponding representation for underlying operators to be averaged is specified. Properties of theα-Wigner functions are summarized.
Effects of Recent Sexual Activity and Use of a Diaphragm on the Vaginal Microflora

We prospectively studied 40 women over a median period of 28 weeks to ascertain the effects on vaginal microflora of sexual intercourse alone compared with sexual intercourse associated with use of a diaphragm with a spermicide (diaphragm/spermicide). Compared with no sexual intercourse, sexual intercourse with use of a diaphragm/spermicide in the preceding 3 days was strongly associated with increases in rates of vaginal colonization with uropathogenic flora, including Escherichia coli (P < .0001), other gram-negative uropathogens (P = .0045), group D streptococci (P = .014), and group B streptococci (P = .0015). Except for E. coli colonization, no such increases in rates of vaginal colonization were seen at visits preceded by sexual intercourse without use of a diaphragm/spermicide. Compared with no sexual intercourse, sexual intercourse with use of a diaphragm/spermicide in the preceding 3 days also was associated with a marked increase in rates of candidal colonization (P < .0001) and with a decrease in rates of lactobacillus colonization (P < .0001). We conclude that bacterial and fungal microflora in the vagina are strongly influenced by recent use of a diaphragm/spermicide and minimally affected by sexual intercourse alone.
High-energy proton, helium, and gamma-ray observations on OSO-III

High energy protons, helium and gamma rays observed by particle telescope on board OSO-C, obtaining integral rigidity spectra of proton and helium nuclei
Reconsidering the “aspiration–expectation gap” and assumed gender differences among urban youth

Abstract The present study investigated the relevance of the “aspiration–expectation gap” and traditional gender differences among urban youth in middle school and high school (N = 294). Results failed to indicate a significant difference between the occupational prestige levels of aspired and expected careers, but did indicate a significant difference between aspired and expected levels of education. In general, the proportion of girls significantly outweighed the proportion of boys in traditionally “masculine” occupations with high levels of prestige; girls also had higher levels of occupational prestige than boys in terms of careers they hoped and expected to obtain. Black and bi/multi-racial youth expected to have higher levels of education than White youth.
Chemisorption of CO, NO, and H2 on transition metal-titania thin film model catalysts

Abstract Chemisorption on thin film models of Rh TiO 2 and Pt TiO 2 catalysts before and after encapsulation with TiO x (1.0 ⩽ x ⩽ l .2) is reported. TiO x blocks adsorption sites and induces new desorption states. A CO desorption peak, assigned to CO on Rh atoms perturbed by TiO x , is observed at 325 K after adsorption at 120 K on a TiO x -covered Rh TiO 2 surface. CO adsorbed at 285 K onto the encapsulated Rh TiO 2 surfaces shows a new 685 K CO desorption state attributed to an activated form of CO with a weakened CO bond. NO desorbs from clean Rh overlayers with a profile most like Rh(110). On encapsulated Rh surfaces N 2 O is the major desorption product. Compared to bulk Pt, desorption experiments show suppressed H 2 adsorption capacity for thin ( x . For thin layers of Pt on fully oxidized TiO 2 layers there is no reduction of H 2 Chemisorption. The results suggest bonding between Ti and Pt which affects H 2 Chemisorption even though no Pt surface sites are blocked.
Synthesis of Hydrotalcite Using Brucite as the Source of Magnesium

The hydrotalcite was synthesized using brucite as the source of magnesium by the method of coprecipitation. The effect of synthesis parameters, such as Mg2+ concentration of solution, crystallizing time and temperature on their crystal structure were studied. The surface morphology was characterized by SEM, and the structure was characterized by XRD. Characterization of hydrotalcite showed that the particle size of the hydrotalcite with high degree of crystallinity was 10.0～0.1μm, and the Mg2+ concentration of solution, crystallizing time and temperature influenced the crystal structure. The proper Mg2+ concentration was 0.12M, and the optimal crystallizing time and temperature were 8h and 80°C, respectively.
Hyperglycemic Clamp: A Single Experiment to Simultaneously Assess Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity in Children † 420

Hyperglycemic Clamp: A Single Experiment to Simultaneously Assess Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity in Children † 420
Social Class Factors in Autism.

Social class factors were studied in families of 148 patients hospitalized at the UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute from 1961 to 1970. Seventy-four patients with the syndrome of perceptual inconstancy and diagnosis of autism were matched according to age, sex, and time of admission with 74 hospitalized for other neuropsychiatric disorders. Statistical comparisons of parental data revealed no significant differences in mean age at time of patient's birth, educational or occupational level, income, social class indexes, or distribution. Certain significant differences were noted in racial and religious compositions, and more mothers of autistic patients were unemployed at the time of their child's hospitalization. These findings, which differ from many reporting a significantly higher social class standing of families of autistic children, are discussed. It is suggested that future surveys of more culturally and socioeconomically heterogeneous populations will confirm that there is no significant association between social class factors and autism.
High to very high frequency metal/anomaly detector

Typical metal detectors work at very low to low frequencies. In this paper, a metal/anomaly detector design that operates in the high to very high frequency range is presented. This design uses a high-Q tuned loop antenna for metal/anomaly detection. By measuring the return loss or voltage standing wave ratio a frequency notch can be detected. Tuning to the optimal location of the notch can be accomplished by monitoring the phase response. This phase monitoring technique can be used to ground balance the detector. As a metal object is moved along the longitudinal axis of the loop antenna a substantial shift in the frequency of the notch is detected. For metal targets, the frequency shift is positive, and for ferrite and other targets, the frequency shift is negative. This frequency shift is created by the proximity of the target causing a change in the impedance of the antenna. Experiments with a prototype antenna show long-range detection with low power requirements. The detector requires only one loop with one winding which is used for both transmit and receive. This allows for a metal/anomaly detector with a very simple design. The design is lightweight and, depending on loop size, significantly increases detection depth performance. In the full paper, modeling and further experimental results will be presented. Performance results for various types of soil and for different types of targets are presented.
Polymerization of dialdehydes by metal alkyls

A variety of metal alkyls have been found to be catalysts for preparing a polyester from terephthalaldehyde via the Tischenko reaction. The polymer was examined by infrared spectra, x-ray diffraction patterns, and differential thermal analysis, and is apparently a crystallizable random 50 : 50 copolymer composed of p-methylenebenzoate and p-xylyleneterephthalate units. Diphenyl-4,4,-dicarboxaldehyde also underwent polymerization with the metal alkyls, but a hindered aldehyde, 4,6-dimethylisophthalaldehyde, did not and was recovered quantitatively.
Identification of a Nuclear Export Signal and Protein Interaction Domains in Deformed Epidermal Autoregulatory Factor-1 (DEAF-1)

Deformed epidermal autoregulatory factor-1 (DEAF-1) is a DNA-binding protein required for embryonic development and linked to clinical depression and suicidal behavior in humans. Although primarily nuclear, cytoplasmic localization of DEAF-1 has been observed, and this suggests the presence of a nuclear export signal (NES). Using a series of fluorescent fusion proteins, an NES with a novel spacing of leucines (LXLX(6)LLX(5)LX(2)L) was identified near the COOH-terminal MYND domain at amino acids 454-476. The NES was leptomycin B-sensitive and mutation of the leucine residues decreased or eliminated nuclear export activity. In vitro pull downs and an in vivo fluorescent protein interaction assay identified a DEAF-1/DEAF-1 protein interaction domain within the NES region. DNA binding had been previously mapped to a positively charged surface patch in the novel DNA binding fold called the "SAND" domain. A second protein-protein interaction domain was identified at amino acids 243-306 that contains the DNA-binding SAND domain and also an adjacent zinc binding motif and a monopartite nuclear localization signal (NLS). Deletion of these adjacent sequences or mutation of the conserved cysteines or histidine in the zinc binding motif not only inhibits protein interaction but also eliminates DNA binding, demonstrating that DEAF-1 protein-protein interaction is required for DNA recognition. The identification of an NES and NLS provides a basis for the control of DEAF-1 subcellular localization and function, whereas the requirement of protein-protein interaction by the SAND domain appears to be unique among this class of transcription factors.
An automated Verlet neighbor list algorithm with a multiple time-step approach for the simulation of large systems

Abstract The automated version of the Verlet neighbor list algorithm proposed by the authors [Comput. Phys. Commun. 60 (1990) 215; 64 (1991) 15] is applied to the multiple time-step method [Street et al., Mol. Phys. 35 (1978) 639]. The algorithm, in which the optimum neighbor list thickness (SKIN) increases with the system size ( N ), and a primary neighbor list is updated at regular periods, regardless of N , shows a linear CPU time vs. N dependence over the range 10 3 N ≤ 2 × 10 4 . The algorithm's speed is 2.8 times higher than that achieved by the neighbor list algorithm with “recommended” values for SKIN and update frequency [Schoen, Comput. Phys. Commun. 52 (1989) 175], using the same type of hardware.
The pattern of lacrimal injuries in naso-ethmoid fractures.

Summary The relatively infrequent occurrence of epiphora following fractures of the naso-ethmoid region is noted. This is thought to be due to the protective influence of the medial canthal ligament which prevents tearing of the upper lacrimal pathways. Except for incised or external penetrating wounds, most injuries to the lacrimal pathways occur at or near the junction of the orbital and nasal sections. Failure to recognise this, associated with blind compression of inaccurately reduced bone fragments, may lead to obstruction at this level. Correct treatment, especially in severe naso-ethmoid injuries, involves exploration and anatomical reconstruction of the medial and inferior orbital margins.
Exploiting inheritance and structure semantics for effective clustering and buffering in an object-oriented DBMS

Object-oriented databases provide new kinds of data semantics in terms of inheritance and structural relationships. This paper examines how to use these additional semantics to obtain more effective object buffering and clustering. We use the information collected from real-world object-oriented applications, the Berkeley CAD Group's OCT design tools, as the basis for a simulation model with which to investigate alternative buffering and clustering strategies. Observing from our measurements that real CAD applications exhibit high data read to write ratios, we propose a run-time clustering algorithm whose initial evaluation indicates that system response time can be improved by a factor of 200% when the read/write ratio is high. We have also found it useful to limit the amount of I/O allowed to the clustering algorithm as it examines candidate pages for clustering at run-time. Basically, there is little performance distinction between limiting reclustering to a few I/Os or many, so a low limit on I/O appears to be acceptable. We also examine, under a variety of workload assumptions, context-sensitive buffer replacement policies with alternative prefetching policies.
Changing tactics: dominance, territoriality, and the responses of "primary" males to competition from conditional breeders in the variegated pupfish (Cyprinodon variegatus).

Abstract Using variegated pupfish, we examined the flexibility in “primary” male tactics when dealing with the aggressive costs of competition. Analogous to conditional mating strategies, we expected primary males to exhibit one of two interrelated tactics (i.e. dominance or territoriality) in response to different numbers of competitors. In the field, competitors influenced aggression. Primary males defended territories; residents facing more intruders engaged in more chases and obtained fewer spawns per female. In the laboratory, primary males showed dominance at low density, controlling most of the aquarium. With increasing competitor numbers, primary males reduced the area controlled and defended territories. Territories occurred with intermediate to high competitor numbers and only under male-biased sex ratios. During these interactions, aggression was highest and competitors were too many for dominant males to suppress the assertions made by each subordinate to increase its rank. Relinquished control of the entire domain enabled a previously subordinate male to establish a territory in the undefended portion of the aquarium. Reduction in defended area related to a reduction in territorial males’ spawning success relative to dominants. These results suggested that primary males, like conditional breeders, would adopt the tactic that enabled them to spawn despite the constraints of competition.
Reducing excess cardiac biomarker testing at an academic medical center.

BACKGROUND Elimination of wasteful diagnostic testing will improve value for the United States health care system.
Population growth described by a nonlinear boundary value problem of parabolic type

This paper treats some non-linear diffusion system arising from the population growth as well as the classical diffusion and heat conduction problem. The spatial domain in the diffusion system can be either bounded or unbounded and the boundary condition under consideration includes both Dirichlet and Neumann type conditions. It is shown under some physically reasonable conditions on the non-linear function that the initial boundary value problem has a unique bounded positive solution which can be constructed by the method of successive approximation. In some simple models, a recursion formula for the calculation of the approximation is given. In addition to the existence problem the investigation is devoted to the asymptotic behavior of the solution and the stability of a steady-state solution. Particular attention is given to a model in the population growth and the chemical diffusion system.
Masculinities at work

– The purpose of this paper is to provide an overall review of the literature on masculinities and work and identify the strengths and weaknesses of the existing research in understanding men's work as well as pointing to new direction for work., – Extensive, in‐depth review of the literature on men and work.Findings – Findings identify three main strands of research on men and work. The existing research focuses on the role of men as breadwinners, the effects of work for masculine identity and the economic benefits of men's work., – The in‐depth survey of the literature provides the unique, empirical opportunity observe the strengths and weaknesses of existing literature. While extensive studies exists on adult men, teenage boys’ labor has rarely been problematized., – The paper provides a very useful source of information on masculinities and work and offers a new direction for future research on the topic., – This paper offers a comprehensive review of the existing literature of masculinities in the workplace. It identifies the general sub‐areas of research, and offers a neglected yet crucial part of the workforce: teenage boys as a virtually unexplored area for future research.
Assessment of the contact eye cover as an effective method of restricting visual input

In the wake of several studies that have cast doubt upon the effectiveness of contact eye covers in restricting vision, we performed a series of five experiments to the end of achieving reversible blinding of the albino rat. The data of Experiment 1 indicated that the contact eye cover can be as effective as a rubber cup in restricting visual input. In Experiment 2, animals that were fitted binocularly with opaque eye covers performed as if blind on a task involving acquisition of pattern discrimination. In Experiment 3, binocular coverage with the opaque eye cover resulted in chance performance across 300 trials of a previously acquired pattern-discrimination habit. In Experiment 4, the base diameter of the eye cover was found to be a critical factor: Performance of a previously acquired brightness discrimination was reduced to chance levels by contact eye covers that approximated 7.0 mm in diameter. In Experiment 5, a smaller eye cover (6-mm diam) had no effect in limiting the visually evoked electrocortical response of the albino rat, while an eye cover of 7.2-mm diam produced a reliable attenuation of the response. The collective results indicate that appropriately fabricated contact eye covers are a viable means of restricting visual input and may justifiably be considered contact occluders.
Microbial attack of nitrocellulose

This is a study dealing with the use of a microorganism for partial denitration of the surface of nitrocellulose-based small arms propellants, in order to gain burning rate control. An organism, Aspergillus fumigatus, was found to grow on pyroxylin suspended in a nitrogen deficient, carbon-containing nutrient medium. No growth was observed under the same conditions when carbon was absent. This would indicate that the organism utilized nitrogen from nitrocellulose without attacking the carbon backbone. Further, mechanism studies indicated that the organism did not utilize the nitrogen directly from nitrocellulose, but rather relied on a hydrolysis reaction for a source of nitrogen.
Structure of rat atrial natriuretic factor precursor deduced from cDNA sequence

The atrium of the heart contains peptides, termed atrial natriuretic factors (ANFs), diuretic1 and smooth-muscle-relaxing2–4 activities. In view of its potent effects on salt metabolism in the kidney and on vascular smooth muscle, ANF is considered to play an important part in the control of fluid volume and vascular function. Several different ANF peptides varying in size have been isolated3–10 and their amino acid sequences determined4,6–10. Analysis of the sequences of the peptides suggests that they are derived by proteolysis from the same precursor. To examine this hypothesis, we have cloned cDNAs of the ANF precursor using rat atrial mRNA, determined its nucleotide sequence and deduced its amino acid sequence. The ANF precursor consists of 152 amino acid residues including a putative signal peptide sequence. This sequence contains the amino acid sequences of all the ANF peptides reported to date4,6–10.
Families and Chronic Illness: A Synthesis of Current Research

The purpose of this review of 73 articles reporting family research was to identify major areas of inquiry and to draw conclusions about what is known about families in which a member has a chronic illness. The review identified two distinct clusters of research in which knowledge is being generated. The first cluster included descriptive studies of family response to illness. The second cluster included explanatory studies of variables contributing to response to chronic illness. Within each of these two broad clusters, focused areas of inquiry were identified and the results of these studies were synthesized. The findings of the review are discussed in terms of their implications for developing nursing interventions and future research.
Electrical resistivity of pristine and functional single-wall carbon nanotubes

The resistance of several pristine and functional single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) deposited and dried on interdigitated electrode (IDE) chips was investigated to better understand how functional groups influence their resistivity.Without the external electrical field, the resistance was generally increased for the sulfonated and fluorinated SWNTs but not for COOH-SWNTs.With a 3V electric field applied during depositing, while no change in resistance was found for the purified pristine SWNTs, fluorinated SWNTs, COOH SWNTs, and Ni-SWNTs, a significant decrease in resistance was observed in sulfonated SWNTs and unpurified pristine SWNTs, which could be due to the alignment of SWNTs in an electric field. The alignment of the sulfonated SWNTs is most likely due to the charge of the sulfate functional group. It is interesting to note that the alignmentwas found in the unpurified pristine SWNTs but not in the purified pristine oneswhich have lessened resistivity. The lower resistivity in the purified pristine SWNTs may be due to the smaller number (<5%) of impurities. The significance of this research is that hydrophilic COOH-SWNTs could be a better candidate than the hydrophobic pristine SWNTs for being used in many applications, especially in polymer nanocomposites.
Neurological rehabilitation in children and adolescents.

We report about 38 patients aged between 1 and 19 years (36.8% female, 63.2% male; mean age 7.8 years) admitted as inpatients for further neurorehabilitation mostly 4 weeks after severe acquired brain injury (ABI) of different aetiology. Of the patients, 73.7% were in a state of minimal responsiveness (vigilance score 5.
Unraveling the Links Between Diabetes, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease

See related article, pages 1178–1184 Patients with diabetes mellitus are known to be at increased risk for coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction, and have worse outcomes after coronary interventions such as stenting.1 The mechanisms for this increased risk are not fully known, but are thought to reflect vascular abnormalities of inflammation, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hypercoagulability.2 In turn, these vascular abnormalities may be the result of hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and advanced glycation products seen in diabetes.3,4 However, the precise molecular links between the metabolic abnormalities seen in diabetes, and the resulting vascular changes that increase propensity for atherosclerosis are not clearly understood. One such link is endothelial dysfunction, seen in diabetes, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and aging.5,6 Endothelial dysfunction is characterized by defects in the normal vascular relaxation response to mediators such as acetylcholine, or to increased blood flow. This can be clinically measured by ultrasound studies of forearm blood flow responses. The basis for endothelial dysfunction may involve a reduction in the amount of bioavailable nitric oxide (NO) in the vasculature. NO is necessary for vascular relaxation and endothelium dependent relaxing factor (EDRF) activity.7,8 NO also serves to suppress atherosclerosis by reducing endothelial cell activation, smooth muscle proliferation, leukocyte activation and leukocyte-endothelial interactions, and platelet aggregation and adhesion.9–12 Therefore, reduction in the amount of bioavailable NO would result in a proatherogenic state. …
Cellular MicroRNAs 200b and 429 Regulate the Epstein-Barr Virus Switch between Latency and Lytic Replication

We previously showed that the cellular proteins ZEB1 and ZEB2/SIP1 both play key roles in regulating the latent-lytic switch of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) by repressing BZLF1 gene expression. We investigated here the effects of cellular microRNA (miRNA) 200 (miR200) family members on the EBV infection status of cells. We show that miR200b and miR429, but not miR200a, can induce EBV-positive cells into lytic replication by downregulating expression of ZEB1 and ZEB2, leading to production of infectious virus. The levels of miR200 family members in EBV-infected cells strongly negatively correlated with the levels of the ZEBs (e.g., -0.89 [P < 0.001] for miR429 versus ZEB1) and positively correlated with the degree of EBV lytic gene expression (e.g., 0.73 [P < 0.01] for miR429 versus BZLF1). The addition of either miR200b or miR429 to EBV-positive cells led to EBV lytic reactivation in a ZEB-dependent manner; inhibition of these miRNAs led to decreased EBV lytic gene expression. The degree of latent infection by an EBV mutant defective in the primary ZEB-binding site of the EBV BZLF1 promoter was not affected by the addition of these miRNAs. Furthermore, EBV infection of primary blood B cells led to downregulation of these miRNAs and upregulation of ZEB levels. Thus, we conclude that miRNAs 200b and 429 are key regulators via their effects on expression of ZEB1 and ZEB2 of the switch between latent and lytic infection by EBV and, therefore, potential targets for development of new lytic induction therapeutics with which to treat patients with EBV-associated malignancies.
Bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding and 8 PSK signaling

We have suggested bit-interleaved coded modulation with soft decision iterative decoding (BICM-ID) for bandwidth-efficient transmission over Gaussian and fading channels. Unlike trellis coded modulation, BICM-ID has a small free Euclidean distance but large diversity order due to bit interleaving. With iterative decoding, soft bit decisions can be employed to significantly improve the conditional intersignal Euclidean distance. This leads to a large coding gain, comparable to that of turbo TCM, over both Gaussian and Rayleigh fading channels with much less system complexity. We address critical design issues to enhance the decoding performance and provide the analytical bounds on the performance with an ideal feedback assumption. We investigate the performance characteristics of BICM-ID through extensive simulations and show that at high signal to noise ratios, the performance of BICM-ID converges to the performance assuming error-free feedback.
2,4,6‐Tribromobenzoic Acid

2,4,6-Tribromobenzoic acid intermediate: 3-Amino-2,4,6-tribromobenzoic acid. product: 2,4,6-tribromobenzoic acid Keywords: diazotization, replacement of diazonium group (loss of N2), by hydrogen; halogenation, bromination; apparatus, for bromination of m-aminobenzoic acid; stirrers, Trubore
The molecular classification of medulloblastoma: driving the next generation clinical trials.

Purpose of Review Most children diagnosed with cancer today are expected to be cured. Medulloblastoma, the most common pediatric malignant brain tumor, is an example of a disease that has benefitted from advances in diagnostic imaging, surgical techniques, radiation therapy and combination chemotherapy over the past decades. An incurable disease 50 years ago, approximately 70% of children with medulloblastoma are now cured of their disease. However, the pace of increasing the cure rate has slowed over the past two decades, and we have likely reached the maximal benefit that can be achieved with cytotoxic therapy and clinical risk stratification. Long-term toxicity of therapy also remains significant. To increase cure rates and decrease long-term toxicity, there is great interest in incorporating biologic “targeted” therapy into treatment of medulloblastoma, but this will require a paradigm shift in how we classify and study disease.
An unusual presentation of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder mimicking vasculitis in heart transplantation.

This report details an unusual case of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) involving the epicardial coronary arteries and myocardial arterioles of an allograft heart, morphologically mimicking vasculitis, a finding associated with acute rejection, cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), infection and infarction. Recognition of this novel PTLD pattern as a potential imitator of acute rejection in particular is important because reduction of immunosuppression (to treat PTLD) is antithetical to the usual therapy for rejection.
Transglutaminase 2-mediated serotonylation in pulmonary hypertension

The monoamine serotonin (5-HT) has been previously implicated in pulmonary arterial remodeling and is considered a potential therapeutic target for the disease pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). More recently, it has been recognized that the enzyme tissue transglutaminase (TG2) mediates cross-linking of proteins with 5-HT, a posttranslational process of monoaminylation known as “serotonylation.” TG2 activity and serotonylation of protein participate in both smooth muscle proliferation and contraction produced by 5-HT. Indeed, markedly increased TG2 activity has now been identified in lung tissue of an experimental rodent model of pulmonary hypertension, and elevated serotonylation of fibronectin and the signaling molecule Rho, downstream products of transglutamidation, have been found in blood of patients with PAH. The basic mechanism by which TG2 is activated and the potential role(s) of serotonylated proteins in pulmonary hypertension remain a mystery. In the present review we have tried to address the current understanding of 5-HT metabolism in pulmonary hypertension and relate it to what is currently known about the evolving cellular process of serotonylation.
“Your Heart Is My Piñata”: Chuck Palahniuk's Unconventional Love Stories

Despite not knowing her name, the Prince in Cinderella recognizes the title character as his true love because the lost shoe can fit only her foot. This story epitomizes our society's conception th...
Effect of Pressure on Conductivity in Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Complexed with Alkali Metal Salts.

Abstract Audio frequency complex admittance measurements at a number of temperatures have been performed on PEO complexed with various alkali metal perchlorates and thiocyanates at pressures up to 0.3 GPa. In general, the activation volumes tend to increase with the size of both the cation and anion. The trend is best explained if the ion transport mechanism involves both anions and cations. The results are in good agreement with the predictions of a dynamical diffusion theory with an attempt mode Gruneisen parameter appropriate for interchain vibrations. This implies that diffusion takes place via interstice-interstice hopping of the ions. Next, it is shown that free volume considerations lead to unreasonable results if T o is interpreted as the glass transition temperature. Finally, the effect of pressure on the activation volume is determined.