cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving document clustering using automated machine translation

With the development of statistical machine translation, we have ready-to-use tools that can translate documents from one language to many other languages. These translations provide different yet correlated views of the same set of documents. This gives rise to an intriguing question: can we use the extra information to achieve a better clustering of the documents? Some recent work on multiview clustering provided positive answers to this question. In this work, we propose an alternative approach to address this problem using the constrained clustering framework. Unlike traditional Must-Link and Cannot-Link constraints, the constraints generated from machine translation are dense yet noisy. We show how to incorporate this type of constraints by presenting two algorithms, one parametric and one non-parametric. Our algorithms are easy to implement, efficient, and can consistently improve the clustering of real data, namely the Reuters RCV1/RCV2 Multilingual Dataset. In contrast to existing multiview clustering algorithms, our technique does not need the compatibility or the conditional independence assumption, nor does it involve subtle parameter tuning.
Numerical study of the sensitivity of mangroves in reducing storm surge and flooding to hurricane characteristics in southern Florida

Abstract The sensitivity of the mangrove effect on reducing storm surge flooding to hurricane characteristics is investigated by using the numerical model Coastal and Estuarine Storm Tide (CEST). First, the attenuation of storm surge by mangroves is incorporated into the model by updating Manning’s coefficient based on the National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) 2001. Then CEST is verified by comparing the model results with field observations in South Florida for Hurricane Wilma. Secondly, a set of numerical experiments using synthetic hurricanes with different intensity, forward speed, radius of maximum wind speed and travel direction are conducted for the sensitivity study. Results indicate that storm surge magnitudes and flooding areas are reduced by the mangrove zone more for fast moving hurricanes than slow moving hurricanes in the west coast of South Florida. In addition, increasing hurricane intensity and hurricane size lower the effect of mangroves on attenuating storm surge and reducing the flooding area. The mangrove zone plays a more effective role in reducing flooding areas from hurricanes that travel from east to west than from hurricanes that travel from west to east. The mangrove reduction effect is most sensitive to changes in hurricane forward speed. A 6.7 m/s to 2.2 m/s decrease in forward speed can result in a decrease in flood area reduction by mangroves that is equivalent to the decrease in flood area reduction by mangroves from Category 3 to 5 hurricanes.
The charges for seizures in the pediatric emergency room: a single center study.

Abstract Background The direct charges for emergency department visits resulting from recurrent seizures are significant, and home intervention with abortive medications can be cost-saving. Over a 1-year period, we evaluated children with seizures who were seen in the emergency department, stabilized, and released. The information is necessary to assess the pharmacoeconomic advantages of at-home interventions for seizure emergencies. Methods We did a retrospective chart review of 90 patients and divided them into febrile versus nonfebrile seizures and existing versus new-onset seizure disorder. The hospital accounting department performed a charge analysis. Results and Conclusion The total charges for all 90 patients treated for seizures in the emergency department were $219,945. The minimum was $370, for a patient with no history of febrile seizures. The maximum was $17,126, for a patient with a nonfebrile seizure and a history of seizures. This information allows a comparison with the cost of preventive medications, such as diazepam rectal gel or intranasal midazolam.
The case for transient authentication

How does a machine know who is using it? Currently, systems assume that the user typing now is the same person who supplied a password days ago. Such persistent authentication is inappropriate for mobile and ubiquitous systems, because associations between people and devices are fleeting. To address this, we propose transient authentication. In this model, a user wears a small hardware token that authenticates the user to other devices over a short-range, wireless link. This paper presents the four principles of transient authentication, our experience applying the model to a cryptographic file system, and our plans for extending the model to other services and applications.
Mortality and the fate of communist states.

The author suggests that the general tendency to overestimate the economic success of communist countries by Western scholars before the breakup of the Soviet Union was due primarily to a failure to take proper account of demographic factors and particularly declines occurring in life expectancy. "The first section reviews the anomalous history of mortality trends in Central and Eastern Europe and the USSR between the end of the Second World War and the end of the Cold War. The second draws inferences about economic performance in those countries from their mortality trends. The third examines some characteristic differences in mortality trends between those areas in which communist rule has recently collapsed and those in which it continues and speculates about the significance of the distinction. The final section discusses the significance of current mortality trends for post-communist societies especially as they pertain to the prospective transition to a stable economic and political order." (EXCERPT)
Development of RF-MEMS switch on PCB substrates with polyimide planarization

This paper describes an improved manufacturing technology for the fabrication of radio frequency (RF) microelectromechanical systems switches on a laminated printed circuit board (PCB). The process simplifies the fabrication process without sacrificing the RF performance of switches on the PCB. The proposed process patterns a 17.5-/spl mu/m-thick copper layer on the PCB; as a result, the surface becomes highly nonplanarized. Polyimide is then used to planarize the PCB's patterned copper layer. The use of polyimide for planarization has not only made the fabrication process simpler, but it has also reduced the formation of voids in the photoresist sacrificial layer where metallic membrane is deposited and patterned. The switches fabricated with this technology demonstrate a low insertion loss (less than 0.06 dB at 10 GHz) and good isolation (less than 20 dB at 10 GHz).
A Sudden Rampage: The Japanese Occupation of Southeast Asia, 1941-1945

Equality and Opportunity - Diplomacy and Force - War and Peace - Conquest and Liberation - Control and Mobilisation - Demand and Supply - Memory and Legacy.
On steep gravity waves meeting a vertical wall: a triple instability

Theoretical arguments suggest that progressive gravity waves incident on a vertical wall can produce periodic standing waves only if the incident wave steepness ak is quite small, certainly less than 0.284. Laboratory experiments are carried out in which an incident wave train of almost uniform amplitude meets a vertical barrier. At wave steepnesses greater than 0.236 the resulting motion near the barrier is non-periodic. A growing instability is observed in which every third wave crest is steeper than its neighbours. The steep waves develop sharp crests, or vertical jets. The two neighbouring crests are rounded, flat-topped, or of intermediate form. The instability grows by a factor of about 2.2 for every three wave periods, almost independently of the incident wave steepness.
Turbulent premixed flame modeling using artificial neural networks based chemical kinetics

Abstract The applicability of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) approach as a chemistry integrator for Large Eddy Simulations (LES) of reactive flows is evaluated with special emphasis on generating training tables independent of the computation of interest. An ANN code based on back-propagation algorithm is developed with a new approach for self-determining the model coefficients adaptively with respect to the error surface topology. The training table is constructed with an independent flame study, and the trained networks are used in LES of turbulent Flame–Vortex Interaction (FVI) studies at different equivalence ratios and turbulence levels. It is shown that once the ANN is well trained, it can successfully predict the reaction rates in both memory and time efficient manner compared to traditional look-up table approach and stiff ODE solvers, respectively.
Effect of (+)-catechin on purified prolyl hydroxylase and on collagen synthesis in skin fibroblasts in culture.

The flavonoid, (+)-catechin. inhibited the activity of purified rabbit prolyl hydroxylase, or the crude enzyme present in liver homogenate. (+)-Catechin at a concentration of 10−4 M inhibited both forms of enzyme 50 percent. The inhibition was partially reversed when excessive amounts of Fe2+ (10−3 M) or ascorbate (10−2 M) were added to the reaction mixture. A higher recovery of the original activity was obtained when Fe2+ and ascorbate were added together to the same inhibited system. In addition, (+)-catechin revealed a competitive type of inhibition with respect to varying concentrations of enzyme. These results suggest that the drug and the enzyme compete for the free-radicals produced by the interaction of Fe2+, ascorbate and molecular oxygen. The effects of (+)-catechin on collagen synthesis and on proline hydroxylation were examined in confluent cultures of human skin fibroblasts. The activity of prolyl hydroxylase was significantly (P < 0.01) reduced (50 percent of the control) when the cells were incubated for 7 hrs in the presence of 2 × 10−4 M (+)-catechin. When exposed to the same inhibitor concentration for 24 hr, collagen, and non-collagen, protein synthesis, as measured by the collagenase digestion method, were also significantly reduced (P < 0.01). However, the significant (P < 0.01) decrease in the proportion of collagen synthesized to total protein showed that the drug is more effective on the pathway of collagen production. The ratio of hydroxyproline/proline in total protein was also significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in the cultures exposed to (+)-catechin (2 × 10−4 M) for 24 hr.
On the genus of the graph Kn × K2 or the n-prism

Abstract For all n ≠ 5 or 9 (mod 12) the genus of the graph Kn × K2 is shown to be equal to the lower bound given by the Euler formula.
WIND TUNNEL TESTING OF A HIGH AUTHORITY AIRSPEED INSENSITIVE ROTOR BLADE FLAP

A viable active rotor blade flap system for vibration control needs to address the actuator authority, the sensitivity of flap pitch deflections to changes in angle of attack, aerodynamic moments generated by flap deflections themselves and inertial moments due to blade plunge motions. This paper presents the experimental wind tunnel results of a new active rotor blade flap system that has the potential to overcome these problems. This active rotor blade flap system is insensitive to airspeed, angle of attack changes and plunge motions because of a novel high authority actuation system, C-blocks, and the utilization of a mass and aerodynamically balanced flap. C-block actuators are curved piezoelectric benders which can provide over twice the force of comparable straight benders without requiring the use of external leveraging systems necessary with piezoelectric stacks. The initial wind tunnel results proved that the use of C-block actuators and a mass and aerodynamically balanced flap can generate flap deflections in excess of 17” pealc-topeak that are independent of airspeed. Additionally, it was proven that the C-block driven flap is capable of creating pitch changes of the entire rotor blade section demonstrating potential for full flight control.
Positive Parenting of Young Adolescents by Male Cohabiting Partners: The Roles of Coparenting Conflict and Support.

Fathers have often been ignored in the parenting literature. The current study focused on male cohabiting partners (MCPs) who can serve as “social stepfathers” and examined the association of copar...
Comparison of mitral valve dimensions in adults with valvular aortic stenosis, pure aortic regurgitation and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Abstract To assess the effect of left ventricular dilatation on mitral valve size, this study compared the dimensions of the mitral valve in patients with aortic valve disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC). A total of 216 valves, removed at operation or necropsy, was analyzed by quantitative morphometric methods from: (1) 2 patient groups with dilated left ventricular cavities (i.e., 17 patients with dilated valvular aortic stenosis [AS] and 31 with pure aortic regurgitation), (2) 2 patient groups without dilated left ventricular cavities (i.e., 29 patients with nondilated AS and 94 with HC), and (3) 45 control subjects without heart disease. Mean mitral leaflet areas in patients with AS with dilated left ventricular cavities (13.1 ± 3.0 cm 2 ) and aortic regurgitation (12.0 ± 3.6 cm 2 ) were significantly greater than in control subjects (8.7 ± 2.0 cm 2 ; p without dilated left ventricular cavities (9.8 ± 2.0 cm 2 ) were similar to those of normal valves (p = NS). However, mean mitral leaflet area in patients with HC, in whom left ventricular cavities were also nondilated, was significantly greater (12.8 ± 3.7 cm 2 ) than in those with nondilated AS and in normal subjects (p Therefore, increased mitral leaflet area: (1) is often present in patients with aortic valve disease with dilated left ventricles in whom it appears to be secondary to left ventricular chamber dilatation; and (2) cannot be attributed to left ventricular cavity dilatation in patients with HC, since their cavities were of normal or small size. Thus, increased mitral leaflet area in HC, which is considered to be a primary myocardial and not valvular disease, may be due to a primary effect on the mitral valve.
A Diverse Assemblage of Indole-3-Acetic Acid Producing Bacteria Associate with Unicellular Green Algae

Microalgae have tremendous potential as a renewable feedstock for the production of liquid transportation fuels. In natural waters, the importance of physical associations and biochemical interactions between microalgae and bacteria is generally well appreciated, but the significance of these interactions to algal biofuels production have not been investigated. Here, we provide a preliminary report on the frequency of co-occurrence between indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-producing bacteria and green algae in natural and engineered ecosystems. Growth experiments with unicellular algae, Chlorella and Scenedesmus, revealed IAA concentration-dependent responses in chlorophyll content and dry weight. Importantly, discrete concentrations of IAA resulted in cell culture synchronization, suggesting that biochemical priming of cellular metabolism could vastly improve the reliability of high density cultivation. Bacterial interactions may have an important influence on algal growth and development; thus, the preservation or engineered construction of the algal–bacterial assembly could serve as a control point for achieving low input, reliable production of algal biofuels.
Polymerized bicontinuous cubic nanoparticles (cubosomes) from a reactive monoacylglycerol.

Bicontinuous cubic phases of monoacylglycerides/Poloxamer 407 (PEO98PPO67PEO98)/water can be dispersed into submicron particles, which are termed “cubosomes”. Technological applications of these nanoparticles may be possible, if their nonlamellar architecture can be rendered more robust. To accomplish this goal, a polymerizable heterobifunctional monoacylglycerol, 3-(2,4,13-(E,E)-tetradecatrienoyl)-sn-glycerol (1), was synthesized and combined with water to form an optically transparent gel. In the presence of Poloxamer 407 and excess water the cubic phase of 1 was dispersed by ultrasonication into 300-nm diameter nanoparticles. The polymerization of these reactive cubosomes could be initiated either by the use of a photoinitiator or with redox chemistry. The polymerized cubosomes remained stable even after the addition of excess Triton X-100, in a manner consistent with executing cross-linking in the nanostructures.
Economics of Social Capital: Implications for Organizational Performance:

The problem and the solution. The role of social interactions and relationships at the individual, group/team, and organizational levels is becoming increasingly significant in today's workplace. Relationships in an organization may provide some unplanned opportunities, and social capital is considered a new tool with which to increase organizational performance. As a relatively new concept, social capital is still at the exploratory stage for human resource development professionals and researchers. However, social capital has yet to be explored from an economics perspective. This article aims to examine the economics of social capital and the implications for organizational performance.
Thalamic deficiency in norepinephrine release detected via intracerebral microdialysis: a synaptic determinant of seizure predisposition in the genetically epilepsy-prone rat

Seizure predisposition in the genetically epilepsy-prone rat (GEPR) is caused by a combination of central nervous system abnormalities including deficiencies in the number of noradrenergic terminals and in the amount of norepinephrine (NE) released per terminal. Heretofore, estimates of a synaptic deficiency in NE concentration have been obtained from indirect indices. The present study uses intracerebral microdialysis to provide a direct demonstration of deficiency in extracellular NE levels in the GEPR brain. Under anesthesia, guide cannulae were stereotaxically placed over thalami of severe seizure GEPRs (GEPR-9s) and non-epileptic control rats. After recovery from surgery, dialysis probes were inserted intrathalamically and the animals were allowed to move about freely. Artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) was perfused at 1 microliter/min and 30-min samples were collected for analysis on HPLC with electrochemical detection. Desipramine (5 microM in ACSF for 2 h), yohimbine (5 microM in ACSF for 2 h) or KCl (100 mM in ACSF for 1 h) was administered through the dialysis fiber after a stable NE baseline was established. Significantly diminished in vivo NE release from the thalamus was seen in response to all treatments in GEPR-9s when compared with non-epileptic controls. These observations coupled with earlier findings of deficits in postsynaptic receptor density and signal transduction support the hypothesis that noradrenergic transmission in the GEPR contributes to seizure predisposition through a failure to provide a normal level of protection against seizure initiation and spread.
Spectroscopic observation of RNA chaperone activities of Hfq in post-transcriptional regulation by a small non-coding RNA

Hfq protein is vital for the function of many non-coding small (s)RNAs in bacteria but the mechanism by which Hfq facilitates the function of sRNA is still debated. We developed a fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay to probe how Hfq modulates the interaction between a sRNA, DsrA, and its regulatory target mRNA, rpoS. The relevant RNA fragments were labelled so that changes in intra- and intermolecular RNA structures can be monitored in real time. Our data show that Hfq promotes the strand exchange reaction in which the internal structure of rpoS is replaced by pairing with DsrA such that the Shine-Dalgarno sequence of the mRNA becomes exposed. Hfq appears to carry out strand exchange by inducing rapid association of DsrA and a premelted rpoS and by aiding in the slow disruption of the rpoS secondary structure. Unexpectedly, Hfq also disrupts a preformed complex between rpoS and DsrA. While it may not be a frequent event in vivo, this melting activity may have implications in the reversal of sRNA-based regulation. Overall, our data suggests that Hfq not only promotes strand exchange by binding rapidly to both DsrA and rpoS but also possesses RNA chaperoning properties that facilitates dynamic RNA-RNA interactions.
Training a functional skill cluster: Nutritious meal planning within a budget, grocery list writing, and shopping

Five rehabilitation clients were trained to use written prompts to (a) plan nutritious meals for 1 week, (b) write accurate grocery lists based on their menus, (c) stay within a $25.00 weekly food budget, and (d) shop effectively and systematically. Training occurred in a classroom using group instruction for the first three response classes above. The shopping response classes were trained in a community grocery store. Training consisted of experimenter modeling, subject rehearsal, as well as experimenter and peer feedback in a multiple probe design. Subjects' meal plans were nutritionally deficient in three of the four food groups during baseline, but met or exceeded the four food group criterion after instruction. Grocery list writing skills improved from a mean of less than 30% correct during baseline to more than 90% correct after training. Similarly, subjects' grocery lists cost an average of 72% over the $25.00 budget before training, and 19% under the budget after training. Subjects' mean percent of effective and systematic shopping increased to 91% and 100%, respectively, following instruction. Generalization of shopping skills from the training store to two stores in which no training occurred was observed. Follow-up tests for all subjects as well as community probes for two subjects living independently showed that all skills maintained at acceptable levels.
Does Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Affect Post-Treatment Methamphetamine Use?

Objective: Although trauma is a well-established risk factor for substance use disorders, little is known about the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and treatment outcomes among methamphetamine users. In the present study, we examine the relationship between PTSD and post-treatment methamphetamine use outcomes, hospitalizations, and overall psychiatric impairment. Methods: Using data from 526 adults in the largest psychosocial clinical trial of methamphetamine users conducted to date, this study examined (a) treatment outcomes of methamphetamine users with concomitant PTSD 3 years after psychosocial treatment for methamphetamine dependence and (b) PTSD symptom clusters as risk factors for post-treatment relapse to methamphetamine use. Results: PTSD was associated with poorer methamphetamine use outcomes; methamphetamine use frequency throughout the 3-year follow-up was significantly greater among individuals with a PTSD diagnosis, and those with PTSD had more than five times the od...
Computing part hierarchies of 3D object shape from metric and nonmetric surface representations

Hierarchical representation of three dimensional (3D) object shape has been based on different levels of resolution. This paper introduces a representational hierarchy that is based on the connectedness and neighborliness of object shape expressed through topologies on the bounding surface with increasing strength. The topology at the object part level is weaker than at the level of simply connected elliptic, parabolic, plane and hyperbolic regions and the strongest topology is given by the classical topology for smooth surfaces. This provides a unified view on the representation of three-dimensional object shape for recognition. The open sets have a natural interpretation in the context of object recognition and relate to different types of recognition processes. More elaborate descriptions are naturally obtained by the introduction of additional structure, such as affine and metric. Qualitative shape features are defined at each level of the hierarchy their usefulness and limitation for shape discrimination is discussed. The possibility of deriving the topologies from ordinal structure is considered and examples of object description presented.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
En-case-ing the Patient: Disciplining Uncertainty in Medical Student Patient Presentations

The problem-oriented medical record is the widespread, standardized format for presenting and recording information about patients, which is taught to future physicians early in their medical training. Based on our participant observation of medical training, we analyze the ways in which the patient presentation operates in medical training as a disciplinary technology that manages uncertainty in the clinical decision-making process. We uncover various mechanisms at work including the construction of a coherent narrative structure in which chaotic experiences are re-organized and re-interpreted to fit neatly in a linear plot with a predictable ending, the atomization of the patient as a whole into separable “problems,” the attempt to solve these “problems” as though they are independent of one another, and the mystification of translations in scale, which give rise to much of the uncertainty in medicine. Operating at the boundary of the chaotic and often ungraspable world of the suffering experience of the patient and the highly structured realm of the medical record, a patient presentation is one medium through which both a disciplined record of experience and disciplined medical practitioners are produced. This process functions to transform the human subject patient into a recognizable, generic clinical case, and the medical student into an identifiable, professional future physician.
Current FDA-Related Drug Information: Approvals, Submission, and Important LabelingChanges for US Marketed Pharmaceuticals.

Director, Drug Information Center, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University Spokane, PO Box 1495, Spokane, WA 99210-1495. This monthly feature will help readers keep current on new drugs, new indications, dosage forms, and safety-related changes in labeling or use. Efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of this information; however, if there are any questions, please let me know at danial.baker@wsu.edu.
BUYING A BEAUTY STANDARD OR DREAMING OF A NEW LIFE? EXPECTATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH MEDIA IDEALS

This study explored college women's ideas regarding how their lives would change if their appearance were consistent with a media-supported female beauty ideal. Participants rated self-generated life changes they associated with looking like a media ideal in terms of likelihood and positivity. Women's tendency to link positive and likely life expectations with looking like the media ideal was significantly associated with both internalization of media ideals and appearance-related dissatisfaction. However, internalization fully mediated the relationship between expectations and appearance-related dissatisfaction. Results are discussed in terms of implications for understanding the nature of internalization and implications for the design of programs targeted at reducing appearance-related dissatisfaction and eating disordered behaviors.
Performance optimization of a battery-capacitor hybrid system

The effect of operating parameters such as the duty ratio, the pulse frequency and design parameters (the capacitor configuration index) on the performance of a battery/hybrid system were studied in detail. The highest value of the fractional capacity increase was observed at duty ratios of 0.2–0.3 depending on the frequency of operation. The increase of the discharge capacity of the hybrid system was limited above the maximum Eigen frequency. The hybrid system has smaller internal ohmic losses when compared to the battery. Higher power can be withdrawn from the hybrid system which has the same energy as that of the battery. However when compared on a mass basis, the Ragone plots indicated that the hybrid has lower power and energy densities. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Three-Component Competitive Adsorption Model for Flow-Through PAC Systems. 1. Model Development and Verification with a PAC/Membrane System

Natural organic matter (NOM) interferes with the adsorption of trace organic compounds on porous adsorbents such as powdered activated carbon (PAC) by pore blockage and direct competition for adsorption sites. The competitive effect of NOM in flow-through systems in which the retention time of the PAC is greater than the hydraulic retention time of the system can be magnified because NOM from the influent water can continue to adsorb on the PAC retained in the system. As a result, the adsorption capacity and the diffusion coefficient of trace compounds can decrease as NOM from the influent water accumulates. In this study, a dynamic three-component adsorption model was developed to quantitatively describe the removal of a trace compound from water in flow-through PAC processes. The system was simplified by using p-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB) to represent the NOM fraction that competes directly with the target trace organic atrazine for adsorption sites and by using poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS-1.8k) to represent large, pore-blocking NOM. The model was based on the homogeneous surface diffusion assumption with the adsorption capacity of atrazine being gradually adjusted using a simplified version of the ideal adsorbed solution theory model developed in this study. The surface diffusion coefficients of atrazine and p-DCB were modeled as a function of the surface concentration of the pore-blocking compound, PSS-1.8k. The model was verified experimentally with a PAC/microfiltration (MF) system. The use of single-solute adsorption parameters obtained from batch isotherm and kinetic tests resulted in good model predictions for the adsorption of atrazine and the two model compounds under operating conditions typical of PAC/MF systems. The model will be applied to study various operating conditions and other system parameters of PAC/membrane systems in part 2 of this study.
Hepatic Arterial Nodal Metastases in Pancreatic Cancer: Is This the Node of Importance?

The hepatic artery lymph node (HALN) is frequently sampled during pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Data suggest that survival in the setting of HALN metastases is similar to that of stage IV pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The objectives of this study were to describe the prognostic significance of HALN metastases and to assess the predictive performance of HALN compared to peripancreatic lymph node status. Patients undergoing PD for PDAC from January 2000–October 2010 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Patients were included if during PD the HALN was submitted for pathologic evaluation. Patients were excluded if margins were macroscopically positive, if pathology was found to be consistent with a diagnosis other than PDAC. Overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were estimated by Kaplan–Meier methods. Of the 671 patients who underwent PD for PDAC, HALN status was analyzed for 147 patients. HALN was positive in 23 patients (16 %), 38 were peripancreatic lymph node (PPLN) and HALN negative, and 86 were PPLN+/HALN−. Median follow-up for survivors was 10 months. In a multivariable model, lymph node status and tumor differentiation predicted OS and DFS. Hazard of death and relapse/death were highest among the HALN+ patients (hazard ratio [HR] 2.94; p = 0.017 and HR 2.66; p = 0.011, respectively). Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed significant differences in OS (p = 0.017) and DFS (p = 0.013) based on lymph node status. OS and DFS are significantly reduced in patients with a positive HALN. Differentiation and lymph node status were predictors of OS and DFS. In the multivariate models, differentiation and lymph node status remain independent predictors of OS and DFS.
Resource-Aware Throughput Optimization for High-Level Synthesis

With the emergence of robust high-level synthesis tools to automatically transform codes written in high-level languages into RTL implementations, the programming productivity when synthesising accelerators improves significantly. However, although the state-of-the-art high-level synthesis tools can offer high-quality designs for simple nested loop kernels, there is still a significant performance gap between the synthesized and the optimal design for real world complex applications with multiple loops. In this work we first demonstrate that maximizing the throughput of each individual loop is not always the most efficient approach to achieving the maximum system-level throughput. More area efficient non-fully pipelined design variants may outperform the fully-pipelined version by enabling larger degrees of parallelism. We develop an algorithm to determine the optimal resource usage and initiation intervals for each loop in the applications to achieve maximum throughput within a given area budget. We report experimental results on eight applications, showing an average of 31% performance speedup over state-of-the-art HLS solutions.
Violent Youth in Boot Camps for Non-Violent Offenders

The present study was designed to examine what sociodemographic and criminogenic factors discriminate between inmates in a boot camp for non-violent offenders who commit crimes against persons and other offenders. This boot camp was for first-admissions to the Department of Correction in Arkansas, and self-report data indicated that 69 percent of those inmates had 3 or more violent offenses prior to entering boot camp. Stepwise discriminant analysis indicated that the order of entry (from highest to lowest) of discriminators of violence was carrying a weapon, peer association with persons who engage in violence, more alcohol consumption, attempted suicide, younger age, use of amphetamines, persons of color, feelings of alienation, low self-esteem, and unprotected sex. The intervention implications of these findings were discussed.
Preliminary Observations on a Second Mr∼24,000 Membrane Molecule from Rat Spermatozoa

Preliminary data are presented to show that the integral membrane glycoprotein found on rat cauda epididymal spermatozoa is one of two Mr = approximately 24,000 molecules that are associated with sperm membranes. The second molecule can be differentiated from the glycoprotein by a variety of antibodies and can be shown to be present in spermatozoa and in residual bodies present in the epididymal fluid. The second molecule can be localized immunocytochemically in spermatids and Leydig cells in the testis.
RFP Plasma Performance in the F-Θ Pumping Experiments on ZT-40M

Plasma performance in the F -Θ pumping condition has been studied on the reversed field pinch (RFP) device ZT-40M. Compared with an un-modulated case, slight changes of plasma parameters are found for the case of current drive phasing. On the other hand, the increases in radiated power and impurity intensity, and the decreases in plasma current and soft X ray intensity are observed for the anti-drive phasing. Changes of effective minor radius, inferred internal structures and phases between various plasma parameters during modulation are also studied. Frequency spectra up to the 10th harmonic of the driving frequency (1.3 and 2 kHz) are investigated. The fast penetration (>10 kHz) of changes of plasma parameters to the central region and the increased impurity and soft X ray intensities with an increase in the frequency are found.
The effect of copper content and microstructure on the hydrogen embrittlement of AI-6Zn-2Mg alloys

Two commercially-processed Al-6Zn-2Mg alloys, 7050 and a “low copper” 7050, were tested for susceptibility to embrittlement by precharged hydrogen and by simultaneous cathodic charging and straining (SET procedure). Specimens were heat treated to underaged, peak-strength aged, and overaged conditions. In 7050, the peak strength and overaged conditions were not embrittled by hydrogen, though underaged material showed marked embrittlement. All microstructures tested for the low-copper alloy were embrittled. The results agree with the microstructural rationale established through earlier work on 7075 and 2124 aluminum alloys, particularly with respect to the susceptibility of underaged material to hydrogen. As in earlier work, the extent of dislocation transport of hydrogen, and local hydrogen accumulation at grain boundaries, evidently controlled the extent and degree of brittle fracture. These three important alloys can now be ranked in the order 7050, 2124, 7075 of increasing relative susceptibility to theonset of stress corrosion cracking.
Decreasing Heart Failure Revisits

Heart failure (HF) is a complex medical condition that is associated with a high rate of HF-related revisits (emergency department and HF hospitalization). Heart failure revisits are associated with worse clinical outcomes and are under scrutiny because of rules imposed by the US Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Hospital Value Based Purchasing program. Many program models and individual strategies have been tested as methods to decrease HF revisits. Many models use similar themes; however, interventions are not always well described in the literature, care providers vary and most programs used a bundled intervention approach, making it difficult to determine the value of specific interventions. Since many program models and strategies did not have strong evidence of effectiveness, more research is needed to decrease HF-related revisits. In this article, programs and strategies designed to decrease HF revisits will be described and discussed from a global perspective.
Serum potassium is not associated with blood pressure tracking in the Framingham heart study

Abstract Background Abnormal potassium homeostasis accompanies many secondary forms of hypertension as well as uncommon inherited, monogenic forms of hypertension. We hypothesized that serum potassium may be associated with longitudinal tracking of blood pressure (BP) and development of hypertension. Methods A total of 2358 participants (1292 women, 1066 men) in the Framingham Heart Study who were free of hypertension, were not taking drugs affecting potassium homeostasis, and had serum potassium measured in 1979 to 1983 were followed for longitudinal tracking of BP and development of hypertension at examination 4 years later. Progression of BP stage was defined as an increment of one or more BP category, as defined by the sixth report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC-VI), between baseline and follow-up examinations. Results At baseline, there were no differences in systolic or diastolic BP across serum potassium quartiles. Over 4 years of follow up, 37% (457 women, 412 men) of subjects progressed by one or more JNC-VI BP category. In a logistic regression model adjusting for multiple confounders, serum potassium quartile was not associated with risk of BP progression. During follow-up, 14% (162 women, 175 men) of subjects progressed to hypertension. After adjustment for multiple confounders, there was no significant association between serum potassium quartile and risk for progression to hypertension. Conclusions In our community-based study sample, serum potassium was not associated with current BP, longitudinal BP tracking, or progression to hypertension.
The rapid advance and slow retreat of a mushy zone

We discuss a model for the evolution of a mushy zone which forms during the solidification of a binary alloy cooled from below in a tank with finite height. Our focus is on behaviours of the system that do not appear when either a semi-infinite domain or negligible solute diffusion is assumed. The problem is simplified through an assumption of negligible latent heat, and we develop a numerical scheme that will permit insights that are critical for developing a more general procedure. We demonstrate that a mushy zone initially grows rapidly, then slows down and eventually retreats slowly. The mushy zone vanishes after a long time, as it is overtaken by a slowly growing solid region at the base of the tank.
Enhancing Phonological Awareness, Print Awareness, and Oral Language Skills in Preschool Children.

The preschool years are critical to the development of emergent literacy skills that will ensure a smooth transition into formal reading. Phonological awareness, print awareness, and oral language development are three areas associated with emergent literacy that play a crucial role in the acquisition of reading. This article presents an overview of these critical components of emergent literacy. The overview includes a brief review of recent research and provides strategies for developing phonological awareness, print awareness, and oral language in the preschool classroom.
Media Frames for Black Bear Management Stories during Issue Emergence in New York

We completed a content analysis of newspaper, radio, and television reports (n = 117) available to people in New York State between January 1999 and March 2002, to characterize how news stories differed with regard to problem identification, attributions of responsibility, and proposed solutions to black bear management problems. Nearly all reports could be characterized as episodic rather than thematic (i.e., focused on specific events rather than general outcomes or conditions). Reports identified few bear-related problems, suggested few solutions to problems, and tended to attribute responsibility for solving problems to individuals, not government agencies. We suggest that wildlife managers make efforts to raise stakeholder awareness about a wider array of bear–human interactions and effects of interactions than are reported by mass media as management issues emerge. By improving media relations plans and investing in stakeholder issue education, wildlife agencies can enable communities to create fram...
Decreased striatal D2 dopamine receptor mRNA synthesis during aging

Decreases in striatal dopamine receptors during aging are related to deficits in motor functions, and are highly correlated with the D2 receptor subtype. Some receptor loss is attributed to cell death, while the remainder is thought to be related to synthetic capacity. We discuss here our findings, for isolated rat striatal nuclei, which indicate a 50% overall decrease in the synthesis of the dopamine D2 mRNA in aged nuclei.
Centhaquin antinociception in mice is mediated by α2A- and α2B- but not α2C-adrenoceptors.

The use of clonidine as a primary and adjuvant analgesic is well-documented. It is known that imidazoline and α2-adrenoceptors are involved in clonidine antinociception. Clonidine also produces antihypertensive actions mediated through the central nervous system. We have reported that centhaquin, a centrally-acting anti-hypertensive drug produces its hypotensive effect through a mechanism of action similar to clonidine. Centhaquin has also been shown to possess significant antinociceptive activity. Centhaquin antinociception is partially blocked by yohimbine, idazoxan, and naloxone; however, the involvement of specific adrenoceptor subtypes (α2A, α2B, or α2C) in centhaquin antinociception is unknown. The present study was conducted to determine antinociceptive properties of centhaquin citrate, a water soluble salt of centhaquin, and involvement of α2A-, α2B-, or α2C-adrenoceptors in centhaquin citrate antinociception in mice. BRL-44408 (α2A-adrenoceptor antagonist), imiloxan (α2B-adrenoceptor antagonist) and JP-1302 (α2C-adrenoceptor antagonist) were used to determine the involvement of α2A-, α2B-, or α2C-adrenoceptors, respectively. Antinociceptive (tail-flick and hot-plate) latencies were determined in male Swiss-Webster mice treated with centhaquin citrate alone and in combination with BRL-44408, imiloxan, or JP-1302. Centhaquin citrate produced significant antinociception in mice (P 0.05) but blocked by BRL-44408 (tail-flick test: 49.75% decrease, P<0.05; hot-plate test: 49.12% decrease, P<0.05) and imiloxan (tail-flick test: 46.98% decrease, P<0.05; hot-plate test: 46.42% decrease, P<0.05). This is the first report demonstrating centhaquin citrate antinociception and its blockade by BRL-44408 and imiloxan. We conclude that α2A and α2B but not α2C adrenoceptors are involved in centhaquin antinociception in mice.
Slow quasiregular mappings and universal coverings

We define slow quasiregular mappings and study cohomology and universal coverings of closed manifolds receiving slow quasiregular mappings. We show that closed manifolds receiving a slow quasiregular mapping from a punctured ball have the de Rham cohomology type of either Sn or Sn-1×S1. We also show that in the case of manifolds of the cohomology type of Sn-1×S1, the universal covering of the manifold has exactly two ends, and the lift of the slow mapping into the universal covering has a removable singularity at the point of punctuation. We also obtain exact growth bounds and a global homeomorphism–type theorem for slow quasiregular mappings into the manifolds of the cohomology type Sn-1×S1
New experimental studies to directly measure aspiration efficiencies of aerosol samplers in calm air

Abstract Typical air movements in many indoor living and working places are as low as, or less than, 0.1 m / s , and so conditions might best be described in terms of calm, as opposed to moving air—or perhaps some combination of the two. However, the history of aerosol sampling science has been dominated by studies of the aspiration efficiencies of sampling devices in moving air, and there have been very few definitive studies of calm air sampling, even for very simple sampling systems. With this in mind, this paper sets out the basis for the development of a larger body of experimental work, and describes an experimental method by which unambiguous measurements may be made for a range of simple aerosol sampling systems (i.e., shape and orientation). The method, referred to as the “direct method”, owes much to the ‘thread-of-droplets’ approach proposed by Lipatov et al. (J. Aerosol Sci. 17 (1986) 763) for studies of aspiration efficiency in moving air. In the new method, monodisperse large droplets of olive oil with aerodynamic diameter in the range from 40 to 70 μm , were generated using a vibrating orifice aerosol generator and the experimental conditions were controlled very carefully so that a well-defined, vertically-falling droplet stream was obtained. By the application of appropriate tracking apparatus, visual observation of this droplet stream was used to map the pattern of particle trajectories near a given sampling inlet and to identify limiting particle trajectories in order to calculate aspiration efficiency. In an initial application of the new method, measurements of aspiration efficiency were carried out for upwards-facing thin-walled sampling tubes, and the results were found to be in satisfying agreement with the numerical results of Agarwal and Liu (1980, in the Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 41 (1980) 191) and the numerical and experimental results of Yoshida et al. (Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu 4 (1978) 123). The results of this initial study provide confidence that the method described may now be applied to a wider range of sampling systems.
Mechanical properties of polycrystalline erbium from 77 ° to 750 °K☆

Abstract The flow-stress temperature dependence, strain-rate sensitivity, strain-hardening exponent, and ductility of erbium were determined from 77 ° to 750 °K at strain rates of 0.002, 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 min−1. The results are presented and comparisons of the properties of erbium with those of other low- c a h.c.p. metals are discussed.