cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antenna-in-Package Integration for a Wideband Scalable 5G Millimeter-Wave Phased-Array Module

This work introduces a multilayered organic package with embedded antennas that enables the integration of a scalable wideband phased array module supporting the n257, n258, and n261 5G frequency bands (24.25–29.5 GHz). The package comprises: 1) an $8\times 8$ array of dual-polarized antenna elements with 5.1-mm spacing; 2) RF, intermediate frequency (IF), dc, and digital interconnects to support radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs), filters, and combiners; and 3) a ball-grid array (BGA); it is implemented in a compact 42.5 mm $\times 42.5$ mm $\times 1.65$ mm form factor. The design achieves wideband operation with a minimal cost or a complexity overhead (e.g., air cavities or additional substrates) by integrating a novel magnetoelectric dipole antenna in the package. Direct probing and radiation pattern measurements of three antenna variants in two prototype antenna array packages demonstrate >6-GHz bandwidth with 0–5-dBi gain. Measurement results for associated liquid crystal polymer-based bandpass filters and power combiners are also presented.
Abstract TP489: Microglia Involved in Soluble Endoglin-Induced Brain Vascular Malformation

Introduction: Microglia are closely communicating with endothelial cells and involved in cerebrovascular disease. In brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM), microglia are highly detected in the va...
Security of DBMSs

Database management systems utilize various security measures but still have some known weaknesses. A security risk of ADABAS occurs from direct calls to the database from an unauthorized third-generation language program. Adaptive Server Enterprise is weak against denial of service attacks. Advantage Database Server security issue results from dynamic-link library injections. Access security weakness is the result of the use of macros. InterBase’s built-in backdoor left databases vulnerable for full access to the system. Other security risks will be discussed for Datacom, FileMaker, Integrated Database Management System, Informix, Ingres, InterSystems Cache, and SQL Server.
Narrow linewidth 80 W tunable thulium-doped fiber laser

Abstract We describe the design and characterization of a tunable narrow linewidth thulium-doped fiber laser source which combines a core-pumped preamplifier and high power cladding-pumped amplifier, providing >80 W average power. The single-frequency wavelength output from 1.92 um to 2.01 µm is digitally tunable to target specific atmospheric absorption and transmission windows for applications targeting atmospheric transmission at 2 µm. Results from preliminary thermal blooming studies are presented.
Isoelectric Focusing of Microbial Proteins

The application of isoelectric focusing for the isolation and characterization of microbial proteins is increasing slowly. While such methods as electrophoresis, chromatography, ultracentrifugation, as well as fractionation of microbial proteins by salts and organic solvents are all occupying a prominent place in analytical biochemistry, today isoelectric focusing ranks as one of the leading tools in the analytical laboratory. The real strength of isoelectric focusing lies in its ability to provide separation, quantitation, and characterization of quite closely related amphoteric compounds. Proteins varying by as little as 0.02 pH units at their isoelectric point have been clearly resolved.
Life without RNAi: noncoding RNAs and their functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

There are a number of well-characterized and fundamental roles for noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in gene regulation in all kingdoms of life. ncRNAs, such as ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, small nuclear RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, and small interfering RNAs, can serve catalytic and scaffolding functions in transcription, messenger RNA processing, translation, and RNA degradation. Recently, our understanding of gene expression has been dramatically challenged by the identification of large and diverse populations of novel ncRNAs in the eukaryotic genomes surveyed thus far. Studies carried out using the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicate that at least some coding genes are regulated by these novel ncRNAs. S. cerevisiae lacks RNA interference (RNAi) and, thus, provides an ideal system for studying the RNAi-independent mechanisms of ncRNA-based gene regulation. The current picture of gene regulation is one of great unknowns, in which the transcriptional environment surrounding a given locus may have as ...
Isolation, characterization, and structural organization of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase from spinach leaves

One-carbon metabolism mediated by folate coenzymes plays an essential role in several major cellular processes. In the prokaryotes studied, three folate-dependent enzymes, 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (EC 6.3.4.3), 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase (EC 3.5.4.9), and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.1.5) generally exist as monofunctional or bifunctional proteins, whereas in eukaryotes the three activities are present on one polypeptide. The structural organization of these enzymes in plants had not previously been examined. We have purified the 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase activity from spinach leaves to homogeneity and raised antibodies to it. The protein was a dimer with a subunit molecular weight of Mr = 67,000. The Km values for the three substrates, (6R)-tetrahydrofolate, ATP, and formate were 0.94, 0.043, and 21.9 mM, respectively. The enzyme required both monovalent and divalent cations for maximum activity. The 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase and 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase activities of spinach coeluted separately from the 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase activity on a Matrex Green-A column. On the same column, the activities of the yeast trifunctional C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase coeluted. In addition, antibodies raised to the purified spinach protein immunoinactivated and immunoprecipitated only the 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase activity in a crude extract of spinach leaves. These results suggest that unlike the trifunctional form of C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase in the other eukaryotes examined, 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase in spinach leaves is monofunctional and 5,10-methyl-enetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase and 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase appear to be bifunctional. Although structurally dissimilar to the other eukaryotic trifunctional enzymes, the 35 amino-terminal residues of spinach 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase showed 35% identity with six other tetrahydrofolate synthetases.
Constructing Hidden Variables in Bayesian Networks via Conceptual Clustering.

This paper describes a learning algorithm for constructing Bayesian networks. A major feature of this approach is the use of conceptual clustering to construct hidden variables in the network. These ideas have been implemented in a system called Tantra.
Chemosensory G-protein-coupled receptor signaling in the brain.

Publisher Summary This chapter outlines the chemosensory G-Protein coupled receptor signaling in the brain. The brain is highly representative of the full spectrum of G-protein coupled-receptor regulation throughout the body. The brain contains all the master regulatory feedback and control mechanisms in the body that manage vision, taste, odor sensing, fluid balance, reproduction, emotions, memory, pain, sleep cycle, and appetite, with G-protein coupled receptors and their respective G-proteins being the true arbiters of all the effectors involved in these human functions. The chapter outlines the chemosensing G-protein coupled receptors in the brain, such as (1) odorant and pheromone smell receptors, (2) pheromones and the vomeronasal system, and (3) umami and glutamate taste receptors. In an unexpected location, the taste receptors could transduce chemosensory stimuli for modulating respiration and digestion. The taste receptors are appearing complex with patterns of gene expression among the taste receptors that suggests other potential major or minor pathways of execution. Future work is needed to correlate the physiological response results with molecularly typed single-cell studies that look at native taste receptor cells from a homologous receptor perspective.
Fuel Used to Accelerate Vehicles from Rest to Cruising Speeds

This research was performed to experimentally determine how the amount of fuel used to accelerate an initially stationary vehicle to a constant cruising speed depends on the acceleration level. Initially stationary vehicles were accelerated at different rates to a constant cruising speed on a test track, and the amounts of fuel used to travel a fixed distance from the starting point were measured. By subtracting the amount of fuel that would have been required to travel this same distance at the cruising speed from the measured amounts, estimates of the additional fuel used to accelerate from standstill to the cruising speed were obtained. These estimates were then examined as a function of acceleration level, which was characterized by the time taken to reach the cruising speed.
Genistein, but not estradiol, inhibits MMP-9 secretion by mammary cancer cells

3895 Evidence suggests Asian women who consume diets rich in soy have lower incidence of metastatic breast cancer. Soy provides several bioactive compounds including the isoflavones that are structurally similar to estradiol. Extracellular matrix (ECM) digesting enzymes, such as the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), that are secreted by tumor cells attack the basement membrane and other ECM components to allow cancer invasion into neighboring tissues and organs thereby leading to metastasis. We hypothesize that genistein, the primary isoflavone in soy, reduced mammary cancer metastasis by inhibiting secretion of MMP-9. To test this hypothesis we used MCF-7 mammary tumor cells stimulated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), and quantified MMP-9 (92 kDa) in conditioned media by gelatin zymography. We empirically determined that our MCF-7 cells expressed estrogen receptors and cell proliferation was increased by estradiol added to estrogen-depleted media. Cells were plated in media containing 10% serum and incubated until near confluence. After washing, cells were incubated overnight in serum-free media without phenol red. They were then incubated in the same media containing 162 nM TPA with 0, 0.1, 1, 10, 25, or 50 μM genistein or 0, 0.001, 0.010, 0.100, 1 or 10 nM estradiol. Conditioned media were collected after 12-24 hours and analyzed by zymography. The results were verified by Western immunoblot using an antibody specific for MMP-9. Cells not exposed to TPA did not secrete MMP-9. Incubation of cells with genistein resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of MMP-9 secretion. Estradiol however did not inhibit MMP-9 secretion at any concentration. These results suggest the estrogen receptor is not involved in MMP-9 secretion in MCF-7 mammary tumor cells. Genistein was a potent inhibitor of MMP-9 secretion in these cells however, suggesting an estrogen-receptor independent mechanism. We are currently investigating other cellular pathways through which genistein may regulate MMP-9 secretion. If genistein proves to be an effective inhibitor MMP-9 secretion, this may lead to a novel approach to reduce mammary cancer metastasis.
However You Like It: Computer's Enhanced Digital Format or Affordable Print Option

Computer's editor in chief, Sumi Helal, describes changes to the digital version of Computer and a new premium print option price adjustment.
An algorithm for constructing minimal c-broadcast networks

c-Broadcasting is a special process to disseminate a single message, originated at any node in a network, to all other nodes of the network by letting each informed node transmit the message to at most c neighbors simultaneously. A minimal c-broadcast network (c-mbn) is a communication network in which c-broadcasting can be completed in minimum time from any node. An optimal c-broadcast network (c-obn) is a c-mbn with the smallest number of edges. Previous studies showed that c-obn's are extremely difficult to find. A network compounding algorithm is proposed to construct sparse c-mbn's with n1n2 − i nodes by connecting a subset of nodes from several copies of a c-mbn with n1 nodes using the structure of another c-mbn with n2 nodes, such that n1 ≥ 1 and 0 ≤ i < n2, satisfying ⌈logc+1(n1n2 − i)⌉ = ⌈logc+1n1⌉ + ⌈logc+1n2⌉. Computational results are also provided. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hi, I'm Bill and I'm Old: Reinventing My Sobriety for the Long Haul, by William Alexander

Hi, I'm Bill and I'm Old: Reinventing My Sobriety for the Long Haul can be read in about two hours but is not for anyone looking for an uplifting message on the experiences of aging or dealing with...
Autolytic Processing of Dimeric Plant Virus Satellite RNA

Associated with some plant viruses are small satellite RNA's that depend on the plant virus to provide protective coat protein and presumably at least some of the proteins necessary for satellite RNA replication. Multimeric forms of the satellite RNA of tobacco ringspot virus are probable in vivo precursors of the monomeric satellite RNA. Evidence is presented for the in vitro autolytic processing of dimeric and trimeric forms of this satellite RNA. The reaction generates biologically active monomeric satellite RNA, apparently is reversible to form dimeric RNA from monomeric RNA, and does not require an enzyme for its catalysis.
Phenethyl isothiocyanate upregulates death receptors 4 and 5 and inhibits proliferation in human cancer stem-like cells

The cytokine TRAIL (tumor necrotic factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) selectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells, but cancer stem cells (CSCs) that contribute to cancer-recurrence are frequently TRAIL-resistant. Here we examined hitherto unknown effects of the dietary anti-carcinogenic compound phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) on attenuation of proliferation and tumorigenicity and on up regulation of death receptors and apoptosis in human cervical CSC. Cancer stem-like cells were enriched from human cervical HeLa cell line by sphere-culture method and were characterized by CSC-specific markers’ analyses (flow cytometry) and Hoechst staining. Cell proliferation assays, immunoblotting, and flow cytometry were used to assess anti-proliferative as well as pro-apoptotic effects of PEITC exposure in HeLa CSCs (hCSCs). Xenotransplantation study in a non-obese diabetic, severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mouse model, histopathology, and ELISA techniques were further utilized to validate our results in vivo. PEITC attenuated proliferation of CD44high/+/CD24low/–, stem-like, sphere-forming subpopulations of hCSCs in a concentration- and time-dependent manner that was comparable to the CSC antagonist salinomycin. PEITC exposure-associated up-regulation of cPARP (apoptosis-associated cleaved poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) levels and induction of DR4 and DR5 (death receptor 4 and 5) of TRAIL signaling were observed. Xenotransplantation of hCSCs into mice resulted in greater tumorigenicity than HeLa cells, which was diminished along with serum hVEGF-A (human vascular endothelial growth factor A) levels in the PEITC-pretreated hCSC group. Lung metastasis was observed only in the hCSC-injected group that did not receive PEITC-pretreatment. The anti-proliferative effects of PEITC in hCSCs may at least partially result from up regulation of DR4 and possibly DR5 of TRAIL-mediated apoptotic pathways. PEITC may offer a novel approach for improving therapeutic outcomes in cancer patients.
The Kirkwood superposition approximation for hard rods at high pressure

We examine the influence of the Kirkwood superposition approximation in the Yvon–Born–Green equation for the pair distribution function of a system of hard rods. We construct a linearization of the difference–differential form of the Yvon–Born–Green equation with Kirkwood superposition. By examining the Laplace transform of the linear equation, we construct the pair distribution functions essentially exactly, and predict a threshold for transition from damped to undamped oscillatory pair distribution functions. We show explicitly the closure for which this linear equation is exactly the Yvon–Born–Green equation. We compare the results to those obtained with the exact closure, and to numerical results obtained from the full nonlinear equation with Kirkwood closure. From these studies, we are able to show that it is the long‐range, non‐nearest‐neighbor coupling, present both in the Kirkwood and linearized closures, that is responsible for the transition to undamped oscillatory pair distribution functions in the dimension d=1. We speculate on the relevance of this result to the behavior of the Yvon–Born–Green equation in d=2,3.
Model-based control of a granulation system

Abstract Granulation, the process by which granules are made from powdered, slurried, solution or molten feed material, is an important process in many industries. The main objective in the granulation process is to produce granules with consistent product quality, as indicated by various industry standard variables which can be related to two fundamental process quantities: particle size distribution and bulk density. While it is customary to specify a desired setpoint value for bulk density, the specifications on particle size distribution typically take the form of an upper limit (dU) and a lower limit (dL) determined by the screen sizes used in product classification. The paper discusses the peculiar control problems arising from such a combination of product quality specifications and then develops a model-based control scheme which systematically addresses the problems. Simulation studies illustrate the control system implementation and performance for various situations of practical significance.
Encountering Chinese Networks: Western, Japanese, and Chinese Corporations in China, 1880–1937 . By Sherman Cochran. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. Pp. xii, 257. $40.00.: One Industry, Two Chinas: Silk Filatures and Peasant–Family Production in Wuxi Country, 1865–1937 . By Lynda S. Bell. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1999. Pp. xvi, 290. $49.50.

Patterns of commercial development have varied widely across the world. At one end of the spectrum is the experience of premodern Europe, where commercial centers grew up in cities that were independent of the surrounding feudal political system. Over the centuries these commercial centers developed their own laws and other institutions that laid the foundation for the capitalist economic system based on the rule of law that exists today. In regions such as Southeast Asia and East Africa, by contrast, commerce was mostly a foreign import with citizens of the colonial power running the larger commercial enterprises and immigrants from China or South Asia owning and staffing the rest of the system. China fit neither of these patterns: over the centuries it developed a commercial system that was entirely Chinese, but was based on networks of traders who set many of their own rules and yet were in no sense independent of the governing bureaucracy whose power ultimately rested with the emperor. This system led to a level of commercial development that was marveled at by European visitors into the eighteenth century.
Impact of bundling of ICT services on regulation

Purpose – Operators are launching bundles of services to retain customers and improve ARPU but regulators and competition authorities need to ensure fair competition. The objectives of this article are to present the reasonability of ex‐ante and ex‐post intervention and the methodologies and imputation test that might be considered by national regulatory agencies (NRAs) and national competition authorities (NCAs) to guarantee effective competition.Design/methodology/approach – The methodology from a regulatory standpoint consists of analyzing the impact that margin squeeze might have on the level of competition. It is based on estimating how costs and retail prices will evolve over time. The methodology aims to predict how margins will evolve taking into consideration the number of subscribers and network costs.Findings – The increasing number of convergent offers, the roll out of new technologies that allows the commercialization of new services and applications and the transformation in the access netwo...
Evoked transmitter release at the frog neuromuscular junction in the presence of very low extracellular Ca2

We have examined the effect of ouabain, a Na,K-ATPase inhibitor known to secondarily increase intracellular Ca2+ levels, on evoked (phasic) transmitter release at the frog neuromuscular junction. As had been reported previously, we observed an increase in both spontaneous and evoked release with prolonged exposure to ouabain. We also found that following ouabain treatment, evoked release was maintained for a much longer period of time upon removal of extracellular Ca2+ than prior to ouabain exposure. These results indicate that after exposure to ouabain evoked transmitter release can occur in the absence of appreciable Ca2+ entry.
No community without spectacle: A comment on Olwig's Landscape, Nature, and the Body Politic

(2003). No community without spectacle: A comment on Olwig's Landscape, Nature, and the Body Politic. Philosophy & Geography: Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 263-265.
The Location of the Active Site of Blood Coagulation Factor VIIa above the Membrane Surface and Its Reorientation upon Association with Tissue Factor A FLUORESCENCE ENERGY TRANSFER STUDY

Abstract The topography of membrane-bound blood coagulation factor VIIa (fVIIa) was examined by positioning a fluorescein dye in the active site of fVIIa via a tripeptide tether to yield fluorescein-D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl-fVIIa (Fl-FPR-fVIIa). The location of the active-site probe relative to the membrane surface was determined, both in the presence and absence of tissue factor (TF), using fluorescence energy transfer between the fluorescein dye and octadecylrhodamine (OR) at the phospholipid vesicle surface. When Fl-FPR-fVIIa was titrated with phospholipid vesicles containing OR, the magnitude of OR-, calcium ion-, and phosphatidylserine-dependent fluorescence energy transfer revealed that the average distance of closest approach between fluorescein in the active site of fVIIa and OR at the vesicle surface is 82 A assuming a random orientation of donor and acceptor dyes (κ2 = 2/3; the orientational uncertainty totals ∼10%). The active site of fVIIa is therefore located far above the membrane surface, and the elongated fVIIa molecule must bind at one end to the membrane and project approximately perpendicularly out of the membrane. When Fl-FPR-fVIIa was titrated with vesicles that contained TF, the efficiency of energy transfer was increased by a TF-dependent translational and/or rotational movement of the fVIIa protease domain relative to the membrane surface. If this movement was solely translational, the height of the active site of fVIIa was lowered by an average of 6 A after binding to TF. The association of fVIIa with TF on the membrane surface therefore causes a significant reorientation of the active site relative to the membrane surface. This cofactor-dependent realignment of the active-site groove presumably facilitates and optimizes fVIIa cleavage of its membrane-bound substrates.
A theory of membrane fusion

Abstract Two interacting membranes are considered as two flat hydrophilic layers on their surfaces separated by an agueous solution at a certain distance. The van der Waals attractive inbteraction energy between the two bodies at a given separation distance depends on the nature (interaction coefficient) of the surface hydrophilic layers and its thickness. When the surface hydrophilic layer becomes sufficiently similar to the bulk hydrocarbon bodies in nature or the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer becomes small enough, the attrative interaction energy becomes large and the two bodies could fuse and become one. A general theory for such mambrane fusion is given in terms of molecular interaction energy.
The retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, the exception that proves the rule

The retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene (Rb1) is centrally important in cancer research. Mutational inactivation of Rb1 causes the pediatric cancer retinoblastoma, while deregulation of the pathway in which it functions is common in most types of human cancer. The Rb1-encoded protein (pRb) is well known as a general cell cycle regulator, and this activity is critical for pRb-mediated tumor suppression. The main focus of this review, however, is on more recent evidence demonstrating the existence of additional, cell type-specific pRb functions in cellular differentiation and survival. These additional functions are relevant to carcinogenesis suggesting that the net effect of Rb1 loss on the behavior of resulting tumors is highly dependent on biological context. The molecular mechanisms underlying pRb functions are based on the cellular proteins it interacts with and the functional consequences of those interactions. Better insight into pRb-mediated tumor suppression and clinical exploitation of pRb as a therapeutic target will require a global view of the complex, interdependent network of pocket protein complexes that function simultaneously within given tissues.
An expert system for field inspection of concrete dams: Part 1, engineering knowledge

This paper covers in more detail the material that was introduced in Ref. [1] and describes the final engineering reasoning and knowledge used for an expert system to assist during the field inspection of existing concrete dams. The knowledge base of this expert system was created by combining the traditional expert system approach with the reasoning procedures of qualitative physics. The traditional expert system approach was used to identify the shallow knowledge pertaining to the problem, and qualitative physics was used to identify the deep knowledge. The deep knowledge structured and organized the identification and representation of the shallow knowledge. The expert system uses shallow knowledge to combine a qualitative expert reasoning with a quantitative procedural evaluation of the stability of a dam. The present paper concentrates on the description of the engineering knowledge and Ref. [2] will concentrate on the artificial intelligence issues associated with the knowledge acquisition and representation associated with this expert system. The validation process compared results obtained by the expert system with those obtained by independent field inspection experts. Some of the results are presented here.
A further word of caution before using the internal mammary artery for coronary revascularization in patients with severe peripheral vascular disease

Objectives: To characterize the clinical and angiographic characteristics of patients with collateralization from the internal mammary artery to the iliac artery. Background: The use of the internal mammary arteries for coronary revascularization has become the standard of care in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, in patients with aortoiliac disease, the internal mammary arteries may become a major collateral route to the lower extremities. Methods: A case series of 15 patients admitted for diagnostic coronary angiography were retrospectively identified, who were observed to have collateral flow from one or both internal mammary artery(ies) to an occluded or stenotic iliac artery. Results: The mean age was 63.2 ± 11.2 years; eight were men (53.3%). Coronary angiography was done as a perioperative evaluation for peripheral vascular surgery in three patients (20%) and was done because of cardiac symptoms or a positive thallium scan in 12 (80%). The finding that the mammary artery collateralized the iliac artery led to major treatment changes in all patients, seven (46.6%) who required CABG. In five patients (33%), use of one or both internal mammary artery(ies) for coronary grafts was avoided. CABG was deferred in one patient, whereas in another, percutaneous intervention in both iliac arteries preceded CABG using both mammary arteries. There was no incidence of postoperative acute lower extremity ischemia. Conclusions: Selective angiographic visualization of the internal mammary artery is an essential part of the preoperative evaluation in patients with severe peripheral vascular disease undergoing CABG. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Legendre spectral finite elements for structural dynamics analysis

Spectral, hierarchical, and h-type finite elements (FEs) are compared in the context of their application to structural dynamics analysis. The Timoshenko beam, which is the 1-D analog of Mindlin-type shell elements, is used for comparison in eigenvalue and transient-response analyses. A detailed formulation of each method is presented to illustrate clearly their fundamental differences. The principal advantages of spectral FEs over low-order h-type elements are (a) far superior accuracy for a fixed number of model degrees of freedom (DOF) and (b) much higher computational efficiency at a fixed accuracy level. The principal advantages over hierarchical p-type elements are (a) a mass matrix that is inherently diagonal as opposed to full, (b) DOF that pertain directly to nodal displacements and rotations, and (c) more efficient tensor-product factorization. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three-dimensional elasticity solutions for free vibrations of circular plates: A polynomials-Ritz analysis

This paper presents accurate three-dimensional elasticity solutions for free vibration of circular plates. The derivation of a linear frequency equation based on an exact three-dimensional, small-strain, linearly elastic principle is detailed. The solution to this problem is made possible by using the Ritz method with a set of orthogonal polynomial series to approximate the spatial displacements of the circular plate in cylindrical polar coordinates. The perturbation of frequency responses due to the variations of boundary conditions and thickness is investigated. First known frequency parameters and three-dimensional deformed mode shapes are presented in vivid graphical forms. The accuracy of these results are verified by appropriate convergence studies and, when possible, are checked with existing solutions.
Antigenicity of polypeptides (poly amino acids): nature of the immunochemical determinants in the neutral copolymer poly ( -N-hydroxypropyl glutamide 60 alanine 30 tyrosine 10 ) (GAT amide).

Abstract The nature of the immunochemical determinants of poly (γ-N-hydroxypropyl glutamide60Ala3Tyr10) (GAT amide) was studied using antisera produced in rabbits and sheep. Cross reactions with rabbit antisera using passive cutaneous anaphylaxis were strong with poly (γ-N-hydroxypropyl glutamide60Ala40) (GA amide) and poly (γ-N-hydroxypropyl glutamide90Tyr10) (GT amide), with poly (γ-N-hydroxypropyl glutamide100) (G amide) giving only weal cross reactivity. Only GA amide (65–75 per cent) and GT amide _60–75 per cent) gave cross reactions when tested by precipitin analysis. In contrast, all three polymers: GA amide (50–95 per cent), GT amide (30–100 per cent) and G amide (25–80 per cent) gave good cross precipitin reactions in sheep antisera. Neither the rabbit nor the sheep antisera cross reacted with the corresponding unmodified polymers. Inhibition studies using structural analogs of propanolamine and enzymatic digests of GAT amide (chymotrypsin) and G amide (pronase) indicated that the specificity in both species is directed against the G amide portion of this neutral polymer.
W.E.B. Du Bois on Woman Suffrage: A Critical Analysis of His Crisis Writings

Scholars have analyzed W.E.B. Du Bois's role as a chief advocate for Black civil rights during the 20th century, yet his advocacy for women's rights-including woman suffrage-has largely been overlooked. Du Bois lamented the burden of Black women in essays in The Horizon, Voice of the Negro, The Independent, and in his first autobiographical book, Darkwater (Du Bois, 1920/1969). During his tenure as editor of Crisis, Du Bois wrote more than 20 essays on woman suffrage, published a special, "Woman Suffrage Number," of the periodical in September 1912 (Du Bois, 1912d), and sponsored a Votes for Women symposium in the August 1915 issue (Du Bois, 1915b). He delivered a speech on suffrage at an annual convention of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, which the association later published as a book. Du Bois also corresponded with several influential suffragists, including Mary Church Terrell, Ida B. Wells, and Jane Addams. Several scholars have identified Du Bois as a supporter of woman suffrage,' yet none has engaged in a sustained critical reading of his writings on the issue. This essay is a step toward filling this gap in the existing literature on Du Bois; it focuses on Du Bois's writings on woman suf-
Statistics of Weighted Brain Networks Reveal Hierarchical Organization and Gaussian Degree Distribution

Whole brain weighted connectivity networks were extracted from high resolution diffusion MRI data of 14 healthy volunteers. A statistically robust technique was proposed for the removal of questionable connections. Unlike most previous studies our methods are completely adapted for networks with arbitrary weights. Conventional statistics of these weighted networks were computed and found to be comparable to existing reports. After a robust fitting procedure using multiple parametric distributions it was found that the weighted node degree of our networks is best described by the normal distribution, in contrast to previous reports which have proposed heavy tailed distributions. We show that post-processing of the connectivity weights, such as thresholding, can influence the weighted degree asymptotics. The clustering coefficients were found to be distributed either as gamma or power-law distribution, depending on the formula used. We proposed a new hierarchical graph clustering approach, which revealed that the brain network is divided into a regular base-2 hierarchical tree. Connections within and across this hierarchy were found to be uncommonly ordered. The combined weight of our results supports a hierarchically ordered view of the brain, whose connections have heavy tails, but whose weighted node degrees are comparable.
The prevalence and incidence of epiretinal membranes in eyes with inactive extramacular CMV retinitis

Purpose. To determine the prevalence and incidence of epiretinal membranes (ERM) in eyes with inactive extramacular cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Simplified Procedure to Account for a Weaker Soil Layer in Lateral Load Analysis of Single Piles

AbstractThis paper presents a procedure to account for the presence of a weaker layer of soil in a beam on nonlinear Winkler foundation analysis of a laterally loaded pile or drilled shaft. Three-dimensional (3D) finite-element (FE) models, considering a single pile embedded in a soil continuum, are used to compute representative p-y curves for various combinations of soil profile and pile diameter. Comparisons between the p-y curves resulting from homogenous and layered soil profiles, in which a weak soil layer is located between two stronger layers, provide the means to identify reductions in the ultimate lateral resistance and initial stiffness of the p-y curves representing the stronger soil owing to the presence of the weak layer. These reductions are characterized in terms of an exponential decay model. Dimensionless parameters are proposed as a means of implementing appropriate reductions for an arbitrary soil profile and pile diameter. Validation of the reduction procedure is conducted through a c...
Race and Child Welfare Policy: State-Level Variations in Disproportionality

African American children are represented among those housed in foster care at more than twice the rate of their overall representation in the US population. This racial disproportionality is well known among child welfare researchers, who have been attempting to explain the phenomenon. Are African American families under more surveillance than white families because of involvement with TANF and other government aid programs, resulting in higher rates of foster care placements? Are investigators more likely to pursue allegations of abuse within African American families? Are African American children more likely to suffer from maltreatment? My research makes a unique contribution by investigating state-level variations in child welfare policy outcomes. Following the innovative work of Soss et al. (American Journal of Political Science 52(3):536–553, 2008) who find that states with larger African American populations have more stringent welfare regimes, it would be reasonable to expect that states with larger African American populations would have more aggressive child protection policies, resulting in higher numbers of children being housed in state protective custody. This work exposes a strikingly different pattern: States with larger African American populations are distinctly less likely to take children into protective custody. In addition, states with larger African American populations have dramatically lower levels of racial disproportionality among their children in foster care. States with larger white majorities place more children in foster care and place disproportionately higher percentages of African American children in foster care.
The woman warrior: Gender, warfare and society in medieval Europe

(1990). The woman warrior: Gender, warfare and society in medieval Europe. Women's Studies: Vol. 17, No. 3-4, pp. 193-209.
The mechanism of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate receptor desensitization after removal of glutamate

We have examined responses of AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate) receptors in the chick nucleus magnocellularis to pairs of pulses of glutamate and determined the extent of desensitization and the rate of recovery. Receptors recovered from desensitization with a time constant of 16 ms, regardless of the concentration or duration of the conditioning pulse. Even with very brief conditioning pulses, evoking submaximal currents, desensitization occurred at a consistent rate after the removal of free ligand. A quantitative kinetic model based on these data shows that receptors must desensitize from a closed state. The results provide evidence that very brief exposure to glutamate, on the time scale of uniquantal synaptic transmission, will result in a significant reduction in sensitivity of postsynaptic receptors.
Investigation of Unanticipated Alkylation at the N(π) Position of a Histidyl Residue Under Mitsunobu Conditions and Synthesis of Orthogonally Protected Histidine Analogues

We had previously reported that Mitsunobu-based introduction of alkyl substituents onto the imidazole N(π)-position of a key histidine residue in phosphothreonine-containing peptides can impart high binding affinity against the polo-box domain of polo-like kinase 1. Our current paper investigates the mechanism leading to this N(π)-alkylation and provides synthetic methodologies that permit the facile synthesis of histidine N(π)-modified peptides. These agents represent new and potentially important tools for biological studies.
Ego Development, Ethical Decision-Making, and Legal and Ethical Knowledge in School Counselors

School counselors require high levels of ego development, sound ethical decision-making processes, and significant knowledge regarding legal and ethical practice to provide effective services to their clientele. The authors report the findings of a descriptive, correlational study of 186 school counselors’ levels of ego development (Hy and Loevinger in Measuring ego development, 2nd edn. Sage, Thousand Oaks, 1996), ethical decision-making (Dufrene in Dissertation Abstracts International, 61(10):3906, 2000), and ethical and legal knowledge (Lambie et al. in Counselor Education & Supervision, 49, 228–246, 2010). Higher ego maturity was associated with higher legal and ethical knowledge scores. Implications for counseling and adult development are discussed.
Gain-clamped thulium-doped fibre amplifier with single pump at 1050 nm

The large homogeneous bandwidth of a thulium-doped fibre amplifier makes it suitable for optical gain clamping. This has been demonstrated experimentally. Gain variation of 1.2 dB for 15 dB input dynamic range has been achieved, with less than 1 dB gain ripple over 20 nm, and no noise figure degradation, while pumped at 1050 nm.
Greek academic psychiatry and neurology before the firing squad

The coat should be cut to fi t the man, not the man to fi t the coat. The procrustean levelling tactics adopted by the Greek state under the direction of the International Monetary Fund and the European Central Bank in response to the economic crisis are having a dangerous eff ect on the country’s academic psychiatry and neurology. The Aeginition University Hospital in Athens, home of the Psychiatric and Neurological Departments of the Athens University Medical School (the only large departments in these disciplines serving the capital), is on the verge of collapse; at best, it faces painful and destructive cutbacks. A drastic 30% reduction in government funding, an extraordinary delay in the provision of essential resources, and bureaucratic obstructions have already led the hospital to suspend inpatient care and limit out-of-hours emergency services once this year. The Aeginition Hospital was founded in 1904 and has been the traditional nursery of psychiatry and neurology in Greece as well as a centre of excellence. The quality of the services off ered, the development of specialised programmes for tertiary care (highly innovative in the Greek context), the high level of research activity, and the hospital’s role in the community have made the Aeginition the most soughtafter teaching hospital in psychiatry and neurology in Greece at both the undergraduate and graduate level. The educational provision covers the whole spectrum of both disciplines and fully meets the high standards demanded inter nationally. The symbolic importance and reputation of the Aeginition Hospital are also refl ected in the fact that the head of its Psychiatric Clinic for 25 years also served as president of the World Psychiatric Association from 1983 to 1990; directors of the clinic have periodically held or hold high offi ces in various international organisations. The situation in Greece is except ionally diffi cult: the country seems to have entered a long period of crisis with clearly evident consequences for the mental health of its citizens. Recent preliminary data show a doubling of the annual suicide rate and an increase in the abuse of alcohol and addictive substances. A short-sighted rationale that expects mental health services to form part of a profi table enterprise can only make matters worse. Greek academic psychiatry and neurology, along with their essential institutional base, the Aeginition Hospital, seem now to be endangered species. May all who are able contribute to their preservation.
Intracranial vertebral artery dissection with subarachnoid hemorrhage following child abuse

Child abuse is often suspected based on particular patterns of injury. We report a case of intracranial vertebral artery dissection with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in a 3-month-old boy following child abuse. The mechanisms of injury and the clinical and imaging findings are discussed. This particular pattern of injury has rarely been reported in association with child abuse. We hope to raise physician awareness of child abuse when faced with these imaging findings.
Broadband On-Wafer Calibrations Comparison for Accuracy and Repeatability on Co-Planar Waveguide Structures

This paper compares four popular on-wafer calibration methods including multiline TRL, LRRM, LRM, and SOLT, based on three diverse coplanar waveguide circuits. The results show that the Multiline TRL provides the highest accuracy and repeatability for all of the circuits up to 40 GHz.
Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase

In summary, LAP is an intriguing enzyme and its control is related to pituitary-adrenal function. A review of the changes in LAP activity which occur in some physiological conditions and in disease states has been presented. The function of LAP, however, is unknown. Table I summarizes those conditions in which the LAP is consistently altered enough so to help in the diagnosis of the disorder. Of prime importance is the differentiation of CML from a leukemoid reaction or agnogenic myeloid metaplasia with a leukocytosis. However, in no instance is the LAP value alone diagnostic of any disease. It remains a laboratory test to be utilized in conjunction with all other available clinical data.
Noninvasive identification of interindividual variation in xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes: implications for cancer epidemiology and biomarker studies.

In this study, DNA extracted from frozen urine was used in the analysis of polymorphisms in genes coding for xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (XMEs). These included single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH), that is, substitutions of tyrosine by histidine in codon 113 (Y113H) and histidine by arginine in codon 139 (H139R), and deletion polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 and T1 genes. The concentration of DNA extracted from urine of a Ghanaian population (n = 91) exposed to aflatoxins in their diet ranged from 82.5 to 573 ng/ml urine. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) procedures were used for the characterization of mEH polymorphisms, whereas a multiplex PCR method was utilized to identify GST deletion polymorphisms. In total, 91% and 94% of 91 samples were genotyped for mEH exon 3 and exon 4 polymorphisms, respectively. In the multiplex analysis of GST polymorphisms, 94% and 91% of 91 individuals were genotyped...
Dipole-allowed transitions in collisions of charged particles and Rydberg atoms: method of virtual quanta in low velocity collisions

Abstract Experiments involving collisions between charged particles and Na Rydberg atoms have been undertaken to study the projectile-velocity dependence of collisionally induced dipole-allowed transitions. Measurements being carried out in this laboratory, involving H+, H2+, He+, Ne+, and e− projectiles incident on Na(30s) and Na(29d), cover the reduced projectile velocity range from 1.7 to 200 times the mean orbital velocity of the excited electron. Absolute cross sections for the dipole-allowed transitions, 30s to 30p and 29d to 30p, have been measured and exhibit pronounced and unique projectile-velocity dependent thresholds. The Weizsacker-Williams method of virtual quanta has been extended to include low projectile velocities and is found to be in good agreement with the observed projectile-velocity dependent dipole-allowed thresholds.
Logical learning theory: A teleological alternative in the field of personality

Logical learning theory (LLT) is presented as a teleological alternative to most current explanations of human behavior An organism construed as intentional is more suitable to many personality/personological accounts than is an organism construed as mechanical It is first established that LLT is a predicational rather than a mechanical explanation of behavior The concept of telosponsivity is then presented as an alternative to the predominant view of behavior as a supposed response to antecedent stimulation Telosponsivity rests on the assumption of dialectical human cognition A review of the early work on affective assessments in human cognition follows Affection is a special case of telosponsivity, and not a physical feeling or emotion per se Evidence drawn from empirical research outside of the strict LLT literature is also adduced in support of its tenets The presentation closes with a survey of current research being conducted on LLT It IS concluded that human agency is a viable theoretical outlook, and that a view resting on such assumptions can be shown to have empirical validity