cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Managing bipolar disorder in the elderly: defining the role of the newer agents

Clinical research in geriatric psychopharmacology has been a relatively neglected focus compared with the wealth of information on younger populations, and there is a dearth of published, controlled trials. Similarly, these are limited data in the area of geriatric bipolar disorder. Although there is an absence of rigorous, evidence-based information, preliminary data on older adults with bipolar disorder suggest some promising treatment options and important differences in older versus younger patients with bipolar illness. Lithium, while widely utilised in younger populations, is often poorly tolerated in the elderly. Clinical evidence regarding use of antiepileptic compounds in late-life bipolar disorder is generally compiled from bipolar disorder studies in mixed populations, studies in older adults with seizure disorders, and studies on dementia and psychotic conditions other than bipolar disorder. Valproate semisodium and carbamazepine are widely prescribed compounds in older adults with bipolar disorder. However, the popularity of these compounds has occurred in context of an absence of evidence-based data. The atypical antipsychotics have expanded the treatment armamentarium for bipolar disorder in mixed populations and may offer particular promise in management of bipolar illness in older populations as well. Olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, ziprasidone and aripiprazole are atypical antipsychotics that have been approved by the US FDA for the treatment of bipolar disorder; however, there are no published, controlled trials with atypical antipsychotics specific to mania in geriatric patients. Preliminary reports on the use of clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine and quetiapine suggest a role for the use of these agents in late-life bipolar disorder. Information with ziprasidone and aripiprazole specific to geriatric bipolar disorder is still lacking.
New approaches in topical drug administration and treatment of the dry eye

The collagen shield is a contact lens-shaped collagen matrix that can be impregnated with a drug during hydration or manufacture and then, when placed on the cornea, acts as a reservoir, dissolving slowly and releasing the drug over time. This new ocular drug delivery system has proven useful in the treatment of corneal infections and the prevention of graft rejection. The lubricating effect of the dissolving shield matrix may palliate dry eye symptoms, but the shields are not useful as a treatment for keratoconjunctivitis sicca because they must be applied in the physician's office and they are not transparent. A new formulation of collagen and cetyl alcohol particles suspended in a methylcellulose vehicle (Lacrisomes) is being developed to relieve symptoms in dry eye patients. A similar system, with the addition of therapeutic agents during manufacture (Collasomes), is being tested for drug delivery to the ocular surface. The advantages of both of these systems would be their ease of application and minimal interference with vision.
Ciliated hepatic foregut cyst mimicking neoplasm

We describe a ciliated hepatic foregut cyst that was clinically considered neoplastic because it was large, bilocular, and associated with a high serological level of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9). Histologically, the wall of the cyst showed characteristic pseudopapillae lined by ciliated stratified columnar epithelium with interspersed goblet cells and underlying smooth muscle. The epithelium was strongly immunoreactive for CA 19-9. We therefore conclude that large size, multilocularity, and elevated CA 19-9 do not exclude ciliated hepatic foregut cysts from diagnostic consideration.
A spiny cell component in the sugar beet

Young parenchyma cells in roots and leaves of Beta vulgaris L. may contain a spiny component morphologically distinct from the spiny vesicles previously observed in plant cells. The component is represented by elongated and apparently tubular elements variable in length and bound by a single-layered membrane bearing surface appendages in the form of spines. The transections of tubules resemble profiles of spiny vesicles. Parenchyma cells containing the spiny component may be located next to a sieve element or two or more cells removed from it. The component has not been seen in the sieve element. No evidence of significant spatial relation between the spiny component and the P-protein has been observed.
3DVAR and Cloud Analysis with WSR-88D Level-II Data for the Prediction of the Fort Worth, Texas, Tornadic Thunderstorms. Part II: Impact of Radial Velocity Analysis via 3DVAR

Abstract In this two-part paper, the impact of level-II Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) radar reflectivity and radial velocity data on the prediction of a cluster of tornadic thunderstorms in the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) model is studied. Radar reflectivity data are used primarily in a cloud analysis procedure that retrieves the amount of hydrometeors and adjusts in-cloud temperature, moisture, and cloud fields, while radial velocity data are analyzed through a three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) data assimilation scheme that contains a 3D mass divergence constraint in the cost function. In Part I, the impact of the cloud analysis and modifications to the scheme are discussed. In this part, the impact of radial velocity data and the mass divergence constraint in the 3DVAR cost function are studied. The case studied is that of the 28 March 2000 Fort Worth tornadoes. The addition of the radial velocity improves the forecasts beyond that experienced with the cloud analys...
Novel NMDA/glycine site antagonists attenuate cocaine-induced behavioral toxicity

Abstract N-Methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA)/glycine site antagonists were tested for their ability to prevent cocaine-induced convulsions and lethality in Swiss Webster mice. Pre-treatment of mice with the novel NMDA/glycine site antagonists ACEA-1021 (5-nitro-6,7-dichloro-1,4-dihydro-2,3-quinoxalinedione) or ACEA-1328 (5-nitro-6,7-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-2,3-quinoxalinedione) attenuated cocaine-induced convulsions; these effects were pharmacologically antagonized with d -cycloserine. The structurally-related NMDA/glycine site antagonist DCQX (6,7-dichloroquinoxaline-2,3-dione) and the structurally-unrelated NMDA/glycine site partial agonist HA-966 (3-amino-1-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone) also attenuated cocaine-induced convulsions, with the R(+)-isomer of HA-966 being more effective than the S(−)-isomer. In contrast, the selective α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-proprionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist, NBQX (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-nitro-2,3-dioxo-benzo[f]quinoxaline-7-sulfonamide), failed to provide statistically significant protection although it shares the 2,3-quinoxalinedione structure of DCQX and the ACEA compounds. Pre-treatment with ACEA-1021, ACEA-1328, DCQX, or R(+)-HA-966 also attenuated cocaine-induced lethality in mice. Significantly, post-treatment with ACEA-1021, immediately prior to or after the onset of seizures, prevented death in up to 86% of mice receiving a lethal dose of cocaine; post-treatment with vehicle resulted in death of all mice. The results suggest the utility of targeting excitatory mechanisms for the treatment of cocaine overdose and offer a novel base structure from which effective pharmacotherapies can be developed.
Potentiation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Induced Cell Death by Rottlerin through a Cytochrome-C-Independent Pathway

The protein kinase C (PKC) signal transduction pathway negatively regulates receptor-initiated cell death. In HeLa cells, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-mediated cell death involved mitochondria and was blocked by the overexpression of Bcl-2. The PKC-specific inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide and the PKCdelta inhibitor rottlerin enhanced TNF-induced cell death. We have investigated if potentiation of TNF-induced cell death by rottlerin involved amplification of the mitochondrial pathway. TNF induced cleavage of the proapoptotic protein Bid and release of mitochondrial cytochrome c. Rottlerin enhanced activation of caspase-8 and cleavage of Bid. It also enhanced activation of caspase-9 but it did not increase cytochrome c in the cytosol. It, however, increased release of mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) to the cytosol. Overexpression of Bcl-2 prevented release of both cytochrome c and AIF to the cytosol. Prolonged exposure (> or =6 h) of HeLa cells to rottlerin and TNF decreased the level of cytochrome c but not of AIF in the cytosol. These results suggest that rottlerin activates a cytochrome-c-independent cell death pathway to potentiate cell death by TNF.
The Use of Targeted Pitch Skills for Sight-Singing Instruction in the Choral Rehearsal

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of sight-singing instruction using specific pitch skills emphasizing scale degree and harmonic function. Fifteen pitch skills encompassi...
Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) and carbon monoxide (CO) in natural waters: evidence of a coupled production pathway

Abstract The mechanisms for the photoproduction of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) and carbon monoxide (CO) in natural waters were studied by evaluating experimental results from different aqueous systems. A coupled photoproduction mechanism was observed operating on CO and OCS. For CO photoproduction, the presence of a carbonyl group is necessary, while for OCS, a source of reduced sulfur in addition to the carbonyl is required. An acyl radical is postulated to be the key intermediary for OCS and CO photoproduction while a sulfur-centered radical (thiyl or sulfhydryl radical) is likely to be the key species that reacts with acyl radicals to produce OCS. Laboratory experiments indicated that addition of reduced sulfur to seawater and subsequent irradiation leads to a decrease in CO and an increase in OCS photoproduction rates relative to original water. Furthermore, treatment of Suwannee fulvic acid (SFA) or Aldrich humic (AH) aqueous solutions with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) decreased photoproduction of CO compared to untreated samples. A metal redox system (Ce(IV)/Ce(III)) was also used to generate radicals in solution and demonstrate radical participation in the production processes of OCS and CO. Based on these results, potential pathways are proposed for the photoproduction of both gases in natural waters involving the formation of free radicals. In natural waters, the anti-correlation CO/OCS is likely to be seen in areas with high biological productivity in which reduced sulfur compounds and dissolved organic matter are abundant. This study furthers our understanding of sulfur chemistry in aqueous systems and provides another demonstration of the complex link of the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and sulfur.
SEPARABLE ENERGY-DEPENDENT APPROXIMATION TO LOCAL POTENTIALS.

Abstract An extension of the single-pole separable approximation of a two-body t -matrix in which the effects of several poles are included is made. The simple form for the t -matrix derived from a single separable potential is retained. However, the separable potential is constructed using an energy-dependent superposition of the states corresponding to the various poles. The energy dependence is chosen so as to obtain the correct residue of both the on-shell and off-shell t -matrices at each of these poles, while preserving unitarity. The formalism is specialized to the case of s-wave scattering from an attractive square well. Comparison to the exact s-wave cross section gives good results.
Development of terahertz (THz) microfluidic devices for "Lab-on-a-Chip" applications

Microfluidic devices have been widely used in manipulation and analysis of individual cells in small-volume solutions. It could be potentially used for studies of the interaction of THz radiation with biomolecules and cells in aqueous media. We present a prototype microfluidic device that can be used for controlled cellular exposures to THz radiation. The device is made of a PDMS microfluidic channel on glass substrate and consists of electrodes for cell concentration. Initial cell concentration and THz transmission measurements have been performed on various prototype samples. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using microfluidic chips for potential “Lab-on-a-Chip” THz applications.
Reduced-Size Low-Voltage RF MEMS X-Band Phase Shifter Integrated on Multilayer Organic Package

This paper presents an X-band two-bit phase shifter that integrates single-pole four-throw (SP4T) piezoelectric microelectromechanical switches with a compact 3-D passive design on a liquid crystal polymer (LCP) organic substrate. The multilayer LCP process allows a low-cost and lightweight circuit that can easily be integrated with other radio frequency front-end components, such as an antenna, at the packaging level. By routing lines onto embedded multilayers, a 22.5% reduction in area is achieved. In addition, low-loss piezoelectric SP4T switches with a 7 V actuation voltage are used to switch between different phase delays. The phase shifter exhibits a loss of 0.75 dB/bit with 2.25° average phase error at 10 GHz.
An indicator of cancer: downregulation of Monoamine Oxidase-A in multiple organs and species

Identifying consistent changes in cellular function that occur in multiple types of cancer could revolutionize the way cancer is treated. Previous work has produced promising results such as the identification of p53. Recently drugs that affect serotonin reuptake were shown to reduce the risk of colon cancer in man. Here, we analyze an ensemble of cancer datasets focusing on genes involved in the serotonergic pathway. Genechip datasets consisting of cancerous tissue from human, mouse, rat, or zebrafish were extracted from the GEO database. We first compared gene expression between cancerous tissues and normal tissues for each type of cancer and then identified changes that were common to a variety of cancer types. Our analysis found that significant downregulation of MAO-A, the enzyme that metabolizes serotonin, occurred in multiple tissues from humans, rodents, and fish. MAO-A expression was decreased in 95.4% of human cancer patients and 94.2% of animal cancer cases compared to the non-cancerous controls. These are the first findings that identify a single reliable change in so many different cancers. Future studies should investigate links between MAO-A suppression and the development of cancer to determine the extent that MAO-A suppression contributes to increased cancer risk.
Renal allograft survival following acute rejection correlates with blood pressure levels and histopathology

Renal allograft survival following acute rejection correlates with blood pressure levels and histopathology. Background Acute rejection (AR) is a strong predictor of renal graft survival, but the negative impact of AR on survival is variable, suggesting that other factors modulate this relationship. In this study, we examined the variables that correlate with graft survival after AR, particularly the impact of blood pressure (BP), graft function, and histopathology. Methods The study population included patients with no AR ( N = 942) and patients with one ( N = 407) or two ( N = 156) AR during the first year post-transplant. Patients were adults who were recipients of living related (LRD, N = 410) or cadaveric grafts (CAD, N = 1095) and who were transplanted in a single institution and followed for 5.8 ± 4 years. Results Compared with patients without AR, those with AR were significantly younger, had more human lymphocyte antigen mismatches, and included more CAD recipients. Graft survival was analyzed beyond six-months post-transplant. In patients with AR, reduced survival correlated (multivariate) with ( a ) younger recipients ( P = 0.01), ( b ) AR occurring later during the first-year post-transplant ( P = 0.0006), ( c ) elevated serum creatinine (Cr) before ( P = 0.05), at the time ( P = 0.0001) of, or after AR ( P = 0.0004), and ( d ) average BP levels after AR [systolic BP ( P = 0.003 logistic, P P = 0.007), mean arterial pressure ( P N = 408, P = 0.0009), in Caucasian recipients ( P = 0.001), and in African American recipients ( P = 0.01). In contrast, there was no significant correlation between BP levels and graft survival in patients without AR. AR histopathology, analyzed in patients with one AR episode, correlated with graft survival only the first six months after AR but not thereafter. Conclusions Graft survival after AR can be predicted independently by graft function and BP levels after the event. Patients with elevated BP post-AR have poor graft survival even if they have excellent graft function.
Neurologic features of Williams and Down syndromes

Eight patients with Williams syndrome and 6 with Down syndrome, matched for age and full-scale IQ, underwent detailed neurologic testing as part of a large multidisciplinary research center study. Williams syndrome patients were small for gestational age and often had histories of failure-to-thrive and feeding problems as infants. Half of the Williams syndrome patients had epilepsy. On neurologic testing, Williams syndrome patients had greater difficulty with gross and fine motor coordination, oromotor skills, and cerebellar function than did those with Down syndrome. The neurologic distinctions between these 2 groups may reflect an underlying, as yet undefined, metabolic defect in Williams syndrome.
A sampling strategy useful in full-distribution simulation.

Inherent in most simulation processes is a mechanism to sample from known probability distributions. This is most often accomplished with the aid of pseudo-random generation systems. Though, these generators produce sets of numbers which are usually statistically indistinguishable from a uniform distribution, the actual distribution of any individual one of these data sets exhibit peaks and valleys which, when used in simulations, somewhat misrepresent the desired probability distribution. A stratified approach to fulldistribution sampling is presented which represents a marked improvement over random number generated sampling in certain types of simulation procedures.
Relationships between hard/soft, pure/applied, and life/nonlife disciplines and subject book use in a university library

Abstract In a university library, variability in circulation of books by subject area is partly but directly dependent on the academic program—e.g. if the anthropology department enrolls more students than the physics department, then more anthropology books should circulate. However, if the number of students enrolled in each subject is the same, the number of books circulated in one subject may still be larger than in the other. Therefore, other sources accounting for variability must be sought. One possible source is in the nature of the subjects themselves. For example, subjects (as represented by academic disciplines or departments) are often called hard or soft, pure or applied, life or nonlife. The purpose of this paper was to determine the relationship between these characteristics and the number of books charged out of an academic library by students. Three major hypotheses were formulated: (1) the softer a subject, the more books charged on that subject; the harder the subject, the fewer the books charged; (2) the purer the subject, the more books charged; the more applied the subject, the fewer the books charged; (3) The more a subject can be characterized as life oriented, the greater the difference in number of books charged between that subject and those characterized as nonlife oriented. A scale value for each characteristic in each of 60 academic subjects was determined by a survey of faculty of the University of Southwestern Louisiana. Correlation and multiple regression were employed to assess the proportion of circulation variance accounted for by each of the three characteristics. Other variables—masters, upper and lower level enrollments, credit hours being taught, number of books already in the library, and level of degree offered—were tested as controls. Hypothesis (1) was weakly supported under the condition that shelflist and masters enrollments were held constant (3% of variance). Support was somewhat firmer (10% variance) when the dependent variable was defined as proportion of shelflist circulated. Hard/soft was also significant (15% of variance) when pure/applied was held constant, but shelflist and enrollments were not. Hypothesis (2) was modestly supported under the condition that other variables were not held constant. Otherwise pure/applied was not significant. Together, pure/applied and hard/soft, in that order, and when no other variables were controlled accounted for 26% of the variance. Hypothesis (3) was not supported under any of the conditions tested. Results have implications in sociological understanding of the relationship between disciplines and library use, in formulating a rationale for library collection building, and in administrative, budget allocations to subjects.
Three-dimensional PCM melting in a vertical cylindrical enclosure including the effects of tilting

Abstract Experiments have been conducted in order to generate detailed data associated with the outward melting of a PCM induced by a heated rod that is placed concentrically within a cylindrical enclosure. Heat transfer and melting effects in a base-case configuration consisting of a vertically-oriented enclosure are successfully simulated with an established two-dimensional numerical model, partially validating the experimental apparatus and procedure. Experimental measurements indicate that modest tilting of the test cell significantly affects measured local temperatures within the PCM, as well as the temporal evolution of the solid morphology as it melts. The modification is attributed to the establishment of three-dimensional flow within the molten PCM. The experimental data for the tilted enclosure cases might be used to validate three-dimensional models for PCM melting in geometrical configurations relevant to, for example, latent heat thermal energy storage systems.
Selective Living Anionic Polymerization of a Novel Bifunctional Monomer 4-(Vinylphenyl)-1-butene and the Preparation of Uniform Size Functional Polymers and Amphiphilic Block Copolymers

A novel bifunctional monomer, namely, 4-(vinylphenyl)-1-butene (VSt), was prepared by the coupling reaction between vinylbenzyl chloride and allylmagnesium chloride with a high yield (93%) and monomer purity. This monomer contains both a styrene type and a 1-butene type CC double bond. The former double bond can be selectively polymerized by anionic polymerization to generate a polymer with a polystyrene [poly(St)] backbone and functional butenyl side chains. The effects of the initiator, temperature, and solvent were investigated, and the optimum conditions for the selective living anionic polymerization of this monomer were determined. Using n-BuLi as initiator, in a mixture of toluene and tetrahydrofuran (5:1−2:1), at −40 °C, VSt could undergo anionic polymerization in a living manner without cross-linking and any other side reactions. The polymer thus obtained possesses a controlled molecular weight and a very narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn = 1.03−1.05). The quantitative presence of the u...
Evidence for the Existence of Fractional Charge on Matter

We present results of a superconducting magnetic levitation experiment which provide evidence for the existence of fractional charge on matter. Three niobium balls heat-treated on a tungsten substrate were found to have residual charges of $(+0.337\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.009)e$, $(\ensuremath{-}0.001\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.025)e$, and $(\ensuremath{-}0.331\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.070)e$. All five niobium balls heat-treated on a niobium substrate had residual charges near zero.
Annals of the Caliphs’ Kitchens: Ibn Sayyār al-Warrāq's Tenth-Century Baghdad Cookbook

Annals of the Caliphs’ Kitchens: Ibn Sayyār al-Warrāq's Tenth-Century Baghdad Cookbook NAWAL NASRALLAH (Trans.), 2007 [Islamic History and Civilization-Studies and Texts, 70] Leiden/Boston: Brill x...
Evidence for unfolding and refolding of gas-phase cytochrome C ions in a Paul trap.

The folding pathways of gas-phase cytochrome c ions produced by electrospray ionization have been studied by an ion trapping/ion mobility technique that allows conformations to be examined over extended timescales (10 ms to 10 s). The results show that the +9 charge state emerges from solution as a compact structure and then rapidly unfolds into several substantially more open structures, a transition that requires 30–60 ms; over substantially longer timescales (250 ms to 10 s) elongated states appear to refold into an array of folded structures. The new folded states are less compact than those that are apparent during the initial unfolding. Apparently, unfolding to highly open conformations is a key step that must occur before +9 ions can sample more compact states that are stable at longer times.
Epithelioid angiosarcoma: A neoplasm with potential diagnostic challenges

Epithelioid angiosarcomas are extremely rare tumors associated with poor prognosis and early metastases. Its epithelioid cytomorphology and limited vasoformation make it difficult to distinguish from more common malignancies, such as, carcinoma. This can be a potential diagnostic pitfall for the cytopathologist. In this report, the patient is a 24-year-old man presenting with testicular pain, a pelvic mass, and innumerable liver nodules. Immediate interpretation of the needle core biopsies of the pelvic mass and liver lesions initially favored a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Unusual positive immunohistochemical stains for CD30 and CK7 ultimately led the investigation toward a tumor of mesenchymal origin. Further, immunohistochemical evaluation demonstrated positive CD31 and Factor VIII staining and established the final diagnosis of epithelioid angiosarcoma. The tumor cells were negative for CD34, CK20, alpha-fetoprotein, placental-like alkaline phosphatase, hepatocyte paraffin 1, polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigen, CD10, CA-125, prostate-specific antigen, and prostatic acid phosphatase. This case is reported to illustrate the importance of considering the diagnosis of epithelioid angiosarcoma when encountering an “epithelioid” neoplasm particularly with unusual immunoreactivity for CK7 and CD30. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Hemodynamic effects of pirbuterol in conscious dogs

Abstract We studied a new synthetic "selective" beta 2 catecholamine, pirbuterol (PBL), in eight conscious, chronically instrumented dogs. PBL was administered as 10-minute intravenous infusions of 0.125, 0.5, 2, 4, and 8 μg/kg/min. At 2 μg/kg/min, changes from control (all significant at p 2 and beta 1 effects, and compared with isoproterenol at doses that give equivalent increases in myocardial contractility, PBL produced less increase in an index of myocardial oxygen consumption in three of the four dogs studied. On the basis of these data PBL may be useful for treating low CO syndromes without provoking myocardial ischemia.
A Multiscreen Multiple Image Display Console

We have developed a prototype display console with which we can investigate issues related to the display of medical images. Our system is not a clinical tool, but rather a research tool that allows us to study how radiologists carry out the image reading procedure. For this study we used chest CT scans which are made up of 22 to 34 scan slices. We were able to simultaneously display up to 32 scan slices at two different intensity windows, i.e. 64 images on one screen. We used two more screens as working screens where the radiologist could display four or sixteen images per screen. Our goal was to determine how the radiologists use the mutlti-image, multiple screen format. The results of our study showed that the radiologists use different strategies in viewing images, and that a display system must allow for those variations. The display of a complete image set, even though the images were shown at much less than full-sampling, was very useful as an overview of the patient study. Simultaneous display of images at different intensity windows was also very useful. The slow times (20 secs) for access to images was a drawback of our system.
Hybrid large-eddy/reynolds-averaged simulation of a supersonic cavity using VULCAN

Simulations of a supersonic recessed-cavity flow are performed using a hybrid large-eddy/Reynolds-averaged simulation approach utilizing an inflow turbulence recycling procedure and hybridized inviscid flux scheme. Calorically perfect air enters a three-dimensional domain at a free stream Mach number of 2.92. Simulations are performed to assess grid sensitivity of the solution, efficacy of the turbulence recycling, and the effect of the shock sensor used with the hybridized inviscid flux scheme. Analysis of the turbulent boundary layer upstream of the rearward-facing step for each case indicates excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. Mean velocity and pressure results are compared to Reynolds-averaged simulations and experimental data for each case and indicate good agreement on the finest grid. Simulations are repeated on a coarsened grid, and results indicate strong grid density sensitivity. Simulations are performed with and without inflow turbulence recycling on the coarse grid to isolate the effect of the recycling procedure, which is demonstrably critical to capturing the relevant shear layer dynamics. Shock sensor formulations of Ducros and Larsson are found to predict mean flow statistics equally well.
Tunable negative refractive index metamaterial in microstrip line for antenna applications

A solid tunable negative refractive index metamaterial is fabricated in a microstrip line using commercial available polycrystalline Yttrium Iron Garnet slabs and periodic copper wires. A clear tunable nonreciprocal 1 GHz wide passband that peaks at -10 dB is achieved near the negative refractive index region with a bias field of 3.4 kOe. Comparing with the previous tunable negative index metamaterial designs, this one is mechanically solid and relatively low loss, which can potentially be applied as substrates for antennas based on microstrip line.
G Protein-coupled Receptors and Resistance to Inhibitors of Cholinesterase-8A (Ric-8A) Both Regulate the Regulator of G Protein Signaling 14 (RGS14)·Gαi1 Complex in Live Cells

Regulator of G protein Signaling 14 (RGS14) is a multifunctional scaffolding protein that integrates both conventional and unconventional G protein signaling pathways. Like other RGS (regulator of G protein signaling) proteins, RGS14 acts as a GTPase accelerating protein to terminate conventional Gα(i/o) signaling. However, unlike other RGS proteins, RGS14 also contains a G protein regulatory/GoLoco motif that specifically binds Gα(i1/3)-GDP in cells and in vitro. The non-receptor guanine nucleotide exchange factor Ric-8A can bind and act on the RGS14·Gα(i1)-GDP complex to play a role in unconventional G protein signaling independent of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Here we demonstrate that RGS14 forms a Gα(i/o)-dependent complex with a G(i)-linked GPCR and that this complex is regulated by receptor agonist and Ric-8A (resistance to inhibitors of cholinesterase-8A). Using live cell bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, we show that RGS14 functionally associates with the α(2A)-adrenergic receptor (α(2A)-AR) in a Gα(i/o)-dependent manner. This interaction is markedly disrupted after receptor stimulation by the specific agonist UK14304, suggesting complex dissociation or rearrangement. Agonist-mediated dissociation of the RGS14·α(2A)-AR complex occurs in the presence of Gα(i/o) but not Gα(s) or Gα(q). Unexpectedly, RGS14 does not dissociate from Gα(i1) in the presence of stimulated α(2A)-AR, suggesting preservation of RGS14·Gα(i1) complexes after receptor activation. However, Ric-8A facilitates dissociation of both the RGS14·Gα(i1) complex and the Gα(i1)-dependent RGS14·α(2A)-AR complex after receptor activation. Together, these findings indicate that RGS14 can form complexes with GPCRs in cells that are dependent on Gα(i/o) and that these RGS14·Gα(i1)·GPCR complexes may be substrates for other signaling partners such as Ric-8A.
ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS OF STABILITY FOR PRISMATIC SOLIDS UNDER AXIAL LOADS

Abstract This work addresses the stability of axially loaded prismatic beams with any simply connected crosssection. The solids obey a general class of rate-independent constitutive laws, and can sustain finite strains in either compression or tension. The proposed method is based on multiple scale asymptotic analysis, and starts with the full Lagrangian formulation for the three-dimensional stability problem, where the boundary conditions are chosen to avoid the formation of boundary layers. The calculations proceed by taking the limit of the beam's slenderness parameter, e (e 2 ≡ area/length 2 ), going to zero, thus resulting in asymptotic expressions for the critical loads and modes. The analysis presents a consistent and unified treatment for both compressive (buckling) and tensile (necking) instabilities, and is carried out explicitly up to o ( e 4 ) in each case. The present method circumvents the standard structural mechanics approach for the stability problem of beams which requires the choice of displacement and stress field approximations in order to construct a nonlinear beam theory. Moreover, this work provides a consistent way to calculate the effect of the beam's slenderness on the critical load and mode to any order of accuracy required. In contrast, engineering theories give accurately the lowest order terms ( O ( e 2 )—Euler load—in compression or O (1)—maximum load—in tension) but give only approximately the next higher order terms, with the exception of simple section geometries where exact stability results are available. The proposed method is used to calculate the critical loads and eigenmodes for bars of several different cross-sections (circular, square, cruciform and L-shaped). Elastic beams are considered in compression and elastoplastic beams are considered in tension. The O ( e 2 ) and O ( e 4 ) asymptotic results are compared to the exact finite element calculations for the corresponding three-dimensional prismatic solids. The O ( e 4 ) results give significant improvement over the O ( e 2 ) results, even for extremely stubby beams, and in particular for the case of cross-sections with commensurate dimensions.
Natural History and Epidemiology of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Relationship Among Urologic Measures

Numerically weak correlations can stem from research studies for numerous reasons, some of which have little to do with lack of true physiologic relationships. Previous investigators have reported relatively weak correlations among urologic measures, mostly based on patients referred to urologic clinics. Such samples of patients may be prone to self-selection or referral bias. Men seeking medical care for urinary symptoms are more likely to have more severe symptoms, low urinary flow rates, and prostatic enlargement, and hence clinic-based samples may reflect a narrow spectrum in urologic measures, resulting in attenuated correlation coefficients. Measurement error in the technique or equipment, lack of specificity, and within-patient variability can also attenuate correlations. Thus, the characteristics of the sample upon which correlations are calculated must be considered in the interpretation of the magnitude of relationships among measurements. Possibly due to the broader spectrum, community-based studies have recently found modest but somewhat stronger relationships among urologic measures than previously documented. Such correlations are comparable to those found in other disease areas. In addition, such studies have documented that symptoms, urinary flow rate, and prostatic enlargement are predictive of long-term complications, such as acute urinary retention, with predictive relationships comparable to those found in other disease areas. Thus, the relationships among and predictive ability of urologic measures may be stronger than currently appreciated.
Simulation of complete seismic surveys for evaluation of experiment design and processing

Synthesis of complete seismic survey data sets allows analysis and optimization of all stages in an acquisition/processing sequence. The characteristics of available survey designs, parameter choices, and processing algorithms may be evaluated prior to field acquisition to produce a composite system in which all stages have compatible performance; this maximizes the cost effectiveness for a given level of accuracy, or for targets with specific characteristics. Data sets synthesized for three salt structures provide representative comparisons of time and depth migration, post-stack and prestack processing, and illustrate effects of varying recording aperture and shot spacing, iterative focusing analysis, and the interaction of migration algorithms with recording aperture. A final example demonstrates successful simulation of both 2-D acquisition and processing of a real data line over a salt pod in the Gulf of Mexico.
Analysis of sodium transport in the amphibian oocyte by extractive and radioautographic techniques.

The transport of Na+ in mature Eurycea oocytes was studied by quantitative radioautography of 22Na+ using techniques suitable for localization of diffusible solutes, together with conventional extractive techniques. Intracellular Na+ consisted of three kinetic fractions: a cytoplasmic fast fraction of about 8.5 µeq/ml H2O; a cytoplasmic slow fraction of about 58.7 µeq/ml H2O; and a nuclear fast fraction of about 11.1 µeq/ml H2O. A nuclear slow fraction, if it exists, does not exceed 5% of the cytoplasmic. The fast fractions represent freely diffusible Na+ in the two compartments; the nuclear solvent space is 1.3 times the cytoplasmic. The flux of both fast fractions is determined by the permeability of the cortical membrane, with neither the nuclear membrane nor diffusion in the cytoplasm detectably slowing the flux. The cytoplasmic slow fraction is interpreted to represent Na+ bound to nondiffusible constituents which are excluded from the nucleus; these may be yolk platelets, although the widespread observation of Na+ binding in other cells, and the high Na+/K+ selectivity, argues against simple ion-binding to the yolk phosphoprotein.
Control of a Micro Aerial Vehicle: Stability Derivatives and Their Measurements

Despite the growing interest and widespread use of Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) for a multitude of applications, little is known quantitatively about the specifics of the flow regimes associated with these aircrafts. In order to facilitate the simulation of MAV flight, it is necessary to revisit the linearized equations of motion which describe the frequency response of an aircraft to a perturbation from steady level flight. This investigation provides experimental evidence that several stability derivatives generally considered negligible for conventional aircraft are in fact highly relevant for MAVs; thus, the linear equations of motion are rederived to incorporate these additional terms. Calibration data for the experimental setup was conducted in the form of measuring the aerodynamic loading and associated stability of a flat semicircular wing. Some preliminary aerodynamic loading data collected for the CU MAV is analyzed; for example, the nondimensional stability derivative @C M @ is measured to be -0.7. Finally, the relevance of these results on the flight performance of the vehicle is considered and the future work required for frequency response simulations of a MAV is described.
Evolution of Acute Infections and the Invasion‐Persistence Trade‐Off

We seek to understand the conditions favoring the evo- lution of acute, highly transmissible infections. Most work on the life-history evolution of pathogens has focused on the transmission- virulence trade-off. Here we focus on a distinct trade-off that op- erates, even among avirulent pathogens, between a pathogen's speed of invasion and its ability to persist in a finite host population. Other authors have shown how this invasion-persistence trade-off can lead to intermediate pathogen attack rates but have done so only by imposing trade-offs between the pathogen's transmissibility and the duration of the infectious period. Here we delve deeper, by linking a model of within-host pathogen dynamics—in which pathogen life- history parameters figure directly—to an epidemiological model at the population level. We find that a key determinant of the evolu- tionary trajectory is the shape of the dose-response curve that relates within-host pathogen load to between-host transmission. In partic- ular, under the usual assumption of proportionality we find that pathogens tend to evolve to the edge of their own extinction. Under more realistic assumptions, a critical host population size exists, above which highly acute pathogens are buffered from extinction. Our study is motivated by the emergence of acuteness in two human pathogens, Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis, which in- dependently evolved from an ancestor, Bordetella bronchiseptica, char- acterized by chronic (nonacute) infection of wildlife. In contrast to the plethora of models that predict evolution of more aggressive pathogens in larger or denser populations, the invasion-persistence trade-off also operates for frequency-dependent pathogens.
HIGH PRESSURE DEFORMATION STUDY OF ZIRCONIUM

In situ deformation studies of polycrystalline materials using diffraction are an established method to understand elastic and plastic deformation of materials. Studies of active deformation mechanisms, the interplay of deformation with texture and ultimately the development of predictive capabilities for deformation modeling are an active field of research. Parameters studied by diffraction are typically lattice strains and texture evolution, which coupled with the macroscopic flow curve allow for improved understanding of the micro-mechanics of deformation. We performed a study of the uni-axial deformation of Zircaloy-2 at 2 GPa at the 13-BM-D beam line at the Advanced Photon Source. The deformation-DIA apparatus generates a confining hydrostatic pressure using a cubic anvil setup. Two differential rams allow increase (compressive load) or decrease (tensile load) of the uni-axial straining in the vertical direction, allowing studies of plastic deformation at high pressures. In this paper, we describe how macroscopic strains, hydrostatic pressure and uni-axial strains are derived and present some brief
Coreference Semantics from Web Features

To address semantic ambiguities in coreference resolution, we use Web n-gram features that capture a range of world knowledge in a diffuse but robust way. Specifically, we exploit short-distance cues to hypernymy, semantic compatibility, and semantic context, as well as general lexical co-occurrence. When added to a state-of-the-art coreference baseline, our Web features give significant gains on multiple datasets (ACE 2004 and ACE 2005) and metrics (MUC and B3), resulting in the best results reported to date for the end-to-end task of coreference resolution.
Seasonal Variation in Hematology and Blood Plasma Chemistry Values of the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus)

Hematology, biochemical analyses, and body condition indices are useful tools for describing animal health, especially when making management decisions for species of conservation concern. We report hematologic, biochemical, and body condition index data for 13 free-ranging timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) sampled repeatedly over an active season in Indiana, USA. Hematology, biochemical, and body condition index analyses are useful tools for diagnosing diseases at early stages (Strik et al. 2007) and assessing the relationship between a population's health and the quality of habitat (Allender et al. 2006). Furthermore, changes in environ- mental conditions or disease can cause stress, which can be detected in hemato- logic data (Oppliger et al. 1998), especially if they change over time (Peterson 2002). The monitoring of individuals' data over time is necessary for detecting significant deviations and is especially useful when making management decisions for species of conservation concern (Christopher et al. 1999). However, baseline hematology, bio- chemical, and body condition data from healthy, wild individuals are rare or nonex- istent in many wildlife species. The timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horri- dus) is the most widespread rattlesnake in the eastern US (Conant and Collins 1998), and it is imperiled at some level across much of its range (MacGowan et al. 2009); however, no baseline hematologic and plasma biochemical temporal reference intervals exist for this species. To aid in its conservation, we report baseline and tem- poral hematologic and plasma biochemical reference intervals for this species. We repeatedly captured and sampled 13 (five male and eight female) healthy, radiomarked (MacGowan and Walker 2013), free-ranging timber rattlesnakes over the course of an active season (April-September 2012) in south-central Indiana. All individuals had survived at least one winter after transmitters were implanted, indicating they had recovered. We sampled each individual between 6:00 AM and 8:00 PM at each of three sampling periods: spring (6-18 April), midsummer (9-25 July), and autumn (7-23 Septem- ber). We captured and restrained snakes using snake hooks and a snake tube. To minimize effects of handling stress on our results, we collected blood samples imme- diately upon capture (Kimble and Wil- liams 2012). We drew 0.5-1.0 mL of blood from the caudal vein using a lithium- heparinized 25-gauge, 1.9-cm needle. Immediately after blood collection, we made three blood smears per individual (Sykes and Klaphake 2008) and fixed them with 100% methanol in the field. We stored the remaining blood in lithium- heparinized tubes on ice for later labora- tory analysis. We released snakes imme- diately at the point of capture. Animals were handled according to Purdue Uni- versity Animal Care and Use Protocol 07-037.
A History of ARNOVA

ARNOVA was founded in 1971 by David Horton Smith with the help of some others, particularly Burt R. Baldwin, Richard D. Reddy, and Eugene D. White, Jr. Financial resources were supplied by the Center for a Voluntary Society of Washington, DC, under the leadership first of James Shultz and later John Dixon. Incorporated as a 501(c)(3) in DC from the start, initially named Association of Voluntary Action Scholars, the organization operated very informally for the first 5 years. From 1977 to 1994, there was a more formal volunteer leadership period and then a paid executive director period beginning in 1994. The name was changed to ARNOVA in 1991. The Journal of Voluntary Action Research began publication in 1972, changing its name in 1989 to Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly. Other publications arose over the years. Annual conferences began in 1974. An ARNOVA-L Listserv was begun in 1991 and a CGAP-L Listserv in 1999. An awards program was begun in 1993. Two formal ARNOVA sections, one on teaching an...