cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Load profile estimation in electric transmission networks using independent component analysis

It is important to estimate electric loads profiles in the deregulated environment where competing entities need to assess the load demands based on partial knowledge of the system. Independent component analysis (ICA) is a statistical technique used to separate linear mixtures of statistical independent source signals by maximization of negentropy. In this paper, we apply ICA to estimate load profiles using only a small set of active line flow measurements without prior knowledge of the electric network model parameters or topology. A filtering based preprocessing technique is used to ensure statistical independence of load components. The influence of measurement noise and nonlinearity of the power flow model are also investigated. The proposed approach is demonstrated for a five-bus system as well as the IEEE 30-bus system.
Effects of Solvent Mixtures on the Nanoscale Phase Separation in Polymer Solar Cells

The mixed solvent approach has been demonstrated as a promising method to modify nanomorphology in polymer solar cells. This work aims to understand the unique role of the additive in the mixture solvent and how the optimized nanoscale phase separation develops laterally and vertically during the non-equilibrium spin-coating process. We found the donor/acceptor components in the active layer can phase separate into an optimum morphology with the additive. Supported by AFM, TEM and XPS results, we proposed a model and identified relevant parameters for the additive such as solubility and vapor pressures. Other additives are discovered to show the ability to improve polymer solar cell performance as well.
Inner activation gate in S6 contributes to the state-dependent binding of cAMP in full-length HCN2 channel.

Recently, applications of the patch-clamp fluorometry (PCF) technique in studies of cyclic nucleotide–gated (CNG) and hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide–regulated (HCN) channels have provided direct evidence for the long-held notion that ligands preferably bind to and stabilize these channels in an open state. This state-dependent ligand–channel interaction involves contributions from not only the ligand-binding domain but also other discrete structural elements within the channel protein. This insight led us to investigate whether the pore of the HCN channel plays a role in the ligand–whole channel interaction. We used three well-characterized HCN channel blockers to probe the ion-conducting passage. The PCF technique was used to simultaneously monitor channel activity and cAMP binding. Two ionic blockers, Cs+ and Mg2+, effectively block channel conductance but have no obvious effect on cAMP binding. Surprisingly, ZD7288, an open channel blocker specific for HCN channels, significantly reduces the activity-dependent increase in cAMP binding. Independent biochemical assays exclude any nonspecific interaction between ZD7288 and isolated cAMP-binding domain. Because ZD7228 interacts with the inner pore region, where the activation gate is presumably located, we did an alanine scanning of the intracellular end of S6, from T426 to A435. Mutations of three residues, T426, M430, and H434, which are located at regular intervals on the S6 α-helix, enhance cAMP binding. In contrast, mutations of two residues in close proximity, F431A and I432A, dampen the response. Our results demonstrate that movements of the structural elements near the activation gate directly affect ligand binding affinity, which is a simple mechanistic explanation that could be applied to the interpretation of ligand gating in general.
CHAIN: Introducing minimum controlled coordination into random access MAC

IEEE 802.11 DCF is the dominant protocol used in existing WLANs. However, the efficiency of DCF progressively degrades with the increase of contending clients in the network as well as the wireless link rate. To address this issue, in this paper, we present a distributed random media access protocol, named CHAIN, which significantly improves uplink performance of WLANs. CHAIN mainly uses overhearing to coordinate clients in a network, and thus introduces little control overhead. The key in CHAIN is a novel piggyback transmission opportunity. In CHAIN, clients maintain a precedence relation among one another, and a client can immediately transmit a new packet after it overhears a successful transmission of its predecessor, without going through the regular contending process. When the network load is low, CHAIN behaves similar to DCF; But when the network becomes congested, clients automatically start chains of transmissions to improve efficiency. CHAIN is derived from DCF and co-exists friendly with it. Moreover, it possesses all the advantages of the 802.11 DCF standard - simplicity, robustness, and scalability. We analytically prove the correctness and fairness of CHAIN. Our extensive simulations on J-SIM verify our analytical results, and demonstrate significant performance gain of CHAIN over DCF.
Secure query processing in distributed database management systems-design and performance studies

Distributed systems are vital for the efficient processing required in military applications. For these applications it is especially important that the distributed database management systems (DDBMS) should operate in a secure manner. For example, the DDBMS should allow users, who are cleared to different levels, access to the database consisting of data at a variety of sensitivity levels without compromising security. The authors focus on secure query processing in a DDBMS. Implementation of secure query processing algorithms in a DDBMS as well as an analysis of the performance of the algorithms is described. >
CORR Insights®: Risk Calculators Predict Failures of Knee and Hip Arthroplasties: Findings from a Large Health Maintenance Organization

I n their study, Paxton and colleagues created a risk calculator to help individual patients and their surgeons better understand the risks of undergoing revision surgery following total hip or knee replacement. Risk calculators are helpful additions to facilitate shared-decision making among patients and physicians as they allow patients to better understand the potential for experiencing an adverse outcome. Importantly, the current study also highlights some of the benefits that can result from the collection of patient data in clinical registries by enabling the development and implementation of this risk calculator.
An Intronic Enhancer Is Required for Deflagellation-induced Transcriptional Regulation of a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dynein Gene

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii flagellar regeneration is accompanied by rapid induction of genes encoding a large set of flagellar structural components and provides a model system to study coordinate gene regulation and organelle assembly. After deflagellation, the abundance of a 70-kDa flagellar dynein intermediate chain (IC70, encoded by ODA6) mRNA increases approximately fourfold within 40 min and returns to predeflagellation levels by approximately 90 min. We show by nuclear run-on that this increase results, in part, from increased rates of transcription. To localize cis induction elements, we created an IC70 minigene and measured accumulation, in C. reinhardtii, of transcripts from the endogenous gene and from introduced promoter deletion constructs. Clones containing 416 base pairs (bp) of 5'- and 2 kilobases (kb) of 3'-flanking region retained all sequences necessary for a normal pattern of mRNA abundance change after deflagellation. Extensive 5'- and 3'- flanking region deletions, which removed multiple copies of a proposed deflagellation-response element (the tub box), did not eliminate induction, and the IC70 5'-flanking region alone did not confer deflagellation responsiveness to a promoterless arylsulfatase (ARS) gene. Instead, an intron in the IC70 gene 5'-untranslated region was found to contain the deflagellation response element. These results suggest that the tub box does not play an essential role in deflagellation-induced transcriptional regulation of this dynein gene.
Egg Quality and Yolk Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Status in Relation to Broiler Breeder Hen Age and Dietary n-3 Oils

The effects of broiler breeder hen age and dietary n-3 oils on yolk n-3 and n-6 fatty acid composition, egg quality, fertility, and hatchability were investigated. A total of 2,200 eggs were collected from wk 26 through 62 from Cobb breeder hens fed diets containing 1.75% fish oil + 1.75% yellow grease (low n-3) or 3.5% fish oil (high n-3). Eggs obtained from a commercial source were used as the control for n-6 and n-3 fatty acid composition and hatchability studies. A significant decrease in egg weight, yolk weight, shell weight, and yolk color was observed for high n-3 when compared with low n-3 eggs (P 18-C) n-6 PUFA (AA+ 22:4 n-6+22:5 n-6) constituted over 0.3 g per commercial egg when compared with 0.09 and 0.07 g in low and high n-3 eggs, respectively. The content of DHA in commercial eggs was negligible ( 0.05). The overall fertility was 96%, and hatchability of fertile eggs was 80% for commercial eggs.
Starry night: using story to inform aesthetic knowing in women's health nursing.

Starry night: using story to inform aesthetic knowing in women’s health nursing Aim of the Paper. This paper describes the use of story as a vehicle to inform aesthetic knowing in nursing. Because health care demands that nurses know two distinct languages, the language of nursing science with its quantifiable outcomes as well as the experiential observations of health and illness, it is critical that nurses be fluent in each discourse. Background. Nursing scholars have long voiced a commitment to two epistemological domains: scientifically derived knowledge (empirics) as well as the expressive, creative, intuitive application of knowledge (aesthetics). In recognition of the need for these interpretive paradigms for practice, nursing scholars have sought to identify the kinds of knowing which provide the nursing discipline with its unique perspective. Discussion. Stories mould every human encounter and telling one’s story in the context of a trusting relationship allows women and nurses to journey together to uncover and discover the meanings inherent in the story. Through this mutual process of unfolding the story, nurses engage the women in deep reflection and focus on what ‘might be’ so that possibilities for the future are illuminated. This is important in all nursing, but particularly in women’s health nursing because the emergence of story suggests that contextual, phenomena-centred knowledge has found its voice in the nursing care of women as a way of knowing that focuses on personal experience and relies on methods in which woman-to-woman caring facilitates the disclosure of the human health-illness experience. Conclusions. Storytelling is a useful strategy to inform aesthetic knowing in nursing. Stories supply a foundation for nursing scholarship because truly to hear women’s stories require nurses analyse information, formulate hypotheses, and seek to understand the causal relationships as expressed by women. Through this analysis and attention to detail, nurses are able to glimpse possibilities for the future, thus transforming the experience.
Vapor Phase Homogeneous Nucleation of Higher Alkanes: Dodecane, Hexadecane, and Octadecane. 2. Corresponding States and Scaling Law Analysis†

The results from corresponding states and scaled nucleation models indicate that the nucleation behavior of the normal alkanes follows a predictable trend. Systematic deviations from ideal fluid behavior can be correlated to physical properties, such as the increase in the entropy of vaporization and the increase in the excess surface entropy of the nucleating clusters. Hale's scaled nucleation model allows for the accurate prediction of nucleation threshold behavior for the alkanes. Experimental agreement with the model is maintained throughout the temperature range studied. The scaled model for the nucleation rate provides a better description of the experimental rates than the classical nucleation theory. The addition of extra terms to the classical expression of the free energy of cluster formation and the inclusion of the Fisher's droplet model term significantly compensate for the strong temperature dependence present in the flux prefactor of the classical rate equation. For accurate predictions of ...
Efficient decentralized consensus protocols in a distributed computing system

Two classes of efficient decentralized consensus protocols for a distributed computing system consisting of an arbitrary number of nodes, one without an initiator and the other with an initiator, are described. It is shown that the protocol without an initiator can be systematically executed and completed in the minimal number of steps. The protocol with an initiator is divided into three phases: broadcasting phase, shuffling phase, and confirming phase. It is proved that under the protocol with initiator, a distributed system of p nodes reaches consensus with an initiator in the minimal number of steps required. The total number of messages required by the protocol with initiator is derived. >
Genetic Diversity in Hominoid Primates

▪ Abstract Humans are only one of the species produced by the hominoid evolutionary radiation. Common and pygmy chimpanzees (our closest relatives), gorillas, orangutans, and the lesser apes also belong to this group. In humans, patterns of genetic variation are becoming increasingly better characterized by modern molecular methods. Understanding human variation in an evolutionary context, however, requires comparison of human patterns with those of other hominoids, to reveal features shared among hominoids and those unique to humans. Genetic variation among chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans is beginning to be characterized, so that comparisons are now possible. From genetic data, several different kinds of information can be reconstructed, including the evolutionary relatedness of subspecies and populations, time estimates for evolutionary divergences, past population dynamics, extent of gene flow over geographical landscapes, and group social structure. Knowledge of hominoid genetic variation is als...
Homelessness Is Traumatic: Abuse, Victimization, and Trauma Histories of Homeless Men

Homelessness is traumatic, and trauma-informed care is an emerging best practice. Using structured interviews with day shelter clients (N = 152), this study examined trauma among homeless men. The PTSD Checklist (PCL–C) was used to assess for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Participants’ pattern of PCL–C responses suggested that 23% to 30% screened positive for PTSD. Those with positive PTSD screens had been homeless longer and were more likely to have met time criteria for chronic homelessness. They were significantly more likely to be veterans and to report violent attacks, abuse histories, and mental health problems. Importantly, only 69% of those with positive PTSD screens acknowledged current mental health problems. These individuals were much less likely to report mental health counseling in the prior year.
Transportation Engineering Instructors’ Decision-Making Processes for Course Changes

AbstractMuch funding has been dedicated to the development of research-based instructional strategies in an effort to improve the state of science and engineering education in the United States, but these efforts have not led to the desired level of dissemination and adoption among engineering faculty members. In order to better understand what is hindering the dissemination and adoption of research-based curricular components, more insight is needed into the curriculum planning and sharing processes of engineering educators. To that end, interviews were conducted with 24 transportation engineering instructors about their curriculum planning in order to better understand the decision-making process and to determine characteristics of curricular components that instructors implement in their classrooms. Specifically, this article examines what course components faculty change, why they change them, how they go about changing them, and what resources they utilize to make changes. Based on these findings, re...
A 380µW Rx, 2.6mW Tx 433MHz FSK transceiver with a 102dB link budget and bit-level duty cycling

This paper presents a low-power, long-range 433MHz transceiver designed for 2-FSK modulation at 1kbps in 8 different physical channels capable of communicating with a Texas Instruments CC1101. Designed in a 130nm CMOS process with an area of 1.1mm2, the transmitter's output power is 0dBm and the receiver has a sensitivity of −102dBm producing a link budget >100dB and a theoretical range >5km assuming 1/d2 path loss. Low transmitter power is achieved using a 0.5V Class-E PA and low receiver power is achieved by implementing a digitally-assisted demodulator with further power reduction achieved through bit-level duty cycling with an off power of 110nW.
SOCIAL COMPLEXITY AMONG THE LOWLAND VIRGIN ANASAZI

Burials from the site of Main Ridge provide an important test of recent assertions that Anasazi societies in southern Nevada were chiefdoms. Six of forty-five burials included shell or turquoise ornaments, and the quantity of associations ranged from one to twenty-one items. Despite this variability, the burial population does not show the strong associations among burial location, kinds of associations and quantities of associations to be expected of a ranked society.
Chapter 11 Mortality and morbidity among adults and the elderly

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the questions to be asked of the compiled mortality and morbidity data, paying particular attention to those data sources that are readily available and to those methods that have proven or may prove themselves particularly fruitful. Differential rates of infant mortality among countries may also explain differential mortality and morbidity for adults and the elderly among countries. The chapter indicates that demographic, epidemiologic, biological, and socio-economic paradigms must take in order for the study of mortality and morbidity of adults and the elderly to bear fruitful results. Central to the study of such a complex issue is the availability of data monitoring systems that provide accurate information on disease etiology and specific causes-of-death and the plethora of economic, biological, lifestyle and behavioral, and other risk factors, whose relevance to mortality and morbidity outcomes are discussed in the chapter.
Beyond Chemotherapy: An Overview and Review of Targeted Therapy in Cervical Cancer

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of current and up and coming targeted therapies in cervical cancer with or without chemotherapy. Methods We reviewed the literature using search terms cervical cancer AND immunotherapy , immune therapy , vaccines , bevacizumab , anti-angiogenic therapy , and PARP inhibitors on PubMed. We included all review articles and prospective trials. We also reviewed ClinicalTrials.gov for trials in progress. Findings The addition of bevacizumab has improved the overall survival of women with advanced or recurrent cervical cancer when compared with cytotoxic therapy alone. This advancement has sparked an interest in other anti-angiogenic agents. Additionally, targeted therapies, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immunotherapy, and vaccine therapy, are also being evaluated. Another exciting area of study is the role of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition in cervical cancer. Implications Though the results are promising, the data are preliminary and additional studies evaluating the proper combination of therapy, dosing, and schedules will help inform the ideal regimen.
No mimics O2 in the carotid body chemoreception.

Nitric oxide (NO) by virtue of its chemical binding with biological heme compounds in competition with O2 (Martin et al., 1986), can mimic carotid body responses to PO2 changes. That NO is produced endogenously (Palmeret al., 1987) and that its application dilates blood vessels and improved coronary blood flow have long been known (Amezcua et al., 1989). More recently nitric oxide synthase (NOS) which generates NO from L-arginine has been localized in many tissues including blood vessels (Moncada et al., 1991), peripheral nerves (Gillespie et al., 1990) neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) and ganglia (Ross et al., 1990; Garthwaite, 1990; Bredt et al., 1990). The consensus is that the mechanism of effects of NO is due to its reaction with soluble guanylate cyclase, a heme compound, and an increased production of cGMP which mediates the physiological responses (Bredt & Snyder, 1992)
Partial characterization of a nonmicellar system of cholesterol solubilization in bile.

We have shown that there were two distinctly separate cholesterol-containing fractions in human hepatic and gallbladder bile. In addition to mixed micelles that were composed of bile salts, cholesterol, and phospholipids and measured at approximately 25 A by quasi-elastic light scattering spectroscopy, there was a nonmicellar fraction made up of cholesterol and phospholipids with no, or only trace amount of bile salts. This fraction had a mean hydrodynamic radius of 600 A. When studied with electron microscopy, the fraction consisted of particle spherical in shape that measured 900–1,300 A in diameter and were monodisperse. This form of cholesterol had a low buoyant density of less than 1.05 g/ml by density gradient ultracentrifugation and eluted as a macromolecular aggregate (mol wt greater than 200,000) employing Sephadex G-75 chromatography. The quantity of nonmicellar cholesterol in bile correlated positively with the cholesterol saturation index (r = 0.649; P less than 0.001) and inversely with relat...
A Gauss-Kronrod-Trapezoidal integration scheme for modeling biological tissues with continuous fiber distributions

Fibrous biological tissues may be modeled using a continuous fiber distribution (CFD) to capture tension–compression nonlinearity, anisotropic fiber distributions, and load-induced anisotropy. The CFD framework requires spherical integration of weighted individual fiber responses, with fibers contributing to the stress response only when they are in tension. The common method for performing this integration employs the discretization of the unit sphere into a polyhedron with nearly uniform triangular faces (finite element integration or FEI scheme). Although FEI has proven to be more accurate and efficient than integration using spherical coordinates, it presents three major drawbacks: First, the number of elements on the unit sphere needed to achieve satisfactory accuracy becomes a significant computational cost in a finite element (FE) analysis. Second, fibers may not be in tension in some regions on the unit sphere, where the integration becomes a waste. Third, if tensed fiber bundles span a small regi...
Occurrence of Southwestern Pottery in Los Angeles County, California

The occurrence of sherds of Southwestern pottery in several localities is noted. These sherds are briefly described and are discussed in terms of probable trade routes between the Southwest and southern California.
Human genome epidemiology: translating advances in human genetics into population-based data for medicine and public health.

Human Genome Epidemiology: Translating advances in human genetics into population-based data for medicine and public health
Path Planning for a UAV Performing Reconnaissance of Static Ground Targets in Terrain

In this article we consider a path planning problem for a single fixed-wing aircraft performing an ISR (Intelligence Surveillance Reconnaissance) mission using EO (ElectroOptical) camera(s). We give a mathematical formulation of the general aircraft visual reconnaissance problem for static ground targets in terrain and show that, under simplifying assumptions, it can be reduced to a variant of the Traveling Salesman Probem which we call the PVDTSP (Polygon-Visiting Dubins Traveling Salesman Problem). We design a genetic algorithm to solve the PVDTSP and validate it in a Monte Carlo numerical study. For fixed computation time, the genetic algorithm produces reconnaissance tours on average nearly half the length (and thus can be flown in half the time) of those delivered by a random search. The modular design of the genetic algorithm allows it to easily be extended to handle realistic assumptions such as wind and airspace constraints.
Analysis and Treatment of Abnormal Vibration of Steam Turbine Rotor Caused by Carbon Deposition of Oil Baffle

Fault characteristics,treatment measures and analysis procedure of steam turbine intermissive shafting vibration of No.2 generator unit of a power plant in Guangxi are introduced.It is pointed out that the rub between oil baffle which has carbonized oil sludge and steam turbine rotor is the main reason which causes the abnormal vibration.After the cleaning of carbonized oil sludge the shafting vibration becomes normal.Methods to treat with this kind of generatorvibration problemare given.
Rhesus monkeys show human-like changes in gaze following across the lifespan

Gaze following, or co-orienting with others, is a foundational skill for human social behaviour. The emergence of this capacity scaffolds critical human-specific abilities such as theory of mind an...
Four Weeks of Balance Training does not Affect Ankle Joint Stiffness in Subjects with Unilateral Chronic Ankle Instability.

Background Balance training has been shown to be effective in preventing ankle sprain recurrences in subjects with chronic ankle instability (CAI) but the biomechanical pathways underlying the clinical outcomes are still unknown. This study was conducted to determine if a 4-week balance training intervention can alter the mechanical characteristics in ankles with CAI.
Joint reliability study of solder capped metal pillar bump interconnections on an organic substrate

Flip chip technology is widely used on the electronic packaging, and the market forces drive toward finer pitch interconnection. Cu pillar bump structure is a currently trend of the fine pitch flip chip package with less than 100μm bump pitch. But there is a solder volume limitation on solder capped Cu pillar bump structure. In addition, Cu may easily react with Sn-based solder into intermetallic compounds (IMCs). So it may be difficult for much finer pitch application with the structure. In this paper, we studied the fine pitch (50μm) flip chip interconnections with various bump structures and the die thickness. The 3-types of solder capped metal (Cu, Cu-Ni and Ni) pillar bumps and the 3-different die thickness (100μm, 300μm and 725μm) were evaluated. Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation was performed to analyze the thermal mechanical stress on the solder joint and on the root of metal pillar first. The result showed that the stress on the root of pillar on Ni pillar bump was higher than that of Cu pillar bump, and the stress on solder joint and the root of pillar was reduced by thinning the die thickness. To verify these results, the initial solder joints were observed using an optical microscope and a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The IMC phases, the IMC growth and the interconnect microstructures were compared. After these observations, a thermal cycling test (Condition : -55°C/+125°C) was performed, then the lifetime was compared between Cu pillar bump and Ni pillar bump. In the study, we obtained good reliability data on both pillars, but the lifetime of Cu pillar bumps was 1.5 times better than that of Ni pillar bump with the same structure. In addition, the electro-migration (EM) test was performed to investigate the EM behavior of microjoints on Cu pillar bump and Ni pillar bump. In the study, there is no significant difference on the electrical resistance variation until 2,000hrs.
A new defect chemistry model for Nb-doped SrCoO2.5+δ: The role of oxygen interstitials and delocalized-to-localized electron holes

Abstract A new defect chemistry model featuring oxygen interstitials ( O I " ) and delocalized-to-localized d-electron holes ( Co Co · ) as point defects is demonstrated under a perfect Brownmillerite SrCoO 2.5 reference framework to elucidate transport properties of Nb-doped SrCoO 2.5+δ (SCN) system over a range of partial pressure of oxygen (Po 2 ) and temperature (T). With this new defect chemistry model, the electronic conductivity behaviors with T and Po 2 can be well interpreted by the change in concentration of d -electron holes migrating with a constant mobility. The important concentration contours of electron holes, excess electrons and oxygen interstitials are mapped out on the T-Po 2 domain, from which hole-concentration and conductivity under iso-stoichiometry are reconstructed. The partial/integral molar thermodynamic properties and thermodynamic factor of the SCN solid solution are also determined. A transitional delocalized-to-localized hole-transport mechanism with decreasing oxygen stoichiometry is discussed based on p=p (T) obtained under constant oxygen stoichiometry.
Towards comparison of underwater SLAM methods: An open dataset collection

In this paper, we present an open collection of simulated datasets produced using the Underwater Simulator (UWSim). These datasets contain several trajectories in simulated scenarios with various levels of turbidity. Also, several sensor to estimate the robot displacement are available. The ground truth is available by using Global Positioning System data. Those information can be used to analyse and to perform Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). A comparative study between a bio-inspired approach and one of the most adopted algorithm in SLAM, the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), is produced using the datasets.
Incidence of Altered Biodistribution Detected by Indium 111 (111In) Imaging Prior to Yttrium 90 (90Y) Ibritumomab Tiuxetan (Zevalin®) Radioimmunotherapy: Results from a Zevalin Imaging Registry.

Abstract Background: The yttrium 90 (90Y) ibritumomab tiuxetan (ZevalinO) therapeutic regimen consists of rituximab 250 mg/m2 on day 1 and 8, followed by indium 111 (111In) ibritumomab tiuxetan for imaging on Day 1 and 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan for therapy on day 8. Indium 111 ibritumomab tiuxetan scans are performed as an added safety measure to ensure appropriate biodistribution of the radiolabeled antibody. Two scans are required at 2–24 hours and 48–72 hours, with an optional third scan performed at 90–120 hours after 111In ibritumomab tiuxetan. At the time of market launch, approximately 400 clinical trial patients had undergone 111In ibritumomab tiuxetan imaging (or full dosimetry) prior to receiving 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan treatment and, of these, only 1 case did not receive treatment because of altered biodistribution. A Zevalin imaging registry was established by Biogen Idec to collect additional information on treatment decisions based on imaging results. Methods: The registry collected de-identified treatment information from patients who received commercial 111In ibritumomab tiuxetan from 27 March 2002 through 31 March 2003. Survey data were collected on 953 of an estimated 1144–1192 patients who initiated ibritumomab tiuxetan therapy (case capture rate 80–83%). Results: Thirty-eight cases were reported in which a no-treatment decision was made following 111In ibritumomab tiuxetan imaging (4.0% of all cases captured); 16 of these were based on imaging rationale, and 22 based on medical issues. Twelve of the 16 imaging cases met the criteria for altered biodistribution (incidence 1.2%). Of these 12 cases, 6 cases (0.63%) were suspected to be true altered biodistribution (4 prominent bone marrow, 1 pneumonia known to be present on CXR prior to imaging, and 1 case of increased renal uptake for which there is insufficient information to rule out a disease-related cause), and 6 cases (0.63%) appeared to be the results of the use of a 111In ibritumomab tiuxetan radiolabeling procedure that varied considerably from that described in the package insert. (After retraining the radiopharmacy using the unapproved procedure, no additional cases have been reported.) All cases of altered biodistribution were detected on scan 1, performed 2–24 hours following 111In ibritumomab tiuxetan administration. There were 22 instances in which no-treatment decisions were made based on medical issues. This represents an incidence of 2.3% of the 953 cases collected in the registry. These cases can be divided into 3 categories: patients with a known contraindication to ibritumomab tiuxetan therapy detected after imaging (n = 2); patients with an expected biodistribution but with a rapid change in clinical condition precluding treatment (n = 19); and 1 other case (physician decision not to treat outside the labeled indication). Conclusion: The reporting rate of true altered biodistribution was
GBS-Based Deconvolution of the Surviving North American Collection of Cold-Hardy Kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) Germplasm

Plant germplasm collections can be invaluable resources to plant breeders, provided they are well-characterized. After 140 years of acquisition and curation efforts by a wide and largely non-coordinated array of private and institutional actors, the current US collection of cold-hardy kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) is rife with misclassifications, misnomers, and mix-ups. To facilitate the systematic improvement and resource-efficient curation of these species of long-recognized horticultural potential, we used genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data to deconvolute this historic collection. Evaluation of a total of 138 accessions (103 A. arguta, 28 A. kolomikta, and 7 A. polygama) with an interspecific set of 1,040 high-quality SNPs resulted in clear resolution of the three species. Intraspecific analysis (2,964 SNPs) within A. arguta revealed a significant level of redundancy (41.7%; only 60 unique genotypes out of 103 analyzed) and a sub-population structure reflecting likely geographic provenance, phenotypic classes, and hybrid pedigree. For A. kolomikta (3,425 SNPs), the level of accession redundancy was even higher (53.6%; 13 unique genotypes out of 28 analyzed); but no sub-structure was detected. Numerous instances were discovered of distinct genotypes sharing a common name, different names assigned to the same genotype, mistaken species assignments, and incorrect gender records, all critical information for both breeders and curators. In terms of method, this study demonstrates the practical and cost-effective use of GBS data to characterize plant genetic resources, despite ploidy differences and the lack of reference genomes. With the recent prohibition on further imports of Actinidia plant material into the country and with the active eradication of historic vines looming, this analysis of the US cold-hardy kiwifruit germplasm collection provides a timely assessment of the genetic resource base of an emerging, high-value specialty crop.
The role of external forcing and internal variability in regulating global mean surface temperatures on decadal timescales

Global mean surface temperature (GMST) shows considerable decadal variations superimposed on a pronounced warming trend, with rapid warming during 1920–1945 and 1977–2000 and warming hiatuses during 1946–1976 and 2001–2013. The prevailing view is that internally generated variations associated with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) dominate decadal variations in GMST, while external forcing from greenhouse gases and anthropogenic aerosols dominate the long-term trend in GMST over the last hundred years. Here we show evidence from observations and climate models that external forcing largely governs decadal GMST variations in the historical record with internally generated variations playing a secondary role, except during those periods of IPO extremes. In particular, the warming hiatus during 1946–1976 started from a negative IPO but was later dominated by the eruption of Mount Agung in 1963, while the subsequent accelerated warming during 1977–2000 was due primarily to increased greenhouse gas forcing. The most recent warming hiatus apparent in observations occurred largely through cooling from a negative IPO extreme that overwhelmed the warming from external forcing. An important implication of this work is that when the phase of the IPO turns positive, as it did in 2014, the combination of external forcing and internal variability should lead to accelerated global warming. This accelerated warming appears to be underway, with record high GMST in 2014, 2015, and 2016.
Dispute Resolution and Contract Incentives: Perceptions of Project Stakeholders

AbstractThe emergence of integrated project delivery and collaborative contracts has been the staple of the construction industry in the last decade, with the main goal of fostering a collaborative...
Real Time Social Attitude Expression Prediction

Via online social interactions, users in social networks can form their personal attitudes toward other users. Some of the personal social attitudes will be expressed explicitly, which are represented as the signed social links from the initiators to the recipients. In this paper, we will study the "social Attitude exPression prEdiction" (APE) problem, which aims at inferring both the expression activities and the expressed social attitudes simultaneously. The APE problem is very challenging to address due to two reasons: (1) extraction of useful features for predicting social attitude expression activities and the expressed social attitudes, and (2) the prediction model needs to incorporates the correlations between these two tasks covered in the APE problem. To address the APE problem, a novel real-time "Bayesian network based Integrated Social Attitude exPression inference" framework BI-SAP is introduced in this paper. Framework BI-SAP extracts a set of features for the expression activities and social attitudes from the networks based on various social closeness measures and social balance theory respectively. In addition, with the extracted features, the integrated social expression prediction framework BI-SAP is built based on the Bayesian network model, in which the dependence relationships between these two tasks covered in APE can be effectively represented and the parameters can be updated in real time. Extensive experiments conducted on real-world signed network datasets have demonstrated the effectiveness of BI-SAP in addressing the APE problem.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Women's Past-Year Physical IPV Perpetration and Victimization in Tanzania.

Recent studies of intimate partner violence (IPV) in high-resource countries suggest that men and women may perpetrate similar rates of violence against their partners, yet the prevalence and etiol...
In Vivo Methods for Studying the Action of Hypothalamic Hormones with Special Reference to Their Antisera as Tools for Investigation

Physiological actions of the hypothalamic hypophysiotropic hormones were extensively studied before these hormones were isolated. Experiments were performed using crude extracts of hypothalamic tissue in order to understand the action of a hypothalamic hormone. The physiological role of a hypothalamic hormone was indirectly studied by suppressing or stimulating production or release of the hormone by making a lesion or stimulating a certain area in the brain. To learn its biokinetics, the content of the hypothalamic hormone under various conditions was measured by using bioassays. The e-normous amount of data thus accumulated by many investigators has greatly contributed to our knowledge of neuroendocrinology.
John P. Hotter on what Leaders Really Do

(2000). John P. Hotter on what Leaders Really Do. Quality Management Journal: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 83-84.
Impacting Food Insecurity Through the Use of Screening Tools and Training

Food insecurity is described as invisible due to the unreliability of growth parameters or laboratory tests to detect struggling families. Effective screening requires standardized utilization of screening tools integrated into the clinical workflow and well-trained clinicians. In this chapter, we will first introduce a variety of screening tools that can be used clinically, either individually or as part of a more comprehensive social risk screening program. We will also introduce innovative curricula and evaluation tools to train clinicians, including trainees, to recognize the impact of FI and learn to appropriately screen families.
Conformity evaluation of data samples by L1-norm principal-component analysis

We describe an iterative procedure for soft characterization of outlier data in any given data set. In each iteration, data compliance to nominal data behavior is measured according to current L 1 -norm principal-component subspace representations of the data set. Successively refined L 1 -norm subspace data set representations lead to successively refined outlier data characterization. The effectiveness of the proposed theoretical scheme is experimentally studied and the results show significantly improved performance compared to L 2 -PCA schemes, standard L 1 -PCA, and state-of-the-art robust PCA methods.
Regulation of Type One Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Gene Expression in Cultured Endothelial Cells and the Vessel Wall

Type one plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) is a rapid and specific inhibitor of both tissue- and urokinase-type plasminogen activators. Increases in PAI-1 activity may alter the normal hemostatic balance and promote intravascular fibrin deposition. Expression of the PAI-1 gene in cultured endothelial cells is strongly stimulated by agents implicated as mediators of inflammatory or repair processes. In the vessel wall, the action of these mediators may trigger synthesis and release of PAI-1, leading to local and systemic deficits in fibrinolytic activity and an increased risk of thrombotic disease.
When women work: Endocrine reactivity in women during everyday physical activity at high altitude.

OBJECTIVES This study explores the acute endocrine reactivity of testosterone and cortisol in women engaging in everyday physical activity in a high altitude environment. METHODS Data were collected from 35 women living in the Himalayas, with women recruited from both high (>10 000 ft.) and low altitude villages (<10 000 ft.). Saliva samples were collected at 3 time points (pre-activity, 30 and 60 minutes) and women wore the wGT3X-BT Actigraph during an hour of everyday work to assess the relationship between high altitude, endocrine reactivity, and physical activity. Saliva samples were then analyzed for testosterone and cortisol. RESULTS Women living at high altitude had lower cortisol and testosterone levels, after controlling for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, age, and sum of skinfolds. CONCLUSIONS Testosterone and cortisol increase allocation of energy to costly somatic tissues and the utilization of stored energy. Lower production of these hormones may be beneficial for heightened energetic demands at high altitude.
ANIST Testbed for Examining the Accuracy of Smart Meters Under High Harmonic Waveform Loads

Household and industrial electrical energy measurements are advancing into a Smart Grid stage, using solid-state watt-hour meters, called smart meters. As electrical products are also becoming more based on solid-state designs, such as LED lighting and dimmers, electrical loads are not purely resistive, but contain voltage and current spikes. This paper describes a testbed laboratory that will attempt to model LED household lighting loads, and correlate the energy measurements for changes in accuracy by various kinds of smart meters under unusual loads.
Results of Telehealth Electronic Monitoring for Post Discharge Complications and Surgical Site Infections following Arterial Revascularization with Groin Incision

Background Post-surgical discharge complications result in increased hospital readmissions, cost, and patient dissatisfaction. Telehealth technology to monitor patients, especially those in geographically isolated areas, may reduce post-operative complications and improve health and financial outcomes. The primary objective of this study was to compare outcomes between patients who received TeleHealth Electronic Monitoring (THEM) and those with routine discharge instructions and no monitoring, Standard Of Care (SOC). Methods This is a prospective randomized study of vascular surgery patients with infrainguinal incisions. THEM patients received a tablet and home monitoring devices that transmitted information to care managers. Monitoring tools included image capture, weight scales, blood pressure cuffs, thermometers, and oxygen saturation monitors. Care managers used the TeleMed 2020 Enform™ platform to review alerts, real-time patient data, and dialogue with the care team. Results Eighty patients were screened and 30 enrolled, of which 16 (53.3%) were randomized to the THEM group and 14 (46.7%) to the control group. Average age and body mass index for THEM and control patients were similar (62.5 ± 7.2 vs. 65.7 ± 7.3, P = 0.234; and 27.7 ± 4.3 vs. 29.1 7.1, P = 0.487), respectively. There was a similar number of male participants in each group (THEM 62.5% vs. SOC 42.9%, P = 0.464). There were no significant differences in wound or 30-day readmissions (THEM 6.3% vs. SOC 7.1%, P = 1.000). Interestingly, 30-day infection rates indicated that care managers identified marginally more superficial wound problems in the THEM group (31.3% vs. 7.1%, P = 0.175). Both groups reported an increase in short-form-8 physical summary scores, but was more pronounced in THEM patients (P = 0.076). THEM patients reported a significantly greater improvement in quality of life on 3 of the short-form-8 quality subscales (physical function, role-physical, and role-emotional; THEM delta 7.5 versus Control delta 1.1; THEM delta 8.7 versus Control delta 1.1; and THEM delta 6.3 versus Control delta −0.5; all P Conclusions THEM was technically feasible and provided some benefit to patients in geographically disparate areas. THEM was associated with increased patient satisfaction. Additional findings suggested that THEM patients embraced telehealth technology and took advantage of increased access to healthcare professionals. Telehealth successfully merged remotely generated information with care manager interaction. Presently, a larger study, preferably multi-center, is warranted and under consideration.
Preliminary Study of Trusted Execution Environments on Heterogeneous Edge Platforms

The recent edge computing infrastructure introduces a new computing model that works as a complement of the traditional cloud computing. The edge nodes in the infrastructure reduce the network latency of the cloud computing model and increase data privacy by offloading the sensitive computation from the cloud to the edge. Recent research focuses on the applications and performance of the edge computing, but less attention is paid to the security of this new computing paradigm. Inspired by the recent move of hardware vendors that introducing hardware-assisted Trusted Execution Environment (TEE), we believe applying these TEEs on the edge nodes would be a natural choice to secure the computation and sensitive data on these nodes. In this paper, we investigate the typical hardware-assisted TEEs and evaluate the performance of these TEEs to help analyze the feasibility of deploying them on the edge platforms. Our experiments show that the performance overhead introduced by the TEEs is low, which indicates that integrating these TEEs into the edge nodes can efficiently mitigate security loopholes with a low-performance overhead.