cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of variable sources, processes and contaminants on the composition of northern EPR MORB (8–10°N and 12–14°N): Evidence from volatiles (H2O, CO2, S) and halogens (F, Cl)

Abstract New volatile (H2O, CO2, S), halogen (F, Cl) and trace-element data for selected fresh MORB glasses are reported from two geologically and geophysically well-studied regions on the East Pacific Rise (8–10°N and 12–14°N) with distinct differences in spreading rate and magma supply. Sample locations include on-axis and young off-axis eruptions, as well as off-axis fissures, abyssal hills and pillow mounds. H2O, F, S and trace-element concentrations increase with decreasing MgO content, displaying over-enriched liquid lines of descent consistent with combined fractional and in-situ crystallization. A negative correlation between CO2/Nb and MgO indicates simultaneous degassing and magma crystallization, while broadening of this correlation to lower CO2/Nb at constant MgO indicates shallow degassing and CO2 loss during magma transport to the seafloor. Excess Cl concentrations and associated high Cl/Nb and Cl/K ratios of some northern EPR MORB result from variable pre-eruption contamination by high-salinity brines derived from supercritical phase separation of seawater within deeply-rooted hydrothermal circulation systems. In the faster-spreading 9–10°N and the Siqueiros Transform region magma-brine contamination is limited to off-axis samples, while on-axis samples contain no excess Cl. In the slower-spreading 12–14°N region, on-axis and off-axis samples exhibit similar extents of Cl addition and magma-brine contamination. This contamination appears to affect only Cl, and does not appear to impact concentrations of H2O or highly incompatible trace elements such as K and Ba. Dissolved H2O and CO2 concentrations provide pressure estimates of eruption initiation, and indicate the majority of on-axis samples in the 9–10°N region (including Siqueiros Transform) and 12–14°N region were extracted from crustal depths equivalent to the top of the local axial magma chamber without significant degassing. Samples recovered from off-axis locations in both regions were in magma-vapour equilibrium at eruption depths or at best extracted undegassed from within layer 2B. These results indicate vertical transport of magma leading to eruption is generally faster on-axis than off-axis. Pressure estimates show that Cl addition mainly occurs within or below layer 2B, and rarely at the top of the axial magma chamber. Off-axis Cl contamination occurred similarly in both regions, independent of spreading rate. Uncontaminated samples from both regions yield similar estimates for H2O and halogen abundances in the northern EPR mantle. Combined estimates (128 ± 5 ppm H2O, 178 ± 1 ppm F, 1298 ± 6 ppm S, and 5.38 ± 1.1 ppm Cl) are similar to previous estimates based on volumetrically and geographically more-restricted host glass and melt inclusions from Siqueiros Transform samples.
NADP‐isocitrate dehydrogenase polymorphism in the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

Electrophoretic variation of Atlantic salmon NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase in liver extracts of material from Ireland is interpreted in terms of two loci, IDH-A and IDH-B, coding for cytoplasmically-located isozymes. The IDH-A locus is polymorphic with qIDH-A1=0.18 and qIDH-A2=0.82. This polymorphism is of potential value for investigating the population genetics of the two races of Atlantic salmon in Ireland. An additional, monomorphic band which appears in heart extracts may be a mitochondrial enzyme coded by a third locus.
Computational modeling, validation, and utilization for predicting the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of hydrogen IC engines

Hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines are considered to be more efficient and cleaner alternatives to their fossil-fueled counterparts. Reasonably fast and accurate predictive computational tools are essential for practical design, control and optimization of hydrogen engines. To serve for this broader purpose, a computational model, which has been widely used for gasoline and diesel engines, is investigated for its capability to simulate hydrogen engines. Specifically, fuel-specific sub-models are first incorporated by properly accounting for hydrogen’s distinct properties such as flame speed and burn rate. The accuracy of the model is then assessed by validating it in comparison to independent experimental data. Finally, it is utilized to quantify the environmental impact of exhaust gas recirculation. With these improvements, the present predictive model is shown to capture the measured engine performance and emission data well under different operating conditions. In particular, the variations of peak in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate, brake power, brake thermal efficiency, exhaust temperature, and NOx emissions are predicted close to the measured values. With the addition of a proportional-integral-derivative controller to the engine model, exhaust gas recirculation level is varied, resulting in nearly an order of magnitude reduction in NOx emissions during the present simulations.
Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes with a Metal-Containing Molecular Complex

Raw and oxidized carbon nanotubes have been reacted with Vaska's complex. It has been found that Ir coordinates to these nanotubes by two distinctive pathways. With raw nanotubes, the process is through a η2-coordination process. With oxidized nanotubes, the reaction occurs by coordination through the increased number of oxygen atoms, forming a hexacoordinate structure around the Ir atom. The reaction process significantly increases oxidized nanotube solubility in dimethylformamide.
Square-lattice algebraic spin liquid with SO(5) symmetry.

We propose a critical spin liquid ground state for S=1/2 antiferromagnets on the square lattice. In a renormalization group analysis of the "staggered flux" algebraic spin liquid, we examine perturbations, present in the antiferromagnet, which break its global SU(4) symmetry to SO(5). At physical parameter values, we find an instability towards a fixed point with SO(5) symmetry. We discuss the possibility that this fixed point describes a transition between the Neel and valence bond solid states, and the relationship to the SO(5) nonlinear sigma model of Tanaka and Hu.
Polyamines are absorbed through a y+ amino acid carrier in rat intestinal epithelial cells

Due to the similarity in transport characteristics of polyamines and the y+ basic amino acid system, we hypothesized that both substrates could be moving through a common carrier site. Competitive and cross inhibition experiments in intestinal epithelial cells revealed the possibility of a common transport site. N-ethylmalemide (NEM) inhibited both lysine and putrescine transport, confirming that both were carried by a y+ transporter. Overexpressing the y+ transporter CAT-1 in a polyamine transport-deficient cell line, CHO-MG, did not reconstitute polyamine-transport. Thus, polyamines are not traveling through CAT-1. To determine if lysine is carried by a polyamine transport site, an antizyme-overexpressing cell line was used. Antizyme overexpression decreased polyamine uptake by 50%; in contrast, lysine transport was unaffected. Therefore, lysine is not traveling through a polyamine transport site. It appears that polyamines and lysine are likely traveling through a common unknown y+ transport site.
Characteristics of patients adhering to a hospital's no-smoking policy

Abstract Objectives . The purpose of this paper is to examine the characteristics of smokers who adhere to a hospital smoking ban, compared to those who do not. Design . The data presented in this paper are baseline and discharge survey data collected among hospitalized smokers. Setting . This study was conducted in two teaching hospitals in a northeastern city. Patients/participants . The subjects were 358 smokers who participated in a larger smoking intervention trial. Main results . Seventy-six percent of the subjects reported adhering to the smoke-free policy during their hospital stay. In a multivariate model, demographic factors that predicted adherence included being older, having shorter length of stay, not reporting recreational drug use in the previous 12 months, and not having alcohol-related problems. Smoking history variables that predicted adherence included having had at least 24 h of abstinence in the 7 days prior to hospitalization; self-efficacy variables (e.g., confidence in ability to quit smoking in 1 month and less anticipated difficulty refraining from smoking during hospitalization) also predicted adherence. Conclusions . Understanding the factors that predict adherence to health care policies can provide useful information for health promotion interventions in a medical setting. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Building excellence in academic PM&R departments.

Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) academic departments are often part of large academic health care systems with the overarching mission of improving the health of the public. In reality, this is a very complex mission that includes providing excellent clinical care, teaching the next generation of health care providers (medical students, residents, fellows, allied health students), and completing scholarly activities that will expand physiatric knowledge and improve the way that health care is delivered in the future [1]. All physiatrists must strive to promote the growth and to value the increased recognition of the specialty of PM&R. This work is not done in isolation but through partnership with all rehabilitation professionals, other academic colleagues, and related professional organizations. The recognition of PM&R’s value depends on the success of academic PM&R programs in 3 domains: clinical care, education, and research. There are many challenges to building and maintaining excellence in academic departments, and it is increasingly difficult for academic programs to achieve excellence in all 3 missions.
BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI : I. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FIBRINOLYSIN.

The active fibrinolytic principle present in cultures of hemolytic streptococci can be isolated in stable form, and partially purified by the following methods: 1. Precipitation of culture filtrate with 3 volumes of 95 per cent ethyl alcohol. 2. Adsorption upon polyaluminum hydroxide B of Willstatter (5) followed by elution with M/10 sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.3. Concentration can be best accomplished by vacuum dialysis (4) of either culture filtrates or preparations obtained by adsorption and elution. The streptococcal fibrinolysin is characterized by the following properties: 1. It may resist heating to 100°C. for 60 minutes; variations in thermal resistance are described. 2. Partially purified preparations give positive tests for protein. Activity is rapidly and completely destroyed by trypsin or papain. 3. The active principle is demonstrable in dissolved fibrin even after 18 hours incubation.
A system for interpretation of line drawings

A system for interpretation of images of paper-based line drawings is described. Since a typical drawing contains both text strings and graphics, an algorithm has been developed to locate and separate text strings of various font sizes, styles, and orientations. This is accomplished by applying the Hough transform to the centroids of connected components in the image. The graphics in the segmented image are processed to represent thin entities by their core-lines and thick objects by their boundaries. The core-lines and boundaries are segmented into straight line segments and curved lines. The line segments and their interconnections are analyzed to locate minimum redundancy loops which are adequate to generate a succinct description of the graphics. Such a description includes the location and attributes of simple polygonal shapes, circles, and interconnecting lines, and a description of the spatial relationships and occlusions among them. Hatching and filling patterns are also identified. The performance of the system is evaluated using several test images, and the results are presented. The superiority of these algorithms in generating meaningful interpretations of graphics, compared to conventional data compression schemes, is clear from these results. >
Impact of Order and Load Knowledge on Trunk Kinematics During Repeated Lifting Tasks

Objective: To determine if lifting random unknown weights is more detrimental than lifting sequences of unknown weights and to investigate whether load knowledge impacts the effect of lifting random box weights. Background: Much research has investigated lifting under known load conditions, but few studies have investigated unknown loads, especially when presented in random order. There has been some documentation of alteration in trunk mechanics when there is an overestimation of the unknown load. Method: Ten men and 10 women performed three lifting tasks: random unknown, random known, and same weight. A lumbar motion monitor was used to collect kinematic data, and Borg's Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and a task risk rating were also assessed. Results: Both presentation order and load knowledge impacted trunk kinematics during repeated lifting tasks. However, these differences were relatively low in magnitude. Furthermore, kinematic response and perceived risk and exertion for these conditions varie...
Glucagon-like peptide 2 is an endogenous mediator of postresection intestinal adaptation

Background: After massive small bowel resection, the remnant intestine undergoes compensatory adaptation. We tested the hypothesis that glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is an endogenous mediator of postresection intestinal adaptation. Methods: Rats were allocated to 1 of 4 groups: groups 1 and 2 rats underwent mid-small bowel transection and reanastomosis; groups 3 and 4 rats underwent 75% mid-small bowel resection and reanastomosis. Groups 2 and 4 rats were administered 1.8 mg of antirat GLP-2 antibody twice daily beginning immediately after the surgical procedure; groups 1 and 3 rats were administered rabbit serum (control). Ileal specimens were harvested on postoperative day 7. Results: Ileal mucosa from group 3 animals displayed morphologic and proliferative indices of adaptation. Each of these indices of adaptation was inhibited by GLP-2 immunoneutralization (group 4). Morphologic and proliferative parameters in the ileum from animals that had undergone transection with reanastomosis were unaffected b...
The Art of Communicating: Language

The Art of Communicating: Language. Jean-Pierre Maher. dir. Princeton: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, 2000. 53 min.
Morphometric Investigation of the Pentremites Fauna from the Glen Dean Formation, Kentucky

New techniques involving three-dimensional (3D) data collection and landmark analysis provide an opportunity to make considerable advances in understanding blastoid morphology. This pilot study examines four species (Pentremites pyriformis, P. tulipaformis, P. fredericki n. sp. and P. meganae n. sp.) using 3D morphological variation and geometric morphometrics to discriminate between species. All specimens were collected from a single shale unit within the Upper Mississippian Glen Dean Formation near Hopkinsville, Kentucky. A 3D laser scanner was used to acquire 3D images for all specimens. Conservative blastoid thecal plating allowed the collection of 3D coordinates for a series of homologous landmarks from these laser images that fully describe specimen morphology. Data were analyzed using the R (language and environment for statistical computing and graphics) packages SHAPES and MCLUST. Mixture modeling identified and separated all four species based on shape alone. In addition, three new species were discovered during this study, including: Pentremites fredericki, P. meganae and Diploblastus fadigai.
Design of nonlinear-phase FIR filters with second-order cone programming

We extend classic linear-programming design of linear-phase FIR filters to second-order cone-programming design of nonlinear-phase FIR filters. Real and complex FIR filters with optional analog or digital cascade filters are designed using cones on discrete frequencies to approximate Chebychev, mean-absolute, and rms errors.
Numerical study of the HP version of mixed discontinuous finite element methods for reaction‐diffusion problems: The 1D case

This article studies the stability and convergence of the hp version of the three families of mixed discontinuous finite element (MDFE) methods for the numerical solution of reaction-diffusion problems. The focus of this article is on these problems for one space dimension. Error estimates are obtained explicitly in the grid size h, the polynomial degree p, and the solution regularity; arbitrary space grids and polynomial degree are allowed. These estimates are asymptotically optimal in both h and p for some of these methods. Extensive numerical results to show convergence rates in h and p of the MDFE methods are presented. Theoretical and numerical comparisons between the three families of MDFE methods are described. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 19: 525–553, 2003
Modal identification of bridge systems using state‐space methods

Arrays of large numbers of sensors and accompanying complex system identification (SI) methods have been recently used in engineering applications on structures ranging from complex real space trusses to simple experimental beams. However, practical application to strong motion data recorded on large civil engineering systems is limited. In this study, state-space identification methods are used for modal identification from earthquake records with further investigation into the effectiveness of the methods from the viewpoint of sensor layout configuration. The study presented in this paper adopts a deterministic approach, which is complemented with statistical evaluation in another paper. The used SI methods include eigen realization, system realization with information matrix and subspace methods. The application of the methods on instrumented bridge systems in California is included and the performance of these methods is compared in terms of success and feasibility. Subsequently, viability of the methods on arrays of different numbers of sensors on the bridge systems is investigated. This is motivated by the fact that sensor arrays with wireless communication may be conveniently installed on civil engineering structures in the future. Computational costs and limits of applicability are examined using simulated ground motion analysis with detailed finite element models for a bridge system after validation using recorded data from real ground shaking. Moreover, the effect of the configuration of the sensor arrays is considered, accounting for different noise levels in the data to reflect more realistic situations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between external threats and smoking in central Harlem

Objectives. This study assessed the relationship between external risks, such as personal and neighborhood danger, and smoking by using a new theoretical framework based on competing mortality risk models. Methods. Regression analyses of self-reported data from residents of Central Harlem, New York, surveyed from 1992 through 1994 (n = 695, response rate= 72%) were used to assess the relationship between smoking and 2 measures of external health threats: levels of neighborhood danger and lifetime trauma. Results. Support for the framework was mixed. At the 95% conf idence level, exposure to lifetime trauma was positively related to current smoking status but was not related to the number of cigarettes smoked, conditional on being a smoker. Living in a “somewhat unsafe neighborhood” was also statistically significantly related to current smoking status. Conclusions. Although the framework implies that policies directed at improving the physical and social environment might improve health through their indirect effects on behaviors, little supporting evidence was found. Smoking rates may decrease if exposure to violence and neighborhood danger is reduced. This framework needs to be tested on larger and more informationrich data sets. (Am J Public Health. 2000;90:367‐371)
Understanding and Using Confidence Intervals in Clinical Research

Confidence intervals contain a wealth of clinically relevant information that is not available in the P value and usual significance testing. Numerous articles discuss the hazards of interpreting study results based solely on the P value, raising both practical and philosophical concerns. The general recommendation is that clinical research should not just test hypotheses, but also describe magnitudes of clinical effect. To this end, the confidence interval is a crucial tool in interpreting clinical studies. In this report, we show how one may use confidence intervals to gain further insight into clinical research. For example, by using confidence intervals, one can identify statistically significant results that are clinically imprecise, or conversely, statistically nonsignificant results that are quite precise. In addition, confidence intervals, like the P value, are influenced by sample size. We show how sample sizes that are sufficiently large to test hypotheses may be too small to generate precise estimates of the magnitude of effect. The application and interpretation of confidence intervals are demonstrated through the use of several examples.
A Kinetic and Dynamic Analysis of Foxp3 Induced in T Cells by TGF-β

TGF-beta induces Foxp3 expression in stimulated T cells. These Foxp3+ cells (induced regulatory T cells (iTreg)) share functional and therapeutic properties with thymic-derived Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (natural regulatory T cells (nTreg)). We performed a single-cell analysis to better characterize the regulation of Foxp3 in iTreg in vitro and assess their dynamics after transfer in vivo. TGF-beta up-regulated Foxp3 in CD4+Foxp3- T cells only when added within a 2- to 3-day window of CD3/CD28 stimulation. Up to 90% conversion occurred, beginning after 1-2 days of treatment. Foxp3 expression strictly required TCR stimulation but not costimulation and was independent of cell cycling. Removal of TGF-beta led to a loss of Foxp3 expression after an approximately 4-day lag. Most iTreg transferred into wild-type mice down-regulated Foxp3 within 2 days, and these Foxp3- cells were concentrated in the blood, spleen, lung, and liver. Few of the Foxp3- cells were detected by 28 days after transfer. However, some Foxp3+ cells persisted even to this late time point, and these preferentially localized to the lymph nodes and bone marrow. CXCR4 was preferentially expressed on Foxp3+ iTreg within the bone marrow, and CD62L was preferentially expressed on those in the lymph nodes. Like transferred nTreg and in contrast with revertant Foxp3- cells, Foxp3+ iTreg retained CD25 and glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related gene. Thus, Foxp3 expression in naive-stimulated T cells is transient in vitro, dependent on TGF-beta activity within a highly restricted window after activation and continuous TGF-beta presence. In vivo, a subset of transferred iTreg persist long term, potentially providing a lasting source for regulatory activity after therapeutic administration.
Invertebrate Neurobiology: Sensory Processing in Reverse for Backward Walking

Humans and many other animals can readily walk forward or backward. In insects, the nervous system changes the effects of sense organs that signal forces on a leg when the direction of walking is reversed.
Cellular mechanism of sodium oleate-stimulated secretion of cholecystokinin and secretin

Long-chain fatty acids are potent stimulants of secretin and CCK release. The cellular mechanisms of fatty acid-stimulated secretion of these two hormones are not clear. We studied the stimulatory effect and mechanism of sodium oleate (SO) on secretin- and CCK-producing cells. SO stimulated the release of secretin or CCK from isolated rat mucosal cell preparations enriched in either secretin- or CCK-producing cells, respectively. SO also time- and dose-dependently stimulated secretin and CCK release from STC-1 cells. In STC-1 cells, SO-stimulated secretin and CCK release was potentiated by IBMX and inhibited by a protein kinase A-selective inhibitor and a cAMP-specific antagonist. SO-stimulated releases of the two hormones were also inhibited by downregulation or inhibitors of protein kinase C, a calmodulin antagonist and an inhibitor of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Chelating of extracellular Ca(2+) or addition of an L-type calcium channel blocker diminished SO-stimulated hormone releases. SO caused an increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration that was partially reversed by diltiazem but had no effect on production of cAMP, cGMP, or inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate. These results indicate that SO acts on secretin- and CCK-producing cells. Its stimulatory effect is potentiated by endogenous protein kinase A and mediated by activation of Ca(2+) influx through the L-type channels and of protein kinase C and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II.
Driving and riding avoidance following motor vehicle crashes in a non-clinical sample: psychometric properties of a new measure.

Abstract Three studies were conducted to assess the reliability and validity of a measure that we developed using a non-clinical sample of university undergraduates, the Driving and Riding Avoidance Scale (DRAS). Study 1 indicated that the scale was internally consistent (α=0.92) and that a four-factor model (general avoidance, avoidance of traffic and busy roads, avoidance of weather or darkness, and riding avoidance) provided the best fit to the data in a sample of 386 crash survivors. This study also revealed that survivors who received medical treatment for their crash-related injuries reported significantly greater avoidance than people who were uninjured or injured and not medically treated. Study 2 revealed that the DRAS possessed acceptable test-retest reliability (r=0.83) over a 4-week interval in a sample of 67 crash survivors. Using a sample of 118 survivors, study 3 examined the instrument’s convergent and divergent validity through correlations with the Accident Fear Questionnaire (AFQ), the Mobility Inventory (MI), the Fear Survey Schedule-II (FSS-II), and the Fear Questionnaire (FQ). The strongest relationships were observed between the DRAS and the AFQ and with a driving subscale created from the MI items. The DRAS exhibited significantly weaker relationships with the FQ subscales that assessed other kinds of phobic avoidance.
The renin-angiotensin system and natriuretic peptides in obesity-associated hypertension.

Excessive accumulation of adipose tissue is associated with profound alterations in the cardiovascular system, including an increase in systemic blood pressure. It now appears clear that a central feature of obesity-associated hypertension is related to changes in sodium handling that may result from abnormalities in sympathetic nervous system activity, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, natriuretic peptides, and kidney function. In this paper we review the role of these factors in the development of obesity-associated hypertension, thereby focusing on the potential role of adipose tissue in these alterations.
Regulation of Yin Yang 1 by Tyrosine Phosphorylation

Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a member of the GLI-Kruppel class of DNA and RNA binding transcription factors that can either activate or repress gene expression during cell growth, differentiation, and embryogenesis. Although much is known about YY1 interacting proteins and the target promoters regulated by YY1, much less is known about YY1 regulation through post-translational modifications. In this study we show that YY1 is tyrosine-phosphorylated in multiple cell types. Using a combination of pharmacological inhibition, kinase overexpression, and kinase knock-out studies, we demonstrate that YY1 is a target of multiple Src family kinases in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we have identified multiple sites of YY1 phosphorylation and analyzed the effect of phosphorylation on the activity of YY1-responsive retroviral and cellular promoters. Phosphorylation of tyrosine 383 interferes with DNA and RNA binding, leading to the down-regulation of YY1 activity. Finally, we provide the first evidence that YY1 is a downstream target of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in vivo. Taken together, the identification of YY1 as a target of Src family kinases provide key insights into the inhibitory role of tyrosine kinases in modulating YY1 activity.
Loneliness and Aspects of Social Support Networks

The relationship between loneliness and both structural and social behavioral aspects of social support was investigated in a sample of 150 college students. Loneliness was found to be significantly correlated with self-disclosure and network density for both men and women. Significant correlations between loneliness and network size and network multiplexity were found only for men. Together the four different aspects of the support network accounted for 32 percent of the variance in men's loneliness scores and size, multiplexity, density, and self-disclosure each made significant individual contributions. For women, these four variables together accounted for 19 percent of the variance in loneliness and self-disclosure was the only factor to make a significant individual contribution when controlling for the others.
Multipath noise reduction for mobile FM receiver

Presents a new scheme for minimizing the multipath noise in mobile FM receivers. A novel logic circuit is used to compare analog signals from tuners in real time and a new analog signal is assembled from the best available audio signals. Actual road tests have shown that over 95% of noise from multipath interferences are eliminated without degradation of audio bandwidth or stereo channel separation. >
Indications and Contraindications in the Use of Therapist's Self-Disclosure

The present discussion enunciates the indications and contraindications in the use of therapist's self-disclosure as a technique, method, or procedure in psychotherapy. The controversy regarding the distinctions between counseling and psychotherapy presumably stemmed from Rogers' (1951) introduction of a method of treatment which deviated markedly from classical psychotherapeutic techniques. Perhaps the most salient divergence and radical departure involved the therapist's attitude of congruence—an attitude which accorded the therapist increased authenticity and spontaneity during the therapeutic interaction—which was subsequently labeled by Jourard (1971) as self-disclosure or transparency. This contrasts sharply with the traditional “blank screen” posture characteristic of psychodynamic modes of treatment. The putative clinical advantages of disclosure by the therapist were contrasted with their potential disadvantages. It was tentatively concluded that this procedure might best be regarded as a techniq...
Mid-myocardial fibrosis by cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with lamin A/C cardiomyopathy: possible substrate for diastolic dysfunction.

Aims: We sought to identify patterns of myocardial fibrosis in vivo in patients with lamin cardiomyopathy, and to determine its functional significance. Methods and Results: Eleven patients sharing...
A 0.17-nJ/pulse IR-UWB receiver based on distributed pulse correlator in 0.18-µm digital CMOS

This paper presents a low power impulse-radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) receiver based on a reconfigurable, high speed analog correlator called distributed pulse correlator (DPC). The DPC incorporates built-in local template pulse generation, and hence significantly reduces the power consumption and circuit complexity of the analog correlation receiver. A chip prototype of the IR-UWB receiver was implemented in 0.18-µm standard digital CMOS, and achieved an energy efficiency of 0.17-nJ/pulse at 250-MHz pulse rate in the measurement.
An Experimental Computer‐Based Educational and Career Exploration System

A major objective of the student guidance and counseling centers in high schools, junior colleges, and universities is to provide individualized aid to each student to help him reduce the uncertainty of his educational and vocational plans. Frequently, this objective is not fully satisfied because of information-handling problems. Two such problems are: (a) the fallibility of both counselor and student in memorizing, associating, and selectively recalling educational and vocational facts; and (b) the inability of the counselor and the student to devote sufficient time, patience, and energy to performing the enormous number of clerical steps involved in relating educational and occupational facts to pertinent information about the student. Computer-based information systems may be able to reduce these deficiencies considerably. This paper describes an experimental information system designed to be used by students as part of the total guidance services offered in schools. Such systems may aid both the student and the counselor.
Detection and analysis of the 80-kd lipopolysaccharide receptor in macrophages derived from Lpsn and Lpsd mice.

An 80-kd lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein with specificity for the lipid A region has been identified on lymphocyte and macrophage membranes. In an attempt to gain insight into the hyporesponsiveness of C3H/HeJ (Lpt') mice to LPS, an affinity-purified rabbit polyclonal IgG with specificity for this receptor was used to compare the expression and distribution of the 80-kd LPS receptor on thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal mac- rophages derived from normal (Lps") and (Lps") mice. By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluores- cence microscopy, and flow cytometry, macrophages from Lps" and Lps�' mice showed comparable expression of the 80-kd LPS receptor, although only a subpopulation of macrophages from both strains express it. Macrophages from both strains showed indistinguishable surface dis- tribution of the 80-kd LPS receptor, as determined by confocal microscopy and analysis using an anchored cell analysis station. Treatment of macrophages with interfe- rons, protein-rich LPS, or glucocorticoids, agents known to modulate a variety of macrophage cell surface markers and receptors, failed to alter expression of the 80-kd receptor. These findings support the hypothesis that the hyporesponsiveness of the Lpscmouse strains to LPS is not due to an absence of receptors but rather is distal to binding of LPS and most likely attributable to a failure of these macrophages to transduce the signal derived at the cell surface to the interior of the cell. J. Leukoc. Biol. 51: 501-506; 1992.
Less Is More, More the Merrier, or More From Less?

Physicians deal with uncertainty all the time and chest pain in the emergency department (ED) is a typical example. Traditionally, coronary artery disease (CAD), pulmonary embolism (PE), and aortic dissection can present as chest pain, and the consequences of a missed diagnosis can be devastating,
A predictive modelling-based material selection method for sustainable product design

Material selection significantly affects environmental impacts and other objectives of a product design. Life cycle assessment (LCA) methods are not efficient enough for use at the early design stages to prune a design space. Material properties consist of discrete data sets, which are further complicated when LCA data are included, thus posing a significant challenge in the construction of surrogate models for prediction of all relevant behaviours and numerical optimisation. In this work, we address the unique challenges of material selection in sustainable product design in some important ways. Salient features of the robust surrogate modelling approach include achieving manageable dimensionality of LCA with a minimal loss of the important information by the consolidation of significant factors into categorised groups, as well as subsequent efficiency enhancement by a streamlined process that avoids the construction of full LCA. This approach combines efficiency of use with a mathematically rigorous rep...
How Economic Inequality is a Theological and Moral Issue

Income and wealth inequalities in the United States have risen sharply over the past four decades and have reached levels that are unprecedented in the postwar period. Christian theology and ethics...
Late Devonian Carbonate Margins and Foreslopes of the Lennard Shelf, Canning Basin, Western Australia, Part A: Development During Backstepping and the Aggradation-To-Progradation Transition

Abstract Carbonate reefal margin and foreslope settings are characteristically heterogeneous and difficult to predict due to a spectrum of sediment source factories, resedimentation processes, resultant deposit types, and controlling parameters. In particular, the effects of changes in long-term accommodation on the composition, architecture, and sediment distribution patterns of carbonate margin–foreslope–basin systems are poorly understood. Upper Devonian (Frasnian) outcrop exposures along the Lennard Shelf, northeast Canning Basin, Western Australia, were investigated to assess the development of reefal margin and foreslope settings during long-term 1) platform backstepping with aggradational pulses, and 2) across the transition from platform aggradation to progradation. Measured sections tied to interpreted photomosaics and detailed mapping using aerial photographs were collected from the South Lawford Range and Windjana Gorge areas. The exposures reveal distinctive differences in foreslope grain composition, deposit characteristics and proportions, margin morphology, and stratigraphic expression 1) during platform evolution between backstepping events, and 2) depending on position within the long-term accommodation setting. Between backstepping events, aggradational margins can be classified as “growth escarpments” with associated grain-dominated, onlapping foreslope deposits. Margins across the long-term transition from aggradation to progradation evolved from erosional escarpments with onlapping debris deposits to accretionary, interfingering configurations. Development of growth escarpments between backstepping events was a function of vertical reefal growth from sustained high accommodation conditions during the long-term transgressive systems tract, coupled with a Frasnian reefal assemblage that responded to light and tracked relative sea level. This net vertical reefal growth also resulted in relative margin stability and the deposition of grain-dominated foreslopes. Conversely, margins were highly unstable and underwent repeated failure across the long-term aggradation-to-progradation transition, reflecting a lack of underlying substrate to support basinward advance, and resulting in debris-dominated foreslopes. These observations provide relationships that predict margin and foreslope associations of facies-scale heterogeneity and seismic-scale geometry within a low-frequency sequence stratigraphic framework.
Mapping of the Growth Hormone Gene by in situ Hybridization to Chicken Chromosome 1

In situ hybridization of a tritium-labeled chicken growth hormone cDNA to 62 chicken metaphase chromosome spreads was examined by analysis of silver grain distribution. A total of 554 chromosomally located grains were recorded. There was a highly significant P value for the association of silver grains to the long arm of chromosome 1. The chicken growth hormone gene can be assigned to chromosomal G-band region 1q4 because 41.3% of silver grains on chromosome 1q were located in this region.
Paved with Good Intentions: The Social Security Disability and Supplemental Security Insurance Appeals Process, Due Process, and the Broken System that Faces Disabled Citizens in Modern America

An informational paper on the history and procedure of Social Security Disability and Supplemental Security Insurance. Inefficiencies and flaws in the application and appeals system are highlighted, an overview of past suggestions for reform of these system is given, and author suggestions are put forth.
The expression of fibroblast growth factor-7 in the fetal lungs of nitrofen-induced diaphragmatic hernia in rats

Objective To investigate the expression of fibroblast growth factor-7 (FGF-7) in fe- tal lungs of rats with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) induced by nitrofen,and to evaluate its role in the pathogenesis of the pulmonary hypoplasia.Methods The CDH in rats was induced by gas- tric injection of nitrofen.The histological changes of the lungs in CDH and control group were visual- ized by routine HE staining.And the expression and contents of FGF-7 in the lungs in these groups were analyzed by immunohistochemistrical staining and image analysis.Results The lungs of CDH fe tuses showed marked hypoplasia and pseudoglandular change.In control lungs,the expression of FGF-7 was strongly noted at bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium.However,in nitrofen experimental group,its expression was weak.Relative contents of FGF-7 significantly decreased in nitrofen experi mental group compared with those in the control group.There was no statistical difference between two subgroups of the nitrofen experimental group.The expression of FGF 7 has positive correlation with the alveolar area and negative correlation with the alveolar interval area.Conclusions The de- creased expression of FGF-7 in CDH fetal lungs has a tissue specialty.FGF-7 can be seen as a impor tant index of maturity in CDH fetal lungs.The decreased expression of FGF-7 probably is an impor- tant effective factor in the pathogenesis of the pulmonary hypoplasia of CDH.
The Entrance of Multinational Enterprises and Improvement of China Market Structure

The market structure of China currently have notable decentralization competition feature,the market structure have limited the realization of scale economy,make against the innovation of enterprises and also difficult to adapt the drastic international competition.So we should take full advantage the investment of multination enterprises to meliorate the market structure of china,thereby improve the international competition power,and participate in monopoly competition in scope of world.
Deposit simulation test of solid-free well killing fluid.

In the recovered killing fluid, mechanical impurity, suspended deposit and mixture of oil and ware/may cause potential plugging in formation in next well if it has not been purified, then the free-solid clean saltwater killing fluid will not achieve its best performances. So the recovered well control fluid is re-quired to be disposed before reused. In lab. , influence of different ratios of control fluid to well fluid on setting, setting tests of production fluid from common wells and polymer flooding wells were conducted,respectively. Simulation results reveal that with the increasing of the mixed ratio of killing fluid to well fluid, the density decreases and the volume of killing fluid increases; and the higher the killing fluid den-sity is, the faster of deposit velocity and the clearer of two phrases surface will be. In addition, though the deposit velocity in production fluid from polymer flooding wells becomes slower because of its viscous property, the recovery rate of the killing fluid was increased.
Actors and activities in the anti-human trafficking movement

As Heine and Thakur explain in their introduction to this volume, human trafficking is arguably the darkest of the dark side of globalization. Although firm data are difficult to collect, studies concur that the number of trafficking victims has risen sharply over the last decade (Laczko 2005; Schauer and Wheaton 2006; US Department of State 2001; 2007). Human trafficking has been described by the Human Rights Center of the American Bar Association as “the fastest-growing and third-largest criminal industry in the world today after the arms and drugs trades, generating billions in profits each year” (Morrissey 2006). To date, efforts to stem the trafficking tide have been ineffective, due in part to a low level of coordination between concerned national and international governmental bodies, law enforcement agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and community organizations.
Can non-volatile memory benefit mapreduce applications on HPC clusters?

Modern High-Performance Computing (HPC) clusters are equipped with advanced technological resources that need to be properly utilized to achieve supreme performance for end applications. One such example, Non-Volatile Memory (NVM), provides the opportunity for fast scalable performance through its DRAM-like performance characteristics. On the other hand, distributed processing engines, such as MapReduce, are continuously being enhanced with features enabling high-performance technologies. In this paper, we present a novel MapReduce framework with NVRAM-assisted map output spill approach. We have designed our framework on top of the existing RDMA-enhanced Hadoop MapReduce to ensure both map and reduce phase performance enhancements to be present for end applications. Our proposed approach significantly enhances map phase performance proven by a wide variety of MapReduce benchmarks and workloads from Intel HiBench [9] and PUMA [18] suites. Our performance evaluation illustrates that NVRAM-based spill approach can improve map execution performance by 2.73x which contributes to the overall execution improvement of 55% for Sort. Our design also guarantees significant performance benefits for other workloads: 54% for TeraSort, 21% for PageRank, 58% for SelfJoin, etc. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first approach towards leveraging NVRAM in MapReduce execution frameworks for applications on HPC clusters.
Blood flow patterns underlie developmental heart defects.

Congenital heart defects result from genetic anomalies, teratogen exposure, and altered blood flow during embryonic development. We show here a novel “dose-response” type relationship between the l...