cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Overcoming Challenges in Scalable Power Monitoring with the Power API

Power will be a first-class operating constraint for Exascale computing. In order to manage power consumption of systems, measurement and control methods need to be developed. While several approaches have been developed by hardware manufacturers, they are vendor-specific and in some cases implementation-specific interfaces. Integrating all of the individual device level measurement and control functionality in a single system is a difficult task that requires system specific code. Sandia National Laboratories, in collaboration with many industry and academic partners, has developed a Power API specification, consisting of a broad range of interfaces spanning from low-level hardware to platform management and accounting. In order for many of the interfaces to be useful, especially at large scale, measurement data must be collected and control directives must be distributed in a scalable manner. This paper details the challenges of providing large scale power measurement and control and the scalable collection and control distribution architecture that is being integrated into the Power API reference implementation.
Erythropoietin: Effect on the living fetal hepatic microvascular system in situ

Abstract Microscopic examination of the effect of erythropoietin on the living fetal hepatic microvascular system in situ demonstrated that erythropoietin, in addition to its action on erythrocytopoiesis, effects the release of mature and maturing erythroid cells from the sinusoids into the peripheral circulation by dilating the sinusoid sphincters.
Multilayer Optics for X-Rays

The best conventional mirror materials have normal incidence reflectivities R < < 10-4 for soft x-rays (λ ≈ 50A). The reflectivity decreases to still smaller values proportional to λ4 at shorter wavelengths. These reflectivities are far too low to be of use for x-ray optics; only at very grazing angles are substantial reflectivities obtained with standard mirrors; grazing incidence instruments are presently the main optical components in the x-ray region. Normal incidence optics would have many advantages as easier fabrication, smaller size or larger collection area, smaller aberrations, and larger field size at improved resolution.
Consistency in Responses over Time

Aggregated responses of the POWRE awardees remained quite consistent over the time between the two surveys, especially for question one about significant issues women face as they plan their careers. By comparing the written qualitative answers given by an individual in 2012 to the responses she gave more than a decade ago, a particular woman’s responses can be examined for consistency across time. Balancing work with family responsibilities remains the major issue as it was a decade earlier. Responses to question two surrounding perception of the impact of laboratory climate appeared less consistent over time. Both qualitative and quantitative results suggest that as academic women scientists progress in their careers, perceptions of career challenges and opportunities remain more consistent than do perceptions of laboratory climate.
Livelihoods and production diversity on U.S. permaculture farms

ABSTRACTPermaculture is an international grassroots movement with a focus on diversified farming systems (DFS). We visited 36 self-identified permaculture farms in the continental United States and gathered multidimensional data on the distribution of labor and income across enterprises and seasons, along with sociodemographic information and farm characteristics. Using this data we assessed livelihood diversity and performed a cluster analysis to develop a preliminary typology of U.S. permaculture farms. Farms were predominantly small in scale, with a high proportion of young farmers, new farmers, and new farms, when compared with national figures. Diversity of farm-based income was high for enterprises and across seasons. Cluster analysis based on sources of income produced a preliminary typology with five categories: small mixed annual and perennial cropping (N = 10), integrated production (perennial and animal crops, N = 5), a mix of production and services (N = 9), animal base (N = 5), and service ba...
Electrical Potential Distributions in a Heterogeneous Subsurface in Response to Applied Current Solution for Circular Inclusions

An analytic solution to the Laplace equation for potential distribution in response to current flow in a heterogeneous, two-dimensional semi-infinite domain is studied. Circular heterogeneities of varying sizes and electrical conductivities are considered. We investigate the response of the stream function, the potential field, and, in particular, the potential at the top boundary relative to the background as a function of the size, location, and electrical conductivity of circular inclusions taken singly or multiply. The analytic solution sets the basis for the application of sensitivity analysis to the electrical resistance tomography (ERT) method, as an initial step toward improving the application of the method to tracking rapid hydrological processes.
Functional Feature Construction for Individualized Treatment Regimes

Evidence-based personalized medicine formalizes treatment selection as an individualized treatment regime that maps up-to-date patient information into the space of possible treatments. Available p...
Broaden Your Horizons — A Message to Professional Students

(1954). Broaden Your Horizons — A Message to Professional Students. Journal of the American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation: Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 31-32.
Recontextualizing racialized stories on YouTube

When stories (re)appear in YouTube videos, they are recontextualized not only by their titling and editing, but especially by chains of online comments. This article explores how a Northern Italian politician’s racialized story, which was first recontextualized by a TV news reporter on a YouTube video, is further recontextualized for different ends by commenters on that video. I show how these commenters negotiate and reframe the racial aspects of digital discourse and its sociocultural meanings through their various responses and across different temporal and spatial scales. By applying linguistic anthropological and sociolinguistic theories and narrative analytical tools to digital storytelling, this study emphasizes how racialized language is neither stable nor unidirectional, but is rather constantly negotiated discursively among various groups of virtual audience members. Besides investigating the pragmatics of narrative interaction in the digital realm, this article speaks to methodological challenges that surround the study of online storytelling.
The WISE Census of Young Stellar Objects in Canis Major

While searches for young stellar objects (YSOs) with the Spitzer Space Telescope focused on known molecular clouds, photometry from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) can be used to extend the search to the entire sky. As a precursor to more expansive searches, we present results for a 100 deg 2 region centered on the Canis Major clouds.
Statistical and analytical review of worldwide CO2 immiscible field applications

Abstract CO2 immiscible flooding is an important enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology that has demonstrated great potential under varying reservoir and fluid conditions. This paper provides a comprehensive review of worldwide CO2 immiscible experiences by collecting and analyzing data of 41 field applications from more than 60 publications, including books, DOE reports, AAPG databases, Oil and Gas Journal surveys, field reports, and SPE publications. About 100 papers have been reviewed. Two major parts are included in this paper. The first part explores where CO2 immiscible could be applied, in which screening guidelines have been established and updated by applying statistical methods. Boxplots and histograms were used to detect special cases and to interpret the main distributions of reservoir/fluid properties. The second part discusses the influences of operation to the productions, the performances of each field, and the existing operational problems by using analytical methods, which include injection strategies, gas injection compositions, CO2 utilization, CO2 injection efficiency, incremental oil recovery, and incremental oil production rate per well. Results show that CO2 immiscible flooding could produce an additional 4.7%–12.5% of oil with 10.07 Mscf/stb average CO2 injection efficiency.
Neuroimaging of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Neuroimaging in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has advanced to the degree that it can now be characterized as scientific enquiry, as it is now possible to formulate explicit falsifiable hypotheses about individual brain regions and circuits. Although methodologic problems remain, there is increasing agreement on the role of the prefrontal-striatal-thalamo-cortical circuit in ADHD, with a preponderance of the evidence suggesting that the right-sided circuit is primary, at least at the level of the basal ganglia. This convergence is all the more remarkable given the many obstacles that have needed to be overcome, chief among them the pleiotropic nature of the disorder. An emphasis on subtyping patient populations by comorbidity, age, and sex, and eventually by meaningful biologic variables such as relevant genotypes, will be crucial in sorting out which other regions are intrinsically related to ADHD, and which are associated with comorbid conditions.
Einblicke in die Welten der Jugendlichen

Das vorangegangene Kapitel beschaftigte sich mit Erfahrungen der Etikettierung und Stigmatisierung sowie mit dem Umgang der befragten Jugendlichen mit solchen Begebenheiten. Die Jugendlichen standen also explizit als Angehorige der zweiten Generation, die sowohl ethnischen als auch religiosen Minderheiten zugeordnet werden konnen, im Zentrum. In der Migrationsforschung besteht jedoch die Gefahr, die Andersheit von Personen mit Migrationshintergrund zu verstarken, indem der Aspekt der Migration uberhaupt erst zum Thema gemacht wird (siehe dazu ausfuhrlich 6.1). Dieses Kapitel soll deshalb dazu dienen, den Blick zu offnen und Themen zu diskutieren, die in erster Linie mit den Aspekten Jugend und Geschlecht zusammenhangen.
The Biochemistry and Physiology of Anticoagulantly Active Heparin-like Molecules

By the late 19th century, several investigators had noted loss of thrombin activity upon addition of thrombin to plasma and concluded that a specific inactivator of this enzyme, antithrombin, was present within the blood.13,42 In the early 20th century, McLean39 isolated a substance from the liver and demonstrated its potent anticoagulant properties. Howell and Holt20 subsequently termed this substance heparin. The anticoagulant effect of this material on purified procoagulants was examined by Brinkhous et al. 8 who showed that heparin was effective as an anticoagulant only in the presence of a plasma component that they termed heparin cofactor. The laboratories of Waugh and Fitzgerald59 and Monkhouse et al. 41 reported data which suggested that the plasma antithrombin activity and plasma heparin cofactor activity are intimately related. In addition, Abildgaard1 isolated small quantities of an α2-globulin from human plasma: that functioned in both capacities. Rosenberg and Damus49 provided the first direct evidence that plasma antithrombin activity and plasma heparin cofactor activity reside in the same molecule. In this review, we summarize progress in elucidating the biochemistry and cell biology of the heparin (heparan sulfate)-antithrombin interactions and outline the important physiologic role of this mechanism within the cardiovascular system.
Restricted, Repetitive, and Reciprocal Social Behavior in Toddlers Born Small for Gestation Duration.

Objective To characterize restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) and reciprocal social behaviors (RSBs) in a large sample of toddlers who represent a range of birth weights and gestation durations. Study design A battery of questionnaires characterizing demographic information and measuring RRBs and RSBs were completed by parents of toddlers between the ages of 17-26 months (n = 1589 total; n = 98 preterm). The association between birth weight and/or gestation duration and the primary outcome measures (RRBs and RSBs as ascertained through the Repetitive Behavior Scale for Early Childhood and the Video-Referenced Rating of Reciprocal Social Behavior) were tested by using hierarchical multivariate multiple regression. Results Toddlers born preterm and full term did not differ on RRBs or RSBs. However, there were significant associations between birth weight percentile for gestation duration (BPGD) and RRBs (β = −2.1, P = .03), above and beyond the effects of age, sex, and vocabulary production. Similarly, there was a significant association between BPGD and RSBs (β = −1.8, P = .02), above and beyond the effects of age, sex, and vocabulary production. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that BPGD better predicted putative antecedents of adverse psychological outcomes—specifically, RRBs and RSBs—than gestation duration alone. These findings provide insight to the link between preterm birth and suboptimal behavioral/psychological outcomes and suggest that high birth weight, which may reflect a more optimal intrauterine environment, may serve as a protective factor irrespective of gestation duration.
Return to Sport Following Total Joint Arthroplasty

Total hip and knee arthroplasties are two of the most successful procedures. Both have been found to be cost-effective and beneficial to a patient’s quality of life [1–4]. Historically, joint arthroplasty was reserved for those above the age of 65 who were debilitated from the pain of end-stage osteoarthritis. However, as the success of the operation has become widely known, patients are often inquiring about joint replacement earlier to help maintain and/or restore activity including athletic participation. The young active patient with end-stage osteoarthritis is in a therapeutic dilemma. The mechanism of failure for the majority of lower extremity joint replacements at long-term follow-up is aseptic loosening [5]. There is obvious concern that joint arthroplasty in young patients would therefore succumb to wear earlier due to increased use, potentially condemning the patient to numerous revisions and potentially catastrophic failure in their lifetime [6–10]. Despite such concern, arthroplasty is used to treat end-stage osteoarthritis in younger patients that seek to restore function and even return to athletic activity [11, 12]. Fortunately, the concern for increased wear and early failure has not been fully realized, and survival rates as high as 94% can be found at nearly 20 years in young active patients [12]. In this chapter we will explore the literature and current recommendations concerning hip and knee arthroplasties in patients that wish to remain physically active in sports.
Self-Interpretation as Software: Toward a New Understanding of Why False Self-Conceptions Persist

Typically, action-relevant, false beliefs do not persist. Human beings with false beliefs about how to secure food, social partners, and physical security do not succeed at these tasks as well as human beings with true beliefs about them. For this reason, mechanisms operating at phylogenetic, ontogenetic, and cultural scales weed out such false beliefs. However, there is voluminous empirical evidence, gathered over many decades, that many highly persistent self-conceptions are false. In this paper, I propose a solution to this apparent puzzle. Rather than evaluating self-directed beliefs for truth, I argue that we should evaluate them in the way we evaluate computer software. Software is not evaluated in terms of the degree to which it truly describes the workings of the computer that runs it. Instead, software is evaluated in terms of the costs and benefits of what it gets the computer that runs it to do. Similarly, I argue that we can understand the persistence of false self-conceptions only if we evaluate them in terms of the costs and benefits of what they get human beings to do, instead of how well they describe the workings of human cognition. This perspective is inspired by Dennett’s notion of “cognitive tools”, but it departs from Dennett in defending a socialized version of this notion. Rather than tools for improving individual cognition, self-conceptions are tools for interacting with others.
Insomnia is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the clinical setting

Objective To determine the possible association between insomnia and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the naturalistic clinical setting. Research design and methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study to examine the risk of developing T2DM among patients with pre-diabetes with and without insomnia. Participants with pre-diabetes (identified by a physician or via two laboratory tests) between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2015 and without sleep apnea were followed until December 31, 2016. Patients were determined to have T2DM when two of the following occurred within a 2-year window: physician-entered outpatient T2DM diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases [ICD]-9 250.00; ICD-10 E11), dispensing of an antihyperglycemia agent, and hemoglobin A1c (A1c) >6.5% (48 mmol/mol) or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) >125 mg/dL. One hospital inpatient stay with an associated T2DM diagnosis was also sufficient for classification of T2DM. Results Our cohort consisted of 81 233 persons with pre-diabetes, 24 146 (29.7%) of whom had insomnia at some point during the 4.3-year average observation period. After adjustment for traditional risk factors, those with insomnia were 28% more likely to develop T2DM than those without insomnia (HR 1.28; 95% CI 1.24 to 1.33). The estimate was essentially unchanged after adjusting for baseline A1c level (HR 1.32; 95% CI 1.25 to 1.40) or FPG (HR 1.28; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.33). Conclusions Insomnia imparts an increased risk of T2DM comparable with that conferred by traditional risk factors (eg, overweight, non-white race, cardiovascular risk factors). This association could have clinical importance because it suggests a new potentially modifiable risk factor that could be targeted to prevent diabetes.﻿﻿
Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists

Abstract Thrombopoietin (TPO) is the major physiological regulator of platelet production. It is produced by the liver at a constant rate and cleared from the circulation by TPO receptors on circulating platelets thereby providing an efficient feedback system regulating platelet production by bone marrow megakaryocytes. When TPO binds the megakaryocyte TPO receptor, signal transduction pathways are activated that promote viability, endomitosis and maturation, and increase platelet production. When TPO is eliminated by genetic manipulation or antibody, megakaryocyte and platelet number decline to about 15% of normal. Humans with TPO deficiency due to liver disease or TPO mutation have thrombocytopenia while TPO overproduction due to genetic mutations produces lifelong thrombocythemia. Early recombinant forms of TPO (rHuTPO and PEG-rHuMGDF) were effective in increasing platelet counts in patients with ITP or undergoing chemotherapy or platelet apheresis. Current clinically available TPO receptor agonists (romiplostim, eltrombopag) increase platelet counts in > 90% of ITP patients with minimal adverse effects and have also been shown to be effective in a wide range of other thrombocytopenic disorders. The TPO receptor agonists avatrombopag and lusutrombopag have been approved for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in adults with chronic liver disease scheduled to undergo a procedure.
An Approach to Dynamic Service Management in Pervasive Computing Systems

Abstract : In the near future, we will see dramatic changes in computing and networking hardware. A large number of devices (e.g., phones, PDAs, even small household appliances) will become computationally enabled. Micro/nano sensors will be widely embedded in most engineered artifacts, from the clothes we wear to the roads we drive on. All of these devices will be (wirelessly) networked using Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15 or IEEE 802.11 for short range connectivity creating pervasive environments. In this age, where a large number of wirelessly networked appliances and devices are becoming commonplace, there is a necessity for providing a standard interface to them that is easily accessible by any user. This paper outlines the design of Centaurus, an infrastructure for presenting services to heterogeneous mobile clients in a physical space via some short range wireless links. the infrastructure is communication medium independent; we have implemented the system over Bluetooth, CDPD and Infrared, three well-known wireless technologies. All the components in our model use a language based on Extensible Markup Language (XML) for communication, giving the system a uniform and easily adaptable interface. Centaurus defines a uniform infrastructure for heterogeneous services, both hardware and software, to be made available to diverse mobile users within a confined space.
Concentric Pedagogy: Toward an ethics of the Observer∗

Critical pedagogies have been informed by feminism since the 1970s, but artist Mary Kelly considers what this means as a tactic rather than a specific content. Focusing on one of the central curric...
Simultaneous Spatial Mapping of Emtricitabine, Tenofovir, and Efavirenz in Mouse Tissue Using MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging

Emtricitabine (FTC), tenofovir (TFV; prescribed as the tenofovir disoproxil fumarate prodrug) and efavirenz (EFV) inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication and are currently used in co...
The Capabilities Approach to Inclusive Education: re-envisioning the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act’s Least Restrictive Environment

This article aims to produce an innovative interpretation of the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) provision in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (2004) to secure inclusive educatio...
Efficient quality assurance method with automated data acquisition of a single phantom setup to determine radiation and imaging isocenter congruence

We developed a quality assurance (QA) method to determine the isocenter congruence of Optical Surface Monitoring System (OSMS, Varian, CA, USA), kilovoltage (kV), and megavoltage (MV) imaging, and the radiation isocenter using a single setup of the OSMS phantom for frameless Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) treatment. After aligning the phantom to the OSMS isocenter, a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the phantom was acquired and registered to a computed tomography (CT) scan of the phantom to determine the CBCT isocenter. Without moving the phantom, MV and kV images were simultaneously acquired at four gantry angles to localize MV and kV isocenters. Then, Winston-Lutz (W-L) test images of the central BB in the phantom were acquired to analyze the radiation isocenter. The gantry and couch were automatically controlled using the TrueBeam Developer Mode during MV, kV, and W-L image acquisition. All the images were acquired weekly for 17 weeks to track the congruence of all the imaging modalities' isocenter in six-dimensional (6D) translations and rotations, and the radiation isocenter in three-dimensional (3D) translations. The shifts of isocenters of all imaging modalities and the radiation isocenter from the OSMS isocenter were within 0.2 mm and 0.2° on average over 17 weeks. The maximum discrepancy between OSMS and other imaging modalities or radiation isocenters was 0.8 mm and 0.3°. However, systematic shifts of radiation isocenter anteriorly and laterally relative to the OSMS isocenter were observed. The measured discrepancies were consistent from week-to-week except for two weeks when the isocenter discrepancies of 0.8 mm were noted due to drifts of the OSMS isocenter. Once recalibration was performed on OSMS, the discrepancy was reduced to 0.3 mm and 0.2°.By performing the proposed QA on a weekly basis, the isocenter congruencies of multiple imaging systems and radiation isocenter were validated for a linear accelerator.
Building Social Skills: An Investigation of a LEGO-Centered Social Skills Intervention

Recent researchers have suggested that the incorporation of participant interests into social skills training may be an effective training strategy for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). One frequently reported interest, LEGOs, has been evaluated in several studies. As no studies to date have evaluated whether LEGO-based social skills training results in improvements in discrete social skills taught, the current study sought to do so. Four children with ASD attended a twice-weekly social skills program in which skills were taught in the context of playing with LEGOs. Using behavioral skills training, participants were taught discrete social skills through playing with LEGOS. Results of the study suggest that participants generally improved in skill accuracy during probes with researchers. Generalization of skills to novel peers was more limited. Participants reported having a moderately positive view of the intervention. Social skills instruction combining behavioral skills training and participant interests was effective in increasing social skill accuracy in training settings.
A routing strategy for power communication networks based on SDN architecture

With the rapid development of smart grid, the power communication network carries a large number of key traffics to ensure the stable operation of the power grid. The reliability and energy consumption of the power communication network has become a hot issue in this field. Link load balancing is a key factor to ensure the reliability of the power communication networks. However, when link load balancing is implemented, more fiber links will be activated, which increase energy consumption. Therefore, taking account of both link load balancing and energy saving, this paper proposes a multi-objective routing strategy in power communication networks based on the in-band Software-defined Network (SDN) architecture. In this strategy, a service request is responded by our routing algorithm, and if there are more than one service request simultaneously, the service requests are responded by the service importance. In our routing algorithm, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is used for multi-objective optimization, and an individual is selected from the Pareto-optimal front as the final solution by the path delay. Compared with the routing strategy using the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol, our routing strategy obtains a better trade-off between link load balancing and energy saving.
A dedicated cerebrovascular anesthesia team is a critical component of a comprehensive stroke center.

There has been a long-standing debate regarding the optimal approach to the anesthetic management of patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy. While the vast majority of intracranial neurointerventional procedures are performed under general anesthesia (GA), thrombectomy has been treated differently. Thrombectomy cases are fundamentally different from traditional cases in that they occur at all hours of the day (and night) and always represent a time-critical emergency. At many institutions the anesthetic management of these patients is left to the available general on-call anesthesia staff, or sometimes they are performed without an anesthesiologist at all. It is the rare exception that a dedicated, experienced, on-call cerebrovascular anesthesia team is available. As thrombectomy has become established as the standard of care for emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO), it is time that neurointerventional surgery evolves in the same direction as have other subspecialties such as cardiothoracic surgery, which typically have a dedicated, specialized, anesthesia team. Until recently, most studies had suggested that GA led to higher mortality rates and worse neurological outcomes for thrombectomy patients. In general, these studies were methodologically weak, inherently biased, and either post hoc analyses of prospective studies or altogether retrospective. To date, three randomized controlled trials have analyzed this very …
Triterpenoid Saponins in Oat Bran and Their Levels in Commercial Oat Products.

Oats are commonly consumed as whole grains and generally considered as a healthy food. However, the bioactive compounds in oats have not been fully investigated. In this study, we reported for the ...
Healthy Intimate Relationships and the Adult With Autism

Objective:An adult faces many challenges; however, one experience that is often taken for granted by neurotypical individuals is building intimate relationships. The purpose of this article is to d...
The Effect of Acute Interpersonal Racial Discrimination on Smoking Motivation and Behavior Among Black Smokers: an Experimental Study.

In comparison to White smokers, Black smokers are likely to report both more discrimination and less success in smoking cessation. No previous study has tested the causal relationship between an experience of racial discrimination and smoking variables associated with cessation. The goal of this study was to test the causal influence of interpersonal racial discrimination on smoking motivation (i.e., the urge to smoke cigarettes, cessation self-efficacy, and smoking behavior) using a controlled experimental design. We used a virtual ball-playing game to create a laboratory model of racial discrimination. A 2 × 2 between-subjects factorial design (inclusion/exclusion vs. ingroup/outgroup) was used to randomly assign participants to one of four groups: (1) included/ingroup, (2) included/outgroup, (3) excluded/ingroup (ostracism), and (4) excluded/outgroup (racial discrimination). Sixty-nine Black smokers were recruited from the community. Participants in the excluded conditions reported lower cessation self-efficacy than those in the included conditions. Participants in the outgroup conditions had reduced latency to smoke compared to those in the ingroup conditions. There were no main effects of social inclusion on cravings or latency to smoke and no statistically significant interactions for social inclusion × group membership. This laboratory simulation of racial discrimination shows a causal relationship between exclusion and low cessation self-efficacy, which contributes to a better understanding of influences upon smoking cessation attempts among Black smokers.
Disliking Students: The Experiences and Perspectives of College Teachers

The pedagogical literature offers advice for effective management of difficult student behaviors, but there is little acknowledgement of the negative feelings teachers may develop toward the studen...
Classifying Long Clinical Documents with Pre-trained Transformers.

Automatic phenotyping is a task of identifying cohorts of patients that match a predefined set of criteria. Phenotyping typically involves classifying long clinical documents that contain thousands of tokens. At the same time, recent state-of-art transformer-based pre-trained language models limit the input to a few hundred tokens (e.g. 512 tokens for BERT). We evaluate several strategies for incorporating pre-trained sentence encoders into document-level representations of clinical text, and find that hierarchical transformers without pre-training are competitive with task pre-trained models.
Leveraging Sustainable Design Practices through Supplier Involvement in New Product Development: The Role of Suppliers’ Environmental Management Capability

Firms often aim to develop new products in an environmentally sustainable fashion, while at the same time ensuring profitability. While firms may aim to do so themselves through internal sustainable design practices, what has increasingly become prevalent is to leverage the expertise of suppliers in such endeavors. With this framing and by relying on the resource-based view and its extensions reflected in the natural resource-based view of the firm, this study develops a conceptual model theorizing how internal resources in the form of sustainable design practices enable a firm to improve the environmental and economic performance associated with new product development initiatives. Further, we propose that (external) supplier involvement in new product development complements a firm’s internal efforts to reap benefits from sustainable design practices, with this complementary effect however being contingent on the suppliers’ environmental management capability. The results from testing this model with empirical survey data provide important academic and managerial insights regarding how firms should best manage their efforts to develop environmentally friendly new products through the leveraging of both internal (firm) and external (supplier) resources.
Rationalist atheology

Atheology, accurately defined by Alvin Plantinga, offers reasons why god’s existence is implausible. Skeptically reasoning that theological arguments for god fail to make their case is one way of leaving supernaturalism in an implausible condition. This ‘rationalist’ atheology appeals to logical standards to point out fallacies and other sorts of inferential gaps. Beyond that methodological marker, few shared tactics characterize atheists and agnostics stalking theological targets. If unbelief be grounded on reason, let atheology start from a theological stronghold: the principle of sufficient reason, a cornerstone of rationality. Seven rules, corollaries to that principle, are enough to show how theological arguments for god repeatedly contravene rationality by perpetuating mysteries, contradictions, begging of questions, pseudo-explanations, and the like. None of these complaints are new, nor has theology been unaware of them. Disorganized atheology has, so far, allowed theology to appear to answer them. Five major arguments for god are systematically analyzed and refuted using these seven rules of rationality, as a preliminary exercise illustrating this re-organized and re-focused rationalist atheology.
Der Orient nach dem Niedergang der Griechischen Gesellschaft

Die alte Kultur des Nahen Ostens ist trotz des hellenistischen Einflusses niemals verschwunden. Sowohl orientalische als auch griechische Einflusse treten in der Wissenschaft von Alexandria deutlich zutage; Konstantinopel und Indien waren ebenfalls wichtige Treffpunkte des Ostens und Westens. Im Jahre 395 grundete Theodosius I. das Byzantinische Reich; die Hauptstadt Konstantinopel war griechisch, aber sie war das Verwaltungszentrum von grosen Gebieten, in denen die Griechen nur einen Teil der stadtischen Bevolkerung bildeten. Tausend Jahre lang kampfte dieses Reich gegen die Krafte aus dem Osten, Norden und Westen, wobei es gleichzeitig als Bewahrer der griechischen Kultur und als Brucke zwischen Ost und West in Erscheinung trat. Mesopotamien wurde schon fruhzeitig, im zweiten Jahrhundert u. Z., von den Romern und Griechen unabhangig, zuerst unter den Partherkonigen, spater (266) unter der rein persischen Dynastie der Sassaniden. Das Gebiet am Indus hatte einige hundert Jahre lang mehrere griechische Dynastien, die im ersten Jahrhundert u. Z. verschwanden; aber die darauffolgenden einheimischen indischen Konigreiche hielten kulturelle Beziehungen mit Persien und dem Westen aufrecht.
Scheduling, limited capacity and constraint logic programming

Solving scheduling problems with constraint logic programming has been a well studied subject in research projects over the last few years. The emphasis has been put on how to model and solve scheduling problems in CLP. The main contribution of this paper is the generalization of the notion of limited capacity in the context of scheduling. In former approaches, resources were assumed to offer a capacity of one unit, and no choice among different resources was possible, or only one resource with a capacity greater than one was considered. The author proposes a more abstract view of resources called abstract resource groups, ARGs, allowing one to model and solve resource group planning problems. An algorithm to decompose scheduling problems on ARGs into independent subproblems is presented. The author describes a translation of the constraints used to model scheduling problems into CLP with emphasis on the capacity conditions. Finally, the author briefly reports his experiences with the application of a system based on this approach to a large sized industrial scheduling problem.
The syntax of acoustic segments

The grouping of acoustic segments into syllables and words reflects a structural organization similar to that found at many higher levels of linguistics. Evidence from speech perception studies indicates that the human interpretation of an acoustic segment is a function of its position in the stream of speech segments. Speech synthesis programs use segment-combination rules that depend on the manner of production classes of the constituent segments. This paper reviews considerations for use of the syntactic approach in automatic segmental analysis of speech for speech recognition applications. We find that the segmentation and labeling processes are sufficiently strongly connected to make context-independent segmentation unlikely to prove successful in practice. Voicing and manner of production are the features under strongest syntactic constraint while segments differing in place of production can be more freely substituted.
Relationship of Components in Wheat Bran and Spinach to Iron Bioavailability in the Anemic Rat

Components found in wheat bran and spinach were evaluated as to their affect on the bioavailability of ferrous iron (i.e., FeSO4) by using the criteria of hemoglobin regeneration in anemic rats. The relative biological value (RBV) of iron in wheat bran and spinach (FeSO4 = 100%) were determined to be 124 and 53%, respectively. Control diets with graded levels of FeSO4 did not contain dietary fiber (i.e., cellulose). Adding cellulose (1.74%) or phytic acid (0.66%) at levels contained in the wheat bran diet, significantly increased (P less than 0.05) the RBV f the ferrous iron to 126 and 124%, respectively. The addition of 2.10% oxalic acid, the amount in the spinach diet, caused the highest increase in RBV to 164%. Combining these dietary components, plus lignin (0.67%) and pectin (0.63%), in various combinations, resulted in RBVs equivalent or significantly higher than 100%. The bioavailability of iron in plant foods appears to be dependent on how this nutrient is presented to the mucosa. Cellulose, phytate or oxalate added to a purified diet containing ferrous iron significantly enhanced the bioavailability of this element. Relative biological values for iron were also calculated based on food intake and growth rate. The latter parameters are believed to have greater utility in determining RBV when food intake and/or growth rate may vary among animals consuming different sources of test iron.
The analytics of uncertainty and information

Economists have always recognised that human endeavours are constrained by our limited and uncertain knowledge, but only recently has an accepted theory of uncertainty and information evolved. This theory has turned out to have surprisingly practical applications: for example in analysing stock market returns, in evaluating accident prevention measures, and in assessing patent and copyright laws. This book presents these intellectual advances in readable form for the first time. It unifies many important but partial results into a satisfying single picture, making it clear how the economics of uncertainty and information generalises and extends standard economic analysis. Part One of the volume covers the economics of uncertainty: how each person adapts to a given fixed state of knowledge by making an optimal choice among the immediate 'terminal' actions available. These choices in turn determine the overall market equilibrium reflecting the social distribution of risk bearing. In Part Two, covering the economics of information, the state of knowledge is no longer held fixed. Instead, individuals can to a greater or lesser extent overcome their ignorance by 'informational' actions. The text also addresses at appropriate points many specific topics such as insurance, the Capital Asset Pricing model, auctions, deterrence of entry, and research and invention.
A Cross-Country Study of Smoking Cessation Assistance Utilization in 16 Low and Middle Income Countries: Data From the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (2008–2012)

INTRODUCTION While it is clear that tobacco use has been increasing in developing countries, it is unclear whether smokers in these countries utilize cessation assistance to quit. We examined the extent to which smokers in developing countries use assistance when making a cessation attempt. METHODS Data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey of 16 low and middle income countries were analyzed. This nationally representative household survey collected data on assistance that smokers used to quit, such as provider advice, pharmacotherapy, and quit lines between 2008 and 2012. RESULTS Use of any of the recommended assistance in the past 12 months varied greatly in lower middle income countries (4% to 27%), and to a lesser extent in upper middle income countries (5% to 18%). Counseling and pharmacotherapy were more commonly used than other types of assistance, though the prevalence was low across countries (counseling: 1% to 15%; pharmacotherapy: 1% to 27%). Quit lines were rarely used (0.1% to 1.5%). The average age of assistance users and nonusers was both around 40. In general, past users of cessation assistance tended to have higher education levels than nonusers. CONCLUSIONS Cessation assistance is underused in these low and middle income countries. Tobacco control advocates in these countries should work on ways to promote use of cessation assistance to enhance quit rates.
The colonna capsular arthroplasty. A long-term follow-up study of fifty-six patients.

1. A series of fifty-six patients with sixty-three dislocated hips treated by Colonna capsular arthroplasty are reviewed. The average follow-up is seventeen years. 2. The clinical results revealed excellent results in eight patients, good results in twenty-three patients, fair results in nineteen patients, and poor results in six patients. 3. The limitation of motion which occurred in many patients did not seen to affect the functional result except in patients with bilateral involvement. 4. Good results tended to occur in younger patients, in those who have had adequate preoperative traction, in patients with unilateral involvenient, and in those with no disease in other joints. 5. Poor results tended to occur in patients with bilateral involvement, in those in whom avascular necrosis developed, and in those who were operated on later in life. 6. The onset of degenerative changes in the hip associated with pain usually occurred in patients during the middle of the third decade following surgery. 7. The capsular arthroplasty can be a useful surgical operation if indications and technique are followed closely. One must realize the limitations and possible complications. 8. Centralization of the femoral head at the triradiate cartilage will facilitate subsequent reconstructive surgery.
Making the Transition to Postsecondary Education and Training

A nationally representative sample of youth with disabilities who recently exited high school was studied to determine the participation of the youth in postsecondary educational programs. The results show that youth with disabilities participate in postsecondary programs at only one-quarter the rate attained by their counterparts without disabilities and at only one-third the rate attained by economically disadvantaged youth. The relationship of postsecondary education for youth with disabilities to long-term success in employment is yet to be determined.
EHMTI-0318. The place of corticosteroids in migraine attack management: systematic review and critical appraisal

Headaches recur in up to 87% of migraine patients visiting the emergency department (ED), making ED recidivism a management challenge.
Economic, clinical, and quality-of-life outcomes associated with olanzapine treatment in mania. Results from a randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Introduction: The objectives of this study were to determine the economic, clinical, and quality-of-life outcomes associated with olanzapine treatment in patients diagnosed with mania. Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder with manic or mixed episodes were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. The study design comprised a 3-week acute phase followed by a 49-week open label extension. In the open label extension, the use of lithium and fluoxetine was permitted for patients who experienced breakthrough symptoms. Clinical, economic, and quality-of-life outcomes of treatment were assessed. Results: During the acute phase, olanzapine patients experienced a statistically significant greater mean improvement from baseline on the Y-MRS total score compared to the placebo patients. In the open label extension, patients experienced a statistically significant mean change of 11.8 units on the Y-MRS from the end of the acute phase. When compared to costs incurred in the previous 12 months of therapy, patients experienced savings of almost $900 per month during the 49 weeks of olanzapine therapy. These cost savings were largely driven by reductions in in-patient costs during the open label extension. Health-related quality of life improvements measured by the SF-36 were seen on several dimensions both in the 3-week acute phase as well as in the 49-week open label extension. Conclusion: From a clinical, economic, and quality-of-life outcomes standpoint, olanzapine had a significant impact in the treatment of mania, and could be considered a cost-effective treatment option for use in this population if these findings are extrapolated to non-clinical trial populations.
Effects of Psychological Stress on Male Reproduction: A Review

Many forms of stress, including psychological, can affect male fertility and reproduction. The autonomic nervous system and the adrenal hormones participate in the classic stress response while also affecting the reproductive system. Evidence exists that mild-to-severe emotional stress depresses testosterone and perhaps interferes with spermatogenesis in the human male. There are difficulties, however, in attributing individual cases of infertility to psychological factors without evidence of psychopathology. In animals social stress, high altitude, surgery, and immobilization stress affect body weight, testosterone levels, and copulatory behavior with variable effects on testicular morphology. Stress applied to the pregnant rat also affects the development and sexual behavior of the male offspring. This literature is reviewed and discussed in terms of the usefulness of animal models and suggested future research.
SEX, STATUS, AND LIKING OF TUTOR AND LEARNER AS PREDICTORS OF TUTORIAL OUTCOMES

An investigation of the effects of 24 tutors' and 24 learners' characteristics on tutorial outcomes in a spelling program was conducted. Data analysis indicates that only the learner's pretutorial spelling score was a predictor of the amount of learning.
“You Would Not Believe What I Have to Go Through to Prove My Intellectual Value!” Stereotype Management Among Academically Successful Black Mathematics and Engineering Students

Stereotype management is introduced to explain high achievement and resilience among 23 Black mathematics and engineering college students. Characterized as a tactical response to ubiquitous forms of racism and racialized experiences across school and non-school contexts, stereotype management emerged along overlapping paths of racial, gender, and mathematics identity development. Interviews revealed that although stereotype management facilitated success in these domains, the students maintained an intense and perpetual state of awareness that their racial identities and Blackness are undervalued and constantly under assault within mathematics and engineering contexts. With age development and maturity, the students progressed from being preoccupied with attempts to prove stereotypes wrong to adopting more self-defined reasons to achieve. The results suggest that stereotype threat is not deterministic.