cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
(Re)Discovering Story and Voice: The Adaptive Community Theatre Project

The Adaptive Community Theatre Project (ACTP) at the University of Central Florida (UCF) served to honor the voices and stories of community members with aphasia and other acquired neurocognitive disabilities, while combatting the isolation and depression often felt by this demographic. This paper will explore the ways in which the pilot year programming of ACTP evolved over time, due in part to the primary author’s perceived disinterest of the neuroatypical participants. Though initially the neuroatypical participants expressed interest in the project, erratic rehearsal attendance, transportation issues, cognitive fatigue, and stage fright presented challenges for the participants and created obstacles to the theatre process. This led to multiple modifications, including shifting from an ensemble-based mixed-ability devising model to an ethnographic model, and shifting from a full performance to a staged reading and community discussion. This paper offers an overview of the ACTP and the challenges that led to multiple structural revisions throughout the development of the project. Written from the perspective of the ACTP artistic director, a reflection and analysis on the project’s pilot year concludes with a proposed model for successful community-based theatre work with participants with acquired neurocognitive disabilities and neurotypical volunteers. This paper asks: What are the best practices for creating theatre with/for participants with neurological/neurocognitive deficits? What tensions in objectives, communication, and access arise when a team of neurotypical individuals creates artistic and extracurricular programing for neuroatypical individuals? And how can neurotypical theatre-makers interested in accessibility and inclusion adapt their approach to rise to the challenges presented by these tensions?
Friday night disability: The portrayal of youthful social interactions in television's Friday Night Lights

Youth with disabilities negotiate social interaction with peers with several notable disadvantages in ableist culture. In addition, the characterizations of both real and fictional characters in mass media, particularly television, have an impact as well. However, youth with disabilities are significantly underrepresented in television series. Using the model of social relations by Alan Fiske and descriptive research design, we quantitatively examined the televisual characterization of a youth who acquires a disability in the television drama Friday Night Lights . We found that using the Fiskeian social model helped to uncover the social reality of disability as portrayed through youthful social interactions, which we closely tracked in the first season of this program. We situate this reality in the broader context of cultural narratives about disability in mass media.
Backstabbed: routine lumbar puncture complicated by retroperitoneal hematoma and hemorrhagic shock.

Abstract Lumbar punctures (LPs) are commonly performed procedures, serving diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. They are generally safe, and serious, life-threatening complications are rare. We report a case of a patient who underwent an LP and subsequently developed shock. Imaging studies revealed a retroperitoneal hematoma with an active bleed. Interrogation of the lumbar branches in the interventional radiology suite revealed an active arterial bleed at the level of L3-L4 which was successfully embolized. We present this case to highlight the possibility of a rare complication of an LP and to emphasize the importance of early detection and resuscitative intervention.
Advanced calculations of X-ray spectroscopies with FEFF10 and Corvus

The real-space Green's function code FEFF has been extensively developed and used for calculations of X-ray and related spectra, including X-ray absorption (XAS), X-ray emission (XES), inelastic X-ray scattering, and electron energy-loss spectra. The code is particularly useful for the analysis and interpretation of the XAS fine-structure (EXAFS) and the near-edge structure (XANES) in materials throughout the periodic table. Nevertheless, many applications, such as non-equilibrium systems, and the analysis of ultra-fast pump-probe experiments, require extensions of the code including finite-temperature and auxiliary calculations of structure and vibrational properties. To enable these extensions, we have developed in tandem a new version FEFF10 and new FEFF-based workflows for the Corvus workflow manager, which allow users to easily augment the capabilities of FEFF10 via auxiliary codes. This coupling facilitates simplified input and automated calculations of spectra based on advanced theoretical techniques. The approach is illustrated with examples of high-temperature behavior, vibrational properties, many-body excitations in XAS, super-heavy materials, and fits of calculated spectra to experiment.
Chromatin replication in Tetrahymena pyriformis.

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses the investigation of chromatin replication in Tetrahymena provided some unexpected evidence in favor of an altered conformation of chromatin in the immediate area of the replication fork, which would be consistent with the involvement of fixed structural entities at the fork region. With regard to the sites of replication within the nucleus, two distinct possibilities can be envisaged. First, the replication forks with their attendant proteins could be essentially free in the nucleoplasm and physically move along the chromatin strand from origin to termination. The opposite situation would be fixed points of replication within the nucleus, with the chromatin fibers passing over or through these fixed points during replication. The chapter at present unable to offer any satisfactory explanation for this discrepancy: the two obvious possibilities, that Tetrahymena and Drosophila differ in replicative mechanism, or that small differences in salt concentration, buffer type, etc., could cause a dramatic rearrangement of deposited histones, are both unattractive. It is currently examining histone deposition in other systems in an attempt to provide further insight into the question.
Flexible organic temperature sensors

The design and fabrication of thin film temperature sensors for various applications is an important and well established field. In order to gain familiarity with the design and fabrication of such devices, students at the Virginia Military Institute create and test their own thin film temperature sensors using organic polymers. The sensor is created by depositing a conducting polymer onto a flexible substrate with electrical contacts deposited by thermal evaporation. The resistance of the polymer as a function of temperature establishes a relationship that is then used to determine unknown resistances.
Nanostructure and kinetic isotope effect of alkali-doped Pt/silica catalysts for water-gas shift and steam-assisted formic acid decomposition

Abstract For alkali-doped silica supported Pt catalysts, STEM-EDX measurements indicate the alkali metal promoter is well dispersed over the support, existing both away from and in close proximity to 1–4 nm Pt crystallites. A normal kinetic isotope effect was identified in switching from CO + D 2 O to CO + H 2 O, and the magnitude of the KIE was identical to that of steam-assisted formic acid decomposition, where the label was placed at the C–H bond: HCOOH + H 2 O to DCOOH + H 2 O. Moreover, an identical decrease in the KIE of both reactions was identified following Na-doping, consistent with the proposal that Na electronically weakens the formate C–H bond. This finding suggests that an associative mechanism may operate, in line with previous findings over alkali doped Pt/zirconia. The results are consistent with a mechanism involving formate C–H bond breaking as the rate-limiting step of that pathway. However, one cannot rule out the presence of alternative (e.g., a related intermediate) or parallel pathways.
Developments in volcanic gas research in Hawaii.

Volcanic gas from lava lake, noting carbon and sulfur gases depletion during cooling and solidification
Hemodialysis Catheter‐Associated Endocarditis: Clinical Features, Risks, and Costs

Endocarditis associated with vascular access catheters for hemodialysis (HD) is a catastrophic but not widely appreciated phenomenon. Its current incidence, clinical outcome, and associated costs are not easily ascertained. Increasing use of tunneled catheters for HD access may result in a larger pool of patients at risk for endocarditis. We present two representative cases, review recent trends, and assess the current potential for additional cases.
Efficient and Qualitatively Distinct MHC Class I-Restricted Presentation of Antigen Targeted to the Endoplasmic Reticulum

For most nascent glycoprotein Ags, the MHC class I-restricted processing pathway begins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). From this location, they are translocated to the cytosol for degradation by the proteasome. A reasonable assumption is that processing of exocytic Ags is less efficient than that of cytosolic Ags, due to the requirement for additional handling, but that the processing pathways for the two types of proteins are otherwise similar. To test this, we compared the presentation of three epitopes within influenza nucleoprotein (NP) when this Ag is targeted to the cytosol or the ER. Surprisingly, under conditions of limited Ag expression, presentation of two proteasome-dependent epitopes is comparable when NP is targeted to the ER while presentation of a third is negatively impacted. Furthermore, presentation of the third epitope is unaffected by the addition of proteasome inhibitor when cytosolic NP is expressed but is significantly enhanced when exocytic NP is expressed. These results indicate that delivery of Ag to the ER need not preclude efficient presentation and that processing of cytosolic and ER-targeted Ag is qualitatively distinct.
Selection of putative cis-regulatory motifs through regional and global conservation

Cis-regulatory motifs are often overrepresented in promoters and may exhibit frequency biases in subpromoter regions (SPRs). Many probabilistic algorithms have been used to predict such motifs, but they tend to generate many false positives. We devised a novel algorithm, MotifFilter, that computes representation indices (RIs) for putative motifs. MotifFilter's RI is a ratio of the actual over expected frequency of a motif in promoters, SPRs or random genomic DNA that takes into account of the nucleotide probability distributions in these regions. This approach was applied to a genome-wide survey of putative cAMP-response elements (CREs) for motifs generated by a profile hidden Markov model. Twenty of 144 putative CRE motifs found in the survey were retained by the MotifFilter.
A systematic approach to the analysis of protein phosphorylation

Reversible protein phosphorylation has been known for some time to control a wide range of biological functions and activities. Thus determination of the site(s) of protein phosphorylation has been an essential step in the analysis of the control of many biological systems. However, direct determination of individual phosphorylation sites occurring on phosphoproteins in vivo has been difficult to date, typically requiring the purification to homogeneity of the phosphoprotein of interest before analysis. Thus, there has been a substantial need for a more rapid and general method for the analysis of protein phosphorylation in complex protein mixtures. Here we describe such an approach to protein phosphorylation analysis. It consists of three steps: (1) selective phosphopeptide isolation from a peptide mixture via a sequence of chemical reactions, (2) phosphopeptide analysis by automated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and (3) identification of the phosphoprotein and the phosphorylated residue(s) by correlation of tandem mass spectrometric data with sequence databases. By utilizing various phosphoprotein standards and a whole yeast cell lysate, we demonstrate that the method is equally applicable to serine-, threonine- and tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, and is capable of selectively isolating and identifying phosphopeptides present in a highly complex peptide mixture.
Review of Bridge Design and Evaluation: LRFD and LRFR by Gongkang Fu

Dr. Gongkang Fu is Professor of Civil Engineering and Chairman of the Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering at Illinois Institute of Technology. He has taught bridge design and evaluation at Wayne State University and the Illinois Institute of Technology for 16 years. He was Head of Structures Research with the NewYork State DOT for 7 years, and has worked on research and design projects for the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the DOTs of California, Georgia, New York, Michigan, and Ohio.
Do I hear a million

Researchers have been using ice core data to steadily push our knowledge of climate change back to earlier and earlier times. In his Perspective, White discusses the importance of the 740,000-year-long record from the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica. This is nearly twice the time span previous ice cores have provided and accesses for the first time in an ice core the Mid Bruhnes Event, a fundamental shift in the pattern of climate at about a half-million years ago. When fully analyzed, the EPICA core will provide a rich source of information about greenhouse gases, glaciation cycles, and climate trends. This record leads ice core scientists to believe that ice 1 million years old, when glacial cycles shifted from 41,000- to 100,000-year cycles, is waiting near the base of the Antarctic Ice Sheet.
Undiagnosed Cognitive Impairment among Patients Referred for Carotid Doppler Evaluation Is Associated with Increased Non-Adherence with Medical Treatment of Vascular Risk Factors (P2.115)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if undiagnosed cognitive impairment impacts medical treatment in carotid disease BACKGROUND: Treatment of vascular risk factors may result in decreasing the burden of vascular dementia. Because carotid occlusive disease has been linked to cognitive impairment and patients with carotid disease have multiple vascular risk factors, we investigated the impact of cognitive impairment on adherence to medications among patients referred for carotid Doppler evaluation. DESIGN/METHODS: Sixty consecutive patients without known dementia or stroke referred for carotid Doppler evaluation were screened for evidence of cognitive impairment using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Medication adherence was monitored using electronic pharmacy prescription refills available through the Veterans Affairs medical records system. Medications studied included antiplatelets, statins, antihypertensives and diabetes medications. Non-adherence was defined as a lag of 蠅3 months in refills over the previous 12 months prior to cognitive screening. Differences between groups were assessed using chi-square and Fisher9s exact tests. RESULTS: Fifty-seven percent (34/60) had evidence of cognitive impairment (MoCA<26, range 17-25). Non-adherence to at least one of the four medication categories described above was noted in 29/60 patients (48%): 25/34 (73%) in patients with versus 4/26 (15%) in those without cognitive impairment (p<0.0001). For individual medication categories, non-adherence to antiplatelets and statins was significantly higher in patients with cognitive impairment compared to those with normal cognition (p=0.003 and p=0.015, respectively). No differences between groups with and without cognitive impairment were noted for antihypertensives and diabetes medications. CONCLUSIONS: Non-adherence to medications treating vascular risk factors in patients referred for carotid Doppler evaluation is more common in those with compared to those without cognitive impairment. The association between cognitive impairment and medication non-adherence suggests that cognitive screening may identify a subgroup of patients at higher risk for future cerebrovascular events that would benefit from increased supervision to improve medication adherence. Study Supported by: Department of Veterans Affairs Merit (Award 1I01CX000340) and 2011 VISN 16 grants Disclosure: Dr. Kirkpatrick has nothing to disclose. Dr. Guthery has nothing to disclose. Dr. Prodan has received research support from the Veterans Affairs Office.
Type 3 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors May Be Protective Against Cerebrovascular Events in Patients with Claudication

Objective: The risk of cerebrovascular events in patients with mild to moderate peripheral vascular disease is significant. Cilostazol is a phosphodiesterase type 3 (PDE3) inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of symptoms of peripheral arterial occlusive disease. The method of action includes antithrombotic, vasodilatory, and antiproliferative effects. Methods: The Cilostazol: A Study in Long-Term Effects (CASTLE) trial was a prospective randomized double-blinded trial to establish the safety of this PDE3 inhibitor use in 1435 patients with mild to moderate peripheral arterial occlusive disease. A post hoc analysis of the CASTLE trial was undertaken to evaluate cilostazol use on cerebrovascular events. Blinded adjudication of all cerebrovascular events (stroke, transient ischemic attack, and carotid revascularization) in this trial was performed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for statistical evaluation. Results: The overall rate of cerebrovascular events was 4.6% (67 of 1435 patients) with a mean follow-up of 515 days. Ischemic vascular events were more common (2.5%) than hemorrhagic events (0.3%; P , .05). The placebo group demonstrated a greater risk for events (6.1%; 43 of 718 patients) versus the cilostazol treated group (3.2%; 24 of 717 patients; P , .05). Cerebrovascular risk factors were similar in both groups. Conclusion: The risk of cerebrovascular events in patients with mild to moderate peripheral arterial occlusive disease is 4.6% with a mean follow-up of 515 days. Treatment with PDE3 inhibitors may reduce this risk. Further evaluation of the use of PDE3 inhibitors for prevention of cerebrovascular
Phase II trial of doxorubicin and trifluoperazine in metastatic breast cancer.

Pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown that trifluoperazine (TFP) can modulate multidrug resistance. We have performed a Phase II trial of TFP and doxorubicin in doxorubicin-naive patients with metastatic breast cancer. We hypothesized that TFP would inhibit the development of doxorubicin resistance, resulting in an increased rate of complete response or a prolongation in response duration. Twenty patients with metastatic breast cancer were treated every 3 weeks with TFP 5 mg by mouth every 6 hours on days 0–5 and doxorubicin 60 mg/m2/96 hr on days 1–4 by continuous intravenous infusion. The first 5 patients were treated with TFP 15 mg by mouth every 6 hours, but the dose was reduced to 5 mg every 6 hours when grade 3–4 extrapyramidal toxicity was noted in 3 of the first 5 patients. Thereafter, neurologic toxicity was grade 0–2. No complete and 9 partial responses were produced in 20 patients (45%). The median response duration was 17 weeks (range 7–112). The combination of trifluoperazine and doxorubicin did not seem to produce a response rate or duration markedly different than that expected for doxorubicin alone in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Alternative trial designs may be necessary in future clinical trials investigating the inhibition of acquisition of drug resistance.
Fountain and Upwash Flowfields of Multijet Arrangements

A series of cold-gas experiments was performed to determine the characteristics of the upwash and fountain regions of multijets exhausting normal to a ground plane. Detailed total pressure surveys were taken in lateral and vertical planes for both two-jet upwash and three-jet fountain flows. Fountain measurements are presented which depict the gradual formation of coalescent fountain flow from its constituent two-jet upwash flows. Flow visualizations of the ground and vertical planes of symmetry are presented for three-jet fountain flow. Stagnation line behavior under conditions of asymmetry were achieved by rotating the ground plane. Comparisons with a semiempirical prediction methodology are also presented.
Gd3+Gd3+ exchange coupling in ionic rare earth insulators☆

Abstract The exchange constant for pairs of Gd3+ ions in a number of insulating rare earth crystals is shown to vary systematically as a function of the Gd3+-Gd3+ ion separation.
Detection of Methanol in a Class 0 Protostellar Disk

We report the detection of emission from methanol in a compact source coincident with the position of the L1157 infrared source, which we attribute to molecules in the disk surrounding this young, class 0 protostellar object.
A short drift GEM tracking detector for measuring escaped positrons in PET

A short drift GEM detector has been studied for use as a tracking device for positrons emitted from isotopes used in PET. The detector utilizes a triple GEM detector with a short drift region above the GEM stack to collect the ionization from positrons that traverse the gap. An XV strip readout is used to measure two transverse coordinates and the drift time is used to measure the third coordinate in the drift direction. The three dimensional coordinates are used to construct a vector for the track which can be used to determine the direction of the incident positron. A full Monte Carlo simulation of the detector response was implemented and produced lines of response that were used for image reconstruction and compared with actual data from the detector, as well as to estimate the position and angular resolution for tracks incident on the detector at different angles. In addition, a separate Geant4 Monte Carlo program was used to evaluate the effect of multiple scattering of low momentum positron tracks. The motivation and possible applications for imaging thin structures in biological systems, such as plant leaves, is discussed and preliminary phantom results of positron imaging are presented.
Trace formulas for Hecke operators, Gaussian hypergeometric functions, and the modularity of a threefold

We present simple trace formulas for Hecke operators Tk(p) for all p>3 on Sk(Γ0(3)) and Sk(Γ0(9)), the spaces of cusp forms of weight k and levels 3 and 9. These formulas can be expressed in terms of special values of Gaussian hypergeometric series and lend themselves to recursive expressions in terms of traces of Hecke operators on spaces of lower weight. Along the way, we show how to express the traces of Frobenius of a family of elliptic curves equipped with a 3-torsion point as special values of a Gaussian hypergeometric series over Fq, when q≡1(mod3). As an application, we use these formulas to provide a simple expression for the Fourier coefficients of η(3z)8, the unique normalized cusp form of weight 4 and level 9, and then show that the number of points on a certain threefold is expressible in terms of these coefficients.
Muscle Dynamics in Fish During Steady Swimming

SYNOPSIs. Recent research in fish locomotion has been dominated by an interest in the dynamic mechanical properties of the swimming musculature. Prior observations have indicated that waves of muscle activation travel along the body of an undulating fish faster than the resulting waves of muscular contraction, suggesting that the phase relation between the muscle strain cycle and its activation must vary along the body. Since this phase relation is critical in determining how the muscle performs in cyclic contractions, the possibility has emerged that dynamic muscle function may change with axial position in swimming fish. Quantification of muscle contractile properties in cyclic contractions relies on in vitro experiments using strain and activation data collected in vivo. In this paper we discuss the relation between these parameters and body kinematics. Using videoradiographic data from swimming mackerel we demonstrate that red muscle strain can be accurately predicted from midline curvature but not from lateral displacement. Electromyographic recordings show neuronal activation patterns that are consistent with red muscle performing net positive work at all axial positions. The relatively constant cross-section of red muscle along much of the body suggests that positive power for swimming is generated fairly uniformly along the length of the fish.
Generation of metastable electron traps in the near interfacial region of SOI buried Oxides by ion implantation and their effect on device properties

Implanting the buried oxide of silicon-on-insulator technologies can create electron traps throughout the buried oxide that can compensate the buildup of radiation-induced positive charge. These can be used as an effective method for total-dose hardening buried oxides in SOI devices. In this work, we show that implanting buried oxides can also create thermally activated metastable electron traps near the top Si/SiO2 border. These metastable electron traps can produce significant bias instabilities in the back-gate transistor characteristics and lead to threshold voltage instabilities in fully-depleted devices.
The Recent Breakup of an Asteroid in the Main-Belt Region

The present population of asteroids in the main belt is largely the result of many past collisions1,2. Ideally, the asteroid fragments resulting from each impact event could help us understand the large-scale collisions that shaped the planets during early epochs3,4,5. Most known asteroid fragment families, however, are very old and have therefore undergone significant collisional and dynamical evolution since their formation6. This evolution has masked the properties of the original collisions. Here we report the discovery of a family of asteroids that formed in a disruption event only 5.8 ± 0.2 million years ago, and which has subsequently undergone little dynamical and collisional evolution5,6. We identified 39 fragments, two of which are large and comparable in size (diameters of ∼19 and ∼14 km), with the remainder exhibiting a continuum of sizes in the range 2–7 km. The low measured ejection velocities suggest that gravitational re-accumulation after a collision may be a common feature of asteroid evolution. Moreover, these data can be used to check numerical models of larger-scale collisions8.
Time-shared, perceptual-motor skills during 7 days of isolation

Forty Ss attempted to remain in dark, quiet sensory deprivation (SD) for seven days. Twenty Ss lived individually in a live-in-the-lab control condition (C) affording much recreational activity. Nineteen SDs but only one C requested early release. SDs out-performed Cs on a time-shared perceptual-motor task which involved tracking, turning off location-coded tones, and turning off a noise. These data are further evidence that performance enhancement sometimes occurs during SD.
Role of protein kinase C-α in hypertonicity-stimulated urea permeability in mouse inner medullary collecting ducts

The kidney's ability to concentrate urine is vitally important to our quality of life. In the hypertonic environment of the kidney, urea transporters must be regulated to optimize function. We prev...
The glucose signal and metabolic p[H+]lux.

Eukaryotes harbour multiple signalling pathways to detect and respond to changes in glucose availability. Some of these pathways use plasma membrane receptors that sense extracellular glucose. Others are responsive to glycolytic flux and are activated by an elusive internal glucose signal. Many have proposed that a glycolytic intermediate serves dual functions as a metabolite and as a glucose signal. This issue of The EMBO Journal presents a study from [Dechant et al (2010)][1], which proposes that the glucose signal is elevated intracellular pH. An important player in the pH signalling pathway is the vacuolar ATPase, which reversibly assembles in response to elevated pH and activates the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. This model is attractive in its simplicity. Could the elusive glucose signal be as simple as the concentration of protons? [1]: #ref-1
Social constraints in the political arena: A theoretical inquiry into their form and manner

In the past three different paradigms or, more loosely, frames of reference, have been used by students of politics to interpret various dimensions of mass political participation. Each of these, which are referred to as the political socialization, the group interests and beliefs, and the political party/organization paradigms, has received empirical support for its scheme of interpretation; yet recent political events also suggest that these frames of reference may be inadequate, and may need to be complemented, if not replaced, by other schemes. The present paper outlines one such scheme, drawing upon recent writings on social networks and social influences on political participation. It relies on the metaphor of a political arena, and proposes two simple propositions to account both for conventional and unconventional participation in this arena.
Mobile phase versus stationary phase approaches to the direct injection of biological fluids in liquid chromatography

The liquid chromatographic analysis of drugs in urine through direct injection without any sample pretreatment was extended to micellar chromatography with nonionic surfactants, the Pinkerton™ ISRP column and the shelded hydrophobic phase (Hisep™) column. The feasibility of using each was demonstrated through the determination of the diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide, in urine. Good separation, recovery, precision and linearity, and adequate limits of detection were obtained for this analysis with all three techniques. The advantages and limitations of the mobile phase approach of micellar chromatography and the two stationary phase approaches are discussed for the direct injection of urine as well as other biological fluids.
Effect of a clinical stroke on the risk of dementia in a prospective cohort.

Objective: To examine the risk and determinants of dementia following a clinically overt stroke in a prospectively followed cohort of elderly subjects. Methods: We examined the effect of a clinically detectable stroke on the risk of dementia using prospective data from 335 subjects in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, all of whom were cognitively and neurologically normal at entry into the study (mean age at entry 75.1 ± 4.2 years). Results: Clinically overt strokes are common in our cohort (cumulative risk by age 90, 15.4%; 95% CI: 10 to 22%) and confer an increased risk of dementia compared to subjects without stroke (odds ratio [OR] 5.55; 95% CI: 2.76 to 11.4). The majority of patients who became demented after a stroke had evidence of mild cognitive impairment preceding the stroke (14 of 19). Moreover, a clinically symptomatic stroke was a major risk factor for the conversion of mild cognitive impairment to dementia (OR 12.4; 95% CI: 1.5 to 99). When cognitive impairment did not precede the stroke, there was no increase in the risk of subsequent dementia. Pathologic data indicate that both vascular and Alzheimer pathology leads to the prestroke impairment. Conclusion: Dementia after stroke may be determined by cognitive impairments that exist prior to the stroke.
Ketone, aldehyde and aldimine complexes of cyclopentadienylruthenium organometallic Lewis acids

Abstract The interaction of aldehydes, ketones, and amines with the organometallic Lewis acids [CpRuL 1 L 2 ] + , where L 1 = CO or PPh 3 and L 2 = PPh 3 , have been investigated, A series of Lewis acid-base adducts has been synthesized and characterized. Stable [CpRuL 1 L 2 (η 1 -HNCHPh)] + complexes were isolated in high yields as the SbF 6 − or PF 6 − salts. X-Ray crystallographic analysis confirmed the η 1 -binding mode of the imine in [CpRu(PPh 3 ) 2 (HNCHPh)]PF 6 and the aldehyde carbonyl in [CpRu(PPh 3 )(CO)(cinnamaldehyde)]PF 6 . The effects of conformational isomerism in these systems have been investigated.
Terrain Navigation Concepts for Autonomous Vehicles

There is rising interest in autonomous systems for future military environments. Systems that can take mission directives and then plan and conduct the desired mission will deeply involve aspects of machine intelligence for terrain navigation. Can we build such a system? The answer is "Yes, but definitely not today." Explanation of this answer requires reasons why today's technologies will not support autonomous vehicles and rationale for expecting these capabilities in the future. These reasons and rationale are presented by first defining functional requirements for an autonomous vehicle and its subsystems. Then the functional requirements are linked to technologies. The state of todays technologies and those expected in the future are outlined. Planned Army and DARPA programs in semi-autonomous and autonomous vehicles are described and shown to be the basis for future optimism for autonomous vehicles in the Army. Particular emphasis is given to terrain navigation concepts that will be generic for any type of autonomous ground vehicle.
Temporal trends in geographic disparities in small-area-level colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in the United States.

Objective We examined the extent of changes in absolute and relative geographic disparities in six colorectal cancer (CRC) indicators using data about persons aged 50 and older from 195 counties in the 1988–2006 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program database.
Application of an invariant spectral form to the visual pigments of crustaceans: Implications regarding the binding of the chromophore

Abstract Visual pigment absorption spectra were measured in single photoreceptors of a stomatopod, a crayfish, a hermit crab, and five species of brachyuran crab. All fitted a Mansfield (1985) invariant form for visual pigment, the form also fitted by vertebrate retinal-based visual pigments. This is consistent with a theoretical model based on the structure of visual pigment molecules (Greenberg et al ., 1975; Honig et al .,1976) which predicts that spectral bandwidth decreases as λ max increases. The conformation to the invariant form implies that for any given chromophore bandwidth times λ max is a constant.
The Albrecht Nursing Model for Home Health Care: Implications for Research, Practice, and Education

Home health care has become increasingly popular with consumers. Despite this movement of care away from the hospital, the literature does not contain a comprehensive nursing model of home health care. The need for a model to guide nursing research and ultimately, nursing practice and education is apparent. Four health service delivery models are available to be applied to home health care nursing; however, analysis of all four demonstrates a need for one specific to home care nursing.
Data compression using hierarchical dictionaries

Abstract This paper describes a new data compression/expansion algorithm which overcomes some of the shortcomings of the best algorithms known. The algorithm uses multiple (two will be used as an example) dictionaries for storing previously encountered strings of the data file to be compressed. The first dictionary is a short one; it has 128 entries and needs seven bits as its address. The second dictionary is a long one; it has 32,768 entries and requires 15 bits as its address. Each of these two dictionaries is initialized with frequently occurring strings. An input data file is compared with the dictionaries so that the longest substring which can be found in a dictionary will give its position in the dictionary as an output code. Compression and expansion use the same procedure to form and update dictionaries. A compressed result consists of a series of pointers to the dictionaries with a byte as a pointer to the short dictionary and two bytes as a pointer to the long dictionary. During compression/expansion, the more frequently occurring strings will be dynamically swapped into the short dictionary. The two dictionaries are used as scratch pads during the time of program execution and need not be stored/transmitted otherwise.
A REJECTION OF THE ZIPE MODEL (RANK SIZE RULE) IN RELATION TO CITY SIZE

(1966). A REJECTION OF THE ZIPE MODEL (RANK SIZE RULE) IN RELATION TO CITY SIZE. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 75-82.
Complex epilepsy phenotype extraction from narrative clinical discharge summaries

Display Omitted An effective pipeline for extracting complex epilepsy phenotypes is developed.MetaMap is successfully adapted to detect anatomic locations related to epilepsy.Epilepsy named entity is extracted with the use of regular expressions.Regular expressions are automatically generated based on a domain ontology.An ontology-driven interface is used for querying complex epilepsy phenotypes. Epilepsy is a common serious neurological disorder with a complex set of possible phenotypes ranging from pathologic abnormalities to variations in electroencephalogram. This paper presents a system called Phenotype Exaction in Epilepsy (PEEP) for extracting complex epilepsy phenotypes and their correlated anatomical locations from clinical discharge summaries, a primary data source for this purpose. PEEP generates candidate phenotype and anatomical location pairs by embedding a named entity recognition method, based on the Epilepsy and Seizure Ontology, into the National Library of Medicine's MetaMap program. Such candidate pairs are further processed using a correlation algorithm. The derived phenotypes and correlated locations have been used for cohort identification with an integrated ontology-driven visual query interface. To evaluate the performance of PEEP, 400 de-identified discharge summaries were used for development and an additional 262 were used as test data. PEEP achieved a micro-averaged precision of 0.924, recall of 0.931, and F 1 -measure of 0.927 for extracting epilepsy phenotypes. The performance on the extraction of correlated phenotypes and anatomical locations shows a micro-averaged F 1 -measure of 0.856 (Precision: 0.852, Recall: 0.859). The evaluation demonstrates that PEEP is an effective approach to extracting complex epilepsy phenotypes for cohort identification.
Self-directed desensitization for acrophobia

Abstract Acrophobic outpatients received therapist- or self-directed (tape-recorded) desensitization in a study of (a) treatment effectiveness with diminished therapist contact ; (b) subject characteristics ‘predicting’ outcome; and (c) generalization of change. At Post-test, treated Ss (N=16) had improved significantly more than Waiting List Ss (N=13) on self-report measures of acrophobia and general anxiety, while the treatment methods were equally effective. An 8-month follow-up found that self-directed Ss had attempted more specific behavioral situations than therapist-directed Ss, and showed additional gains on self-report measures while therapist-directed Ss maintained post-test levels. Results suggested: (a) desensitization provides effective treatment even with reduced therapist contact; (b) some subject characteristics relate to outcome and (c) treatment effects generalize to other anxiety indices.
A comparison of methods for the accurate measurement of epiphytic carbonate

The accurate measurement of epiphytic carbonate is vital in the construction of carbonate budgets. Prior studies have produced estimates of epiphytic carbonate production, but the results of these investigations are not directly comparable due to the variety of methods employed by the investigators. This investigation field-tested four methods of measuring epiphytic carbonate. These four methods were the gravimetric leaf acidification technique, the EDTA titration of epiphytized leaves, the EDTA titration with seagrass blanks, and the scrape and titrate method. The leaf acidification method and the EDTA titrimetric method without seagrass blanks resulted in significantly larger estimates of epiphytic carbonate than those produced using the other two methods. It is believed that the leaf acidification technique and the EDTA titration of epiphytized leaves results in overestimates of epiphytic carbonate due to the leaching of organic matter during acidification. The scrape and titrate method, involving the separation of epiphyte material from the seagrass leaves, is believed to most accurately measure epiphytic carbonate.
Impact of dissolved silica on arsenite removal by nano-particulate FeS and FeS-coated sand

This work evaluated the inhibitory effect of dissolved silica on arsenite adsorption to nanoparticulate FeS (NP-FeS) or mackinawite and FeS-coated sand (CS-FeS) sorbents. Arsenite retention by the NP-FeS solid was not affected by dissolved silicate over a wide range in pH, in contrast to the known inhibitory effect of dissolved silica on As(III) uptake by Fe-(hydr)oxide systems. However, some inhibition was observed in CS-FeS system at pH 9. This latter result is attributed to the co-existence of both FeS and small amounts of Fe-(hydr)oxide phases on the sand surface. Given the ubiquitous presence of dissolved Si in groundwater, FeS-based sorbents may have an advantage for As retention compared to those based on Fe-(hydr)oxides in reducing subsurface environments.
The Diffusion of Flexible Manufacturing Systems in Japan, Europe and the United States

This paper is concerned with the rate of diffusion of flexible manufacturing systems, one of the most important industrial applications of information technology. Using data from about 175 firms, I analyze diffusion rates in Japan, Western Europe and the United States, a major purpose being to determine whether, as is often claimed, U.S. firms have been relatively slow to introduce this innovation, and if so, why.
From Minecraft to Minds

The subject of the computability of the mind introduces complex philosophical, ethical, and technical issues. That aside, this topic draws us in to the nature of algorithms. We are surrounded by algorithms; much of the history of computing is also the history of the advance of algorithms. For the public, algorithms are part of computing's self-made mystery, but to understand their nature is an important part of computational thinking. The Web extra at http://youtu.be/Lm5IRxWk4AQ is an audio podcast of author Grady Booch reading his On Computing column, in which he introduces the complex philosophical, ethical, and technical issues associated with the idea that the mind can be understood as a computer.
Creating tangible interfaces by augmenting physical objects with multimodal language

Rasa is a tangible augmented reality environment that digitally enhances the existing paper-based command and control capability in a military command post. By observing and understanding the users' speech, pen, and touch-based multimodal language, Rasa computationally augments the physical objects on a command post map, linking these items to digital representations of the same-for example, linking a paper map to the world and Post-itâ notes to military units. Herein, we give a thorough account of Rasa's underlying multiagent framework, and its recognition, understanding, and multimodal integration components. Moreover, we examine five properties of language-generativity, comprehensibility, compositionality, referentiality, and, at times, persistence-that render it suitable as an augmentation approach, contrasting these properties to those of other augmentation methods. It is these properties of language that allow users of Rasa to augment physical objects, transforming them into tangible interfaces.
Computer-aided fractal analysis of rubber wear surfaces

Abstract Computer-aided fractal analysis of profilometer traces of worn rubber surfaces is efficient and provides a quantitative description of the worn surface. If the wear mechanism is the same at different frictional work inputs and velocities, then D (the fractal dimension) is constant, but K (the fractal scale factor) depends on the frictional work input and velocity. Thus, fractal analysis of worn rubber surfaces provides a basis for relating wear conditions, topography, and mechanism.
Stock-based incentive compensation and investment behavior

Abstract This paper examines how excessive concern over current stock price can motivate managers to use observable investment decisions to manipulate the market's inferences about the firm. The result can be overinvestment or underinvestment. Shareholders can induce optimal investment choices by structuring managerial compensation to balance both future and present stock-price performance. Our analysis suggests that firms with high/persistent informational asymmetries between managers and shareholders will tend to favor contracts that focus on long-run stock returns (both current and future) over contracts that focus on near-term stock returns alone. Our empirical results, as well as other results in the literature, are generally consistent with this hypothesis.
A numerical model of a thermal boundary layer

Abstract A grid-free method for approximating incompressible thermal boundary layers is introduced. The computational elements are segments of vortex sheets which are heated. The method solves the general Prandtl boundary layer equations. The method is applied to the parallel flow past a heated horizontal flat plate and a flow created entirely by buoyancy forces (free-convection flow) on a heated vertical flat plate.
Greenhouse and field evaluation of six novel insecticides against the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum on strawberries

Abstract The efficacy of six novel insecticides against the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), on strawberries was evaluated in greenhouse and field experiments. Soil applied imidacloprid at 10, 20 and 40 mg per plant caused adult mortalities of 82%, 93% and 96%, respectively, at 48 h post-treatment in the greenhouse. A significant residual activity resulted in 84–87% mortality after 40 days and 58–78% mortality after 60 days. Topical applications of pyriproxyfen at rates of 16–65 μg AI/ml completely inhibited egg hatch, whereas lower rates of 0.05–0.20 μg AI/ml resulted in 38–70% egg hatch. However, most nymphs that hatched failed to develop into adults. Using 0.5, 1.0 and 2× their greatest label concentration applications of buprofezin and pyridaben caused 100% mortality of nymphs whereas pymetrozine caused only 70%, 74% and 78%, mortality respectively. Thiamethoxam at 0.5 and 1.0× its greatest label concentration killed 67% and 90% of nymphs, respectively. In field experiments, imidacloprid applications decreased adult densities by 31–61% from 21 to 42 days post treatment compared with controls, and suppressed densities of third and fourth instars by 34–68% after 42 days of treatment. Pyriproxyfen and buprofezin did not significantly affect adult densities on most sampling dates. An application of buprofezin followed by an application of pyriproxifen decreased nymphal densities by 98% on the sampling dates of 4 and 11 May and maintained 61–85% control after the sampling on 1 June. Applications of pyriproxyfen followed by buprofezin had no effect on the nymphal densities on 4 and 11 May but densities had fallen by 78–90% from early to late June. Applications of pyridaben and pymetrozine had no effect on adult densities on any sampling dates. However, pyridaben suppressed densities of third and fourth instars by 39–44% on 4 and 11 May sampling dates, and by 47–73% in late June. Pymetrozine had no effect on the densities of nymphs. Applications of thiamethoxam had no effect on adult densities on most sampling dates and did not significantly change the immature densities compared to the control. The potential roles of these insecticides in integrated greenhouse whitefly management programs are discussed.
Competition and Racial Discrimination: The Employment Effects of Reagan's Labor Market Policies

Black-white inequality in employment has been increasing since 1982 despite rapid economic growth. This phenomenon is explained in terms of the interaction between discrimination, labor market stru...