cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developmental Trajectories of Adolescent Girls' Borderline Personality Symptoms and Sexual Risk Behaviors.

Adolescence is a developmental period during which youth tend to initiate sexual behavior, which may include sexual risk behavior. Symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) are associated with increased rates of risky behaviors. However, little is known about longitudinal associations between BPD symptoms and sexual risk behaviors during adolescence. This study examines developmental trajectories of adolescent girls’ BPD symptoms and sexual risk behaviors in a community sample of Black and White girls from the Pittsburgh Girls Study (n = 1620). Dual trajectory modeling provided insights into the temporal precedence and co-development of BPD symptoms and sexual risk behaviors from ages 14 to 18. In order to examine the unique association between BPD symptoms and sexual risk behaviors, analyses controlled for symptoms of depression and conduct disorder, as well as race, sexual orientation, and pubertal development. Girls with more BPD symptoms at age 14 showed steeper growth over time in sexual risk behaviors from ages 14 to 18. Additionally, adolescents who showed steeper increases in BPD symptoms over time also showed steeper increases in sexual risk behaviors across adolescence. Notably, however, sexual risk behavior at age 14 was not significantly associated with longitudinal trajectories of BPD symptoms. Results suggest that adolescent girls with early symptoms of BPD are at heightened risk for the development of sexual risk behaviors during adolescence, while the reverse association does not hold. Implications for adolescent development and sexual risk behavior are discussed.
Apparent Spectral Shift of Thermally Generated Surface Phonon-Polariton Resonance Mediated by a Nonresonant Film

Near-field radiative heat transfer between dissimilar materials is important in thermal management and energy-harvesting, but an in-depth physical analysis is needed. Using fluctuational electrodynamics, this study shows that the spectral redshift or blueshift of thermally generated surface phonon-polaritons (SPhPs) can be mediated by a nonresonant layer. The apparent shift is due to multiple reflections within the subwavelength gap separating resonant and nonresonant layers, which generate gap modes and decrease thermal emission around the SPhP resonance---valuable insight for applications based on near-field thermal radiation, such as thermophotovoltaics and thermal rectification.
Do the types and routes of proton pump inhibitor treatments affect clostridium difficile in ICU patients? A retrospective cohort study

Background: : Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are associated with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Impact of the route of administration is unknown.Research Design and Methods: Patients in Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care II database (MIMIC-II) from 2001 to 2008, >18 years old, admitted to medical, surgical, or cardiac ICUs were included. PPI exposures were omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, and pantoprazole. PPI administration routes were oral or intravenous. Patients who received histamine receptor antagonists (H2RA) were the control arm. CDI was identified using ICD-9 diagnostic code 008.45. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (OR).Results: The study included 16,820 patients (57% male) with a mean age of 63 (SD±17) years and hospitalization duration of 10.2 days (SD±11). Pantoprazole was the most common PPI (94%). CDI occurred in 2.4% and more in patients receiving PPIs than H2RAs (3.0% vs. 0.8%, p < 0.001). CDI prevalence increased with intravenous (95%CI = 1.69-3.39, OR 2.4) and oral (95%CI = 1.59-3.27, OR 2.3) PPI use compared to H2RAs. CDI prevalence was not associated with PPI route in the multivariable model (OR 1.07, 95%CI 0.86-1.34).Conclusions: Both intravenous and oral PPI use in the ICU were independently associated with CDI.
Functionalization of RhIII–Me Bonds: Use of “Capping Arene” Ligands to Facilitate Me–X Reductive Elimination

We show how to improve the yield of MeX from CH4 activation catalysts from 12% to 90% through the use of “capping arene” ligands. Four (FP)RhIII(Me)(TFA)2 {FP = “capping arene” ligands, including 8...
A Review of the Progress of Thin-Film Transistors and Their Technologies for Flexible Electronics

Flexible electronics enable various technologies to be integrated into daily life and fuel the quests to develop revolutionary applications, such as artificial skins, intelligent textiles, e-skin patches, and on-skin displays. Mechanical characteristics, including the total thickness and the bending radius, are of paramount importance for physically flexible electronics. However, the limitation regarding semiconductor fabrication challenges the mechanical flexibility of thin-film electronics. Thin-Film Transistors (TFTs) are a key component in thin-film electronics that restrict the flexibility of thin-film systems. Here, we provide a brief overview of the trends of the last three decades in the physical flexibility of various semiconducting technologies, including amorphous-silicon, polycrystalline silicon, oxides, carbon nanotubes, and organics. The study demonstrates the trends of the mechanical properties, including the total thickness and the bending radius, and provides a vision for the future of flexible TFTs.
Use of reproductive ultrasound for goat herd management

Routine reproductive ultrasound examinations in dairy and meat goat herds provide the veterinarian with the ability to view the entire female herd on a routine basis, establish a valid veterinary-client-patient relationship, measure reproductive performance, and plan strategies for the breeding, dry period, transitional period, and kidding management. Diagnosis ofpregnancy, early detection and treatment of hydrometra or other pathologic conditions, fetal enumeration, gestational staging, fetal well-being, and fetal death can all be used to make management decisions and evaluate herd performance.
Daily Return Volatility, Bid‐Ask Spreads, and Information Flow: Analyzing the Information Content of Volume*

This paper examines the relationship among daily information flow, return volatility, and bid‐ask spreads based on the framework of the mixture of distribution hypothesis (MDH). The MDH model is modified to permit separate effects of informed and liquidity trading volume on return volatility. The results show that the positive relationship between volatility and volume is primarily driven by the informed component of trading. When we control for the information flow, volatility is negatively related to trading volume. Furthermore, bid‐ask spreads are positively related to the intensity of information flow.
Extension and Statistical Analysis of the GACP Aerosol Optical Thickness Record.

The primary product of the Global Aerosol Climatology Project (GACP) is a continuous record of the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) over the oceans. It is based on channel-1 and -2 radiance data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) instruments flown on successive National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) platforms. We extend the previous GACP dataset by four years through the end of 2009 using NOAA-17 and -18 AVHRR radiances recalibrated against MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) radiance data, thereby making the GACP record almost three decades long. The temporal overlap of over three years of the new NOAA-17 and the previous NOAA-16 record reveals an excellent agreement of the corresponding global monthly mean AOT values, thereby confirming the robustness of the vicarious radiance calibration used in the original GACP product. The temporal overlap of the NOAA-17 and -18 instruments is used to introduce a small additive adjustment to the channel-2 calibration of the latter resulting in a consistent record with increased data density. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the newly extended GACP record shows that most of the volcanic AOT variability can be isolated into one mode responsible for ~12% of the total variance. This conclusion is confirmed by a combined PCA analysis of the GACP, MODIS, andMulti-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) AOTs during the volcano-free period fromFebruary 2000 to December 2009.We show that the modes responsible for the tropospheric AOT variability in the three datasets agree well in terms of correlation and spatial patterns. A previously identified negative AOT trend which started in the late 1980s and continued into the early 2000s is confirmed. Its magnitude and duration indicate that it was caused by changes in tropospheric aerosols. The latest multi-satellite segment of the GACP record shows that this trend tapered off, with no noticeable AOT change after 2002. This result is consistent with the MODIS andMISR AOT records as well as with the recent gradual reversal frombrightening to dimming revealed by surface flux measurements in many aerosol producing regions. Thus the robustness of the GACP record is confirmed, increasing our confidence in the validity of the negative trend. Although the nominal negative GACP AOT trend could partially be an artifact of increasing aerosol absorption, we argue that the time dependence of the GACP record, including the latest flat period, is more consistent with the actual decrease in the tropospheric AOT.
Naming in Arabic

root generated root < f-1 q-t-1 (to act) (to kill) In generating the exaggerated or "superlative" adjectives in the names of God, Arabic has used five rules of derivation. The reader should note the vowel patterns in these derivations: a) from fa<r1 as in al-~az1z (the mighty), and al-Kar1m (the generous), b) from fa<ul (as in al-Sabur (the patient), and al-Ghafur (the forgiver) , c) from fa< al as in al-Qahhar (the dominant), and al-Jabbar (the repairer) , d) from fa<lan as in Ra9IDan (the merciful). e) from fa<"il as in az-Zahir (the evident), and al-Bat-in (the hidden) . In these derived names one can observe the derivational specification of the concept of action conveyed by the triconsonantal root. There appears a sense of verb process -------------------------------------------
Quantum Dot Gate NMOS Inverter

Chapter 5 introduces the NMOS inverter circuit based on QDGFETs. The three-state behavior of QDGFET also generates three states in the NMOS inverter based on this FET. The three-state nature of QDGFET-based NMOS inverter will help to implement multivalued logic in future. This chapter discusses the detailed fabrication methods of NMOS inverter.
Recent advances in the preparation of mammalian ribosomes and analysis of their protein composition.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews some of the recent technical advances in the preparations, manipulation, and characterization of mammalian ribosomes at a time when such investigations are just entering a period of expansion comparable to that undergone with bacterial ribosomes during the past ten years. Cytoplasmic ribosomes of mammalian cells are present in two morphologically distinct states; free in the cytoplasm and attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Both free and bound forms can exist as native subunits, monosomes, or polysomes. Typical procedures for the preparation of ribosomes with an extensive ER (liver), and from cells containing little or no ER (reticulocytes) are outlined. In addition, the preparation of purified membrane-bound ribosomes is described. The general method for preserving ribosomes active in protein synthesis is by rapid freezing and storage at -70°C or under liquid nitrogen. Recently it has been demonstrated that lyophilization is an efficient method for preserving ribosomes function in poly(U) directed polyphenylalanine synthesis. Lyophilized ribosomes from rabbit reticulocytes have protein synthesizing activities equal to or greater than fresh preparations (95- 135%), while aliquots of the fresh ribosomes stored at –70°C for one week were less active (60-85%). The sucrose gradient absorbance profiles of the lyophilized polysomes are the same after freezing as before. Isolated purified subunits can also be lyophilized without loss of activity.
Development of flavor, odor, and pungency in onion and garlic.

Publisher Summary This chapter introduces us to the development of flavor, odor, and pungency in onion and garlic, which is used as vegetables and spices and home remedies in treatment of illnesses. The chapter briefly describes the sulfur compounds of intact alliurn and biosynthesis of sulfur compounds of AIliurns—such as— alkylcysteines and akylcysteine sulfoxides, which are garlic flavor and odor precursors, y–glutamyl peptides are onion flavor and odor precursors and cysteine, alkylcysteines and alkylcysteine sulfoxides y–glutamyl peptides. The chapter describes the methods of measuring Alliurn pungency, flavor, and aroma. A quantitative method is used to measure pungency and the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) method is used to estimate the aroma and flavor. Enzymes in flavor, aroma and pungency development in allium are alliinase and y–glutamyl peptidase and y–glutamyl transpeptidase. The chapter concludes by indicating the need of proper research and various experimental methods to be introduced to maximize the flavor and odor of onion and garlic.
Thermodynamics of ordering alloys—III: Energies of transformation of the Au12Cu12 phases☆

Abstract Energy differences among the two superlattice and the disordered solid solution at the composition Au 1 2 Cu 1 2 have been derived from calorimetric measurements of the heats of formation of the three phases. It is shown that neither of these transitions is understood in terms of quasi-chemical theory.
Teacher Isolation: How Mentoring Programs Can Help

Teacher attrition has become a very serious problem in the United States in recent years. Studies have shown that many talented, new teachers are leaving the profession early in their careers due to feelings of isolation. In response to the alarming turnover rate, school districts have adopted mentoring programs which have been successful at making beginning teachers feel less isolated. This article examines four such mentoring programs and their potential to reduce teacher isolation.
Evidence that Bacillus subtilis Bacteriophage SPO2 is Temperate and Heteroimmune to Bacteriophage φ105

Some characteristics of Bacillus subtilis phage SPO2 which show that it is a temperate phage are presented. Wild-type SPO2 forms turbid plaques, similar to those of other temperate phages. SPO2 lysogenic strains which are resistant to SPO2 can be isolated; these strains remain stable lysogens despite the fact that they can no longer adsorb SPO2. SPO2 lysogenic strains can be grown for many generations in SPO2 antiserum and remain lysogenic. Phage SPO2 plates on phi105 lysogens and phage phi105 plates on SPO2 lysogens; this indicates that SPO2 and phi105 are heteroimmune. Phage phi105 plates on an SPO2-resistant strain; this indicates that SPO2 and phi105 adsorb to different receptor sites on the bacterial surface.
Relativistic electron beam propagation in high pressure gaseous media

Intense relativistic electron beam (IREB) propagation is intrinsically unstable in high pressure gaseous media. The dominant instability is the resistive hose. The growth rate of the hose is reduced by beam conditioning which incorporates beam emittance tailoring and current centroid sweep damping. In the experiments reported in this work we conditioned the SuperIBEX IREB using combinations of an argon filled IFR and an air filled or evacuated active B θ cell. The IFR cell provides the required radius tailoring which is converted to emittance tailoring using a titanium exit foil or by injection into the active B θ cell. The B0 cell damps the beam centroid sweep due to the enharmonic restoring force applied by the wire's magnetic field on a sweeping IREB. These conditioning cells successfully stabilized the beam for approximately 20 betatron wavelengths (λβ) and propagation lengths exceeding 5 m. The objective of the experiments reported here is to show die effect on propagation of using the conditioning cells to vary die beam parameters including beam emittance, beam current, radius tailoring, and sweep reduction.
A SYSTEMS ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT APPROACH FOR COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES

In the commercial market sector, (non-DoD) systems engineering is usually not required by customers. The decision to use it has to be based on what's good for business. However, very little information is available on how to develop a strategy for employing systems engineering in the commercial market sector. This paper proposes a strategy based on a hierarchy of systems engineering processes, with the systems approach at the top of the hierarchy. The systems approach identifies; (1) the basic systems engineering activities and their purpose, (2) a standard system life cycle model that integrates the basic systems engineering activities over time, and (3) guidelines on tailoring the systems approach into a systems engineering process that will work for any industry and product unique considerations.
Closed-loop input impedance of a voltage-mode-controlled PWM boost DC-DC converter for CCM

Expressions are derived for the small-signal closed-loop input impedance of the PWM boost DC-DC power converter using an existing small-signal model for continuous conduction mode (CCM). All parasitic components are included in the model. The plots of the closed-loop input impedance including the real and the imaginary components are shown versus frequency for three values of duty cycle.
Block-update parallel processing QRD-RLS algorithm for throughput improvement with low power consumption

In this paper, a block-update parallel processing algorithm is proposed for increasing the throughput of the CORDIC-based QRD-RLS filtering with low power consumption. The proposed algorithm employs single-state-update parallel processing, and with this algorithm, the throughput of a block-by-block weight-update QRD-RLS filter can be increased at the cost of linear increase in hardware resource. However, the proposed algorithm does not change the iteration bounds and clock frequency of the QRD-RLS filters. As a result, the functional units need not be pipelined and the power consumption only increases linearly instead of quadratically. Due to non-pipelining and less power consumption, a higher folding factor can be used for a folding transformation and a great reduction in hardware resource can be achieved without exceeding the physical limitation on pipelining level and power density. Therefore, the proposed algorithm can serve as an important stage in designing and mapping a QRD-RLS filter onto physical hardware or computing resources, and thus is better for both ASIC chip design and parallel computing when block-by-block weight-update is applicable.
Uneven Playing Field? Assessing the Teacher Quality Gap Between Advantaged and Disadvantaged Students

Policymakers aiming to close the well-documented achievement gap between advantaged and disadvantaged students have increasingly turned their attention to issues of teacher quality. A number of studies have demonstrated that teachers are inequitably distributed across student subgroups by input measures, like experience and qualifications, as well as output measures, like value-added estimates of teacher performance, but these tend to focus on either individual measures of teacher quality or particular school districts. In this study, we present a comprehensive, descriptive analysis of the inequitable distribution of both input and output measures of teacher quality across various indicators of student disadvantage across all school districts in Washington State. We demonstrate that in elementary school, middle school, and high school classrooms, virtually every measure of teacher quality we examine—experience, licensure exam scores, and value added—is inequitably distributed across every indicator of stu...
A comparison of inexpensive statistical packages for apple II microcomputers

The purpose of this paper is to describe and compare some inexpensive software packages that calculate a variety of statistics on the Apple II microcomputer. For each package, hardware requirements, program capacity, limitations, constraints, accuracy, editing, error handling, and other features were studied.
Transient Left Ventricular Apical Ballooning

A 69-year-old woman presented with acute onset of chest pain and diffuse ST-segment elevation suggesting ischemia (Figure 1). The creatine phosphokinase–MB was elevated, and in view of ongoing chest discomfort, she was referred for urgent cardiac catheterization. Figure 1. Twelve-lead ECG showing normal sinus …
Matrix metalloproteinase 7 controls pancreatic acinar cell transdifferentiation by activating the Notch signaling pathway

Acinar-to-ductal metaplasia in the pancreas is associated with an increased risk for tumorigenesis. Molecular dissection of this process in vitro has shown that primary acinar cells, in response to EGF receptor ligands, can transdifferentiate into duct-like epithelia, passing through a nestin-positive intermediate, in a Notch pathway-dependent manner. Here, we show that in vitro acinar transdifferentiation depends on matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7), a proteinase expressed in most metaplastic epithelia in vivo. MMP-7 was found to be required for Notch activation, which leads to dedifferentiation of acinar cells to the nestin-positive transitional cell. Besides being necessary for acinar transdifferentiation, it was found that MMP-7 activity was sufficient to induce the process, indicating that molecular signals capable of initiating MMP-7 expression also have the potential to induce formation of metaplastic epithelia in the pancreas.
On the specific molecular configuration of neurotoxic aliphatic hexacarbon compounds causing central-peripheral distal axonopathy☆

A total of 56 young rats were fed 10 different hydrocarbon derivatives to determine the molecular configuration required for the production of nervous system disease of the type characterized by giant axonal degeneration in the distal regions of long and large, central and peripheral nerve fibers (central-peripheral distal axonopathy). For periods up to 14 weeks, animals drank ad libitum aqueous solutions containing 0.5% 2-heptanone, 0.5% 3,5-heptanedione, 0.5% 2,5-hexanedione, 0.5% 2,5-hexanediol, 0.5% 2,4-hexanedione, 0.5% 2,3-hexanedione, 0.5% 1,6-hexanediol, 0.5% 1,4-butanediol, 0.05, 0.1, or 0.25% glutaraldehyde, and 0.5 or 1% acetone. Animals treated with 2,5-hexanedione or 2,5-hexanediol failed to gain weight normally and slowly developed hindlimb weakness typical of a symmetrical peripheral neuropathy. Pathological examination of these animals revealed giant axonal swelling and secondary myelin changes in the distal regions of (1) the spino-cerebellar tracts in the cerebellar vermis and medulla oblongata, (2) the dorsal columns of the cervical, thoracic, and upper lumbar spinal cord, and (3) the sciatic, tibial, and plantar nerves. These characteristic clinical and pathological features of central-peripheral distal axonopathy failed to develop in the other groups of rats.
Evaluation of Corn Fermentation Solubles, Menhaden Fish Meal, Methionine, and Hydrolyzed Feather Meal in Diets of Young Turkeys

Abstract Three replicate experiments each containing 24 diets in a 3 × 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design of four variables were conducted. Each diet was fed to nine male and nine female Large White turkeys from one day to seven weeks of age. Body weights were increased 6.6 and 8.4% from adding 2.5 and 5.0% corn fermentation solubles to the diets, respectively. In the presence of 0, 2.5, and 5.0% corn fermentation solubles, 2.5% menhaden fish meal increased body weights 17.2, 10.1, and 5.7%, respectively. These data indicate that a common unidentified growth factor is about three times more concentrated in menhaden fish meal than in corn fermentation solubles. From adding .05% DL-methionine to diets containing 0 and 2.5% menhaden fish meal, body weights were increased 5.7 and 2.9%, respectively. In contrast, body weights were increased 12.3 and 9.3% from adding 2.5% menhaden fish meal to diets containing 0 and .05% added DL-methionine, respectively. The addition of 2.5% menhaden fish meal supplied .02% more methionine and .01% less cystine to the diet by calculation. Therefore, fish meal increased body weights more than what could be accounted for by the methionine content of menhaden fish meal indicating that methionine is not the unidentified growth factor in menhaden fish meal. Body weights were decreased 1.7%, an amount approaching significance, from adding 5% hydrolyzed feather meal to the diets. The diets containing 5% hydrolyzed feather meal contained .01% less methionine and .11% more cystine than diets without hydrolyzed feather meal by calculation. The .05% added methionine increased body weights 3.0 and 5.5% when diets contained 0 and 5% hydrolyzed feather meal, respectively. Therefore, hydrolyzed feather meal as a source of cystine to substitute for methionine was not effective in increasing body weights.
Ultrastructure and morphogenesis of the marine epibenthic ciliate Epiclintes ambiguus (Epiclintidae, n. fam.; Ciliophora)

Summary Epiclintes ambiguus, a highly contractile marine ciliate, has ventral cirri in oblique and marginal rows, and three rows of dorsal cilia, thus is at the hypotrich structural grade. We use light microscopy of living and protargol stained specimens and both scanning and transmission electron microscopy to describe cortical morphogenesis through cell division and interphase cortical structure of E. ambiguus. Cortical morphogenesis proceeds in 2 oblique developmental zones and is based on 4 kinds of primordia: oral, frontal, somatic, and a specialized ventral primordium. Thirteen to fifteen oblique rows of ventral cirri arise primarily from somatic (within-row) primordia (producing the anterior complement of cirral rows) and the ventral primordia (producing the posterior complement of cirral rows); frontal ciliature is limited to one or two short cirral rows. A longitudinal series of transverse cirri differentiate from posterior kinetosomes in (1) frontal streaks, (2) ventral (within-row) streaks, and (3) streaks that develop from ventral primordia. Stomatogenesis in the opisthe begins near the cell surface, then continues within a cortical pit which lengthens posteriorly. Stomatogenesis in the proter occurs dorsally to the parental buccal membranelles. The ultrastructural organization of membranelies and cirri of Epiclintes is consistent with the general structural pattern within the Spirotricha. Dorsal ciliary complexes are dikinetids with the anterior kinetosome ciliated, the posterior nonciliated; each dorsal cilium protrudes from a cylindrical cortical papilla. Dikinetids have postciliary, transverse, and nematodesmal microtubules as well as a kinetodesmal fiber. Nematodesmal granules (d = 55 nm) lie beside nematodesmal microtubules. A system of multilayered, membrane-like materials lie within the cortex. Stomatogenesis, deployment of somatic ciliature, and general organization of microtubular structures in Epiclintes suggest an evolutionary relationship with Kahliella and other members of the Stichotrichina. Morphogenetic and structural specializations however justify inclusion of Epiclintes in a new family, the Epiclintidae.
Maximum-likelihood analysis of multiple quantum phase measurements.

Shapiro, Shepard, and Wong [Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 2377 (1989)] suggested that a scheme of multiple phase measurements, using quantum states with minimum ``reciprocal peak likelihood,'' could achieve a phase sensitivity scaling as 1/${\mathit{N}}_{\mathrm{tot}}^{2}$, where ${\mathit{N}}_{\mathrm{tot}}$ is the mean number of photons availavle for all measurements. We have simulated their scheme for as many as 240 measurements and have found optimum phase sensitivities for 3\ensuremath{\le}${\mathit{N}}_{\mathrm{tot}}$\ensuremath{\le}120. A power-law fit to the simulated data yields a phase sensitivity that scales as 1/${\mathit{N}}_{\mathrm{tot}}^{0.85\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01}$. We conclude that reciprocal peak likelihood is not a good measure of sensitivity.
Impact of assertive and accusatory communication of distress and anger: A verbal component analysis

Forty undergraduate women were asked to imagine discussing an important problem in their relationship with a personally close partner and to rate likely emotional and behavioral reactions to four kinds of statements: 1) assertive communication of distress, 2) assertive communication of anger, 3) accusatory communication of distress, and 4) accusatory communication of anger. Accusatory “you” statements were rated as more aversive and evoked more negative emotional and behavioral response inclinations than did assertive “I” messages. Statements including “anger” words evoked more negative emotional and behavioral response inclinations than statements including “distress” words. Findings were related to research on cue-controlled aggression and the work of Staats, which predicts ways that verbal labels (language) exert control over emotions and behavior.
The use and abuse of the exodus story

The Exodus was a defining moment, perhaps the defining moment in ancient Israelite tradition. As the legend has it, the Israelites' escape from Egypt under the leadership of Moses shook off the yoke of Egyptian oppression and gave them the impetus for articulating principles and values, surmounting an arduous journey through the wilderness, and shaping their identity as a people and a culture. The day of their release from the tyranny of Pharaonic Egypt, so the Lord declared in the Book of Exodus, would thereafter be commemorated in an annual festival, among the most sacred on the calendar, the ceremony of Passover.1 The Exodus generated high drama, an unforgettable tale in the Bible, perhaps the single most familiar one to Jew and Gentile alike. As inspiration to subsequent generations of Jews and their admirers, its power is manifest. But what of the villains of the piece? They, or rather their presumed descendants, would not have found this story very entertaining. Indeed, we might imagine, they would have reason to feel maligned and defamed. The heartless Pharaohs, the hostile Egyptian populace, and the royal army as an agent of evil hardly supplied models for imitation. And the tale could bring little satisfaction to the indigenous dwellers in the land of the Nile. The spread of the story should only have aggravated matters. Jewish soldiers and Jewish settlers in Egypt occasionally appear on record in the centuries that followed the supposed time of the Exodus, most notably in the garrison at Elephantine.2 But the principal wave of Jewish reentry into Egypt appears to have come at the end of the Persian period and in the early years of the Hellenistic age.3 The Exodus story could have seeped into Egyptian consciousness in the course of this era, thus to stir reaction and response. Indeed, echoes of a very different variety of the tale emerge in the literature produced by pagan authors in Egypt. In assorted versions, Jews appear as villains rather than victims,
The Laser Gingivectomy: The Use of the CO2 Laser for the Removal of Phenytoin Hyperplasia

A new technique for the removal of phenytoin hyperplasia using the carbon dioxide (CO2) surgical laser is presented as well as a review of laser physics and the current uses of the CO2 laser in dentistry. Twelve cases of phenytoin hyperplasia removed surgically by the CO2 laser are presented; hence a laser gingivectomy. Advantages of the procedure include lack of hemorrhage yielding a dry field, noncontact surgery, sterilization of the surgical area, prompt healing, minimal post operative discomfort, and minimal time spent to perform the procedure. At the present time the use of the laser in dentistry is new and limited. In the future the laser may offer an alternative or an advancement to current procedures now used in dentistry.
Thermomechanical properties of rare-earth-doped AlN for laser gain media: The role of grain boundaries and grain size

Abstract The low thermal conductivity and poor fracture toughness of traditional laser gain media (rare-earth-doped single crystals) limits the overall power deliverable from a laser system. We present an investigation of the thermomechanical properties of a promising laser gain candidate, Tb-doped aluminum nitride (Tb:AlN). We pay special attention to the effect of the average grain size and the dopant segregation at the grain boundaries on the relevant properties: Vickers hardness, fracture toughness and thermal conductivity. We find that all properties are affected by grain boundaries and/or dopant segregation. However, the thermal conductivity is significantly more affected than the mechanical properties and therefore dominates the thermal shock figure of merit, R s . We obtained a thermal shock figure of merit in Tb:AlN more than 60 times that of the state-of-the-art laser gain material Nd:YAG.
Reproductive Biology of the Lesser Cornstalk Borer. I. Rearing Technique

A mass-rearing technique for Elasmopalpus Lignosellus (Zeller) is described. Sixty to 80 pupae are obtained per 100 eggs. Total time from egg to emerged adult is 24–28 days. The colony has been reared for 19 generations.
Hydrolysis-Resistant Organic Matter as a Reference for Measurement of Fish Digestive Efficiency

Abstract Hydrolysis-resistant organic matter (HROM; chiefly cellulose and chitin) was not assimilated by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) or by three species of tilapia (Tilapia aurea, T. mossambica, T. nilotica). Dietary ash was absorbed. For studies of digestive efficiency, HROM is a more efficient reference material than chromic oxide, and a more accurate one than ash.
In vivo assay of nitrate reductase in cotton leaf discs: effect of oxygen and ammonium.

Factors affecting nitrate reduction by leaf discs of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were investigated. When incubated in 30 mm nitrate, discs reduced nitrate much more slowly under air or O2 than under N2. Inhibition by O2 did not occur at nitrate levels of 100 mm or greater. Treatment with arsenate had little effect under N2 but stimulated nitrate reduction under air. Similarly, ammonium inhibited nitrate reduction, with the inhibition being partially relieved by arsenate. Uptake of nitrate was unaffected by ammonium. The NAD/NADH ratio increased in response to both oxygen and ammonium. The effects of these treatments on nitrate reduction can be explained by competition with nitrate for NADH generated by glycolysis.
Optical model description of momentum transfer in relativistic heavy ion collisions

An optical model description of momentum transfer in relativistic heavy ion collisions, based upon composite particle multiple-scattering theory, is presented. The imaginary component of the complex momentum transfer, which comes from the absorptive part of the optical potential, is shown to be the main contributor to the momentum loss of the projectile. Within the context of the Goldhaber formalism, predictions of fragment momentum distribution observables are made and compared with experimental data. Use of the model as a tool for estimating collision impact parameters is also discussed.
Langmuir-blodgett (LB) of transition metal complexes square planar platinum(II) complexes

Abstract The flat Pt(Thpy) 2 complex, where Thpy is 2-(2-thienyl)-2-pyridine, forms a compressible LB film on the surface of pure water when it is mixed with stearic acid. The pressure-area isotherm of a mixture of Pt(Thpy) 2 stearic acid shows two plateaus in the solid phase region that corresponds to a horizontal and a vertical orientation of the Pt(Thpy) 2 molecules in the LB film on the surface of water. The areas calculated per molecule at the two orientations are (57 ± 2)A 2 and (25 ± 1)A 2 . The Uv-vis absorption of the LB film of Pt(Thpy) 2 /stearic acid mixture indicates that the Pt complex molecules disperse homogeneously between the stearic acid molecule in the film. The emission of the multilayer LB film of Pt(Thpy) 2 /stearic acid shows a maximum at λ = 566 nm. Solution emission and lifetime decay data are also presented.
MULTI-STRANDED AND MULTI-THERMAL SOLAR CORONAL LOOPS: EVIDENCE FROM HINODE X-RAY TELESCOPE AND EUV IMAGING SPECTROMETER DATA

Data from the X-Ray Telescope (XRT) and the EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on the Japanese/USA/UK Hinode spacecraft were used to investigate the spatial and thermal properties of an isolated quiescent coronal loop. We constructed differential emission measure (DEM) curves using Monte Carlo based, iterative forward fitting algorithms. We studied the loop as a whole, in segments, in transverse cuts, and point-by-point, always with some form of background subtraction, and find that the loop DEM is neither isothermal nor extremely broad, with approximately 96% of the EM between 6.2 {<=}log T{<=} 6.7, and an EM-weighted temperature of log T = 6.48 {+-} 0.16. We find evidence for a gradual change in temperature along the loop, with log T increasing only by {approx}0.1 from the footpoints to the peak. The combine XRT-EIS data set does a good job of constraining the temperature distribution for coronal loop plasma. Our studies show that the strong constraints at high and low temperatures provided by the combined data set are crucial for obtaining reasonable solutions. These results confirm that the observations of at least some loops are not consistent with isothermal plasma, and therefore cannot be modeled with a single flux tube and must be multi-stranded.
Improved gas chromatographic method for the determination of nicotine and cotinine in biologic fluids

Improved methods have been developed for the determination of nicotine and its major metabolite, cotinine, in blood, plasma, and urine samples. These methods utilize gas chromatography with alkali flame ionization (nitrogen--phosphorus) detection and structural analogs of nicotine and cotinine as internal standards.
Using caching for browsing anonymity

Privacy-providing tools, including tools that provide anonymity, are gaining popularity in the modern world. Among the goals of their users is avoiding tracking and profiling. While some businesses are unhappy with the growth of privacy-enhancing technologies, others can use lack of information about their users to avoid unnecessary liability and even possible harassment by parties with contrary business interests, and to gain a competitive market edge.Currently, users interested in anonymous browsing have the choice only between single-hop proxies and the few more complex systems that are available. These still leave the user vulnerable to long-term intersection attacks.In this paper, we propose a caching proxy system for allowing users to retrieve data from the World-Wide Web in a way that would provide recipient unobservability by a third party and sender unobservability by the recipient and thus dispose with intersection attacks, and report on the prototype we built using Google.
Quantifying the interfractional displacement of the gastroesophageal junction during radiation therapy for esophageal cancer.

Purpose Accounting for interfractional changes in tumor location improves the accuracy of radiation treatment delivery. The purpose of this study was to quantify the interfractional displacement of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) based on standard treatment setup in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing radiation therapy. Methods and Materials Free-breathing four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) datasets were acquired weekly from 22 patients during treatment for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Scans were registered to baseline (simulation) 4D-CT scans by using bony landmarks. The distance between the center of the GEJ contour on the simulation scan and the mean location of GEJ centers on subsequent scans was used to assess changes in GEJ location between fractions; displacement was also correlated with clinical and respiratory variables. Results The mean absolute random error was 1.69 mm (range, 0.11–4.11 mm) in the lateral direction, 1.87 mm (range, 0.51–4.09 mm) in the anterior–posterior (AP) direction, and 3.09 mm (range, 0.99–6.16 mm) in the superior–inferior (SI) direction. The mean absolute systemic GEJ displacement between fractions was 2.88 mm lateral (≥5 mm in 14%), mostly leftward; 2.90 mm (≥5 mm in 14%) AP, mostly anterior; and 6.77 mm (≥1 cm in 18%) SI, mostly inferior. Variations in tidal volume and diaphragmatic excursion during treatment correlated strongly with systematic SI GEJ displacement ( r = 0.964, p r = 0.944, p r = 0.678, p = 0.0005; r = 0.758, p Conclusion We found large (>1-cm) interfractional displacements in the GEJ in the SI (especially inferior) direction that was not accounted for when skeletal alignment alone was used for patient positioning. Because systematic displacement in the SI direction had dosimetric impact and correlated with tidal volume, better accounting for depth of breathing is needed to reduce interfractional variability.
A potentiometric study of the flavin semiquinone equilibrium

Abstract Potentiometric studies of the riboflavin and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) equilibria with reduced and semiquinone species have been performed by the classical method of Michaelis. A value has been determined for the p K of the semiquinone of FMN and a corrected value for the semiquinone p K of riboflavin is reported. The equilibrium constants between reduced, oxidized, and semiquinone forms of riboflavin in basic solution are less than one; this is in contradiction to the second paper of Michaelis but in agreement with the first paper.
Beyond BCG: the potential for a more effective TB vaccine.

Abstract The ‘Bacille Calmette–Guerin' (BCG) vaccine has been used throughout most parts of the world for the majority of the century. It is safe to use and cheap to produce, but there have been increasing doubts about its effectiveness. These doubts could not come at a worse time, as tuberculosis (TB) rates continue to rise, compounded by the AIDS epidemic, and outbreaks of tuberculosis caused by multidrug-resistant strains are more common even in advanced countries. As a result, there is now a concerted research effort to produce new TB vaccine candidates. These include DNA vaccines, recombinant and auxotrophic vaccines and subunit vaccines, all of which hold promise. The real difficulty will probably arise at the clinical trial level, when a decision must be made either to replace BCG or to boost existing BCG-induced immunity using these new-generation vaccines.
Commercially processed dry ginger (Zingiber officinale): composition and effects on LPS-stimulated PGE2 production.

Using techniques previously employed to identify ginger constituents in fresh organically grown Hawaiian white and yellow ginger varieties, partially purified fractions derived from the silica gel column chromatography and HPLC of a methylene chloride extract of commercially processed dry ginger, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Zingiberaceae, which demonstrated remarkable anti-inflammatory activity, were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In all, 115 compounds were identified, 88 with retention times (Rt) >21 min and 27 with <21 min. Of those 88 compounds, 45 were previously reported by us from fresh ginger, 12 are cited elsewhere in the literature and the rest (31) are new: methyl [8]-paradol, methyl [6]-isogingerol, methyl [4]-shogaol, [6]-isoshogaol, two 6-hydroxy-[n]-shogaols (n = 8 and 10), 6-dehydro-[6]-gingerol, three 5-methoxy-[n]-gingerols (n = 4, 8 and 10), 3-acetoxy-[4]-gingerdiol, 5-acetoxy-[6]-gingerdiol (stereoisomer), diacetoxy-[8]-gingerdiol, methyl diacetoxy-[8]-gingerdiol, 6-(4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxyphenyl)-2-nonyl-2-hydroxytetrahydropyran, 3-acetoxydihydro-[6]-paradol methyl ether, 1-(4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxyphenyl)-2-nonadecen-1-one and its methyl ether derivative, 1,7-bis-(4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxyphenyl)-5-methoxyheptan-3-one, 1,7-bis-(4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-5-acetoxyheptane, acetoxy-3-dihydrodemethoxy-[6]-shogaol, 5-acetoxy-3-deoxy-[6]-gingerol, 1-hydroxy-[6]-paradol, (2E)-geranial acetals of [4]- and [6]-gingerdiols, (2Z)-neral acetal of [6]-gingerdiol, acetaldehyde acetal of [6]-gingerdiol, 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,4-dehydro-6-decanone and the cyclic methyl orthoesters of [6]- and [10]-gingerdiols. Of the 27 Rt < 21 min compounds, we had found 5 from fresh ginger, 20 others were found elsewhere in the literature, and two are new: 5-(4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxyphenyl)-pent-2-en-1-al and 5-(4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-pentanal. Most of the short Rt compounds are probably formed by thermal degradation during GC (which mimics cooking) and/or commercial drying. The concentrations of gingerols, the major constituents of fresh ginger, were reduced slightly in dry ginger, while the concentrations of shogaols, the major gingerol dehydration products, increased.
Resonance-fluorescence in barium ion clouds

Abstract The problem of resonant-fluorescent scattering of sunlight by a high altitude, plane-parallel, barium ion cloud is solved numerically. Line strengths and profiles are computed using our modified version of the computer program LINEAR (Auer, Heasley and Milkey, 1972). Hyperfine structure of the spectral lines becomes important for very thick layers and is taken into account. Comparisons are made between coherent and completely noncoherent scattering results and finally the influence of collisions on the radiation field is estimated.
Economic Power and Political Influence: The Impact of Industry Structure on Public Policy

Political scientists have devoted considerable attention to the ways in which economic power can be translated into political influence. Yet there has been little empirical research capable of confirming or denying general hypotheses about the political implications of various aspects of economic structure. This article seeks to begin filling this gap by first identifying five aspects of economic structure likely to affect an industry's political influence (firm size, industry size, market concentration, profitability, arid geographic dispersion) and then testing these aspects by analyzing how well they account for variations among industries in their success at securing public policies of benefit to them, especially in two policy arenas: federal corporate income taxes and state excise taxes. What emerges most clearly from this analysis is an empirical confirmation of the popular hypothesis linking firm size to political influence with respect to both federal corporate tax policy and state excise tax policy. Beyond that, we find reasonably strong negative relationships between political influence and market concentration, profitability, and industry size – the latter lending interesting support to Mancur Olson's argument about the political disabilities of large groups. In the process, the article suggests a potentially fruitful new way to get beyond the case study approach in studying the impact of economic power on political influence, and thus a way to bring to bear more powerful methodological tools on this central issue of modern democracy.
Separation of brain phosphatidylserines according to degree of unsaturation by thin-layer chromatography

Abstract Phosphatidylserines (PS) have been prepared from bovine brain using DEAE column chromatography. A method involving AgNO 3 -impragnated silica gel H thin-layer chromatography is presented for separating intact PS according to the degree of unsaturation of their fatty acids. A detailed analysis was made of the fatty acid composition of the various fractions using gas chromatography. Some data are presented on the composition of molecular species of PS in bovine brain. The two main molecular species found in cerebral cortex are tentatively assigned the structures of 1-octadecanoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl- sn -glycero-3-phosphorylserine and 1-octadecanoyl-2-octadecenoyl- sn -glycero-3-phosphorylserine.