cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of SILAC data sets using spectral counting.

We report a new quantitative proteomics approach that combines the best aspects of stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) labeling and spectral counting. The SILAC peptide count ratio analysis (SPeCtRA, http://proteomics.mcw.edu/visualize) method relies on MS 2 spectra rather than ion chromatograms for quantitation and therefore does not require the use of high mass accuracy mass spectrometers. The inclusion of a stable isotope label allows the samples to be combined before sample preparation and analysis, thus avoiding many of the sources of variability that can plague spectral counting. To validate the SPeCtRA method, we have analyzed samples constructed with known ratios of protein abundance. Finally, we used SPeCtRA to compare endothelial cell protein abundances between high (20 mM) and low (11 mM) glucose culture conditions. Our results demonstrate that SPeCtRA is a protein quantification technique that is accurate and sensitive as well as easy to automate and apply to high-throughput analysis of complex biological samples.
Combination therapy with digoxin and diltiazem controls ventricular rate in chronic atrial fibrillation in dogs better than digoxin or diltiazem monotherapy: a randomized crossover study in 18 dogs.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) with excessively high ventricular rates (VR) occurs in dogs with advanced heart disease. Rate control improves clinical signs in these patients. Optimal drug therapy and target VR remain poorly defined. Hypothesis: Digoxin-diltiazem combination therapy reduces VR more than either drug alone in dogs with high VR AF. Animals: Eighteen client-owned dogs (>15 kg) with advanced heart disease, AF, and average VR on 24-hour Holter > 140 beats per minute (bpm). Methods: After baseline Holter recording, dogs were randomized to digoxin or diltiazem monotherapy, or combination therapy. Repeat Holter evaluation was obtained after 2 weeks; dogs were then crossed over to the other arm (monotherapy or combination therapy) for 2 weeks and a third Holter was acquired. Twenty-four hour average VR, absolute and relative VR changes from baseline, and percent time spent within prespecified VR ranges (>140, 100–140, and <100 bpm) were compared. Correlations between serum drug concentrations and VR were examined. Results: Digoxin (median, 164 bpm) and diltiazem (median, 158 bpm) decreased VR from baseline (median, 194 bpm) less than the digoxin-diltiazem combination (median, 126 bpm) (P 140 bpm for 88% of the recording period with either monotherapy. Serum drug concentrations did not correlate with VR. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: At the dosages used in this study, digoxin-diltiazem combination therapy provided a greater rate control than either drug alone in dogs with AF.
TU-D-352-08: Innovative Instrumentation for Resonant Cancer Theranostics

Purpose: Most current diagnostic and therapeutic X‐ray techniques use nonspecific, broadband continuum radiation. By taking advantage of resonant absorption complexes in heavy‐element‐tagged nanoparticles or contrast agents delivered to disease sites, we can use tunable, narrow energy bands for both therapy and diagnosis (theranostics) that is extremely efficient and minimizes radiation exposure to neighboring tissue. Method and Materials: We use an electron beamion trap (EBIT) as the source of tunable, monochromatic X‐rays for imaging and therapy and a cryogenic x‐ray microcalorimeter to form spectroscopically resolved images. The high resolving power (E/ΔE > 2000) and low background of the microcalorimeter are essential for verifying the resonant absorption signatures predicted by our relativistic R‐matrix calculations. The microcalorimeter is used to tune the X‐ray emission from the EBIT plasma to the band of resonant absorption lines in the tagged nanoparticles. The unprecedented signal to noise of the microcalorimeter means that it can identify line emission with less than 20 counts per energy resolution element, making the eventual dose necessary for diagnosticimaging potentially very low. Results: We describe the EBIT and the microcalorimeter with emphasis on the X‐ray energy range required by cancer theranostics. Preliminary studies with the microcalorimeter demonstrate that it can image atomic fingerprints of heavy‐element uptake such as goldnanoparticles that can be embedded in malignant tissue. Conclusion: We discuss two key component technologies for atomic level theranostics : The electron beamion trap is a smart x‐ray source capable of generating monoenergetic resonant X‐rays that maximally interact with the matching high‐Z contrast agent or nanoparticles; the spectroscopic microcalorimeter is a “zero‐background” detector by design and can discriminate resonant signatures with 10 times better resolution than any other X‐ray spectrometer, thus providing very high sensitivity for detailed mapping of elemental distributions such as goldnanoparticles and platinum‐based chemotherapeutic compounds.
Crystallographic evidence for the structural isomorphism of deer and beef catalase

2 crystal forms of deer liver catalase have been grown and analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Both are of space group P212121 with cell dimensions I: a=88.5 A, b=140.5A and c=235 A; II: a=124 A, b=128 A and c=154 A. The first of these 2 forms appears to be virtually isomorphous with crystals of beef liver catalase.
Chemical studies of H chondrites. I: Mobile trace elements and gas retention ages

Trends for 16 trace elements (Ag, As, Au, Bi, Cd, Co, Cs, Ga, In, K, Rb, Sb, Se, Te, Tl, and Zn), chosen to span a broad geochemical and thermal response range, in 44 H4-6 chondrites, differ widely from those in L4-6 chondrites. In particular, H chondrites classified as heavily shocked petrologically do not necessarily exhibit Ar-40 loss and vice versa. The clear-cut causal relationship between siderophile and mobile element loss with increasing late shock seen in L chondrites is not generally evident in the H group. H chondrite parent material experienced an early high temperature genetic episode that mobilized a substantial proportion of these trace elements so that later thermal episodes resulted in more subtle, collateral fractionations. Mildly shocked L chondrites escaped this early high temperature event, indicating that the two most numerous meteorite groups differ fundamentally in genetic history.
Dewey and gadamer on the ontology of art

Over the past decade Richard Rorty has championed the work of Dewey as an example of anti-foundational philosophy, similar to Heideggerian forms of thought which turn philosophy into a kind of cultural criticism. However, Rorty also notes that Dewey's naturalistic metaphysics appears to conflict with this program of overcoming philosophy's past. Rorty's diagnosis is clear: Dewey wanted to be as naturalistic as Locke and as historicist as Hegel. This can indeed be done. One can say with Locke that the causal processes that go on in the human organism suffice, without the intrusion of anything non-natural, to explain the acquisition of knowledge (moral, mathematical, empirical, and political). One can also say, with Hegel, that rational criticism of knowledge-claims is always in terms of the problems that human beings face at a particular epoch. These two lines of thought neither intersect nor conflict. ~ While I agree with Rorty's description of what Dewey wanted to achieve, I am inclined to disagree with his conclusion that the two lines of thought "neither intersect nor conflict." Although there is no necessity that they generate any conflict, I believe they do in the case of Dewey, especially in his philosophy of art. While much of his treatment of art is close to historicist approaches among Continental thinkers, Dewey's commitment both to evolutionary naturalism and to the centrality of scientific method differentiates his views from theirs. In what follows I will establish this claim by contrasting Gadamer's discussion of the ontology of art with Dewey's views.
Evaluation of hadacidin analogues

Several derivatives of hadacidin have been developed and evaluated for activity against adenylosuccinate synthetase.
Population-based estimates of transbronchial lung biopsy utilization and complications.

Summary Background Little is known about trends in the utilization or complication rates of transbronchial lung biopsy, particularly in community hospitals. Methods We used the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Florida State Inpatient and State Ambulatory Surgical Databases to assess trends in transbronchial lung biopsy utilization in adults from 2000 to 2009. We subsequently calculated population based estimates of complications associated with transbronchial lung biopsy (iatrogenic pneumothorax and procedure-related hemorrhage) and identified characteristics associated with complications. Results From 2000 to 2009, the age-adjusted rate of transbronchial biopsies per 100,000 adults in Florida decreased by 25% from 74 to 55 ( p Conclusions Utilization of transbronchial lung biopsy is decreasing relative to the overall use of bronchoscopy. Nevertheless, it remains a safe procedure with low risk of complications.
Genetic Factors in the Etiology of Palatally Displaced Canines

Palatal displacement of maxillary canines (palatally displaced canines [PDCs]) can be associated with agenesis of the ipsilateral (adjacent) permanent lateral incisor, suggesting a developmental sequence secondary to a genetic influence on permanent maxillary lateral incisor development. They can also occur with small or normal ipsilateral permanent lateral incisors and or agenesis of other teeth, suggesting an overall effect on the dentition that may be primarily mediated to some degree by genetic factors. PDCs tend to cluster in some families, with segregation analysis suggesting a single gene having a dominant effect with low penetrance. The marked propensity to skip generations and variable presentation also suggests the possibility of a complex etiology with multiple genetic or environmental factors. Studies of linkage or association of specific DNA polymorphisms with the trait in multiple families and/or in large population samples are needed to not only demonstrate a genetic influence but to ultimately determine what those genetic influences are and how they interact with environmental factors. It is time for large clinical studies of patients with PDCs with the use of modern genotyping techniques to test the hypotheses of if, which, and how genetic factors influence this developmental anomaly to ultimately better understand its etiology and treatment.
Cultural psychiatry, medical anthropology, and the DSM-5 field trials.

Cultural psychiatrists and medical anthropologists have long held that studying culture is fundamental to studying mental health. Psychiatric classification is a cultural system that distinguishes ...
Synthesis and evaluation of 1-hydroxycyclopropanecarboxylic acids as potential transition state inhibitors of dihydroxy-acid dehydratase

Abstract Cyclopropane containing 1-hydroxycarboxylic acids are moderately effective competitive inhibitors of yeast and E. coli dihydroxy-acid dehydratase.
Gregory of Elvira, Lactantius, and the Reception of the De ira Dei

Gregory of Elvira’s indebtedness to the Latin patristic tradition has been copiously documented. However, until now no scholar has been able to prove that he worked from Lactantius. This article adduces two clear reminiscences of Lactantius in Gregory’s homilies, one of which is the only extended quotation from the De ira Dei to surface in all of Latin patristic literature.
Diagonal matrix scaling is NP-hard

Abstract A symmetric matrix A is said to be scalable if there exists a positive diagonal matrix X such that the row and column sums of XAX are all ones. We show that testing the scalability of arbitrary matrices is NP-hard. Equivalently, it is NP-hard to check for a given symmetric matrix A whether the logarithmic barrier function 1 2 x T Ax − ∑ ln x i has a stationary point in the positive orthant x > 0.
Nutritional support in critical care patients

Malnutrition in the form of insufficient nutrient intake to support tissue metabolism undermines appropriate medical or surgical therapeutic management of a case. The major consequences of malnutrition in all patients are decreased immunocompetence, decreased tissue synthesis and repair, and altered intermediary drug metabolism. A practical goal is to begin nutritional support within 24 hours of the injury, illness, or presentation. There are only two methods by which nutrients can be supplied to the body: enteral and parenteral. General guidelines are presented to help establish a foundation.
Experimental study on the performance of superfinish hard turned surfaces in rolling contact

In this study, specimens of AISI 52100 with hardness of 62-63 Rc were hard turned using different cutting parameters. Surface roughness, residual stress, and micro-hardness were measured. The workpieces were then tested for the rolling contact fatigue life under several maximum Hertzian contact stresses. Results indicate that the choice of the cutting parameters greatly affects the surface integrity aspects of the hard turned parts and consequently, the fatigue life. For the range of experiments performed, it is found that varying the cutting parameters largely changes the fatigue life by a factor up to 40 times. The repeatability of the fatigue life of hard turned workpieces under the same loading is found to be much more consistent than that of ground workpieces.
Multifocal eosinophilic granuloma with a possible trepanation in a fourteenth century Greek young skeleton

Multiple lytic lesions in the cranial remains of a young adolescent from medieval Corinth in Greece, display characteristics best associated with multifocal eosinophilic granuloma. Some of the lesions have marginal sclerosis indicative of healing. The lesions vary in size from less than one centimeter in diameter to over two centimeters. The larger lesions, in particular, appear to be the result of confluence between two or more lytic foci. These lesions, rarely described in archaeological skeletal material, result from a pathological disturbance within the reticuloendothelial system. One of the cranial lesions has a different appearance from the other lesions and may have been produced by a therapeutic trepanation. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microstructure and porosity in thixomolded Mg alloys and minimizing adverse effects on formability

Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate possible changes in warm formability of thixomolded Mg alloys by applying severe deformation processing. The microstructure of as-thixomolded magnesium alloys can be complex, as it can contain a variety of constituents such as Mg 17 Al 12 intermetallic particles, shrinkage and gas porosity, as well as internal oxide films and entrapped residues. These inherent heterogeneities affect their fracture properties when these alloys are hot rolled to sheet or formed. It has been found in this research that dissolved gases and heterogeneities can adversely influence warm formability of the molded sheet, and contribute to variability in strength and ductility. Using thixomolded AM60 Mg (Mg–6%Al) plate from a commercial supplier, various heat treatments, hot rolling treatment and friction stir processing treatment were performed to introduce severe plastic deformation processing to alter microstructure. Macrostructure and microstructure resulting after these treatments demonstrated that for a given lot of thixomolded Mg plate, considerable changes in the microstructure, porosity and warm formability can be caused by stirring and severe deformation processing approach. The knowledge gained from this study could benefit thixomolding community, as well as Mg wrought materials applications in regard factors that affect formability of these materials.
Cognitive Shifts of Young Children as a Function of Peer Interaction and Sibling Status.

Abstract This study examined the effect of peer interaction and sibling status on cognitive activity of 68 boys and girls from grades 1 to 4 at different levels of cognitive equivalence (C-E) functioning. The children were assigned to solitary or peer-dyad game play (same grade and sex) or no-game groups based on C-E level (perceptual vs. functional) and sibling status (older sibling vs. youngest or only child). Results indicated that playing the game with a peer resulted in significant gains. Children who had younger siblings increased their use of the functional mode after playing the game, but youngest or only children did not. Shifts persisted for two weeks. Shifts for older siblings may have been a function of advantages accrued from teaching younger siblings.
Clinical outcomes after decompression of the nerve to the teres minor in patients with idiopathic isolated teres minor fatty atrophy

Background The purpose of this manuscript is to describe what we believe to be the first series of patients surgically treated for idiopathic isolated teres minor atrophy and to present the results of surgical decompression of the nerve to the teres minor. Methods This is a retrospective cohort of 22 patients who underwent decompression of the nerve to the teres minor for isolated teres minor atrophy. Clinical data including duration of symptoms, additional diagnoses, concurrent procedures, preoperative physical examination findings, imaging data, and preoperative visual analog scale (VAS), Simple Shoulder Test (SST), and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores were collected from the medical record. Postoperative patient-based clinical outcome measures including VAS, SST, and ASES scores were obtained during clinical examination or by telephone interview. Results Average length of follow-up was 26 months. Nine patients had concurrent procedures performed. Preoperatively, 12 of 14 (86%) had external rotation weakness in Hornblower's position. Postoperatively, pain scores decreased an average of 4 points; ASES scores increased 31.7 ± 20.2 points; SST scores increased 3.1 ± 2.3 points. No external rotation weakness was noted postoperatively in any tested patient. Two patients developed adhesive capsulitis. No other complications occurred. Conclusions Isolated compression of the nerve to the teres minor is a rare and novel clinical entity. In properly selected cases, open release of the fascial sling enveloping the nerve branches to the teres minor can provide relief of symptoms and clinical improvement.
Let Us Entertain You

Middleware has incited a gold rush as developers stake their claims across the entertainment computing landscape. As they become more mature, most industries spawn specialized sub-industries. For example, automobile manufacturers don't make their own tires, and aircraft manufacturers don't even make their own jet engines. By aiming to amortize their costs over a wider customer base, specialized companies can devote the required resources to research and development. In the games industry, the products that such companies provide to support game development are referred to as middleware.
Career‐Planning and Placement Services: Evaluations by College Recruiters and Placement Directors

Fifty-five college recruiters and 64 placement directors rated 19 career-planning and placement services and 8 kinds of student data on their value to recruiters. They also evaluated the most appropriate times for the use of student data. Significant differences between their ratings were found for 16 of the services and none of the kinds of student data. Significant differences between the groups' evaluations of the most appropriate times for the use of student data were found for 4 of 8 types. Recruiters and directors seem to be in complete agreement about the values of services and student data but in less agreement about the best times for using the student data.
A similarity model for the windy jovian thermocline

Abstract A new conceptual model for the observed banded wind structure of the giant outer planets is proposed, assuming a smoothly distributed potential vorticity (PV) atop a layer of deeply seated, latitudinally variable stratification. With a vanishing horizontal entropy contrast presumably enforced at the bottom of the flow layer by the underlying convection, the thermal-wind balance of observed cloud-top motions implies a mapping of constant potential temperature surfaces, nearly vertical at upper tropospheric levels, down to a deeper, flatter, but variably sloped “thermocline”. For a generally colder-poleward distribution of isentropes consistent with the strong equatorial jets of both Jupiter and Saturn, this kind of mapping would also imply a poleward decreasing static stability. The proposed temperature-stability distribution is just the reverse of the Earth’s troposphere, where the strongest latitudinal potential temperature gradients are at the bottom instead of the top, with static stability generally increasing toward the pole. The warmer–stabler correlation for Jupiter would be consistent, however, with a nearly monotonic distribution of PV from low to high latitudes, over planetary scales for which the planetary vorticity dominates the relative vorticity of the jets. In this way efficient PV mixing for the isentropically bounded thermocline can account for the dynamical maintenance of the cyclonic flanks of the equatorial jet. Over latitudinal intervals comparable to the internal deformation scale, however, the gradient of the absolute vorticity is dominated by the flow curvature, correlated for a well-mixed PV distribution with the local latitudinal gradient of the static stability, itself proportional for the assumed thermocline structure to the local potential temperature gradient and therefore the local departures in geostrophic velocity. The resulting correlation of velocities and vorticity gradients would imply an alternation of the flow over the internal deformation radius set by the vertical entropy contrast. The requisite size of the deep stability is itself roughly consistent with the diagnostic interpretation of the apparent dispersive character and vertical wavelength of observed temperature oscillations in Jupiter’s upper troposphere and stratosphere, as well as a plausible extrapolation of the deep sub-adiabatic lapse rate detected by the Galileo probe.
The nature of antigen in the eye has a profound effect on the cytokine milieu and resultant immune response

The eye is endowed with a number of mechanisms that protect it from immune-mediated injury. One such mechanism, termed anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID), evokes the antigen-specific, systemic down-regulation of Th1 responses to antigen inoculated into the anterior chamber of the eye. ACAID has been correlated with the selective production of IL-10 by the antigen-presenting cells (APC) and the development of a cross-regulatory Th2-like response. A small subset of antigens do not induce ACAID, but instead provoke IL-12 and normal Th1 immunity. Remarkably, all soluble antigens tested are capable of inducing ACAID; only cell-associated antigens do not induce ACAID. We hypothesized that the nature of antigen plays a decisive role in the resultant immune response. This hypothesis was tested with two well-characterized antigens, ovalbumin (OVA) and SV40 large T antigen (SV40 Lg T Ag). The soluble forms of OVA and SV40 Lg T Ag induced ACAID in both in vivo and in vitro models of the eye. In contrast, the particulate forms of these antigens, i.e. OVA passively absorbed onto inert latex beads (OVA-latex) and SV40 Lg T Ag expressed in two different cell lines, 99E1 and SV-T2, did not induce ACAID in either in vivo or in vitro models of the eye. In addition, the cytokine profiles of ocular APC pulsed with OVA or OVA-latex showed that soluble OVA induced the production of IL-10, whereas OVA-latex induced the production of IL-12. These data suggest that the nature of the antigen in the eye, whether soluble or particulate, is a crucial determinant in the resultant immune response. Moreover, they suggest a mechanism in which soluble antigens preferentially induce the release of ACAID-inducing IL-10 whereas particulate antigens preferentially induce the release of Th1-inducing IL-12 by responding APC.
Distribution of Metabolites and Enzymes of Nitrogen Metabolism between the Mesophyll and Paraveinal Mesophyll of Non-Nodulated Glycine max

The distribution of amino acids and key enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism was determined in mesophyll cells, mesophyll protoplasts and paraveinal mesophyll protoplasts isolated from fully expanded trifoliolate leaves of non-nodulated soybean
Is ultrasound screening for DDH in babies born breech sufficient

Purpose To review our incidence of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in breech infants referred for ultrasound screening and to determine if subsequent follow-up radiographs are necessary in these patients with normal clinical and ultrasound examinations.
Simplifying Qualitative Data Analysis Using General Purpose Software Tools

This article shows how clever but simple use of word-processing functions can provide many features of special-purpose software designed for analyzing text. For many qualitative research projects, and for students who are learning computerassisted analysis of text, the Microsoft Word functions outlined here may be all that are required. Examples are given showing how Microsoft Word can be used for coding and retrieving, semiautomated coding and inspection, creating hierarchies of code categories via indexing, global editing of theme codes, coding of “face-sheet” data, exploring relationships between face-sheet codes and conceptual codes, quantifying the frequency of code instances, and annotating text. The techniques outlined can be used for analyzing and managing many kinds of data, including key informant interviews, focus groups, document and literature reviews, and open-ended survey questions.
Posterior distribution preprocessing for passive DTV radar tracking: Simulated and real data

This work presents the results of a multistage tracking framework on two types of passive radar data. The framework consists of three stages: range/range rate tracking to reject clutter, a posterior distribution transmitter fusion step, and a JPDA-based tracker. The overall system is applied to a simulated passive DTV radar dataset which contains two sets of SFN transmitters. The simulated dataset includes range, range rate, and azimuth measurements. We also present results on a new passive DTV radar dataset, which includes multiple transmitters on different frequencies.
Bromocriptine and the Hypothalamic Hypophyseal Function in Patients With Chronic Renal Failure on Chronic Hemodialysis

Ten patients with chronic renal failure on chronic hemodialysis had the following tests to evaluate the integrity of the hypothalamic hypophyseal axis: (A) glucose tolerance test, (B) thyrotropin releasing hormone stimulation test, (C) clonidine stimulation test, (D) insulin induced hypoglycemia, and (E) LHIRH stimulation test. The majority of those tests were abnormal and prolactin values were found to be moderately elevated in all the patients. Bromocriptine (1.25 mg twice a day) was given to all the patients for 1 month and then, while on bromocriptine, the tests were repeated. Although there is a decrement in the concentration of serum prolactin level, none of the hypothalamic hypophyseal abnormalities were corrected. However, five of the ten patients reported an improvement of their impotence with bromocriptine. The patients who responded had high levels of FSH and LH with levels of testosterone above 1 mg/mL. The nonresponders had low FSH and LH levels and very low testosterone levels. Therefore, bromocriptine, although possibly beneficial in some dialysis patients, is not a drug that can normalize abnormal functioning of hormones in the dialysis population.
Pyrrolo(1,4)benzodiazepine antitumor antibiotics In vitro interaction of anthramycin, sibiromycin and tomaymycin with DNA using specifically radiolabelled molecules

Abstract Anthramycin, tomaymycin and sibiromycin are pyrrolo(1,4)benzodiazepine antitumor antibiotics. These compounds react with DNA and other guanine-containing polydeoxynucleotides to form covalently bound antibiotic · polydeoxynucleotide complexes. Experiments utilizing radiolabelled antibiotics have led to the following conclusions: 1. 1. Sibiromycin reacts much faster than either anthramycin or tomaymycin with DNA. 2. 2. At saturation binding the final antibiotic to base ratios for sibiromycin, anthramycin and tomaymycin are 1 : 8.8, 1 : 12.9, and 1 : 18.2 respectively. 3. 3. No reaction with RNA or protein occurs with the pyrrolo(1,4)benzodiazepine antibiotics. 4. 4. Sibiromycin effectively competes for the same DNA binding sites as anthramycin and tomaymycin; however, there is only partial overlap for the same binding sites between anthramycin and tomaymycin. 5. 5. Whereas all three pyrrolo(1,4)benzodiazepine antibiotic · DNA complexes are relatively stable to alkaline conditions, their stability under acidic conditions increases in the order tomaymycin, anthramycin and sibiromycin. 6. 6. No loss of non-exchangeable hydrogens in either the pyrrol ring or the side chains of these antibiotics occurs upon formation of their complexes with DNA. 7. 7. Unchanged antibiotic has been demonstrated to be released upon acid treatment of the anthramycin · DNA and tomaymycin · DNA complexes. 8. 8. A Schiffbase linkage between the antibiotics and DNA has been eliminated. The comparative reactivity of the three antibiotics towards DNA and the stability of their DNA complexes is discussed in relation to their structures. A working hypothesis for the formation of the antibiotic · DNA covalent complexes is proposed based upon the available information.
A new vector field method for eigen-decomposition of symmetric matrices

Abstract We study a new approach to eigen-decomposition of symmetric matrices, called the vector field method. In contrast to the methods currently in use, the vector field method computes an eigenvector by computing a discrete approximation to the integral curve of a special tangent vector field on the unit sphere. The optimization problems embedded in each iteration of the vector field algorithms admit closed-form solutions making the vector field approach promisingly efficient. Besides establishing the general convergence results about the vector field method and the complexity bounds for computing ϵ -approximations to eigenvectors, we also computationally compare the performance of a family of algorithms called the recursive vector field algorithms with that of the power method. The vector field method, like the power method, offers a significant advantage in that it can exploit sparseness to speed up computation even further. The convergence analysis, that we present, also suggests that one could speed up the vector field algorithms through preprocessing that contracts the spectral radius of the given matrix.
Using feature transformation and selection with polynomial networks

Polynomial networks have proven successful in authentication applications such as speaker recognition. A drawback of these methods is that as the degree of the polynomial network is increased, the number of model terms increases rapidly. This rapid increase can result in over fitting and make the network difficult to use in real-world applications because of the large number of model terms. We propose and contrast two solutions to this problem. First, we show how random dimension reduction can be used to effectively control model complexity. We describe a novel method which allows quick reduction of the dimension using an FFT. Applying these methods to a speaker recognition problem shows an approximately linear relation between the log of the number of model parameters and the log of the error rate. Second, we apply several methods of feature selection to reduce both model complexity and computation. We survey several methods and show which method yields the best performance in a speaker recognition application.
Comparison of blood velocity measurements between ultrasound Doppler and accelerated phase-contrast MR angiography in small arteries with disturbed flow

Ultrasound Doppler (UD) velocity measurements are commonly used to quantify blood flow velocities in vivo. The aim of our work was to investigate the accuracy of in vivo spectral Doppler measurements of velocity waveforms. Waveforms were derived from spectral Doppler signals and corrected for intrinsic spectral broadening errors by applying a previously published algorithm. The method was tested in a canine aneurysm model by determining velocities in small arteries (3–4 mm diameter) near the aneurysm where there was moderately disturbed flow. Doppler results were compared to velocity measurements in the same arteries acquired with a rapid volumetric phase contrast MR angiography technique named phase contrast vastly undersampled isotropic projection reconstruction magnetic resonance angiography (PC-VIPR MRA). After correcting for intrinsic spectral broadening, there was a high degree of correlation between velocities obtained by the real-time UD and the accelerated PC-MRA technique. The peak systolic velocity yielded a linear correlation coefficient of r = 0.83, end diastolic velocity resulted in r = 0.81, and temporally averaged mean velocity resulted in r = 0.76. The overall velocity waveforms obtained by the two techniques were also highly correlated (r = 0.89 ± 0.06). There were, however, only weak correlations for the pulsatility index (PI: 0.25) and resistive index (RI: 0.14) derived from the two techniques. Results demonstrate that to avoid overestimations of peak systolic velocities, the results for UD must be carefully corrected to compensate for errors caused by intrinsic spectral broadening.
Practice Effects: A Unique Cognitive Variable

Practice effects are improvements in cognitive test performance due to repeated evaluation with the same or similar test materials. Prior studies have reported that these improvements can vary with age, education/intellect, and disease status. However, additional information is needed about variables that influence practice effects. The current study prospectively quantified short-term practice effects in 268 community-dwelling older adults and compared these practice effects to demographic variables, global cognition, premorbid intellect, depression, and individual cognitive domains. Overall, practice effects were not significantly related to most demographic and clinical characteristics or individual cognitive domains, which was contrary to our hypotheses. However, since practice effects appear to be uninfluenced by many variables that typically affect cognitive scores, they may be a unique and valuable tool that could be applied in a number of diverse patient groups.
A Lagrangian theory of the classical spinning electron

A Lagrangian is defined that governs the dynamics of a classical electron with spin, moving under the influence of electromagnetic forces. The Euler-Lagrange equations associated with this Lagrangian for space-time position x exp-alpha provide a generalization of the Lorentz force law. The remaining Euler-Lagrange equations lead directly to the (generalized) Frenkel (1926)-Thomas (1927)-BMT (1959) equations.
A Test of Kinsbourne's Selective Activation Model

Kinsbourne's selective activation model (1985) was investigated in a sample of 28 strongly right-dominant males. Priming manipulations were hypothesized preferentially to activate a hemisphere and to decrease reaction time on an affect recognition task in the contralateral visual field. The left hemisphere manipulation consisted of subvocal verbal rehearsal, while imagery served as the right hemisphere task. Baseline performance was evaluated via a control condition. No priming was found, but the experimental tasks had significant interference effects. Interference was noted across visual fields for both experimental manipulations relative to the control condition, suggesting the hemispheres were not preferentially recruited. Furthermore, the processing of happy faces was more susceptible to interference than was that of angry faces. Conceptual and methodological issues are presented to account for the former finding and data relevant to the laterality of affect perception may explain the latter.
The long-run relationship between private and public savings: An empirical note

This empirical note extends the recent work by Holmes (2006) in examining the long-run relationship between private and public savings in the U.S. over the post-World War II period. Standard Engle-Granger cointegration tests fail to reject the null hypothesis of no cointegration; however, once allowance is made for an endogenous break in the cointegrating relationship, the weak form of the Ricardian equivalence proposition is supported.
Somatization disorder in patients with chronic fatigue.

One hundred adults with a chief complaint of chronic fatigue were evaluated in an outpatient setting to determine a possible association with somatization disorder. Somatization disorder was diagnosed in 15 patients. Eight functional somatic symptoms were reported more frequently by these patients: pain in extremities, joint paint, chest pain, other pain, shortness of breath, blurred vision, muscle weakness, and sexual indifference (p
Protein Kinase A, not Epac, Suppresses Hedgehog Activity and Regulates Glucocorticoid Sensitivity in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells

Cyclic AMP synergizes strongly with glucocorticoids (GC) to induce apoptosis in normal or malignant lymphoid cells. We examined the individual roles that cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and Epac (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP), two intracellular cAMP receptors, play in this synergistic effect. Our studies demonstrate that PKA is responsible for the observed synergism with GC, whereas Epac exerts a weak antagonistic effect against GC-induced apoptosis. We find that endogenous PKA activity is higher in the GC-sensitive clone than in the GC-resistant clone. In the GC-sensitive clone, higher PKA activity is associated with lower Hedgehog (Hh) activity. Moreover, inhibition of Hh activity by Hh pathway-specific inhibitors leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in CEM (human acute lymphoblastic leukemia, T lineage) cells, and the GC-sensitive clone is more sensitive to Hh inhibition. These results suggest that Hh activity is critical for leukemia cell growth and survival and that the level of Hh activity is in part responsible for the synergism between cAMP and GC.
2 + 2 = BSW: An Innovative Approach to the Community College-University Continuum in Social Work Education

This article is a case study of a 2 + 2 undergraduate social work degree program developed by a regional urban community college and a social work program at a midwestern university. This program brings the undergraduate social work degree program from the university's main campus to the community college campus, using university instructors to deliver the same upper-level courses in the major in a venue, structure, and schedule that accommodates the needs of lower-income, nontraditional, first generation, and racial and ethnic minority community college students. By reviewing the process of developing and implementing this 2 + 2 degree completion program, the article will assist university and community college faculty and administrators who would like to develop similar community college-based, bachelor degree programs. Challenges faced in this specific case study are delineated, and suggestions are offered for successfully developing this kind of 2 + 2 degree program.
Simulation of Electrically Enhanced Fibrous Filtration

Experimental investigation of the details of particle deposition in fibrous filters is extremely difficult due to the nature of the filter media. Typically, fibrous filters are composed of fibers that are only a few microns in diameter. The fibers are randomly distributed in a plane that is approximately at right angles to the flow direction with a mean spacing of the order of 10 to 100 fiber diameters. Numerical simulation of the filtration process offers an attractive alternative to the experimental approach. In this paper such a simulation will be described. The present study considers the influence of an electric field on dendrite formation. Three-dimensional graphical representations of simulations with and without an electric field are presented, and the differences in dendrite structure discussed. A comparison with a two-dimensional model is also made.
Predicting Students as Deep and Shallow Processors of Information

This study predicted the classification of subjects into deep and shallow processors of information. Subjects were 38 deep processors (who scored in the top 25% on the Deep Processing subscale of t...
Determination of solvents permeating through chemical protective clothing with a microsensor array

The performance of a novel prototype instrument in determining solvents and solvent mixtures permeating through samples of chemical protective clothing (CPC) materials was evaluated. The instrument contains a mini-preconcentrator and an array of three polymer-coated surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) microsensors whose collective response patterns are used to discriminate among multiple permeants. Permeation tests were performed with a 2.54 cm diameter test cell in an open-loop configuration on samples of common glove materials challenged with four individual solvents, three binary mixtures, and two ternary mixtures. Breakthrough times, defined as the times required for the permeation rate to reach a value of 1 µg cm−2 min−1, determined by the instrument were within 3 min of those determined in parallel by manual sampling and gas chromatographic analysis. Permeating solvents were recognized (identified) from their response patterns in 59 out of 64 measurements (92%) and their vapor concentrations were quantified to an accuracy of ±31% (typically ±10%). These results demonstrate the potential for such instrumentation to provide semi-automated field or bench-top screening of CPC permeation resistance.
Single-particle orbitals in liquid-helium drops.

Drops containing 20 to 240 atoms of Bose liquid /sup 4/He and Fermi liquid /sup 3/He are studied by variational Monte Carlo methods as simple examples of correlated inhomogeneous quantum systems. In the present work we report wave functions of natural, quasiparticle, and mean-field orbitals in these drops. The wave functions of natural orbitals are determined by diagonalizing the one-particle density matrix. The condensate fraction and wave function in the Bose-liquid drops are calculated. The quasihole states are defined in the spirit of Landau's theory, and their wave functions are calculated from the overlaps between states containing N and N-1 atoms. In Bose-liquid drops the wave function of the quasihole orbital is similar to that of the condensate; however, in Fermi-liquid drops the quasihole wave functions are different from those of natural or mean-field orbitals. We find that a simple local-density approximation provides an accurate relation between the mean-field and quasihole wave functions for both Bose- and Fermi-liquid drops. The wave functions of natural orbitals are very localized and simple methods to construct them from mean-field wave functions are also discussed. The momentum distributions of atoms in the drops are calculated and compared with those of extended liquids. The deviationsmore » of the momentum distributions from mean-field distributions are also discussed.« less
Let’s not jump (over) the guns: response to Christina Hellmich

This reply explains several decisions I made as author of “Terrorwars: Boston, Iraq.” Among points raised is the central comparison of the Boston counterterrorist operation in 2013, which I call a one-day war, with techniques of the early Iraq war. Relatedly, I use war knowledge presented in a “novel” by an American veteran of the Iraq war to make that comparison, plus my own experiences with the Boston lockdown, all of which raise questions about who or what is a legitimate source of information on war. I close with events of August 2013 in Ferguson Missouri that confirm the idea that the USA is bringing tools and techniques from contemporary wars into urban policing, and doing so in ways that many ordinary people on the ground are identifying as war.
Pauli spin blockade and lifetime-enhanced transport in a Si/SiGe double quantum dot

We analyze electron-transport data through a Si/SiGe double quantum dot in terms of spin blockade and lifetime-enhanced transport (LET), which is transport through excited states that is enabled by long spin-relaxation times. We present a series of low-bias voltage measurements showing the sudden appearance of a strong tail of current that we argue is an unambiguous signature of LET appearing when the bias voltage becomes greater than the singlet-triplet splitting for the (2,0) electron state. We present eight independent data sets, four in the forward-bias (spin-blockade) regime and four in the reverse-bias (lifetime-enhanced transport) regime and show that all eight data sets can be fit to one consistent set of parameters. We also perform a detailed analysis of the reverse-bias (LET) regime, using transport rate equations that include both singlet and triplet transport channels. The model also includes the energy-dependent tunneling of electrons across the quantum barriers and resonant and inelastic tunneling effects. In this way, we obtain excellent fits to the experimental data, and we obtain quantitative estimates for the tunneling rates and transport currents throughout the reverse-bias regime. We provide a physical understanding of the different blockade regimes and present detailed predictions for the conditions under which LET may be observed.
CORRECTION ON "CHRONIC INTERMITTENT ANOXIA..."

The writer is embarrassed by his discovery that in revising a manuscript entitled "Chronic Intermittent Anoxia and Impairment of Peripheral Vision," an important paragraph was inadvertently omitted from the version which appeared in Science for June 15, 1945. In checking back it becomes evident that the omission arose in the author9s final copy, and that the editors of Science are in no way responsible. The paragraph which should have been inserted between the two paragraphs of column 2, page 615, is as follows: Serial determinations of alveolar gas tensions for each visual test day were carried out on sixteen of the twenty subjects by Dr. Wright Adams, but no relationship could be established with the impairment of peripheral vision. Similarly, in a smaller number of subjects no clear relationship could be established between the visual effect and renal vascular changes (Dr. Alf S. Alving), cardio-vascular changes (Dr. Emmet B. Bay), blood chemistry (Dr. Guzman E. S. Barron), psychiatric changes (Dr. Hugh T. Carmichael), electroencephalograms (Dr. Theodore Case), peripheral blood flow (Dr. Milton Landowne), certain metabolic effects (Drs. Henry T. Ricketts and A. Hughes Bryan), and certain additional neuropsychological indicators. Through omission of the above paragraph, inadequate representation was given to the scope of the total war research project in which the psychological studies carried out by the writer constituted one aspect. In addition to their particular lines of investigation, each of the above men contributed generously of specialized knowledge and of time and energy to insure adequate clinical supervision of the experimental subjects and a valid interpretation of the impairment of peripheral vision as reported.