cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High recovery of concentrated RO brines using forward osmosis and membrane distillation

Vacuum-enhanced direct contact membrane distillation (VEDCMD) and forward osmosis (FO) were investigated for water recovery enhancement in desalination of brackish water. Past studies have demonstrated that both VEDCMD and FO can be effectively utilized in the treatment of a wide range of highly concentrated feed solutions. In the current study, two reverse osmosis (RO) brine streams with total dissolved solids concentrations averaging 7500 and 17,500 mg/L were further desalinated by VEDCMD and by FO. In both processes, high water recoveries were achieved; however, recoveries were limited by precipitation of inorganic salts on the membrane surface. Various cleaning techniques were able to remove the scale layer from the membrane and restore water flux to almost initial levels. FO achieved water recoveries up to 90% from the brines and VEDCMD achieved water recoveries up to 81% from the brines. Addition of a scale inhibitor during both processes was effective at maintaining high water flux for extended time. When considering the total water recovery (the recovery from the RO processes combined with the batch recovery from the VEDCMD or FO process), greater than 96 and 98% total recoveries were achieved for the two different brine streams.
The two-arousal hypothesis: reticular formation and limbic system.

It is postulated that there are 2 major systems in the brain that maintain the ongoing behavior of the vertebrate organism. Arousal System 1 is related to the reticular activating system. It maintains the arousal of the organism, and provides the organization for responses. Arousal System II is related to the limbic system, and provides control of responses through incentive-related stimuli. The organization of these 2 mechanisms is postulated to be mutually inhibitory. It is shown how such an organization is of value in understanding reinforcement as part of a reciprocal relation between drive (Arousal System I) and incentive (Arousal System II). Memory is viewed as a consequence of this reciprocity. The present paper grew out of an attempt to understand the relation between two recent major findings in neurobiology. The first was described by Moruzzi and Magoun (1949) and concerned itself with a medial core primarily in midbrain and hindbrain whjch was capable of activating or arousing the cerebral cortex. This system has often been referred to as the Ascending Reticular Activating System (ARAS). The second finding concerned the discovery (Olds & Milner, 1954) of a series of points primarily within the forebrain which when stimulated prpduced effects similar to "normal" reward. The proposal offered here is that these two discoveries represent the description of two major brain mechanisms that are critical to the organism for the execution of appropriate behavior sequences. Because the two systems operate in such an intimate 1 The author wishes to thank Stanley A. Lorens and Benton J. Underwood for reading a preliminary draft of the manuscript, an4 tp acknowledge his debt to P. Milner, S. Glickman, and J. Olds. During the preparation of the manuscript the author was supported by United States Public Health Service contract MH11991. fashion, much confusion has occurred in the analysis of certain data related to these systems. It is the purpose of the paper to show that an analysis of brain function assuming two arousal systems may be of value in the future to help correct this confusion. A second purpose is to organize a sufficient amount of information to point out where empirical facts appear necessary, and to stress certain special issues which have arisen in considering the information relevant to the two-arousal hypothesis.
Two-port scalar microwave network analyzer with an analog source and software error correction

A computer controlled analog microwave sweep generator is developed for the use of scalar network analysis. The RF source is based on a free running voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) which is being tuned by a precision digital-to-analog converter (DAC) in an open loop configuration. A switched directional coupler assembly is implemented to allow for the measurement of the magnitudes of S 21 and S 11 parameters. Also, a low cost RF power detector is used to measure the power of the transmitted and reflected waves. The system is controlled by a windows based application which plots the S-parameters vs. frequency. Tests show that such a low cost approach combined with the advantages of software control and error correction, provides a low cost solution for making broadband microwave measurements.
Can Axillary Node Dissection Be Omitted in a Subset of Patients with Low Local and Regional Failure Rates

Axillary node dissection (ALND) is the standard of care for patients who have a positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) on sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). We sought to identify a low-risk patient population with positive SLN that may not need cALND. We analyzed SLNB for breast cancer at our institutions between 1999 and 2007. We identified 130 patients who had a positive SLN but did not undergo completion ALND. We evaluated clinical data, adjuvant treatment patterns and intermediate locoregional and distant events. The median patient age was 50; 19% had N0(i+) disease, 53% had micrometastatic (N1mi) disease, and 28% had macrometastasis. Eighty-eight percent of patients underwent radiation therapy; 66 patients (51%) had documented nodal radiation (of these 50 were treated with three fields and 14 with high tangents. Local recurrence in the breast occurred in two patients (2%) and nine patients (7%) developed distant metastases; there were no axillary/nodal recurrences. In this highly selected group of patients who had a positive SLNB but did not undergo cALND, we observed no axillary recurrences.
Dominance of an ∼150-Year Cycle of Sand-Supply Change in Late Holocene Dune-Building along the Eastern Shore of Lake Michigan☆

Outcrops of buried soils on lake-plains and glacial headlands along Lake Michigan's eastern shore suggest that periodic dune-building has occurred there after relatively long (≥100 yr) periods of low sand supply. We located, described, and radiocarbon dated 75 such buried soils that crop out in 32 coastal dune fields beside the lake. We assume that peaks in probability distributions of calibrated 14C ages obtained from wood, charcoal, and other organic matter from buried A horizons approximate the time of soil burial by dunes. Plotted against a late Holocene lake-level curve for Lake Michigan, these peaks are closely associated with many ∼150-yr lake highstands previously inferred from beach ridge studies. Intervening periods of lower lake levels and relative sand starvation apparently permitted forestation and soil development at the sites we studied. While late Holocene lake-level change led to development and preservation of prominent foredunes along the southern and southwestern shores of Lake Michigan, the modern dune landscape of the eastern shore is dominated by perched dunes formed during ∼150-yr lake highstands over the past 1500 yr.
Detection of postoperative granulation tissue with an ICG-enhanced integrated OI-/X-ray System

Background The development of postoperative granulation tissue is one of the main postoperative risks after lumbar spine surgery. This granulation tissue may lead to persistent or new clinical symptoms or complicate a follow up surgery. A sensitive non-invasive imaging technique, that could diagnose this granulation tissue at the bedside, would help to develop appropriate treatments. Thus, the purpose of this study was to establish a fast and economic imaging tool for the diagnosis of granulation tissue after lumbar spine surgery, using a new integrated Optical Imaging (OI)/X-ray imaging system and the FDA-approved fluorescent contrast agent Indocyanine Green (ICG).
Power and Persuasion

Power and Persuasion: Fiestas and Social Control In Rural Mexico. Stanley Brandes. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1988.212pp. $27.95 (Cloth). ISBN 0-8122-8077-6; $14.95 (paper) ISBN 0-8122-1253-3
Mechanism of seeded dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate using submicron polystyrene seed particles

Submicron polystyrene (PS) latex particles were used as seed in seeded dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) to investigate the particle nucleation and aggregation behavior in this type of polymerization. The PS seed particles were located and tracked during the reaction using a refractive index matching technique. The number of PS seed particles present in the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles was investigated in detail throughout the reaction. The change in the distribution of PMMA particle populations containing different numbers of seed particles indicated that intensive nucleation and aggregation occurred during the early stage of the reaction until a transition point of 8.7% conversion was attained under the reaction conditions studied. The size of the large particles at this point was around 1 μm. These particles were regarded as mature particles that did not aggregate with other mature particles. Meanwhile, immature particle were still generated continuously from the continuous phase. These immature particles could not survive the aggregation process to grow to become mature particle, but instead, were captured by the mature particles. Therefore, the total number of the mature particles remained constant from this point until the end of the reaction. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Sexual Development in a Two-Year-Old Boy Induced by Topical Exposure to Testosterone

Virilization, including penile enlargement and growth of pubic hair and facial acne, developed in a 2-year-old boy over a period of months. This sexual development was induced by incidental and unintentional dermal exposure to a testosterone cream that was applied to his father's arm and back as a part of body building regimen. Except for penile size, the other signs of virilization diminished several months after the exposure was discontinued.
Modeling tissue ablation with radio frequency heating: effect of blood flow in a large vessel

Thermal ablation of a solid tumor in tissue with radio-frequency (RF) energy can be accomplished using a probe inserted into the tissue under guidance with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The extent of the ablation can be significantly reduced by heat loss from capillary perfusion and blood flow in a large vessel in the tissue. We examine these effects using a 3-D bio-heat transport model describing temperature distribution dynamics in tissue together with a 1-D model of convective-dispersive heat transport in a large (diameter>3 mm) blood vessel.
Depression in comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder

Previous findings suggested a unique role that depression symptoms might play in the comorbid relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the nature of this role remains unclear. Thus, the current study examined ways in which OCD and PTSD symptoms vary as a function of depression, as well as the mediating role of depression in the OCD-PTSD relationship, in 104 individuals seeking treatment for refractory OCD. Findings revealed that depressed individuals in the treatment-refractory OCD sample report higher levels of overall obsessing and greater severity of PTSD. In addition, depression appeared to mediate the relation between OCD and PTSD. Implications of findings are discussed.
Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Classification, and Management of Systemic Mastocytosis

Mast cell disease (MCD) or mastocytosis is a heterogenous disorder ­characterized by the abnormal growth and accumulation of morphologically and immunophenotypically abnormal mast cells in one or more organs. The clinical presentation of mastocytosis is diverse, and many patients do not fit the classical description – namely, a variably long history of urticaria pigmentosa (UP), followed by the insidious onset of flushing, cramping abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bone pain [1–3]. Other disease manifestations include osteopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and abnormalities of blood and bone marrow (BM). Unlike pediatric cases, most adults with UP-like skin lesions have systemic disease (i.e., systemic mastocytosis [SM]) at presentation, a condition generally confirmed by means of a BM biopsy [4]. Diagnosis requires BM examination including immunohistochemical stains for mast cell tryptase or CD117 (KIT receptor). More sensitive techniques to detect clonal mast cells include immunophenotyping for CD25 or mutation screening for the KIT D816V mutation.
A review of the electromagnetic properties and the full-wave analysis of the guiding structures in MMIC

A general overview of the basic electromagnetic phenomena that govern the behavior of the guiding structures in microwave/millimeter-wave integrated circuits (MMICs) is presented. With emphasis on the microstrip lines, the authors discuss the general characteristics exhibited by these guiding structures, including the effect of dispersion and discontinuities. The purposes are to provide a general overview of the basic electromagnetic phenomena that govern the behavior of these strip lines and to provide a brief description of one of the most versatile analytical methods available for treating these structures. The role of electromagnetics is strongly intertwined with the optimal design of microwave/millimeter-wave integrated circuitry. Only through accurate modeling of the field behavior can the circuit response be properly predicted. >
Long-term consequences of intraoperative spillage of bile and gallstones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with a higher incidence of iatrogenic perforation of the gallbladder than open cholecystectomy. The long-term consequences of spilled bile and gallstones are unknown. Data were collected prospectively from 1059 consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy over a 3-year period. Details of the operative procedures and postoperative course of patients in whom gallbladder perforation occurred were reviewed. Long-term follow-up (range 24 to 59 months) was available for 92% of patients. Intraoperative perforation of the gallbladder occurred in 306 patients (29%); it was more common in men and was associated with increasing age, body weight, and the presence of omental adhesions (each P < 0.001). There was no increased risk in patients with acute cholecystitis (P = 0.13). Postoperatively pyrexia was more common in patients with spillage of gallbladder contents (18% vs. 9%; P < 0.001). Of the patients with long-term follow-up, intra-abdominal abscess developed in 1 (0.6%) of 177 with spillage of only bile, and in 3 (2.9%) of 103 patients with spillage of both bile and gallstones, whereas no intra-abdominal abscesses occurred in the 697 patients in whom the gallbladder was removed intact (P < 0.001). Intraperitoneal spillage of gallbladder contents during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with an increased risk of intra-abdominal abscess. Attempts should be made to irrigate the operative field to evacuate spilled bile and to retrieve all gallstones spilled during the operative procedure.
The Temporal Behavior of Numerically Simulated Multicell-Type Storms. Part II: The Convective Cell Life Cycle and Cell Regeneration

The authors study herein the convective cell life cycle and the cell generation process in mature, multicellular squall-line storms possessing well-developed subcloud cold pools using two- and three-dimensional models. The multicellular storm establishes new cells on its forward side, in the vicinity of the forced updraft formed at the pool boundary, that first intensify and then decay as they travel rearward within the storm’s upward sloping front-to-rear airflow. The principal effort is expended on the two-dimensional case owing to the strong similarity in basic behavior seen in the two geometries. The cell life cycle is examined in several complementary fashions. The cells are shown to be convectively active entities that induce local circulations that alternately enhance and suppress the forced updraft, modulating the influx of the potentially warm inflow. This transient circulation also drives the episodic mixing of stable air into the inflow that results in the cell’s ultimate dissipation. The timing of cell regeneration is also examined; an explanation involving two separate and successive phases, each with their own timescales, is proposed. The second of these phases can be shortened if a ‘‘convective trigger,’’ another by-product of the cell’s circulation, is present in the storm’s inflow environment. Sensitivity of the results to strictly numerical model details is also discussed.
Experiencing commercialized Automated Demand Response services with a small building customer in energy market

An Automated Demand Response is the most fundamental energy service that contributes to balancing the power demand with the supply, in which it realizes extensive interoperations between the power consumers and the suppliers. The OpenADR specification has been developed to facilitate the service communications, and several facilities offer primitive forms of services in a retail market. However, few researches have reported the details of such a real-world service yet, and thus we are still unaware of how it works exactly. Instead, we rely on our textbooks to design next generations of the ADR service. To overcome the discrepancy of our understanding, this paper shares our hand-on experiences on the commercialized ADR service. In particular, we deploy smart submeters to manage energy loads and install an energy management system in a small commercial facility, helping the owner participate in the ADR service that a local utility offers. The building owner makes a service contract with a qualified load aggregator based on her curtailment rate, a reference point that decides the success of her load curtailment. With the rate, the customer facility participates in three DR events for tests that last for 2, 1, and 3 hours, respectively. Our experimental results are illustrated with discussions on various aspects of the service.
Event pattern matching over graph streams

A graph is a fundamental and general data structure underlying all data applications. Many applications today call for the management and query capabilities directly on graphs. Real time graph streams, as seen in road networks, social and communication networks, and web requests, are such applications. Event pattern matching requires the awareness of graph structures, which is different from traditional complex event processing. It also requires a focus on the dynamicity of the graph, time order constraints in patterns, and online query processing, which deviates significantly from previous work on subgraph matching as well. We study the semantics and efficient online algorithms for this important and intriguing problem, and evaluate our approaches with extensive experiments over real world datasets in four different domains.
Addition of DHA synergistically enhances the efficacy of regorafenib for kidney cancer therapy

Kidney cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the United States, and its incidence is increasing. The treatment of this malignancy took a major step forward with the recent introduction of targeted therapeutics, such as kinase inhibitors. Unfortunately, kinase inhibition is associated with the onset of resistance after 1 to 2 years of treatment. Regorafenib, like many multikinase inhibitors, was designed to block the activities of several key kinase pathways involved in oncogenesis (Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK) and tumor angiogenesis (VEGF-receptors), and we have recently shown that it also possesses soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitory activity, which may be contributing to its salutary effects in patients. Because sEH inhibition results in increases in the DHA-derived epoxydocosapentaenoic acids that we have previously described to possess anticancer properties, we asked whether the addition of DHA to a therapeutic regimen in the presence of regorafenib would enhance its beneficial effects in vivo We now show that the combination of regorafenib and DHA results in a synergistic effect upon tumor invasiveness as well as p-VEGFR attenuation. In addition, this combination showed a reduction in tumor weights, greater than each agent alone, in a mouse xenograft model of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC), yielding the expected oxylipin profiles; these data were supported in several RCC cell lines that showed similar results in vitro Because DHA is the predominant component of fish oil, our data suggest that this nontoxic dietary supplement could be administered with regorafenib during therapy for advanced RCC and could be the basis of a clinical trial. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(5); 890-8. ©2016 AACR.
Development of a Dual Lens Rotating Actuator for BD/DVD/CD Compatible Optical Pickups

We have developed a rotary-type actuator with a dual lens on a single pickup for a compatibility with BD/DVD/CD system. This actuator has improved gain margin characteristics of dual lens actuator.
Slim: A Personal Computer Based Software for Simulation of Laser Interaction with Materials

A user-friendly, personal computer (PC) based routine called SLIM [Simulation of Laser Interaction with Materials] has been developed to understand the non-equilibrium effects of high intensity, short laser pulses on different materials. By employing an accurate implicit finite difference scheme with varying spatial and temporal node dimensions, the time-dependent thermal history of laser-irradiated material can be accurately and quickly determined. This program can take into account the temperature dependent optical and thermal properties of the solid, time dependent laser pulse intensity, and formation and propagation of the melt and/or vaporization interfaces induced by intense laser irradiation. The program can also simulate thermal effects on multilayer structures exposed to pulsed laser irradiation It is expected that this simulation routine will be indispensable to all researchers working in the area of pulsed laser processing of materials, including rapid heating, melting, annealing, laser doping, laser deposition of thin films and laser solidification processing.
Some Fixed Point Theorems for Mixed Monotone Operators and the Positive Fixed Points on Cone

In this paper,we give some fixed point theorems mixed monotone operator theory,and uniquence theorems of solutions of some nonlinear operator equation . Infurther,we give the nonzero fixed pointtheorems on cone.
Ahmad-Strong synthesis of 8-, 9-, and 10-pentadecynoic acids

Three pentadecynoic acids, with the triple bond in the 8-, 9-, and 10-positions, have been synthesized on a gram scale in over-all yield of 65% by refinements of the five-step Ahmad-Strong method; isolation of intermediates was shown to be unnecessary prior to purification of the acetylenic nitriles by column chromatography on silicic acid. The melting points of the pentadecynoic acids alternate regularly and widely with position of unsaturation, in marked contrast to behavior of the homologous octadecynoic acids described by Huber.
In-ear Biosignal Recording System: A Wearable For Automatic Whole-night Sleep Staging

In this work, we present a low-cost and light-weight wearable sensing system that can monitor bioelectrical signals generated by electrically active tissues across the brain, the eyes, and the facial muscles from inside human ears. Our work presents two key aspects of the sensing, which include the construction of electrodes and the extraction of these biosignals using a supervised non-negative matrix factorization learning algorithm. To illustrate the usefulness of the system, we developed an autonomous sleep staging system using the output of our proposed in-ear sensing system. We prototyped the device and evaluated its sleep stage classification performance on 8 participants for a period of 1 month. With 94% accuracy on average, the evaluation results show that our wearable sensing system is promising to monitor brain, eyes, and facial muscle signals with reasonable fidelity from human ear canals.
Surgical treatment of aggressive vertebral hemangiomas

OBJECTIVE Vertebral hemangiomas are common tumors that are benign and generally asymptomatic. Occasionally these lesions can exhibit aggressive features such as bony expansion and erosion into the epidural space resulting in neurological symptoms. Surgery is often recommended in these cases, especially if symptoms are severe or rapidly progressive. Some surgeons perform decompression alone, others perform gross-total resection, while others perform en bloc resection. Radiation, embolization, vertebroplasty, and ethanol injection have also been used in combination with surgery. Despite the variety of available treatment options, the optimal management strategy is unclear because aggressive vertebral hemangiomas are uncommon lesions, making it difficult to perform large trials. For this reason, the authors chose instead to report their institutional experience along with a comprehensive review of the literature. METHODS A departmental database was searched for patients with a pathological diagnosis of "hemangioma" between 2008 and 2015. Medical records were reviewed to identify patients with aggressive vertebral hemangiomas, and these cases were reviewed in detail. RESULTS Five patients were identified who underwent surgery for treatment of aggressive vertebral hemangiomas during the specified time period. There were 2 lumbar and 3 thoracic lesions. One patient underwent en bloc spondylectomy, 2 patients had piecemeal gross-total resection, and the remaining 2 had subtotal tumor resection. Intraoperative vertebroplasty was used in 3 cases to augment the anterior column or to obliterate residual tumor. Adjuvant radiation was used in 1 case where there was residual tumor as well. The patient who underwent en bloc spondylectomy experienced several postoperative complications requiring additional medical care and reoperation. At an average follow-up of 31 months (range 3-65 months), no patient had any recurrence of disease and all were clinically asymptomatic, except the patient who underwent en bloc resection who continued to have back pain. CONCLUSIONS Gross-total resection or subtotal resection in combination with vertebroplasty or adjuvant radiation therapy to treat residual tumor seems sufficient in the treatment of aggressive vertebral hemangiomas. En bloc resection appears to provide a similar oncological benefit, but it carries higher morbidity to the patient.
Response of spring flora to nearly two decades of deer exclusion and resurgent woody understories within exclosures1

Abstract Exclosure studies have illustrated the profound effects overabundant populations of white-tailed deer can have on forest plant communities. However, complete exclusion of deer creates an artificial condition in most forests, and examining the long-term response of plant species composition and diversity to exclusion can provide valuable insight into the historic role of deer herbivory in forests. In 2014, we resampled spring flora and woody regeneration in a series of exclosure and control plots established in Great Smoky Mountains National Park in 1996. By comparing our data to regeneration data from 2002 and spring flora data from 2004, we were able to examine differences in vegetation at 6–8 and 18 yrs after deer exclusion. We observed a significant (P < 0.001) increase in the density of woody stems between 2002 and 2014 across all sites, with significantly more stems found within exclosures (P < 0.001). This increase in woody stem abundance within exclosures was associated with a decline in t...
Spanning Bridge Plate Fixation of Distal Radial Fractures.

Distal radial fractures constitute approximately 17% of all fractures treated in emergency rooms[1][1],[2][2]. The principles of surgical fixation have been well described and include anatomic reduction, stable construct fixation for the duration of fracture-healing, and a treatment plan that allows
Locomotion of Physarum polycephalum amoebae is guided by a short range interaction with E. coli

Studies of the behavior of Physarum polycephalum amoebae have shown that locomotion of these cells is guided by surfaces composed of aggregated bacteria. Amoebae move readily on both E. coli and agar surfaces. However, when a cell migrating on bacteria encounters an edge of the bacterial surface, the orientation of cell movement changes so that the cell maintains contact with bacteria. Time-lapse cinemicrographic studies employing wild type and mutant cells show that this behavior involves short range interactions between amoebae and bacteria, that it is not dependent on variations in the rate of phagocytosis, and that it is not a simple result of constraints on cell movement imposed by adhesive bonds between amoebae and bacteria. These results provide evidence that guidance of cell locomotion depends on active regulation of the cellular force generating system as the amoebae contact surfaces of varying characteristics and, therefore, suggest that this system is amenable to detailed studies of process involved both in cell-cell recognition and in linking such recognition to regulation of cell movement.
The Function of Dominance and Arousal in Consumer Resonance with Fashion Brand Website and Store

Well-structured brand websites can develop consumer purchase confidence and positive emotions with the brand (Park & Stoel, 2005) and further develop consumer resonances (Huang et al., 2015). The function of emotion conveyed through website attributes has received increasing attention in studying different affective states that drive consumer footprints across channels. As consumers tend to respond their emotions first before logic comes into consideration in their purchase decision (Hunt, 2011), it is timely to examine the function of emotion at a brand website that takes consumer to lead the next call to action. As the function of emotion, Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance (P-A-D) affective state model (Mehrabian & Russell, 1974) suggests that pleasure, arousal and dominance states mediate actual consumer behavior such as desire to affiliate with others in the setting, desire to stay in or escape from the setting, willingness to spend time and money, and to consume. Focusing on arousal and dominance emotional state at a brand website, this study examined which website features induce consumer's emotional state and how the emotional state influences consumer resonance, triggering the intention to purchase at the brand website or the intention to visit the brand store. By employing a total of 220 usable responses, the two steps of structural equation modeling were used to validate measurement model and to test hypotheses using AMOS 20.0. All hypothese were supported which means consumer interaction with a brand website creates emotional ties and further generates consumer resonance with the fashion brand across channels (Thomas, 2001). Product presentation and personalization are key attributes directly generating consumer arousal state, consequently increasing conversion across the fashion brand channels. In addition, privacy/security and searchandising dynamics excel the dominance emotion state, mediating arousal state and finally consumer resonance in store visit and brand website shopping.
Developing a Digital Algorithm for Cognitive Apprenticeship in First-Year Medical School Physiology

Medical school instructors face a challenge in covering high volumes of material with a large group of students, in a short period of time. Unfortunately, this often means that not all concepts will be sufficiently communicated, understood, and recalled. Internet videos (e.g., Khan Academy), have made it easier for educators to curate course content online, and while the prospect of simply shifting course material out of live instructional time towards recorded online formats is tempting, it is a zero-sum game—medical students still will grapple with overwhelming volumes of information and challenging concepts. Instead, we propose that instructors make use of existing student interactions during office hours to efficiently collect information about student mental models and then use and inexpensive presentation-recording software to create short, targeted videos that disseminate recommended alterations to the presented student mental models. We developed this algorithm in a first-year medical physiology course—which can be highly conceptual and require students to go through multiple iterations of conceptual models. 92.5% of students responded “the videos enhanced their learning in physiology. Nine-three percent of students said the videos helped explain a difficult concept. However, analysis of exam scores suggested that the videos did not improve performance. Based on this feedback, we believe that our algorithm does have a positive impact on student learning experiences, and may have an unmeasured effect on student performance. In sharing this work, we hope to encourage other medical educators to document, analyze and evaluate their pedagogical experiences, frame them in theory, and publish them in an academic format. We believe that the majority of medical educators currently teaching students have excellent training in other domains evaluation and analysis and hope to see such talents pointed towards the field of medical education.
Adaptive multi-cluster fuzzy C-means segmentation of breast parenchymal tissue in digital mammography

The relative fibroglandular tissue content in the breast, commonly referred to as breast density, has been shown to be the most significant risk factor for breast cancer after age. Currently, the most common approaches to quantify density are based on either semi-automated methods or visual assessment, both of which are highly subjective. This work presents a novel multi-class fuzzy cmeans (FCM) algorithm for fully-automated identification and quantification of breast density, optimized for the imaging characteristics of digital mammography. The proposed algorithm involves adaptive FCM clustering based on an optimal number of clusters derived by the tissue properties of the specific mammogram, followed by generation of a final segmentation through cluster agglomeration using linear discriminant analysis. When evaluated on 80 bilateral screening digital mammograms, a strong correlation was observed between algorithm-estimated PD% and radiological ground-truth of r=0.83 (p<0.001) and an average Jaccard spatial similarity coefficient of 0.62. These results show promise for the clinical application of the algorithm in quantifying breast density in a repeatable manner.
Case 95: A Percutaneous Tracheostomy

You, as the anesthesiologist on call, are called to the ICU where a 68-year-old woman (170 lbs 5′7″) is breathing spontaneously through a percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy [1]. The latter has been performed 3 days ago. Her Glasgow coma scale is 8. Her airway is considered normal and she has no dentition.
Melding Vapor-Phase Organic Chemistry and Textile Manufacturing To Produce Wearable Electronics

ConspectusBody-mountable electronics and electronically active garments are the future of portable, interactive devices. However, wearable devices and electronic garments are demanding technology platforms because of the large, varied mechanical stresses to which they are routinely subjected, which can easily abrade or damage microelectronic components and electronic interconnects. Furthermore, aesthetics and tactile perception (or feel) can make or break a nascent wearable technology, irrespective of device metrics. The breathability and comfort of commercial fabrics is unmatched. There is strong motivation to use something that is already familiar, such as cotton/silk thread, fabrics, and clothes, and imperceptibly adapt it to a new technological application.(24) Especially for smart garments, the intrinsic breathability, comfort, and feel of familiar fabrics cannot be replicated by devices built on metalized synthetic fabrics or cladded, often-heavy designer fibers. We propose that the strongest strate...
Stage III non-small cell lung cancer: escalation matters, but how?

Concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) as the standard treatment for unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has reached a therapeutic plateau. Variations in the chemotherapy backbone and addition of consolidation chemotherapy have failed to improve survival (1). Attempts to escalate radiation dose have been met with failure as well (2). As a result, the 5-year overall survival of locally advanced NSCLC has stagnated at 30–40% over the past 10–15 years. While there has been an explosion of new therapeutic strategies for metastatic NSCLC in recent years, locally advanced NSCLC is very much in need of innovation.
Optimized GC-MS metabolomics for the analysis of kidney tissue metabolites.

Metabolomics is a promising approach for discovery of relevant biomarkers in cells, tissues, organs, and biofluids for disease identification and prediction. The field has mostly relied on blood-based biofluids (serum, plasma, urine) as non-invasive sources of samples as surrogates of tissue or organ-specific conditions. However, the tissue specificity of metabolites pose challenges in translating blood metabolic profiles to organ-specific pathophysiological changes, and require further downstream analysis of the metabolites. As part of this project, we aim to develop and optimize an efficient extraction protocol for the analysis of kidney tissue metabolites representative of key primate metabolic pathways. Kidney cortex and medulla tissues of a baboon were homogenized and extracted using eight different extraction protocols including methanol/water, dichloromethane/methanol, pure methanol, pure water, water/methanol/chloroform, methanol/chloroform, methanol/acetonitrile/water, and acetonitrile/isopropanol/water. The extracts were analyzed by a two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass-spectrometer (2D GC–ToF-MS) platform after methoximation and silylation. Our analysis quantified 110 shared metabolites in kidney cortex and medulla tissues from hundreds of metabolites found among the eight different solvent extractions spanning low to high polarities. The results revealed that medulla is metabolically richer compared to the cortex. Dichloromethane and methanol mixture (3:1) yielded highest number of metabolites across both the tissue types. Depending on the metabolites of interest, tissue type, and the biological question, different solvents can be used to extract specific groups of metabolites. This investigation provides insights into selection of extraction solvents for detection of classes of metabolites in renal cortex and medulla, which is fundamentally important for identification of prognostic and diagnostic metabolic kidney biomarkers for future therapeutic applications.
Emotion regulation during learning

Learning episodes are rife with emotional experiences, so it is critical that learners regulate negative affective states as they occur. In the present study, learners were instructed to use two forms of cognitive reappraisal to regulate negative emotions that arose during a one hour learning session. Our findings suggest that cognitive reappraisal is an effective strategy for regulating emotions during learning and can help learners achieve better comprehension scores than a do-nothing control.
A Web-Services Accessible Turbulence Database and Application to A-Priori Testing of a Matrix Exponential Subgrid Model

We review a new public database of isotropic turbulence and methods of accessing it. In particular, a Web-Services Method is used that enables analysis programs running on user’s local computer to access the database with subroutine-like calls to the data over the Internet. The data are from DNS of isotropic turbulence at R λ ∼430 and contain 1 turn-over time evolution of a 10243 simulation, with 1024 stored time-steps. User-defined functions are implemented as stored procedures on the database servers, and include functions such as differentiation, interpolation, box-filtering as well as calculation of subgrid-scale stresses. These functions are used to evaluate a-priori a new subgrid scale model based on matrix exponentials proposed in Li et al. (J. Turbul. 9(31):1–29, 2008). It is found that correlation coefficients for this model are significantly higher than for eddy-viscosity closures. However, expansions of the matrix exponential can be used to relate the model to prior nonlinear models, which suggests that the increased correlation may not be dynamically significant. The need for additional public databases for wall-bounded flows, such as channel flow, is highlighted.
Prevention and Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction Utilizing Lifestyle Changes and Dietary Supplements

No conversation on dietary supplements, prescription drugs, or any conventional intervention for erectile dysfunction (ED) should ever begin without discussing lifestyle changes that may favorably impact the risk of ED A basic analogy to this situation exists for cholesterol reduction, where diet or lifestyle changes are generally the initial interventions utilized and drug therapy follows if lifestyle changes do not have a dramatic impact (1,2). Even if drug therapy is initiated, lifestyle changes should continue to be emphasized because of potential synergistic effects, and the general goal of patients should be a better quality and quantity of life and not just to treat their ED. Lifestyle changes may assist the patient in reaching these goals when initiated early and emphasized often.
Real Challenge of Data Assimilation for Tornadogenesis

Successful recent numerical simulation of tornadogenesis with horizontal resolution of the order of 10 m, O(10 m), and associated temporal resolution of O (0.1 s and 0.01 s for a time-split scheme) requires a vast amount of computer time, impractical to use the simulation model for the model constraint of variational data assimilation and ensemble Kalman filter.
LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING TECHNIQUES FOR THE HIGHER ACTINIDES

Abstract Liquid scintillation counting procedures developed in studies of the aqueous complexes of the trivalent transplutonium actinides and having 100 percent counting efficiency, high accuracy and very simple, convenient sample preparation are described. Liquid scintillation spectra are presented for 233 U, 241 Am, 243 Am, 244 Cm, 249 Bk, 252 Cf, and 253 Es taken both on a commercial liquid scintillation detector (Packard Tri-Carb) and a single-phototube instrument built for optimum energy resolution. Both instruments give a linear relationship between alpha energy peak and channel number. The commercial instrument gave an average alpha energy resolution of 26 percent while the ORNL-built detector gave 8.2 percent. Under some favorable conditions it was possible to count one actinide in the presence of others or in the presence of other radiotracer impurities. Conditions where this was possible, and examples, are given. A simple extractive scintillator consisting of scintillators plus a suitable extractant in toluene was shown to be an effective means of placing radionuclides in the scintillation medium. It was demonstrated that subsequent removal of the barren aqueous phase from contact with the scintillator was not necessary, that the same counting efficiency was obtained with and without bulk water present, and that liquid scintillation spectra obtained with bulk water present gave as good, or better, resolution than those taken from dry scintillator solutions.
The use of a quantitative cysteinyl-peptide enrichment technology for high-throughput quantitative proteomics.

Quantitative proteomic measurements are of significant interest in studies aimed at discovering disease biomarkers and providing new insights into biological pathways. A quantitative cysteinyl-peptide enrichment technology (QCET) can be employed to achieve higher efficiency, greater dynamic range, and higher throughput in quantitative proteomic studies based on the use of stable isotope-labeling techniques combined with high-resolution capillary or nano-scale liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) measurements. The QCET approach involves specific 16O/18O-labeling of tryptic peptides. high-efficiency enrichment of cysteinyl-peptides, and confident protein identification and quantification using high mass accuracy LC-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR) measurements and a previously established database of accurate mass and LC elution time information for the labeled peptides. This methodology has been initially demonstrated by using proteome profiling of naive and in vitro-differentiated human mammary epithelial cells as an example, which initially resulted in the identification and quantification of 603 proteins in a single LC-FTICR analysis. QCET provides not only highly efficient enrichment of cysteinyl-peptides for more extensive proteome coverage and improved labeling efficiency for better quantitative measurements, but more importantly, a high-throughput strategy suitable for quantitative proteome analysis where extensive or parallel proteomic measurements are required, such as in time course studies of specific pathways and clinical sample analyses for biomarker discovery.
Of Major Interest: A Page for Students and Student Major Clubs: Seniors: Would I Hire You?

(1962). Of Major Interest: A Page for Students and Student Major Clubs. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 66-67.
GPS navigation data bit decoding error during strong equatorial scintillation

Strong equatorial scintillation is often characterized by simultaneous fast phase changes and deep amplitude fading. The combined effect poses a challenge for GNSS receiver carrier tracking performance. One of the consequences of the strong scintillation is increased navigation message data bit decoding error. Understanding the rate of the data bit decoding error under equatorial scintillation is essential for high accuracy and high integrity applications. We present the statistical relationship between the data bit decoding error occurrences and the intensity of amplitude scintillation based on the processing of intermediate frequency GPS scintillation data collected on Ascension Island in March 2013. A third-order phase lock loop (PLL) is implemented to process the data and to access the data bit error typically expected in conventional receivers. A Kalman filter-based PLL is also used to process the same data to demonstrate that the data bit decoding error can be reduced through advanced carrier tracking designs.
Composite 200-mb Temperature Fields over Extratropical Cyclones 1

The composite-map technique has been employed to construct some pictures of the average horizontal temperature distribution in the lower stratosphere over cyclones which do and cyclones which do not produce secondary Lows along the east coast of the United States. This study in comparative analysis verified that a characteristic anomaly exists in the 200-mb temperature field twelve hours prior to the development of the type of east-coastal secondary cyclones studied.
Incorporating High-Impact Practices for Retention: A Learning Community Model for Transfer Students:

Transfer from one institution to another is increasingly common for students during the course of their higher education careers. The number of students moving from community colleges to four-year ...