cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expression and characterization of nonmammalian selenoprotein P in the zebrafish, Danio rerio.

Selenoprotein P is a protein of considerable intrigue, due to its unusual composition and requirements for its biosynthesis. Whereas most selenoproteins contain a single selenocysteine residue, the human, bovine and rodent selenoprotein P genes encode proteins containing 10–12 selenocysteines. Selenoprotein P genes have, to date, only been reported in mammals, and the function of the protein remains elusive. Herein, we report the identification and characterization of nonmammalian selenoprotein P in the zebrafish Danio rerio. Sequencing of the cDNA revealed the presence of 17 selenocysteine codons, the highest number reported in any protein. Two histidine-rich regions present in the mammalian selenoprotein P sequences are conserved in the zebrafish protein, and two SECIS elements are present in the 3′ untranslated region. Whole-mount in situ hybridization of zebrafish embryos revealed high levels of expression of selenoprotein P mRNA in fertilized eggs and in the yolk sac of developing embryos. Transient transfection of the cDNA in mammalian cells resulted in efficient expression of the full-length secreted selenoprotein. A single N-glycosylation site is predicted, and shown to be utilized. Discovery of selenoprotein P in the zebrafish opens a previously unavailable avenue for genetic investigation of the functions of this unusual protein.
Reliability using the universal classification of acute myocardial infarction compared to ST-segment classification

Abstract Objectives To study the inter-physician reliability using the universal classification (UC) of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) compared to the ST-segment classification (STC). The UC is based on clinical, electrocardiographic (ECG), and pathophysiologic characteristics compared to the STC, which is mainly ECG based. Methods In this registry of consecutive patients with AMI presenting to a tertiary hospital, we studied the inter-physician reliability [weighted kappa (wK)] using the UC and the STC. Two physician investigators independently classified each patient with AMI according to the UC and STC, and a third senior physician investigator resolved any disagreement. Results The study included Type 1=226 (89.7%), Type 2=16 (6.3%), Type 3=3 (1.2%), Type 4a=1 (0.4%), Type 4b=4 (1.6%), Type 5=2 (0.8%), ST-segment-elevation AMI (STEMI)=140 (55.6%), and non-ST-segment-elevation AMI (NSTEMI)=112 (44.4%). Inter-physician reliability using the UC was very good (wK=0.84, 95% CI 0.68–0.99) and using the STC was good (wK=0.78, 95% CI 0.70–0.86). Of patients with Type 1 AMI, 57.1% were STEMI and 42.9% were NSTEMI. In contrast, of patients with Type 2 AMI, 18.8% were STEMI and 81.2% were NSTEMI. Conclusion The UC is a reliable method to classify patients with AMI and performs better than the STC in this study. Validation of the two classifications should be performed in large prospective studies.
Association of insulin receptor substrate 3 with SH2 domain-containing proteins in rat adipocytes.

Abstract We have recently purified and cloned a new member of the insulin receptor substrate family, designated insulin receptor substrate 3 (IRS-3), from rat adipocytes. The amino acid sequence of IRS-3 shows multiple potential sites for tyrosine phosphorylation in motifs which engage specific SH2 domain-containing proteins. In order to determine which SH2 domain proteins complex with IRS-3, we have searched for coimmunoprecipitation from lysates of untreated and insulin-stimulated adipocytes. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 complexed with the tyrosine phosphorylated form of IRS-3, whereas the phospholipase Cγ did not, and the adaptor Grb2 did so to a much lesser extent. These findings complete the survey of SH2 domain proteins associated with each of the four known members of the IRS family and provide the framework for further analysis of the role of IRS-3 in insulin signaling.
Leadership in a World of Divided Feminism

On college campuses today, women from a variety of generations— baby boomers, generation Xers, and nexters—come together to work, learn, and lead. Women of different generations were born and raise...
Antibodies to sulfatide in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis

The identity of target antigen(s) in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains elusive despite much effort to identify it. We analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with MS, other neurological diseases (OND), other diseases (OD) and healthy controls for antibodies against purified sulfatide, a major glycosphingolipid of human myelin, by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a thin-layer chromatogram (TLC)-immunostaining technique. Elevated anti-sulfatide antibodies were significantly higher in MS patients as compared with the OND group (p<0.05) and all controls combined (P<0.025). Binding of high titer antibodies to sulfatide was confirmed with TLC-immunostaining. Anti-sulfatide antibodies were detected in all subtypes of MS although the frequency was higher in patients with secondary progressive MS (SPMS) than in patients with primary progressive (PPMS) and relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). The data demonstrate a humoral response to sulfatide in the CSF of patients with MS.
Phenotypic and functional characterization of CD8+ T cell clones specific for a mouse cytomegalovirus epitope

A series of CD8(+) T cell clones, specific for the IE1 epitope YPHFMPTNL, of the immediate-early protein 1 of the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) were generated in order to determine their protective activity against this infection and correlate their phenotypic markers with antiviral activity. We found that the adoptive transfer of three of these anti-MCMV CD8(+) T cell clones into irradiated naive mice resulted in protection against challenge, while another CD8(+) T cell clone, of the same specificity, failed to confer protection. The clones that conferred protection against lethal challenge reduced greatly viral replication in the lung and other organs of the mice. Using one of the protective anti-MCMV CD8(+) T cell clones we found that in order to be fully protective the cells had to be transferred to recipient mice no later than 1 day after MCMV challenge. The adoptive transfer of these CD8(+) T cell clones also protected CD4(+) T-cell-depleted mice. Phenotypic characterization of the anti-MCMV clones revealed that the nonprotective clone expressed very low levels of CD8 molecules and produced only small amounts of TNF-alpha upon antigenic stimulation. Most importantly, our current study demonstrates that this MHC class I-restricted IE1 epitope of MCMV is efficiently presented to CD8(+) T cell clones in vivo and further strengthens the possibility of the potential use of CD8(+) T cell clones as immunotherapeutic tools against cytomegalovirus-induced disease.
Neurotrophins regulate dendritic growth in developing visual cortex

Abstract Although dendritic growth and differentiation are critical for the proper development and function of neocortex, the molecular signals that regulate these processes are largely unknown. The potential role of neurotrophins was tested by treating slices of developing visual cortex with NGF, BDNF, NT-3, or NT-4 and by subsequently visualizing the dendrites of pyramidal neurons using particle-mediated gene transfer. Specific neurotrophins increased the lenght and complexity of dendrites of defined cell populations. Basal dendrites of neurons in each cortical layer responded most strongly to a single neurotrophin: neurons in layer 4 to BDNF and neurons in layers 5 and 6 to NT-4. In contrast, apical dendrites responded to a range of neurotrophins. On both apical and basal dendrites, the effects of the TrkB receptor ligands, BDNF and NT-4, were distinct. The spectrum of neurotrophic actions and the laminar specificity of these actions implicate endogenous neurotrophins as regulatory signals in the development of specific dendritic patterns in mammalian neocortex.
Novel dopamine releasing response of an anti-convulsant agent with possible anti-Parkinson’s activity

We used cerebral microdialysis to assess the ability of the anticonvulsant drug Zonisamide (ZNS) to release striatal dopamine in 6-hydroxydopamine nigrotomized rats. Following exogeneously administered ZNS we measured dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) levels in striatal dialysates obtained from the ipsilateral side of the nigrotomy. ZNS administration alone had no effect on levels of DA and its metabolites or rotational behavior. Administration of carbidopa-levodopa alone led to small but insignificant increases in rotational behavior contralateral to the side of the nigrotomy but no corresponding increases in indices of striatal catecholamine release. In contrast, if animals were preloaded with carbidopa and ZNS was co-administered with levodopa 30 minutes later significant increases in contralateral rotational behavior occurred within 20 minutes of ZNS-levodopa injection that lasted for at least 90 minutes. In contrast to the uniform rotational behavioral responses observed in all our nigrotomized animals, less than half demonstrated neurochemical evidence of DA release. In these "responder" animals DOPAC levels increased 300% following carbidopa-levodopa-ZNS administration. We conclude that these results support previously reported findings and provide additional evidence that the anticonvulsant ZNS appears to possess anti-Parkinson's properties. ZNS could therefore be a novel agent for the treatment of PD that could delay the use of or reduce the amount of levodopa needed to treat patients with PD.
Effects of the surfactant tween 80 on enzymatic hydrolysis of newspaper

The effects of Tween 80 on the enzymatic hydrolysis of newspaper were tested. By monitoring sugar production it was found that the surfactant (0.1%) increased the rate and extent of cellulose saccharification. Consequently, the rate of enzyme usage in the hydrolysis reactor was improved by 33%. In addition, in the presence of surfactant the recovery of enzymes was higher. Analysis of the enzyme solution showed that with Tween 80 present larger fractions of enzyme remained in solution throughout hydrolysis. Thus, it appears that the surfactant hindered the immobilization of the enzymes on the substrates by reducing the strength of adsorption.
Effect of Online Journal Club on Evidence-Based Practice Knowledge, Intent, and Utilization in School Nurses

Background: In the United States, an estimated 73,697 school nurses provide leadership in the provision of health care in the school setting. School nurses face challenges, such as providing quality health care in an educational setting and working in isolation. Journal clubs are one strategy to help incorporate evidence into practice. Aim: An online school nurse journal club for school nurses was conducted as a pilot project to determine feasibility for replication and potential expansion. Objectives: To determine if an online journal club changed knowledge of, and intent to use evidence. To determine if school nurses used the evidence in practice and felt more connected to colleagues. Methods: Three synchronous online journal club sessions were conducted for school nurses across three states. Thirty-five registered nurses enrolled and participation varied by session. Self-report surveys were used. Results: Participants increased their knowledge of evidence-based practice and shared evidence with stakeholders. Participants intended to and did use evidence in practice, including prioritizing based on evidence. Collegial connections increased. One of the most successful features was connecting authors of the articles directly to participants. Conclusions: A school nurse online journal club is one strategy to bring evidence to practitioners. Technology exists for nurses experiencing practice isolation to connect through online avenues. Nursing researchers, educators, and administrators seeking to disseminate research to school nurses or other clinical specialties could replicate or expand this project. Expanding online journal clubs would allow busy clinicians to connect with colleagues and researchers to integrate evidence into practice.
NAD^+ stimulated the spermidine-dependent hypusine formation on the 18 kDa protein in cytosolic lysates derived from NB-15 mouse neuroblastoma cells

When incubated with cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells under growth stimulatory condition, [3H]putrescine or [3H]spermidine can metabolically label a cellular protein of apparent molecular mass 18 kDa. The labeling, which leads to hypusine formation, is due to a covalent linkage between a lysine residue and the butylamino group derived from spermidine. This reaction can be demonstrated in the cytosolic fractions obtained from cells whose spermidine pool was depleted by prior treatment with α-difluoromethylornithine. In an effort to characterize the enzyme system involved in this unique post-translational modification, we found that NAD+ at 0.1 mM stimulated labeling more than 150-fold. Other nucleotides such as NADP+, ATP and GTP were ineffective. The fact that NAD+ dramatically stimulated labeling of the 18 kDa protein indicated that the enzyme involved in hypusine formation may be an NAD+-requiring enzyme.
Defining the Role of Academic Advising in the Industrial Setting: The Next Phase

The turning of the calendar to 1981, in itself not an unexpected event, has been nevertheless the occasion for peering into the future to see what our world is becoming. On the basis of sound statistical indicators as well as more philosophical musings, higher education professionals have come to believe that higher education's viability depends on predicting oncoming events and developments. We have become a profession of futurists. If one accepts the proposition that anticipating the future is indeed a vital necessity in managing our programs and our institutions in the 1980's, we must become more skilled at describing the probable future, at assessing implications for today's decisions, and at integrating an evolving view of the future into evolving programs and institutions. Furthermore, we need to distinguish accurately those forces more or less inevitable and those forces that we may shape or alter through shrewd planning and decision-making. In effect, we need a conceptual framework for thinking about the future even a crudely formed one and a set of criteria for guiding our decisions. In an important, though neglected, area of higher education, academic advising, we will apply the logic of futuristic thinking. What environmental factors will affect academic advising in the 1980's? What areas are susceptible to shaping through our decision? What goals are the most realistic and the most appropriate? How d o we affect change?
Postpartum magnesium sulfate prophylaxis: a prospective trial utilizing clinical parameters to indicate duration of therapy for hypertensive diseases of pregnancy

Abstract Objective: To utilize patient clinical parameters to signal safe cessation of postpartum magnesium sulfate seizure prophylaxis for the spectrum of pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders. Methods: A prospective trial using clinical symptoms (absence of headache, visual changes, epigastric pain) and signs (sustained blood pressure less than 150/100, spontaneous diuresis) was used to signal safe cessation of intravenous magnesium sulfate postpartum in gravidas with preeclampsia, eclampsia, and HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count) syndrome. Laboratory assessments (including proteinuria) were not used as criteria for drug discontinuation. Results: Five hundred three patients were enrolled and classified according to ACOG criteria for hypertensive disease. Maternal age, gestational age, and hours of magnesium therapy before delivery were not statistically significant among groups. There was no significant difference in the duration of postpartum magnesium sulfate therapy among groups, with the average duration of therapy 7.04 ± 8.17 hours. No eclamptic seizures occurred after magnesium discontinuation. Conclusion: Clinical criteria can be used successfully and safely to shorten the duration of postpartum magnesium sulfate administration for seizure prophylaxis in patients with pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders.
Reversal by Mercaptoethanol of Protective Effect of Solutes Against Frost Injury of Red Cabbage

In confirmation of Maximov's earlier results, non-penetrating (sucrose) and penetrating (dimethylsulfoxide) substances lowered the frost killing temperature from -6°C in the control to -11° to -24°C, depending on the concentration. In contrast to his results, neither glycerol nor CaCl2 provided as good or as consistent protection. The addition of 0.05 M mercaptoethanol overcame this protective effect either completely (low concentrations of protectant) or partially (high concentrations). The effect of the mercaptoethanol occurs during freezing and not during thawing. Since ethanol, without the mercapto-(SH) group, does not counteract the protective effect, such protection must be related in some way to the sulfhydryl group — perhaps by an effect on the disulfide and sulfhydryl groups of the proteins.
Will Layered Double Hydroxides Give Nanocomposites with Polar or Non-polar Polymers?

A preliminary study to determine the compatibility of organically-modified magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxides with polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and poly(methyl methacrylate) was carried out by melt blending of the polymers with the layered double hydroxide. Only in the case of poly(methyl methacrylate) was good dispersion and nanocomposite formation obtained. The morphology of all the four systems was examined using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy; the systems were also characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimetry. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applicability of simple expressions for bridge system reliability assessment

The performance of a structural system can often be represented by a single limit state function based on probabilistic finite element analysis; in this case, the associated system reliability index can be computed by using first-order second-moment method (FOSM). This method is exact if both the load effects and the system resistance follow normal or lognormal distributions. However, the amount of error introduced can be significant when the random variables follow distributions other than normal or lognormal. In fact, it is reasonable to represent the maximum intensity of the live loads on bridge structures using extreme value distribution especially when supported by truck load survey data. In this paper, the amount of error associated with the simple expressions based on FOSM to compute system reliability index is investigated. The system reliability index, for a selected bridge superstructure under extreme value type I largest random live loads and lognormal system resistance, is computed for varying coefficients of variation and mean values of the load effect and the system resistance using the first order reliability method (FORM) and the simple expressions based on FOSM. The amount of error introduced by using these expressions instead of FORM is presented.
The synthesis of functional star copolymers as an illustration of the importance of controlling polymer structures in the design of new materials

Several different methods for the synthesis of star copolymers employing atom transfer radical polymerization are presented. They include core-first and arm-first methods, and a combination of both to prepare mikto-arm stars. Stars with a well-defined number of arms were prepared by using a core with a precise number of functional groups, and ill-defined stars were prepared from hyperbranched cores. In addition, end-functional stars were prepared by either displacing end-functional halogens or through radical addition with unreactive functional alkenes. Another approach to end-functional stars employs functional initiators and the subsequent coupling of the end-functional arms with difunctional vinyl monomers. Star-like backbones were also used to grow star-like macromolecular brushes that were visualized by AFM. The polydispersities of individual arms and entire stars followed Schulz-Flory statistics.
Mechanism of Action of Phenolic Disinfectants VII: Factors Affecting Binding of Phenol Derivatives to Micrococcus lysodeikticus Cells

Whole cells of Micrococcus lysodeikticus ATCC 4698 bound approximately 2–4 per cent of phenol- 14 C (P- 14 C), 20 per cent of 2,4-dichlorophenol- 14 C (DCP- 14 C), and 30 per cent of p - tert -amylphenol- 14 C (PTAP- 14 C) when exposed to the latter in trace amounts. Protoplasts bound approximately 20 per cent less, respectively, of each of the phenol derivatives. With increasing pH (from 4.9 to 9.6), whole cells bound decreasing amounts of DCP- 14 C, but binding of P- 14 C and PTAP- 14 C was relatively constant over the same pH range. Human serum decreased binding of DCP- 14 C and PTAP- 14 C by M. lysodeikticus cells and a similar effect, although less marked, was found with crystalline human serum albumin. The decrease was proportional to protein concentration. Human serum γ globulin in the same concentration as serum albumin did not reduce binding of the labeled phenols to the bacterial cells while a sonic disintegrate of M. lysodeikticus cells caused some reduction in binding.
Determination of dantrolene in biological specimens containing drug-related metabolites

A sensitive and specific method is described for the determination of dantrolene, a new skeletal muscle relaxant. Method specificity for dantrolene in the presence of dantrolene-related metabolites is based on a combination of solvent extractions, chromatography, and the fluorescence characteristics of dantrolene. The method is satisfactory for use with plasma, blood, urine, bile, tissues, and feces. Modifications of the dantrolene method are also provided for estimating two dantrolene-related metabolites in biological fluids.
Training advanced writing skills: The case for deliberate practice.

The development of advanced writing skills has been neglected in schools of the United States, with even some college graduates lacking the level of ability required in the workplace (National Commission on Writing, 2003, 2004). The core problem, we argue, is an insufficient degree of appropriate task practice distributed throughout the secondary and higher education curriculum. We draw on the power law of skill acquisition, the role of deliberate practice in expert performance, and the uniquely intensive demands that advanced written composition place on working memory to make this case. A major impediment to assigning enough writing tasks is the time and effort involved in grading papers to provide feedback. We close by considering possible solutions to the grading problem.
Alpha blocking latency and reaction time in schizophrenics and normals.

-7 schizophrenics and 8 normal controls were administered reaction time (RT) trials while alpha (8 to 13 cps) waves were visible from the right motor parietal EEG leads. Under these conditions, schizophrenics were significantly faster than normals in alpha blocking larency (ABL) on this and the other two recorded channels. N o differences occurred in RT. Mean RT was significantly correlated with mean ABL only when blocked trials and diminished trials were correlated separately. lntrasubject correlations between RT and ABL were nor significant. The findings were discussed in terms of the concepts of arousal by Venables and by Goldsrein and Sugerman.
Connective tissue diseases: Targeting B cells in SLE: good news at last!

After a half-century wait, a new drug has been approved for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. The success of belimumab could bolster the feasibility of B-cell-targeted approaches to treating the disease.
Phase II trial of cisplatin and etoposide in patients with metastatic melanoma.

Fourteen patients with metastatic melanoma were treated with cisplatin and etoposide by bolus intravenous infusion daily for 5 consecutive days each month. All patients were evaluable for toxicity and twelve for response. Eight patients were treated with cisplatin 20 mg/m2 and etoposide 100 mg/m2 daily. Because of excessive myelosuppression, the daily dose of etoposide was reduced to 75 mg/m2 in the remaining six patients. There were no major responses among 12 evaluable patients (major response rate ≤ 24% with 95% confidence). The median time to progression was one month. One patient with a liver metastasis had a minor response lasting 6 + months. The combination of cisplatin and etoposide in these doses and schedule lacked sufficient clinical efficacy in the treatment of metastatic melanoma.
Stability of Corpectomy With Anterior Cervical Plating Depends on the Angular Placement of the Screws: An FE Model Study

The stability of the plate-screw constructs as well as the stresses and strains in the implant and bone graft depend on many factors including the angular positioning of the screws with respect to the end plate attached to the vertebra. It is hypothesized that the placement of the screw parallel to the endplates provide greater stability and reduced stresses in the implant and bone graft as compared to constructs in which the screws are placed oblique with respect to the end plates.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
The Local Lyα Forest. IV. Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph G140M Spectra and Results on the Distribution and Baryon Content of H I Absorbers

We present Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) G140M spectra of 15 extragalactic targets, which we combine with GHRS/G160M data to examine the statistical properties of the low-z Lyα forest. With STIS, we detect 109 Lyα absorbers at significance level (SL) of ≥4 σ over 0.002 240 mA) absorbers, the number density of low- absorbers at z = 0 is well above the extrapolation of d/dz from z > 2. However, log = 1.40 ± 0.08 for > 240 mA is 25% below the value obtained by the HST QSO Key Project, a difference that may arise from line blending. The slowing of the number density evolution of high- Lyα clouds is not as great as previously measured, and the break to slower evolution may occur later than previously suggested (z ~ 1.0 rather than 1.6). We find a 7.2 σ excess in the two-point correlation function (TPCF) of Lyα absorbers for velocity separations Δv ≤ 260 km s-1, which is exclusively due to the higher column density clouds. From our previous result that higher column density Lyα clouds cluster more strongly with galaxies, this TPCF suggests a physical difference between the higher and lower column density clouds in our sample. The systematic error produced by cosmic variance on these results increases the total errors on derived quantities by ~.
Non-medical out-of-pocket expenses incurred by families during their child’s hospitalization

Little is known about the nonmedical out of pocket expenses (NOOPEs) incurred by families of hospitalized children. The purpose of this study is to help nurses, other healthcare providers, hospital administrators, and policymakers better understand the NOOPEs incurred by families during their child's hospitalization. Parents of children (n = 50) who underwent orthopedic surgery at a major tertiary-care children's hospital reported all NOOPEs incurred during their child's hospitalization. Descriptive statistics and univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the data. The total NOOPEs ranged from $17.00 to $4745.00 (M = $736.21) per hospitalization, with 2096 missed hours from work. Length of stay, gross family income, distance from the hospital, and Hollingshead score are significant predictors of expenses (F-ratio = 732.88, p < 0.001). Hospitalization is associated with numerous NOOPEs. Future research needs to investigate the total array of expenses to families.
SU‐FF‐T‐152: Independent Dosimetric Validation of Novalis IMRT and Dynamic Conformal Plans Using PHILIPS Pinnacle3Treatment Planning System

Purpose: To study and validate the calculated dose distributions generated from Novalis inverse treatment planning system using PHILIPS Pinnacle3treatment planning system. Method & Materials: A total of 60 clinical Novalis plans comprising of 41 Dynamic Arc and 19 IMRT plans were selected in this study. The CTimages for the individual cases were exported to Pinnacle3treatment planning system via network. A software script was developed to extract beam segments including MLC jaws, gantry, collimator and couch angles and monitor units from the RTP file generated by Novalis inverse planning system. The segmentation of MLC‐based IMRT plans from Novalis system was imported into the Pinnacle3 using the above software. The prescription and beam weights were set to reflect the treatment plan computed by the Novalis system. In all the above clinical cases, the dose distributions were computed and analyzed for homogeneous dose calculations. Results: The dosimetric results of all the above clinical cases have been analyzed. It was found that the agreement between the two systems at the isocenter dose was 1.00 ± 0.028. In addition, the shapes of isodose lines in the three principal planes( axial, coronal and sagittal) were qualitatively agreed in both the systems Conclusion: This study helps in validating the Novalis IMRT and Dynamic Conformal plans on Pinnacle3 which is well tested and documented on its convolution algorithm. These results indicate that the approach is robust and valuable for routine clinical IMRT plan validations as it takes account of entire clinical data set for the individual cases.
A revision of Herennia (Araneae : Nephilidae : Nephilinae), the Australasian 'coin spiders'

The nephilid ‘coin spiders’ (Herennia Thorell) are known for their arboricolous ladder webs, extreme sexual size dimorphism and peculiar sexual biology. This paper revises Herennia taxonomy, systematics, biology and biogeography. The widespread Asian Herennia multipuncta (Doleschall) ( = H. sampitana Karsch, new synonymy; = H. mollis Thorell, new synonymy) is synanthropic and invasive, whereas the other 10 species are narrowly distributed Australasian island endemics: H. agnarssoni, sp. nov. is known from Solomon Islands; H. deelemanae, sp. nov. from northern Borneo; H. etruscilla, sp. nov. from Java; H. gagamba, sp. nov. from the Philippines; H. jernej, sp. nov. from Sumatra; H. milleri, sp. nov. from New Britain; H. oz, sp. nov. from Australia; H. papuana Thorell from New Guinea; H. sonja, sp. nov. from Kalimantan and Sulawesi; and H. tone, sp. nov. from the Philippines. A phylogenetic analysis of seven species of Herennia, six nephilid species and 15 outgroup taxa scored for 190 morphological and behavioural characters resulted in 10 equally parsimonious trees supporting the monophyly of Nephilidae, Herennia, Nephila, Nephilengys and Clitaetra, but the sister-clade to the nephilids is ambiguous. Coin spiders do not fit well established biogeographic lines (Wallace, Huxley) dividing Asian and Australian biotas, but the newly drawn ‘Herennia line’ suggests an all-Australasian speciation in Herennia. To explain the peculiar male sexual behaviour (palpal mutilation and severance) known in Herennia and Nephilengys, three specific hypotheses based on morphological and behavioural data are proposed: (1) broken embolic conductors function as mating plugs; (2) bulb severance following mutilation is advantageous for the male to avoid hemolymph leakage; and (3) the eunuch protects his parental investment by fighting off rival males.
I like you but I don't know why: Objective facial resemblance to significant others influences snap judgments

Abstract Does a new person's objective facial resemblance to a significant other influence snap judgments of liking, and if so, does this effect occur even when individuals are not consciously aware of the resemblance? Participants (romantic couples) made trait judgments about 24 novel faces, each shown for 500 ms. Objective facial resemblance was manipulated using morphing techniques such that half of the novel faces resembled participants' partner and half did not. We found that women's evaluations of novel men who resembled their partner (vs. those who did not) were more positive, but men's evaluations of novel women were not appreciably affected by facial resemblance. These results held even when individuals were not consciously aware of the resemblance. Moreover, the effect of facial resemblance on judgments of liking was more pronounced for individuals who were more satisfied in their relationship, suggesting that these results were due to activating the specific partner representation (rather than familiarity). This research shows that objective facial resemblance to a significant other influences snap judgments of liking automatically, effortlessly, and without conscious awareness.
Predation of Ataenius spretulus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Eggs and Grubs by Species of Carabidae and Staphylinidae on Golf Courses in Michigan

Abstract Ataenius spretulus (Haldeman) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is more abundant and causes greater damage to golf course fairways than roughs. An inverse relationship between the density of predatory insects and the density of A. spretulus grubs on golf courses was previously reported. Here we investigate if the most abundant predators found on golf courses consume A. spretulus eggs and grubs. Eight of the most common species of carabids and staphylinids were individually placed into petri dishes containing insect eggs and A. spretulus grubs. Most carabids and staphylinids except Apocellus sphaericollis (Say) consumed immature A. spretulus. Harpalus affinus (Schrank) adults and Philonthus sp. larvae consumed 100% of available A. spretulus grubs in all replicates. Natural predation was measured by the release and recovery of A. spretulus grubs in the field. In 1999, more grubs were naturally removed from soil cores in the rough compared with the fairway. In 2000, more grubs were naturally removed from u...
The hybrid rich-burn/lean-burn engine

This paper describes a new low-emissions engine concept called the hybrid rich-burn/lean-burn (HRBLB) engine. In this concept a portion of the cylinders of a multicylinder engine are fueled with a very rich natural gas--air mixture. The remaining cylinders are operated with a lean mixture of natural gas and air and supplemented with the rich combustion exhaust. The goal of this unique concept is the production of extremely low NO{sub x} (e.g., 5 ppm when corrected to 15% exhaust oxygen content). This is a accomplished by operating outside the combustion limits where NO{sub x} is produced. In rich combustion an abundance of hydrogen and carbon monoxide is produced. Catalyst treatment of the rich exhaust can be employed to increase the hydrogen concentration and decrease the carbon monoxide concentration simultaneously. The hydrogen-enriched exhaust is used to supplement the lean mixture cylinders to extend the lean limit of combustion, and thus produces ultralow levels of NO{sub x}. Results to date have shown NO{sub x} levels as low as 8 ppm at 15% oxygen can be achieved with good combustion stability and thermal efficiency.
Self-prescribing of noncontrolled substances among pharmacists.

Pharmacists are among the health care practitioners with the greatest access to medications. Similarly, they possess impressive knowledge of prescription drugs and their use in the treatment of various ailments. Both general drug knowledge and access to prescription medications may increase the
Redesigning continental-scale monitoring networks

Abstract To address the problem of redesigning an existing continental-scale monitoring network, a method is given for optimally adding sites to a subregion of the continent so that both the mean relative error of estimation (estimate standard error divided by estimate) over the subregion and the standard deviation of the relative error estimate at the subregion's center are minimized. The method consists of two steps. First, the region is divided into disjoint subregions having homogeneous climatic/ecological characteristics. Then, for each subregion, optimal site locations are found by minimizing the dual objective function composed of the subregion's mean relative error and the standard deviation of a simulated relative error estimate at the subregion's center. The relative error with new sites is calculated by a moving window kriging algorithm that accounts for spatial trebd and heterogeneous spatial covariance through the use of data from the existing network. This method is applied to the problem of adding new sites to the U.S. National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network using wet sulfate deposition data. It is found that for many of the subregions employed, on the order of a hundred new sites may be needed to reduce the subregion mean relative error by 5%. The subregion-center relative error standard deviation, however, can be reduced by about 50% in most subregions by the addition of no more than 10 sites. A subregion-based redesign method may be preferable to a region-based method when (a) network design goal priorities differ across subregions, and/or (b) network performance measures calculated over the entire region are insignificantly affected by the addition of a small number of new sites.
A nested logit model of automobile holdings for one vehicle households

Abstract This paper presents a model of automobile choice by single vehicle households. This effort is distinguished from previous disaggregate automobile holdings models primarily by the use of the nested logit model rather than the more restrictive multinomial logit model. We present a 2-step estimation technique that provides consistent and asymptotically efficient parameter estimates, yet is tractable for very large choice sets. Using disaggregate data on 237 one-vehicle households we estimate the unknown parameters on an automobile choice model containing 785 individual makes, models and vintages of passenger vehicles.
ELASTIC SCATTERING OF 340-MeV PROTONS BY DEUTERONS

The differential cross section for the elastic scattering of 340-Mev protons by deuterons has been measured at eight angles from 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 150\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} in the center-of-mass system. A coincidence counting system using scintillation counters detected both product particles, the elastic effect being separated from the inelastic through identification of the scattered deuterons by photographically recorded pulse heights produced in a counter telescope. The resulting cross section is, at 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, 2.2 mb/steradian; 40\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, 0.89; 50\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, 0.39; 70\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, 0.11; 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, 0.047; 110\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, 0.042; 130\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, 0.047; and 150\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, 0.099, in center-of-mass units. The total (statistical and systematic) errors range from 15 to 24%. The total elastic cross section is estimated to be 6.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2 mb. Problems of interpretation using the impulse approximation are discussed; the sticking factor is calculated for three different $n\ensuremath{-}p$ potentials. At scattering angles of 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 40\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} there appears to be very little interference effect between $n\ensuremath{-}p$ and $p\ensuremath{-}p$ scattering. The interference is perhaps slightly destructive.
The multi-channelled pylorus

The entity of multiple pyloric channels may be congenital but the majority are acquired lesions representing fistulae secondary to peptic ulcer disease in the pyloroduodenal region. The fistula usually joins the lesser curvature of the stomach with the superior aspect of the duodenal bulb. The multichannelled pylorus produces a characteristic radiological appearance on barium meal examination with a double or split barium column in the region of the pylorus. Four cases are described and illustrated.
A reexamination of phonon transport through a nanoscale point contact in vacuum

Using a silicon nitride cantilever with an integral silicon tip and a microfabricated platinum–carbon resistance thermometer located close to the tip, a method is developed to concurrently measure both the heat transfer through and adhesion energy of a nanoscale point contact formed between the sharp silicon tip and a silicon substrate in an ultrahigh vacuum atomic force microscope at near room temperature. Several models are used to evaluate the contact area critical for interpreting the interfacial resistance. Near field-thermal radiation conductance was found to be negligible compared to the measured interface thermal conductance determined based on the possible contact area range. If the largest possible contact area is assumed, the obtained thermal interface contact resistance can be explained by a nanoconstriction model that allows the transmission of phonons from the whole Brillouin zone of bulk Si with an average finite transmissivity larger than 0.125. In addition, an examination of the quantum thermal conductance expression suggests the inaccuracy of such a model for explaining measurement results obtained at above room temperature.
Therapeutic yield and outcomes of a community teaching hospital Code Stroke Protocol

Objectives: To describe the experience of a community teaching hospital emergency department (ED) Code Stroke Protocol (CSP) for identifying acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients and treating them with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and to compare outcome measures with those achieved in the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) trial. Methods: This study was a retrospective review from a hospital CSP registry. Results: Over a 56-month period, CSP activation occurred 255 times, with 24% (n = 60) of patients treated with intravenous (IV) tPA. The most common reasons for thrombolytic therapy exclusion were mild or rapidly improving symptoms in 37% (n = 64), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in 23% (n = 39), and unconfirmed symptom onset time for 14% (n = 24) of patients. Within 36 hours of IV tPA treatment, 10% (NINDS = 6%) of patients (n = 6) sustained a symptomatic ICH (SICH). Three months after IV tPA treatment, 60% of patients had achieved an excellent neurologic outcome, based on a Barthel Index of $95 (NINDS = 52%), while mortality measured 12% (NINDS = 17%). Among IV tPAtreated patients, those developing SICH were significantly older and had a significantly higher mean initial glucose value. Treatment protocol violations occurred in 32% of IV tPA-treated patients but were not significantly associated with SICH (Fisher’s exact test). Conclusions: Over the study period, the CSP yielded approximately one IV tPA-treated patient for every four screened and, despite prevalent protocol violations, attained three-month functional outcomes equal to those achieved in the NINDS trial. For community teaching hospitals, ED-directed CSPs are a feasible and effective means to screen AIS patients for treatment with thrombolysis. Key words: cerebrovascular accident; thrombolytic therapy; tissue plasminogen activator; emergency medicine. ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2004; 11:361‐370. Since publication of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) trial and the Food and Drug Administration’s approval of tPA as a treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS), concerns have been raised regarding the clinical feasibility and effectiveness of tPA treatment for AIS in routine clinical practice. 1‐4 Although many hospitals with abundant stroke care personnel have developed ‘‘stroke teams’’ to ensure the rapid availability of expertise and resources required to safely and effectively administer this therapy, such an option does not exist for many hospitals. 5‐10 For such hospitals, emergency depart
A New Negative-Tone, UV Lithography Photoresist for Fabrication of Ultra-High-Aspect-Ratio Microstructures

We report a new type of negative-tone photoresist in this paper. The resist is based on the composite of EPON resins 154 165 (both from Hexion Specialty Chemicals, Inc., Columbus, OH 43215). These two epoxy resins were mixed in an optimal ratio and dissolved into the gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) solvent. The mixture was then photosensitized by adding a given amount of triaryl sulfonium salt to obtain the new negative tone photoresist that can be used in for ultra high aspect ratio microstructures with UV lithography. The preliminary study has found that microstructures with height of more than 1000 μm and feature sizes of 10 μm (aspect-ratios of more than 100) can be obtained using the new resist film with ultraviolet lithography. The microstructures have excellent sidewall quality. In this paper, both the material properties and lithography properties of this new type of UV resist will be presented. The potential applications of the new resist in microfabrication and MEMS systems are also discussed.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Normal Radiographic Findings After Foreign Body Aspiration When the History Counts

Foreign body aspiration in children is frequently associated with unilateral emphysema or atelectasis on chest x-ray. Two cases are reported of tracheal or bilateral foreign bodies in which the original chest x-rays were read as normal, but the history was suggestive of the foreign body aspiration. Early bronchoscopy can prevent the long-term morbidity that results from unrecognized tracheobronchial foreign bodies.
Genetic analysis of an NTP-binding motif in poliovirus polypeptide 2C.

Abstract Poliovirus polypeptide 2C is a nonstructural protein involved in replication of the viral genome. Analysis of the primary amino acid sequence of 2C shows homology to a family of proteins which contain a nucleoside-triphosphate (NTP)-binding motif. This motif consists of elements “A” ( 2 5 hydrophobic stretch) G/AXXGXGKS/T, where X stands for any amino acid, and “B” ( 3 5 hydrophobic stretch) D or DD/E. To assess the significance of the consensus sequence in 2C, we have engineered point mutations into the most conserved residues in the A and B sites and tested their effect on viral RNA replication in vivo and translation in vitro. Whereas in vitro translation of synthetic RNAs carrying mutations in the NTP-binding motif showed efficient processing of all viral proteins, indistinguishable from that of the parental strain, transfection of the RNAs into HeLa cells did not give rise to infectious virus. No viral RNA replication could be detected in cells transfected with mutant RNAs. However, revenants to the wild-type genotype in the A and B sites were obtained which gave rise to wild-type RNA synthesis, but pseudorevertants or second-site suppressors were not observed. Thus, viral RNA synthesis is greatly reduced but not entirely abolished in cells transfected with mutant RNAs. These results strongly suggest a functional role for the proposed NTP-binding motif of 2C in RNA replication and proliferation of poliovirus.
Preparation of actinide targets for the synthesis of transactinide elements

Abstract We describe a new process for producing actinide targets suitable for heavy-ion bombardment. The targets have been prepared by vacuum sublimation of the actinide trifluorides onto substrates of thin Be or Al foils. Areal densities of up to 2.4 mg/cm 2 have been easily attained for targets 6 mm in diameter. By this process, we have prepared over thirty targets of 241 Am, 248 Cm, 249 Bk and 249 Cf, and have bombarded these with heavy ions ranging from 12 C to 48 Ca. The apparatus and method of subliming the actinide and lanthanide trifluorides are described and an illustration of the advantages (discovery of element 106) of such targets is presented.