cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distinct spike discharges in the evoked cortical response of the light adapted cat.

Abstract Following adaptation to white background illumination, photic stimulation produced several spike-like discharges situated between the primary and secondary complexes. With fixed stimulus intensity and serially augmented levels of light adaptation these discharges were found to increase in amplitude. The potentials may be divided into two groups: early and late spikes. The former were produced at higher levels of light adaptation, the latter at a low levels of adaptation. Bilateral, ipsilateral and contralateral stimulation and light adaptation studies indicated that the discharges occurred only when the stimulus and adapting light were presented to the same eye. The discharges were affected by Nembutal administration.
ADP-induced binding of phosphofructokinase to the brain mitochondrial membrane.

Abstract Phosphofructokinase (ATP: D -fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.11) is bound to purified brain mitochondria in the presence of 20 mM ADP. ATP also causes binding, but the maximum effect is observed at much higher concentration (100 mM). Fructose-6-P had no effect and inorganic phosphate caused a small amount of solubilization. Homogenates, prepared in the presence of ADP had 60% of the phosphofructokinase activity bound to particulate material (mitochondria and microsomes) as compared to 20% when the homogenate was prepared in the absence of ADP. These results could be significant, since they would place phosphofructokinase on the mitochondrial membrane close to the source of ATP during times of increased glycolytic flux.
A Product-Process Matrix for Electronic B2C Operations: Implications for the Delivery of Customer Value

Electronic business-to-customer (B2C) operations are making it possible for companies to deliver service products—conceptualized as bundles of physical goods, offline services, and digital content—to customers almost anywhere and at any time. In this article, the authors develop a product-process matrix for electronic B2C operations. The building blocks of the matrix are an electronic service product structure and an electronic service process structure. The electronic service product structure, characterized by the digital content of service products and the target market segment, defines four service product categories. The electronic service process structure, characterized by the flexibility of process technologies, defines four service process stages. Positions on the matrix capture the product-process interrelationships in electronic B2C operations. The authors present propositions relating customer value to positions on the product and process structures and on the matrix. They also present illustr...
Asymmetrical Interference Effects between Two-Dimensional Geometric Shapes and Their Corresponding Shape Words

Nativists have postulated fundamental geometric knowledge that predates linguistic and symbolic thought. Central to these claims is the proposal for an isolated cognitive system dedicated to processing geometric information. Testing such hypotheses presents challenges due to difficulties in eliminating the combination of geometric and non-geometric information through language. We present evidence using a modified matching interference paradigm that an incongruent shape word interferes with identifying a two-dimensional geometric shape, but an incongruent two-dimensional geometric shape does not interfere with identifying a shape word. This asymmetry in interference effects between two-dimensional geometric shapes and their corresponding shape words suggests that shape words activate spatial representations of shapes but shapes do not activate linguistic representations of shape words. These results appear consistent with hypotheses concerning a cognitive system dedicated to processing geometric information isolated from linguistic processing and provide evidence consistent with hypotheses concerning knowledge of geometric properties of space that predates linguistic and symbolic thought.
1035 The Role of Hyperglycemia on Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Infants Operated for Congenital Heart Disease with Open-Heart Surgery

1035 The Role of Hyperglycemia on Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Infants Operated for Congenital Heart Disease with Open-Heart Surgery
Students’ Personality Types, Intended Majors, and College Expectations: Further Evidence Concerning Psychological and Sociological Interpretations of Holland’s Theory

Because it focuses on the interactions between students and their environments, Holland’s theory of vocational choice provides a powerful framework for studying college experiences. The present study assessed the relative merits of psychological and sociological interpretations of Holland’s theory by examining the relationships among students’ expectations about college, their personality types, and their intended academic majors. Results indicated that both the psychological and sociological aspects of Holland’s theory aid in understanding students’ college expectations.
Common Rules Guide Comparisons of Speed and Direction of Motion in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

When a monkey needs to decide whether motion direction of one stimulus is the same or different as that of another held in working memory, neurons in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) faithfully represent the motion directions being evaluated and contribute to their comparison. Here, we examined whether DLPFC neurons are more generally involved in other types of sensory comparisons. Such involvement would support the existence of generalized sensory comparison mechanisms within DLPFC, shedding light on top-down influences this region is likely to provide to the upstream sensory neurons during comparison tasks. We recorded activity of individual neurons in the DLPFC while monkeys performed a memory-guided decision task in which the important dimension was the speed of two sequentially presented moving random-dot stimuli. We found that many neurons, both narrow-spiking putative local interneurons and broad-spiking putative pyramidal output cells, were speed-selective, with tuning reminiscent of that observed in the motion processing middle temporal (MT) cortical area. Throughout the delay, broad-spiking neurons were more active, showing anticipatory rate modulation and transient periods of speed selectivity. During the comparison stimulus, responses of both cell types were modulated by the speed of the first stimulus, and their activity was highly predictive of the animals' behavioral report. These results are similar to those found for comparisons of motion direction, suggesting the existence of generalized neural mechanisms in the DLPFC subserving the comparison of sensory signals.
Metabolism in vitro and in vivo of pentazocine

Abstract The metabolism of pentazocine has been investigated in the 10,000 g supernatant of monkey, mouse and rat liver homogenates and in the monkey, in vivo . Extracts of the incubations in vitro and of monkey urine were examined for pentazocine and possible metabolites. Tritium-labeled pentazocine was used to quantitate the excretion of the drug after administration and to measure the recovery of metabolites. The results indicate that the metabolism of pentazocine occurs mainly through oxidation of the terminal methyl groups of the dimethylallyl side-chain to yield two isomeric alcohols and one of the corresponding carboxylic acids. Some of the pentazocine and its metabolites were present in the urine as unidentified conjugates. About 70 per cent of the radioactivity administered as pentazocine was recovered in 24 hr in the urine of monkeys receiving widely varying doses of the drug.
OPTICAL-MODEL INTERPRETATION OF AVERAGE TOTAL NEUTRON CROSS SECTIONS IN THE kev REGION

Total neutron cross sections for the elements Nb, Mo, Rh, Ag, Cd, and In in the range of 11 to 101 keV have been measured using the Brookhaven fast chopper at the NRU reactor, Chalk River, Canada. The data, after correction for sample thickness effects, are interpreted in terms of a spherical optical-model potential. The comparison of the data with the model indicates that the potential is more likely to be of the surface-absorption type rather than of the volume-absorption type. There is some evidence of fluctuations in $S$-wave strength functions from nuclide to nuclide, instead of the smooth variation predicted by the optical model. It seems that the parameters of the potential well, chiefly the imaginary part, may be different for $S$- and $P$-wave neutrons.
Optimum piecewise-constant Wiener filters

Wiener filters are often used for the restoration of images embedded in additive noise. However, it is often desirable to have a simpler filter structure that is easily implemented and performs well. In this paper we present the necessary conditions for a filter with an optimum piecewise-constant frequency-response function. Such a filter has a simpler implementation than the Wiener filter, and, in general, it suffers only a small loss in mean-square-error performance, as is illustrated in numerical examples.
Chloride and nitrate distributions in the Hickory aquifer, Central Texas, USA

Abstract Nitrate and chloride concentrations were compiled for 53 water wells in a rural, six-county area of central Texas. The counties reside above the Hickory Aquifer, an important source of ground-water in the region. Farming is the predominant land use in the study area. Consequently, fertilizer and animal waste are potential sources of contamination to the underlying groundwater. Some parts of the aquifer contain above-background nitrate levels, but no spatial trends were evident for chloride. Observations from four wells exceeded the primary drinking water standard of 44.27 mg/L for nitrate (10 mg/L for NO3-N), and two wells surpassed the secondary standard of 250 mg/L for chloride. Rank correlations between nitrate and well depth were statistically significant, consistent with nitrate contamination originating at the land surface. However, no significant correlation was observed between nitrate and chloride, nor between chloride and well depth. A low recharge rate may contribute to the absence of pervasive nitrate contamination in the aquifer.
Lifestyle factors, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and lower urinary tract symptoms.

Etiological models of male lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) areevolving rapidly. Previous paradigms have focused onage, genetics, and sex steroid hormones as the primarycomponentsdrivingLUTSandBPHpathogenesis.How-ever, recent epidemiological studies have revealed that,to a large extent, lifestyle factors associated with metab-olism – including obesity, blood glucose, exercise, anddiet – alsocontributesubstantiallytothedevelopmentofthese conditions [1]. These observations are importantbecause they suggest the existence of modiﬁable path-ways for BPH and LUTS that offer novel targets forpreventionandtreatment.However,norandomizedtrialshave as yet been performed.
Increased expression of the inflammatory chemokine CXC chemokine ligand 9/monokine induced by interferon-γ in lymphoid tissues of rhesus macaques during simian immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Chemokines are important mediators of cell trafficking during immune inductive and effector activities, and dysregulation of their expression might contribute to the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and the related simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). To understand better the effects of SIV infection on lymphoid tissues in rhesus macaques, we examined chemokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression patterns by using DNA filter array hybridization. Of the 34 chemokines examined, the interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)-inducible chemokine CXC chemokine ligand 9/monokine induced by interferon-gamma (CXCL9/Mig) was one of the most highly up-regulated chemokines in rhesus macaque spleen tissue early after infection with pathogenic SIV. The relative levels of expression of CXCL9/Mig mRNA in spleen and lymph nodes were significantly increased after infection with SIV in both quantitative image capture and analysis and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays. In addition, in situ hybridization for CXCL9/Mig mRNA revealed that the patterns of expression were altered after SIV infection. Associated with the increased expression of CXCL9/Mig were increased numbers of IFN-gamma mRNA-positive cells in tissues and reduced percentages of CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) 3(+)/CD3(+) and CXCR3(+)/CD8(+) lymphocytes in peripheral blood. We propose that SIV replication in vivo initiates IFN-gamma-driven positive-feedback loops in lymphoid tissues that disrupt the trafficking of effector T lymphocytes and lead to chronic local inflammation, thereby contributing to immunopathogenesis.
A Hall probe assembly for the Berkeley 88-inch cyclotron magnet†

A Hall probe was used in measurements requiring the resolution of a few tenths of a gauss in a field of approximately 17 kgauss. The Hall probes exhibited a slow change of calibration with time. The calibration of one probe changed by nine parts in ten thousand over a period of 54 days. In the case of one generator, a step change in calibration was observed. The over-all system is briefly discussed. The changes in calibration are described, together with possible explanations for this behavior.
Kua wenhua chuanbo de wenti yu kenengxing (The Problems and Possibilities in Intercultural Communication)

Bo Shan, Wuhan, Wuhan University Press, 2010, RMB 40 (soft), 306 pp. With its characteristics of being dialectically dynamic, universally pervasive, holistically interconnected, culturally hybridiz...
Computational frameworks for semantic analysis and wikification: keynote abstract

Computational approaches to problems in Natural Language Understanding and Information Extraction are often modeled as structured predictions - predictions that involve assigning values to sets of interdependent variables. Over the last few years, one of the most successful approaches to studying these problems involves Constrained Conditional Models (CCMs), an Integer Learning Programming formulation that augments probabilistic models with declarative constraints as a way to support such decisions.I will focus on exemplifying this framework in the context of developing better semantic analysis of sentences - Extended Semantic Role Labeling - and the task of Wikification - identifying concepts and entities in text and disambiguating them into Wikipedia or other knowledge bases.
Dynamical supersymmetry breaking and asymptotic freedom in non-Abelian gauge theories.

We extend Witten's result that dynamical supersymmetry breaking does not occur in non-Abelian gauge theories which do not depend on a vacuum angle. It is shown that the possibility of dynamical supersymmetry breaking in supersymmetric non-Abelian gauge theories is intimately related to the asymptotic freedom of Yang-Mills theories. In supersymmetric non-Abelian gauge theories with asymptotic freedom, dynamical supersymmetry breaking does not occur through a positive vacuum energy for an arbitrary gauge coupling constant regardless of any dependence on the vacuum angle in the theories, assuming the full gauge symmetry in the limit of small {ital g} in the quantum theory. Such a special example is the minimal supersymmetric non-Abelian gauge theories in four dimensions.
Actin polymerization in cellular oxidant injury

Microfilaments undergo an ATP-dependent disruption into shortened bundles following cellular exposure to oxidants. This phenomenon does not require a net change in the amount of polymerized actin. However, increased amounts of polymerized actin have been detected in oxidant-injured cells and it was the purpose of this study to determine the conditions under which the actin polymerization may occur. Utilizing the formation of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) as an indicator of cellular sulfhydryl oxidation, conditions were chosen to accentuate sulfhydryl oxidation within the target P388D1 cell line following exposure to the oxidants, H2O2 and diamide. Using the DNase I and flow cytometric assays of actin polymerization, significant polymerization of actin was detected only under conditions in which sulfhydryl oxidation occurred after exposure to the two oxidizing agents. Greater sulfhydryl oxidation early in the course of injury was associated with a greater rate and extent of actin polymerization in the injured cells. Experiments with cells depleted of glutathione (GSH) demonstrated that neither loss of GSH nor absolute levels of GSSG formed during oxidant exposure were responsible for the polymerization of actin. The data presented are consistent with the hypothesis that oxidizing conditions which induce significant sulfhydryl oxidation in target cells are correlated with assembly of polymerized actin and that this represents a process which is distinct and separate from the ATP-dependent gross disruption of microfilaments.
Abstract 4786: MiR-17-92 expression in differentiated T cells - Implications for cancer immunotherapy

As type-1 T cells have been shown to mediate effective anti-tumor immune response, we sought to identify microRNA (miRs) differentially regulated between type-1 and type-2 T cells, and determine how the expression of such miRs are regulated. We performed miR microarray analyses on in vitro differentiated murine T helper type-1 (Th1) and T helper type-2 (Th2) cells to identify differentially expressed miRs. We used RT-PCR to confirm the differential expression levels. WST-1, ELISA, and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the survival, function and phenotype of cells, respectively. Lastly, we employed mice transgenic for the identified miRs to determine the biological impact of the miR expression in T cells. Our miR microarray analyses revealed that the miR-17-92 cluster is one of the most significantly over-expressed miR in murine Th1 cells compared with Th2 cells. RT-PCR confirmed that the miR-17-92 cluster expression was consistently higher in Th1 cells than Th2 cells. Disruption of the IL-4 signaling through either IL-4 neutralizing antibody or knockout of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)6 reversed the miR-17-92 cluster suppression in Th2 cells. Furthermore, T cells from tumor bearing mice and glioma patients had decreased levels of miR-17-92 compared with cells from non-tumor bearing counterparts. CD4 + T cells derived from miR-17-92 transgenic mice demonstrated superior type-1 phenotype with increased IFN-γ production and very late antigen (VLA)-4 expression when compared with counterparts derived from wild type mice. Finally Jurkat T cells ectopically expressing increased levels of miR-17-92 cluster members demonstrated increased IL-2 production and resistance to activation-induced cell death (AICD). Collectively, our data suggest that the type-2-skewing tumor microenvironment can induce the down-regulation of miR-17-92 expression in T cells, thereby diminishing the persistence of tumor-specific T cells and tumor destruction. Genetic engineering of T cells to express miR-17-92 may prove to be a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4786.
Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) Oncoprotein K13 Bypasses TRAFs and Directly Interacts with the IκB Kinase Complex to Selectively Activate NF-κB without JNK Activation

Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus oncoprotein vFLIP K13 is a potent activator of NF-kappaB and plays a key role in viral pathogenesis. K13 contains a putative TRAF-interacting motif, which is reportedly required for its interaction with TRAF2. The K13-TRAF2 interaction is believed to be essential for the recruitment of K13 to the I-kappaB kinase (IKK) complex and for K13-induced NF-kappaB and JNK activation. In addition, TRAF3 has been reported to be required for K13-induced NF-kappaB and JNK activation. We have re-examined the role of the TRAFs in K13 signaling and report that mutations in the putative TRAF-interacting motif of K13 have no deleterious effect on its ability to interact with the IKK complex or activation of the NF-kappaB pathway. Furthermore, endogenously expressed TRAF2 and TRAF3 do not interact with K13 and play no role in K13-induced NF-kappaB activation or its interaction with the IKK complex. Finally, K13 does not activate the JNK pathway. Our results support a model in which K13 bypasses the upstream components of the tumor necrosis factor receptor signaling pathway and directly interacts with the IKK complex to selectively activate the NF-kappaB pathway without affecting the JNK pathway. Selective NF-kappaB activation by K13 might represent a novel strategy employed by the virus to promote latency.
Rotor Wake Study Near the Horizontal Tail of a T-Tail Configuration

Development of advanced rotorcraft configurations has highlighted a need for high-quality experimental data to support the development of robust and accurate analytical design tools. To provide high-quality experimental data, a test program was conducted in the NASA Langley Research Center 14- by 22-Foot Subsonic Tunnel to measure the flow near the empennage of a 15% scale powered helicopter model with an operating tail fan and a T-tail configuration. Three-component velocity profiles were measured forward of the horizontal tail for four advance ratios using laser velocimetry to evaluate the effect of the rotor wake impingement on the horizontal tail angle of attack
Surface and bulk investigations of fullerene‐based materials under high pressure and temperature by means of vibrational spectroscopy

Metastable C 60 materials have been formed under high pressure and temperature. These carbon structures have been developed and studied in a wide spectral range by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The FTIR spectra of carbon-based polymer materials (pristine fullerenes, carbon nanostructures, diamond-like C 60 forms) were recorded in the 4000-10 cm -1 region. Our focus lies on low-frequency infrared (IR) spectra of fullerene and metastable forms of C 60 obtained under high pressures and temperatures as well as the spectra of natural diamond and graphite in the 8-170 cm -1 region. Several new bands of diamond-like phases arise in the high pressure-temperature phase of reflection IR spectra. The band structures connected with diamond-like structures in sp 3 hydridization of the bonds observed were identified as phases of high pressure and temperature. It is our understanding that these low-frequency modes can be assigned to zone- and space-folded phonons. In addition, our observation on micro-Raman spectra of these carbon-based materials and their new forms allowed us to determine the level of disorder in these types of polymer forms of carbon, as well as to study the formation of unusual nanostructures.
Distributed dynamic BDD reordering

Dynamic BDD reordering is usually a computationally-demanding process, and may slow down BDD-based applications. We propose a novel algorithm for distributing this process over a number of computers, improving both reordering time and application time. Our algorithm is based on Rudell's popular sifting algorithm, and takes advantage of a few empirical observations we make regarding Rudell's algorithm. Experimental results show the efficiency and scalability of our approach, when applied within an industrial model checker.
A unique application of decapsulation combining laser and plasma

Often the greatest cost for developing a new package or system is the acquisition of bare chips. To meet this challenge, a unique technique involving laser and plasma has been developed for extracting dice or chips for reuse and repackaging. Epoxy molded integrated circuit (IC) packages are decapsulated using a combination of a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) laser and reactive ion etch (RIE) plasma etcher. Using the parameters mentioned in this paper, a yield of over 70% of functional packages was achieved at the end of decapsulation.
Play and language in developmentally disordered preschoolers: a new approach to classification.

Two related research problems are investigated. First, an empirical approach to classifying developmental disorder is presented. This approach induces types of developmental disorder defined in terms of functional criteria. The classifications derived are then used to validate the classificatory scheme and the set of play and language indicators. This second analysis demonstrates that both the classificatory scheme and the play/language indicators are correlated as hypothesized. In particular, linguistic capacity and peer play performance are the most important discriminators of developmental disorder. The clinical implications of the data analytic approach and the findings are also discussed.
Benchmark datasets and software for developing and testing methods for large-scale multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic inference

We have assembled a collection of web pages that contain benchmark datasets and software tools to enable the evaluation of the accuracy and scalability of computational methods for estimating evolutionary relationships. They provide a resource to the scientific community for development of new alignment and tree inference methods on very difficult datasets. The datasets are intended to help address three problems: multiple sequence alignment, phylogeny estimation given aligned sequences, and supertree estimation. Datasets from our work include empirical datasets with carefully curated alignments suitable for testing alignment and phylogenetic methods for large-scale systematics studies. Links to other empirical datasets, lacking curated alignments, are also provided. We also include simulated datasets with properties typical of large-scale systematics studies, including high rates of substitutions and indels, and we include the true alignment and tree for each simulated dataset. Finally, we provide links to software tools for generating simulated datasets, and for evaluating the accuracy of alignments and trees estimated on these datasets. We welcome contributions to the benchmark datasets from other researchers.
Visualization of document co-citation counts

Visualization can facilitate the understanding of the structures of a collection of documents that are related to each other by links, such as citations in formal publications. We present results of visualizing minimum spanning trees based on document co-citation counts and on document citation correlations.
A Complete Guide To Db2 Universal Database

1. Introduction 2. Basics 3. Interactive SQL 4. Static SQL 5. Query Power 6. Datatypes and Functions 7. Active Data 8. Dynamic SQL 9. Stored Procedures 10. Database Administration Appendix A: Special Registers Appendix B: Functions Appendix C: Typecodes Appendix D: System Catalog Tables Appendix E: Syntax for Host Variable Declarations in C and C++ Appendix F: IBM Publications
Teaching Immigrant Memoirs: Making History Personal

A brief note on the use of immigrant memoirs in the classroom and for essay assignments, including suggested memoirs.
DESERTIFICATION EVALUATED USING AN INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT MODEL

Desertification has been defined as land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities (United Nations, 1992). A technique for identifying and assessing areas at risk fordesertification in the arid, semi-arid, and subhumid regionsof the United States was developed by the Desert Research Institute and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), using selected environmental indicators integrated into a Geographic Information System (GIS). Five indicators were selected: potential erosion, grazing pressure, climatic stress (expressed as a function of changesin the Palmer Drought Severity Index [PDSI]), change invegetation greenness (derived from the Normalized DifferenceVegetation Index [NDVI]), and weedy invasives as a percentof total plant cover. The data were integrated over aregional geographic setting using a GIS, which facilitateddata display, development and exploration of data relationships, including manipulation and simulation testing. By combining all five data layers, landscapes having a varying risk for land degradation were identified, providing a tool which could be used to improve landmanagement efficiency.
Stillbirths with placental hemorrhagic endovasculitis: a morphologic assessment with clinical implications.

Abstract Context.—Hemorrhagic endovasculitis (HEV) is a vasodisruptive alteration affecting fetal-placental blood vessels of all calibers. Hemorrhagic endovasculitis is found in association with stillbirth and abnormalities of growth and development in livebirths. The role of HEV in the pathogenesis of these conditions is not known. Objective.—To further understand these events, we compare clinicopathologic features of HEV-affected placentas from stillbirths with those from livebirth pregnancies. Additionally, we assess the relationship of morphologic forms of HEV to clinical events and time of fetal death in utero and evaluate the significance of extensive versus localized HEV lesions in placentas of stillbirths. Design.—We reviewed the clinical records and slides from 119 stillbirths with placentas affected by HEV classified above a specified severity level (cases) and 119 matched stillbirths with placentas not affected by HEV (controls). A subset of 21 stillbirth placentas exhibiting focal HEV lesions ...
Use of cognitive aids and other assistive technology by individuals with multiple sclerosis

Purpose. To investigate the use of assistive technology (AT), unmet needs for AT, and examine correlates of use of memory aids and cognitive strategies among individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS).Method. A cross-sectional study of 1,063 community dwelling adults with MS in Washington State. A self-report survey assessed use of AT as well as depression, fatigue, mobility, and other demographic and disease related variables.Results. Some 70% of respondents reported using memory strategies and 50.7% reported using electronic memory aids. The strongest correlate of use of electronic memory aids was endorsement of difficulties thinking (OR: 2.09, p < 0.001) though younger age, higher education, and report of higher fatigue were also significant. Fatigue (OR: 1.27, p < 0.001) and depression (OR: 0.89, p < 0.001) were highly associated with use of memory strategies. Subjects who were older, unemployed, more depressed, and have more mobility disability were less likely to use memory strategies.Conculsions. Use...
Predictors and Intensity of Online Access to Electronic Medical Records Among Patients With Cancer

Among patients with cancer, personal health record portal use is frequent and increasing; understanding the implications of this new technology will be central to the delivery of safe and effective care.
Impact of main branch stenting on endothelial shear stress: role of side branch diameter, angle and lesion

In-stent restenosis and stent thrombosis remain clinically significant problems for bifurcation lesions. The objective of this study is to determine the haemodynamic effect of the side branch (SB) on main branch (MB) stenting. We hypothesize that the presence of a SB has a negative effect on MB wall shear stress (WSS), wall shear stress gradient (WSSG) and oscillatory shear index (OSI); and that the bifurcation diameter ratio (SB diameter/MB diameter) and angle are important contributors. We further hypothesized that stent undersizing exaggerates the negative effects on WSS, WSSG and OSI. To test these hypotheses, we developed computational models of stents and non-Newtonian blood. The models were then interfaced, meshed and solved in a validated finite-element package. Stents at bifurcation models were created with 30° and 70° bifurcation angles and bifurcations with diameter ratios of SB/MB = 1/2 and 3/4. It was found that stents placed in the MB at a bifurcation lowered WSS dramatically, while elevating WSSG and OSI. Undersizing the stent exaggerated the decrease in WSS, increase in WSSG and OSI, and disturbed the flow between the struts and the vessel wall. Stenting the MB at bifurcations with larger SB/MB ratios or smaller SB angles (30°) resulted in lower WSS, higher WSSG and OSI. Stenosis at the SB lowered WSS and elevated WSSG and OSI. These findings highlight the effects of major biomechanical factors in MB stenting on endothelial WSS, WSSG, OSI and suggests potential mechanisms for the potentially higher adverse clinical events associated with bifurcation stenting.
Alcohol and Human Evoked Potentials

Event related potentials (ERPs) provide a noninvasive means for investigating brain function. Two main kinds of alcohol-related ERP research have been conducted: a) studies of the effects of acute alcohol administration, usually in nonalcoholic volunteers; b) investigation of ERP differences between alcoholic and nonalcoholic subjects. The main findings in these ERP studies are reviewed briefly in this paper
Haemodynamic and extracellular matrix cues regulate the mechanical phenotype and stiffness of aortic endothelial cells

Endothelial cells (ECs) lining blood vessels express many mechanosensors, including platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), that convert mechanical force into biochemical signals. While it is accepted that mechanical stresses and the mechanical properties of ECs regulate vessel health, the relationship between force and biological response remains elusive. Here we show that ECs integrate mechanical forces and extracellular matrix (ECM) cues to modulate their own mechanical properties. We demonstrate that the ECM influences EC response to tension on PECAM-1. ECs adherent on collagen display divergent stiffening and focal adhesion growth compared with ECs on fibronectin. This is because of protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent serine phosphorylation and inactivation of RhoA. PKA signalling regulates focal adhesion dynamics and EC compliance in response to shear stress in vitro and in vivo. Our study identifies an ECM-specific, mechanosensitive signalling pathway that regulates EC compliance and may serve as an atheroprotective mechanism that maintains blood vessel integrity in vivo.
The Cytology of Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Domestic Animals

A series of 40 tumors with a proven diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma for which both histology and cytology were available were classified according to their histologic appearance as well differentiated, moderately differentiated, and poorly differentiated. The Romanowsky-stained cytology specimens were reviewed. When available, Papanicolaou-stained smears were included. The cytologic findings for each of the 3 groups are described, and the most significant findings are photographically illustrated.
Review of surface and atmosphere studies of Venus and Mercury.

Abstract This review paper covers material published since the last symposium on Planetary Atmospheres and Surfaces, which was held in August, 1969. Only ground-based observations are reviewed, and emphasis is kept close to the data.
Impact of Host Membrane Pore Formation by the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Type III Secretion System on the Macrophage Innate Immune Response

Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are used by Gram-negative pathogens to form pores in host membranes and deliver virulence-associated effector proteins inside host cells. In pathogenic Yersinia, the T3SS pore-forming proteins are YopB and YopD. Mammalian cells recognize the Yersinia T3SS, leading to a host response that includes secretion of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Toll-like receptor (TLR)-independent expression of the stress-associated transcription factor Egr1 and the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and host cell death. The known Yersinia T3SS effector proteins are dispensable for eliciting these responses, but YopB is essential. Three models describe how the Yersinia T3SS might trigger inflammation: (i) mammalian cells sense YopBD-mediated pore formation, (ii) innate immune stimuli gain access to the host cytoplasm through the YopBD pore, and/or (iii) the YopB-YopD translocon itself or its membrane insertion is proinflammatory. To test these models, we constructed a Yersinia pseudotuberculosis mutant expressing YopD devoid of its predicted transmembrane domain (YopD(ΔTM)) and lacking the T3SS cargo proteins YopHEMOJTN. This mutant formed pores in macrophages, but it could not mediate translocation of effector proteins inside host cells. Importantly, this mutant did not elicit rapid host cell death, IL-1β secretion, or TLR-independent Egr1 and TNF-α expression. These data suggest that YopBD-mediated translocation of unknown T3SS cargo leads to activation of host pathways influencing inflammation, cell death, and response to stress. As the YopD(ΔTM) Y. pseudotuberculosis mutant formed somewhat smaller pores with delayed kinetics, an alternative model is that the wild-type YopB-YopD translocon is specifically sensed by host cells.
Optimal retiming for initial state computation

Retiming is a transformation that optimizes a sequential circuit by relocating the registers. When the circuit has an initial state, one must compute an equivalent initial state for the retimed circuit. In this paper we propose a new efficient retiming algorithm for performance optimization. The retiming determined by the algorithm is the best with respect to initial state computation. It is the easiest retiming for finding an equivalent initial state, and if logic modification is required, it incurs the minimum amount of modification.
Public Trust and Initiatives for New Health Care Partnerships

Effective communication between doctor and patient is a critical component of high-quality care. The physician's credibility has a significant effect on treatment outcomes. Because changes in medicine and larger cultural trends challenge the ability of clinicians to engage their patients' trust, new kinds of partnerships must be created. To do this effectively, physicians have to sharpen their communication skills and devise strategies for assuring that their patients become informed allies in their own treatment. A number of innovations are helping to build these alliances: training in communication skills; creative uses of the Internet and videotape technologies; improved "customer service" programs; critical pathways for patients; and special educational aids. All these tools promise to be useful, but they require careful development and evaluation.
Comparison of SIR-B SAR wave image spectra with wave model predictions: implications on the SAR modulation transfer function

During the Spaceborne Imaging Radar (SIR-B) mission in October 1984, the onboard synthetic aperture radar (SAR) acquired data in the vicinity of Hurricane Josephine. Ocean wave spectra computed from the SAR imagery are compared with Ocean Data Gathering Project (ODGP) model forecasts. Because the apparent propagation direction of the dominant wave system rotated over 90 degrees along the pass, the data set affords a unique opportunity to observe the same wave system as imaged by different SAR mechanisms. It is shown that, for the SIR-B geometry, the wave numbers and propagation directions extracted from the wave spectra are not strongly dependent on the exact nature of the SAR imaging mechanism. However,the estimation of ocean significant wave height (SWH) requires accurate knowledge of such mechanisms. The spatial variation of SWH as estimated from SAR-derived wave spectra and ODGP model spectra compare most favorably when the phase of the hydrodynamic portion of the SAR modulation transfer function is approximately 90 degrees past the long wave crest. >
Preparation of S-glycoside surfactants and cysteine thioglycosides using minimally competent Lewis acid catalysis.

Here we report a method for the preparation of anomerically pure β-S-glycopyranosides (1,2-trans-glycosides) from the corresponding peracetate donors. S-glycosylation was performed in CHCl3 at reflux in the presence of a catalytic amount of InBr3. Deacylation of the intermediate peracetates were achieved under Zemplen conditions. Five pyranose examples, monosaccharides D-glucose and D-galactose and disaccharides cellobiose, maltose, and lactose, were used as donors, and five thiols including an α/ω dithiol and Fmoc-L-cysteine were used as acceptors. Melting points, high res MS, [α]D and NMR data ((1)H and (13)C, including COSY, HSQC and HMBC) are reported for compounds not previously described.
StudySearch: a web-based application for posting and searching clinical research studies

Participant accrual into research studies is critical to advancing clinical and translational research to clinical care. Without sufficient recruitment, the purpose of any research study cannot be realized; yet, low recruitment and enrollment of participants persist. StudySearch is a web-based application designed to provide an easily readable, publicly accessible, and searchable listing of IRB-approved protocols that are accruing study participants. The Regulatory, Recruitment and Biomedical Informatics Cores of the Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS) at The Ohio State University developed this research study posting platform. Postings include basic descriptive information: study title, purpose of the study, eligibility criteria and study personnel contact information. Language concerning benefits and/or inducements is not included; therefore, while IRB approval for a study to be listed on StudySearch is required, IRB approval of the posted language is not. Studies are listed by one of two methods; one automated and one manual: (1). Studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov are automatically downloaded once a month; or (2). Studies are submitted directly by researchers to the CCTS Regulatory Core staff. In either case, final language is a result of an iterative process between researchers and CCTS staff. Deployed in January 2011 at OSU, this application has grown to approximately 200 studies currently posted and 1500 unique visitors per month. Locally, StudySearch is part of the CCTS recruitment toolkit. Features continue to be modified to better accommodate user behaviors. Nationally, this open source application is available for use.
Optimal Contracts and Organization of Multiple Money Managers

The optimal organizational form and contracts are characterized for multiple money managers whose actions affect both expected returns and correlation of returns. Inducing diversification of effort to lower risk is in conflict with transfering risk to managers. Encouraging competition is the optimal way to induce risk-tolerant managers to exert effort in diversified activities. As risk aversion increases, enabling cooperation becomes optimal. Counterintuitively, a contract that encourages effort diversification transfers more risk to managers with higher risk aversion. There is a clientele effect: well designed contracts induce more and less risk averse managers to separate in their choices of employment.
Vanishing calcification associated with a spontaneous ventral spinal cerebrospinal fluid leak.

BackgroundSome patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension have a ventral spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and these CSF leaks may be associated with calcified disk herniations. Identif...
An i-Vector PLDA based gender identification approach for severely distorted and multilingual DARPA RATS data

This study proposes an i-Vector based approach to gender identification. Gender-labeled utterances from the Fisher English (FE) corpus are used to formulate an i-Vector extraction framework, and a Probabilistic Linear Discriminant Analysis (PLDA) back-end is employed to compute the scores for gender identification. A novel duration mismatch compensation strategy is also presented that offers very little degradation in identification accuracy even with a large reduction in the duration of the test-segment. The proposed method is shown to consistently outperform a GMM-UBM based gender-identification scheme on several test-sets created from a held-out portion of the FE corpus, and is able to achieve an identification accuracy of up to 97.63%. On the severely distorted and multilingual DARPA-RATS (Robust Automatic Transcription of Speech) corpora, the proposed approach achieves an identification accuracy of 76.48% using only the FE data in training. Next, a novel unsupervised domain adaptation strategy is also presented that utilizes only unlabeled RATS data to adapt the out-of-domain PLDA parameters derived from the FE training data. The strategy is able to offer a 6.8% relative improvement in identification accuracy, and a 14.75% relative reduction in Equal Error Rate (EER) compared to using the out-of-domain PLDA model on the RATS test-utterances. These improvements are significant since: 1) RATS test-utterances are severely distorted, 2) No labeled data of any kind is used for 4 of the 5 languages present in the test-utterances.
Behavior problems of equids in zoos

Behavior problems in zoo equids commonly result from a failure to provide for needs basic to equine nature. Equids are gregarious, and failure to provide companions may result in pacing. Wild equids spend 60 to 70 per cent of their time grazing, and failure to provide ad libitum roughage contributes to the problems of pacing, cribbing, wood chewing, and coprophagia. Mimicking the normal processes of juvenile dispersal, bachelor-herd formation, and mate acquisition reduces the likelihood of agonistic and reproductive behavior problems. Infanticide can be avoided by introducing new stallions to herds containing only nonpregnant mares and older foals.
Synthesis and microbiological testing of 1,1-aminopropanesulfonic acid.

Summary1,1-aminopropanesulfonic acid was synthesized by the addition of ammonium bisulfite to propanal. The aminosulfonic acid inhibited the growth of Lactobacillus casei at levels from 10−4 to 10−2 molar. Single amino acids as well as combinations of amino acids were ineffective in relieving the inhibition.
Calculation from First Principles of Intramolecular Golden-Rule Rate Constants for Photo-Induced Electron Transfer in Molecular Donor–Acceptor Systems

The feasibility of calculating photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer rate constants in realistic molecular donor–acceptor systems via Fermi’s golden rule, using inputs obtained from state-of-the-art electronic structure techniques, is demonstrated and tested. To this end, calculations of photoinduced electron transfer rate constants were performed on two benchmark systems: (1) phenylacetylene-bridged carbazole-naphthalimide (meta and para) and (2) C60-(N,N-dimethylaniline). Intramolecular input parameters such as normal-mode frequencies, Huang–Rhys factors, and electronic coupling coefficients were obtained via ground state, time-dependent, and constrained density functional theory. Good agreement between the intramolecular Fermi’s golden rule rate constants and the experimental rate constants is found for both systems without accounting for the solvent reorganization. The relative roles of intramolecular vs intermolecular modes at promoting electron transfer and the validity of several limits of ...