cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Case Report - Multi-Focal Intracranial Tuberculoma in the Setting of Miliary TB in an Immunocompetent Patient (P4.022)

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of multi-focal intracranial tuberculoma in the setting of miliary TB in an immunocompetent patient. BACKGROUND: Intracranial tuberculoma typically arise as a single mass in early post-primary TB infection. DESIGN/METHODS: Case Report. RESULTS: A 36 year old Somali female who immigrated to the United States 12 years ago presented with a 3 month history of worsening headache. She denied constitutional symptoms. Neurological exam was non-focal with no appreciable meningeal signs. CT brain demonstrated prominent vasogenic edema in the left parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes suspicious for associated neoplasm with an additional area of decreased attenuation in the right cerebellum. MRI brain was also obtained which demonstrated an enhancing dominant mass within the left temporo-occipital junction. There were several additional enhancing lesions, the largest within the inferolateral aspect of the right cerebellar hemisphere. Initial consideration was given to CNS lymphoma, multifocal glioblastoma, and secondary metastases. The patient was started on Dexamethasone 4mg every 6 hours. Additional studies included CT of the chest, abdomen and pelvis which revealed numerous pulmonary nodules with 2 cavitating lesions in the left upper lobe. There was notable lymphadenopathy in the abdomen and pelvis. Bronchoscopy was performed including biopsy of the cavitary lesions and bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL). BAL AFB stain was positive, with culture demonstrating mycobacterium tuberculosis. Left inguinal lymph node biopsy was consistent with necrotizing granulomatous lymphadenitis. Serological and additional infectious work up was unremarkable with no detected bacillemia. Review of prior records showed a positive Quantiferon-TB was detected 7-months prior to admission. CONCLUSIONS: A diagnosis of miliary TB was made with suspected intracranial tuberculomas. The patient was started on an anti-tuberculous chemotherapy including Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol and Pyrazinamide. The patient was continued on Dexamethasone upon discharge with complete resolution of presenting headache. 1 month repeat MRI brain showed similar lesions with slight decrease in size and edema. Disclosure: Dr. Saeed has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sachdeva has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hussain has nothing to disclose.
THE YOUNG MALE PROSTITUTE

Interviews with 63 male prostitutes were carried out in San Francisco and Seattle. Information is presented regarding background and present mode of operation within the two cities. Data presented are derived solely from interviews conducted in the natural setting of the street corner, bar, or automobile. An attempt is made to describe this group of young males as thoroughly as possible in order to suggest some methods of rehabilitation. Some of the more outstanding characteristics of the group were their limited education, high mobility, unstable home environment, and lack of social and vocational skills. Although most were unemployed when interviewed, they expressed interest in finding work, and a number were given assistance in obtaining employment. While the authors feel justified in presenting this information on the 63 boys interviewed, extensive generalization to a larger population would be unwarranted and further research is indicated to confirm findings of this preliminary study.
Metabolic engineering of an oleaginous yeast for the production of omega-3 fatty acids.

Publisher Summary Numerous clinical studies have demonstrated that the omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in adults. This chapter discusses the approach to introduce the genes encoding an omega-3 fatty acid biosynthesis pathway into an oleaginous yeast that synthesizes and stores triglycerides as an energy reserve when starved for nitrogen in the presence of an excess carbon source, such as glucose. It explains the development of a clean and sustainable source of omega-3 fatty acids by fermentation, which uses a metabolically engineered strain of the oleaginous yeast Y. lipolytica. While certain strains of Y. lipolytica can accumulate oil up to 40% of the dry cell weight, the only Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) normally synthesized by the organism is Linoleic Acid (LA). Coordinate expression of desaturase genes and elongase genes comprising a “delta6 pathway” was sufficient to demonstrate the synthesis of Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA). However, only an integrated strategy, based on the use of strong promoters, an increase in gene copy numbers, the push and pull of carbon into the engineered pathway, and the use of oleaginous condition, resulted in the generation of a high EPA production strain.
Profiling a multicast video stream: An evaluation and implementation platform

In this article, we present a quantitative approach to develop an application suite to evaluate and develop a streaming video network protocol for multicast video streams. This study is based on our project of streaming the three educational channels of SCOLA TV signals over Internet2. As a part of this project, a multicast reflector tool was developed to collect and analyze the network parameters for the end-to-end quality of service. The collected data from the reflector is an integral part of the test bed development for streaming protocols. Throughout the course of analyzing the stream's characteristics, we observed that the underlying network topology plays a significant role in successfully delivering streaming content. It also became apparent that there are shortcomings in streaming content solution such as Windows Media Encoder that will be addressed in this paper.
Creativity In Context: Update To The Social Psychology Of Creativity

Preface to the Updated Edition -- Preface to the 1983 Edition -- Understanding and Assessing Creativity -- The Case for a Social Psychology of Creativity -- The Meaning and Measurement of Creativity -- A Consensual Technique for Creativity Assessment -- A Theoretical Framework -- Social and Environmental Influences -- Effects of Evaluation on Creativity -- Effects of Reward and Task Constraint -- Social Facilitation, Modeling, and Motivational Orientation -- Other Social and Environmental Influences -- Implications -- Implications for Enhancing Creativity -- Toward a Comprehensive Psychology of Creativity -- About the Book and Author -- Credits
Starting A Therapy Group in a Suicide Prevention and Crisis Center

This report outlines the experience of one center in establishing a group therapy program, discussing the "readiness" of the center, reservations of the governing board, qualifications and number of group leaders, composition of the group, time-place-duration of meetings, "open" versus "closed" structure, vagaries of obtaining participants, integration with the 24-hour telephone crisis service, problems of confidentiality, and dealing with the suicide of a group member.
The Gaussian curvature of the oil-water interface in an isometric bicontinuous microemulsion

Abstract Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements are made on a three-component isometric (equal volume fractions of water and oil) microemulsion system, composed of AOT/water (0.4% NaCl)/D-octane, in the one-phase channel near the three-phase region at and around the hydrophile-lipophile balance temperature. A previous SANS contrast variation experiment indicated that the microstructure of this type of isometric microemulsion is bicontinuous in water and oil with the surfactant film at the interface having a zero mean curvature. We analyze SANS data taken with an oil-water contrast in terms of a modified Berk's random wave model. We choose a spectral function which is an inverse sixth-order polynomial, with three parameters a, b and c, as introduced by Lee and Chen earlier. This three-parameter spectral function is then used in conjunction with Cahn's clipping scheme to obtain the Debye correlation function appropriate for the microemulsion system. The model analysis results in good agreement with the intensity data in an absolute scale. We then use the three parameters so obtained to calculate the average Gaussian curvature of the interface. We discuss the variation of the average Gaussian curvature as a function of the surfactant volume fraction and its implication on the degree of local order of the bicontinuous structure. We also show a 3-D reconstructed morphology of the most disordered microemulsion.
Study on squeezing flow during nonisothermal embossing of polymer microstructures

A numerical simulation of the hot embossing process with nonisothermal embossing conditions was carried out to observe the flow pattern of poly (methyl methacrylate) into microcavities. The microcavity was isomorphically downsized. The ratio of the cavity width over the cavity thickness was maintained constant at 8:1 throughout the analysis, while the cavity thickness varied from 200 μm to 0.5 μm. It was found that as the microcavity was downsized, the filling mechanism varied. For larger cavity thicknesses (e.g., 100 μm), the polymer flow climbed along the wall of the heated die and was then compressed downward and squeezed outward. In contrast, for a smaller cavity thickness (e.g., 5 μm), the flow was uniform and the wall-climbing flow was absent. This size effect was correlated with the uniformity (UNF) of the temperature distribution of the polymer substrate during the embossing process. For larger cavity thicknesses, the high temperature zone was localized in the vicinity of the die wall, and consequently localized wall-climbing flow occurred. The size effect in nonisothermal embossing was also studied experimentally, and localized flow was observed for larger cavities but not for smaller cavities. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 45:652–660, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers
Biochemical and physiological aspects of anhydrobiosis

1. 1. The biochemical and physiological mechanisms which are involved in anhydrobiotic survival have been reviewed. 2. 2. The physical state of water within hydrated and dehydrated organisms is discussed in relation to the concepts of “free” and “bound” water and to the “vicinal water network model” of Clegg (1979) Cell Associated Water. Academic Press, New York. 3. 3. Evidence is presented for the replacement of “bound” water by glycerol in dried embryos of Artemia salina, but the role of high glycerol content in the free-living nematode Aphelenchus avenae has yet to be evaluated. 4. 4. The adaptive significance of trehalose is shown to lie in the fact that because it is a non-reducing sugar, it will not participate in a “browing” reaction between reduced groups of sugars and free amino groups of dry proteins. Trehalose also inhibits “browning” reactions between reducing sugars and dry proteins. 5. 5. The effect of dehydration on membrane permeability suggests that dried organisms suffer mostly if placed directly into a revival medium due to leakage through structurally deformed membrane systems. 6. 6. Glycerol and trehalose may interact with lipid membranes and reduce the amount of leakage. 7. 7. Damage to membranes caused by lipid peroxidation is discussed. 8. 8. Results suggest that the role of high lipid contents in nematode anhydrobiotes is essentially that of a food reserve, although the morphological distribution of such lipid may be important in maintaining the spatial distribution of body tissues in the absence of bulk water.
Direct Magnitude Estimation of Articulation Rate in Boys with Fragile X Syndrome

Purpose To compare the perceived articulation rate of boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS) with that of chronologically age-matched (CA) boys and to determine segmental and/or prosodic factors that a...
The Saga of Christian American: Identifying Mission and Locating Audience at a Religiously Oriented Publication

This article is a case study of the history of the struggle to define the outlook and readership of the Christian Coalition's official newspaper, later a magazine. Through interviews with all members of the publication's editorial staff and leadership during its eight years of operation, the author tells the often-intriguing tale of its changes in philosophy, management, and voice, while at the same time relating the moves to theoretical concepts about media audiences and audience making. The result is a realist tale adding to the scant literature on the journalistic history of the Christian conservative movement, its real and intended audience, and communication concepts.
Utilization of Nucleic Acid Amplification Assays for the Detection of Respiratory Viruses

Viruses are major contributors to morbidity and mortality from acute respiratory infections in all age groups worldwide. Accurate identification of the etiologic agent of respiratory tract infections is important for proper patient management. Diagnosis can be problematic, because a range of potential pathogens can cause similar clinical symptoms. Nucleic acid amplification testing is emerging as the preferred method of diagnostic testing. Real-time technology and the ability to perform multiplex testing have facilitated this emergence. Commercial platforms for nucleic acid amplification testing of respiratory viruses include real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nucleic acid sequence-based amplification, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Multiplex PCR with fluidic microarrays or DNA chips are the most recent diagnostic advance. These assays offer significant advantages in sensitivity over antigen detection methods and in most cases also over traditional culture methods. A limited number of assays, however, are commercially available, thus laboratory developed assays frequently are used. This article reviews the performance of commercially available assays and discusses issues relevant to the development of in-house assays.
Effect of Oral Genistein and Isoflavone-Free Diet on Cecal Flora and Bacterial Translocation in Antibiotic-Treated Mice

Background: There are several reports indicating that the isoflavone genistein may augment the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier as well inhibit bacterial internalization by cultured enterocytes. We speculated that oral genistein might enhance the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier as monitored by the extraintestinal dissemination of intestinal bacteria. Methods: Mice were treated with oral antibiotics to induce cecal bacterial overgrowth accompanied by bacterial translocation of antibiotic-resistant enterobacteria, especially Escherichia coli. These mice were divided into separate groups that included chow-fed mice orally inoculated either with saline, vehicle, or genistein, and mice fed isoflavone-free diet and orally inoculated with either saline, vehicle, or genistein. Intestinal bacterial overgrowth was monitored by quantitative culture of excised ceca and bacterial translocation was monitored by quantitative culture of draining mesenteric lymph nodes. Results: Mice fed the isoflavone-free diet had decreased populations of cecal bacteria compared with chow-fed mice, and bacterial translocation was reduced in chow-fed mice compared with mice fed isoflavone-free diet. However, bacterial translocation was similar in mice given oral genistein compared with appropriate control mice. Conclusions: Oral genistein had no noticeable effect on bacterial translocation in this model. However, the isoflavone-free diet had an antibacterial effect on cecal flora, and the isoflavone-free diet was associated with decreased numbers of cecal bacteria and decreased incidence of bacterial translocation.
What Does Educational Research Say about the Judging of Writing Ability

(1970). What Does Educational Research Say about the Judging of Writing Ability? The Journal of Educational Research: Vol. 64, No. 4, pp. 147-156.
With a Passion for Reason: Celebrating the Constitution in Weimar Germany

It has long been held that Weimar democracy lacked the symbolic appeal necessary to bind collective sentiment and to win popular support. While recent revisionist histories of Weimar politics and culture take their cue from Peter Fritzsche's argument that “Weimar is less a cumulative failure than a series of bold experiments,” the turn toward new approaches and perspectives is uneven and incomplete even in those studies that avoid conflating the fragility of Weimar democracy with the overall lack or absence of democratic identifications. Detlev Peukert, while admonishing his readers not to minimize the Weimar experiment in democracy, also argues that the first German republic had no founding ritual, and that this absence in national history attests to a general lack of legitimacy. Eric Weitz, in his eloquent survey of the republic's promises and tragedy, has little to say about the proponents and forms of Weimar democratic culture. Thomas Mergel, who shows that the Weimar parliament was marked by a cooperative atmosphere of pragmatic republicanism, attributes to the republican Left a certain tendency “toward a rationalistic understanding of politics, toward the underestimation of the emotional attachment to a flag.” This assessment is entirely in line with the earlier claim that the rationalistic optimism (Gotthard Jasper) of the republican forces led to a “consequential underestimation of the integrative power of state symbols” (Klaus Wippermann).
Paper-Based Systems for Point-of-Care Biosensing

Paper-based systems have been widely investigated for developing point-of-care devices because of their simplicity, affordability, and ease of use. Recent advances have resulted in paper systems that have progressed beyond the historical “single-strip” format and allow for a larger range of functions. This review provides a summary of the advances that have been made to improve the utility of paper-based diagnostic tests for biosensing. Specifically, techniques for designing paper devices, including different geometries and chemical patterning to control fluid flow, are discussed. This review also examines novel approaches to improve paper-based assay sensitivities, such as sample preconcentration, signal amplification at the detection zone, and electrochemical methods.
Effect of Ibuprofen and Rofecoxib Transport Parameters in the Frog Corneal Epithelium

Effects of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors on transport parameters of the frog corneal epithelium were studied. Epithelial cells of the intact cornea were impaled with microelectrodes. Under short-circuit current (I(sc)) conditions, 10(-4) M ibuprofen (IBU) (non-specific COX inhibitor) or 5 x 10(-5) M rofecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor) were added to the tear solution. With ibuprofen, I(sc) decreased by 1.0 from 3.1 microA/cm2; intracellular potential, V(o), depolarized by 14.2 from -56.9 mV; IBU did not affect the transepithelial conductance, g(t), or the apical membrane fractional resistance, fR(o). With rofecoxib, I(sc) decreased by 0.9 from 4.3 microA/cm2; V(o) depolarized by 18 from -62.4 mV; g(t) significantly increased by 0.03 from 0.37 ms/cm2; and fR(o) decreased by 12 from 50. Basolateral membrane K+ and apical membrane Cl- partial conductances were studied by the ion substitution method. Depolarization of V(o) by an increase in stromal K+ from 4 to 79 mM was smaller with IBU (17.5 mV) or rofecoxib (19.2 mV) than without the inhibitors (29.1 and 29.3 mV, respectively). Depolarization of V(o), by a decrease in tear Cl- from 81 to 8.1 mM, was abolished by the COX inhibitors. Decrease in I(sc) and V(o) can be explained by a decrease in the K+ and Cl-? conductances. Experiments with amphotericin B ruled out a major effect of the inhibitors on the Na+/K+ ATPase pump.
A quantitative model for simultaneous brightness induction.

Abstract The brightness that results from stimulating a particular test-region of the retina may be depressed or enhanced by simultaneous stimulation of other “inducing”-regions. The test-region brightness may be affected by contiguous inducing-regions (local contrast effects), and by non-contiguous inducing regions (long-range effects sometimes called “assimilation”). We describe a computational model for early vision that can predict the results of brightness-matching procedures commonly used to measure these phenomena. According to this model, brightness depression reflects primarily lateral inhibition that underlies local contrast effects; whereas brightness enhancement results from processes similar, in spirit, to those described in Helson's adaptation-level theory.
Thin-layer chromatography of amino acids

Abstract A two-dimensional thin layer Chromatographic procedure for separation of amino acids has been developed. The method is based on simple solvent systems and is especially effective for the separation of the highly mobile amino acids.
A New Method for Radionuclide Imaging of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Humans

A new method of visualizing acute myocardial infarction in humans following intravenous injection of 15 mCi-5 mg of 99mTc stannous pyrophosphate in 23 patients is reported. Fifteen patients had histories suggestive of acute myocardial infarction and subsequently developed electrocardiogram and enzyme changes that confirmed the clinical diagnosis. Eleven of the 15 patients were scanned 3-5 days postinfarction, and all had positive scintigrams. The four remaining patients were scanned 7-10 days after their myocardial infarction; two had positive scintigrams. In those 8 patients with chest pain but without ECG and enzyme changes suggestive of myocardial infarction, scintigrams were negative. Positive scintigrams in the patients with myocardial infarction are thought to be due to incorporation of pyrophosphate into the crystalline structure of the hydroxyapatite found within the mitochondria of irreversibly damaged myocardial cells. The location of the acute myocardial infarction by scintigram correlated well...
iVESTA: an interactive visualization and evaluation system for drive test data

Drive Test Data (DTD) evaluation intends to provide first-hand mobile phone performance assessment such that different parties, including phone manufacturers and network providers, can review the phone and network performance, e.g., service coverage and voice quality, from different perspectives. Due to many uncertainties involved in the test environments, e.g., terrain, interference, vehicle speed, and network delay, it is crucial to properly digest the DTD data such that users can draw valid conclusions like "phone A outperforms phone B in the suburb area". We argue that because of the inherent complexity of the test environments, DTD collected from the fields suffer from low quality, low integrity, high uncertainty, and low interpretability. An evaluation tool should consider all such reality issues in order to develop a practical product. For this purpose, we report, in this paper, an integrative data visualization system iVESTA (interactive Visualization and Evaluation System for driven Test dAta) for iDEN (integrated Digital Enhanced Network [1]) drive test data. Our objective is to project high dimensional DTD data onto well-organized web pages, such that users can visually study phone performance with respect to different factors. iVESTA employs a web-based architecture which enables users to upload DTD and immediately visualize the test results and observe phone and network performances with respect to factors such as dropped call rate, signal quality, vehicle speed, handover and network delays. iVESTA provides a practical test environment for phone manufacturers and network service providers to perform comprehensive study on their products from the real-world DTD.
Addition Energies of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes as Quantum Dots: The Role of Symmetry

Using density-functional theory calculations, we investigate the addition energy (AE) of quantum dots formed of fullerenes or closed single-wall carbon nanotubes. We focus on the connection between symmetry and oscillations in the AE spectrum. In the highly symmetric fullerenes the oscillation period is large because of the large level degeneracy and Hund's rule. For long nanotubes, the AE oscillation is fourfold. Adding defects destroys the spatial symmetry of the tubes, leaving only spin degeneracy; correspondingly, the fourfold behavior is destroyed, leaving an even/odd behavior which is quite robust. We use our symmetry results to explain recent experiments.
The indulgence of the video components on the display of digital images

An analytic expression for the point spread function (PSF) of multiformat video cameras is presented. Experimental techniques are presented which provide a means of evaluating PSF parameters, enabling the characterization of a specific camera. Results indicate that multiformat cameras suffer from long range optical scattering effects, resulting in a low frequency drop in the MTF.
Psychological androgyny and aspects of self-image in women and men

Although psychological androgyny has been theoretically related to greater interpersonal and situational adaptability, the relationship between the two has not been articulated. The present study hypothesized that the superior adaptability of psychologically androgynous persons would be evidenced in a coping style characterized by high self-monitoring, internal locus of control, and positive expectations of achievement and affiliation success. To assess this relationship, the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) and seven self-report measures were completed by 236 college men and women. Analyses of variance, with participants categorized according to sex-role style, and multiple regression analyses of the BSRI femininity and masculinity scale scores for females and males on each of the self-report measures were conducted to test androgyny theory and alternative predictions. The analyses indicated that the predominance of masculine traits accounted more often than a combination of masculine and feminine traits for the more adaptive scores for both women and men. Only for expectations of affiliation success among women was there clear support for psychological androgyny theory.
The CA/CDA controversy

E.A. Schegloff pose la question suivante : La politique et l'analyse formelle sont-elles compatibles?. En tant que principal element de l'Analyse de Conversation (AC), Schegloff identifie la politique au mouvement de l'Analyse Critique du Discours (ACD) et la CA a l'analyse formelle. L'A. fait etat ici du debat entre Schegloff et M. Billing, chacun critiquant les methodes d'analyses utilisees dans le cadre theorique de l'opposant et defendant la methodologie de son propre modele. Cette controverse presente, pour l'A., un grand interet dans le domaine de l'anthropologie linguistique
Delamination fracture: Effect of fiber orientation on fracture of a continuous fiber composite laminate

Abstract Delamination fracture toughness (DFT) of continuous fiber reinforced resin matrix composites is of significant interest because failure by delamination is considered to be the weak link in the fracture process. In this investigation, the effect of fiber orientation on delamination fracture toughness was examined. A modified version of the monolithic short bar test specimen (the hybrid short bar, HSB) was used to determine DFT in relationship to the orientation of the reinforcing fibers. The fracture toughness was determined for a graphite/epoxy composite laminate in which the crack direction-fiber orientation (CD/FO) angle varied from 0 to 90°. The fracture toughness increased as the CD/FO angle increased. The observed increase in fracture toughness as a function of fiber misorientation was attributed to deviant crack tip behavior. Misorientation of the fibers promoted crack tip bifurcation, deflection, and twisting. Such deviant behavior increased mixed mode fracture character locally at the crack tip; and as a consequence, the near field stress intensity at the crack tip was reduced. Since the local crack tip driving force is reduced, the applied load must be increased to advance fracture in the laminate, hence, an apparent increase in the DFT is observed. Results showed that the fracture toughness increased by nearly a factor of 2 as the CD/FO angle increased from 0 to 90°.
Quantification of Hydroxyl Content in Ceramic Oxides: A Prompt γ Activation Analysis Study of BaTiO3

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques for water content determination were compared with a neutron characterization technique, prompt γ activation analysis (PGAA). Residual H content in the samples, heat treated at various temperatures, was measured with PGAA and compared with the results obtained from TGA. Two major difficulties in TGA were overlapping of mass loss regimes due to removal of different species and residual water that could not be removed, even though the samples were heated above 900 °C. After 3 h of heat treatment at 900 °C, 0.007% mass fraction H remained in the sample. FT-IR spectra confirmed the presence of H semiquantitatively. It is concluded that residual H remains even after high-temperature treatments.
The Sts proteins target tyrosine phosphorylated, ubiquitinated proteins within TCR signaling pathways.

The T cell receptor (TCR) detects the presence of infectious pathogens and activates numerous intracellular signaling pathways. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation and ubiquitination serve as key regulatory mechanisms downstream of the TCR. Negative regulation of TCR signaling pathways is important in controlling the immune response, and the Suppressor of TCR Signaling proteins (Sts-1 and Sts-2) have been shown to function as critical negative regulators of TCR signaling. Although their mechanism of action has yet to be fully uncovered, it is known that the Sts proteins possess intrinsic phosphatase activity. Here, we demonstrate that Sts-1 and Sts-2 are instrumental in down-modulating proteins that are dually modified by both protein tyrosine phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Specifically, both naive and activated T cells derived from genetically engineered mice that lack the Sts proteins display strikingly elevated levels of tyrosine phosphorylated, ubiquitinated proteins following TCR stimulation. The accumulation of the dually modified proteins is transient, and in activated T cells but not naive T cells is significantly enhanced by co-receptor engagement. Our observations hint at a novel regulatory mechanism downstream of the T cell receptor.
Monitoring Project Performance with Post-Audit Information: Cash Flow Control Charts

ABSTRACT An important aspect of the capital budgeting process is the post-audit, which involves (1) comparing actual results with those predicted by the decision-maker and (2) explaining why any differences occurred. When decision-makers systematically revise their uncertain initial forecasts with actual outcomes, there is a tendency for the estimates to improve. As any biases are observed and eliminated, management can improve operations and bring results and forecasts into agreement. This paper presents a post-audit method for the class of investment problems where each element of the cash flow forecast is uncertain. These problems have multiple, identical units with uncertain cash flow estimates, as found in many fleet replacement problems or in advanced manufacturing systems with multiple cells. This method graphically illustrates the uncertainty resolution that occurs, providing a means to post-audit and monitor the performance of a project through the development of Cash Flow Control Charts.
Theory and Measurement of the buffer value of bicarbonate in saliva.

Abstract This communication deals with experimental and theoretical inconsistencies in current studies of salivary buffering. The theoretical inconsistencies result in confusion over the significance of the measured buffer values, and the differences in techniques make comparisons between studies difficult. Adoption of the buffer unit of the “slyke” is proposed to alleviate this latter difficulty. The theoretical inconsistencies concern the C02 evolved from the titration of bicarbonate. In particular, in vitro salivary buffer values are usually obtained without loss of this CO2 (closed system), while the acid-base interactions of saliva in the mouth occur at constant CO2 tension (open system). The consequences of this difference are illustrated by evaluating the contribution of bicarbonate to the salivary buffer capacities of salivas collected under resting and stimulated conditions and the results indicate that previous studies of salivary buffering probably underestimated the proportion of buffering attributable to bicarbonate.
The preparation and some properties of a new pentasilicon dodecachloride, Si5Cl12

Abstract The conditions under which pentasilicon dodecachloride is produced in the amine-induced disproportionations of disilicon hexachloride and trisilicon octachloride are described. Some of the physical properties of pentasilicon octachloride are given along with descriptions of its chemical reactions with silicon tetrachloride, anhydrous hydrogen chloride and antimony trichloride.
Invariance of least squared-error estimation under some commonly used neurophysiological data pre-processing methods

Abstract The relationship of least squared-error estimation to the commonly used data pre-processing method of stimulus locked signal averaging is discussed. First, a generalized squared-error estimate is derived. Second, two data pre-processing methods are introduced and shown analytically to be equivalent with respect to subsequent least squared-error estimation. The first method consists of fitting known functions directly to unaltered data while the second method fits to the same data after it has been time-averaged. A third method of less utility is also demonstrated to be equivalent. It consists of first fitting to sub-blocks of the unaltered data and then averaging the resulting estimates. Finally, a numerical example is presented. It substantiates the analytical contentions and points out practical considerations which might arise in the course of implementation of the estimation procedure.
Environmental Sustainability and Behavioral Science: Meta-Analysis of Proenvironmental Behavior Experiments

To provide practitioners with useful information about how to promote proenvironmental behavior (PEB), a meta-analysis was performed on 87 published reports containing 253 experimental treatments that measured an observed, not self-reported, behavioral outcome. Most studies combined multiple treatments, and this confounding precluded definitive conclusions about which individual treatments are most effective. Treatments that included cognitive dissonance, goal setting, social modeling, and prompts provided the overall largest effect sizes (Hedge’s g > 0.60). Further analyses indicated that different treatments have been more effective for certain behaviors. Although average effect sizes are based on small numbers of studies, effective combinations of treatments and behaviors are making it easy to recycle, setting goals for conserving gasoline, and modeling home energy conservation. The results also reveal several gaps in the literature that should guide further research, including both treatments and PEB ...
Response to Commentary on Central Hypersensitivity in Patients With Subacromial Impingement Syndrome

Abstract This response to reviewer comments clarifies our methods, expands on a controversial topic in experimental studies of pain, and reviews the important differences between the minimal detectable difference and the minimal clinically important difference.
Succession of Microphytobenthos in a Restored Coastal Wetland

Sediment microphytobenthos, such as diatoms and photosynthetic bacteria, are functionally important components of food webs and are key mediators of nutrient dynamics in marine wetlands. The medium to long-term recovery of benthic microproducers in restored habitats designed to improve degraded coastal wetland sites is largely unknown. Using taxon-specific photopigments, we describe the composition of microphytobenthic communities in a large restoration site in southern California and differences in the temporal recovery of biomass (chlorophylla), composition, and taxonomic diversity between vegetatedSpartina foliosa salt marsh and unvegetated mudflat. Visually distinct, spatially discreet, microphytobenthic patches appeared after no more than 7 mo within the restoration site and were distinguished by significant differences in biomass, taxonomic diversity, and the relative abundance of cyanobacteria versus diatoms. Sediment chlorophylla concentrations within the restored site were similar to concentrations in nearby natural habitat 0.2–2.2 yr following marsh creation, suggesting rapid colonization by microproducers. RestoredSpartina marsh very rapidly (between 0.2 and 1.2 yr) acquired microphytobenthic communities of similar composition and diversity to those in naturalSpartina habitat, but restored mudflats took at least 1.6 to 2.2 yr to resemble natural mudflats. These results suggest relatively rapid recovery of microphytobenthic communities at the level of major taxonomic groups. Sediment features, such as pore water salinity andSpartina density, explained little variation in microphytobenthic taxonomic composition. The data imply that provision of structural heterogeneity in wetland construction (such as pools and vascular plants) might speed development of microproducer communities, but no direct seeding of sediment microfloras may be necessary.
Characterization of dehydration-induced luminescence of kaolinite.

The dehydration-induced luminescence of a colloidal kaolinite is investigated experimentally, with particular attention given to the effect of various treatments on the luminescence characteristics. It is found that the total photon count of the emitted light is linearly related to the film thickness up to a thickness of 30 microns; mechanical stress in the form of grinding increases the photon output and produces extensive changes in the emission kinetics. A direct check of the emission wavelength dependence (by using color filters) indicates that roughly 75 percent of the emission occurs in the wavelength range below 410 nm. It is also found that incorporation of fluorescent molecules into the kaolinite paste increases the photon output and may indicate the transfer of ultraviolet photons to the fluorescent probe.
Inguinal node metastasis as the initial presentation of primary fallopian tube cancer.

Abstract Background. An initial presentation of inguinal metastasis in primary fallopian tube cancer in an asymptomatic patient is uncommon. All previously described palpable lymphadenopathies in fallopian tube cancer have been associated with widely disseminated intra-abdominal disease. Case. This is the first case of inguinal node metastasis from fallopian tube cancer in a 72-year-old asymptomatic patient with a previous hysterectomy with no evidence of intra-abdominal disease. The metastasis was detected in the contralateral inguinal area. Conclusion. Fallopian tube cancer can present with inguinal metastasis, although this is an uncommon occurrence. A high index of suspicion must be maintained, especially in asymptomatic patients with negative imaging studies.
Monotonicity of auto-expansions

Abstract In this note we set down a proof of a theorem of Derrida, Gervois and Pomeau on the monotonicity of auto-expansions. The proof relies on the equivalence of the monotonicity of auto-expansions and the monotonicity of kneading sequences for a certain family of tent maps.
Multi Path PERT

This paper presents a new multipath delay based algorithm, MPPERT (Multipath Probabilistic Early response TCP), which provides high throughput and efficient load balancing. In all-PERT environment, MPPERT suffers no packet loss and maintains much smaller queue sizes compared to existing MPTCP, making it suitable for real time data transfer. MPPERT is suitable for incremental deployment in a heterogeneous environment. PERT, being a delay based TCP protocol, has continuous information about the state of the bottleneck queue along its path. This information is valuable in enabling MPPERT to detect subflows sharing a common bottleneck and obtain a smaller set of disjoint subflows. This information can even be used to switch from coupled (a set of subflows having interdependent increase/decrease of congestion windows) to uncoupled (independent increase/decrease of congestion windows) subflows, yielding higher throughput when best single-path TCP constraint is relaxed. The ns-2 simulations support MPPERT as a highly competitive multipath approach, suitable for real time data transfer, which is capable of offering higher throughput and improved reliability.
The "Feudalistic" Legacy of Japanese Science.

This article discusses the legacy of Tokugawa (1600-1867) feudalism and its meaning for modern science in Japan (1868-1920). With "feudalism" defined in terms of former samurai roles and privileges...
Radial distribution study of non-crystalline tricalcium phosphate

Abstract A radial distribution study was performed on the x-ray scattering (cobalt- and nickel-filtered copper radiation) from freeze-dried stabilized, non-crystalline tricalcium phosphate. In addition, a theoretical radial distribution function was calculated from the published atomic parameters of hydroxyapatite. Both the amorphous and crystalline phases showed peaks in the radial distribution function at about 1.6A (P-O), 2.4A (O-O, Ca-O), and 3.7A. The latter two amorphous interionic spacings were slightly larger than the comparable apatite spacings indicative of a lower density in the amorphous phase. In addition, the amorphous curve contained a peak at 4.7A not present in apatite but found in curves from condensed calcium phosphate glasses. Not present in either the apatite or the amorphous curve was a peak at 2.9A which is related to the nearest P-P distance found in such condensed phosphates as meta- and pyrophosphate. These results support the view that the amorphous tricalcium phosphate, though a precursor of hydroxyapatite, is different chemically and physically from this compound.
Measurement techniques for characterizing and using low background germanium detectors

Abstract An investigation has been undertaken to determine whether an order of magnitude background reduction from present typical cryostat-detector systems can be obtained through the use of low background components. In order to measure progress in this task, a standard, ten-centimeter lead shield was fitted with a five-centimeter, oxygen-free high-conductivity copper liner and a borated polyethylene neutron absorber. This reduced the contribution of uranium-238, thorium daughters, and radium daughters from the shield as seen by the detector by 1.3, 0.02, and 0.1 Bq respectively. The methodology of determining very low net photon peak areas in the presence of high continuum levels to assure maximum accuracy was verified and is presented. By these means the background activities of detectors are being measured at the −10 2 Bq per nuclide and detector component materials at the Bq per gram level, both with total uncertainties of less than 50% 1σ. The hardware and software developed is being used to measure the background activity of the detectors and for the analysis of low activity samples.
Deep-space optical communications: a program update

Technological developments leading toward the use of optical communications on deep-space missions are reviewed. Developments in the characterization of atmospheric visibility and the development of advanced composite materials for use in optical communications systems are discussed. System demonstrations involving the Galileo Optical Experiment and a very lightweight optical communications package intended for the Cassini mission to Saturn are addressed. Proposed flight experiments and a deep-space optical communication long-range plan are discussed.
Multidimensional Multichannel FIR Deconvolution Using Gr&#214;bner Bases

We present a new method for general multidimensional multichannel deconvolution with finite impulse response (FIR) convolution and deconvolution filters using Grobner bases. Previous work formulates the problem of multichannel FIR deconvolution as the construction of a left inverse of the convolution matrix, which is solved by numerical linear algebra. However, this approach requires the prior information of the support of deconvolution filters. Using algebraic geometry and Grobner bases, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of exact deconvolution FIR filters and propose simple algorithms to find these deconvolution filters. The main contribution of our work is to extend the previous Grobner basis results on multidimensional multichannel deconvolution for polynomial or causal filters to general FIR filters. The proposed algorithms obtain a set of FIR deconvolution filters with a small number of nonzero coefficients (a desirable feature in the impulsive noise environment) and do not require the prior information of the support. Moreover, we provide a complete characterization of all exact deconvolution FIR filters, from which good FIR deconvolution filters under the additive white noise environment are found. Simulation results show that our approaches achieve good results under different noise settings
Facial Transplantation: The Next Frontier in Head and Neck Reconstruction

Facial reconstruction poses a unique surgical challenge—restoring the aesthetic form and function of the face. Established techniques for reconstruction include skin grafts, local cutaneous tissue flaps, and free flap autografts. The anatomic complexity of the face renders it challenging, however, to obtain a successful cosmetic and functional result. The success of recent hand, knee joint, and larynx allotransplantation and advances in immunosuppressive regimens have pushed the technical frontiers of composite tissue transfer to include partial facial transplantation. This article reviews current techniques for reconstruction of facial defects, with a focus on the microsurgical, immunologic, and ethical considerations of facial allotransplantation.
Regulatory role of phospholamban in the efficiency of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transport.

Phospholamban is an inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transport apparent affinity for Ca2+ in cardiac muscle. This inhibitory effect of phospholamban can be relieved through its phosphorylation or ablation. To better characterize the regulatory mechanism of phospholamban, we examined the initial rates of Ca2+-uptake and Ca2+-ATPase activity under identical conditions, using sarcoplasmic reticulum-enriched preparations from phospholamban-deficient and wild-type hearts. The apparent coupling ratio, calculated by dividing the initial rates of Ca2+ transport by ATP hydrolysis, appeared to increase with increasing [Ca2+] in wild-type hearts. However, in the phospholamban-deficient hearts, this ratio was constant, and it was similar to the value obtained at high [Ca2+] in wild-type hearts. Phosphorylation of phospholamban by the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A in wild-type sarcoplasmic reticulum also resulted in a constant value of the apparent ratio of Ca2+ transported per ATP hydrolyzed, whic...
HIF-1α Partners with FoxA2, a Neuroendocrine-Specific Transcription Factor, to Promote Tumorigenesis

In this issue of Cancer Cell, Qi et al. report a novel mechanism by which HIF-1α synergizes with a tissue-specific transcription factor, FoxA2, to promote a transcriptional program that supports prostate tumor formation and progression.