cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluating heuristics in automatically mapping multi-loop applications to FPGAs

This paper presents a set of measurements which characterize the design space for automatically mapping high-level algorithms consisting of multiple loop nests, expressed in C, onto an FPGA. We extend a prior compiler algorithm that derived optimized FPGA implementations for individual loop nests. We focus on the space-time tradeoffs associated with sharing constrained chip area among multiple computations represented by an asynchronous pipeline. Intermediate results are communicated on chip; communication analysis generates this communication automatically. Other analyses and transformations, also associated with parallelizing compiler technology, are used to perform high-level optimization of the designs. We vary the amount of parallelism in individual loop nests with the goal of deriving an overall design that makes the most effective use of chip resources. We describe several heuristics for automatically searching the space and a set of metrics for evaluating and comparing designs. From results obtained through an automated process, we demonstrate that heuristics derived through sophisticated compiler analysis are the most effective at navigating this complex search space, particularly for more complex applications.
Blood Gastrin Levels in Hyperthyroidism

Serum gastrin concentrations were measured in 22 untreated and 10 treated thyrotoxic patients. In contrast to similar studies carried out in Japan, serum gastrin levels were normal in hyperthyroid subjects. The mean value in hyperthyroid subjects (94.8 ± 34.5 pg/ml) was higher than that in the treated patients (73.6 ± 33.2 pg/ml), but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05).
Conspecific and Heterospecific Aboveground Herbivory Both Reduce Preference by a Belowground Herbivore.

ABSTRACT Insect herbivores damage plants both above- and belowground, and interactions in each realm can influence the other via shared hosts. While effects of leaf damage on aboveground interactions have been well-documented, studies examining leaf damage effects on belowground interactions are limited, and mechanisms for these indirect interactions are poorly understood. We examined how leaf herbivory affects preference of root-feeding larvae [Acalymma vittatum F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)] in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). We manipulated leaf herbivory using conspecific adult A. vittatum and heterospecific larval Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) herbivores in the greenhouse and the conspecific only in the field, allowing larvae to choose between roots of damaged and undamaged plants.We also examined whether leaf herbivory induced changes in defensive cucurbitacin C in leaves and roots.We hypothesized that induced changes in roots would deter larvae, and that effects would be stron...
A Long-Term Record of Aerosol Optical Depth from TOMS Observations and Comparison to AERONET Measurements

Observations of backscattered near-ultraviolet radiation from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) on board the Nimbus-7 (1979‐92) and the Earth Probe (mid-1996 to present) satellites have been used to derive a long-term record of aerosol optical depth over oceans and continents. The retrieval technique applied to the TOMS data makes use of two unique advantages of near-UV remote sensing not available in the visible or nearIR: 1) low reflectivity of all land surface types (including the normally bright deserts in the visible), which makes possible aerosol retrieval over the continents; and 2) large sensitivity to aerosol types that absorb in the UV, allowing the clear separation of carbonaceous and mineral aerosols from purely scattering particles such as sulfate and sea salt aerosols. The near-UV method of aerosol characterization is validated by comparison with Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) ground-based observations. TOMS retrievals of aerosol optical depth over land areas (1996‐2000) are shown to agree reasonably well with AERONET sun photometer observations for a variety of environments characterized by different aerosol types, such as carbonaceous aerosols from biomass burning, desert dust aerosols, and sulfate aerosols. In most cases the TOMS-derived optical depths of UV-absorbing aerosols are within 30% of the AERONET observations, while nonabsorbing optical depths agree to within 20%. The results presented here constitute the first long-term nearly global climatology of aerosol optical depth over both land and water surfaces, extending the observations of aerosol optical depth to regions and times (1979 to present) not accessible to ground-based observations.
Foreign slaves in Mecca and Medina in the formative Islamic period

Abstract This article is an examination of the position of foreign slaves in Mecca and Medina in the formative Islamic period. Mainly a reference piece and a prosopography, the article first examines in detail accounts of two contexts featuring slaves in Mecca: the ‘teacher(s)’ of the Prophet, and the builder(s) of the Kacba. It then presents a listing of the names of the slaves given in the early Arabic sources, followed by available details of their lives. The purpose of the study is to present a relatively exhaustive listing of the circumstances of slavery and the names of slaves in the formative Islamic period in order to elucidate the nature of the Meccan and Medinan social and religious systems of the time, as well as to contextualize the position of slavery in subsequent periods.
Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of arabinofuranosyl-5-azacytosine (fazarabine, NSC 281272).

A Phase I clinical trial of 1-β-d-arabinofuranosyl-5-azacytosine (ara-AC or fazarabine) given as a 72-h continuous infusion on a 21-day cycle was conducted in 27 adult patients with refractory cancer. The major toxicity was reversible granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia. Dose-limiting toxicity was observed at a dose rate of 1.96 mg/m2/h in which Grade IV leukopenia (WBC <1,000/mm3) occurred in 4 of 11 patients and Grade IV thrombocytopenia (platelets <25,000/mm3) occurred in 3 of 11 patients. Plasma steady-state levels ranged from 0.13 to 0.6 µm for doses of 1.25 to 5.94 mg/m2/h. Mean total body clearance was 647 ml/min/m2. Minor clinical responses were seen in one patient with testicular cancer, one patient with colon cancer, one patient with breast cancer, and one patient with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Another patient with adenocarcinoma of unknown primary had stable disease during 13 cycles of therapy. Based on the results of this study, the recommended dose for Phase II studies of 1-β-d-arabinofuranosyl-5-azacytosine administered as a 72-h continuous infusion is 2.0 mg/m2/h (48 mg/m2/day).
IDUTC: an intelligent decision-making system for urban traffic-control applications

The design of systems for intelligent control of urban traffic is important in providing a safe environment for pedestrians and motorists. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) (learning systems) and expert systems (knowledge-based systems) have been extensively explored as approaches for decision-making. While the ANNs compute decisions by learning from successfully solved examples, the expert systems rely on a knowledge base developed by human reasoning for decision making. It is possible to integrate the learning abilities of an ANN and the knowledge-based decision-making ability of the expert system. This paper presents a real-time intelligent decision-making system, IDUTC, for urban traffic control applications. The system integrates a backpropagation-based ANN that can learn and adapt to the dynamically changing environment and a fuzzy expert system for decision-making. The performance of the proposed intelligent decision-making system is evaluated by mapping the adaptable traffic light control problem. The application is implemented using the ANN approach, the FES approach, and the proposed integrated system approach. The results of extensive simulations using the three approaches indicate that the integrated system provides better performance and leads to a more efficient implementation than the other two approaches.
IN REMEMBRANCE OF NOVAK ZUBER

My first meeting of Novak Zuber was in 1957. He was a teaching assistant for Myron Tribus in a thermodynamics class I took based on information theory, an approach that I still do understand despite Novak’s help. But, when Arnold Sommerfeld (1967), the German theoretical physicist, was asked why he had never written a book on thermodynamics, he supposedly answered: “Thermodynamics is a funny subject. The first time you go through it, you don’t understand it at all. The second time you go through it, you think you understand it, except for one or two small points. The third time you go through it, you know you don’t understand it, but by that time you are so used to it, it doesn’t bother you anymore.” It was during his graduate studies at UCLA that he became involved in boiling heat transfer and two-phase flow as part of a research project that supported the development of the nuclear submarine. His work on the project led to his development of a hydrodynamic approach to predict the critical heat flux and the heat flux at minimum film boiling. A research assistantship often is what guides a student into a particular area of study. In this case, it moved Novak’s area of interest from aerodynamics to multi-phase flow. His drift flux model came later. Novak was fond of the phrase “tracks in a straight line” and he certainly did track in a straight line. Whatever he did was done with a creative intensity that defied logic. Many of you know about his leading the advisory group composed of the top people in the numerical computation area that led to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) supporting the development of a two-fluid approach for large-systems computer codes. This was followed by a period of continuous self-incrimination for initiating something that to this day is not a complete success. It was Novak who undertook the task of determining how certain large-break loss-ofcoolant-accident (LOCA) predictions were made in the TRAC code, and of developing something called phenomena identification and ranking tables (PIRT) to guide the process. Novak realized at the outset that such an undertaking would be difficult. He spent several weeks studying group dynamics and came to the conclusion that he somehow had to get the participants to interact in a civil manner. A social interaction before any technical meetings was the best first step. This turned out to be an evening of heavy
Blocking interleukin-1 in sepsis

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a polypeptide which possesses a broad spectrum of biological activities, many of which are associated with disease. It has been studied for its ability to induce fever, sleep and anorexia, elevate prostaglandins and nitric oxide, stimulate the release of pituitary hormones, elevate hepatic acute phase proteins, increase gene expression for other cytokines and augment the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes. In addition, IL-1 increases the synthesis of collagenases and decreases the synthesis of proteoglycans, resulting in joint destruction. More recently, IL-1 has been shown to induce hypotension and upregulate endothelial cell adhesion molecules, both important parameters of the septic shock syndrome. IL-1 also possesses host defense properties. For example, pretreatment with IL-1 non-specifically reduces lethality to bacterial and fungal infections, even in the absence of circulating neutrophils. IL-1 has been given to humans in clinical trials; as increasing doses are given, IL...
Sex Differences in Video Game Play: A Communication-Based Explanation

In this study, we examined gender differences in video game use by focusing on interpersonal needs for inclusion, affection, and control, as well as socially constructed perceptions of gendered game play. Results of a large-scale survey (n = 534) of young adults’ reasons for video game use, preferred game genres, and amount of game play are reported. Female respondents report less frequent play, less motivation to play in social situations, and less orientation to game genres featuring competition and three-dimensional rotation. Implications for game design are discussed.
Forty-year appraisal of gastrinoma. Back to the future.

Objective The author analyzed potential survival determinants in gastrinoma to characterize a possible uniform staging system and to determine whether complete surgical resection improves expected survival. Summary and Background Data Gastrinoma is an indolent yet malignant neuroendocrine tumor. The associated gastric acid hypersecretion can be controlled medically. Staging of gastrinoma is inconsistent and the role of surgical resection controversial. Methods Seventy-four patients with gastrinoma with a minimum 5-year follow-up were assessed. Cox's proportional hazards regression model was used to examine the association of risk factors with survival. Results The following factors had no effect on survival : age at diagnosis, sex, presence of lymph node metastases, associated multiple endocrine neoplasia, and method of ulcer treatment. The three unique determinants of survival were primary tumor size (relative risk, 1.534 ; p = 0.0005), liver metastases (relative risk, 2.947 ; p = 0.0209), and complete surgical resection (relative risk, 0.163 ; p = 0.0076). On the basis of these risk factors, a uniform staging system is proposed and predictive survival curves developed. Conclusions The primary determinants of survival in gastrinoma are the size of the primary tumor and liver metastases. Complete surgical resection reduces mortality, regardless of other factors.
Analysis of dynamic-characteristic curve of tunnel diodes

A ?step? in the negative-resistance region of the voltage/current characteristic curve of an oscillating tunnel diode is theoretically analysed from the viewpoint of the conservation of energy. Tunnel diodes IN3219A and D4168D were experimentally investigated in the L and X bands. This step is attributed to the power conversion from d.c. to a.c.
Marine Invertebrate and Other Lower Animal Biosynthetic Products

The species Homo sapiens of the mammalian order Primates includes all the races of true man. There is now evidence343 provided by Leakey in Tanzania that true man has evolved and lived in Africa at least 3.75 million years. However, one can easily estimate that many of the lower animals, especially the marine invertebrates, have been in existence for at least 1–2 billion years. In this observer’s judgment, biosynthetic evolutionary processes over such an incredibly long period would favor the development of very sophisticated chemical protective mechanisms that could be most useful in various areas of modern medical practice and specifically in cancer chemotherapy. In support of this view is the fact that invertebrates do not have a thymus system of immunological protection and therefore do not produce antibodies.135 Obviously invertebrates must have developed mechanisms of intercellular control based on as yet unknown chemical regulation.
Proteomic pearl diving versus systems biology in cell physiology. Focus on “Proteomic mapping of proteins released during necrosis and apoptosis from cultured neonatal cardiac myocytes”

in the early days of the 21st century, the completion of genome sequencing projects for multiple species provided a bounty of new information for physiological investigations. The availability of comprehensive genome sequence data has also made possible new large-scale approaches to the study of
Epidemiology of chemical warfare agents

While chemical warfare agents have been used for decades in military conflict, it is only in the last two decades that increased attention has been paid to the acute and chronic health effects associated with exposure to these agents. This chapter describes the leading epidemiological investigations of populations exposed to chemical warfare agents from before World War II through the Japanese terrorist attacks in the mid-1990s. Limitations of these studies are described, including the lack of accurate exposure assessment and clinical data.
Confinement Between Rough Substrates: Fluctuation-Induced Forces, and Other Manifestations

Most surfaces are rough. In many cases the roughness is self-affine, with a width w that scales with the observation length L as w ~ Lζ. We consider the medium confined between two such plates, and discuss how the dependence of various quantities on the separation of plates is modified by their roughness. Specific examples include fluctuation–induced forces, shifts in critical temperatures, and capacitance.
Mistakes, Errors, and Oversights

(1992). Mistakes, Errors, and Oversights. Contemporary Psychoanalysis: Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 555-571.
Distribution of Threecornered Alfalfa Hopper (Homoptera: Membracidae) Eggs in Vegetative Stage Soybean

A2-yr study of the early season distribution of egg clusters of the threecornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus , (Say), was conducted in Louisiana soybean fields. The spatial distribution of egg clusters indicated that colonizing S. festinus females disperse throughout the fieldbefore initiation of oviposition. The frequency distribution of egg clusters within a field was best described by the negative binomial (clumped); however, egg clusters were distributed independently among plants within a row. The distribution of egg clusters indicated that females move short distances between ovipositions rather than ovipositing on the same or adjacent plants. Vertical distribution of egg clusters over time showed that the location of preferred oviposition sites shifted upward with plant growth. A parasitoid of threecornered alfalfa hopper eggs was collected and identified as polynema sp.
Association of time since pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine receipt and CD4 count with antibody response to the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in HIV-infected adults.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Pneumococcal infection is a leading cause of illness and death in HIV-infected adults. Current United States guidelines for HIV-infected adults recommend a single dose of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) at any CD4 count and at least 1 y after receipt of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV). PPV is known to lead to hyporesponsiveness to subsequent pneumococcal vaccines for at least 1 y Whether PCV-13 would be more immunogenic if administered later after PPV receipt or at higher CD4 counts has not been tested.Methods: We prospectively collected serum from 96 HIV-infected adults before and after PCV-13 receipt, and measured antibody concentrations against 4 pneumococcal serotypes (3, 6A, 7F, and 19A) via indirect ELISA according to the WHO protocol. Post-booster antibody concentrations and fold-rise in antibody concentrations were compared according to time from PPV receipt and baseline CD4 count using univariate and multivariate analyses.Results...
Immunization with a peptide derived from an Id~(LN) F1+ autoantibody delays the development of lupus nephritis in the murine model

Objective:ID LN F1,a pathogenic subset of antibodies was identified by previous work.And its expression has been shown to correlated with renal disease in the (SWRxNZB)F1(SNF1)murine model of lupus nephritis.T cell has acted a part identifying and transmitting ID LN F1.,A peptide corresponding to aa62 73 of the heavy chain of ID LN F1+autoantibody 540 was found contain a triple basic amino acid modified BX(X)BXB that has been found in numerous lupus antibodies,and was shown to stimulate syngeneic T cells from nephritic SNF1 mice.This suggested that autoreactive T cells which were stimulated by this idiotype,could be involved in the pathogenetic process in SNF1 nephritis.We hypothesized that immunization with this peptide should therefore modulate the process of the murine lupus nephritis. Methodology:The pre nephritic SNF1,(NZWxNZB)F1(W/B),and MRL/+ mouse was immunized with injecting aa62 73 in Freunds adjuvant beginning at 8 weeks of age.Controled mice received a peptide of the heavy chain derived from the anti malaria antibody.The renal histological lesions were analyzed in both groups of mice. Results:At the age of 24 weeks,the percentage of segmental and diffuse glomerular proliferation was significantly increased in controled mice,which was markedly improved by injecting with aa62 73.Furthermore,renal damage was significantly decreased in aa62 73 immunized SNF1 as early as 14 weeks. Conclusion:These suggested that a peptide derived from an ID LN F1+ autoantibody might have a renal protective effects for autoimmune mice model,and be possible to develop novel therapeutic strategies for SLE,especifically down regulated the pathogenic immune response.
Hemodynamic response to positive end-expiratory pressure following right atrium-pulmonary artery bypass (Fontan procedure)

Thirteen patients were studied in the early postoperative period to determine the hemodynamic response to increasing levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) following right atrium-pulmonary artery bypass (Fontan procedure). Hemodynamic data and arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions were measured without PEEP and with PEEP = 3, 6, 9, and 12 cm H2O. Cardiac index decreased progressively with increasing levels of PEEP compared to PEEP = 0 (cardiac index = 2.7 ± 1.2 L/min/m2), and the decrease was significant at PEEP = 9 (cardiac index = 2.2 ± 0.8 L/min/m2, p 6 cm H2O. The fall in cardiac index appears to be mediated by a significant rise in pulmonary vascular resistance index.
Characterizing DNA Corona Rigidity in DNA-Directed Gold Nanoparticle Crystalline Structures

DNA-linked gold nanoparticle systems have become an adaptable self-assembly tool for programming various crystalline orders. The programmability lies in the DNA corona, a highly dense outer shell of DNA linkers that binds the nanoparticles together. Various self-assembled structures can be formed by changing the properties of the DNA corona, particularly the size ratio. However, uncertainty still remains as to the actual behavior and structural rigidity of the DNA itself, impeding advances in structural diversification. Specifically, the DNA could adopt an A-form structure after crystallization, or a more flexible DNA corona could be generated if B-form DNA persists but becomes physically bent and adsorbed to the nanoparticle surface in crystal formations. To understand the rigidity of the DNA corona, we devised a method to stretch the DNA between two nanoparticles by simultaneously using short and long linkers. This linker combination flexibly acts as a single linker, rather than two separate linkers tha...
Anatomy of Exchange

Although exchange has been the acknowledged core concept in marketing for nearly four decades, a general theory of exchange with “generic” applicability in any organizational context is yet to be developed. The authors argue that the objective of exchange defmes and directs the relevant exchange network, process and content—within the exchange context in which exchange occurs. Hence, marketing is but one of many possible ways to create exchanges-its effectiveness in creating exchanges is defmed by the exchange objectives.
Melanoma Perception in People of Color: A Targeted Educational Intervention.

Although melanoma is more common in non-Hispanic Whites, ethnic minorities face a greater risk of melanoma-related mortality, which may be partially attributed to presentation at atypical sites and a lack of awareness. Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of a melanoma educational intervention targeted towards people of color. Participants received one of two scripted melanoma educational interventions in the summer of 2015. They completed surveys before the intervention, immediately post-intervention, and 2 months post-intervention. Dermatology clinic at an academic hospital. A consecutive sample of 100 participants who self-identified as African American, Asian, or Hispanic were recruited following their dermatology visit. In total, 70 participants completed the 2-month follow-up questionnaire. The comparison intervention group received an educational intervention using a conventional pamphlet on the ‘ABCDEs’ (Asymmetry, Borders, Color, Diameter, Evolution) of melanoma. The targeted intervention group received a modified pamphlet that included a skin of color section, the nomenclature “melanoma skin cancer”, and an image of an individual performing a skin self-examination with the help of a friend. Melanoma knowledge, perceived risk for developing melanoma, and skin self-examination practices were assessed through self-reported questionnaires. Among the 100 participants, 78% self-identified as African American, 11% as Asian, and 11% as Hispanic. Both groups experienced a similar increase in melanoma knowledge that was retained at 2 months. Perceived personal risk for developing melanoma increased more in the targeted intervention group immediately post-intervention (p = 0.015), but this difference no longer existed between the groups at the 2-month follow-up. The targeted intervention group also demonstrated a greater increase in skin self-examinations (p = 0.048) and knowledge of warning signs to look for when examining the skin (p = 0.002) at the 2-month follow-up. The educational intervention targeted towards people of color resulted in increased skin self-examinations. Educational material that is relevant to ethnic minorities may better promote early detection and help to decrease the disparity in melanoma-related morality rates. Clinicaltrials.gov registration number NCT02437305.
Differential Equations from Increment Geometry

The three curves in this chapter illustrate an important idea of calculus: they are each described by a differential equation, which in turn comes from studying properties of a tiny increment of the curve without knowing the curve itself in advance. The curves have a physical description - they are quite concrete - but the tractrix and catenary provide important examples in differential geometry and the calculus of variations. In other words, these curves are important in mathematics.
Solubility Product of Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Hexahydrate at Various Temperatures

AbstractThe solubility of magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) was determined in aqueous solution at 25, 35, 38, and 45C. The thermodynamic solubility product was determined at each temperature.
Information Flow in Decentralized Systems

An important aspect of the design of large scale engineering systems is the specification of interfaces between various controller and measurement subsystems and of the information that must cross these interfaces. Examples drawn from aerospace, transportation, power, and communications systems are given to illustrate this point. A formal theory of interface design is presently unavailable, and so several heuristic approaches are described.
Job Crafting: Older Workers’ Mechanism for Maintaining Person-Job Fit

Aging at work is a dynamic process. As individuals age, their motives, abilities and values change as suggested by life-span development theories (Kanfer & Ackerman, 2004; Lang & Carstensen, 2002). Their growth and extrinsic motives weaken while intrinsic motives increase (Kooij, De Lange, Jansen, Kanfer, & Dikkers, 2011), which may result in workers investing their resources in different areas accordingly. However, there is significant individual variability in aging trajectories (Hedge, Borman, & Lammlein, 2005). In addition, the changing nature of work, the evolving job demands, as well as the available opportunities at work may no longer be suitable for older workers, increasing the likelihood of person-job misfit. The potential misfit may, in turn, impact how older workers perceive themselves on the job, which leads to conflicting work identities. With the traditional job redesign approach being a top-down process, it is often difficult for organizations to take individual needs and skills into consideration and tailor jobs for every employee (Berg, Dutton, & Wrzesniewski, 2010). Therefore, job crafting, being an individualized process initiated by employees themselves, can be a particularly valuable mechanism for older workers to realign and enhance their demands-abilities and needs-supplies fit. Through job crafting, employees can exert personal agency and make changes to the task, social and cognitive aspects of their jobs with the goal of improving their work experience (Wrzesniewski & Dutton, 2001). Building on the Life Span Theory of Control (Heckhausen & Schulz, 1995), we posit that job crafting, particularly cognitive crafting, will be of increasing value as employees age. Through reframing how they think of their job and choosing to emphasize job features that are personally meaningful, older workers can optimize their resources to proactively redesign their jobs and maintain congruent, positive work identities.
Trauma and spirituality: Empirical advances in an understudied area of community experience

Trauma and spirituality represent an understudied area of community experience. As in introductory article for this themed issue for the Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, this article describes the importance of considering these topics together for individuals and communities across the world.
Nurse Practitioners and Primary Care for Older Adults

Nurse practitioners (NPs) provide many different types of healthcare services to older adults in a variety of settings. Depending on the state, nurse practitioners may work independently, but most often collaborate as a member of the interprofessional team. Studies of NP practice have consistently shown that NPs provide high-quality care, and over the past decade, there have been a number of innovative delivery models in which nurse practitioners have played an important role. This chapter outlines the various NP roles within these delivery models that occur in both inpatient and outpatient settings.
Predicting solubility and swelling ratio of blowing agents in rubbery polymers using PC-SAFT Equation of State

Abstract The PC-SAFT Equation of State is applied here to study polymer – blowing agent phase equilibrium in various systems of industrial interest. Where required, PC-SAFT parameters of blowing agents and polymers are obtained by regression to experimental data. Gas solubility and swelling ratio of polymer material predicted by PC-SAFT is seen to agree well with experiments. The PC-SAFT model is then extended to predict gas solubility and swelling ratio in a broad range of operating conditions, well beyond those reported by corresponding experiments. PC-SAFT has also been robust in predicting gas solubility in random copolymer or gas blend foaming systems showing additional degrees of freedom in foam formulation design, and requiring only inputs from the individual homopolymer or single blowing agent systems. From this work, PC-SAFT offers a reliable method to extrapolate existing measured data and provide guidelines for screening and design of new products and processes.
Retinopathy and Mortality

Objective. We evaluated the specific association between retinopathy and all-cause mortality among a national sample of the broader U.S. adult population. Methods. Data from the 2005–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to identify 4,777 adults with complete data regarding screening for nonproliferative retinopathy using Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grading criteria, as well as objective retinal imaging assessments using the Canon Non-Mydriatic Retinal Camera CR6-45NM. Participants were not included if they had been diagnosed with coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, heart attack, or stroke at the baseline assessment. Results. Both mild and moderate/severe retinopathy were associated with increased all-cause mortality risk in unadjusted and adjusted models. In the adjusted model, and when compared to those with no retinopathy, those with mild and moderate/severe retinopathy, respectively, had 81% (hazard ratio [HR] 1.81, 95% CI 1.29–2.55) and 314% (HR 4.14, 95% CI 1.77–9.69) increased risks of all-cause mortality. Conclusion. In this nationally representative sample of adults, those with mild or moderate/severe retinopathy were at increased risk of all-cause mortality.
Electromigration characteristics of power grid like structures

Voltage drop (IR drop) and Electromigration (EM) reliability are two key related aspects for on-chip power grid design considerations. Good EM reliability ensures no EM induced void formation in the interconnect to cause a fatal resistance increase during product lifetime. It is important to understand the difference of EM characteristics between a power grid and traditional single link EM structures. In this paper, we report the experimental results of EM characteristics of power grid like structures, to demonstrate the power grid design environment, and physical and statistical redundancy benefits for EM reliability. These results can serve as fundamental references for power grid EM limit determination.
Math Makes the Movies An Interview with Edwin Catmull

(2001). Math Makes the Movies An Interview with Edwin Catmull. Math Horizons: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 5-7.
Rituximab during pregnancy in neuromyelitis optica: A case report

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune disorder of the CNS, which predominantly targets the optic nerves and spinal cord leading to blindness and paralysis.1 There is a 6–9:1 ratio affecting females far more often than males, and there is an increased risk of relapse during and immediately after pregnancy.2 B-cell depletion therapy has been reported to prevent rebound in postpartum relapses.3,4 In this report, we describe the safety and clinical effect of B-cell depletion in both the patient and her infant baby.
MK-8825: A Potent and Selective CGRP Receptor Antagonist with Good Oral Activity in Rats.

Compound (I), an analogue of the clinically tested calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist MK-3207, is identified as a CGRP receptor antagonist with suitable potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetics to interrogate the in vivo effects of receptor blockade.
Neural Abstractive Text Summarization and Fake News Detection

In this work, we study abstractive text summarization by exploring different models such as LSTM-encoder-decoder with attention, pointer-generator networks, coverage mechanisms, and transformers. Upon extensive and careful hyperparameter tuning we compare the proposed architectures against each other for the abstractive text summarization task. Finally, as an extension of our work, we apply our text summarization model as a feature extractor for a fake news detection task where the news articles prior to classification will be summarized and the results are compared against the classification using only the original news text. keywords: LSTM, encoder-deconder, abstractive text summarization, pointer-generator, coverage mechanism, transformers, fake news detection
Chemical Exploration with Virtual Reality in Organic Teaching Laboratories

While virtual reality (VR) is emerging as an interactive tool for chemical education, its application and assessment for chemical education are still limited. Thus, an educational VR activity based...
Pathophysiology of Basal Cell Carcinoma and Its Associated Genetic Syndromes

Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are the most common human malignancy and arise from the basal cell layer of the epidermis. Since the epidermis is the first line of defense from environmental insults such as ultraviolet radiation, BCCs are among the most highly mutated of human tumors. While the vast majority of patients with BCC develop the tumors in sporadic fashion, germline mutations in humans exist that can significantly increase the risk of BCC. Since basal cells are exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, recessive germline mutations can lead to cancers when the normal copy is mutated by environmental insults such UV radiation.
Mechanisms and Regulation of Neuronal GABA B Receptor-Dependent Signaling

γ-Aminobutyric acid B receptors (GABABRs) are broadly expressed throughout the central nervous system where they play an important role in regulating neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission. GABABRs are G protein-coupled receptors that mediate slow and sustained inhibitory actions via modulation of several downstream effector enzymes and ion channels. GABABRs are obligate heterodimers that associate with diverse arrays of proteins to form modular complexes that carry out distinct physiological functions. GABABR-dependent signaling is fine-tuned and regulated through a multitude of mechanisms that are relevant to physiological and pathophysiological states. This review summarizes the current knowledge on GABABR signal transduction and discusses key factors that influence the strength and sensitivity of GABABR-dependent signaling in neurons.
SEEC: Semantic Vector Federation across Edge Computing Environments.

Semantic vector embedding techniques have proven useful in learning semantic representations of data across multiple domains. A key application enabled by such techniques is the ability to measure semantic similarity between given data samples and find data most similar to a given sample. State-of-the-art embedding approaches assume all data is available on a single site. However, in many business settings, data is distributed across multiple edge locations and cannot be aggregated due to a variety of constraints. Hence, the applicability of state-of-the-art embedding approaches is limited to freely shared datasets, leaving out applications with sensitive or mission-critical data. This paper addresses this gap by proposing novel unsupervised algorithms called \emph{SEEC} for learning and applying semantic vector embedding in a variety of distributed settings. Specifically, for scenarios where multiple edge locations can engage in joint learning, we adapt the recently proposed federated learning techniques for semantic vector embedding. Where joint learning is not possible, we propose novel semantic vector translation algorithms to enable semantic query across multiple edge locations, each with its own semantic vector-space. Experimental results on natural language as well as graph datasets show that this may be a promising new direction.
Ion modes in dense ionized plasmas through nonadiabatic molecular dynamics

The authors perform wave-packet molecular dynamics simulations to investigate non-adiabatic effects on the ion structure factor and sound speed of dense plasmas.
Regulation of Plant Gene Expression

Differential gene expression is required to establish and maintain specific developmental states in higher plants. For example, an anther has at least 11000 diverse mRNAs that are absent from the polysomes of other organ systems, and the root has at least 7000 organ-specific mRNAs. Both transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes regulate the sequence composition and prevalence distribution of each developmental-specific mRNA set. Soybean seed protein genes represent an excellent example of a highly regulated gene set. These genes are temporally and spatially regulated during embryogenesis, and are either inactive or expressed at low levels in mature plant organ systems. Gene transfer experiments indicate that soybean seed protein genes retain their developmental-specific expression programme in transformed tobacco plants. In addition, large polygenic clusters can be transferred from soybean to tobacco, and the expression pattern of each gene within the cluster is maintained in the foreign cell environment. Although the DNA sequences and cellular factors required to control seed protein gene expression are not yet known, gene transfer studies and emerging DNA binding protein technology should facilitate their identification in the near future.
Nationality dominates gender in decision-making in the Dictator and Prisoner’s Dilemma Games

Across a variety of contexts, adults tend to cooperate more with ingroup members than outgroup members. However, humans belong to multiple social groups simultaneously and we know little about how this cross-categorization affects cooperative decision-making. Nationality and gender are two social categories that are ripe for exploration in this regard: They regularly intersect in the real world and we know that each affects cooperation in isolation. Here we explore two hypotheses concerning the effects of cross-categorization on cooperative decision-making. First, the additivity hypothesis (H1), which proposes that the effects of social categories are additive, suggesting that people will be most likely to cooperate with partners who are nationality and gender ingroup members. Second, the category dominance hypothesis (H2), which proposes that one category will outcompete the other in driving decision-making, suggesting that either nationality or gender information will be privileged in cooperative contexts. Secondarily, we test whether identification with-and implicit bias toward-nationality and gender categories predict decision-making. Indian and US Americans (N = 479), made decisions in two cooperative contexts-the Dictator and Prisoner's Dilemma Games-when paired with partners of all four social categories: Indian women and men, and US American women and men. Nationality exerted a stronger influence than gender: people shared and cooperated more with own-nationality partners and believed that own-nationality partners would be more cooperative. Both identification with-and implicit preferences for-own-nationality, led to more sharing in the Dictator Game. Our findings are most consistent with H2, suggesting that when presented simultaneously, nationality, but not gender, exerts an important influence on cooperative decision-making. Our study highlights the importance of testing cooperation in more realistic intergroup contexts, ones in which multiple social categories are in play.
Well-Dispersed Nanocomposites Using Covalently Modified, Multilayer, 2D Titanium Carbide (MXene) and In-Situ “Click” Polymerization

Despite the excellent mechanical and electrical performance of MXene–polymer nanocomposites, methods for producing these materials on a larger scale are limited by low-yielding, delaminated, MXene ...
Outcomes Associated With Norepinephrine Use Among Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Patients with Severe Shock.

BACKGROUND Recent data suggests improved outcomes among cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) patients treated with norepinephrine, especially patients with severe shock. We aimed to describe the association between norepinephrine and mortality in CICU patients with severe shock, defined as those requiring high-dose vasopressors (HDV). MATERIALS AND RESULTS We retrospectively evaluated Mayo Clinic CICU patients treated with vasopressors from 2007 to 2015. HDV was defined as a peak Cumulative Vasopressor Index of four for any vasopressor. Peak norepinephrine equivalent (NEE) dose was used to compare vasopressor doses. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine predictors of hospital mortality. RESULTS We included 2,090 patients with a median age of 69 years (IQR 59-78), including 35% females; 44% of patients received HDV. Hospital mortality was higher among patients receiving HDV (42% vs. 16%, unadjusted OR 3.87, 95% CI 3.16-4.75, P < 0.01). On multivariable analysis in HDV patients, hospital mortality increased with rising peak NEE (adjusted OR 1.02 per 0.01 mcg/kg/min, 95% CI 1.01-1.02, P < 0.01) and the use of NE was associated with lower hospital mortality (adjusted OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.31-0.72, P < 0.01). After adjustment for illness severity, peak NEE and norepinephrine use were not associated with mortality among patients who did not require HDV. CONCLUSIONS Mortality is high among CICU patients requiring HDV, and rises with increasing vasopressor requirements. Use of NE was associated with lower mortality among patients requiring HDV, but not among those without HDV, implying that patients with more severe shock may benefit from preferential use of NE.
Longitudinal course of mental health symptoms among veterans with and without cannabis use disorder.

OBJECTIVE Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is the most common non-alcohol related substance use disorder (SUD) in the United States and is especially prevalent among returning veterans. The long-term mental health correlates of CUD remain unknown, which is significant given the rise in legalization and also recreational and medicinal cannabis use nationally. METHOD Using a gender-balanced, national sample of 1,649 veterans (n = 115 with CUD; 75.2% White; M age = 37.49, SD = 9.88), we used latent growth curve modeling to examine posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity, depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety, alcohol use, and psychosocial functioning between veterans with versus without a prior diagnosis of CUD over five time points, spanning an average of 7 years. RESULTS Returning veterans with CUD compared to those without reported higher alcohol use, depression, anxiety, PTSD symptom severity, and worse psychosocial functioning at baseline. We observed nonlinear change across each outcome. We also found that CUD moderated change in alcohol use (quadratic: b = -.129, p < .001) and PTSD symptoms (quadratic: b = -.280, p = .019), such that individuals with CUD evidenced decelerated change and worse outcomes relative to veterans without a previously documented CUD diagnosis. Trajectories of depression, anxiety, and psychosocial functioning were similar across individuals with versus without CUD. CONCLUSIONS In the first long-term and longitudinal evaluation of mental health and alcohol use course among returning veterans, CUD was associated with worse and more persistent alcohol use and PTSD symptom severity over time. These data have implications for clinical assessment, case conceptualization, and treatment of veterans and may inform efforts to offset risk for hazardous drinking and PTSD following a diagnosis of CUD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Antitrust Liability for Attempts to Influence Government Action: The Basis and Limits of the Noerr--Pennington Doctrine

With government regulation of the economy proliferating, courts increasingly face the question whether private parties can jointly attempt to attain anticompetitive ends by petitioning the government without violating the Sherman Act.' Adverse effects on competition may result from the petitioning activity itself or from the government action sought. While the broad language of the Act2 could be construed to prohibit all such joint efforts as "combination[s] . . . in restraint of trade," the Supreme Court has rejected this interpretation.3 The extent to which attempts to influence the government are exempt from the antitrust laws is determined by the Noerr-Pennington doctrine, a shorthand description of the seminal Supreme Court cases in this area. The precise basis and limits of this exemption from the antitrust laws, however, have yet to be unequivocally articulated. Establishing the scope of this exemption has proven difficult largely because of the variety of governmental institutions whose decisions affect private economic interests and the diverse means that private parties utilize in attempting to influence these institutions. Private anticompetitive ends may be sought, for example, by lobbying the legislature to enact a statute,4 petitioning the executive to enforce a law in a certain manner,5 opposing the grant of a license
Correlation-Driven Metal-Insulator Transitions

The effect of correlation-driven electronic transitions are described for the V2O3, NiS 2- x Sex , and Fe3O4 systems. The various tranformations can all be rationalized in terms of elementary concepts pertaining to the Mott— Hubbard intraatomic electronic interactions or in terms of an order- -disorder formalism involving Coulomb interactions among electrons on ad- jacent sites. Attention is directed to some outstanding issues that require further resolution.