cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
United States Burden of Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer from 1990 to 2019.

Background Skin cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. Objective To evaluate the burden of skin cancer in the US from 1990 to 2019. Methods Age-standardized incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALY), and mortality rates from skin cancer in the US were evaluated from the Global Burden of Disease 2019. Results Incidence, prevalence, DALY, and mortality rates for melanoma per 100,000 persons in 2019 were 17.0, 138, 64.8, and 2.2, respectively; for squamous cell carcinoma, rates were 262, 314, 26.6, and 0.8, respectively; and for basal cell carcinoma, rates were 525, 51.2, 0.2, and zero, respectively. Incidence and prevalence rates of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) have increased since 1990, while mortality rates have remained fairly stable. Males have had higher incidence, prevalence, DALY, and mortality rates from melanoma and NMSC every year since 1990. Incidence and prevalence of melanoma was relatively higher in the northern half of the US than in the southern half. Limitations Global Burden of Disease is derived from estimation and mathematical modeling. Conclusions Health care professionals can utilize differences and trends noted in this study to guide allocation of resources to reduce incidence and morbidity from skin cancer.
Non-contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance detection of myocardial fibrosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) leads to progressive cardiomyopathy. Detection of myocardial fibrosis with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is critical for clinical management. Due to concerns of brain deposition of gadolinium, non-contrast methods for detecting and monitoring myocardial fibrosis would be beneficial. We hypothesized that native T1 mapping and/or circumferential (ecc) and longitudinal (els) strain can detect myocardial fibrosis. 156 CMRs with gadolinium were performed in 66 DMD boys and included: (1) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), (2) LGE, (3) native T1 mapping and myocardial tagging (ecc-tag measured using harmonic phase analysis). LGE was graded as: (1) presence/absence by segment, slice, and globally; (2) global severity from 0 (no LGE) to 4 (severe); (3) percent LGE using full width half maximum (FWHM). els and ecc measured using feature tracking. Regression models to predict LGE included native T1 and either ecc-tag or els and ecc measured at each segment, slice, and globally. Mean age and LVEF at first CMR were 14 years and 54%, respectively. Global els and ecc strongly predicted presence or absence of LGE (OR 2.6 [1.1, 6.0], p = 0.029, and OR 2.3 [1.0, 5.1], p = 0.049, respectively) while global native T1 did not. Global ecc, els, and native T1 predicted global severity score (OR 2.6 [1.4, 4.8], p = 0.002, OR 2.6 [1.4, 6.0], p = 0.002, and OR 1.8 [1.1, 3.1], p = 0.025, respectively). els correlated with change in LGE by severity score (n = 33, 3.8 [1.0, 14.2], p = 0.048) and ecc-tag correlated with change in percent LGE by FWHM (n = 34, OR 0.2 [0.1, 0.9], p = 0.01). Pre-contrast sequences predict presence and severity of LGE, with els and ecc being more predictive in most models, but there was not an observable advantage over using LVEF as a predictor. Change in LGE was predicted by els (global severity score) and ecc-tag (FWHM). While statistically significant, our results suggest these sequences are currently not a replacement for LGE and may only have utility in a very limited subset of DMD patients.
Patient-centered care or osteopathic manipulative treatment as mediators of clinical outcomes in patients with chronic low back pain.

CONTEXT Patient-centered care is often considered a characteristic of osteopathic medicine, in addition to the use of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) in such musculoskeletal conditions as low back pain. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine if patient-centered care or OMT are mediators of the clinical outcomes of osteopathic medicine in patients with chronic low back pain. METHODS A comparative effectiveness study was conducted within the Pain Registry for Epidemiological, Clinical, and Interventional Studies and Innovation (PRECISION Pain Research Registry). Eligible patients met the diagnostic criteria recommended by the National Institutes of Health Task Force on Research Standards for Chronic Low Back Pain and completed four consecutive quarterly encounters between April 2016 and November 2020. The Consultation and Relational Empathy instrument for patient-centered care was used at the baseline encounter and OMT use was measured at the final encounter. The clinical outcome measures included low back pain intensity on a numerical rating scale (NRS) from 0 to 10, back-related functioning on the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), and pain impact on the National Institutes of Health Minimum Dataset for Chronic Low Back Pain (NIH-MDS). A parallel multiple mediator model was used to compute the direct and indirect effects of osteopathic medicine in achieving each of the three clinical outcomes. RESULTS The 404 study patients had a mean age of 52.2 years (standard deviation, 13.1 years) and 288 (71.3%) were female. The 88 (21.8%) patients treated by osteopathic physicians reported more favorable scores for patient-centered care (mean, 41.3; 95% CI 39.0-43.5) than patients treated by allopathic physicians (mean, 38.0; 95% CI 36.8-39.3) (p=0.02). Fifty-six (63.6%) patients treated by osteopathic physicians used OMT. The age- and sex-adjusted outcomes for patients of osteopathic vs. allopathic physicians across all four encounters were: mean, 5.4; 95% CI 5.0-5.7 vs. mean, 5.9; 95% CI 5.7-6.1 on the NRS for pain intensity (p=0.01); mean, 11.3; 95% CI 10.1-12.6 vs. mean, 14.0; 95% CI 13.3-14.7 on the RMDQ for back-related disability (p<0.001); and mean, 26.8; 95% CI 24.9-28.7 vs. mean, 30.1; 95% CI 29.1-31.1 on the NIH-MDS for pain impact (p=0.002). Patient-centered care did not mediate any outcome of osteopathic medicine, whereas OMT mediated better outcomes in low back pain intensity. CONCLUSIONS This appears to be the first study to simultaneously address both patient-centered care and OMT as potential mediators of the effect of osteopathic medicine in treating chronic pain. Patient-centered care did not mediate the effects of osteopathic medicine and OMT only mediated outcomes relating to low back pain intensity. More research is needed to identify other aspects of osteopathic medicine that mediate its beneficial effects in patients with chronic low back pain.
Efficiency and Stability of Forced Hydraulic Jump

Criteria are established for the efficiency of the forced hydraulic jump and for two types of sill in contributing to the energy dissipation in sill-controlled open-channel flow transitions. The energy losses over the transition length are determined, and the expressions for efficiencies are formulated. The stability of the jump is shown to be related to the efficiency of the jump. The results are applicable to the evaluation of energy losses in hydraulic-jump stilling basins.
The Multifaceted Endeavor of Online Teaching: The Need for a New Lens

With the consistent demand and increase in online courses offered in higher education, more faculty are teaching online. In order to design and develop faculty development, research has employed several common frameworks: the technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK) framework (The Teachers College Record, 108(6), 1017–1054, 2006), the community of inquiry (CoI) (Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 5(2), 1–17, 2001), and Chickering and Gamson’s (American Association for Higher Education Bulletin, 8, 1987) seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education. The needs for technology training and changes in pedagogy/andragogy have been highlighted using these three frameworks. This chapter recommends the use of flow theory, from positive psychology, as a framework to guide future research in online teaching, especially with a focus on the experience of the online instructor. Flow theory encompasses both the cognitive and affective domains and can provide a more complete picture of the faculty experience. The broader, integrated picture of online teaching provided by flow theory will inform the design of more effective and focused professional development to support faculty as they transition from a novice to an expert online instructor.
Does theory of mind performance differ in children with early‐onset and regressive autism?

A deficit in theory of mind (ToM), or the ability to infer the mental states of others, has been implicated as one of the major characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); however, little attention has been devoted to possible differences in ToM ability within ASD. The current study examined ToM performance in children with early-onset autism and regressive autism in comparison to typically developing children. Results indicated that children in the regressive autism group performed significantly better than the early-onset autism group on the non-verbal appearance–reality task. Additionally, Fisher’s exact tests indicated a pattern of lowest scores in the early-onset group and highest scores in the typically developing group, whereas the regressive autism group tended to score in between the early-onset and typically developing groups. The apparent heterogeneity in ToM performance within ASD could account for the lack of universality in ToM ability found in previous studies.
The Influence of Combustion with Pressure Exchange on the Performance of Heat Balanced Internal Combustion Engines

The heat balanced or combined cycle engine with time dependent combustion sustained by two chamber geometry is demonstrated experimentally. Evidence of time dependent heat addition is given where combustion creates a field of pressure waves sustained by pressure exchange between two chambers. The basic cycle and operating characteristics are reviewed and experimental results with CFR and glass-walled engines demonstrate the engine characteristic as compared to OTTO engines. Improvements in thermal efficiency over the OTTO engine in excess of 45 percent are demonstrated in some operating regimes. Considerable reduction in peak pressure and exhaust emission is also demonstrated.
Abstract P160: Ankle-Brachial Index and Fracture Hospitalization in Middle-Aged Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Background: Several studies indicate that lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD), commonly defined by an ankle-brachial index (ABI) Methods: We studied 15,160 ARIC participants (age 45-64 years in 1987-1989) whose ABI was measured in a randomly selected leg at baseline. Hip or lower extremity fracture-related diagnostic codes were identified through active surveillance of hospitalizations. We used Cox proportional hazards to estimate the independent association between ABI including high ABI (≥1.4), a condition shown in PAD with vascular stiffness, and incident fracture hospitalization, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: There were 668 hip or lower extremity fracture hospitalizations during a median follow-up of 22 years. In the crude model, there was a dose-response relationship between low ABI and fracture risk (Table). However, only ABI 0.9-1.1 remained statistically significant after demographic adjustment compared to normal ABI (1.1-1.4) and inclusion of other covariates rendered this association non-significant. The results were largely consistent among most demographic and clinical subgroups, but we observed increased risk of fracture in low ABI ( Conclusion: An independent association of ABI with increased risk of hip or lower extremity fracture hospitalization was not that evident overall in our biracial population of middle-aged adults. However, ABI may contribute to increased risk of fracture in subgroups, warranting further investigation.
Acid-base regulation of intestinal oxalate transport (LB716)

Primary Hyperoxaluria (PH) is a rare, inherited disease caused by an absence of specific liver enzyme(s) leading to overproduction of oxalate (Ox2-), kidney stones and eventual renal failure. Along...
Miocene exhumation of the Pamir revealed by detrital geothermochronology of Tajik rivers

[1] The Pamir mountains are the western continuation of the Tibetan-Himalayan system, the largest and highest orogenic system on Earth. Detrital geothermochronology applied to modern river sands from the western Pamir of Tajikistan records the history of sediment source crystallization, cooling, and exhumation. This provides important information on the timing of tectonic processes, relief formation, and erosion during orogenesis. U-Pb geochronology of detrital zircons and 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology of white micas from five rivers draining distinct tectonic terranes in the western Pamir document Paleozoic through Cenozoic crystallization ages and a Miocene (13–21 Ma) cooling signal. Detrital zircon U-Pb ages show Proterozoic through Cenozoic ages and affinity with Asian rocks in Tibet. The detrital 40Ar/39Ar data set documents deep and regional exhumation of the Pamir mountains >30 Myr after Indo-Asia collision, which is best explained with widespread erosion of metamorphic domes. This exhumation signal coincides with deposition of over 6 km of conglomerates in the adjacent foreland, documenting high subsidence, sedimentation, and regional exhumation in the region. Our data are consistent with a high relief landscape and orogen-wide exhumation at ∼13–21 Ma and correlate with the timing of exhumation of the Pamir gneiss domes. This exhumation is younger in the Pamir than that observed in neighboring Tibet and is consistent with higher magnitude Cenozoic deformation and shortening in this part of the orogenic system.
Recurrence of peptic ulcer in man as affected by treatment with an enterogastrone preparation.

Summary 1.Forty-six patients who received a course of enterogastrone injections (in most instances 3 or 6 times per week for one year) and whose subsequent course after stopping the treatment has been followed for as long as 5 years are reported upon. 2.During the year of treatment 41 per cent of the patients were symptom free and an additional 46 per cent had fewer recurrences. At the end of the second year (after discontinuing treatment) 40 per cent had fewer recurrences. 3.The average of the longest symptom free period in these 46 patients was 0.3 year during the 2 year period prior to therapy and 0.9 year after the therapy. The difference between 0.3 and 0.9 year is statistically significant. 4.Our results are sufficiently clear to cause us to conclude that there is probably an antiulcer substance in the enterogastrone preparation which tends to prevent recurrences in man. The purification of this factor is the subject of continuing research.
Lipolysis of milk fat by pregastric esterase in the abomasum of the calf.

Abstract The role of pregastric esterase in the abomasal digestion of milk fat was studied in calves having fistulae both in the rumen and the duodenum. Two systems of feeding were employed. Whole milk either was nipple-fed (oral feeding) or was infused directly into the abomasum via the rumen fistula (abomasal feeding). The latter method bypasses the site of pregastric esterase secretion. After feeding, serial collections of the digesta passing from the abomasum into the duodenum were taken for 10 hr. Each hourly sample was analyzed for butyric acid, both total and free, and for higher fatty acids, both total and free. When the milk was fed orally, a high proportion of the total butyric was present as the free acid. When pregastric esterase was excluded by abomasal feeding, however, only a small percentage of the total butyric was present as the free acid. A similar contrast between the two feeding systems was noted also for the higher fatty acids, though the difference was not so great as that observed for butyric acid. These observations suggest that pregastric esterase may be of greater importance than gastric lipase in the abomasal digestion of milk fat.
Pisotriquetral arthrodesis as an alternative to excision for pisotriquetral instability in high-demand patients: a case report in a gymnast.

A gymanast developed ulnar wrist pain caused by pisotriquetral instability. Pisotriquetral arthrodesis resulted in pain relief and sufficient functional return to allow her to return to gymnastics. Pisotriquetral arthrodesis is a feasible alternative to pisiform excision worth consideration in high-demand patients with symptomatic pisotriquetral instability or arthrosis. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic, Level V.
Alternative Approaches to the Management of Prostatitis: Biofeedback, Progressive Relaxation and the Concept of Functional Somatic Syndromes

Abstract Specific mechanisms underlying chronic pelvic pain syndrome have yet to be identified. However, the disorder has features common to other chronic pain syndromes, such as fibromyalgia and chronic pelvic pain in women. Like other chronic pain patients, men presenting with chronic prostatitis may meet diagnostic criteria for other functional pain syndromes as well as affective disorders, which should be screened for. Finally, as with other chronic pain conditions, chronic nonbacterial prostatitis patients respond very well to non-specific modalities that act to reduce stress and/or muscle tension, including progressive relaxation and biofeedback.
Sex pheromone communication in the lepidoptera: New research progress

Significant progress has been made recently in research on lepidopterous sex pheromones. Advances in understanding the biochemical, neurobiological, and behavioral events that results in both successful and unsuccessful pheromone communication have allowed researchers to gain new insights into the genetic control and evolution of phermone systems.
Liberal or Mechanical? Optical Aids and Renaissance Art

Optical and drawing aids have been known at least since Aristotle. However, they took on particular importance in Renaissance since their use was closely tied to changing notions of artistic status, competing models of perception, and not least to the formulation of a recognizably modern conception of art making.
Large-scale fuel ethanol from lignocellulose. Potential, economics and research priorities.

Ethanol produced from lignocellulose is considered as a largescale transportation fuel in the United States. Five key issues are identified and considered in relation to the status of current and foreseeable technology. These are: conversion and production energy balances, suitability of ethanol as a transportation fuel, air quality impacts, raw material supply, and cost. Energy balances and fuel characteristics appear to be consistent with large-scale transportation fuel use of ethanol produced from lignocellulose. Local and global air-quality benefits are expected to accompany use of lignocellulose ethanol. Raw material availability is examined for wastes and for trees and grasses grown as energy crops. Ethanol production levels appear unlikely to be limited by raw material availability as long as economic and other factors are sufficiently favorable to justify allocation of land for this use. Projected ethanol production costs based on current directions of research would allow neat ethanol to become competitive with gasoline by the year 2000 according to current oil price predictions. Biological process steps have the largest contribution to overall costs, are among the least developed aspects of the technology, and appear to have the greatest potential for improvement. Research priorities are discussed.
Research on Service Impact Analysis for Power Communication Network Based on N-1 Principle

In order to realize impact analysis for power communication service, we introduce service-concerned resource models, on which we based to present a new method for service impact analysis as well as a classification for service impact type and impact degree, combining the intersection theory with fault tree method. As applications, we managed to implement this model and method for N-1 service impact analysis in case of fault alarm, cracking performance and maintenance. As an extension, we introduce a brief model for N-x analysis. These implements will improve the intelligent level of power telecommunication service impact analysis.
Ring-Centered Heterocyclic Cations and the Direct Heteroarylation of Aromatic and Heterocyclic Compounds1

The protonation of heterocyclic diazotates (attachment adjacent to a nitrogen atom) yields ring-centered heterocyclic carbocations that are highly reactive. The carbocations were found to alkylate aromatic and heterocyclic compounds, such as benzene, N-methylpyrrole, and 2-aminopyridine, in reactions that are synthetically useful. This carbocation involvement may serve as a paradigm for the cross-linking of DNA by nitrous acid and the anticancer activity of heterocyclic diazotates.
The occurrence and origin of certain vitamins in human saliva.

Abstract The chemical forms of certain B-vitamin groups, namely folic acid, pantothenic acid and vitamin B6, were studied in incubated human saliva by chromatographic procedures. Furthermore, to study the possible contribution of bacteria to vitamin levels in saliva, the population changes of certain bacterial groups were followed. Pure cultures of streptococci, lactobacilli, fusobacteria and veillonellae isolated from saliva were also used to determine whether they would change the vitamin levels in saliva. The identification of the vitamin forms was made by comparison with known standards on the chromatograms. Chromatography of saliva revealed that compounds similar to folic acid and coenzyme A are present in fresh autoclaved saliva. Upon incubation of fresh saliva, folic acid, citrovorum factor and an unidentified folic acidlike compound, coenzyme A and pyridoxine became detectable. Bacteriological studies of incubated salivas showed that fusobacteria and veillonellae grew in the absence of added glucose, whereas streptococci and lactobacilli increased only in the presence of added glucose. Results from pure culture saliva studies indicate that, of the organisms studied, the streptococci were the only ones consistently capable of growth. This was accompanied by an increase in folic acid levels. Vitamin B6 levels were increased by all pure cultures but the pantothenate levels were variable.
Development of Open-Scope Subfascial Perforating Vein Surgery: Lessons Learned from the First 67 Cases

Although perforating vein surgery in treatment and prevention of venous ulcers remains controversial, minimization of the procedure has allowed its reevaluation. We have chosen to develop the technique using a single port and an open scope using a variety of mostly nondisposable instrumentation. Since our first subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgical (SEPS) procedure in July 1993, we have operated on 67 limbs in 62 patients (27 women, 35 men) ranging in age from 24 to 85 years. Using CEAP criteria, there were 16 limbs in class 4, 13 in class 5, and 38 in class 6. Preoperative investigations included duplex ultrasound in 35 cases, ascending phlebography in 29 cases, and selective use of physiologic testing with air plethysmography (APG) in 12 patients. A variety of initial explorations using different-diameter scopes has given way to single-port methodology for medial leg exploration. A mean of 3.08 perforators per patient was interrupted using electrocoagulation or metal clips and scissor division. This technique, as developed, allows same-day or short-stay (
Formation of extracellular nuclear masses in organotypic cultures of rat retina.

Abstract In developing organotypic cultures of rat neural retina, coalescing pyknotic and disintegrating cell nuclei may form extracellular nuclear masses. In the living state, these structures may be mistakenly identified as lipid droplets, which also are seen frequently in CNS cultures. The presence of nuclear masses should be determined before quantitation of nucleic acids in tissue culture.
Inhibition of the larval ecdysis and emergence behavior of the parasitoid Cotesia congregata by methoprene.

Abstract Parasitism of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, by the braconid wasp Cotesia congregata, induces developmental arrest of the host in the larval stage. During the final instar of the host, its juvenile hormone (JH) titer is elevated, preventing host metamorphosis. This study investigated the effects of hormonal manipulation of the host on the parasitoid’s emergence behavior. The second larval ecdysis of the wasps coincides with their emergence from the host, and application of the juvenile hormone analogue methoprene to day 4 fifth instar hosts either delayed or totally suppressed the subsequent emergence of the wasps. Effects of methoprene were dose-dependent and no parasitoids emerged following treatment of host larvae with doses >50 μg. Parasitoids which failed to emerge eventually succumbed as unecydsed pharate third instar larvae in the hemocoel of the host. Effects of host methoprene treatment on parasitoid metamorphosis were also assessed, and metamorphic disruption occurred at much lower dosages compared with doses necessary to suppress parasitoid emergence behavior. The inhibitory effect of methoprene on parasitoid emergence behavior appears to be mediated by effects of this hormone on the synthesis or release of ecdysis-triggering hormone (ETH) in the parasitoid, the proximate endocrine cue which triggers ecdysis behavior in free-living insects. ETH accumulated in the epitracheal Inka cells of parasitoids developing in methoprene-treated hosts, suggestive of a lack of hormone release. Thus, the hormonal modulation of parasitoid emergence behavior appears to be complex, involving a suite of hormones including JH, ecdysteroid, and peptide hormones.
Ellagic acid modulates lipid accumulation in primary human adipocytes and human hepatoma Huh7 cells via discrete mechanisms.

Abstract Previously, we have reported that consumption of a muscadine grape phytochemical powder (MGP) decreased lipid accumulation in high-fat fed mice. The aim of this study was to identify the responsible polyphenolic constituents and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. In mice, MGP supplementation significantly reduced visceral fat mass as well as adipocyte size. To determine whether MGP affects adipogenesis or hypertrophic lipid accumulation, we used a human adipogenic stem cell ( h ASCs) model. Among the MGP, ellagic acid (EA) was identified as a potent negative regulator of adipogenesis of h ASCs. In addition, EA substantially decreased the conversion of [ 3 H]-acetyl CoA into fatty acids (FAs), suggesting that EA inhibits de novo synthesis of FA in mature adipocytes. Similarly, MGP supplementation significantly decreased hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels. The TG-lowering effects of EA were confirmed in human hepatoma Huh7 cells. EA reduced [ 3 H]-oleic acid esterification into [ 3 H]-TG as well as the de novo synthesis of FA from [ 3 H]-acetyl CoA in Huh7 cells. Intriguingly, EA also increased oxygen consumption rate and β-oxidation-related gene expression. Taken together, EA attenuated new fat cell formation and FA biosynthesis in adipose tissue, while it reduced the synthesis of TG and FA and increased FA oxidation in the liver. These results suggest that EA exerts unique lipid-lowering effects both in adipose tissue and liver via discrete mechanisms.
Effect of dietary protein, lipid and carbohydrate content on the growth, feed efficiency and carcass composition of striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), fingerlings

. Two 6-week experiments were conducted with age-0 striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum). In the first experiment, fish were fed isocaloric diets that contained 20–65% protein. In the second experiment, fish were fed isonitrogenous diets (42–46% protein) that contained 6–29% dextrin or 8–25% cod liver oil. Maximum weight gain, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were achieved with a 52% protein diet. Net protein utilization was inversely related to dietary protein concentration. In the second experiment, maximum growth was achieved with a 33% carbohydrate diet (based on nitrogen free extract); and with a 17% lipid diet (based on ether extract). Increasing dietary lipid beyond 17% resulted in growth depression. No negative impacts on carcass composition as a result of increasing dietary dextrin or lipid were judged to have occurred.
A Demonstration of Conjoint Analysis for Organizational Research

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the potential usefulness of conjoint analysis for organizational research, as evidenced in estimating the compensating wage differential of the four-day workweek. Five hundred and seventeen employees of an insurance company on the four-day workweek rated their preferences for increments and decrements in compensation and vacation time on both a four-day and five-day workweek. The data were analysed via conjoint analysis. The results revealed the four-day workweek schedule had a positive compensating wage differential of approximately US$1161, or about 6% of the sample's annual salary. The findings were discussed in terms of the prospects of using conjoint analysis for organizational research, including means of data collection, stimulus construction, parameter estimation methods, reliability, validity and computer-interactive systems.
Metabolic consequences of glucose-insulin-potassium infusion in treatment of acute myocardial infarction

Eighteen patients treated with glucose-insulin-potassium infusion for anaerobic support of acutely ischemic myocardial tissue were studied to ascertain the metabolic consequences of this therapy, for acute myocardial infarction. Twelve patients with acute myocardial infarction were treated in a conventional manner and served as control subjects. The glucose-insulin-potassium solution was composed of 300 g of glucose, 50 units of regular insulin and 80 mEq of potassium ion per liter, and was infused at a rate of 1.5 ml/kg per hour through the right atrial port of an indwelling Swan-Ganz thermodilution catheter. Serial measurements of serum electrolytes, cardiac and hepatic enzymes, glucose and osmolality were obtained every 4 to 6 hours for 4 days. Twenty-four urinary volume and potassium levels were measured daily. Pulmonary arterial end-diastolic pressure was measured hourly and the cardiac index daily for the duration of the study. Serum potassium increased to 5 mEq/liter during the infusion and to more than 6 mEq/liter after infusion in 28 percent of patients. No recognizable complications or arrhythmias accompanied this transient hyperkalemia. Potassium balance studies revealed a net total body potassium ion gain of 120 MEq during the study. The second most frequent finding was an elevation of serum glucose (mean 175 mg/100 ml); in all instances this was controlled with supplemental administration of insulin. The serum osmolality and fluid balance remained normal in all patients during the study. Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and fraction 5 of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were increased in 34 percent of the patients during the last 12 to 18 hours of the glucose-insulin-potassium infusion. Characterization of these enzymes suggested a hepatic origin for these changes. This study suggests that glucose-insulin-potassium infusion is a relatively safe procedure in which postinfusion hyperkalemia is the most serious potential complication.
Spectral and magnetic transitions in the quantum Ising model.

The quantum Ising model in a transverse field is studied where the exchange interaction is a modulating function of sites with many harmonics. The magnetically disordered phase is found to exhibit a ``mixed'' spectrum containing both critical and localized states, while the magnetically ordered phase has a pure spectrum with all states localized. Therefore, the spectral transition, although broadened, occurs simulataneously with the magnetic transition, and the magnetic disorder is accompanied by spectral disorder.
High-power ZBLAN glass fiber lasers: Review and prospect

ZBLAN (ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlF3-NaF), considered as the most stable heavy metal fluoride glass and the excellent host for rare-earth ions, has been extensively used for efficient and compact ultraviolet, visible, and infrared fiber lasers due to its low intrinsic loss, wide transparency window, and small phonon energy. In this paper, the historical progress and the properties of fluoride glasses and the fabrication of ZBLAN fibers are briefly described. Advances of infrared, upconversion, and supercontinuum ZBLAN fiber lasers are addressed in detail. Finally, constraints on the power scaling of ZBLAN fiber lasers are analyzed and discussed. ZBLAN fiber lasers are showing promise of generating high-power emissions covering from ultraviolet to mid-infrared considering the recent advances in newly designed optical fibers, beam-shaped high-power pump diodes, beam combining techniques, and heat-dissipating technology.
Mechanism of stimulation of cholesterol absorption by 2-ethyl-n-caproic acid in vivo.

Abstract Studies on the mechanism of stimulation of [7α-3H]cholesterol absorption by 2-ethyl-n-caproic acid have been carried out in lymph- and portal-vein cannulated rats. About 15% of administered cholesterol was absorbed in 8 h when the sterol was given with oleic acid alone. The administration of 2-ethyl-n-caproic acid together with oleic acid and cholesterol significantly increased the absorption of cholesterol to 23%. Simultaneous determination of fatty acid absorption and esterification showed that 44% of the fed [1-14C]oleic acid was recovered in thoracic duct lymph in 8 h, and about 15% of the long-chain acid was transported directly via portal blood. However, in the presence of 2-ethyl-n-caproic acid, only 22% of the administered [1-14C]Oleic acid was recovered in lymph, while 40% was transported directly into portal system. This effect of the branched-chain fatty acid was most pronounced 4–8 h after feeding. In this group there was a reduction in total lymph triglycerides and a slight increase in lymph free fatty acids. These data support the earlier suggestion that the primary effect of 2-ethyl-n-caproic acid is inhibition of triglyceride synthesis in intestinal mucosa, resulting in increased transport of free fatty acids via portal blood and increased availability of fatty acids for cholesterol esterification and absorption.
EXPERIMENTAL IgA NEPHROPATHY IN MICE

IgA mesangial deposits are commonly associated with IgA-IgG nephropathy (Berger's disease) and anaphylactoid purpura. Since it has been demonstrated that orally administered ferritin induces specific IgA anti-ferritin antibody in mice, we studied the effects of orally administered ferritin on renal structure and immunohistology in four groups of adult Swiss Webster mice. Group I received ferritin (1mg/ml) in drinking water for 30 days. Group II received the same plus 20 mg Ferritin IP on day 29. Group III received only 20 mg of Ferritin IP 24 hours before sacrifice. Group IV were normal adult mice. Animals were sacrificed on day 30. Immunohistology revealed granular deposits of IgA in the mesangium of 9/11 animals in Group I; 7 of the animals in this group showed IgG, 6 C3, and 1 fibrinogen in a similar pattern. In Group II lmmunoglobulin deposition was similar, but less pronounced. One animal in Group III showed IgA but no IgG or C3. None of the animals in Group IV showed immunohistologic changes. Light microscopy changes were not significant in any group. EM on selected specimens from Group I showed abundant mesangial, paramesangial, and subendothelial electron dense deposits as well as ferritin-like particles. These preliminary studies suggest a role for oral sensitization in nephropathy characterized by predominant IgA deposition and provides an experimental animal model of IgA mesangial deposit disease.
An analytical and numerical study of a dynamically accelerating semi-infinite crack in a linear viscoelastic material

In a previous paper, a general method was presented for constructing the solution to the problem of a semi-infinite, mode III crack propagating dynamically through an infinite, general linear viscoelastic body. The only restrictions placed upon the crack tip speed were that it have constant sign and in magnitude not exceed the glassy shear wave speed. In the present contribution, those previous analytical results are applied to a study of dynamic unsteady crack growth in a linear viscoelastic body. In particular, a numerical algorithm for computing the stress intensity factor is given along with example simulations of running cracks using the Achenbach-Chao viscoelastic model and a stress intensity factor (SIF) fracture criterion. We also compare the transient SIF with the dynamic steady state SIF, and examine the transition to constant crack speed for a dynamically accelerating crack in a viscoelastic material.
Central nervous activity in guinea pig anaphylaxis

Abstract 1.1. The changes in central nervous activity observed in the guinea pig during anaphylaxis, histamine injection, and asphyxia were characterized by high amplitude spike activity, flattening of background activity, desynchronization, and high amplitude slow waves. 2.2. Pronounced disturbances in electrical activity are recorded in the cerebral cortex, dorsal hippocampus, preoptic area, and hypothalamus. These occur to a markedly lesser extent in the midbrain reticulum. 3.3. These disturbances in electrical activity indicate that irritative mechanisms exist in the central nervous system during anaphylaxis. 4.4. The data suggest that these irritative mechanisms are not confined to specific regions in the central nervous system and may be the result of generalized phenomena.
Therapeutic Effectiveness of Minimal Activity in an Aged Population

The effectiveness of minimal activity (most often 1 hr. per week) on anxiety was studied by comparing veterans who regularly attended and those who irregularly attended an activity on a measure of anxiety taken before and after 6 wk. participation on various history measures. Veterans who regularly attended their activity assignments showed significant decline in anxiety or improvement in adjustment; veterans who irregularly attended their activity assignments showed no change in anxiety or adjustment. With the exception of changes in anxiety, and the possibility that the irregular group had a higher percentage of people hospitalized for nervousness, the two groups were similar in every characteristic studied, including their anxiety prior to activity assignment.
Hormonal substrate of estrous odor preference in beagles

Abstract The biological substrate and functional role played by vaginal secretions in the mediation of sociosexual behavior in the beagle was assessed. The effect of the presence of androgen during development and/or in adulthood on the display of a behavioral preference for estrous vaginal secretions was measured. Six groups of adult, purebred beagles were tested for the display of preference behavior. Treatment and constitution of the several groups were as follows: females whose mothers were injected with testosterone propionate (TP) for 10 days during the second trimester; females implanted with a testosterone pellet 1–3 days postpartum; females whose mothers were injected with TP during pregnancy and who also received a testosterone pellet 1–3 days postpartum; females ovariohysterectomized in adulthood but given no androgen treatment during development; males castrated in adulthood; and, untreated gonadally-intact males. All animals except the intact males were tested first without and then with additional TP treatment during testing. During tests conducted prior to treatment with exogenous TP during testing, only intact and castrated males showed a significant preference for estrous vaginal secretions. After treatment with TP castrated males showed a greater preference for the estrous secretions. In addition, during the TP tests females treated with androgen before and females exposed to androgen before and after birth also displayed significant preference for estrous vaginal secretions. It is concluded that the display of estrous odor preference is a sexually dimorphic behavior pattern which depends jointly upon developmental and concurrent androgenic stimulation for its expression.
A modification of Davidenko's method for nonlinear systems

Abstract In 1953 Davidenko showed how to reduce the solving of a system of nonlinear equations to the integration of a system or ordinary differential equations. This method also required the solution of linear algebraic equations at each integration step, which is computationally undesirable. We show how to reduce the solving of a system of nonlinear equations solely to the integration of a system of ordinary differential equations, avoiding entirely the solution of linear algebraic equations. A numerical example shows interesting differences between the two approaches in the neighborhood of a bifurcation point.
Large scale analysis of the mutational landscape in HT-SELEX improves aptamer discovery

High-Throughput (HT) SELEX combines SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential Enrichment), a method for aptamer discovery, with massively parallel sequencing technologies. This emerging technology provides data for a global analysis of the selection process and for simultaneous discovery of a large number of candidates but currently lacks dedicated computational approaches for their analysis. To close this gap, we developed novel in-silico methods to analyze HT-SELEX data and utilized them to study the emergence of polymerase errors during HT-SELEX. Rather than considering these errors as a nuisance, we demonstrated their utility for guiding aptamer discovery. Our approach builds on two main advancements in aptamer analysis: AptaMut-a novel technique allowing for the identification of polymerase errors conferring an improved binding affinity relative to the 'parent' sequence and AptaCluster-an aptamer clustering algorithm which is to our best knowledge, the only currently available tool capable of efficiently clustering entire aptamer pools. We applied these methods to an HT-SELEX experiment developing aptamers against Interleukin 10 receptor alpha chain (IL-10RA) and experimentally confirmed our predictions thus validating our computational methods.
Power systems for the Coastal and Global Scale Nodes of the Ocean Observatories Initiative

The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) includes mooring power systems development for the Coastal and Global Scale Nodes (CGSN). This paper summarizes the current status and results of the CGSN power systems development effort primarily concentrating on the surface moorings which include wind generators, photovoltaic arrays, rechargeable batteries and power control electronics. Higher power versions of these mooring power systems, currently in the design phase, are also described.
Computing effective discharge with S—PLUS

Abstract Effective discharge is defined as the streamflow responsible for transporting the most sediment over the long term. Since the stream channel is a product of material that is transported by the stream, the effective discharge is interpreted to be the flow rate that is most responsible for creating the form of the channel itself. It is therefore important to understand the factors that control the effective discharge in streams in order to develop a plan for water use that does not adversely affect the stream's transport regime and the riparian ecosystem. We use S-PLUS for Windows, an object-oriented programming and visualization environment, to compute the magnitude and frequency of effective discharge for the Red River, a headwater stream in Idaho. The built-in analytical functions and graphical tools make S-PLUS an efficient tool for this and many other types of hydrologic analyses.
A proposal for an effective interacting field theory of open and closed strings

Abstract We propose the use of the reggeon-pomeron vertex to obtain an effective field theory for open and closed strings. We suggest that closed string fields are necessary in order to go off-shell in an open string field theory. We then find that the closed string fields satisfy the Virasoro constraints (including equal number of left and right movers) in an appropriate choice of gauge.
Technology, productivity and change in library technical services

Based on presentations to the ALCTS Leadership Development Committee and the Potomac Technical Processing Librarians, this paper explores the relationship of technology to productivity, describes early 21st century demands on library technical services, and evaluates the application of an organizational change model called “Future Search” to technical services at the Cornell University Library.
Interactive real-time computation

Abstract A conversational computer system allowing direct communication between scientist and computer-driven experiment is described. Important features are (1) raw data is retained in digital form, (2) fairly extensive editing and computation capabilities are available on-line and (3) a file structure is built in to the system enabling a scientist to have results from previous experiments available. This system has been implemented on a modest-size medium-scale computer (Raytheon PB440) and, whereas not dedicated to this system, could justifiably be so limited.
Anomalies in homologous relationships: When to suspect extrapolations

The rule that addition of a CH2 group to a molecule increases the retention index by 100±3 is subject to a greater uncertainty than ±3 when (a) the stationary phase has very strong intermolecular attractions comparable to the nitriles and the analyte has a polar group in the 1-position, (b) the alkyl chain to which the CH2 is added has 3 or fewer carbons and (c) when a group that is remote from the end of the chain, such as an ester group or a double bond, introduces rigidity in that part of the chain. In cases (a) and (c), it is still true that the retention index increases linearly in a specific homologous series, but it may deviate from 100 units per carbon by as much as 10 or, in the case of nitrile stationary phases, may be as low as 70.
A scale to measure Bowen's concept of emotional cutoff

This paper describes the Emotional Cut-off Scale (ECS), an instrument designed to measure Bowen's concept of emotional cutoff. The development of the scale and psychometric data from its use in three later studies are presented. The concept of emotional cut-off is critical to Bowen's broader theory. It is hoped that the ECS will allow researchers to begin to empirically examine propositions derived from Bowen's theory.
A dynamic subframe set power control scheme for interference mitigation in reconfigurable TD-LTE systems

In 3GPP LTE, TDD spectrum allocation for uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) use is a function of a cell's TDD UL/DL configuration which designates which time resources (i.e., subframes) are for UL and which are for DL. TDD dynamic UL/DL reconfiguration, under discussion in LTE Release 12, enables cells to quickly adapt the ratio of allocated UL and DL subframes to changing traffic patterns which can be different for neighboring cells. Having different UL/DL directions for the same subframe in adjacent cells can result in new destructive interference components, i.e., eNB-to-eNB and UE-to-UE, with levels that can significantly differ from one subframe to another. In this paper, UL power control mechanisms are considered to manage such interference, where different sets of UL subframes use different UL power control parameters. In particular, two schemes are studied where, in one, fixed subframe sets are chosen based on expected interference and, in the other, the eNB monitors interference levels in the subframes and dynamically reconfigures the subframe sets accordingly. The performance of each scheme is evaluated through system level simulations and it is shown that the UL power control with dynamic UL subframe set configuration outperforms the one with static UL subframe sets, with significant improvement achieved at cell edge.