cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tropical cyclone waves detected with infrasound sensor array

The strong winds of a tropical cyclone whip up the sea surface, driving ocean waves a dozen meters high. When one such ocean wave runs into another wave that has an equal period but is traveling in the opposite direction, the interaction produces low-frequency sound waves that can be detected thousands of kilometers away. The infrasound signals produced by interacting ocean surface waves—known as microbarom—have typical frequencies around 0.2 hertz. Researchers previously determined that as a hurricane travels along its track, early waves generated by the storm will interact with those generated later on, producing a strong microbarom signal in the storm's wake. Researchers also found, however, that microbarom signals are produced by regular surface ocean behavior, including swell, surface waves, and nontropical cyclone storms.
Delay-Dependent Exponential Stability of Linear Time-Varying Neutral Delay Systems

Abstract In this paper, exponential stability analysis of linear time-varying neutral delay systems is considered. Based on fixed point theory, a necessary and sufficient condition for delay-dependent global exponential stability of such systems is derived. Eventually, the results are illustrated by two numerical examples.
Papillary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a clinicopathologic series

Abstract Purpose Papillary squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a rare malignancy that has been associated with human papillomavirus. We present all cases of this disease at a single academic teaching hospital over the last 30 years. Materials and Methods A retrospective chart review was performed for all patients with a diagnosis of PSCC. Of 65 patients identified, 52 were included after meeting established diagnostic criteria. Chart reviews were performed for patient demographics, overall survival, and disease-free survival. Results Mean age at diagnosis was 65 years, with a male to female ratio of 2.3:1. The majority of lesions (n = 34, 65.4%) arose in areas commonly affected by benign squamous papillomas, with the laryngopharynx the most commonly affected (n = 19, 36.5%), followed by the oral cavity (n = 18, 34.6%), sinonasal tract (n = 8, 15.4%), and oropharynx (n = 7, 13.5%). Two- and 5-year disease-free survival rate was 68% and 46%, respectively. Overall survival rate was 90% and 72% at 2 and 5 years, respectively. Conclusions Papillary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is a distinct variant of conventional squamous cell carcinoma with a good prognosis despite high locoregional recurrence rates. Histology and subsite localization corroborate existing evidence that human papillomavirus may be involved.
RNA editing and mitochondrial genomic organization in the cryptobiid kinetoplastid protozoan Trypanoplasma borreli.

Abstract The bodonids and cryptobiids represent an early diverged sister group to the trypanosomatids among the kinetoplastid protozoa. The trypanosome type of uridine insertion-deletion RNA editing was found to occur in the cryptobiid fish parasite Trypanoplasma borreli. A pan-edited ribosomal protein, S12, and a novel 3'- and 5'-edited cytochrome b, in addition to an unedited cytochrome oxidase III gene and an apparently unedited 12S rRNA gene, were found in a 6-kb fragment of the 80- to 90-kb mitochondrial genome. The gene order differs from that in trypanosomatids, as does the organization of putative guide RNA genes; guide RNA-like molecules are transcribed from tandemly repeated 1-kb sequences organized in 200- and 170-kb molecules instead of minicircles. The presence of pan-editing in this lineage is consistent with an ancient evolutionary origin of this process.
The electronic structure of AgCl. Energy bands, densities of states, and charge densities

The electronic band structures of silver chloride is calculated using the empirical pseudopotential method. The density of states is compared with photoemission experiments. The charge distributions are calculated in the (100) plane. Die Bandstruktur von Silberchlorid wird mit Hilfe der empirischen Pseudopotential-methode berechnet. Berechnete Zustandsdichten werden mit Photoemissionsergebnissen verglichen. Ladungsverteilungen werden berechnet und in der (100)-Ebene dargestellt.
The Challenge of Improving Identification of Rockfall Hazard after WildfiresRockfall Hazard After Wildfires

Varnes (1978) described rockfall as a situation in which rock “… of any size is detached from a steep slope or cliff … descends mostly through the air by free fall, leaping, bounding, or rolling. Movements are very rapid to extremely rapid ….” There are many well-documented rockfalls throughout the world (Evans and Hungr, 1993; Wieczorek et al., 1999; McSaveney, 2002; Strouth et al., 2006; and Ravanel et al., 2010). Most published literature documents relatively large rockfall occurrences. Power-law distributions demonstrate that the more frequent threat involves smaller volume rockfalls (Malamud, 2004; Malamud et al., 2004). Even falls consisting of one or more large rocks can produce significant damage or even fatalities. This is exemplified by case studies from Colorado and the tragic 1999 Sacred Falls landslide in Hawaii (Jibson and Baun, 1999; Colorado Geological Survey, 2008). Rockfall hazard during wildfire suppression activities is a recognized safety concern for firefighters. Individual rocks, and occasionally small clusters of rock, bound or roll down steep slopes from the burning fire above (Swanson, 1981). Commonly rocks range in size from pebbles to boulders or even larger rocks. These rocks come to rest where the slope gradient decreases to a gentler angle. In some instances, this gradient change results from a road crossing the slope. If the slope is concave or has a natural swale leading down to the gentler slope gradient, rockfall may produce a talus cone or add to an existing one. An example of this process was witnessed by Ivan Erskine, a Forest Service Fire Management Officer, while he was serving on the team directing fire suppression activities for the July 2008 Ukonom Complex wildfire in northern California (Figure 1). A talus cone was forming where rock and rock fragments falling down a steep …
Analytic methods for calculating performance measures of production lines with buffer storages

A Markov Chain model of an unreliable transfer line with interstage buffer storages is introduced. The system states are defined as the operational conditions of the stages and the levels of material in the storages. The steady-state probabilities of these states are sought in order to establish relationships between system parameters and performance measures such as production rate (efficiency), forced-down times, and expected in-process inventory. A matrix solution that exploits the sparsity and block tri-diagonal structure of the transition matrix is discussed. The steady-state probabilities of the system states are also found analytically, by guessing a sum-of-products form solution for a class of states and deriving the remaining expressions by using the transition equations.
Electronic Health Records (EHR)

Electronic Health Records are electronic versions of patients’ healthcare records. An electronic health record gathers, creates, and stores the health record electronically. The electronic health record has been slow to be adopted by healthcare providers. The federal government has recently passed legislation requiring the use of electronic records or face monetary penalties. The electronic health record will improve clinical documentation, quality, healthcare utilization tracking, billing and coding, and make health records portable. The core components of an electronic health record include administrative functions, computerized physician order entry, lab systems, radiology systems, pharmacy systems, and clinical documentation. HL7 is the standard communication protocol technology that an electronic health record utilizes. Implementation of software, hardware, and IT networks are important for a successful electronic health record project. The benefits of an electronic health record include a gain in healthcare efficiencies, large gains in quality and safety, and lower healthcare costs for consumers. Electronic health record challenges include costly software packages, system security, patient confidentiality, and unknown future government regulations. Future technologies for electronic health records include bar coding, radio-frequency identification, and speech recognition.
IONIC TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF THE ISOLATED URINARY BLADDER OF THE TOAD

This chapter focuses on ionic transport properties of the isolated urinary bladder of the toad. It describes a study of transport of sodium across the isolated urinary bladder of the toad Bufo marinus . The tissue consists of a single layer of transporting epithelial cells supported by a submucosa that does not participate in the transport process. Sodium is transported transcellularly, crossing two major permeability barriers: (1) the apical or luminal and (2) the basolateral plasma membranes of the predominant granular cell. Entry into the cell across the luminal membrane is a passive but specific process exhibiting saturation kinetics. This is the major permeability barrier in the tissue. Once within the cell, the sodium mixes with the intracellular sodium that constitutes the active transport pool. At the basolateral surface, the sodium ion is extruded by the sodium- and potassium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase into the serosal medium. Other ions, such as chloride and potassium, traverse the bladder passively via the paracellular pathway. The apical plasma membrane is impermeable to these ions that readily enter the cells across the basolateral plasma membrane.
What Medicare Knows About the Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is a recently recognized, yet incompletely understood form of acute heart failure. Efforts to characterize TTC have been hampered by its relatively low incidence. In this issue of JACC; Heart Failure, Murugiah et al. [(1)][1] have examined the United States Medicare
Assessing the Postoperative Patient with Evacuatory Dysfunction: Disordered Defecation of the Neorectum and Neorectal Reservoir

Miraculous advances in surgical techniques have prevented countless patients from living with a permanent stoma after rectal resection or total proctocolectomy. When counseling patients preoperatively, it is important to communicate realistic functional expectations because surgery is not perfect and nearly all surgeries have some element of defecation dysfunction afterwards. Postoperatively, it is essential to work with patients to individualize treatment regimes. In turn, this will optimize their function and quality of life. Not every patient will achieve satisfactory results, and some will require a permanent stoma to improve their quality of life.
J. Geekie, P. Randal, D. Lampshire, and J. Read Experiencing Psychosis: Personal and Professional Perspectives

The book Experiencing Psychosis: Personal and Professional Perspectives is a detailed compilation of the perspectives of both professionals and individuals who have lived with psychosis and other s...
NMR study of proton motion in the defect pyrochlores HTaW O 6 and HTaW O 6 • H 2 O

Both cw and pulsed proton NMR measurements have been made between 4 and 500 K to elucidate the nature of proton motion in the defect pyrochlores. The data show that at 4 K the water molecule is static and separate from the proton (no hydronium ions exist). About 200 K tumbling of the water molecule begins. At 300 K translational motion is evident. Sites for both the water molecule and the proton are suggested which are consistent with the data. Analysis of ${T}_{1}$ and ${T}_{2}$ measurements give an activation energy of \ensuremath{\sim}0.3 eV and an attempt frequency of 3 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{10}$ ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. This "abnormally" small attempt frequency suggests a tunneling mechanism for proton motion in these materials.
Longitudinal Associations of Phthalate Exposures During Childhood and Body Size Measurements in Young Girls

Phthalates are environmental chemicals that may play a role in the development of obesity. Few studies have investigated longitudinal associations between postnatal phthalate exposures and subsequent anthropometric measurements in children. We collected data as part of The Breast Cancer and Environment Research Program at three US sites. A total of 1,239 girls, aged 6-8 years, were enrolled in 2004-2007. We categorized baseline phthalate exposures, assessed from creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations of low-molecular weight phthalate metabolites, as low, <78; medium, 78 to <194; and high, ≥194 μg/g creatinine and of high-molecular weight phthalates as low, <111; medium, 111-278; and high, ≥278 μg/g creatinine. Anthropometric measurements were collected through 2012 (n = 1,017). Linear mixed effects regression estimated how baseline low and high-molecular weight phthalate concentrations related to changes in girls' body mass index (BMI), height, and waist circumference at ages 7-13 years. Low-molecular weight phthalates were positively associated with gains in BMI and waist circumference. Predicted differences in BMI and waist circumference between girls with high versus low concentrations of low-molecular weight phthalates increased from 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.02, 1.1) to 1.2 kg/m (95% CI: 0.28, 2.1) and from 1.5 (95% CI: -0.38, 3.3) to 3.9 cm (95% CI: 1.3, 6.5), respectively. High-molecular weight phthalates were negatively associated with height but only among girls who were normal weight at baseline (BMI ≤ 85th percentile). Phthalates, specifically low-molecular weight phthalates, have small but detectable associations with girls' anthropometric outcomes. Low-molecular weight phthalates showed stronger associations than other types of phthalates.
Treason, Allegiance and Sovereignty in England, 1608–88

Political and social upheavals astonished and perplexed the English, Welsh, Scottish and Irish from 1603 when the Tudor royal scepter passed to a Scottish Stuart, through to 1689 when a Protestant Dutch prince claimed victory over the departed papist James II. During this time subjects contested sovereign authority in the black print of the press and in the red blood of the battlefield. Perhaps the most dramatic assertion of sovereignty displayed itself in the trials for treason. When James VI of Scotland became James I of England and Ireland in 1603, both he and the Westminster parliament accepted 25 Edw. III, Stat. 5, c. 2 as the law of treason. According to this 1352 statute, subjects committed treasonable acts against the king – not the Crown, not the commonweal, not the government, not an abstract state, but the person of the king. As such, the medieval treason law confirmed James’s understanding of sovereignty in England in 1603.
Pericardial hernia: an unusual complication of convergent atrial fibrillation ablation.

A 59-year-old woman with highly symptomatic recurrent paroxysmal atrial fibrillation had failed antiarrhythmic therapy and pulmonary vein isolation. Owing to her large left atrial size and failed pulmonary vein isolation, she underwent the convergent atrial fibrillation ablation. A 3-cm subxiphoid incision was made at the central tendon of diaphragm above the liver, medial to the falciform ligament. Through this port, the VisiTrax ablation device (nContact, Inc., Morrisville, NC, USA) was advanced into the pericardial space and ablation was performed at the posterior left atrium and around the pulmonary veins. Subsequently, through an transseptal approach, endocardial lesions were created at the posterior antrum of the left superior pulmonary vein. Bidirectional block was confirmed across all four veins and a right-sided cavotricuspid isthmus line was created. Amiodarone was continued for 3 months. Four months after the procedure, she complained of constant bloating. Physical examination and routine laboratories were normal. Echocardiography showed an echogenic mass anterior to her heart. Computed tomography of her chest confirmed a diaphragmatic hernia with portions of greater omentum and transverse colon extending into the pericardium (Fig. 1). Laparoscopic hernia repair was performed. Diaphragmatic and pericardial openings were closed with figure of eight sutures and her abdominal symptoms resolved. Figure 1: CT chest showing diaphragmatic hernia with portions of greater omentum and transverse colon extending into the pericardium. Diaphragmatic hernia is rare and usually congenital or traumatic [1]. There are few case reports documenting diaphragmatic hernias following a pericardial window, pacemaker placement [2] and coronary artery bypass graft [3]. Being a minimally invasive procedure, the convergent ablation has minimal complications [4]. We have modified our technique to create a more posterior pericardial access site and we have not had any further cases of intrapericardial hernia. Alternatively, routine closure of the diaphragmatic access with a suture may also reduce the possibility of hernia formation.
On Advertisement Design Based on Sign Semantics

As to semantics characteristic,what distinguishes the language and other broadcasting form obviously is the mark and visual figure of visual imagination and the uncertainty characteristic of visual structure which comes from them.Discussing in the way of advertisement,the uncertainty characteristic of visual structure play important role in visual persuasion,and also give great foundation to the form of visual broadcasting and the innovation of the comment.
Urologic Complications of Pelvic Irradiation

Abstract We evaluated 964 patients who had undergone radiation therapy for malignant disease of the pelvic viscera during a 5-year period and who had been followed for 5 to 10 years after completion of treatment. Therapy had been given for gynecological tumors in 493 cases, genitourinary tumors in 240 cases, bowel tumors in 172 cases and various other malignant tumors in the pelvis in 59 cases. The incidence of cystitis, hematuria, ureteral obstruction and fistula formation was determined for each group. There were 203 urological complications, an incidence of 21 per cent, but only 25 of these complications (2.5 per cent) could be ascribed to the effects of radiation alone, the remainder being associated with persistent or recurrent tumor. Approximately 20 per cent of the patients had some abnormalities detected in the pre-treatment excretory urogram. The development of urologic complications was related to the radiation dosage and previous bladder operations.
Assessment of body composition in youths and relationship to sport.

Body composition assessment techniques provide estimates of percent body fat (%BF), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) based on indirect assessment models and methods. Prediction equations for %BF developed using a two-component model based on adult body composition constants will overestimate %BF in youths, especially prepubescent youths. Body composition prediction equations that have been validated and cross-validated using multiple-component criterion models which include measurements of body density and the water and mineral components of FFM provide the most accurate means for assessment of body composition in youths. Use of appropriate prediction equations and proper measurement techniques, for either bioelectrical impedance or skinfolds, results in body composition estimates with standard errors of estimate (prediction errors) of 3 to 4% BF and 2.0 to 2.5 kg of FFM. Poor measurement technique and inappropriate prediction equations will result in much larger prediction errors.
Trauma and Acculturative Stress

There are a substantial number of immigrant youth living in the United States (USA), and there has been a recent media coverage documenting a rise in illegal entry by immigrants into the United States. Both legal and clandestine entries into the United States present various trauma risk factors for youth whose families seek the promise of a fruitful future in America. This chapter examines the various types of traumatic experiences immigrant youth may encounter, prevalent treatment approaches, and practical, community-based applications of treatment programs utilized by the Early Life Stress and Pediatric Anxiety Program at Stanford University. By investigating trauma before, during, and after migration, clinicians can achieve a greater depth of understanding on how to develop new treatment approaches and how to adapt existing psychotherapeutic models. Through an exploration of the psychosocial stressors immigrant youth face, various risk and resiliency factors during different phases of the migration process, potential comorbidities, and existing treatment models, we arrive at specific treatments and cultural adaptation recommendations.
The Focus on Quality Publications in Journal of Clinical Microbiology

The views expressed in this Editorial do not necessarily reflect the views of the journal or of ASM. This is an exciting time at Journal of Clinical Microbiology (JCM). Recent changes have been noted by many who regularly peruse the journal. These include a new feature, The Brief Case, as well as
Instream Flows in California and Spain: The Thorny Issue of Compensation

Limiting existing water rights to preserve environmental values, for instance, by requiring that a minimum flow be left in a watercourse, can be a controversial measure in and of itself. The relevant question that arises in these situations, however, is the extent to which water users should be compensated for the curtailment of their right. Two geographical areas with a similar climate, Spain and California, have been dealing with this problem for some time, and their approaches show remarkable parallels.Both in California and Spain, the latest court decisions suggest that the government may have to compensate water users for the reduction of their rights. The courts dealing with cases of this nature in California have adopted the physical taking standard, which is more favorable for water users than the regulatory takings rubric. In Spain, while the Supreme Court has left this issue as an open question, the legislative framework in place strongly suggests that water users should have to be compensated if their rights are curtailed to ensure that rivers maintain a minimum flow. Nevertheless, there is some uncertainty in both jurisdictions as to whether certain defenses -- the public trust doctrine in California and the general restriction defense in Spain -- could successfully exempt the government from the duty to pay compensation, at least in cases where the reduction of the right is relatively small.
War and Resentment: Critical Reflections on the Legacies of the Iran-Iraq War

AbstractDuring the challenging transitional period after the 1979 revolution, the Iran-Iraq War helped the Islamic Republic to consolidate its hold on power by creating new institutions of coercion and governance, mobilizing popular support, and eliminating domestic rivals. Despite the state becoming entrenched, the political elite and Iranian society both remain highly divided over the legacy of the war and the nature and the direction of the post-revolution and post-war project. The popular aspirations that were unleashed during the revolution were incorporated into the war experience, but they remain unfulfilled and are a major factor that shape public culture and political practices. This discontent is compounded by the shortcomings of authoritarian and ill-conceived post-war reconstruction, especially in war-torn regions. The imposition of an official interpretation of the ‘Sacred Defense’ effectively silences plural experiences of the war and alternative and more critical analyses of it. As a result...
Fracture of Ice and other Coulombic Materials

In this paper we review the fracture of ice on scales small (laboratory) and large (arctic sea ice cover), with emphasis on brittle compressive failure under multiaxial loading and on underlying physical processes, with reference to rock and minerals. Topics include: the structure of terrestrial ice; the brittle compressive failure envelope; failure modes; deformation features; Coulombic shear faulting; frictional sliding; physically based, micromechanical models of the initiation of Coulombic faults and of the ductile-to-brittle transition; and non-frictional/plastic shear faulting. An important point is that the physics of fracture appears to be scale independent. The paper is a synopsis of a more complete treatment given in Creep and Fracture of Ice (Schulson and Duval, 2009).
Beneficial effects of rapamycin in a Drosophila model for hereditary spastic paraplegia

The locomotor deficits in the hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) reflect degeneration of upper motor neurons, but the mechanisms underlying this neurodegeneration are unknown. We established a Drosophila model for the HSP atlastin (atl) , which encodes an ER fusion protein. Here we show that neuronal atl loss causes degeneration of specific thoracic muscles that is preceded by other pathologies including accumulation of aggregates containing poly-ubiquitin (poly-UB), increased generation of reactive oxygen species, and activation of the JNK/Foxo stress response pathway. We show that inhibiting the Tor kinase, either genetically or by administering rapamycin, at least partially reversed many of these pathologies. atl loss from muscle also triggers muscle degeneration and rapamycin-sensitive locomotor deficits and poly-UB aggregate accumulation. These results indicate that atl loss triggers muscle degeneration both cell autonomously and nonautonomously.
Sexual selection and sex ratios in Anolis lizards

Biased sex ratios, or unequal numbers of males and females in a population, can alter the intensity of sexual selection by enhancing competition for mates, and thus may affect the evolution of reproductive strategies. Studies of sex ratio variation across a clade provide an opportunity to examine the morphological or behavioral consequences of different levels of sexual selection. We examined sex ratio variation, using phylogenetic comparative methods, across a diverse clade of terrestrial vertebrates, the Anolis lizards. Across a sample of 14 species in 21 localities, we found remarkable bidirectional variation in sex ratios across the Anolis clade: males are more common in some populations and females in others. However, we find no evidence that sex ratio bias is associated with sexual size dimorphism, a proxy for sexual selection. Nor do we find an association of sex ratio bias with ecological niches (i.e. ecomorphs), which vary in sexual selection pressures and mating systems. The observed inter-specific variation in sex ratio suggests that a balance of different, possibly opposing, factors, including sex-specific dispersal and mortality rates, may play a role in determining population sex ratio.
The fuzzy image

Abstract This article celebrates the variety of Don Caspar’s research interests, with particular focus on those scientific investigations beyond the structural biology of viruses for which he is often associated. These lesser known, seemingly backwater projects, allow us to build up a portrait, in both word and image, of this prolific and creative scientist. Exploration of his ideas will reveal a close connection to other structural thinkers and artists throughout history, most notably the 17th century astronomer Johannes Kepler.
Next Generation of Export Restrictions: An Emergence of Raw Materials II Dispute?

The proliferation of export restrictions on natural resources in a last decade has gained prominence in the international trade debate and has deepened an already existing wide divide between the North and the South in the context of the principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources versus the beggar-thy-neighbor policy. Nevertheless, there is a conventional wisdom that the WTO disciplines dealing with export restrictions are weak. Some new WTO members, such as China, Mongolia, and Ukraine, were required, during their accession negotiations, to commit themselves to stricter rules, so called ‘WTO-plus’, by agreeing to phase out their export duties or to limit them to a designated number of tariff lines. Due to this additional legal uncertainties, the field of international trade law faces a greater challenges. However, until the China-Raw material I case the extent to which this would restrict their actual policy practices in this field had never been tested. In this regard, China-Raw materials and China-Rare earths, as defining case laws in this field, allow us to understand the legal boundaries of export restrictions under WTO law and determine the inconsistencies and gaps in the WTO law. This article evaluates the factual and evidentiary issues China may face in the emerging China-Raw Materials II dispute, in light of previous two cases, and identifies potential challenges that will impair China’s ability to prevail in Raw Materials II.
Ultrathin Films of Superconducting Metals as a Platform for Topological Superconductivity.

The ingredients normally required to achieve topological superconductivity (TSC) are Cooper pairing, broken inversion symmetry, and broken time-reversal symmetry. We present a theoretical exploration of the possibility of using ultrathin films of superconducting metals as a platform for TSC. Because they necessarily break inversion symmetry when prepared on a substrate and have intrinsic Cooper pairing, they can be TSCs when time-reversal symmetry is broken by an external magnetic field. Using microscopic density functional theory calculations we show that, for ultrathin Pb and $\ensuremath{\beta}$-Sn superconductors, the position of the Fermi level can be tuned to quasi-2D band extrema energies using strain, and that the $g$ factors of states at time-reversal invariant momenta can be extremely large, enhancing the influence of external magnetic fields.
Exploring the consequences of prolonged pretrial incarceration: evidence from a local jurisdiction in the Philippines

Prolonged pretrial incarceration is a key issue facing the criminal justice systems of many developing countries. Detainees stay in jail for years while undergoing trial but are still unconvicted. ...
Anatomy of the primary-secondary transition zone in stems of Populus deltoides

The transition from primary to secondary stem tissues occurs as a continuum, and a precise anatomical definition of the transition does not exist. A definition was derived for Populus deltoides based on the birefringent properties of the fiber wall. This definition was quantitatively reproducible in the 9 plants tested, and the secondary transition was found to occur in the internode associated with the first mature leaf from the apex. The primary-secondary transition did not occur uniformly around the periphery. It was first observed in the vascular bundles opposite the incoming trace, and from there it progressed in a counter-clockwise direction. Within the transition internode, each vascular bundle and each tissue comprising the bundle differentiated in accord with the physiological age and the phyllotactic disposition of the developing leaf to which it led. Within any one vascular bundle, differentiation occurred first in the metaxylem vessels and associated fibers, followed closely by extension of fibers into the interfascicular regions and centripetal differentiation of the phloem fibers. The ontogenetic sequence of differentiation for each of the principal tissues of the secondary transition zone is described.
Levodopa and dopamine dynamics in Parkinson’s disease metabolomics

Parkinson9s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Metabolomics is a powerful tool that can be used to screen for potential biomarkers, exogenous toxicants, and metabolic network changes associated with disease states. Here, we used high-resolution metabolomics to compare over 10,000 plasma metabolic features from older adults with and without PD in an untargeted approach. We performed a network analysis that demonstrates that the presence of the PD drug levodopa influences variation observed between PD and control patients. Metabolome wide association studies and discrimination analysis identified significant differentiation in the metabolomics profile of older adults with and without PD. Notably, 15 metabolic features (ten of which we putatively identified) differed between PD and control adults with p
A Peircean theory of decision

It is sometimes argued that the fact that possession of perfect knowledge about the future is impossible, means that it is impossible for decisions to be rational. This reasoning is fallacious. If rationality is given a new interpretation, then decisions can be considered rational. A theory of decision that has as its basis Peirce’s theory of abduction can provide a new way of understanding decisions as rational processes. The Peircean theory of decision (i) considers decisions as part of a complete strategy, and (ii) shows that decision making is governed by the same rules as scientific abduction. These rules are neither permissive rules like rules of deductive inference nor predictive like laws of nature, but rather genuine laws of conduct that determine what step should be made, if a given end is to be reached.
Measuring Relationships Between Adolescents With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders and Their Teachers: A Psychometric Report:

Students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) have difficulty forming and maintaining high-quality relationships with their teachers, yet they have the most to gain from positive relations...
Component-Based Normalization for a 1mm 3 Resolution, Clinical PET system

We are constructing a 1 mm $^{3}$ resolution, clinical PET system dedicated to locoregional cancer imaging, focusing primarily on the breast as well as the head and neck regions. The two-panel system comprises 98,304 1x1x0.9 mm LYSO crystals, for a total of $2.4 \times 10 ^{9}$ LORs, thus, it is impractical to gather even a low number of statistics per LOR for normalization. Based upon LOR symmetry, we combine our $2.4 \times 10 ^{9}$ LORs into $3.25 \times 10 ^{6}$ symmetric LORs (SLORs). We simulate the twopanel system and a uniform slab of activity, and demonstrate improvements in noise when using the SLOR efficiencies to generate a component-based normalization. We then show in simulation the ability to jointly estimate crystal efficiencies and geometric (SLOR) efficiencies. Finally, we image a phantom comprising spheres of 4.0 mm to 7.9 mm in diameter in a warm background with 5:1 contrast where we demonstrate a 33.2% improvement in contrast-to-noise ratio when using componentbased normalization compared to direct normalization.
"I would do it again": Past and present experiences of older lesbians.

Few studies have asked older lesbians to reflect on the primary experiences of their life. The following provides the responses of a nationally representative sample of 221 lesbians over the age of...
Intranasal therapy with opioids for children and adolescents with cancer: results from clinical studies

Opioids are essential for the treatment of pain, which is a serious symptom for children and adolescents affected by cancer. Intranasal opioids may be very useful for the treatment of breakthrough pain in children and adolescents with cancer, for their little invasiveness, ease of administration, rapid onset of action, and high bioavailability. Intranasal drug delivery may be influenced by anatomical and physiological factors (nasal mucosa absorption area, mucociliary clearance, enzymatic activity, anatomical anomalies, chronic or inflammatory alterations of nasal mucosa), drug-related factors (molecular weight, solubility), and delivery device. Fentanyl is a lipophilic opioid commonly proposed for intranasal use among pediatric patients, but no studies have been conducted yet about intranasal use of other available opioids for management of pediatric cancer pain. In this review, we analyze several elements which may influence absorption of intranasal opioids in children and adolescents, with a focus on pharmacokinetics and therapeutic aspects of each opioid currently available for intranasal use.
Calculating the Future: The Historical Assemblage of Empirical Evidence, Benchmarks & PISA,

Purpose—Prominent at the intersections of national educational agencies, higher education, and international educational performance assessments are two reform standards: “benchmarks” determining o...
Increased radiation toxicity with germline ATM variant of uncertain clinical significance

Abstract Background While patients with ataxia telangiectasia are known to have increased radiation sensitivity, patients with germline heterozygous ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) mutations can have widely varying functional and clinical effects, which can make management decisions difficult. With an increased prevalence of gene panel-based testing for breast cancer patients, radiation oncologists are increasingly confronted with patients who carry germline ATM variants of uncertain clinical significance. This study describes the clinical courses and outcomes of 5 breast cancer patients with varying germline heterozygous ATM mutations undergoing radiation therapy at our institution in order to provide additional knowledge of the varying clinical effects to aid future decision making. Case Series We identified 5 patients with breast cancer and varying germline heterozygous ATM mutations treated at the University of North Carolina Hospitals between 2015 and 2017. The median age at breast cancer diagnosis for the patient series was 46. Clinical effects of radiation treatment varied amongst the 5 patients. The one patient with a pathogenic ATM mutation had no increased radiation related toxicity. Of the 4 patients with ATM variants of uncertain significance, one patient had increased radiation sensitivity with Grade 3 dermatitis. All patients have remained recurrence free with a median duration of 18 months. Conclusion Our data illustrates that patients with germline heterozygous ATM mutations can have widely varying clinical effects with radiation therapy. Given the possibility of unpredictable deleterious effects, our study highlights the importance of caution and careful consideration when devising the multi-modality management strategy in these patients.
Predicting Lung Healthiness Risk Scores to Identify Probability of an Asthma Attack

Abstract For asthma, monitoring of symptoms and progression of the disease while avoiding triggers and minimizing the frequency of attacks are the main objectives of care. Tracking and analyzing lung healthiness, symptoms, medications, level of interference with daily life activities provides a hint of the level of severity of asthma, and that is indeed a strong predictor of subsequent and future exacerbations. In a prior effort, we employed Text Classification method to classify asthma severity. However, asthma attack prediction depends on many other risk factors such as physiological measurements, patient behaviors and characteristics, environmental triggers, and personal risk scores. In this paper, we propose a method to forecast future asthma attacks using historical data linking the asthma severity level and the personalized risk scores of triggers. Specifically, we used the Additive Interaction Analysis of Exposures technique combined with the Long Short-Term Memory method to predict risk scores of respiratory and oxygen saturation. These risk scores are then used to forecast the probability of an asthma attack.
Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Antibody Mediated Rejection Following Orthotopic Heart Transplant: A Single Center Experience

Purpose Antibody mediated rejection (AMR) following heart transplant (OTHx) causes significant morbidity and mortality. In particular, diagnosis and management of non-HLA AMR remains challenging. Antibodies to the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) causing rejection after kidney transplant have been described, but there is limited data on AT1R-Ab mediated rejection following OHTx. Here, we present our single center experience. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all OHTx cases from the past 2 years with clinically suspected AMR without evidence of canonical donor-specific AMR who had a positive AT1R-Ab titer. Clinical and pathological features were documented. Results We identified 7 patients, the majority were female (71%), African American (71%), and had prior LVAD support (71%). All patients had NICM pretransplant. Patients presented both early (∼2 weeks) and late (∼7 years) with heart failure; 3 patients presented within 1 year post OHTx. Echocardiography showed progressive graft dysfunction, primarily decreased EF, ventricular wall thickening, and diastolic dysfunction. The average AT1R-Ab titer was 22U/mL at 1:100 dilution (range: 3 to >40 U/mL). Biopsies showed reactive endothelium and increased interstitial macrophages, without pathologic AMR features (negative C4d and Conclusion AT1R-Ab mediated rejection is an underdiagnosed and emerging entity following OHTx that remains ill-defined; it requires a high index of suspicion and should be considered for all OHTx recipients with evidence of graft dysfunction or decompensation. Empiric AMR treatment followed by oral ARB therapy anecdotally improves patient outcomes; however, future studies are needed to better define the pathophysiology, long-term clinical sequelae, and optimal treatment modalities of this disease.
Pancreas and Ampulla

This chapter provides a practical overview of frequently used markers in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of both common and rare pancreatic and ampullary neoplasms, with a specific focus on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and its mimickers, neuroendocrine neoplasms, acinic cell carcinoma and solid and pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas. The chapter contains 40 questions; each question is addressed with a table, concise note and representative pictures if applicable. In addition to the literature review, the authors have included their own experience and tested numerous antibodies reported in the literature. The most effective diagnostic panels of antibodies have been recommended for many entities, such as pVHL, maspin, S100P and IMP-3 being suggested as the best diagnostic panel for identifying pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Some newly described markers such as PAX8, islet-1 and PDX-1 for neuroendocrine neoplasm have been discussed. Furthermore, immunophenotypes of normal pancreatic and ampullary tissues have been described, which tends to be neglected in the literature.
Multi-modality X-ray/Optical Tomographic Imaging Guided Radiotherapy Research Platform: In Vivo Optical Background Subtraction for Sensitive Tumor Detection

Multi-modality x-ray CT and optical molecular imaging with effective background subtraction enables specific and sensitive tumor detection, which is critical for precise small animal image-guided irradiation and early treatment response assessment.
Epitranscriptomics in the Heart: a Focus on m6A.

Post-transcriptional modifications are key regulators of gene expression that allow the cell to respond to environmental stimuli. The most abundant internal mRNA modification is N6-methyladenosine (m6A), which has been shown to be involved in the regulation of RNA splicing, localization, translation, and decay. It has also been implicated in a wide range of diseases, and here, we review recent evidence of m6A’s involvement in cardiac pathologies and processes. Studies have primarily relied on gain and loss of function models for the enzymes responsible for adding and removing the m6A modification. Results have revealed a multifaceted role for m6A in the heart’s response to myocardial infarction, pressure overload, and ischemia/reperfusion injuries. Genome-wide analyses of mRNAs that are differentially methylated during cardiac stress have highlighted the importance of m6A in regulating the translation of specific categories of transcripts implicated in pathways such as calcium handling, cell growth, autophagy, and adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes. Regulation of gene expression by m6A is critical for cardiomyocyte homeostasis and stress responses, suggesting a key role for this modification in cardiac pathophysiology.
Lisa K. Traditi, AHIP, Medical Library Association President, 2020-2021.

In this profile, Lisa K. Traditi, MLS, AHIP, Medical Library Association president, 2020–2021, is described as an individual with a bright personality, rich professional experiences, and a natural ability to lead. She is a respected mentor in the medical librarianship field, especially in the realm of evidence-based medicine instruction and education. Traditi has spent the past twenty-six years at the Strauss Health Sciences Library at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus.
A consistent and conservative model and its scheme for N-phase-M-component incompressible flows

Abstract In the present work, we propose a consistent and conservative model for multiphase and multicomponent incompressible flows, where there can be arbitrary numbers of phases and components. Each phase has a background fluid called the pure phase, each pair of phases is immiscible, and components are dissolvable in some specific phases. The model is developed based on the multiphase Phase-Field model including the contact angle boundary condition, the diffuse domain approach, and the analyses on the proposed consistency conditions for multiphase and multicomponent flows. The model conserves the mass of individual pure phases, the amount of each component in its dissolvable region, and thus the mass of the fluid mixture, and the momentum of the flow. It ensures that no fictitious phases or components can be generated and that the summation of the volume fractions from the Phase-Field model is unity everywhere so that there is no local void or overfilling. It satisfies a physical energy law and it is Galilean invariant. A corresponding numerical scheme is developed for the proposed model, whose formal accuracy is 2nd-order in both time and space. It is shown to be consistent and conservative and its solution is demonstrated to preserve the Galilean invariance and energy law. Numerical tests indicate that the proposed model and scheme are effective and robust to study various challenging multiphase and multicomponent flows.
Post-Abdominal Transplant Hernia: Can We Predict Size and Onset?

Abstract Introduction Abdominal organ transplant is a life-saving treatment. However, the resultant weakening of abdominal muscles leaves patients susceptible to incisional hernia. Obesity, smoking, and diabetes mellitus are common risk factors for post-transplant hernia. However, the literature is void on the impact these risk factors have on timing and size of hernia. Methods We performed a retrospective review of all post-abdominal transplant patients who underwent hernia repair in 2010-2017 at a single institution. Primary outcomes were hernia size and time from transplant to hernia repair. Results We identified 31 patients. The majority of patients were female (15 male, 16 female), and the average patient was 56 ± 8.7 years old and obese (body mass index 30.6). Smoking (26.7%, n = 8) and diabetes mellitus (51.6%, n = 16) were prevalent. Transplant types represented were renal (n = 24), simultaneous pancreas-kidney (n = 5), liver (n = 1), and liver with subsequent kidney (n = 1). The median size of hernia was 100.0 cm2 (interquartile range [IQR]: 78.5-234.0), and median time to hernia repair was 53.0 months (IQR: 12.5-110.0). Risk factors (obesity, smoking, and diabetes) did not influence hernia size, nor alter time to hernia repair. Conclusion Obesity, smoking, and diabetes mellitus are not prognostic of size or onset of post-transplant incisional hernia. Large cohort studies are needed to determine predictive factors of size and onset of hernia.