cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of sexual experience and frequency of testing on retention of copulatory behavior following castration in the male hamster

Retention of copulatory behavior after castration was assessed by frequency of and latency to first mount and intromission in seven groups of male hamsters given 10-min tests with a sexually receptive female at weekly or longer intervals. Five groups were sexually experienced prior to castration; one group remained intact. The group receiving no precastrational sexual experience scored significantly lower on all measures. Experienced males show longer retention of copulatory behavior than inexperienced males. Animals tested weekly showed a significantly faster decline in copulatory behavior than animals tested at 3- or 6-week intervals. Males showed no change in nasal-nasal contact with the females as a result of sexual experience, castration, or frequency of testing; however, nasal-anal contact of male to female decreased significantly as a result of castration. Biting and tugging at the tail and hindquarters of the female increased following castration both in relation to duration of the castrate state and frequency of testing. The castrate sexually experienced group tested weekly spent from one-third to one-half of the entire test period in this behavior.
The Utility of Multiple‐Completion Monitoring Wells for Describing a Solvent Plume

At a study site in the midwestern United States, multiple-completion wells demonstrated that a vertical hydraulic gradient was responsible for the contamination pattern exhibited by chlorinated solvent plumes. The typical pattern consisted of little or no contamination in the upper portion of the aquifer with concentrations increasing with depth. When ground water contamination was discovered in an unexpected portion of the site, water level elevations and contaminant distribution data obtained from multiple-completion wells resulted in identification of the source location. The well eventually determined to be located in the source area displayed contaminant levels much higher in the upper zone of the aquifer — the opposite contamination pattern of other on-site wells. Such results indicated that the spill had occurred near this location and that solvent residing along the capillary fringe was continuing to contaminate the aquifer.
Growth-related oncogene produced in human breast cancer cells and regulated by Syk protein-tyrosine kinase.

Syk, a nonreceptor type of protein tyrosine kinase widely expressed in hematopoietic cells, is a candidate suppressor gene in human breast cancer. Reduced expression of Syk protein is correlated with poor prognosis, while its overexpression can reduce the malignant phenotype of breast cancer cells. The mechanism of action of Syk remains unclear. In this study, we utilized low Syk-expressing, highly invasive MDA-MB-231 and high Syk-expressing, less invasive MCF-7 breast cancer cells to investigate the possibility that part of the functional effects of Syk are mediated by cytokines known to play roles in cell migration, invasion or metastasis. Using protein array technology, we determined that MDA-MB-231 cells secrete a number of cytokines known to regulate cellular growth and motility. One such cytokine, growth-related oncogene (GRO), has previously not been described in breast cancer. Of the compounds detected in the culture supernatant of MDA-MB-231, GRO was the only one that was significantly altered by modulation of Syk expression; overexpression of Syk caused a marked reduction in secreted levels of GRO. Conversely, downregulation of the relatively high levels of Syk produced in MCF-7 cells upregulated GRO secretion. At the mRNA level, overexpression of Syk in MDA-MB-231 differentially regulated the 3 GRO isotypes such that message levels of GROα and γ were downregulated while that of GROβ was not affected. Matrigel invasion assays demonstrated a link between Syk expression and resulting GRO activity in mediating the invasive potential of MDA-MB-231 cells. In summary, our findings provide evidence that human breast cancer cells express and secrete GRO and implicate this cytokine as an essential mediator of the antiinvasive properties of Syk tyrosine kinase. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Temperature dependent studies of NO recombination to heme and heme proteins

The rebinding kinetics of NO to the heme iron of myoglobin (Mb) is investigated as a function of temperature. Below 200 K, the transition-state enthalpy barrier associated with the fastest (∼10 ps) recombination phase is found to be zero and a slower geminate phase (∼200 ps) reveals a small enthalpic barrier (∼3 ± 1 kJ/mol). Both of the kinetic rates slow slightly in the myoglobin (Mb) samples above 200 K, suggesting that a small amount of protein relaxation takes place above the solvent glass transition. When the temperature dependence of the NO recombination in Mb is studied under conditions where the distal pocket is mutated (e.g., V68W), the rebinding kinetics lack the slow phase. This is consistent with a mechanism where the slower (∼200 ps) kinetic phase involves transitions of the NO ligand into the distal heme pocket from a more distant site (e.g., in or near the Xe4 cavity). Comparison of the temperature-dependent NO rebinding kinetics of native Mb with that of the bare heme (PPIX) in glycerol re...
Assessing Maize and Peanut Yield Simulations with Various Seasonal Climate Data in the Southeastern United States

A comprehensive evaluation of crop yield simulations with various seasonal climate data is performed to improve the current practice of crop yield projections. The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-based historical data are commonly used to predict the upcoming season crop yields over the southeastern United States. In this study, eight different seasonal climate datasets are generated using the combinations of two global models, a regional model, and a statistical downscaling technique. One of the global models and the regional model are run with two different convective schemes. These datasets are linked to maize and peanut dynamic models to assess their impacts on crop yield simulations and are then compared with the ENSO- based approach. Improvement of crop yield simulations with the climate model data is varying, depending on the model configuration and the crop type. Although using the global climate model data directly provides no improvement, the dynamically and statistically downscaled data show increased skill in the crop yield sim- ulations. A statistically downscaled operational seasonal climate model forecast shows statistically significant (at the 5% level) interannual predictability in the peanut yield simulation. Since the yield amount simulated by the dynamical crop model is highly sensitive to wet/dry spell sequences (water stress) during the growing season, fidelity in simulating the precipitation variability is essential.
Enhanced isolation of low frequency herpes simplex virus recombinants using green-fluorescent protein and FACS.

Abstract The generation of recombinant herpes simplex virus to study the effect of engineered mutations on viral biology relies on the isolation of recombinants from a mixed population of viruses following a marker transfer procedure. Currently, the E. coli lacZ or green-fluorescent protein (GFP) genes are most frequently used as markers for isolation and isolation of recombinants relies on visual screening of plaques. Alternatively, novel restriction site changes can be inserted into a gene followed by screening of individual plaques for the novel change. These methods are inefficient when the frequency of recombinants in the pool of viruses is low. Using GFP as a selection marker, a FACS procedure that results in a substantial enrichment of the frequency of recombinants is described. Cells were infected at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1.0 in the presence of acyclovir and at 10 h post-infection, either the GFP+ or GFP− cells were sorted by FACS, and the sorted cells were plated on fresh cells. After three rounds of selection, the frequency of GFP+ recombinants rose from 0.1 to 3–4%. A mutant virus with a GFP insertion in the US1 gene (α22 protein) was generated and then used to isolate a virus with a mutation, Y116C, in the α22 protein.
Chemistry of the outer solar system

Data on the composition of the satellites of the outer planets and the composition and structure of planetary atmospheres are briefly reviewed in light of simple models for the origin of the solar system and the planets. Some crucial tests of present theories are suggested.
Boring of Shell by Caobangia in Freshwater Snails of Southeast Asia

Giard (1893) described Caobangia billeti, a freshwater sabellid polychaete, based on material collected in what is now northern North Vietnam. Up to the present time it had not been re-collected and Giard's observations that it is hermaphroditic, that its eggs undergo internal development, and that, rather than having a posterior terminal anal opening, the anus opens far forward, have been questioned from time to time. Recently collected material, as well as older material in the collections of the Division of Molluscs, Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, has allowed the confirmation ofGiard's findings and the observation of the burrows of Caobangia in 22 species of molluscs from fast-moving streams in Ceylon, northern India, Assam, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Java, Sabah, and various of the Philippine Islands. Burrowing in snail shells appears to take place subsequent to larval metamorphosis as youngindividuals grow posteriorly from a capsule-like structure through the periostracum and into the calcium carbonate of the snail shell. There appears to be no differentiated area of the worm which can be implicated as the site of acidic secretions, and the setae of the worms seem not to be unusually worn, as would be the case if they were used to wear away the shell material.
Polymer Matrix Composites: A Perspective for a Special Issue of Polymer Reviews

Polymer matrix composites, with their high specific strength and stiffness, are used in a wide range of applications from large wind turbine blades to microelectronics. This perspective article provides a brief primer on polymer matrix composites, discusses some of their advantages and limitations, and describes a number of emerging trends in the field. In addition, it introduces four review articles on the topics of recent developments in carbon fibers, natural fiber reinforced composites, evaluation of the interface between the fiber reinforcement and polymer matrix, and carbon nanotube reinforced polymers.
Physical and Functional Interactions between Vaccinia Virus F10 Protein Kinase and Virion Assembly Proteins A30 and G7

An early step in vaccinia virus morphogenesis, the association of crescent membranes with electron-dense granular material, is perturbed when expression of the viral protein encoded by the A30L or G7L open reading frame is repressed. Under these conditions, we found that phosphorylation of the A17 membrane protein, which is mediated by the F10 kinase, was severely reduced. Furthermore, A30 and G7 stimulated F10-dependent phosphorylation of A17 in the absence of other viral late proteins. Evidence for physical interactions between A30, G7, and F10 was obtained by their coimmunoprecipitation with antibody against A30 or F10. In addition, phosphorylation of A30 was dependent on the F10 kinase and autophosphorylation of F10 was stimulated by A30 and G7. Nevertheless, the association of A30, G7, and F10 occurred even with mutated, catalytically inactive forms of F10. Just as A30 and G7 are mutually dependent on each other for stability, F10 was nearly undetectable in the absence of A30 and G7. The reverse is not true, however, as repression of F10 did not diminish A30 or G7. Interaction of F10 with A30 and G7 presumably occurred within the virus factory areas of the cytoplasm, where each was concentrated. F10 localized predominantly in the cortical region of immature virions, beneath the membrane where A17 is located. F10 remained associated with the particulate core fraction of mature virions after treatment with a nonionic detergent and reducing agent. The formation of protein complexes such as the one involving A30, G7, and F10 may be a mechanism for the regulated packaging and processing of virion components.
The ban on opium production across Nangarhar: a risk too far?

Risk is a reality that has to be managed by households in rural Afghanistan. Some communities are more likely than others to experience risks and at the same time are the least likely to adapt and recover from the adverse outcomes when they arise. In rural Nangarhar many of the communities most likely to experience natural risks, as well as risks resulting from human activity, are also those who have been the most reliant on opium production. The impact of a comprehensive opium ban across the province for the third consecutive year has hit those communities who are most vulnerable to repeated and concurrent risks the hardest. Where these risks are compounded by the economic costs of illness, injury or death, or other life events such as marriage, households are left increasingly destitute, creating the conditions that foster further economic and political instability.
Tight lower bounds on the ambiguity of strong, total, associative, one-way functions

We study the ambiguity, or "many-to-one"-ness, of two-argument, one-way functions that are strong (that is, hard to invert even if one of their arguments is given), total, and associative. Such powerful one-way functions are the basis of a cryptographic paradigm described by Rabi and Sherman (Inform. Process. Lett. 64(2) (1997) 239) and were shown by Hemaspaandra and Rothe (J. Comput. System Sci. 58(3) (1999) 648) to exist exactly if standard one-way functions exist.Rabi and Sherman (1997) show that no total, associative function defined over a universe having at least two elements is one-to-one. We show that if P ≠ UP, then, for every d ∈ N+, there is an ν (log/1d n)-to-one. strong, total, associative, one-way function σd. We argue that this bound is tight in the sense that any total, associative function having similar properties to σd but not necessarily strong or one-way must have at least the same order of magnitude of ambiguity as σd has. We demonstrate that the techniques used in proving the above-stated results easily apply to other classes of total, associative functions.We provide a complete characterization for the existence of strong, total, associative, one-way functions whose ambiguity approaches the lower bounds we provide. We say a language is in PolylogP if there exists a polynomial-time Turing machine M accepting the language such that for some d ∈ R- it holds that M has on each string x at most ν (logdn) accepting paths, where n = |x|. We show that P ≠ PolylogP if and only for some d ∈ R- there exists an ν (logdn)-to-one, strong, total, associative, one-way function.
Continuous intraoral saccharin infusions in high vs. low saccharin-consuming rats

Confirmed high saccharin (HiS)-consuming and low saccharin (LoS)-consuming rats were compared in their taste response to saccharin using a continuous intraoral infusion procedure. On 2 separate days, rats were infused with 0.1% saccharin (rate = 1 ml/min) until they rejected fluid via passive drip or forceful fluid expulsion (at which time infusion was stopped for 30 s), and then again rejected fluid within 30 s after infusion was reinitiated. Two dependent measures were collected during infusion procedures: latency to first fluid rejection and total infusion time. On the first infusion day, HiS and LoS rats produced similar latencies to first rejection and total infusion times. However, HiS rats displayed significantly longer latencies to first rejection than LoS rats on the second infusion day. The results indicate that continuous infusion procedures exposed differences between HiS and LoS lines, but only after an initial experience with saccharin, albeit a relatively short exposure. The absence of immediate line differences with infusion procedures suggests that preference differences for saccharin between HiS and LoS lines are not mediated by brainstem taste reflexes, but rather are guided by associative processes accomplished above the brainstem.
In situ x-ray absorption studies of electrochemically induced phase changes in lithium-doped InSb

We report a comprehensive analysis of in situ x-ray absorption spectroscopy data that provide detailed information about phase transformations of the III-V semiconductor InSb, induced by electrochemical insertion of Li and extrusion of indium. Upon discharging a Li/InSb cell, In is extruded from the zinc-blende-type InSb structure and replaced by Li. Although more than 90% of the In is displaced from the structure, the Sb fcc sublattice remains stable at all degrees of lithiation. This process is reversible. However, in the fully charged state, about 40% of the In remains outside the matrix as In metal, leaving a corresponding number of Schottky vacancies in a ${\mathrm{In}}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}\mathrm{Sb}$ defect structure. The discussion of this paper focuses on the ease and reversibility of the phase changes in InSb electrodes, which is attributed to the stability of the Sb fcc sublattice at all states of discharge and charge, to the lattice compatibility of the different phases, and to the absence of significant charge gradients.
Fragmented trade and manufacturing services—Examples for a non-convex general equilibrium

Abstract This paper applies the Jones–Kierzkowski model to the contract manufacturing service industry. Stylized facts of that industry imply a theory of non-convex general equilibrium. The cost structure combines a constant marginal cost and a positive fixed cost; Marshalian free entry-free exit prevails. This implies a distinct market structure (which is neither perfect nor monopolistic competition, nor the usual Bertrand oligopoly) and a generalized equilibrium concept, based on the ‘full employment’ and ‘competitive profit’ conditions. In a class of examples where the technology is Ricardian for fabrication and Leontief for assembly, with fixed costs for ‘service links’, it is proved that there always exists Pareto optimal allocations, supported by a concept of generalized equilibrium (but–as shown by Koopmans–not by the Walras equilibrium, where the firms with increasing returns operate as price takers). Implications on specialization and cross country income distribution are noted.
Geometric variability and surface finish of weld zones in Yb:YAG laser welded advanced high strength steels

Abstract Laser welding is used for joining advanced high strength steels (AHSS) to improve formability and performance. In this paper, the geometric variability observed in the fusion zones and heat affected zones of several combinations of AHSS (different types, coatings and thicknesses), which were butt welded using a Trumpf TRUDISK 6000® Yb:YAG laser beam, is presented. The surface texture parameters such as roughness and waviness of laser welds were also measured and correlated with geometric variability. Results indicate that although high quality welds with minimal defects can be obtained using the Yb:YAG laser welding process, there is considerable variation in both the shape and the dimensions of weld zones. The variability increased with an increase in thickness differentials between the sheets being welded. Analysis of the top of the weld surfaces also suggested that aluminum coating on USIBOR samples contributes significantly to increased roughness. An increase in laser power coupled with corresponding increase in welding speed did not impact variability. A fair correlation between the surface roughness and weld region variability exists, although this needs further study.
Collaterals of spinothalamic cells in the rat

Spinothalamic (STT) cells were investigated in the rat to determine the distribution of subpopulations with terminals in both the lateral and medial thalamus, the thalamus bilaterally, or the thalamus and the medullary reticular formation. Two or more retrogradely transported substances (fluorescent dyes, and/or horseradish peroxidase) were injected in each animal. Three combinations of injections were most commonly used: (1) injections of the medullary reticular formation and thalamus, (2) separate injections into each side of the thalamus, and (3) separate injections into the medial and lateral thalamus. The distribution of single labeled cells after each injection was compared with previously published results for rats. The distribution of cells which contained both tracers, double-labeled (DL) cells, was the focus of this study. An average of 15% of STT cells and 8% of spinoreticular cells projected to both the reticular formation and thalamus. However, only a small component of STT cells (less than 2%) projected bilaterally into the thalamus. Most DL cells were found in upper cervical segments. The laminar distribution of all three groups of DL neurons were similar. These cells were most often located in the reticulated part of lamina V and the intermediate zone, lamina VII. STT cells that had terminals in both the medial and lateral thalamus and STT cells with collaterals in the reticular formation were concentrated on the side contralateral to their terminals. These DL neurons provide an anatomical substrate for noxious stimuli to stimuli to activate the reticular formation and thalamus and/or specific sensory and intralaminar thalamus simultaneously.
Nitrogenous excretory materials from the American cockroach

Abstract Excreta obtained from both sexes of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana , maintained on three different diets was examined for the presence of numerous possible nitrogenous materials in an effort to establish what substances are excreted by this insect. It was found that none of the classical terrestrial insect excretory products, including uric acid, could be detected by the methods employed. Rather, ammonia, amino groups, three tryptophan metabolites, unidentified water soluble materials, and water insoluble components constitute most of the total nitrogen excreted. Ammonia seems to be the largest single component, and it was quantitated in fresh and dried excreta. Upon lyophilization of the excreta more than half of the ammonia is lost.
Transport of H+, K+, Na+ and Ca++ in Streptococcus.

The streptococci differ from other bacteria in that cation translocations (with the possible exception of one of the K+ uptake systems) occur by primary transport systems, i.e., by cation pumps which use directly the free energy released during hydrolysis of chemical bonds to power transport. Transport systems in other bacteria, especially for Na+ and Ca++, are often secondary, using the free energy of another ion gradient to drive cation transport. In streptococci H+ efflux occurs via the F1F0-ATPase. This enzyme is composed of eight distinct subunits. Three of the subunits are embedded in the membrane and form a H+ channel; this is called the F0 portion of the enzyme. The other five subunits form the catalytic part of the enzyme, called F1, which faces the cytoplasm and can easily be stripped from the membrane. Physiologically, this enzyme functions as a H+-ATPase, pumping protons out of the cell to form an electrochemical proton gradient, \(\Delta \tilde \mu _H + \). The F1F0-ATPase, however, is fully reversible and if supplied with Pi, ADP and a \(\Delta \tilde \mu _H + \) + of sufficient magnitude (ca −200 mv) catalyzes the synthesis of ATP.
Assessment of Juvenile Pigs to Serve as Human Pediatric Surrogates for Preclinical Formulation Pharmacokinetic Testing

Pediatric drug development is hampered by biological, clinical, and formulation challenges associated with age-based populations. A primary cause for this lack of development is the inability to accurately predict ontogenic changes that affect pharmacokinetics (PK) in children using traditional preclinical animal models. In response to this issue, our laboratory has conducted a proof-of-concept study to investigate the potential utility of juvenile pigs to serve as surrogates for children during preclinical PK testing of selected rifampin dosage forms. Pigs were surgically modified with jugular vein catheters that were externalized in the dorsal scapular region and connected to an automated blood sampling system (PigTurn-Culex-L). Commercially available rifampin capsules were administered to both 20 and 40 kg pigs to determine relevant PK parameters. Orally disintegrating tablet formulations of rifampin were also developed and administered to 20 kg pigs. Plasma samples were prepared from whole blood by centrifugation and analyzed for rifampin content by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Porcine PK parameters were determined from the resultant plasma–concentration time profiles and contrasted with published rifampin PK data in human adults and children. Results indicated significant similarities in dose-normalized absorption and elimination parameters between pigs and humans. Moreover, ontogenic changes observed in porcine PK parameters were consistent with ontogenic changes reported for human PK. These results demonstrate the potential utility of the juvenile porcine model for predicting human pediatric PK for rifampin. Furthermore, utilization of juvenile pigs during formulation testing may provide an alternative approach to expedite reformulation efforts during pediatric drug development.
A Recognition Algorithm for Handprinted Arabic Numerals

A recognition algorithm for handprinted Arabic numerals is proposed. The algorithm is applied to a set of test samples and the test results are presented.
Critical response: On media and existence

(1987). Critical response: On media and existence. Critical Studies in Mass Communication: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 311-318.
Utilizing gamma isotope tracers to determine sediment source at reef sites near the Charleston Ocean Dredged Material Disposal Site.

Abstract The Charleston, South Carolina Ocean Dredged Material Disposal Site (ODMDS) has been heavily utilized as a disposal site for dredged material resulting from maintenance and channel deepening in the Charleston Harbor. Continuous monitoring by the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources at the ODMDS has indicated the presence of fine-grained sediment within the monitoring zones. However, since the Charleston Harbor is formed by the conjunction of three rivers, it has been suggested that some of the fine-grained sediment surrounding the ODMDS could be due to river transport rather than solely by disposal activities. In order to trace the outflow of sediment from the harbor, natural and man-made isotopes were utilized. 7Be (natural cosmogenic isotope) and 137Cs (man-made isotope) are often associated with estuarine sediments. Both isotopes were used as tracers in an attempt to determine the extent of density driven sediment flow from the Charleston Harbor. 7Be was detected in many of the offshore sampling stations indicating a direct correlation to the harbor. 137Cs was only found in one sediment trap sample offshore, but none the less indicated some transport from the harbor. Further study for utilizing isotopic tracers in determining offshore sediment transport is still being conducted at the disposal site. It is anticipated that further 7Be and 137Cs isotopic monitoring offshore Charleston will aid in determining the role that tidal and density driven sediments play in the sediment budgets at the hard bottom reef sites.
Raman and infrared spectra, conformational stability, barriers to internal rotation and ab initio calculations of trifluoroacetyl isothiocyanate

The Raman (3100-10 cm−1) and infrared (3100-30 cm−1) spectra of trifluoroacetyl isothiocyanate [CF3C(O)NCS] were recorded for the gas and solid. Additionally, the Raman spectrum of the liquid was recorded and qualitative depolarization values were obtained. The observed bands are assigned on the basis of the more stable cis conformer (isothiocyanate group cis to the carbonyl bond) and the less stable trans conformer in the vapor state. From the variable-temperature studies of the infrared spectrum of the sample dissolved in liquified xenon, two conformer pairs were used to determine a ΔH value of 104 ± 9 cm−1 (270 ± 26 cal mol−1). From the temperature dependence of the Raman spectrum of the liquid, two conformer pairs were used to determine experimentally a ΔH value of 90 ± 31 cm−1 (258 ± 88 cal mol−1), but for this physical state the trans conformer is the more stable form. In the annealed crystalline solid, only the trans conformer remains. A complete vibrational assignment is proposed for both conformers based on infrared band contours, Raman depolarization data, group wavenumbers and normal coordinate calculations. The experimental conformational stability, barriers to internal rotation and fundamental vibrational wavenumbers are compared with those obtained from the ab initio calculations employing the RHF/6-31G* basis set and to the corresponding quantities obtained for some similar molecules.
Effective Collaboration through Multi user CAx by Implementing New Methods of Product Specification and Management

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a new design process in which design specifications and task distribution are determined from a parallel multi user prospective. Using this method, projects are more easily decomposed into tasks that can be performed concurrently, thus decreasing the design time. Also, a framework is provided to determine the correct distribution of available talent and stakeholders that can be utilized on a given project. The research suggests that by involving the necessary stakeholders in a multi user setting, changes can be made quickly and without additional approval wait time. By including individuals from the various areas of required talent, persons of expertise will be able to work together in a mode of shared design rather than an iterative design process. Decreasing iterations as well as reducing wait time for approval will reduce the overall design time significantly. This method has been tested and validated utilizing controlled tests simulating real life situations of much larger ...
Prey (Moina macrocopa) population density drives emigration rate of its predator (Trichocorixa verticalis) in a rock-pool metacommunity

Dispersal connects spatially separated local food webs at a larger, metacommunity scale, and as a result, dispersal may both influence and be influenced by local food-web dynamics. Here, I focused on a rock-pool metacommunity and used a combination of observational, experimental, and theoretical approaches to explore the role of local prey (Moina macrocopa) density on the rate of emigration by their predator (Trichocorixa verticalis) and in turn, the effect of predator emigration on the per capita predation rate experienced by local prey populations. A lab feeding experiment quantified predation rates, demonstrating that indeed adult T. verticalis are voracious predators of M. macrocopa. M. macrocopa densities vary over five orders of magnitude across both space and time in rock pools, and a mesocosm experiment showed that this variation significantly influences T. verticalis emigration: predators emigrated more rapidly when prey were in lower densities. Finally, computer simulations demonstrated that this pattern of dispersal by T. verticalis has the potential to relieve local M. macrocopa populations from predation when the prey are at low densities, thereby reducing the likelihood that local M. macrocopa populations will be driven extinct by predation from T. verticalis.
OPTIMIZING AND SATISFICING IN STOCHASTIC COST‐VOLUME‐PROFIT ANALYSIS

This paper examines some of the implications of introducing penalties for output not equalling demand by employing a general stochastic model for a firm facing an uncertain demand with a known probability density function. Several alternative objectives of the firm are considered: (1) maximization of expected profits; (2) maximization of the probability of achieving a particular target level of profits; and (3) maximization of target profits, given a target level of the probability of their being achieved. It is shown that the resulting probability density function of profits is not well defined. The shape and location of the function depend on the relative magnitudes of the model parameters and the output decision. Several important implications of this result for cost-volume-profit analysis are discussed.
Ground state of the two-dimensional electron gas

Variational and fixed-node Green's-function Monte Carlo calculations have been performed to find the ground-state properties of the two-dimensional electron gas in the density range 1\ensuremath{\le}${r}_{s}$\ensuremath{\le}100. Our calculations predict a Wigner crystallization at the density ${r}_{s}$\ensuremath{\simeq}37\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5. The electron system is found to be in the normal- (paramagnetic) fluid state below the transition density, but the fully polarized state is very close in energy. We have tabulated the values of pair distribution function g(r), the static structure factor S(k), and the momentum distribution n(k) at several densities of interest both in the normal and the polarized phases. An estimate of the spin susceptibility \ensuremath{\chi} is also given.
Korean EFL Learners’ Indefinite Article Use with Four Types of Abstract Nouns

The study investigates Korean-speaking EFL learners’ article use with four different categories of abstract nouns. The categories, which are based on boundedness and countability, are state nouns, continuous-action nouns, non-continuous action nouns, and bounded independent nouns. Fifty Korean intermediate-level learners of English participated in a forced choice task in which they chose an indefinite article (a/n) or null article with these nouns in context. A one-way analysis of variance compared accuracy rates across the four different types of abstract nouns. The results showed that learners’ article use is influenced by noun type. The accuracy rate was highest for the bounded independent and lowest for the non-continuous action nouns. We propose that the heterogeneous nature of the category of abstract nouns should be addressed in research and pedagogy.
Genetic Effects of Thirteen Gossypium barbadense L. Chromosome Substitution Lines in Topcrosses with Upland Cotton Cultivars: I. Yield and Yield Components

Gossypium barbadense L. line 3–79 is lower in yield, has smaller bolls and longer, finer, and stronger fibers than upland cotton G. hirsutum L. Thirteen chromosome substitution (CS-B) lines with individual 3–79 chromosomes or arms substituted into TM-1, G. hirsutum, were top crossed with five elite cultivars and additive and dominance effects for the yield components, lint percentage, boll weight, seed cotton yield, and lint yield, were measured over four environments. Additiveeffectsweregreaterthandominanceeffectsforalltraits.CS-B lines had smaller additive and homozygous dominance effects than the cultivars for most traits. Many CS-B lines had negative additive effects; however,chromosomesubstitutedarms22shand22Loshowedadditive effects for lint yield that were significantly greater than homologous chromosome arms in TM-1. Hybrids of DP90 3 CS-B15sh, ST 474 3 CS-B17, and FM 966 3 CS-B02 had positive dominance effects for lint yield significantly greater than the homologous chromosomes in TM-1. Severalchromosomesorarmswereassociatedwithsignificantnegative additive or dominance effects. These data provide a valuable baseline on yield components for the utility of these CS-B lines in commercial breeding programs. When individual chromosomes or chromosome arms, via CS-B lines, are used in crosses with cultivars, alleles for yield components on specific G. barbadense chromosomes were uncovered that showed positive interactions with alleles in elite germplasm.
Multidimensional Assessment of Religiousness/Spirituality and Health Behaviors in College Students

Research has demonstrated a positive relation between particular religious/spiritual variables and health behaviors and outcomes. However, recent conceptualizations of religiousness/spirituality (R/S) and health acknowledge the multidimensionality of both constructs. Consequently, it is important to study these constructs in ways that allow for simultaneous consideration of their multiple dimensions and then determine relations between the latent higher order constructs formed by these analyses. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the relations between multidimensional constructions, based on multivariate analysis, of both R/S and health behaviors in first- and second-year college students, individuals who are at a time of transition. To achieve this aim, the authors used canonical correlation to determine if one or more latent R/S variables might be identified and associated with one or more latent health behavior variables. Participants were 266 first- and second-year undergraduates (61% ...
Discrete event simulation for shop floor control

The paper describes an application of discrete event simulation for shop floor control for a flexible manufacturing system. In this application, the simulation is used not only as an analysis and evaluation tool, but also as a "task generator" for the specification of shop floor control tasks. Using this approach, the effort applied to the development of the simulation is not duplicated in the development of the control system. Instead, the same control logic is used for the control system as was used for the simulation. Additionally, since the simulation implements the control, it provides very high fidelity performance predictions. Implementation experience in two flexible manufacturing laboratories is described. These implementations use a special feature of the Arena/SIMAN simulation language which allows Arena/SIMAN to interact directly with the shop floor control system through an interprocess communication mechanism. This feature is described in detail.
Drag on an axially symmetric body vibrating slowly along its axis in a viscous fluid

Let D0 be the Stokes drag on an axially symmetric body moving parallel to its axis with velocity U0 through an unbounded fluid. The drag D experienced by the same body oscillating with velocity U = U0eiσt along its axis in the unbounded fluid is given by the expression where a is any characteristic particle dimension and is a dimensionaless number. The part of this drag formula which gives the energy dissipation is calculated for bodies of various shapes.
Epicutaneous sensitization with Dermatophagoides farinae induces generalized allergic dermatitis and elevated mite-specific immunoglobulin E levels in a canine model of atopic dermatitis.

Summary Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a cutaneous hypersensitivity associated with elevated levels of antigen-specific IgE, commonly to house dust mites (HDMs). It remains controversial as to whether sensitization and clinical disease are induced by cutaneous exposure to HDM. Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine whether repeated applications of Dermatophagoides farinae slurry to intact skin of Maltese–Beagle atopic (MAB) dogs would result in the development of clinical signs or lesions resembling spontaneous canine AD, to determine whether repeated slurry applications would induce elevations in mite-specific IgE and/or IgG, and to determine whether mite antigens could be demonstrated within the dermis of application sites. Methods Dogs received weekly slurry applications to the axilla and groin, and were patch tested at 120 days, or were patch tested at days 1, 60 and 120, but did not receive further slurry applications. Skin biopsies and serum samples were obtained on days 1, 60 and 120. Results Pruritic dermatitis was seen in all dogs by day 60. D. farinae-specific IgE was elevated by day 60. Histologic examination of early application sites revealed mild, mononuclear perivascular dermatitis. Later application sites were characterized by a dense inflammatory infiltrate and oedema in both the dermis and the epidermis. Immunofluorescent staining confirmed the presence of D. farinae antigens in the dermis. Conclusions This study demonstrated that epicutaneous application of HDM slurry to MAB dogs results in elevations of HDM-specific IgE, localized and generalized pruritic dermatitis resembling spontaneous canine AD, and histologic changes typical of IgE-driven inflammation. We feel that these results suggest that epicutaneous exposure to allergen may play an important role during both the sensitization and the perpetuation of AD, and provide support for the use of a canine model in the investigation of the pathogenesis of AD.
The Effect of Focusing on the Cognitive Processes of Learning Disabled Children

This research studied the effect of focused or preorganized instruction on the mental operations of learning disabled children. Subjects were 64 learning disabled children divided randomly into experimental and control groups. Two folk tales were read on separate occasions to each child. The experimental group was focused periodically to watch for certain information, while the control group heard the stories uninterrupted. Following the reading each child was asked to retell the story and was questioned about the content. Replies were recorded and the language sample coded according to a hierarchy of cognitive responses. Results indicated focused instruction had a positive effect on cognitive functioning. Findings suggest possibilities for the use of a language sample to assess children's mental processes and support for the efficacy of focused presentation of material to learning disabled children.
Behavioral Biometrics for Universal Access and Authentication

Behavioral biometrics, such as gait, voice, handwriting, and keystroke dynamics can provide a method of authenticating users that is both secure and usable, particularly on mobile devices. Behavioral biometrics can often be collected in the background, without requiring a specific security task to be completed by the user. Many behavioral biometrics can be recorded with hardware that has already been deployed in many mobile devices. In this paper, we consider the use of behavioral biometrics for authentication in systems designed for universal access. Requirements for security and authentication are discussed, and several behavioral biometrics are introduced. Considerations for universal access are presented.
Fundamental authority in late medieval English law

Authority and consent - the populist thesis human law - the positivist thesis natural law - the superior moral law "Iustitia, rigor iuris" and "aequitas" judicial decisions and the authority of reason conscience in the common law mischief and inconvenience.
Extended simples and qualitative heterogeneity

The problem of qualitative heterogeneity is to explain how an extended simple can enjoy qualitative variation across its spatial or temporal axes, given that it lacks both spatial and temporal parts. I discuss how friends of extended simples should address the problem of qualitative heterogeneity. I present a series of arguments designed to show that rather than appealing to fundamental distributional properties one should appeal to tiny and short-lived tropes. Along the way, issues relevant to debates about material composition, persistence over time and existence monism are discussed.
Stimulation of carnitine acetyltransferase in PC12 cells by nerve growth factor: Relationship to choline acetyltransferase stimulation

The activity of carnitine acetyltransferase (acetyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-acetyltransferase) was found to be at least 50-fold higher than that of choline acetyltransferase in PC12 cells. Nerve growth factor stimulated both enzymes in a parallel manner with respect to concentration of NGF and culture time. The stimulation of both enzymes was completely inhibited by 10 μM 6-thioguanine, an inhibitor of protein kinase N. Results are discussed with reference to the hypothesis that the two enzymes may be functionally related in neuronal cells.
Octreotide as an Adjunct to Home Parenteral Nutrition in the Management of Permanent End-Jejunostomy Syndrome

Intravenous fluid requirements for patients with permanent end-jejunostomy syndrome often exceeds 3 L/d, making rehabilitation difficult. The effect of the somatostatin analogue, octreotide (100 micrograms TID, subcutaneously) in reducing requirements was measured in 10 patients established on home parenteral nutrition. After 10 days of treatment, 72-hour balance measurements demonstrated significant reductions in stomal fluid and electrolyte losses from (mean +/- SE) 8.1 +/- 1.8 to 4.8 +/- 0.7 L/d (p < .03), sodium from 510 +/- 71 to 340 +/- 41 mEq/d (p < .03), chloride from 533 +/- 70 to 315 +/- 32 mEq/d (p < .002), and potassium from 101 +/- 41 to 79 +/- 34 mEq/d (p < .02), permitting an average reduction in intravenous fluid requirements of 1.3 L/d (p < .0003), 118 mEq Na+/d (p < .03), 41 mEq K+/d (p < .02), and 178 mEq Cl-/d (p < .01). This meant that daytime intravenous infusions could be stopped in all patients. Fecal nitrogen losses were decreased (p < .05), but overall there was no significant change in fat and caloric absorption. In addition, hormonal stimulated gastric acid and pancreatic lipase secretions were significantly reduced (p < .05). The effect was most marked in those patients with massive stomal losses and uncontrollable thirst. Continuation of treatment for more than 1 year in 8 of the patients suggested preservation of potency and good tolerance, with the possible exception of accelerated gallstone formation and subacute intestinal obstruction. In conclusion, octreotide has the potential to improve the quality of life of those end-jejunostomy syndrome patients with massive stomal losses, resistant to conventional medical treatment.
Calderas in the Precambrian terrane of the St. Francois Mountains, southeastern Missouri

Precambrian igneous rocks in the St. Francois Mountains of southeastern Missouri consist of silicic volcanic rocks, mostly ash flow tuff, which crop out mostly in the western and southwestern part of the region, and epizonal granitic plutons which are mostly exposed in the northeastern part of the area. These relations suggest that the exposures in the northeast are of a somewhat deeper part of the crust and that rocks there are now exposed because of west-southwesterly tilting and beveling by erosion. In the eastern St. Francois Mountains the occurrence of a thick rhyolitic ash flow tuff, Grassy Mountain ignimbrite, and its distribution relative to a large, high-silica pluton, Butler Hill granite, suggest that the ash flow is the principal eruptive material of a caldera, the Butler Hill caldera, and that Butler Hill granite is the frozen magma chamber that was originally beneath it. Structural relations indicate that Butler Hill granite was emplaced into the volcanic rocks of the caldera during resurgent doming. Four small low-silica plutons, Silvermine, Stono, Knoblick, and Slabtown granites, are distributed peripherally to the Butler Hill granite and are interpreted as ring plutons emplaced along the ring fracture of the caldera or along arcuate intracaldera faults, after resurgent doming and emplacement of Butler Hill granite. More than 3 km of silicic volcanic rocks occupy a basinal structure in the western St. Francois Mountains. These rocks lie with angular unconformity upon up-domed older rocks of the Butler Hill caldera along an arcuate zone of megabreccia and disturbed structure on the western margin of the older caldera. This feature is interpreted as the topographic wall of a second caldera which lies to the west. The occurrence of the thick Taum Sauk rhyolite stratigraphically about 3 km higher than the rocks involved in the megabreccias may indicate that there was yet another caldera formed in this western part of the St. Francois Mountains.