cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
To B or not to B: a question of resolution?

In choosing and refining any crystallographic structural model, there is tension between the desire to extract the most detailed information possible and the necessity to describe no more than what is justified by the observed data. A more complex model is not necessarily a better model. Thus, it is important to validate the choice of parameters as well as validating their refined values. One recurring task is to choose the best model for describing the displacement of each atom about its mean position. At atomic resolution one has the option of devoting six model parameters (a `thermal ellipsoid') to describe the displacement of each atom. At medium resolution one typically devotes at most one model parameter per atom to describe the same thing (a `B factor'). At very low resolution one cannot justify the use of even one parameter per atom. Furthermore, this aspect of the structure may be described better by an explicit model of bulk displacements, the most common of which is the translation/libration/screw (TLS) formalism, rather than by assigning some number of para­meters to each atom individually. One can sidestep this choice between atomic displacement parameters and TLS descriptions by including both treatments in the same model, but this is not always statistically justifiable. The choice of which treatment is best for a particular structure refinement at a particular resolution can be guided by general considerations of the ratio of model parameters to the number of observations and by specific statistics such as the Hamilton R-­factor ratio test.
Current State of Developmental Neurotoxicology Research

We have been witness to significant research advances in areas such as neuroscience, neurodegeneration, cancer therapy, etc., yet, investigation in developmental neurotoxicology (DNT) has fallen behind [1]. [...].
The genus level of a group

We introduce the notion of the genus level of a group as a tool to help classify finite conformal group actions on compact Riemann surfaces. We classify all groups of genus level 1 and use our results to outline an algorithm to classify actions of p-groups on compact Riemann surfaces. To illustrate our results, we provide a number of detailed examples.
Light Scattering Study of Particle Dynamics in Dipolar Magnetic Fluids

Halsey and Toor theoretical model (HT) predicts that a thermally induced long-range chain-chain interaction might be responsible for chain-chain lateral aggregation in dipolar fluids. However, this model fails with experiments. To characterize thermally induced chain vibrations, we measured the dynamics of particles in a chain configuration in a very dilute ferrofluid emulsion using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The transverse particle diffusion coefficient at short times is studied as a function of the scattering wave vector, q, and the coupling constant, λ. By varying q, transverse motions of the whole chain can be well separated from transverse motions of the chain components (particles). The results show that the characteristic frequency of particle position fluctuations scales as , where a is the particle radius. This is interpreted using a polymer analogy including Hydrodynamic Interactions (HI) known as Rouse-Zimm model. Since HI are not included in HT model, HI could be responsible for the discrepancy with experiments. When the volume fraction increases, chains gather and DLS is inappropriate to study the system. A more recently developed technique, known as Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy (DWS) is used to obtain the mean square displacement of particle within columns. Since the particle dynamics is closely related to the viscoelastic properties of the system, studying particle dynamics may help us to understand better the rheological properties of MR fluids.
Spatio-temporal motion estimation for disease discrimination in cardiac echo videos

In this paper we present a method of simultaneous registration of an entire sequence of frames of an echocardiographic sequence. In our approach, each echo frame is modeled using a probability density function, and registration problem between all pairs of echo frames is formulated as the problem of matching probability densities. An information-theoretic criterion called the Jensen-Renyi divergence is used to measure the distance between the probability density functions. The Renyipsilas Quadratic entropy results in a closed- form solution for the registration problem. Once the echo frames are registered, temporal trajectories of corresponding feature points in successive frames can be used to derive average velocity curves which have been shown to be useful for disease discrimination. To evaluate our technique for echo motion estimation for disease discrimination, we tested on a data set including cardiac echo from 21 patients of varying diseases. The data set includes a total of 72 complete cardiac cycles and contains 1612 frames. We compare our approach against two competing motion detection techniques, optical flow and Demons algorithm, on the same data set, and our motion detector performs best in terms of the separation between different diseases.
Prototype development of a geostationary synthetic thinned aperture radiometer, GeoSTAR

Preliminary details of a 2-D synthetic aperture radiometer prototype operating from 50 to 55 GHz will be presented. The laboratory prototype is being developed to demonstrate the technologies and system design needed to do millimeter-wave atmospheric soundings with high spatial resolution from Geostationary orbit. The concept is to deploy a large thinned aperture Y-array on a geostationary satellite, and to use aperture synthesis to obtain images of the Earth without the need for a large mechanically scanned antenna. The laboratory prototype consists of a Y-array of 24 horn antennas, MMIC receivers, and a digital cross-correlation subsystem
Curriculum Review: How Industry Views Hospitality Education

A brief survey of 46 hospitality-industry professionals found a relatively high opinion of the job that hospitality-education programs do in preparing students, although the survey respondents had many specific suggestions for improvement. Stronger practical and hands-on learning topped the list of areas where the practitioners would like to see improvement, along with more focus on interpersonal and human-resources skills, and on finance-related knowledge. The respondents appreciate the energy and enthusiasm displayed by hospitality-program graduates, although those graduates sometimes have unrealistic expectations about the industry and have specific gaps in their education, notably in their ability to write clearly. The greatest issue facing the industry, as judged by this group of respondents, is recruiting, training, and retaining employees.
Graphical operator interface for space telerobotics

Potential applications of advanced graphical operator interfaces using graphics and graphical user interfaces in space telerobotic operations are addressed. Possible applications are illustrated with examples of graphics visualization displays developed for advanced teleoperation and with an example of an operator's interface design developed for remote surface inspection at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. >
Knowing Your Enemy: Information and Commitment Problems in Civil Wars

When do civil wars last especially long? Commitment problems can stymie conflict resolution but they are not homogeneous across all civil wars. Indeed, combatants’ perceptions of their adversaries significantly affect the severity of commitment problems. Intergroup interactions provide combatants with one crucial type of information about their adversaries and about the risks associated with signing a peace settlement, shaping strategic decisions. The argument is tested against a new data set of all ethnic civil wars between 1945 and 2004. The results demonstrate that intergroup interactions prolong wars when they indicate that a peace deal will be especially fragile or that the costs of it breaking down will be especially high. This is true, regardless of the combatants’ goals or their capabilities. In sum, information shapes perceptions and the severity of commitment problems, in turn affecting the duration of civil wars.
Automated Peritoneal Dialysis Symposium: Utilization of PD Modalities: Evolution

In the early 1960s, peritoneal dialysis (PD) was introduced as a form of long-term maintenance therapy in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We have come a long way since. Increasing understanding of peritoneal kinetic behavior, its innovative manipulation to meet patient needs, critical monitoring of clinical outcomes, and parallel development in technology have all contributed to the worldwide success of the therapy over the past four decades. In this article we review the evolution of the various PD modalities in the context of these factors.
Tejano Origins in Eighteenth-Century San Antonio

Acknowledgments Introduction I. Bexar: Profile of a Tejano Community, 1820-1832, by Jesus F. de la Teja and John Wheat II. Forgotten Founders: The Military Settlers of Eighteenth-Century San Antonio de Bexar, by Jesus F. de la Teja III. The Canary Islands Immigrants of San Antonio: From Ethnic Exclusivity to Community in Eighteenth-Century Bexar, by Gerald E. Poyo IV. The Religious-Indian Communities: The Goals of the Friars, by Gilberto M. Hinojosa V. Immigrants and Integration in Late Eighteenth-Century Bexar, by Gerald E. Poyo VI. Indians and Their Culture in San Fernando de Bexar, by Gilberto M. Hinojosa and Anne A. Fox VII. Independent Indians and the San Antonio Community, by Elizabeth A.H. John Conclusion: The Emergence of a Tejano Community Notes Selective Bibliography on Spanish Texas, 1685-1821 Index
Granzymes Drive a Rapid Listeriolysin O-induced T Cell Apoptosis

The Listeria monocytogenes protein listeriolysin O (LLO) is a pore-forming protein essential for virulence. Although the major role for LLO is to allow L. monocytogenes entry into the cytosol, it also induces apoptosis of activated lymphocytes, an obligatory cellular response that modulates the infection. Induction of apoptosis by LLO proceeds through a fast, caspase-dependent pathway and a slow, caspase-independent pathway. Polyclonal T cell lines were generated from either normal mice or mice deficient in granzyme and perforin proteins, and then treated with apoptogenic doses of LLO. In this study we show that apoptosis of lymphocytes induced by LLO was characterized by activation of caspases as quickly as 30 min that was dependent on the expression of granzymes. In the absence of granzymes, all parameters of apoptosis such as caspase activation, phosphatidylserine exposure, mitochondrial depolarization, and DNA fragmentation were dramatically reduced in magnitude. Removal of perforin inhibited the apoptotic effect of LLO on cells by ∼50%. Neutralization of intracellular acidification using chloroquine inhibited the rapid apoptotic death. In agreement with these findings granzyme-deficient mice harbored lower bacterial titers and decrease splenic pathology compared with normal mice following L. monocytogenes infection. Thus, LLO exploits apoptotic enzymes of the adaptive immune response to eliminate immune cells and increase its virulence.
Interchannel interference analysis of OFDM in a mobile environment

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with a suitably chosen guard interval is an effective means of eliminating intersymbol interference for high-rate transmission over fading dispersive channels. Time variations of the channel, however, lead to a loss of subchannel orthogonality, resulting in interchannel interference (ICI). The article examines the effects of ICI through analysis and simulation, in the context of a system design for HDTV digital video broadcasting to mobile receivers. It is shown that ICI can be modeled as an additive Gaussian random process that leads to an error floor which can be determined analytically as a function of the Doppler frequency. Antenna diversity and trellis coding are then examined as methods for reducing this error floor.
Postsynthetic ligand exchange as a route to functionalization of ‘inert’ metal–organic frameworks

Herein, we report that the exchange of ligands from an intact metal–organic framework (MOF) can be exploited as a means to introduce functionalized ligands into MOFs under mild conditions. It is shown that ligand exchange can occur with ‘inert’ Zr(IV)-based UiO-66 MOFs in a solvent dependent manner. We call this process postsynthetic exchange (PSE) and show that it provides access to MOFs that are not readily prepared in high quality by solvothermal methods. It was found that ligand exchange can occur between UiO-66 MOFs as monitored by aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS). ATOFMS was used to analyze the chemical composition of microcrystalline MOFs on the single particle level, providing information not available through bulk analysis. PSE is an important postsynthetic approach to the modification of MOFs, and the ligand exchange revealed by ATOFMS requires a re-evaluation of the assumed ‘stability’ of even the most robust MOFs.
Vanishing of {1}/{m} corrections at threshold

Abstract Heavy-quark predictions for hadronic weak-decay transition amplitudes have O ( 1 m ) corrections, but we show these always vanish at threshold. This follows from the nonrenormalization of the threshold effective currents at O ( 1 m ) , and an application of the Ademollo-Gatto theorem. The result, which we call Luke's theorem, holds for initial and final particles consisting of a heavy quark or scalar and light degrees of freedom in an arbitrary spin state.
Anxiety disorders in youth: Diagnostic consistency across DSM-III-R and DSM-IV

Abstract The shift from DSM-III-R to DSM-IV resulted in changes in the criteria for anxiety disorders in youth, although studies investigating cross-system agreement were unavailable. Forty clinic-referred children were diagnosed with a structured diagnostic interview to assess anxiety disorders using DSM-III-R and DSM-IV criteria. Diagnostic differences for each disorder under DSM-III-R and DSM-IV were found to be non-significant—indicating a high degree of agreement between the two systems. Modifications to the diagnostic categories and/or criteria for anxiety disorders of childhood and adolescence in DSM-IV do not seem to have interfered with the extent to which we can generalize from current and past research using DSM-III-R.
Location performance of a sparse regional network

A key element in successful seismic verification of a nuclear test ban treaty is the capability of a sparse network of seismic stations to accurately locate regional events. We have investigated the regional location accuracy of the Regional Seismic Test Network (RSTN), a five-element, three-component network in eastern North America, using 62 events varying in size from magnitude 3.0 to 5.1. Applying an algorithm which allows inclusion of back-azimuth estimates as well as travel times, we determined a median location error of 23 km for the data set relative to the PDE locations. Considering the large station spacing (1500 km) and a few data used in the locations (2 to 4 stations), the RSTN location accuracy is remarkably good; the results imply that a widely spaced network of single, three-component stations could reliably locate regional seismic events. {copyright} American Geophysical Union 1989
Spontaneous Activity of Solitary Dopaminergic Cells of the Retina

Dopaminergic interplexiform amacrine cells were labeled in transgenic mice with human placental alkaline phosphatase and could therefore be identified after dissociation of the retina and used for whole-cell current and voltage clamp. In absence of synaptic inputs, dopaminergic amacrines spontaneously fired action potentials in a rhythmic pattern. This activity was remarkably robust in the face of inhibition of various voltage-dependent ion channels. It was minimally affected by external cesium or cobalt, suggesting no involvement of either the hyperpolarization-activated cation current Ih or voltage-dependent calcium channels. Inhibiting calcium-activated potassium channels by charybdotoxin or tetraethylammonium slowed the repolarizing phase of the action potentials and eliminated a slow afterhyperpolarization but had a scarce effect on the frequency of spontaneous firing. Voltage-clamp experiments showed that the interspike depolarization leading to threshold results from tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium channels active at the interspike voltages of -60 to -40 mV. Because dopamine acts on distant targets in the retina, the pacemaker activity of dopaminergic amacrines may be necessary to ensure a tonic release of the modulator from their dendritic tree. Pacemaking is a property that this type of retinal amacrine cell shares with the dopaminergic mesencephalic neurons, but the ionic mechanisms responsible for the spontaneous firing are apparently different.
Diet of the larval ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz (Ctenophora, Lobata)

Larvae and post-larvae of the lobate ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi consumed significant quantities of microphytoplankton and microzooplankton prey in controlled experiments where they were fed in situ assemblages of microplankton prey. Prey taxa ingested included phototrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates, choreotrich ciliates, cyclotrich ciliates and euglenoid flagellates. Per capita clearance and ingestion rates varied with consumer size, prey taxon and prey abundance. Average per capita clearance rates for the 11 size classes of larvae and post-larvae examined ranged from 9 to 230 mL individual � 1 h � 1 . Average per capita clearance rates for tentaculate-stage, transition-stage and lobate-stage individuals were 40, 31 and 95 mL individual � 1 h � 1 , respectively. Total ingestion rate varied similarly with consumer size, prey taxon and prey abundance, ranging from 1 to 6259% body carbon day � 1 . All size classes of M. leidyi larvae and post-larvae derived more nutrition from dinoflagellates than from ciliates. Both positive and negative selection of specific prey taxa were observed, and varied with larval size and prey taxonomic composition. The results contradict the prevailing view that all life history stages of M. leidyi are primarily carnivorous. The measured clearance rates are sufficiently high that the larvae, when abundant, have the potential to exert a significant predation impact on their prey populations in the water column. Understanding the processes that influence survival during early developmental stages may provide one key to understanding the initiation and maintenance of the adult M. leidyi blooms that are commonly observed in coastal waters.
New Wrinkles in The Theory of Age: Demography, Norms, and Performance Ratings

Age seems lo play an important role in a wide range of employee behaviors. One interpretation of this role is that it depends more on people's beliefs about age than mi the ages themselves. Despite...
Towards legitimacy and professionalism: A call to repeal the Gillett Amendment

Abstract This article represents a call to repeal the Gillett Amendment. The 1913 Gillett Amendment is often treated as a quirky fact of history relegated to the Introduction to Public Relations course. This article argues that the contemporary practice of public relations built on ethics, professionalism, theory, and research no longer resembles the conditions that precipitated the Gillett Amendment. We encourage professionals, scholars, and public relations associations to work together to repeal the Amendment and recognize government public relations as a legitimate communication practice necessary for a civil society.
Emitting Happiness? Using Model-Based Cluster Analysis to Group Countries by Wealth, Development, Carbon Emissions, and Happiness

This exploratory study uses model-based cluster analysis to group countries based on statistical similarities in terms of income, development, carbon emissions, and self-reported happiness. Several characteristics of the resulting clusters are noted. The least developed cluster, generating just 5% of the carbon emissions and earning on average 14% the income of the most developed cluster, experienced an average of 89% of the happiness of that of residents of the most developed cluster. The least developed cluster would have had an even higher level of average happiness had countries with unusually negative recent experiences such as Egypt and Iraq been excluded. Between the two clusters with the highest self-reported happiness, one emits just 57% the carbon dioxide emissions of the other. Average happiness is lowest in the two clusters with medium levels of income and development. These observations, among others, are very salient to deciding how to further happiness at the individual, firm, and societal levels while reducing emissions and other negative environmental impacts. The results should provoke further work in measuring, understanding, and fostering conditions conducive to well-being.
Porous, Dexamethasone-loaded polyurethane coatings extend performance window of implantable glucose sensors in vivo.

Abstract Continuous glucose sensors offer the promise of tight glycemic control for insulin dependent diabetics; however, utilization of such systems has been hindered by issues of tissue compatibility. Here we report on the in vivo performance of implanted glucose sensors coated with Dexamethasone-loaded (Dex-loaded) porous coatings employed to mediate the tissue-sensor interface. Two animal studies were conducted to (1) characterize the tissue modifying effects of the porous Dex-loaded coatings deployed on sensor surrogate implants and (2) investigate the effects of the same coatings on the in vivo performance of Medtronic MiniMed SOF-SENSOR™ glucose sensors. The tissue response to implants was evaluated by quantifying macrophage infiltration, blood vessel formation, and collagen density around implants. Sensor function was assessed by measuring changes in sensor sensitivity and time lag, calculating the Mean Absolute Relative Difference (MARD) for each sensor treatment, and performing functional glucose challenge test at relevant time points. Implants treated with porous Dex-loaded coatings diminished inflammation and enhanced vascularization of the tissue surrounding the implants. Functional sensors with Dex-loaded porous coatings showed enhanced sensor sensitivity over a 21-day period when compared to controls. Enhanced sensor sensitivity was accompanied with an increase in sensor signal lag and MARD score. These results indicate that Dex-loaded porous coatings were able to elicit an attenuated tissue response, and that such tissue microenvironment could be conducive towards extending the performance window of glucose sensors in vivo. Statement of Significance In the present article, a coating to extend the functionality of implantable glucose sensors in vivo was developed. Our study showed that the delivery of an anti-inflammatory agent with the presentation of micro-sized topographical cues from coatings may lead to improved long-term glucose sensor function in vivo. We believe that improved function of sensors treated with the novel coatings was a result of the observed decreases in inflammatory cell density and increases in vessel density of the tissue adjacent to the devices. Furthermore, extending the in vivo functionality of implantable glucose sensors may lead to greater adoption of these devices by diabetic patients.
Early Lithification, Dolomitization, and Anhydritization of Upper Devonian Nisku Buildups, Subsurface of Alberta, Canada

Carbonates and evaporites of the Upper Devonian Nisku Formation were deposited on an extensive cratonic shelf that extended more than 1300 km southeastward from central Alberta into western Wyoming and South Dakota. The study area is located in the subsurface of central Alberta between townships 46 to 52 and ranges 5W5 to 16W5 (Figs. 1 and 2). In this area, the average depth of the Nisku is about 2000 m in the northeast and about 3600 m in the southwest. The strata form a structural homocline which dips towards the southwest at an average angle of 0.5 degrees.
Rumen Microorganisms Decrease Bioavailability of Inorganic Selenium Supplements

Despite the availability of selenium (Se)-enriched trace mineral supplements, we have observed low Se status in cattle and sheep offered traditional inorganic Se supplements. Reasons for this may include inadequate intake or low bioavailability of inorganic Se sources. The objective of this study was to determine whether rumen microorganisms (RMO) alter the bioavailability of Se sources commonly used in Se supplements. Rumen microorganisms were isolated from ewes (n = 4) and incubated ex vivo with no Se (control), with inorganic Na selenite or Na selenate, or with organic selenomethionine (SeMet). Total Se incorporated into RMO and the amount of elemental Se formed were determined under equivalent conditions. Incorporation of Se from Na selenite, Na selenate, or SeMet into RMO was measured as fold change compared with control (no added Se). Incorporation of Se into microbial mass was greater for SeMet (13.2-fold greater than no-Se control) compared with inorganic Se supplements (P = 0.02); no differences were observed between inorganic Na selenate (3.3-fold greater than no-Se control) and Na selenite (3.5-fold greater than no-Se control; P = 0.97). Formation of non-bioavailable, elemental Se was less for RMO incubated with SeMet compared with inorganic Se sources (P = 0.01); no differences were observed between Na selenate and Na selenite (P = 0.09). The clinical importance of these results is that the oral bioavailability of organic SeMet should be greater compared with inorganic Se sources because of greater RMO incorporation of Se and decreased formation of elemental Se by RMO.
Comparative History as Comparative Advantage: China's Potential Contribution to the Study of Ancient Mediterranean History

This paper argues that Chinese historians of the Greco-Roman world can and should make a significant contribution to this field by promoting the comparative analysis of ancient civilizations in eastern and western Eurasia.
Skill Upgrading and Imports in US Manufacturing

Many researchers have asserted that trade plays a minor role in rising skill-intensity in the U.S., primarily because the majority of skill-upgrading occurred within industries. However, recent theoretical models show that international trade can induce within-industry skill-upgrading by raising R&D intensity and creating skill-biased technologies. This paper tests this assertion by estimating the effect of rising import shares on wage shares for 4-digit SIC US manufacturing industries. Using instrumental variables estimation to account for the endogeneity of imports, I find that roughly half of the total skill-upgrading in US manufacturing between 1972 and 1988 can be explained by rising import shares.
Effect of Sulfonamide Compounds upon Growth of Staphylococci in Presence and Absence of p-Aminobenzoic Acid.∗:

ConclusionsA synthetic, chemically-defined medium has proved satisfactory for the study of the bacteriostatic effect of the sulfonamide compounds upon staphylococci. Sulfathiazole and sulfadiazine have a definitely greater inhibitory effect upon growth compared to sulfapyridine and sulfanilamide, with sulfathiazole superior to sulfadiazine. While p-aminobenzoic acid inhibits this bacteriostatic action of all the compounds studied, the greater the effect of a compound upon growth of Staphylococci, the less inhibitory is p-aminobenzoic acid against this action of the compound.
Aesthetics, Examination, and Care

Individuals requesting body contour surgery prompts a comprehensive physical, medical, and motivational assessment. The goal is improved aesthetic topographical anatomy. Aesthetic surgical anatomy is those features that surgeons have the skill to modify or create.
27 CLINICAL SCIENCE RESEARCH PROGRAM: THE MISSING MENTOR?

Purpose To fulfill a requirement of the clinical science (CLSC) course “Clinical Outcomes Assessment” at the University of Colorado, participating students in the program designed a survey to evaluate student perceptions related to the Clinical Research Training Program (CRTP) and to identify opportunities for improvement. Methods The students designed a 99-question series in an on-line Web-based survey using a 5-point Likert scale to evaluate the structures, processes, and outcomes that might be anticipated from any successful NIH K-30 funded program. The survey covered the following domains: (1) self- assessments related to accreditation for GME research-related competencies; (2) course scheduling; (3) support required for manuscript/grant writing; (4) faculty mentorship; and (5) career development goals and planning. Respondents were asked about both the courses taken and their manuscript/grant writing productivity. Summary of Results Sixty-five (56%) students responded. Results for the five domains included (1) statistically significant improvement in student perceptions related to their self-assessment for competencies from the start of the program to the time of survey; (2) student responses increased from “unsure”/"disagree" toward “agree” for the following constructs: (a) devise/rigorously test experimental hypotheses; (b) relate clinical research to the development of new modalities; (c) comply with ethical standards; (d) successfully conduct a clinical research project; and (e) select/apply the appropriate research method/statistical approach to a given research question. The most striking result, however, was that the CRTP was not successful in coordinating faculty mentor support for student research projects. When a mentorship was documented to exist outside of the program, almost all students were satisfied that their faculty mentoring relationship had successfully met their expectations. Approximately 78% of the student survey respondents noted a lack of satisfaction with the CLSC Program9s support to find a primary faculty mentor who met their research project needs and long-term career goals. Conclusions Overall, the CRTP students indicated the curriculum was successfully meeting their needs. Given that the program currently has over 78 dedicated graduate school faculty, representing a wide diversity of clinical and analytical disciplines, the survey finding that many students were missing a faculty mentorship relationship was unanticipated. Although other NIH funding options for “Mentoring a Mentor” programs exist, the program students recommended that NIH support K-30 programs incorporating this type of mentoring outreach as well as providing fiscal incentives to mentors in the future.
Intravasation During Hysterosalpingography Using Oil-Base Contrast Media

The use of oil-base contrast media for hysterosalpingography provides detailed imaging and the added information of a delayed film. Intravasation with possible embolization of oily media is often cited as a morbid complication. There are reports of significant morbidity associated with the use of high-viscosity oil media such as Lipiodol. Ethiodol has a significantly lower viscosity than Lipiodol. The incidence of intravasation can be reduced by proper timing of the study and avoidance of excessive pressures during instillation. With fluoroscopy, the early manifestations of intravasation can be detected, allowing the operator to limit the volume of embolized medium. We report 13 cases of intravasation (6 with embolizaton) with no morbidity during hysterosalpingography performed with Ethiodol. These data suggest that embolization of low-viscosity oil contrast media in low volumes is a relatively benign process. The text of this paper contains data on the clinical histories and courses of the 13 cases cited.
A amizade nas relações de ensino e aprendizagem

Este texto propoe ressignificar os vinculos comunicativos da amizade, revelada no entusiasmo que aproxima aprendizagens nas praticas interconectadas, para explorar como ela pode trazer sensibilidade e novas percepcoes ao processo de formacao humana. Tambem procura investigar quais as possibilidades e limites das relacoes de amizade na contemporaneidade, sustentada por fios invisiveis, mesmo a distância. A amizade constitui-se ao mesmo tempo num espaco politico, etico, estetico e social de diferentes formas de percepcao e e uma acao pedagogica de interlocucao e construcao de aprendizagens colaborativas e formativas. A amizade como possibilidade e risco, abertura e superacao das diferencas, liberdade para as possibilidades de questionamento, pensamento e transformacao reciproca, apresenta-se como mediadora dos processos educativos e do aprender constante. Ha certamente referencias efetivas da amizade que nutrem o conhecimento pela confianca baseada no respeito mutuo, dai a necessidade de pensar a educacao numa relacao processual e dialogica de amizade em tempos de mutabilidade e de redes interativas. E justamente a partir dos lacos e expressoes de amizade que seria criativo e desafiador insistir na abertura a alteridade, ao encontro e as possibilidades de transformacao humana para as mudancas das condicoes nas quais a vida se ve ameacada. Investigar como se configuram as relacoes de amizade na atualidade em suas diferencas e dialogos em redes de aprendizagem fortalece o debate sobre o sentido da relacao educador e educando, criando lacos de amizade e afetividade, contribuindo para uma educacao mais participativa, inacabada e de colaboracao formativa.
Classification And Retrieval Of Patient Records Using Natural Language: An Experimental Application Of Latent Semantic Analysis

Natural language is the dominant mode of information representation in clinical practice. The National Library of Medicine's Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) provides a structured lexicon, enabling the application of latent semantic analysis for the classification and retrieval of patient diagnoses. We constructed information matrices of complex number values from UMLS entries, to create principal components via singular value decomposition. Natural language diagnosis entries or inquires can be projected into the resultant Ndimension concept space, and evaluated by cosine deviation from the compressed concept components. Our preliminary evaluations show the technique to be promising. A major advantage is the avoidance of manually constructed semantic network data schemes; semantic properties derive from statistical decomposition.
Organoid Culture: Applications in Development and Cancer

The culture of primary human tissues ex vivo has historically been laden with challenges. Following the successful establishment of multiple different carcinoma cell lines, most notably HeLa cells, which helped support viral research in the 1940s and 1950s, the difficulty of propagating normal diploid cells was recognized by multiple investigators. Despite using similar 2-dimensional (2D) culture techniques that have stood the test of time—adherent culture on petri dishes using Eagle’s Medium with balanced salt solutions, 10 % calf serum, and penicillin/streptomycin - Hayflick and Moorhead perhaps best defined the limits of studying normal human tissue in a dish in 1961. Upon mincing fetal tissue they could derive multiple human diploid fibroblast cultures, but invariably the number of subcultivations was limited below 60 passages, for which they coined the term cellular “senescence,” also commonly known as the “Hayflick Limit.”
Improving Nutrition by Increasing Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Benefits

The diets of Americans fall far short of recommended dietary guidelines, and those who live in low-income households have even poorer diets than higher-income households. Many low-income Americans rely on the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). The program's dual goals are to improve food security and nutrition. Among the possible strategies to address dietary shortfalls among low-income Americans is to increase the SNAP benefit. This article uses data from the random assignment evaluation of the Summer Electronic Benefit Transfer for Children demonstration to add new insights on the impact of SNAP on diet quality for households receiving SNAP who also received SNAP-like benefits through Summer Electronic Benefit Transfer for Children. Households received $60 each month per eligible school-aged child. The objective of the evaluation was to see if Summer Electronic Benefit Transfer for Children improved children's food security and nutrition. The evaluation surveyed these households to collect information about food expenditures, food security, and children's diets. For households receiving SNAP in sites that used the SNAP Electronic Benefit Transfer delivery system, the analysis showed increases in food expenditures and decreases in levels of food insecurity. The analysis also indicates improvements in dietary quality among school-aged children, but the impacts were modest.
Laser remote sensing in atmospheric sciences, aviation safety, aeronautical research, and experiments from space platforms and high-flying aircraft

Traditionally, the term laser remote sensing has been associated with active, optical measurements of the Earth’s atmosphere, lands, and oceans. In this paper, we concentrate our overview of laser remote sensing upon the Earth’s atmosphere in three disciplines: Atmospheric sciences, aviation safety, and aeronautical research. In atmospheric sciences, laser remote sensing has played a prominent role in the measurement of clouds, aerosols, the planetary boundary layer, chemical species, metals and ions, and in atmospheric dynamics in the temporal tracking of physical parameters and the direct measurement of atmospheric winds. Quite recently, laser remote sensing has been especially effective in correlative studies from ground and airborne platforms related to scientific studies in the eruption of Mount Pinatubo, and in following the dispersion of associated aerosols in the atmosphere, both in latitude and longitude. Laser remote sensing has also been very effective in studies related to the formation of the ozone hole, in the antarctic and arctic regions. Range-resolved measurements of atmospheric ozone have been made which track “in real time” the formation of the ozone hole and its subsequent dissipation. Laser measurements of the depolarization ratio of backscattering from particulates in the region of the ozone hole where Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC’s) form have provided unique information on the physics of the PSC’s and on the dynamics of the formation of the ozone hole phenomena. It is quite clear that laser remote sensing has proven to be an invaluable measurement technique for these types of chemistry investigations. The range-resolved measurement of atmospheric water vapor, correlated to the height of the planetary boundary layer and the distribution of aerosols over land and oceans, has also been demonstrated quite recently to be a unique measurement provided by laser remote sensing from aircraft. When this technique is developed from high flying aircraft and/or satellites, a major measurement technique will be available for the study of the hydrological cycle, globally. Soon, we should be seeing range-resolved measurements of atmospheric water vapor (50 meters) from a high-flying aircraft, with an accuracy better than 10 percent, as a routine measurement in atmospheric sciences. The historical evolution of laser remote sensing from the initial ground-based measurements of atmospheric aerosols in the early 1960’s to the sophisticated measurements from aircraft of today represent a unique evolution of technology in lasers and electrooptics, coupled to persistent attention to sound engineering development of a unique technique. For this paper, I have asked Dr. William B. Grant, a pioneer in laser remote sensing of the atmosphere, to provide this section entitled “Laser Remote Sensing in Atmospheric Sciences.“
An Interactive Tutorial for Learning to Manipulate References: (Abstract Only)

Understanding basic manipulation of object references is a conceptual prerequisite to understanding many data structures, beginning with linked lists and trees. Unfortunately, there is often a gap between introductory programming courses that introduce reference variables and creation of objects, and second-semester programming courses that immediately skip to introducing linked lists. As a consequence, students begin using references extensively during Data Structures and Algorithms courses without enough knowledge about how references work. To fill this gap, we created a tutorial about basic use of references and the manipulation of objects using references. The tutorial, implemented as part of the OpenDSA eTextbook system, focuses on learning through visualizations and interactive exercises. Students work a series of small code-writing exercises, inspired by the JhavePOP system. These exercises use simple program visualization to let students see the result of running their program. Manipulative exercises test student proficiency at reading and understanding small sections of code that use references to link objects. All exercises are automatically assessed, providing immediate feedback. Our evaluation of the tutorial's effectiveness will focus on identifying and correcting student misconceptions. Optional sections of the tutorial introduce the program stack and the dynamic memory heap.
Catholic School Counseling: From Guidance to Pastoral Care

Those ministering to youth increasingly find themselves having to address numerous issues and complexities, which extend beyond the scope of the school setting. Catholic school students are not immune to these issues, and to address the needs of their students, Catholic school counselors must embrace aspects of the social sciences that affirm and elevate the message of the Gospel. The intent of this article is to present a Christian perspective of guidance counseling and to highlight those orientations and therapies that uphold Christian values.
Prevalence of Childhood Sexual Abuse and Related Sequelae in a Lesbian Population

Purpose: This paper reports on the prevalence of a history of childhood sexual abuse from a national community-based sample of 1633 adult lesbians. Design: The descriptive analysis includes a comparison of mental and physical health variables commonly reported in adult survivors of childhood abuse in two subsamples, one who reported a history of childhood sexual abuse and one who did not. Results: The prevalence of a history of childhood abuse in this sample was higher than some other samples of women. Conclusions: The survivor group reported significantly greater emotional and physical distress and symptoms, and was more likely to have a family history of drug or alcohol abuse.
THE STEP FROM ONE TO HIGHER DIMENSIONAL SIGNAL PROCESSING - CASE HISTORIES

Multidimensional signal processing is a relatively recent development and much of the research in this area has grown out of multidimensional filtering theory within the last ten years. It is our purpose in this paper to trace the developments of this theory from a framework of different but related problems which form our “case histories”. We shall consider the origin and importance of the problems and the difficulties and successes or partial successes which have been achieved in their solution. The specific case histories which we wish to examine are the following I The Multidimensional Recursive Filter Stability Problem II The Least Squares Inverse Problem III Realization of Filters IV Spectral Estimation We shall end with a discussion of the unique properties of the three-dimensional wave equation.
Achromatic Subwavelength Grating Lens for Linear Polarized Incidence

Chromatic behavior is an important drawback for emerging planar subwavelength micro lens. In this work, a subwavelength grating lens is designed under linearly polarized incidence with achromatic behavior across the whole visible wavelength. This work also represents the design, fabrication and characterization of ultra-small micro grating lens (7 microns in size) promising for compact integrated nanophotonic devices on chip.
JOINT CHANCE CONSTRAINTS REDUCTION THROUGH LEARNING IN ACTIVE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS

Due to an increase in distributed generation and controllable loads, distribution networks are frequently operating under high levels of uncertainty. Joint chance constraints, which seek to satisfy multiple constraints simultaneously with a prescribed probability, are one way to incorporate uncertainty across sets of constraints for optimization and control of these networks. Due to the complexity of evaluating these constraints directly, sampling approaches or approximations can be used to transform the joint chance constraint into deterministic constraints. However, sampling techniques may be extremely computationally expensive and not suitable for physical networks operating on fast timescales, and conservative approximations may needlessly result in a much higher cost of system operation. The proposed framework aims to provide a scalable, data-driven approach which learns operational trends in a power network, eliminates zero-probability events (e.g., inactive constraints), and uses this additional information to accurately and efficiently approximate the joint chance constraint directly.
Deep learning to detect catheter tips in vivo during photoacoustic-guided catheter interventions : Invited Presentation

Catheter guidance is typically performed with fluoroscopy, which requires patient and operator exposure to ionizing radiation. Our group is exploring robotic photoacoustic imaging as an alternative to fluoroscopy to track catheter tips. However, the catheter tip segmentation step in the photoacoustic-based robotic visual servoing algorithm is limited by the presence of confusing photoacoustic artifacts. We previously demonstrated that a deep neural network is capable of detecting photoacoustic sources in the presence of artifacts in simulated, phantom, and in vivo data. This paper directly compares the in vivo results obtained with linear and phased ultrasound receiver arrays. Two convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were trained to detect point sources in simulated photoacoustic channel data and tested with in vivo images from a swine catheterization procedure. The CNN trained with a linear array receiver model correctly classified 88.8% of sources, and the CNN trained with a phased array receiver model correctly classified 91.4% of sources. These results demonstrate that a deep learning approach to photoacoustic image formation is capable of detecting catheter tips during interventional procedures. Therefore, the proposed approach is a promising replacement to the segmentation step in photoacoustic-based robotic visual servoing algorithms.
We Should Study Relational Trajectories, but We Should Think through the Metatheoretical Framework More Broadly

Research on initial attraction and on the nature and functioning of close relationships is flourishing. Yet Eastwick, Finkel, and Simpson (this issue) correctly point to a current dearth of finding...
The Impact of Potential Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement Renegotiation on the Korean Rice Market and Trade

Korea replaced its rice import quota with a tariff rate quota (TRQ) in 2015. A structural model representing the Korean rice market is developed to evaluate this new trade policy and examine the possibility of Korean rice imports under uncertainty. Results indicate that rice imports in excess of the current TRQ quantity are unlikely for a range of market conditions. Two scenarios, which are the over-quota tariff rate reduction and the TRQ quantity expansion, show how the market responds to policy changes. In addition, Korean rice imports are sensitive to consumer preferences for different rice types.