cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Marauder's Map for the IoT Edge

In the Harry Potter novels, the magical map known as the Marauder's Map tracks the whereabouts of people in and around Hogwarts Castle, displaying their names, locations, and paths of marauding. What if such a map were realizable in the real world, customized to provide a window into any space within which you might wander? What if it was augmented to show in real-time any co-located devices and data that might be flowing through the space, since the number of connected sensors and devices (that make up the Internet of Things or IoT) has far surpassed the number of people on Earth and the amount of data these devices generate for measurement and monitoring is staggering? In this paper, we explore the usage of these newfound capabilities, discuss their implications for privacy, assess the maturity of existing IoT technologies to meet these challenges, identify open research topics that merit consideration, and posit philosophical questions to be answered on route to bringing the Marauder's Map to life.
Formation of Human Neuroblastoma in Mouse-Human Neural Crest Chimeras

Summary Neuroblastoma (NB), derived from the neural crest (NC), is the most common pediatric extracranial solid tumor. Here, we establish a platform that allows the study of human NBs in mouse-human NC chimeras. Chimeric mice were produced by injecting human NC cells carrying NB relevant oncogenes in utero into gastrulating mouse embryos. The mice developed tumors composed of a heterogenous cell population that resembled that seen in primary NBs of patients but were significantly different from homogeneous tumors formed in xenotransplantation models. The human tumors emerged in immunocompetent hosts and were extensively infiltrated by mouse cytotoxic T cells, reflecting a vigorous host anti-tumor immune response. However, the tumors blunted the immune response by inducing infiltration of regulatory T cells and expression of immune-suppressive molecules similar to escape mechanisms seen in human cancer patients. Thus, this experimental platform allows the study of human tumor initiation, progression, manifestation, and tumor-immune-system interactions in an animal model system.
Do Cross-Sectional Predictors Contain Systematic Information?

Firm-level variables that predict cross-sectional stock returns, such as price-to-earnings and short interest, are often averaged and used to predict market returns. Using various samples of cross-sectional predictors and accounting for the number of predictors and their interdependence, we find only weak evidence that cross-sectional predictors make good time-series predictors, especially out-of-sample. The results suggest that cross-sectional predictors do not generally contain systematic information.
10.15 – Asteroids and Comets

Asteroids and comets are remnants from the era of solar system formation over 4.5 billion years ago and therefore allow us to address two fundamental questions in astronomy: what was the nature of our protoplanetary disk, and how did the process of planetary accretion occur? The objects we see today have suffered many geophysically relevant processes in the intervening eons that have altered their surfaces, interiors, and compositions. In this chapter, we review our understanding of the origins and evolution of these bodies, discuss the wealth of science returned from spacecraft missions, and motivate important questions to be addressed in the future.
The Battle for Endor: Ewok Television Films as Transmedia Brand Extension

This chapter explores the narrative contributions of the two Ewok television series that aired in November 1984 and November 1985. Extending the Star Wars brand and narrative space into television had long been a goal of George Lucas, and his proposed 30-minute television special for children was instead programmed into a two-hour primetime movie of the week for ABC. The broadcast (and overseas theatrical release) were well-received and an additional film was produced for the following year. The contrast between the Lucasfilm of 2020 and the Lucasfilm of 1984 displays a starkly different relationship between creativity and industry cultures, resulting in different kinds of transmedia strategies, but also how the culture produced performed culturally, particularly in terms of racial and gender representation.
Multi-Specialty Care for Second-Degree Pressure Cooker Explosion Burn Injuries.

# CONTEXT Although pressure cookers are very common kitchen utensils used in the United States, only a few cases of serious injuries secondary to pressure cooker explosions have been reported in the medical literature. When second-degree (i.e., “partial-thickness”) burns result from pressure cooker explosions, wounds involving near to or greater than 10% of total body surface area typically require multidisciplinary treatment, with burn center referral for proper wound care, potential fluid resuscitation, and eventual scar management. # EXAMPLE CASE The example patient described in this report was an African American female in her early 30s who presented during the summer of 2020 after suffering varying levels of second-degree burns to her bilateral upper torso and left wrist (i.e., approximately 10%, total body surface area). The authors first saw the patient during a primary care office visit a week after her initial injury when she first went to a local urgent care clinic. Upon her arrival to the second author’s family medicine clinic, a multi-specialty wound recovery plan was initiated since her first urgent care visit treatment had been minimal without prophylactic antibiotic therapy or placement of a burn center referral. # CONCLUSIONS Partial and full-thickness burn injuries generally warrant immediate clinical (i.e., body surface area burn assessment, fluid resuscitation, empiric antibiotics) as well as ongoing (burn center referral, debridement procedures, active scar management, provision of psychological support) treatment needs. This paper discusses the critical opportunities posed for more extensive burn patients’ physicians to first categorize the extent of burn wounds and initiate subsequent specialty care in other settings.
Criminal Justice and the Challenge of Family Ties

This article asks two basic questions: when does, and when should, the state use the criminal justice apparatus to accommodate family ties, responsibilities, and interests? We address these questions by first revealing a variety of laws that together form a string of “family ties benefits” pervading the criminal justice system. Notwithstanding our recognition of the important role family plays in securing the conditions for human flourishing, we then explain the basis for erecting a “Spartan” presumption against these family ties benefits within a criminal justice system. We delineate the scope and rationale for the presumption and under what circumstances it might be overcome. When the presumption is overcome, we urge distributing the benefit on terms that are neutral to family status, and instead focus on functions served by established relationships of care-giving responsibility.
Automatic Surrogate Model Generation and Debugging of Analog/Mixed-Signal Designs Via Collaborative Stimulus Generation and Machine Learning

In top-down analog and mixed-signal design, a key problem is to ensure that the netlist or physical design does not contain unanticipated behaviors. Mismatches between netlist level circuit descriptions and high level behavioral models need to be captured at all stages of the design process for accuracy of system level simulation as well as fast convergence of the design. To support the above, we present a guided test generation algorithm that explores the input stimulus space and generates new stimuli which are likely to excite differences between the model and its netlist description. Subsequently, a recurrent neural network (RNN) based learning model is used to learn divergent model and netlist behaviors and absorb them into the model to minimize these differences. The process is repeated iteratively and in each iteration, a Bayesian optimization algorithm is used to find optimal RNN hyperparameters to maximize behavior learning. The result is a circuit-accurate behavioral model that is also much faster to simulate than a circuit simulator. In addition, another sub-goal is to perform design bug diagnosis to track the source of observed behavioral anomalies down to individual modules or small levels of circuit detail. An optimization-based diagnosis approach using Volterra learning kernels that is easily integrated into circuit simulators is proposed. Results on representative circuits are presented.
Capacity Expansion in Cybersecurity: Challenges and Prospects

We focus on the challenges and prospects for cybersecurity capacity expansion via faculty training. We discuss preliminary results from our efforts in this direction in a recent NSF-funded capacity expansion project. We wrap up with some questions
SolicitudeSavvy: An IoT-based Edge Intelligent Framework for Monitoring Anxiety in Real-time

Anxiety disorders affect more than 18 percent of the population and is the most common mental illnesses in the US. There is a great demand to address this emerging epidemic with tools to differentiate and diagnose such disorders, and to create awareness especially in places like NorthEast Texas which is home to 1.5 million people with 58 percent of them living in rural areas. The goal of the proposed device is to diagnose as many anxiety disorders as possible, in real-time using the diagnosing wearable framework, SolicitudeSavvy, which uses technology such as the Internet of Things (IoT), a network of interconnected devices, to accomplish such a task. The proposed IoT-based device has two components: a custom-built wearable necklace that contains sensors to collect data about the user as they go about their day and a low-cost portable system that monitors Electrooculography (EoG) signal using a camera. The partial necklace attaches to the shirt and opens halfway around the wearer's neck and the EoG can be attached to any eyewear. The device monitors the user throughout the day, and even as they go to bed at night. This information is accumulated in the IoT cloud and analyzed to see exactly what type of disorder(s) the patient may suffer from. The authorized personnel i.e. doctor or therapist, can use this pattern to find a treatment that best suits them and is most likely to resolve their affliction.
Enteric pathogens induce tissue tolerance and prevent neuronal loss from subsequent infections

Summary The enteric nervous system (ENS) controls several intestinal functions including motility and nutrient handling, which can be disrupted by infection-induced neuropathies or neuronal cell death. We investigated possible tolerance mechanisms preventing neuronal loss and disruption in gut motility after pathogen exposure. We found that following enteric infections, muscularis macrophages (MMs) acquire a tissue-protective phenotype that prevents neuronal loss, dysmotility, and maintains energy balance during subsequent challenge with unrelated pathogens. Bacteria-induced neuroprotection relied on activation of gut-projecting sympathetic neurons and signaling via β2-adrenergic receptors (β2AR) on MMs. In contrast, helminth-mediated neuroprotection was dependent on T cells and systemic production of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 by eosinophils, which induced arginase-expressing MMs that prevented neuronal loss from an unrelated infection located in a different intestinal region. Collectively, these data suggest that distinct enteric pathogens trigger a state of disease or tissue tolerance that preserves ENS number and functionality.
Exercise in Pregnancy and Postpartum

Regular physical activity has numerous documented health benefits for the general population. Improved metabolic, physiologic, psychological, and cognitive health is evidenced by decreased morbidity and mortality in those who maintain an active lifestyle. While it may seem intuitive that exercise would promote similar benefits among pregnant and postpartum women, applicable research and recommendations have historically lagged behind those targeted to the general adult population. Recent advances in perinatal research have begun to demonstrate similar beneficial effects for both the mother and offspring in relation to pregnancy outcomes, chronic disease risk, and general physical and psychological well-being. Federal and American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology guidelines now recommend regular physical activity/exercise for pregnant and postpartum women given the many health benefits, and absence of risks, from exercise in these women. However, many women do not meet these physical activity guidelines. Knowledge dissemination of the importance of regular physical activity in these populations is crucial to promote the health benefits for both mother and offspring. Future research is needed to help solidify the physical activity parameters most effective for optimization of prenatal, postpartum, and offspring health outcomes.
Multiline TRL revealed

We reveal the techniques underlying actual implementation of the NIST MultiCal software, an evolved, automated implementation of the Multiline TRL (Thru-Reflect-Line) calibration method for vector network analyzers (VNAs). We describe the sequence of events in MultiCal for the Multiline TRL calibration and show how the program operates more like a state-machine than a solver of simultaneous equations. Our report details the steps used in estimating the transmission-line propagation-constant and the VNA correction coefficients.
Response: Social Problems as Lived Experience: A Response to Educational Theory as a Form of Symbolic Action

Haithe Anderson’s engaging and intellectually challenging essay ends with an unusual confession about its own ultimate coherence: “the terms of critique I offered could also be applied to my own work — that is, it can be said that I have constructed a theoretical problem out of a melodramatic example.” This observation is only partially true since the primary problem Anderson identifies — that is, the unjustified characterization of particular individuals based on their inclusion within questionable taxonomies — is more than a constructed theoretical problem based on a melodramatic example. Rather, this problematic research practice represents a serious moral injustice that may impact deleteriously on the lived experience of individuals routinely objectified in this fashion.
Gödel's Dialectica Interpretation and Its Two-Way Stretch

In 1958, Godel published in the journal Dialectica an interpretation of intuitionistic number theory in a quantifier-free theory of functionals of finite type; this subsequently came to be known as Godel’s functional or Dialectica interpretation. The article itself was written in German for an issue of that journal in honor of Paul Bernays’ 70 birthday. In 1965, Bernays told Godel of a plan to publish an English translation by Leo F. Boron of his 1958 paper, again in Dialectica. However, Godel was dissatisfied with certain aspects of the original, and set out to revise the translation. A year after doing so to his apparent satisfaction, Godel changed his mind and decided instead to add a new series of extensive footnotes by way of improvement and amplification. The result was sent to the printer in 1970 after much help and encouragement by Bernays and Dana Scott, but when the proof sheets were returned,
Phenomenology of Not-so-heavy Neutral Leptons : The NuTeV Anomaly, Lepton Universality, and Non-Universal Neutrino-Gauge Couplings

The Standard Model (SM) predictions of these parameters based on a global fit to non-NuTeV data, cited as [g L]SM = 0.3042 and [g 2 R]SM = 0.0301 in Ref. [1], differ from the NuTeV result by 3σ in g L. The NuTeV value for g L in Eq. (1) is smaller than its SM prediction, reflecting the fact that the ratios Rν = σ(νμN → νμX)/σ(νμN → μ X) and Rν = σ(νμN → νμX)/σ(νμN → μ X) were smaller than expected by the SM. Thus, possible new physics explanations of the NuTeV anomaly would be those that suppress the neutral current cross sections over the charged current cross sections, or enhance the charged current cross sections over the neutral current cross sections. To this end, two classes of models have been devised. Models of the first class suppress Rν and Rν through new neutrino-quark interactions, mediated by leptoquarks or extra U(1) gauge bosons (Z ’s), which interfere either destructively with the Z-exchange amplitude, or constructively with the W -exchange amplitude [2]. To maintain agreement between the SM and non-NuTeV data, the new interactions must selectively interfere with the νμN (νμN) scattering process, but little else. This severely restricts the types of interactions that may be introduced. Models of the second class suppress the Zνν coupling by mixing the neutrino with heavy gauge singlet states (neutrissimos, i.e. right-handed neutrinos) [3, 4, 5]. For instance, if the SU(2)L active ν is a linear combination of two mass eigenstates with mixing angle θ,
A novel time reversal method for target detection in cluttered media

A cluttered environment with highly scattering objects significantly enhances the difficulty for detecting targets using electromagnetic waves. Time reversal methods have been developed in acoustic wave propagation. It has been shown that the super resolution focusing effect in acoustic wave propagation can also be achieved electromagnetic wave propagation. We present a novel time reversal method that nullifies the scattering objects to allow automatic focusing of the propagated electromagnetic wave on a target that is to be detected. Numerical simulations using the FDTD method have been carried out. The results show that the method significantly enhances the dynamic range of target detection in a highly scattering environment and could substantially increase target detectability.
Behaviorally Specific Report Cards and Self-Determined Reinforcements A Multiple-Baseline Analysis of Inmate Offenses

This study examined the efficacy of a positive correctional treatment strategy in the modification of institutional offenses among four convicted male felons. Intervention (consisting of behavioral...
Boundary Layer Structure and Dynamics in Outer Hurricane Rainbands. Part II: Downdraft Modification and Mixed Layer Recovery

Abstract Recent aircraft boundary layer measurements in the vicinity of principal hurricane rainbands have confirmed that convective downdrafts are capable of transporting cool, dry, low equivalent potential temperature (θE) air to the surface, where the mixed layer is eliminated. The incorporation of this air into convection near the core of the storm may weaken the storm, depending upon the scale of the disturbance and the processes governing the recovery of the air while it is flowing toward the eyewall. This paper examines the thermodynamic characteristics of the boundary layer in outer convective hurricane rainbands, providing evidence for downdraft modification mechanisms and determining the extent to which disturbed boundary-layer air may be restored on its trajectory to the storm.
Water Resources Management and the Environment

The importance of water and water resources management in today's society cannot be overstated. Simply put, water is the crux of a host of societal, political, health-related, and scientific concerns.The human population depends on the availability of clean water for activities such as direct consumption, and on water in quantity for agriculture, power production, navigation, and industrial processes, to name a few.
Strain differences in the response of normal murine spleen cells to interleukin-2 (IL-2).

Susceptibility of normal spleen cells from various murine strains to IL-2 was assessed. The strains could be classified as highly susceptible (C57BL/6Kh, B6.PL(74NS), AKR.B6, and AKR.M) and moderately susceptible (C3H.B10 and C3H.A). These differences were demonstrable when cells were grown in the presence of relatively high concentrations of crude or highly purified IL-2 preparations, but were undetectable in low concentrations. The susceptibility appears to be genetically determined by multiple dominant or codominent genes that most likely control quentitative and/or qualitative differences in the composition of T-cell population residing in the normal spleen. From a practical point of view, the results Suggest a need for testing experimental mice for their susceptibility to IL-2 prior to designing specific experiments.
Coronary vascular mechanisms involved in decompensation from hypertrophy to heart failure

One potential mechanism for the eventual failure of the hypertrophied ventricle to maintain compensation may involve impaired coronary reserve. Reduced coronary reserve is one of the hallmarks of ventricular hypertrophy. Although this reduced coronary reserve may not affect baseline left ventricular function, it could be of greater importance during periods of stress, such as occur during exercise, where increased metabolic demands induced by the stress may not be fully met by an increase in coronary blood flow. The impaired subendocardial coronary reserve is caused not only by the hypertrophy but also by the hemodynamic changes (for example, the left ventricular subendocardial wall stress that increases markedly on exercise). In the severely hypertrophied heart, there are impaired subendocardial wall function and reduced subendocardial coronary perfusion in response to exercise. It is hypothesized that these episodes occur frequently under normal activity (for example, in response to exercise, excitement, eating) and that they become severe enough to induce myocyte necrosis and replacement fibrosis. This in turn will impair left ventricular systolic function. Furthermore, myocardial ischemia and left ventricular fibrosis as well as the altered loading conditions result in impaired diastolic function, which in turn diminishes systolic function. All of these mechanisms working in concert act to further impair systolic function and accelerate the progression of compensated left ventricular hypertrophy to failure.
How much do local factors matter for predicting transient ecosystem dynamics? Suggestions from permafrost formation in boreal peatlands

Summary With rapid climate warming, ecosystems will probably exhibit complex dynamics because local factors and life history attributes of species mediate the effects of regional climate change. To assess the relative importance of local vs. regional processes on permafrost formation in boreal peatlands, I sampled for permafrost and factors affecting its formation in 38 collapse scars across a 4 °C mean annual temperature (MAT) gradient in the discontinuous permafrost zone of northern Manitoba, Canada. Three complimentary approaches were used to model factors important to permafrost formation at both local and regional scales. In the first analysis, a mechanistic, spatial model of permafrost formation was developed as a function of Picea mariana size and proximity. In the second approach, permafrost formation was modelled as a function of two local factors, diameter of Picea mariana trees and emergent organic matter depth, and the regional factor, mean annual temperature (MAT). Finally, published aerial photography data were used to determine whether the proportion of bogs with permafrost changes across a MAT gradient. Results show that permafrost formation in boreal permafrost peatlands is best described as a locally driven process within regional climatic constraints. At local scales of 1–2 meters, the spatial and size distributions of trees controlled the spatial distribution of permafrost. At regional scales, tree size was a significantly better predictor than emergent organic matter or MAT. These results suggest that transient models of discontinuous permafrost based only on climate may poorly predict changes in vegetation and permafrost.
Examinations on the duration of the period of lactation and its dependence on the age of the mother and other factors.

SUMMARY In order to ascertain the significance of the civil status and age of mother as well as the sex, birth number and birth weight of the child, for her lactation ability the author has made examinations on a material of 4 084 infants at the Stockholm Child Welfare Centres as to what degree the duration of the period of lactation varies with the factors mentioned. Consideration has herewith been taken, on the one hand to the period during which the mother has given the breast only (b) and on the other hand to the period during which she has given the breast at all (b + m). The results are as follows. As was to be expected, the unmarried mothers has, in spite of supervision, a shorter b and b + m than the married mothers, which must in the first place be ascribed to the circumstance that the unmarried mothers to a greater extent, have employment away from home. The sex of the child could not be proved to have any noteworthy influence either on b or b + m. The same applies to birth weight although in this case the weight class under 2 500 gr probably occupies an exceptional position. It has formerly been pointed out in literature that the older mothers give their children the breast for a longer period than the younger mothers. A closer analysis of the causes appears not to have been undertaken. The reason for this must partly be that the older mothers are to a greater extent pluripara; as unipara have a shorter b and b + m than pluripara independent of the age of the mother and the weight of the child at birth. But this is not the only cause, as the difference also appears in unipara at least as regards b + m. When it is a question of b only there rules however the reverse condition, here the younger mothers have a longer suckling time throughout. Therefore another cause of the longer total lactation period (b + m) in the older mothers might be sought in the circumstance that the older mothers compensate for their inferior ability to give the breast only by protracting the period of mixed feeding. The view finds support in the correlation calculations made with reference to b and m within the material. The differences in these respects, between the older and the younger mothers in the material are small all round, and smaller than was to be expected by reason of the information given in literature; this surely stands in connection with the fact that the feeding within the material here described is controlled. Since the mortality among the infants of Stockholm that are not controlled at the Child Welfare Centres appears to be at least twice as great as the mortality among the children of corresponding age that are controlled at the Child Welfare Centres evidence is given of the importance of tracing and supervising the uncontrolled children.
Dynamic observations of dislocation generation at grain boundaries in ice

Dynamic in situ X-ray topographic deformation studies have been performed on polycrystalline ice. Based on these observations, a new and dominant mechanism for dislocation nucleation, which is related to stress concentrations observed in the vicinity of grain boundaries, is proposed. It was found that the areas near grain boundaries always deform before the grain interiors. Lattice dislocations were nucleated continuously at large-angle grain boundaries, driven by internal stresses that are higher than the external stress. The dislocations, once generated, glide on the basal plane as semi-hexagonal loops. The shape of these loops is a result of a balance of the stresses present. The dislocation generation mechanism at grain boundaries was found to depend strongly on the basal plane orientation relative to both the loading direction and the grain boundary plane.
Smoking cigarettes as a coping strategy for chronic pain is associated with greater pain intensity and poorer pain-related function

Abstract Smoking cigarettes is prevalent among individuals with chronic pain. Some studies indicate nicotine reduces pain and others suggest it may cause or exacerbate pain. Participants in this cross-sectional study were 151 chronic pain patients from a large, urban VA medical center. Patients were divided into 3 groups: 1) nonsmokers; 2) smokers who deny using cigarettes to cope with pain; and 3) smokers who report using cigarettes to cope with pain. Patients who reported smoking as a coping strategy for chronic pain scored significantly worse compared with the other 2 groups on the majority of measures of pain-related outcome. Nonsmokers and smokers who denied smoking to cope did not differ on any variable examined. After controlling for the effects of demographic and clinical factors, smoking cigarettes as a coping strategy for pain was significantly and positively associated with pain intensity ( P = .04), pain interference ( P = .005), and fear of pain ( P = .04). In addition to assessing general smoking status, a more specific assessment of the chronic pain patient's reasons for smoking may be an important consideration as part of interdisciplinary pain treatment. Perspective This paper describes the relationship between smoking cigarettes as a mechanism to cope with chronic pain and pain-related outcome. Understanding this relationship may illuminate the broader relationship between smoking and chronic pain and provide new directions for effective interdisciplinary pain treatment.
Effect of contraceptive pills on sexual activity in the luteal phase of the human menstrual cycle

The results of a double-blind placebo study reveal changes of sexual behavior of 51 women followed over three menstrual cycles. Differences in sexual activity during the luteal phase of the cycle (days 18 to 25) were noted. Sexual activity increased for women on contraceptive pills but not on placebo. After examination of the data, hypotheses were rejected that the difference was due to contraceptive pills directly affecting the woman's feeling state or overall activity level. The data are consistent, however, with the following: The presence of endogenous progesterone during natural cycles affects the male so that he does not desire coitus as frequently during the luteal phase. The absence of endogenous progesterone during pill cycles removes whatever restraint progesterone has on coitus. No other interpretation is consistent with the data derived from this study. The influence on the human male may operate via a pheromone as is the case with male rhesus monkeys.
Formation of Synthesis Gas from Propane Oxidation over Pt-on-Ceria: Effect of Ceria Surface Area, Reaction Temperature, and Oxygen/Fuel Ratio

The formation of synthesis gas from propane oxidation has been investigated on 1.0% Pt/CeO2 catalysts in a fixed-bed flow reactor over a temperature range of 200−800 °C at atmospheric pressure using ∼90% inert. Three kinds of ceria, with different surface areas, have been used as the catalytic support for this reaction. The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO), H2 chemisorption, and BET surface area. For the catalysts with the highest surface area, a large decrease in BET surface area has been observed after calcinations at high temperature. The oxidation of propane occurs with two sets of products. At low temperatures (T ≤ 500 °C), propane oxidizes exclusively into CO2 and H2O with little H2. Above 500 °C, O2 is completely consumed, and the selectivities of CO and H2 increase steadily with increase in temperature. In the region 500−700 °C, high-surface-area catalysts show higher activity and selectivity ...
Narratives of the Global Recession in Bollywood

In this essay, I focus on some of the many arguments put forth by journalists, bloggers, actors, directors, producers, and industry analysts to explain the impact of the global recession on Indian ...
Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy

Retinal photoreceptor dysfunction is an uncommon and often unrecognized cause of acute visual loss. Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) has been reported to cause cone and rod dysfunction. Patients with AZOOR may present with normal visual acuity, normal fluorescein angiography, and a normal fundus examination despite severe loss of visual field. A healthy young white female presented with acute, unilateral loss of visual field and an afferent pupillary defect, but normal visual acuity, color vision, fundus examination, and fluorescein angiogram. A pattern visual evoked potential was normal, but an electroretinogram showed a unilateral peripheral photoreceptor dysfunction consistent with the diagnosis of AZOOR. Ophthalmologists should be aware of the diagnosis of AZOOR and should consider an ERG in the evaluation of any patient with unexplained visual field loss even in the presence of normal visual acuity, color vision, fluorescein angiography, or retinal examination.
Measurement as a tool for thought: The role of measuring procedures in children's understanding of quantitative invariance.

Deux experiences etudient les relations entre les procedures de mesure (comptage, alignement) et le raisonnement d'enfants d'âge prescolaire et scolaire sur la quantite
The Chronic Ingestion of Diets Containing Different Proteins Produces Marked Variations in Brain Tryptophan Levels and Serotonin Synthesis in the Rat

Serotonin (5HT) synthesis in brain is influenced by precursor (tryptophan (TRP)) concentrations, which are modified by food ingestion. Hence, in rats, a carbohydrate meal raises brain TRP and 5HT; a protein-containing meal does not, but little attention has focused on differences among dietary proteins. Recently, single meals containing different proteins have been shown to produce marked changes in TRP and 5HT. The present studies evaluate if such differences persist when rats ingest such diets chronically. Male rats were studied that ingested diets for 9 days containing zein, wheat gluten, soy protein, casein, or α-lactalbumin (17% dry weight). Brain TRP varied up to eightfold, and 5HT synthesis fivefold among the different protein groups. TYR and LEU concentrations, and catecholamine synthesis rate in brain varied much less. The effects of dietary protein on brain TRP and 5HT previously noted after single meals thus continue undiminished when such diets are consumed chronically.
POLYPHYLETIC ORIGIN OF PARALLEL BASAL BODIES IN SWIMMING CELLS OF CHLOROPHYCEAN GREEN ALGAE (CHLOROPHYTA)1

The evolutionary affinities of Heterochlamydomonas Cox and Deason and Dictyochloris Vischer ex Sterr were investigated using phylogenetic analyses of a combined data set of 18S and 28S rDNA sequences with those from 38 additional green algae. Previous ultrastructural studies have shown that motile cells of Heterochlamydomonas and Duictyochloris have an unusual flagellar apparatus organization in that the two flagella are of unequal length and the basal bodies are persistently parallel. Because of this similarity these taxa, along with Bracteacoccus Tereg, a third taxon with this same flagellar apparatus arrangement, are hypothesized to be closely related. We show, with maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses, that the parallel basal bodies are not homologous in the three genera. Rather, Heterochlamydomonas is most closely related to Chlamydomonas baca in the clockwise flagellar apparatus clade, and Dictyochloris and Bracteacooccus are nested within the Sphaeropleales, which has the directly opposite flagellar absolute orientation. Surprisingly, Dictyochloris and Bracteacoccus are not supported as closest relatives. These relationships are supported by morphological features such as the presence or absence of a walled motile cell but not by the orientation of the basal bodies. In addition, our data are derived from multiple isolates of each study genera, and the analyses show that Heterochlamydomonas and Dictyochloris are each monophyletic.
AN INEQUALITY BY GIANAZZA, SAVARÉ AND TOSCANI AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO THE VISCOUS QUANTUM EULER MODEL

In this paper we present a simplified version of a coercivity inequality due to Gianazza, Savare, and Toscani [The Wasserstein gradient flow of the Fisher information and the quantum drift-diffusion equation, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal.194 (2009) 133–220]. Then we use the inequality to construct a weak solution to the initial-boundary value problem for the viscous quantum Euler model.
Socio-technical challenges in the development of digital multimedia broadcasting: A survey of Korean mobile television development

Abstract This paper examines the prospectus of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting from the technical, economic and regulatory issues. This paper attempts to gain a better understanding of how DMB will evolve and stabilize in next generation network environments. Two research questions guide this study: (1) How does DMB trigger a change in policy, market and industry structure? (2) What are the driving forces of the rapid DMB development in Korea? As these questions involve socio-technical issues, this study uses a socio-technical perspective to investigate the complex relations between the social and technical aspects of DMB by highlighting the co-evolving nature, diversity, and interface between different driving forces and policy. The finding is that Korean DMB is the outcome of a proactive strategy of a telecom carrier and the Korean government's industrial policy to support such strategy. Among the push-oriented trajectory, however, non-technical issues such as users, market and regulation are left behind, which reveals the disjunction of the DMB development in terms of the socio-technical system perspective. The development of DMB sheds light on the growing challenges in the dynamics of industry, regulation, and technology.
Interaction of excitation and inhibition in inferior collicular neurons of the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus

Neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) of the midbrain receive convergent excitatory and inhibitory inputs from both lower and higher auditory nuclei. Interaction of these two opposing inputs shapes different response properties of IC neurons. In this study, we examined this interaction of excitation and inhibition in IC neurons using a probe (excitatory pulse) and a masker (inhibitory pulse) under different stimulation conditions. Inhibition of probe-elicited responses by a masker, i.e. masking, occurred when the masker was presented at certain inter-pulse intervals (the temporal window) in relation to the probe. At the best inter-pulse interval, masking was maximal such that a neuron had the minimal number of impulses, the longest response latency, and the smallest excitatory frequency tuning curve. The temporal window for masking expanded with increasing masker duration. The inhibition decreased with increasing probe intensity but increased with increasing masker intensity. Increasing masker intensity also produced progressive shrinkage in excitatory frequency tuning curves. Similarly, increasing probe intensity produced progressive shrinkage of inhibitory frequency tuning curves. Possible mechanisms underlying the time and intensity dependence of inhibition are discussed.
Millimeter Wave Fiberoptic Links

This paper is concerned with the use of fiberoptic links in millimeter wave systems. Two approaches are discussed. The first is an optically fed W-band transceiver. The second describes a mode-locked microchip laser to be used in optical generation and distribution of millimeter wave signals in wireless communication.
Coherent controllers for optical-feedback cooling of quantum oscillators

We study the cooling performance of optical-feedback controllers for open optical and mechanical resonators in the linear quadratic Gaussian setting of stochastic control theory. We utilize analysis and numerical optimization of closed-loop models based on quantum stochastic differential equations to show that coherent control schemes, where we embed the resonator in an interferometer to achieve all-optical feedback, can outperform optimal measurement-based feedback control schemes in the quantum regime of low steady-state excitation number. These performance gains are attributed to the coherent controller's ability to simultaneously process both quadratures of an optical probe field without measurement or loss of fidelity, and may guide the design of coherent feedback schemes for more general problems of robust nonlinear and robust control.
Carcinogenic Potential of Pesticides

(1965). Carcinogenic Potential of Pesticides. Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal: Vol. 10, No. 6, pp. 847-858.
Role of the coagulation system in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.

Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol [APAP]) is one of the leading causes of acute liver failure, and APAP hepatotoxicity is associated with coagulopathy in humans. We tested the hypothesis that activation of the coagulation system and downstream protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 signaling contribute to APAP-induced liver injury. Fasted C57BL/J6 mice were treated with either saline or APAP (400 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and were euthanized 0.5-24 hours later. Hepatotoxicity and coagulation system activation occurred by 2 hours after administration of APAP. Treatment with APAP also caused a rapid and transient increase in liver procoagulant activity. In addition, significant deposition of fibrin was observed in the liver by 2 hours, and the concentration of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in plasma increased between 2 and 6 hours. Pretreatment with heparin attenuated the APAP-induced activation of the coagulation system and hepatocellular injury and diminished hepatic fibrin deposition at 6 hours. Loss of hepatocellular glutathione was similar in APAP-treated mice pretreated with saline or heparin, suggesting that heparin did not diminish bioactivation of APAP. In mice deficient in tissue factor, the principal cellular activator of coagulation, APAP-induced liver injury, activation of coagulation, and hepatic fibrin deposition were reduced at 6 hours. Formation of the tissue factor–factor VIIa complex leads to the generation of thrombin that can activate cells through cleavage of PAR-1. Mice lacking PAR-1 developed less injury and hepatic fibrin deposits at 6 hours in response to APAP than control mice. Conclusion: Activation of the coagulation system and PAR-1 signaling contribute significantly to APAP-induced liver injury. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
Development and application of an empirical multifrequency method for backscatter classification

We evaluated the feasibility of identifying major acoustic scatters in North Pacific ecosystems based on empirical measurements of relative frequency response. Acoustic measurements in areas where ...
Carbon nanotunnels form from single-walled carbon nanotubes interacting with a diamond (100)–(2 × 1) surface

Abstract A quantum chemical study of the interaction of (5,5), (7,7), (9,9) and (8,0) single-walled carbon nanotubes with a clean (100)-(2 × 1) diamond surface is reported. Stable structures with covalent bonds at the interface were found for carbon nanotubes oriented parallel or perpendicular to the dimer rows on the reconstructed (100) surface. The binding energy of the most stable (5,5) nanotube-diamond structure is 1.7 eV/A, and is attributed to strong covalent bonds formed between the carbon nanotube and the diamond surface. The structure of the nanotube is distorted by adsorption on the surface such that it adopts a tunnel-like geometry. Two other nanotunnel geometries were found for the (5,5) nanotube, with binding energies of 1.39 and 1.09 eV/A. In the most stable (5,5) nanotube-diamond structure the interaction between the nanotube and the diamond surface produces a 0.6 eV band gap near the Fermi level, but the metallic character of the nanotube is maintained in the two other, less strongly bound nanotunnel structures. No charge transfer occurs between the diamond surface and the nanotunnels in any of the three orientations. Binding energies decrease with increases in tube diameter, to the extent that one of the three nanotunnel structures is not formed by (9,9) carbon nanotubes.
Some Factors Governing Respiration, Glucose Metabolism and Iodoacetate Sensitivity in Tetrahymena pyriformis*

SYNOPSIS. The physiologic response of Tetrahymena pyriformis W to glucose, as measured by the respiratory rate in a buffered suspension, was found to be altered by exposure of the culture to this carbohydrate in the peptone-based growth medium. Glucose-grown cells had an elevated respiratory rate in the presence of glucose in the Tris-buffered suspension, while cells not grown with the glucose supplement required sodium and potassium for the response. Orthophosphate elevated the rate of oxygen consumption independently of the glucose effect. The endogenous respiratory of glucose and non-glucose cultured cells were significantly diffe The 2 types of cells responded differently to the cations, sod and potassium, and were not identical in sensitivity to iodoacet Iodoacetate poisoning was found to be due to inhibition of “uncompetitive” type, potentiated by glucose, orthophosphate, the absence of potassium.
The effect of vitamins C and E on biomarkers of oxidative stress depends on baseline level

Oxidative stress is elevated in obesity, and may be a major mechanism for obesity-related diseases. Nonsmokers (n=396) were randomized to 1000 mg/day vitamin C, 800 IU/day vitamin E, or placebo, for 2 months. Treatment effect was examined in multiple regression analyses using an intention-to-treat approach. Vitamin C (P=0.001) and vitamin E (P=0.043) reduced plasma F2-isoprostanes. In the overall sample, changes from baseline were +6.8, -10.6, and -3.9% for placebo, vitamin C, and vitamin E groups, respectively. However, a significant interaction with baseline F2-isoprostane was found. When baseline F2-isoprostane was >50 microg/mL, vitamin C reduced F2-isoprostane by 22% (P=0.01). Vitamin E reduced it by 9.8% (P=0.46). Below that cut point, neither treatment produced further reductions. F2-isoprostane>50 microg/mL was strongly associated with obesity, and was present in 42% of the sample. Change in malondialdehyde concentration was minimal. These findings suggest a role for vitamin C in reducing lipid peroxidation. Future research on effects of vitamins C or E on plasma F2-isoprostane should limit participants to those with baseline levels >50 mug/mL. Further studies are needed to establish whether treatment with vitamins C or E in persons with concentrations above that cut point could slow the development of cardiovascular disease.
Path Connectivity of the Free Space

This paper revisits the notion of free configuration space and reviews some of its path-connectivity-related properties. The literature on motion planning reveals at least three different definitions for the free configuration space of a robot in the presence of obstacles. This paper shows that, assuming regularity of both object and obstacles, those three definitions are equivalent. We show that the three definitions regularize the free space and therefore prevent the existence of “thin bits,” or low-dimensional strata. The paper concludes by discussing a series of properties regarding the existence and smoothability of contact-free paths between pairs of configurations.
Weaning the Anxious Ventilator Patient Using Hypnotic Relaxation: Case Reports

Abstract Two anxious patients on mechanical ventilators with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were treated with hypnotically induced relaxation during prescribed aerosol “T-piece” weaning trials. Hypnosis was induced by an eye-fixation method, and suggestions of relaxation, well-being, and ventilator independence were given. The patients in this report claimed that before hypnosis, they felt anxious and tightness in the chest. During and after hypnosis, the patients were comfortable and secure breathing off the ventilator, as measured by an anxiety and oximetry scale.