cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Serotonin as a growth factor for chick embryo brain

Abstract It has been suggested that biogenic amines, in addition to their role as neurotransmitters, may also act as growth factors in the embryo. In the present work the concentrations of serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) were first determined in cerebral hemispheres of chick embryo at 10, 12 and 14 days of continuous incubation at 37.5°C (controls). When the incubation on days 7–10 was at 40°C (experimentals), a procedure known to increase brain weight, brain protein content and brain cell number, the concentration of 5-HT in cerebral hemispheres at day 10 (end of neuron proliferation) was significantly increased; this increase persisted at days 12 and 14 but ceased to be significant. No such increases were observed in the concentrations of NE and DA in experimentals at either day 10, 12 or 14. When 5-HT was injected into albumen of eggs at day 7 (37.5°C), cerebral weights, optic lobe weights and cerebral concentrations of 5-HT at day 10 were significantly increased over non-injected controls. Elevated temperature of incubation (40°C) further increased cerebral weight and 5-HT concentration. Cerebral protein contents and the ratios of cerebral protein/ cerebral DNA at day 10 were also significantly increased but cerebral DNA and body weights were unchanged. The optimal doses have been determined. It is concluded that 5-HT may be a growth promoting or regulating factor for embyronal brain.
Steam Reforming of Methanol Over Highly Active Pd/ZnO Catalyst.

Abstract Pd/ZnO catalysts were investigated for steam reforming of methanol. Unlike precious metal-based catalysts, Pd/ZnO catalysts not only exhibited high activity, but more importantly very low selectivity to CO for methanol steam reforming. Under the conditions examined, the decomposition activity is minimal. The novel function is attributed to the formation of highly structured Pd–Zn alloy at moderate temperatures under mild reducing environments. The current catalytic system was characterized by TPR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), H 2 chemisorption, and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Bounding the Reliability of Networks

Various applied problems require the analysis of systems with randomly failing elements. A typical such instance occurs in assessing the reliability of a transportation or communication network, in which the individual links fail independently with known probabilities. One is then interested in the probability that goods or information will be successfully transported from some source location to some terminal location. Exact calculation of this probability is known to be difficult, so this paper develops a method for obtaining lower and upper bounds on the required value. In fact, our procedure yields a sequence of matched lower and upper bounds, which can be monitored as the algorithm progresses. Rather than simply producing a numerical value, the method produces a functional (symbolic) form for the answer, especially useful for subsequent sensitivity analyses.
A public antigenic determinant in the HLA-B5 cross-reacting group--a basis for cross-reactivity and a possible link with Behcet's disease.

Serologic cross-reactivity among allelic gene products commonly occurs in the HLA complex, but the molecular basis of these serologic phenomena is incompletely characterized. Because of strong cross-reactivity among antigens comprising the B5 cross-reactive group (i.e., HLA-B5, B15, B18, and Bw35), we initiated a study of the chemical basis of cross-reactivity among this group of antigens. Using classic serologic procedures, an 125I-Protein A binding assay, and chemical immunoprecipitation techniques, we have defined a new antigenic determinant, tentatively designated "Y," which is present on certain HLA-B molecules. By a series of sequential immuno-precipitation experiments, Y was shown to be a "public" antigenic determinant distinct from the "private" determinants B5, B15, B18, and Bw35, but present on the same 44,000 dalton glycoprotein molecules. Although B5 is most highly associated with Behcet's disease, other members of the B5 cross-reactive group have also been associated with Behcet's, albeit to a lesser extent. These associations suggest that determinant Y may play a role in predisposition to Behcet's disease.
The impact of scientific and technical change on the location of economic activities

Abstract The impact of scientific and technical change on location and on the spatial structure generally poses a number of challenging theoretical problems and raises some momentous policy problems, because technical change is one of the main engines of economic growth, and rapid technical change and persistent economic growth are characteristics of our times. It is the purpose of this paper to analyze some of the theoretical implications of technological change on the location of economic activities to compare the findings with actual developments.
Evaluating the Performance of Constraint Formulations for Multibody Dynamics Simulation

Contemporary software systems used in the dynamic simulation of rigid bodies suffer from problems in accuracy, performance, and robustness. Significant allowances for parameter tuning, coupled with the careful implementation of a broad phase collision detection scheme is required to make dynamic simulation useful for practical applications. A geometrically accurate constraint formulation, the Polyhedral Exact Geometry method, is presented. The Polyhedral Exact Geometry formulation is similar to the well-known Stewart-Trinkle formulation, but extended to produce unilateral constraints that are geometrically correct in cases where polyhedral bodies have a locally non-convex free space. The PEG method is less dependent on broad-phase collision detection or system tuning than similar methods, demonstrated by several examples.Uncomplicated benchmark examples are presented to analyze and compare the new Polyhedral Exact Geometry formulation with the well-known Stewart-Trinkle and Anitescu-Potra methods. The behavior and performance for the methods are discussed. This includes specific cases where contemporary methods fail to match theorized and observed system states in simulation, and how they are ameliorated by PEG.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Renovascular hypertension: Diagnosis of renal artery stenosis by digital video subtraction angiography

Digital video subtraction angiography (DVSA) is a new radiographic technique that permits diagnostic visualization of the major renal circulation following the intravenous administration of contrast material. Our preliminary experience with 40 patients indicates that DVSA is a safe, accurate, cost-effective method of diagnosing renal artery stenosis as a possible cause of hypertension.
A Note on an Asymptotically Distribution-Free Test

An asymptotically distribution-free test procedure is obtained for a problem arising, for instance, in life-testing.
Vessel Cooption, Regression, and Growth in Tumors Mediated by Angiopoietins and VEGF

In contrast with the prevailing view that most tumors and metastases begin as avascular masses, evidence is presented here that a subset of tumors instead initially grows by coopting existing host vessels. This coopted host vasculature does not immediately undergo angiogenesis to support the tumor but instead regresses, leading to a secondarily avascular tumor and massive tumor cell loss. Ultimately, however, the remaining tumor is rescued by robust angiogenesis at the tumor margin. The expression patterns of the angiogenic antagonist angiopoietin-2 and of pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) suggest that these proteins may be critical regulators of this balance between vascular regression and growth.
SOME CONSEQUENCES OF ION SLIP IN A PLASMA FLOWING THROUGH A MAGNETIC FIELD

DIRECT generation of electrical power can be achieved by driving a conducting gas through a magnetic field transverse to the direction of flow. The necessary conductivity is obtained by heating the gas to a temperature at which appreciable thermal ionization occurs, the latter in accordance with the Saha equation. The conducting gas will be considered to consist of neutral particles and charged particles, no distinction being made between ions and electrons. It is the purpose of this communication to discuss the behaviour of this system as it flows along a duct (neglecting wall effects) through a uniform transverse magnetic field as shown in Fig. 1.
Evidence for an indirect mechanism of aflatoxin B1 inhibition of rat liver nuclear RNA polymerase II activity in vivo.

Previous studies suggested multiple sites of action of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in vivo to inhibit rat liver nuclear RNA synthesis--it impairs nucleolar DNA template function and inhibits RNA polymerase II activity. We have previously shown that AFB1 activated in vitro inhibits nucleolar RNA synthesis. The question is whether AFB1 can inhibit RNA polymerase II under these in vitro conditions. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 200 g, were injected i.p. with 0.6 mg AFB1 and liver nuclei were isolated 2 h later. When the total nuclear free RNA polymerases were extracted and assayed in the absence and presence of alpha-amanitin (3.2 micrograms/ml), we found that only alpha-amanitin-sensitive (i.e., RNA polymerase II) activity was inhibited (97%). DEAE-Sephadex chromatography confirmed this result. When total nuclear free RNA polymerases were incubated with AFB1 activated in vitro under conditions producing 70% inhibition of nucleolar RNA synthesis, no inhibition was observed for either alpha-amanitin-sensitive or -resistant activities. Similar results were obtained with low and high (28 and 167 micrograms/ml) concentrations of AFB1. This was further confirmed using highly purified RNA polymerase II. We conclude that AFB1 inhibition of RNA polymerase II activity in vivo is not a result of direct interaction of AFB1 to the enzyme.
Cyclic voltammetric study of glucose oxidation on an oxide-covered platinum electrode in the presence of an underpotential-deposited thallium layer

Abstract A cyclic voltammetric study of the oxidation of glucose on an electrochemically formed platinum oxide layer of a platinum electrode was carried out in both the absence and presence of an underpotential-deposited thallium or lead layer. An enhanced effect on the oxidation of glucose was observed in oxide-covered platinum electrodes compared to bare platinum electrodes. This enhancement remained in the presence of an underpotential-deposited thallium or lead layer. The presence of the underpotential-deposited metal layer significantly increased the anodic peak current and the response to changes in glucose concentration over the concentration range of 0 to 10800 mg/100 cm 3 (0 to 0.6 M ). The presence of the underpotential-deposited thallium layer appears to alter the mechanisms of the electrochemical oxidation of glucose on the platinum electrode. This is reflected by the results-the anodic peak current is directly proportional to the voltage scan rate applied in the cyclic voltammetric study on a bare platinum electrode, whereas it is directly proportional to the square root of the voltage scan rate in the presence of an underpotential-deposited thallium layer.
O2 supply dependence of respiration in patients with mitral stenosis undergoing valvuloplasty.

Although systemic oxygen consumption (V O2) is independent of O2 delivery (Q O2) in normal subjects, studies have suggested that supply dependence of V O2 may occur in patients with chronic diseases associated with reduced Q O2. In this regard, we previously found that Q O2 and V O2 increased when cardiac output was improved after balloon valvuloplasty in patients with aortic stenosis. However, their increases in Q O2 were relatively small, and it was not known whether the increase in V O2 was caused by the increase in delivery or was merely a response to the transient hypotension induced by valvuloplasty. Because patients with mitral stenosis frequently exhibit greater improvements in cardiac output after valvuloplasty than do patients with aortic stenosis, the present study sought to determine (1) whether V O2 is increased after valvuloplasty in patients with mitral stenosis, and (2) whether the magnitude of the increase in V O2 correlates with the magnitude of the improvement in cardiac output and Q O2...
Etk/Bmx tyrosine kinase activates Pak1 and regulates tumorigenicity of breast cancer cells.

Etk/Bmx, a member of the Tec family of nonreceptor protein-tyrosine kinases, is characterized by an N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain and has been shown to be a downstream effector of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. P21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1), another well characterized effector of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, has been implicated in the progression of breast cancer cells. In this study, we characterized the role of Etk in mammary development and tumorigenesis and explored the functional interactions between Etk and Pak1. We report that Etk expression is developmentally regulated in the mammary gland. Using transient transfection, coimmunoprecipitation and glutathioneS-transferase-pull down assays, we showed that Etk directly associates with Pak1 via its N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain and also phosphorylates Pak1 on tyrosine residues. The expression of wild-type Etk in a non-invasive human breast cancer MCF-7 cells significantly increased proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of epithelial cancer cells. Conversely, expression of kinase-inactive mutant Etk-KQ suppressed the proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and tumorigenicity of human breast cancer MDA-MB435 cells. These results indicate that Pak1 is a target of Etk and that Etk controls the proliferation as well as the anchorage-independent and tumorigenic growth of mammary epithelial cancer cells.
Environmental photochemistry of nitro-PAHs: direct observation of ultrafast intersystem crossing in 1-nitropyrene.

Femtosecond broadband transient absorption experiments of 1-nitropyrene, a nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon of environmental concern are presented in cyclohexane and hexane solutions. The transient absorption spectra show the presence of three species that are assigned to the Franck−Condon excited lowest singlet (S1) state, the structurally relaxed S1 state, and the lowest excited triplet state. The spectral changes at early times are interpreted in terms of conformational dynamics; primarily due to an ultrafast rotation of the nitro group in the S1 state. This excited state relaxation is followed by intersystem crossing with a time constant of 7 ps. CIS/6-31G(d,p) calculations predict planarization of the nitro-aromatic torsional angle as the major nuclear relaxation coordinate, from 32.8° at the HF/6-31G(d,p) level of theory in the ground state (27.46° at B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p)) to 0.07° in the S1 state. Vertical excitation energies at the TDDFT/6-31++G(d,p) and TDDFT/IEFPCM/6-31++G(d,p) levels of theo...
Use of the Jackknife Statistic to Evaluate Result Replicability

Abstract Result replicability has often been confused with significance testing because of a misinformed view that statistical significance evaluates result importance and result replicability. Several alternatives, of which the jackknife statistic is one, provide researchers with the tools for estimating result replicability. In the present study, an available data set from A. L. Edwards (1985, p. 57) is used to illustrate the use of the jackknife statistic to assess the replicability of multiple regression results in a concrete fashion. The jackknifed coefficients are computed to assess the stability of beta weights and the multiple R 2 value. Confidence intervals and t statistics are also calculated to facilitate the interpretation of these jackknifed coefficients.
Control of G1 to S cell cycle progression of Trypanosoma brucei S427c11 organisms under axenic conditions

Abstract Trypanosoma brucei S427c11 organisms made 6 divisions in modified minimal essential medium (BMEM) supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS)-low or high density lipoprotein (LDL, HDL) and fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin (FAFBSA). Omission of lipoproteins or FAF-BSA from the medium caused the parasites to accumulate in G 1 of the cell cycle and to lose the ability to replicate at 37°C. Proteinase K-treated LDL or HDL, which did not have detectable apolipoprotein, supported the G 1 to S cell cycle transition of T. brucei S427c11 organisms in BMEM supplemented with FAF-BSA. Addition of C6:0, C7:0 or C8:0 fatty acid (1 mol fatty acid mol −1 FAF-BSA in the incubation mixture) to serum-free medium supplemented with LDL or HDL and FAF-BSA prevented T. brucei S427c11 organisms from progressing through G 1 into S of the cell cycle. T. brucei S427c11 organisms became stumpy-like forms during plateau phase growth under axenic conditions. Stumpy-like T. brucei S427c11 organisms were mainly in G 1 of the cell cycle, expressed raised levels of NAD diaphorase activity, were unable to replicate at 37°C, but were able to differentiate to replicating procyclic organisms. Medium collected from plateau phase cultures of T. brucei S427c11 did not support the G 1 to S cell cycle transition of exponential growing T. brucei organisms. The capacity of plateau phase medium to support G 1 to S transition of T. brucei S427c11 organisms was restored by addition of FAF-BSA and its capacity to support 4 cycles of replication of the parasites was restored by addition of FAF-BSA and LDL or HDL.
Looking Through Other Lenses and Listening to Other Voices Stretching the Boundaries of Learning Disabilities

The articles in this special series have drawn on publications and research outside the traditional special education literature in order to take a fresh look at learning disabilities. The authors have sought to use these different lenses and to listen to different voices, including student voices, to examine our current assumptions---theoretical, practical, and legal. Some of the authors have stood back and asked difficult questions about what purposes are served by the field of learning disabilities in the larger context of schooling and society. On the other hand, many of the authors have sought to get closer to children and youth who are labeled learning disabled and to get a better view from the tiny, yet critical, moments that make up a life and a classroom. Together these telescopic and microscopic views offer us ways to challenge our assumptions and practices, and ways to create new ones.
Optimization of Single-Molecule Fluorescence Burst Detection of ds-DNA: Application to Capillary Electrophoresis Separations of 100–1000 Basepair Fragments

Methods for optimizing the dye labeling, laser excitation, and data analysis for single-molecule fluorescence burst detection of ds-DNA have been developed and then validated through capillary electrophoresis (CE) separations of 100–1000 basepair (bp) DNA. Confocal microscopy is used to observe fluorescence bursts from individual DNA fragments labeled with the intercalation dye TO6 as they pass through the ∼ 2-μm-diameter focused laser beam. The dye concentration and laser power were optimized by studying fluorescence burst intensities from pBluescript DNA fragments. The optimal TO6 concentration was ≤100 nM, and the optimal laser power was ≤1 mW. Single-molecule counting was then used to detect CE separations of a 100–1000 bp DNA sizing ladder in 3% linear polyacrylamide. Discrete and baseline-resolved fluorescence bursts were observed in bands as small as 100 bp, and the average burst size within each band increased linearly with fragment size. By counting events using a single optimally chosen discrimi...
Diffraction of paraxial partially coherent fields by planar obstacles in the Wigner representation

The free-space propagation of paraxial, partially coherent stationary fields can be described in a simple and intuitive way through the use of the Wigner function. In this context, this function plays the role of a generalized radiance that is constant along straight lines or rays. The effect of diffraction by transverse planar opaque obstacles or apertures is considered here for this representation, and a simple analytic approximate formula is given for the case when the incident field is quasi-homogeneous, at least in the neighborhood of the obstacle's edges. In this result, diffraction is accounted for by including rays emanating from the obstacle's edges.
ATOM PROBE FIELD-ION MICROSCOPY OF CONVENTIONALLY CAST & MELT-SPUN NICKEL ALUMINIDE ALLOYS CONTAINING BORON AND HAFNIUM

Etude sur les alliages Ni 3 Al contenant respectivement 0,24% at. B et 0,24% B+0,5% Hf. Mise en evidence d'une segregation de bore aux joints de grain. Lorsque la teneur en bore augmente dans la region des joints, la concentration d'aluminium decroit. La structure ordonnee L1 2 subit tres peu de changement
A sparse sequential quadratic programming algorithm

Described here is the structure and theory for a sequential quadratic programming algorithm for solving sparse nonlinear optimization problems. Also provided are the details of a computer implementation of the algorithm along with test results. The algorithm maintains a sparse approximation to the Cholesky factor of the Hessian of the Lagrangian. The solution to the quadratic program generated at each step is obtained by solving a dual quadratic program using a projected conjugate gradient algorithm. An updating procedure is employed that does not destroy sparsity.
Torture and its neurological sequelae.

Background: Refugees and asylum seekers continue to enter the United States and the European Union in record numbers. Some have estimated that between 5–35% of all refugees have suffered torture in their countries of origin. Although general practitioners and specialized physicians are likely to encounter victims of torture as patients, few providers are familiar with the health problems that may affect this patient population. Purpose: To provide neurologists, neurosurgeons, and rehabilitation medicine physicians with basic knowledge about survivors of torture that can help in the diagnosis, treatment, and referral of such patients. Methods: A MEDLINE (1966–October 2001) search using keywords torture and sequelae (nervous system diseases and brain injuries) was conducted. Other data sources included books, reference lists, online resources and expert opinion. Findings: Forms of torture that may affect the nervous system include beatings, gunshot wounds, stab wounds, asphyxiation, prolonged suspension and electrocution. Victims of torture commonly experience neurological symptoms such as headaches, vertigo, loss of consciousness and dizziness during and after torture. A successful and meaningful clinical interaction with a survivor of torture includes avoiding retraumatization, building trust, spelling out any limits on confidentiality, and above anything else, establishing empathy with the patient. Conclusions: Neurological sequelae of torture can be devastating physically and psychologically. The treatment of these neurological conditions does not differ from other patient populations. However, the clinical approach is unique and must focus on avoiding retraumatization and helping the victim reintegrate into society as quickly as possible.
Simulation Based Prediction of the Effect of MPFL Reconstruction on Patellofemoral Mechanics

Patellofemoral complications remain the single largest reason for knee related clinical visits. Yet, robust clinical treatment remains a challenge [1]. To establish causal relationships and understand joint behavior, a complimentary approach utilizing simulation and experimentation may offer valuable insight. Simulation can be confirmed with experimental data and can also be exploited in a predictive capacity. For example, the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is a clinically relevant structure due to its role in patellofemoral stabilization [2]. MPFL reconstruction, which can be explored in a simulation framework, often utilizes a relatively stiff semitendinosus or gracilis tendon autograft [3]. The procedure is accepted to address patients with chronic patellar instability [4]. While joint stability may be achieved with such an approach, the underlying cartilage loading, and potential long term effects, are unknown. Previous simulation results found sensitivity in cartilage pressures during MPFL reconstruction [4], and these findings may be corroborated using a higher fidelity evaluation of clinically relevant factors. In the context of developing a general patellofemoral simulation framework, the goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of reconstructed MPFL zero force reference (“slack”) length on predicted joint mechanics across a range of potential values. To support the predictive simulation results, a preliminary model validation was also performed against specimen-specific in vitro joint mechanics.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
The Value of Cultural Adaptation Processes: Older Youth Participants as Substance Abuse Preventionists

This National Institutes of Health (National Institute on Drug Abuse) funded study employed focus groups to explore the value of: (a) engaging youth as experts in their own drug culture to engage them in open, honest discussion around substance use in their communities; and (b) allowing youth within a range of settings to systematically recreate unique workbook and video scenarios while maintaining the core components of an evidence-based substance abuse prevention program. Researchers collaborated with community based agencies that serve high risk youth, including youth who were incarcerated, homeless, in alternative high schools, in low-income housing programs, and on the US-Mexico border. The research indicates that high-risk youth in community settings can be actively engaged in adapting evidence-based prevention curricula. Youth emphasized their reasons for using drugs, as well as the salient consequences, and the value of tailored scenarios that incorporate their life experiences, language, drugs of choice, and relevant motivators. Serendipitous findings noted attitude changes related to dissonance between the adaptation component participants’ behaviors and their input as “Preventionists.” Findings have implications for developing prevention strategies that may be helpful for older, high-risk youth.
The acoustic properties of human skull bone

The propagation velocity and absorption coefficient of a pulse of megahertz sound was measured in 25 specimens of embalmed human skull bone. The mass densities of the specimens were also measured and their specific acoustic imped- ances calculated. The data is discussed and presented in tabular as well as graphic form.
Analysis of Opi1p repressor mutants

Opi1p is the only known repressor protein specific to the phospholipid biosynthetic pathway. Opi1p is required for repression in response to inositol and choline supplementation. However, the mechanism of Opi1p repression is not completely understood. In part, this is because previously identified opi1 mutants contained nonsense mutations and thus provided little insight into the mechanism of Opi1p function. We have recently reported isolating novel opi1 mutants (rum and dim mutants) that contain missense mutations. Here, we show that these opi1 mutants produce Opi1p product at levels comparable to a wild-type strain. However, these mutants mis-regulate expression of two target genes, INO2-HIS3 and INO1-lacZ, and are also defective in autoregulation. An opi1-S339F mutant is particularly interesting because it completely eliminated autoregulation, but only abated regulation of an INO1-lacZ reporter. Two of the mutations in OPI1 (V343Q and S339F) provide genetic evidence for an interaction between Opi1p and the Ino2p activator since they reside in a region of Opi1p recently shown to interact with Ino2p in vitro. A third mutation (L252F) resides in a region of Opi1p with no known function.
Pedagogy of Possibilities: Teaching About Racism in Multicultural Counseling Courses

The topic of diversity/multiculturalism is explored in terms of how to teach about racism in counselor education programs. Issues about racism in general, how racism is handled in multicultural counseling courses, and strategies for successful teaching are explored.
Determination of the Cerium Oxidation State in Cerium Vanadate

Use of low-quality fuels in gas turbines can lead to vana-dium hot corrosion of stabilized-zirconia turbine blade coatings. The stabilizing oxide reacts with V2O5 in the melt, forming a vanadate, thus removing the stabilizer from the zirconia. To better understand the vanadation reaction of one such oxide, CeO2, we have employed X-ray absorption spectroscopy to determine the oxidation state of the resulting vanadate, CeVO4. A comparison of the cerium vanadate X-ray absorption spectra with Ce4+ and Ce3+ standards has established that the cerium valence in this compound is 3+. This result indicates that cerium is reduced during CeVO4 formation and suggests that the vanadium reactant remains in the 5+ oxidation state.
An Overview of the Patency and Stroke Rates Following Thrombolysis with Streptokinase, Alteplase, and Anistreplase Used to Treat an Acute Myocardial Infarction

The results of an overview of early (90-240 min) and late (24 hours or more) patency and of stroke rates for each of the three commercially available thrombolytic agents, streptokinase, alteplase, and anistreplase are presented. Studies included in this analysis are all those published between 1985 and March 1992 and focus on the licensed dosage regimens of each agent. The rates of early and late patency for streptokinase were 64.7% and 80.8%; for alteplase, 66.6% and 73.7%; and for anistreplase, 72.1% and 84.5%. The rates of total and hemorrhagic stroke for streptokinase were 0.69% and 0.17%; for alteplase, 1.27% and 0.50%; and for anistreplase 0.91% and 0.38%. These results provided evidence that the rates of early and late patency appeared to be greatest for anistreplase and that the rates of stroke are within "acceptable" ranges for all three thrombolytic agents with streptokinase affording the lowest rate.
Integral Outsiders: The American Colony in Mexico City, 1876-1911

Chapter 1 Introduction: Integral Outsiders: Model and Overview Chapter 2 Life Sketches of the American Colony Chapter 3 Colonel R. C. Pate: Culture, the Economy, and Hemispheric Politics Chapter 4 Land, Church, and Society Chapter 5 Tourist Investors and Tributary Capitalism Chapter 6 Tropical Mafia: The Deep Politics of Dollar Diplomacy Chapter 7 Greater Mexico: The Deep Politics of Hegemony Chapter 8 Chaos at Porfirian Twilight
Penetration electric fields : A Volland-Stern approach

Abstract This paper reformulates the Volland–Stern model, separating contributions from corotation and convection to predict electric field penetration of the inner magnetosphere using data from the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) satellite. In the absence of shielding, the model electric field is E VS = Φ PC /2 L Y R E , where Φ PC is the polar cap potential and 2 L Y R E is the width of the magnetosphere along the dawn–dusk meridian. Φ PC is estimated from the interplanetary electric field (IEF) and the dynamic pressure of the solar wind ( P SW ); values of L Y were approximated using P SW and simple force-balance considerations. ACE measurements on 16–17 April 2002 were then used to calculate E VS for comparison with the eastward electric field component ( E Jφ ) detected by the incoherent scatter radar at Jicamarca, Peru. While the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) was southward, the model predicted observed ratios of E VS /IEF. During intervals of northward IMF, E Jφ turned westward suggesting that a northward IMF B Z system of field-aligned currents affected the electrodynamics of the dayside ionosphere on rapid time scales.
An appraisal of the teaching methods of Dale Carnegie

(1941). An appraisal of the teaching methods of Dale Carnegie. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 67-73.
The influence of lattice distortion on atomic self-diffusion on fcc (001) surfaces: Ni, Cu, Pd, Ag

Abstract We present the variation of the activation barriers with the number of movable substrate atoms for the self-migration of adatoms on fcc (001) surfaces. Two mechanisms considered in this paper are: (1) hopping of the adatom from one four-fold hollow site to an adjacent four-fold hollow site via a two-fold bridge site; and (2) exchange of the adatom with an atom in the first surface layer. While both mechanisms distort the lattice atoms from their ideal positions, the latter process is found to lead to much greater distortions than the former. We find at least a 25% reduction in the barrier to atomic exchange as the number of substrate atoms is increased from a minimum to very large. This is shown to be due to sharing of the lattice distortion over many substrate atoms, thereby reducing the distortion of each atom significantly. Nevertheless, the explicit inclusion of the kinetic-exchange-correlation electronic energy terms in the interactions is still found to be critical in predicting the energetically favored self-diffusion mechanism on the fcc (001) surface.
Ultrastructure of the integumental melanophores of the South American lungfish (Lepidosiren paradoxa) and the African lungfish (Protopterus sp.)

The integumental melanophores of two genera of lungfish, Lepidosiren paradoxa and Protopterus sp. were examined by light and electron microscopy. Both species possess both epidermal and dermal melanophores with fine structural characteristics basically similar to those of other vertebrates. The epidermal melanophores of both species are located in the intermediate epidermis, and possess thin perikarya containing round nuclei, and slender dendrites extending into the nearby intercellular spaces. The dermal melanophores occur immediately beneath the basement membrane, and possess flat perikarya and dendrites running horizontally between the collagen fibers of the dermis. The integument of both species does not possess an epidermal melanin unit or a dermal chromatophore unit.
Using time‐domain reflectometry to characterize shallow solute transport in an oak woodland hillslope in northern California, USA

The natural heterogeneity of water and solute movement in hillslope soils makes it difficult to accurately characterize the transport of surface-applied pollutants without first gathering spatially distributed hydrological data. This study examined the application of time-domain reflectometry (TDR) to measure solute transport in hillslopes. Three different plot designs were used to examine the transport of a conservative tracer in the first 50 cm of a moderately sloping soil. In the first plot, which was designed to examine spatial variability in vertical transport in a 1Ð 2m 2 plot, a single probe per meter was found to adequately characterize vertical solute travel times. In addition, a dye and excavation study in this plot revealed lateral preferential flow in small macropores and a transport pattern where solute is focused vertically into preferential flow pathways. The bypass flow delivers solute deeper in the soil, where lateral flow occurs. The second plot, designed to capture both vertical and lateral flow, provided additional evidence confirming the flow patterns identified in the excavation of the first plot. The third plot was designed to examine lateral flow and once again preferential flow of the tracer was observed. In one instance rapid solute transport in this plot was estimated to occur in as little as 3% of the available pore space. Finally, it was demonstrated that the soil anisotropy, although partially responsible for lateral subsurface transport, may also homogenize the transport response across the hillslope by decreasing vertical solute spreading. Copyright  2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Kind of H2/H∞Filtering Sheme on Deformation Monitoring Data

Based on the research of the Kalman filter, a kind of H 2 /H ∞ filter is put forward which depends on the model. H 2 filter assumes that the noise is white noise, but does not require the statistical properties, also ignores color noise. H ∞ filter only considers the non-white and energy- limited noise. It can ensure the accuracy of the filter in worst frequency point, but doesn’t consider the influence of white noise. Synthesizing the advantages and disadvantages of H 2 and H ∞ filter scheme, H 2 /H ∞ hybrid filter devide the noise into the white noise and non-white noise of limited energy. Baed on norm analysis about the noise and system, the optimization index J is adopted as the optimization goal, and its physical meaning is given. The hybrid filter is designed by solving the corresponding Riccati Equation, the simulation and actual calculation example are given. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i5.4935
PERINATAL HYPERMAGNESEMIA: RELATION TO GESTATIONAL AGE AND BIRTH ASPHYXIA

Pre-eclamptic mothers (n=22) treated with MgSO4, and their infants (32-44 wks gestation) were studied during labor and the first 3 days of postnatal life. Maternal serum Mg increased from 2.09±.09mg/dl (mean±SEM) prestudy to peak 5.54±.52 and 4.44±.41 at delivery. Neonatal Mg at 6-12 hrs of age (4.15±.20) was lower than placental vein Mg (4.79±.38), paired t, p .12 sec) in 5 of 10 infants and prolonged QTc (>.4 sec) in 4 of 10. Thus, maternal Mg excess is associated with prolonged neonatal hypermagnesemia; premature and birth asphyxiated infants have greater intolerance to Mg excess.
Identification of PAN2 by Quantitative Proteomics as a Leucine-Rich Repeat–Receptor-Like Kinase Acting Upstream of PAN1 to Polarize Cell Division in Maize

Mechanisms governing the polarization of plant cell division are poorly understood. Previously, we identified pangloss1 (PAN1) as a leucine-rich repeat–receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) that promotes the polarization of subsidiary mother cell (SMC) divisions toward the adjacent guard mother cell (GMC) during stomatal development in maize (Zea mays). Here, we identify pangloss2 (PAN2) as a second LRR-RLK promoting SMC polarization. Quantitative proteomic analysis identified a PAN2 candidate by its depletion from membranes of pan2 single and pan1;pan2 double mutants. Genetic mapping and sequencing of mutant alleles confirmed the identity of this protein as PAN2. Like PAN1, PAN2 has a catalytically inactive kinase domain and accumulates in SMCs at sites of GMC contact before nuclear polarization. The timing of polarized PAN1 and PAN2 localization is very similar, but PAN2 acts upstream because it is required for polarized accumulation of PAN1 but is independent of PAN1 for its own localization. We find no evidence that PAN2 recruits PAN1 to the GMC contact site via a direct or indirect physical interaction, but PAN2 interacts with itself. Together, these results place PAN2 at the top of a cascade of events promoting the polarization of SMC divisions, potentially functioning to perceive or amplify GMC-derived polarizing cues.
A new approach to interactive viewpoint selection for volume data sets

Automatic viewpoint selection algorithms try to optimize the view of a data set to best show its features. They are often based on information theoretic frameworks. Although many algorithms have shown useful results, they often take several seconds to produce a result because they render the scene from a variety of viewpoints and analyze the result. In this article, we propose a new algorithm for volume data sets that dramatically reduces the running time. Our entire algorithm takes less than a second, which allows it to be integrated into real-time volume-rendering applications. The interactive performance is achieved by solving a maximization problem with a small sample of the data set, instead of rendering it from a variety of directions. We compare performance results of our algorithm to state-of-the-art approaches and show that our algorithm achieves comparable results for the resulting viewpoints. Furthermore, we apply our algorithm to multichannel volume data sets.
A Prototype Neutron Veto for Dark Matter Detectors

Abstract Neutrons are a particularly dangerous background for direct WIMP dark matter searches; their nuclear recoils with the target nuclei are often indistinguishable from nuclear recoils produced by WIMP-nuclear collisions. In this study, we explore the concept of a liquid scintillator neutron veto detector that would allow direct dark matter detectors to potentially reject neutrons with greater than 99% efficiency. Here we outline the construction and testing of a small prototype detector and the potential implications of this technology for future dark matter detectors.
Behavioral management of persistent auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia: Outcomes from a 10-week course

Background: Medication-resistant, persistent auditory hallucinations are pervasive in persons with schizophrenia. Behavior strategies are often very effective as adjunctive therapy to decrease the negative characteristics of this symptom. Objectives: The purpose of this multi-site intervention study was to examine the short-term effects of a 10-week course to teach behavior management of persistent auditory hallucinations on seven characteristics of auditory hallucinations (i.e., frequency, loudness, self-control, clarity, tone, distractibility, and distress), anxiety, and depression. Study Design: A quasi-experimental repeated measured design was used. The sample included 62 outpatients with schizophrenia who reported daily persistent auditory hallucinations. Measures included the Characteristics of Auditory Hallucinations Questionnaire, the tension-anxiety subscale of the Profile of Mood States, and the Beck Depression Inventory II. Results: Preintervention scores for the frequency (p < .001), self-control (p < .03), clarity (p < .01), tone (p < .03), distractibility (p < .006), and distress (p < .001) improved compared with preintervention scores. Postintervention scores on anxiety and depression were also significantly lower than preintervention scores (p < .02, p < .001, respectively). Conclusions: Teaching behavior management of persistent auditory hallucinations in a standardized 10-week course is clinically effective and can be incorporated into many existing outpatient programs. (J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc [2002]. 8, 84-91.)
Estimation of indocyanine green concentration in blood from fluorescence emission: application to hemodynamic assessment during hemodialysis

There is considerable interest in assessing cardiovascular function noninvasively in patients receiving hemodialysis. A possible approach is to measure the blood concentration of bolus-injected indocyanine green dye and to apply the dye-dilution method for estimating cardiac output and blood volume. Blood ICG concentration can be derived from a measurement of the ICG fluorescence through the dialysis tubing if a simple and unique calibration relationship can be established between transmural fluorescence intensity and blood ICG concentration. We investigated this relationship using Monte Carlo simulations of light transport in blood with varying hematocrit and ICG concentrations and performed empiric measurements of optical absorption and ICG fluorescence emission to confirm our findings. The ICG fluorescence intensity measured at the blood surface, as well as the light intensity remitted by the blood, varied as hematocrit changes modified the absorption and scattering characteristics of the blood. Calibration relationships were developed between fluorescence intensity and ICG concentration that accounted for hematocrit changes. Combining the backreflected fluorescence and the reflected light measured near the point of illumination provided optimal signal intensity, linearity, and robustness to hematocrit changes. These results provide a basis for developing a noninvasive approach to derive optically circulating blood ICG concentration in hemodialysis circuits.
Impact of land use/land cover change on regional hydrometeorology in Amazonia

[1] A high-resolution mesoscale model was used to investigate the impact of deforestation in Amazonia. Coherent mesoscale circulations were triggered by the surface heterogeneity; synoptic flow did not eliminate the circulations but advected them away from the location where they were generated. This was substantiated by satellite-derived cloud images. These circulations affected the transport of moisture and heat at the synoptic scale and can affect climate. Adequate parameterizations for these processes should be included in GCMs for more accurate climate simulations.
Showing Users the Way: Signs in Virtual Worlds

In this paper, we report the results of a pilot study designed to evaluate the impact of signs as navigation aids in virtual worlds. Test subjects were divided into three groups (no aid, a dynamic electronic map, and signs) and asked to search a virtual building four times for six differently colored spheres. The spheres were in the same locations each time, and subjects were allowed to locate them in any order. A statistical analysis of the data revealed that on the first and second trials subjects took nearly four times as long to find the spheres with no aid present, compared to with maps and signs. We then compared only the sign and map conditions. Overall, subjects who navigated the world with the aid of signs were significantly faster than those who were provided with a map. While more research into the use of signs in virtual worlds is necessary, these results indicate that for at least some environments subjects are able to locate targets more quickly when using signs than maps.
Recent progress in device performance and picture quality of color plasma displays

— This paper will describe the R&D history of color plasma displays (PDPs) at Pioneer. The goals of device performance for color PDPs compared to those of CRTs will be described. The device performance includes luminance, contrast ratio, resolution, gray scale, dynamic false contours, and image quality. In order to improve the device performance described above, the technologies developed by Pioneer will be described. These include T-shaped electrode, WAFFLE rib structure, CLEAR driving method, and high-quality video processing. Finally, the next generation of color PDPs will be described in terms of device performance and new technologies.
Update in hospital palliative care

BACKGROUND Seriously ill patients frequently receive care in hospitals, and palliative care is a core competency for hospitalists. We aimed to summarize and critique recent research that has the potential to impact the clinical practice of palliative care in the hospital. METHODS We reviewed articles published between January 2012 and May 2013, identified through a hand-search of leading journals and PubMed. The authors collectively selected 9 articles based on their scientific rigor and relevance to hospital practice. We review their findings, strengths, and limitations and make recommendations for practice. RESULTS Key findings include: indwelling pleural catheters and talc pleurodesis provide similar relief of dyspnea in patients with malignant pleural effusions; oxygen many not be needed to prevent dyspnea in many dying patients; docusate may not be needed in addition to sennosides to treat opioid-induced constipation; atropine is no more effective than placebo in treating respiratory rattles in dying patients; many older adult survivors of in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are alive up to 1 year after discharge; observing CPR may decrease family post-traumatic stress; surrogates of intensive care unit patients often interpret prognostic information optimistically; many patients with metastatic cancer feel that chemotherapy may cure their disease; viewing a goals-of-care video may decrease preference for CPR in patients being admitted to skilled nursing facilities. CONCLUSIONS Recent research provides important insights into the effectiveness of medications and interventions for symptom management, outcomes of CPR for patients and families, and communication and advance care planning in the hospital. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:715–720. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine