cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What can the study of first impressions tell us about attitudinal ambivalence and paranoia in schizophrenia

Although social cognition deficits have been associated with schizophrenia, social trait judgments - or first impressions - have rarely been studied. These first impressions, formed immediately after looking at a person's face, have significant social consequences. Eighty-one individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 62 control subjects rated 30 neutral faces on 10 positive or negative traits: attractive, mean, trustworthy, intelligent, dominant, fun, sociable, aggressive, emotionally stable and weird. Compared to controls, patients gave higher ratings for positive traits as well as for negative traits. Patients also demonstrated more ambivalence in their ratings. Patients who were exhibiting paranoid symptoms assigned higher intensity ratings for positive social traits than non-paranoid patients. Social trait ratings were negatively correlated with everyday problem solving skills in patients. Although patients appeared to form impressions of others in a manner similar to controls, they tended to assign higher scores for both positive and negative traits. This may help explain the social deficits observed in schizophrenia: first impressions of higher degree are harder to correct, and ambivalent attitudes may impair the motivation to interact with others. Consistent with research on paranoia and self-esteem, actively-paranoid patients' positive social traits judgments were of higher intensity than non-paranoid patients'.
Evaluation of Aquatic Insect Emergence Traps

Performance of submerged and floating pyramidal-traps was compared with that of a new design, the staked box-trap for estimating the emergence of midges (Chironomidae and Chaoboridae) in waste-stabilization lagoons. The box-trap and pyramidal-traps collected similar numbers of midges, but the former was superior for servicing because, after a sliding base was inserted, adults could be killed and aspirated. This technique eliminated loss of adults. Submerged traps captured only 5% as many midges as did the surface traps. Field and laboratory results indicated that dear plastic traps catch more midges than black plastic traps of similar design and are therefore considered to give a more accurate estimate of emergence. Criteria for accurate estimation of emergence are discussed.
Momentum-transfer dependence of the K absorption edge of lithium

The lithium $K$ absorption edge has been studied as a function of momentum transfer in a high-resolution inelastic-electron-scattering experiment and found to exhibit no significant change with momentum transfer up to 1.2 ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. This result places severe restrictions on theories which interpret the shape of the threshold in terms of the final-state electron-hole interaction, and compatibility with this experiment could only be obtained in such theories by the utilization of a range ($\ensuremath{\xi}l0.01$ eV) or an $s$-wave phase shift (${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{0}l0.5$), values which differ from the presently accepted calculations. Our results are consistent with an edge shape determined by a simple step function in the one-electron transition probability convoluted with broadening due to phonon or lifetime effects.
The Recognition of Primate Phylogeny and Osseous Affliction: When Primates are Lionized

Skulls contain the preponderance of criteria/characteristics used identification of skeletons. This is especially true for primates of both human and non-human lineages. When that shape is altered, reliable identification is less assured. So, too, is it problematic to identify the source of skull pathology, unless it’s severe. Even that can be controversial. One approach has been referred to as phylogenetic bracketing. It is predicated on previous observations of recognized disorders in con-specifics, or closely or even remotely related organisms, not necessarily of the same family or even order.
Analysis and Application of Ship-radiated Noise's Zero-crossing Number

The ship-radiated noise caused by three longitudinal locations has different power spectrums at cruise speed.At long distance(the far field),a ship can be considered to be a dot sound source,while at short distance(the near field),it is more retional that the ship should be considered to be a volume target.This paper studies the longitudinal distribution of ship's radiated noise power spectrum as a volume target.A new feature vector of ship-radiated noise based on wave structure is presented.BP neural network is applied to ship-radiated noise taken from sea trial to classify the type of ship.The experimental results denote that the feature vector of ship-radiated noise is satisfactory.
Impact of conventional domestic drinking water treatment process on fluoride,etc of source water

Objective To research the impact of conventional water treatment process on fluoride,nitrate,iron,manganese,chloride,sulfate and oxygen consumption of source water and to explore the treatment effect of traditional domestic and drinking water treatment technology on conventional chemical substances of source water,and provide the scientific basis for selecting treatment process. Methods The test data of fluoride,nitrate and iron,etc of source water and finished water of six waterworks which adopt conventional water treatment process were analyzed. Results There were not significant differences in the content of fluoride between source water and finished water of six waterworks(P0.05). There was significant difference in the content of nitrate between source water and finished water of one waterwork(P 0.05).There were significant differences in the content of iron between source water and finished water of six waterworks(P0.05).There were significant differences in the content of chloride between source water and finished water of three waterworks(P0.05).There were significant differences in the content of manganese between source water and finished water of four waterworks(P0.05).There were significant differences in the content of oxygen consumption between source water and finished water of five waterworks(P0.05). Conclusion Contents of iron,manganese and oxygen consumption of source water are decreased after the conventional domestic drinking water treatment process,and content of chloride is increased,and there are not significant impact on fluoride,nitrate and sulfate in source water.
Human-machine teaming for effective estimation and path planning

While traditional sensors provide accurate measurements of quantifiable information, humans provide better qualitative information and holistic assessments. Sensor fusion approaches that team humans and machines can take advantage of the benefits provided by each while mitigating the shortcomings. These two sensor sources can be fused together using Bayesian fusion, which assumes that there is a method of generating a probabilistic representation of the sensor measurement. This general framework of fusing estimates can also be applied to joint human-machine decision making. In the simple case, binary decisions can be fused by using a probability of taking an action versus inaction from each decision-making source. These are fused together to arrive at a final probability of taking an action, which would be taken if above a specified threshold. In the case of path planning, rather than binary decisions being fused, complex decisions can be fused by allowing the human and machine to interact with each other. For example, the human can draw a suggested path while the machine planning algorithm can refine it to avoid obstacles and remain dynamically feasible. Similarly, the human can revise a suggested path to achieve secondary goals not encoded in the algorithm such as avoiding dangerous areas in the environment.
Dynamics of a Repulsive Voter Model

In contrast to most conventional social interaction models, in this paper, the dynamics of repulsive interactions between the nodes of a network is investigated. Such a model may be considered to be a first-order approximation of many anticonformal social policies, such as drivers making lane-changing decisions when confronted with other cars in the same lane. Such policies are also demonstrated in any sort of social situation where there is a premium on novelty or choices, which can demonstrate an attitude of indifference or rebellion toward current trends. Various styles of antifashionable dresses, which are explicitly contrary to the fashion of the day, are the examples of such anticonformal social behavior. The model developed in this paper is first formulated and solved over a complete graph both with and without the influence of biased nodes. Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to validate the accuracy of the model formulation. Then, the model is studied on an Erdős Renyi random graph, and finally, the behavior of the model on a regular lattice is investigated. Analytical solutions have been derived for the mentioned combinations. The interesting behavior of the model regarding the dependence of the equilibrium distribution on population size, convergence time, and the effect of biased nodes is presented.
Non-Biological (Fictive Kin and Othermothers): Embracing the Need for a Culturally Appropriate Pedigree Nomenclature in African-American Families.

Although the Family Health History (FHH) is the most cost-effective tool in the staratification of disense risk, it is not designed to collect information from non-biological family members (NBFM). Significant NBFM, defined as “fictive kin and othermothers,” tend to play a major role in the transmission of culture, health promotion, and decision-making; yet, their influence cannot be captured using the standard FHH. Participants attending the National Black Nurses Association (NBNA) 2012 genetic workshop were divided into groups to role-play FHH. All participants (N = 50) indicated difficulties with the standard FHH, ranking collection of sensitive data as the number 1 challenge. Consequently, a new symbol was developed with support from NBNA genetics workshop participants. Having such a symbol afforts an apportunity for inclusion of all NBFM to help guide risk-specific recommendations for disense management, prevention, and health promotion of common chronic diseases. This report will describe the process, presentation, and adoption of the symbol.
The effect of trimethaphan camphorsulfonate on the human digital circulation.

The effect of l-norepinephrine (NE) infusion on the digital circulation was studied in four groups of patients: normotensive subjects prepared by indirect heating supplemented by (a) intravenous 2,6-dimethyl,-1-diethyl piperidinium bromide (SC-1950) or (b) by intravenous trimethaphan camphorsulfonate (TMCS); and hypertensive subjects prepared in the same way, the supplementing drug again being either (c) SC-1950 or (d) TMCS. Less NE was required in the normotensive groups to produce a given degree of vasoconstriction when TMCS was the supplementing drug. The same effect was probably true of the hypertensive groups although this could not be demonstrated statistically from these data. This effect of TMCS cannot be satisfactorily accounted for by the liberation of histamine or by more efficient vasodilatation but is probably attributable to direct peripheral blockade by the drug of the entrance of NE into neural stores.
Differential diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases and T-wave alternans

T wave alternans (TWA) is the variation of the T-wave in electrocardiogram that is observed between periodic beats. TWA is one of the important precursors used to diagnose sudden cardiac death (SCD). Several clinical studies have tried to determine the significance of using TWA analysis to detect abnormalities that may lead to Ventricular Arrhythmias, as well as establish metrics to perform risk stratification for cardiovascular patients with prior cardiac episodes. The statistical significance of TWA in predicting ventricular arrhythmias has been established in patients across several diagnoses. Studies have also shown the significance of the predictive value of TWA analysis in post myocardial infarction patients, risk of SCD, congestive heart failure, ischemic cardiomyopathy, and Chagas disease.
Social Vulnerability to Natural Hazards in Brazil

Although social vulnerability has recently gained attention in academic studies, Brazil lacks frameworks and indicators to assess it for the entire country. Social vulnerability highlights differences in the human capacity to prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters. It varies over space and time, and among and between social groups, largely due to differences in socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. This article provides a social vulnerability index (SoVI®) replication study for Brazil and shows how SoVI® concepts and indicators were adapted to the country. SoVI® Brazil follows the place-based framework adopted in the Social Vulnerability Index initially developed for the United States. Using a principal component analysis (PCA), 45 city-level indicators were reduced to 10 factors that explain about 67 % of the variance in the data. Clearly identified spatial patterns showed a concentration of the most socially vulnerable cities in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, as well as the social vulnerability of metropolitan areas and state capitals in the South and Southeast regions. The least vulnerable cities are mainly concentrated in the inland regions of the Southeast. Although different factors contribute to the social vulnerability in each city, the overall results confirm the social and economic disparities among Brazilian’s regions and reflect a differential vulnerability to natural hazards at local to regional scales.
Functionalism, Darwinism, and advances in the psychology of women and gender: From the 19th century to the 21st:

Response to commentaries on “Functionalism, Darwinism, and the Psychology of Women: A Study in Social Myth” is organized around three themes and a question. The first theme is the importance of knowing the history of the study of women, gender, and sexuality. Second is the importance of what might be called “positive gatekeepers,” those in our field who have some degree of power or who may be better positioned to support our endeavors or be in a position to open doors to professional advancement. Third is a core feature of feminist psychology: The importance of acknowledging the ways in which social values are inherent in the research process. Taken together, these themes raise for me an important question to reflect upon: Where do we, as feminist psychologists, wish to have influence?
Toward a theory of subcultural mosaic: Fragmentation into and within subcultures:

We present an integrated and more nuanced analysis of the observed tendency toward eclectic, fragmented, and paradoxical subcultures in contemporary society. Through a critical ethnographic approach, we investigate the factors contributing to the motives that impel people to seek subcultural membership, which leads to fragmentation. We interview people who are avid participants of music-based subcultures. Findings reveal that subcultural antagonism and identity politics are the two factors guiding fragmentation into subcultures in contemporary society. People seek solace in membership in multiple subcultures since each subculture provides a distinct escape from different oppressions perceived in the mainstream. This cultivates the impetus for fragmentation within subcultures. Subcultural fragmentation is voluntary, resistive, and subversive. The constant fragmentation and the multiplicity and fluidity of subcultural memberships give rise to what we call a radical subcultural mosaic referring to eclectic s...
Evaluating brain death with positron emission tomography: case report on dynamic imaging of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose activity after intravenous bolus injection

A dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) study of the head was performed over 1 hour after the intravenous bolus administration of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) to a 18-year-old patient with the clinical diagnosis of brain death. This dynamic PET study was performed on the seventh day after a severe posttraumatic closed-head injury. No intracerebral uptake or retention of tracer was noted, consistent with a diffuse absence of brain metabolism. A small amount of tracer was noted to slowly rise over time within the sagittal sinus, indicating that visualization of sagittal sinuses on technetium 99m-diethylene-triaminepentaacetic acid planar images could provide a falsely negative scintigraphic evaluation for the presence of brain death. It is concluded that PET FDG imaging may be a useful technique in evaluating patients for brain death.
Marital and Sexual Counseling in the Orthodox Jewish Community

AbstractThis paper discusses the relationship of the Jewish Family Laws to the Orthodox Jewish marriage. From the onset of a woman's menstrual period until ritual immersion in a “Mikveh” (ritual bath), sexual contact is prohibited between husband and wife. Although one might be tempted to attribute marital and sexual difficulties solesly to observance of these laws, to do so would be a mistake. The problems encountered in the Orthodox community are not different from those seen in the general population. However, the particular manifestations and settings of these problems often reflect the individuals' understanding or misunderstanding of the Family Laws.
The Hollow Hierarchy: Problems of Command and Control in the Provisional IRA

The Provisional IRA has often been characterized as a hierarchical terrorist group, particularly by proponents of the ‘new’ terrorist concept’. However, this does not adequately describe the reality of decision-making within the Provisional IRA. From the very beginning, important operational choices were made by PIRA volunteers at local level, without significant input from the senior leaders of the group. Despite a series of organizational reforms that were designed to reign in local volunteers, the leadership of the Provisional IRA was often unable to exercise effective command and control over rank-and-file members of the group.
David Thomas, Simon Fowler, and Valerie Johnson. The Silence of the Archive . London: Facet Publishing. 2017. 187p. $80.00 (ISBN 978-1783301553).

In Silence of the Archive , Thomas, Fowler, and Johnson present the case that archives do not, and cannot, provide a complete historical record by looking at gaps, or “silences,” relative to the contents of archives. There are limits to what archives can provide, something that a researcher or casual user may not know. This book helps shed light on the silences, enforced and otherwise, that occur within archives.
Comments on ‘Causality Requirements and the Theory of Relativity’

Perhaps the most important point made in Havas’ paper is his emphasis on the need for theoretical physics to come to terms with the full implications of the theory of relativity; and, indeed, to achieve a much better understanding of just what those implications are.
Gas-Phase Electron-Impact Activation of Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) Precursors: MeCpPtMe3

The use of gas-phase electron-impact activation of metalorganic complexes to facilitate atomic layer depositions (ALD) was tested for the case of (methylcyclopentadienyl)Pt(IV) trimethyl (MeCpPtMe3) on silicon oxide films. Uptake enhancements of more than 1 order of magnitude were calculated from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data. On the basis of the measured C:Pt ratios, the surface species were estimated to mainly consist of MeCpPt moieties, likely because of the prevalent formation of [MeCpPtMex–nH]+ ions after gas-phase ionization (as determined by mass spectrometry). Counterintuitively, more extensive adsorption was observed on thick SiO2 films than on the native thin SiO2 film that forms on Si(100) wafers, despite the former having virtually no surface OH groups. The adsorption of MeCpPt fragments on silicon oxide surfaces was determined by density functional theory (DFT) calculations to be highly exothermic and to favor attachment to Si–O–Si bridge sites.
Mach Five to Ten Morphing Waverider: Control Point Study

To determine the capability of a morphing hypersonic waverider, this paper develops an optimal morphing control scheme to quantify the impact that the representative morphing error has on aerodynam...
Technical note: Bimodality in mesospheric OH rotational population distributions and implications for temperature measurements

Abstract. Emissions from the OH Meinel bands are routinely used to determine rotational temperatures that are considered proxies for the kinetic temperature near the mesopause region. Previous observations determined OH rotational temperatures that show a dependence on the vibrational level, with the temperature rising overall as the OH vibrational quantum number v increases. The source of this trend is not well understood and has generally been attributed to deviations from thermodynamic equilibrium. This technical note demonstrates that the existence of bimodal OH rotational population distributions is an inherent feature of rotational relaxation in gases and can provide an explanation for the previously reported temperature trend. The use of only a few lines from rotational transitions involving low rotational quantum numbers to determine rotational temperatures does not account for the bimodality of the OH rotational population distributions and leads to systematic errors overestimating the OH rotational temperature. This note presents selected examples, discusses the relevant implications, and considers strategies that could lead to more reliable OH rotational temperature determination.
The New Progressive Federalism: Common Benefits, State Constitutional Rights, and Democratic Political Action

ABSTRACTIn 1776, a group of political outsiders in Pennsylvania seized control of the convention and drafting process to create a robustly democratic and class-conscious state constitution. These c...
Thai Traditional Medicinal Theory and Cognitive Decline

This chapter aims to explain Thai Traditional Medicine as it is practiced in northern Thailand, and how healers in this part of the country treat cognitive impairment in the elderly. Many of the foundations of northern Thai Traditional medicine are the same as in the Royal Tradition that is documented in central Thailand, but differences can be found in both the spirituality and plant use of healers in the north. Spirituality is infused into Thai Traditional Medicine on a number of levels in theory and in practice. Supernatural causes of disease are accepted as an explanation for illness in northern Thailand. Many of the plants used as medicine by northern healers are found in the upland areas characteristic of the northern terrain.
Secure Outdoor Smart Parking Using Dual Mode Bluetooth Mesh Networks

Efficient parking lot automation continues to be a focal point of smart city initiatives. Most existing unattended parking lots suffer from a lack of seamless automation, instead deploying ticketing and payment at ingress and egress points or other systems with heavy user involvement that often form bottlenecks. Similarly, many lots use per-space sensing with expensive networking and power requirements simply to determine space occupancy. Parking solutions that are free from the delay caused by this user burden and infrastructure could experience faster occupancy turnover with lower cost. An ongoing challenge in developing seamless parking experiences is the detection and identification of vehicles in parking spaces without the need for complex and expensive per-space occupancy detection technology. We develop a smart parking solution that uses a single low-power wireless radio technology to seamlessly perform parked vehicle localization and transport of sensor data for use by a central management system. Our solution uses a sparse, self-forming network of dual-mode Bluetooth sensors within a parking area to observe the presence of customized authenticated Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) beacons placed in vehicles parked in the lot. Our localization technique is based on radio fingerprinting using Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) values from the beacon, and a random forest machine learning classifier that predicts where the vehicle is parked based on its fingerprint. We implemented our solution in Python on commodity Internet of Things (IoT) hardware and deployed it to a 105 space outdoor parking lot. There, we conducted fingerprinting and prediction experiments. Our results show that our exact-space prediction model evaluates with a high accuracy using radio training data (90.7\% correctly identified), and our in-vehicle tests show a promising result (69.17\% accurate up to and including 3 spaces away), even without employing tuning and data filtering techniques. This encouraging result shows that localization using Bluetooth is a viable means of managing parked vehicles, with great promise for a variety of future parking management applications.
Bladder Inflation Stretch Test Method for Reliability Characterization of Wearable Electronics

The recent development of electronic materials that can maintain electrical performance while undergoing large applied strains have demonstrated potential for use in a new breed of electronic systems. The rapid development of these electronic systems that are flexible, stretchable, and/or wearable necessitates the concurrent development of robust mechanical and electrical test methods to improve their design and reliability. In this paper, one such mechanical test method is discussed in which a stretchable electronic test coupon is mounted onto an inflatable bladder of known geometry to induce multiaxial strains, while in-situ 4-point resistance measurement is employed to assess the device's performance and electromechanical integrity. The material combination of a stretchable screen-printed silver ink cured onto a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) substrate is studied given the proclivity for the use of TPU in wearable devices. A dome-shaped bladder configuration is employed in this work to study the performance of printed conductors under biaxial stretching. Various monotonic and cyclic loading regimes are employed to characterize the fatigue behavior and maximum use conditions of the samples. Volume of water displaced into the bladder during inflation is measured and correlated to the induced multiaxial strains on the mounted devices using 3D digital image correlation. Relationships between resistance and applied multiaxial strains are presented. Experimental results are compared with literature, and plausible extensions of the test method including direct printing on the bladder material are discussed.
Simulation Model and Comparative Analysis of Production Resources in a Modified Assembly Process

This paper demonstrates an approach to evaluating production factors related to schedule and resources based on changes to the production process. A discrete event simulation model was developed to represent a moderately sized, low yield production facility to evaluate different production factors, such as arrival times, number of entities, resource availabilities, and work in process times, compared to the total yield at the production facility. A comparative analysis with cost was performed to determine the effect that varied resources had on the total output to determine the optimal solution to increasing and/or maintaining the production yields of those prior to the changes to the production process. The goal of approaching production based on related factors was to demonstrate the effect that redesigning a product and the related production process has on the production outputs. The results helped to successfully develop a model that is able to provide analytical data to a business case proposal for optimizing production resource allocations. Future research areas were identified for extending this work to additional applications as well as production facility types.
Nitrous Oxide and Methane Dynamics in Woodchip Bioreactors: Effects of Water Level Fluctuations on Partitioning into Trapped Gas Phases.

Woodchip bioreactors (WBRs) are low-cost, passive systems for nonpoint source nitrogen removal at terrestrial–aquatic interfaces. The greenhouse gases nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) can be p...
Bioengineering strategies for gene delivery

Abstract More than 2500 clinical trials involving gene therapy have been recorded worldwide and recently FDA approval was achieved for several gene therapy approaches. Now, one of the focuses could be on furthering the design of appropriate delivery vehicles where local, sustained, and controlled expression of therapeutic nucleic acids and/or proteins can be accomplished. This chapter looks at gene therapies and their delivery strategies in applications of tissue regeneration and disease treatment, focusing on vascular regeneration and neurodegenerative disease. First, an overview of the current clinical outlook of gene therapies and the continuing challenges of spatiotemporal control of release and expression of vector constructs will be given. Second, vector limitations will be reviewed to show the continuing motivation of engineering material strategies for therapeutic gene delivery. Third, a discussion of how both vector and material strategy selection provides greater control over spatiotemporal delivery and expression of the genetic payload will be given. Finally, the chapter will be concluded with the future directions of gene therapies used in conjunction with engineered delivery systems.
Nanodiagnostics to monitor biofilm oxygen metabolism for antibiotic susceptibility testing

In clinical environments, many serious antibiotic-resistant infections are caused by biofilm-forming species. This presents issues when attempting to determine antimicrobial dosing as traditional antibiotic susceptibility tests (ASTs) are typically designed around planktonic bacteria and thus offer information that is not relevant to the biofilm phenotype present in the patient. Even the popular Calgary biofilm device may provide inaccurate minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations (MBICs) and can be time- and material-intensive. In this work, we present a method utilizing oxygen-sensitive nanosensor technology to monitor the oxygen consumption dynamics of living biofilms as they are exposed to antibiotics. We incorporated our nanosensors into biofilms grown from P. aeruginosa strains of varying sensitivity to traditional classes of antibiotics. Through measuring nanosensor response under antibiotic administration we determined the concentrations able to cease biofilm metabolism. This method provides information on the MBIC as well as kinetic response information in a manner that requires fewer materials and is more reflective of biofilm behavior than a traditional AST.
Sampling Kaczmarz Motzkin Method for Linear Feasibility Problems: Generalization & Acceleration

Randomized Kaczmarz (RK), Motzkin Method (MM) and Sampling Kaczmarz Motzkin (SKM) algorithms are commonly used iterative techniques for solving a system of linear inequalities (i.e., $Ax \leq b$). As linear systems of equations represent a modeling paradigm for solving many optimization problems, these randomized and iterative techniques are gaining popularity among researchers in different domains. In this work, we propose a Generalized Sampling Kaczmarz Motzkin (GSKM) method that unifies the iterative methods into a single framework. In addition to the general framework, we propose a Nesterov type acceleration scheme in the SKM method called as Probably Accelerated Sampling Kaczmarz Motzkin (PASKM). We prove the convergence theorems for both GSKM and PASKM algorithms in the $L_2$ norm perspective with respect to the proposed sampling distribution. Furthermore, we prove sub-linear convergence for the Cesaro average of iterates for the proposed GSKM and PASKM algorithms.From the convergence theorem of the GSKM algorithm, we find the convergence results of several well-known algorithms like the Kaczmarz method, Motzkin method and SKM algorithm. We perform thorough numerical experiments using both randomly generated and real-world (classification with support vector machine and Netlib LP) test instances to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methods. We compare the proposed algorithms with SKM, Interior Point Method (IPM) and Active Set Method (ASM) in terms of computation time and solution quality. In the majority of the problem instances, the proposed generalized and accelerated algorithms significantly outperform the state-of-the-art methods.
Active Voltage Balancing of Integrated Modular Drive with Series DC-Link Capacitors

In order to reduce the size and weight of transmission cables, high direct current (DC) bus voltage is desired for electrical machine drives used in the hybrid powertrains of more-electric aircraft (MEA). An integrated modular machine drive (IMMD) with DC-link capacitors connected in series is adopted to break down the supply voltage for each drive unit. With lower electrical stress, partial discharge (PD) risks at high altitudes can be significantly reduced. This paper deals with the challenge of active DC-link voltage balancing control in a megawatt-level integrated modular machine drives. Voltage closed-loop control is developed under the challenges of high electrical frequency and limited switching frequency. The impact of drive unit count and component parameter variations has been investigated, highlighting the design tradeoffs of the IMMD with series DC-link capacitors.
Taking Students on a Strengths Safari: A Multidimensional Pilot Study of School-Based Wellbeing for Young Neurodiverse Children.

There is a robust body of psychological research linking youth mental health and academic achievement. However, students in early childhood are rarely represented in this research, and children with disabilities and/or neurological differences are virtually absent. Thus, the present pilot study explored the effects of a structured psychoeducation program designed to enhance school-based wellbeing (SBWB) for young students who are neurodivergent (ND). This study utilized a quasi-experimental design to investigate the effects of the Student Strengths Safari intervention on (1) students’ self-reported covitality and (2) teacher-rated executive functioning to (3) examine data for evidence of a dual-factor model of SBWB. Two classrooms in a suburban, Mid-Atlantic private school were randomly assigned to the waitlist control group (n = 14) (1st grade) and the intervention group (n = 10) (2nd grade), and quantitative data were analyzed at pretest and posttest to determine intervention outcomes. Key findings produced evidence to support (a) a statistically significant interaction effect for improvements in executive functioning relative to the waitlist control group (p = 0.011), and (b) the utility of a new theoretical dual-factor model to advance SBWB for ND students in early elementary education.
Pushing Forward the Future Tense: Perspectives of a Scientist

This review is a somewhat chronological tale of my scientific life, emphasizing the why of the questions we asked in the lab and lessons learned that may be of value to nascent scientists. The read...
Genetic profiling of human bone marrow and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells reveals differences in osteogenic signaling mediated by graphene.

Background In the last decade, graphene surfaces have consistently supported osteoblast development of stem cells, holding promise as a therapeutic implant for degenerative bone diseases. However, until now no study has specifically examined the genetic changes when stem cells undergo osteogenic differentiation on graphene. Results In this study, we provide a detailed overview of gene expressions when human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from either adipose tissue (AD-MSCs) or bone marrow (BM-MSCs), are cultured on graphene. Genetic expressions were measured using osteogenic RT2 profiler PCR arrays and compared either over time (7 or 21 days) or between each cell source at each time point. Genes were categorized as either transcriptional regulation, osteoblast-related, extracellular matrix, cellular adhesion, BMP and SMAD signaling, growth factors, or angiogenic factors. Results showed that both MSC sources cultured on low oxygen graphene surfaces achieved osteogenesis by 21 days and expressed specific osteoblast markers. However, each MSC source cultured on graphene did have genetically different responses. When compared between each other, we found that genes of BM-MSCs were robustly expressed, and more noticeable after 7 days of culturing, suggesting BM-MSCs initiate osteogenesis at an earlier time point than AD-MSCs on graphene. Additionally, we found upregulated angiogenic markers in both MSCs sources, suggesting graphene could simultaneously attract the ingrowth of blood vessels in vivo. Finally, we identified several novel targets, including distal-less homeobox 5 (DLX5) and phosphate-regulating endopeptidase homolog, X-linked (PHEX). Conclusions Overall, this study shows that graphene genetically supports differentiation of both AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs but may involve different signaling mechanisms to achieve osteogenesis. Data further demonstrates the lack of aberrant signaling due to cell-graphene interaction, strengthening the application of specific form and concentration of graphene nanoparticles in bone tissue engineering.
THE BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CARRIER-BOUND METHOTREXATE

From antiquity mankind has attempted to soothe ailments and control bodity functions with palliatives which usually on closer examination have contained some form of chemical compound. Examples include the use of laudanum and opiates for upset stomachs, the somewhat gross medieval use of leeches, which secrete fluids now known to contain heparin, to alleviate bloodflow problems, the discovery during the past century of the anesthetic properties of halogenated hydrocarbons, and the bacteriocidal properties of phenols, the more current usage of sulfonamides, tetracyclines, penicillins and other antibiotics, and presently the use of specific antimetabolites to control or quell aberrant enzymatic activity. Throughout this long period of development one can perceive the achievement of greater purity of the particular chemical compound or drug, greater understanding of its specific action, and a clearer delineation of the function it is being asked to perform.
Glucose Transporter Type 1 Deficiency Syndrome with Carbohydrate-Responsive Symptoms but without Epilepsy.

Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1-DS) is caused by a defect in glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier. The main symptoms are epilepsy, developmental delay, movement disorders, and deceleration of head circumference. A ketogenic diet has been shown to be effective in controlling epilepsy in GLUT1-DS. We report a female child (3 y 4 mo) who presented with delayed psychomotor development and frequent episodes of staggering, impaired vigilance, and vomiting that resolved promptly after food intake. Electroencephalography was normal. The cerebrospinal fluid-blood glucose ratio was 0.42 (normal ≥ 0.45). GLUT1-DS was confirmed by molecular genetic testing, which showed a novel de novo heterozygous mutation in the SLC2A1 gene (c.497_499delTCG, p.VAL166del). Before starting a ketogenic diet, the child's cognitive development was tested using the Snijders-Oomen Non-Verbal Intelligence Test, which revealed a heterogeneous intelligence profile with deficits in her visuomotor skills and spatial awareness. Her motor development was delayed. Three months after introducing a ketogenic diet, she showed marked improvement in speech and motor development, as tested by the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (manual dexterity 16th centile, ball skills 1st centile, static and dynamic balance 5th centile). This case demonstrates that GLUT1-DS should be investigated in individuals with unexplained developmental delay. Epilepsy is not a mandatory symptom. The ketogenic diet is also beneficial for non-epileptic symptoms in GLUT1-DS.
Misappropriation of Shuar Traditional Knowledge (TK) and Trade Secrets: A Case Study on Biopiracy in the Amazon

Where the murkiness of biopiracy as a general matter leaves little room for legal theory to anchor, the relative clarity of specific instances of biopiracy may provide sufficient factual information from which to develop appropriate legal theories. In particular, the way biopiracy has been used to misappropriate the traditional knowledge (TK) of the Shuar Nation of Ecuador suggests that there may be legal theories for which the process of misappropriation may give rise to liability under international law as well as under developments in the domestic laws of the United States and Ecuador. The possible efficacy and legal coherence of any such theory are dependent upon an understanding of the background of the problem of biopiracy, the general and specific methods used by biopirates, and a clarification of the nature of the interests in question as misappropriated property.
Chapter 22 Lipids and atherosclerosis

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the properties and activities of many of the lipids that occur in atherosclerotic lesions with an emphasis on their roles in lesion development and progression. The primary event in atherogenesis is cholesterol deposition in the arterial wall. The effects of anti-oxidants in both humans and animal models have yielded conflicting results; therefore, further understanding of the molecular basis of lipid synthesis and catabolism, and of the action of bioactive lipids in cells, will help in the design of improved in vivo models. The most important of these lipids include cholesterol, oxidized phospholipids and fatty acids, oxysterols, and sphingolipid derivatives. The mechanism and consequences of macrophage and smooth muscle cell lipid accumulation, particularly cholesteryl ester and free cholesterol accumulation, represent fundamental areas in lesional cell biology that require further investigation. New advances in genomics and proteomics have aided in these efforts and will increasingly do so.
Cell division, differentiation, and death in avian embryos.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes methods for studying cell death, proliferation, and differentiation in chicken embryos. The development of any organism is controlled precisely by a coordinated set of patterning, proliferation, survival, and differentiation signals. The study of these events has progressed from careful cytological studies to more sophisticated use of antibodies and enzymatic markers. Each technique has built on previous observations and improves specificity and sensitivity of analysis. The development of multiple antibodies that is specific for cell proliferation and cell death detection, combined with markers for progenitor and mature cell types, allow for a great deal of information to be gleaned from developing chick embryos, both as whole mount and in sections. Cell death is an important part of normal development, as demonstrated by abnormal phenotypes seen when cell death is misregulated. Among other places, developmental cell death is needed for the normal development of the brain, for sculpting tissues such as the digits, as well as pruning the number of sensory neurons to match the field of innervation. The total number of cells in a tissue or culture system is a product of the combination of cell survival and proliferation.
Phase II study of carboxyamidotriazole in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma refractory to immunotherapy: E4896, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study.

BACKGROUND The current study evaluated the response rate and 6-month time to disease progression of the antiangiogenesis agent carboxyamidotriazole (CAI) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS Fifty-seven patients with histologically confirmed metastatic RCC that progressed after biologic therapy (interferon or interleukin-2) were enrolled. Four patients were ineligible. CAI was administered orally as a 28-day cycle. Response and time to disease progression were evaluated. RESULTS Fifteen of 53 eligible patients received > 5 cycles, but 13 patients eventually discontinued treatment because of progressive disease. The majority of toxicities were Grade 1. However, Grade 3/4 toxicities did occur, the majority of which were gastrointestinal in nature. One of 47 patients evaluable achieved a partial response (1.9%) lasting 172 days. Six of 53 patients were alive and disease progression free at 6 months from the start of treatment (11.3%). The median overall survival was 12.5 months. The survival periods in the low-risk, intermediate-risk, and poor-risk groups were 16.2 months, 20.9 months, and 5.8 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Patients in trials of second-line therapy appear to have a better prognosis than previously considered, in part because they are eligible for another clinical trial. CAI was found to have little to no effect on the natural history of progressive RCC. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Cybersecurity Competitions: The Human Angle

As a first step in a larger research program, the authors surveyed Cybersecurity Awareness Week participants. By better understanding the characteristics of those who attend such events, they hope to design competitions that will inspire students to pursue cybersecurity careers.
Literacy profiles of at‐risk young adults enrolled in career and technical education

A latent profile analysis of 323 economically and academically at-risk adolescent and young adult learners yielded two classes: an average literacy class (92%) and a low literacy class (8%). The class profiles significantly differed in their word reading and math skills, and in their processing speeds and self-reported learning disabilities. The class profiles did not significantly differ in their language comprehension and cognitive processing/working memory abilities. These findings suggest targeted instructional interventions to overcome deficits, leading to overall improvements in literacy and numeracy among this important population.
Wide-field Raman imaging of dental lesions

Detection of dental caries at the onset remains as a great challenge in dentistry. Raman spectroscopy could be successfully applied towards detecting caries since it is sensitive to the amount of Raman active mineral crystals, the most abundant component of enamel. Effective diagnosis requires full examination of a tooth surface via Raman mapping. Point-scan Raman mapping is not clinically relevant (feasible) due to lengthy data acquisition time. In this work, a wide-field Raman imaging system was assembled based on a high-sensitivity 2D CCD camera for imaging the mineralization status of teeth with lesions. Wide-field images indicated some lesions to be hypomineralized and others to be hypermineralized. The observations of wide-field Raman imaging were in agreement with point-scan Raman mapping. Therefore, sound enamel and lesions can be discriminated by Raman imaging of the mineral content. In conclusion, wide-field Raman imaging is a potentially useful tool for visualization of dental lesions in the clinic.