cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Of pumpkin spice lattes and hamplanets: The venting genre as support and subversion on Reddit’s r/FatPeopleStories

Abstract The present study establishes what comprises the genre of venting as opposed to ranting and how venting functions within the Reddit community Fat People Stories. In this subreddit, users compose either real or fictional narratives describing encounters with people of size who are perceived to exhibit rude behavior. Given the sensitive nature of these discussions, they are often fraught with negative emotional expression, and individuals seek a variety of outlets to release these emotions and find commiseration and diversion. An analytical corpus of 45,867 words across ten posts and corresponding comment sections was gathered and analyzed using Askehave and Nielsen’s (2005) two-dimensional genre model and supplemented with discourse analysis of the individual texts. As the study explores how venting unfolds in a digitally mediated environment, insights gained can have implications for how humans sort through negative emotions in face-to-face communication, and, more specifically, for discourse surrounding public health and body weight.
Factors Underlying Inefficient Movement in Learning Disabled Children

Publisher Summary This chapter presents evidence to support the view that several mechanisms or processes underlie the poor motor performance of learning disabled children and that through the investigation of their performance on specific motor tasks; these factors can be elucidated and placed within a framework from which the disability is viewed. The advantage of investigating motor tasks is that they can be made relatively free of the influence of prior experience and thus cut across language and cultural barriers. Due to the heterogenous nature of population, it becomes necessary to limit the discussion to identifiable subgroups of learning disabled (LD) children. The approaches exemplify mechanistic models of development where the organism is reactive, inherently at rest, and active only as a result of external forces.
Transplantation with anti-B1 monoclonal antibody and complement treated autologous bone marrow for relapsed B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Despite significant advances in the treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), the majority of patients still succumb to the disease [1–6]. For the poor prognosis (high grade) large cell lymphomas, the cure rate with intensive chemotherapeutic regimens appears to be in the range of 30–50% [1,2,4–6]. In contrast, patients with relapsed NHL are rarely, if ever, cured by second-line therapeutics. To improve survival, one promising approach is the use of intensive multi-modality therapy which has the limiting toxicity of myelosuppression. To protect against myelotoxicity, infusion of isologous or autologous bone marrow has been used. Several small series have suggested that this approach can induce long lasting remissions in approximately 25% of patients with relapsed NHL [7–11].
Environmentally Induced Transitions in Fatigue Fracture Mode

The introduction of various gaseous species into the test environment can have significant effects on fatigue crack propagation. This is usually noted as an increase in crack propagation rate in the aggressive environmentcompared to the baseline data. In this investigation fatigue crack propagation has been conducted in low pressure gaseous environments such as hydrogen and oxygen and a vacuum of 1 × 10 - 8 torr as reference for several iron and nickel base alloys and a titanium alloy. Other variables investigated include stress intensity level and temperature. Scanning electron fractography and replica fractography have been used to characterize the resulting failure mode. Fracture morphology varies from ductile transgranular fracture in vacuum for all materials to brittle intergranular fracture for some of the nickel base alloys in hydrogen gas. Transitions in failure mode caused by oxygen gas and less severe cases of hydrogen embrittlement are more subtle. In some cases the transition in failure mode can be correlated with indications of changes in deformation mode. It is proposed that this transition in deformation mode is the result of an interaction between the adsorbed gas atoms and mobile dislocations within the plastically deforming region at the crack tip.
Efficacy and safety of therapeutic ERCP in patients with cirrhosis: a large multicenter study

Background and Aims Patients with cirrhosis may be less than optimal candidates for ERCP because of underlying ascites, coagulopathy, encephalopathy, and other problems. Although the risks of surgery in patients with cirrhosis are well known, few data are available regarding ERCP in patients with cirrhosis. We performed a retrospective, multicenter study of ERCP in patients with cirrhosis to evaluate outcomes, efficacy, and safety. Methods Multicenter retrospective study. Results A total of 538 ERCP procedures were performed on 328 patients with cirrhosis. A total of 229 patients had Child-Pugh (CP) class A, 229 patients had CP class B, and 80 patients had CP class C. Thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy were corrected before ERCP. The 30-day, procedure-related adverse events included post-ERCP pancreatitis (n = 25, 4.6%: 21 mild, 3 moderate, 1 severe), hemorrhage (n = 6, 1.1%), cholangitis (n = 15, 2.8%), perforation (n = 2, 0.4%), aspiration pneumonia (n = 5, 0.9%), bile leakage (n = 1, 0.2%), cholecystitis (n = 1, 0.2%), and death (n = 1, 0.2%). There was a higher incidence of adverse events in patients with CP class B and C disease when compared with those with CP class A disease (11.4%, 11.3%, and 6.1%, respectively; P = .048). There was no correlation between the risk of significant hemorrhage and the presence of coagulopathy or CP class, even in those who underwent a sphincterotomy. The presence of poorly controlled encephalopathy correlated with a higher overall adverse event rate ( P = .003). Sub-analysis revealed that patients without primary sclerosing cholangitis had a significantly higher overall rate of adverse events, pancreatitis, bleeding, and cardiopulmonary adverse events after ERCP when compared with those with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Conclusions Our study was performed on a large series of patients with cirrhosis undergoing ERCP. Overall, the adverse events seen in patients with cirrhosis are similar to those seen in the general population of patients undergoing ERCP, although patients with CP classes B and C have higher adverse event rates compared with those with CP class A. Patients with cirrhosis without primary sclerosing cholangitis had significantly greater adverse event rates when compared with patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Chronic urinary infections: Efficacy of neomycin sulfate during cystography and cystometry

Abstract Two groups of paraplegic and quadriplegic patients were evaluated with cystographic and cystometric examinations. Contrast solutions contained neomycin sulfate (Neosporin G.U. Irrigant) in Group II. No prophylactic systemic antibiotic was used in either group, and patients were observed for septic responses. In Group I, 10 per cent of the patients exhibited febrile responses while in Group II (patients on neomycin sulfate) none became septic.
Femtosecond Raman-Induced Kerr-Effect Study of Polar Solvent Dynamics: Amides

We have measured the ultrafast pure solvent dynamics of highly polar liquids, formamide (FA), N-methylformamide (NMF), N-methylacetamide (NMA), N-methylpropionamide (NMP) and N,N’-dimethylformamide (DMF) using femtosecond optical-heterodyne-detected Raman-induced Kerr effect spectroscopy (OHD-RIKES). The effects of deuteration and temperature-dependence were studied to characterize in detail both the inertial (or non-diffusive) and diffusive intermolecular motions in these liquids.
An Operational Semantics and Compiler for Real-Time Specifications

The Modechart specification language is a formalism for the specification and implementation of real-time systems. This paper presents the semantics for Modechart in an operational style and a compiler for automatically synthesizing specifications. Modechart adopts the synchronous model of concurrency and broadcast of events, which also assumes instantaneous response to environment inputs. The formal syntax of Modechart is introduced first, followed by the semantics for the class of deterministic specifications, followed by the definition of the non-deterministic semantics. The semantics introduced is shown to be equivalent to the original semantics defined in Real-Time Logic. We argue that the operational semantics provides a more computational approach to the semantics as well as a more intuitive, modular, yet precise, reference manual for the language. This semantics offers insight into the language and serves as a foundation for future work based on the language. We show how the semantics (for deterministic programs) naturally derives a Modechart compiler, which provides automatic synthesis of formal specifications. An extension to the compiler presented provides support for a fragment of the non-deterministic specifications which occur often in practice. We characterize this class and show how it can be used in automatic code generation for engineering real-time applications.
Cloning and promoter identification of the iron-regulated cir gene of Escherichia coli.

Abstract The cir gene, which encodes the colicin I receptor protein and is regulated by both cellular iron content and growth temperature, was cloned into a multicopy-number plasmid. Physical mapping and complementation analysis established the position of cir between mgl and nfo on the Escherichia coli chromosome. A gene encoding a 32,000-dalton polypeptide was located downstream of and adjacent to cir, but did not appear to be part of the same transcriptional unit. A 525-base-pair fragment from the 5' end of the 1.8-kilobase-pair receptor-coding region directed iron-regulated transcription and translation of a hybrid cir-lacZ gene. Two overlapping promoters were identified by determination of the transcriptional start sites and by sequence analysis. A small open reading frame (120 nucleotides) of unknown significance preceded the receptor-coding sequence. Examination of the amino acid sequence of the receptor purified from the outer membrane revealed that the gene product was processed by removal of a signal peptide and that the mature form had an amino acid sequence near its amino terminus which closely resembled that of several other TonB-dependent proteins.
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON FLOWERS.

This paper is concerned with the opening and closing processes in the flowers of Crocus and Tulipa. As is well known from the work of Pfeffer, the flowers of Crocus and Tulipa are only slightly photonastic. They are, however, extremely thermonastic. As regards this thermonastic response Crocus is much more sensitive than Tulipa. In the case of Crocus, the temperature may be so low that the flowers cannot open, yet the flowers may develop fully, nevertheless. Thus Pfeffer found that in temperatures below 8° C. the flowers developed but did not open. He found that the flowers of some Crocus plants opened to an extent with fluctuations of only 0.5° C. He made this thermonastic movement more evident by means of a fine silver wire which projected beyond the flower division and which was fastened to the latter by means of lacquer. Others have found that a very fine glass capillary will serve this purpose equally well. My experiments show that the flowers of one species of Crocus are capable of responding to a somewhat smaller temperature change than 0.5° C. This is the case with the flowers of Crocus vernus which has been found to
Thoracoscopy for diagnosis of intrathoracic lesions in children

Disenchantment with available techniques for specific diagnosis of intrathoracic pulmonary lesions in children has led us to explore the usefulness of thoracoscopy. We have performed this technique in nine patients ranging in age from 17 mo to 16 yr. The procedure is performed under intravenous anesthesia with the patient spontaneously breathing oxygen. A fiberoptic rod lens system is employed for the direct observation and biopsy of pulmonary parenchymal or chest wall lesions. Adequate tissue has been obtained in each case to allow a specific diagnosis. There has been no mortality from this procedure and only minor morbidity. We believe that this technique offers a rapid and simple method for the diagnosis of diffuse or localized disease of pulmonary parenchyma or chest wall in children.
Beta-gamma directional correlations in 58Co, 141Ce and 110mAg

Abstract Beta-gamma directional correlations for the 485, 435 and 530 keV beta groups in 58 Co, 141 Ce and 110m Ag, respectively, were measured with a magnetic spectrometer and were found to be isotropic in each case.
Quality Measures In The Processing Of High-Contrast Images

The use of image quality measures in the design of processing algorithms and equipment is a difficult task. Realistic and useful images are complex and far from the threshold conditions under which psychophysical measurements and models are obtained. For a class of processing algorithms, the image distortion is actually proportional to the image contrast. For these algorithms it appears possible to determine a worst case image and to establish fairly simple quality criteria. The basic components of such a quality measure are discussed and examples of application given.© (1980) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Post-treatment depressive symptoms and relapse to drug use in different age groups of an alcohol and other drug abuse population.

Abstract The prevalence of relapse to alcohol or other drug use and prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms were measured cross-sectionally in different age groups of alcohol and drug abusers at one, six, and twelve months post-discharge. Relapse rates increased over time since discharge for all age groups (17–29, 30–39, 40–49, and 50+ years). However, no differential effect of age was found on relapse rates at each of the three post-discharge intervals. Rates of depressive symptoms increased over time since discharge only for the youngest age group. Mean depressive symptom scores increased over time since discharge only for the 17–29 and 50+ age groups. There were significant differences between age groups in rates of depressive symptoms at six and twelve months post-discharge and on mean depressive symptom scores at one, six and twelve months post-discharge. In addition, for abstinent and for relapsed subjects, there were significant differences between age groups in rates of depressive symptoms and mean depressive symptom scores. Higher rates of depressive symptoms were found in relapsed than abstinent subjects at the younger ages (17–29 and 30–39 years), with mean depressive symptom scores being higher for relapsed than abstinent subjects in all age groups.
Two Major Autoantibody Clusters in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease of complex clinical presentation and etiology and is likely influenced by numerous genetic and environmental factors. While a large number of susceptibility genes have been identified, the production of antibodies against a distinct subset of nuclear proteins remains a primary distinguishing characteristic in disease diagnosis. However, the utility of autoantibody biomarkers for disease sub-classification and grouping remains elusive, in part, because of the difficulty in large scale profiling using a uniform, quantitative platform. In the present study serological profiles of several known SLE antigens, including Sm-D3, RNP-A, RNP-70k, Ro52, Ro60, and La, as well as other cytokine and neuronal antigens were obtained using the luciferase immunoprecipitation systems (LIPS) approach. The resulting autoantibody profiles revealed that 88% of a pilot cohort and 98% of a second independent cohort segregated into one of two distinct clusters defined by autoantibodies against Sm/anti-RNP or Ro/La autoantigens, proteins often involved in RNA binding activities. The Sm/RNP cluster was associated with a higher prevalence of serositis in comparison to the Ro/La cluster (P = 0.0022). However, from the available clinical information, no other clinical characteristics were associated with either cluster. In contrast, evaluation of autoantibodies on an individual basis revealed an association between anti-Sm (P = 0.006), RNP-A (P = 0.018) and RNP-70k (P = 0.010) autoantibodies and mucocutaneous symptoms and between anti-RNP-70k and musculoskeletal manifestations (P = 0.059). Serologically active, but clinically quiescent disease also had a higher prevalence of anti-IFN-α autoantibodies. Based on our findings that most SLE patients belong to either a Sm/RNP or Ro/La autoantigen cluster, these results suggest the possibility that alterations in RNA-RNA-binding protein interactions may play a critical role in triggering and/or the pathogenesis of SLE.
Covariance of plasma free 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethyleneglycol and diastolic blood pressure

Abstract To test the acute effects of clonidine on plasma levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethyleneglycol (MHPG), the major metabolite of brain norepinephrine (NE), and to examine the relationship between plasma MHPG and concurrently measured blood pressure variables, we performed a series of 31 double blind, placebo controlled, test days in which clonidine (1 and 5 μg/kg) or placebo was administered (p.o. at 9:00 a.m.) to six fasting normotensive male subjects. Three h following the 5 μg/kg clonidine dose, plasma MHPG reached a nadir significantly below both baseline and placebo levels (P
Identification of new metabolites of phosphoramide and nor-nitrogen mustards and cyclophosphamide in rat urine using ion cluster techniques

The metabolism of nor-nitrogen (NNM) and phosphoramide mustards (PM) and cyclophosphamide (CP) was investigated in the Sprague-Dawley rat using chemical ionization mass spectrometry and ion cluster techniques. Following administrations of a 1:1 mixture of the non-labeled and the corresponding side-chain deuterium-labeled compounds to separate rats, the urinary extracts were screened for cluster ions which were characteristic of the administered compounds and their derived metabolites, and on this basis, tentative identifications of known and new metabolites were accomplished. Combining derivatization, deuterium labeling on strategic locations, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and chemical synthesis in some cases, 3-(2-chloroethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one was identified as a major metabolite for NNM, PM and CP and 3-(2-chloroethyl)-4-hydroxy-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one was identified as a major metabolite for NNM and PM, but a minor metabolite for CP. A new dechlorinated metabolite for CP, 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one, was also identified.
Characteristics of successful alcoholism treatment programs for American workers.

This paper examines the question of determining the component characteristics of successful industrial alcoholism treatment programs by analyzing the findings reported in twenty-four previous studies. The review begins by speaking to methodological problems in comparing reports of treatment outcomes such as comparability of the data measurement problems, and differences in treatment populations. It speaks directly to the importance of coercive and confrontation tactics on the part of management as being necessary to successful identification and referral of problem drinkers in industrial programs. Indeed, the authors conclude that the significance of company identification and referral procedures may play a greater part in rehabilitation than the components of the treatment situation. The paper also describes the unique importance of the industrial setting as having a potentially greater rehabilitative affect than other treatment settings.
Modeling of a New Hydraulic Control System for a Belt-Type Continuously Variable Transmission

A new hydraulic control system for belt-type continuously variable transmissions (CVT) has been devised. The control scheme features a dual-pump configuration with one pump serving as the primary pump, providing minimum clamping pressure to each CVT pulley. The primary pump is also used to meet any additional transmission flow requirements. The second pump creates a pressure differential between the pulleys to generate the clamping-force ratio needed to achieve the desired speed-ratio. The system is designed to minimize ratio-transient flow requirements, allowing the flow capacity of the primary pump to be reduced while also permitting lower operating pressures, hence, improving vehicle fuel economy. The system allows CVT pulley pistons of identical area to be used. This simplifies the design and potentially reduces cost. In this paper, system operation and model-based estimates of fuel-economy gains are discussed and contrasted with existing control schemes.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
EZ to Evolve ZAMS Stars: A Program Derived from Eggleton’s Stellar Evolution Code

"Evolve ZAMS" (EZ) is a code derived from Peter Eggleton's stellar evolution program. The core of EZ is a stripped down, rewritten version of a subset of Eggleton's code, specialized to handle single star evolution from the zero‐age main sequence until forced to stop by an event such as a helium flash or a crystallizing core. The procedure and data interfaces to the program are designed to be easy to use while still providing a wide range of function. EZ is written in Fortran 95 following current programming practices and can be downloaded from the Web at http://theory.kitp.ucsb.edu/~paxton.
Thespesia populnea dermatitis

Background: The allergenic properties of milo wood have not been known before now. Objective: We investigated the wood and elucidated the structure of its main sensitizer. Methods: A bowl turner suffered from allergic contact dermatitis over years. Wood shavings were extracted, and the constituents were isolated, purified, and identified. The sensitizing capacity of the main compound was determined experimentally in guinea pigs. Results: Initially, patch tests with sawdust suspensions and the isolated main constituent were positive. During the course of the study, however, the patient developed tolerance. The main component of milo wood was identified as a new mansonone: 7-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-3,6,9-trimethylnaphtho [1,8 bc] pyran-4,8-dione. In the sensitizing experiments, it showed to be a moderate sensitizer. Conclusion: Extensive and long-lasting exposure to certain sensitizers may cause the phenomenon of hardening as has been shown in the wood working industry.
Natural convection of an electrically conducting fluid in the presence of a magnetic field

Abstract The case of a vertical hot plate surrounded by an electrically conducting fluid is examined in the presence of a magnetic field acting in a direction perpendicular to the induced movement caused by the buoyant forces. It is found that similarity solutions exist, provided that the intensity of the magnetic field changes with the inverse fourth root of the distance measured in the direction of the flow. The resulting differential equations of motion and energy have solutions depending on the Prandtl number, the Grashof number and a non-dimensional third number (say Z ) representing the ratio of the ponderomotive force over the buoyant force. Theoretical asymptotic solutions have been obtained for constant wall temperature in the following cases: 1. (a) Very high Prandtl and small Z numbers. In this case the inertia forces may be neglected. 2. (b) Very high Z numbers regardless of Prandtl numbers. 3. (c) Zero and small Prandtl numbers. Exact solutions obtained by an analogue computer are also reported. It is found that the action of the magnetic field is to decelerate the flow thus decreasing the Nusselt number. For a constant Prandtl number the rate of decrease of the heat transfer coefficient with increasing values of the non-dimensional number Z is higher for smaller values of Z ; on the other hand for the same value of the parameter Z , the rate of decrease of the same coefficient is higher for lower Prandtl numbers. The case of non-similarity solutions is also investigated; the basic differential equations for a constant transverse magnetic field and fields depending on a power of the vertical distance are given. It is found that experiments in the laboratory are feasible since the parameter Z is of the order of one to ten for liquid metals.
Conformational studies of the (+)-trans, (-)-trans, (+)-cis, and (-)-cis adducts of anti-benzo[a]pyrene diolepoxide to N2-dG in duplex oligonucleotides using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and low-temperature fluorescence spectroscopy.

Abstract Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and low-temperature, laser-induced fluorescence line narrowing (FLN) and non-line narrowing (NLN) spectroscopic methods, the conformational characteristics of stereochemically defined and site-specific adducts derived from the binding of 7β,8α-dihydroxy-9α,10α-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[ a ]pyrene ( anti -BPDE, a metabolite of the environmental carcinogen benzo[ a ]pyrene), to DNA were studied. The focus of these studies was on the four stereochemically distinct anti -BPDE modified duplexes 5′-d(CCATCGCTACC) · (GGTAGCGATGG), where G denotes the lesion site derived from trans or cis addition of the exocyclic amino group of guanine to the C10 position of either (+) or (−)- anti -BPDE. PAGE experiments under non-denaturing conditions showed that the (+)- trans adduct causes a significantly greater retardation in the electrophoretic mobility than the other three adducts, probably the result of important adduct-induced distortions of the duplex structure. Low-temperature fluorescence studies in frozen aqueous buffer matrices showed that the (+)- trans adduct adopts primarily an external conformation with only minor interactions with the helix, but a smaller fraction (∼ 25%) appears to exists in a partially base-stacked conformation. The (−)- trans adduct exists almost exclusively (∼ 97%) in an external conformation. Both cis adducts were found to be intercalated; strong electron-phonon coupling observed in their FLN spectra provided additional evidence for significant π-π stacking interactions between the pyrenyl residues and the bases. FLN spectroscopy is shown to be suitable for distinguishing between trans and cis adducts, but lesions with either (+)- or (−)- trans , or (+)- or (−)- cis stereochemical characteristics showed very similar vibrational patterns. Addition of glycerol (50%, v/v) to the matrix caused a partial disruption of the chromophore-base stacking interactions for most adducts, but the (−)- cis isomer showed a strong blue-shift and unusual vibrational frequencies. Low-temperature fluorescence spectroscopy techniques are most suitable for distinguishing between different conformational benzo[ a ]pyrene diol epoxide-DNA adduct types; because of the sensitivity of these methods, they may provide important information necessary for an understanding of the biological effects of the stereochemically distinct BPDE-guanine lesions.
Subjective perception of affixation: A test case from Spanish

Abstract Cross-linguistically, prefixes and suffixes differ in both frequency and in phonological behavior. These differences could plausibly have their source in listeners’ subjective perceptual experiences of prefixes and suffixes, an idea that we pursued using a noise-rating task in Spanish. Participants heard minimally-different Spanish words such as me patea ‘s/he kicks me’ versus pateame ‘kick me’, where the clitic pronoun me behaves phonologically like a prefix versus a suffix, and rated the loudness of white noise overlaid on either the pronoun or the verb stem. Results demonstrated that participants assigned significantly different ratings to noise occurring on prefixes versus suffixes, and on prefixed versus suffixed stems, even when the signal-to-noise ratio remained constant across conditions. That is, listeners’ subjective perceptual experience of the noise differed according to what morpheme type the noise occurred on, suggesting that morphological structure can act as a cognitive variable affecting perceptual clarity.
Non-contact Doppler radar monitoring of cardiorespiratory motion for Siberian Sturgeon

This paper presents the first reported use of Doppler radar to remotely sense heart and ventilation rates of fish. The Radar reported 35 to 40BPM heart rate and 115 to 145BPM ventilation rates for Siberian Sturgeon, with agreement from a video reference. Conventional fish vital signs measurements require invasive surgery and human handling — these are problematic for large scale monitoring, for measuring deep sea fish, and other situations which preclude human interaction with each individual subject. These results show a useful application of radar to augment existing cardiovascular and ventilatory activity sensing techniques and enable monitoring in a wider range of situations.
Feasibility of dissemination of cognitive behavioral therapy to Texas community mental health centers.

State mental health systems are actively seeking to disseminate empirically supported treatment approaches to improve the outcomes of adults with serious mental illnesses. However, many of these interventions have not been studied within public mental health settings. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to be effective for major depression in well-controlled trials, but its effectiveness in public mental health settings is less known. The present study examines the feasibility of dissemination of CBT in the Texas public mental health system. Seven clinicians were trained by a CBT expert and supervised for 5 months, during which time their skills approached competency levels of therapists in randomized controlled trials. Forty clients were treated during the therapists’ training phase, attending an average of ten sessions and experiencing a significant reduction in depressive symptoms. Study results are compared with previously published studies of CBT.
Noninvasive Treatment of Deep Venous Thrombosis Using Pulsed Ultrasound Cavitation Therapy (Histotripsy) in a Porcine Model

Abstract Purpose This study evaluated histotripsy as a noninvasive, image-guided method of thrombolysis in a porcine model of deep vein thrombosis. Histotripsy therapy uses short, high-intensity, focused ultrasound pulses to cause mechanical breakdown of targeted soft tissue by acoustic cavitation, which is guided by real-time ultrasound imaging. This is an in vivo feasibility study of histotripsy thrombolysis. Methods and Materials Acute thrombi were formed in the femoral vein of juvenile pigs weighing 30–40 kg by balloon occlusion with two catheters and thrombin infusion. A 10-cm-diameter 1-MHz focused transducer was used for therapy. An 8-MHz ultrasound imager was used to align the clot with the therapy focus. Therapy consisted of five cycle pulses delivered at a rate of 1 kHz and peak negative pressure between 14 and 19 MPa. The focus was scanned along the long axis of the vessel to treat the entire visible clot during ultrasound exposure. The targeted region identified by a hyperechoic cavitation bubble cloud was visualized via ultrasound during treatment. Results Thrombus breakdown was apparent as a decrease in echogenicity within the vessel in 10 of 12 cases and in 7 cases improved flow through the vein as measured by color Doppler. Vessel histology found denudation of vascular endothelium and small pockets of hemorrhage in the vessel adventitia and underlying muscle and fatty tissue, but perforation of the vessel wall was never observed. Conclusions The results indicate histotripsy has potential for development as a noninvasive treatment for deep vein thrombosis.
Enhanced expression of p53 mRNA and protein in the regressing rat ventral prostate gland.

Abstract Previously, increased expression of mRNA encoding the p53 tumor suppresor protein was described during castration-induced regression of the rat ventral prostate gland with Northern blot techniques. This activity was confirmed with a ribonuclease protection assay that demonstrated a 16-fold induction of p53 transcripts in ventral prostate RNA within 72 hrs after castration. The induced expression of p53 mRNA correlated with increased detection of p53 protein in nuclei of regressing prostate epithelial cells. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-p53 antibody was strongly reactive for epithelial nuclei in castrated glands but unreactive for nuclei of control adult glands. In contrast to the upregulation of p53 in regressing prostate glands with a large proportion of apoptotic cells, expression of p53 mRNA was decreased in rat prostate glands that were stimulated to regrow by testosterone replacement.
Holding potential affects the apparent voltage-sensitivity of sodium channel activation in crayfish giant axons

Sodium channel activations, measured as the fraction of channels open to peak conductance for different test potentials (F[V]), shows two statistically different slopes from holding potential more positive than -90 mV. A high valence of 4–6e is indicated a test potentials within 35 mV of the apparent threshold potential (circa -65 mV at -85 mV holding potential). However, for test potentials positive to -30 mV, the F(V) curve shows a 2e valence. The F(V) curve for crayfish axon sodium channels at these "depolarized" holding potentials thus closely resembles classic data obtained from other preparations at holding potentials between -80 and -60 mV. In contrast, at holding potentials more negative than -100 mV, the high slope essentially disappears and the F(V) curve follows a single Boltzmann distribution with a valence of approximately 2e at all potentials. Neither the slope of this simple distribution nor its midpoint (-20 mV) was significantly affected by removal of fast inactivation with pronase. The change in F(V) slope, when holding potential is increased from -85 to -120 mV, does not appear to be caused by the contribution of a second channel type. The simple voltage dependence of sodium current found at Vh -120 mV be used by to discriminate between models of sodium channel activation, and rules out models with three particles of equal valence.
Nielsen equalizer theory

Abstract We extend the Nielsen theory of coincidence sets to equalizer sets, the points where a given set of (more than 2) mappings agree. On manifolds, this theory is interesting only for maps between spaces of different dimension, and our results hold for sets of k maps on compact manifolds from dimension ( k − 1 ) n to dimension n. We define the Nielsen equalizer number, which is a lower bound for the minimal number of equalizer points when the maps are changed by homotopies, and is in fact equal to this minimal number when the domain manifold is not a surface. As an application we give some results in Nielsen coincidence theory with positive codimension. This includes a complete computation of the geometric Nielsen number for maps between tori.
A supplementary technique of measuring the recreational functions of cities

One of the traditional sources of data available for the interpretation of the relative significance of any facet of the economic structure of urban areas, either within a city, or for purposes of inter‐city comparisons, has been some version of employment data. However, as noted previously, dependence solely on employment data for the identification of recreational functions within cities does not permit objective differentiation of the recreational functions from other personal services. Further, it is incapable of presenting an accurate comparative ranking of resorts whose short peak seasons of activity do not happen to coincide with the date of enumeration chosen for the Census recording of employment (by place of work) or occupation (by place of residence).
The role of psychiatry in the training of primary care physicians

The question of psychiatry's role in medicine, and in particular its role in the training of primary care physicians (PCPs), is heightened by the knowledge that 60% of the 15% of patients who have DSM-III diagnosable alcohol, drug abuse, and mental health (ADM) disorders are seen exclusively in the general health sector. In addition, although PCPs have a low recognition rate of ADM disorders and are pessimistic about their outcome even with treatment, they prescribe the majority of tricyclic and anxiolytic medications. Models of mental health training for PC residents in training are examined, with particular emphasis on competencies taught, pedagogic vehicles, disciplines of the mental health teacher, and the relationship to departments of psychiatry. A computerized approach to assist the mental health training of primary care physicians developed at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine and Northwestern is presented. Finally, critical policy issues with regard to psychiatry's future role in training is described.
Conformational properties of perfluoroalkane chains. VI. Intrinsic viscosity and unperturbed dimensions of poly(decamethylene perfluorosebacate)

Light-scattering and viscosity measurements are reported for fractions of poly(decamethylene perfluorosebacate). Intrinsic viscosity (dL/g) relationships at 25°C are [η] = 1.55 × 10−4Mv0.70 in chloroform and (η) = 8.8 × 10−4Mv0.50 in s-tetrachloroethane. From these data the characteristic ratio is found to be Cθ = 6.3 ± 0.5, indicating that the perfluoroalkane chain is not much more extended than an alkane chain. The solid semicrystalline polymer melts at 45°C, and its x-ray powder pattern suggests a structure different from that of poly(decamethylene sebacate).
Some simple models of cannibalism

Abstract A sequence of mathematical models for a species which engages in cannibalism are investigated. The models treat the species as age-structured, and assume that adults consume the unhatched eggs of their own kind. The McKendrick or von Foerster partial differential equation model is first converted into a set of three coupled, nonlinear ordinary differential equations, and then adjusted to describe cannibalism. Some rather unusual dynamical effects are discovered. These include both a Hopf bifurcation and a catastrophic transition from an asymptotically stable equilibrium point to a stable limit cycle.
Synthesis of extracellular dextran by cariogenic bacteria and its presence in human dental plaque.

Abstract The extracellular polysaccharide synthesized primarily from sucrose by certain human and rodent cariogenic bacteria has been found to be a dextran-like polymer. Maximum quantities of this polysaccharide were synthesized in 10% sucrose broth, and the presence of free glucose or fructose did not markedly repress synthesis of dextran from sucrose. The dextrans synthesized by rat, hamster, and human cariogenic streptococci, and by a cariogenic strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus proved immunologically similar. The extracellular dextran was found to be relatively resistant to attack by mixed oral bacterial growth; to form insoluble precipitates with serum, clarified saliva, and various protein solutions; and to adhere to powdered hydroxyapatite. Samples of pooled human dental plaque were found to contain a constituent which was immunologically similar to dextran, and which comprised almost 2% of its dry weight. It is proposed that dextran synthesis by cariogenic but not non-cariogenic bacteria, enables these organisms to form dental plaque which is required for the production of dental caries.
Electrocatalytic properties of carbon supported cobalt phthalocyanine–platinum for methanol electro-oxidation

Abstract Electrocatalysts, based on carbon-supported cobalt phthalocyanine–platinum (CoPc–Pt/C), were prepared by chemical reduction reaction and heat-treatment. Thermogravimetric analysis, EDX, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques were employed to investigate structural and physical properties of catalysts. The electrochemical behavior of catalysts for methanol electro-oxidation was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry. Compared with Pt/C and PtCo/C catalysts, CoPc–Pt/C catalyst heated at 980 ∘ C (C980) exhibited the best electrochemical performance for methanol electro-oxidation. C980 accelerated kinetics for methanol oxidation and produces a high methanol oxidation current that is almost twice that of pure platinum. C980 also improved its resistance to methanol poisoning. Hence, it can be concluded that C980 is a good anodic catalyst for DMFC.
Spatial perspective choice in ASL

Two studies investigated the ramifications of encoding spatial locations via signing space for perspective choice in American Sign Language. Deaf signers (“speakers”) described the location of one of two identical objects either to a present addressee or to a remote addressee via a video monitor. Unlike what has been found for English speakers, ASL signers did not adopt their addressee’s spatial perspective when describing locations in a jointly viewed present environment; rather, they produced spatial descriptions utilizing shared space in which classifier and deictic signs were articulated at locations in signing space that schematically mapped to both the speaker’s and addressee’s view of object locations within the (imagined) environment. When the speaker and addressee were not jointly viewing the environment, speakers either adopted their addressee’s perspective via referential shift (i.e. locations in signing space were described as if the speaker were the addressee) or speakers expressed locations from their own perspective by describing locations from their view of a map of the environment and the addressee’s position within that environment. The results highlight crucial distinctions between the nature of perspective choice in signed languages in which signing space is used to convey spatial information and spoken languages in which spatial information is conveyed by lexical spatial terms. English speakers predominantly reduce their addressee’s cognitive load by adopting their addressee’s perspective, whereas in ASL shared space can be used (there is no true addressee or speaker perspective) and in other contexts, reversing speaker perspective is common in ASL and does not increase the addressee’s cognitive load.
Photoluminescence studies of superconducting Nb3Sn

Abstract We report some experimental results which we feel indicate the feasibility of photoluminescence studies of the superconducting energy gap. We discuss experimental techniques, results, and difficulties. We find that our results and the extrapolation of the results of others indicate that useful information about the energy gap comes from photoluminescence. We point out that existing theoretical papers discussing the light scattering cross section for the observation of the superconducting energy gap should be extended to account for resonant optical interband transitions.
Vector-valued versus scalar-valued figures of merit in H∞-feedback system design☆

Abstract In this paper, we adopt the point of view that the real figure of merit in H∞-feedback systems design is the vector-valued performance measure (∥W1S∥∞, ∥W2T∥∞), where W1S is the frequency-weighted sensitivity function and W2T:= W2 (I−S) the weighted complementary sensitivity function. A compensator C0 is “optimal” if its induced performance (∥W1S(C0)∥, ∥W2T(C0)∥) is a minimal element of the set of achievable performances in the (∥W1S∥, ∥W2T∥)-plane. This set is shown to be convex, and the “fundamental limitations on achievable feedback performance” take the geometric interpretation of a polygon bounding from below this convex set. The H∞-theory deals with feedback system performance tradeoffs by lumping the two conflicting objective functions S and T into a scalar-valued criterion of the form (α p p ∥W 1 S∥ p + β p p ∥W 2 T∥ p ) 1 p , where αp, βp, are (scalar) weighting factors and W1, W2 are frequency-dependent weighting functions. In this paper, we develop strategies for weighting functions and weighting factors selections, so as to direct the resulting scalar-valued criterion design to a minimal element of the set of achievable performances in the (∥W1S,∥W2T∥)-plane, if this is possible. It appears that a scalar-valued criterion is most likely to direct the design toward a performance acceptable from the vector-valued criterion point of view if p = 2 and W1, W2 are nonoverlapping.
CONTOUR-BASED FEATURE EXTRACTION USING DUAL-TREE COMPLEX WAVELETS

A contour-based feature extraction method is proposed by using the dual-tree complex wavelet transform and the Fourier transform. Features are extracted from the 1D signals r and θ, and hence the processing memory and time are reduced. The approximate shift-invariant property of the dual-tree complex wavelet transform and the Fourier transform guarantee that this method is invariant to translation, rotation and scaling. The method is used to recognize aircrafts from different rotation angles and scaling factors. Experimental results show that it achieves better recognition rates than that which uses only the Fourier features and Granlund's method. Its success is due to the desirable shift invariant property of the dual-tree complex wavelet transform, the translation invariant property of the Fourier spectrum, and our new complete representation of the outer contour of the pattern.
Rational management of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder in pediatric recipients

Abstract Background/Purpose: Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a potentially lethal complication in the pediatric transplant patient secondary to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and potent immunosuppression. PTLD may develop in up to 10% of pediatric transplant recipients with mortality rates up to 80%. The authors report their experience with the diagnosis and efficacy of aggressive sequential management of PTLD in five patients under age 5 years. Methods: A review of 75 pediatric liver transplant recipients on FK-506-based immunosuppression identified five biopsyproven cases of PTLD and one probable case (8%). The probable case was a teenager, 6 months posttransplant in Spain, with mediastinal masses. No treatment or diagnosis was sought, and the patient died. The other five cases were managed with sequential therapy on an "intent-to-treat" basis with initial withdrawal of immunosuppression. If the disease progressed, patients were treated with four courses of intravenous cyclophosphamide, vincristine, Adriamycin, and intrathecal methotrexate and ara-C. Results: Five children were anti-EBV titer negative at the time of transplant. Three of five received EBV-positive donor organs and two children received EBV-negative livers. Monoclonal PTLD developed between 2 and 31 months posttransplant (mean, 15.7 months). With onset of PTLD (four B cell lymphoma, one B cell leukemia) all patients had tapering or withdrawal of immunosuppression and initiation of high-dose acyclovir. Two of five patients had complete remission and resumed immunosuppression. Two patients progressed and required chemotherapy. One patient with initial response relapsed 4 months later with B cell leukemia and required chemotherapy. All five patients are alive 10 to 38 months postdiagnosis (mean, 29 months). Three patients had rejection requiring resumption of FK-506 therapy. Two patients are maintained on low-dose alternate-day prednisone and no FK-506. All patients have normal liver function. Central nervous system lymphoma developed in one child with significant neurological sequelae. Conclusions: PTLD can develop in pediatric liver transplant recipients. Early withdrawal of immunosuppression and aggressive chemotherapy enabled us to achieve 100% patient and graft survival.