cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Banc One's Halcyon Days of Merger Integration

The year 1992 had been most successful for Banc One placing it first among the 25 largest banks in the United States. It had achieved this stellar record through a strategy of nuts-and-bolts banking that included focusing on serving retail and middle-market customers through community banks, investing in technologies that created competitive advantages, and treating bank acquisitions as an ongoing line of business. The newly appointed chairman of Diversified Services at Banc One is responsible for products in the nonbanking areas of securities, insurance, leasing, consumer finance, asset management, and mortgage. But the growth of Diversified Services has fueled apprehension that the fundamental values on which the bank's success had been built were changing. In this context, the chairman is charged with persuading the presidents of the affiliate banks to adopt his nontraditional banking products into their local banks to enlist them in a strategic partnership with Diversified Services. Excerpt UVA-BP-0553 Jan. 25, 2012 Banc One's halcyon days of merger integration Through the 1980s and 1990s, Banc One Corporation (Banc One) was heralded as best in class in the bank expansion-through-acquisitions game, and 1992 proved to be its most successful year ever. That year Banc One completed a series of acquisitions that made it the nation's ninth-largest bank. It achieved a 24% to 32% increase in earnings for its 24th consecutive increase and delivered 10-year average returns on equity and assets, placing it first among the 25 largest banks in the United States. In 1991, Institutional Investor named Banc One “America's best-run bank.” Paul Walsh was the newly appointed chairman of Banc One Diversified Services Corporation (Diversified Services) with responsibility for products in the historically nonbanking areas of securities, insurance, leasing, consumer finance, asset management, and mortgage. His charge was to persuade the presidents of the affiliate banks to adopt his nontraditional banking products into their local banks. The Banking Industry . . .
Predictors and consequences of nest-switching behavior in Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica erythrogaster)

ABSTRACT Nest-switching is an important breeding strategy for multiple-brooded bird species. When deciding whether or not to switch nests for subsequent breeding attempts, pairs must weigh the costs and benefits of various factors related to the number of fledglings of the first breeding attempt, the likelihood of nest predation, and qualities of the nest environment, such as nest ectoparasites and the age of the nest. In this study, we analyzed the predictors and consequences of nest-switching behavior at 6 breeding sites of North American Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica erythrogaster), where 60% of pairs that raised 2 broods within a season switched nests for a second breeding attempt. Pairs often reused existing (old) nests constructed during previous years, and pairs that settled in old nests for their first breeding attempt were the most likely to switch nests for a second breeding attempt. Contrary to previous studies, nest predation and nest ectoparasitism had no influence on whether or not pairs sw...
Alternative Infant Feeding Methods for Mothers with HIV

The many disadvantages, and harmful outcomes, of artificial feeding have been widely documented, and apply to all societies, and at all levels of affluence and poverty. But in terms of rates of serious morbidity and mortality, it is recognized that risks are much higher in poor households with inadequate sanitation, unsafe scarce water supplies, no refrigeration, poor health services and little knowledge of hygiene.
On “Pre-historic” Linear Programming and the Figure of the Earth

An important scientific problem of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was to determine the figure of the earth. This problem attracted the attention of many notable people, one of whom was Roger Joseph Boscovich a Jesuit priest and natural scientist who formulated—and gave an algorithm for solving—linearly constrained optimization problems whose minimand is the sum of the absolute values of the errors, i.e., a special linear regression model. After first recounting some of the rich history of this development, the present expository note focuses on the method of Boscovich, exploring its interpretation as a variant of the simplex algorithm for linear programming applied to problems of that form.
Comparison of nanoparticle diffusion using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and differential dynamic microscopy within concentrated polymer solutions

We studied the diffusion of nanoparticles (NPs) within aqueous entangled solutions of polyethylene oxide (PEO) by using two different optical techniques. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, a method widely used to investigate nanoparticle dynamics in polymer solution, was used to measure the long-time diffusion coefficient (D) of 25 nm radius particles within high molecular weight, Mw = 600 kg/mol PEO in water solutions. Differential dynamic microscopy (DDM) was used to determine the wave-vector dependent dynamics of NPs within the same polymer solutions. Our results showed good agreement between the two methods, including demonstration of normal diffusion and almost identical diffusion coefficients obtained by both techniques. The research extends the scope of DDM to study the dynamics and rheological properties of soft matter at a nanoscale. The measured diffusion coefficients followed a scaling theory, which can be explained by the coupling between polymer dynamics and NP motion.
Current and Future Demand for Health Services Researchers: Perspectives from Diverse Research Organizations.

OBJECTIVE The Affordable Care Act and Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act are changing access to, and delivery of, health care in the United States, with potential implications for the field of health services research (HSR). We therefore investigated employers' perceptions of demand for individuals to conduct HSR, the competencies required for success, and implications for HSR training programs. DATA SOURCE Interviews conducted in August 2016 with 21 key informants at a range of U.S.-based HSR organizations. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a semistructured, qualitative, telephone interview study to explore relevant topics. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS Interviews with respondents were transcribed from recordings and then synthesized by respondent organization type and topic area. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Most respondents reported recently hiring health services researchers, and most anticipated hiring additional such researchers in the future. Most respondents emphasized the abilities to analyze data, work in teams, and engage with stakeholders. Finally, most respondents recommended that potential recruits gain real-world experience during their academic training. CONCLUSIONS Our interviews indicated that current and future demand for health services researchers is strong. They also suggested that, as a field, HSR will continue to draw together individuals from a variety of backgrounds to inform a diverse array of decision makers.
DOES ELECTRONIC TRADING IMPROVE MARKET EFFICIENCY? EVIDENCE FROM SPATIAL ARBITRAGE IN THE AUTOMOTIVE MARKET

Price disparities across locations can occur when sellers in one location have difficulty matching with buyers in a different location due to the transaction costs of trading across distance. Spatial arbitrageurs exploit these discrepancies by buying goods from locations where prices are low and reselling them at locations where prices are high. Electronic channels should lower the transaction costs of trading across distance, thereby facilitating buyer/seller matching. It follows that electronic trading should reduce spatial arbitrage opportunities, thereby improving market efficiency. We test this hypothesis in the automotive market. The distinguishing feature of our data is that we can identify the distinct buyers, sellers, and vehicles involved in transactions, giving us a detailed look at transaction patterns likely motivated by spatial arbitrage. We conclude that traders are engaging in spatial arbitrage within the market but that spatial arbitrage has become less prevalent over time due to increased electronic trading.
Bundled HIV and Hepatitis C Testing in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author(s): Cowan, Ethan; Herman, Heather S.; Rahman, Sara; Zahn, Jennifer; Leider, Jason; Calderon, Yvette | Abstract: Introduction: An estimated 25% of the 1.2 million individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the U.S. are co-infected with hepatitis C (HCV). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends HCV testing for high-risk groups. Our goal was to measure the impact of bundled HIV and HCV testing vs. HIV testing alone on test acceptance and identification of HCV and HIV.Methods: We conducted a two-armed, randomized controlled trial on a convenience sample of 478 adult patients in the Jacobi Medical Center emergency department from December 2012 to May 2013. Participants were randomized to receive either an offer of bundled HIV/HCV testing or HIV testing alone. We compared the primary outcome, HIV test acceptance, between the two groups. Secondary outcomes included HIV and HCV prevalence, and HCV test acceptance, refusal, risk, and knowledge. Results: We found no significant difference in HIV test acceptance between the bundled HCV/HIV (91.8%) and HIV-only (90.6%) groups (p=0.642). There were also no significant differences in test acceptance based on gender, race, or ethnicity. A majority of participants (76.6%) reported at least one HCV risk factor. No participants tested positive for HIV, and one (0.5%) tested positive for HCV. Conclusion: Integrating bundled, rapid HCV/HIV testing into an established HIV testing program did not significantly impact HIV test acceptance. Future screening efforts for HCV could be integrated into current HIV testing models to target high-risk cohorts.
For Intestinal Homeostasis, You Are What You Eat.

Nutrients play a central role in controlling the form and function of the intestinal epithelium. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Mattila et al. (2018) and Obniski et al. (2018) uncover important mechanisms by which Drosophila intestinal stem cells respond to dietary signals, linking nutrients to tissue homeostasis.
The ontogeny of a 57-Kd cationic antimicrobial protein of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: localization to a novel granule population

The ontogeny of a 57-Kd cationic antimicrobial protein (CAP57) that has substantial similarities to bactericidal permeability increasing protein (BPI) has been determined immunocytochemically. CAP57 was detected in the granules of mature peripheral blood neutrophils. However, it was absent from other cells of the peripheral blood: eosinophils, red blood cells (RBCs), and mononuclear cells. In human bone marrow, CAP57 was confined to the neutrophilic series. The earliest stage of development of the myeloid cells at which CAP57 was demonstrated was the promyelocyte. Double immunofluorescent labeling showed that CAP57 was detected in cells positive for myeloperoxidase. The absence of lactoferrin in certain cells (promyelocytes) containing CAP57 indicated that CAP57 was synthesized and packaged in a population of granules prior to the development of granules that contain lactoferrin. CAP57 could not be demonstrated in HL60 cells either by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or by immunocytochemistry. However, the presence of another granule-associated cationic antimicrobial protein of molecular weight 37 Kd (CAP37) was readily detected in undifferentiated HL60 cells. Amino acid sequence analysis showed that CAP57 and BPI were identical. Further indication of the identity between CAP57 and BPI was that monoclonal anti-CAP57 antibodies cross reacted with BPI. Sucrose density-gradient centrifugations showed CAP57 was confined to a granule population that exhibited a buoyant density intermediate of the previously described light and heavy azurophil granules. Further resolution of the individual azurophil granule populations by Percoll density-gradient centrifugation revealed that CAP57 was most concentrated in the density range of 1.093 to 1.100 g/cc. These results strongly suggest the unique finding that CAP57 may be associated with a heretofore unreported granule type.
Use of Flowering Plants to Enhance Parasitism and Predation Rates on Two Squash Bug Species Anasa tristis and Anasa armigera (Hemiptera: Coreidae)

A two-year study evaluated the effect of a flowering border of buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Moench on rates of egg parasitism, egg predation and adult parasitism on two squash bug species, Anasa tristis (DeGeer) and Anasa armigera Say, by comparing rates in squash fields with and without a flowering border. Furthermore, we evaluated whether there was an edge effect by comparing parasitism and predation rates in plots located in the corner of a squash field with plots located in the center of a squash field for fields with and without a flowering border. The egg parasitism rates were not affected by either treatment (flowering border or control) or plot location (edge or center). Anasa armigera egg masses only accounted for 4.3% of the total egg masses collected. The egg parasitism rates increased gradually throughout the season, peaking in the last week of August in 2017 at 45% for A. tristis egg masses. The most common egg parasitoid recovered was Gryon pennsylvanicum (Ashmead) followed by Ooencyrtus anasae (Ashmead). Adult parasitism was not affected by treatment, but A. tristis adult parasitism rates were higher in plots located on the edge of squash fields compared with plots located in the center of squash fields in 2016. Since adult parasitoid, Trichopoda pennipes (Fabricius) flies were observed visiting buckwheat flowers, future studies could explore the possibility that the flowering buckwheat may have a more impact on adult parasitism if there was a greater distance between fields with and without a flowering border.
Tanycytic ependymoma of the brain stem, presentations of rare cystic disease variants and review of literature.

Introduction The aim of this paper was to systematically review the evidence linking Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) with the develop Tanycytic ependymoma (tcE) is a rare variant of ependymoma and management guidelines for patients with this disease are not established. Evidence acquisition We performed a systematic search on Pubmed complimented by hand-searching citation lists to identify patients with pathologically confirmed tcE. Signs and symptoms, radiological and specific pathological findings as well as reported treatment modalities and outcomes were recorded and analyzed. Evidence synthesis Fifty-one studies involving a total of 77 patients were identified and included in this review. Most cases of tcEs occurred in the spinal cord (50.6%), followed by lesions located in upper intracranial sites (36.4%) and only a few at the cervicomedullary junction (3.9%). Female to male ratio was calculated as about 1:1.5, with a mean age at diagnosis of approximately 36.1±18 years. Complete resection of the tumor without further additional therapy was the treatment of choice in most cases (63.6%), radiotherapy was considered in 10 cases (13.0%). In 18 reported cases of tcE (23.4%), the treatment was not documented. Defined follow-up periods for patients with tcE were only documented in 44 cases (57.1%), the mean follow-up was 22.3 months. 36 cases (46.8%) had no recurrence of tumor after treatment (26 months mean follow-up). Conclusions This comprehensive review on tcEs supports surgery as the initial treatment modality of choice. Radiotherapy can be considered when total gross resection cannot be achieved and allows for prolonged progression-free survival. Given the benign nature of this subtype of ependymoma, aggressive treatment such as chemotherapy is usually not indicated.
PICH translocase activity is required for proper distribution of SUMOylated proteins on mitotic chromosomes

Polo-like kinase interacting checkpoint helicase (PICH) is a SNF2 family DNA translocase and is a Small Ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) binding protein. Despite that both translocase activity and SUMO-binding ability are required for proper chromosome segregation, how these two activities function to mediate chromosome segregation remains unknown. Here, we show that PICH specifically promotes redistribution of SUMOylated proteins like SUMOylated TopoisomeraseIIα (TopoIIα) on mitotic chromosomes. Conditional depletion of PICH using the Auxin Inducible Degron (AID) system resulted in the retention of SUMOylated chromosomal proteins, including TopoIIα, indicating that PICH functions to redistribute these proteins. Replacement of endogenous PICH with exogenous PICH mutants showed that PICH translocase activity is required for SUMOylated protein redistribution. In vitro assays showed that PICH specifically regulates SUMOylated TopoIIα activity using its SUMO-binding ability. Taken together, we propose a novel function of PICH in remodeling SUMOylated chromosomal proteins to ensure faithful chromosome segregation.
Emerging Areas of Research

The study of physician wellbeing and how best to assess it is still very much a work in progress. In this chapter, we describe several innovative approaches to the promotion of physician wellness which have been implemented at various institutions. Specifically, we identify both organizational and individual interventions and discuss their outcomes and limitations.
Finite-depth and vari-focal head-mounted displays based on geometrical lightguides

Existing waveguides and lightguides in optical see-through augmented reality (AR) displays usually guide collimated light, which results in a fixed image depth at optical infinity. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of integrating a lightguide with a varifocal optics engine to provide correct focus cues and solve the vergence-accommodation conflict in lightguide-based AR displays. The image performance and the cause of artifacts in a lightguide-based AR display with a varifocal optics engine are systematically analyzed. A non-sequential ray tracing method was developed to simulate the retinal image and quantify the effects of image focal depth on the image performance and artifacts for a vari-focal display engine of different depths. A prototype with varying image depths from 0 to 3 diopters was built and the experimental results validate the proposed system. A digital correction method is also proposed to correct the primary image artifact caused by the physical structure of the lightguide.
Patterns of preschool teachers’ use of discourse strategies with individual Spanish-speaking dual language learners.

Person-oriented approaches can be used to identify how teachers may draw upon a combination of strategies when interacting with individual children. For nearly 1 third of children under the age of 8 who come from a household where a language other than English is spoken, it is crucial to identify patterns of teachers’ use of discourse strategies that are hypothesized as being particularly important in supporting their unique developmental strengths and needs. The current study used latent profile analysis to (a) describe patterns of child-level experiences of teachers’ use of discourse strategies among a low-income sample of preschool Spanish-speaking dual language learners (DLLs), and (b) examine relations between these patterns, child language skills, family demographic factors, and teacher characteristics. Four classes were identified: (a) low-quality discourse practices (50%), (b) self-talk and simultaneous translation, with low-quality use of other discourse strategies (15%), (c) diverse range of strategies (7%); and (d) closed-ended, open-ended questions and one-on-one conversations (29%). These profiles demonstrated that children experience different patterns of discourse practices that vary across quality and the type of practices. When examining differences in profiles based on child, family, and teacher variables, results revealed that indicators of family SES, children’s age, bilingual expressive vocabulary, and teachers’ experiences of coursework (i.e., preservice) and professional development (i.e., in-service) were associated with patterns between profiles. These results have important implications for classroom instruction and policy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
Simultaneous Modeling with Time-Dependent Covariates and Bayesian Intervals

In the analysis of longitudinal data, it is common to characterize the relationship between (repeated) response measures and the covariates. However, when the covariates do vary over time (time-dependent covariates), there is extra relation due to the delayed effects that need to be accounted for. Moreover, it is not uncommon that these studies consist of simultaneous responses on the subject. However, as the observations are correlated, a joint likelihood function of the simultaneous responses is impossible to afford maximum likelihood estimates. Thus a simultaneous modeling of responses with a working correlation matrix to reflect the hierarchical aspect are presented. Bayesian intervals based on the partitioning of the data matrix is obtained. A demonstration of a fit of a model to Add Heath survey data is given.
Advanced Interventional Pain Management Approach to Neoplastic Disease Outside the Spine

Neoplastic disease of the musculoskeletal system may result in serious morbidity and mortality secondary to cancer related bone pain, pathologic fracture, altered structural mechanics, and involvement of adjacent structures.1 Recent advances in cancer detection and treatment have allowed more patients to live longer. The prevalence of osseous metastatic disease has increased to 100,000 new patients developing bone metastases each year.2 These patients are seeing long-term exposure to chemotherapy and radiation leading to increased skeletal events, morbidity, and a negative impact on quality of life. Bone metastases in conjunction with poor bone quality often prevent surgical therapy. Utilization of thermal ablation in this patient population is supported by contemporary literature and offers a minimally invasive approach to pain palliation, local tumor control, and decreased morbidity with unique advantages compared to surgery or radiation.3 In addition to spine disease, interventional radiologists are able to meaningfully impact pelvic, shoulder girdle, and long bone metastases. Adding to ablation we have in our repertoire the ability to provide structural support utilizing cement and/or screw fixation as an adjunct for both pain palliation and mechanical stabilization.4-6 These novel therapies have allowed more patients with metastatic disease to be treated. The focus of this chapter is to highlight importance of patient selection, ablative modality selection, integration of cementoplasty (also described as osteoplasty) and osseous fixation, and procedural techniques/strategy in the pelvis and other common sites of bone metastases outside the spine.
A Review of Internet of Things—Resource Allocation

As one of emerging technologies, Internet of Things (IoT) has become popular. This article reviews the literature regarding resource allocation (RA) of the Internet of Things systematically. It identifies the key techniques, state-of-the-art, challenges, and trend associated with the IoT resource allocation, and its impact on the enterprise architecture.
State Early Learning and Development Standards: A Unified Curriculum Framework for All Young Children:

Early learning and development standards (ELDS) describe the knowledge, skills, and dispositions young children should demonstrate before kindergarten. This article describes a review of state ELDS...
Tightly Coupled Inertial Navigation System With Signals of Opportunity Aiding

A tightly coupled inertial navigation system (INS) aided by ambient signals of opportunity (SOPs) is developed. In this system, a navigating vehicle aids its onboard INS using pseudoranges drawn from terrestrial SOPs with unknown emitter positions and clock biases through an extended Kalman filter-based radio simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) framework. The SOP-aided INS uses both global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and SOP pseudoranges during GNSS availability periods and switches to using SOP pseudoranges exclusively during GNSS unavailability periods. This framework is studied through numerical simulations by varying: 1) Quantity of exploited SOPs and 2) quality of SOP-equipped oscillators. It is demonstrated that the SOP-aided INS using a consumer-grade IMU produces smaller estimation uncertainties compared to a traditional tightly coupled GNSS-aided INS using a tactical-grade IMU. In the absence of GNSS signals, over the simulation finite-time horizon, the errors produced by the SOP-aided INS appear to be bounded, while the errors produced by a traditional tightly coupled GNSS-aided INS diverge unboundedly. Moreover, the article presents experimental results demonstrating an unmanned aerial vehicle using terrestrial cellular SOPs to aid its onboard consumer-grade IMU in the absence of GNSS signals. It is demonstrated that the final position error of a traditional tightly coupled GNSS-aided INS after 30 s of GNSS cutoff was 57.30 m, while the final position error of the tightly coupled SOP-aided INS was 9.59 m.
High Satisfaction and Activity Levels After Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients Under Age 21

Abstract Background With improved materials and bearing surfaces, the use of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in young patients is increasing. Functional outcomes and activity level are particularly relevant in this higher-demand patient population. There is a paucity of data on patient-reported outcomes and activity levels after THA in extremely young ( Methods We identified 196 patients (222 hips) who underwent THA at age Results The mean age at surgery was 17.0 ± 2.8 years, and the mean follow-up was 13.2 years (range 2-38 years). The most common indications for THA were osteonecrosis (34%) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (30%). The mean UCLA activity score was 5.9 ± 2.0, and 64% of patients reported a score ≥6. The mean FJS was 57.9 ± 31.0. The mean Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement score was 84.6 ± 16.6. Ninety percent of patients reported that they were very or somewhat satisfied with their surgery. At final follow-up, 27 of 129 (20.9%) hips had undergone revision surgery. Conclusion THA performed in patients under 21 years of age with end-stage hip disease allows for high levels of activity and satisfaction postoperatively, with most patients being able to participate in moderate recreational activities. These data may be useful for surgeons in planning for and counseling extremely young patients indicated for THA.
Fall 2020 Supplement to Brauneis & Schechter, Copyright: A Contemporary Approach

This Fall 2020 Supplement is the product of our effort to capture important developments in copyright law since the publication of the second edition of Copyright: A Contemporary Approach. It includes one new principal case, the Supreme Court’s 2020 decision in Georgia v. Public.Resources.Org. It also includes notes on many other cases, and a few new features that we thought would enhance study of U.S. copyright law. In light of the passage of the Music Modernization Act in October 2018, we have completely revised Chapter 12.E., on digital audio transmission rights, and Chapter 12.F., on rights in pre-1972 sound recordings. The new Chapter 12.E. in this supplement, “Digital Streaming of Music After the Musical Works Modernization Act,” now consists of a general introduction to copyright and the streaming of music, covering both rights in sound recordings and rights in musical works, and all of the relevant exclusive rights.
Utilization, Outcomes and Safety of IV tPA for Acute Ischemic Stroke during pregnancy (P4.034)

Objective: To survey the utilization, outcomes and safety of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) during pregnancy. Background: AIS is a rare but devastating event during pregnancy. Although IV tPA is proven efficacious therapy when given in the hyperacute time frame after AIS, limited data exists on the use and safety of IV tPA during pregnancy. Current guidelines consider pregnancy as a relative exclusion (category C) for IV tPA treatment which might restrain its use. Design/Methods: We analyzed the data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from years 2002 to 2014. Females of reproductive age group (15–45 years) were included. AIS were ascertained by ICD-9 discharge codes, ICD-9-CM codes 433.xx-436. Pregnancy was identified with previously validated ICD-9-CM codes and tPA use by procedure code 99.10. Discharge disposition, hemorrhagic conversion (HC) and deaths were used as outcome measurements. We preformed Cochran Armitage trend test and Chi-square test to analyze the data. Results: Among 202,830 females in reproductive age admitted with AIS, 614 (0.3%) were pregnant. Baseline characteristics revealed an older group with 64% of patients >30 years and a higher proportion of Afro-Americans (39%). Out of total 614 pregnant AIS patients, 38 (6.25%) received tPA. None of tPA recipient had HC. Those of who received t-PA, had higher rates of discharge to home (75.5% vs 70%, p Conclusions: Using data from NIH, we showed a higher than expected rate of tPA use for AIS in pregnancy, which is similar to the national average for all AIS. Our study suggests that thrombolysis treatment of AIS with tPA during pregnancy improves outcomes and appears to be safe. Further prospective studies are required, to better understand the safety and efficacy of rtPA during pregnancy. Disclosure: Dr. Lunagariya has nothing to disclose. Dr. Huisa-Garate has nothing to disclose. Dr. Patel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mahuwala has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jani has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hemmen has nothing to disclose.
Book Review–Civil Society, 4th ed.

Civil Society, 4th ed. By Michael Edwards Cambridge (2020) Reviewed by Hans Peter Schmitz University of San Diego Subscribe to JNEL
A novel construct for scaling groundwater–river interactions based on machine-guided hydromorphic classification

Hydrologic exchange between river channels and adjacent subsurface environments is a key process that influences water quality and ecosystem function in river corridors. Predictive numerical models are needed to understand responses of river corridors to environmental change and to support sustainable watershed management. We posit that systematic hydromorphic classification provides a scaling construct that facilitates extrapolation of outputs from local-scale mechanistic models to reduced-order models applicable at reach and watershed scales. This in turn offers the potential to improve large-scale predictions of river corridor hydrobiogeochemical processes. Here we present a new machine-guided hydromorphic classification methodology that addresses the key requirements of this objective, and we demonstrate its application to a segment of the Columbia River in the northwestern United States. The resulting hydromorphic classes form spatially coherent and physically interpretable hydromorphic units that exhibit distinct behaviors in terms of distributions of subsurface transit times (a primary control on critical biogeochemical reactions). This approach forms the basis of ongoing research that is evaluating the formulation of reduced-order models and transferability of results to other river reaches and larger scales.
Double–Double: New Family of Composite Laminates

A new family of composite laminates could revolutionize composite structures to be lighter, stronger, easier to understand and design, and faster and lower cost to manufacture. For the last 60 year...
Influence of late planting on light interception, radiation use efficiency and biomass production of four sweet sorghum cultivars

Abstract As a measure of a plants ability to convert solar energy into biomass, radiation use efficiency (RUE) can be used to compare species and genotypes within species. Despite considerable research on RUE of biofuel species, few reports on sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) RUE are available. Radiation use efficiency and biomass yield of four sweet sorghum genotypes (‘Dale’, ‘M 81E’, ‘Topper 76-6’, and ‘Sugar Drip’) was assessed in response to two late planting dates in a two-year study. The late planting dates would coincide with abandoning double-crop plantings of soybean following wheat. Aboveground biomass yield and RUE (g biomass MJ−1 intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR)) was measured every two weeks beginning four weeks after planting. Two estimates of RUE were calculated differing only in growth periods used (emergence to anthesis [EA] and during rapid linear growth [Max]). Biomass yields, EA, and Max RUE were similar between years and sorghum cultivars, but differed between planting dates. Early-July plantings resulted in greater RUE than mid-July plantings. Averaged across cultivars at the first planting date both years EA and Max RUE were 3.11 and 3.96 g MJ−1 IPAR, respectively, compared to 2.40 (EA RUE) and 2.79 g MJ−1 IPAR (Max RUE) at the second planting date. Mean biomass yield across years and cultivars was 10.67 and 8.63 Mg ha−1 at the first and second planting dates, respectively. These results confirm expected decreases in RUE and biomass production of late-planted sweet sorghum, but also illustrate that, even when planted late, sweet sorghum efficiently converts intercepted PAR to biomass.
The Influence of Crystal Face in Catalysis

Publisher Summary The identification of the regions of high and low activity on the surface of a catalyst is of paramount importance. This chapter presents, that for many reactions the different crystal faces have markedly different activities, the relative order of activity among faces being dependent on the conditions of the reaction. With the aid of highly polished crystal spheres, it has been shown that the surface of the catalyst may be mobile in the case of copper at measured gas temperatures of 325°. During the reaction, the surface may rearrange to expose certain facets and other structures, which depend on the nature of the reactants and the experimental conditions. Experiments carried out in laboratory on bonding or sintering, two polished single crystals of copper have shown that bonding and surface diffusion in an atmosphere of hydrogen may take place at temperatures in this neighborhood. These results, showing the importance of mobility and structure, suggest that three steps may now be profitably taken, the first concerned with further experiments, the second with a theoretical understanding of the results, and the third with the practical preparation of catalysts.
Reduced order filtering in an H ∞ setting

In this paper we consider the problem of estimation with reduced order filter/observers with an H∞ type performance criterion. For a give n-th order linear system, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for there to exist an "Unbiased" (precise definition given in the Definition 2 of the paper) filter of order l ≪ n to estimate l states of the system. When the necessary and sufficient conditions ar met, state space formulae are given for a reduced order filter that achieves the desired performance.
Protein geometry: volumes, areas and distances

In this chapter, methods for the calculation of the volumes and areas of proteins are surveyed. The application of Voronoi polyhedra to the calculation of volumes is focused on, with a discussion of how this construction is made and various aspects of it, including the calculation of standard sets of protein volumes. Various measures for protein surface areas, including the accessible surface area, are also discussed. Keywords: molecular surface; molecular volumes; surface areas; surface-area calculation; surfaces; Voronoi construction; Voronoi polyhedra
Rapid increase in red blood cell density driven by K: Cl cotransport in a subset of sickle cell anemia reticulocytes and discocytes

We have previously demonstrated that young normal (AA) and sickle cell anemia (SS) red blood cells are capable of a volume regulatory decrease response (VRD) driven by a K:Cl cotransporter that is activated by low pH or hypotonic conditions. We now report on the characteristics of young SS cells (SS2, discocytes) capable of rapid increase in density in response to swelling. We have isolated cells with high VRD response (H-VRD) and low VRD response (L-VRD) cells by incubation and density- gradient centrifugation under hypotonic conditions. Comparison of these cells in patients homozygous for hemoglobin (Hb)S indicated that H-VRD cells have 91% more reticulocytes (P less than 9 x 10(-9) than L-VRD cells, 25% less HbF (P less than 5.5 x 10(-5), 106% more NEM (N- methylmaleimide)-stimulated K:Cl cotransport activity (P less than 2 x 10(-4), and 86% more volume-stimulated K:Cl cotransport activity (P less than 1.8 x 10(-3). H-VRD and L-VRD cells have similar G-6-PD and Na+/H+ antiport activity. In agreement with the reduced percent HbF in H-VRD cells, F cells (red blood cells that contain fetal Hb) are depleted from the H-VRD population; however, F reticulocytes are enriched in the H-VRD population to the same extent as non-F reticulocytes, which suggests that both F and non-F reticulocytes have a similar initial distribution of volume-sensitive K:Cl cotransport activity but that it may be more rapidly inactivated in F than in S reticulocytes. We find that H-VRD cells consist of 20% reticulocytes (or 79% of all reticulocytes in SS2) and 80% more mature cells. This study demonstrates the role of K:Cl cotransport in determining red blood cell density, the heterogeneity of K:Cl cotransport activity in reticulocytes, and the capacity for rapid change in the density of reticulocytes with high K:Cl cotransport activity. We speculate that the H-VRD population may be more susceptible to generation of dense and irreversibly sickled cells.
Reconnection flow jets in 3D as a source of structured dipolarization fronts

Three-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations are used to investigate the propagation and breakup of a reconnection flow jet of initial cross-tail extent 24 d i (∼1.5R E ; d i is the ion inertial length). Such a front is found to separate into two segments, with the dawnward portion propagating ahead of the duskward one. Both segments expand duskward, reaching separate lengths of 18–25 d i , and both segments develop internal structures on east–west scales of 1–2 d i . The currents responsible for the ramp up of B z at the fronts are confined to narrow (≲d i ) ribbons whose localization is primarily associated with the electron U ey flow. The incoming ion flow is slowed down and deflected duskward at the front, and ambient ions are reflected back from the moving front. These processes create regions of enhanced T ixx both downstream and upstream of the front, while there is a local minimum at the front itself. These results help to explain the prevalence of ∼1R E flow jets in the plasma sheet.
Why Social Pain Can Live on: Different Neural Mechanisms Are Associated with Reliving Social and Physical Pain

Although social and physical pain recruit overlapping neural activity in regions associated with the affective component of pain, the two pains can diverge in their phenomenology. Most notably, feelings of social pain can be re-experienced or “relived,” even when the painful episode has long passed, whereas feelings of physical pain cannot be easily relived once the painful episode subsides. Here, we observed that reliving social (vs. physical) pain led to greater self-reported re-experienced pain and greater activity in affective pain regions (dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula). Moreover, the degree of relived pain correlated positively with affective pain system activity. In contrast, reliving physical (vs. social) pain led to greater activity in the sensory-discriminative pain system (primary and secondary somatosensory cortex and posterior insula), which did not correlate with relived pain. Preferential engagement of these different pain mechanisms may reflect the use of different top-down neurocognitive pathways to elicit the pain. Social pain reliving recruited dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, often associated with mental state processing, which functionally correlated with affective pain system responses. In contrast, physical pain reliving recruited inferior frontal gyrus, known to be involved in body state processing, which functionally correlated with activation in the sensory pain system. These results update the physical-social pain overlap hypothesis: while overlapping mechanisms support live social and physical pain, distinct mechanisms guide internally-generated pain.
Time-optimal attitude control scheme for a spinning missile

The problem of minimum-time attitude control of a spinning missile is addressed. The missile is modeled as a rigid body that is symmetric about its spin axis. A single reaction jet provides the necessary transverse moments. The missile is assumed to have some arbitrary initial transverse angular velocity, and it is desired to take it to some final attitude in minimum time while reducing the transverse angular velocity to zero. A scheme to generate thruster firing times as functions of the initial and desired states of a spinning missile is described. This scheme involves transforming the state variables and integrating the transformed state and costate equations backward in time and generating the control history using the properties of the optimal control. The control history, given in terms of the thruster firing times, is stored as a function of the boundary conditions. A feedback control law based on function generation is then proposed that uses only the first thruster turn-on and turn-off times. This proposed control scheme can be implemented in real time with good accuracy.
Clinically useful and readily available techniques for measurements of bone mineral and body composition by photon or x-ray absorptiometry

Technical develoments in dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry permit the estimation of bone mass or density and of body fat with one single, quick, nontraumatic measurement. Bone density is the best available means of estimating skeletal fracture risk. Improved fat quantification can be made independent from the generally made assumption in such calculations that bone represents a fixed fraction of fat-free body mass.
Agricultural chemicals use data access using coldfusion markup language and a relational database

Abstract A relational database was developed for the agricultural chemical use data collected by the US Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service since 1990. coldfusion Markup Language was used for the client-side interface and server side process programming. The database is accessible from the Web at URL: http://www.pestmanagement.info/nass . Users can obtain information about agricultural chemical use in the database by search of crop, year, region, and active ingredient. Various agricultural chemical usage statistics are provided as Web tables, dynamically generated US maps, charts and graphs, and downloadable Excel files. We used a centralized software architecture in this project, which is suitable for projects with moderate programming complexity. A distributed approach might be more appropriate for the more complex projects. The current database information, spanning 1990–2001, will be augmented in the future, possibly using an automated updating scheme.
Rights and privileges: Marx and the Jewish question

social criticism practiced by Bauer, and so falls prey to similar sorts of practical conundrums. Condemning sectararian tradition as a form of dogmatic servitude, Marx the rationalist rejects the substantive basis for true communal solidarity-identification with shared concrete values. Human emancipation is construed by him in a way that is at cross-purposes with his original intentions; the emancipation of the individual from the particular values, interests, and roles which define his distinct personality would not be the restoration of social humanity, but the utter debasement of it to the level of abstract egoism. Con demning political emancipation as a form of egoistic servitude, Marx the romantic excoriates the formal-legal basis for true individuality tolerance and respect for personal autonomy. In doing so, he neglects the wisdom of his mature critique of political theory: "The communists ... do not put to people the moral demand: love one another, do not be egoists, etc.: on the contrary, they are very well aware that egoism, just as much as self-sacrifice, is in definite circumstances a necessary form of the self-assertion of individuals."52 But sectarian self-assertion formally guaranteed by a modern state is precisely what eluded European Jewry and made them vulnerable to anti-Semitism, Zionism notwithstanding. The irony of all this in light of the tragic resolution of the Jewish question in the twentieth century is summed up well by Hannah Arendt. The birth and growth of modern antisemitism has been accompanied by and inter connected with Jewish assimilation, the secularization and withering away of the old religious and spiritual values. ... But one should also bear in mind that lack of political ability and judgment have been caused by the very nature of Jewish history, the history of a people without a government, without a country, and without a language. ... The simultaneous decline of the European nation-state and growth of antisemitic move ments, the coincidental downfall of nationally organized Europe and the extermination of Jews have to be taken as a serious indication of the source of antisemitism. ... If in the final stage of disintegration antisemitic slogans proved the most effective means of inspiring and organizing great masses of people for imperialist expansion and destruc tion of the old forms of government, then the previous history of the relationship between Jews and state must contain elementary clues to the growing hostility between certain groups of society and the Jews."53 This content downloaded from 207.46.13.156 on Sat, 10 Sep 2016 06:08:27 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Woodpile photonic crystal of various crystal orientations

Three-dimensional woodpile photonic crystals with a variety of crystal orientations and surfaces, including (110), (001), (100) and (010) planes, are fabricated in GaAs and silicon with the multi-directional etching method. The optical properties of the fabricated woodpile photonic crystals are characterized via reflectance spectra measurement. High reflectivity is observed in 1200 nm to 1550 nm wavelength, exhibiting a photonic bandgap. The ultra-high-Q microcavities designed by unit cells size modulation consist of straight dielectric rods only; therefore, they could be fabricated by the directional etching methods. A high quality factor is expected in the microcavity fabricated by the one-top, one-side etching approach.
Focal Adhesion Kinase Is a Component of Antiviral RIG-I-like Receptor Signaling

Viruses modulate the actin cytoskeleton at almost every step of their cellular journey from entry to egress. Cellular sensing of these cytoskeletal changes may function in the recognition of viral infection. Here we show that focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a focal adhesion localized tyrosine kinase that transmits signals between the extracellular matrix and the cytoplasm, serves as a RIG-I-like receptor antiviral signaling component by directing mitochondrial antiviral signaling adaptor (MAVS) activation. Cells deficient in FAK are highly susceptible to RNA virus infection and attenuated in antiviral signaling. We show that FAK interacts with MAVS at the mitochondrial membrane in a virus infection-dependent manner and potentiates MAVS-mediated signaling via a kinase-independent mechanism. A cysteine protease encoded by enteroviruses cleaves FAK to suppress its role in innate immune signaling. These findings suggest that FAK serves as a link between cytoskeletal perturbations that occur during virus infection and activation of innate immune signaling.