cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact, lessons learned and implications from the national dissemination of evidence-based psychotherapies: Informing research and future D&I directions

Relative to their efficacy and recommendation in practice guidelines, evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs) are delivered at strikingly low rates. Various attempts to promote the delivery of EBPs, generally involving unidimensional dissemination approaches, have yielded limited success. To bridge science and practice in this area, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has implemented the largest dissemination of EBPs to date (Karlin & Cross, 2014). Based on dissemination science, this initiative has been guided by a national, multi-level model, involving policy, provider, local systems, patient, and accountability levels, for promoting EBP dissemination, implementation, and sustainability. To date, 15 EBPs have been disseminated, and more than 8,000 staff have been trained in one or more of these therapies. Most significantly, the implementation of EBPs in routine clinical settings has led to unprecedented outcomes for a large number of Veterans, with overall effect sizes on multiple process and outcome domains comparable to those reported in randomized controlled trials. This experience provides compelling evidence that the broad translation of EBPs from science to practice is feasible and yields outcomes that are similar to those achieved in highly controlled settings. The current presentation will: (1) review the national, multi-level DI (2) examine therapist training, patient outcome, and additional data on the effectiveness of this applied DI and (3) identify key lessons learned and significant implications for future research and large-scale dissemination and implementation based on more than 7 years of experience and accumulated data associated with this national initiative. This national "experiment" provides a unique opportunity for real-world D&I, on a broad scale, to inform research and to identify needs and priorities of policymakers and those on the front lines.
Neural Sensitivity to Interaural Time Differences: Beyond the Jeffress Model

Interaural time differences (ITDs) are a major cue for localizing the azimuthal position of sounds. The dominant models for processing ITDs are based on the Jeffress model and predict neurons that fire maximally at a common ITD across their responsive frequency range. Such neurons are indeed found in the binaural pathways and are referred to as "peak-type." However, other neurons discharge minimally at a common ITD (trough-type), and others do not display a common ITD at the maxima or minima (intermediate-type). From recordings of neurons in the auditory cortex of the unanesthetized rabbit to low-frequency tones and envelopes of high-frequency sounds, we show that the different response types combine to form a continuous axis of best ITD. This axis extends to ITDs well beyond that allowed by the head width. In Jeffress-type models, sensitivity to large ITDs would require neural delay lines with large differences in path lengths between the two ears. Our results suggest instead that sensitivity to large ITDs is created with short delay lines, using neurons that display intermediate- and trough-type responses. We demonstrate that a neuron's best ITD can be predicted from (1) its characteristic delay, a rough measure of the delay line, (2) its characteristic phase, which defines the response type, and (3) its best frequency for ITD sensitivity. The intermediate- and trough-type neurons that have large best ITDs are predicted to be most active when sounds at the two ears are decorrelated and may transmit information about auditory space other than sound localization.
Coronary artery embolism from infectious endocarditis treated with catheter thrombectomy using a GuideLiner catheter

A 27-year-old male with history of IV drug use and recurrent endocarditis necessitating bioprosthetic mitral and tricuspid valve replacements presented with 2 weeks of fevers and chest pain. ECG revealed inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction and he was taken urgently to the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Coronary angiography revealed thrombotic occlusion of the distal right coronary artery (RCA) with no angiographic evidence of atherosclerotic disease. Aspiration thrombectomy was performed followed by rheolytic thrombectomy. Despite multiple attempts at thrombectomy, significant residual organized thrombus persisted in the distal RCA. Therefore, further thrombectomy was performed by placing a GuideLiner catheter (Vascular Solutions, Minneapolis, MN) deep within the right coronary artery near the bifurcation into the posterior descending and posterior left ventricular arteries. After repeat aspiration, there was significant improvement with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 3 flow. Intravascular ultrasound of the RCA revealed a normal-appearing vessel without evidence of atherosclerotic disease and mild residual thrombus. The decision was made to not pursue stent placement, given the concern for a likely embolic source. Following the procedure, the patient's chest pain resolved and his ST-segments normalized.
Frequency, pressure, and dimensional scaling of microfabricated inductively coupled plasma sources

Summary form only given, as follows. We are particularly interested in using miniaturized inductively coupled plasmas for the same reasons that large-scale ICPs are commonly used, namely, high plasma generation efficiency and electrodeless operation. In this work, the microfabrication of several miniature ICP configurations is described and the scaling laws that govern the shrinking of ICPs are elucidated.
The architecture of coherent information system: a general problem solving system

This paper discusses the architecture of a meta-system, which can be used to generate intelligent information systems for different domains of discourse. It points out the kinds of knowledge accepted by the system, and the way the knowledge is used to do non-trivial problem solving. The organization of the system makes it possible for it to function in the context of a large and expanding data base. The meta-system provides a basis for the definition of the concept of machine understanding in terms of the models that the machine can build in a domain, and the way it can use the models.
Cross-linking in shear-thickening ionomers

Statistique des associations a l'equilibre, de l'association en ecoulement. Influence de l'etirage sur la reticulation et donc sur la viscosite
Single-balloon enteroscopy-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for treatment of cholangitis in a patient with a Kasai portoenterostomy

Primary therapy for biliary atresia is a surgical hepatoportoenterostomy (Kasai procedure), which has been shown to reduce mortality, but is frequently complicated by ascending cholangitis and the development of biliary cirrhosis. Previously reported therapy for recurrent cholangitis caused by biliary obstruction has included surgical revision and percutaneous biliary drainage, but endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography has not been previously described. Here, we report a patient with recurrent cholangitis after a Kasai procedure and an anastomotic stricture successfully treated with single-balloon enteroscopy-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. This novel technique could be considered in patients with this common complication of the Kasai procedure and may impact long-term outcomes in this patient population.
Weyl fermions induced magnon electrodynamics in a Weyl semimetal

Weyl fermions, which are fermions with definite chiralities, can give rise to anomalous breaking of the symmetry of the physical system that they are a part of. In their $(3+1)$-dimensional realizations in condensed matter systems, i.e., the so-called Weyl semimetals, this anomaly gives rise to topological electromagnetic response of magnetic fluctuations, which takes the form of nonlocal interaction between magnetic fluctuations and electromagnetic fields. We study the physical consequences of this nonlocal interaction, including electric field assisted magnetization dynamics, an extra gapless magnon dispersion, and polariton behaviors that feature ``sibling'' bands in small magnetic fields.
Continuous Expression of HIF-1α in Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha subunit (HIF-1α) is a transcriptional activator mediating adaptive cellular response to hypoxia. Normally degraded in most cell types and tissues, HIF-1α becomes stable and transcriptionally active under conditions of hypoxia. In contrast, we found that HIF-1α is continuously expressed in adult brain neurogenic zones, as well as in neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) from the embryonic and post-natal mouse brain. Our in vitro studies suggest that HIF-1α does not undergo typical hydroxylation, ubiquitination, and degradation within NSPCs under normoxic conditions. Based on immunofluorescence and cell fractionation, HIF-1α is primarily sequestered in membranous cytoplasmic structures, identified by immuno-electron microscopy as HIF-1α-bearing vesicles (HBV), which may prevent HIF-1α from degradation within the cytoplasm. HIF-1α shRNAi-mediated knockdown reduced the resistance of NSPCs to hypoxia, and markedly altered the expression levels of Notch-1 and β-catenin, which influence NSPC differentiation. These findings indicate a unique regulation of HIF-1α protein stability in NSPCs, which may have importance in NSPCs properties and function.
A microcomputer-based control and communication system for the severely disabled

A microcomputer-based environmental control and communication system for the severely disabled has been developed. By puffing and sipping on a tube the user can store messages in computer memory and control a number of peripheral devices. A scanning method of operation is employed in which characters are selected for message building or control purposes from lists displayed on a CRT. An interface system is presently being developed to allow the computer to control peripheral devices by transmitting coded signals over the power mains.
In search of a better crystal ball: recent advances in prognostic markers for clear-cell renal cell carcinoma

Advances in imaging have led to a steady increase in the incidence of kidney cancer over the last two decades. There has been no corresponding improvement in our ability to predict the behavior of renal cell carcinoma. Patients with low-risk renal cell carcinoma have good long-term survival with only localized therapy but patients with aggressive disease do poorly, even with optimal multimodal treatment. Biomarkers to differentiate between these two very divergent populations have traditionally been of only limited utility. We review the recent advances in the development of molecular and immunologic markers aimed at improving prognostication of renal cell carcinoma.
Optimization of delivery of foreign DNA into higher-plant chloroplasts.

We report here an efficient and highly reproducible delivery system, using an improved biolistic transformation device, that facilitates transient expression of β-glucuronidase (GUS) in chloroplasts of cultured tobacco suspension cells. Cultured tobacco cells collected on filter papers were bombarded with tungsten particles coated with pUC118 or pBI101.3 (negative controls), pBI505 (positive nuclear control) or a chloroplast expression vector (pHD203-GUS), and were assayed for GUS activity. No GUS activity was detected in cells bombarded with pUC118 or pBI101.3. Cells bombarded with pBI505 showed high levels of expression with blue color being distributed evenly throughout the whole cytosol of the transformants. pHD203-GUS was expressed exclusively in chloroplasts. We base this conclusion on: i) the procaryotic nature of the promoter used in the chloroplast expression vector; ii) delayed GUS staining; iii) localization of blue color within subcellular compartments corresponding to plastids in both shape and size; and iv) confirmation of organelle-specific expression of pHD203-GUS using PEG-mediated protoplast transformation. Chloroplast transformation efficiencies increased dramatically (about 200-fold) using an improved helium-driven biolistic device, as compared to the more commonly used gun powder charge-driven device. Using GUS as a reporter gene and the improved biolistic device, optimal bombardment conditions were established, consistently producing several hundred transient chloroplast transformants per Petri plate. Chloroplast transformation efficiency was found to be increased further (20-fold) with supplemental osmoticum (0.55 M sorbitol and 0.55 M mannitol) in the bombardment and incubation medium. This system provides a highly effective mechanism for introducing and expressing plasmid DNA within higher-plant chloroplasts, and the fact that GUS functions as an effective marker gene now makes many genetic studies possible which were not possible before.
Trade-offs between growth and maturation: the cost of reproduction for surviving environmental extremes

Life-history trade-offs and the costs of reproduction are central concepts in evolution and ecology. Episodic climatic events such as drought and extreme temperatures provide strong selective pressures that can change the balance of these costs and trade-offs. We used size-structured matrix models parameterized from field and laboratory studies to examine the effect of periodic drought on two species of aquatic salamanders (greater siren, Siren lacertina; lesser siren, Siren intermedia) that differ in size at reproduction and maximum body size. Post-drought body size distributions of the larger species (S. lacertina) are consistent with size-dependent mortality. Smaller individuals were extirpated from the population during each drought while large animals persisted, a pattern that contrasted with that seen in several ectotherms. This appears to be largely explained by estivation proficiency and a positive relationship between body size and estivation potential. Increased body size, however, may come at the cost of fecundity and maturation rate compared to a closely related congener. The cost of somatic allocation in this case may manifest itself via reduced per-capita competitive ability, which (at least in simulation studies) allows the smaller, fast-maturing species to outcompete the larger, slow-maturing species when drought is minimal or nonexistent.
A nonextinction procedure for long-term studies of classically conditioned enhancement of acoustic startle in the rat

In the Fear-Potentiated Startle (FPS) paradigm, the reflexive response to a noise burst is enhanced when it is presented with a stimulus (typically a light) that previously had been paired with the presentation of an aversive stimulus, usually an electric shock. In the FPS paradigm, the conditioned effect is demonstrated under conditions of extinction, i.e., the light is not paired with the shock during FPS testing. Because of this, the FPS paradigm is of somewhat limited value as a longitudinal measure for studying classically conditioned enhancement of acoustic startle. The present studies report a simple and reliable nonshock procedure for studying classically conditioned potentiation of acoustic startle in the rat that does not utilize testing under conditions of extinction. Naive rats were exposed to 5-or 3-days/week startle test sessions for up to 20 weeks. Twenty (20) startle stimuli (115 dB noise bursts; 40 ms in duration) were presented during each session. Half of these startle stimuli were presented in darkness and half were immediately preceded by a 3500-ms presentation of a 15-W light. With this paradigm, the effects of pairing the light with the startle noise burst could be studied across many test sessions in the absence of extinction training. The light did not increase startle amplitude on the first few startle trials of the first test session. By the end of the first session, however, and continuing for many weeks of testing, startle responses in the presence of the light were significantly greater (by 30-40%) than in the absence of the light. The finding that the startle stimulus itself can serve as an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) to enhance subsequent startle responses replicates an earlier finding. The persistence of this Startle-Potentiated Startle (SPS) effect across multiple weeks of testing is in contrast to that earlier report.
A secure unrestricted advanced systems laboratory

We present the design of a systems laboratory intended for advanced undergraduates and graduate students. The laboratory provides an environment in which students are given complete (root) control of systems with essentially unrestricted access to the Internet. This is achieved without jeopardizing the security of the departmental network of which the laboratory is a part. Students in the laboratory are also given a secure environment in which to do their work. Such a laboratory is most valuable in advanced courses in operating systems and networks in which students implement and evaluate algorithms and policies subjected to real workloads. It is also valuable as a facility for research on systems and network topics, providing an open, yet safe, environment in which to work.
Dimethylthiourea, but not dimethylsulfoxide, reduces canine myocardial infarct size.

Abstract We studied the effect of treatment with two diffusible, low molecular weight scavengers of toxic oxygen metabolites, dimethylthiourea (DMTU) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), on canine infarcts caused by 90 min of ischemia and 3 h of reperfusion. Infarct size was determined by incubating ventricular slices with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride. Areas at risk were determined by autoradiography of 99 Tc microspheres injected in vivo during ischemia and were similar ( p > 0.05) in DMSO, and saline treated dogs. However, the ratio of infarct size to area at risk was reduced ( p n = 9) compared with saline treated dogs (53.4 ± 4.6% n = 9). In contrast, the ratio of infarct size to area at risk was not significantly different ( p > 0.05) in dogs treated with 2000 mg/kg DMSO 30 min before reperfusion (43.7 ± 4.3%) compared to saline treated dogs. The serum concentration of DMTU (4.5 mM) was one-tenth that of DMSO (48 mM) in early reperfusion. Therefore, DMTU but not DMSO protected against post-ischemic cardiac reperfusion injury.
Cancer disparities in the Federated States of Micronesia: funding challenges of a developing nation in epidemiological transition.

This article describes funding and other challenges to cancer control in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) and examines funding opportunity announcements (FOAs) as a critical facet in implementation of the U.S. Compact of Free Association (COFA). As a health-relevant policy, COFA commits the United States to improve the health of FSM citizens and, specifically, allows the FSM to apply for U.S. federal health FOAs. Emerging research suggests discrepancies in the intent and implementation of COFA and indicates that the capacity of the FSM to secure U.S. health funding may be at least partially hindered by the ways in which FOAs are structured. Current cancer-related FOAs were identified to evaluate their relevance to the FSM. Eligibility requirements of all FOAs were systematically reviewed and compared with FSM infrastructural and human resources. Findings indicate that most FOAs have requirements more likely to be met in fully developed health service entities. Such requirements disadvantage the FS...
Improving end-to-end quality-of-service in online multi-player wireless gaming networks

In this paper, we present a novel, scalable multi-player gaming architecture that can incorporate mobile nodes. Next we propose an adaptive forward error correction (FEC) and rate-control technique to improve service quality in such a wireless gaming environment. We consider only last-hop wireless links in this paper. It is assumed that the game server and clients (mobile devices) can switch between different prediction levels having different data rates. We introduce a new scheme for estimating the packet loss rates due to congestion and wireless channel conditions and use this information in a cross-layer design to improve the overall service quality. The congestion packet loss probability is used to devise a simple TCP-friendly rate-control algorithm for sending downlink data packets from the game server. We also propose a novel adaptive FEC and dynamic packetization algorithm to alleviate the effects of wireless channel packet losses based on this chosen data rate. Extensive NS-2 simulation results show the efficacy of our scheme in achieving higher throughput.
Possibility of postnatal left ventricular growth in selected infants with non-apex-forming left ventricles

To evaluate postnatal left ventricular growth potential, we reviewed the echocardiograms of seven infants with left ventricles that did not form an apex. Prostaglandins were used to maintain patency of the ductus arteriosus in six infants. Associated abnormalities included aortic stenosis in five, coarctation in three, and left atrial isomerism in one. Initial echocardiographic measurements (7 +/- 9 days) were compared with measurements at 1 month (36 +/- 9 days). Weight (3.0 +/- 0.1 vs 3.0 +/- 0.5 kg) and body surface area (BSA) (0.2 +/- 0.01 vs 0.2 +/- 0.01 m2) did not change. Comparing initial measurements with measurements at 1 month, there were significant increases (p < 0.05) in aortic annulus diameter (4.5 +/- 0.5 vs 5.6 +/- 0.7 mm), aortic root diameter indexed to BSA (2.9 +/- 0.5 vs 3.7 +/- 0.7 cm/m2), ratio of the long axis of the left ventricle to the long axis of the heart (0.74 +/- 0.1 vs 0.86 +/- 0.1), left ventricular end-diastolic volume indexed to BSA (10 +/- 2 vs 24 +/- 9 ml/m2), left ventricular mass indexed to BSA (27 +/- 13 vs 47 +/- 28 gm/m2), mitral valve area indexed to BSA (2.3 +/- 0.5 vs 3.2 +/- 0.7 cm2/m2), left ventricular area (2.1 +/- 0.5 vs 3.6 +/- 1.1 cm2), and Rhodes score (-2.7 +/- 0.5 vs -1.1 +/- 0.9). Tricuspid valve area indexed to BSA (5.8 +/- 1.5 vs 6.1 +/- 1.1 cm2/m2) and long axis of the heart indexed to BSA (13.0 +/- 2.8 vs 13.6 +/- 2.9 cm/m2) did not change. The increase in measurements appeared adequate for biventricular physiology in five infants (four are alive [3.9 +/- 2.6 years] and one died after not being able to wean from the ventilator). These data suggest that a non-apex-forming left ventricle may have postnatal growth potential.
Brief An application of dynamic Nash task assignment strategies to multi-team military air operations

Dynamic task assignment is a critical issue in the control of dynamic systems that are controlled by a multi-team structure. In general, assigning a task to one team requires considering the actions taken by the other teams. An interesting example of dynamic task assignment is the deployment of resources such as in the case of teams of fighting units on each side during a military air operation. An initial deployment of resources and task assignments may not always result in the most desirable outcome. A reassignment of the units to different tasks during the course of operation may then become necessary in order to achieve the required objective. In this paper, the possibilities of changing the initial assignment of certain units, and the deployment of units after completing their initial assignment to other tasks are investigated. Two typical cases requiring specific reassignment strategies are considered. A simulation example of an air military operation that involves two opposing forces is presented to illustrate the results. In this example, the attacking force consists of two teams of units that need to complete two different tasks of varying complexity. Comparison of results with and without reassignment strategies is presented. We show that the use of reassignment strategies, especially when optimization is carried out over a short (two-step) look-ahead horizon, can improve the performance of the overall system and thus provide the leader of the attacking force with a more flexible and effective control mechanism to achieve the desired objective.
Monitoring the solid-liquid interface in tanks using profiling sonar and 3D visualization techniques

Visualization of the interface between settled solids and the optically opaque liquid above is necessary to facilitate efficient retrieval of the high-level radioactive waste (HLW) from underground storage tanks. A profiling sonar was used to generate 2-D slices across the settled solids at the bottom of the tank. By incrementally rotating the sonar about its centerline, slices of the solid-liquid interface can be imaged and a 3-D image of the settled solids interface generated. To demonstrate the efficacy of the sonar in real-time solid-liquid interface monitoring systems inside HLW tanks, two sets of experiments were performed. First, various solid objects and kaolin clay (10 μm dia) were successfully imaged while agitating with 30% solids (by weight) entrained in the liquid. Second, a solid with a density similar to that of the immersed fluid density was successfully imaged. Two dimensional (2-D) sonar images and the accuracy and limitations of the in-tank imaging will be presented for these two experiments. In addition, a brief review of how to utilize a 2-D sonar image to generate a 3-D surface of the settled layer within a tank will be discussed.
Alginate for duplication procedure.

The accuracy of a series of casts produced by alginate duplication of an electroplated master cast was compared by clinical observations with that produced by hydrocolloid duplication. Alginate may be used as a duplicating material if temperature, spatulation, water-powder ratio, and pouring intervals are controlled properly.
Highly aggressive human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal cancer: clinical, radiologic, and pathologic characteristics

Objective Although the majority of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas have a favorable prognosis, we search for markers of poor prognosis by carefully examining a subset of highly aggressive cases. Study design Seven patients with HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer who presented with non-pulmonary distant metastasis or developed distant metastasis posttreatment were identified. Eight control cases were chosen which responded well to treatment. Pathologic and radiologic studies were reviewed and compared. Results Two cases displayed a small cell carcinoma (SmCC) component upon pathologic review. Biomarker analysis revealed lower expression of NOTCH1 in the aggressive cohort in comparison to controls ( P = .04). Cases showed a predominance of clustering of lymph nodes, extracapsular spread, and central tumor necrosis. Conclusion Although most HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers display a positive prognosis, it is evident that there is a subset, which behaves more aggressively. This early investigation identifies pathologic and radiologic features that may help to predict this behavior.
Stereoscopic CG camera rigs and associated metadata for cinematic production

Modern stereoscopic 3D (S3D) cinematic production relies heavily on digital tools and pipelines. Although technically possible, avoiding digital processing of the images is not only unlikely, but will probably yield worse results, since digital tools and pipelines inherently solve many of the issues found in traditional S3D film production and present the opportunity to correct for many others. All computer graphics (CG) tools are based on an implicit or explicit camera model. The model is even more overt in S3D productions and presents more complex implications and ramifications throughout the production pipeline. In this paper, the impact of the camera model on various processes in a production pipeline will be explored and some methods are proposed to improve efficiency with a savvy generation, recording, transport and use of metadata.
Distribution of organic matrix in calcium oxalate renal calculi.

The quantity of protein and carbohydrate comprising the matrix of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) renal stones was found to decrease with distance from the surface of the stone. The average organic concentration of stones 3 to 30 mm in diameter ranged from 5.7% at the surface to 2.7% at the core. This concentration gradient suggests matrix involvement in a “growth front” on stone surfaces with migration of organic material from the “older” interior. The matrix distribution was not readily correlated with density variations or with the presence of hydroxyapatite or calcium oxalate dihydrate. Surface matrix concentrations were greater than amounts predicted by physical adsorption. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of the organic-rich surface layer and also suggested that increase in stone size occurs predominantly by crystal growth with microcrystal aggregates as growth centers.
Comparison of Nitrogen Management Zone Delineation Methods for Corn Grain Yield

It is important for today's farmer to manage his fields efficiently to maximize economic return and minimize environmental impacts. Managing agricultural inputs based on spatial variability in a field may help to achieve these goals. The objective of this study was to develop and compare different N management zone delineation methods and investigate the effect that variable N fertilization directed by these zones had on corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield over 4 yr. The zone delineation methods were based on: (i) supervised classification of bare soil color; (ii) cluster analysis of soil N, apparent electrical conductivity (EC a ), and 1 yr of yield data; or (iii) a summation of standardized EC a , elevation, and 5 yr of yield data. The different delineation methods resulted in relatively similar zone patterns. Applied N rates were mostly affected by varying yield goals due to low variability of soil test N between zones. The effect of zone method on yield was inconsistent over the study period, with the soil color zone yields corresponding best to hypothesized productivity potential. The uniform treatment yields were not significantly different than yields from most of the N management zones. Increases in applied N for management zone treatments resulted in small yet not statistically significant yield increases in most years, with economic benefits over the uniform treatment observed in 2 yr. Yield was affected by adverse weather conditions in 2 yr, resulting in significant increases in subsurface soil N and reduced economic benefits of zone management versus conventional management.
Grid-modified polynomial transformation of satellite imagery

Abstract Satellite imagery produced by line scanners and vidicon cameras is radio-transmitted to ground stations and photoreproduced in computer controlled electron- or laser-beam devices. In mapping applications, the geometric distortion of images which inevitably results from these operations can be corrected by a polynomial transformation. A modification of its analytical formulation, which increases the solution efficiency is tested. It is found that the computation time can be significantly reduced and the accuracy of the solution improved.
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders: a morphologic, phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of disease

The post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders represent a spectrum of life-threatening, generally Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoid proliferations which occur in the setting of exogenous immunosuppression following organ transplantation. Histopathological, phenotypic, genotypic and Epstein-Barr virus studies have revealed a broad range of abnormalities. At one end of the spectrum, they are polymorphic polyclonal proliferations with many features of a florid viral infection and, at the other end, they are monomorphic and monoclonal which would fulfill the criteria for a conventional non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, usually of B-cell type. Some patients have both polyclonal and monoclonal lesions and some have two or more monoclonal populations. Finally, because of the varied appearances, different classification schemes have been developed with reported prognostic implications.
The Cole-Cole model in time domain induced polarization

Recently Pelton et al. (1978) used a Cole‐Cole relaxation model to simulate the transient voltages that are observed during an induced‐polarization survey. These authors took the impedance of the equivalent circuit Z(ω) to be Z(ω)=R01-m1-11+(iωτ)c.They then gave the expression for the transient voltage V1(t) as V1(t)=mR0I0∑n=0∞(-1)nΓ(nc+1)tτnc.In equation (2), I0 was misprinted as 1/I0. In these equations, m=1/(1+R1/R0) and R1, R0 and τ are constants to be determined for the given model. I0 is the height of the step current that will flow in the transmitter. A disadvantage of equation (2) is that it is only slowly convergent for large t/τ. Pelton et al. (1978) used a τ which ranged from 10-4 to 10-2. The purpose of this note is to provide an alternative expression for V1(t) that is valid only at the later stages but which does not have this disadvantage. The trivial case of c = 1.0 is ignored.
An immunodiffusion analysis of some antigens of Schistosoma mansoni adults

Abstract Living adult schistosomes were washed, quick-frozen, and lyophilized. Saline extracts were prepared from these worms as antigen for immunodiffusion tests. Antisera were obtained from rabbits initially injected into the toe pads with whole worm homogenates in Freund incomplete adjuvant followed by intravenous booster injections. Fourteen sera from seven rabbits were used to analyze the antigenic composition of the Schistosoma mansoni saline extract (SMSE), both by the double-diffusion tube technique of Preer and the double-diffusion plate technique of Ouchterlony. Total numbers of bands in the Preer tests were determined by plotting band position (P) against dilution of SMSE. All normal serum and saline controls were negative. From three to ten bands appeared when different antisera were set against SMSE. Ouchterlony analysis of these same sera and SMSE revealed from four to eleven bands, with all controls being negative. No reactions of nonidentity or partial identity were observed. By making many two-serum combinations against SMSE in three-basin plates, a minimum of eleven bands could be identified. Of 14 sera tested, three gave equal band numbers by both the Preer and Ouchterlony techniques. Ten sera gave more bands by the plate method whereas the tube method revealed more bands with one serum. Two bands, designated 4 and 7, are considered to represent the major antigens since they developed with each serum and were usually dense and sharp in appearance. Besides variations among antisera produced by different rabbits, variations among successive bleedings from a single rabbit were encountered. The present analysis was compared by immunodiffusion plates to an independent analysis published earlier by Kagan and Norman (1963) . Test antigens were SMSE and a Chaffee's extract of S. mansoni. The prior use of simple antisera (giving few bands with either antigen) permitted the proof of two relationships in the two systems: identity of their #2 band and my #4; and nonidentity of their #5 and my #7. With these established relationships as reference points, the comparison of two other, more complex antisera was made. The results indicated a good deal of correspondence in the two analyses, thereby confirming a part of Kagan and Norman's analysis. The main differences seen were quantitative although several qualitative differences were noted.
The Responses of Normal and Psoriatic Skin to Single and Multiple Topical Applications of Leukotriene B4

Topical application of single doses of leukotriene B 4 , (5–500 ng) under occlusion to the skin of normal volunteers and to the clinically normal skin of patients with untreated stable plaque psoriasis caused an inflammatory reaction lasting several days. Histologically, intraepidermal neutrophil microabscesses were seen in both groups following 50 ng applications of leukotriene B 4 , but there were significantly fewer intraepidermal neutrophils in the psoriatic than in the normal subjects. Nine repeated daily applications of leukotriene B 4 (50 ng) to the same site were associated with a reduction of the visible inflammatory response in both volunteer groups, although application of a single 50 ng dose of leukotriene B 4 to an adjacent, previously untreated site at the end of the multiple dose experiments elicited acute erythema and edema. Histologically, there were significantly fewer intraepidermal neutrophils in biopsies from sites to which 9 applications of leukotriene B 4 were made than in sites to which 1 dose had been applied at the end of the multiple-dose experiments in both psoriatic and normal volunteers. Therefore, repeated application of leukotriene B 4 is associated with decreased responsiveness which is due to a local mechanism in the repeatedly treated skin. No subject developed psoriasis following single or multiple applications of leukotriene B 4 , suggesting that the production of leukotriene B 4 in the epidermis is unlikely to be a primary pathogenic event in this disease.
Visual statistical learning can drive object-based attentional selection

Recent work on statistical learning has demonstrated that environmental regularities can influence aspects of perception, such as familiarity judgments. Here, we ask if statistical co-occurrences accumulated from visual statistical learning could form objects that serve as the units of attention (i.e., object-based attention). Experiment 1 demonstrated that, after observers first viewed pairs of shapes that co-occurred in particular spatial relationships, they were able to recognize the co-occurring pairs, and were faster to discriminate two targets when they appeared within a learned pair ("object") than when the targets appeared between learned pairs, demonstrating an equivalent of an object-based attention effect. Experiment 2 replicated the results of Experiment 1 using a different set of shape pairs, and revealed a negative association between the attention effect and familiarity judgments of the co-occurred pairs. Experiment 3 reports three control experiments that validated the task procedure and ruled out alternative accounts.
Effects of various carotenoids on cloned, effector-stage T-helper cell activity

Astaxanthin, a carotenoid without provitamin A activity, enhances murine T-helper (Th) cell clone-mediated antibody (Ab) production with suboptimal antigen (Ag) challenges. It also suppresses interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by cloned murine Th1 cells. beta-Carotene is less effective than astaxanthin. This study evaluates the effects of various carotenoids with various relative polarity, provitamin A activity, and antioxidant activity. Carotenoids tested include astaxanthin, cantaxanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein, and lycopene, and their effects were tested at a concentration at which astaxanthin's effect was most potent. A.E7 and CDC35 cells are used as representative type 1 and type 2 Th cell (Th1 and Th2) clones, respectively. In the Th1 clone, astaxanthin, but not other carotenoids, suppressed IFN-gamma production and increased the number of Ab-secreting cells with the use of primed spleen cells. With cultures of Th1 cells and unprimed spleen cells, astaxanthin and zeaxanthin augmented the number of immunoglobulin M Ab-secreting cells. In the cultures of Th2 clone and primed spleen cells, astaxanthin, but not other carotenoids, enhanced the number of Ab-secreting cells. With unprimed spleen cells, lycopene suppressed Th2 clone-mediated Ab production. Interleukin-5 production by the Th2 clone was not significantly altered with the carotenoids tested, irrespective of the use of unprimed or primed spleen cells. Carotenoid actions on Th cells may vary in each carotenoid and do not seem to be closely associated with carotenoid antioxidant activity or relative polarity.
Beyond family structure: The family in domestic comedy

This inquiry examined the portrayal of family relationships in domestic comedy. Participants were randomly assigned to view and evaluate samples of thirteen programs, selected for the study on the basis of their popularity during the period 1950‐1990. Separate discriminant function analyses of spousal and parent‐child relations showed that spousal relations were defined in terms of receptiveness and expressiveness while parent‐child relations were defined in terms of the effectiveness of child socialization and the affective tone of the relationship. Further examination provided strong evidence that the development of the television family has occurred as a stepwise process in which successive generations have been characterized by changed levels of relational openness and a general trend toward increased expression of affect in spousal relations. The study yielded no support for the claim that family life and family relations have deteriorated across time in the television family although there was evide...
High velocity interparticle collisions driven by ultrasound.

Ultrasonic irradiation of slurries produces high velocity impacts between solid metal particles that are sufficient to cause interparticle melting. Sonication of 5 μm Zn powder as a slurry in alkanes, for example, produces dense agglomerates 50 μm in diameter consisting of ∼1000 fused particles. Particle size was found to be the most influential parameter in inducing local melting during interparticle collisions. Ultrasonic irradiation of mixed powders resulted in formation of agglomerates with larger Zn particles “soldered” by the smaller ones. A simple kinematic model of the ultrasound-driven interparticle fusion predicts a melting criterion that is nonmonotonically dependent on particle size and is shown to be in agreement with experiment.
Pseudomonas putida cytochrome P-450. Binding of a spin-labeled analog of the inhibitor metyrapone.

A spin-labeled analog of metyrapone, 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl nicotinate, is similar to metyrapone in its effect on the absorbance spectrum of camphor-free ferric cytochrome P-450, shifting the Soret band from 418 to 420 nm. Spectrophotometric studies demonstrate that binding of the spin-labeled molecule is competitive with substrate (camphor) binding and yield a value of 4.1×105 m −1 for the equilibrium association constant Ka of the spin label-enzyme complex. Addition of cytochrome P-450 to an aqueous solution of the spin label considerably diminishes the EPR signal of the free, or unbound, spin label, which can be restored to a large extent by subsequent addition of camphor or metyrapone. The value of Ka determined from EPR titrations is consistent with that cited above. The EPR signal of the spin label bound to cytochrome P-450 is that of an immobilized nitroxide species in proximity to the paramagnetic ferric cation of the hemeprotein. From EPR data, the distance between these two paramagnetic species bound to the same enzyme molecule has been determined. The experimental results indicate that the spin label is directly coordinated through its pyridine nitrogen atom to the heme iron of cytochrome P-450 and that metyrapone binds similarly.
Imprint induced failure modes in ferroelectric non-volatile memories

Abstract The development of a preferential state in FE capacitors due to prolonged storage in a particular memory state, i.e. “preferential aging induced imprint,” causes a significant vulnerability in FE non-volatile memories. Imprint due to repeated rewriting of the capacitor or by the application of a DC bias, i.e. “external bias induced imprint,” appears to be much more common in FE capacitors than preferential aging induced imprint, but may not pose as serious a problem from a reliability standpoint.
Localizer receiver proximity and capture

There are times when it is necessary to locate two localizer systems in close proximity of each other. When this is done the two systems have the potential to interfere with each other and the flyability of the localizer can be impaired. In fact when two systems are located at the opposite end of the same runway, interference through mere brute force does occur. To minimize this interference FAA Order 6750.16d requires interlocks to be installed to ensure that only one ILS can radiate at a time. Usually this interlock is operated from the control tower. In Airports where there is no control tower the issue becomes a little more complicated. The intent of this paper is to analyze this interference and develop a model that can predict the effect of one system over the other. How well the receiver discriminates between the radiations of the system that are in proximity to each other depends on the receiver selectivity. The response of these receivers under the capture effect conditions will then depend on the capability of the receiver to reproduce the beat frequency waveform that results when the carrier from one system adds to the carrier from the other. Model results do indicate that the receiver capture systems do perform very well in these circumstances however a slight deviation of the aircraft from the centerline will result in excessive perturbations on course information for approaching aircraft during over flight of the opposite end localizer antenna array.
Hepatic oxygenation during arterial hypoxemia in neonatal lambs

We identified the effects of reductions in arterial blood oxygen concentration from 15.0 to 4.0 ml O 2 /dl blood on hepatic blood flow, oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption and oxygen extraction in nine chronically catheterized lambs, 9 ± 1 (SD) days of age. Hypoxemia was induced by administering a gas mixture low in oxygen to the unanesthetized lambs. Hepatic blood flow was measured with the radioactive microsphere technique; hepatic oxygen delivery, extraction, and consumption were calculated with modifications of the Fick principle. When the lambs breathed room air, hepatic blood flow was 235 ± 30 ml/min/100 gm (mean ± SD); hepatic oxygen delivery, 24.6 ± 3.0 ml O 2 /min/100 gm; oxygen extraction, 37 ± 11%; and hepatic oxygen consumption, 8.9 ± 1.9 ml O 2 /min/100 gm. As arterial blood oxygen concentration was reduced from 15 to 6.5 ml O 2 /dl blood, hepatic blood flow did not change. When the concentration was less than 6.5 ml O 2 /dl, hepatic blood flow decreased as a result of a decrease in portal blood flow. Hepatic oxygen delivery decreased in the whole range of arterial blood oxygen concentrations studied. Despite reductions in oxygen delivery of up to 50%, hepatic oxygen consumption did not fall because hepatic oxygen extraction increased as compensation. Oxygen consumption, however, was stable only when hepatic blood flow did not change in response to hypoxemia. When hepatic blood flow fell, hepatic oxygen consumption also fell. Our data indicate that hepatic oxygen requirements can be met during hypoxemia by increases in hepatic oxygen extraction as long as hepatic blood flow does not change. When hepatic blood flow falls, hepatic oxygen consumption decreases even though oxygen reserves are still present. These data indicate that hepatic oxygenation in the neonate, as in the adult, is dependent on stable hepatic perfusion rather than adequate oxygen supply.
The new ‘Brand America’

This paper takes stock of what might be called ‘the new Brand America’ as it came to evolve during the US presidential campaign and after the elections on 2nd November, 2004. It argues that because George W. Bush after a bruising campaign was returned to power with a clear majority of the votes, the pre-election pronouncements — including this author's own — about what Brand America ‘truly’ stood for have been proven wrong. The Bush administration's policies, especially on the international stage, have in fact launched a new Brand America, positioning America first and the rest of the world a distant second, just as the neo-conservatives promised early on in Bush's first administration. To the expressed dismay of many people abroad, this new brand has now been embraced by a majority of Americans.