cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preventive Dental Care for Children in the United States: A National Perspective

OBJECTIVE. Preventive dental care is a cornerstone of optimal oral health. However, in 1996, only 38% of US children received preventive dental care. We used the National Survey of Children9s Health to (1) describe the proportion of US children with ≥1 preventive dental visit within the previous year, (2) identify factors that were associated with preventive dental care use, and (3) test the hypothesis that preventive dental care use by near-poor children is associated with State Child Health Insurance Program policies for covering dental care. METHODS. The National Survey of Children9s Health includes data from 102353 children, weighted to represent 72.7 million children, nationally. Our outcome of interest was ≥1 preventive dental visit in the past year. We conducted multivariate regression analysis to identify factors that were associated significantly with this outcome using Stata survey capabilities. RESULTS. In 2003, 72% of US children had a reported preventive dental care visit in the previous year. On multivariable analysis, we found that being young, black or multiracial relative to white, lower income, and lacking a personal doctor were variables with a significantly lower likelihood of a preventive dental visit. Children in states with State Child Health Insurance Program dental coverage and broadest income eligibility had a 24% higher likelihood of a preventive dental visit when compared with children in states with limited or no State Child Health Insurance Program coverage for dental services, on adjusted analysis. CONCLUSIONS. Although the proportion of US children with a preventive dental visit now is higher than previously reported, children who are at highest risk for dental problems still are those who are least likely to receive preventive dental care. When states cover preventive dental care at income eligibility levels ≥200% of the federal poverty level, there is a greater likelihood that near-poor children will receive preventive dental care.
Identification and Characteristics of a Novel Burkholderia Strain with Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity

A Burkholderia strain isolated from soil is capable of inhibiting the growth of bacteria, plant-pathogenic fungi, pathogenic yeasts, and protozoa. Inhibition does not involve cell contact or the presence of living cells, suggesting that at least a substantial portion of the antimicrobial activity is due to the excretion of extracellular compounds.
Intimate Partnership: Foundation to the Successful Balance of Family and Work

Researchers have begun documenting the adaptive strategies of dualearner couples in balancing family and work. This line of research provides therapists and dual-earners with research-based strategies for effective work-family balance. Data for this study were drawn primarily from interviews with 47 middle-class, dual-earner couples with children, who perceive themselves as successful in balancing family and work. The majority of these couples stated that striving for marital partnership or equality is an integral strategy to their success. This article details how these couples practiced marital partnership in ways that supported effective work-family balance; their descriptions clustered into six general partnership themes: shared housework, mutual and active involvement in childcare, joint decision-making, equal access to and influence over finances, value placed on both partners work/life goals, and shared emotion work. Both quantitative and qualitative data indicated that these successful couples equ...
Development and composition of lymphoid lesions in the spleens of Marek's disease virus-infected chickens: Association with virus spread and the pathogenesis of Marek's disease.

Changes in lymphocyte distribution in spleens of Marek's disease virus (MDV) infected White Leghorn chickens of line 72 (MD susceptible) and line 61 (MD resistant) were studied by immunocytochemistry. Lymphocytes expressing the MDV antigen pp38 (predominantly B cells) were detected from 4 to 6 days post-inoculation (d.p.i.) but not at or after 8 d.p.i., and were more numerous in line 72. In line 61, infection resulted in depletion of B lymphocytes and an increase in T lymphocytes from 3 to 6 d.p.i., but no change in distribution of these cells. From 8 d.p.i., the B-dependent tissue began to recover and the T cells decreased in number. In line 72, infection caused a dramatic change in lymphocyte distribution, with formation of 'lymphoid lesions'. Diffuse, irregular patches of B lymphocytes, around the capillaries, became surrounded by large aggregates of TCRαβ1+ CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocytes, bordered by a band of TCRγδ+ lymphocytes. From 8 d.p.i., the B-dependent areas partially recovered, while TCRαβ1+ CD4+ ...
Advances in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and the spondyloarthropathies

The 70th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) took place in Washington, DC, USA, from November 10–15, 2006. More than 13,000 attendees, a record number, which included over 9500 scientists, registered for the meeting. Approximately 2000 abstracts were presented, along with a number of state-ofthe-art lectures and topical symposia. While it is not feasible to review all of the important findings from this meeting, an attempt will be made to highlight selected abstracts. This article will focus on the advances in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthropathies (SpA), while a followup article will discuss treatment of connective tissue diseases.
Antisense RNA-mediated reduction of p53 induces malignant phenotype in nontumorigenic rat urothelial cells.

p53 mutation is commonly associated with high-grade, high-stage human urothelial carcinomas. Recent studies suggest that p53 mutation in low-grade, low-stage bladder carcinomas may be correlated with the progression of the disease. In the present study, we used antisense RNA methodology in vitro to evaluate the significance of the loss of p53 function at an early stage of urinary bladder carcinogenesis. An immortalized nontumorigenic rat urothelial cell line (MYP3) that strongly expresses wild-type (WT) p53 was transfected with a plasmid (pcDL-SRa-296) containing a rat WT p53 cDNA in antisense orientation. The transfection resulted in a significant reduction in p53 mRNA expression and protein synthesis, in stimulation of anchorage-dependent growth, and in acquisition of anchorage-independent growth potential. Three such clones, when tested in athymic nude mice, all formed muscle-invasive, high-grade transitional cell carcinomas at s.c. injection sites. When cells were inoculated into an orthotopic site (urinary bladder), one of two antisense transfectants tested formed bulky tumors in the bladder in all seven nude mice and metastases to lungs in three of the seven mice. Analysis of these cells revealed a decrease in the expression of p21 (WAF1, sdi1, or CIP1) and retinoblastoma (Rb) gene product. Phosphorylation of Rb protein was not inhibited when the cells were starved. No significant difference was observed in the expression of p16 protein. In cell cycle analysis, all antisense transfectants tested escaped from G1 arrest by starvation. Furthermore, secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 into culture medium was increased significantly. Treatment with anti-IL-6 antibody suppressed anchorage-dependent growth. This study directly demonstrates that the loss of p53 function at an early stage of urothelial carcinogenesis may result in acquisition of a malignant phenotype by regulating IL-6 production as well as cell cycle related genes.
A perspective on the approach to the intersex child born with genital ambiguity.

Factors that have led to reassessment of the care of intersex patients are discussed with specific attention to the following issues: 1) role of the parents in medical decisions, 2) full disclosure to patients and parents of details of results of diagnostic tests, possible therapies, and outcome date, 3) excessive exposure during medical examinations, 4) the impact of in utero androgen upon the central nervous system, and 5) the challenge, to defer surgery until the child is 'old enough' to give consent. An overview of the approach to intersex patients is included with particular emphasis upon the 'optimal gender' approach developed about 50 years ago. It is clear that care of the child with genital ambiguity must be individualized, with parents and patients regularly receiving updated information concerning the etiology, treatment and outcome among children with similar diagnoses. A medical team approach is advocated, with the goal of striking the best balance between outcome data and differing opinions.
Adiponectin Enhances Mouse Fetal Fat Deposition

Maternal obesity increases offspring birth weight and susceptibility to obesity. Adiponectin is an adipocyte-secreted hormone with a prominent function in maintaining energy homeostasis. In contrast to adults, neonatal blood adiponectin levels are positively correlated with anthropometric parameters of adiposity. This study was designed to investigate the role of adiponectin in maternal obesityenhanced fetal fat deposition. By using high-fat diet–induced obese mouse models, our study showed that maternal obesity increased fetal fat tissue mass, with a significant elevation in fetal blood adiponectin. However, adiponectin gene knockout (Adipoq−/−) attenuated maternal obesity-induced high fetal fat tissue mass. We further studied the effects of fetal adiponectin on fetal fat deposition by using a cross breeding approach to create Adipoq−/+ and Adipoq−/− offspring, whereas maternal adiponectin was null. Adipoq−/+ offspring had more fat tissue mass at both birth and adulthood. Significantly high levels of lipogenic genes, such as sterol regulatory element–binding protein 1c and fatty acid synthase, were detected in the livers of Adipoq−/+ fetuses. In addition, expression of genes for placental fatty acid transport was significantly increased in Adipoq−/+ fetuses. Together, our study indicates that adiponectin enhances fetal fat deposition and plays an important role in maternal obesity-induced high birth weight.
Establishment of New Mutations in Changing Environments

Understanding adaptation in changing environments is an important topic in evolutionary genetics, especially in the light of climatic and environmental change. In this work, we study one of the most fundamental aspects of the genetics of adaptation in changing environments: the establishment of new beneficial mutations. We use the framework of time-dependent branching processes to derive simple approximations for the establishment probability of new mutations assuming that temporal changes in the offspring distribution are small. This approach allows us to generalize Haldane’s classic result for the fixation probability in a constant environment to arbitrary patterns of temporal change in selection coefficients. Under weak selection, the only aspect of temporal variation that enters the probability of establishment is a weighted average of selection coefficients. These weights quantify how much earlier generations contribute to determining the establishment probability compared to later generations. We apply our results to several biologically interesting cases such as selection coefficients that change in consistent, periodic, and random ways and to changing population sizes. Comparison with exact results shows that the approximation is very accurate.
Blocking the effects of IL‐1 in rheumatoid arthritis protects bone and cartilage

Destruction of articular joints occurs progressively in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although the exact aetiology of RA has not been fully elucidated, a large body of evidence supports a role for interleukin-1 (IL-1) in cartilage and bone erosion. In vitro studies suggest that IL-1 can cause cartilage destruction by stimulating the release of matrix metalloproteinases and other degradative products, and it can increase bone resorption by stimulating osteoclast differentiation and activation. In animal models of RA, blocking the effects of IL-1 with either IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra; endogenous), anti-IL-1 monoclonal antibodies, or soluble IL-1 type II receptors significantly reduced cartilage destruction and bone erosion. Gene therapy with IL-1Ra was also effective in reducing joint destruction in experimental RA and osteoarthritis (OA) models. In clinical studies, anakinra, a human recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra; exogenous), significantly slowed radiographic progression of RA relative to placebo and significantly reduced clinical symptoms when used as monotherapy or in addition to existing methotrexate therapy. These results demonstrate that blocking IL-1 protects bone and cartilage from progressive destruction in RA.
Influence of Composition and Hot Rolling Conditions on Microstructure and Texture of Nb-Ti Stabilized FSS

In this paper, the influence of chemical compositon on the formability of γ-fibre texture, and the hot band microstrcture has been studied. Experiments have been conducted to investigate the effect of hot rolling conditions. Nb-Ti added and Nb-Ti free specimens hot rolled in differencd hot rolling conditions have been compared. The results show that, the change in band width is dependent on hot rolling tempreture. When the hot band are rolled at the temperature of 1150-950 °C, large sizes on ferrite grain are observed, and this character is presented more obviously in the specimen with no Nb-Ti. As the incresaing of the hot rolling temperature, the intensity of γ-fibre texture decreases. γ-fibre texture presented in Nb-Ti added specimen is stronger under three hot rolling conditions.
Work Function Measurement of Lanthanum - Boron Compounds

The La-B system was studied between LaB4.24 and LaB29.2, and between 1400 and 2100 K to determine the phase relationship, the chemical activity of the components, the vaporization rate and the vapor composition. A blue colored phase near LaB9 was found to exist between purple colored LaB6 and elemental boron. Diffusion is so much slower than vaporization that large composition differences can exist between the surface and the interior which, nevertheless, produce a steady state loss rate from freely vaporizing material. The flux at 1700 K is 6 × 10-10 g/cm2-sec for LaB4 + LaB6 and 7 × 10-11 g/cm2-sec for LaB6 + LaB9. There is an activation energy which lowers the vaporization rate of boron from LaB6. Freely vaporizing material will have a steady state surface composition between LaB6.04 and LaB6.07, depending on temperaure, purity and interior composition. The free energy of formation of LaB6 is (0.071T-351) kJ/mole between 1700 K and 2100 K.
Enabling agile manufacturing through reconfigurable control solutions

To cope with quick variation in product demand, modern automation systems shall be able to conjugate increasing complexity of controlled processes with agile reconfiguration of flexible manufacturing systems. To such an aim, structured approaches for reconfigurable system design, based on formal reference models, have to be provided. Mandatory condition for the adoption of such approaches is the identification of methodological guidelines, capable to proof their foundation and validity on real industrial application cases. In such a context, present paper describes main steps of a structured control system development approach - starting from UML based specification, integrating IEC 61499 based control design and closed-loop simulation based verification techniques - focusing a real industrial plant.
Leatherback Turtle Nesting Trends and Threats at Tortuguero, Costa Rica

ABSTRACT Leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) nesting activity was monitored, individual movements via flipper tag recoveries and satellite telemetry were determined, and illegal egg collection was quantified at Tortuguero, Costa Rica from 1995 to 2006. Annual nest deposition was estimated at 199–1,623 nests per year; a Bayesian regression model suggests that leatherback nesting decreased by 67.8% between 1995 and 2006. Tag recaptures from fisheries bycatch and strandings have been reported from Cuba, Nicaragua, and the United States. Two leatherbacks were followed with satellite telemetry; 1 swam to Cuba and 1 moved into the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Minimum rates for illegal egg collection from 2000 to 2005 were estimated at 13.0%–21.5%.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Positivity in Angiomyolipoma Contiguous to Renal Cell Carcinoma: Report of Two Cases with Immunohistochemical Analysis

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and angiomyolipoma (AML), usually unassociated, have occasionally been reported to coexist in the same person, usually in patients with tuberous sclerosis. We report two patients without tuberous sclerosis whose nephrectomy specimens contained renal cell carcinoma directly contiguous to AML in the same kidney. When immunohistochemical staining for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was performed on the RCCs, an interesting observation was made. The contiguous AMLs demonstrated strong positivity for EGFR, a feature not observed in isolated AMLs. The significance of this finding is unclear. Paracrine regulation may exist between these two closely adjacent tumors leading to synchronous high expression of EGFR in the AML adjacent to RCC, which may in turn affect the biologic behavior of these AMLs, compared to AMLs not associated with RCC.
The Case for Engineering Probability

Engineering probability concerns the derivation of probabilistic models from the physical laws, geometric constraints, and other engineering knowledge concerning an engineering system. This article shows how this can be done systematically. The engineering domain expertise is translated into a set of symmetries on the distribution, which is then translated into Bayesian likelihood models. One can then leverage off of Bayesian statistical theory to incorporate data into the model. The article uses a simple second-order system to demonstrate these techniques.
Episodic, seasonal, and annual export of atmospheric and microbial nitrate from a temperate forest

It remains difficult to assess the timing and amount of atmospherically deposited and microbial nitrate (NO3-NAtm and NO3-NMicro, respectively) reaching streams. To elucidate temporal variation of NO3-NAtm and NO3-NMicro, we measured nitrate concentrations, δ17O-NO3−, and δ18O-NO3− in a stream draining a gaged, forested watershed in the central Appalachian Mountains throughout a range of hydrological conditions during two water years. From the isotopic data we calculated Δ17O-NO3− values, which were used to calibrate a statistical load model to estimate export of NO3-NAtm and NO3-NMicro. A hydrograph separation was used to estimate loss of NO3-NAtm and NO3-NMicro through base flow and direct runoff pathways. NO3-NAtm contributed 7–11% of the total nitrate yields and paralleled seasonal patterns of NO3-NMicro. Yields of NO3-NAtm and NO3-NMicro in streamflow during the study period were dominated (61 and 85%, respectively) by base flow transport, suggesting that base flow is a major loss pathway for both nitrate species from this watershed.
Beloved are the Storytellers

At his death in 1999, England's Lord Denning was eulogized as "the best-loved judge in the whole of our history." Similarly, Justice Benjamin Cardozo has been called "America's best-loved judge." This brief Commentary examines an attribute shared by these two revered judges: a distinctive, storytelling style of opinion writing.
Effects of Multiparasitism on the Parasitization Behavior and Progeny Development of Oriental Fruit Fly Parasitoids (HYmenoptera: Braconidae)

Multiparasitism (the same fruit fly hosts are parasitized by different parasitoids) of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera (=Dacus) dorsalis (Hendel), had differential effects on the progeny development of the egg parasitoid Biosteres arisanus (Sonan) and the larval parasitoids Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) and Psyttalia incisi (Silvestri). In addition, contact with previously parasitized hosts had varying effects on oviposition behavior of D. longicaudata and P. incisi. Progeny of each of the 3 species successfully developed in multiparasitized hosts. However, effect of multiparasitism was more costly to survival and emergence of D. longicaudata than to B. arisanus or P. incisi. Competition for the same hosts between D. longicaudata and P. incisi resulted in disproportionately large numbers of progeny by either species depending on which parasitoid the host larvae were exposed to first. Naive females of D. longicaudata and P. incisi oviposited in healthy and parasitized fruit fly larvae. However, oviposition by D. longicaudata was more restrained toward larval hosts that were parasitized initially by B. arisanus, P. incisi, or both. Our results provided a basis for better understanding of the consequences of multispecies releases of fruit fly parasitoids.
Teaching history and political economy through soccer

The author draws lessons from having taught ‘soccer courses’ on eight occasions in a wide variety of settings: a Californian liberal arts college; a German university; and Californian and Ugandan prisons. In outlining this experience he makes four arguments. First, it is not difficult to craft academically rigorous courses focused on the game. Second, soccer courses lend themselves to experimental pedagogies, particularly with regard to community engagement. Third, the immense popular appeal soccer classes have can make getting students to think critically about the game difficult. Finally, anyone thinking about teaching a soccer course should do it; it could be the best teaching experience of your life.
Immunization with Rough Mutants of Salmonella minnesota. IV. Protection by Antisera to O and Rough Antigens Against Endotoxin

The protection by antisera to O antigens and antigens (lipid A, the Re 595 mutant of Salmonella minnesota, and the J5 mutant of Escherichia coli) of the core portion of endotoxin against lethal challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was compared. Rabbits immunized with the Re mutant developed antibody that protected mice against challenge with S. minnesota or Salmonella typhosa LPS. Antisera to heterologous O antigen and lipid A were not protective, whereas homologous antisera and antiserum to the Re or J5 mutant protected against lethal challenge. On a volumetric basis, O-specific antiserum was consistently somewhat more protective than antiserum to the Re mutant, which was slightly more protective than antiserum to the J5 mutant. When comparisons were made using passive transfer to similar quantities of hemagglutinating or precipitating antibody, antiserum to the Re mutant was considerably more protective than O-specific antiserum. This greater protection is hypothesized to result from more effective masking of the toxic lipid A moiety by antibody to the rough mutants than by O-specific antibody.
On the influence of light on the electric potential of bacterial and other suspensions

Experiments in this laboratory have shown that light and other forms of radiant energy exert a marked influence on the rate of wandering in the electric current. Thus the rate of wandering of arsenic sulphide suspensions is about twice as great in the dark as under strong illumination in the sun, or in the carbon arc or in the Nernst lamp. On the other hand, the rate of wandering of mastic emulsions is increased under strong illumination, and that to the extent of about forty per cent. of the value in the dark. Ferric hydroxide is retarded in the light to the extent of about six per cent., while chlorophyll suspensions are accelerated in the light to the extent of about forty per cent. The effect of the radiant energy is not in general instantaneous, but requires a few minutes exposure to reach its greatest value. In general also the effect is reversible, that is colloids whose rates of wandering have been influenced by radiant energy, return to their original values if kept in the dark for some minutes.T...
Abstract B34: Multigenic models of metastatic colon cancer inDrosophila

Colon cancer is the third most common form of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in theWestern world. When it is detected at late stages with distant metastases already present, it is unlikely to be curable. This is largely due to the resistance of many late stage tumors to most targeted therapies and even chemotherapy. Development of new animal models of colon cancer that reflect the complex, multigenic and heterogeneous nature of human tumors will be essential in improving our ability to understand the biology of this disease and develop new targeted therapies. The Drosophila colon is remarkably similar to the human colon in terms of the signaling pathways that regulate its maintenance. We took advantage of this similarity to establish models of metastatic colon cancer in Drosophila that closely reflect features of human cancer. To this end, we utilized recent mutational profiling data from human colon tumors to generate flies carrying double, triple and quadruple combinations of mutations that are frequently found together in human tumors. We then investigated the tumorigenic and metastatic potential of these combinations by targeting them specifically to the adult Drosophila colon. We focused our initial analysis on three quadruple combinations: 1) ras G12V p53 RNAi apc RNAi pten RNAi , 2) ras G12V p53 RNAi apc RNAi Smad4 RNAi and 3) egfr p53 RNAi apc RNAi Smad4 RNAi . Colon epithelial cells carrying these combinations of mutations started expressing metastasis-related factors and established membrane processes; we are currently exploring the molecular nature of these tumor-like phenotypes. Eventually, these cells migrated through the basal membrane and the surrounding visceral muscle layer and colonized other sites within the body to form secondary tumors. Interestingly, these migratory cells were often found closely associated with trachea, a tubular network that provides oxygen to tissues in Drosophila. A more detailed characterization of the behavior of these cells as they leave the gut epithelium, as well as the secondary tumors are currently underway. We are also investigating emergent properties of these combinations by monitoring the behavior of cells carrying various double and triple combinations that make up the quadruple combinations we first analyzed. These models provide excellent paradigms to study tumorigenesis and metastasis in the context of a whole animal. Our findings will also shed light on the heterogeneity found in individual tumors, an important step towards personalized medicine. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):B34.
Political Activism as Part of a Broader Civic Engagement: The Case of SEIU Florida Healthcare Union

This article examines the impact of a Florida health care union’s political activities on broader member “civic engagement.” Its grassroots political approach (membership education, leadership deve...
Singing for your supper : Acoustical luring of avian prey by northern Shrikes

Northern Shrikes (Lanius excubitor) are predatory songbirds in which both sexes sing much of the year. I experimentally tested the hypothesis that winter singing by Northem Shrikes serves the purpose of attracting small passerines to be captured as prey. I broadcast Northem Shrike song for 5 min while recording the number of small passerines that approached the tape player, time taken for approach to occur, nearest approach, and mean number of call notes given by each small passerine observed. A blank tape and the song of American Robin (Turdus migratorius) were controls. Treatment effect was significant for number of passerines observed, time taken for approach, and nearest approach, but not for the number of call notes given by each passerine. More small passerines were observed during the Northem Shrike song and these songbirds responded more quickly and approached more closely than during the control and robin treatments. These results support the hypothesis that Northern Shrikes acoustically lure prey.
Polarographic Assays of Mitochondrial Functions

Publisher Summary This chapter describes a typical protocol for measuring respiratory rates and its accompanied oxidative phosphorylation, which are catalyzed by isolated mitochondria. The polarographic technique for measuring mitochondrial oxidative changes requires the following four basic components: an oxygen electrode, a closed reaction vessel, a constant voltage source, and a recorder. The reaction vessel can be constructed of glass, Plexiglas, or polycarbonate, and the design and the size of the vessel vary, depending on the requirements of the system under investigation. The temperature of the reaction chamber is constantly maintained with a water jacket. Constant stirring of the contents of the reaction chamber is accomplished by a disk-shaped, plastic-encased magnet located at the bottom of the reaction chamber. It is imperative that closed reaction vessels are utilized so that air bubbles are not trapped and back diffusion of oxygen is reduced to a minimum. To facilitate this, the bottom of the plug is uneven to ensure that no air bubbles are trapped.
Problems in Non-Athenian Drama: Some Questions about South Italy and Sicily

As Martin Revermann forecast in 1999, the reception history of Greek drama has become ‘big business’ and, as the present volume demonstrates, we are indeed trying to move beyond the ‘Atheno-centric civic ideology approach to Greek drama, which has, fruitfully, been dominating our mode of thinking for quite some time now'. Nevertheless, like Revermann, I believe that work on the reciprocity between social context and theatre that Nothing to do with Dionysos? Athenian Drama in its Social Context (1990) so well exemplifies has been and continues to be an important approach to the field. Examining plays not simply as literary works, but as integral parts of social and political systems, remains a useful method of inquiry. Indeed, one strand of useful research may build on the work that has been done to situate Greek drama in Athens to ask similar questions about theatre outside Athens.In the case of South Italy and Sicily, the problem is particularly pressing. This is not only because of the traditional separation between the fields of philology, epigraphy, history, archaeology, art history and political science, which made comprehensive examination of theatre as a social and political phenomenon difficult in Athens, but also because of competing histories of the development of theatre in the ancient Greek world. In particular, the history of Athenian theatre, both from the literary perspective and now from the socio-political perspective, is so dominant that it often incorporates into its own narrative what evidence there is for theatre outside Attica. Likewise, from the later period, Roman theatre includes the evidence from Sicily and South Italy into its own history, though to a lesser extent. Nothing to Do with Dionysos? may nevertheless serve as a model for the development of a vital, and still missing, perspective on the theatrical evidence that remains from the West. How did drama and the theatre fit into the socio-political contexts of Greek cities outside Attica? Is it possible to write the history of Sicilian and South Italian theatre, or were these new world cities only recipients of the Attic theatre and stepping stones to that of Rome?I attempt below to set out a few of the questions that, I think, frame the debate. This is a preliminary, tentative examination of some of the problems that arise in this field, and it is not in any way exhaustive.
Who Is Responsible for Security

No matter what their role in the organization, everyone is responsible for security. From the CEO to the mailroom, all users are at risk and can be targeted by social engineers in both technical and nontechnical attacks.
Concomitant use of direct-acting antivirals and chemotherapy in hepatitis C virus-infected patients with cancer

SummaryBackground Antiviral therapy improves hepatic outcomes in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected cancer patients. However, such patients are not treated simultaneously with antivirals and chemotherapy, owing to overlapping toxicities with previous standard of care treatment of pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Aim To examine the safety and clinically-significant drug–drug interactions observed in patients who received simultaneous treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and chemotherapy. Methods Safety was determined by the presence of adverse events which were graded according to the division of AIDS Table (version 2.0). Adverse events were monitored throughout antiviral treatment and up to 3 months after its completion. Drug–drug interactions were assessed using current online databases. Sustained virological response (SVR) was defined as absence of serum HCV RNA 12 weeks after end of DAA treatment. Cirrhosis was diagnosed via imaging, biopsy or with the use of non-invasive fibrosis markers. Results Twenty-one patients received concomitant treatment with DAAs and chemotherapy between January 2013 and September 2016. Concomitant treatment was started either for virological (14; 67%) or oncologic (7; 33%) reasons. DAAs used were sofosbuvir, ledipasvir, simeprevir, daclatasvir ± ribavirin. The adverse events observed were mainly constitutional (12; 57%), hematological and gastrointestinal (7; 33% each). Physicians changed the DAA regimens in two patients (10%) in anticipation of drug–drug interactions with daclatasvir and dexamethasone. The overall SVR rate was 95% (20/21). Conclusions Hepatitis C virus-targeted antiviral therapy can be used concomitantly with selected anti-neoplastic agents under close monitoring for drug–drug interactions. This therapeutic intervention may prevent delays in the administration of chemotherapy in HCV-infected cancer patients.
Abstract 5913: The impact of daily exercise on tumor perfusion

Aberrant blood vessel networks in solid tumors lead to impaired tissue perfusion and areas of hypoxia (pO2 Citation Format: Jennifer M. Wiggins, Sharon Lepler, Christine Pampo, Lori Rice, Jennifer A. Lee, Dietmar Siemann. The impact of daily exercise on tumor perfusion [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5913. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5913
Dynamic modeling of steric effects on polarizable electrodes

We present a new dynamic ionic transport model to describe the interface of a polarizable electrode with an explicit expression of the steric effect. This is essential for describing the capacitive and transient responses of any field-effect chemical sensors in electrolytes. Based on the revised diffusivity and Einstein relation to account for steric repulsion, the model is named Steric Poly-Electrolyte Ebbed Drift Diffusion (SPEEDD). We then present experimental validation and extraction of the steric ionic size by the potential step responses. Correction to the hard-shell model is briefly discussed.
Fission product inventory and burnup evaluation of the AGR-2 irradiation by gamma spectrometry

Abstract Gamma spectrometry has been used to evaluate the burnup and fission product inventory of different components from the US Advanced Gas Reactor Fuel Development and Qualification Program’s second TRISO-coated particle fuel irradiation test (AGR-2). TRISO fuel in this irradiation included both uranium carbide/uranium oxide (UCO) kernels and uranium oxide (UO 2 ) kernels. Four of the 6 capsules contained fuel from the US Advanced Gas Reactor program, and only those capsules will be discussed in this work. The inventories of gamma-emitting fission products from the fuel compacts, graphite compact holders, graphite spacers and test capsule shell were evaluated. The measured activities were used to calculate the fractional release of fission products such as Cs-137, Cs-134, Eu-154, Ce-144, and Ag-110m from the compacts. The fraction of Ag-110m retained in the compacts ranged from 1.8% to full retention. Additionally, the activities of the radioactive cesium isotopes (Cs-134 and Cs-137) have been used to evaluate the burnup of all US TRISO fuel compacts in the irradiation. The experimental burnup evaluations compare favorably with burnups predicted from physics simulations. Predicted burnups for UCO compacts range from 7.26 to 13.15% fission per initial metal atom (FIMA) and 9.01–10.69% FIMA for UO 2 compacts. Measured burnup ranged from 7.3 to 13.1% FIMA for UCO compacts and 8.5–10.6% FIMA for UO 2 compacts. Results from gamma emission computed tomography performed on compacts and graphite holders that reveal the distribution of different fission products in a component will also be discussed. Gamma tomography of graphite holders was also used to locate the position of TRISO fuel particles suspected of having silicon carbide layer failures that lead to in-pile cesium release.
Abstract TP76: Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage After IV tPA for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Relative Contraindications

Introduction: Contraindications to IV tPA in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) limits access to a proven medical therapy. A 2015 AHA review assigned Class 3 recommendations (harm) to IV tPA for AIS patie...
Hybrid value foraging: How the value of targets shapes human foraging behavior.

In hybrid foraging, observers search visual displays for multiple instances of multiple target types. In previous hybrid foraging experiments, although there were multiple types of target, all instances of all targets had the same value. Under such conditions, behavior was well described by the marginal value theorem (MVT). Foragers left the current “patch” for the next patch when the instantaneous rate of collection dropped below their average rate of collection. An observer’s specific target selections were shaped by previous target selections. Observers were biased toward picking another instance of the same target. In the present work, observers forage for instances of four target types whose value and prevalence can vary. If value is kept constant and prevalence manipulated, participants consistently show a preference for the most common targets. Patch-leaving behavior follows MVT. When value is manipulated, observers favor more valuable targets, though individual foraging strategies become more diverse, with some observers favoring the most valuable target types very strongly, sometimes moving to the next patch without collecting any of the less valuable targets.
Disruption of the lens circulation causes calcium accumulation and precipitates in connexin mutant mice.

The lens is an avascular organ whose function and survival depend on an internal circulation system. Cx46fs380 mice model a human autosomal dominant cataract caused by a mutant lens connexin. In th...
Impact Waves in Sand: Theory Compared with Experiments on Sand Columns

Phenomenological theory is developed in order to study propagation of unidimensional compression waves in columns of sand; medium of theory is treated as elastic-plastic continuum; theory gives satisfactory agreement with experiments on stress propagation in 2 dry sands and with published experimental results.
A Wearable Body Controlling Device for Application of Functional Electrical Stimulation

In this research, we describe a new balancing device used to stabilize the rear quarters of a patient dog with spinal cord injuries. Our approach uses inertial measurement sensing and direct leg actuation to lay a foundation for eventual muscle control by means of direct functional electrical stimulation (FES). During this phase of development, we designed and built a mechanical test-bed to develop the control and stimulation algorithms before we use the device on our animal subjects. We designed the bionic test-bed to mimic the typical walking gait of a dog and use it to develop and test the functionality of the balancing device for stabilization of patient dogs with hindquarter paralysis. We present analysis for various muscle stimulation and balancing strategies, and our device can be used by veterinarians to tailor the stimulation strength and temporal distribution for any individual patient dog. We develop stabilizing muscle stimulation strategies using the robotic test-bed to enhance walking stability. We present experimental results using the bionic test-bed to demonstrate that the balancing device can provide an effective sensing strategy and deliver the required motion control commands for stabilizing an actual dog with a spinal cord injury.
Statistical inferences for functions of parameters of several pareto and exponential populations with application in data traffic

Statistical Inferences for Functions of Parameters of Several Pareto and Exponential Populations with Applications in Data Traffic by Sumith Gunasekera Dr. Malwane M. A. Ananda, Examination Committee Chair Professor of Statistics University of Nevada, Las Vegas In this dissertation, we discuss the usability and applicability of three statistical inferential frameworks — namely, the Classical Method, which is sometimes referred to as the Conventional or the Frequentist Method, based on the approximate large sample approach, the Generalized Variable Method based on the exact generalized p-value approach, and the Bayesian Method based on prior densities — for solving existing problems in the area of parametric estimation. These inference procedures are discussed through Pareto and exponential distributions that are widely used to model positive random variables relevant to social, scientific, actuarial, insurance, finance, investments, banking, and many other types of observable phenomena. Furthermore, several Pareto and exponential populations, and the combination of several Pareto and exponential distributions are widely used in the Computer Networking and Data Transmission to model Self-Similar (SS) or Lthe ong-Range-Dependent (LRD) network traffic that can be generated by multiplexing several Pareto and exponentially
Logic and Truth Value Gaps

A salient feature of contemporary philosophical logic is the great interest in so-called ‘free logics’, logics admitting non-denoting terms without paraphrase. Proponents of such logics have generally followed one of two approaches, each of which was considered and rejected by Russell in ‘On Denoting’. The first, suggested by Meinong, requires the introduction of possible but non-existent objects as ‘references’ for non-denoting terms. This approach has been by far the more popular among contemporary free logicians, perhaps because many of them came to free logic by way of modal logic.1 The second approach was first suggested by Frege2 and later developed at length by Strawson.3 Roughly put, it characterizes sentences containing non-denoting terms as truth-valueless, i.e. as neither true nor false, while at the same time insisting that such sentences are meaningful and express (truth-valueless) propositions.
Monocular online learning for road region labeling and object detection from a moving platform

An online learning method is proposed for detecting the road region and objects on the road by analyzing the videos captured by a monocular camera on a moving platform. Most existing methods for moving-camera detection impose serious constraints or require offline learning. In our approach, the feature points of the road region are learned based on the detected and matched feature points between adjacent frames without using camera intrinsic parameters or camera motion parameters. The road region is labeled by using the classified feature points. Finally, the feature points on the labeled road region are used to detect the objects on the road. Experimental results show that the method demonstrates significant object detecting performance without further restrictions, and performs effectively in complex detecting environment.
Evaluation and Simulation of Thermal Shock Behavior by Liquid Solder Quenching

Thermal shock test was studied using liquid solder as the cooling medium to obtain a constant heat transfer coefficient. Tested materials were a silicon nitride, a silicon carbide and an alumina. In the case of silicon nitride, no sudden degradation of the strength was observed. This phenomenon is caused by the statistical deviation of the strength. We have proposed to use the Weibull plot method to determine △ Tc. Applying this method to the experimental results, we have shown that the average △ Tc can be well defined, and this method can be consistently applied to many different ceramics. Considering the effective volume of specimen and the temperature dependence of the material properties, the critical temperature difference was calculated. The calculated value and the experimental data agree very well. We have shown that the judgment of materials by only △ Tc may lead us wrong conclusion.
Community Response to Extreme Drought (CRED): a framework for drought-induced shifts in plant–plant interactions

Contents Summary 52 I. Introduction 52 II. The Community Response to Extreme Drought (CRED) framework 55 III. Post-drought rewetting rates: system and community recovery 61 IV. Site-specific characteristics influencing community resistance and resilience 63 V. Conclusions 64 Acknowledgements 65 References 66 SUMMARY: As climate changes, many regions of the world are projected to experience more intense droughts, which can drive changes in plant community composition through a variety of mechanisms. During drought, community composition can respond directly to resource limitation, but biotic interactions modify the availability of these resources. Here, we develop the Community Response to Extreme Drought framework (CRED), which organizes the temporal progression of mechanisms and plant-plant interactions that may lead to community changes during and after a drought. The CRED framework applies some principles of the stress gradient hypothesis (SGH), which proposes that the balance between competition and facilitation changes with increasing stress. The CRED framework suggests that net biotic interactions (NBI), the relative frequency and intensity of facilitative (+) and competitive (-) interactions between plants, will change temporally, becoming more positive under increasing drought stress and more negative as drought stress decreases. Furthermore, we suggest that rewetting rates affect the rate of resource amelioration, specifically water and nitrogen, altering productivity responses and the intensity and importance of NBI, all of which will influence drought-induced compositional changes. System-specific variables and the intensity of drought influence the strength of these interactions, and ultimately the system's resistance and resilience to drought.