cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Costs of living for juvenile Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) in an increasingly warming and invaded world

Rapid environmental change in freshwater ecosystems has created a need to understand the interactive effects of multiple stressors, with temperature and invasive predators identified as key threats to imperiled fish species. We tested the separate and interactive effects of water temperature and predation by non-native smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) on the lethal (mortality) and sublethal (behavior, physiology, and growth) effects for juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in seminatural stream channel experiments. Over 48 h trials, there was no difference in direct predation with warmer temperatures, but significant interactive effects on sublethal responses of juvenile salmon. Warmer temperatures resulted in significantly stronger and more variable antipredator responses (surface shoaling and swimming activity), while physiological indicators (plasma glucose, plasma cortisol) suggested suppression of physiological mechanisms in response to the combined stressors. These patterns corresponded with additive negative growth in predation, temperature, and combined treatments. Our results suggest that chronic increases in temperature may not increase direct predation over short periods, but can result in significant sublethal costs with negative implications for long-term development, disease resistance, and subsequent size-selective mortality of Pacific salmon. Resume : Des changements environnementaux rapides affectant les ecosystemes d'eau douce decoule la necessite de comprendre les effets interactifs de stresseurs multiples, la temperature et les predateurs envahissants constituant les principales menaces identifiees pour les especes de poissons en peril. Nous avons teste les effets isoles et interactifs de la
The modal-shift transportation planning problem and its fast steepest descent algorithm

The modal-shift transportation planning problem (MSTPP) is the problem that finds a feasible schedule for carriers with the minimum total cost when sets of facilities, delivery orders, and carriers are given. We propose a fast steepest descent algorithm to solve the MSTPP. Our solution generates a set of candidate routes for each delivery order as a preprocess. Then, it finds a schedule by iteratively updating selections of the candidate routes in descent directions, while computing a configuration of carrier movements at each iteration by a greedy algorithm. Intensive numerical study using artificial data modeled from the manufacturing industry in Japan is also presented.
On learning-based methods for design-space exploration with high-level synthesis

This paper makes several contributions to address the challenge of supervising HLS tools for design space exploration (DSE). We present a study on the application of learning-based methods for the DSE problem, and propose a learning model for HLS that is superior to the best models described in the literature. In order to speedup the convergence of the DSE process, we leverage transductive experimental design, a technique that we introduce for the first time to the CAD community. Finally, we consider a practical variant of the DSE problem, and present a solution based on randomized selection with strong theory guarantee.
Formation of a Metalloporphyrin-Based Nanoreactor by Postsynthetic Metal–Ion Exchange of a Polyhedral-Cage Containing a Metal–Metalloporphyrin Framework

A change for the better: Exchange of CdII in the catalytically inactive framework MMPF-5 (see scheme) with CoII afforded a metalloporphyrin-based nanoreactor, MMPF-5(Co). This framework, consisting of small cubicuboctahedral cages, demonstrated interesting performances in the catalytic epoxidation of trans-stilbene with tBuOOH.
The “Shawshank Trail”: A Cross Disciplinary Study in Film Induced Tourism and Fan Culture

Tourism, as a sustainable means of economic development, has attracted a considerable amount of attention from municipalities seeking to better understand their available development options. Film induced tourism has seen appreciable growth and represents a considerable opportunity for many communities to use filming locations seen in popular movies and/or television to draw additional visitors. These opportunities create an increasing need for communities and the organizers of events to better understand their attendees, the fans, in order to better serve their unique needs and desires. Fan culture studies, as an outgrowth of media studies, examine the nature and make up of fan communities. This article posits a cross disciplinary approach using fan studies to inform tourism research. This article reports on an analysis of attendees to an event celebrating of the 20 th anniversary of the filming of the popular American film “The Shawshank Redemption.” Attendee characteristics, desired outcomes, and motivating factors were examined.
Vapor pressures and osmotic coefficients: electrolyte solutions of methanol

Abstract A data base of saturation pressures for 11 single electrolytes with methanol developed from data reported here and from a survey of the literature is presented. The data are successfully correlated with two Bromley-type and two Pitzer-type models up to an ionic strength of 6 m. The models provide reliable predictions in the 273.15–473.15 K range when applied to aqueous systems where data covering a large temperature range are available.
Male Fertility Following Spinal Cord Injury: Facts and Fiction

Although most spinal cord injuries (SCIs) occur to males of parenting age, myths abound as to whether men can biologically father children after SCI. Following SCI, most men experience impairments in erectile and ejaculatory function. Semen can be obtained from almost all men with SCI through the use of vibratory or electrical stimulation. Their ejaculates often have normal sperm counts but more immotile sperm than found in men without SCI. This condition does not seem to be caused by lifestyle factors (such as elevated scrotal temperature, ejaculation frequency, and method of bladder management) but may be related to factors within the seminal plasma. Sperm from men with SCI may be used in assisted reproductive techniques to attempt biological fatherhood. Health care providers, including physical therapists, should encourage men with SCI seeking biological fatherhood to be evaluated at a center dedicated to assisting men with SCI in this specialty area.
Recycling biosolids and lake-dredged materials to pasture-based animal agriculture: alternative nutrient sources for forage productivity and sustainability. A review

Domestic sewage sludge or biosolids and lake-dredged materials are examples of materials that can be used to cut fertilizer costs in pasture-based animal agriculture. Sustainable biosolids and lake-dredged materials management is based upon controlling and influencing the quantity, quality and characteristics of these materials in such a way that negative impacts to the environment are avoided and beneficial uses are optimized. This article examines the following two key questions. Is the use of these materials in an agricultural setting harmless and sensible? Is the use of biosolids secure in all climates, in all soils and is it sustainable over the long term? Recycling biosolids and lake-dredged materials to pasture-based animal production is quite productive as alternative nutrient sources for forage production. Perennial grass can be a good choice for repeated applications of biosolids and lake-dredged materials. Although biosolids and lake-dredged materials supply some essential plant nutrients and provide soil property-enhancing organic matter, land-application programs still generate some concerns because of possible health and environmental risks involved. Repeated applications of biosolids and lake-dredged materials indicate no harmful effects on soil quality and forage quality. Beneficial uses of biosolids and lake-dredged materials are both economical and environmental. The concentrations of soil nitrogen and phosphorus following repeated application of biosolids were far below the contamination risk in the environment. The residual effect of biosolids over the long term can be especially significant in many forage-based pastures where only 50% of the million hectares of pastures are given inorganic nitrogen yearly. Long-term studies have demonstrated the favorable and beneficial effects of added lake-dredged materials on the early establishment of bahiagrass in sandy pasture fields. Often these materials can be obtained at little or no cost to the farmers or landowners. Lake-dredged materials can be used as soil amendments (lime and fertilizer) for early establishment of bahiagrass in beef cattle pastures. Bahiagrass in plots that were treated with biosolids and lake-dredge materials had significantly higher forage yield and crude protein content when compared with those bahiagrass in the control plots or untreated plants.
Wavelets and Field Forecast Verification

Current field forecast verification measures are inadequate, primarily because they compress the comparison between two complex spatial field processes into one number. Discrete wavelet transforms (DWTs) applied to analysis and contemporaneous forecast fields prove to be an insightful approach to verification problems. DWTs allow both filtering and compact physically interpretable partitioning of fields. These techniques are used to reduce or eliminate noise in the verification process and develop multivariate measures of field forecasting performance that are shown to improve upon existing verification procedures.
Predisposing risk factors and natural history of acute neurologic complications of left-sided cardiac catheterization

Abstract The reported incidence of acute neurologic complications of left heart catheterization varies from 0.03% to 0.3%. The predisposing risk factors, clinical features, and natural history have not been well characterized. We retrospectively reviewed all cases of acute neurologic complications developing during or within 36 hours of diagnostic catheterization or angioplasty to determine the incidence, clinical features, and natural history, and (using a case-control methodology) the clinical variables associated with their development. During the 37-month study, 6,465 patients underwent diagnostic left-sided cardiac catheterization and balloon angioplasty or valvuloplasty, and 27 patients developed an acute neurologic complication (0.4%). The most common symptoms were visual disturbances (26%), hemiparesis (26%), and facial droop (26%). Deficits were localizable to the anterior or posterior circulation in 22 patients: posterior in 8 (36%), and anterior in 14 (64%). Long-term follow-up was available in all patients, with 17 of 27 (63%) having complete resolution with no residuum. With use of a case-control methodology and multiple logistic regression analysis, female gender, the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy, depressed ejection fraction, and the presence of ≥ 2 coronary arteries with > 50% narrowing were independent predictors of a neurologic event.
Identification and validation of SSR markers linked to the stem rust resistance gene Sr6 on the short arm of chromosome 2D in wheat.

The wheat stem rust resistance gene Sr6, present in several wheat cultivars, confers a high level of resistance against a wide range of races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. Resistance conferred by Sr6 is influenced by temperature, light intensity, and genetic background of the recipient genotype. Here, we report the identification and validation of molecular markers linked to Sr6 that can be used for the detection of this gene in wheat breeding programs. A mapping population of 136 F2 plants and their F2:3 families derived from a cross between near-isogenic lines, ‘Chinese Spring’ and ISr6-Ra, were screened for stem rust reaction in the seedling stage. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) based on seedling tests was used to screen 418 SSR markers that covered the entire genome of wheat. Four markers, Xwmc453, Xcfd43, Xcfd77, and Xgwm484, were mapped within a chromosome region that spanned 9.7 cM from Sr6. The closest markers, Xwmc453 and Xcfd43, were linked to Sr6 at a distance of 1.1 and 1.5 cM, respectively. The markers Xwmc453 and Xcfd43 amplified Sr6-specific marker alleles that were diagnostic for Sr6 in a diverse set of 46 wheat accessions and breeding lines developed and/or collected in Australia, Canada, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mexico, South Africa, and USA. These markers can now be used for marker-assisted selection of Sr6 and for pyramiding it with other stem rust resistance genes.
Mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species in cortical neurons following exposure to N-methyl-D-aspartate

Increasing evidence suggests that glutamate neurotoxicity is partly mediated by reactive oxygen species, formed as a consequence of several processes, including arachidonic acid metabolism and nitric oxide production. Here we used an oxidation-sensitive indicator, dihydrorhodamine 123, in combination with confocal microscopy, to examine the hypothesis that electron transport by neuronal mitochondria may be an important source of glutamate-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Exposure to NMDA, but not kainate, ionomycin, or elevated potassium stimulated oxygen radical production in cultured murine cortical neurons, demonstrated by oxidation of nonfluorescent dihydrorhodamine 123 to fluorescent rhodamine 123. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy studies using 5,5-dimethyl-1- pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) as a radical-trapping agent, also showed production of ROS by cortical neurons after NMDA but not kainate exposure. NMDA-induced ROS production depended on extracellular Ca2+, and was not affected by inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase or arachidonic acid metabolism. The increased production of ROS was blocked by inhibitors of mitochondrial electron transport, rotenone or antimycin, and mimicked by the electron transport uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone. These data support the possibility that NMDA receptor-mediated, Ca(2+)-dependent uncoupling of neuronal mitochondrial electron transport may contribute to the oxidative stress initiated by glutamate exposure.
The Kalahari Manganese Field—The Adventure Continues.

Brice Cairncross and Nicolas J. Beukes. 2013. Random House Struik. Capetown. 394 pages. ISBN 978 1 92057 288 4. US $85. (To order: http://www.uj.ac.za/EN/Faculties/science/newsandevents/News/Documents/Kalahari%20Manganese%20Field%20Book%20Brochure.pdf). This is a stunningly beautiful book, one that is also packed with valuable information about manganese metallogenesis, and modestly priced. It’s a great value. The volume is, in one sense, a second edition of The Manganese Adventure , which came out in 1997, but the focus is entirely on the Kalahari deposits, whereas the earlier version had an in-depth treatment of the Postmasburg mineralization as well. Most of the mineral photographs are new images of new specimens, many collected since 1997, and the drawings are all updated. Therefore, the book is better regarded as a second volume in a series, rather than as a replacement for the earlier one. Serious mineral collectors will want to have both. …
The Role of a Clinical Psychologist in a Division I Athletics Program

In recent years, Division I athletics programs have hired counseling or clinical psychologists as a resource for student-athletes who need assistance with clinical issues, personal difficulties, and performance issues. This article documents the evolution of this type of position at Virginia Tech and includes a discussion of the goals of the clinical sport psychologist position, an overview of the daily activities the position entails, and a discussion of the issues that comprise the assessment, conceptualization, and treatment of student-athlete concerns. Models for conceptualizing and delivering sport psychology interventions are also discussed. Evidence indicates that having access to a mental health professional familiar with the issues facing college athletes can be instrumental in helping many of these student-athletes achieve success in the university setting.
Impulse Control of Brownian Motion: The Constrained Average Cost Case

When a manufacturer places repeated orders with a supplier to meet changing production requirements, he faces the challenge of finding the right balance between holding costs and the operational costs involved in adjusting the shipment sizes. We consider an inventory whose content fluctuates as a Brownian motion in the absence of control. At any moment, a controller can adjust the inventory level by any positive or negative quantity, but incurs both a fixed cost and a cost proportional to the magnitude of the adjustment. The inventory level must be nonnegative at all times and continuously incurs a linear holding cost. The objective is to minimize long-run average cost. We show that control band policies are optimal for the average cost Brownian control problem and explicitly calculate the parameters of the optimal control band policy. This form of policy is described by three parameters {q,Q,S}, 0 <q ≤ Q <S. When the inventory falls to zero (rises to S), the controller expedites (curtails) shipments to return it to q (Q). Employing apparently new techniques based on methods of Lagrangian relaxation, we show that this type of policy is optimal even with constraints on the size of adjustments and on the maximum inventory level. We also extend these results to the discounted cost problem.
Inhibition of legumain:integrin complex at the invasive cell front surface blocks angiogenesis and metastasis

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA 3090 The unique asparaginyl endopeptidases, legumain, is induced by hypoxia and transported to the front of invading cells. Legumain forms complex with integrins exclusively on the cell surface of lamellipodia and invadopodia. Binding of legumain to its cofactor integrins significantly enhances its ability to activate pro-MMP2 and pro-cathepsin L. Therefore the legumain:integrin complex physically and functionally define an invasive cell front surface (ICFS) where it regulates a network of matrix-processing enzymes. Inhibition of legumain:integrin affects matrix remodeling locally and suppresses angiogenesis and cell invasion. Importantly, systemic administration of a potent, cell impermeable asparaginyl endopepidase inhibitor (AEPI-1) inhibits tumor angiogenesis and invasive growth. The treated tumors demonstrated profound disorganization of collagens and elastic fiber. This treatment prevented both spontaneous and experimental lung metastasis suggesting the activity of legumain:integrin is required for metastasis. Our findings indicate legumain:integrin is an important regulator of cell invasion and matrix remodeling as well as an effective therapeutic target for cancer.
Estimating sparse precision matrices

Author(s): Padmanabhan, N; White, M; Zhou, HH; O'Connell, R | Abstract: We apply a method recently introduced to the statistical literature to directly estimate the precision matrix from an ensemble of samples drawn from a corresponding Gaussian distribution. Motivated by the observation that cosmological precision matrices are often approximately sparse, the method allows one to exploit this sparsity of the precision matrix to more quickly converge to an asymptotic rate while simultaneously providing an error model for all of the terms. Such an estimate can be used as the starting point for further regularization efforts which can improve upon the limit above, and incorporating such additional steps is straightforward within this framework. We demonstrate the technique with toy models and with an example motivated by large-scale structure two-point analysis, showing significant improvements in the rate of convergence. For the large-scale structure example, we find errors on the precision matrix which are factors of 5 smaller than for the sample precision matrix for thousands of simulations or, alternatively, convergence to the same error level with more than an order of magnitude fewer simulations.
Misattribution of Affective Coherence Versus Incoherence in Subsequent Judgments

People experience pleasantness when they act toward a stimulus in an affectively coherent (e.g., approaching positive stimuli and avoiding negative stimuli) versus incoherent manner. Nevertheless, it is unclear how misattributing this pleasantness resulting from affective coherence can impact human judgment. To this end, we examined the impact of misattributing the pleasantness of affective coherence to a subsequent target (Study 1), depending on the saliency of the target (Study 2). We found that experiencing affective coherence led to more positive impressions of subsequently encountered targets than did experiencing affective incoherence. These results expand our understanding of the role affect can play in human judgment. We discuss some limitations and implications of these findings.
Use of the Annuity Principle in Transferring the Farm from Father to Son

O NE fourth of all farm ownership transfers occur within the family.1 Scattered studies further indicate the importance of family assistance in helping farmers to achieve ownership of their farms.2 The basic problem in many of these intra-family farm ownership transfers grows out of the fact that the lifetime savings of most farm parents are in their farm land, livestock and equipment. As a general rule, farm parents do not have sufficient cash or non-farm investments on which they can retire and turn their farms over to their children. Consequently, the parents either continue to farm for a living or lease the family farm to a son or daughter. The first situation discourages the children from taking over the farm. The second situation generally fails to provide for the transfer of ownership of the farm to the child on the farm when the parents die. Other parents are using a plan which permits them to turn over the management, operatibn and eventually the ownership of the family farm to their children at an early age, while reserving an annual income for themselves for the remainder of their lives.3 This idea is commonly known as the "bond of maintenance" landtransfer arrangement. It is also referred to as a "bond of support" and a Bohemian contract.
The impact of variation in trauma care times: Urban versus rural

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To document the existence and nature of variation in times to trauma care between urban and rural locations; to assess the impact of identified variations on outcome. DESIGN: Retrospective case review. SETTING: Washington state, 1986. PARTICIPANTS: Motor-vehicle-collision fatalities. METHODS: Previously unreported definitions of urban and rural location and possibly preventable death were used to conduct a comparative analysis of urban and rural fatalities. Trauma care times in the prehospital and the emergency department (ED) phases of care were abstracted. Their relationships to corresponding crude death rates and possibly preventable death rates also were examined. RESULTS: Prehospital times averaged two times longer in rural locations than in urban areas. Fist-physician contact in the ED averaged six times longer in rural locations than in urban settings. Concomitantly, the crude death rate in rural settings was three times that of the urban areas. The overall possibly preventable death rate was double the urban rates in rural incidents. When stratified by phase of care, rate of possibly preventable death showed no urban/rural variation for the prehospital phase, but was three times greater for the ED phase in rural areas than in urban ones. CONCLUSIONS: Trauma care times and adverse outcome appear to be associated. Allocation of resources to decrease length of and geographic variation in time to definitive care, particularly in the ED phase, seems appropriate. Language: en
Notes on Prime Numbers, Their Numerical Statistics & Patterns I: Modular Arithmetic and the Eight Fold Period 24 Model

We have not yet obtained a simple, complete and accurate method for determining if an integer number specifically an odd number that does not digitally sum to 3,6,9, whether it is prime, and that does not involve trial & error and/or as by a sieving method or factoring. This after thousand(s) of years of searching for such. Alternatively great strides are made towards understanding the behavior of numbers, fields of numbers obtained by some method or another, statistics probabilities & entropies of such numbers, & so forth, & it seems that it is assumed that a better method (but not 'full') for determining primality will appear as an afterthought or byproduct. In this letter we wish to revitalize the interest of the intrepid professional & amateur mathematician & scientist towards seeking the 'full' or 'complete' method of determining primality, or rather towards obtaining the method by which a prime odd integer can be determined completely, simply and efficiently & with applicability to small to very large numbers with a minimum of effort eschewing supercomputing & other recent methods however by utilizing methods resembling pencil & paper approaches. The caveat that we wish the 'method(s)' to be efficient and simple means specifically that we are referring to the utilization of methods such as digital sums & digital roots, modulus methods, combinatorial & progressions & recursions patterns easily applied, these connected to geometries, polynomial equations and relationships, discernible patterns in sieves and doodles and spirals & other topologies investigated in one context or another yet often deemed curiosities when viewed from the focused area of number theory as pertaining to identifying primes.
Pixel sensors with slim edges and small pitches for the CMS upgrades for HL-LHC

Abstract Planar n-in-n silicon detectors with small pitches and slim edges are being investigated for the innermost layers of tracking devices for the foreseen upgrades of the LHC experiments. Sensor prototypes compatible with the CMS readout, fabricated by Sintef, were tested in the laboratory and with a 120 GeV/c proton beam at the Fermilab test beam facility before and after irradiation with up to 2×10 15 n eq /cm 2 fluence. Preliminary results of the data analysis are presented.
Questions Unanswered: Propofol Use in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

As professionals who care for the sickest children, we want to provide the best evidence-based care available. While there are questions still to be answered, it is clear that when propofol is administered to children, it should be done in a manner that is intentional, well planned, and consistent with national guidelines and regulatory groups. Haphazard administration of propofol will place children at risk.
“Professor Kelsen’s Amazing Disappearing Act”

Why is Hans Kelsen, perhaps the mid-twentieth century’s most significant continental European liberal political and legal thinker, now an intellectual nonentity among US political scientists? Kelsen (1881–1973) arrived in the United States in 1940, and thus spent over three decades of his long and impressive career there. Unlike many other academic refugees, he was already a famous figure upon his arrival, and within a few years was able to establish himself at one of the country’s leading universities, the University of California (Berkeley), in the Political Science Department, where he held his only permanent position in the United States until his retirement in 1953.1 Many of Kelsen’s publications in the immediate post-war years appeared in the discipline’s pre-eminent publications (e.g. the American Political Science Review). Addressing democratic theory, the status of natural law, and the proper relationship between science and politics, they spoke directly to topics of broad interest to political scientists, and especially political theorists.
Physiopathology of premature progesterone elevation

Objective To determine the effects of the last hMG administration on plasma P and androgen profiles during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) for IVF-ET. Design Controlled clinical study. Setting The IVF-ET program of a tertiary outpatient care center, Hopital A. Beclere, Clamart, France. Patients Nine IVF-ET candidates aged 25 to 36years having presented normal responses to COH in previous IVF-ET cycles. Interventions Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation was induced for IVF-ET using hMG after endogenous gonadotropins were suppressed with a time-release GnRH agonist. Just before the last hMG administration (225IU), the participants were hospitalized for 24hours for serial blood sampling. These occurred before (baseline) and after hMG administration, every 30minutes for 1hour, hourly for 4hours, and every 3hours for the remaining part of a 24-hour post-hMG observation period. Main Outcome Measure Measurement of P, T, androstenedione (A), E 2 , FSH, and LH. Results Plasma P and androgens (T and A) increased significantly, reaching peak values 12 to 15hours after hMG administration and decreased progressively thereafter, to reach values not significantly different from baseline 24hours after hMG administration. Plasma E 2 levels increased progressively and steadily during the 24-hour observation period. Plasma FSH levels remained constant after hMG administration while LH stayed undetectable. Conclusion In COH cycles induced for IVF-ET, the hormonal profile after the last hMG injection suggests that hMG triggers an increase in plasma P and androgens that culminates 12 to 15hours after hMG administration. This elevation in plasma P and androgens observed after hMG administration is likely to reflect a direct action of the LH and/or FSH components of hMG on granulosa cells. In some women these hormonal consequences of hMG treatment may impair endometrial receptivity in IVF-ET cycles.
Segregated signal averaging of sympathetic baroreflex responses in humans.

The goal of this study was to merge the methods currently used to assess beat-by-beat changes in muscle sympathetic nerve activity with a signal-averaging approach and overcome the inherent subject...
The constitution: Burkeian, Brandeisian and Borkian perspectives

Burke's dramatistic and dialectic view of the Constitution illuminates the nature of that symbolic enactment. His rhetorical theory is exemplified in the statements and opinions of fustice Louis Brandeis, whose concept of “the living law” explores the contemporary scene as ground for judicial review. In contrast, Robert Bork's search for “neutral principles” in Constitutional words, ignores the symbolic and dialectical nature of language and of the humans who use and are used by language.
Computer vision-based orthorectification and georeferencing of aerial image sets

Generating a georeferenced mosaic map from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery is a challenging task. Direct and indirect georeferencing methods may fail to generate an accurate mosaic map due to the erroneous exterior orientation parameters stored in the inertial measurement unit (IMU), erroneous global positioning system (GPS) data, and difficulty in locating ground control points (GCPs) or having a sufficient number of GCPs. This paper presents a practical framework to orthorectify and georeference aerial images using the robust features-based matching method. The proposed georeferencing process is fully automatic and does not require any GCPs. It is also a near real-time process which can be used to determine whether aerial images taken by UAV cover the entire target area. We also extend this framework to use the inverse georeferencing process to update the IMU/GPS data which can be further used to calibrate the camera of the UAV, reduce IMU/GPS errors, and thus produce more accurate mosaic maps by employing any georeferencing method. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework in producing comparable mosaic maps as commercial software Agisoft and the effectiveness of the extended framework in significantly reducing the errors in the IMU/GPS data.
Power electronics in automotive electrical systems

The role of power electronics as an enabling technology for various automotive applications is illustrated with examples. Automotive electrical power systems that address the demands of increased electrical power, improved fuel economy and reduced emissions are discussed. Considerations related to high-efficiency automotive electrical power systems such as the selection of the types of electrical machines and power converters, selection of system voltages, battery voltage equalization, load management, energy management, regenerative braking, centralized and distributed power system architectures, DC and AC power distribution systems and multiplexing are also discussed.
Long-Term Significance of Achieving a Major Cytogenetic Response (MCyR) without a Complete Hematologic Response (CHR) among Patients (pts) with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) in Advanced Phase Treated with Second Generation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI).

The BCR-ABL TKI, dasatinib (D) and nilotinib (N), are effective in Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) leukemias, including all stages of imatinib-resistant CML and Ph+ ALL. For both dasatinib and nilotinib, the reported rates of MCyR are higher than the rates of CHR; that is, some pts achieve MCyR but may have cytopenias that make their hematologic response less than a CHR; this has been attributed to myelosuppression induced by TKI. At present it is not known whether pts with MCyR who do not have CHR have a similar outcome as those with a CHR. We studied 135 pts with accelerated (AP; n=84) or blast phase (BP; n=47) CML or Ph+ ALL (n=4) treated with D (59) or N (76) for imatinib resistance, to see whether the presence of cytopenias at the time of best response affected the prognosis. The median age was 55 yrs (range, 15 to 98) and 62 were female. 56 (41%) had bcr/abl mutations at the start of therapy. Overall 36 pts (27%) achieved MCyR. All the 36 pts who achieved a MCyR after treatment with N or D had received imatinib for an average time of 34 mos (range 4–78) and 24/36 pts had obtained a MCyR under imatinib. They started the new TKI 66 mos after first diagnosis (12–336). 2-yr survival rates for pts that achieved MCyR was 72% compared to 35% for those without MCyR (p nd TKI (A433T, G250E, E355G, E459K, M244V, M315T, F317L), and 6 developed a new mutation after treatment (F317L, F311I, Y253H, G476C, E255K, H359V). Five of them occurred in pts with a concomitant CHR and 1 without a CHR. These results suggest that achievement of MCyR with residual cytopenias (ie, without a concomitant CHR) may not have the same favorable outcome as that of MCyR with concomitant CHR. Whether this is related to pt- or disease-related characteristics remains to be determined.
Psychiatric Evaluation of the Neurological Patient

Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and abnormal behavior are commonly seen in patients with neurological disorders. Screening for psychiatric symptoms is an important part of the evaluation of neurological patients. Many nonpsychiatric clinicians feel uncomfortable with psychiatric history-taking and examination. The goal of this chapter is to provide a concise overview of essential components of the psychiatric evaluation of neurological patients for practicing clinicians, residents, and medical students. This chapter discusses the process of taking a psychiatric history, the organization of the psychiatric examination, and the major psychiatric syndromes that should be reviewed as part of a comprehensive neuropsychiatric assessment.
Case 5: Fever and Hypoxia in a 17-year-old Boy Undergoing Cancer Chemotherapy

1. Joana Mack, MD* 2. Amir Mian, MD* 1. *Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR A 17-year-old white boy with chronic myelogenous leukemia with a history of lymphoid blast crisis presents with fever and hypoxia 2 weeks after receiving vincristine, daunorubicin, and intrathecal methotrexate. He denies cough, chest pain, or difficulty breathing. He notes overall fatigue. There is no history of recent illnesses, sick contacts, or drug allergies. Home medications include scheduled nilotinib (chemotherapy), omeprazole, dapsone, and antiemetics as needed. Physical examination reveals an awake, alert, and oriented boy but cyanotic in appearance. His vital signs are stable, and pulse oximetry shows oxygen saturation of 93% on venturi mask with 50% inspired oxygen. His sclera is mildly icteric, and capillary refill is 3 seconds. His skin appears pale. Cardiac examination reveals a regular rate and rhythm, but a systolic flow murmur is auscultated. There is no increased work of breathing, and …
F-18 FDG PET differentiation of benign from malignant chondroid neoplasms: a systematic review of the literature.

Discriminating among benign chondroid tumors, low-grade chondrosarcomas, and grade 2/3 chondrosarcomas is frequently difficult with standard imaging modalities. We systematically reviewed the literature to determine the performance of PET-CT in making this distinction. A systematic review was performed identifying 811 PubMed- and Embase-indexed articles containing combinations of “chondrosarcoma,” “enchondroma,” “chondroid,” “cartilage” and “PET/CT,” “PET,” “positron.” Eight articles including 166 lesions were included. Age, gender, tumor size, histologic grade, and SUVmax values were extracted for individual lesions when possible and otherwise recorded as aggregated data. Comparisons in SUVmax among benign, low-grade, and intermediate-/high-grade chondroid neoplasms were made. Individual SUVs were available for 101 lesions; 65 additional lesions were reported as aggregated data. There were 101 malignant and 65 benign tumors. Benign tumors were seen more frequently in females (p = 0.04, Fischer’s exact test), but malignancy was not associated with age or lesion size. SUVmax was lower for benign (1.6 ± 0.7) than malignant tumors (4.4 ± 2.5) (p < 0.0001, t-test). SUVmax was lower for grade 0/1 (2.0 ± 0.7) than grade 2/3 (6.0 ± 3.2) (p < 0.0001, t-test). Increasing SUVmax correlated with higher grade chondroid tumors (Spearman’s rank, ρ = 0.78). SUVmax ≥4.4 was 99% specific for grade 2/3 chondrosarcoma. SUVmax correlates with histologic grade in intraosseous chondroid neoplasms; very low SUVmax supports a diagnosis of benign tumor, while elevated SUVmax is suggestive of higher grade chondrosarcoma.
The Longitudinal Relations between Dimensions of Community Violence Exposure and Developmental Outcomes among Adolescent Ethnic Minority Males.

Objective Community violence exposure is multi-dimensional, yet the majority of studies examining the relation of exposure and developmental outcomes employ measures that collapse a wide range of experiences into a global summed scale. Building on research conducted in child maltreatment indicating that the impact of exposure varies as a function of the nature of maltreatment, the present study examines the contribution of dimensions of exposure to community violence (i.e., type - hearing about violence, witnessing violence, victimization - and relationship to perpetrator) on three areas of adolescent functioning: depression, aggression, and attention problems. Method Longitudinal data was gathered from a sample of racial/ethnic minority male adolescents (N = 246) living in impoverished urban neighborhoods. Multiple regression analyses assessed the relation between dimensions and outcomes cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Results In line with findings from maltreatment, dimensions of violence exposure mattered differentially for developmental outcomes when examined concurrently. However, when relations are examined longitudinally, controlling for initial levels of functioning, the majority these relations disappear. Conclusions Assessing exposure to specific dimensions of exposure might improve understanding of adolescent concurrent, but not later functioning. Findings underscore the value of prospective data when examining the impact of dimensions of community violence exposure on functioning.
Energy deposition and ion production from thermal oxygen ion precipitation during Cassini's T57 flyby

Abstract Cassini’s Radio Science Investigation (RSS) and Langmuir Probe observed abnormally high electron densities in Titan’s ionosphere during Cassini’s T57 flyby. We have developed a three-dimensional model to investigate how the precipitation of thermal magnetospheric O + may have contributed to enhanced ion production in Titan’s ionosphere. The three-dimensional model builds on previous work because it calculates both the flux of oxygen through Titan’s exobase and the energy deposition and ion production rates in Titan’s atmosphere. We find that energy deposition rates and ion production rates due to thermal O + precipitation have a similar magnitude to the rates from magnetospheric electron precipitation and that the simulated ionization rates are sufficient to explain the abnormally high electron densities observed by RSS and Cassini’s Langmuir Probe. Globally, thermal O + deposits less energy in Titan’s atmosphere than solar EUV, suggesting it has a smaller impact on the thermal structure of Titan’s neutral atmosphere. However, our results indicate that thermal O + precipitation can have a significant impact on Titan’s ionosphere.
High-throughput computing in the sciences.

Abstract While it is true that the modern computer is many orders of magnitude faster than that of yesteryear; this tremendous growth in CPU clock rates is now over. Unfortunately, however, the growth in demand for computational power has not abated; whereas researchers a decade ago could simply wait for computers to get faster, today the only solution to the growing need for more powerful computational resource lies in the exploitation of parallelism. Software parallelization falls generally into two broad categories—“true parallel” and high-throughput computing. This chapter focuses on the latter of these two types of parallelism. With high-throughput computing, users can run many copies of their software at the same time across many different computers. This technique for achieving parallelism is powerful in its ability to provide high degrees of parallelism, yet simple in its conceptual implementation. This chapter covers various patterns of high-throughput computing usage and the skills and techniques necessary to take full advantage of them. By utilizing numerous examples and sample codes and scripts, we hope to provide the reader not only with a deeper understanding of the principles behind high-throughput computing, but also with a set of tools and references that will prove invaluable as she explores software parallelism with her own software applications and research.
Altered White Matter Diffusivity of the Cingulum Angular Bundle in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Purpose of the study Prior studies showed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related alterations in white matter integrity, but most of these studies have used region-based approaches. We address this limitation by investigating the relationship between PTSD severity and fractional anisotropy (FA) using a tract-based approach. Procedures Structural and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging were acquired from 67 combat-exposed US Veterans and processed using FSL/FreeSurfer TRActs Constrained by UnderLying Anatomy. Partial correlations were conducted between PTSD severity and FA of the cingulum and uncinate fasciculi covarying for age, sex, and head motion. Results Only FA of the left cingulum angular bundle (CAB) was positively correlated with PTSD symptom severity (r = 0.433, p = 0.001, df = 57) and remained significant after Bonferroni correction. Conclusions This finding may imply greater organization of the CAB with increasing PTSD severity. The CAB connects directly to the cingulate cortex and the hippocampal subiculum, critical nodes of the default mode network, as well as being implicated in neurodegeneration pathology, decision-making, and executive functions, which may help explain previously shown alterations in this network in PTSD. Message of the paper Further study of white matter tract integrity in PTSD is warranted, particularly to investigate whether the CAB connections with both higher-order cognitive functioning and emotion processing regions contribute to the pathophysiology and comorbidity of PTSD.
Combining task shifting and community-based care to improve maternal health: Practical approaches and patient perceptions

Abstract Globally, community-based care and task shifting strategies are used to address maternal healthcare shortages in low-income countries. Limited research exists on models that combine these strategies. Using a qualitative approach, we explored Haitian women's perceptions of the Midwives for Haiti model, which unites task shifting and community-based care by training nurses as skilled birth attendants and offering healthcare via rotating, mobile clinics. Eight focus groups (N = 52) were conducted in rural Haiti in March 2017. Thematic analysis of data indicated that perceptions of care were universally positive. Participants cited accessible patient-centred care, affordable services, and health education as primary motivators to attend. Results illustrated the importance of women's perceptions on the future use of mobile clinic sites or other formal care. Future efforts to address maternal healthcare shortages should consider the Midwives for Haiti model, combining task shifting and community-based care to address common social, topographical, or financial barriers to maternal healthcare.
A Systematic Review of Single-Dose Aminoglycoside Therapy for Urinary Tract Infection: Is It Time To Resurrect an Old Strategy?

Increasing bacterial resistance and poor patient adherence rates limit the effectiveness of conventional antibiotic therapies for urinary tract infection (UTI). The objective of this study was to investigate whether a single aminoglycoside dose adequately treated UTI. A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases was performed through September 2018 for English language original research articles assessing the efficacy of one-time parenteral aminoglycoside as UTI monotherapy. Of 252 potentially relevant studies, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria, representing 13,804 patients. Patient ages ranged from 2 weeks to >70 years; both inpatient and outpatient settings were represented. Cystitis was more common than pyelonephritis, and more females were represented than males. Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated uropathogen. The pooled microbiologic cure rate with single-dose aminoglycoside therapy was 94.5% ± 4.3%. Cure was sustained (no recurrence) for 73.4% ± 9.6% of patients at day 30. Lower cure rates were observed among patients with radiographic urinary tract abnormality (chi-square P < 0.01). Across all studies, 63/13,804 (0.5%) cases of nephrotoxicity, vestibular toxicity, or injection site reaction were reported; no hearing loss was observed. Single-dose aminoglycoside therapy appears to be an effective treatment option for lower UTI in nonseptic patients, with minimal toxicity. Additional studies would be beneficial to confirm efficacy for pyelonephritis. When resistance to first-line UTI agents is endemic, aminoglycosides may serve as β-lactam- and fluoroquinolone-sparing options.