cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hopping and swimming in the leopard frog Rana pipiens: II. A comparison of muscle activities

Electromyography (EMG) was used to examine muscle activity of the major hip, knee, and ankle extensors during both hopping and swimming in leopard frogs. Chronic EMG electrodes were implanted for periods of 7-10 days. This permitted us to record EMG activities during both hopping and swimming from the same electrode, allowing a direct comparison of the timing and amplitudes of muscle activity between the two behaviors. We could then relate these activities to the kinematics of locomotion. In both behaviors, all three extensors were synchronously activated 30-50 ms before limb extension began. However, the hip extensor turned on relatively earlier in hopping than in swimming when on time was expressed as percent of stride. The hip and knee extensors were activated relatively longer in hopping and the ankle extensor relatively longer in swimming. The amplitudes of the rectified, inte- grated EMG signals were roughly twice as large in hopping as in swimming for all three muscles, supporting the notion that propulsion in hopping requires more force than in swimming. The EMG burst durations differed little between the muscles or, in relative duration, between the behaviors. As has been found in other quadrupeds, the EMG bursts began before visible movement and ceased at or before hindlimb extension was completed. In our animals, how- ever, we found a consistent, low level (10-30% of maximum amplitude) of EMG activity that continued 60-200 ms past the end of the burst and into the suspension periods in both hopping and swimming. We hypothesize that this unusual activity may be present in frogs so that the hind limb remains aero(hydr0)dynamically stable as the frog arches through its leap or glides in swimming following completed limb extension. Thus, the timing and pattern of the EMG bursts are consistent with those present in other tetrapods and support conservatism of neural control. However, the prolonged low-level activity suggests flexibility in the control pattern and variation according to specific behaviors. o 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc Amphibians are an important group of ver- tebrates for morphologists and physiologists to examine because, within the Amphibia, extremes of pleisiomorphic and derived mor- phology and function can be found. Investiga- tors have studied neural and muscular anatomy and physiology along with the bio- mechanics of locomotion in both salamanders and frogs going back for over 100 years (e.g., Gregory and Camp, '18; Hill, '38; Schaeffer, '41; Barclay, '46; Ashley-Ross, '94; Marsh, '94). The morphology, limb and muscle me- chanics, and behavior of salamanders are likely similar to those of the earliest terres- trial vertebrates (Gans and De Gueldre, '92;
US federal redistributive income policies

The purpose of this paper is to present a statiscial model of inequality that allows us to analyse simultaneously the impact of several major redistributive expenditure policies, as well as analysing the impact of income taxation on inequality. The paper includes multivariate exogeeity tests to determine whether the policies have ‘caused’ the observed income distribution or if there is feedback, i.e. inequality in the distribution has lead to enhanced (or diminished) redistributive policies. The direction of causality for these policies has not, to ourr knowledge, been previously examined. This paper examines the usual redistributive vehicles of transfer payments, Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid, as well as analysing the impact of the personal income tax system on inequality. Using time series analysis we can allow for lagged effects of these policies as well as current period effects. This lagged effects specification may be sugggestive of behavioural responses to policy changes.
Influence of surface area on charge transport and recombination in dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cells.

The dependence of the electron transport and recombination dynamics on the internal surface area of mesoporous nanocrystalline TiO2 films in dye-sensitized solar cells was investigated. The internal surface area was varied by altering the average particle size in the films. The scaling of the photoelectron density and the electron diffusion coefficient at short circuit with internal surface area confirms the results of a recent study (Kopidakis, N.; Neale, N. R.; Zhu, K.; van de Lagemaat, J.; Frank, A. J. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2005, 87, 202106) that transport-limiting traps are located predominately on the surfaces of the particles. The recombination current density was found to increase superlinearly (with an exponent of 1.40 ± 0.12) with the internal surface area. This result is at odds with the expected linear dependence of the recombination current density on the surface area when only the film thickness is increased. The observed scaling of the recombination current density with surface area is consisten...
The Mediterranean Outflow—A Simple Advection-Diffusion Model

Abstract The influence of the subtropical gyre on the spread of Mediterranean Water in the Atlantic is discussed in terms of a simple horizontal advection-diffusion model. The northern, southern and western boundaries of a rectangular ocean are treated as salt sinks while the distribution of salinity on the east coast representing the highly saline Mediterranean Water is a sine curve. The velocity distribution for the subtropical gyre is that given by Stommel and includes westward intensification. Salinity distributions are calculated for various values of the Peclet number, and for oceanographically reasonable values they indicate that the gyre passes through the high-salinity tongue and advects it toward the south and west. The model is consistent with the observed salinity distribution of the mid-layers of the North Atlantic.
Manufacturing sustainability and life cycle management in the production of acoustic guitars

The manufacture of stringed instruments has strong elements of traditional practice, particularly in the choice of materials from which the instruments are made. While man-made materials have been used in successful instruments, they are overwhelmingly made of wood. The preferred species include Sitka spruce, mahogany, rosewood and maple. Furthermore, the grade of materials used for instruments is extremely high, only one step below that used for the load-carrying structures of aircraft. The ideal piece of wood is straight-grained and without imperfections such as knots, checks or discolouration. The growth rings should be close together, so slow-growing trees are preferred. The result is that trees yielding instrument-quality wood have been heavily logged and are becoming very scarce. This is reflected in the rising prices of instrument grade wood. At this writing, a master-grade top blank for a single acoustic guitar can cost up to $300. The retail value of guitars sold in the USA is approaching $1 billion per year, so the demand for materials is not going to ease soon. Clearly, the industry must change its practices if it is to sustain production. Several fundamental changes are required. The strong prejudice against laminated materials must be overcome. High grade plywood exhibits structural properties and uniformity that would make it ideal for instrument manufacture, but its use is limited to student grade instruments. The Convention on International Trade and Endangered Species (CITES) outlines the terms under which traditional species can be legally and sustainably harvested, but it limits production volumes and the temptation to skirt the regulations is strong. Thus, another required change is to switch to fast-growing species. Finally, manufacturing processes must be modified and life cycle management procedures should be implemented to allow for the effective and efficient use of smaller, younger trees.
A Critical Review and Annotated Bibliography for Heat Exchanger Network Synthesis in the 20th Century

This paper provides a critical review of the literature on heat-exchanger network synthesis, the most commonly studied problem in process synthesis. After a review of solution methods, we present the chronological milestones in the development of the field and we discuss separately each of 461 related works leading up to the turn of the century. Then, we present several classification schemes of this body of work based on a number of modeling and algorithmic criteria. Finally, we offer a critical assessment of the current status of research in this area and provide suggestions for future research.
Experimental and theoretical dynamics of isoelectric focusing: IV. Cathodic, anodic and symmetrical drifts of the pH gradient.

The production of anodic, cathodic and symmetrical drifts of a pH 3.5–10 gradient formed by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels is demonstrated experimentally by manipulation of the electrolyte concentrations. Experimental behavior is reproduced by computer simulation of a model mixture of 15 hypothetical carrier ampholytes whose pIs span the pH range 3 – 10. The mechanism which produces the drifts is elucidated and approaches to minimize such drifts are discussed. The data suggest why most experimentally observed drifts are cathodic.
SU‐FF‐T‐287: Characterization of In‐Air Anisotropy of Brachytherapy Sources Using Clinical Ionization Chambers

Purpose: To determine the feasibility of using well, spherical cavity, and cylindrical cavity ionization chambers to characterize the in‐air anisotropy of low‐energy photon‐emitting brachytherapy sources. Method and Materials:Anisotropy in the plane of the long axis of I‐125 and Pd‐103 brachytherapy sources was characterized by calculating air‐kerma rate as a function of rotation angle from emergent spectra measured with a high‐purity germanium spectrometer. This measurement is a critical component of the seed calibration program at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), used to identify anomalous sources and explain variations in well‐chamber response relative to the U.S. air‐kerma strength standard due to anisotropy variations. To investigate whether such a measurement was possible using instrumentation commonly found in therapy clinics, the responses of three different types of ionization chambers were measured as the source was rotated by 360 degrees in small increments. Initially, ionization chamber current was measured as a function of distance from the source to determine the optimum position for the anisotropymeasurements, a compromise between signal strength and angular resolution. The well‐ionization chamber was placed on its side with the centering jig removed. Results: All three ionization chambers were able to reproduce the characteristic shape and features of the in‐air anisotropy for a given model source as measured by the spectrometer, albeit with slightly lower angular resolution. Using an ionization chamber results in significant time savings, as a detailed source anisotropy characterization can be completed in 1.5 days as opposed to 2.5 days with the spectrometer. Conclusion:Measurement of the in‐air anisotropy of brachytherapy sources can be accomplished using ionization chambers of the types used in clinics, including well‐ionization chambers. This technique could serve as an additional quality assurance check on seeds prior to their being used for dosimetry measurements critical for accurate treatment planning.
Glutamate-Induced Cerebral Vasodilation Is Mediated by Nitric Oxide Through N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptors

Background and Purpose It was found that glutamate, a major neurotransmitter, is vasoactive in the cerebral circulation. However, the mechanism is unclear. This study was designed to investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in cerebral arteriolar dilation to glutamate. Methods Newborn, chloralose-anesthetized pigs were equipped with a closed cranial window. The diameter of pial arterioles was measured by means of intravital microscopy, and NO synthase (NOS) activity in brain cortex was determined by the conversion assay of [14C]arginine to [14C]citrulline. Results Topical application of glutamate at 10−7, 10−6, and 10−5 mol/L (n=5) increased the mean diameter by 12±3%, 13±2%, and 18±3% (±SEM), respectively (baseline, 91±10 μm; P<.05). Similarly, NMDA application at the above doses (n=5) dilated arterioles by 10±2%, 16±3%, and 18±6%, respectively (baseline, 97±4 μm; P<.05). Topical application of 10−4 mol/L NG-nitro-l-arginine (L-NNA), which inhibited NOS activity...
Rousseau and the Education of Compassion.

In this paper I examine Rousseau's strategy for teaching compassion in Book Four of Emile. In particular, I look at the three maxims on compassion that help to organise Rousseau's discussion, and the precise strategy that Emile's tutor uses to instil compassion while avoiding other passions, such as anger, fear and pride. The very idea of an education in compassion is an important one: Rousseau's discussion remains relevant, and he has correctly understood the significance of compassion for modern life. But in linking compassion to self-interest, he creates a tension between Emile's natural sentiments, including compassion, as a way of bringing him into the social order. The Buddhist and Christian views of compassion help to clarify some of the difficulties with Rousseau's account.
ISOLATION OF CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS FROM THE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT OF ADULTS

Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from the lower respiratory tract of six patients who had pulmonary infection, the severity varying from acute bronchitis to severe diffuse interstitial pneumonia. The latter appeared in four immunosuppressed patients, from three of whom cytomegalovirus was also isolated. Therapy directed against C. trachomatis resulted in prompt clinical improvement in three patients. Two patients died. C. trachomatis causes disease in the adult respiratory tract, the prevalence of which has yet to be determined, and it may be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the immunosuppressed patient.
Rendering RNA in 3D.

Integrating biochemical footprinting data with molecular dynamics yields more accurate RNA three-dimensional structure predictions.
Nonequilibrium effects in models of three-phase flow in porous media

In this paper we extend to three-phase flow the nonequilibrium formalism proposed by Barenblatt and co-workers for two-phase porous media flow. The underlying idea is to include nonequilibrium effects by introducing a pair of effective water and gas saturations, which are linked to the actual saturations by a local evolution equation. We illustrate and analyze how nonequilibrium effects lead to qualitative and quantitative differences in the solution of the three-phase flow equations.
Gendering women and politics in contemporary China

This article suggests moving beyond "state-society" models of Chinese politics in order to more effectively integrate "gender" as a category of analysis. The article examines a number of empirical examples of women’s activism in Hong Kong prior to the 1997 handover to China as a way of gaining insights into which variables might more effectively nuance "state-society" models so as to highlight the gendered aspects of women and politics. In the Hong Kong case, such variables include ethnicity, class, race, nationalism, and feminism. The article finds 1)that a number of these variables also apply equally well to research on women and politics in Hong Kong and to gender studies focusing on the contemporary People’s Republic of China; and 2)that disaggregating concepts like "state" and “society” using variables like gender, race, and class provides a more complex understanding of the process of politics in Chinese societies.
Optimizing the design of eccentric feed hoppers for tablet presses using DEM

The discharge performance in eccentrically shaped, conical hoppers is investigated using the discrete element method (DEM). While powder discharge from hoppers has been well studied, most work has focused on axisymmetric, conical hoppers and plane flow, wedge-shaped hoppers. Yet, pharmaceutical tablet presses often use eccentric hopper designs that do not fall into either of these categories. The flow performance in these hoppers is compared to that in concentrically shaped, conical hoppers. Results show the discharge rate is up to 35% greater for eccentric hoppers and shows good agreement with a modified Beverloo correlation. The flow mode during discharge (mass-flow/funnel-flow) is similar for each hopper shape. Finally, the extent of segregation over time is comparable but a significant composition gradient exists across the outlet of eccentric hoppers. This has implications for processes where the discharge from an eccentric hopper is split downstream, such as the bifurcation of the powder feed to a double-sided tablet press.
The importance of angiotensin II subtype receptors for blood pressure control during mouse pregnancy.

Pregnancy is characterized by a progressive increase in the different components of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) including angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. Pregnant women and experimental animals are resistant to the pressor e fect of increased angiotensin II concentrations during pregnancy. In normal pregnancy, maternal blood pressure (BP) begins to fall in early gestation, reaches a nadir in midgestation, and then gradually increases to nonpregnant levels before term in both humans and C57BL/6J mice. The mechanism producing these changes is unknown. The present study investigates the roles of angiotensin II subtype receptors (AT1a and AT2) in hemodynamic regulation during pregnancy in mice. Female mice genetically or pharmacologically manipulated to alter angiotensin receptor stimulation were bred to 2 strains of males. Maternal BP was measured daily throughout pregnancy. Pup weight and number were determined. Pregnancy-induced hypertension was apparent in transgenic female mice expressing the human angiotensin gene bred with males expressing human renin. This e fect was not apparent in the absence of the AT1a receptor (ie, in AT1a knockout mice). The midgestation BP decline in both C56BL/6J and AT1a(—/—) females was abolished by AT2 receptor antagonism. There was a linear, inverse relationship between average BP throughout pregnancy and the average pup weight and number per litter. In summary, these findings suggest that activation of the AT2 receptor may be an important factor in promoting the midgestation BP decline that occurs in several mammalian species and, furthermore, that angiotensin is an important modulator of BP during pregnancy.
Concerning the solution set ofAx=b where P≦A≦Q and p≦b≦q

LetP?Q ben×n real matrices so that ifP?A?Q for some matrixA, thenA is nonsingular. Letp andq ben-dimensional real column vectors. This paper determines the set of all solutionsx to the equationAx=b for allA andb so thatP?A?Q andp?b?q.
Quantum mechanical partitioning of kinetic energy in collision-induced dissociation

Abstract Kinetic energy distributions of atomic products of the collision-induced dissociation A+BC → A+B+C on a model triatomic reactive collinear system have been obtained for the first time by an accurate quantum mechanical method and compared with the results of quasi-classical trajectory calculations.
Molecular-flow time properties of RIB type vapor-transport systems using a fast-valve

Abstract The advent of the fast-valve device, described previously, permits measurement of molecular-flow times of chemically active or inactive gaseous species through radioactive ion beam (RIB) target–ion–source systems, independent of size, geometry and materials of construction. Thus, decay losses of short-half-life RIBs can be determined for a given target/vapor-transport system in advance of on-line operation, thereby ascertaining the feasibility of the system design for successful processing of a given isotope. In this article, molecular-flow-time theory and experimentally measured molecular-flow time data are given for serial- and parallel-coupled Ta metal RIB vapor-transport systems similar to those used at ISOL based RIB facilities. In addition, the effect of source type on the molecular-flow time properties of a given system is addressed, and a chemical passivation method for negating surface adsorption enthalpies for chemically active gaseous species on Ta surfaces is demonstrated.
Treatment of dental phobias

A dentist and a psychologist seek a solution to the immense problem of dental fears. Desensitization therapy, an approach developed in psychology, offers definite help for people whose fears prevent them from seeking necessary dental care.
Micro-immunohistochemistry using a microfluidic probe

A flexible method to extract more high-quality information from tissue sections is critically needed for both drug discovery and clinical pathology. Here, we present micro-immunohistochemistry (μIHC), a method for staining tissue sections at the micrometre scale. Nanolitres of antibody solutions are confined over micrometre-sized areas of tissue sections using a vertical microfluidic probe (vMFP) for their incubation with primary antibodies, the key step in conventional IHC. The vMFP operates several micrometres above the tissue section, can be interactively positioned on it, and even enables the staining of individual cores of tissue microarrays with multiple antigens. μIHC using such a microfluidic probe is preservative of tissue samples and reagents, alleviates antibody cross-reactivity issues, and allows a wide range of staining conditions to be applied on a single tissue section. This method may therefore find broad use in tissue-based diagnostics and in research.
Effects of the antiestrogen, RU 58668, on female sexual behavior in rats

RU 58668 is a steroidal antiestrogen believed to be devoid of any partial agonist activity. Most of the work with RU 58668 has focused on its potential as an antineoplastic agent in the treatment of breast cancer, but it has not been tested for its effects on the brain and behavior. Other antiestrogens are problematic because most are either partial agonists or do not cross the blood-brain barrier. The purpose of this study was to test if RU 58668 blocks two classic estrogen-dependent behaviors: female sexual behavior and feeding behavior. We used a repeated measures design to examine if RU 58668 reversibly blocked female sexual behavior. RU 58668 significantly reduced both the level of sexual receptivity and the level of proceptivity in a reversible manner. Changes in body and food weight were also measured. Our results show that RU 58668 blocked estrogen's suppressive effects on feeding behavior and body weight. Therefore, RU 58668 is the first antiestrogen that blocks estradiol's effects on female sexual behavior while also inhibiting estradiol's effects on feeding behavior and body weight.
Silent sequences and the safety of blood transfusions.

Excerpt The emergence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has fueled concerns of both physicians and their patients about the safety of blood transfusions. In the spring of 1983, after...
Make2ddb: A simple package to set up a two‐dimensional electrophoresis database for the World Wide Web

Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) has become a highly reproducible protein separation technique that currently serves as the main basis for proteome research and in particular for protein identification. Also, the Internet provides large utilities for exchanging data, and we can observe increased interest among scientists to build remote 2-DE databases, since many members of the concerned community are now able to access the data. By preparing the data and programs that are required to create a federated 2-DE database, the Make2ddb package, described here, helps to build such a database on the user own World Wide Web site.
SnoN facilitates ALK1–Smad1/5 signaling during embryonic angiogenesis

In endothelial cells, two type I receptors of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family, ALK1 and ALK5, coordinate to regulate embryonic angiogenesis in response to BMP9/10 and TGF-β. Whereas TGF-β binds to and activates ALK5, leading to Smad2/3 phosphorylation and inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation and migration, BMP9/10 and TGF-β also bind to ALK1, resulting in the activation of Smad1/5. SnoN is a negative regulator of ALK5 signaling through the binding and repression of Smad2/3. Here we uncover a positive role of SnoN in enhancing Smad1/5 activation in endothelial cells to promote angiogenesis. Upon ligand binding, SnoN directly bound to ALK1 on the plasma membrane and facilitated the interaction between ALK1 and Smad1/5, enhancing Smad1/5 phosphorylation. Disruption of this SnoN–Smad interaction impaired Smad1/5 activation and up-regulated Smad2/3 activity. This resulted in defective angiogenesis and arteriovenous malformations, leading to embryonic lethality at E12.5. Thus, SnoN is essential for TGF-β/BMP9-dependent biological processes by its ability to both positively and negatively modulate the activities of Smad-dependent pathways.
Group Dominance and the Myth of Racial Democracy: Antiracism Attitudes in Brazil

Group dominance perspectives contend that ideologies are central to the production and reproduction of racial oppression by their negative affect on attitudes toward antiracism initiatives. The Brazilian myth of racial democracy frequently is framed in this light, evoked as a racist ideology to explain an apparent lack of confrontation of racial inequality. Data from a 2000 probability sample of racial attitudes in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, contradict this long-held assertion, showing that most Brazilians in this state recognize racism as playing a role in Brazilian society, support the idea of affirmative action, and express interest in belonging to antiracism organizations. Moreover, opinions on affirmative action appear more strongly correlated with social class, as measured by education level, than race. As compared with results from the United States regarding opinions on similar selected affirmative action policies, the racial gap in Brazilian support for affirmative action is only modera...
Idiopathic acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Death from extrahepatic manifestations.

A 23-year-old woman developed acute fatty liver of pregnancy in association with acute pancreatitis, renal hypoperfusion and protein-losing enteropathy. Even though hepatic function improved, the patient succumbed to extrahepatic manifestations of the condition. This case demonstrated the multisystem involvement of this entity and suggests the possibility that manifestations are related to the presence of a vasoconstrictor substance.
Dendritic growth of dapi-accumulating amacrine cells in the retina of the goldfish

The dendritic growth of amacrine cells was studied in the retina of the goldfish. Those cells that accumulated the intraocularly injected fluorescent dye 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) were compared in retinal wholemounts from small and large animals. Dendritic arbors were stained by intracellular injections of Lucifer yellow. Based upon their dendritic morphology, two types were identified, radiate and fusiform. The dendritic field areas and the number of dendritic terminals were quantitatively compared for cells in small retinas from young fish and large retinas from old fish in the region of the retina that grows by expansion. For both cell types the dendritic fields were significantly larger in the large retinas. The radiate cells had the same number of dendritic terminals in retinas of both sizes, whereas the fusiform cells in the large retinas had significantly more dendritic terminals than those in the small retinas. This resulted from the addition of new dendrites to the proximal arbor. These data show that with retinal expansion the pattern of dendritic growth by a amacrine cells is cell-type specific.
Four ways to investigate assemblages of texts: genre sets, systems, repertoires, and ecologies

Genre theorists agree that genres work together in assemblages. But what is the nature of these assemblages? In this paper I describe four frameworks that have been used to describe assemblages of genres: genre sets, genre systems, genre repertoires, and genre ecologies. At first glance, they seem to be interchangeable, but there are definite and sometimes quite deep differences among them. I compare and contrast these frameworks and suggest when each might be most useful.
Photomodulation of Transport Rates in Liquid Membranes Containing Photoactive Carriers.

A steady-state model describing photofacilitated transport in liquid membranes is used to consider photoactive carriers with a wide range of thermodynamic and kinetic properties in order to calculate photoinduced modulation in the transport rates of solutes, a phenomenon known as photomodulation. Most experimental and theoretical studies have focused on systems in which strongly binding forms of the carrier and carrier−solute complex absorb light to convert to weakly binding forms. For such systems, absorption of light can cause photomodulation increases up to a factor of 3. However, the maximum photoefficiencies are only a few percent, where photoefficiency is defined as the difference between the flux under illumination and in the dark divided by the incident photon flux. Conversely, if the weakly binding forms of the carrier and complex are photoactive, photomodulation increases of a factor of 20 can be achieved, along with photoefficiencies well over 10%. This study provides guidelines for the selecti...
Surgical Correction of Abnormal Pterygomandibular Fold

tion. It is likewise important for the den­ tist to be prepared to manage each case as it occurs. A careful examination and diagnosis should be made in each case of accidental injury to the teeth, even if little or no treatment has to be instituted. Often a modified or compromise resto­ ration must be constructed in order to allow maturation to take place. Those restorations found to be more generally useful and satisfactory are a three-quarter crown, with a window of silicate cement or acrylic, and an acrylic faced full crown. Teeth which have been lost as the result of an accident may be readily re­ placed by a removable partial denture, to be worn until growth is completed. When growth is completed, a final restoration for the fractured tooth or teeth may be constructed.
Beyond “an Aesthetic of Objectivity”: Performance Ethnography, Performance Texts, and Theatricality

This article is about the ways in which a dominant “aesthetic of objectivity” (Denzin, 2003, p. 73) pervades much contemporary performance ethnography and scholarly performance text, subverting many scholars’ stated desires to use aesthetic forms to critique hegemonic discourses and democratize scholarship. First, I will define the dominant “aesthetic of objectivity” as it applies to performance ethnography and performance texts and trace its origins to mainstream documentary theatre performances. I will then examine how these conventions play out in an example of an explicitly scholarly performance project, and argue the significance of liveness in the scholarly performance act. Finally, I will offer a few examples of arts-based research performance projects operating in alternate aesthetic paradigms rupturing the “aesthetic of objectivity” and offer recommendations and further questions for arts-based researchers and scholars interested in experimenting with performance forms.
A Basic Unit on Ethics for Technical Communicators.

To make informed decisions about ethical issues, technical communicators need to understand how to apply general ethical principles to the kinds of dilemmas they will face routinely, concerning such issues as plagiarism, trade secrets, and misrepresentation of text and graphics. This article reviews the controversy about the relationship between ethics and rhetoric among the Greeks, provides basic definitions of ethics, and applies the literature of business and professional ethics to the concerns of technical communicators and other professionals who communicate, showing how they must think through the conflicts of obligations to their employer, the public, and the environment. It provides a case study that can be used to reinforce a student's understanding of the relationship between technical communication and ethics.
Mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite whisker reinforced polyetherketoneketone composite scaffolds.

Abstract The apparent mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite (HA) whisker reinforced polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) scaffolds were evaluated in unconfined, uniaxial compression to investigate the effects of the porosity (75%, 82.5% and 90%), HA content (0, 20 and 40 vol%) and mold temperature (350, 365 and 375 ∘C). Increased porosity resulted in a non-linear decrease in the elastic modulus and yield strength for both reinforced and unreinforced PEKK scaffolds, as expected. The increase in elastic modulus and yield strength with increased relative density followed a power-law, similar to trabecular bone and other open-cell foams. HA whisker reinforcement generally resulted in an increased elastic modulus from 0 to 20 vol% HA and a subsequent decrease from 20 to 40 vol% HA, while the yield strength and strain were decreased in scaffolds with 40 vol% HA compared to those with 0 or 20 vol% HA. Increased mold temperature resulted in an increased elastic modulus, yield strength and yield strain. These effects enabled the mechanical properties to be tailored to mimic human trabecular bone. The elastic modulus was greater than 50 MPa, and the yield strength was greater than 0.5 MPa, for scaffolds with 75% porosity at all combinations of reinforcement level and mold temperature. Scaffolds with 75% porosity and 20 vol% HA molded at 375 ∘C exhibited a mean elastic modulus and yield strength of 149 MPa and 2.2 MPa, respectively, which was the highest of the conditions investigated in this study and similar to human vertebral trabecular bone. Therefore, HA whisker reinforced PEKK scaffolds may be advantageous for permanent implant fixation, including interbody spinal fusion.
Catheter modification of the atrioventricular junction with radiofrequency energy for control of atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia.

BACKGROUNDThe utility of transcatheter application of radiofrequency energy to eliminate atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) was investigated.METHODS AND RESULTSThirty-nine patients (mean age, 53 +/- 20 years; range 14-86 years) with medically refractory AVNRT underwent perinodal ablation with radiofrequency energy. A custom-designed 6F catheter with a large (3-mm-long) distal electrode and interelectrode pacing of 2 mm was used in the majority of cases. The catheter used for ablation was initially positioned across the tricuspid anulus to obtain the largest His bundle electrogram, then withdrawn to obtain the largest atrial:ventricular electrogram ratio, with a small His bundle electrogram (less than or equal to 100 microV). Each application of radiofrequency energy (350-550 kHz, 16.2 +/- 5.2 W) was stopped after 60 seconds or if PR prolongation or an impedance rise was noted. The endpoints of the procedure were persistent modification of atrioventricular nodal conduction (either first-d...
Investigation of Slow Molecular Dynamics using R-CODEX

Abstract A solid state NMR experiment is introduced for probing motions on the millisecond time scale, based on dephasing and refocusing 1 H– 13 C or 1 H– 15 N dipolar couplings. The method is related to the previously described Centerband-Only Detection of Exchange or CODEX experiment. The use of an R -type dipolar recoupling sequence takes advantage of the strong 1 H– 13 C or 1 H– 15 N dipolar coupling, while suppressing the effect of 1 H– 1 H homonuclear coupling. This approach paves the way to detect both the correlation time and reorientational angle of the dynamics in fully protonated samples. The performance of this pulse sequence is demonstrated using imidazole methyl sulfonate.
A hypothesis for the origin of fibrillar bodies in planktic foraminifera by bacterial endosymbiosis

Abstract Organelles, fibrillar bodies, present in the cytoplasm of all planktic foraminifera may have originated as intracellular symbiotic bacteria. Those in Pulleniatina obliquiloculata , are squat to elongate ovoids and elongate rods with a length of 2–15 μm and a diameter of 2–5 μm. They are bounded by a membrane-like structure, and sometimes more than one fibrillar body is present within a single vacuole (division?). They have an electron-lucent (DNA-containing?) central region, ribosome-like and storagelike granules, and are commonly enclosed within a vacuole. The fibrillar bodies are polymorphic in outline, but also occur as elongate, ovoid and rod-shaped structures that resemble bacteria. These organelles, I hypothesize originated as bacterial endosymbionts and not by direct filiation.
Adoptive Families: The Effects of Early Relational Deprivation in Children Adopted from Eastern European Orphanages

Sources of variation in security of attachment and the effects of early institutionalization on the development of attachment were investigated in 124 adoptive families. Participants included 124 c...
COMPARATIVE CONTRIBUTION AND INTENTIONAL TORTS: A REMAINING ROADBLOCK TO DAMAGES APPORTIONMENT

In November of 1974, recording artist Connie Francis was a guest at the Howard Johnson Motor Lodge in Westbury, New York. In the early morning hours she was criminally assaulted by an unknown man who came through sliding glass doors that appeared to be locked, but were apparently capable of being easily unsecured form the outside. In a suit for negligence against Howard Johnson, Ms. Francis received a jury verdict of $2.5 million to compensate her for her pain and suffering and for future lost earnings. The rapist who escaped never answered for his crime to the people of New York nor to Ms. Francis in damages for his intentional tort of battery.1
ADMET polycondensation of diketopiperazine-based dienes. Polymerization behavior and effect of diketopiperazine on the properties of the formed polymers

l-Glutamic acid diketopiperazine ω-alkenyl esters were synthesized and polymerized via acyclic diene metathesis polycondensation chemistry using ruthenium catalysts. The polycondensation of l-gluta...
Frequency of otitis media based on otoendoscopic evaluation in preterm infants.

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to determine the frequency of otitis media in preterm neonates using otoendoscopy and tympanometry.Study DesignProspective study.SettingWayne State University, Hutzel Women’s Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.Subjects and MethodsEighty-six preterm infants were included (gestational age <36 weeks). Otoendoscopy and tympanometry were performed to detect the presence of otitis media. Kappa statistic and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.ResultsOtoendoscopy was performed in 85 patients. The frequency of otoendoscopy-diagnosed otitis media was 72.9% (62/85). Tympanometry could be performed on 69.76% of the ears. There was 73.5% agreement between the findings of tympanometry and those of otoendoscopy. The association between the presence of otitis media and gestational age at birth was statistically significant. The lower the gestational age, the higher the frequency of otoendoscopy-diagnosed otitis media (P = .001).ConclusionOtoendoscopically diagnosed...
Alcohol-Induced Hyperlipidemia and Beta Lipoproteins

Alcohol addicts with a primary type IV hyperlipoproteinemia show a striking elevation of triglycerides in the serum during long periods of alcohol consumption as compared with controls, without an accompanying significant increase in free fatty acids in the serum. These data suggest that this genetically related lipid abnormality may be a significant factor in the pathogenesis of alcohol hyperlipemia and the alcohol-induced fatty liver.
Mouse Thymocyte Membrane Uptake of Polyadenylic-Polyuridylic Acid Complexes:

SummaryIndirect immunofluorescence revealed that 80 ± 4% of isolated mouse thymocytes were found to have membrane uptake of poly (A:U). Mice previously injected with hydrocortisone demonstrated a reduction to 20-30% in numbers of fluorescent thymocytes. Preincubation of thymocytes with DEAE-dextran did not increase the percentage of fluorescent cells.These findings suggest that medullary thymocytes bind poly (A:U) to a lesser degree than cortical thymocytes. Several mechanisms of thymocyte uptake of poly (A:U) are suggested including adsorption to the membrane and/or rapid penetration through the membrane.
Using consumer perceptions to operationalize the service construct: Exploratory research in theory extension and validation

Despite the ascendancy of services marketing as a topic of interest, an absence of empirical validation measures and well-grounded research techniques in the area is evident. This article explores the need for marketing to develop an approach by which services marketing empirical research can be advanced. A methodology is proposed that operationalizes the service construct by identifying consumer perceptions of goods and services, and which provides a practical basis for conducting empirical research. Empirical evidence is offered that suggests strong reliability and face validity in support of this approach. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Controllability of a class of linear systems

The controllability, observability, and canonical decomposition of a class of linear systems is considered. The zero input system is constant, and the zero state system is time varying. The elements of the input matrix are assumed to be polynomials of time. Controllability of composite systems is also discussed. The results are similar to those presented in [3].
Sclerodermoid changes of porphyria cutanea tarda: Possible relationship to urinary uroporphyrin levels

From 1950 to 1982, fifteen patients were seen at the Mayo Clinic with a diagnosis of sclerodermoid changes of porphyria cutanea tarda. Fourteen patients had changes similar to scleroderma limited to the skin, and one patient had scleroderma-like skin changes accompanied by visceral abnormalities. Both light-exposed and unexposed areas of the body were affected. Areas of involvement included the chest, the V-shaped area of the neck, and the back, face, and shoulders. In six patients, morpheaform changes represented the presenting cutaneous sign of porphyria cutanea tarda. Follow-up examination, after treatment that included abstinence from alcohol and phlebotomy, revealed that the sclerodermoid skin changes had disappeared in six patients and improved in four. Generally, the degree of improvement of the sclerodermoid changes was proportional to the reduction of the urinary uroporphyrin levels toward normal (p = 0.02).
SuperTarget goes quantitative: update on drug–target interactions

There are at least two good reasons for the ongoing interest in drug–target interactions: first, drug-effects can only be fully understood by considering a complex network of interactions to multiple targets (so-called off-target effects) including metabolic and signaling pathways; second, it is crucial to consider drug-target-pathway relations for the identification of novel targets for drug development. To address this on-going need, we have developed a web-based data warehouse named SuperTarget, which integrates drug-related information associated with medical indications, adverse drug effects, drug metabolism, pathways and Gene Ontology (GO) terms for target proteins. At present, the updated database contains >6000 target proteins, which are annotated with >330 000 relations to 196 000 compounds (including approved drugs); the vast majority of interactions include binding affinities and pointers to the respective literature sources. The user interface provides tools for drug screening and target similarity inclusion. A query interface enables the user to pose complex queries, for example, to find drugs that target a certain pathway, interacting drugs that are metabolized by the same cytochrome P450 or drugs that target proteins within a certain affinity range. SuperTarget is available at http://bioinformatics.charite.de/supertarget.
The effect of time of onset on community preferences for health states: an exploratory study

Health state descriptions used to describe hypothetical scenarios in community-perspective utility surveys commonly omit detail on the time of onset of a condition, despite our knowledge that among patients who have a condition, experience affects the value assigned to that condition. The debate regarding whose values to use in cost utility analysis is based in part on this observed difference between values depending on the perspective from which they are measured. This research explores the effect on community preferences for hypothetical health states of including the time of onset of a health condition in the health state description, to investigate whether this information induces community respondents to provide values closer to those of patients with experience with a condition. The goal of the research is to bridge the gap between patient and community preferences. A survey of community-perspective preferences for hypothetical health states was conducted among a convenience sample of healthy adults recruited from a hospital consortium's research volunteer pool. Standard gambles for three hypothetical health states of varying severity were compared across three frames describing time of onset: six months prior onset, current onset, and no onset specified in the description. Results were compared within health state across times of onset, controlling for respondent characteristics known to affect utility scores. Sub-analyses were conducted to confirm results on values meeting inclusion criteria indicating a minimum level of understanding and compliance with the valuation task. Standard gamble scores from 368 completed surveys were not significantly different across times of onset described in the health state descriptions regardless of health condition severity and controlling for respondent characteristics. Similar results were found in the subset of 292 responses that excluded illogical and invariant responses. The inclusion of information on the time of onset of a health condition in community-perspective utility survey health state descriptions may not be salient to or may not induce expression of preferences related to disease onset among respondents. Further research is required to understand community preferences regarding condition onset, and how such information might be integrated into health state descriptions to optimize the validity of utility data. Improved understanding of how the design and presentation of health state descriptions affect responses will be useful to eliciting valid preferences for incorporation into decision making.
A ~7.5 M⊕ Planet Orbiting the Nearby Star, GJ 876*

High-precision, high-cadence radial velocity monitoring over the past 8 yr at the W. M. Keck Observatory reveals evidence for a third planet orbiting the nearby (4.69 pc) dM4 star GJ 876. The residuals of three-body Newtonian fits, which include GJ 876 and Jupiter-mass companions b and c, show significant power at a periodicity of 1.9379 days. Self-consistently fitting the radial velocity data with a model that includes an additional body with this period significantly improves the quality of the fit. These four-body (three-planet) Newtonian fits find that the minimum mass of companion "d" is m sin i = 5.89 ± 0.54 M⊕ and that its orbital period is 1.93776 (±7 × 10-5) days. Assuming coplanar orbits, an inclination of the GJ 876 planetary system to the plane of the sky of ~50° gives the best fit. This inclination yields a mass for companion d of m = 7.53 ± 0.70 M⊕, making it by far the lowest mass companion yet found around a main-sequence star other than our Sun. Precise photometric observations at Fairborn Observatory confirm low-level brightness variability in GJ 876 and provide the first explicit determination of the star's 96.7 day rotation period. Even higher precision short-term photometric measurements obtained at Las Campanas imply that planet d does not transit GJ 876.
Primary Tumor Response to Targeted Agents in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

Background The recent development of multiple targeted agents for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has changed the treatment paradigm; hence the benefit and optimal timing of cytoreductive nephrectomy is being reevaluated.