cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Novel Pathway for Protein Import into Mitochondria ♦ 96

Mitochondria produce essentially all of the energy for tissues with high metabolic activity, such as heart and brain. Proper targeting and import of precursor proteins into mitochondria is crucial to their function. Currently, precursor proteins targeted to mitochondria are thought to be translated in the cytosol, targeted to the mitochondria by their transit peptide, and imported post-translationally via a multisubunit import complex in the mitochondrial membrane. However, we have found that, in addition to receptors in the outer mitochondrial membrane (OM) which recognize these precursor proteins, novel receptor(s) for the translation machinery also exist in the OM. Using three independent methods based on spectroscopic, SDS-PAGE, and radiometric assays, we have shown that ribosomes programmed with nascent mitochondrial precursor proteins specifically bind to the OM in a reaction controlled by both GTP and the transit peptide of the precursor protein. In addition, we also report the novel finding of a group of GTP-binding proteins in the mitochondrial membrane,one of which, termed G54, interacts with ribosomes to hydrolyze GTP. GTP will specifically cause the release of non-programmed ribosomes, or ribosomes programmed with non-mitochondrial proteins, from the OM but does not cause release of ribosomes programmed with mitochondrial precursor proteins. Ribosomes programmed with mitochondrial proteins also stably bind in the presence of GDP but the non-hydrolyzable GTP-analogue, guanosine-5'-[thio]-triphosphate, severely attenuates binding. These data show that, 1) Novel receptors specific for ribosomes are present on the mitochondrial OM, 2) Ribosome binding is mediated by both a GTP-dependent process, and the nature of the nascent peptide chain, and 3) A family of GTP-binding proteins is present in the mitochondrial membrane of which one, G54, participates in ribosome binding. These findings strongly support the controversial, but logical, hypothesis that a co-translational translocation pathway exists for import of proteins into mitochondria. The significance of these findings is that co-translational import may represent the major protein import pathway into mitochondria opening new directions and reagents to explore both normal, and diseased, metabolism in tissues with high energy needs, such as heart and brain.
Lack of correlation between antiobesity policy and obesity growth rates: review and analysis.

ABSTRACT Objective To review federal, state, and local antiobesity policies and to assess their relationships with obesity growth rates. Methods We performed a literature review, acquired data from governmental Internet sources, and assessed the statistical correlation between state antiobesity policies and the concavity in obesity growth rates. Results State-by-state antiobesity policies in 3 categories—taxation of sugared beverages and snacks, physical education and physical activity in schools, and funding for bicycle trails—were found to have no significant immediate correlation with the change in obesity growth rates. Conclusions Ineffective antiobesity legislation may be attributable to shortcomings in policy implementation. Behavioral economics and addressing large-scale cultural issues may have critical roles in promoting more healthful lifestyles. We propose that a systems-based paradigm evaluating complex interactions among pathophysiological, cultural, political, economic, and behavioral components can improve antiobesity policy implementation and should therefore be a research focus. (Endocr Pract. 2012;18:737-744)
Spontaneous Reopening of a Spontaneously Closed Macular Hole

To date, no fundus albipunctatus case with a maculopathy has been reported in a child. We describe a 9-year-old Japanese boy who presented with a 2-year history of night blindness with no family history of retinal diseases. Multiple discrete yellow-white dots were observed at the level of retinal pigment epithelium with scarring of the macula, in both eyes (Figure 1A). The eyes were otherwise normal. Full-field electroretinograms elicited by Ganzfeld stimuli after 20 minutes of dark adaptation showed no scotopic electroretinograms and “negative-shaped” bright-flash electroretinograms. Normal scotopic b-wave and bright-flash electroretinograms were recorded after 3 hours of dark adaptation. Photopic electroretinograms were normal (Figure 2A). Molecular genetic examination revealed a compound heterozygous mutation ,aTt o Cmutation at nucleotide 841 (Tyr281His), and a C deletion at nucleotide 928 with insertion of GAAG (Leu310GluVal) in RDH5. His normal father showed a heterozygous mutation at nucleotide 841 and was normal at nucleotide 928. No such base substitutions were recognized in 100 alleles from normal individuals. Unexpectedly for a young patient with fundus albipunctatus, 3 his fundi demonstrated symmetric atrophic lesions in the macula in both eyes (Figure 1A), and his corrected visual acuity was RE: 0.5 and LE: 0.3. Fluorescein angiography was normal in the macula (Figure 1B). Focal cone macular electroretinograms 5 (time constant, 0.03 seconds) demonstrated that the a- and b-waves were absent from 5 degrees and 10 degrees, and significantly reduced for 15° of the macula (Figure 2B). Because the function of his retina was deteriorated especially in the macula, he was found to have macular dystrophy and fundus albipunctatus. This case is different from previously reported elderly patients 3 because the patient did not show a bull’s eye but a foveal atrophy. He was not affected by general cone dystrophy because the full-field photopic electroretinograms were normal. We cannot determine whether the macular dystrophy is caused by a phenotypic variation of fundus albipunctatus or by a chance combination with fundus albipunctatus, however, we suggest that the macular dystrophy is caused by RDH5 mutation because many elderly patients with RDH5 mutations develop maculopathy. 3 Although the two mutations of Tyr281His and Leu310GluVal have been reported in other Japanese cases of fundus albipunctatus, 3 no case with this combination of a compound heterozygous mutation has been reported. It is not clear whether the phenotype in this case resulted from the genotype, and further data will be necessary to under
On the effect of bottom friction on internal waves

Abstract The problem of internal waves with bottom friction is formulated in a general form, and solved for an example where damping is relatively weak. The decay time for damping is not strongly dependent on frequency or stratification, but the decay distance is. These results appear to help rationalize the observed tendency for internal tides over the continental shelf to be weaker during periods of weak stratification than during strong stratification.
A CASE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL CASTRATION IN THE FOWL

Much of the knowledge of the relations which the functioning reproductive glands bear to somatic development has been gained from operative experiments. However, in some cases, abnormal individuals have been observed which have provided evidence concerning these relations. There came to our notice some time ago a case in the latter group. A Plymouth Rock cock had been purchased from a high grade pen for breeding purposes. To all appearances the bird was a normal young male but before he had reached the breeding age he came gradually to resemble a capon. Especially were the development of his comb and wattles, and the general shape and appearance of the body characteristic of a castrated bird.
Abstract IA18: Mechanisms of miRNA mediated cellular reprogramming

Abstract Recent evidence has indicated that miRNAs have the ability to promote dramatic changes in cell fate including pluripotent stem cell reprogramming. Certain miRNA clusters including miR302/367 are highly expressed in embryonic stem cells and when over-expressed can convert fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells. Moreover, recent publications have shown that certain miRNAs can directly convert fibroblasts to neurons indicating that this technique may be widely applicable to other cell lineages. Despite these intriguing results, little is understood about the molecular mechanism underlying miRNA mediated reprogramming. Since miRNAs can target hundreds of mRNAs, identification of specific targets as well as molecular pathways affected will require multiple approaches. Data will be presented on how our lab is using systems biology and genomic approaches to decipher the underlying mechanism of miRNA-mediated cellular reprogramming. Citation Format: Edward Morrisey. Mechanisms of miRNA mediated cellular reprogramming [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA18.
Immunological identification of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)

Abstract A monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay specific for Trogoderma granarium Everts was developed. The assay could rapidly and accurately distinguish T. granarium adults, pupae and larvae from six other Trogoderma species found within the United States.
SURVIVAL OF HEART TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS BRIDGED WITH LVAD SUPPORT BY GENDER

Gender differences in heart transplant (HT) outcomes are well known. However, differences among those bridged with LVAD (BTT) have not been well studied. We sought to examine the mortality differences in this population. 3020 BTT HT patients (exclusions:< 18y, multiorgan, follow up loss) were
Double-blind, crossover trial of fluoxetine and placebo in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Abstract Rigorously designed clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of fluoxetine in adults with major depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) but not in patients below 18 years old. This report describes a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose (20 mg qd) trial of fluoxetine in 14 children and adolescents with OCD, ages 8 to 15 years old; the study was 20 weeks long with crossover at 8 weeks. Obsessive-compulsive symptom severity was measured on the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) and the Clinician's Global Impression-Obsessive Compulsive Disorder scale (CGI-OCD). The CY-BOCS total score decreased 44% ( N = 7, p = .003) after the initial 8 weeks of fluoxetine treatment, compared with a 27% decrease ( N = 6, p = .13) after placebo. During the initial 8 weeks, the magnitude of improvement for the fluoxetine group significantly exceeded that for the placebo group as measured by the CGI-OCD ( p = .01) but not by the CY-BOCS ( p = .17). The most common drug side effects were generally well tolerated. The results suggest that fluoxetine is a generally safe and effective short-term treatment for children with OCD.
Sustained Attention at Age 5 Predicts Attention-Related Problems at Age 9

This study tested whether two aspects of sustained attention (focused attention and lack of impulsivity) measured at child age 5 predicted attention problems reported by mothers and teachers at age...
Influence of Stress on Thermoelectric Properties of Antimony Telluride

We present first-principles calculation for the behavior of antimony telluride under stress. We focus on the calculation of transport properties for pure Sb2Te3 and the investigation of stress-induced defects. Our transport calculations were done within first-principles using the linearized-augmented plane-wave method, where we first calculated the transport distribution for several stress conditions. Next, using these stress dependent transport distributions, we derived the stress dependence of the electrical conductivity, the Seebeck coefficient, and the power factor. Our calculations for the stress-induced defects were done utilizing a pseu-dopotential method and confining ourselves to the antisite defect. In all cases, our results are in good agreement with experimentally obtained data. Furthermore, we found that hydrostatic pressure does not improve the power factor, while, on the other hand, a large increase under uniaxial stress can be observed. Also, both hydrostatic pressure and uniaxial stress are found to lower the formation energies of the antisite defects, suggesting a structural transition at high pressures.
Re‐visioning the Dependency Crisis and the Negotiator's Dilemma: Reflections on the Sexual Family and the Mother‐Child Dyad

In keeping with the "perspective scholarship," including feminist methods, that Fineman's The Neutered Mother, the Sexual Family, and Other Twentieth Century Tragedies both describes and practices, I begin with my perspective. Before I set out to write about The Neutered Mother, the book helped organize my life to care for my mother in the months before she died. When I described that experience at a panel discussion some months later, Fineman told the audience I was the kind of "Mother" her book described. Beginning sometime in 1993, my then 74-year-old mother grew increasingly unable to care for herself. Over the next two years, she needed other people to drive her around, then to fix her meals, then to help clean her and remind her to take medicine, and finally to begin to carry the spoons of food to her lips. In what later we called her last months, she needed more than just some abstract-fungible "people" to help feed her.1 She seemed only to eat
Isolation and characterization of diverse halobenzoate-degrading denitrifying bacteria from soils and sediments.

Denitrifying bacteria capable of degrading halobenzoates were isolated from various geographical and ecological sites. The strains were isolated after initial enrichment on one of the monofluoro-, monochloro-, or monobromo-benzoate isomers with nitrate as an electron acceptor, yielding a total of 33 strains isolated from the different halobenzoate-utilizing enrichment cultures. Each isolate could grow on the selected halobenzoate with nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor. The isolates obtained on 2-fluorobenzoate could use 2-fluorobenzoate under both aerobic and denitrifying conditions, but did not degrade other halobenzoates. In contrast, the 4-fluorobenzoate isolates degraded 4-fluorobenzoate under denitrifying conditions only, but utilized 2-fluorobenzoate under both aerobic and denitrifying conditions. The strains isolated on either 3-chlorobenzoate or 3-bromobenzoate could use 3-chlorobenzoate, 3-bromobenzoate, and 2- and 4-fluorobenzoates under denitrifying conditions. The isolates were identified and classified on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and their cellular fatty acid profiles. They were placed in nine genera belonging to either the α-, β-, or γ-branch of the Proteobacteria, namely, Acidovorax, Azoarcus, Bradyrhizobium, Ochrobactrum, Paracoccus, Pseudomonas, Mesorhizobium, Ensifer, and Thauera. These results indicate that the ability to utilize different halobenzoates under denitrifying conditions is ubiquitously distributed in the Proteobacteria and that these bacteria are widely distributed in soils and sediments.
Aging-Associated Vascular Phenotype in Mutant Mice With Low Levels of BubR1

Background and Purpose— Aging is a major risk for stroke and a highly complex biological process believed to involve multiple mechanisms. Mutant mice that express low levels of the spindle assembly checkpoint protein BubR1 are known to develop several aging-associated phenotypes at a very young age, including cataracts, lordokyphosis, loss of subcutaneous fat, and impaired wound healing. However, whether BubR1 acts to prevent vascular aging has not yet been established. The present study was designed to investigate the vascular phenotype of mutant mice with low levels of BubR1. Methods— Morphological, functional, and biochemical analyses were performed on aortas and carotid arteries of 3- to 5-month-old BubR1 mutant mice and wild-type littermates. Results— Arterial wall thickness and inner diameter were significantly reduced in BubR1 mutant mice. Arterial walls of BubR1 mutant mice had low numbers of medial smooth muscle cells. Masson trichrome staining showed profound fibrosis in arterial walls of BubR1 ...
TRP-ML1 regulates lysosomal pH and acidic lysosomal lipid hydrolytic activity.

Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV) is caused by mutations in the ion channel mucolipin 1 (TRP-ML1). MLIV is typified by accumulation of lipids and membranous materials in intracellular organelles, which was hypothesized to be caused by the altered membrane fusion and fission events. How mutations in TRP-ML1 lead to aberrant lipolysis is not known. Here we present evidence that MLIV is a metabolic disorder that is not associated with aberrant membrane fusion/fission events. Thus, measurement of lysosomal pH revealed that the lysosomes in TRP-ML1-/- cells obtained from the patients with MLIV are over-acidified. TRP-ML1 can function as a H+ channel, and the increased lysosomal acidification in TRP-ML1-/- cells is likely caused by the loss of TRP-ML1-mediated H+ leak. Measurement of lipase activity using several substrates revealed a marked reduction in lipid hydrolysis in TRP-ML1-/- cells, which was rescued by the expression of TRP-ML1. Cell fractionation indicated specific loss of acidic lipase activity in TRP-ML1-/- cells. Furthermore, dissipation of the acidic lysosomal pH of TRP-ML1-/- cells by nigericin or chloroquine reversed the lysosomal storage disease phenotype. These findings provide a new mechanism to account for the pathogenesis of MLIV.
A Powerful and Adaptive Association Test for Rare Variants

This article focuses on conducting global testing for association between a binary trait and a set of rare variants (RVs), although its application can be much broader to other types of traits, common variants (CVs), and gene set or pathway analysis. We show that many of the existing tests have deteriorating performance in the presence of many nonassociated RVs: their power can dramatically drop as the proportion of nonassociated RVs in the group to be tested increases. We propose a class of so-called sum of powered score (SPU) tests, each of which is based on the score vector from a general regression model and hence can deal with different types of traits and adjust for covariates, e.g., principal components accounting for population stratification. The SPU tests generalize the sum test, a representative burden test based on pooling or collapsing genotypes of RVs, and a sum of squared score (SSU) test that is closely related to several other powerful variance component tests; a previous study (Basu and Pan 2011) has demonstrated good performance of one, but not both, of the Sum and SSU tests in many situations. The SPU tests are versatile in the sense that one of them is often powerful, although its identity varies with the unknown true association parameters. We propose an adaptive SPU (aSPU) test to approximate the most powerful SPU test for a given scenario, consequently maintaining high power and being highly adaptive across various scenarios. We conducted extensive simulations to show superior performance of the aSPU test over several state-of-the-art association tests in the presence of many nonassociated RVs. Finally we applied the SPU and aSPU tests to the GAW17 mini-exome sequence data to compare its practical performance with some existing tests, demonstrating their potential usefulness.
Mallard's law recast as a Diophantine system: fast and complete enumeration of possible twin laws by [reticular] [pseudo] merohedry

Mallard's law of observation states that known twins by reticular pseudomerohedry have low twin index m and low obliquity δ between a lattice row and a lattice plane. Crystals in the twin are related by exact reflection in the lattice plane, exact rotation by π about the perpendicular to the lattice plane, or by exact rotation about the lattice row by 2kπ/q, with q = 2, 3, 4 or 6, and 1 ≤ k < q. In known cases, m is up to five or six, and δ is up to five or six degrees. Mallard's converse problem is then about finding all pairs of indices for rows and planes leading to twin indices not larger than m and to obliquities that are at most δ. Mallard's law is recast as the Diophantine pair constituted by the equality h · u = n and the inequality |h × u| < n tan δ. If a primitive reference system is used, the integer n is either m, 2m or 3m. A direct general solution of this system for u given n, h, δ and lattice data is detailed. That straightforward solution involves a tiny two-dimensional grid for u, considerably reducing the number of permutations to be considered. If the primitive reference system is Buerger-reduced, then moduli for indices of solutions h cannot exceed 3m, thus establishing a simple way to produce complete solutions. A program called OBLIQUE was designed on such principles. An implementation is available for free execution at http://ylp.icpet.nrc.ca/oblique/. OBLIQUE is also an interactive tool in Toth Information Systems' Materials Toolkit (http://www.tothcanada.com/), an exploitation framework currently operating on CRYSTMET and ICSD crystal structure data. The example of quartz cell data is described with mmax = 3 and δmax = 6°.
Sternal traction after open heart operation: An effective alternative to delayed sternal closure

Background. Routine closure of the sternum after cardiovascular surgical procedures sometimes causes severe cardiac depression because of a tamponade-like reduction in ventricular filling, leading to cardiogenic shock. Leaving the sternal halves apart, sealing the mediastinum by simply approximating the skin or using a prosthetic patch, and then performing delayed sternal closure in several days is a widely practiced life-saving maneuver. Methods. Described herein is an experience with 5 patients with severe cardiac output depression of the type usually treated by delayed sternal closure. Instead, upward (outward) traction was applied to the anterior chest while the sternum was primarily closed. Traction was maintained with full-thickness chest wall sutures. Results. The traction sutures were removed successfully in the intensive care unit between 1 and 4 days postoperatively, after appropriate vigorous treatment of postbypass myocardial enlargement and pulmonary distention and edema. Conclusions. This method of sternal traction allows physiologic improvement equivalent to delayed sternal closure in some patients and obviates the need for returning to the operating room to close the sternum in the early postoperative period.
Steroid-induced diabetes: a clinical and molecular approach to understanding and treatment

Since the advent of glucocorticoid therapy for autoimmune disease in the 1940s, their widespread application has led to the concurrent therapy-limiting discovery of many adverse metabolic side effects. Unanticipated hyperglycemia associated with the initiation of glucocorticoids often leads to preventable hospital admissions, prolonged hospital stays, increased risks for infection and reduced graft function in solid organ transplant recipients. Challenges in managing steroid-induced diabetes stem from wide fluctuations in post-prandial hyperglycemia and the lack of clearly defined treatment protocols. The mainstay of treatment is insulin therapy coincident with meals. This article aims to review the pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment principles unique to steroid-induced diabetes.
Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase induces ultrastructural changes in the neurohypophysis of dehydrated rats

Neuroglial relation in the rat neurohypophysis have been shown previously to change significantly after an acute dehydration stimulus. Here, we demonstrate a significant role for nitric oxide as a mediator of this response. Adult male rats were injected (i.p.) with 1.5 M NaCl or with 1.5 M NaCl and N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. Five hours after the dehydration stimulus, animals were perfusion fixed and the ultrastructure of their neurohypophyses examined. Neurohypophyses of animals injected with L-NAME and NaCl had significantly less contact between the basal lamina and the membrane of axon terminals than those of animals injected only with NaCl. There was also a significantly larger number of axonal profiles enclosed within neurohypophysial astrocytes in L-NAME and NaCl injected animals than in animals injected only with NaCl.
Alaska SAR Processor Implementation For E-ERS-1

Examines the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data processing algorithms used by the Alaska SAR Facility (ASF) for Japan's first Earth Resources Satellite (JERS-1) SAR data. The algorithms are somewhat similar to those used for the European Space Agency's (ESA) first Remote-Sensing Satellite (ERS-1). The Alaska SAR Processor (ASP) processor for ERS-1 was upgraded in both the hardware and software to handle JERS-1 input data. To minimize tape interface time at every image region for raw data input, the JERS-1 preprocessing and main processing are implemented in a "two pass" operation. The important pre-processing highlights two features: (1) signal measurement and (2) Doppler measurement, which are performed by a "two dimensional FFT" (2DFFT) algorithm. The custom pipeline architecture performs the main processing with controls similar to those used with ERS-1 except the control registers are set up for L-band rather than for C-band. Finally, system performance of the processor for the SAR image processing of JERS-1 data is reviewed. >
Pulmonary vein Doppler flow patterns specific for elevated left ventricular filling pressures in older cardiac patients are common in healthy adults <40 years old

In older cardiac patients, elevated left-sided heart filling pressures are predicted by both a systolic PV flow fraction < 40% and a greater duration during atrial systole of reversal flow into the PVs than forward flow through the mitral valve. However, this study shows that these Doppler findings are not uncommon in younger subjects without cardiac disease. Use of these PV Doppler flow parameters to assess LV filling pressures should be limited to older patients.
University, Community College, and High School Students' Evaluations of Textbook Pedagogical Aids

We compared university, community college, and high school students' evaluations of common learning aids. Over 500 participants rated 15 pedagogical aids on 3 dimensions: familiarity, probability o...
Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococcus Species Isolated from Produce

The purpose of this study was to characterize the antibiotic resistance profiles of Enterococcus species isolated from fresh produce harvested in the southwestern United States. Among the 185 Enterococcus isolates obtained, 97 (52%) were Enterococcus faecium, 38 (21%) were Enterococcus faecalis, and 50 (27%) were other Enterococcus species. Of human clinical importance, E. faecium strains had a much higher prevalence of resistance to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and nitrofurantoin than E. faecalis. E. faecalis strains had a low prevalence of resistance to antibiotics used to treat E. faecalis infections of both clinical and of agricultural relevance, excluding its intrinsic resistance patterns. Thirty-four percent of the isolates had multiple-drug-resistance patterns, excluding intrinsic resistance. Data on the prevalence and types of antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus species isolated from fresh produce may be used to describe baseline antibiotic susceptibility profiles associated with Enterococcus spp. isolated from the environment. The data collected may also help elucidate the role of foods in the transmission of antibiotic-resistant strains to human populations.
Bypass rates: reducing query abandonment using negative inferences

We introduce a new approach to analyzing click logs by examining both the documents that are clicked and those that are bypassed-documents returned higher in the ordering of the search results but skipped by the user. This approach complements the popular click-through rate analysis, and helps to draw negative inferences in the click logs. We formulate a natural objective that finds sets of results that are unlikely to be collectively bypassed by a typical user. This is closely related to the problem of reducing query abandonment. We analyze a greedy approach to optimizing this objective, and establish theoretical guarantees of its performance. We evaluate our approach on a large set of queries, and demonstrate that it compares favorably to the maximal marginal relevance approach on a number of metrics including mean average precision and mean reciprocal rank.
Multi-modal perceptualization of volumetric data and its application to molecular docking

In this paper, we present a multi-modal data perceptualization system used to analyze the benefits of augmenting a volume docking problem with other perceptual cues, particularly stereoscopic vision and haptic rendering. This work focuses on the problem of matching complex three-dimensional shapes in order to reproduce known configurations. Specifically, we focus on the docking of two proteins, actin and cofilin, responsible for cellular locomotion. Users were shown examples of cofilin combining with actin and asked to reproduce this match. Accuracy of the match and completion time were measured and analyzed in order to quantify the benefits of augmenting tools for such a task.
An innovative interprofessional education program for university medical, nursing, and social work students learning in teams during sessions and visits with geriatric mentors

Abstract This curricular resource describes a university interprofessional education program involving small teams composed of one first year medical student, one to two first year masters of social work students, and one to two traditional or accelerated nursing students. Case discussions framed by IPE competencies take place in a facility on campus with activities to be used with senior volunteer mentors. The main objective of using the Core Competencies for Interprofessional Collaborative Practice 2011 is because students have limited knowledge of IPE collaborative practice and little exposure to geriatric populations. The format includes a blended learning environment to work in teams and debriefing before and after sessions and visits. Students are given pretest and posttest surveys and short reflective writing assignments throughout and at the end of the program. A majority of the students agree to strongly agree that knowledge of IPE increased, teamwork strengthened, and attitude toward seniors changed.
Data in Context: Conceptualizing Site-Specific Visualization Projects

Site-specific data visualization installations have distinct conditions of data collection, data analysis, audience interaction and data archiving. This article describes features of five data visualization projects related to their successful staging within different contexts.
Disasters, Displacement and Protection: Challenges, Shortcomings and Ways Forward

Natural disasters have become a primary cause of forced migration, and the effects of climate change are expected to intensify such disasters and accelerate displacement rates in upcoming decades. Yet the conceptual, normative and organisational frameworks underpinning human rights protection for environmentally displaced persons remain underdeveloped. This chapter examines the need for human rights protection for environmental migrants; the challenges to providing this protection; and potential responses. While most persons uprooted by environmental disasters will remain within their own countries, entitled to the protections set out in the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, there is a need for greater clarity regarding the status and protection requirements of those displaced by ‘slow onset’ disasters. But the largest protection gap pertains to environmentally displaced persons who cross international borders. Strengthening protection for those displaced by the effects of climate change must include clarifying and expanding normative and organisational frameworks; crafting comprehensive national protection policies; raising awareness of human rights protection; and pioneering more effective approaches for dealing with states that fail to protect their citizens.
Using fake sinks and deceptive relays to boost base-station anonymity in Wireless Sensor Network

In applications of wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), the base-station (BS) acts as a sink for all data traffic. The continuous flow of packets toward the BS enables the adversary to analyze the traffic and uncover the BS position. In this paper we present a technique to counter such an attack by morphing the traffic pattern in the WSN. Our approach introduces multiple fake sinks and deceptive relays so that nodes other than the BS are implicated as the destination of all data traffic. Since the problem of the optimal fake sink's placement is NP-hard, we employ a heuristic to determine the most suitable fake sink count and placement for a network. Dynamic load-balancing trees are formed to identify relay nodes and adapt the topology to route packets to the faked (and real) sinks while extending the network lifetime. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
The brushless doubly-fed machine: its advantages, applications and design methods

This paper describes the physical configuration of the brushless doubly-fed machine (BDFM) and its potential as an alternative low cost adjustable speed drive (ASD) or variable speed generator (VSG). Several applications have been demonstrated in the laboratory and have been issued with patents. The diversity of these applications and unusual configuration of the BDFM has necessitated the development of several analytical approaches which are now being developed into design tools as the development progresses from laboratory proof-of-concept devices to the first prototype applications. >
An Experimental Study of Stroke Kinematics and Wing Planform Design for Slow Forward Flapping Flight

Natural fliers are frequently studied to improve our understanding of flapping flight aerodynamics for the development of micro air vehicles. Prior research has demonstrated that natural fliers use a combination of different stroke plane angles and changes in pitching angle to change their horizontal flight velocity at slow flight speeds. This investigation explores the effects of varying stroke plane angle and pitching angle using several wing planform designs. Included in the explored design space is wing sweepback and the presence of leading edge sinusoidal scallops. A parameter map is generated for several different stroke plane angles illustrating the effect of changes in pitching angle. A local optimum is present for each kinematic set of stroke plane angles. Wing planform design changes the overall generated forces, but doesn’t significantly change the effect of stroke plane angle.
Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Its Importance In Academics

The purpose of this paper is to support Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) as an essential area of study in the field of business education that is often neglected.OCB has been defined as individual behavior that is discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system, and that in the aggregate promotes the effective functioning of the organization (Organ, 1988).The inclusion of OCB in business education could be beneficial to both managers and organizations by educating the manager, as well as by developing employees.OCB is typically discussed in Organizational Behavior (OB) courses; however, it is often a relatively small part of the coursework. There are also several other relevant areas of management that fail to include OCB as part of academic content.
Survey of Cache Analysis for Worst-Case Execution Time Estimation

The main task of real-time system design is to analyze the timing behaviors of a system at design time in order to guarantee that the given timing constraints are met at run time.The key issue is to estimate the Worst-Case Execution Time(WCET) of a program.Typically the WCET is heavily influenced by the hardware features of the target processor,among which Cache is the most influential factor.This article presents a survey on Cache analysis for WCET estimation.It introduces main research problems and challenges in different dimensions,such as the analysis of loops,data caches,multi-level caches,multi-core shared caches,non-LRU replacement policies,etc.The mainstream analysis techniques with their pros and cons are evaluated.An outlook for future research directions of Cache analysis is given in the end.
Quick, Does 23=67 Equal 33=97? A Mathematician's Secret from Euclid to Today

AbstractHow might we determine in practice whether 23/67 equals 33/97? Is there a quick alternative to cross-multiplying?How about reducing? Cross-multiplying checks equality of products, whereas r...
Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Urologic Surgery

The significance of antibiotics as prophylaxis is related to their role in defending against anticipated infection. The critical factor is not only the antibiotic itself, but also the time of administration, which must be within a "decisive period" of three to four hours after the incision. Any inhibitor or enhancer of bacterial growth in a surgical incision must act during this critical period if it is to be effective. The incidence of infection is correlated with the presence of infected urine. Thus, perimanipulative antibiotic coverage can reduce the risk of infection in patients with infected urine.
Wealth, Work and the Holy Poor: Early Christian Monasticism between Syria and Egypt

This article examines the attitudes to labour that were crystallized among the monks of two different regions of the Christian world in the late third and fourth centuries. The monks of Syria opted against work. Along with the Manichaean Elect, they expected to be supported by the alms of the faithful. Work for them was inconsistent with the ‘angel-like’ life of the ascetic. This view was hotly contested by the monks of Egypt, who regarded labour as part of the duty of the monk and as the monk’s link to a common, non-angelic humanity. Having sketched out the social and ideological background of both options, the article considers the implications, in Western Christianity, of the victory of the commitment to labour associated with the monks of Egypt.
Chaotic light: Q spoiling and directional emission in deformed-dielectric-cavity resonators

Cylindrical or spherical dielectric-cavity resonators in which high-Q modes are created by total internal reflection of electromagnetic waves circulating around the perimeter are commonly used as components in lasers and in sensitive detectors. The spectral properties of such resonators are crucial to the functioning of microdisk lasers1 and to the nonlinear optics of liquid droplets.2 An ideal resonator of this type consists of a dielectric body of perfect axial or spherical symmetry that totally internally reflects the light traveling in whispering- gallery modes almost tangential to the boundary. In an ideal resonator the light in these modes will escape only by evanescent leakage; thus they have very high Q (>108) and emit light isotropically (which can be a disadvantage in certain applications.2 In this work we study the effect on these high-Q modes of substantial deformations from rotational symmetry (1%-20%) by using a ray-optics model and concepts from classical nonlinear dynamics.3'4 Because the model is based on ray optics, it describes cavities whose typical dimensions are large compared to the wavelength and the smooth deformations.
The study of in vivo x-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique for gadolinium (Gd) measurements in human bone

An in vivo K x-ray fluorescence system, based on 109Cd source, for the detection of gadolinium has been investigated. Gd is of interest because of the extensive use of Gd-based contrast agents in MR imaging. A human simulating bone phantom set has been developed. The phantoms were doped with seven concentrations of Gd. Additional elements important for in vivo x-ray fluorescence, Na, Cl and Ca, were also included to create an overall elemental composition consistent with the Reference Man. A new 5 GBq 109Cd source was purchased to improve the source activity in comparison to the previous study (0.17 GBq). The previously published minimum detection limit (MDL) for Gd phantom measurements using KXRF system was 3.3 ppm. In this study the minimum detection limit for bare bone phantoms was found to reduce the MDL to 0.8, a factor of 4.1. The previous published data used only three layers of plastic as soft tissue equivalent materials and found the MDL of 4–4.8 ppm. In this study we have used the plastic with more realistic thicknesses to simulate a soft tissue at tibia. The detection limits for phantoms with Lucite as a tissue equivalent, using a new source, was determined to be 1.81 to 3.47 ppm (μg Gd per gram phantom). Our next study would be testing an in vivo K x-ray fluorescence system, based on 109Cd source on human volunteers who went through MR imaging and were injected by Gd.
The Rules and Patterns of Differentiation among Scholar-Bureaucrats

As the rules and practices related to the classification of scholarly positions developed, others emerged that determined the means of scholar-bureaucrats’ advancement and distinction. Some of these concerned the skills and competence of scholar-bureaucrats, such as academic excellence and the ability to discharge the duties of office. Others related to objective conditions, such as the geographic location of a scholar-bureaucrat's office and his economic resources. Still others regulated the influence of individuals’ personal and professional contacts on their success in the hierarchy. Generally speaking, these rules about distinction within the group of scholar-bureaucrats strengthened the tendency toward merit-based differentiation and augmented the control that the dignitary scholar-bureaucrats wielded in the hierarchical system. Differentiation on the Basis of Scholarly Excellence A scholar-bureaucrat's level of knowledge (or the perception thereof) could frequently influence his success in the hierarchy. This usually determined which track he would follow in his career. As detailed in Chapter 10, the track of dignitaries was considered higher, and those on it were expected to be more advanced in their academic studies, while the track of town judges was considered lower, and those on it usually cut their studies short. One way to measure the level of scholar-bureaucrats’ knowledge was to give them examinations on theological and legal sciences. In cases where several scholar-bureaucrats who were all equally eligible applied for a single open position, an examination was administered. For example, in 1528/29, Civizade Mehmed bin Ilyas, Uskubi Ishak Celebi (d. 1536/37), and Israfilzade (d. 1536/37) applied for an opening in the Sahn madrasas. They were asked to write short treatises on specified topics in jurisprudence and theology. They also examined one another's writings and wrote responses. Civizade was declared the winner. A similar examination took place during Ebussuud's tenure as the chief judge of Rumeli (1537–45) when Vizeli Abdulkerim (d. 1553/54), Abdulkerimzade Mehmed (d. 1568), Kara Abdurrahman (d. 1569), and Kadizade Ahmed Semseddin requested promotions at the same time. In addition, if the chief judges were unsure about the competence of applicants for a position, they could test them. For example, Dervis Mehmed, who had received the status of novice ( mulazemet ), requested an appointment to the judgeship of Korubana. He brought a letter of recommendation from the judge of Ustrumca, confirming that he taught some students in the town.
Intereye Agreement of Retinopathy of Prematurity from Image Evaluation in the Telemedicine Approaches to Evaluating of Acute-Phase ROP (e-ROP) Study.

Purpose To determine the symmetry on retinal image grading of fellow eyes for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) features (stage, zone, and plus disease) and severity, to provide the basis for the within-subject comparison for ROP trials. Design Secondary analyses of data from the Telemedicine Approaches to Evaluating of Acute-Phase ROP (e-ROP) Study. Subjects Infants with birth weight less than 1251 g. Methods Infants underwent serial retinal imaging sessions in both eyes by certified imagers starting at 32 weeks' postmenstrual age. Two trained nonphysician readers graded each eye independently for ROP features in a 5-retinal-image set from each session. Discrepancies were adjudicated by a reading center supervisor. Readers were masked to all eye examination results, previous gradings of both eyes, current grading of the fellow eye, and demographic data. Main Outcome Measures The intereye agreement assessed using percentage exact agreement and weighted kappa ( K w ) for stage, zone, plus, referral-warranted ROP (RW-ROP; defined as the presence of stage 3 or above, plus disease, or zone I ROP), and severity of ROP. Results Among 3918 imaging sessions in 1235 infants, the percent agreement ( K w ) between paired eyes was 75.3% (0.65) for stage of ROP, 82.3% (0.68) for zone of ROP, 78.7% (0.51) for plus disease, 84.7% (0.56) for RW-ROP, and 72.7% (0.63) for severity of ROP. Similar intereye agreements were found when considering ROP features at the first imaging session, at the last imaging session, and at any imaging session. Based on image evaluations from all sessions, 412 infants (33.4%) had ROP stage 3 or above, 148 (12.0%) had zone I ROP, 70 (5.7%) had plus disease, and 419 (33.9%) had RW-ROP in 1 or both eyes; symmetrical findings were present in 71.4% for ROP stage 3 or above, 56.8% for zone I ROP, 50.0% for plus disease, and 73.7% for RW-ROP. Conclusions Image evaluations by masked, trained readers showed good intereye agreement in ROP characteristics, consistent with the high intereye agreement in ROP from clinical examinations by ophthalmologists in other studies. These data confirm that acute ROP is typically symmetrical and supports within-subject comparison in ROP trials.
Theory: A City-Regional Geography of Multiple Orders

The pursuit of urban sustainability through smart growth programs, policies, and projects—the subject of this book—raises wider theoretical questions about how we should map the highly variegated ways in which regional planning strategies ultimately (re)shape urban form, in Greater Seattle or indeed any other city-regional environment. In particular, are the spaces that smart growth (helps to) make sustainable or unsustainable or in fact both at the same time, albeit unevenly across metropolitan space? This chapter discusses smart growth as a syncretic normative planning theory for regional (re)development, covering literatures that seek to define its key aspirational traits as well as its major territorial impacts in applied practice at various scales of governance. The chapter then turns to the concept of “intercurrence,” deployed from the field of American Political Development (APD), for theoretical inspiration. Intercurrence, it is argued, highlights the inevitable “abrading” of multiple orders at any given site, allowing us to reconsider the uneven geopolitical-economies of smart growth as a contested form of American territorial governance. Rather than wholly dismiss or uncritically celebrate smart growth through radical, liberal, or progressive ontologies, respectively, intercurrence foregrounds the multiplicities of consciously organized space.
Tunnel-junction p-contact sub-250 nm deep-UV LEDs

We demonstrate a 243 nm deep-ultraviolet (deep-UV) GaN/AlN heterostructure light-emitting diode with and without a tunnel-junction p-contact. Optical emission occurs from 2 monolayer thick GaN quantum structure active regions. Use of a tunnel-junction enhances the current density under forward bias.