cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive three-phase opiate sparing multimodal pain protocol for hip arthroscopy: a retrospective review.

The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of a three-phase, multimodal, perioperative pain protocol for primary hip arthroscopy based on pain scores, narcotic use, time to discharge, hospital admission and complications. A retrospective study of patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopy over a 48-month time period was conducted. Patients were separated into a multimodal group consisting of non-narcotic medication, local analgesia and a peripheral nerve block (PNB) versus patients receiving only a PNB. Differences in post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) visual analog scores, PACU time to discharge, PACU opioid consumption, hospital admission and complications between protocols were recorded and analyzed. There were 422 patients who underwent 484 surgeries, with 15 patients crossing over pain protocol groups for surgery on the contralateral hip. One hundred and ninety-six patients underwent 213 procedures in the multimodal group and 241 patients underwent 271 procedures in the PNB group. No differences in baseline characteristics were appreciated between groups. Mean time to discharge was significantly shorter in the multimodal group (137.4 ± 49.3 min versus 176.3 ± 6.5 min; P < 0.001) which also had less post-operative admissions (0 versus 9; P = 0.006) than the PNB group. In patients who crossed over protocol groups, a statistically shorter time to discharge was appreciated with the multimodal protocol compared with the PNB protocol (119.9 ± 32.1 min versus 187.9 ± 9.2; P = 0.012). The three-phase, multimodal pain protocol led to significantly faster discharge times and fewer hospital admissions when compared with isolated PNB in patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopy.
Emphasizing Substance: Making the Case for a Shift in Political Speech Jurisprudence

Political speech is vital to a functioning democracy and is highly protected. That much is hardly disputed. What courts, legal scholars, and those seeking to convey a political message do dispute is how political speech should be identified and protected, and who should decide what constitutes political speech. This Note looks at the history of political speech doctrine and critiques two intent-based approaches that have been proposed by First Amendment scholars to define political speech. This Note proposes a solution to many problems inherent in defining, identifying, and protecting political speech within intent-based frameworks, arguing that focusing on intent creates a distinction without a difference and leads to uneven results in similar situations. The proposed solution, which I term the “Substance-based Political Contribution” Approach, focuses on the substance of the speech and the objective contribution it makes to political discourse, rather than focusing solely on the intent of the speaker or actor. This approach finds support in history and precedent, and is based on the Supreme Court’s recent decision in FEC v. Wisconsin Right to Life. An objective approach emphasizing substance rather than intent, such as the Substance-based Political Contribution Approach, will more effectively consider and evaluate free speech rights and First Amendment concerns, providing greater determinacy, preventing unequal results in similar instances of speech or action, and protecting a greater proportion of expressive conduct, to the benefit of all.
4D Quantum Gravity via W_infinity Gauge Theories in 2D, Collective Fields and Matrix Models

It is shown how Quantum Gravity in D = 3 can be described by a W_inifnity Matrix Model in D = 1 that can be solved exactly via the Collective Field Theory method. A quantization of 4D Gravity can be attained via a 2D Quantum W_inifnity gauge theory coupled to an infinite-component scalar-multiplet ; i.e. the quantization of Einstein Gravity in 4D admits a reformulation in terms of a 2D Quantum W_inifnity gauge theory coupled to an infinite family of scalar fields. Since higher-spin W_inifnity symmetries are very relevant in the study of 2D W_inifnity Gravity, the Quantum Hall effect, large N QCD, strings, membranes, topological QFT, gravitational instantons, Noncommutative 4D Gravity, Modular Matrix Models and the Monster group, it is warranted to explore further the interplay among all these theories.
The Low Light Level Performance of the Intensifier Orthicon

Publisher Summary Under the research program “Cat Eye” of the United States Air Force (USAF), it was concluded by Gebel, Wright Air Development Center (WADC), that the most practical way of achieving an imaging device useful for aeronautical purposes that would reach the sought-for sensitivity would be to use television pickup tube techniques, combined with preamplification using image converter principles. One of the reasons upon which this decision was based is that once the fundamental sensitivity has been achieved, conventional video amplifiers can be used to obtain the additional brightness gain needed for convenient photopic viewing or for photographic recording.
Historical Vegetation, Fuel Loads, and Integrated Resource Information Systems for Bryce Canyon National Park

The composition and distribution of plant communities across a natural landscape is determined by a complex interaction of environment, interspecies relations and disturbance. Environmental factors associated with particular locations, such as precipitation and temperature regimes, limit the species which can occur at a given site to those with a metabolism suited to the environmental conditions. These environmental factors, while variable across the landscape, are relatively constant at a fixed point in space. Consequently, environment acts as a relatively constant constraint on vegetation distribution and composition. Within the usually large set of species which can exist at a given point, interspecies competition further limits the species present at a given time. The ecological characteristics of the species are also rather fixed, and the interspecies relations lead to a fairly directional and predictable change with time, i.e. succession. Disturbance reduces or eliminates some species directly, and leads indirectly to changes in composition through changes in the competitive hierarchy. In contrast to environmental and interspecies effects, the occurrence and effects of disturbance are highly variable, and depend in a complex way on previous disturbance and the current and previous vegetation. Historically, fire played an enormous role in determining the characteristics of vegetation in western forests. Additionally, fire suppression has preserved species which would have been reduced or eliminated under a regime of repeated burning, and has led to an increase in fuel loads in many natural communities. The high fuel loads cause relatively severe fires when fires do occur, causing relatively greater disturbance than occurred in the historical past. The results of these high intensity fires are very different from low intensity fires, with increased mortality of even fire-tolerant species, and occasionally catastrophic results. To evaluate the current landscape with reference to the historic landscape information is needed in several related areas. First, more baseline information is required on the historic vegetation mosaic. Specifically, what was the distribution of plant communities on the historic landscape, and what was the typical composition of these communities? Second, how does the pattern compare to the current pattern and how is this relation affected by the vegetation potential of the environment and the interspecies relations? How can natural ecosystem processes, including fire, be reintroduced so as to return the vegetation mosaic to one more similar to the historic vegetation mosaic? How can the guidelines which emerge from this information be implemented in an operational and spatially-explicit manner? These information needs are best met through a comprehensive information system incorporating the basic ecological relations of the vegetation and environment, fuel load accumulation, and fire behavior models.
Anterior Femoral Curvature Revisited: Race Assessment from the Femur

The increasing need for accurate race assessment from postcranial skeletal remains has emphasized the lack of simple, replicable methods by which to accomplish the task. Several techniques have been proposed, but without adequate results. Anterior femoral curvature was first suggested and researched by T. Dale Stewart in 1962 (6). The technique used in that study was subjective at best. He provided no substantial discrimination between whites or blacks. Two later studies only reused Stewart's technique and/or data. This study was assumed to address these issues and provide an improved technique. Skeletal collections at the Smithsonian, as well as the forensic collections at the University of Florida and the University of Tennessee, provided the specimens for this study. The historical collection of the First African Baptist Church of Philadelphia, PA, and the modern forensic collection at Louisiana State University provided the test samples. Only black and white individuals were used, and those were selected based on previous soft tissue or positive identification. Thirteen measurements were taken, including six newly developed measures. Age, race, and sex were also documented. Discriminant analysis was used to develop functions for race assessment. After analyzing the data through SPSSx using Discriminant, the variables selected provided an accuracy of 88.15% using the right femur and 86.10% with the left femur. Age was divided into two groups: under 30 and over 30. Most skeletons can be easily aged into these categories.
Fast efficient and scalable Core Consistency Diagnostic for the parafac decomposition for big sparse tensors

Multilinear analysis is pervasive in a wide variety of fields, ranging from Signal Processing to Chemometrics, and from Machine Vision to Data Mining. Determining the quality of a given tensor decomposition is a task of utmost importance that spans all fields of application of tensors. This task by itself is hard in its nature, since even determining the rank of a tensor is an NP-hard problem. Fortunately, there exist heuristics in the literature that can be effectively used for this task; one of these heuristics is the so-called Core Consistency Diagnostic (CORCONDIA) which is very intuitive and simple. However simple, computation of this diagnostic proves to be a very daunting task even for data of medium scale, let alone big tensor data. With the increase of the size of the tensor data that need to be analyzed there grows the need for efficient and scalable algorithms to compute diagnostics such as CORCONDIA, in order to assess the modelling quality. In this work we derive a fast and exact algorithm for CORCONDIA which exploits data sparsity and scales very well as the tensor size increases.
At Yesenia’s House…

This paper explores the multiple expressions of Central American immigrant Pentecostalism in the Pico Union district of Los Angeles. Drawing on in-depth ethnographic fieldwork in three temples and informal conversations with over 30 active Pentecostals, this paper shows that Central American immigrant Pentecostals tend to congregate on the basis of “congregational homophily,” or shared social and cultural characteristics, especially in terms of age, marital status, presence of infirmities or ailments, and national/regional origin. This paper also explores the ways in which Central American immigrant Pentecostals tailor their religious practices to reflect their “congregational homophily” through the differential inclusion/exclusion of practices such as healing, “roommating,” and formal and informal discussions of shared histories. By focusing on “congregational homophily” and the active constructions and reconstructions of Central American immigrant Pentecostalism, we gain more insight into the ways some Central American immigrants negotiate their lives and experiences in the increasingly fettered social, cultural, and political topography of contemporary Los Angeles.
Epidemic of gram-negative organism septicemia subsequent to elective operation

Abstract An explosive outbreak of endotoxic shock occurred during a 12 hour period following elective operation in 5 patients. All of the patients survived. The source of the infection was traced to a solution employed to produce muscle relaxation during anesthesia. Clinical highlights of the epidemic, the method of treatment, and the epidemiologic studies are briefly presented. Suggestions as to the prevention of further similar outbreaks are discussed.
Fast and slow fission

Measurements of alpha particle induced fission of actinide nuclei and fission of the composite system 170Yb formed in 12C and 20Ne bombardments both show significantly greater neutron emission prior to fission than is consistant with current statistical models. Implications of these results are discussed in the context of possible extreme models: 1) the enhancement of fission at low excitation energies due to shell effects; 2) the inhibition of fission at high excitations due to a limiting of the fission width and 3) the possibility of significant neutron emission during the descent from saddle to scission. In addition the apparent incompatability between current models of incomplete fusion processes and the analysis of light heavy ion induced fission which ignore incomplete fusion is discussed.
Electron and Hole Mobility in Semiconductor Devices

Carrier mobility in a semiconductor is one of the most important parameters for the operation of electronic devices. Actually, the mobility measures the ability of free carriers (electrons or holes) to move in the material as it is subjected to an external electric field. The magnitude of the mobility directly impacts on the device performance since it determines the operation speed through the transit time across the device, the circuit operating frequency, or the sensitivity in magnetic sensors. In this article, the basic aspects of electronic transport in a semiconductor will be addressed, first with a special emphasis on the mobility behavior. Then a brief review of the transport properties for Silicon and GaAs will be presented owing to typical electron and hole mobility data for majority and minority carriers. Finally, some specific mobility results for field effect transistors such as Si MOSFETs, GaAs heterostructure field effect transistors (HFET) as well as GaAs and Ge based MOSFETs will be discussed. Keywords: Mobility; electron; hole; bulk; FET
Neural correlates of verbal learning in adolescent alcohol and marijuana users.

Aims Alcohol and marijuana are the most widely used intoxicants among adolescents, yet their potential unique and interactive influences on the developing brain are not well established. Brain regions subserving learning and memory undergo continued maturation during adolescence, and may be particularly susceptible to substance-related neurotoxic damage. Here, we characterize brain response during verbal learning among adolescent users of alcohol and marijuana.
Radiative capture of energetic neutrons by 208Pb

Abstract The radiative capture cross section of neutrons with energies covering the range 6.2–14.7 MeV has been measured for the 208Pb(n, γ)209Pb reaction. Gamma-ray spectra were recorded with a NaI(Tl) anti-Compton spectrometer. A time-of-flight technique was used to reject undesirable background. Absolute cross sections were determined for γ-ray transitions to the g 9 2 ground state, the i 11 2 state at 0.78 MeV, the doublet of j 15 2 and d 5 2 states near 1.5 MeV, and the close pair of g 7 2 and d 3 2 states at about 2.5 MeV in 209Pb. All cross sections show a resonance behavior in accordance with the prediction of semi-direct capture theory as the neutron energy spans the giant-dipole resonance. The measured cross sections are a factor of 2–3 higher than the predicted values.
Recursive equivalence types and combinatorial functions

Publisher Summary This chapter provides information on the Recursion theory that is originated as an ancillary of Hilbertian proof-theory. It is developed into an independent branch of mathematics in the last decade with no philosophical presuppositions. It is the theory of those properties of the sets of natural numbers that are preserved under recursive permutations, where a recursive permutation is a one-one recursive function mapping the set of all natural numbers onto itself. Dekker has introduced the conception of recursive equivalence type—which belongs to two sets α and β (of natural numbers) that are called “recursively equivalent” if there is a one-one partial recursive function defined at least on α—and mapping it onto β. The class of all sets recursively equivalent to a given set α is called the “recursive equivalence type” (R.E.T.) of α, and is denoted by Req (α). The collection of all R.E.T.'s is denoted by Ω. The relation between recursive equivalence and recursive isomorphism is given by a theorem that completely reduces the study of recursive isomorphism types to the study of recursive equivalence types.
Current-induced chiral phase transition in a Josephson-junction array

It is predicted that the fully frustrated Josephson-junction array on a square lattice with alternating columns of junctions having a reduced critical current $I_{weak}=\mu I_{0}$(with $\mu<1$ and $I_{0}$ the critical current of all other junctions) in certain range of $\mu$ will under increasing of the external current first change from the state with zero chirality to the state with nonzero one at the lower critical current $I_{c1}$ before entering nonsuperconducting state at the upper critical current $I_{c2}$.
Smarter bridges through advanced structural health monitoring

This paper describes an IBM and the University of Miami joint research project providing infrastructure and application components to advance structural health monitoring of civil infrastructures such as bridges. We discuss a newly developed software infrastructure that enables a shift from batch to continuous bridge monitoring, providing continuous real-time sensor data collection and forwarding to a monitoring location where the data is cleansed (e.g., corrected), normalized, and recorded. We also discuss how significant load events are detected and fracture mechanics analytics are applied to assess bridge structural health. Finally, we discuss visualization of the raw and processed data. The University of Miami civil engineers developed the continual analytics techniques based on fracture mechanics and acoustic-emission analytics that together with the software infrastructure make it possible to perform more accurate and real-time monitoring of bridge deterioration. For civil structural health monitoring, this introduces a shift from time- to event-based analytics by exploiting a rolling, potentially complex, significant event-based threshold that triggers the analytics. The system was deployed on a single laboratory test specimen to assess the validity of the messaging and analytical tools in a simulated bridge environment.
Access control for big data using data content

Conventional database access control models have difficulties in dealing with big data, especially for the features of volume, variety and velocity. To address the problem, we introduce the Content-based Access Control (CBAC) model for content-centric information sharing. As a complement to conventional models, CBAC makes access control decisions based on the content similarity between user credentials and data content dynamically. We present an enforcement mechanism for CBAC exploiting Oracle's Virtual Private Database (VPD). Experimental results show that CBAC makes reasonable access control decision with a small overhead.
Fetal or neonatal infection with attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus results in protective immunity against oral challenge with pathogenic SIVmac251.

Abstract We have reported that infection of fetal or neonatal rhesus macaques with attenuated SIVmac1A11 results in transient viremia, anti-SIV antibody responses, weak or absent cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses, and no clinical disease. In light of these results, we hypothesized that congenital infection with SIVmac1A11 produced immune tolerance to SIV. To test this hypothesis, at approximately 1 year of age, five rhesus macaques infected with SIVmac1A11 as fetuses (n= 3) or newborns (n= 2) and five naive juvenile rhesus macaques were challenged orally with pathogenic SIVmac251. The five naive animals became persistently viremic after oral SIVmac251 inoculation. In contrast, one of three monkeys inoculated with SIVmac1A11in uteroand one of two animals inoculated with SIVmac1A11 at birth were virus culture negative. Virus was isolated from PBMC of the other animals infected with SIVmac1A11in uteroor at birth. However, one animal had a substantially lower viral load than the control animals. These results suggest that SIV-specific immunity rather than tolerance results from congenital infection with attenuated SIVmac and that this immunity is sufficient to provide some protection from pathogenic virus challenge. These results also demonstrate that SIV can be transmitted orally in 6- to 17-month-old rhesus monkeys.
Brief Identification of linear systems with hard input nonlinearities of known structure

This paper studies identification of systems with input nonlinearities of known structure. For input nonlinearities parameterized by one parameter, a deterministic approach is proposed based on the idea of separable least squares. The identification problem is shown to be equivalent to an one-dimensional minimization problem. The method is very effective for several common static and nonstatic input nonlinearities. For a general input nonlinearity, a correlation analysis based identification algorithm is presented which is shown to be convergent.
“Property Phase Diagrams” for Compound Semiconductors through Data Mining

This paper highlights the capability of materials informatics to recreate "property phase diagrams" from an elemental level using electronic and crystal structure properties. A judicious selection of existing data mining techniques, such as Principal Component Analysis, Partial Least Squares Regression, and Correlated Function Expansion, are linked synergistically to predict bandgap and lattice parameters for different stoichiometries of GaxIn1-xAsySb1-y, starting from fundamental elemental descriptors. In particular, five such elemental descriptors, extracted from within a database of highly correlated descriptors, are shown to collectively capture the widely studied "bowing" of energy bandgaps seen in compound semiconductors. This is the first such demonstration, to our knowledge, of establishing relationship between discrete elemental descriptors and bandgap bowing, whose underpinning lies in the fundamentals of solid solution thermodyanamics.
“The View” and the Canine Connection: An Atlas of Mandibular Anterior Tooth Esthetics

: Restoring splinted mandibular incisors and canines with full crown restorations has always presented a challenge in creating an esthetic illusion of reality of normal individual teeth. This treatise is designed to present the rules for mandibular anterior esthetics that have been distilled from almost 4 decades of clinical practice of restoring dentitions that have been severely, compromised by the deformities of disease or accident. The resultant formula systematically creates the desired results with a high degree of predictability.
Myanmar's Foreign Trade and its Political Consequences

Abstract Analysis of Myanmar9s official and unofficial trade suggests that the material bases of independent political power have weakened. Concentration of commercial influence in conjunction with Western trade sanctions has curtailed the potential spread of an independent trading class. Declining trade exposure has also diluted the political power of agriculture, Burma9s traditional mainstay, to sustain challenges to the regime.
Love Life: Aristotle on Living Together with Friends

Abstract According to Aristotle, the most characteristic activity of friendship is “living together” [to suzen]. This paper seeks to understand living together in the light of his famous, foundational claim that humans are social by nature. Based on an interpretation of Nicomachean Ethics 9.9, I explain our need for friends in terms of a more fundamental human need to appreciate one's life as a whole. I then argue that friendship is built into the very structure of human life itself such that human living is living together.
Appearance of birdshot retinochoroidopathy in a patient with myelodysplasia syndrome

Purpose: To report the appearance of birdshot retinochoroidopathy in a patient with myelodysplasia syndrome. Method: Case report of a healthy 62-year-old woman who was fortuitously noted to have multiple atrophic spots in the posterior choroid and retina of each eye. Results: Subsequent medical evaluation included a blood cell count that disclosed pancytopenia, with a diagnosis of myelodysplasia made on bone marrow examination. Conclusion: An autoimmune response associated with the underlying myelodysplasia may be responsible for the appearance of atrophic retinal and choroidal lesions resembling birdshot retinochoroidopathy.
Leaching of Arsenic, Lead, and Antimony from Highway-Marking Glass Beads

AbstractGlass beads embedded in pavement markings provide retroreflectivity to ensure safe driving. Recently, elevated concentrations of arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), and lead (Pb) have been observed in glass beads imported to the US. After an initial assessment of total concentrations in glass beads, a factorial study was conducted to determine the impact of environmentally relevant factors on leaching: pH (4, 7, and 10), chemicals applied on roadways (NaCl, CaCl2, KCH3COO, and KCl), ionic strength (10−2–10−1 M), particle size (>100 and <37 μm), and time (18 h to 160 days). Additional leaching studies included the US EPA toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP). Results demonstrated that the most important factors affecting leaching were pH and time. For anions of As and Sb, leaching tended to increase with increasing pH, whereas for the cation Pb, leaching increased as pH decreased. As expected, leaching increased with a decrease in particl...
Moto Kanda and I on electromagnetic sensors

This paper summarizes, with a short bibliography of major references, the work of Dr. Motohisa (Moto) Kanda and Carl Baum on electromagnetic sensors. This topic of common interest was the subject of many of our discussions over the years.
UTILIZATION OF VARIOUS CARBOHYDRATES IN FERMENTED SAUSAGE

Various carbohydrates were tested for suitability as fermentable substrates in sausage mixes inoculated with a frozen concentrate starter culture of Pediococcus acidilactici. For sausages containing 1% of carbohydrate, fermentations at 38°C for 24 hr showed similar rates of pH reduction (approx 6.0 initial to 4.7 final) and lactic acid ýields (0% initial to 0.9% final) for dextrose and sucrose. Maltose yielded 78% as much acidity as dextrose and the final sausage mix had a pH of 4.95. Although a 24 hr pH reduction from approx 5.95 (initial) to 5.25 (final) occurred with lactose and dextrin usage, the final lactic acid levels were not significantly (P < 0.05) different from that of a control mix containing no added carbohydrate: The fermentation of mixes with corn syrups (DE 29, 43, 54.5, 63) showed that a greater pH reduction and higher lactic acid accumulation developed as the quantity of the “simpler” carbohydrate fraction in each syrup increased. In comparison to two control sausages (0% and 1% dextrose), sausages with 2% corn syrups (DE 29 and DE 63) had significantly (P < 0.05) lower shear values after 10 days of drying. No significant differences occurred in weight losses over a 30-day drying period.
Production of gauge bosons at the tevatron

The CDF and D0 collaborations have used recent data taken at the Tevatron to perform QCD tests with W and Z bosons decaying leptonically. D0 measures the production cross section times branching ratio for W and Z bosons and determines the branching ratio B(W {yields} l{nu}) = (10.43 {+-} 0.44)% (l = e, {mu}). This also gives an indirect measurement of the total width of the W boson: {Gamma}{sub W} = 2.16 {+-} 0.09 GeV. The W cross section times branching ratio into tau leptons is measured to be {sigma}({anti p}p {yields} W + X)B(W {yields} {tau}{nu}) = 2.38{+-}0.13 nb, from which the ratio of the coupling constants is determined: g{sub {tau}}{sup W}/g{sub e}{sup W} = 1.004 {+-} 0.019 {+-} 0.026. D0`s measurement of the differential d{sigma}/dP{sub T} distribution for the Z boson decaying to electrons, discriminates between different phenomenologic vector boson production models. CDF measures the cross section for the Drell-Yan continuum, and extracts improved limits on compositeness scales for quarks and leptons of {Lambda}{sub ql} {approximately} 3 - 6 TeV, depending on the model. Studies of W + Jet production at CDF and D0 find that the QCD prediction underestimates the production rate of W + 1 Jetmore » events by about a factor of 2 as measured by both collaborations.« less
Depletion lengths in semiconductor nanostructures

Abstract We calculate the depletion length, W(R), at the surface of a cylindrical nanostructure of radius R and show that W(R) satisfies the inequality Wp⩽W(R)⩽Rc, where W p = 2e Φ /(e 2 N d ) is the depletion length at a planar interface (Φ is the surface potential energy barrier, e is the dielectric constant and Nd is the doping density), and R c = 2 W p is, as we show, a critical radius below which, for R⩽Rc, the structure is fully depleted. The standard result Wp therefore underestimates the depletion length in a finite structure. The discrepancy between W(R) and Wp becomes significant when the dimensions of the structure becomes comparable to the depletion length, as can occur in nanostructure devices.
Has there been a decline in subarachnoid hemorrhage mortality

We studied subarachnoid hemorrhage in the population of Rochester, Minnesota, for the 40-year period from 1945 through 1984. The average annual incidence rate of subarachnoid hemorrhage in Rochester has remained constant at approximately 11 per 100,000 population. Age-specific incidence rates increased with age. However, the average annual mortality rate for subarachnoid hemorrhage in Rochester has shown a decreasing trend, from 6.8 per 100,000 population in 1955-1964 to 4.3 in 1975-1984. It is likely that this is due to a decrease in case-fatality rates from 57% in 1945-1974 to 42% in 1975-1984 (p = 0.10). This decreasing trend was also evident in annual mortality rates from subarachnoid hemorrhage for US white men and women. The reason for the improved case-fatality rate is unclear, but it may be related to changes in management. The interval from onset of subarachnoid hemorrhage to surgery decreased from a median of 12 days in 1975-1979 to 2 days in 1980-1984, and of those who survived to receive medical attention, more patients received some form of medical treatment in 1980-1984. Whether either or both of these changes have led to the decrease in the case-fatality rate is uncertain.
Transformation of Stable Glasses into Supercooled Liquids: Growth Fronts and Anomalously Fast Liquid Diffusion

Physical vapor deposition onto substrates near 0.85T(g) can prepare organic glasses with low enthalpy, high density, and high thermal stability. Isotopically labeled multilayer films of tris(naphthyl)benzene and indomethacin stable glasses were prepared and secondary ion mass spectrometry was used to study the evolution of these materials upon heating above T(g). In contrast to ordinary glasses, when stable glasses are held above T(g) they transform to a liquid via a growth front mechanism. In these experiments, growth fronts are initiated at the free surface of the glass and in some cases at the glass/substrate interface or an internal interface in the glass. For tris(naphthyl)benzene, the velocity of this growth front is observed to be nearly independent of the stability of the glass. Diffusion in the liquid that results from the growth front is initially 2-5 times faster than for the equilibrium supercooled liquid at the same temperature; the nature of this liquid is unclear. Under some circumstances, the slow evolution of this unusually mobile liquid into the equilibrium supercooled liquid can be observed.
Stronger accent following a stroke: the case of a trilingual with aphasia.

This study documents patterns of change in speech production in a multilingual with aphasia following a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). EC, a right-handed Hebrew–English–French trilingual man, had a left fronto-temporo-parietal CVA, after which he reported that his (native) Hebrew accent became stronger in his (second language) English. Recordings of his pre- and post-CVA speech permitted an investigation of changes in his accent. In sentence- and segment-listening tasks, native American English listeners (n = 13 and 15, respectively) judged EC's pre- and post-CVA speech. EC's speech was perceived as more foreign-accented, slow, strained and hesitant, but not less intelligible, post-CVA. Acoustic analysis revealed less coarticulation and longer vowel- and word-durations post-CVA. This case extends knowledge about perceptual and acoustic changes in speech production in multilinguals following CVAs. It is suggested that EC's stronger accent post-CVA may have resulted from damage to the neuronal networks tha...
Modulation by phenylacetate of early estrogen-mediated events in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Purpose: Phenylacetate (PA) and its derivatives constitute a group of small aromatic fatty acids that have been of considerable interest due to their anticancer properties in a number of experimental systems. We previously showed that PA can inhibit the growth of estrogen receptor (ER)+ breast cancer cells and that this activity is, at least in part, mediated by the ability of the compound to inhibit transcriptional activation driven by estrogen response elements (EREs). We now shed additional light on the antiestrogenic action of PA by determining its effects on early events in the estrogen-signaling pathway. Methods: MCF-7 breast cancer cells were used in this study. ER–ERE binding activity, and subsequent effects on ER and progesterone receptors (PR), c-myc, and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21ASF1/CP1/MDA-6 (p21) were evaluated using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, real-time RT-PCR, and western blotting methodologies. Effects of PA on p21 promoter activity were assessed in transient transfection experiments utilizing p21 promoter–reporter gene constructs. Results: We demonstrate that PA treatment can block ER–ERE binding activity and that this effect is accompanied by downregulation of PR and c-myc, two genes which are transcriptionally regulated by estrogen through novel-ER-binding sites. Suppression of c-myc by PA is followed by increased mRNA levels of p21, an effect that is mediated by PA activation of the p21 promoter. Forced overexpression of c-myc through co-transfection of MCF-7 cells with a c-myc expression plasmid prevented PA upregulation of p21 promoter activity. Conclusions: These findings confirm the potent antiestrogenic properties of PA, indicate that its effects are mediated by inhibiting ER–ERE interactions, and suggest that downregulation of c-myc is an early event leading to increased p21 expression and cell growth inhibition.
Optimal Test Generation in Combinational Networks by Pseudo-Boolean Programming

The problem of generating tests for the detection or location of permanent logical faults in combinational networks is formulated as a finite sequence of maximization problems in which the maximizing vertices are the desired tests. The formulation is based on the concept of real transform of a Boolean function, while maximization is achieved by pseudo-Boolean PB programming.
Interstate tax competition after TRA86

When a governor announces that a tax increase is necessary, how do voters decide whether the governor is representing the situation honestly, or just preparing to line his or her pockets? This paper presents evidence that voters may look at the tax increases in neighboring states to obtain information on whether a tax increase is appropriate and, using this information, decide whether to reelect their governor. The data suggest that comparisons with neighbors influence gubernatorial behavior: Governors are more likely to raise taxes when neighbors are doing the same. TRA86 allows us an extra check on the rnodelpresented: I f the marginal dollar taken in state taxes is more costly to state residents, this may increase the extent to which residents use information provided through neighboring states to sort good governors from bad.
A new technique for subclavian puncture.

A new technique for performing and teaching subclavian punctures based on the finding of a new landmark — a small tubercle on the medial aspect of the deltopectoral groove, is presented. This tubercle has been found to be easily palpable on 92% of individuals examined. With this new landmark and the technique described the novice can quickly master this procedure with very little difficulty. The author found that both clinicians inexperienced in subclavian puncture and nursing personnel performed the procedure successfully after the first or second trial.
Optogalvanic spectrum of argon in the visible wavelength region 4150-6700 Å

Optogalvanic spectrum of argon has been investigated in the visible wavelength region 4150-6700 A by axially irradiating a hollow cathodic discharge with an excimer pumped dye laser. About 180 transitions have been recorded and a majority of them have been identified using the Jl-coupling scheme. The optogalvanic spectrum in the regions 4300-5300 and 6010-6700 A is being reported in detail for the first time. The optogalvanic signal intensities are found to agree with atomic transition probabilities. A technique has been discussed to record a maximum number of transitions in optogalvanic effect.
Film Cooling Effectiveness in the Showerhead Region of a Gas Turbine Vane: Part I — Stagnation Region and Near-Pressure Side

An experimental study was conducted to determine the effects of film cooling on a gas turbine vane at two mainstream turbulence intensities of Tu = 0.5% and Tu = 22%. The low speed turbine vane test facility was designed to match the Reynolds number of operating engine conditions. The nine-time scale model airfoil simulates a gas turbine first-stage stator vane. The leading edge film cooling hole showerhead array included six rows of film cooling holes configured with one stagnation row, two pressure side rows, and three suction side rows. This paper presents film cooling effectiveness measurements in the stagnation region and near-suction side. Cooled air injection was used to conduct the tests at a density ratio of DR = 1.8 and blowing conditions over a range of M = 0.5 to M = 2.9. Infrared imaging techniques were used to measure the surface temperature distribution. The results provide a detailed evaluation of the effects of blowing ratio, mainstream turbulence, and stagnation line position on the measured effectiveness in the showerhead. The effect of increasing blowing ratio generally resulted in increased spanwise averaged effectiveness levels. The effect of mainstream turbulence varies with blowing ratio within the showerhead region. At low blowing ratio, high turbulence produced greater effectiveness, whereas at high blowing ratio, low turbulence produced greater effectiveness. The effect of stagnation line position also varied with blowing ratio. Overall, the dominating effect occurred when the blowing ratio was sufficiently strong to cause a spanwise merging of adjacent cooling jets resulting in very good spanwise uniformity and high adiabatic effectiveness.Copyright © 1999 by ASME
Expression profile of microRNAs in c-Myc induced mouse mammary tumors

c-Myc is a transcription factor overexpression of which induces mammary cancer in transgenic mice. To explore whether certain microRNAs (mirRNA) mediate c-Myc induced mammary carcinogenesis, we studied mirRNA expression profile in mammary tumors developed from MMTV-c-myc transgenic mice, and found 50 and 59 mirRNAs showing increased and decreased expression, respectively, compared with lactating mammary glands of wild type mice. Twenty-four of these mirRNAs could be grouped into eight clusters because they had the same chromosomal localizations and might be processed from the same primary RNA transcripts. The increased expression of mir-20a, mir-20b, and mir-9 as well as decreased expression of mir-222 were verified by RT-PCR, real-time RT-PCR, and cDNA sequencing. Moreover, we fortuitously identified a novel non-coding RNA, the level of which was decreased in proliferating mammary glands of MMTV-c-myc mice was further decreased to undetectable level in the mammary tumors. Sequencing of this novel RNA revealed that it was transcribed from a region of mouse chromosome 19 that harbored the metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript-1 (Malat-1), a non-protein-coding gene. These results suggest that certain mirRNAs and the chromosome 19 derived non-coding RNAs may mediate c-myc induced mammary carcinogenesis.
Short-term outcome of seizure patients who refuse transport after out-of-hospital evaluation.

Abstract. Objective: To determine the short-term outcome of patients with a known seizure disorder who have a seizure, are evaluated by out-of-hospital care providers, and refuse transport. Methods: This was a prospective study conducted over a 15-month period. Philadelphia Fire Department paramedics contacted a medical command physician whenever they encountered a patient with a known seizure disorder who had had another seizure and was refusing transport. After confirming that the patient had the mental capacity to refuse care and understood the associated risks, the physician recorded the patient's name, address, and telephone number. Beginning three days later, a registered nurse attempted to reach the patient by telephone and administer a brief questionnaire about his or her medical outcome. Patients not reached by telephone were sent a certified letter. The names of patients lost to follow-up were compared with medical examiner records to confirm that they had not died during the follow-up period. Results: Of 63 patients enrolled in the study, 52 (82.5%) were reached in follow-up. Of these, three (5.8%) had another seizure within 72 hours and recontacted 911. One of these patients (1.9%) was hospitalized. Twenty (38.5%) patients contacted their primary care physicians. There were no deaths, including patients lost to follow-up. Conclusions: Most patients (94.2%) who were evaluated by out-of-hospital care providers for a seizure and refused transport had no further seizure activity in the subsequent 72 hours. However, because there is a risk of recurrence, out-of-hospital care providers and medical command physicians should ensure that patients understand the risks of refusal.
Optical Properties of Evaporated Iridium in the Vacuum Ultraviolet from 500 Å to 2000 Å

The reflectance and optical constants of evaporated iridium films were measured in the wavelength region from 500 to 2000 A. The films were evaporated by electron bombardment and deposited at various rates onto glass substrates of various temperatures. Their optical constants were determined from reflectance measurements made at different angles of incidence. In contrast to aluminum and other oxide-film-forming metals, iridium showed very little change in reflectance during exposure to air. Films with highest normal incidence reflectance were obtained by evaporation onto substrates heated to 300°C and more. Owing to interference, semitransparent films of 100 to 200 A on glass showed higher reflectance than opaque films at most wavelengths in the vacuum ultraviolet. Iridium films produced under optimum conditions had a reflectance of about 27% at 550 A.
Stearyl CoA as a precursor of oleic acid and glycerolipids in mammary microsomes from lactating bovine: possible regulatory step in milk triglyceride synthesis.

The stearyl desaturase of lactating bovine mammary tissue is located in the microsomes and requires activated fatty acid and NADH for activity. Other enzymes, acyl-transferase(s) and deacylase which apparently compete with the desaturase for substrate are also present. Both the substrate 1-14C-stearyl CoA and the oleic acid produced by desaturase are esterified into the various lipid classes. The oleic acid is preferentially acylated into positionsn-3 of the triglycerides andsn-2 of the phosphatidylcholine. Experimental conditions causing reduced desaturase activity depressed triglyceride synthesis, and stimulation of desaturation by NADH L−α GP, acidic pH, 5.6, was accompanied by increased incorporation of radioactive fatty acids into the triglycerides. These data indicated that desaturase and glyceride acyl transferase were located contiguously within the microsomal membranes. The possibility that desaturase activity might control triglyceride synthesis in vivo is discussed. It was observed that mammary tissue from nonlactating cows 1–2 weeks and 2 days prior to calving lacked or possessed very low stearyl desaturase activity.
Observations on syntactic landmine detection using impulse ground-penetrating radar

We discuss some results and observations on applying syntactic pattern recognition (SPR) methodology for landmine detection using impulse ground-penetrating radar (GPR). In the SPR approach, the GPR A-scans are first converted into binary-valued strings by inverse filtering, followed by concavity detection to identify the peaks and valleys representing the locations of impedance discontinuities in the return signal. During the training phase, the characteristic binary strings for a particular landmine are found by looking at all the exemplars of that mine and selecting the collection of strings that yield the best detection results on these exemplars. These characteristic strings can be detected very efficiently using finite state machines (FSMs). Finally, the FSM detections are clustered to assign confidence to each detection, and discard sparse detections. Provided that the impulse GPR provides enough resolution in range, the SPR method can be a robust and high-speed solution for landmine detection and classification, because it aims to exploit the impedance discontinuity profile of the target, which is a description of the internal material structure of the target and little affected by external clutter. To evaluate the proposed methodology, the SPR scheme is applied to a set of impulse GPR data taken at a government test site. We suggest that coherent frequency-agile radar may be a better option for the SPR approach, since it addresses some of the drawbacks of a non-coherent impulse GPR caused by internally non-coherent within-channel signals which necessitate non-coherent integration and its attendant longer integration times, and non-coherent adjacent channels which severely limit the ability to do spatial, or at a minimum, cross-range processing if the GPR is in a linear array antenna.