cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measuring The Effects Of Financial Liberalization On The Supply Of Credit To The Private Sector: The Case Of Lebanon

The purpose of this paper is to build a systematic analysis of financial liberalization. An integrated model of portfolio decision-making and consumption-saving decision is presented in order to detect the effect of financial liberalization on the supply of credit to the private sector. Moreover, the crowding out of the private sector credit by the Lebanese government sector is illustrated through the identification of the gap between the demand for money of the public and private sectors.
Measurement characteristics of a concept classification exam using multiple case examples: A Rasch analysis

Abstract Objective To determine if an exam using multiple cases to test research design concepts measured only one cognitive skill, concept classification, and to determine if item difficulty varied according to the research design used for the case. Methods The exam consisted of 50 multiple choice items associated with five example abstracts: a randomized controlled trial, pretest-posttest, crossover, retrospective cohort, and descriptive designs. A Rasch analysis was conducted to determine dimensionality (i.e., measured a single skill). Items were stratified by design to explore the relationship between item difficulty and study design. Overall difficulty was assessed using an item–person map. Results The exam was administered to 101 students; the mean was 88.4% (mean score = 44.2; SD = 3.5). The Rasch analysis indicated the exam primarily measured one cognitive skill, presumably concept classification. The stratified analysis indicated that overall no single research design was more difficult than other designs; however, the type of research design and item topic interacted so that an easy item for one design could be difficult when associated with a different study design. Conclusions The exam appeared to function more like a mastery exam documenting that most students performed well rather than as an exam for ranking students by ability. That item topic interacted with study design to affect item difficulty, indicates that items on the same topic are needed to test basic design concepts across study designs.
Ponca City Cogeneration Plant Supplement

This supplement to "Ponca City Cogeneration Plant" (UVA-QA-0469) provides information on the various factors that contribute to the risk of the project. An electric utility faces the hard choice between losing its third-largest customer and building a cogeneration plant that is very risky and appears to take value away from the firm. Students must first assess the utility's strategic position and the magnitude of the risk, in the process improving the assumptions of the discounted-cash-flow spreadsheet model available to them. The task is then to be shrewd and creative in reducing and managing the risk of the project, which, after all, is manageable.
Essentials in Teacher Training

(1930). Essentials in Teacher Training. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 10-54.
Female urethral pressure profile; reproducibility axial variation and effects of low dose oral contraceptives.

The variability of the female urethral pressure profile as determined with the microtransducer technique was studied in a group of healthy nulliparous women according to a standardized methodology. Estimation of the short term reproducibility, as well as investigation of which of several serially recorded urethral pressure profiles can be considered as most representative of the basal condition, was carried out by performing serial urethral pressure profile recordings within the same study session in 12 women. Estimation of the long term reproducibility and investigation of the influence of axial rotation of the transducer membrane on the measurements were carried out in 20 women who were on low dose oral contraceptives. No influence of low dose oral contraceptives on the urethral pressure profile measurements could be detected. When serial recordings were made within the same study session, the lowest values for the urethral closure pressure were generally observed in the 3rd and 4th recordings. The short term and long term reproducibility of urethral pressure profile measurements were generally the same for the measurements in both the supine and the sitting positions. Rotation of the transducer membrane as well as positional changes significantly influenced the urethral pressure profile recordings. The recordings in which the transducer was oriented ventrally generally showed a shorter urethral length and a higher closure pressure than those in which the pressure transducer was oriented laterally or dorsally. These observations as well as the observations made during dynamic testing indicate an asymmetrical distribution of urethral closure forces in healthy nulliparous women.
Notes on the Life History and Anatomy of Siphona Plusiæ Coq

The Tachinid fly, Siphona plusiae , was described by Coquillet in 1897. It was bred from a cut-worm. The specimens that I have obtained, however, were parasitic in the larvae of Phryganidia californica , gathered from oak trees at Stanford University.
Thermoelectric Properties of Some Phosphide Skutterudite Materials

The synthesis and thermoelectric properties of CoP3, CeFe4P12 and CeRu4P12 have been investigated. These compounds were made by recrystallization from Sn flux. The samples were analyzed by x-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analysis for phase purity. Electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient measurements showed that all three compounds are p-type semiconductors, in agreement with theoretical predictions and previous literature results. The large difference between the thermal conductivity of the binary and filled compounds can be primarily attributed to the additional phonon scattering by Ce atoms rattling inside the empty cages. The properties of the phosphide compounds are compared to their antimonide analogs and discussed in order to obtain further insights into the transport properties of skutterudite materials. Guidelines for optimizing thermoelectric properties of this class of compounds are also provided.
Out-of-pocket cost trends for Medicare patients with newly diagnosed cancer.

6623 Background: While rising cancer care costs have been well-documented, the extent to which these costs have translated into increased patient financial burden is unclear. To address this questi...
Hypervisors, Virtualization, and Networking

This chapter discusses the role of hypervisors and virtual Ethernet switches in modern data center networks. Topics include Type 1 and Type 2 hypervisors, and discussion of the major hypervisors in use today (including PowerVM, KVM, VMware, Xen, and zVM). This chapter also discusses virtual local area networks and other types of network virtualization and encapsulation; virtual Ethernet adapters (VNICs) including VLAG and IPv6 considerations; shared I/O adapters including SR-IOV and MR-IOV; ESX Server virtualization; sockets and VDE industry standards such as IEEE 802.1Q, EVB, VDP, VEB, and VEPA for virtual Ethernet switches; and examples such as the Open vSwitch, Cisco Nexus 5000V, and IBM 5000V virtual switches. Enterprise applications such as the Open System Adapter and HiperSockets are also discussed as they apply to mainframe logical partitions.
The Relationship between Tropical Cyclones at Genesis and Their Maximum Attained Intensity

AbstractDespite recent improvements made to tropical cyclone intensity predictions, this study investigates a different approach than those attempted thus far. Here, the overall environmental setup at genesis is evaluated to determine whether it predisposes a storm to reach its future maximum intensity. Variables retrieved from ERA-Interim are used to generate storm-centered composites at the time of genesis for Atlantic basin, main development region TCs from 1979–2015. Composites are stratified by their maximum attained intensity: tropical depressions (GTD), tropical storms (GTS), minor hurricanes (GMN), or major hurricanes (GMJ). A multiple-parameter linear regression is then used to associate the eventual attained intensity of tropical cyclone to the obtained variables at genesis. The regression has an adjusted r2 of 0.39, which indicates that a statistical relationship is present. Regression coefficients, along with the spatial distribution of variables in the storm-centered composites, indicate that...
Improving perceptions of empathy in patients undergoing low-yield computerized tomographic imaging in the emergency department

Abstract Objective We assessed emergency department (ED) patient perceptions of how physicians can improve their language to determine patient preferences for 11 phrases to enhance physician empathy toward the goal of reducing low-value advanced imaging. Methods Multi-center survey study of low-risk ED patients undergoing computerized tomography (CT) scanning. Results We enroled 305 participants across nine sites. The statement “I have carefully considered what you told me about what brought you here today” was most frequently rated as important (88%). The statement “I have thought about the cost of your medical care to you today” was least frequently rated as important (59%). Participants preferred statements indicating physicians had considered their “vital signs and physical examination” (86%), “past medical history” (84%), and “what prior research tells me about your condition” (79%). Participants also valued statements conveying risks of testing, including potential kidney injury (78%) and radiation (77%). Conclusion The majority of phrases were identified as important. Participants preferred statements conveying cognitive reassurance, medical knowledge and risks of testing. Practice implications Our findings suggest specific phrases have the potential to enhance ED patient perceptions of physician empathy. Further research is needed to determine whether statements to convey empathy affect diagnostic testing rates.
On the approximation of solutions of compact operator equations

We approximate in isolated solution of a compact operator equations using the solutions of a family of collectively compact operator equations.
STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN RESTORATIONS A THREE-DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT STUDY

ABSTRACT Amalgam restorations are introduced into a three-dimensional finite element model of a mandibular right permanent first molar. Stresses in the restorations are obtained and compared to previous two-dimensional, axisymmetric studies.
Development of Immune Responsiveness

The immunologist’s view of the ontogeny of the immune response has changed over the past few years from the concept of a period of total unresponsiveness followed by the chaos of random somatic mutation to a concept of a genetically determined sequence of maturation occuring in an orderly predetermined manner. Although the numerous mechanisms which must be involved in this process are largely unknown, it has become clear that factors other than those which might be considered strictly immunological are important. These include the adverse consequences of intrauter-ine malnutrition or lack of thyroid or pituitary hormones. Rather than review all the information related to the development of immune responses, I have concentrated principally on the following topics because of their biological interest: 1 Evidence that human fetuses develop the capacity for immunity responses during intrauterine life 2 Observations linking the development of lymphocytes and their subpopula-tions to responsiveness 3 The relationship to ontogeny of the generation of diversity of antigen specificities 4 The relationship of tolerance to ontogeny
Some remarks on the geometry of systems

The aim of this paper is to report briefly on work in progress concerning the applications of differential geometry to unify diverse areas of engineering and physics.
A distributed constraint optimization solution to the P2P video streaming problem

The future success of application layer video multicast depends on the availability of video stream distribution methods that can scale in the number of stream senders and receivers. Previous work on the problem of application layer video streaming has not effectively addressed scalability in the number of receivers and senders. Therefore, new solutions that are amenable to analysis and can achieve scalable P2P video streaming are needed. In this work we propose the use of automated negotiation algorithms to construct video streaming trees at the application layer. We show that automated negotiation can effectively solve the problem of distributing a video stream to a large number of receivers.
After "it's over over there": using record linkage to enable the reconstruction of World War I veterans' demography from soldiers' experiences to civilian populations

In this article, I describe automatically linking newly accessible census data and World War I service records to enable a more holistic accounting of the connections between individual military ex...
Invasive central venous monitoring during hepatic resection: unnecessary for most patients

Abstract Background Low central venous pressure (LCVP) anesthesia reduces blood loss during hepatic resection and historically has required a central venous catheter (CVC) for intra-operative monitoring. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an evolution of practice to CVP monitoring without CVC on the perioperative outcomes after liver resection. Methods A retrospective study of partial hepatectomy patients from 2007 to 2016 who were over 18 years of age was performed. Results Of 3903 patients having partial hepatectomy, 2445 (62%) met inclusion criteria, and 404 (16%) had a CVC. Overall morbidity (33% non-CVC vs 38% CVC P = 0.076), major morbidity (16% vs 20% P = 0.067), and infective complications (superficial wound infection) 3% vs 4% P = 0.429; deep wound infection (5% vs 6% P = 0.720) did not differ between the two groups. In multivariate analysis, superficial wound infection, deep wound infection, and major complications were not associated with the presence of a CVC. All-cause mortality at 90 days was associated with CVC presence (OR 3.45, CI 1.74–6.85, P = 0.001) and age (OR 1.05, CI 1.02–1.08, P Conclusion Since the adoption of non-invasive CVP monitoring, there has been no increase in adverse peri-operative outcomes.
Antifungal Potential and Characterization of Plant Extracts against Fusarium fujikuroi on Rice

Bakanae rice disease caused by fungus Fusarium fujikuroi Nirenberg (F. fujikuroi) and occurs in the most growing rice areas of the world. Transmission of this disease by soil and seed, so seed addressing by different material is useful to control bakanae disease. This study is focused on antifungal activity for some plant extracts i.e. Ammi visnaga (A. visnaga), Eucalyptus globulus (E. globulus), Artemisia judaica (A. judai) and Coriandrum sativum (C. sativum)on the linear growth of F. fujikuroi. Identification of chemical compounds was done for two plant extracts A. visnaga and E. globulus by qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Seeds was treatments with plant extracts with different concentrations under greenhouse condition. Changes in seedling content for enzymes such as peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) after 7 and 14 days of treatments by plant extracts has been observed. Management bakanae disease under field condition by seed treatment with plant extracts. The results indicate that A. visnaga was the most effective on the linear growth with concentration 500 ppm. The obtained results from qualitative phytochemical tests for A. visnaga indicates presence of coumarins, tannins, saponin, terpenoids, flavonoids and steroids and absence of phenols. E. globulus found tannins, phenols, saponin, terpenoids, flavonoid and absences of coumarins and steroids. Tannins and terpenoids were the highest quantitative phytochemical constituent determined in A. visnaga. Whilephenols and flavonoids were the most active phytochemical constituents determined in E. globulus. The chemical constituents for GC-MS analysis of A. visnaga were benzene methyl, khellin, visnagin and vitamin E. While, E. globulus haseucalyptol, terpinen, ellagic acid and gallic acid. Under greenhouse condition, A. visnaga was the most effective in reducing the number of death and number of infected seedling, increasing the germination % at different concentrations compared with other treatments. POX, PPO and H2O2 were induced in inoculated seedling compared with the un-inoculated seedling. Seed treatments with A. visnaga and E. globulus produced the highest enzymes increase and decreased H2O2 content in seedling. Under field condition, there are no significant difference between A. visnaga and Rhizolex-T 50% as seed treatment in reduction of disease incidence or disease severity of bakanae in 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. Grain yield was increased in treated plant with A. visnaga and Rhizolex-T 50% in both seasons.
Analysis of permethrin treated fabric using ToF-SIMS

Recent studies have shown that it is possible to use ToF-SIMS to identify and quantify mosquito insecticides, such as permethrin and deltamethrin, on mosquito netting. The insecticide in those studies was incorporated in the netting fiber. Permethrin treated fabric is in common usage to provide mosquito repellent clothing and is the only approved insecticide for apparel. The insecticide is applied to the fabric and will no longer be effective after a certain number of washing cycles. ToF-SIMS analyses have now been conducted on fabric composed of nylon and cotton before washing and after 10 and 30 washes to measure the reduction in insecticides. The results show a significant decrease in the insecticide between 10 and 30 washes. The 30 washes sample was known to be no longer effective against mosquitoes. ToF-SIMS was also able to differentiate cotton and nylon fibers. A cross-sectional analysis of cryomicrotomed samples showed the distribution of the insecticide in the individual fibers. The insecticide was found to penetrate completely through the fibers during its application. After ten washes, the insecticide was depleted more rapidly in the cotton than the nylon fibers. The results have implications for the number of acceptable washes for mosquito repellent fabric.
Almost Sure Asymptotic Optimality of Cross Validation for Spline Smoothing

We prove the almost sure consistency and asymptotic optimality of generalized cross validation for the selection of the smoothing parameter in nonparametric regression. The consistency result has the effect of restricting the range of smoothing parameters that need to be considered for asymptotic optimality. The essential tools are exponential inequalities for weighted sums of iid normal random variables, and a simple bound for the expected value of the supremum (over a smoothing parameter) of a family of random functions.
Estimation of age in unidentified patients via chest radiography using convolutional neural network regression

Patient age has important clinical utility for refining a differential diagnosis in radiology. Here, we evaluate the potential for convolutional neural network models to predict patient age based on anterior-posterior chest radiographs for instances where patients may present for emergency services without the ability to provide this identifying information. We used the CheXpert dataset of 224,316 chest radiographs from 65,240 patients to train CNN regression models with ResNet50 and DenseNet121 architectures for prediction of patient age based on anterior-posterior (AP) view chest radiographs. We evaluate these models on both the CheXpert validation dataset and a local hospital case in which a patient initially presented for emergency services intubated and without identification. Mean absolute error (MAE) for our ResNet50 model on the CheXpert dataset is 4.94 years for predicting patient age based on AP chest radiographs. MAE for our DenseNet121 model is 4.69 years. Both models have a correlation coefficient between true patient ages and predicted ages of 0.944. Wilcoxon rank-sum comparison between the two model architectures shows no significant difference (p = 0.33), but both show improvement over a baseline demographic-driven estimation (p < 0.001). For circumstances in which patients present for healthcare services without readily accessible identification such as in the setting trauma or altered mental status, CNN regression models for age prediction have potential clinical utility for refining estimates related to this missing patient information.
How I Learned to Stop Worrying About User-Visible Endpoints and Love MPI

MPI+threads is gaining prominence as an alternative to the traditional MPI everywhere model in order to better handle the disproportionate increase in the number of cores compared with other on-node resources. However, the communication performance of MPI+threads can be 100x slower than that of MPI everywhere. Both MPI users and developers are to blame for this slowdown. Typically, MPI users do not expose logical communication parallelism. Consequently, MPI libraries use conservative approaches, such as a global critical section, to maintain MPI's ordering constraints for MPI+threads, thus serializing access to parallel network resources and hurting performance. To enhance MP+threads' communication performance, researchers have proposed MPI Endpoints as a user-visible extension to MPI-3.1. MPI Endpoints allows a single process to create multiple MPI ranks within a communicator. This could allow each thread to have a dedicated communication path to the network and improve performance. The onus of mapping threads to endpoints, however, would then be on domain scientists. We play the role of devil's advocate and question the need for user-visible endpoints. We certainly agree that dedicated communication channels are critical. To what extent, however, can we hide these channels inside the MPI library without modifying the MPI standard and thus unburden the user? More important, what functionality would we lose through such abstraction? This paper answers these questions through a new MPI-3.1 implementation that uses virtual communication interfaces (VCIs). VCIs abstract underlying network contexts. When users expose parallelism through existing MPI mechanisms, the MPI library maps that parallelism to the VCIs, relieving domain scientists from endpoints. We identify cases where VCIs perform as well as user-visible endpoints, as well as cases where such abstraction hurts performance.
Boosting School Administrator Confidence When Evaluating Special Educators Through District Support and Training

This current study is an exploratory, secondary data analysis of a survey assessing training, district support, and confidence of school administrators when it comes to special education teacher evaluation. The present study specifically examines (a) if the influence of district training regarding special education teachers influences the confidence of school administrators to evaluate and observe special education teachers, (b) if administrators with a general education credential differ from administrators with a special education credential regarding the type of district support needed to better evaluate special education teachers; and (c) if possessing a special education credential influences an administrator’s confidence when evaluating both general and special education teachers at their school site. Results indicated that district training regarding special education teacher evaluation increased administrator confidence and that administrators with general education credentials desired more district support overall than did their counterparts with a special education credential. The data also showed that administrators with a special education credential felt significantly more confident evaluating special education and general education teachers than did their counterparts from general education backgrounds. Implications for the field of special education evaluation and future directions are discussed.
Why don't foreign firms cooperate in US antidumping investigations? An empirical analysis

Foreign firms face punitive duties if they do not cooperate with the US Department of Commerce (DOC) in antidumping procedures. For example, 37% of all foreign firms involved in antidumping investigations in the US faced “facts available” margins for the 1995–2002 period, with average antidumping duties of 31% for cooperating foreign firms, compared to 87% for those who did not cooperate. The existing literature has focused on how DOC discretion has led to foreign firm non-cooperation. This paper instead examines individual foreign firm’s decisions about whether to cooperate during this same period. We find evidence that non-cooperation is consistent with a model of foreign firms rationally choosing not to cooperate, rather than solely as a result of investigating authority bias against imports.
Microwave Specular Measurements and Ocean Surface Wave Properties

Microwave reflectometers provide spectrally integrated information of ocean surface waves several times longer than the incident electromagnetic (EM) wavelengths. For high wind condition, it is necessary to consider the modification of relative permittivity by air in foam and whitecaps produced by wave breaking. This paper describes the application of these considerations to microwave specular returns from the ocean surface. Measurements from Ku and Ka band altimeters and L band reflectometers are used for illustration. The modeling yields a straightforward integration of a closed-form expression connecting the observed specular normalized radar cross section (NRCS) to the surface wave statistical and geometric properties. It remains a challenge to acquire sufficient number of high-wind collocated and simultaneous reference measurements for algorithm development or validation and verification effort. Solutions from accurate forward computation can supplement the sparse high wind databases. Modeled specular NRCSs are provided for L, C, X, Ku, and Ka bands with wind speeds up to 99 m/s.
Variation in provider attitudes and treatment recommendations for individuals with schizophrenia and additional marginalized identities: A mixed-method study.

Objective: This study evaluated correlates of mental health stigma among treatment providers, including whether provider attitudes, conceptualizations, and treatment recommendations regarding serious mental illness (SMI) may differ depending on client demographic characteristics. Methods: A total of 246 providers (medical students, psychology trainees, and licensed clinical psychologists) and 98 community members completed an online survey including measures of mental illness stigma and questions regarding a vignette of a person presenting to an emergency department (ER) with primary complaints of pain and a historical schizophrenia diagnosis. The vignette demographics were randomly varied using 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design including race (Black/White), housing status (housed/homeless), and criminal justice history (arrest/no arrest). Results: Providers endorsed mental health stigma at varying levels compared with the community sample, with medical students demonstrating the highest stigma. Prior experience working with psychiatric populations was associated with lower stigma. Providers were more likely to conceptualize homeless ER presentations as potentially due to a lack of resources or substance dependence and were less likely to conceptualize ER presentations with arrest histories as pain related. Homeless vignettes were more likely to be referred for social services and vignettes with arrest histories were less likely to be referred for follow-up pain services. Conclusions and Implications for Practice: Findings suggest that individuals with SMI and additional marginalized identities likely experience exacerbated stigma within treatment settings, and this may also influence treatment decision-making. There is a need to consider intersectionality in future research and interventions for decreasing mental health stigma in healthcare settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
BCOR and BCORL1 mutations disrupt PRC1.1 repressive function in leukemia by unlinking the RING-PCGF1 enzymatic core from target genes

Summary BCOR and its paralog BCORL1 encode subunits of the Polycomb repressive complex 1.1 (PRC1.1) and are recurrently mutated in myeloid malignancies. We show that leukemia-associated BCOR/BCORL1 mutations unlink the PRC1.1 RING-PCGF enzymatic core from the KDM2B-containing chromatin targeting auxiliary subcomplex, either by causing complete protein loss or expression of a C-terminally truncated protein lacking the PCGF Ub-like fold discriminator (PUFD) domain. By uncoupling PRC1.1 repressive function from target genes, BCOR/BCORL1 mutations activate aberrant cell signaling programs that confer acquired resistance to treatment. This study provides a mechanistic basis for Polycomb repressive dysfunction as a key oncogenic driver in myeloid malignancies and identifies a potential strategy for targeted therapy in BCOR-mutated cancer.
How soil biota regulate C cycling and soil C pools in diversified crop rotations

Abstract Agricultural intensification has substantially reduced soil biodiversity as well as agroecosystem functions and services. Sustainable agroecosystems that increase crop diversity through rotation may promote soil biodiversity and above-belowground interactions. Studying ecological networks, soil communities, and abiotic impacts simultaneously increases our understanding of complex C cycling encompassing all components of a given system. Higher rotational diversity enhances primary productivity by increasing the photosynthetic intensity of crops in rotation relative to systems where a given crop is grown continuously. In addition, greater temporal crop diversity stimulates above-belowground interactions, which affects carbon allocation, rhizodeposition, and the growth of rhizobiomes. Stronger above-belowground interactions will intensify ecological connections between microbial and faunal networks among roots, rhizosphere, and bulk soil. This further strengthens soil functions and interactions between networks of biotic elements (plant inputs and soil food web functioning) and abiotic factors (soil matrix and microenvironments), providing positive feedback loops on soil organic C accrual. This review describes how interactions between rotational and biological diversity drive biodiversity-function relationships. By increasing the quantity, quality, and chemical diversity of C inputs, crop rotations with higher functional diversity foster soil communities and enhance biotic-abiotic interactions, with positive impacts on the formation and storage of soil organic matter.
Is whitebark pine less sensitive to climate warming when climate tolerances of juveniles are considered

Abstract Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) (PIAL) is a proposed threatened species that plays a keystone ecological role in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). Its population response to climate change is of high interest to managers because climate-induced declines may adversely affect critical ecosystem services that this species provides. While previous studies of reproductive size classes of the species have projected dramatic reductions in area of suitable habitat under climate warming scenarios, it has been suggested that the species can tolerate warmer and drier conditions if seedlings and saplings are not competitively excluded by other conifer species. Thus, we asked if juvenile-sized PIAL are found in warmer and drier locations than larger individuals, under the assumption that competitive exclusion would require several years to decades to influence the distribution of regenerating PIAL. We used a new genetic technique to distinguish non-cone bearing PIAL from the more warm-dry tolerant limber pine (P. flexilis) among samples collected along transects extending from lower treeline to the subalpine around the GYE. Predictor data on climate and water balance were obtained from a 250-m spatially explicit data product. We used a stochastic gradient boosting model to predict probability of presence of PIAL =1 cm dbh as a function of these predictors. We discovered that smaller diameter PIAL were not proportionally more abundant at lower elevations, suggesting that competitive exclusion may not be the primary mechanism limiting this species' low elevation distribution. In contrast, the small size class PIAL were slightly less warm-dry tolerant than larger individuals. This suggests that the zone of regeneration of PIAL has shifted upwards in elevation in recent decades, perhaps associated with the observed warming in the GYE. In comparison to a previous study of reproductive-sized trees (>20 cm dbh) from a coarser (1.6 km) sampling frame, however, the predicted zone of suitable habitat of PIAL (
A Librarian and Biochemist’s Experience Building a Collaborative Partnership in the Classroom and Beyond

A challenge for instruction librarians is building strong, collaborative partnerships with faculty who value your expertise as both a librarian and a faculty member. This article discusses how a request to “help with citations” evolved into scaffolded information literacy instruction that focuses on the shared value of open resources and led to a partnership providing more opportunities to support each other.
Deconstruction as a Functional Tool in Decolonizing Nigerian Educational System: A Biblical Response

The paper examines the role of deconstruction in the Nigerian educational system vis-a-vis its functionality to the growing needs and challenges be devilling the nation. Arguably, the content of the system has been commonly viewed sometimes as dysfunctional, tilted toward the needs of the colonial agenda. This phenomenon did only leave the endeavour handicapped but also totally reliant on foreign ideology; a system that estranged the people. The paper adopts hermeneutical, historical, and critical approaches to the phenomenon. From a biblical perspective, while searching for relevance, there has been the need to decolonize certain aspects which otherwise have alienated the people, with the aim of targeting functionality and acceptability among Africans. The need to contextualize a foreign curriculum that will bring about a total overhauling of the system to achieve a vibrant curriculum remains a necessity in order to service the needs of the people. As in the decolonisation exercise among biblical scholars, chances are that we can achieve a great feat in our nation’s education sector. It concludes by resounding that the present educational system is deconstructed with the aim of removing dysfunctional elements; with full integration of a rich indigenous knowledge base that serves the people’s uniqueness amidst conflicting curriculum, the government should be proud to introduce into the educational system a fresh idea that meets the needs as posited by biblical scholars.
The Theory of Citrasutras in Indian Painting: A Critical Re-Evaluation of their Uses and Interpretations

List of Tables. List of Figures. Acknowledgements. Notes on Transcription. Abbreviations and Editions of Major Texts. Introduction 1. The Texts, their Translations and Interpretation 2. The Traditional Indian Concept of Painting 3. Systems of Measurement and Proportion 4. Talamana and Lambamana Systems 5. Stances, Hand and Leg Postures 6. Iconography 7. Colors, Plaster, Brushes and the Process of Painting 8. The Theory of Rasa. Conclusions. Appendix I. Appendix II Appendix III. Glossary. Bibliography
Advancing the Field: The Design of the Archstone Foundation Elder Abuse and Neglect Initiative

The Archstone Foundation is a private grantmaking organization whose mission is to contribute toward the preparation of society in meeting the needs of an aging population. In 2006, the Archstone Foundation launched a 5-year $8 million Elder Abuse and Neglect Initiative (Initiative) with the goal of improving the quality and coordination of elder abuse and neglect services in the state of California. Lessons learned through the Initiative may serve to inform the field of elder abuse and the larger philanthropic community.
Distribution of trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal and tandem mass spectrometric detection of its urinary mercapturic acid in the rat

The distribution of trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (t-4HH), a pyrrolizidine alkaloid metabolite and a lipid peroxidation product, was studied following the injection of [3H]t-4HH into the hepatic portal vein of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Less than 3% of the tritium label remained in the liver 24 hr after administration with levels in the other major organs correspondingly lower. The majority of recovered radioactivity (77-83%) appeared in the urine with 60-69% appearing within 8 hr after administration. Most of the urinary radioactivity (75%) was recovered in an acidic fraction following acid/base extraction. A tandem mass spectrometry technique using negative ion fast atom bombardment (FAB) ionization in combination with Mass-analyzed Ion Kinetic Energy Spectrometry verified that a C-3 mercapturic acid conjugate of trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal was produced as a urinary metabolite. This compound presumably forms via a Michael addition of glutathione at C-3 of t-4HH followed by hydrolysis of glutamate and glycine and acetylation to yield the mercapturic acid. While Michael additions of glutathione to t-4HH-related compounds have been observed in vitro, these results provide in vivo evidence of this mechanism.
Using Dialogue Journals in Mentoring Relationships: Teacher Candidates’ and Mentors’ Experiences

Existing literature on the use of dialogue journals in teacher education highlights its relevance in facilitating teacher candidates’ reflective thinking. There is little, if any, focus on the use of dialogue journals within the mentoring relationship, between teacher candidates and cooperating teachers, during field experience. Utilizing a phenomenological inquiry, the researcher sought to gain insight into teacher candidates’ and mentors’ experiences using dialogue journals during an early childhood practicum. Results reveal that teacher candidates’ and mentors’ experience using dialogue journals varied. While some participants reported that the dialogue journals were beneficial to their relationship, others did not see the same value. Keywords : mentoring; dialogue journals; field experience; teacher candidates; cooperating teachers; early childhood
A new species of arboreal pitviper from the Atlantic versant of northern Central America

A new species of green, prehensile-tailed pitviper of the genus Bothriechis is described from the Atlantic slopes of eastern Guatemala and western Honduras. This species appears to be most closely related to B. bicolor of the Pacific versant of Chiapas (Mexico) and Guatemala. Several other species of Bothriechis occur on the Atlantic versant of northern Central America, including two montane species, B. aurifer and B. marchi but, with one possible exception, these are not known to be sympatric with the new species and occur in different mountain ranges. The widespread B. schlegelii occurs up to at least 900 m on the Sierra de Caral, where the lowest elevation recorded for the new species is 885 m.
Beer and Brewing

Beer is typically made from cereal grains. These, however, contain starch and so various strategies are necessary to convert starch to fermentable sugars. Most beer is brewed from specially chosen barley that is wetted, partially germinated, and dried to make malt. This modifies the raw barley to a form suitable for brewing. When malt is ground up and mixed with hot water, malt enzymes rapidly degrade starch to yield a spectrum of fermentable sugars and unfermentable dextrins. The grain extract (wort) is then boiled for an hour with hops, primarily to add bitterness but also to sterilize it. After cooling, a chosen yeast strain is added and fermentation ensues with production of mostly alcohol and carbon dioxide but also a host of flavor compounds each in low concentration. These, in concert with the flavor materials from malt and hops, define beer characteristics, and the brewer's particular choice of yeast, malt, and hops defines a beer brand. The green beer is aged or matured by secondary treatment, filtered and carbonated, and then packaged at high speed and without oxygen access for presentation to the consumer. Beer has some nutritional value and modest daily consumption reduces the risk of coronary heart disease. Keywords: beer; brewing; beverage; barley; malt; hops; fermentation; yeast
Value Conflicts in Computing Developments: Developed and Developing Countries.

Abstract The author examines the value conflicts engendered by computing developments in two different institutional settings: electronic funds transfer systems and instructional computing in primary and secondary schools. While specific values depend upon culture and upon the character of the particular institutional setting studied, these two cases can serve as instructive points of departure for examining the value conflicts which generally accompany different modes of computerization in other developed and developing countries. In particular, computing developments in Brazil illustrate some of the parallels and contrasts between developed and developing countries.
Neuronal activity in chronic ferric chloride epileptic foci in cats and monkey.

Summary: The firing patterns of neurons surrounding sites of ferric chloride (FeCl3) injection were studied in 6 cats and 1 Macaca mulatto monkey. Although a few neurons fired in poorly structured bursts similar to what has been described for some neurons in alumina foci in monkeys, no well-formed bursts were recorded. In addition, EEG spikes were not recorded chronically in two cats, nor were EEG spikes recorded during corticography. We could not confirm the reliability of this preparation in cats as a model of chronic epilepsy. RESUME Le type de decharges des neurones qui entourent le point d'injection de chlorure de fer (FeCl3) a eteetudie chez 6 chats et un singe Macaca mulatta. Bien que quelques neurones aient decharge sous forme de bouffees pauvrement structurees, rappelant cedes qui ont ete decrites pour quelques neurones autour des foyers d'alumine chez le singe, il n'a pas ete enregistre de bouffees typiques. De plus, des pointes n'ont pas ete enregistrees sur L'EEG ni sur le cortex chez deux chats enregistres de facon chronique. Nous ne pouvons done pas confirmer la validite d'une pareille preparation chez le chat comme modele d'epilepsie chronique. RESUMEN En 6 gatos y en un mono Macaca Mulata se han estudiado los patrones de las descargas de las neuronas que rodean el punto de inyeccion de cloruro ferrico (FeCl3). Aunque algunas neuronas mostraban brotes pobremente estructurados de descargas, semejantes a los que han sido descritos en algunas neuronas de los focos de alumina en los monos, no se registraron brotes bien desarrollados. Ademas, las puntas en el EEG no se registraron de forma cronica en 2 gatos ni se detectaron puntas en el EEG durante la corticografia. En los gatos no se ha podido confirmar la fiabilidad de esta preparacidn como modelo para el estudio de la epilepsyia cronica.
Effects of the short-chain triglyceride triacetin on intestinal mucosa and metabolic substrates in rats

Diets containing either triacetin (the water-soluble triglyceride of acetate) or long-chain triglycerides (LCTs) were fed to rats to determine the effects on intestinal mucosa cells and plasma substrates. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed one of three diets, a control diet containing 5% of energy as LCTs or one of two experimental diets that contained 30% of energy as lipid. The lipid component of the two experimental diets was either 100% LCTs or 95% triacetin/5% LCTs. Plasma lactate, glucose, and total ketone body concentrations were not significantly different among dietary treatment groups. Compared with animals fed LCTs and control diet, plasma pyruvate and free fatty acid concentrations were decreased in animals fed triacetin. In contrast, plasma triglyceride concentrations were elevated in animals fed triacetin compared with other groups. Intestinal biochemical measures included total DNA, RNA, protein, and the protein:DNA ratio. Histologic indices measured were villus height in the jejunum and crypt depth in the colon. No significant difference in mucosal protein concentration was observed in the jejunum and colon. Jejunal RNA was significantly decreased in animals fed triacetin compared with other diets. Triacetin feeding significantly increased the DNA content in the jejunum and colon (thereby lowering the protein:DNA ratio), indicating smaller, more numerous cells. Jejunal villus height and colonic crypt depth were not significantly different among dietary treatment groups. Provision of a balanced diet containing 28.5% of the total calories as triacetin had no adverse effects on metabolic substrates and resulted in smaller and more numerous mucosal cells in the jejunum and colon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Topology and Lattice Gauge Fields

Abstract A general discussion of the topology of continuum gauge fields and the problems involved in defining and computing the topology of a lattice gauge field configuration is given. Two definitions of the topological charge for 4-dimensional SU( n ) lattice gauge theory are presented. The first of these is geometrically the most straightforward, the second the most useful for efficient numerical calculations.
Relationships Matter: Adolescent Girls and Relational Development in Adventure Education

Relational processes are well known to play a central role in human development. This qualitative, descriptive case study examined relational issues of early adolescent girls that arose during a tw...
Cellular and subcellular localization of 3H-progesterone or its metabolites in the oviduct, uterus, vagina and liver of the guinea pig.

The cellular and subcellular distribution of 3H-progesterone or its metabolites was studied in the oviduct, uterus, vagina, liver and diaphragm in 30-day-old estrogen-primed and non-primed ovariectomized guinea pigs using drymount autoradiography. In autoradiograms from estrogen-primed and untreated ovariectomized guinea pigs, prepared 15 min or 30 min after the intravenous injection of l,2,6,7-3H-progesterone, a nuclear concentration of radioactivity was observed in the oviduct in the luminal epithelium, connective tissue and muscularis; in the uterus: in the luminal and glandular epithelium, stroma and muscularis; and in the vagina: in the basal layers of the stratified squamous epithelium, connective tissue and interlacing bundles of smooth muscle. In the nonprimed guinea pigs, the nuclear concentration of radioactivity was less pronounced with exception of the glandular cells. In the diaphragm, no selective cellular and subcellular concentration of radioactivity existed. In the liver, similar to diaph...
Some qualitative considerations on the mechanism of striated muscle contraction

Abstract Several properties of the “static” tension-length diagram of striated muscle fibers are interpreted on the assumption that on excitation there is a cross-bonding of contractile elements previous to the longitudinal shortening. An attempt is also made to reconcile the Fenn effect with the notion that the free energy released by metabolism is used to extend the contractile units. This suggested reconciliation is based on the cross-bonding assumption and on the notion that in a tetanus a contractile unit is undergoing a succession of contraction-relaxation cycles.