cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Les Nouveaux Miserables: Modem Victims of Social Asphyxia

During the past 30 years, social and economic barriers to health care services have increased for many Americans, especially for the nation's most vulnerable populations. Health status actually has declined for certain populations during this time. Meanwhile, national attention has been focused primarily on containing health care costs and on devising strategies for reforming the financing of health care rather than strategies for achieving improvements in the health status of the population. Existing methods of financing health care services, health research priorities, the increasing centralization and compartmentalization of health care services, and the recent failure of national health reform all serve to hinder this nation's progress towards developing a comprehensive and accountable health care system focused on promoting and achieving improved health as well as treating sickness. Recent changes in the health care marketplace, however, including a growing movement toward measuring the outcomes of medical treatments and an emphasis on improving the quality of services, have increased interest among payers and providers of health care services in investing in preventive services. Health maintenance organizations and other integrated health care delivery systems are beginning to devise incentives for increasing preventive care as well as for containing costs. The transformation of the nation's current medical care system into a true health care system will require innovative strategies designed to merge the existing fragmented array of services into coordinated and comprehensive systems for delivering primary and preventive health care services in community settings. The Community-Oriented Primary Care concept successfully blends these functions and has achieved measurable results in reducing health care costs and improving access to preventive services for identified populations. There is flexibility in existing funding sources to promote preventive services i
Factors Affecting Business Recovery Immediately after Hurricane Katrina

Factors contributing to business recovery 6-8 months after Hurricane Katrina were examined. Managers from 183 surviving organizations in the Greater New Orleans area rated the levels of storm preparation, amount of storm damage, severity of storm‐related problems and organizational performance. Factors under management's control such as having an emergency response plan, storm preparation and effective staff communication had no real impact on organizational performance. Significant predictors with a negative impact on organizational performance included variables such as storm damage and post‐disaster problems. Complications arising from extreme population dislocation, specifically loss of customer base and staffing issues, had the greatest impact on organizational performance. The implications for disaster preparation and management are discussed.
Performance Evaluation of Calypso® 4D Localization and Kilovoltage Image Guidance Systems for Interfraction Motion Management of Prostate Patients

Prostate cancer represents a model site for advances in understanding inter- and intrafraction motion for radiotherapy. In this study, we examined the correlation of the electromagnetic transponder system/Calypso® 4D Localization System with conventional on-board imaging (OBI) using kilovoltage imaging. Initially using a quality assurance (QA) phantom and subsequently using data of seven patients, the vector distances between Calypso- and OBI-recorded shifts were compared using the t-test. For the 30 phantom measurements, the average differences between the measured Calypso offset and the calculated OBI shift were 0.4 ± 0.4, 0.2 ± 0.3, and 0.4 ± 0.3 mm in the lateral, longitudinal, and vertical directions, respectively ( p = 0.73, p = 0.91, and p = 0.99, respectively), and the average difference vector for all sessions was 0.8 ± 0.4 mm. For the 259 patient measurements, the average differences between the measured Calypso offset and the calculated OBI shift were 0.7 ± 0.5, 1.1 ± 0.9, and 1.2 ± 0.9 mm in the lateral, longitudinal, and vertical directions, respectively ( p = 0.45, p = 0.28, and p = 0.56, respectively), and the average difference vector for all sessions was 2.1 ± 1.0 mm. Our results demonstrated good correlation between Calypso and OBI. While other studies have explored the issue of Calypso/OBI correlation, our analysis is unique in our use of phantom validation and in our performing the patient analysis on an initial population prior to routine setup using Calypso without OBI. Implications for Calypso’s role as a QA tool are discussed.
KINCENTRIC ECOLOGY: INDIGENOUS PERCEPTIONS OF THE HUMAN-NATURE RELATIONSHIP

Indigenous people view both themselves and nature as part of an extended ecological family that shares ancestry and origins. It is an awareness that life in any environment is viable only when humans view the life surrounding them as kin. The kin, or relatives, include all the natural elements of an ecosystem. Indigenous people are affected by and, in turn, affect the life around them. The interactions that result from this “kincentric ecology” enhance and preserve the ecosystem. Interactions are the commerce of ecosystem functioning. Without human recognition of their role in the complexities of life in a place, the life suffers and loses its sustainability. Indigenous cultural models of nature include humans as one aspect of the complexity of life. A Raramuri example of iwigara will serve to enhance understanding of the human–nature relationship that is necessary in order to fully comprehend the distinct intricacies of kincentric ecology.
Physical Limitation and Emotional Well-Being Gender and Marital Status Variations

Despite the proliferation of studies documenting the relationship between physical limitation and depressive symptoms in the United States, we currently do not know (1) whether physical impairment is associated with other dimensions of emotional well-being and (2) if these associations differ for men and women as well as married and nonmarried adults. We use panel data from two national samples to examine gender and marital status variations in the impact of physical limitation on four indicators of mental health. We find that physical limitation is associated with increases in depressive symptoms and negative feelings as well as decreases in positive emotions. Although the patterns are complex, we also find gender and marital status differences in these associations. Our results provide additional support for Aneshensel’s (1992; Aneshensel, Rutter, and Lachenbruch 1991) argument about the highly contingent nature of stress reactivity and contribute to theory about both gender and marital status differenc...
Tumor Site–Specific Silencing of NF-κB p65 by Targeted Hollow Gold Nanosphere–Mediated Photothermal Transfection

NF-kappaB transcription factor is a critical regulator of the expression of genes involved in tumor formation and progression. Successful RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics targeting NF-kappaB is challenged by small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery systems, which can render targeted in vivo delivery, efficient endolysosomal escape, and dynamic control over activation of RNAi. Here, we report near-IR (NIR) light-inducible NF-kappaB downregulation through folate receptor-targeted hollow gold nanospheres carrying siRNA recognizing NF-kappaB p65 subunit. Using micro-positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging, the targeted nanoconstructs exhibited significantly higher tumor uptake in nude mice bearing HeLa cervical cancer xenografts than nontargeted nanoparticles following i.v. administration. Mediated by hollow gold nanospheres, controllable cytoplasmic delivery of siRNA was obtained on NIR light irradiation through photothermal effect. Efficient downregulation of NF-kappaB p65 was achieved only in tumors irradiated with NIR light but not in nonirradiated tumors grown in the same mice. Liver, spleen, kidney, and lung were not affected by the treatments, in spite of significant uptake of the siRNA nanoparticles in these organs. We term this mode of action "photothermal transfection." Combined treatments with p65 siRNA photothermal transfection and irinotecan caused substantially enhanced tumor apoptosis and significant tumor growth delay compared with other treatment regimens. Therefore, photothermal transfection of NF-kappaB p65 siRNA could effectively sensitize the tumor to chemotherapeutic agents. Because NIR light can penetrate the skin and be delivered with high spatiotemporal control, therapeutic RNAi may benefit from this novel transfection strategy while avoiding unwanted side effect.
FINE: A Fully Informed aNd Efficient Communication-Induced Checkpointing Protocol

In this paper, first we discuss two critical data structures used in the communication-induced checkpointing (CIC) protocols and their distinct roles in guaranteeing z- cycle free (ZCF) property by tracking the checkpoint and communication pattern (CCPAT) in a distributed computation that can lead to Z-cycles and preventing them. Then, we provide our Transitive Dependency Enabled TimeStamp (TDE_TSS) mechanism by which we can both timestamp each event and get the transitive dependency information upon receiving a message. Finally, based on this times- tamping mechanism, we present our Fully Informed aNd Efficient (FINE) checkpointing algorithm which can not only improve the performance of Fully Informed (FI) CIC protocol proposed by Helary et al. but also decrease the overhead of piggybacked information.
From Theory To Practice: Recommending Supportive Diversity Practices

Today, organizations must find effective solutions to the challenges brought by diversity. Research suggests that implementing supportive diversity practices help diverse organizations to adapt and sustain by creating a climate for diversity.Based on research and theory, the paper recommends five categories of supportive diversity practices: (1) Using symbolic management to value diversity, (2) Implementing training programs, (3) Implementing cross-functional teams, (4) Stimulating improved communication flow, and lastly (5) Promoting fairness in human resource practices.
Engaging the Reluctant? Service Learning, Interpersonal Contact, and Attitudes toward Homeless Individuals.

This article examines the extent to which service-learning courses affect students' attitudes and opinions. Elsewhere, we used a pre/postsurvey field experiment to demonstrate that volunteering with a homeless person tends to erode the stereotypes held by the domiciled—a confirmation of the venerable contact hypothesis. Here we use the same research design to assess whether students in service-learning courses exhibit a similar type of opinion change after spending a day with a homeless person. We find that even with limited contact a significant number of service-learning students came away from their time with homeless individuals holding fewer stereotypes and with a more nuanced perspective on the causes and consequences of homelessness. Nevertheless, working with a homeless person did have a negative effect on some students and contact generally failed to change students' views on public policy.
Measurements of Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis: A Methodological Review

Gluconeogenesis is a complex metabolic process that involves multiple enzymatic steps regulated by myriad factors, including substrate concentrations, the redox state, activation and inhibition of specific enzyme steps, and hormonal modulation. At present, the most widely accepted technique to determine gluconeogenesis is by measuring the incorporation of deuterium from the body water pool into newly formed glucose. However, several techniques using radioactive and stable-labeled isotopes have been used to quantitate the contribution and regulation of gluconeogenesis in humans. Each method has its advantages, methodological assumptions, and set of propagated errors. In this review, we examine the strengths and weaknesses of the most commonly used stable isotopes methods to measure gluconeogenesis in vivo. We discuss the advantages and limitations of each method and summarize the applicability of these measurements in understanding normal and pathophysiological conditions.
Three Cases of Pneumococcal Bacteriuria

Pneumococci were isolated from the urine of three patients. The organisms were present in repeated urine cultures from two patients, and one of these two had pneumococcal septicemia with no apparent source other than the genitourinary tract. Numerous reports of pneumococcal genitourinary infection can be found in the older medical literature. The organisms are frequently shed in the urine of patients with pneumonia. Pneumococci are rapidly killed by exposure to acid conditions, and this probably explains their infrequent isolation from urine.
Hydrolysis by Acetylcholinesterase. Trimethyl and Methyl Subsites

A study was made of kinetics of hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase and by hydroxide of acetate esters RCH2CH2OCOCH3: R = (CH3)3N±, (CH3)3C-, (CH3)2NH±, (CH3)2CH-, CH3 NH±-, CH3CH2-, NH+-, CH3-, H-, HO-, CH30-, CI-, Br-, N=C-. Comparative values of Ks indicate that positive charge of the p-substituent, R, makes little if any contribution to substrate binding. Acylation rate constants, k2, and enzymic reactivities, k2/Ks, are normalized for effects of β-substituents on intrinsic reactivity to hydroxide. A linear relationship is found between log of normalized enzymic reactivity and apparent molal volume of the β-substituent. Cogent evidence is not found for a negative charge in the “anionic” site, which is better considered a Trimethyl site. Enzymic reactivity is determined predominantly by precision of fit of the β-substituent in the Trimethyl site, the acetyl methyl in its Methyl site, and the ester grouping at the serine-OH.
Whose Voice Is It Anyway? A Rereading of Wang Changling's “Autumn in the Palace of Everlasting Faith: Five Poems”

The Tang dynasty poet Wang Changling 王昌齡 (ca. 690–ca. 756), renowned for his mastery of the jueju 絕句 (quatrain) form, has been praised specifically for having brought a lyric sensibility to the heptasyllabic quatrain: a poetic genre most closely associated with yuefu themes and technical complexity. To the extent that such praise is responding to something specific in Wang’s poems, they present a fine opportunity to investigate precisely how a lyric subjectivity is constructed on the basis of the limited poetic vocabulary afforded by stock themes, archetypal characters, and stylized surroundings. Noting that Wang is especially adept at using visual (and occasionally auditory) cues to convey the inner state of the personae that inhabit his quatrains, and taking into account the importance he apparently places on establishing a bodily presence within a given poem (as expressed in his attributive essay “Lun wenyi” 論文意 [On Writing]), this article performs a close reading of the perceptual cues featured in the five heptasyllabic quatrains, “Autumn in the Palace of Everlasting Faith” 長信秋詞. Borrowing the term focalization from recent theories of visual narrativity (most notably as applied by Mieke Bal), and applying it to these poems over the course of this close reading exercise, the essay demonstrates that the lyric power of these poems stems not from the communication of the poet’s inner state on the specific occasion that inspired his writing but from his use of the senses to construct a fluid, shifting, and permeable subjectivity—one that can, at moments, encompass the reader and the poet.
Bacterially Antiadhesive, Optically Transparent Surfaces Inspired from Rice Leaves

Because of the growing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance strains, there is an increasing need to develop material surfaces that prevent bacterial attachment and contamination in the absence of antibiotic agents. Herein, we present bacterial antiadhesive materials inspired from rice leaves. “Rice leaf-like surfaces” (RLLS) were fabricated by a templateless, self-masking reactive-ion etching approach. Bacterial attachment on RLLS was characterized under both static and dynamic conditions using Gram-negative Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. RLLS surfaces showed exceptional bacterial antiadhesion properties with a >99.9% adhesion inhibition efficiency. Furthermore, the optical properties of RLLS were investigated using UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometry. In contrast to most other bacterial antiadhesive surfaces, RLLS demonstrated optical-grade transparency (i.e., ≥92% transmission). We anticipate that the combination of bacterial antiadhesion efficiency, optical grade transpare...
Photosynthetic rapid light curves for Padina sanctae-crucis vary with irradiance, aerial exposure, and tides in Hawaii’s micro-intertidal zones

Environmental variations can have major consequences on photosynthesis and in turn impact the settlement, productivity, or survival of plants in the intertidal zones. Low tides in Hawaii fluctuate <1 m yet expose intertidal macroalgae to high tropical temperatures and irradiances, which are predicted to have negative physiological consequences. To better understand environmental variations, temperature, exposure duration, and irradiance were measured in two intertidal zones on O‘ahu over 8 days with negative tidal heights. Then to test whether these conditions were stressful, the photosynthetic response (via pulse amplitude modulated fluorometry) and relative water content of a common intertidal macroalgae, Padina sanctae-crucis, was measured over varying tidal heights. We found that P. sanctae-crucis was exposed to air from 0 to 6 h on days with tropical irradiance (237–2000 µmol photon m−2 s−1) and a range of temperatures (20.4–32.3 °C), yet plants were able to maintain relatively high water content. Photosynthetic parameters for P. sanctae-crucis derived from light response curves were found to vary with irradiance. High irradiances were associated with lowered maximum rates of electron transport (rETRmax) and effective quantum yield (Φ PSII). It was also determined that macroalgae exhibited different curves with tidal state. P. sanctae-crucis had relatively increased saturation irradiances (E k) and increased rETRmax but lowered effective quantum yield (Φ PSII) during negative tidal heights when aerial exposure is more common. P. sanctae-crucis was then exposed to air for up to 40 min in a laboratory experiment to determine the effect on fluorescence parameters. The 40-min aerial exposure, a duration smaller than which occurs at low tide, resulted in reduced rETRmax, α, and Φ PSII. This manipulation combined with field observations indicate that aggregations of thalli combined with water motion and minimal tidal fluctuations help to limit water loss and maintain photosynthetic rates. From these results, we can conclude, for this system, high irradiances are a major factor that likely limits production.
Work to Live and Live to Work: Productivity, Transfers, and Psychological Well-Being in Adulthood and Old Age

This paper considers psychological well-being in adulthood and old age, in light of the economic and social structure of the evolved human life history. Psychological well-being is the subject of significant scientific inquiry in large-scale modern societies (e.g., Easterlin, 2003; Blanchflower and Oswald, 2008; Diener and Chan, 2011), and it is often associated with economic productivity, social status, and network strength. However, very little is known about the evolutionary origins of mood variation or about mood variation during the course of human evolution. In fact, it has been suggested that depression is a maladaptive by-product of modern lifestyles due to inadequate pathogenic exposure in development, low physical activity level, high prevalence of metabolic disorder, or high levels of psychosocial stress from economic inequality, intense social competition, and residential isolation from kin (Raison et al., 2010; Rook et al., 2013). One way to assess evolutionary implications of mood variation is to focus on small-scale societies. Small-scale societies possess similar socioecological features typical of the vast majority of human evolutionary history, including food insecurity, limited material wealth, and high pathogen burden coupled with little access to health care, but also frequent resource pooling, relative egalitarianism, and minimal social isolation. Research into psychological well-being in small-scale societies can (a) determine whether mood disorders exist, and if so, examine whether risk factors and buffers 9
Art (and Anthropology) at the World Trade Organization: Chronicle of an Intervention

ABSTRACTThis article chronicles collaboration between artists and anthropologists in producing an installation at the headquarters of the World Trade Organization, Geneva, in June 2013. It was an opportunistic ‘second act’ to a long-term ethnographic research project that preceded it. For anthropology, it constitutes an experiment in ‘second-order observation’ that involves different senses of being and acting in field research than within classic norms of ethnographic method. Though valued marginally, art is a more conventional presence at the WTO than something as exotic as ethnography was. Thus the scene was set for a mutually challenging collaboration that is still being explored by its participants beyond the period of intervention and presence in Geneva.
Nuclear alpha spectrin: Critical roles in DNA interstrand cross-link repair and genomic stability.

Non-erythroid alpha spectrin (αIISp) is a structural protein which we have shown is present in the nucleus of human cells. It interacts with a number of nuclear proteins such as actin, lamin, emerin, chromatin remodeling factors, and DNA repair proteins. αIISp’s interaction with DNA repair proteins has been extensively studied. We have demonstrated that nuclear αIISp is critical in DNA interstrand cross-link (ICL) repair in S phase, in both genomic (non-telomeric) and telomeric DNA, and in maintenance of genomic stability following ICL damage to DNA. We have proposed that αIISp acts as a scaffold aiding to recruit repair proteins to sites of damage. This involvement of αIISp in ICL repair and telomere maintenance after ICL damage represents new and critical functions for αIISp. These studies have led to development of a model for the role of αIISp in DNA ICL repair. They have been aided by examination of cells from patients with Fanconi anemia (FA), a repair-deficient genetic disorder in which a deficienc...
3D virtual colonoscopy

The authors present here a method called 3D virtual colonoscopy, which is an alternative method to existing procedures of imaging the mucosal surface of the colon. Using 3D reconstruction of helical CT data and volume visualization techniques, the authors generate images of the inner surface of the colon as if the viewer's eyes were inside the colon. They also create interactive flythroughs and off-line automatically-produced animations through the inside of the colon. The visualization is accomplished with VolVis, which is a comprehensive system for interactive volume visualization. The authors are specifically interested in visualizing colonic polyps larger than one cm since these have a high probability of containing carcinoma. The authors present testing results of their method as applied to two plastic pipe simulations and to the Visible Human data set.
A Survey of Methods for Safe Human-Robot Interaction

Ensuring human safety is one of the most important considerations within the field of human-robot interaction (HRI). This does not simply involve preventing collisions between humans and robots operating within a shared space; we must consider all possible ways in which harm could come to a person, ranging from physical contact to adverse psychological effects resulting from unpleasant or dangerous interaction. A Survey of Methods for Safe Human-Robot Interaction organizes and summarizes the large body of research related to facilitation of safe human-robot interaction. It describes the strategies and methods that have been developed thus far, organizes them into subcategories, characterizes relationships between the strategies, and identifies potential gaps in the existing knowledge that warrant further research. By creating an organized categorization of the field, A Survey of Methods for Safe Human-Robot Interaction is intended to support future research and the development of new technologies for safe HRI, as well as facilitate the use of these techniques by researchers within the HRI community.
Part-of-Math Tagging and Applications

Nearly all of the recent mathematical literature, and much of the old literature, are online and mostly in natural-language form. Therefore, math content processing presents some of the same challenges faced in natural language processing (NLP), such as math disambiguation and math semantics determination. These challenges must be surmounted to enable more effective math knowledge management, math knowledge discovery, automated presentation-to-computation (P2C) conversion, and automated math reasoning. To meet this goal, considerable math language processing (MLP) technology is needed.
Combination interventions for Hepatitis C and Cirrhosis reduction among people who inject drugs: An agent-based, networked population simulation experiment.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is endemic in people who inject drugs (PWID), with prevalence estimates above 60% for PWID in the United States. Previous modeling studies suggest that direct acting antiviral (DAA) treatment can lower overall prevalence in this population, but treatment is often delayed until the onset of advanced liver disease (fibrosis stage 3 or later) due to cost. Lower cost interventions featuring syringe access (SA) and medically assisted treatment (MAT) have shown mixed results in lowering HCV rates below current levels. However. little is known about the potential cumulative effects of combining DAA and MAT treatment. While simulation experiments can reveal likely long-term effects, most prior simulations have been performed on closed populations of model agents—a scenario quite different from the open, mobile populations known to most health agencies. This paper uses data from the Centers for Disease Control’s National HIV Behavioral Surveillance project, IDU round 3, collected in New York City in 2012 to parameterize simulations of open populations. To test the effect of combining DAA treatment with SA/MAT participation, multiple, scaled implementations of the two intervention strategies were simulated. Our results show that, in an open population, SA/MAT by itself has only small effects on HCV prevalence, while DAA treatment by itself can lower both HCV and HCV-related advanced liver disease prevalence. More importantly, the simulation experiments suggest that combinations of the two strategies can, when implemented together and at sufficient levels, dramatically reduce HCV incidence. We conclude that adopting SA/MAT implementations alongside DAA interventions can play a critical role in reducing the long-term consequences of ongoing HCV infection.
Silicon nanowires to enhance the performance of self-powered near-infrared photodetectors with asymmetrical Schottky contacts

Silicon nanowires were etched vertically in the channel between asymmetrical interdigital electrodes. The self-powered near-infrared photodetector consists of a planar structure of Au-vertically aligned Si nanowire-Ti. The devices were characterized by measuring the current-voltage characteristics, the external quantum efficiency (EQE), and the spectral response. An enhancement of 32% in the short-circuit current was achieved after applying the Si nanowires. The EQE of the device with Si nanowires consists of a strong peak covering the near-infrared spectral range with a maximum EQE of 10.3% at 965 nm and 0 V. Furthermore, the spectral response measurements showed enhancement and broadening in the spectrum of devices with Si nanowires.
Integration and expansion of palliative care work force.

126Background: The specialty of Hospice and Palliative Medicine has grown out of the need for care of patients who are living longer with cancer and other serious illness and struggle with symptoms, decisions and care. Cancer patients and others often do not have access to Palliative Care services due to availability or accessibility of PC services. Since 2012, fellowship training is required for board eligibility but available programs do not meet the workforce need. As described by Weissman and Meier, viewing Palliative care services in the context of a primary, secondary or tertiary focus , allows for the expansion of these services outside of the traditional fellowship training. With additional intensive training, it is possible that experienced physicians can fill workforce gaps by providing primary palliative care in the providers practice area such as a clinic. Methods: The faculty member who will participate in a yearlong training program based in the Palliative Care Clinic is the Director of the ...
Life Enhancing Activities for Family Caregivers of people with dementia: protocol for a randomized controlled trial of a positive affect skills intervention

Given the increasing number of family caregivers of persons with dementia (PWD) and the associated burden and detriments to both physical and mental health, interventions that aim to improve such outcomes are important. Studies are increasingly demonstrating the unique importance of positive emotions in coping with stress, independent from the impact of negative emotions. However, none have examined the benefits of interventions that target positive emotions for caregivers of individuals with a chronic and debilitating disease such as dementia. This paper presents the design and methods for a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a positive affect skills intervention for family caregivers of PWD. The RCT is of a skills-based intervention that seeks to increase the frequency and intensity of positive affect in order to improve outcomes such as well-being, coping, and physical and mental health. The skills are delivered by trained facilitators via five one-to-one Internet video sessions with family caregivers of persons diagnosed with dementia (eg, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, unspecified). The control group is an emotion reporting/waitlist control. Follow-up assessments are conducted post-intervention and at 1, 3, and 6 months post-completion of the intervention. This study promises to be an important and needed step toward improving the lives of caregivers of PWD.
Genetic mapping of wheat curl mite resistance genes Cmc3 and Cmc4 in common wheat

To diversify the genetic base of resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to the wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella Keifer, resistance to this pest was transferred from the dipolid goatgrass Aegilops tauschii (Coss.). Schmal. to the hard red winter wheat germplasm KS96-WGRC40 by backcrossing to the cultivar TAM 107. KS96WGRC40 has WCM resistance derived from both Ae. tauschii and rye (Secale cereale L.). The objectives of this study were to determine if a unique WCM resistance gene was transferred from Ae. tauschii to KS96-WGRC40 and to determine the chromosome and linkage map locations of the WCM resistance genes in the germplasm. The rye-derived WCM resistance gene in TAM 107 and KS96WGRC40, designated Cmc3, is present on wheat-rye translocation TIAL.1RS. Marker analysis of a segregating F 2 population revealed that the rye-specific microsatellite marker SCM09 can be used to select wheat lines carrying the 1RS segment and Cmc3. Allelism tests indicated that the Ae. tauschii-derived WCM resistance gene in KS96WGRC40, designated Cmc4, segregated independently of the Cmc1 gene previously transferred from this species. Molecular and cytogenetic analyses located Cmc4 distally on chromosome 6DS flanked by markers Xgdml41 (4.1 centimorgans, cM) and XksuG8 (6.4 cM ). The linked markers may be used in wheat breeding programs for the selection of lines resistant to WCM and for gene pyramiding.
Gene × Environment interaction: What exactly are we talking about?

Abstract An ambiguity exists in how psychological scientists use the word “interaction.” This word can refer to physical interactions between components that form the mechanisms in complex systems, but it can also refer to statistical interactions revealed by General Linear Statistical Models (e.g., Analyses of Variance). Statistical interactions indicate that the nature of the relationship between two variables depends on a third variable, but the discovery of such interactions does not constitute evidence of physical interactions between components in a system. Studies conducted using traditional behavioral genetics methods sometimes reveal statistical interactions between genes and environments, but the presence or absence of such interactions tell us surprisingly little about actual, physical interactions between genes and their contexts. This is important, because it is only the latter kinds of interactions that cause the development of behavioral phenotypes, including developmental disabilities. Therefore, when behavioral scientists discover (or fail to discover) Genotype × Environment interactions, it is important to exercise care in interpreting their meaning and in assessing the utility of such findings.
Inattentiveness and Language Abilities in Preschoolers: A Latent Profile Analysis

Growing evidence suggests that early symptoms of inattentiveness may affect the language development and academic success of young children. In the present study, we examined the extent to which profiles of inattentiveness and language could be discerned within a heterogeneous group of preschoolers attending early childhood special education programs (n = 461). Based on parent-reported observations of children’s symptoms of inattentiveness and direct assessments of children’s language skills (grammar, vocabulary, and narrative ability), three distinct profiles were identified. The three groups, representing levels of severity (at risk, almost average, above average), differed not only by their end of year performance, but also with respect to which their abilities changed over the course of the academic year. Children in the poorest performing profile had poorer mean scores in the spring of their preschool year on all measures, but exhibited patterns of gain that exceeded or equaled their peers in higher-performing groups, in the domains of vocabulary and grammar. Examination of subsequent kindergarten reading skills suggested that profile differences remained consistent. Findings underscore the associations between early symptoms of inattentiveness and language difficulties, and further indicate that these relations extend to the acquisition of early reading skills. Future research is needed to corroborate these findings with more robust measures of attention, and to understand the long-term associations between inattentiveness, language and literacy, and potential effects on these associations from early intervention.
Extracting Information from Spike Trains of Olfactory Bulb Neurons

This conference is devoted primarily to the transduction of olfactory sensory signals and to the processing of those signals. This presentation will deal with the issue of how we can evaluate those signals when we observe them as trains of spikes in the vertebrate olfactory bulb or other central nervous structures.
Cholesterol epoxidations by defined oxygen species.

Each defined species of active oxygen implicated in oxygen biochemistry, with the exception of superoxide (· O2 -, HOO ·), is known to oxidize cholesterol under conditions potentially present in vivo. Oxysterols found in tissues thus may have at least two origins, enzymic ones related to in vivo metabolism (including lipid peroxidation) and nonenzymic origins in which active oxygen species hydroxyl radical (HO), dioxygen cation (O2 +) singlet dioxygen (1O2), ground state dioxygen (3O2), peroxide (O2 2-, HOO-, H2O2) ozone (O3), and as yet unrecognized species may be implicated. As the oxysterols formed in all cases have demonstrated biological activities in a variety of bioassays, the question must be posed whether such oxysterols, if formed in. vivo and not properly controlled by protective metabolism, are a threat to human health.
Appraisal and coping with vaso-occlusive crisis in adolescents with sickle cell disease.

PURPOSE To explore the relationships among appraisals of vaso-occlusive events, coping behavior during the event, and adjustment in adolescents with sickle cell disease. METHOD A descriptive, correlation design used a purposive sample of 68 adolescents with sickle cell disease. Three questionnaires were used to collect the data: Pain Beliefs and Perceptions Inventory (PBPI), Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CQS), and a demographic questionnaire. Correlation and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. FINDINGS Appraisal factors positively correlated with coping strategies and adjustment. Multiple regression found that appraisal of the event as catastrophic predicted the reinterpretation of pain sensations (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with more negative thoughts during vaso-occlusion crisis used ineffective coping strategies and reported poorer adjustment.
The Fourier and Laplace Transforms

We pause in our discussion of partial differential equations to develop two techniques for treating problems in the infinite domain. One of these, the Laplace transform, is the continuous analog of the Z-transform, which we recall was developed for treating difference equations. The other technique, the (infinite) Fourier transform, is the extension to the infinite domain of Fourier series. The last we recall was itself the continuous version of the discrete Fourier transform. Since the Z- and the discrete Fourier transforms are themselves related, all these methods are connected to one another. These connections will be further discussed in this chapter.
Vitamin B12 and monensin effects on performance, liver and serum vitamin B12 concentrations and activity of propionate metabolizing hepatic enzymes in feedlot lambs.

Monensin in ruminant diets increases production of propionic acid. We have tested the hypothesis that propionic acid may be elevated to such an extent by monensin that it cannot be optimally metabolized by the methyl malonyl-CoA pathway requiring vitamin B12 (B12) in the liver. Thus, the effects of weekly B12 injections (10 mg X head-1 X wk-1, intramuscularly) with and without dietary monensin (25 mg/kg diet) on average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), feed to gain ration (F/G), liver and serum B12 concentrations and liver activity of propionate metabolizing enzymes were examined in an 84-d trial. Sixteen lambs (27.5 kg average initial wt) were assigned randomly to one of four treatments in a factorial arrangement: monensin plus B12, monensin without B12, no monensin plus B12 and no monensin without B12. Lambs were fed an 80% concentrate diet and slaughtered at the end of the trial. Liver samples were obtained by biopsy on d 0 and at slaughter on d 84 to determine activity of propionate metabolizing enzymes and B12 concentrations. Serum samples were taken on d 0, 28, 56 and 84 to determine serum B12 concentration. Neither monensin nor B12 affected (P greater than .10) ADG, DMI or F/G. Lambs receiving B12 had higher (P less than .01) serum B12 concentrations, but this was not reflected (P greater than .10) in higher liver B12 concentrations. No difference (P greater than .10) in liver propionate metabolizing activity among treatments was detected; however, monensin decreased (P less than .05) fumarate and malate formation by liver homogenates. Liver B12 concentrations were highly correlated with endogenous propionate metabolizing activity at d 0 (r = .73, P less than .01) and d 84 (r = .51, P less than .05). Results suggest no advantage to providing supplemental B12 to lambs fed monensin-supplemented, high-concentrate diets.
Crops and Cropping Sequences in Chittagong Hill Tracts

This study was conducted in all 25 upazilas of Chittagong Hill Tracts during 2016 using a pre-designed and pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire for documenting the existing cropping pattern, crop diversity and cropping intensity. Boro-Fallow-T. Aman was the most dominant cropping pattern in Chittagong Hill Tracts (15.06%) existed in all upazilas except Ruma of Bandarban. Single T. Aman cropping pattern ranked the second position (13.67%) distributed in 21 upazilas. Shifting or zhum cultivation was the third cropping pattern in the region (9.24%) distributed to 20 upazilas. Only Rabi vegetables was recorded as the fourth cropping pattern (4.90%) covered 17 upazilas. Vegetables- Fallow-T. Aman cropping pattern ranked fifth (4.23%) in the region and was reported in 22 upazilas. About 30% area was covered by the annual crops mainly with fruits like banana, pineapple and papaya and, spices like ginger and turmeric. The highest number of cropping patterns was recorded in Lama (30) of Bandarban followed by Dighinala (28) of Khagrachhari. The lowest was reported in Ruma (8) of Bandarban. The overall crop diversity index (CDI) for the region was 0.96. The highest CDI was in Rowangchhari (0.99) of Bandarban followed by Lama (0.96) of Bandarban and the lowest in Belaichhari (0.82) of Rangamati. The single, double and triple cropped area in the region was 33.3%, 32.1% and 3.1% of the net cropped area. The average cropping intensity (CI) of the Chittagong Hill Tracts was 139%, the lowest in Ruma (100%) of Bandarban and the highest in Manikchhari and Panchhari (164%) of Khagrachhari. Bangladesh Rice j. 2017, 21(2): 173-184
Young adult e-cigarette users: perceptions of stress, body image, and weight control.

With the rise in electronic cigarette (ENDS) use among US young adults, more research is needed on expectations for use and perceptions related to body image, weight control, and stress relief. College students (N = 230; modal age 21 years; 68% female) completed an online survey assessing cigarette smoking and ENDS, dieting and body image, perceptions about flavors, stress, weight gain prevention, and appetite regulation. Dual use (cigarette and ENDS) was reported by n = 69 (30.0%). Exclusive cigarette smoking was endorsed by n = 53 (23%) with exclusive ENDS use reported by n = 15 (6.5%). Ninety-three participants (40.5%) reported not using either product. Among those using ENDS, 70% reported using cartridges that tasked like sweets. There was a positive correlation between dieting behaviors and body concern, suggesting those who reported higher use of ENDS for weight and appetite regulation also had higher pathological eating scores and concern over body shape and size. Prevention and education related to weight, body image, and tobacco are needed to address misperceptions of tobacco products. Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
Hamiltonian paths in vertex-symmetric graphs of order 5p

It is shown that every connected vertex-symmetric graph of order 5p (p a prime) has a Hamiltonian path.
Aggregated Negative Feedback in a Generalized Lorenz Model

In this study, we first present a generalized Lorenz model (LM) with M modes, where M is an odd number that is greater than three. The generalized LM (GLM) is derived based on a successive extensio...
A pilot study of mindful body awareness training as an adjunct to office-based medication treatment of opioid use disorder.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to pilot-test a mind-body intervention called Mindful Awareness in Body-oriented Therapy (MABT) as an adjunct to buprenorphine for individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). MABT, a manualized 8 week protocol, teaches interoceptive awareness skills to promote self-care and emotion regulation. A small study was designed to assess MABT recruitment and retention feasibility, and intervention acceptability, among this population. Individuals were recruited from two office-based programs providing buprenorphine treatment within a large urban community medical center. Participants were randomized to receive either treatment as usual (TAU), or TAU plus MABT. Assessments administered at baseline and 10-week follow-up included validated self-report health questionnaires and a process measure, the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness, to examine interoceptive awareness skills. An additional survey and exit interview for those in the MABT study arm were administered to assess intervention satisfaction. Results showed the ability to recruit and enroll 10 participants within two-weeks, and no loss to follow-up. The MABT study group showed an increase in interoceptive awareness skills from baseline to follow-up, whereas the control group did not. Responses to the satisfaction questionnaire and exit interview were positive, indicating skills learned, satisfaction with the interventionists, and overall perceived benefit of the intervention. In summary, study results demonstrated recruitment and retention feasibility, and high intervention acceptability. This pilot study suggests preliminary feasibility of successfully implementing a larger study of MABT as an adjunct to office-based medication treatment for opioid use disorder.
BREAKING! Presenting Fake News Corpus for Automated Fact Checking

Popular fake news articles spread faster than mainstream articles on the same topic which renders manual fact checking inefficient. At the same time, creating tools for automatic detection is as challenging due to lack of dataset containing articles which present fake or manipulated stories as compelling facts. In this paper, we introduce manually verified corpus of compelling fake and questionable news articles on the USA politics, containing around 700 articles from Aug-Nov, 2016. We present various analyses on this corpus and finally implement classification model based on linguistic features. This work is still in progress as we plan to extend the dataset in the future and use it for our approach towards automated fake news detection.
Effects of Grape-Enriched Antioxidant Diet on Retinal Pigment Epithelium Organelles Under Oxidative Stress

Abstract Oxidative stress affecting photoreceptors or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is associated with many retinal diseases. Cellular defense mechanisms preventing oxidative damage involve specialized proteins and their cofactors in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). If reactive oxygen species cannot be dissipated, cells mount a complex stress response involving increased protein quality control and protein degradation via proteasomes and autophagy. Here, we explore these pathways in a mouse model representing chronic oxidative stress due to lack of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA). MsrA in RPE in culture contributes to mitochondrial respiration and oxidative stress protection. Grape-enriched diet known to alleviate RPE oxidative burden was effective in increasing mitochondrial cytochrome c and reducing ER stress marker protein in mice lacking MsrA. Autophagy marker p62 was unchanged. These results confirm benefit of grape-enriched diet for visual health and illustrate codependence of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ER stress in the context of retinal degeneration.
Adverse Events After Atherectomy: Analyzing Long-Term Outcomes of Endovascular Lower Extremity Revascularization Techniques.

Background The long‐term effectiveness of atherectomy treatment for peripheral arterial disease is unknown. We studied 5‐year clinical outcomes by endovascular treatment type among patients with pe...