cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Less isoflurane is required after than before cardiopulmonary bypass to maintain a constant bispectral index value.

Abstract Objective: To test whether patients require less volatile anesthetic after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Design: Prospective, observational clinical study. Setting: Cardiovascular operating rooms of a large teaching hospital. Participants: Twenty adult patients undergoing surgery with CPB. Interventions: Subjects received a computer-controlled fentanyl infusion designed to maintain effect site concentrations of 3 ng/mL, combined with a variable amount of isoflurane. Measurements and Main Results: The end-tidal isoflurane concentration associated with a target bispectral index of 55 was recorded during skin preparation, after sternotomy, during rewarming, and after separation from CPB. Adjusted, geometric mean (95% confidence intervals), end-tidal isoflurane concentrations associated with a bispectral index of 55 were 0.46% (0.38% to 0.58%) during skin preparation, 0.47% (0.39% to 0.58%) after sternotomy, 0.35% (0.29% to 0.42%) during rewarming, and 0.36% (0.31% to 0.43%) after separation from CPB. The last 2 concentrations (recorded near the end and after CPB) were significantly (p
Commentary: Modernism, Jews, and Frazer

The outstanding papers in this collection raise important points for not only a fuller understanding of the contemporary Pacific, but also for issues of identity and belonging much further afield. Specifically, I propose that we can approach these papers from a Jewish Studies perspective gazing upon Melanesia, but also from a Melanesianist perspective surveying the broad field of Jewish Studies. For in many respects, the case studies ask us to rethink conventional boundaries. Melanesians, I argue, draw variously on Israelite, Israeli, Biblical, and Jewish themes, all refracted through Christianity, to re-centre themselves in a global history so they are both valid and validated. But in so doing, we must ask ourselves, If Melanesians lay claim to Jewish affinities, broadly construed, what do these claims pose for Jewish identities as well as the very concept of identity in terms of notions of diaspora and centre? Indeed, if Melanesians are Jews, then how do we define not only Judaism but also Melanesia? My goal, then, is not so much to focus on the chapters as to use the chapters to probe fundamental questions about self and society in a globalised, mutable world.
Web document clustering

Users of Web search engines are often forced to sift through the long ordered list of document "snippets" returned by the engines. The IR community has explored document clustering as an alternative method of organizing retrieval results, but clustering has yet to be deployed on the major search engines. The paper articulates the unique requirements of Web document clustering and reports on the first evaluation of clustering methods in this domain. A key requirement is that the methods create their clusters based on the short snippets returned by Web search engines. Surprisingly, we find that clusters based on snippets are almost as good as clusters created using the full text of Web documents. To satisfy the stringent requirements of the Web domain, we introduce an incremental, linear time (in the document collection size) algorithm called Suffix Tree Clustering (STC), which creates clusters based on phrases shared between documents. We show that STC is faster than standard clustering methods in this domain, and argue that Web document clustering via STC is both feasible and potentially beneficial.
Measure and Mitigate the Dimensional Bias in Online Reviews and Ratings

Online word-of-mouth in the form of online reviews and ratings is an increasingly important resource for consumers to acquire product information for their purchase decision. However, dimensional review bias, originated from consumer heterogeneity and their multidimensional product preferences and experiences, have been shown to undermine the information transfer among consumers. Through a novel text mining approach, we identify and quantify two types of dimensional biases from textual reviews: dimensional preference bias and dimensional rating bias. We also introduce a quantitative method to mitigate the dimensional rating bias. We examined the effectiveness and applicability of our bias measures and de-bias method in the context of multi-dimensional and single-dimensional rating systems. Specifically, we focused on the hotel reviews from TripAdvisor.com and Expedia.com. Our preliminary results show promising theoretical and managerial contributions.
Partnership Options-Proposed Regulations

This commentary on the proposed partnership noncompensatory option regulations describes the proposed regulations, and suggests changes and clarifications. The heart of the regulations recognizing that exercise of a noncompensatory partnership option is not a taxable event for the holder, the partnership, or any partners. In implementing this principle, the proposed regulations include detailed provisions for accounting for the excess of the value of the interest received by the holder over the consideration paid on grant and exercise of the option. The basic provision if for a shift of unrealized appreciation in partnership assets to the holder to the extent of the excess, with a gross income allocation if that this not sufficient to make up for the entire excess. The commentary questions the gross income allocation. The proposed regulations also contain provision for treating some option arrangements as de facto partnership interests. The commentary also suggest that the final regulations be extended to debt obligations of disregarded entities that become partnerships on exercise of the option or conversion privilege. It also suggests the implicit entity approach of the proposed regulations, providing nonrecognition for "capital shifts" on exercise of noncompensatory options should be extended to compensatory partnership options (although, of course, the exercise of compensatory options will result in compensation to the holder under sec. 83). It also suggests that the same principle by extended to other capital shifts, for example, when partnership agreements provide penalties for failure to make required capital contributions or for early withdrawal, or when nonconvertible partnership debt is exchanged for a partnership capital interest. In the commentary, it suggests that the final noncompensatory option regulations should address specifically the results of any liability shifts that accompany the exercise of a noncompensatory option and the application of sec 751(b) on such exercise. It also suggests that the exclusion of accrued interest on conversion of convertible noncompensatory partnership securities was inappropriate and suggests distinctions based on whether or not the interest has been accrued for tax purposes by the partnership, the holder, or both. The article also comments on issues expressly omitted by the proposed noncompensatory option regulations, some of which are addressed in the preamble. Specifically, the article suggests the proper treatment of the issuance of an option, including recognizing the partnership's obligation on the option as a liability. It gives the author's views on the proper treatment of the lapse of noncompensatory partnership options, including consideration paid to terminate an option. It also addresses the effect of including noncompensatory partnership options in investment units, issued to lenders or others, that included debt obligations or preferred partnership interests.
Model Calibration for Fatigue Crack Growth Analysis under Uncertainty

This paper presents a Bayesian methodology for model calibration applied to fatigue crack growth analysis of structures with complicated geometry and subjected to multi-axial variable amplitude loading conditions. The crack growth analysis uses the concept of equivalent initial flaw size to replace small crack growth calculations and makes direct use of a long crack growth model. The equivalent initial flaw size is calculated from material and geometrical properties of the specimen. A surrogate model, trained by a few finite element runs, is used to calculate the stress intensity factor used in crack growth calculations. This eliminates repeated use of an expensive finite element model in each cycle and leads to rapid computation, thereby making the methodology efficient and inexpensive. Three different kinds of models – finite element models, surrogate models and crack growth models - are connected in this framework. Various sources of uncertainty – natural variability, data uncertainty and modeling errors - are considered in this procedure. The various component models, their model parameters and the modeling errors are integrated using a Bayesian approach. Using inspection data, the parameters of the crack growth model and the modeling error are updated using Bayes theorem. The proposed method is illustrated using an application problem, surface cracking in a cylindrical structure.
Master Techniques in Orthopaedic Surgery: The Foot and Ankle. 2nd ed.

Harold B. Kitaoka, editor. Deborah Ravin, illustrator. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2002. 678 pages. $199.00. From ingrown toenails to major reconstruction of the hindfoot, and from elective procedures on the lesser toes to the treatment of open pilon fractures, Dr. Harold Kitaoka has doubly expanded Dr. Kenneth Johnson's first edition of this book, taking it to the next level. This is a book for the subspecialist as well as the general orthopaedist. Its high quality and unique diagnosis-and-procedure-oriented text is a great addition to the entire Master Techniques series, edited by …
Improved cycling performance of Si nanoparticle anodes via incorporation of methylene ethylene carbonate

Abstract Methylene ethylene carbonate (MEC) has been investigated as an alternative additive to fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) for Si nanoparticle anodes cycled with 1.2 M LiPF 6 /ethylene carbonate (EC): diethyl carbonate (DEC) (1:1, w/w) electrolyte. The Si electrodes cycled with 10% MEC-added electrolyte exhibit significantly improved capacity retention after 100 cycles compared to standard electrolyte (73% vs 46%). In addition, the Si electrode cycled with MEC additive has less damage from cracking than the standard electrolyte. Ex situ surface analyses via infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) containing a high concentration of a poly(MEC), which is likely responsible for the improved performance of Si anodes.
Tetraethylammonium as a probe for estimating renal plasma flow in unanesthetized rats.

SummaryMean total body clearances were measured in unanesthetized rats as Dose iv/AUC in which AUC is the area under the plasma radioactivity disappearance curve for [14C]labeled inulin, PAH, and TEA and also for [3H]inulin. The clearance of inulin radioactivity, either 14C or 3H, was a satisfactory estimate of glomerular filtration rate. The clearance of [14C] radioactivity from labeled TEA was a reliable estimate of renal plasma flow. The renal filtration fraction, which was calculated as the ratio of inulin and TEA clearances, varied from 0.15 to 0.30, with a mean value of 0.21 in the 20 rats in which both clearances were measured simultaneously.Renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate can therefore be estimated in the same unanesthetized rat by the clearances of TEA and inulin, calculated as Dose iv/AUC from the disappearance curves of 14C and 3H plasma radioactivity after a single iv injection containing both [14C]TEA and [3H]methoxyinulin.
Pseudoelasticity of D03 Ordered Monocrystalline Fe3Al

Pseudoelasticity in monocrystalline Fe3Al (23 at.% Al) was investigated by room-temperature mechanical testing along the tensile and compressive axes. In tension, up to ~10% strain is recoverable whereas only ~5% strain is recoverable in compression. Straight, parallel, surface step lines were seen to appear/disappear as the specimens were pseudoelastically loaded/unloaded. In contrast, in the plastic region (e >10%), wavy slip lines appeared on the specimen surfaces which did not disappear upon unloading. In-situ neutron diffraction was performed during compressive straining and the intensities of several diffraction peaks increase/decrease reversibly during loading/unloading. These changes are consistent with a deformation twin which produces large crystal rotations. They could also be indicative of a phase transformation. Unfortunately, we were able to sample only a limited range of 2θ in the present investigation and, within this range, none of the new peaks that appeared during the pseudoelastic deformation were disallowed peaks for the D03 crystal structure. Therefore we are unable at this time to distinguish between the two possible mechanisms, twinning and phase transformation.
Uncertainty Analysis for the Steady- State Generalized Burgers Equation

CFD results are subject to considerable uncertainty associated with the operating conditions. Even when the operational uncertainty is omitted under very controlled circumstances during wind tunnel experiments, substantial disagreement between experimental and CFD results persists. This discrepancy must be attributed to model uncertainty. This report discusses the various sources of uncertainty. The need for advanced uncertainty modeling is illustrated by means of a computationally inexpensive 1-D Burgers equation model. We specifically address the uncertainty due to missing variables (inexact or incomplete differential equations). To this extent a random field model is used for the viscosity and the fundamental differences between the solutions of the stochastic differential equations and a simple random variable model is highlighted. The Burgers equation theoretically needs to be integrated over an infinite domain. In a deterministic approach, the integration domain is cut off at some far field boundary. This truncation effectively ignores all variability outside this far field boundary. We present a practical treatment for the uncertainty on the boundary conditions. The results indicate that ignoring the boundary condition uncertainty dramatically underestimates the variance of the velocity in the interior of the domain. Nomenclature
Cognitive appraisal of perceived threat of diabetes and adherence to self -management behaviors

ID: 565 Cognitive Appraisal of Perceived Threat of Diabetes and Adherence to Self-Management Behaviors Author Information: Authors List: Presenting Author: Roger Carpenter Presenting Author: Roger Carpenter Address: PO Box 9620 Morgantown, WV 26506 USA Ph: 304-293-1401 Fax: Email: rcarpenter@hsc.wvu.edu Institution: Abstract InformationInformation Presentation Preference: SNRS Student Poster Presentation Abstract Categories: Interest Group: Health Promotion/ Self-care Thematic Areas: Chronic illness Introduction: Perceived threat is a significant factor influencing treatment adherence. Few studies have measured the cognitive appraisal of perceived threat of diabetes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of cognitive appraisal of perceived threat and adherence to self-management behaviors in uninsured persons with type 2 diabetes. The aims of this study were to: 1) Describe the cognitive appraisal of perceived threat of diabetes. 2) Describe self-management behaviors in persons with diabetes. 3) Examine the relationships between cognitive appraisal and self-management behaviors. Method(s): This exploratory, descriptive study used a convenience sample (n=80) of adults with type 2 diabetes being treated at a free clinic in West Virginia. Study variables and measures included cognitive appraisal (Cognitive Appraisal of Health Scale) and self-management behaviors (Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities). Descriptive statistics and correlations were used to describe the sample and to examine the relationships between cognitive appraisal and self-management behaviors. Results: Persons with diabetes followed recommendations for taking prescribed oral medications 6.6 days/week, for general diet 4.1 days/week, for specific diet 3.7 days/week, and for exercise 2.9 days/week. Persons perceived diabetes as more challenging (m=22.8), than as threatening (m=14.3) or causing harm/loss (m=19.6). Significant relationships were found between cognitive appraisal and self-management behaviors. These appraisals were associated with increased adherence to diet. Discussion: Findings suggest that practitioners consider treating persons with diabetes with medications sooner, while focusing on teaching lifestyle interventions targeting diet and exercise, and talking with patients about what the challenge of diabetes means in their lives. More challenge appraisal may indicate a willingness to confront the problems associated with adherence to diabetes self-management. Research is needed exploring the issues that persons with diabetes have with adherence to self-management behaviors, especially diet and exercise recommendations. Research Completed : Yes Abstract History: NA Financial Disclosure: Have a financial arrangement or affiliation with commercial companies whose products may be mentioned in this material?
Evaluation of the Eclipse eMC algorithm for bolus electron conformal therapy using a standard verification dataset

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and calculation speed of electron dose distributions calculated by the Eclipse electron Monte Carlo (eMC) algorithm for use with bolus electron conformal therapy (ECT). The recent com­mercial availability of bolus ECT technology requires further validation of the eMC dose calculation algorithm. eMC-calculated electron dose distributions for bolus ECT have been compared to previously measured TLD-dose points throughout patient-based cylindrical phantoms (retromolar trigone and nose), whose axial cross sections were based on the mid-PTV (planning treatment volume) CT anatomy. The phantoms consisted of SR4 muscle substitute, SR4 bone substitute, and air. The treatment plans were imported into the Eclipse treatment planning system, and electron dose distributions calculated using 1% and < 0.2% statistical uncertainties. The accuracy of the dose calculations using moderate smoothing and no smooth­ing were evaluated. Dose differences (eMC-calculated less measured dose) were evaluated in terms of absolute dose difference, where 100% equals the given dose, as well as distance to agreement (DTA). Dose calculations were also evaluated for calculation speed. Results from the eMC for the retromolar trigone phantom using 1% statistical uncertainty without smoothing showed calculated dose at 89% (41/46) of the measured TLD-dose points was within 3% dose difference or 3 mm DTA of the measured value. The average dose difference was -0.21%, and the net standard deviation was 2.32%. Differences as large as 3.7% occurred immediately distal to the mandible bone. Results for the nose phantom, using 1% statistical uncertainty without smoothing, showed calculated dose at 93% (53/57) of the measured TLD-dose points within 3% dose difference or 3 mm DTA. The average dose difference was 1.08%, and the net standard deviation was 3.17%. Differences as large as 10% occurred lateral to the nasal air cavities. Including smoothing had insignificant effects on the accuracy of the retromolar trigone phantom calculations, but reduced the accuracy of the nose phantom calculations in the high-gradient dose areas. Dose calculation times with 1% statistical uncertainty for the retromolar trigone and nose treatment plans were 30 s and 24 s, respectively, using 16 processors (Intel Xeon E5-2690, 2.9 GHz) on a framework agent server (FAS). In comparison, the eMC was significantly more accurate than the pencil beam algorithm (PBA). The eMC has comparable accuracy to the pencil beam redefinition algorithm (PBRA) used for bolus ECT planning and has acceptably low dose calculation times. The eMC accuracy decreased when smoothing was used in high-gradient dose regions. The eMC accuracy was consistent with that previously reported for accuracy of the eMC electron dose algorithm and shows that the algorithm is suitable for clinical implementation of bolus ECT.
Obstetrics in a Rural Community

Inadequate hospital facilities and consultation services in rural communities, evidenced by high infant and maternal mortality, constitute one of the most pressing problems in American medicine. Solution of this problem requires the cooperation of the medical profession and the local community, as exemplified by Hunterdon Medical Center, Flemington, New Jersey. The author describes in detail the Center s facilities for improving private and hospital practice and for providing opportunities for postgraduate teaching and discussion.
Multiple regression analysis of twin data: etiology of deviant scores versus individual differences.

The multiple regression analysis of twin data in which a cotwin's score is predicted from a proband's score and the coefficient of relationship (the basic model) provides a statistically powerful test of genetic etiology. When an augmented model that also contains an interaction term is fitted to the same data set, direct estimates of heritability (h 2) and the proportion of variance due to shared environmental influences (c 2) are obtained. A simple transformation of selected twin data prior to regression analysis facilitates direct estimates of h 2 g (an index of the extent to which the difference between the mean of probands and that of the unselected population is heritable) and a test of the hypothesis that the etiology of deviant scores differs from that of variation within the normal range.
Evaluation of Aesculap Implant Systems activl Artificial Disc for the treatment of degenerative disc disease.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: A primary cause of chronic low back pain and disability is lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD). Surgical treatments are available for DDD including fusion or lumbar total disc replacement (TDR). Lumbar TDR is performed as a motion-preserving alternative to lumbar fusion. There are several marketed lumbar TDR devices including the Aesculap Implant Systems activL Artificial Disc, Charite Artificial Disc and the ProDisc-L Total Disc Replacement.Areas covered: Considering the various surgical options by which lumbar DDD can be managed, here we evaluate the biologic and biomechanical benefits and concerns of the Aesculap activL Artificial Disc. We review the use of the activL Artificial Disc compared to other lumbar TDRs and an alternative to fusion for skeletally mature patients diagnosed with isolated, symptomatic DDD.Expert commentary: Short-term follow-up studies suggest that under the right circumstances and precise patient selection, lumbar TDR with the Aesculap activL Artificial...
Alzheimer's Disease: An Overview of Recent Developments and a Look to the Future.

Alzheimer’s disease is a major public health concern, affecting an estimated 40 million people worldwide. Over the past few years, several new diagnostic tests and new diagnostic nomenclatures have emerged, and more than 70 disease-modifying agents are in clinical trials. Naturalistic studies that include biomarkers—such as genomics, metabolomics, and imaging—have yielded additional insights into disease mechanisms and timelines of preclinical disease onset. This article reviews recent developments in epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, and diagnostic tests; provides updates on symptomatic therapies, ongoing prevention trials, and neuropsychiatric symptom treatment options; and ends with a discussion on prospects for a cure.
Assembly of Element Matrices and Vectors, and Derivation of System Equations

The element matrices and vectors are assembled to obtain the characteristic equations of the entire system of elements. Coordinate transformation is the prerequisite to the assembly of matrices and vectors. The coordinate transformation is necessary when the field variable is a vector quantity such as displacement and velocity. Sometimes, the element matrices and vectors are computed in local coordinate systems suitably oriented for minimizing the computational effort. The local coordinate system may be different for different elements. When a local coordinate system is used, the directions of the nodal degrees of freedom will also be taken in a convenient manner. In such a case, before the element equations can be assembled, it is necessary to transform the element matrices and vectors derived in local coordinate systems so that all the elemental equations are referred to a common global coordinate system. Once the element characteristics, namely, the element matrices and element vectors, are found in a common global coordinate system, the next step is to construct the overall or system equations. The procedure for constructing the system equations from the element characteristics is the same regardless of the type of problem and the number and type of elements used. The assembly procedure is further implemented by computer.
Two Birds: Teaching Coding and Math in Primary Schools and Beyond (Abstract Only)

Bricklayer is a freely-available online educational ecosystem designed in accordance with a "low-threshold infinite-ceiling" philosophy. Its purpose is to teach coding to people of all ages and coding backgrounds. A significant portion of the Bricklayer ecosystem has been developed specifically to help novices, especially primary school children, learn how to code. When executed, Bricklayer programs can produce LEGO® artifacts, Minecraft artifacts, and even artifacts suitable for 3D printing. Bricklayer resides in a domain in which there is a strong connection between math, art, and computer science. This workshop is suitable for (1) university instructors and faculty who are interested in freshmen-level programming, (2) CS educators who work with and/or teach K-12 teachers in order to deliver coding-based curricula, (2) K-12 teachers and facilitators interested in exploring options for how they might teach coding - either directly as part of the in-school curriculum, or indirectly as part of an after school program. No background in coding is assumed. The aim of the workshop is to provide participants with a general understanding of what Bricklayer coding entails, how it relates to math, as well as providing a framework and road map for learning how to code in Bricklayer. An example of a 10 week (1 hour/week) primary school curriculum will be provided.
Blood volume-based von Willebrand factor to prevent postpartum hemorrhage in von Willebrand disease.

Publisher's Note: This article has a companion[ Point by Kouides.][1] Publisher's Note: Join in the discussion of these articles at [ Blood Advances Community Conversations][2]. von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder, affecting 1% of the population.[1][3],[2][4
Rendering lunar eclipses

Johannes Kepler first attributed the visibility of lunar eclipses to refraction in the Earth's atmosphere in his Astronomiae Pars Optica in 1604. We describe a method for rendering images of lunar eclipses including color contributions due to refraction, dispersion, and scattering in the Earth's atmosphere. We present an efficient model of refraction and scattering in the atmosphere, including contributions of suspended volcanic dusts which contribute to the observed variation in eclipse brightness and color. We propose a method for simulating camera exposure to allow direct comparison between rendered images and digital photographs. Images rendered with our technique are compared to photographs of the total lunar eclipse of February 21, 2008.
Benign and Malignant Tumors of the Head and Neck

This chapter provides an overview of the commonest benign and malignant head and neck tumors. It concentrates specifically on tumors that are unique to the head and neck. It includes a description of salivary gland, endocrine gland, upper aerodigestive tract, and mid-facial tumors. The treatment of these lesions is discussed and examples are given.
Family Caregivers to Adults with Cancer: The Consequences of Caring.

A person living with cancer will potentially have some degree of physical, cognitive, and/or psychological impairment, periods of unemployment, financial concerns, social isolation, and existential questions, any or all of which can impact the family and friends who surround them. In our current era of health care, patients with cancer receive invasive diagnostic studies and aggressive treatment as outpatients, and then convalesce at home. As such, cancer family caregivers are de facto partners with the healthcare team. The cancer family caregiver role is demanding and may lead to increased morbidity and mortality—in effect, the cancer family caregiver can become a second patient in need of care. This chapter discusses the consequences cancer family caregivers may accrue. The topics covered include caregiver mood disturbance and psychological impairment and some of the mutable factors that contribute to these states (i.e., sleep disturbance, decline in physical health, restriction of activities, and financial concerns), uncertainty, spiritual concerns, and caregiver witnessing. There is a discussion of the factors that influence the caregiving experience (caregiver characteristics, patient characteristics, and social supports). The chapter concludes with comments on intervention studies that have been conducted to ameliorate the burden of caregiving, and the state of caregiver research.
Predicting Condom Use Outcomes via the Information Motivation Behavioral Skills Model: An Analysis of Young Black Men

ABSTRACTObjectives: This study examines the relationships between information motivation behavioral skills model constructs and their associations with consistent condom use and condom use problems among young Black men. Methods: The authors use baseline data collected from 702 participants in a randomized controlled trial. Analyses involved path modeling and bootstrapped standard errors to estimate associations. Results: Motivation had the largest association with consistent condom use, whereas condom application skills had the largest association with condom use problems. Conclusion: Motivation is the most important predictor of consistent condom use, whereas condom application skills are the most important predictor of condom use problems.
Archipelagic American Studies

On the morning of 13 January 2018, residents of Hawaiʻi – an archipelago occupied by the United States (US) – were told to take immediate shelter. It was announced via blaring text message that a m...
Posthumanist Movement Art Pedagogy: Geolocative Awareness and Co-Figurative Agency with Mobile Learning.

Mobile learning from a posthumanist critical perspective is the co-figuration of learner with geolocative mobile devices that blurs boundaries of the networked body. In this study, four art education researchers explore geolocative co-figurative possibilities of mobile learning. The authors theorize co-figurative agency and heighten awareness of the importance of sociospatial relationships afforded by the current milieu of networked geolocative knowledge to arts pedagogy. Through analysis of case studies of art practice, a new theoretical concept called posthumanist movement art pedagogy is developed to investigate movement as a posthumanist art practice, enacting agency through mobile data co-figuration within spaces of geolocative awareness. Case studies concentrate on mobile new media art utilizing photography, gamification, Global Positioning System drawing, and data collection/broadcasting. Impacts on the field of art and education focus on movement as being co-figured with the body and geolocation d...
Performance of an attention-demanding task during treadmill walking shifts the noise qualities of step-to-step variation in step width

Abstract Background The fractal scaling evident in the step-to-step fluctuations of stepping-related time series reflects, to some degree, neuromotor noise. Research question The primary purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the fractal scaling of step width, step width and step width variability are affected by performance of an attention-demanding task. We hypothesized that the attention-demanding task would shift the structure of the step width time series toward white, uncorrelated noise. Methods Subjects performed two 10-min treadmill walking trials, a control trial of undisturbed walking and a trial during which they performed a mental arithmetic/texting task. Motion capture data was converted to step width time series, the fractal scaling of which were determined from their power spectra. Results Fractal scaling decreased by 22% during the texting condition (p Significance The change of the fractal scaling of step width is consistent with increased cognitive demand and suggests a transition in the characteristics of the signal noise. This may reflect an important advance toward the understanding of the manner in which neuromotor noise contributes to some types of falls. However, further investigation of the repeatability of the results, the sensitivity of the results to progressive increases in cognitive load imposed by attention-demanding tasks, and the extent to which the results can be generalized to the gait of older adults seems warranted.
Mild Temperature, Fluidized Bed Gasification of Coal/Phosphoric Acid Mixtures: Partitioning Coal Sulfur to the Gas as H2S

1. Abstract The processing of high sulfur, Illinois basin coal using fluidized bed mild temperature gasification of coal/phosphoric acid mixtures is described. It is part of an overall coal utilization process which can minimize the production of wastes and maximize the synthesis of value-added products. Comparisons of product slates and the extent of desulfurization as a consequence of using the novel process are compared to traditionally practiced mild temperature gasification. It is shown that high sulfur coal can be desulfurized at temperatures as low as 500°C that the sulfur partitions to the gas phase as H 2 S. Product yields and their characteristics important for application are discussed.
Place as Teacher (2006)

I have lived in nine places in my life, but I dream about only one: a small valley in the southern Ozarks carved out over the last million years or so by a clear stream that the local people know as Meadowcreek. I lived in the Meadowcreek Valley for 11 years, and in some ways I still do and probably always will. As places go, it had a lot going against it. Meadowcreek was remote from some of the essential amenities of the good life. The nearest bank was 25 miles away. The nearest shopping mall was 100 miles to the south. The nearest town, Fox, was 3 miles distant by treacherous dirt roads. It has never made anyone’s annual listing of the most desirable places to live. It had no Starbucks or fine restaurants. The general store on county highway 263 stocked mostly white bread, soft drinks, canned goods, cigarettes, and some hardware items. It functioned as the de facto town hall, where the conversation was slow but nonstop until a stranger wandered in to ask directions. The post office across the road was the only other establishment of note. There you could get your mail, opinions about the weather, and a sympathetic hearing about what hurt. Within a quarter mile of the post office were four churches, all of the kind that connect Christianity with sin, tears, redemption in the blood, and glory spelled with a capital G, punctuated by hallelujahs. JD’s garage was down the road a bit, along with most of the mechanical detritus he’d accumulated over a half century of repairing all manner of things. He would take nothing more than $2 for a tire change. The vacant building across an unpaved street housed any number of dreams. Donny Branscomb tried to make a go of a cafe there, but people in Fox don’t eat out much and selling coffee and cigarettes didn’t pay his bills. His next line of work was driving a tour bus out of Little Rock.
Monte Carlo Simulation of Radiation Treatment Machine Heads

Monte Carlo simulations of radiation treatment machine heads provide practical means for obtaining energy spectra and angular distributions of photons and electrons. So far, most of the work published in the literature has been limited to photons and the contaminant electrons knocked out by photons. This chapter will be confined to megavoltage photon beams produced by medical linear accelerators and 60Co teletherapy units. The knowledge of energy spectra and angular distributions of photons and contaminant electrons emerging from such machines is important for a variety of applications in radiation dosimetry.
A ground-up approach to estimate the likelihood of business interruption

Abstract Critical infrastructure (such as transportation, water, electric power, wastewater, and telecommunications) provides the conveyance of goods, services, and resources to communities, which are vital for economic activities. Buildings, bridges, and other structures and components of the infrastructure might be subject to natural and anthropogenic hazards, which may lead to a reduction or loss of functionality of infrastructure. Businesses may experience disruptions because of (i) direct damage to the business properties and facilities, (ii) reduction or loss of functionality of the supporting critical infrastructure, or (iii) impact on social systems affecting the availability of the workforce at a specific business and supporting businesses as well as customers. Current approaches do not model the functionality of business properties and supporting infrastructure, generally obtaining only empirical estimates of business interruption losses. Such predictions might not be applicable to different businesses, supporting infrastructure, social systems, locations, and hazards; and they would in general not reflect possible changes in the built environment due to mitigation strategies and interventions. This paper proposes a mathematical formulation that overcomes the limitations in the current approaches. The proposed formulation models and quantifies the likelihood of business interruption with a ground-up approach by incorporating the dependency of business operations on physical structures, infrastructure and social systems. The paper illustrates the proposed formulation by investigating the business interruption of an example food retail store in Seaside, Oregon subject to a seismic hazard.
Citation Management Tools: A Practical Guide for Librarians

Citation managers offer excellent support for research and feature numerous time-saving tools, including the ability to quickly create bibliographies. Yet these products have long created bewilderm...
A Simple Scaling Approach to Calculate Activation Radiological Hazards in a Silicon Carbide First Wall

A simplified scaling law approach for calculating activation-induced radioactive inventories is extended and applied. The goal is to provide a sufficiently accurate, very fast method to calculate activation radioactive inventories as an integral part of tokamak system design codes. The method is applied to a silicon carbide first wall, but now all relevant daughter nuclides are considered, and the results are used to calculate various indexes that can be used to characterize environmental and safety characteristics of fusion reactors. The indexes obtained from the scaling laws are in reasonable agreement with those derived from inventories calculated directly from more time-consuming Monte Carlo methods. 10 refs., 4 figs., 7 tabs.
Electron acceptors promote proton-hydride tautomerism in low valent rhenium β-diketiminates.

We report a series of β-diketiminate (BDI) complexes in which tautomeric rhenium(III) hydride and rhenium(I) protio-BDI species readily interconvert between the solid and solution states. This phenomenon, which is only operative when an electron-accepting ligand is bound to rhenium, was investigated by a combination of experimental and computational methods.
Development of force field parameters for cyclopentane-modified peptide nucleic acids

CHARMM force field parameters were developed for cyclopentane-modified peptide nucleic acid (cpPNA) analogs. As in the original force field parameterization, a self-consistent step-wise optimization approach was taken that involved the iterative adjustments of internal and external parameters until convergence was obtained. The geometry parameters such as standard bond lengths and bond angles were obtained by reproducing ab initio gas-phase geometries of model compounds. The internal force constants used for stretch and bend deformations were optimized to fit the calculated vibrational spectra. Torsional parameters were modified to fit the rotational barriers about single bonds in model compounds. The partial atomic charges were optimized based on interaction energies of complexes between water and the model compound. Our parameterization accurately reproduced high-level quantum mechanical calculations. The parameters were validated by series of molecular dynamics simulations of cpPNA in explicit water. Together with the existing force field for nucleic acids, these parameters will enable simulations of cpPNA complexes with RNA and DNA.
Political Advocacy and its Interested Citizens: Neoliberalism, Postpluralism, and LGBT Organizations: by Matthew Dean Hindman, Philadelphia, PA, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019, 264 pp., $69.95 (hardcover), ISBN 9780812250671

Pluralism posits that the proliferation of groups allows a diverse array of issues to be advocated for in the public sphere, and that the resulting conflicts over interests foster a lively and robu...
Enhanced flow boiling heat transfer on chromium coated zircaloy-4 using cold spray technique for accident tolerant fuel (ATF) materials

Abstract Flow boiling heat transfer tests were conducted to evaluate the Critical Heat Flux (CHF) and Heat Transfer Coefficient (HTC) of conventional and accident tolerant fuel (ATF) cladding materials, i.e., bare Zircaloy-4 (Zr4), and Zircaloy-4 coated with Chromium using physical vapor deposition (PVD) (Zr4-Cr-PVD) and cold spray process (Zr4-Cr-CS), respectively. The tests were performed on a single heater rod with a uniform heat flux profile, at the atmospheric pressure, inlet temperature (24 °C) and mass flow rate (750 kg/m2s). HTC’s were increased by 5.2% and 3.3% on Zr4-Cr-CS compared to bare Zr4 and Zr4-Cr-PVD. Improved HTCwas attributed to the increased void fraction and high roughness (Ra = 532 nm) of the Zr4-Cr-CS. In detail, the micro-cavities, which act as bubble seeds, were entirely distributed on the Zr4-Cr-CS, and these micro-cavities generated smaller and faster bubbles, thus the void fraction increased by 10.9% compared to bare Zr4. HTC is improved by these smaller and faster bubbles which can remove heat from the heater rod surface more efficiently. To identify the exact location of CHF, the surface temperature profile was measured using advanced fiber-optic sensors which have high temporal/spatial resolution (distance between point to point: ~2.5 mm, frequency ~100 Hz). CHF occurred at 80–95% along the heated length and showed an 11.6% reduction on Zr4-Cr-CS compared to bare Zr4. We hypothesize the CHF reduction was caused by the lower wettability of the Zr4-Cr-CS which reduces the liquid supply to the surface, and vigorous bubble accumulation owing to high void fraction near the outlet, which results in early formation of the vapor film. During the post-CHF quenching phase, the rougher Zr4-Cr-CS showed larger cooling rates compared to the bare Zr4 and Zr4-Cr-PVD, preventing of oxidation by chromium layer. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the high roughness on the Zr4-Cr-CS increased the number of micro-cavities on the surface, resulting in 5.2% increase in HTC and improvement in the quenching heat transfer performance whereas CHF was 11.6% reduced compared to bare Zr4. Overall statistically there is little effect in the coating with regards to CHF and slight improvement in HTC.
Economic Experts versus Average Americans

Abstract We compare answers to policy questions by economic experts and a representative sample of the US population. We find a 35 percentage point difference between the two groups. This gap is on...
MiBeX: Malware-Inserted Benign Datasets for Explainable Machine Learning

Deep learning has shown its capability for achieving extremely high accuracy for malware detection, but it suffers from an inherent lack of explainability. While methods for explaining these black-box algorithms are being extensively studied, explanations offered by algorithms, such as saliency mapping, are difficult to understand due to the lack of interpretability of many malware datasets. This chapter explores the role of information granularity in malware detection, as well as a scalable method to produce an intelligible malware dataset for machine learning classification. One of the resultant datasets is then used with a Malware as Image classifier to prove the method’s validity for use in training deep learning algorithms. The Malware as Image classifier achieves a training accuracy of 98.94% and a validation accuracy of 93.83%, showing that the method can produce valid datasets for use with machine learning. Gradient-based saliency mapping is then applied to the trained classifier to generate heat-map explanations of the network output.
Longitudinal Associations Between Parenting Practices and Youth Sleep Problems.

OBJECTIVE Sleep problems among youth are highly prevalent and associated with adjustment difficulties. When considering influences on youth's sleep, bidirectional links between youth's sleep health and family functioning have been suggested. Parenting practices are among the many familial factors that could be transactionally related to poor sleep in youth; however, research is lacking on potential longitudinal associations between parenting practices and sleep problems in youth. In addition, sensitive periods for this link are mostly unknown. The current study examined longitudinal relations between constellations of parenting practices and youth sleep health to identify profiles of parenting practices that are predictive of sleep problems in youth across different developmental stages. METHOD Participants were 292 parents (M = 36.51, SD = 7.3) of children between the ages of 3 and 14 years (M = 8.4, SD = 3.6). A person-centered approach was used to create profiles across traditionally labeled positive and negative parenting practices, as well as supportive and unsupportive parental emotion socialization strategies. Parenting profiles were then examined as longitudinal predictors of youth sleep problems. RESULTS Findings revealed 3 distinct parenting profiles, which were differentially associated with sleep problems in youth, with the first profile predicting the lowest levels of sleep problems and the third profile predicting the highest levels of sleep problems, particularly among peripubertal youth. CONCLUSION This study extends previous findings by elucidating distinct constellations of parenting practices that are differentially predictive of youth sleep problems and highlighting parenting among the various family processes that can longitudinally contribute to youth's sleep health.