cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neoliberal practices amidst social justice orientations: global citizenship education in South Korea

AbstractGlobal citizenship education (GCE) positions itself on the global arena as a transformative social justice oriented educational curriculum that addresses the political, social, economic and cultural inequalities brought about through colonisation and neoliberalism on the global and local levels. Through an exploration of the discourse, design and delivery of GCE in the young nation-state of South Korea, we argue that, in fact, GCE reinforces and maintains the hegemonic ideals of global capitalism; core-periphery global and local relationships; and dichotomous views of poverty and inequalities. We argue that these approaches reflect South Korea’s geopolitical realities, but that attitudes towards GCE in South Korea also reflect its cultural norms and values towards working together towards a common good. Ultimately, we call for a more nuanced approach to GCE scholarship in which we move away from theoretical divisions to practical applications of social justice that work within increasingly capital...
Comparison of Student and Patient Perceptions for Medication Non-adherence

Objective. To compare pharmacy students' perceptions with patients' reasons for medication non-adherence. Methods. Pharmacy students completing an experiential rotation recruited patients exhibiting medication non-adherence from community pharmacies and asked them to respond to statements about reasons for their medication non-adherence. Patient responses were ranked in order of prevalence and compared to self-reported student perceptions on reasons for non-adherence. Results. There was a significant difference between patients' and students' rankings of reasons for medication non-adherence. Significant factors for patients included medications that interfere with lifestyle, sexual health and drinking alcohol; whereas, students believed that cognitive-related issues were patients' primary reasons for non-adherence to their medications. Conclusion. Educational opportunities to reflect on and discuss differing perspectives should be provided in the pharmacy curriculum to better equip students to address medication adherence issues and improve patient care.
Technical and Economic approach of bioethanol production from nanofiltration of biomass chemical hydrolysis solutions

Abstract The effects of pH, transmembrane pressure, and ZnCl2 concentration on the purification of glucose from solution through nanofiltration were investigated. The solutions used contained ZnCl2 and glucose in concentrations as high as 180 and 80 g/L, respectively. A high concentration of glucose was discovered in the retentate as the product, and ZnCl2 was filtered out into the permeate; the highest separation factor achieved was 10. The derivative Hagen–Poiseuille equation was applied to model the experimental data and calculate the effective thickness and pore radius of the membranes used. Moreover, an integrated multiple-nanofiltration system was designed to process a real bagasse hydrolysis solution. The fermentability of the purified sugar solution was confirmed, with an 82% total alcohol yield obtained. The multiple-nanofiltration system is both economically and environmentally sustainable for the production of bioethanol through chemical hydrolysis of biomass.
N-acetylcysteine and vitamin E rescue animal longevity and cellular oxidative stress in pre-clinical models of mitochondrial complex I disease

Oxidative stress is a known contributing factor in mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) disease pathogenesis. Yet, no efficient means exists to objectively evaluate the comparative therapeutic efficacy or toxicity of different antioxidant compounds empirically used in human RC disease. We postulated that pre-clinical comparative analysis of diverse antioxidant drugs having suggested utility in primary RC disease using animal and cellular models of RC dysfunction may improve understanding of their integrated effects and physiologic mechanisms, and enable prioritization of lead antioxidant molecules to pursue in human clinical trials. Here, lifespan effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), vitamin E, vitamin C, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), mitochondrial-targeted CoQ10 (MS010), lipoate, and orotate were evaluated as the primary outcome in a well-established, short-lived C. elegans gas-1(fc21) animal model of RC complex I disease. Healthspan effects were interrogated to assess potential reversal of their globally disrupted in vivo mitochondrial physiology, transcriptome profiles, and intermediary metabolic flux. NAC or vitamin E fully rescued, and coenzyme Q, lipoic acid, orotic acid, and vitamin C partially rescued gas-1(fc21) lifespan toward that of wild-type N2 Bristol worms. MS010 and CoQ10 largely reversed biochemical pathway expression changes in gas-1(fc21) worms. While nearly all drugs normalized the upregulated expression of the "cellular antioxidant pathway", they failed to rescue the mutant worms' increased in vivo mitochondrial oxidant burden. NAC and vitamin E therapeutic efficacy were validated in human fibroblast and/or zebrafish complex I disease models. Remarkably, rotenone-induced zebrafish brain death was preventable partially with NAC and fully with vitamin E. Overall, these pre-clinical model animal data demonstrate that several classical antioxidant drugs do yield significant benefit on viability and survival in primary mitochondrial disease, where their major therapeutic benefit appears to result from targeting global cellular, rather than intramitochondria-specific, oxidative stress. Clinical trials are needed to evaluate whether the two antioxidants, NAC and vitamin E, that show greatest efficacy in translational model animals significantly improve the survival, function, and feeling of human subjects with primary mitochondrial RC disease.
Treating Acute Radiation Syndrome

A crew exposed to a high dose of ionizing radiation will fall into three categories: (1) those who recover with minor medical intervention, (2) those who require high-level medical care (such as bone marrow stem cell transplantation), and (3) those triaged for palliative care [1, 2]. In reality, given the lack of medical supplies, the second group will fall into the third category. In such an event (see boxed text), the crew medical officer (CMO) will need to remove external contamination, estimate the radiation dose (Table 8.1), and administer fluids and electrolytes (Figs. 8.1 and 8.2). That is assuming the CMO is not one of those who falls into the second or third category! After 48 h, a second patient scoring will be conducted, and documentation of therapeutic management and organ failure will be performed.
Explicit tensors of border rank at least 2d−2 in Kd ⊗ Kd ⊗ Kd in arbitrary characteristic

ABSTRACTFor tensors in Cd⊗Cd⊗Cd, Landsberg provides non-trivial equations for tensors of border rank 2d−3 for d even and 2d−5 for d odd in Landsberg [Non-triviality of equations and explicit tensor...
A Comparison of Iron Oxide Particles and Silica Particles for Tracking Organ Recellularization.

Reseeding of decellularized organ scaffolds with a patient’s own cells has promise for eliminating graft versus host disease. This study investigated whether ultrasound imaging or magnetic resonanc...
Physostigmine use in clozapine intoxication from adulterated heroin: an atypical toxidrome with an effective antidote

AbstractAnticholinergic toxicity results from a multitude of toxins and other agents. Clozapine is an uncommon cause. We describe a case of anticholinergic toxicity secondary to acute clozapine ove...
Quality Perceptions and Water Treatment Behavior at the Household Level

Contaminated drinking water is a major contributor to illnesses in low-income countries. Individuals may take measures to avoid drinking contaminated water, by boiling, filtering, or chlorinating i...
Epigenome wide association study of SNP–CpG interactions on changes in triglyceride levels after pharmaceutical intervention: a GAW20 analysis

In the search for an understanding of how genetic variation contributes to the heritability of common human disease, the potential role of epigenetic factors, such as methylation, is being explored with increasing frequency. Although standard analyses test for associations between methylation levels at individual cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites and phenotypes of interest, some investigators have begun testing for methylation and how methylation may modulate the effects of genetic polymorphisms on phenotypes. In our analysis, we used both a genome-wide and candidate gene approach to investigate potential single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)–CpG interactions on changes in triglyceride levels. Although we were able to identify numerous loci of interest when using an exploratory significance threshold, we did not identify any significant interactions using a strict genome-wide significance threshold. We were also able to identify numerous loci using the candidate gene approach, in which we focused on 18 genes with prior evidence of association of triglyceride levels. In particular, we identified GALNT2 loci as containing potential CpG sites that moderate the impact of genetic polymorphisms on triglyceride levels. Further work is needed to provide clear guidance on analytic strategies for testing SNP–CpG interactions, although leveraging prior biological understanding may be needed to improve statistical power in data sets with smaller sample sizes.
Intervocalic consonant voicing vs. lengthening in two Athabaskan languages

For over a century, various authors have described intervocalic consonants in Athabaskan languages as being long (e.g., Sapir 1914 on Chasta Costa, Cook 2004 on Dene Sųɬine (Chipewyan), McDonough and Ladefoged 1993 on Navajo). Such descriptions, even if instrumental, have generally not been very detailed, and have not adequately investigated the factors which may influence lengthening, such as stress and position in word. In this presentation, I first present results of an investigation of effects of position and stress on the duration of consonants with internal cues to duration (fricatives and consonantal sonorants) in two Athabaskan languages, Deg Xinag and Kwadacha Tsek'ene. Results show that intervocalic consonants are longer before stressed than unstressed syllables. Next, I present results of an instrumental study of [t] which shows that a competing and antagonistic process to intervocalic lengthening, intervocalic voicing, is also found in both languages. Intervocalic stops are voiced through approximately 80% of their closure duration before unstressed vowels in both languages. Intervocalic voicing of stops has been reported for Tahltan (Bob 1997) and Dene Sųɬine (McDonough and Wood 2008) but generally not for other Athabaskan languages except for those in which nasals have evolved into voiced obstruents (e.g., Jicarilla Apache, Tuttle 2000).For over a century, various authors have described intervocalic consonants in Athabaskan languages as being long (e.g., Sapir 1914 on Chasta Costa, Cook 2004 on Dene Sųɬine (Chipewyan), McDonough and Ladefoged 1993 on Navajo). Such descriptions, even if instrumental, have generally not been very detailed, and have not adequately investigated the factors which may influence lengthening, such as stress and position in word. In this presentation, I first present results of an investigation of effects of position and stress on the duration of consonants with internal cues to duration (fricatives and consonantal sonorants) in two Athabaskan languages, Deg Xinag and Kwadacha Tsek'ene. Results show that intervocalic consonants are longer before stressed than unstressed syllables. Next, I present results of an instrumental study of [t] which shows that a competing and antagonistic process to intervocalic lengthening, intervocalic voicing, is also found in both languages. Intervocalic stops are voiced through appr...
A new chemoinformatics approach with improved strategies for effective predictions of potential drugs.

Fast and accurate identification of potential drug candidates against therapeutic targets (i.e., drug–target interactions, DTIs) is a fundamental step in the early drug discovery process. However, experimental determination of DTIs is time-consuming and costly, especially for testing the associations between the entire chemical and genomic spaces. Therefore, computationally efficient algorithms with accurate predictions are required to achieve such a challenging task. In this work, we design a new chemoinformatics approach derived from neighbor-based collaborative filtering (NBCF) to infer potential drug candidates for targets of interest. One of the fundamental steps of NBCF in the application of DTI predictions is to accurately measure the similarity between drugs solely based on the DTI profiles of known knowledge. However, commonly used similarity calculation methods such as COSINE may be noise-prone due to the extremely sparse property of the DTI bipartite network, which decreases the model performance of NBCF. We herein propose three strategies to remedy such a dilemma, which include: (1) adopting a positive pointwise mutual information (PPMI)-based similarity metric, which is noise-immune to some extent; (2) performing low-rank approximation of the original prediction scores; (3) incorporating auxiliary (complementary) information to produce the final predictions. We test the proposed methods in three benchmark datasets and the results indicate that our strategies are helpful to improve the NBCF performance for DTI predictions. Comparing to the prior algorithm, our methods exhibit better results assessed by a recall-based evaluation metric. A new chemoinformatics approach with improved strategies was successfully developed to predict potential DTIs. Among them, the model based on the sparsity resistant PPMI similarity metric exhibits the best performance, which may be helpful to researchers for identifying potential drugs against therapeutic targets of interest, and can also be applied to related research such as identifying candidate disease genes.
Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis

Linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) is an acquired IgA autoimmune blistering disease characterized subepidermal tense bullae in an annular (or less commonly herpetiform or linear) arrangement. LABD is due to circulating IgA antibodies that target the basement membrane zone, specifically 97 kDa antigen portion of bullous pemphigoid antigen 2 (BP180). An adult and childhood variant exist (chronic bullous disease of childhood-CBDC) of which the etiology is unknown.
The Smart City Conundrum for Social Justice: Youth Perspectives on Digital Technologies and Urban Transformations

This article employs a social justice framing to examine youth perspectives of the smart city. We examine how youth understand the impact of digital technologies on urban transformations and whethe...
Loss of microfibril-associated protein 5 (MFAP5) expression in colon cancer stroma

MFAP5, a 25-kD microfibril-associated glycoprotein that is involved in elastic microfibril assembly, has been demonstrated to be significantly downregulated in tumor stroma by previous gene expression study. The aim of this study was to confirm the reduced expression of MFAP5 in colonic tumor stroma using immunohistochemistry and to explore the utility of MFAP5 as a marker to facilitate diagnosing an invasive component versus pseudoinvasion in colon polyps. In all 19 colon cancer resection cases evaluated, while there was intact MFAP5 immunoreactivity in the uninvolved normal connective tissue, there was marked reduction of MFAP5 immunoreactivity in the desmoplastic stroma surrounding the invasive component. The difference in MFAP5 expression levels was most pronounced within the tumor, while a more heterogeneous expression pattern was observed at the tumor invasive front. Reduction of MFAP5 staining was also observed in the stroma around mucin pools in 6 out of 9 sections from mucinous adenocarcinomas and in areas with high-grade dysplasia. For the polypectomy cases, intact expression of MFAP5 was seen in the stroma surrounding the displaced adenomatous glands in 9 out of 12 polyps with pseudoinvasion. Loss of expression of MFAP5 was observed in the stroma surrounding small foci of invasive adenocarcinoma in 8 of 10 malignant polyps. MFAP5 is a useful marker that may help distinguish normal connective tissue from stroma within invasive colonic adenocarcinoma. MFAP5 may facilitate the distinction between pseudoinvasion and true invasive cancer in colonic adenomatous polyps with a sensitivity of 80% (confidence interval 44–96%) and a specificity of 75% (confidence interval 43–93%) in this small cohort.
Masculinidades: fútbol, polo y tango en Argentina

Acerca de Masculinities: Football, Polo and Tango in Argentina, por Eduardo Archetti, Oxford, Berg, 1999.
Marijuana for Parkinson's Disease?

Children who are inadequately treated for depression often experience greater dysfunction. Problems can include conduct disorders, substance abuse, physical illness, and poor performance at school, work, or in psychosocial contexts. Depression can lead to a greater risk of suicide. Suicide is the third most common cause of death among adolescents, with more than 500,000 attempts made by children each year. Suicide is the third most frequent cause of death among young people ages 10 to 19 years old. Thus, proper treatment is important. Major depressive disorder in adolescents is often followed by frequent recurrences in adulthood. Imaging studies document underactivity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in subjects suffering from depression. Activation of the brain with high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation increases neuronal excitability and induces the growth of new connections. Though larger, randomized, controlled trials with more patients and longer follow-up are needed, the favorable side effect profile and efficacy of TMS seen so far in the literature support the use of TMS as a therapeutic intervention in children and adolescents with depression.
Model–View–Controller: TUI Versus GUI

The model–view–controller architectural pattern is discussed in terms of two common types of user interfaces—text-based and graphical-based. Differences between these user interface types are emphasized, along with introducing basic graphical components that are further explored in Chaps. 21 and 22.
Chiari 1 malformation: age-based outcomes in a paediatric surgical cohort.

Substantial evidence exists describing differences between paediatric and adult Chiari 1 malformation (CM1) patients. Differences in clinical presentation between very young (0–6 years old) and older (7–18 years old) paediatric patients is similarly well-established. However, progression on these findings with regard to surgical outcomes is limited. We aimed to establish whether inter-paediatric age group modifies surgical outcome for CM1 decompression. Retrospective chart review was conducted for 65 patients receiving posterior fossa decompression between 2006 and 2018. Presenting features, surgical management, and outcome were evaluated and stratified into very young patients (0–6 years) or older patients (7–18 years). Outcomes were assessed using the Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale (CCOS), a validated 16-point framework for comparison. Very young patients (21 patients) scored significantly lower in surgical outcome overall compared with older patients (44 patients) (12.1 ± 3.2/16 vs 14.2 ± 1.6/16, p = 0.011), and across 3/4 CCOS subscores: non-pain symptoms, functionality, and complications. Very young patients also returned to theatre more commonly (47.6% vs 13.6%, p = 0.003), primarily for re-do decompression (7/10 patients, 70%). Finally, the presentation of very young patients differed to older patients with significantly more oropharyngeal (38.1% vs 9.0%, p = 0.014) and motor symptoms (47.6% vs 22.7%, p = 0.042). Very young patients (0–6 years) do not appear to respond as well to standard posterior fossa decompression, as their older (7–18 years) paediatric counterparts, in the absence of several baseline cohort characteristic differences. We hypothesise underlying anatomical differences may contribute to this finding.
The placement of co-verb gěi in spoken Mandarin varieties: A study on regional influences

Abstract Many spoken Mandarin varieties allow for the oscillation of the co-verb gěi ‘give’ between the pre- and post-verbal positions. Much attention has been directed to semantic and syntactic factors that constrain its placement. However, language external factors remain under-researched. This study examines sociolinguistic including regional influences on the variable placement of the co-verb gěi in spoken Mandarin. Data is collected at both production and perception levels to investigate the regional and social distributions of the gěi-phrase. At the production level, the data suggests that substrate influences from a speaker’s home vernacular play a crucial role. Results at the perception level remain inconclusive, and more research is required to unpack the complex role of sociolinguistic factors in such variation.
Prognostic Impact of Tumor Status, Nodal Status and Tumor Sidedness in Metastatic Colon Cancer

Background Locally advanced primary tumors have been associated with poor overall survival (OS) in non-metastatic colon cancer. However, their impact on metastatic colon cancer (mCC) is not fully defined. The association between primary tumor location and prognosis in mCC is also evolving. Methods Using National Cancer Data Base, we identified a cohort of 25,377 patients diagnosed with mCC from 2004-2009. Chi-square test was used for descriptive analyses, while all potential prognostic factors were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Results The five-year OS for the entire study cohort was 12.3%. Factors associated with significant survival impact in multivariate analysis included age, gender, race, comorbidity index, academic level of treating institution, insurance status, income, year of diagnosis, primary tumor site, histologic differentiation, pathologic tumor stage (pT), pathologic nodal stage (pN), and modality of chemotherapy. pT1 lesions demonstrated poor prognosis in stage IV colon cancers, not statistically different when compared to survival outcomes observed in cases with pT4 lesions. Regional nodal involvement demonstrated poor OS in full cohort analysis and subgroup analysis independent of primary tumor location. Both right-sided and transverse colon tumors had similarly worse OS compared to left-sided tumors (right-sided: HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.17-1.25; transverse: HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.15-1.27). Conclusions T1 lesions arising from right-side or transverse colon portend a poor prognosis in mCC, while regional lymph node involvement by itself is an independent poor prognostic factor. Right-sided tumors are associated with poor outcomes than left-sided tumors, suggesting the role of underlying molecular or biologic variants.
Hepatic transcriptional profile reveals the role of diet and genetic backgrounds on metabolic traits in female progenitor strains of the Collaborative Cross.

Mice have provided critical mechanistic understandings of clinical traits underlying metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) and susceptibility to MetSyn in mice is known to vary among inbred strains. We inves...
Bilateral Investment Treaties and International Human Rights Law: Harmonization through Interpretation

The number of bilateral investment treaties and disputes arising from them has exploded during the past two decades. Recent investment arbitrations have highlighted the potential for this new and increasingly important form of law to interact and conflict with international human rights law. The aim of this Report is to examine the relationship between these two bodies of law. Section One explores the substance of BITs and their relationship to international law generally. It identifies BITs as international treaties, which according to the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT), must be interpreted within the broader context of international law. It examines the principle of systemic integration, the presumption against conflict in international law, and how these principles call for BITs to be interpreted in harmony with other relevant and applicable international law. The Section confirms that investment tribunals have the jurisdiction to consider external law in the interpretation and application of BITs, and it goes on to explore in what circumstances other international law would be relevant and applicable for these purposes. Section Two explores the relationship between BITs and international human rights law specifically. It argues that achieving harmony between the two sets of laws is critical given the nature of human rights obligations, the constitutive nature of human rights norms, and the limited applicability of conflict resolution tools to potential conflicts with human rights law. The Third Section explores the potential for conflict between human rights law and BITs and whether such conflicts can be harmonized through interpretation. Applying the framework developed in Sections One and Two to the interpretation of major BIT terms, it shows that while potential conflicts do exist between these provisions and international human rights law, they can be mitigated by adopting reasonable and already accepted non-conflicting interpretations of the terms. Section Four goes on to discuss how the lack of transparency in investor-State arbitrations conflicts with the right to information and democratic governance, and undermines the fulfillment and protection of other human rights. The Report concludes the following: First, international investment tribunals have not only the authority but the obligation to consider international human rights norms while interpreting and applying BITs. Specifically, they must take seriously the potential for conflict between these two sets of laws, and interpret and apply BITs in a manner that minimizes these conflicts. Second, while the potential for conflict between BITs and international human rights law is real and growing, it can be mitigated by following standard principles of interpretation and applying generally accepted interpretations of BIT terms.
Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Total Shoulder Arthroplasty With a Nonspherical Humeral Head and Inlay Glenoid in Elite Weight Lifters: A Prospective Case Series.

Background:Weight lifting after total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) can place significant stresses on implants that could lead to instability, loosening, and increased wear. A TSA system with nonsphe...
Enhancing Legged Robot Navigation of Rough Terrain via Tail Tapping

Legged systems offer benefits over their wheeled counterparts in their ability to negotiate rugose and heterogeneous environments. However, in rough terrain, these systems are susceptible to failure conditions. These failures can be avoided through different strategies such as environmental sensing or passive mechanical elements. Such strategies come at an increased control and mechanical design complexity for the system, often without the capability of failure recovery. Here, we sought to systematically investigate how contact generated from a tail can be used to mitigate failures. To do so, we developed a quadrupedal C-leg robophysical model (length and width = 27 cm, limb radius = 8 cm) capable of walking over rough terrain with an actuated tail (length = 17 cm). We programmed the tail to perform three distinct strategies: static pose, periodic tapping, and load-triggered (power) tapping, while varying the angle of the tail relative to the body. We challenged the robot to traverse a nearly impassable terrain (length = 160 cm, width = 80 cm) of randomized blocks with dimensions scaled to the robot (length and width = 10 cm, height = 0 to 12 cm). Without the tail, the robot was often trapped among blocks, limiting terrain traversal, independent of gait pattern. With the tail, the robot could still be trapped due to complex interactions (difficult to detect or predict) between the system and its immediate surroundings. However, using the tail, the robot could free itself from trapping with a probability of 0 to 0.5, with the load-driven behaviors having comparable performance to low frequency periodic tapping across all tail tapping angles. By increasing the probability of freeing, the robot was more likely to traverse the rough terrain (mean distance before failure of 1.47 to 2.49 body lengths). In summary, we present a framework that leverages mechanics via tail-ground interactions to mitigate failure and improve legged system performance in heterogeneous environments.
Beyond acute cholecystitis—gallstone-related complications and what the emergency radiologist should know

The purpose of this study is to emphasize the imaging features of complications of gallstones beyond the cystic duct on ultrasound (US), enhanced and nonenhanced computed tomography (CECT and NECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). This article includes a brief overview of gallstone imaging and emerging trends in the detection of gallstones. This review article will highlight complications of gallstones, including choledocholithiasis, gallstone pancreatitis, acute cholangitis, Mirizzi syndrome, cholecystobiliary and cholecystoenteric fistulas, and gallstone ileus. Imaging findings and limitations of US, CT, MRI, and ERCP will be discussed. The review article will also briefly discuss the management of each disease. The presence of gallstones beyond the level of the cystic duct can lead to a spectrum of diseases, and emergency radiologists play a critical role in disease management by providing a timely diagnosis. Documenting the location of a gallstone within the common bile duct (CBD) in symptomatic cholelithiasis and the presence of acute interstitial edematous pancreatitis and/or ascending cholangitis plays a pivotal role in disease management. Establishing the presence of ectopic gallstones and biliary-enteric fistulae has a significant role in directing patient management.
Optimal Robust Control Based on Partial Derivative Plant Approximation for Frequency Support Using Multiple DC Micro-grids

In this paper, an uncertainty-based optimal control framework is proposed for the Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) which allows for improved frequency regulation of a distributed micro-grid. The control architecture updates the penalty factor of the controller quality function automatically and provides policy to the HESS which consists of battery and ultra-capacitor banks. The HESS supports a Photo-Voltaic Distributed Energy Resource (PVDER) during grid dynamics in the presence of frequency oscillations by managing the DC link voltage. The penalty factor update is based on the sensitivity of the battery and ultra-capacitor power contribution to the frequency change and is dynamically changing. These changing gains and penalty factors optimize the HESS output. The approach is generalized by making it compliant for extensions that include assimilation of affine, stochastic, linear time-variant, and trajectory following non-linear systems. A modified IEEE 123 bus distribution system is used as a test system to validate the proposed architecture and provide a quantitative comparison with the conventional frequency-droop approach. It has been observed that the proposed architecture provides around 50\% improvement frequency regulation when compared to optimal control.
An overview of crop nitrogen status assessment using hyperspectral remote sensing: Current status and perspectives

Abstract Nitrogen (N) is significantly related to crop photosynthetic capacity. Over-and-under-application of N fertilizers not only limits crop productivity but also leads to negative environment impacts. With such a dilemma, a feasible solution is to match N supply with crop needs across time and space. Hyperspectral remote sensing has been gradually regarded as a cost-effective alternative to traditional destructive field sampling and laboratory testing for crop N status determination. Hyperspectral vegetation indices (VIs) and linear nonparametric regression have been the dominant techniques used to estimate crop N status. Machine learning algorithms have gradually exerted advantages in modelling the non-linear relationships between spectral data and crop N. Physically-based methods were rarely used due to the lack of radiative transfer models directly involving N. The existing crop N retrieval methods rely heavily on the relationship between chlorophyll and N. The underlying mechanisms of using protein as a proxy of N and crop protein retrieval from canopy hyperspectral data need further exploration. A comprehensive survey of the existing N-related hyperspectral VIs was made with the aim to provide guidance in VI selection for practical application. The combined use of feature mining and machine learning algorithms was emphasized in the overview. Some feature mining methods applied in the field of classification and chemometrics might be adapted for extracting crop N-related features. The deep learning algorithms need further exploration in crop N status assessment from canopy hyperspectral data. Finally, the major challenges and further development direction in crop N status assessment were discussed. The overview could provide a theoretical and technical support to promote applications of hyperspectral remote sensing in crop N status assessment.
Stages in a Career in Planning

By the time president franklin D. Roosevelt’s remarkable “One Hundred Days” had come to an end, I had decided on my future career. I would devote my life to working on those policy issues important to the solution of society’s most critical problems. Planning was being discussed as a key ingredient of any concerted attack on the nation’s problems—particularly by the members of the President’s “brain trust,” Raymond Moley and Rexford Guy Tugwell, as well as by the Secretary of the interior, Harold Ickes—and I was intrigued by the logic of laying out a planned future course. However, it was some time before I could grasp how the planning mechanism might be used to advantage in a democratic country.
Hybrid computational intelligence with evolutionary computation and object neural networks

Evolutionary computation provides a basis for computer self-learning in the absence of human expertise. Evolutionary algorithms can be combined usefully with diverse other structures and methods of computational intelligence and AI to optimize performance, adapt to changing circumstances, and meet goals in a range of environments. Experiments with "Blondie24" have recently shown that an evolutionary algorithm can be combined with neural networks to learn to play checkers (draughts) at a level that is comparable with human experts, even without relying on human expertise in selecting features to evaluate alternative positions. The results from this Blondie24 project will be reviewed. New efforts that extend the approach to evolving object neural networks, which focus on specific areas of concern as defined by human expertise, in the game of chess will be detailed. The potential for allowing an evolutionary process to learn how to focus its attention without human guidance will be discussed. Members in the audience will have the opportunity to challenge Blondie24 to a game of checkers, and may also have the opportunity to compete against chess program that has evolved to the master level of competition.
Ideal-Typical Models for Sport

(1979). Ideal-Typical Models for Sport. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 52-54.
Combining Handcrafting and Automatic Generation of User-Interfaces for Pervasive Devices

Application development for multiple pervasive devices requires a methodology that requires less development and management effort than simply rewriting the application for each device. We describe an approach that combines the advantages of automated generation from a single model-based UI description, with handcrafting of interfaces for specific devices. We discuss the infrastructure required to support a hybrid automated generation and handcrafting system, with particular attention to the issues that arise during application evolution.
Outrun or Outmaneuver: Predator–Prey Interactions as a Model System for Integrating Biomechanical Studies in a Broader Ecological and Evolutionary Context

Behavioral studies performed in natural habitats provide a context for the development of hypotheses and the design of experiments relevant both to biomechanics and to evolution. In particular, predator-prey interactions are a model system for integrative study because success or failure of predation has a direct effect on fitness and drives the evolution of specialized performance in both predator and prey. Although all predators share the goal of capturing prey, and all prey share the goal of survival, the behavior of predators and prey are diverse in nature. This article presents studies of some predator-prey interactions sharing common predation strategies that reveal general principles governing the behaviors of predator and prey, even in distantly related taxa. Studies of predator-prey interactions also reveal that maximal performance observed in a laboratory setting is not necessarily the performance that determines fitness. Thus, considering locomotion in the context of predation ecology can aid in evolutionarily relevant experimental design. Classification by strategy reveals that displaying unpredictable trajectories is a relevant anti-predator behavior in response to multiple predation strategies. A predator's perception and pursuit of prey can be affected indirectly by divergent locomotion of similar animals that share an ecosystem. Variation in speed and direction of locomotion that directly increases the unpredictability of a prey's trajectory can be increased through genetic mutation that affects locomotor patterns, musculoskeletal changes that affect maneuverability, and physical interactions between an animal and the environment. By considering the interconnectedness of ecology, physical constraints, and the evolutionary history of behavior, studies in biomechanics can be designed to inform each of these fields.
Optimal Cross-Layer Design of Sampling Rate Adaptation and Network Scheduling for Wireless Networked Control Systems

Wireless Networked Control Systems (NCS) are increasingly deployed to monitor and control Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). To achieve and maintain a desirable level of performance, NCS face significant challenges posed by the scarce wireless resource and network dynamics. In this paper, we consider NCS consisting of multiple physical plant and digital controller pairs communicating over a multi-hop wireless network. The control objective is that the plants follow the reference trajectories provided by the controllers. This paper presents a novel optimization formulation for minimizing the tracking error due to (1) discretization and (2) packet delay and loss. The optimization problem maximizes a utility function that characterizes the relationship between the sampling rate and the capability of disturbance rejection of the control system. The constraints come from the wireless network capacity and the delay requirement of the control system. The solution leads to a joint design of sampling rate adaptation and network scheduling, which can be naturally deployed over existing networking systems which have a layered architecture. Based on a passivity-based control framework, we show that the proposed cross-layer design can achieve both stability and performance optimality. Simulation studies conducted in an integrated simulation environment consisting of Matlab/Simulink and ns-2 demonstrate that our algorithm is able to provide agile and stable sampling rate adaptation and achieve optimal NCS performance.
The thermodynamics of systems in a steady statea)

A rigorous thermodynamic theory of steady‐state systems is developed by generalizing the methods which were used by Clausius and Kelvin in the development of classical thermodynamics (thermostatics). The zeroth law is extended to nonequilibrium situations and the concept of temperature generalized accordingly. The law of homogeneous circuits, shown to be complementary to Kelvin’s principle, can be fused with it to give a generalized second principle. The thermodynamic principles are applied to those conversions of heat to work that result from transitions between two or more steady states or from the activity of systems that remain in a single steady state. It is proved that these latter systems must be multiply connected if conversion is to be continuous. We prove the existence of both scalar and vector functions of state for all steady‐state systems. Steady‐state conversion coefficients can be defined as derivatives of the vector functions of state, and useful relations among these coefficients derived. These include not only generalized forms of Kelvin’s relations for the thermocouple but similar relations for an analogous fluid system and, indeed, for any system in which potentials can be defined governing the flow of conserved quantities.
The implicit function theorem revisited

This paper is a survey of some results on Newton's method as applied to the implicit function theorem, homotopy methods, and Bezout's theorem. An application to macroeconomics is also described.
On the H2 line emission from NGC 6240 and other starburst galaxies

The origin of the powerful H2 line emission from the starburst galaxy NGC 6240 is considered. It is argued that shock waves do not appear to be able to account directly for the observed H2 emission. A new scenario is proposed in which the emission originates in molecular gas which has been abruptly exposed to intense X-ray irradiation. The required X-rays could come from a variety of sources, including SNRs or high-velocity collisions between clouds.
Mussels as sentinels

Mussel Watch II, ‘Chemical changes in the coastal zone’, Honolulu, Hawaii, 7–11 November 1983
Degradation of [14C]methoprene in the imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta

Abstract The insect growth regulator, methoprene, is active against the imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren. This report presents data on the degradation of [ 14 C]methoprene in the imported fire ant. The relative rates of absorption, metabolism, and excretion of methoprene in imported fire ant stages were found in the following order: adults>larvae>pupae>pharate pupae. Metabolism of methoprene by adults and pupae was primarily by O -demethylation to yield the alcohol-ester. Larvae and pharate pupae metabolized methoprene principally by esterase cleavage of the isopropyl ester which yielded the ether-acid. In larvae and pharate pupae there was a rapid increase in methoprene metabolism prior to the pharate pupal transformation and pupal molt. During the molt from pharate pupae to pupae, metabolism of methoprene appeared to occur in the cuticle, resulting in the accumulation of metabolites within and on the cuticle. The retention of these more polar compounds in the cuticle may contribute to the effectiveness of the insect growth regulator. The adults have a direct role in distributing the insect growth regulator and its metabolites, whereas the immatures may serve as a reservoir for maintenance of effective levels of insect growth regulator and active metabolites in the colony.
The Role of Understaffing and Overcrowding in Recurrent Outbreaks of Staphylococcal Infection in a Neonatal Special-Care Unit

Understaffing and overcrowding in the neonatal nursery are thought to contribute to the spread of infectious diseases among neonates, although little scientific documentation exists to support the view. In the present investigation of recurring epidemics in one nursery, the incidence rate of clustered staphylococcal infection was 16 times higher after periods when the infant:nurse ratio exceeded 7, seven times higher after periods when the infant census exceeded 33, three times higher in the summer months, and 1.5 times higher in the absence of bathing with hexachlorophene. All four factors were significantly associated with infection in a multivariate statistical model which predicted the occurrence of infection well (goodness-of-fit chi 2 = 6.08; df = 9; P = 0.73). These results support the contention that staphylococcal outbreaks periodically resulted when, in the presence of overcrowding, serious understaffing made frequent handwashing between infant contacts difficult. Elimination of these problems appears to be important in reducing cross infection in the nursery.
High productivity tank fermentation for gramicidin S synthetases

A high productivity tank fermentation for gramicidin S synthetases has been developed to supply biocatalyst for a preparative-scale ATP-driven cell-free enzymatic synthesis employing the polypeptide antibiotic, gramicidin S, as a model product. A rich, complex medium supports rapid and dense growth of the enzyme-producing microorganism, Bacillus brevis ATCC 9999, accompanied by the appearance of excellentenzyme activities. Under conditions used, the two enzyme fractions of the gramicidin S synthesizing system, as well as the total enzymatic activity for synthesis of gramicidin S, all reach their maxima simultaneously at the point where growth enters the stationary phase. Successful batch enzyme fermentations have been performed at the bench (14 liter) and pilot (180 liter)scales.
Chinese wall security policy-revisited a short proof

In this paper, Chinese wall security policy (CWSP) was re-examined via social networks and granular computing. A short proof of the strong Chinese wall security theorem was presented.
Analysis of decay of πN resonances into Nππ channels

Abstract Couplings of πN resonances with masses between 1.65 and 1.97 GeV/c2 to Δπ and ϱN channels are determined using the scattering matrix elements resulting from inelastic partial-wave analyses of πN → Nππ. The inelastic amplitudes were derived using an isobar model with a π-exchange based high partial-wave input. These couplings are compared to those derived from an analysis of πN → Nππ without a high partial-wave input. Some (weak) evidence for coupling of the ϱN channel to the P31(1910) resonance seen in elastic phase-shift analyses is found.
The Reliability and Construct Validity of Scores on the Six-Factor DOSC (Dimensions of Self-Concept) Scale for College Students.

The Dimensions of Self-Concept (DOSC)-Form H purports to measure academic self-concept of college students. The current DOSC-Form H consists of five subscales representing five hypothesized factors of academic self-concept. In this study, a sixth factor was added. The twofold purpose was to (a) examine the reliability and construct validity of scores on the six-factor DOSC-Form H as administered to a sample of 350 midshipmen at the U.S. Naval Academy and (b) compare scores on the DOSC-Form H by the subjects’ years at the academy academic major, and gender. The reliability tests indicated satisfactory reliability for scores on each of the six subscales of the DOSC-Form H. The confirmatory factor analyses resulted in an oblique six-factor model that supported multidimensionality of the DOSC-Form H. Comparison of scores by demographic variables indicated statistically significant difference in scores on the Academic Interest and Satisfaction subscale between genders and across academic majors.
Movement of mercury in rat submaxillary slices.

Abstract The movement of 203 Hg 2+ (as HgCl 2 ) was studied in slices of rat submaxillary gland. A steady-state distribution was research within 60 min. N 2 or metabolic inhibitors (2,4-DNP, NaCN, NaF or ouabain) failed to decrease tissue uptake. Increasing the concentration of Hg 2+ produced a corresponding increase in tissue metal. Decreasing the incubation temperature decreased uptake. Cd 2+ and Fe 2+ decreased uptake by Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Fe 3+ were without effect. Efflux experiments indicated a firm binding of Hg 2+ . The data suggest a passive uptake for Hg 2+ with unsaturable, temperature-sensitive binding sites in the interior of the cell.