cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal Antibodies for Bacillus anthracis Spore Detection and Functional Analyses of Spore Germination and Outgrowth

All members of the Bacillus genus produce endospores as part of their life cycle; however, it is not possible to determine the identity of spores by casual or morphological examination. The 2001 anthrax attacks demonstrated a need for fast, dependable methods for detecting Bacillus anthracis spores in vitro and in vivo. We have developed a variety of isotypes and specificities of mAbs that were able to distinguish B. anthracis spores from other Bacillus spores. The majority of Abs were directed toward BclA, a major component of the exosporium, although other components were also distinguished. These Abs did not react with vegetative forms. Some Abs distinguished B. anthracis spores from spores of distantly related species in a highly specific manner, whereas others discriminated among strains that are the closest relatives of B. anthracis. These Abs provide a rapid and reliable means of identifying B. anthracis spores, for probing the structure and function of the exosporium, and in the analysis of the life cycle of B. anthracis.
The Effects of Video Feedback on Self-Perception of Performance: A Replication and Extension

Video feedback has been shown to increase performance estimates on the part of speech anxious individuals (R. M. Rapee & K. Hayman, 1996). The present experiment tested a video feedback condition against 2 control conditions. A possible moderator of video feedback effects, the degree to which participants underrated their initial speech, was also tested, as was the possibility of mediation of video feedback's effects by increases in self-efficacy. Participants were 90 speech anxious undergraduate students. Although video feedback showed transitory effects across the sample as a whole, the effect was consistently positive for participants who highly underrated their first speech. Self-efficacy was an important predictor of change in self-perception of performance, but was not a mediator of video feedback's effects.
Quasi-10-day wave in the atmosphere

In the classical theory of oscillations on a spherical-rotating Earth, the quasi-10-day wave (Q10DW) exists as a westward propagating “free” or “unforced” normal mode oscillation with zonal wave number s = 1. In the present study, we employ Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry temperature measurements between 20 and 100 km and ±50° latitude, and extending from 2002 to 2013, to provide a comprehensive perspective on the Q10DW as it actually exists in the atmosphere. Climatological seasonal-latitudinal structures are presented which demonstrate that the Q10DW is weakest during summer months and equatorward of ±50° latitude but otherwise has amplitudes ranging from 1.0 K at ∼45 km to ∼5 K at 100 km. Seasonal asymmetries and significant interannual variability also exist. The mean period of the Q10DW is 9.8 days with a standard deviation of about 0.4 day. On average the Q10DW conforms reasonably well with theoretical expectations for a normal mode subject to the effects of dissipation and mean winds, at least below 80 km. Above 80 km this conformity often breaks down. Several factors potentially contributing to this nonconformity are discussed.
Why Just War Needs Feminism Now More Than Ever

This article notes the just war tradition's difficulty adapting to 21st century warfare, its susceptibility to political appropriation, its lack of conceptual clarity, and its blindness to the gender subordination inherent in its theoretical assumptions. Still, just war theory cannot be discarded — it is a ‘necessary evil,’ due to both its popularity in political discourse and the necessity of having a framework for ethical analysis of war. This article proposes a feminist reinterpretation of just war theory as the revitalization that just war theory needs. It explains this feminist just war theory based on relational autonomy, political marginality, empathy, and care. It introduces some feminist ‘standards’ for considering the morality of war. After brief applicatory explorations into the current conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, it concludes by arguing that the added normative strength and explanatory power coming from a feminist perspective is something just war theory sorely needs, now more than ever.
Reflexive Social Attention in Monkeys and Humans

For humans, social cues often guide the focus of attention. Although many nonhuman primates, like humans, live in large, complex social groups, the extent to which human and nonhuman primates share fundamental mechanisms of social attention remains unexplored. Here, we show that, when viewing a rhesus macaque looking in a particular direction, both rhesus macaques and humans reflexively and covertly orient their attention in the same direction. Specifically, when performing a peripheral visual target detection task, viewing a monkey with either its eyes alone or with both its head and eyes averted to one side facilitated the detection of peripheral targets when they randomly appeared on the same side. Moreover, viewing images of a monkey with averted gaze evoked small but systematic shifts in eye position in the direction of gaze in the image. The similar magnitude and temporal dynamics of response facilitation and eye deviation in monkeys and humans suggest shared neural circuitry mediating social attention.
Biodiversity and concentrations of airborne fungi in large US office buildings from the BASE study

Abstract The Building Assessment Survey and Evaluation (BASE) study measured baseline concentrations of airborne fungi in 100 representative US office buildings in 1994–1998. Multiple samples for different sampling durations, sites, and times of the day were aggregated into building-wide indoor and outdoor average concentrations. Fungal concentrations were compared between locations (indoor vs. outdoor), sampling and analytical methods (culture vs. microscopy), and season (summer vs. winter). The arithmetic means (standard deviations) of the indoor/outdoor concentrations of culturable fungi and fungal spores were 100/680 (230/840) CFU m - 3 and 270/6540 (1190/6780) spore m - 3 , respectively. Although fewer groups were observed indoors than outdoors, at lower average concentrations (except in two buildings), site-specific and building-wide indoor measurements had higher coefficients of variation. More groups were seen in summer, and aggregated concentrations tended to be higher than in winter except for culturable Aureobasidium spp. and Botrytis spp. outdoors and non-sporulating fungi in both locations. Rankings of the predominant fungi identified by both methods were similar, but overall indoor and outdoor spore concentrations were approximately 3 and 10 times higher, respectively, than concentrations of culturable fungi. In the 44 buildings with both measurements, the indoor and outdoor total culturable fungi to fungal spore ratios (total C / S ratios) were 1.27 and 0.25, with opposite seasonal patterns. The indoor C / S ratio was higher in summer than in winter (1.47 vs. 0.86; N = 29 and 15, respectively), but the outdoor ratio was lower in summer (0.19 vs. 0.36, respectively). Comparison of the number of different fungal groups and individual occurrence in buildings and samples indicated that the outdoor environment and summer season were more diverse, but the proportional contributions of the groups were very similar suggesting that the indoor and outdoor environments were related as were summer and winter seasons for each location. The extreme (e.g., 90th percentile) indoor concentrations ( 200 CFU m - 3 and 210 spore m - 3 ) may provide reference values for non-complaint US office environments.
Precarved lyophilized tissue for lamellar keratoplasty in recurrent pterygium.

Thirteen eyes with recurrent pterygia were treated with excision and lamellar keratoplasty using precarved, lyophilized donor cornea. After an average follow-up of 23 months, only one eye (7.7%) required repeat excision. Two eyes (15.4%) had minor recurrences that were asymptomatic and did not progress. Minimal vascularization at the interface between donor and recipient cornea was frequent, but this completely regressed after suture removal and topical corticosteroid treatment. Limitation of movement, when present preoperatively, was improved or eliminated. Best corrected visual acuity was unchanged in eight eyes (61.5%), decreased by one line in two eyes (15.4%), and improved by one or two lines in three eyes (23.1%). Postoperative astigmatism was within 0.5 diopter of the preoperative value in 11 eyes (84.6%); one eye (7.77%) had a postoperative increase of 1 diopter and another eye (7.7%) of 2 diopters.
Football (Soccer) Safety Equipment Use and Parental Attitudes Toward Safety Equipment in a Community Youth Sports Program

While a growing number of children are playing football (soccer), there are limited data on prevalence of injuries, actual use of football safety equipment (SE), and parental attitudes about football SE. We distributed a self-administered survey by mail to parents of all players enrolled in a community recreation youth football program. Parents of 865 children responded. Overall, 32 (3.7%) children were reported as having injuries requiring medical/dental evaluation. Upper/lower extremities were the most commonly injured sites. Shinguards (SGs) were the only equipment commonly used. While there was high parental support for SG use (97.4%) and moderate support for mouthguards (MGs; 53.8%), there was less support for other SE. Many parents were unfamiliar with available SE, but they were mostly willing to pay for it. In a community youth sports program, reports of football injuries were low as was the use of football SE other than SGs.
Nanometer-scale gaps in hydrogen silsesquioxane resist for T-gate fabrication

The authors present a novel T-gate fabrication process which takes advantage of the unique high-resolution property of the low-k dielectric material, hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ), as a negative tone electron beam resist. By optimizing layout design and process parameters, the authors demonstrate ∼30nm gap between two HSQ rectangular geometries, which is then used to define the T-gate footprint and support the T gate. An InGaAs∕InAlAs∕InP high electron mobility transistor with 80nm gate length was fabricated using this HSQ-based resist technique. Excellent dc and rf performances are presented.
Depression and Symptoms of Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity

Abstract Thirty-five boys, classified as major depressive disorder (MDD, N = 12), attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADDH, N = 12), or normal (NL, N = 11) on the basis of structured clinical interviews were evaluated using the Child Depression Rating Scale (CDRS), Connor's Parent Questionnaire (CPQ), and Jesness Inventory Manifest Aggression Scale (JIMAS). The MDD group scored significantly higher than the NL group on the CPQ indicating a higher than normal rate of externalizing behavioral symptoms for the MDD boys. Item analyses of JIMAS revealed that the MDD group positively endorsed criteria showing poor impulse control and stress intolerance significantly more often than the other two groups. Boys with MDD did not have features of ADDH, but may have oppositional disorder, whereas boys with ADDH may have dysthymia.
Aplanatic Wolter Type-I telescope design: is there a practical advantage?

It is well known that normal incidence, aplanatic telescope designs performed better at low field angles than ones corrected only for spherical aberration. This is why most large astronomical telescopes fabricated in the past fifty years have been of the Ritchey-Chretien design rather than of the classical Cassegrain design. For the relatively new field of x-ray/EUV astronomy, the Wolter type-I and Wolter Type-II grazing incidence designs have been extensively utilized. Both types consist of a paraboloidal primary mirror coaxial with a confocal hyperboloidal secondary mirror.The Wolter Type-II is the grazing incidence analog of the classical Cassegrain design. 'Aplanatic' versions of both the Wolter Type-I and the Wolter Type-II grazing incidence x-ray/EUV telescopes have been discussed in detail in the literature, and are widely touted as being superior designs. And indeed they are, at small field angles where coma-like aberrations dominate astigmatism-like ones. However, scattering effects and other practical optical fabrication tolerances prevent these grazing incidence telescope designs from being near diffraction-limited at the x-ray/EUV wavelengths, even on-axis. Since the scattering effects dominate residual coma-like design errors at the small field angles, there is negligible improvement in performance and perhaps a significant disadvantage in cost and schedule of fabrication. Comparison of performance predictions for the classical versus 'aplanatic' Wolter Type-I x-ray telescopes will be presented for the special case of the solar x-ray imager. SXI is a soft x-ray, solar telescope which is expected to become a standard subsystem aboard the next generation of NOAA/GOES weather satellites.
CSCW and education: viewing education as a site of work practice

Educational institutions, whether they are formal or informal, present a work environment in which technology, and social and cultural interactions mediate unfolding work. The interaction between CSCW and the work of education can hold great potential for both improving the educational institutions as well as providing greater explanatory power to CSCW theories that support the work of groups and the designs that are instantiated in those theories. The goal of this workshop is to build a community interested in the intersection between CSCW and educational work practice.
Diagenetic Versus Post-Diagenetic Dolomitization: ABSTRACT

The kinetics of the reaction, Biogenic carbonate + Mg++ ^rarr Dolomite + Ca++, have been studied at 300°C. in aqueous solution. Within the dolomite stability field the rate of dolomitization is increased by the following. a. Increased instability of the reactant. b. Increased calcium plus magnesium concentration of the dolomitizing solution. c. Increased magnesium/calcium ratio of the dolomitizing solution. d. Increased molar solution/solid ratio. e. Increased temperature. Each of the above five kinetic variables favors dolomitization in hypersaline environments. However, dolomitization has not yet been precluded in a normal marine environment. Present carbonate-forming sediments consist predominantly of the metastable minerals aragonite and magnesium calcite. At 300°C. these minerals, compared with calcite, are preferentially dolomitized. In nature, at lower temperatures, similar preferential reaction is observed. In limestone from Bonaire and Jamaica, the magnesium calcite components, in most cases red algae, have been replaced selectively by dolomite. Such preferential dolomitization indicates the penecontemporaneity of the process. The dolomitizing reaction is the mechanism whereby the End_Page 621------------------------------ metastable mineral equilibrated. Because aragonite and magnesium calcites, in most cases, equilibrate moderately rapidly in time, either by replacement, inversion, exsolution, or dissolution, their disappearance from a rock might be a logical process of carbonate diagenesis. If true, diagenetic processes, as opposed to post-diagenetic processes, would in many cases reflect the environment of deposition. End_of_Article - Last_Page 622------------
The carbohydrate composition of invertebrate hemagglutinin subunits isolated from the lobster Panulirus argus and the oyster Crassostrea virginica.

Abstract 1. 1. The carbohydrate compositions of purified oyster and lobster hemagglutinin subunits were determined by means of gas chromatography. 2. 2. Results showed that fucose, mannose, galactose, glucosamine and sialic acid residues were common to both subunits. 3. 3. Analysis revealed a total carbohydrate content of 17·2 and 9·2 moles per subunit for the lobster and oyster, respectively.
Chromodynamics and the transverse momentum of jets and hadrons in e + e - annihilation

Abstract Transverse momentum distributions of jets and hadrons produced in high energy e+e− annihilation provide an arena in which to test perturbative QCD calculations. We present a phenomenological study of recent data obtained at PETRA in the context of such calculations. We urge the study of perturbative QCD on isolated samples of events with large transverse momentum as lowest order results on moments, e.g., 〈pT2〉, are shown to be sensitive to the omission of higher orders.
"You don't know me, but …": access to patient data and subject recruitment in human subjects research.

Recruiting subjects to participate in a research study is the first step in the consent process, and therefore falls within the purview of the institutional review board (IRB) (Huntington and Robin...
Diameter dependent wall deformations during the compression of a carbon nanotube bundle

Raman scattering is used to study the pressure-dependence of the radial (R) bands of bundled single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) produced by the HiPCO process. We find that the normalized pressure derivative of the R-band frequency, $\ensuremath{\Phi}=d(\mathrm{ln}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{R}})/dP,$ increases with increasing nanotube diameter D as $\ensuremath{\Phi}\ensuremath{\sim}{D}^{2}.$ Using results from elastic theory, we show that the contribution to \ensuremath{\Phi} from isolated SWNT, $(={\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{0}),$ is small, which agrees with previous model calculations. We show here that ${\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{0}$ is independent of D. We conclude that most of the pressure dependence observed for the R bands in SWNT bundles may be identified with tube wall deformations mediated via tube-tube interactions within a bundle and not with the compression of an individual tube.
“Actually, I Don't Eat Meat”: A Multiple-Goals Perspective of Communication About Vegetarianism

Engaging in non-mainstream behavior can be challenging to negotiate communicatively, especially when it involves the simple but necessary task of eating, a lifelong activity that is often done in others’ company. Through face-to-face, semi-structured interviews of 20 vegetarians, this study used a multiple-goals perspective (Goldsmith, 2004; Goldsmith, Gumminger, & Bute, 2006) to examine the communicative dilemmas faced by vegetarians. This investigation suggests unique self-presentational challenges for vegetarians (e.g., being true to oneself yet fitting in; talking about vegetarianism without judging others) and identifies strategies that “healthy deviants”—people who violate society's norms in relatively healthy ways—can use to discuss their lifestyle choices. Findings offer practical implications for how communication can help people enact or sustain potentially stigmatized healthy lifestyles while maintaining their relationships.
Hierarchical optimal contour control of motion systems

Many motion control applications utilize multiple axes to traverse complex trajectories. The hierarchical contour control methodology proposed in this paper treats each axis as an individual subsystem and combines the Internal Model Principle with robust tracking and optimal hierarchical control techniques to track a desired trajectory. In this method the objectives are divided into two levels. Measurable goals of each subsystem are included in the bottom level and unmeasurable goals, which are estimated using the bottom level states, are considered in the top level where the subsystems are synchronized. The proposed methodology reduces system complexity while greatly improving tracking performance. The tracking error for each axis is considered in the bottom level where the Internal Model Principle is used to compensate for unmodeled nonlinear friction and slowly varying uncertainties. The top level goal (i.e., zero contour error) is propagated to the lower level by an aggregation relationship between contour error and physical linear axis variables. A controller is designed at the bottom level which simultaneously satisfies the bottom level goals (i.e., individual axis tracking) and the top level goal. Experimental results implemented on a table top CNC machine for diamond and freeform contours illustrate the performance of the proposed methodology. While this methodology was implemented for a two-axis motion system, it can be extended to any motion system containing more than two axes.
A continuous‐flow probe high performance liquid chromatography interface to a liquid secondary‐ion time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer

The possibilities for using the time-of-flight analyzer as a liquid chromatography detector are evaluated using a continuous flow probe and keV ion bombardment on a specially designed time-of-flight instrument.
Response from Phenotypic Recurrent Selection for Root Regeneration after Taproot Severing in Alfalfa

Over locations, four of five populations showed improvements for number of secondary roots regenerated per plant. The selected populations averaged 27% more regenerated secondary roots (P<0.01), 25% larger taproots (P<0.01), and 10% higher seedling weight (P<0.05) than the original populations. Correlations were significant between field and greenhouse evaluations for secondary root number (r=0.82, P<0.01) and taproot size (r=0.73, P<0.01) after artificial taproot severing. Greenhouse experiments revealed that number of secondary roots regenerated after artificial taproot severing was positively correlated with that after severing by Phytophthora megasperma Drechs. f. sp. medicaginis (r=0.85, P<0.01)
Time-Dependent Increases in Protease Activities for Neuronal Apoptosis in Spinal Cords of Lewis Rats During Development of Acute Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by axonal demyelination and neurodegeneration, the latter having been inadequately explored in the MS animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The purpose of this study was to examine the time-dependent correlation between increased calpain and caspase activities and neurodegeneration in spinal cord tissues from Lewis rats with acute EAE. An increase in TUNEL-positive neurons and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in EAE spinal cords suggested that neuronal death was a result of apoptosis on days 8–10 following induction of EAE. Increases in calpain expression in EAE correlated with activation of pro-apoptotic proteases, leading to apoptotic cell death beginning on day 8 of EAE, which occurred before the appearance of visible clinical symptoms. Increases in calcineurin expression and decreases in phospho-Bad (p-Bad) suggested Bad activation in apoptosis during acute EAE. Increases in the Bax:Bcl-2 ratio and activation of caspase-9 showed the involvement of mitochondria in apoptosis. Further, caspase-8 activation suggested induction of the death receptor–mediated pathway for apoptosis. Endoplasmic reticulum stress leading to caspase-3 activation was also observed, indicating that multiple apoptotic pathways were activated following EAE induction. In contrast, cell death was mostly a result of necrosis on the later day (day 11), when EAE entered a severe stage. From these findings, we conclude that increases in calpain and caspase activities play crucial roles in neuronal apoptosis during the development of acute EAE.
Microbiology of gastrostomy site wound infections in children

Specimens of pus were obtained from gastrostomy site wound infections in 22 children. Polymicrobial flora was found in 21 of the 22 wounds. Aerobic or facultative bacteria only were isolated in eight (36%) instances and mixed aerobic-anaerobic flora were isolated from the other 14 (64%) wounds. A total of 102 bacterial isolates (57 aerobic and 45 anaerobic) and seven cultures of candida were obtained. The most frequent isolates were Escherichia coli (16 isolates). Peptostreptococcus spp. (14), Enterococcus spp. (14), Bacteroides spp. (12) and Staphylococcus aureus (6). Twenty-eight strains producing beta-lactamase were isolated from 16 (73%) patients. The presence of polymicrobial aerobic-anaerobic infection, and the isolation of E. coli and Bacteroides spp. were more frequent in wounds with gastric leakage than in wounds without gastric leakage (p < 0.05). Bacteria similar to those isolated from the wound were also isolated from blood cultures from three patients-two isolates of E. coli and one each of B. fragilis and S. aureus. All patients received local therapy and 11 were treated with systemic antimicrobial agents. The polymicrobial aerobic-anaerobic flora of gastrostomy site wound infections, especially in association with gastric leakage, and the presence of beta-lactamase producers in most of these infections may have important implications for their management.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication and quasispecies evolution in pigs that lack adaptive immunity

The replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was studied in a line of pigs possessing a severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Real-time RT-PCR revealed a unique course of infection for the SCID group. During the course of infection, viremia was initially significantly lower than normal littermates, but by 21 days was significantly elevated. Deep sequencing of the viral structural genes at days 11 and 21 identified seven amino acid substitutions in both normal and SCID pigs. The most significant change was a W99R substitution in GP2, which was present in the inoculum at a frequency of 35%, but eventually disappeared from all pigs regardless of immune status. Therefore, amino acid substitutions that appear during acute infection are likely the result of the adaptation of the virus to replication in pigs and not immune selection.
Stability studies of Solar Optical Telescope dynamics

The Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) is designed to operate as an attached payload mounted on the Instrument Pointing System (IPS) in the cargo bay of the Shuttle Orbiter. Pointing and control of SOT is accomplished by an active Articulated Primary Mirror (APM), an active Tertiary Mirror (TM), an elaborate set of optical sensors, electromechanical actuators and programmable controllers. The structural interactions of this complex control system are significant factors in the stability of the SOT. The preliminary stability study results of the SOT dynamical system are presented. Structural transfer functions obtained from the NASTRAN model of the structure were used. These studies apply to a single degree of freedom (elevation). Fully integrated model studies will be conducted in the future.
Hepatitis C virus RNA: molecular switches mediated by long-range RNA–RNA interactions?

Multiple conserved structural cis-acting regulatory elements have been recognized both in the coding and untranslated regions (UTRs) of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome. For example, the cis-element 5BSL3.2 in the HCV-coding region has been predicted to use both its apical and internal loops to interact with the X RNA in the 3′-UTR, with the IIId domain in the 5′-UTR and with the Alt sequence in the coding region. Additionally, the X RNA region uses a palindromic sequence that overlaps the sequence required for the interaction with 5BSL3.2, to dimerize with another HCV genome. The ability of the 5BSL3.2 and X RNA regions to engage in multi-interactions suggests the existence of one or more molecular RNA switches which may regulate different steps of the HCV life cycle. In this study, we used biophysical methods to characterize the essential interactions of these HCV cis-elements at the molecular level. Our results indicate that X RNA interacts with 5BSL3.2 and another X RNA molecule by adopting two different conformations and that 5BSL3.2 engages simultaneously in kissing interactions using its apical and internal loops. Based on these results, we propose a mode of action for possible molecular switches involving the HCV RNA.
A Medieval Lesson on Bodily Knowing: Women's Experience and Men's Thought

In the last decade or so, a number of women writers have made the point that only through the body can human beings know adequately what is good and worthwhile in human life. To discern with any alequacy human values and their relative importance, one has to experience them physically. This epistemological claim is no novelty in Western thought, but women writers, eminently Susan Griffin, Audre Lorde, Robin Morgan, Adrienne Rich, and Haunani-Kay Trask make the claim particularly plausible and urgent in their chilling critique of maledominated Western culture.
Indirect delayed reactions under various testing conditions in normal and midlateral frontal monkeys

Abstract A group of nine rhesus monkeys with bilateral ablation of the cortex in and around the sulcus principalis were unimpaired relative to a group of xeven control animals when tested for the retention of a preoperatively learned indirect delayed reaction based upon a sign-differentiated position discrimination. Introduction of longer durations of delay and a change in the basic discrimination task also failed to reveal any deficit. A significant but transient loss appeared in frontals when an opaque screen was used during delays. The results were discussed in terms of certain anatomical and methodological features of the research.
The effects of soil environment on the ability of surface geochemical surveys to detect underlying hydrocarbon traps

Abstract Soil surveys represent an inexpensive potential technique for preliminary hydrocarbon exploration. However, large scatter and lack of repeatability have limited their use. To determine whether a signal from a reservoir is actually detectable, a series of closely spaced soil samples was collected along a traverse line across a gas-storage reservoir. Gases were desorbed from the soil by heating and were analyzed for their content of light hydrocarbons using gas chromatography. Additional information concerning the soil and its environment was also collected at each sample site to investigate the source of scatter in the data. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to determine whether differences in ethane concentration from one site to another were significant and whether they could be correlated with the reservoir boundaries and/or other variables. The results do show systematic variations in ethane concentration and a strong correlation between ethane concentrations and the known reservoir boundaries. However, strong correlations were also found with some of the soil environment variables, specifically the moisture content and the land use (presumably related to the amount of disturbance). Unless these and other soil environment factors are taken into account, variability in gas content caused by them can mask any relationship with a hydrocarbon reservoir. Two other significant observations emerge from the study. First, sample spacing needs to be closer than that used in conventional surveys in order to detect boundaries and to separate the reservoir signal from surface noise. Second, the individual light hydrocarbons appear to behave differently in the soil. Methane is present in low concentrations despite its high concentration in the reservoir gas. Ethane is more abundant and was chosen for use in the analysis. Propane and butane have very low concentrations, reflecting their low concentrations in the natural gas in the reservoir. However, pentane, though dilute in natural gas, is very abundant in the soil. We believe that pentane is retained because soil temperatures are near its liquidus, particularly during cold weather. This makes pentane potentially unreliable as an indicator of underlying gas flux.
Pattern of localization in ‘precentral’ motor cortex of raccoon

Abstract 1 The pattern of localization in the ‘precentral’ motor area of the cerebral cortex of the raccoon has been defined and the limits of this functional area established. 2 The general plan of organization, which has already been established for rat and monkey, also characterizes the ‘precentral’ motor area of the raccoon. It is laid down in a manner to mirror in general the layout of the ‘postcentral’ sensory area of this animal, with the representations of the apices of the limbs adjoining the sensory representations of these parts along a ‘central sulcus’ complex. 3 The pattern of organization shows considerable elaboration over that reported for cat and dog. This is particularly evident in the representation of the forepaw. 4 In spite of the elaboration reported here, the precentral motor hand area attains only one-third the size of the ‘postcentral’ sensory area of this animal. These differences reflect the observed differences in the motor and sensory behaviors of this animal. 5 This study adds further support to the view that a central sulcus is making its appearance in this species. The following sulci appear to contribute: possibly the rostral branch of the coronal sulcus, the ascending branch of the coronal sulcus, the rostral branches of the postcruciate sulcal complex and a small sulcus beginning on the dorsal surface and extending onto the mesial wall of the hemisphere.
Bistable reflective cholesteric liquid crystal display with pixelated colors

We report the fabrication of a bistable, reflective cholesteric liquid crystal display (CLCD) with pixelated colors. The bistable color CLCD is prepared, instead of using stacked color panels, by the formation of polymer barrier walls at inter-pixel areas and color tuning with a tunable chiral material (TCM), whose chirality can be rendered and reduced by exposing to various amount of UV light at a selected wavelength. The polymer barrier walls are formed at the inter-pixel areas by a photopolymerization-induced phase separation via a photomask. Some of the blue color pixels are selectively changed to reflect the green or red color by exposing the panel to various amount of UV light with the assistance of a set of photomasks. The electro-optical study of a CLCD with pixilated colors reveal that the bistable switching behavior is retained with variation in switching voltages depending on the color of cholesteric pixels.
Writing-Stories: Co-authoring "The Sea Monster," a Writing-Story

This text shows what it announces: two research problems. First, how are readings of texts affected by knowledge of their construction? Second, how do the specific circum stances in which we write affect what and how we write? The text shows what it talks about through a reprint of "The Sea Monster" followed by a "writing-story" about its co-authorship. The author proposes that, at this particular time, we valorize writing-sto ries, or stories of how we constructed our texts. Doing so would extend reflexivity into our writing practices, demystify writing, confirm our kinship to the humanities, and deepen and expand our writing/reading strategies.
Rhetoric: Its functions and its scope

(1953). Rhetoric: Its functions and its scope. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 401-424.
Dynamic Reservation-Based Mixed-Criticality Task Set Scheduling

Mixed-criticality systems allow tasks of LO-criticality and HI-criticality to share the same platform. Such a design approach provides high resource usage for modern embedded systems. However, there are many challenges need to be addressed before mixed-criticality systems can be widely deployed. One key problem is how to schedule the task set to guarantee that all HI-criticality tasks meet their deadlines, and at the same time, minimize LO-criticality tasks' deadline miss ratio. To address the problem, we present a dynamic reservation-based mixed-criticality task set scheduling algorithm, i.e., The DRBS algorithm, to minimize the LO-criticality tasks' deadline miss ratio while guarantee HI-criticality tasks always meet their deadlines. Our experimental results show that the proposed scheduling algorithm can improve the schedulability of the existing approaches such as the EDF-VD and the Greedy algorithm by 70% and 10%, respectively. In addition, the effectiveness of the dynamic reservation-based (DRBS) algorithm with respective to the deadline miss ratio reduction is also experimentally validated.
Incidental Discovery of an Inferior Vena Cava Aneurysm

Inferior vena cava (IVC) aneurysms are extremely rare, with only 18 reported cases in the world literature. These aneurysms are categorized as acquired, congenital, or associated with arteriovenous fistulae. Thrombosis of an IVC aneurysm can lead to IVC syndrome characterized by massive lower extremity edema, pulmonary embolism, or even death. Therapeutic alternatives range from watchful waiting to operative resection. This report presents a case of an IVC aneurysm noted incidentally at the time of diagnostic computed tomography for the evaluation of blunt chest trauma following a motor vehicle collision. In addition, the classification, embryology, diagnosis, and management of this unusual clinical entity are reviewed.
Sorption of carbamazepine, 17α-ethinylestradiol, iopromide and trimethoprim to biomass involves interactions with exocellular polymeric substances

The sorption of carbamazepine (CBZ), iopromide (IOP), trimethoprim (TMP) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) was evaluated using four biomass types (pure ammonia oxidizing bacterial culture, two heterotrophic enrichment cultures with varying levels of oxygenase activity, and a full-scale nitrifying activated sludge (NAS) culture). CBZ and IOP did not sorb to the four biomass types. EE2 did not sorb to the pure culture but sorbed significantly to the heterotrophic cultures and NAS. TMP sorbed to the heterotrophic cultures and NAS, and was not evaluated for the pure culture. Three floc characteristics (hydrophobicity, median particle size, organic matter content) correlated moderately well with the EE2 organic matter sorption coefficient (KOM,EE2). Zeta potential did not correlate well with KOM,EE2 but did with KOM,TMP, indicating that TMP sorption is more influenced by electrostatic factors than EE2. Once divalent cation-linked exocellular polymeric substances (EPS) were removed from flocs, EE2 and TMP sorption to the non-EPS (cellular) fraction decreased by approximately 50%. The correlation between KOM,EE2 for the non-EPS cellular fraction deteriorated while the correlation between KOM,TMP improved. EE2 seemed to sorb more strongly to EPS protein whereas TMP sorbed equally to polysaccharide and protein EPS. Attempts to develop predictive models were not successful. Pharmaceuticals that sorbed to biomass samples underwent biodegradation whereas those that did not sorb were not biodegraded, suggesting a relationship between sorption and pharmaceutical biotransformation.
Challenges Faced By Thai Families When a Loved One Has a Traumatic Brain Injury

The purpose of this study were to explore challenges and approaches for resolving challenges that Thai family members face when engaging with their loved one with severe traumatic brain injury in the critical care setting. This pilot study used an exploratory design. Nine family members were interviewed at a hospital in Thailand. Story-inquiry method guided data collection and analysis. Three challenges themes were identified: facing the uncertainty of their loved one's illness, dealing with personal sufferings, and changing everyday life patterns. Attending to their loved one and attending to self were two themes that family members used to manage challenges.
Effect of the Contraceptive Steroids Norethynodrel and Mestranol on Dental Caries Activity in Young Adult Female Rats

Norethynodrel and mestranol in a ratio identical to that used for contraception were injected subcutaneously daily for five weeks into young adult female rats. These rats were fed with a purified caries test diet. The carious lesions of the treated rats increased proportionately with increased doses of the agents.
The joint essential numerical range of operators: convexity and related results

LetW (A) andWe(A) be the joint numerical range and the joint essential numerical range of an m-tuple of self-adjoint operators A = (A1, . . . , Am) acting on an infinite dimensional Hilbert space, respectively. In this paper, it is shown that We(A) is always convex and admits many equivalent formulations. In particular, for any fixed i ∈ {1, . . . ,m}, We(A) can be obtained as the intersection of all sets of the form cl(W (A1, . . . , Ai+1, Ai + F,Ai+1, . . . , Am)), where F = F ∗ has finite rank Moreover, it is shown that the closure cl(W (A)) of W (A) is always star-shaped with the elements in We(A) as star centers. Although cl(W (A)) is usually not convex, an analog of the separation theorem is obtained, namely, for any element d / ∈ cl(W (A)), there is a linear functional f such that f(d) > sup{f(a) : a ∈ cl(W (A))}, where A is obtained from A by perturbing one of the components Ai by a finite rank self-adjoint operator. Other results on W (A) and We(A) extending those on a single operator are obtained. AMS Subject Classification 47A12, 47A13, 47A55.
The role of parenting and personal characteristics on deviant peer association among European American and Latino adolescents

Abstract This study examined both mothers’ and fathers’ parenting (positive and negative) and adolescents’ personal characteristics (religiosity, social initiative, aggression, depression) in relation to perceived deviant peer association for European American and Latino adolescents. Using structural equation modeling, adolescents’ reports of positive or negative mothering and fathering were found to be related to adolescents’ personal characteristics, and these characteristics were, in turn, related to perceived deviant peer association. Ethnic differences in means were found in both parenting and outcome variables, with European American adolescents reporting higher levels of positive parenting and social initiative, and lower levels of perceived deviant peer association than Latino adolescents. Despite these mean differences, no ethnic differences were found in the overall measurement or structural model, suggesting that this process functions similarly for these two ethnic groups.
Dynamic Regulation of the INAD Signaling Scaffold Becomes Crystal Clear

PDZ domains are common building blocks of scaffold proteins that enhance specificity and speed in signal transduction cascades. Although PDZ modules are often viewed as passive participants, Mishra et al. (2007) now show that a PDZ domain in INAD, a scaffold protein in photoreceptor cells of the fruit fly, undergoes a light-dependent conformational change, which has important consequences for signaling and animal behavior.
ANALYTICAL SOLUTION FOR FIXED BED ADSORPTION WITH VARIABLE INPUT CONCENTRATION

(1982). ANALYTICAL SOLUTION FOR FIXED BED ADSORPTION WITH VARIABLE INPUT CONCENTRATION. Chemical Engineering Communications: Vol. 15, No. 5-6, pp. 313-322.
Phase relations at liquidus temperatures in the system MgO-NiO-SiO2

The well-known “quenching technique” has been used to determine liquidus and solidus phase relations in the system MgO-NiO-SiO2. Oxide mixtures were heated at selected temperatures for sufficient lengths of time for attainment of equilibrium, followed by quenching to room temperature, and phase identification by optical microscopy (transmitted-and reflected-light examination) and X-ray diffraction. Two ternary liquidus invariant points are present in the system. One is characterized by the coexistence of pyroxene (Mg-SiO3-NiSiO3 solid solution), olivine (Mg2SiO4-Ni2SiO4 solid solution), silica (cristobalite), and liquid at 1547°C. The other eutectic is at 1633°C and is characterized by the coexistence of olivine, oxide (MgO-NiO solid solution), silica, and liquid. There is a temperature maximum on the olivine-silica liquidus boundary curve at 1639°C. Reversals in the distribution ratios of magnesium and nickel between solid and liquid phases coexisting in equilibrium during crystallization of melts in this system may occur, depending on the compositions of the mixtures.
Cryogenic Charpy impact testing of metallic glass matrix composites

Compact Charpy impact testing was employed to investigate the effect of low temperatures on the impact toughness of bulk metallic glass matrix composites (BMGMCs). Samples were fabricated via suction casting and impacted from room temperature down to liquid nitrogen temperature. Unlike monolithic glasses, BMGMCs do exhibit a steep decrease in toughness as the temperature is reduced from the ambient, caused by embrittlement in the ductile reinforcing phase. However, at cryogenic temperatures, BMGMCs have a toughness equivalent to their glassy matrix.
Stable Isotope and Biochemical Composition of White Perch in a Phragmites Dominated Salt Marsh and Adjacent Waters

Tissue stable isotopes and biochemical condition were compared in two populations of white perch, Morone americana, residing in a Phragmites australis-dominated tidal salt marsh and adjacent open waters of Haverstraw Bay, in the Hudson River estuary, USA. As reported previously for other taxa in this system, stable isotope composition of M. americana was influenced by the dominant vegetation present, in this case a near monoculture of P. australis and other C3 vegetation, mainly deciduous trees, that lined the immediate upland shoreline of the marsh. However, all three stable isotopes, δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S, differed significantly between the two populations, with all three parameters displaying enrichment in the open water collections. Both fish populations exhibited the expected allometric relationships among mass components (total protein, total lipids, dry weight) but energy reserves in the form of triacylglycerols and total lipids were significantly greater in the Haverstraw Bay population. These results were interpreted to not only be a function of fish size but also to originate from differences in habitat quality at the two locations.
On the nature of pressure‐induced coordination changes in silicate melts and glasses

Progressive decreases in the Si‐O‐Si angles between corner‐shared silicate tetrahedra in glasses and melts with increasing pressure can lead to arrangements of oxygen atoms that can be described in terms of edge‐ or face‐shared octahedra. This mechanism of compression can account for the gradual, continuous increases in melt and glass densities from values at low pressure that indicate dominantly tetrahedral coordination of Si to values at several tens of GPa that suggest higher coordination. It also can explain the unquenchable nature of octahedrally coordinated Si in glasses, the absence of spectroscopically detectable octahedrally coordinated Si in glasses until they are highly compressed, the gradual and reversible transformation from tetrahedral to octahedral coordination in glasses once the transformation is detectable spectroscopically, and the fact that this transformation takes place in glass at room temperature. It may also have relevance to pressure‐induced transformations from crystalline to glassy phases, the difficulty in retrieving some metastable high pressure crystalline phases at low pressure, and the observed differences between the pressures required for phase transformations in shock wave experiments on glasses and crystals.
Némethy, Judit Kesserű: “Szabadságom lett a börtönöm”: Az argentínai magyar emigráció története 1948-1968

Nemethy, Judit Kesserű: “Szabadsagom lett a bortonom”: Az argentinai magyar emigracio tortenete 1948-1968 (“My Freedom Became My Prison”: The History of the Hungarian Emigres in Argentina, 1948-1968). Budapest: A Magyar Nyelv es Kultura Nemzetkozi Tarsasaga, 2003. ISBN 963212 152X, 430 pp. Reviewed by Andrew Ludanyi, Ohio Northern University.