cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Review of the Scientific Literature on Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) in the Genus Bradysia2

The majority of the literature concerning fungus gnats in the genus Bradysia (Family Sciaridae) can be divided into two groups, addressing their cytogenetics or their role as economically important pests. Cytological anomalies in sciarids are recognized in (1) chromosome complement, (2) differential chromosome contributions of the sperm and egg, (3) alteration of chromosome complement during embryogenesis, (4) and alteration during gametogenesis. The literature concerning these cytological events is reviewed within the context of the development of the science of cytogenetics and as they relate to the taxonomy and systematics of this group. Although species of Bradysia were recognized as pests of various seedling plants over a century ago, their economic importance in plant and mushroom production was largely overlooked until recently. A review of the scientific literature on the biology and management of the sciarids indicates that members of the genus Bradysia may be especially pestiferous in greenhouse...
Clinical Progress in Cell Therapy for Single Ventricle Congenital Heart Disease

One of the fundamental goals of congenital cardiac surgery is to correct the circulatory and structural physiology of congenital heart disease (CHD) by skillfully reconstructing the cardiac anatomy. In the majority of CHD patients, complete correction is achieved with low mortality and reasonable durability, a tribute to surgical strides during the last 2 decades. However, the most challenging CHD patients present with a developmentally hypoplastic heart chamber, which necessitates heroic palliative operations to establish a single ventricle that delivers oxygenated blood to the body, leaving deoxygenated blood to be delivered passively to the pulmonary circulation. Article, see p 1162 This anatomy is crafted in a staged fashion. Typically, the stage I palliative operation (Norwood operation) is performed in the first weeks of life and commits the single ventricle to pumping to both the systemic and pulmonary circulations. The stage II operation (bidirectional cavo-pulmonary anastomosis), at ≈6 months, redirects superior vena caval blood to the pulmonary circulation by transecting the proximal superior vena caval and performing a direct anastomosis to the right pulmonary artery. The stage III operation (Fontan), at ≈3 years, directs the remaining inferior vena caval blood flow to the pulmonary artery. Though outcomes have been improving over the past few decades, these procedures are not curative, and overall life expectancy with these conditions remains markedly diminished.1 Much of this mortality is because of dysfunction of the single ventricle, which is usually the morphological right ventricle (RV). The RV is not intended to pump against systemic pressures long term and in the best circumstances fails by the second or third decade of life.2 The only viable option for the failing ventricle is heart transplantation; however, survival after heart transplantation is poor after single ventricle staged palliation.3 Along with increased mortality because of inevitable failure, there is …
Race And Representation On Tv: The Influence Of Tv Status On Latino Identities

It has been observed that most American TV media has taken on a format that seems to concern itself primarily with White, middle to high-income family situations. Even though the United States of America has a Latino population that reaches 17% (approximately 55 million Latinos—with Mexican Americans making up 63% of that number) and growing (Krogstad 2016), we still see a tremendous lack of Latino characters in American television. This leaves millions of Americans with no substantial representations that they can relate to, or form an identity off of. Instead, Latinos are forced into believing they are not important enough to merit TV roles and perhaps not really be American at all. This research was a content analysis of 79 scripted shows that aired through 2011-2015 to determine how often Latinos came out and how they were portrayed. Results showed that they appeared an average of six minutes on screen and they were generally depicted as criminals. Additionally, four focus group interviews were conducted, and participants also responded that shows tend to stereotype minorities while they showed White characters as authority figures. Both content analysis and focus group interviews found that Latinos lack strong representation in American television.
Role of targeting nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy and imaging

Cancer immunotherapy involves the delivery of immunogenic compounds and/or the priming, or induction, of the body's natural immune system to target cancer. The use of cancer immunotherapy has led to various means of cancer prevention and treatment that have produced prolonged life expectancy and stabilized disease. Nanoparticles are promising vehicles or adjuvants for effective delivery of therapeutics, antigens, stimulatory effectors, or antibodies for therapeutic invention. Targeting nanoparticles are especially useful due to their capability of accumulating in specific sites of interest like tumors and, thereby, decreasing risks of damage to normal tissue. Targeting can be achieved by incorporation of cell-surface related binding molecules or antibodies. This review explores the role of targeting nanoparticles as delivery or adjuvant sys­tems to modulate immune response, and as imaging tracking systems for cancer immunotherapy.
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (Cranial Nerve IX)

The glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX) originates in the medulla oblongata. This is a mixed nerve that carries functionally different axons: Somatic efferents that innervate the stylopharyngeus muscle; parasympathetic efferents that stimulate parotid salivary secretion; visceral afferents that convey inputs from chemoreceptors and baroreceptors of the carotid sinus; taste afferents from the posterior third of the tongue; and general somatic afferents from the oropharynx, nasopharynx, and middle ear.
Value-based decision making via sequential sampling with hierarchical competition and attentional modulation.

In principle, formal dynamical models of decision making hold the potential to represent fundamental computations underpinning value-based (i.e., preferential) decisions in addition to perceptual decisions. Sequential-sampling models such as the race model and the drift-diffusion model that are grounded in simplicity, analytical tractability, and optimality remain popular, but some of their more recent counterparts have instead been designed with an aim for more feasibility as architectures to be implemented by actual neural systems. Connectionist models are proposed herein at an intermediate level of analysis that bridges mental phenomena and underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. Several such models drawing elements from the established race, drift-diffusion, feedforward-inhibition, divisive-normalization, and competing-accumulator models were tested with respect to fitting empirical data from human participants making choices between foods on the basis of hedonic value rather than a traditional perceptual attribute. Even when considering performance at emulating behavior alone, more neurally plausible models were set apart from more normative race or drift-diffusion models both quantitatively and qualitatively despite remaining parsimonious. To best capture the paradigm, a novel six-parameter computational model was formulated with features including hierarchical levels of competition via mutual inhibition as well as a static approximation of attentional modulation, which promotes “winner-take-all” processing. Moreover, a meta-analysis encompassing several related experiments validated the robustness of model-predicted trends in humans’ value-based choices and concomitant reaction times. These findings have yet further implications for analysis of neurophysiological data in accordance with computational modeling, which is also discussed in this new light.
The Association Between Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Hospital Case Volume and Mortality in a U.S. Cohort, 2002-2011.

OBJECTIVES This study examines the relationships between hospitals' annual acute respiratory distress syndrome case volume with hospitals' acute respiratory distress syndrome case fatality rates and individuals' odds of acute respiratory distress syndrome hospital mortality. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING The U.S. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 2002-2011. PATIENTS Acute respiratory distress syndrome discharges defined by the presence of an acute respiratory distress syndrome International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis code (518.82 or 518.5) and a mechanical ventilation procedure code (96.70, 96.71 or 96.72) on the discharge diagnosis and procedure lists. If the procedure code 96.71 was on the discharge record (mechanical ventilation < 96 hr duration), the patient also needed to be classified as deceased. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We analyzed 2,686 hospitals and 117,204 cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Average annual hospital acute respiratory distress syndrome in-hospital mortality was 47%. Acute respiratory distress syndrome case volume was categorized as low (1-9), medium (10-49), and high (50-423 cases per year). In a hospital-level Poisson regression adjusting for hospital characteristics, when compared with low-volume acute respiratory distress syndrome hospitals, high- and medium-volume acute respiratory distress syndrome hospitals had lower annual acute respiratory distress syndrome case fatality (rate ratio, 0.75; 99% CI, 0.71-0.79 and rate ratio, 0.86; 99% CI, 0.82-0.90, respectively; p ≤ 0.001 for both). In an individual-level, multivariable model adjusting for hospital and individual characteristics, high and medium acute respiratory distress syndrome volume hospitals were associated with lower odds of acute respiratory distress syndrome mortality compared with low-volume hospitals (odds ratio, 0.85 [99% CI, 0.74-0.99]; p = 0.006 and odds ratio, 0.89 [99% CI 0.79-1.00]; p = 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, at both an individual- and hospital-level, higher acute respiratory distress syndrome hospital case volume is associated with lower acute respiratory distress syndrome hospital mortality.
Regulatory Issues and Approaches to Municipal LED Street Lighting Conversions

Author(s): Deason, J; Schwartz, LC; Mims, N; Potter, J | Abstract: Municipalities considering energy-efficient light-emitting diode street lights for their jurisdiction face a variety of regulatory issues. This brief describes how cities can successfully address these challenges to achieve multiple advantages. The brief first reviews the structure of street lighting tariffs and the costs and cost assumptions that underlie them. It then lays out pathways that municipalities can take to consider street lighting retrofits if faced by these regulatory barriers. The brief references cases of municipalities’ successes and challenges in pursuing these pathways. For more information, see the resources listed at the end of the brief.
The Influence of Cosmopolitan Values on Environmental Attitudes: An International Comparison

Many recent environmental politics and environmental behavior studies have attempted to explain the variation in individuals’ environmental attitudes by means of their personal values. This piece enters into the recent debate that has developed around the dichotomous ideologies of cosmopolitanism and patriotism and their relationship to environmentalism, arguing that individuals with cosmopolitan values are more likely to exhibit concern for environmental issues than those with patriotic values. Through an analysis of regression models for seven Western industrialized nations, this study confirms a positive correlation between cosmopolitan values and environmentalism. The explanatory power of cosmopolitanism was greater than that of social demographic variables and political ideology, as well two other popularly examined ideologies, postmaterialism and egalitarianism. This article is available in Res Publica Journal of Undergraduate Research: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/respublica/vol17/iss1/7
Anti-CTLA-4 Immunotherapy Does Not Deplete FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) in Human Cancers-Response.

Abstract Purpose: CTLA-4 was the first inhibitory immune checkpoint to be identified. Two monoclonal antibodies, ipilimumab (IgG1) and tremelimumab (IgG2), which block the function of CTLA-4, have demonstrated durable clinical activity in a subset of patients with advanced solid malignancies by augmenting effector T cell-mediated immune responses. Studies in mice suggest that anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies may also selectively deplete intratumoral FOXP3+ regulatory T cells via an Fc-dependent mechanism. However, it is unclear whether the depletion of FOXP3+ cells occurs in cancer patients treated with anti-CTLA-4 therapies. Experimental Design: Quantitative immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the densities of intratumoral CD4+, CD8+ and FOXP3+ cells in stage-matched melanoma (N=19), prostate cancer (N=17) and bladder cancer (N=9) samples treated with ipilimumab and in paired melanoma tumors (N=18) treated with tremelimumab. These findings were corroborated with multiparametric mass cytometry analysis of tumor infiltrating cells from paired fresh melanoma tumors (N=5) treated with ipilimumab. Results: Both ipilimumab and tremelimumab increase infiltration of intratumoral CD4+ and CD8+ cells without significantly changing or depleting FOXP3+ cells within the tumor microenvironment. Conclusions: Anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy does not deplete FOXP3+ cells in human tumors, which suggests that their efficacy could be enhanced by modifying the Fc portions of the monoclonal antibodies to enhance Fc-mediated depletion of intratumoral regulatory T cells.
Screening homeless Veterans for a voluntary money management skills training program

This study seeks to examine need, interest, and participation in recovery-oriented, voluntary money-management training groups among homeless Veterans. Veterans experiencing homelessness (N = 213) ...
Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control: PDE Modeling and Stability Analysis*

Connected vehicles are one the most promising technologies for future Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Connected vehicles equipped with Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) algorithm, provide relatively less inter-vehicle distance benefiting traffic throughput and fuel economy. However, some potential issues with connected vehicles have slowed the development and incorporation of this concept into society. These issues include but are not limited to safety, string stability, and velocity perturbation attenuation along the string of the connected vehicles which require urgent solutions. String stability, i.e., the disturbance attenuation along the vehicle string, is considered an essential requirement for the design of the connected vehicles systems. In this paper, we focus on analyzing the string stability of a platoon of connected vehicles in the presence of parametric uncertainties. To this end, we first develop a model for a platoon of connected vehicles equipped with CACC strategy using Partial Differential Equation (PDE) methodology. Next, we analyze the impacts of uncertainties in measurements and controller parameters on the string stability. Simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Interface-driven mechanisms in cubic/noncubic nanolaminates at different scales

Superior structural properties of materials are generally desired in harsh environments, such as elevated temperatures, high rates of impact, and radiation. Composite nanolaminates, built with alternating stacks of crystalline layers, each with nanoscale individual thickness, are proving to exhibit many of these target properties. In principle, the nanolaminate concept can be applied to any two-phase, bimetallic system; however, for a number of reasons, they have been limited to combinations of metals with a cubic crystal structure. There is growing demand to increase the number of advanced materials systems containing noncubic metals, since these metals bear several desirable intrinsic properties. In this article, we cover recent modeling and experimental efforts to understand the complexity in structure, mechanisms, and behavior of noncubic/cubic nanolaminates. We hope this article will facilitate and encourage future studies in this promising area.
Examining Intervention Component Dosage Effects on Substance Use Initiation in the Strengthening Families Program: for Parents and Youth Ages 10-14.

Family-based prevention programs increasingly are being disseminated and can be effective for an array of adolescent problem behaviors, including substance use initiation. Yet, we continue to have little understanding of how and why these programs work. Increased specificity in our understanding of what components drive program effects can facilitate refinement of programs, with potential for greater impact at a lower cost. Using attendance data, previously coded intervention components, and a previously developed propensity model to adjust for potential bias, this study evaluated content component-specific dosage effects of the Strengthening Families Program: for Parents and Youth Ages 10–14 on three substance use initiation outcomes by grade 12. Results indicated that greater dosages of program content related to (a) parental monitoring and behavior management strategies and (b) promoting positive family relationships had potent and robust effects on reduction of risk for initiating drunkenness and marijuana use and (c) self-regulation and stress management had potent and robust effects on reduction of risk for initiating cigarette and marijuana use. Results indicate potential critical components within SFP 10–14 and offer a path forward for continuing work in efforts to optimize this widely disseminated program.
Subjective Memory Complaints in White and African American Participants

Objective:Subjective memory complaints (SMCs) are associated with mild cognitive impairment and dementia but are understudied in African Americans (AAs). We compared SMC endorsement in white and AA...
Songs, Settings, Sociality: Human and Ecological Well-Being in Western Mongolia

In rural Mongolia, local ecosystems support many of the daily life needs of both human and nonhuman populations. Kazakh pastoralists in the westernmost province of Bayan-Olgii, in Mongolia, have established complex relationships with the land. They not only rely on resources for their subsistence but, as ecosystem stewards, they maintain ecological knowledge that is tied to local and regional biodiversity. This study explores how Kazakh pastoralists use locally created songs to express both relationships with the land and a sense of well-being. The social settings for singing and the images in song lyrics that reinforce a sense of place and relationships with resources provide pathways for social transmission of knowledge. This is especially important during this period of ecological, economic, and social change in the region that has ruptured ecosystems and families. Kazakh pastoralists' musical practices linked to pasture resources and activities, resource diversity, and social-ecological resilience are also associated with social learning and coping with transformations that take place in social-ecological systems. The songs provide access to local ecological knowledge that may offer new approaches to understanding notions of more-than-human well-being for scholars working in collaboration with research partners in local and regional settings.
Robustness of NHANES Estimates of the US Prevalence of a Positive Tuberculin Skin Test.

BACKGROUND A single 2-year National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycle is designed to provide accurate and stable estimates of conditions with prevalence of at least 10%. Recent NHANES-based estimates of a tuberculin skin test (TST) ≥10 mm in the noninstitutionalized US civilian population are at most 6.3%. METHODS NHANES included a TST in 1971-1972, 1999-2000, and 2011-2012. We examined the robustness of NHANES-based estimates of the US population prevalence of a skin test ≥10 mm with a bias analysis that considered the influence of non-US birth distributions and within-household skin test results, reclassified borderline-positive results, and adjusted for TST item nonresponse. RESULTS The weighted non-US birth distribution among NHANES participants was similar to that in the overall US population; further adjustment was unnecessary. We found no evidence of bias due to sampling multiple participants per household. Prevalence estimates changed 0.3% with reclassification of borderline-positive TST results and 0.2%-0.3% with adjustment for item nonresponse. CONCLUSIONS For estimating the national prevalence of a TST ≥10 mm during these three survey cycles, a conventional NHANES analysis using the standard participant weights and masked design parameters that are provided in the public-use datasets appears robust. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B636.
‘Quasi per speculum’: vision, vigilance and the natural world in Dhuoda's Liber manualis

From 841 to 843 CE, the Frankish noblewoman Dhuoda wrote a text for her son William that adopted two genres: the handbook and lay mirror. This article argues that vision and vigilance were central ...
3.26 – Cochlear Implants

A cochlear implant is a prosthetic device that activates the auditory nerve directly with electrical pulses to recreate hearing in hearing-impaired individuals. Although the device cannot recreate the complex patterns of neural activation of a normal ear, people with cochlear implants can understand speech well, with a typical patient in 2005 able to converse on the telephone with little difficulty. Understanding speech in noisy listening conditions and appreciation of complex music are still problems for people with cochlear implants.
They Don't See a Lot of People My Color: A Mixed Methods Study of Racial/Ethnic Stereotype Threat Among Medical Students on Core Clerkships.

Purpose Stereotype threat is an important psychological phenomenon in which fear of fulfilling negative stereotypes about one's group impairs performance. The effects of stereotype threat in medical education are poorly characterized. This study examined the prevalence of racial/ethnic stereotype threat amongst fourth-year medical students and explored its impact on students' clinical experience. Method This was an explanatory sequential mixed methods study at 2 institutions in 2019. First, the authors administered the quantitative Stereotype Vulnerability Scale (SVS) to fourth-year medical students. The authors then conducted semistructured interviews among a purposive sample of students with high SVS scores, using a qualitative phenomenographic approach to analyze experiences of stereotype threat. The research team considered reflexivity through group discussion and journaling. Results Overall, 52% (184/353) of students responded to the survey. Collectively, 28% of students had high vulnerability to stereotype threat: 82% of Black, 45% of Asian, 43% of Latinx, and 4% of White students. Eighteen students participated in interviews. Stereotype threat was a dynamic, 3-stage process triggered when students experienced the workplace through the colored lens of race/ethnicity by standing out, reliving past experiences, and witnessing microaggressions. Next, students engaged in internal dialogue to navigate racially charged events and workplace power dynamics. These efforts depleted cognitive resources and interfered with learning. Finally, students responded and coped to withstand threats. Immediate and deferred interventions from allies reduced stereotype threat. Conclusions Stereotype threat is common, particularly among non-White students, and interferes with learning. Increased minority representation and developing evidence-based strategies for allyship around microaggressions could mitigate effects of stereotype threat.
Towards a formal foundation of intermittent computing

Intermittently powered devices enable new applications in harsh or inaccessible environments, such as space or in-body implants, but also introduce problems in programmability and correctness. Researchers have developed programming models to ensure that programs make progress and do not produce erroneous results due to memory inconsistencies caused by intermittent executions. As the technology has matured, more and more features are added to intermittently powered devices, such as I/O. Prior work has shown that all existing intermittent execution models have problems with repeated device or sensor inputs (RIO). RIOs could leave intermittent executions in an inconsistent state. Such problems and the proliferation of existing intermittent execution models necessitate a formal foundation for intermittent computing. In this paper, we formalize intermittent execution models, their correctness properties with respect to memory consistency and inputs, and identify the invariants needed to prove systems correct. We prove equivalence between several existing intermittent systems. To address RIO problems, we define an algorithm for identifying variables affected by RIOs that need to be restored after reboot and prove the algorithm correct. Finally, we implement the algorithm in a novel intermittent runtime system that is correct with respect to input operations and evaluate its performance.
Alcohol and nicotine polygenic scores are associated with the development of alcohol and nicotine use problems from adolescence to young adulthood.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Molecular genetic studies of alcohol and nicotine use have identified many genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci. We measured associations between drinking and smoking polygenic scores (PGS) and trajectories of alcohol and nicotine use outcomes from late childhood to early adulthood, substance-specific versus broader-liability PGS effects, and if PGS performance varied for consumption versus problematic substance use. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND MEASUREMENTS We fitted latent growth curve models with structured residuals to scores on measures of alcohol and nicotine use and problems from ages 14 to 34 years. We then estimated associations between the intercept (initial status) and slope (rate of change) parameters and PGSs for drinks per week (DPW), problematic alcohol use (PAU), cigarettes per day (CPD) and ever being a regular smoker (SMK), controlling for sex and genetic principal components. All data were analyzed in the United States. PGSs were calculated for participants of the Minnesota Twin Family Study (n = 3225) using results from the largest GWAS of alcohol and nicotine consumption and problematic use to date. FINDINGS Each PGS was associated with trajectories of use for their respective substances [i.e. DPW (βmean = 0.08; βrange = 0.02-0.12) and PAU (βmean = 0.12; βrange = -0.02 to -0.31) for alcohol; CPD (βmean = 0.08; βrange = 0.04-0.14) and SMK (βmean = 0.18; βrange = 0.05-0.36) for nicotine]. The PAU and SMK PGSs also exhibited cross-substance associations (i.e. PAU for nicotine-specific intercepts and SMK for alcohol intercepts and slope). All identified SMK PGS effects remained as significant predictors of nicotine and alcohol trajectories (βmean = 0.15; βrange = 0.02-0.33), even after adjusting for the respective effects of all other PGSs. CONCLUSIONS Substance use-related polygenic scores (PGSs) vary in the strength and generality versus specificity of their associations with substance use and problems over time. The regular smoking PGS appears to be a robust predictor of substance use trajectories and seems to measure both nicotine-specific and non-specific genetic liability for substance use, and potentially externalizing problems in general.
Microwave Imaging System for Soft Tissue Imaging of Cancer Patients

In the field of medical imaging, there are many ways to visualize disease pathology in the body. Conventional medical imaging techniques use ionizing radiation, which is harmful to the patient on a cellular level. As more and more imaging tests are being ordered, safer alternatives must be developed to protect the public from these harmful effects. Microwave imaging (MWI) is a novel solution that will produce images while keeping the patient safe from harmful radiation. Lower frequency microwaves are not as harmful to DNA and cellular structures. As a result, a MWI system (MWIS) will be safer for method to acquire medical images. Although this technology has been actively researched for several decades, the proposed design differs in that it will attempt to merge the circular data collection patterns of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging with the reflective nature of radar and ultrasound. Consequently, the proposed system will be able to produce three-dimensional images of the anatomy in a much safer and cheaper manner than conventional imaging methods. As this research is a work in progress, this paper is intended to outline the proposed design as well as current progress of the MWIS.
Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis Pain Syndromes

This chapter covers the following conditions: acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis. This chapter includes drug class, brand/trade names, manufacturer, dosage, indications, contraindications/cautions, adverse effects, drug Interactions, pregnancy advice, lactation safety, relative cost of tramadol, hydromorphone, gabapentin, amitriptyline, duloxetine, octreotide, celiac/splanchnic nerve block.
Integrating social, economic, and environmental risk into flood management of aging dam infrastructure by combining cost-benefit and multi-criteria decision analyses

Abstract. Management planning for aging dam infrastructure is typically conducted through the lens of a traditional cost-benefit analysis, in which flood characteristics are related to implementation costs while lacking endogenous consideration of environmental risks (i.e., pollutant dispersion, habitat disruption) and social impacts (i.e., vulnerability, community buy-in, hazard resiliency). To address this gap, we integrate cost-benefit ratios into a spatial multi-criterion decision analysis framework that amalgamates a suite of social and environmental criteria with stakeholder-defined weights and inundation outputs from standard flood control modelling. We use this framework to assess the costs and trade-offs for eight (8) alternative mitigation strategies associated with the Addicks and Barker Reservoir System in Houston, Texas, USA under extreme rainfall conditions. This case study illustrates how the total effectiveness of flood management scenarios may shift when flood modelling outputs are combined with spatially distributed environmental and social risks. We merge quantitative and qualitative data for high-risk decision-making, thereby fostering stakeholder collaboration amongst conflicting goals.
Addressing the Maintenance of Certification Crisis Calls for Working Together.

![Figure][1] Unless you are part of the 5% of cardiologists who noted in a recent College-wide survey that they are “not at all familiar” with the new Maintenance of Certification (MOC) requirements from the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM), you have undoubtedly heard about
Towards an Integrated Analytical Technology for the Generation of Multidimensional Protein Expression Maps

A proteome has been defined as the protein complement expressed by the genome of an organism, or, in multicellular organisms, as the protein complement expressed by a tissue or differentiated cell [1]. In the most commonly used approach to proteome analysis the proteins extracted from the cell or tissue to be analyzed are separated by high resolution two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE), detected in the gel by staining or, if radiolabeled, by autoradiography, and identified by their amino acid sequence. The ease, sensitivity and speed with which gel separated proteins can be identified by the use of recently developed mass spectrometric techniques (MS) has led to a dramatic increase in interest in proteome studies (reviewed in [2]). One of the most attractive features of such analyses is that complex biological systems can potentially be studied as complete systems, rather than as a conglomerate of individual components.
Regulation of Calcium Transport in Rat Hippocampal Mitochondria Cduring Development and Following Denervation

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the experimental data indicating that calcium transport in mitochondria is tightly linked to pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity and then describes the effects of certain types of denervation (which cause dendritic atrophy) on this enzyme and mitochondrial calcium transport. The chapter also present data indicating that the regulation of mitochondrial calcium transport changes dramatically during the development and suggests that mitochondria in immature brain possess biochemical mechanisms to provide energy sources to fuel calcium transport that are absent in the adult. The possibility that these might be involved in the different responses of the brain to injury or other insults found at different ages are discussed. PDH activity is regulated by a multiplicity of factors, including a phosphorylation-dephosphorylation reaction, which itself is dependent on calcium concentration. The studies clearly show that the rate and extent of calcium transport are critically dependent on the state of phosphorylation of PDH.
Relationships between parents' child-rearing attitudes and the jumping and throwing performance of their preschool children.

Abstract In this study of parental influences on the motor development of preschool children, the relationships between jumping and throwing performance and parents' child-rearing attitudes were assessed. Maryland Parental Attitude Survey scores were collected from the parents of 58 white, middle-class three-, four-, and five-year-old children. Permissive, indulgent home environments (characterized by low disciplinarian, high indulgent, and high protective child-rearing attitudes) were positively associated with superior throwing skill. Increased jumping skill was associated with higher maternal discipline.
Growth of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Waste Waters of Vegetable-Processing Plants

Waters used in washing, blanching, cooling, and conveying vegetables during processing for freezing were filtered, sterilized, and inoculated with Streptococcus faecalis, S. lactis, or Lactobacillus plantarum. The contents of total nitrogen and total solids were determined, and ninhydrin tests and Benedict's tests for reducing sugars were performed. Substances positive to the ninyhydrin tests and also capable of supporting the growth of the bacteria to high levels of population were found in waters used to blanch cut green beans, but not in the cooling or conveying waters. They were found only in waters following slicing of blanched whole beans. They were also present in waters used in processing purple hull peas at all stages, but only in the waters used to blanch and cool lima beans. The substances were present in waters used to wash and blanch squash, but only in the waters used to blanch greens; they were not found in the cooling waters during the handling of either vegetable. No waters used in the processing of okra yielded a positive ninhydrin test, nor did they support the growth of the lactic acid bacteria.
Coupling of charging and faradaic processes

Summary Coupling between double-layer charing and a faradaic process is examined in a very general way for an electrode at which a charge transfer reaction takes place. it is shown that coupling follow directly from the general forms of the equations describing the effect of an external perturbation on the charging and faradaic processes. It is not necessary to introduce the concept of charge separation or recombination at the interface. The electrode admittance is derived and discussed for reversible processes (infinite exchange current). Six double-layer parameters are required in the analysis.
Inhibition of gill (Na+ + K+)-ATPase in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) by a purinedisulfide analog of adenosine triphosphate.

The effect of the adenosine triphosphate analog, 6,6′-dithiobis(inosinyl imidodiphosphate), (sIMP-PNP)2, was tested on the ouabain-sensitive (Na+ + K+)-ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) and the ouabain-insensitive Mg2+-ATPase in microsomes prepared from gill tissue of sea water-adapted rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. The (Na+ + K+)-ATPase was completely inhibited by low concentrations of (sIMP-PNP)2 (6 μM) but the Mg2+-ATPase was unaffected by the inhibitor at concentrations as high as 28 μM, supporting the suggestion that the two activities represent separate enzymes. The specificity of inactivation could be demonstrated both at a physiological temperature (13°C) and at 37°C. The rates of inactivation were similar at both temperatures. Inactivation of the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase by (sIMP-PNP)2 was reversed by dithiothreitol, suggesting that the inhibitor forms a mixed disulfide with sulfhydryl groups on the enzyme. The inability of substrate (either ATP or its analog, adenyl-5′-yl imidodiphosphate) to protect against inactivation suggest that (sIMP-PNP)2 is reacting with sulfhydryl groups which are not associated with the active site.
The Economics of Agriculture in Africa: Notes Toward a Research Program

Why are agricultural yields so low and growing so slowly in Africa? Using simple models, this paper proposes a research program to uncover the reasons for the low levels of input intensity and slow pace of technological innovation in African agriculture. Attention is focused on the relative prices of output and factors of production, credit constraints, imperfect insurance, learning externalities and insecure property rights. A set of research projects is proposed to examine these hypothesized sources of low and slow growing productivity.
Sound velocities for hexagonally close‐packed iron compressed hydrostatically to 136 GPa from phonon density of states

[1] The phonon density of states of pure iron (57Fe) was measured under hydrostatic conditions using nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (NRIXS) at pressures up to 136 GPa. Extracting shear (Vs) and compressional (Vp) wave speeds from the Debye velocity and equation of state, we find the hydrostatic shear wave speed trend above previously collected NRIXS data under nonhydrostatic conditions by roughly 5%–6% in the measured pressure range. Using the Birch Murnaghan finite strain approach to fit pressure-dependent adiabatic bulk and shear moduli, we extrapolated our velocities to inner Earth core densities and found that our shear wave speeds are 3% higher than those in previous studies. Our results on pure iron provide a more accurate and precise baseline to which added complications (e.g., Ni concentration, inclusion of various light elements, and temperature effects) can be considered when comparing experimental elasticity measurements to inner core seismic data.
Motivating Golf Employees in Southwest Florida

Golf course communities are established to serve the needs of their members. However, the number of golfers in the United States has decreased from 30.6 million in 2005 to 25.7 million in 2011. This poses a real threat to the golf industry. Since employees deliver this service to members, human resource management and employee job satisfaction and motivation becomes paramount. The purpose of this study was to ascertain job satisfaction at golf facilities in Southwest Florida and to determine possible areas for improving job satisfaction in order to enhance organizational outcomes and golfer retention. While the research demonstrated overall job satisfaction was high, job interest among the lower skilled employees was low. A series of job enrichment strategies were recommended to improve job satisfaction among lower skilled employees.
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of Spinal-Fluid Proteins

Twenty-three control samples of CSF were analyzed by vertical column electrophoresis on acrylamide gel. Quantitation results using a microdensitometer are presented. The normal protein pattern shows 15 constant bands which coincide in mobility and in many cases in staining pattern with serum proteins. The haptoglobin peaks, except for the band of the 1-1 type and the leading band of the 2-1 type were not seen in control fluids.
Applications of nano-satellites and cube-satellites in microwave and RF domain

This paper presents an overview of microwave technologies for Small Satellites including NanoSats and CubeSats. In addition, examples of space communication technology demonstration projects using CubeSats are presented. Furthermore, examples of miniature instruments for Earth science measurements are discussed.
NGF, bFGF AND CNTF increase survival of major pelvic ganglion neurons cultured from the adult rat

The responsiveness of cultured major pelvic ganglion (MPG) neurons, isolated from adult rats, to nerve growth factor (NGF), basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF) and ciliary neuronotrophic factor (CNTF) was tested using in vitro survival assay. MPG neurons respond to NGF with increased survival (+35 +/- 13.3%, mean +/- S.E.), a response completely blocked by antibodies specific to NGF. bFGF (+85 +/- 9.6%) and CNTF (+10.5 +/- 0.5%) also augment survival of MPG neurons in vitro. The effect of bFGF was partially blocked by bFGF antibody. Anti-NGF antibody reduced neuronal survival by 25 +/- 4.1% in conditioned medium from cultures of bladder smooth muscle, suggesting bladder produces NGF. Combining antibodies against NGF and bFGF reduced survival by 19 +/- 0.5% in medium supplemented with bladder extracts, suggesting the extracts contain neurotrophic activity in addition to NGF. These results support the hypothesis that neurons regulating bladder function respond to NGF and other growth factors. Therefore, previously documented changes in bladder neurotrophic factors following hypertrophy, inflammation and injury may elicit growth or change in the autonomic nervous system.
ABUNDANCES OF THE ELEMENTS IN SHARP-LINED EARLY-TYPE STARS FROM IUE HIGH-DISPERSION SPECTROGRAMS. II. THE NITROGEN DEFICIENCY IN MERCURY-MANGANESE STARS

We determine nitrogen abundances from co-added IUE high-dispersion SWP spectrograms of four HgMn stars and five normal or superficially normal main-sequence B and A stars. We find N deficiencies in the HgMn stars greater than previously reported (depletion factors of 135-400 relative to the Sun). N abundance discrepancies from UV and IR studies of normal stars are discussed in light of possible non-LTE effects. Our data set for our sample of HgMn stars (observed with a consistent strategy to maximize the benefits of co-additions) is an improvement over the single or few images previously used to derive N abundances for most of these stars.
Conditional deletion of β1-integrin from the developing lens leads to loss of the lens epithelial phenotype

β1-integrins are cell surface receptors that participate in sensing the cell’s external environment. We used the Cre-lox system to delete β1-integrin in all lens cells as the lens vesicle transitions into the lens. Adult mice lacking β1-integrin in the lens are microopthalmic due to apoptosis of the lens epithelium and neonatal disintegration of the lens fibers. The first morphological alterations in β1integrin null lenses are seen at 16.5 dpc when the epithelium becomes disorganized and begins to upregulate the fiber cell markers β- and γ-crystallin, the transcription factors cMaf and Prox1 and down regulate Pax6 levels demonstrating that β1-integrin is essential to maintain the lens epithelial phenotype. Further, β1-integrin null lens epithelial cells upregulate the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and nuclear Smad4 and downregulate Smad6 suggesting that β1-integrin may brake TGFβ family signaling leading to epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in the lens. In contrast, β1integrin null lens epithelial cells show increased E-cadherin immunoreactivity which supports the proposed role of β1-integrins in mediating complete EMT in response to TGFβ family members. Thus, β1-integrin is required to maintain the lens epithelial phenotype and block inappropriate activation of some aspects of the lens fiber cell differentiation program.
A Response Regulator from a Soil Metagenome Enhances Resistance to the β-Lactam Antibiotic Carbenicillin in Escherichia coli

Functional metagenomic analysis of soil metagenomes is a method for uncovering as-yet unidentified mechanisms for antibiotic resistance. Here we report an unconventional mode by which a response regulator derived from a soil metagenome confers resistance to the β-lactam antibiotic carbenicillin in Escherichia coli. A recombinant clone (βlr16) harboring a 5,169 bp DNA insert was selected from a metagenomic library previously constructed from a remote Alaskan soil. The βlr16 clone conferred specific resistance to carbenicillin, with limited increases in resistance to other tested antibiotics, including other β-lactams (penicillins and cephalosporins), rifampin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, fusidic acid, and gentamicin. Resistance was more pronounced at 24°C than at 37°C. Zone-of-inhibition assays suggested that the mechanism of carbenicillin resistance was not due to antibiotic inactivation. The DNA insert did not encode any genes known to confer antibiotic resistance, but did have two putative open reading frames (ORFs) that were annotated as a metallopeptidase and a two-component response regulator. Transposon mutagenesis and subcloning of the two ORFs followed by phenotypic assays showed that the response regulator gene was necessary and sufficient to confer the resistance phenotype. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR showed that the response regulator suppressed expression of the ompF porin gene, independently of the small RNA regulator micF, and enhanced expression of the acrD, mdtA, and mdtB efflux pump genes. This work demonstrates that antibiotic resistance can be achieved by the modulation of gene regulation by heterologous DNA. Functional analyses such as these can be important for making discoveries in antibiotic resistance gene biology and ecology.
Intense laser flux effects on GaAs

Surface damage measurements on GaAs for pulsed laser flux at 0.694 μm, 1.06 μm, and 10.6 μm are presented. The damage threshold is seen to increase with the flux wavelength and decrease with increasing pulse duration. Other experiments were performed which indicated that the initial effect of the laser beam is to produce expansion of the bulk material and that the interband Faraday rotation at 1.06 μm is not dependent on laser intensity.
Meta-analysis finds that peer-mediated and video-modeling social skills interventions are effective for children with autism, but caution is urged in interpreting the results

This review provides a summary and appraisal commentary on the treatment review by Wang, S., Cui, Y., & Parrila, R. (2011). Examining the effectiveness of peer-mediated and video-modeling social skills interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis in single-case research using HLM. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5, 562–569. Source of funding and disclosure of interest: The authors of the original study did not report any sources of funding or conflict of interests.
An Analytic Generalization of the Rogers-Ramanujan Identities for Odd Moduli

A (k - 1)-fold Eulerian series expansion is given for II(1 - qn)-1, where the product runs over all positive integers n that are not congruent to 0,i or - i modulo 2k + 1. The Rogers-Ramanujan identities are the cases k = i = 2 and k = i + 1 = 2.