cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of selective oestrogen receptor modulators in the treatment of endometrial bleeding in women using long-acting progestin contraception

This paper explores the concept that endometrial breakthrough bleeding results from the stimulatory effects of oestrogen in the endometrium. Though 'progestin-only' contraceptive regimens have long been associated with user dissatisfaction because of unpredictable vaginal bleeding, it is likely that the substantial contribution of endogenous ovarian oestradiol during such treatments predisposes the bleeding problems. Oestrogen causes endometrial proliferation, hyperplasia and neoplasia if unopposed. Oestrogen allows production of growth factors supporting angiogenesis which results in an abundance of dilated or fragile endothelial surface blood vessels, predisposing this tissue to bleeding when these vessels lose competence.
Millimeter-wave voltage-controlled oscillators in 0.13-/spl mu/m CMOS technology

This paper describes the design of CMOS millimeter-wave voltage controlled oscillators. Varactor, transistor, and inductor designs are optimized to reduce the parasitic capacitances. An investigation of tradeoff between quality factor and tuning range for MOS varactors at 24 GHz has shown that the polysilicon gate lengths between 0.18 and 0.24 /spl mu/m result both good quality factor (>12) and C/sub max//C/sub min/ ratio (/spl sim/3) in the 0.13-/spl mu/m CMOS process used for the study. The components were utilized to realize a VCO operating around 60 GHz with a tuning range of 5.8 GHz. A 99-GHz VCO with a tuning range of 2.5 GHz, phase noise of -102.7 dBc/Hz at 10-MHz offset and power consumption of 7-15mW from a 1.5-V supply and a 105-GHz VCO are also demonstrated. This is the CMOS circuit with the highest fundamental operating frequency. The lumped element approach can be used even for VCOs operating near 100-GHz and it results a smaller circuit area.
Spontaneously hypertensive rats exhibit altered cardiovascular and neuronal responses to muscle contraction.

We examined the cardiovascular and ventrolateral medullary neuronal responses to muscle contraction in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY) control. Cardiovascular, respiratory and ventrolateral medullary neuronal responses to muscle contraction evoked by tibia1 nerve stimulation were recorded. SHRs exhibited significantly larger drops in arterial pressure compared to WKYs in response to muscle contraction (P C 0.05). Basal ventrolateral medulla neuronal discharge rates were similar between the SHR and the WKY groups. A majority of neurons recorded responded to muscle contraction in both the WKY (77 YO; n = 53) and the SHR groups (68 YO; n = 62). There was no difference in the percentage of neurons that responded with an increase (-60 YO) or decrease (-40 "At) in fwing rate between hypertensive and normotensive rats. Pulse wave-triggered averaging techniques showed that most neurons that responded to muscle contraction also possessed a basal fhg rhythm temporally related to the cardiac cycle (85% in WKYs, 83% in SHRs). However, decreases in neuronal fwing rates in response to muscle contraction were significantly greater in SHRs than WKYs. Therefore, we conclude that muscle contraction unmasks a hyperexcitability of neurons in the ventrolateral medulla of SHRs that parallels the heightened blood pressure responses. Experimental Physiology (2001) 86.6,717-724. Human essential hypertension is a major causative risk factor for organ damage, stroke and heart disease. The
An unusual case of endotracheal tube cuff dysfunction

We report an unusual case of endotracheal tube obstruction secondary to alteration of the preoperative fasting period. A patient scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting had been instructed to take nothing by mouth except scheduled medication with sips of water prior to surgery. Induction of anesthesia and tracheal intubation were accomplished without incident. However, ventilation was impaired by a nonfunctional endotracheal tube cuff. Various maneuvers (e.g., inflation and deflation of the cuff and advancement of the tube) were attempted without success. When the tube was removed, we found an adherent mass of chewing gum. The patient's trachea was reintubated, and surgery proceeded uneventfully. We believe that the mass of gum caused enough deviation of the endotracheal tube to impair ventilation. The safety of preoperative gum chewing and liquid ingestion is discussed. Other incidents of anesthetic problems caused by modification of the traditional preoperative fast are highlighted.
Transcriptome and Phenotypic Responses of Vibrio cholerae to Increased Cyclic di-GMP Level

ABSTRACT Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, is a facultative human pathogen with intestinal and aquatic life cycles. The capacity of V. cholerae to recognize and respond to fluctuating parameters in its environment is critical to its survival. In many microorganisms, the second messenger, 3′,5′-cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP), is believed to be important for integrating environmental stimuli that affect cell physiology. Sequence analysis of the V. cholerae genome has revealed an abundance of genes encoding proteins with either GGDEF domains, EAL domains, or both, which are predicted to modulate cellular c-di-GMP concentrations. To elucidate the cellular processes controlled by c-di-GMP, whole-genome transcriptome responses of the El Tor and classical V. cholerae biotypes to increased c-di-GMP concentrations were determined. The results suggest that V. cholerae responds to an elevated level of c-di-GMP by increasing the transcription of the vps, eps, and msh genes and decreasing that of flagellar genes. The functions of other c-di-GMP-regulated genes in V. cholerae are yet to be identified.
Expression of the Coxsackie Adenovirus Receptor in Normal Prostate and in Primary and Metastatic Prostate Carcinoma: Potential Relevance to Gene Therapy

Adenovirus-based gene therapy may provide an alternative mode of treatment for prostate cancer, especially for late-stage and androgen-independent disease for which there is currently no effective treatment. Efficient adenovirus infection of target cells depends upon the presence of the coxsackie adenovirus cell surface receptor, CAR, which is the primary receptor for group C adenoviruses and is important for the attachment of adenovirus to the cell membrane. To evaluate the potential efficacy of adenoviral therapy for prostate cancer, we evaluated CAR expression in normal prostate tissue and in prostate carcinoma of increasing Gleason grades in paraffin-embedded, archival tissues using a polyclonal antibody raised against human CAR. Immunohistochemical analysis of benign prostate epithelia demonstrated intense luminal and lateral cell membrane staining. There was a statistically significant difference in CAR membrane expression with respect to Gleason score. In addition, metastatic prostate specimens demonstrated strong membrane staining for CAR. Adenovirus therapy may, therefore, provide an alternate modality in the treatment of prostate cancer and may be especially efficacious in the treatment of metastatic disease.
Observations of the semidiurnal internal tide on the southern California slope and shelf

[1] We give a detailed description of the semidiurnal-band current and temperature variability observed during the Internal Waves on the Continental Margin (IWAVES) field experiments of 1996 and 1997 off of Mission Beach, California. This variability was dominated by the internal tide, and the structure of the internal tide on the slope and shelfbreak region was different from that on the narrow shelf. On the slope and shelfbreak, the internal tide was dominated by alongshore propagating coastal-trapped waves. In this region, semidiurnal-band currents were predominantly oriented in the alongshore direction. In the lower half of the water column at a water depth H of 350 m, current and temperature variability were consonant with a short wavelength (∼8 km) bottom trapped wave propagating in the alongshore direction to the north. In the upper 120 m of the water column (above the depth of the shelfbreak), slope and shelfbreak currents were highly coherent with a zero phase lag; that is, there was no phase propagation in the cross-shore direction. On the narrow (∼10 km) shelf, cross-shore currents u were much more energetic than on the slope and had the structure of a mode-one internal wave. The alongshore currents v decreased monotonically from the surface to the bottom of the water column with a phase that did not change with depth. The near-bottom u signal propagated toward the coast during all mooring deployments, faster in the summer than in the fall. The near-bottom u and mid-column temperature relative phase was neither consistent with a purely progressive nor a purely standing mode-one internal wave. We conclude that the internal tide on the shelf was partially reflected.
Excess returns and official intervention: some cross country evidence

This paper presents a simple model of foreign exchange market intervention which shows that such intervention introduces positive structure into exchange rate changes Evidence linking this structure to observable filter rule profits is also provided.
Physically synthesized Ni-Cu nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia

In this paper, a physical method to prepare copper-nickel alloy particles in the sub-micron range for possible self controlled magnetic hyperthermia treatment of cancer is described. It is reported that an increase in tumor temperature decreases the tumor resistance to chemo- and radiation therapies. Self controlled heating at the tumor site to avoid spot heating is managed by controlling the Curie temperature of the magnetic particles. The process described in this paper to produce the nanomagnetic particles allows for a large scale production of these particles. The process used here is mainly composed of melting of the Cu-Ni mixture and ball milling of the resulted bulk alloy. Both mechanical abrasion and continuous grinding were used to break down the bulk amount into the desired particle size. It was found that the desired alloy is composed of 71% nickel and 29% copper by weight. It was observed that the coarse sand-grinded powder has a Curie temperature of 345 K and the fine ball-milled powder shows a temperature of 319 K – 320 K. Self regulating magnetic hyperthermia can be achieved by synthesizing nanomagnetic particles with desired Curie temperature. In this study the desired range of Curie temperatures was obtained by combination of melting and ball milling of nickel-copper alloy.
Relevance and feasibility of multi-parameter assessment for management of mass casualties from a radiological event

OBJECTIVE: Local, regional, and federal response teams play an integrated role in the early management of mass casualties from a radiologic incident. Evaluation of individuals exposed to ionizing radiation requires an assessment of clinical signs and symptoms and an estimation of radiation dose. Here, we determine the relevance and feasibility of multi-parameter assessment for management of mass casualties from a radiological event. METHOD: An assessment of the value of signs and symptoms and of individual biological dosimetry is made. To determine the feasibility of applying dosimetric data in a mass casualty event, a survey was conducted of the 32 clinical laboratories meeting criteria in the State of Connecticut. Following completion of a training program, a functional drill was conducted to determine efficacy of training and proficiency of sample preparation for the cytogenetic bioassay. RESULTS: Based upon reliability and timeliness of clinical information and dosimetric data, it is evident that both forms of data should be provided in a mass casualty scenario. A needs assessment of clinical laboratories in Connecticut identified 30 of 32 clinical laboratories that were qualified and willing to perform initial processing of biodosimetry specimens. Currently, 79 laboratory professionals in 19 of the qualified clinical laboratories were trained in specimen processing. Of these individuals, 37 participated in a functional drill that demonstrated an acceptable cell viability (>95%) and turnaround time for samples (199 minutes). CONCLUSION: Multi-parameter assessment provides useful information to clinicians caring for mass casualties from a radiological event. Assessment of individual radiation dose by the cytogenetic bioassay is made more feasible by building clinical laboratory surge capacity. Language: en
A hybrid immersed boundary and material point method for simulating 3D fluid–structure interaction problems

A numerical method is developed for solving the 3D, unsteady, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in curvilinear coordinates containing immersed boundaries (IBs) of arbitrary geometrical complexity moving and deforming under forces acting on the body. Since simulations of flow in complex geometries with deformable surfaces require special treatment, the present approach combines a hybrid immersed boundary method (HIBM) for handling complex moving boundaries and a material point method (MPM) for resolving structural stresses and movement. This combined HIBM & MPM approach is presented as an effective approach for solving fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems. In the HIBM, a curvilinear grid is defined and the variable values at grid points adjacent to a boundary are forced or interpolated to satisfy the boundary conditions. The MPM is used for solving the equations of solid structure and communicates with the fluid through appropriate interface-boundary conditions. The governing flow equations are discretized on a non-staggered grid layout using second-order accurate finite-difference formulas. The discrete equations are integrated in time via a second-order accurate dual time stepping, artificial compressibility scheme. Unstructured, triangular meshes are employed to discretize the complex surface of the IBs. The nodes of the surface mesh constitute a set of Lagrangian control points used for tracking the motion of the flexible body. The equations of the solid body are integrated in time via the MPM. At every instant in time, the influence of the body on the flow is accounted for by applying boundary conditions at stationary curvilinear grid nodes located in the exterior but in the immediate vicinity of the body by reconstructing the solution along the local normal to the body surface. The influence of the fluid on the body is defined through pressure and shear stresses acting on the surface of the body. The HIBM & MPM approach is validated for FSI problems by solving for a falling rigid and flexible sphere in a fluid-filled channel. The behavior of a capsule in a shear flow was also examined. Agreement with the published results is excellent.
Ethnicity and body image: quantitative and qualitative analysis.

Objective Cultural diversity in body image has been studied elsewhere. In this study, we extend previous research by inclusion of (1) multiple ethnic groups for comparison and (2) measures for the assessment of multiple dimensions of body image. Method: Participants were college students who self-identified as African, Asian, Caucasian, or Hispanic-American. Quantitative measures of weight-related body image and general appearance body image were included. General body image was also assessed qualitatively. Results: Caucasian and Hispanic-Americans showed more weight-related body image disturbance than African-Americans and Asian-Americans. African-Americans had the most positive general appearance body image. Ethnic groups were generally similar in their ideal body image traits but some differences occurred for the valuing of skin color and breast size. Discussion: This study highlights the importance of studying multiple ethnic groups with multiple measures, rather than simply comparing non-Caucasians to Caucasians on weight-related body image. © 1998 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 23:153–159, 1998.
Dependencies between Student State and Speech Recognition Problems in Spoken Tutoring Dialogues

Speech recognition problems are a reality in current spoken dialogue systems. In order to better understand these phenomena, we study dependencies between speech recognition problems and several higher level dialogue factors that define our notion of student state: frustration/anger, certainty and correctness. We apply Chi Square (X2) analysis to a corpus of speech-based computer tutoring dialogues to discover these dependencies both within and across turns. Significant dependencies are combined to produce interesting insights regarding speech recognition problems and to propose new strategies for handling these problems. We also find that tutoring, as a new domain for speech applications, exhibits interesting tradeoffs and new factors to consider for spoken dialogue design.
GAB2—a Scaffolding Protein in Cancer

Adaptor or scaffolding proteins mediate protein-protein interactions that drive the formation of protein complexes. Grb2-associated binding protein 2 (GAB2) scaffolding protein is an intermediary molecule that links plasma membrane receptor signaling including receptor tyrosine kinases with the downstream effectors, such as protein tyrosine phosphatase, nonreceptor type 11 (SHP2), p85 subunit of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3-K), phospholipase C-gamma 1 (PLC-γ), v-crk sarcoma virus CT10 (CRK), Src homology 2 domain containing transforming protein 1 (SHC), and SH2 containing inositol phosphatase (SHIP). Although, well described in signal transduction, its role in cancer has recently been emerging especially in leukemia, breast and ovarian cancer, and melanoma. GAB2 is essential for two major signal transduction pathways in cancer, the PI3-K-AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways, and thus regulates a number of key cellular processes. This review focuses on structure and function of GAB2, its regulatory proteins, emerging role in cancer, and potential as a therapeutic target.
Conclusion: Digital Art as a Platform of Articulation

This book has shown how digital art can enable globalisation to be experienced on an individual level. Through an examination of diverse case studies, it has revealed how digital art can act as a critical voice that encourages dialogues centred on individual experiences and responses. Through iterative conversations this text has explored how globalisation and digital art can ‘speak’ to each other, and provide ways of seeing each phenomenon as an experiential, particular and essentially human construct.
The operative repair of chronic nontraumatic extensor tendon subluxations in the hand.

Abstract The authors study the literature and the surgical treatment in chronic nonrheumatoid cases. Their technique employs one-half of the extensor digitorum communis tendon as a tether on the central extensor tendon, recentralizing it over the metacarpophalangeal joint.
TRADITIONAL THERAPY FITS TRADITIONAL WOMANHOOD

The dynamics of the therapeutic relationship includes a more dependent, suffering individual who seeks assistance from a stronger, more independent, non-suffering individual. Bardwick (1) writes that women are traditionally dependent, sensitive and have an interpersonal orientation. These characteristics seem similar to those of the client's role in therapy. If women are believed to possess personality orientations congruent with the therapeutic situation, they might be more likely to seek treatment and be expected to have a greater likeli
Gut Lactase Activity: Decrease During Salmonella Typhimurium Infection in Mice

SummarySix-week-old CFl female mice were challenged per os with an LD50 dose of S. typhimurium (TmW). Following infection, small bowel disaccharidase activities were determined in surviving animals at varying time intervals over a 28-day period. Maltase and sucrase activities were not significantly altered. However, gut lactase activity, specific and total, was reduced approximately 50%, 7 to 10 days postinfection and returned to normal levels 21 to 28 days postinfection.
Knowledge of Infectious Disease Reporting amongst Military and Civilian Medical Officers

Anecdotally expressed concern over the military/civilian interface regarding infectious disease notification, and the current review of procedures in both civilian and military settings prompted this study. Its aim was to quantify knowledge of doctors involved in the provision of care to Army personnel and their dependants in the United Kingdom regarding infectious disease reporting and make recommendations to improve the process. A questionnaire was sent to all such military and civilian doctors in the Southern Military District of England. The group was no less knowledgeable than others studied previously. Differences were found in the knowledge of reporting procedures between civilian and military doctors, with military hospital doctors demonstrating particularly poor knowledge. It is recommended that specific instruction on all aspects of infectious disease reporting be given to doctors joining the Army and to civilian GPs involved in care of the Military.
Enzymatic determination of glucose-6-phosphate in tissue extracts containing glutathione and other interfering substances.

SummaryA method is described for measurement of glucose-6-phosphate in tissue extracts by use of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Interference resulting from contamination of this enzyme with glutathione reductase was abolished by addition of a mixture of HgCl2 and glutathione. Hexokinase, another contaminating enzyme which interfered with the determination, was inhibited by removing Mg ion. Phosphoglucomutase and phosphoglucoseisomerase were not present in significant amounts.The authors are grateful to Dr. Carl F. Cori for encouragement and advice, and thank Drs. Robert K. Crane for a preparation of fructose-6-phosphate and David H. Brown for glucose-1,6-diphosphate.
Design of Farm Product Archives Management System Based on UML

Farm product archives are the fundamental datum to enhance farm product quality, improve production and improve attached value. It is very import that administering the archives effectively with computer for controlling the product course and ascending the product quality. This paper introduces applied manner of software developing process with UML and designs the farm product archives management system using the manner. The model of analysis, design, achievement and test is established with a variety of diagrams. Furthermore, the framework of farm product archives is grasped explicitly. Finally, the base of system is set up with UML.
Thick-film MEMS thermoelectric sensor fabricated using a thermally assisted lift-off process

This paper presents a thick-film microelectromechanical systems thermoelectric sensor fabricated by a low-temperature thermally assisted lift-off process. During the process, thick metal or semiconductor films experience controlled breakup due to thermal reflow of the underlying lithographically defined photoresist patterns, thereby facilitating the sacrificial removal of the photoresist. This enables rapid and reliable patterning of thick films that can otherwise be difficult to achieve by conventional processes. Experimental results with a sensor consisting of a 60-junction thick-film antimony–bismuth thermopile demonstrate an electric conductivity of 5.44×106 S/m and a Seebeck coefficient of 114 μV/K per junction, which are comparable to those obtained from bulk materials. Thus, the thick-film sensor can potentially allow low-noise, high-efficiency thermoelectric measurements.
L- and D- methionine provide equivalent long term protection against CDDP-induced ototoxicity in vivo, with partial in vitro and in vivo retention of antineoplastic activity

Treatment of metastatic tumors with ionic platinum compounds is hampered by the potent nephrotoxic, ototoxic and neurotoxic properties of these drugs. Recent studies have shown that sulfur-containing antioxidants relieve the dose limiting side effects of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP), the most commonly used ionic platinum therapy. Here we report that both isomers of the sulfur-containing antioxidant methionine (MET) completely block the in vivo ototoxic and nephrotoxic effects of CDDP, and the duration of MET otoprotection is longer than has been previously reported. Rats treated with either L- or D-MET in addition to CDDP exhibited no signs of auditory system damage after 7 days, as evaluated by the auditory brainstem response and scanning electron microscopic examination of the organ of Corti, while CDDP-treated rats exhibited pronounced evidence of ototoxic damage after only 3 days. Microscopic examination of kidney tissue revealed moderate to severe nephrotoxic damage to CDDP-treated rats after 5 days, while rats co-treated with either MET isomer showed no evidence of kidney damage. Mortality among CDDP-treated subjects increased steadily over the period of the study, while all of the MET-protected rats survived. Finally, the efficacy of CDDP in the presence of L- or D-MET was evaluated in vitro using cultures of MTLN-3 breast tumor cell lines, and in vivo using implanted MTLN-3 tumors. Both L- and D-MET reduced the ability of CDDP to kill tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, however, our data suggest that a higher proportion of the antineoplastic activity of CDDP is retained in the presence of L- MET.
Survey of Hawaii physicians' attitudes on health care reform.

Hawaii is more important in health care that its size suggests. It is the first state in the U.S. to have mandated employer-funded health insurance for all workers, and to realize near universal coverage for residents. Because of that, the U.S. can benefit from the experience of those who deliver health services to the people of Hawaii. To determine some of the problems in the current system and what physicians see as solutions, a study of the attitudes and experiences of local physicians was conducted.
Task Analysis, Task Allocation and Supervisory Control

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the analysis and the allocation of tasks to computers and to humans. Often, it is naively assumed that tasks may be broken into independent elements and then assigned to either computer or human, based on accepted criteria. The chapter clarifies why this is not realistic in the case of computer interaction. The chapter discusses a form of human-computer allocation ideally suited for complex, emerging human-machine systems–namely, supervisory control. Supervisory control provides a continuum of different mixes of human and computer for performing tasks, which makes clear why human-computer task allocation may change radically with time and/or circumstance. Task allocation is generally taken to mean the assignment of various tasks that need to be done to resources, instruments, or agents capable of doing them or the allocation of such resources to tasks, which is equivalent. Task allocation is an inherent part of system design. Task analysis means the breakdown of overall tasks, as given, into their elements and the specification of how these elements relate to one another in space and time and functional relation. This chapter concerns especially with the allocation of relatively complex tasks—ones necessarily involving sensing, remembering, decision-making, and acting—that use human and machine resources available and capable of performing these functions.
Electricity Theft Detection and Localization in Grid-Tied Microgrids

While operating in three different modes with bi-directional power flow, electricity theft detection, and localization in a grid-tied microgrid (MG) become challenging tasks, particularly when the occurrence rate of the theft and its frequency patterns are random. To address this problem, a stochastic Petri net formalism is used in this paper to detect and localize the occurrence of theft in grid-tied MGs. The disturbance at any instance of time in the form of resistance above a threshold in the accumulated data of a smart meter, irrespective of the mode of operation, triggers a transition assigned to the arc, which alerts the transmission module. The affected transition and suspected user information are forwarded to the meter data management system (MDMS) for localization of the theft. A smart meter forwards its readings to the MDMS only when a theft is detected; otherwise readings are sent outside an MG once or twice a day depending on utility regulations. This low sampling rate significantly improves the overall privacy of customers. For line resistance measurement in the MG, singular value decomposition is used. In experiments, it calculates the technical and non-technical losses with 100% accuracy without knowing the exact topology of the power distribution network.
Factors affecting the diffusion of online end user literature searching.

Abstract OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify factors that affect diffusion of usage of online end user literature searching. Fifteen factors clustered into three attribute sets (innovation attributes, organizational attributes, and marketing attributes) were measured to study their effect on the diffusion of online searching within institutions. METHODS: A random sample of sixty-seven academic health sciences centers was selected and then 1,335 library and informatics staff members at those institutions were surveyed by mail with electronic mail follow-up. Multiple regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: The survey yielded a 41% response rate with electronic mail follow-up being particularly effective. Two dependent variables, internal diffusion (spread of diffusion) and infusion (depth of diffusion), were measured. There was little correlation between them, indicating they measured different things. Fifteen independent variables clustered into three attribute sets were measured. The innovation attributes set was significant for both internal diffusion and infusion. Significant individual variables were visibility for internal diffusion and image enhancement effects (negative relation) as well as visibility for infusion (depth of diffusion). Organizational attributes were also significant predictors for both dependent variables. No individual variables were significant for internal diffusion. Communication, management support (negative relation), rewards, and existence of champions were significant for infusion. Marketing attributes were not significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Successful diffusion of online end user literature searching is dependent on the visibility of the systems, communication among, rewards to, and peers of possible users who promote use (champions). Personal image enhancement effects have a negative relation to infusion, possibly because the use of intermediaries is still seen as the more luxurious way to have searches done. Management support also has a negative relation to infusion, perhaps indicating that depth of diffusion can increase despite top-level management actions.
Drug discovery: Doubling down on BET inhibition.

Through simultaneous binding to more than one site in a single protein, multivalent small molecules can achieve huge increases in potency. This 'avidity effect' has been demonstrated in BET bromodomain-containing proteins with bivalent probes that represent some of the most potent BET inhibitors to date.
Myocardial injury of critically ill children

The process of myocardial injury in critically ill patients is inevitable.It is a serious threat to the critically ill patients.The diagnosis of myocardial injury,biomarkers and treatment were reviewed in this paper. Key words: Critically illness; Myocardial injury
Numerical Study of the Navier-Stokes-α Deconvolution Model with Pointwise Mass Conservation

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an efficient, universally stable finite-element scheme for the NSα deconvolution model. Accuracy is enhanced by van Cittert approximate deconvolution, as well as through the choice of pointwise divergence-free discrete spaces. Finite-element analysis is provided, which includes results for stability, well-posedness, and optimal convergence of both velocity and pressure solutions. Finally, several numerical experiments are presented which demonstrate the performance of NSα, as well as illustrate the advantages of pointwise divergence-free finite elements.
“ And Now You Are Going to See Something Shocking ”: Atrocity Images in Holocaust Education

Graphic representations of the Holocaust are seen as an absolutely integral, but also a highly contested, means by which to teach, learn, and remember Nazi atrocities. There are the black-and-white photographs and films that emerged from the liberation of the camps in 1945; the piles of corpses, hair, and shoes, and close-up shots of starved and emaciated prisoners behind barbed wire. These visual documents of hurt, injury, and suffering deliver not only proof of the horrors of the Holocaust but also imprint on us, the spectator, the demand to “never forget.” They play a pivotal role in the museum narratives at the former camp sites but pose significant and largely unexplored pedagogical questions. This chapter begins by charting some of methodological challenges in working with atrocity imagery and their effect on learners. Recognizing ultimately the limits of students’ abilities to respond to atrocity imagery, I reference an encounter devoid of graphic violence as a suggestion for a more ethically astute way to learn at sites of trauma.
Optimized economic dispatch in microgrids

This paper aims at developing an economic dispatch optimizer using a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for a microgrid system, that can operate in grid-connected or islanded mode. In grid-connected mode, the optimizer provides set-points for dispatch of real power from Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in the microgrid and purchase of real power from the bulk grid every 15 minutes. The optimization objective is to minimize operating costs of the microgrid while maintaining real power balance. In islanded mode, the optimizer provides setpoints for DERs, battery storage system and load curtailment to maintain reliable real power supply. The optimizer set-points are validated on a three-phase unbalanced microgrid model developed using the distribution system simulator GridLAB-D.
Cryptocurrency & Robots: How to Tax and Pay Tax on Them

New technologies, such as blockchain, cryptocurrency (e.g., Bitcoin), and artificial intelligence are rapidly changing how transactions occur in the United States. While scholars have started to examine how a number of areas of law should adapt, very little work has been done on what these changes mean for taxation. Yet these developments could have a huge impact on tax revenues. For example, some approaches to taxing transactions using cryptocurrency could result in these transactions being conducted abroad, beyond the reach of the U.S. taxing authorities. And if robots replace large segments of the labor force, this could drastically shrink federal and state income tax bases. The approach to taxing new technologies is a careful balance of capturing value and not disincentivizing growth. For example, if governments decide to levy a “robot tax” to replace revenues the income tax is no longer generating, they may accidentally stifle innovation in that jurisdiction. At the same time, these new technologies also provide tools that governments can harness to levy taxes far more effectively than they currently do. For example, using blockchain technology to track the history of income and company shares allows for the potential of an integrated tax system, which combines the currently separate corporate and personal taxes into one unified taxation regime. The effects of this transition are a removal of many distortions and behavioral inefficiencies. Just because technology can be used to levy taxes far more creatively does not mean that it should be. But given the rapid rate at which technological change is occurring, governments cannot afford to sit back and make these decisions by inertia. Rather, the main argument of this is that governments should: (i) recognize and adapt to shifting tax bases; and (ii) use technology such as blockchain to better target the populations and behaviors desired to be taxed. The paper recommends specific examples of how to better tax and use technologies, such as blockchain, to reform current taxation schemes. There is also ample discussion of whether cryptocurrency will be regulated as a security (as per the Howey test and recent SEC enforcement actions), a discussion of foreign jurisdictions' approaches to cryptocurrency regulation and taxation, and recommendations to the SEC and IRS on how they should adjust their taxation of cryptocurrency.
Comparison of Organic and Conventional Agriculture Systems on Crop Production

The majority of organic and conventional agriculture system comparisons are long-term experiments (>10 years). Therefore, it is imperative to understand short-term impacts on soil and environmental quality during the transition period from a conventional system to a three-year, USDA-NOP certified organic system. The objectives of this project were to investigate the effects of two agricultural systems (organic and conventional) on greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, CH4, N2 O), soil carbon dynamics, soil quality, and crop productivity
Facilitation of GaN-Based RF- and HV-Circuit Designs Using MVS-GaN HEMT Compact Model

This paper illustrates the usefulness of the physics-based compact device models in investigating the impact of device behavioral nuances on the operation and performance of the circuits and systems. The industry standard MIT virtual source gallium nitride high electron-mobility transistor (GaN HEMT) (MVSG) model is used as the modeling framework to understand the operation of the GaN HEMTs and study the key device–circuit interactions in the GaN-based high-frequency and power conversion circuits. Details of the core model equations along with their physical underpinnings are presented along with the benchmark tests to verify the model’s convergence robustness and simulation accuracy. The usefulness of such a compact model in circuit design is highlighted through examples of the GaN-based high-voltage converter and RF-power amplifiers. It is shown that the slew-rates in hard-switched buck converters are determined by the dynamic charge distribution among the field plates in GaN HEMTs, indicating the importance of the device-level effect on circuit performance. Likewise, it is shown using the MVSG model that the performance metrics, such as drain efficiency and linearity, of the GaN RF-power amplifiers are heavily dependent on the device-level effects, such as access-region depletion, thermal effects, and charge-trapping effects. These GaN-based circuits designed using the MVSG model can be used as the example cases to demonstrate the importance of the accurate physical compact models in designing high performance circuits and systems in emerging technologies.
Product sensitization in the photochemical generation of carbenes from sulfonium ylides

Abstract Photolysis of thiophene ylides provides a route to certain carbenes with adjustable photophysical parameters, in that the absorption spectrum of the precursor and the initial spin population of the carbene can be varied. However, the accumulated thiophene from extensive photolysis can act as a triplet sensitizer leading to triplet carbene. It is demonstrated that dibenzothiophene has this property and 2,5-dichlorothiophene does not.
5G: An Evolution Towards a Revolution

The aim of this tutorial is to give the audience an overview of the landscape of the future generation of mobile networks, namely 5G. Contrary to popular view, 5G is not expected to be anchored on a single disruptive technology but rather supported by an amalgamation of multiple technologies. In essence, it is an evolution of several key technical advancements, whose synergy is expected to revolutionize the heterogeneity of use cases that can be "simultaneously" enabled by a single network. Such use cases range from throughput-focused mobile broadband (Gigabit peak rates) to latency/reliability-focused mission critical (e.g. augmented/virtual reality, autonomous driving) and density-focused massive connection (IoT) services. While physical layer advancements in the form of New Radio (NR) are an integral part of 5G, realizing the diverse use cases envisioned, will equally require innovation and flexible orchestration of its access, network and computing layers as well. This tutorial will provide an overview of some of these innovative ingredients that will constitute 5G, from the perspective of not just radio access network, but also core network and services/applications.
Intratumoral delivery of antigen with complement C3-bound liposomes reduces tumor growth in mice

Antigen presenting cells (APCs) initiate the immune response against cancer by engulfing and presenting tumor antigens to T cells. Our lab has recently developed a liposomal nanoparticle that binds complement C3 proteins, allowing it to bind to the complement C3 receptors of APCs and directly deliver antigenic peptides. APCs were shown to internalize and process complement C3-bound liposomes containing ovalbumin (OVA), resulting in a significant increase in activated T cells that recognize OVA. Mice bearing A20-OVA lymphoma tumors were treated with OVA-loaded C3-liposomes, which led to reduced tumor growth in both treated and distal tumors in all mice. Peripheral blood from treated mice had a lower percentage of immunosuppressive myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), a higher percentage of B cells, and increased anti-OVA IgG1 levels compared to control mice. These results indicate that C3-liposome delivery of tumor antigen to APCs initiates a potent and systemic antitumor immune response.
Characterization of tolazamide binding with glycated and normal human serum albumin by using high-performance affinity chromatography.

Abstract Sulfonylurea drugs are antidiabetic drugs that are utilized in the treatment of type II diabetes and often have significant binding with human serum albumin (HSA). Immobilized samples of normal or glycated HSA in affinity microcolumns were used to investigate interactions of these proteins with the sulfonylurea drug tolazamide. HPLC and frontal analysis were used to first examine the overall binding of this drug with these samples of HSA. It was found that tolazamide had two general classes of binding sites (i.e., high and low affinity) for normal and glycated HSA. The higher affinity sites had binding constants of around 4.3–6.0 × 104 M−1 for these interactions at pH 7.4 and 37 °C, while the lower affinity sites had binding strengths of 4.9–9.1 × 103 M−1. Zonal competition studies between tolazamide and probes for Sudlow sites I and II on HSA were also performed and used to provide site-specific affinities for tolazamide at these sites. A decrease of 22% in affinity was observed for tolazamide at Sudlow site I and an increase up to 58% was seen at Sudlow site II when comparing glycated HSA with normal HSA. These observed changes were compared to those of other first-generation sulfonylurea drugs, providing information on how glycation can alter the total and local binding strength of tolazamide and related compounds with HSA under levels of glycation seen in patients with diabetes.
The Airport as an Attraction: The Airport City and Aerotropolis Concept

Abstract Airports have evolved over time from simple airfield facilities to multifunctional centres of aviation and related activities at both the airport site itself and the surrounding environs. Commercialisation and privatisation of airports have accelerated these developments as well as increased recognition that the global accessibility of air transport provides locational advantages to a variety of business activities that are drawn to the airport area. Land uses around airports have intensified and diversified over time through a series of stages as urban areas have grown outward. Most recently, concepts such as the airport city and the aerotropolis have captured the imaginations of political leaders and economic development officials through their claims that airports are becoming the centres of urban regions, and that future growth will revolve around air transport and airports. Whilst air transport has grown and become a more important form of global connectivity with increased development at and around airports, the aerotropolis model is overstated and has been subject to a range of pointed economic, environmental, and social critiques. Three of the most well-known airport-oriented developments, located near airports serving Seoul, Dubai, and Amsterdam, are profiled in this chapter, noting their successes and shortcomings.
NRG-BR002: A phase IIR/III trial of standard of care therapy with or without stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and/or surgical ablation for newly oligometastatic breast cancer (NCT02364557).

TPS1117Background: This is a randomized Phase II/III trial to evaluate if stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and/or surgical resection (SR) of all metastatic sites in newly oligo-metastatic brea...
Abstract 4057: Measurement of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC), T regulatory cells (Treg), CD8+ and CD4+T-cells, and cytokines/chemokines in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with pembrolizumab and propranolol

Introduction: Immunotherapy has recently emerged as the cornerstone of metastatic melanoma treatment. Monotherapy with PD1 inhibitors results in response rate (RR) ~30%, while RR with combination PD1 + CTLA-4 inhibitors is ~60% but associated with high-grade toxicities in 50% patients (pts). We have shown in a mouse model that adrenergic receptor signaling blockade with propranolol (PRO) enhances anti-tumor activity of PD1 inhibition. Thus, we designed a phase Ib/II clinical trial to improve the activity of pembrolizumab (P) by combination with PRO at different doses recruiting 3 pts at each dose (10, 20 & 30 mg BID). Methods: 3 pts with metastatic melanoma were treated with P 200 mg every 3 weeks + PRO 10 mg BID. Biomarkers analysis were planned to identify PRO dose which should be tested in phase II. Blood samples were collected at baseline, day 8 & prior to each cycle. MDSC & its subtypes, Treg, CD8+ & CD4+ T cells & 29 cytokine/chemokines were measured at each time point. Ratios of CD8+/m-MDSC, CD8+/e-MDSC, CD8+/PMN-MDSC & CD8+/Treg were analyzed. Results: Trend toward an increase in CD8+T cell & MDSC subsets with decrease in above ratios was observed. There was a significant time-effect of CD8+/ PMN-MDSC (p=0.039). The 6 and 30 wk levels were significantly lower than baseline (p=0.046; 0.008). The 30 wk value of CD8+T cell/m-MDSC was also significantly lower compared to baseline (p=0.037). There was a significant time-effect for IP-10 (p=0.007) where the expression increases from baseline, peaking around 3 wk (Table 1). Conclusion: We see a decrease in CD8+ T cell/MDSC (all subtypes) & increase in IP-10 over time. The inverse relationship of high IP-10 with decreasing CD8+/MDSC & CD8+/Treg populations would suggest potential role of IFN-γ & trafficking of CD8+ T-cells into tumor/tissue. We plan to recruit more pts in the study to analyze these trends & confirm our findings. Citation Format: Shipra Gandhi, Manu Pandey, Kristopher M. Attwood, Cheryl Allen, Joseph Tario, Shin La Shu, Maria Levis, Suzanne M. Stack, Paul Wallace, Paul Bogner, Igor Puzanov, Mark J. Bucsek, Elizabeth Repasky, Marc S. Ernstoff. Measurement of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC), T regulatory cells (Treg), CD8+ and CD4+T-cells, and cytokines/chemokines in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with pembrolizumab and propranolol [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4057.