cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Caldwell-Luc operation without inferior meatal antrostomy: a retrospective study of 50 cases.

Purpose In the standard Caldwell-Luc operation, an inferior meatal antrostomy is performed to promote sinus drainage. However, inferior meatal antrostomy has been criticized for its additional operation time and wound, early loss of the opening, and risk of injury to the nasolacrimal duct. This study retrospectively reviewed the results of the Caldwell-Luc operation without inferior meatal antrostomy in the treatment of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis or odontogenic sinus disease. Patients and Methods The records of 50 patients who had an odontogenic sinus disease and underwent the Caldwell-Luc operation without inferior meatal antrostomy were reviewed. The data included the patient's age, gender, surgical indications, surgical condition, and complications. Results From April 2004 to October 2010, there were 27 male patients and 23 female patients aged 14 to 70 years (mean, 37 years) who underwent the modified Caldwell-Luc operation. The surgical indications included intrasinus odontogenic cysts (44%), oroantral fistulae with chronic sinusitis (44%), odontoma (4%), odontogenic sinusitis (4%), and foreign bodies in the maxillary sinus (4%). The patients were successfully treated with minimal complications. Conclusions The modified Caldwell-Luc operation provides easier postoperative care and involves fewer complications. It is not necessary to create the inferior meatal antrostomy in the Caldwell-Luc operation when treating odontogenic sinus disease.
Hydrologic response model of the North American Great Lakes

Abstract A hydrologic response model of the unregulated portion of the North American Great Lakes is presented for use in water resource and research studies. The hydrologic response model is a water quantity model encompassing Lakes Michigan, Huron, St. Clair and Erie and their connecting channels. The input parameters include overwater precipitation, tributary runoff, evaporation and diversion rates for each lake in the system and ice retardation rates and discharge equations for the connecting channels. The model outputs are end-of-month and monthly mean water levels for each lake in the system and the monthly flow rates in the connecting channels. The equation set for the model is composed of the continuity equations for each lake in the system. Runge-Kutta and Newton-Raphson algorithms were investigated for use in the model solution as well as a second-order finite-difference technique designed by the author. The Newton-Raphson algorithm required approximately 40% less computer time than the other algorithms and was selected for inclusion in the solution. The model was calibrated by parameter optimization using an optimum gradient algorithm. The accuracy of the model as well as the sensitivity of the input parameters are analyzed and discussed.
Tracing and Managing hazardous material in Sensor Networks

This paper will look at a real world project in the field of hazardous material management and how sensor networks can efficiently help to increase safety and security as well as autonomously enable sophisticated application integration. We will introduce a Sensor Data Model that is able to handle the avalanche of sensor data by organizing, analyzing and correlating sensor data by using Zones and complex event processing. The model uses state-awareness for a truly event driven architecture.
Guidelines for the Successful Psychotherapy of Substance Abusers

On definit trois stades dans la progression des psychotherapies de toxicomanes: 1) l'acquisition de la sobriete; 2) le debut de la guerison; 3) la guerison confirmee. C'est dans cette derniere phase seulement qu'on entreprendra une psychotherapie de fond, explorant les problemes sous-jacents abandonnant directivite et attitude de soutien
Gizzard shad population dynamics in eutrophic Missouri reservoirs with emphasis on environmental influences on their growth

Gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) is an ecologically important species in many waters of the USA. Their versatile feeding and nutrient-recycling capabilities and importance as prey, combined with their commonly high biomasses, result in widespread ecosystem effects. Despite their importance, few studies have focused on variables that influence their population dynamics, especially in mid-latitude waters. The objectives of this study were to: (1) describe population dynamics including size and age structure, growth, and mortality and (2) determine potential environmental influences on annual variations in growth increments of gizzard shad. Gizzard shad populations were sampled annually in three eutrophic reservoirs in Missouri, over a successive 5-year period. Size and age structure were temporally variable owing to variable year-class strength and differing growth rates. Strong year-classes arose from age-0 cohorts that experienced relatively high overwinter survival. Annual variations in growth incremen...
Genetic Analysis of Spirochete Flagellin Proteins and Their Involvement in Motility, Filament Assembly, and Flagellar Morphology

The filaments of spirochete periplasmic flagella (PFs) have a unique structure and protein composition. In most spirochetes, the PFs consist of a core of at least three related proteins (FlaB1, FlaB2, and FlaB3) and a sheath of FlaA protein. The functions of these filament proteins remain unknown. In this study, we used a multidisciplinary approach to examine the role of these proteins in determining the composition, shape, and stiffness of the PFs and how these proteins impact motility by using the spirochete Brachyspira (formerly Treponema, Serpulina) hyodysenteriae as a genetic model. A series of double mutants lacking combinations of these PF proteins was constructed and analyzed. The results show the following. First, the diameters of PFs are primarily determined by the sheath protein FlaA, and that FlaA can form a sheath in the absence of an intact PF core. Although the sheath is important to the PF structure and motility, it is not essential. Second, the three core proteins play unequal roles in determining PF structure and swimming speed. The functions of the core proteins FlaB1 and FlaB2 overlap such that either one of these proteins is essential for the spirochete to maintain the intact PF structure and for cell motility. Finally, linear elasticity theory indicates that flagellar stiffness directly affects the spirochete's swimming speed.
Effects of Total Body Irradiation on T-Cell and B-Cell Subsets as Well as Macrophage in Rhesus Macaque

Purpose/Objective(s): It is known that radiation can induce cognitive dysfunction, but we still know little about the threshold of radiation dose. It turns out that 0.1 Gy radiation can modulate the expression of gene pathways involved in cognitive function. However, it isn’t clear whether 0.1 Gy whole brain irradiation can induce cognitive impairments. In this study, the relationship between 0.1 Gy exposure and cognitive function was investigated in rats at different ages. Materials/Methods: Thirty-two 1-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats and thirty two six-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into 0.1Gy irradiated group and anesthesia control group. The rats were anesthetized, and then the whole brains were irradiated using 4MeV electron beams delivered by a linear accelerator. Behavioral tests were performed 3 months after irradiation in the order of open field, Morris water maze and passive avoidance test. The tests were used to evaluate the anxiety level, hippocampal dependent spatial learning and memory, and nonspatial learning and memory respectively. In Morris water maze, the place navigation test was conducted on the 1st to 4th day; while on the 5th day, the spatial probe test was done. Results: In the place navigation test of Morris water maze, six-month-old rats exhibited age dependent impairments in latency to find the hidden platform compared with the one-month-old rats. But radiation did not affect the six-month-old rats’ spatial learning and memory. Irradiated group (one month old) had significantly longer latency time than control group. Radiation did not have the effect on the anxiety level in the open field test, and there was no significant difference between groups in the latency of the passive avoidance. Conclusions: In present study, the hippocampal dependent spatial learning and memory capacity of the one-month-old rats was impaired by 0.1Gy whole brain irradiation, but it did not have the same effect on the six-month-old rats. These findings strongly suggest that low dose radiation is sensitive to induce cognitive impairments in younger rats. Author Disclosure: R. Sun: E. Research Grant; NSFC 81172128, NSFC 81102077, NSFC 30870740, Project of Postgraduate’s Innovation of Jiangsu Province cx10b-055z. L.Y. Zhang: E. Research Grant; NSFC 81172128, NSFC 81102077, NSFC 30870740, Project of Postgraduate’s Innovation of Jiangsu Province cx10b-055z. L.S. Chen: E. Research Grant; NSFC 81172128, NSFC 81102077, NSFC 30870740, Project of Postgraduate’s Innovation of Jiangsu Province cx10b-055z. Y. Tian: E. Research Grant; NSFC 81172128, NSFC 81102077, NSFC 30870740, Project of Postgraduate’s Innovation of Jiangsu Province cx10b-055z.
Robust Parameterization Schema for CAx Master Models

AbstractToday’s engineering companies rely heavily on an engineer’s ability to use computers to analyze and optimize designs. With this use of computers in the design process, products undergo multiple design iterations between preliminary concept and final form, which in turn results in Computer Aided Design (CAD) models being passed from one discipline to the next. An industry wide shift towards the use of CAD master models (CADmm) is taking place in attempts to keep consistency within the design process. With this change to CADmms, manufacturing and engineering development companies are attempting to more fully employ the use of parametrics in their initial CADmm so the initial model handed downstream is robust enough to be used throughout the entire design loop. Unfortunately, current parameter definitions are often not robust enough to incorporate all the design changes from the various analyses and manufacturing operations. To address this problem, we present a more robust parametric methodology tha...
The Ideology of a Chosen People: Afrikaner Nationalism and the Ossewa Trek, 1938

Abstract. Perhaps the most important happening in South African history was the Great Trek, the massive movement of people, goods, wagons, north from the eastern Cape Colony into what became the Orange Free State and the Transvaal. These Voortrekkers migrated between 1834 and the end of the decade. On the way they developed distinctive beliefs concerning their destiny, their relation to God and their relation to the African groups with whom they had serious conflicts. A major battle between better-armed Afrikaner forces and Zulu warriors ended in triumph for the Afrikaners on 16 December 1838. This formed the basis of a national holiday for the Afrikaners, and for the nation of South Africa.
Varenicline as a Cause of Suicidal Outcomes.

Objective: Postmarketing analyses and case reports have associated varenicline use with suicidal behaviors. This article reviews postmarketing analyses, case reports, clinical trials, uncontrolled observational studies, controlled observational studies, and studies in smokers with psychiatric problems that have tested this association. Method: The author searched the literature for relevant reports via computer and other searches to undertake a qualitative, systematic review. Results: Two pooled analyses of 10 and 17 placebo-controlled trials failed to find more suicidal outcomes in the varenicline condition. Seven large uncontrolled observational studies reported low rates of suicide outcomes in varenicline users (<0.1%), and 1 study reported a higher rate (6%). Five large controlled observational studies did not find more suicide outcomes in varenicline users than in those using prescribed bupropion or over-the-counter nicotine medications. Small placebo-controlled trials and observational studies of smokers with current psychiatric problems did not find varenicline was associated with suicidal outcomes. Conclusions: Among the more valid study designs (pooled analyses of placebo controlled trials or large controlled observational studies), there is consistent evidence that varenicline either does not cause increased suicide outcomes, or if it does, the effect is very small. Warnings to consumers and clinicians should reflect, not just the results of postmarketing studies, but the results of the more valid research designs.
Prevention and treatment of recurrent Hepatitis B after liver transplantation: the current role of nucleoside and nucleotide analogues.

The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a DNA virus that can cause both acute and chronic liver disease in humans. Approximately 350–400 million people are affected worldwide and up to one million deaths occur annually from cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. When cirrhosis and liver failure develop, the definitive treatment of choice remains orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). In the past, an unacceptable HBV recurrence rate with a high rate of graft loss was noted. The use of Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) has resulted in improved patient and graft survival rates. The addition of the nucleoside analog Lamivudine (LAM) to HBIG has improved these survival curves to an even greater degree. Prolonged use of LAM will almost invariably lead to the development of viral mutations resistant to the drug. There are now several other nucleoside and nucleotide analogs (Adefovir, Entecavir, Tenofovir, and Truvada) available for the clinician to utilize against these resistant strains. It should be possible to prevent recurrence in most, if not all, post-transplant patients and also to significantly reduce viral loads with normalization of transaminases in those who have developed recurrent infection. The antiviral regimen should be robust and minimize the risk of breakthrough mutations. A prudent approach may be the implication of combination antiviral therapy. This review summarizes the efficacy of previous regimens utilized to prevent and treat recurrent HBV following OLT. Particular attention will be paid to the newer nucleoside and nucleotide analogs and the direction for future strategies to treat HBV in the post transplant setting.
A Novel B Lymphocyte–Associated Adaptor Protein, Bam32, Regulates Antigen Receptor Signaling Downstream of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase

We have identified and characterized a novel src homology 2 (SH2) and pleckstrin homology (PH) domain–containing adaptor protein, designated Bam32 (for B cell adaptor molecule of 32 kD). cDNAs encoding the human and mouse Bam32 coding sequences were isolated and the human bam32 gene was mapped to chromosome 4q25–q27. Bam32 is expressed by B lymphocytes, but not T lymphocytes or nonhematopoietic cells. Human germinal center B cells show increased Bam32 expression, and resting B cells rapidly upregulate expression of Bam32 after ligation of CD40, but not immunoglobulin M. Bam32 is tyrosine-phosphorylated upon B cell antigen receptor (BCR) ligation or pervanadate stimulation and associates with phospholipase Cγ2. After BCR ligation, Bam32 is recruited to the plasma membrane through its PH domain. Membrane recruitment requires phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity and an intact PI(3,4,5)P3-binding motif, suggesting that membrane association occurs through binding to 3-phosphoinositides. Expression of Bam32 in B cells leads to a dose-dependent inhibition of BCR-induced activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT), which is blocked by deletion of the PH domain or mutation of the PI(3,4,5)P3-binding motif. Thus, Bam32 represents a novel B cell–associated adaptor that regulates BCR signaling downstream of PI3K.
Clevidipine for the treatment of severe hypertension in adults

Abstract Background: Intravenous antihypertensive agents are used when immediate control of blood pressure (BP) is required, including during the perioperative cardiac surgery period. Controlling postoperative BP is challenging because of the need to adequately reduce BP while maintaining appropriate end-organ perfusion. Clevidipine is an intravenous, ultra-short-acting, third-generation dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist with selectivity for arteriolar vasodilatation. It is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of severe hypertension. Objective: This paper reviews the clinical pharmacology, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, tolerability, and clinical efficacy of clevidipine. Methods: To minimize selection bias, each author conducted an independent search for English-language publications indexed on MEDLINE and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts through January 2010 using the term clevidipine . All identified prospective, randomized and nonrandomized Phase III trials were included in the review. Results: Seven Phase III trials were identified in which clevidipine was compared with baseline, placebo, or other intravenous antihypertensive agents in the settings of severe hypertension (1 study), preoperative cardiac surgery (1), perioperative cardiac surgery (1), and postoperative cardiac surgery (4). In a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of clevidipine in treating preoperative hypertension, the mean reduction from baseline in mean arterial pressure was 31.2% with clevidipine and 11.2% with placebo ( P P P = 0.003), but not between clevidipine and nicardipine (1.76 and 1.69 mm Hg · min/h). Another study found no significant difference in efficacy in controlling BP during the 3-hour study period between clevidipine and sodium nitroprusside (AUC for mean [SD] arterial pressure, 106 [25] and 101 [28] mm Hg · min/h, respectively). Adverse events in these studies included atrial fibrillation (13.0%–36.1% clevidipine vs 12.0% placebo), nausea (5.0%–21.0% vs 12.0%, respectively), fever (19.0% vs 13.7%), insomnia (12.0% vs 6.1%), and acute renal failure (9.0% vs 2.0%). In the studies reviewed, only 1 case of chest discomfort in the setting of severe hypertension was considered a serious adverse event related to clevidipine therapy. Conclusion: In the Phase III trials reviewed, clevidipine was effective in controlling BP in the settings of perioperative cardiac surgery and severe hypertension and was associated with minimal adverse effects.
Evaluation of rule processing strategies in expert databases

Rule processing strategies in expert database systems which involve rules conditional on join results of base relations are studied. In particular, those rules that require very fast response time in their evaluation are considered. It is proposed to materialize the results of firing a rule in a relation, the rule relation. Performance evaluation of several strategies shows that under the clustered B-trees, strategies using pattern relations perform better than those without pattern relations. The strategy with skinny pattern relations performs poorly in comparison to that with bulky pattern relations. The selective bulky pattern strategy performs better than the bulky pattern strategy. The selective pattern strategy outperforms other strategies in terms of expected total cost. However, it always uses more storage space than the direct materialization. >
Doping profile optimization in silicon permeable base transistors for high-frequency, high-voltage operation

The effects of variations in the vertical doping profiles of etched-emitter Si PBTs (permeable base transistors) on f/sub t/ and V/sub B/ have been investigated. CANDE, a two-dimensional simulation program, has been used to determine f/sub T/ as a function of V/sub CE/ and V/sub B/ for a number of profiles. A highly nonuniform doping profile (high-doped emitter, low-doped collector) results in a device with a higher V/sub B/ than a uniformly doped device for doping levels at which the maximum f/sub T/'s are identical. The range of V/sub CE/ over which f/sub T/ remains high is extended for the nonuniformly doped PBT, whereas the uniformly doped device shows a slow degradation from its maximum with increasing V/sub CE/. The enhancement in f/sub T/ and V/sub B/ observed for the nonuniformly doped case should make the device very useful in large-signal operation, particularly in class A. Experimental devices with both nonuniform and uniform doping profiles have been fabricated. The dependence of f/sub T/ on V/sub CE/ and VB are consistent with the model presented. Despite processing limitations which currently limit f/sub T/'s to 60% of their theoretical value and V/sub B/'s to 80% of their theoretical value, nonuniformly doped Si PBTs with f/sub T/=22 GHz at V/sub CE/=15 V and f/sub T/=12 GHz at C/sub CE/=26 V have been fabricated. >
The association between ethnic congruence in the supervisor-subordinate dyad and subordinate organizational position and salary

We used a large field sample ( N = 32,854) to test popular press claims and propositions from relational demography theory that the ethnic congruence of the supervisor–subordinate dyad is associated with positive employee outcomes. Results indicate that ethnic congruence was positively associated with subordinates’ level in the organization and salary. These relationships were moderated by type of compensation system, such that the effects were stronger in merit-based than in tenure-based systems. In addition, the extent of the relationship between supervisor–subordinate congruence differed by ethnic group, supporting previous research that suggests examining unique outcomes by ethnicity. However, although statistically significant, effect sizes were generally smaller than anticipated and implied in the popular press. Practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Intrinsic constrains on thermally-assisted memristive switching

We derived analytical formulas to estimate the effective thermal resistance of a metallic cylinder subjected to Joule heating, surrounded by an insulator and bounded by two constant temperature planes in order to estimate the temperature of the hottest point of the system. These solutions are especially relevant for modeling unipolar resistive switches (or memristive devices), and they provide insight into the performance tradeoffs for a thermally driven reset transition. In particular, our results indicate that a minimum current of 1 μA is required to successfully reset a unipolar switch, even under the most favorable conditions.
Differences in empowerment and quality of life among parents of children with food allergy

Abstract Background Living with food allergy has been found to adversely affect quality of life. Previous studies of the psychosocial impact of food allergy on caregivers have focused on mothers. Objective To describe differences in food allergy-related quality of life (FAQOL) and empowerment of mothers and fathers of a large cohort of children with food allergy. Methods Eight hundred seventy-six families of children with food allergy were studied. Food allergy was defined by stringent criteria, including reaction history, skin prick testing, and specific IgE. Parental empowerment and FAQOL were assessed by the adapted Family Empowerment and FAQOL—Parental Burden scales. Parental scores were compared by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Multiple regression models examined the association of parental empowerment with FAQOL. Results Mothers reported greater empowerment ( P P P Conclusion Parental empowerment and FAQOL vary significantly among mothers and fathers of children with food allergy. Greater effects on FAQOL were seen for milk and egg compared with other food allergies. Although parents of children with food allergy might be empowered to care for their child, they continue to experience impaired FAQOL owing to fears of allergen exposure beyond their control.
A New Amide Proton R1ρ Experiment Permits Accurate Characterization of Microsecond Time-scale Conformational Exchange

A new off-resonance spin-lock experiment to record relaxation dispersion profiles of amide protons is presented. The sensitivity-enhanced HSQC-type sequence is designed to minimize the interference from cross-relaxation effects and ensure that the dispersion profiles in the absence of μs-ms time-scale dynamics are flat. Toward this end (i) the proton background is eliminated by sample deuteration (Ishima et al., 1998), (ii) 1H spin lock is applied to two-spin modes 2(HxSin ϑ + HzCos ϑ) Nz, and (iii) the tilt angle ϑ ≈ 35° is maintained throughout the series of measurements (Desvaux et al. Mol. Phys., 86 (1995) 1059). The relaxation dispersion profiles recorded in this manner sample a wide range of effective rf field strengths (up to and in excess of 20 kHz) which makes them particularly suitable for studies of motions on the time scale ≤100 μs. The new experiment has been tested on the Ca2+-loaded regulatory domain of cardiac troponin C. Many residues show pronounced dispersions with remarkably similar correlation times of 30 μs. Furthermore, these residues are localized in the regions that have been previously implicated in conformational changes (Spyracopoulos et al. Biochemistry, 36 (1997) 12138)
Towards global routing with RLC crosstalk constraints

Conventional global routing minimizes total wire length and congestion. Experiments using large industrial benchmark circuits show that up to 24% of nets in such routing solutions may have RLC crosstalk violations at 3 GHz clock. We develop an extremely efficient length-scaled K/sub eff/ (LSK) model that has a high fidelity for long-range RLC crosstalk. We formulate an extended global routing problem (denoted as GSINO) to consider simultaneous shield insertion and net ordering with RLC crosstalk constraints, then propose an effective three-phase GSINO algorithm. The GSINO algorithm completely eliminates the RLC crosstalk violations, and has small area and wire length overhead compared to conventional routing.
Hierarchical Topographic Factor Analysis

Recent work has revealed that cognitive processes are often reflected in patterns of functional connectivity throughout the brain (for review see [16]). However, examining functional connectivity patterns using traditional methods carries a substantial computational burden (of computing time and memory). Here we present a technique, termed Hierarchical topographic factor analysis, for efficiently discovering brain networks in large multi-subject neuroimaging datasets.
Aldo-keto reductase 1b7, a novel marker for renin cells, is regulated by cyclic AMP signaling.

We previously identified aldo-keto reductase 1b7 (AKR1B7) as a marker for juxtaglomerular renin cells in the adult mouse kidney. However, the distribution of renin cells varies dynamically, and it was unknown whether AKR1B7 maintains coexpression with renin in response to different developmental, physiological, and pathological situations, and furthermore, whether similar factor(s) simultaneously regulate both proteins. We show here that throughout kidney development, AKR1B7 expression—together with renin—is progressively restricted in the kidney arteries toward the glomerulus. Subsequently, when formerly renin-expressing cells reacquire renin expression, AKR1B7 is reexpressed as well. This pattern of coexpression persists in extreme pathological situations, such as deletion of the genes for aldosterone synthase or Dicer. However, the two proteins do not colocalize within the same organelles: renin is found in the secretory granules, whereas AKR1B7 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. Interestingly, upon deletion of the renin gene, AKR1B7 expression is maintained in a pattern mimicking the embryonic expression of renin, while ablation of renin cells resulted in complete abolition of AKR1B7 expression. Finally, we demonstrate that AKR1B7 transcription is controlled by cAMP. Cultured cells of the renin lineage reacquire the ability to express both renin and AKR1B7 upon elevation of intracellular cAMP. In vivo, deleting elements of the cAMP-response pathway (CBP/P300) results in a stark decrease in AKR1B7- and renin-positive cells. In summary, AKR1B7 is expressed within the renin cell throughout development and perturbations to homeostasis, and AKR1B7 is regulated by cAMP levels within the renin cell.
Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia: a Genetic and Clinical Update

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a clonal stem cell disorder, characterized by peripheral blood monocytosis and overlapping features between myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Clonal cytogenetic changes are seen in up to 30 % patients, while approximately 90 % have detectable molecular abnormalities. Most patients are diagnosed in the seventh decade of life. Gene mutations in ten-eleven translocation (TET) oncogene family member 2 (TET2) (60 %), SRSF2 (50 %), ASXL1 (40 %), and RAS (20-30 %) are frequent, with only frame shift and nonsense ASXL1 mutations negatively impacting overall survival. With the lack of formal guidelines, management and response criteria are often extrapolated from MDS and MPN. Contemporary molecularly integrated CMML-specific prognostic models include the Groupe Francais des Myelodysplasies (GFM) model and the Molecular Mayo Model, both incorporating ASXL1 mutational status. Hypomethylating agents and allogeneic stem cell transplant remain the two most commonly used treatment strategies, with suboptimal results. Clinical trials exploiting epigenetic and signal pathway abnormalities, frequent in CMML, offer hope and promise.
An Approach to the Examination of the Fetal Congenitally Malformed Heart at Autopsy

Examination of the congenitally malformed fetal heart at autopsy presents many unique challenges. A systematic approach is needed to identify accurately the underlying morphology of the fetal heart, with adjustment to the routine cardiac exam as necessary in the most extreme malformed cases. In situ examination can provide details of pre-mortem function, based on what is seen externally, and direct the internal examination. Ultimately, an accurate morphological description of the fetal heart at any gestational age is necessary for correct diagnosis. Information that confirms or adds to prenatal imaging or testing provides a bridge for communication in diverse clinical settings including the care of other patients with similar presentations. The heart findings should be integrated into interdisciplinary discussions of major findings and during counseling sessions with parents who seek explanations for fetal loss and risk of recurrence in future pregnancies.
Microcavity assisted acoustic wave channeling can lead to high sensitivity and ultra-low power SAW sensors

Shear horizontal SAW devices are used as biosensors to detect breast cancer markers,1 E. Coli bacteria,2 and in DNA hybridization studies.3 A current trend in these biosensing systems is to move away from clinical laboratories where expensive bulky equipment and highly skilled personnel are needed and move to point-of-care-testing (POCT). Monitoring a physiological signal such as blood glucose levels in a patient with a wireless sensor provides a good example.4 A major challenge to the incorporation of wireless sensors for biosensing/medical applications is maintaining high sensitivity while simultaneously lowering power consumption. Inspired by the concept of phononic crystals (PCs), we introduce a SH-SAW channel sensor based on 90 ° ST-X Quartz substrate where microcavities incorporated in the delay path in the form of periodic inclusions confine acoustic wave propagation to a narrow channel. We utilize a three-dimensional (3-D) finite element model (FEM) to compare acoustic wave propagation characteristics, insertion loss (IL) and mass sensitivity of SAW channel sensors. We show acoustic wave channeling translates into increased sensitivity and reduced power loss. To harness the potential of a SAW channel sensor, we have systematically evaluated properties such as size, periodicity and nature of the filling materials. Tungsten filled cavities show the best performance in terms of device sensitivity. The origin of the improvement in power loss and sensitivity are traced to the acoustic impedance mismatch between the substrate and nature of the filling material in the microcavities. Based on our simulation results, SAW devices with tantalum and SiO2 filled microcavities are being fabricated to validate the simulation results. Preliminary experimental results appear promising and suggest that further optimization of microcavities based design variables is needed to realize SAW devices that operate in the ultra-low power range. Our findings thus offer encouraging prospects for designing low power highly sensitive portable biosensors.
After the Massacre: Mobilization in the Wake of Harsh Repression

What do dissidents do after a massacre? This article uses thirty-one brutal repressions to test collective-action theory in the harshest possible context. After a massacre, dissidents are outraged at the state, but also fearful of further repression. Can dissidents mobilize backlash protests in these circumstances? The report shows that there usually is sufficient communication of the massacre to enable subsequent backlash mobilization. Also, there is sufficient continuity in leadership after the massacre to coordinate backlash protest. The massacre-event leadership either remains in tact or is immediately and effectively replaced after the event. Moreover, dissident leaders use adaptive tactics to elude subsequent repression in most cases. A Bayesian updating test for mobilization shows that repression reduces backlash protests and that no repression increases backlash. This report concludes by affirming that collective-action theory works even in this highly challenging situation.
A Load Independent Pseudo-Rigid-Body 3R Model for Determining Large Deflection of Beams in Compliant Mechanisms

Modeling flexible beams that undergo large deflection is one of the key steps in analyzing and synthesizing compliant mechanisms. Geometric nonlinearities introduced by large deflections often complicate the analysis of mechanism systems comprising such members. Several pseudo-rigid-body (PRB) or multi segment models in the literature have been proposed to approximate the tip deflection and slope. However these models are either dependent on external loads or too complicated to analyze. They are neither appropriate for analyzing mechanisms in which loads change significantly as they move, nor for synthesizing mechanisms where a parametric model is preferred. In this paper, a load independent PRB 3R model which comprises of four rigid links joined by three revolute joints and three torsion springs is proposed. The traditional PRB 1R models are first studied for both small deflection beams and large deflection beams. These studies provide fundamental insights to the geometric nonlinearity of large deflection beams. Numerical integration is applied to compute tip deflections for various loads. A three-dimensional search routine has been developed to find the optimal set of characteristic radius factors for the proposed PRB 3R model. Detailed error analysis and comparison against the result by the numerical integration and the PRB 1R model are accomplished for different load modes. The benefits of the PRB 3R model include (a) high accuracy for large deflection beams, (b) load independence which is critical for applications where loads vary significantly and (c) explicit kinematic and static constraint equations derived from the model. To demonstrate the use of the PRB 3R model, a compliant 4-bar linkage is studied and verified by a numerical example. The result shows a maximum tip deflection error of 1.2% compared with the FEA model.© 2008 ASME
Pre- and post-conditioning hormesis in elderly mice, rats, and humans: its loss and restoration

This paper assessed differences and similarities in the capacity for preconditioning (PC) and post-conditioning (PostC) to prevent ischemic reperfusion (IR) damage to the heart in the old/elderly as compared to young adult mice, rats, and humans. While PC reliably reduces myocardial ischemia-induced heart damage by about 30–60 % in young adult (2–3 months old) mice and rats, such protection begins to diminish in middle age (1 year old) and is fully lost in the old and elderly (≥18 months). Common rearing practices (i.e., no exercise; ad libitum feeding) are strongly associated with the loss of PC to prevent IR damage to the heart in old/elderly rodents. Substantial restoration of lost PC in old/elderly animal models is affected via various types of exercise and exercise protocols, several types of dietary interventions and pharmacological means. Evidence of PC-mediated cardioprotection in old/elderly humans via epidemiological investigations has been reported using multiple research protocols. These findings suggest the need for animal studies to better reflect human dietary, exercise and lifestyle patterns to enhance their extrapolative relevance.
Assessment of Kidney Function in Survivors Following Fontan Palliation

Objective The Fontan operation is a palliative procedure for congenital single ventricle heart disease. Long-term kidney function in this cohort is not well-known. Our aim was to evaluate renal function in long-term survivors post-Fontan palliation, and we hypothesize that this cohort will have a higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared to controls. Design We performed a retrospective cohort study of 68 subjects evaluated through the Single Ventricle Survivorship Program at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between July 2010 and December 2014 compared to 70 healthy children similar in age and sex. Primary outcome was CKD, defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <90 mL/min/1.73 m2 using creatinine and cystatin C–based estimating equations. Secondary outcomes included proteinuria and elevated intact parathyroid hormone. Results The Fontan cohort included 68 subjects with median age 13 years (IQR 9.0, 17.3) who were median 11.1 years (IQR 6.5, 15.7) post-Fontan palliation. This cohort was compared to 70 healthy individuals (median age 15.5 years (IQR 12.5, 18.3). Although median eGFRs were comparable: 102.6 vs. 101.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P = .89) in Fontan vs. healthy subjects <18 years of age (Full CKiD equation), and 128.5 vs. 129.7 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P = .56) in Fontan vs. healthy subjects ≥18 years of age (CKD-EPI creatinine and cystatin formula); 10% of Fontan subjects had an eGFR<90 mL/min/1.73 m2. Median intact parathyroid hormone level was higher at 59.4 pg/mL (IQR 43.0, 83.1) in the Fontan group compared to 23.4 pg/mL (IQR 16.7, 30.0) in controls (P ≤ .001). Proteinuria was present in 10% of the Fontan group compared to 4.7% in controls (P = .27). Conclusion Ten percent of long-term survivors post-Fontan palliation had eGFR <90 ml/min/1.73 m2, and higher median parathyroid hormone levels compared to controls. Taken together, these measures may indicate early kidney disease. Future studies will focus on longitudinal assessment of kidney function and evaluation of risk factors for CKD post-Fontan palliation.
Perspectives on Migration Theory—Anthropology

This essay explores new directions—empirical, methodological, and theoretical—in the anthropology of migration during the last decade of the twentieth century and the first decade of the twenty-first century. Emphasizing key concepts and debates, the essay situates anthropology of migration in relation to theoretical and methodological trends in the discipline as a whole—among these the role of the state in everyday lives; the shift from a bounded and fixed understanding of culture and communities to one that assumes fluidity and unboundedness; the relationship between macro- and micro-level processes; and the attention directed toward the interaction between structure and agency as part of a practice theory approach to social life. The essay begins with a discussion of methodology and units of analysis—the individual, the household, the event, migrant discourse, the city. It then turns to an examination of the impact of the transnational framework, to anthropological formulations of citizenship and belonging, to the literature that explores the reception of immigrants and the representation of emigrants in their homelands, and finally to anthropological perspectives on the relationship between the law and immigration. The conclusion points to several new directions that research in the anthropology of migration might take including greater emphasis on intersectionality, on comparison, and on the relationship between migration and health.
Engineered Kitchen Layout Planning and Design

This article identifies and reviews basic concepts of total planning, showing how engineering techniques applied by various researchers relate to each basic step in kitchen planning. Other engineering techniques may be and are being used, of course. However, the authors place the techniques developed in the past in correct focus for present needs.
Multifunctional Conjugated Organic Materials Incorporating Stable Charge States

Electroactive materials have been studied extensively for several years due to their unique chemical and photophysical properties. Originally of interest due to the dramatic increases in conductivity when chemically or electrochemically doped,1,2 it has more recently been recognized that these materials are truly multifunctional in nature. In most of these emerging applications, the introduction of stable charge states into a conjugated π-electron sequence seems to play a key role.3 In this paper we will review how well-defined stabilized bipolaronic charge states can be incorporated into both oligomeric and copolymeric conjugation sequences and review their potential application.
‘His wel beloved doughter Lady Mary’: representing Mary Tudor in 1534

Giles Duwes's An Introductorie for to Learn to Read, to Pronounce, and to Speak French and John Heywood's ‘Geve Place, ye Ladyes’ (both 1534) initially seem insignificant publishing events. Serving, however, as both public counsel and as strategic negotiations of royal authority, these texts actively competed in a public sphere growing in the 1530s. Hoping to control royal representations in that public sphere, the Treasons Act of 1534 made it a capital offence to question Henry's authority or his decisions. Writing in this dangerous political moment, servants of the Crown, Duwes and Heywood, carefully enter the public debate on Henry's religio-legal authority and his divorce, significantly recasting the political identity of Mary. Rather than effectively marginalized or silenced, Mary emerges in 1534 as a gifted royal princess dedicated to God, to family, and to protecting her royal image. Such a strong image, moreover, circulated effectively despite the Crown's efforts to demote the popular princess to simply ‘Lady Mary’, the ‘King's daughter’. As respected members of the contemporary ‘publics’ or public sphere, Duwes and Heywood reject that demotion, countering the king's propaganda as they work to bolster Mary's royal agency in a then-fading culture of counsel.
Use of the WAIS-III and WMS-III in the Context of Serial Assessments: Interpreting Reliable and Meaningful Change

Publisher Summary Serial assessment is an increasingly important aspect of clinical practice and is one that requires clinicians to understand test-retest change scores as unique cognitive variables with statistical and clinical properties that are different from the test measures from which they are derived. This chapter examines the test-retest properties of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III) and Wechsler Memory Scale-III (WMS-III) and describes the use of standardized regression-based norms for several variables to illustrate how meaningful change can be assessed. The systematical bias inherent in retest scores as well as measurement error can dramatically alter the magnitude of the scores themselves, rendering them, at best, questionable and, at worst, misleading. The meaning of test-retest change can only be elucidated by first taking into account how much change is normally expected across time given the many factors that influence retest scores and then evaluating how commonly or frequently deviations from these expectations occur in the general population. The chapter outlines a general statistical model for taking into account bias and error when individuals are tested twice. It concluded with a discussion of how an understanding of the WAIS-III and WMS-III test-retest properties can impact the interpretation of a patient's retest scores and inferences concerning his or her clinical status.
Galactose Incorporation and Competitiveness in Rhizobium Meliloti

In cultures of R. meliloti strain 102F51, two spontaneous cell-surface variants were distinguished. One is agglutinated at high diluting titer of an alfalfa agglutinin (HA), sensitive to phage F20 (F20s) and resistant to phage 16B (16Br), the other is agglutinated at lower agglutinin titer (LA), is resistant to phage F20(F20r) and sensitive to phage 16B(16Bs).
Ruthenium Complexes of 2,2′-Bipyridine-6,6′-diphosphonate Ligands for Water Oxidation

Two novel ruthenium complexes, [Ru(2,2′-bipyridine-6,6′-diphosphonato)(pic)2] (2) (pic=4-picoline) and [Ru(6,6′-diisopropyl-2,2′-bipyridine-6,6′-diphosphonato)(pic)2] (3) bearing phosphonate groups have been synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy, elemental analyses, X-ray crystallography, cyclic voltammetry, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Both complexes show catalytic water oxidation activity by electrochemistry. At pH 7, the RuII/III redox couple of 2 is observed at a lower potential than that of 3, yet significantly, 3 oxidizes water at a lower onset potential. At pH 1 however, 2 and 3 have comparable catalytic reactivity using sacrificial oxidant CeIV. We propose that water oxidation activities of 2 and 3 are influenced by overall charges. For example, in oxidizing from RuII to RuIII at pH 7, 2 acquires a −1 overall charge whereas 3 acquires a +1 charge. Charge-dictated electrostatic effects may govern binding of a water molecule to the metal site.
Psychological aspects of vestibular disorders

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the effects of anxiety on balance function in normal individuals and patients with anxiety disorders, and then discusses medical–psychiatric interactions in patients with vestibular disorders. It presents the concepts of space-motion discomfort (SMD), visual vertigo (VV), and chronic subjective dizziness (CSD) that are essential components of a complete neurotologic history, and identifies the misleading interpretations of balance function tests in the patients with psychiatric components to their illnesses. It reviews that dizziness includes swaying or rocking sensations, lightheadedness or fullness in the head, and non-vertiginous sensations of imbalance. The balance system includes central and peripheral vestibular systems, visual and somatosensory systems that contribute to balance, and additional brain centers, such as the vestibular cortex that generate conscious awareness of spatial orientation and movement. The chapter concludes with descriptions of simple, validated, and highly effective tools for detecting psychological morbidity in patients with dizziness. These tools can be easily incorporated into the routine office practice of otorhinolaryngologists, neurologists, primary care clinicians, physical therapists, and others who treat patients with dizziness.
Recenti indagini sul tofet

The sanctuary called tophet affected both scholars of the Phoenician and Punic world that the public concerned by the problems of the ancient world. Two recent works by Bruno D'Andrea and Valentina Melchiorri concern shrines called tophet. Bruno D'Andrea studied the sanctuaries of North Africa after the Roman conquest of the region. Valentina Melchiorri studies the sanctuary of Sulky, current Sant'Antioco, in southwestern Sardinia.