cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Extrapolating Growth Reductions in Fish to Changes in Population Extinction Risks: Copper and Chinook Salmon

ABSTRACT Fish commonly respond to stress, including stress from chemical exposures, with reduced growth. However, the relevance to wild populations of subtle and sometimes transitory growth reductions may not be obvious. At low-level, sustained exposures, Cu is one substance that commonly causes reduced growth but little mortality in laboratory toxicity tests with fish. To explore the relevance of growth reductions under laboratory conditions to wild populations, we (1) estimated growth effects of low-level Cu exposures to juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), (2) related growth effects to reduced survival in downriver Chinook salmon migrations, (3) estimated population demographics, (4) constructed a demographically structured matrix population model, and (5) projected the influence of Cu-reduced growth on population size, extinction risks, and recovery chances. Reduced juvenile growth from Cu in the range of chronic criteria concentrations was projected to cause disproportionate reductions...
Educating Citizens or Defying Federal Authority? A Comparative Study of In‐State Tuition for Undocumented Students

Recent years have witnessed a proliferation of state government policies addressing immigration-related issues. This article addresses an example of state policy regarding immigration: since 2001, 11 state legislatures have granted undocumented high school graduates in-state tuition status should they wish to attend public post-secondary schools, while 18 others have considered, and rejected, the same policy. We argue that these outcomes are largely explicable by the manner in which the policy is presented and debated within state legislatures, especially the terms in which policy targets are socially constructed and state jurisdictional authority is framed. We apply this framework to two states (Kansas and Arkansas) that, in spite of demographic institutional similarities, reached different outcomes on in-state tuition bills. The different outcomes can be traced to the manner in which policy deliberations in Kansas focused on positive evaluations of undocumented high school students, portraying them as “proto-citizens,” while in Arkansas debate became centered on the state's jurisdictional authority to enact such a policy, an issue frame that effectively killed the legislation. This article suggests the importance of both social constructions and issue framing when state legislatures become the lead actors in crafting immigration policies.
A Genetic Algorithm Approach to Focused Software Usage Testing

Because software system testing typically consists of only a very small sample from the set of possible scenarios of system use, it can be difficult or impossible to generalize the test results from a limited amount of testing based on high-level usage models. It can also be very difficult to determine the nature and location of the errors that caused any failures experienced during system testing (and therefore very difficult for the developers to find and fix these errors). To address these issues, this paper presents a Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach to focused software usage testing. Based on the results of macro-level software system testing, a GA is used to select additional test cases to focus on the behavior around the initial test cases to assist in identifying and characterizing the types of test cases that induce system failures (if any) and the types of test cases that do not induce system failures. Whether or not any failures are experienced, this GA approach supports increased test automation and provides increased evidence to support reasoning about the overall quality of the software. When failures are experienced, the approach can improve the efficiency of debugging activities by providing information about similar, but different, test cases that reveal faults in the software and about the input values that triggered the faults to induce failures.
The Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion, revisited

The related results of E.J. Routh (1877) and A. Hurwitz (1895), known today as the Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion, are discussed. Limitations of the criterion are pointed out. >
Simulation of high range-resolution profiles of humans behind walls

In this paper, we present a technique for simulating time-varying, high range-resolution profiles of human motions behind inhomogeneous walls. This technique combines primitive based modeling of humans with wall simulation models generated using the finite difference time domain technique. Simulated range profiles of a walking human in free space and behind a reinforced concrete wall are presented.
On the distribution of fault coverage and test length in random testing of combinational circuits

Models for the process of testing faults in combinational circuits under both random and pseudorandom tests are proposed. Based on these models, the probability distribution function (PDF) of fault coverage is derived. By using an important relationship between the PDF of fault coverage and that of test length, an expression is derived for the PDF of test length. These analytical results allow expressions to be obtained for expected values of fault coverage and test length, and other important statistics not obtained by existing techniques. Empirical results validating these models for fault coverage analysis are presented from experiments with several circuits. Techniques for estimation of necessary parameters, based on both statistical and probabilistic models, are proposed. These techniques, combined with the theoretical results, define a comprehensive methodology for random testability prediction of combinational circuits. >
Alcoholics Anonymous attendance, decreases in impulsivity and drinking and psychosocial outcomes over 16 years: moderated-mediation from a developmental perspective.

Aims: Examine whether decreases in impulsivity account for links between AA attendance and better drinking and psychosocial outcomes, and whether these mediational "effects" are conditional on age. Design: A naturalistic study in which individuals were assessed at baseline, and 1, 8, and 16 years later. Setting: Participants initiated help-seeking through the alcohol intervention system (detoxification programs, information and referral centers). Participants: Individuals with alcohol use disorders and no prior history of substance abuse treatment at baseline [N= 628; 47% women; mean age = 34.7 years (SD = 9.4)]. Measurements: Self-reports of impulsivity and drinking pattern at baseline and Year 1, duration of AA (number of weeks) in Year 1, and drinking (alcohol use problems, self-efficacy to resist drinking) and psychosocial outcomes (emotional discharge coping, social support) at baseline and follow-ups. Findings: Controlling for changes in drinking pattern, decreases in impulsivity were associated with fewer alcohol use problems, better coping, and greater social support and self-efficacy at Year 1, and better coping and greater social support at Year 8. Decreases in impulsivity statistically mediated associations between longer AA duration and improvements on all Year 1 outcomes, and indirect effects were moderated by participant age (significant only for individuals 25 years of age or younger). Conclusions: Decreased impulsivity appears to mediate reductions in alcohol-related problems over 8 years in people attending Alcoholics Anonymous. Language: en
Enhanced motor skill acquisition in the non-dominant upper extremity using intermittent theta burst stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation.

Individuals suffering from motor impairments often require physical therapy (PT) to help improve their level of function. Previous investigations suggest that both intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) and bihemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation may increase the speed and extent of motor learning/relearning and that this increase may be related to brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The purpose of the current study was to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of a novel, non-invasive brain stimulation approach that combined an iTBS primer, and bihemispheric stimulation coupled with motor training. We hypothesized that individuals exposed to this novel treatment would make greater functional improvements than individuals undergoing sham stimulation when tested immediately following, 24-hours, and 7-days post-training. A total of 26 right-handed, healthy young adults were randomly assigned to either a treatment (n = 15) or control group (n = 12). iTBS (20 trains of 10 pulse triplets each delivered at 80% AMT / 50Hz over 191.84 seconds) and bihemispheric tDCS (1.0 ma for 20 minutes) were used as a primer to, and in conjunction with, 20 minutes of motor training, respectively. Our primary outcome measure was performance on the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test. Participants tolerated the combined iTBS/bihemispheric stimulation treatment without complaint. While performance gains in the sham and stimulation group were not significant immediately after training, they were nearly significant 24-hours post training (p = 0.055), and were significant at 7-days post training (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the combined iTBS/bihemispheric stimulation protocol is both feasible and effective. Future research should examine the mechanistic explanation of this approach as well as the potential of using this approach in clinical populations.
Tool Wear Monitoring for Ultrasonic Metal Welding of Lithium-Ion Batteries

This paper presents a tool wear monitoring framework for ultrasonic metal welding which has been used for lithium-ion battery manufacturing. Tool wear has a significant impact on joining quality. In addition, tool replacement, including horns and anvils, constitutes an important part of production costs. Therefore, a tool condition monitoring (TCM) system is highly desirable for ultrasonic metal welding. However, it is very challenging to develop a TCM system due to the complexity of tool surface geometry and a lack of thorough understanding on the wear mechanism. Here, we first characterize tool wear progression by comparing surface measurements obtained at different stages of tool wear, and then develop a tool condition classification algorithm to identify the state of wear. The developed algorithm is validated using tool measurement data from a battery plant.Copyright © 2015 by ASME and General Motors
LA CASA QUE FLOTA

Resumen es: "La casa que flota" indaga, por un lado, sobre como la escritura de Manuel Ramos Otero ha desmontado y re-articulado las imagenes privilegiadas del pater...
Intestinal Infarction Due to Nifedipine Overdose

The first case of intestinal infarction associated with nifedipine overdose is presented. This is also the first reported case of an overdose with an extended release nifedipine preparation. The formation of a large gastric concretion of nifedipine tablets may have enhanced its local vasodilatory effects thereby producing mesenteric hypoperfusion, ischemia, and infarction.
Effect of polysorbate 80 on apparent partition coefficient of salicylic acid and its absorption from the rat intestine.

Abstract The effect of polysorbate 80 on the apparent partition coefficient of salicylic acid between chloroform and a 0.05 M phosphate buffer at pH 6.5 was investigated. Three different concentrations of the surfactant were studied: 0.001, 0.01, and 2.0% (w/v). Concentrations of polysorbate 80 equal to or above the CMC significantly increased the apparent partition coefficient of salicylic acid. A lower surfactant concentration did not produce a significant change in the apparent partition coefficient of the acid. Polysorbate 80 at the same three concentrations produced no significant change in the percent of salicylic acid absorbed from the rat intestine in situ when dissolved in a 0.05 M phosphate buffer at pH 6.5. When 2.0% (w/v) polysorbate 80 in the phosphate buffer was left inside the rat intestine for 1 hr, the permeability of the intestine to salicylic acid was not significantly changed.
Dual-core execution: building a highly scalable single-thread instruction window

Current integration trends embrace the prosperity of single-chip multi-core processors. Although multi-core processors deliver significantly improved system throughput, single-thread performance is not addressed. In this paper, we propose a new execution paradigm that utilizes multi-cores on a single chip collaboratively to achieve high performance for single-thread memory-intensive workloads while maintaining the flexibility to support multithreaded applications. The proposed execution paradigm, dual-core execution, consists of two superscalar cores (a front and back processor) coupled with a queue. The front processor fetches and preprocesses instruction streams and retires processed instructions into the queue for the back processor to consume. The front processor executes instructions as usual except for cache-missing loads, which produce an invalid value instead of blocking the pipeline. As a result, the front processor runs far ahead to warm up the data caches and fix branch mispredictions for the back processor. In-flight instructions are distributed in the front processor, the queue, and the back processor, forming a very large instruction window for single-thread out-of-order execution. The proposed architecture incurs only minor hardware changes and does not require any large centralized structures such as large register files, issue queues, load/store queues, or reorder buffers. Experimental results show remarkable latency hiding capabilities of the proposed architecture, even outperforming more complex single-thread processors with much larger instruction windows than the front or back processor.
Turbulent Flow Downstream of a Propeller, Part 1: Wake Turbulence

To examine the aeroacoustic response of the downstream blade row of a rotor/stator pair, the turbulent flowfield between the two components must be accurately represented. To that end, a recent experimental study sought to examine this complex flowfield, establishing a causal relationship between the flowfield influences and their relative contributions to the total turbulence. Although these influences and their relative impact might depend on specific geometry, two will play a dominant role in almost every rotor/stator application: wake turbulence from the upstream blade row (the topic of Part 1) and turbulence ingested by the system and modified by the upstream blade row (the topic of Part 2). The extensive scope of decomposing these influences necessitates their discussion in seperate publications. Part 1 begins with an overview as to the relevence and utility of separating these influences, providing motivation for the study. The paper then examines the contribution of the broadband and tonal contributions associated with wake turbulence. A model is proposed that infers broadband turbulence levels from a single, appropriately chosen length scale. This length scale is determined through reconstruction of the temporal mean wake profile shape utilizing the tonal component of the ensemble-averaged, measured wake spectra. Results show that simple models can be used effectively to isolate the wake turbulence contribution, forwarding the concept of a globally applicable theory for use in modeling efforts involving similar flowfields. Part 2 examines turbulence ingested by the system and modified by the upstream upstream blade row. A theoretical model is adapted to predict the level of ingested turbulence suppression using easily quantified geometric arguments. With an appropriate choice of coordinate system, this model accurately predicts broadband suppression of ingested turbulence, showing that simple models can be used to isolate contributions and forwarding the concept of a globally applicable theory for extracting such information from other similar flowfields.
Experimental bedsonial arthritis.

A bedsonia isolated from the joint of a patient with Reiter's syndrome produced arthritis when injected into the knees of Macaca mulatta or New Zealand white rabbits. The monkeys developed an acute self-limited arthritis that resolved within 11 to 49 days. Symptoms were limited to the injected joints. Reinoculation of the same joints produced a similar arthritis, indicating that repeated exposure neither enhances nor diminishes clinical response. Repeated intraurethral inoculation produced urethritis in 1 macaque, and the organism was recovered from the urethra. Infected rabbits developed a chronic arthritis. Bedsonial infection and disease in the rabbit were disseminated from joint to eye and from joint to selected viscera. Viable multiplying organisms were essential to produce arthritis, and treatment with tetracycline before agent inoculation prevented disease. Bedsonial organisms other than those recovered from Reiter's syndrome also caused arthritis when injected into the knees of monkeys or rabbits.
Type VI collagen gene expression in experimental liver fibrosis: quantitation and spatial distribution of mRNAs, and immunodetection of the protein

Type VI collagen is a minor but essential matrix component in the liver. In this study, we utilized an acute and a chronic injury model to clarify the process of liver fibrosis in rats by administration of carbon tetrachloride. Collagen gene expression, with particular emphasis on type VI collagen, was studied by molecular hybridization techniques. The α2(VI) collagen mRNA levels were markedly elevated on day 3 of acute injury and were approximately at the same high level at 7 and 14 weeks of chronic injury, as determined by Northern hybridizations and slot-blot analyses. Marked enhancement of type I collagen gene expression was similarly noted at these time points The activation of collagen gene expression in acute injury, as determined by in situ hybridization, was particularly prominent in the vicinity of the central veins. Indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated marked accumulation of type VI collagen protein as early as day 3 of acute injury, and the reaction appeared to be initiated in the proximity of central veins. These results indicate that type VI collagen gene expression, together with other connective tissue components, including type I collagen, is activated in the early stages of the fibrotic process. Type VI collagen accumulation may contribute to the distorted architecture and functional impairment of the liver in hepatic fibrosis.
Electrocardiographic Differences between COPD Patients Evaluated for Lung Transplantation With and without Pulmonary Hypertension

AbstractIntroduction: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an indicator of poor prognosis in COPD patients; particularly in those with mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 40 mm Hg. Electrocardiography (ECG) might be useful for screening of this condition. Methods: Retrospective study of COPD patients evaluated for lung transplantation in whom we analyzed the 12-lead ECG performed closest to the time of right heart catheterization. Results: We included 142 patients. PH was present in 90 patients (63%) and 16 (11%) had a mean PAP ≥ 40 mmHg. The PR interval was longer in PH patients (151 (29) versus 139 (22) ms, p = 0.01) and T wave axis had a left shift (56.9 (32) versus 68.7 (19) degrees, p = 0.006). PR interval was longer (178.5 (35) versus 142.2 (23) ms, p = 0.001), T wave axis had a leftward deflection (63.6 (24) versus 42.8 (46) degrees, p = 0.005) and S wave in lead I was larger (0.19 (0.13) versus 0.12 (0.12) mV, p = 0.03) in patients with mean PAP ≥ 40 mmHg. A PR interval > 137 ms and S wave in DI > 0.02 mV ...
Chapter 20 Strategies for Rare Cell Detection and Isolation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a fairly nontechnical, practical, and pragmatic way what one can do with conventional flow cytometry and cell sorting instrumentation to analyze and sort rare cells. It also attempts to point out some of the methodological pitfalls. Most flow cytometers use cell light scatter as a default system trigger for obvious reasons. All cells should have a light scatter signal, whereas only some cells will be fluorescent. Light scatter can also be used to eliminate debris at the analog level prior to digital signal processing, which can greatly reduce the effective dead time of the instrument. The chapter demonstrates that with sensitivity to the problems of rare cell analysis and sorting, it is possible to analyze rare and, in some cases, ultrarare cells. Impure sorts may suffice for many situations. The theoretical discussions in this chapter are designed to enable experimenters to determine whether their experiments are at all feasible. Each biological application should be approached pragmatically; the analysis or sort may not need to be perfect, only good enough to answer the question at hand.
Karmarkar’s Algorithm

The appearance in 1984 of Karmarkar’s Algorithm for linear programming generated much excitement in the mathematical community. Also known as the projective transformation method, Karmarkar’s Algorithm was the first polynomial-time linear programming algorithm to compete viably with Simplex on real-world problems. Like the Ellipsoid Algorithm, Karrnarkar’s Algorithm almost completely ignores the combinatorial structure of linear programming.
A facile and low-cost length sorting of single-wall carbon nanotubes by precipitation and applications for thin-film transistors

Semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with long lengths are highly desirable for many applications such as thin-film transistors and circuits. Previously reported length sorting techniques usually require sophisticated instrumentation and are hard to scale up. In this paper, we report for the first time a general phenomenon of a length-dependent precipitation of surfactant-dispersed carbon nanotubes by polymers, salts, and their combinations. Polyelectrolytes such as polymethacrylate (PMAA) and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) are found to be especially effective on cholate and deoxycholate dispersed SWCNTs. By adding PMAA to these nanotube dispersions in a stepwise fashion, we have achieved nanotube precipitation in a length-dependent order: first nanotubes with an average length of 650 nm, and then successively of 450 nm, 350 nm, and 250 nm. A similar effect of nanotube length sorting has also been observed for PSS. To demonstrate the utility of the length fractionation, the 650 nm-long nanotube fraction was subjected to an aqueous two-phase separation to obtain semiconducting enriched nanotubes. Thin-film transistors fabricated with the resulting semiconducting SWCNTs showed a carrier mobility up to 18 cm2 (V s)−1 and an on/off ratio up to 107. Our result sheds new light on the phase behavior of aqueous nanotube dispersions under high concentrations of polymers and salts, and offers a facile, low-cost, and scalable method to produce length sorted semiconducting nanotubes for macroelectronics applications.
Positively reinforcing brain shock as a CS in the acquisition and extinction of a shuttle box avoidance response

It was predicted that animals receiving positively reinforcing electrical stimulation of the brain as a conditioned stimulus for a shuttle box avoidance response would extinguish faster than animals receiving a neutral peripheral stimulus as a CS. The two groups did not differ in terms of acquisition or extinction.
Expressive Language Delay Related to Chromosome 7 Defect

Genetic analysis in a boy aged 8 years 10 months with severe delay in expressive language and orofacial dyspraxia uncovered reciprocal duplications of the Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) locus at chromosome 7q11.23, in a report from the University of Alberta, and other centers in Canada, USA, and Spain.
Administrative Reorganization in Iowa 1

Apart from the agitation of such questions as the regulation of primary elections, equal suffrage, the initiative and referendum, and the debates on the establishment of the board of control of state institutions in 1898 and the creation of the state board of education in 1909, there has been little or no discussion of the problem of the reorganization of state government in Iowa until very recently. Indeed, a lively interest in the problems of reorganization seems first to have found expression in 1913 in the thirty-fifth general assembly which, besides endorsing the short ballot principle by providing for the appointment of the state superintendent of public instruction, the clerk of the supreme court, and the supreme court reporter, authorized the joint committee on retrenchment and reform to employ "expert accountants and efficiency engineers" and to "institute such changes in the administration of public affairs as will promote the efficiency and economical administration of the affairs of the State in its various departments." It was in accordance with the legislation of March 17, 1913, that the firm of Quail, Parker & Co. was engaged to assist the joint committee on retrenchment and reform and under the direction and supervision of that committee "to examine and report upon the existing procedures incident to the transaction of the business of the State in the various offices and departments located at the seat of government in the city of Des Moines; and to make recommendations with a view to the betterment thereof." The sum of $10,000 was appropriated to meet the expenses of the proposed investigations. On Sep-
Laboratory Feeding Preferences of the Banded Woollybear, Isia isabella

Larvae of Isia isabella (J. E. Smith) were offered cuttings of 95 plant species representing 57 families. The plants included many that contain well-known secondary plant substances. Feeding was assayed by fecal pellet count and direct observation in a 24-hour period. Consumption of the various plants varied widely, but many of the biochemically distinctive species were eaten readily. Only 1 plant, Equisetum arvense, failed to elicit any feeding response. Petunia violacea was consumed freely but is toxic to young larvae after 24 hours' exposure; older larvae tolerate the plant.
Corn Fiber Oil Lowers Plasma Cholesterol by Altering Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism and Up-Regulating LDL Receptors in Guinea Pigs

To evaluate some of the mechanisms involved in the hypocholesterolemic effects of corn fiber oil (CFO), male Hartley guinea pigs were fed diets containing increasing doses of CFO [0 (control), 5, 10 or 15 g/100 g]. Total fat was adjusted to 15 g/100 g in all diets with regular corn oil. Diets contained 0.25 g/100 g cholesterol. A positive control group (LC) with low dietary cholesterol (0.04 g/100 g) was also included. Plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations were 32, 55 and 57% (P < 0.0005) lower with increasing doses of CFO. Compared with controls, intake of CFO resulted in 27-32% lower hepatic microsomal cholesterol (P < 0.0001), the regulatory pool of LDL receptor (LDL-R) expression. CFO intake resulted in favorable plasma and hepatic cholesterol concentrations, similar to those in guinea pigs fed the LC diet. Hepatic cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7) activity was approximately 88% higher in guinea pigs fed the two higher dosages of CFO (P < 0.05). In parallel, CYP7 mRNA abundance was approximately 88% higher in guinea pigs fed all three CFO diets. CFO treatment also induced hepatic LDLR mRNA by 66-150% with significant differences at the highest CFO dose. These results suggest that CFO, as a result of decreased bile acid absorption, increased mRNA abundance and activity of CYP7. Because hepatic cholesterol is the substrate for CYP7, a lowering of cholesterol concentrations in the total and microsomal pools was observed. As a response to the depleted microsomal free cholesterol pool, the LDL receptor was up-regulated, drawing more cholesterol from plasma, thus leading to the observed decrease in plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations.
Do Project Pedagogies Make a Difference

ABSTRACTCommunity-based action research (CBAR) encourages students to view internships and other civic-engagement opportunities as the first steps in collaborative projects that build long-term relationships with community partners and model how democracy works. We marshal longitudinal data, qualitative and quantitative, on both attitudes and behaviors to demonstrate meaningful impacts of community-based work by university students. Our approach to this difficult question involves the use of a treatment group contrasted with two distinct control groups: one situated somewhat closely to the experiences of the treatment group and one more distantly. Despite the difficulty of developing metrics of attitude and behavior change over relatively short periods of time, we achieve leverage on the question of how project pedagogies and experiential learning shape civic attitude formation and associated changed behaviors.
Some Unsuccessful Approaches to the Approximation Problem

Although, as the heading indicates, the methods in this chapter do not yield useful results for the stochastic process we seek to approximate here, they provide insight into the difficulties of approximating nonlinear birth and death processes in general. That these methods fail for the nonlinear process at hand is no indication that they would not yield useful results for others.
Optimization of shapes for round-wire high-frequency gapped-inductor windings

A numerical method is used to determine the winding shape that minimizes total winding losses in a gapped inductor with round-wire windings. The algorithm accounts for proximity-effect loss that results from the two-dimensional field in the winding area, and for the effect of the winding on that field. Results are presented for an example geometry. The optimized configuration has significantly lower losses alternative designs including lumped-gap distributed-gap inductors with windings designed using standard one-dimensional analysis.
Why Do LES of Langmuir Supercells Not Include Rotation

AbstractExisting large-eddy simulations (LES) of Langmuir supercells (LS) do not include rotational terms. Despite the fact that the actual coastal ocean is certainly affected by rotation, such simulations are found to provide excellent agreement with a wide range of features of LS observed in the shallow coastal ocean. This note explains why it is indeed acceptable to compare results of a nonrotational LES of LS in a laterally unbounded domain with observations of LS made in a rotating fluid with a lateral boundary.
Fractional spectral vanishing viscosity method: Application to the quasi-geostrophic equation

Abstract We introduce the concept of fractional spectral vanishing viscosity (fSVV) to solve conservations laws that govern the evolution of steep fronts. We apply this method to the two-dimensional surface quasi-geostrophic (SQG) equation. The classical solutions of the inviscid SQG equation can develop finite-time singularities. By applying the fSVV method, we are able to simulate these solutions with high accuracy and long-time integration with relatively low resolution. Numerical diffusion in fSVV can be tuned by the fractional order as needed. Hence, fSVV can also be applied to integer-order conservation laws that exhibit steep solutions and evolving fronts.
Interprofessional collaboration among helping professions: Experiences with holistic client care

Abstract This study explores interprofessional collaboration for holistic client care within the helping disciplines. Specifically, the experiences of behavioral health, nursing, dental hygiene, social work, psychology, medicine, and human services professionals were examined using an exploratory design. Their attitudes and experiences are presented to help shape the definition, understanding, and parameters of interprofessionalism among helping professions. Challenges to the interprofessional relationship are also identified which lend insight toward enhancing service delivery. The role of the community in interprofessional collaborations was examined and supported the need for interprofessional collaboration in holistic client care.
West Circassian polysynthesis at the morphology-syntax interface

This paper presents an analysis of word formation in West Circassian, a polysynthetic language. I argue that while verbs and nouns superficially share a similar morphological profile, they are in fact constructed through two distinct word formation strategies: while verbal morphology is concatenated via syntactic head movement, the noun phrase is pronounced as a single word due to rules of syntax-to-prosody mapping. Such a division of labor provides an account for why only nouns, and not verbs, exhibit productive noun incorporation in the language: West Circassian noun incorporation is prosodic, rather than syntactic. The evidence for this two-fold approach to word formation comes from morpheme ordering in nominalizations.
Algorithms for control and interaction of large formations of robots

NSF and NASA sponsored a workshop to discuss harvesting solar power in space. One solution considered was the use of a swarm of robots to form a solar reflector. How can these robots organize to form a large parabolic structure and be effectively controlled? The approach of this project is to treat the formation as a lattice of cells. Each cell is in one of a given state governed by a set of mles. A command that indicates the geometric formation is sent to a seed robot; the formation would then transform as neighbors attain their calculated relationship based on the formation definition.
A dynamic model of the U.S. cotton market with rational expectations

This study presents a dynamic rational expectations model for the U.S. cotton market. The dynamic decision rules are derived from the cotton farmer and miller optimization problems; and the equilibrium movements of prices, production, land allocation, and mill consumption are solved analytically. The dynamic element in the cotton farmer and miller problems come from the cost functions. In the cotton cost function a sequential adjustment cost is used while a quadratic cost function is used in the cotton yarns cost function. These optimal decision rules are derived as functions of past values of these decision variables, expectations of future product prices, and other exogenous variables. Assuming rational expectations and knowing the orders of the Markov-processes for the relevant state variables and the disturbances, closed-form regression equations representing decision rules and stochastic processes are obtained. Then, the VAR approach and Granger-causality test are used to obtain information which help to forecast the relevant state variables at the first stage of estimation. With the specific assumption on the errors, a dynamic mill demand for cotton is estimated by using the method of nonlinear least squares and tested by using the likelihood ratio. The empirical results provide some support for the specific model. Furthermore, the empirical model provides a framework for policy evaluation.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-β and its Agonists in Hypertension and Atherosclerosis

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the US. Proper management and/or prevention of atherosclerosis and hypertension, two complex and chronic disorders, would significantly reduce the risk for cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke, but this requires an understanding of the mechanisms underlying their development and progression. Whereas a great deal has been learned and applied toward the management of these disorders, especially hypertension, morbidity and mortality remains unacceptably high, most likely because there are disease-causing mechanisms that have yet to be fully recognized. Understanding these disease mechanisms is necessary so that novel management strategies can be developed. One of these novel mechanisms centers on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma. PPAR-gamma is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors known to play a role in glucose homeostasis and adipocyte differentiation and, more recently, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antiatherogenic, and antihypertensive effects. Thiazolidinediones, a class of drugs used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, are high-affinity ligands for PPAR-gamma. In this review, the anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, and anti-hypertensive mechanisms by which PPAR-gamma and its agonists are thought to exert protective effects on the cardiovascular system are discussed. Ongoing clinical trials using PPAR-gamma activators for the management of cardiovascular diseases, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, are summarized.
Local magnetization in thes-d model

A calculation of the local magnetization in thes-d model is made up to terms of second order in «J ». It is shown that, assuming a constant density of states symmetric about the Fermi level, one obtains a singular contribution to the local magnetization in the limit of small magnetic fields whose value is\(\left\langle {S^z } \right\rangle _{\sin g} \sim J^2 \left\langle {(S^2 )^2 } \right\rangle _{H = 0} [4\beta \Delta \omega _0 \ln \beta D + 2\beta \omega _0 \ln \beta D]\), whereD is the half-width of the density of states and Δω0 is proportional to the difference in «g » factors. The evaluation of all integrals leading to the above result is discussed in detail.
Working Without a Net: Recent Trends in Ceramic Ethnoarchaeology

This paper reviews ceramic ethnoarchaeological research conducted subsequent to Kramer's (1985) seminal stock-taking. Among current trends are a continued interest in the relationship between ceramics and economic specialization, the degree to which manufacture constitutes a technological “style,” and the link between pots and formation processes as represented in assemblage sizes, use-lives, and recycling. At the same time, some pesky theoretical issues continue to be sidestepped in the current literature. Despite its reputation as a pleasant break from the “real business” of archaeology, this paper argues that ceramic ethnoarchaeology can and should play a more substantial role in archaeological investigations.
Wiskind-Elper, Ora. Hasidic Commentary on the Torah. London: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2018.

Book review: Wiskind-Elper, Ora. Hasidic Commentary on the Torah. London: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2018.
Recent advances in remote sensing of precipitation and soil moisture products for riverine flood prediction

Abstract In this chapter the recent advances in remote sensing for flood prediction are discussed. Remote sensing methods are providing different datasets and products, useful for improving our capability of monitoring and predicting floods. Two fundamental variables for the prediction of floods are analyzed: precipitation and soil moisture. The challenges and future directions to be addressed for the full exploitation of these satellite products are identified. The chapter further underlines the need of making scientists and end-users aware of the availability and potential of satellite observations and of fostering a closed collaboration between the remote sensing community (data developers) and the data user communities (e.g., hydrologists, agronomists).
A 60 GHz Polarization-Duplex TX/RX Front-End with Dual-Pol Antenna-IC Co-Integration in SiGe BiCMOS

In this work, a 60 GHz simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) TRX front-end with co-integrated antennas to achieve efficient polarization-duplex mm-wave front-end is presented. The proposed antenna approach provides broadside radiation through the substrate and is compatible with low-res silicon substrates. On-chip slot structures are driven by PAs with antenna power combining for increased output power and efficiency. The orthogonal-polarization feeds provide >40 dB simulated isolation between TX and RX around 60 GHz. Subsequent TX self-interference cancellation (SIC) at the LNA output is achieved with part of the TX signal coupled to a cancellation path, includes a reflection-type attenuator (RTA) and reflection-type phase shifter (RTPS) that provides >20 dB gain variation and full 360° variable phase shift. Overall, total average SIC >40 dB is achieved for 1.07 GHz RF bandwidth at 60 GHz in the presence of a reflector.
IMS-based IPTV

This paper proposes an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)-based Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) solution, in which the HTTP Call Session Control Function (H-CSCF) equipment enables the integration of an IPTV system into an IMS core via the Mw interface. Without upgrading and modifying the existing IPTV terminals, this solution allows operators to provide IMS-based IPTV services with unified subscriber management, guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS), while blending it into other next-generation services. Based on this solution, IMS operators can offer IPTV services or IPTV-based converged services though an IMS architecture; IPTV operators can implement IPTV and IMS interworking through updating and modifying the core equipment, to reduce the operational costs.
“Your Skin’s Not as Good as Us”: Microaggressions among Transracially-Adopted Children from China

This mixed methods study examined the nature of adoption and racial microaggressions and their relations with age and community diversity among 42 Chinese transracial adoptees ages 5–9. Using micro...
Materielle Anforderungen an die Dokumentation

Neben den formellen Aspekten ist fur die Ausgestaltung der Dokumentationspflicht entscheidend, was deren Inhalt ist und in welchem Umfang sie besteht. Erganzend kommt es darauf an, welche Anforderungen hinsichtlich der Nachvollziehbarkeit zu stellen sind.
Can the One-Parameter Logistic Model Be a Spurious Finding for a Heterogeneous Population?

ABSTRACTUtilizing the perspective of finite mixture modeling, this note considers whether a finding of a plausible one-parameter logistic model could be spurious for a population with substantial u...
Stroke Volume Reserve Is an Independent Predictor of Survival and Need for Advanced Therapies in Systolic Heart Failure Patients

Background Current predictors of clinical deterioration in patients with heart-failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) have limited accuracy. We investigated whether stroke volume reserve index (SVRI) would predict 1-year mortality and need for advanced therapies in HFrEF patients. Methods We retrospectively studied a consecutive series of 104 ambulatory HFrEF patients (59±11 years, 89% men) at our center who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) from January 2017 to September 2018. The primary outcome was defined as heart-transplantation, urgent left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation or death within 1 year of evaluation. SVRI was estimated at rest and at anaerobic threshold (AT) by VO2 (oxygen consumption)/pulse and previously validated estimates of C[a-v]O2 (arteriovenous difference in oxygen content). Multivariate regression selected the optimal predictors from clinical, CPET and right heart catheterization data. Results Among HFrEF patients studied, 39 (37.5%) deteriorated: 16 required heart-transplantation, 8 required LVADs and 15 died. SVRI 128% or less was the best predictor (OR 6.69, p=0.001), followed by an invasively determined resting cardiac index 2 L/min/m2 or less (OR 3.18, p=0.02), and peak VO2 below the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) cut-off (OR 4.15, p=0.01). A scoring system derived from the SVRI (less than 128%: 2 points), peak VO2 (below the ISHLT cut-off: 1 point), and cardiac index (less than 2 L/min/m2: 1 point) predicted clinical deterioration with a sensitivity of 64% and specificity of 81%. Conclusions SVRI is a non-invasive measurement that may predict deterioration in HFrEF patients more accurately than currently recommended predictors.
Phase II trial of docetaxel (T), cisplatin (P), and cetuximab (E) followed by concurrent radiation (RT), P, and E in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)

6051 Background: E is a chimeric IgG1 monoclonal antibody against the external domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor that may enhance the efficacy of RT and chemotherapy. Our goal was to i...
Intentional Integration of K-12 STEM Education With the Challenges of Cities: Do This, Avoid That, Here Are Tools

In the volume STEM in the Technopolis: The Power of STEM Education in Regional Technology Policy, the editors brought together three kinds of chapters: (1) foundational principles of STEM education in the context of cities and regions: integrating with industry clusters; applying STEM education philosophy, theory, and models (pedagogy); digital equity; and quantitative measures; (2) cases at city/regional level reflecting these principles; (3) cases with rich national context that also reflect these principles. Focus was brought to these ideas especially at the primary and secondary (K-12) level. In this final chapter, a summary and guide to application is provided. The chapter is organized around the successes, barriers, strategies, tools and techniques that can be used to implement the ideas of this volume in one’s local community. Details come from the volume’s chapters and from the results of a public conference organized around volume development, led by the editors, and attended by most lead authors. Tools and techniques include the Eight Indicators of a Virtuous Cycle, the STEM Technopolis Model/Wheel, the STEM Technopolis Virtuous Cycle, technopolis digital equity strategies, categories for measurement, a cross-reference between common challenges and cases, and a process any committed stakeholder can follow to being to build a STEM Technopolis in their community.
Developing a SWATH capillary LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous therapeutic drug monitoring and untargeted metabolomics analysis of neonatal plasma

Most medications prescribed to neonatal patients are off-label uses. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs differ significantly between neonates and adults. Therefore, personalized pharmacotherapy guided by therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and drug response biomarkers are particularly beneficial to neonatal patients. Herein, we developed a capillary LC-MS/MS metabolomics method using a SWATH-based data-independent acquisition strategy for simultaneous targeted and untargeted metabolomics analysis of neonatal plasma samples. We applied the method to determine the global plasma metabolomics profiles and quantify the plasma concentrations of five drugs commonly used in neonatal intensive care units, including ampicillin, caffeine, fluconazole, vancomycin, and midazolam and its active metabolite α-hydroxymidazolam, in neonatal patients. The method was successfully validated and found to be suitable for the TDM of the drugs of interest. Moreover, the global metabolomics analysis revealed plasma metabolite features that could differentiate preterm and full-term neonates. This study demonstrated that the SWATH-based capillary LC-MS/MS metabolomics approach could be a powerful tool for simultaneous TDM and the discovery of neonatal plasma metabolite biomarkers.