cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Validation of cerebral arteriovenous malformation hemodynamics assessed by DSA using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography: preliminary study.

Background The hemodynamic evaluation of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) using DSA has not been validated against true flow measurements. Objective To validate AVM hemodynamics assessed by DSA using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography (QMRA). Materials and methods Patients seen at our institution between 2007 and 2016 with a supratentorial AVM and DSA and QMRA obtained before any treatment were retrospectively reviewed. DSA assessment of AVM flow comprised AVM arterial-to-venous time (A-Vt) and iFlow transit time. A-Vt was defined as the difference between peak contrast intensity in the cavernous internal carotid artery and peak contrast intensity in the draining vein. iFlow transit times were determined using syngo iFlow software. A-Vt and iFlow transit times were correlated with total AVM flow measured using QMRA and AVM angioarchitectural and clinical features. Results 33 patients (mean age 33 years) were included. Nine patients presented with hemorrhage. Mean AVM volume was 9.8 mL (range 0.3–57.7 mL). Both A-Vt (r=−0.47, p=0.01) and iFlow (r=−0.44, p=0.01) correlated significantly with total AVM flow. iFlow transit time was significantly shorter in patients who presented with seizure but A-Vt and iFlow did not vary with other AVM angioarchitectural features such as venous stenosis or hemorrhagic presentation. Conclusions A-Vt and iFlow transit times on DSA correlate with cerebral AVM flow measured using QMRA. Thus, these parameters may be used to indirectly estimate AVM flow before and after embolization during angiography in real time.
SLEEP PATTERNS AND LIKELIHOOD OF STROKE AND CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS

85 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Sleep patterns may independently affect morbidity and mortality. However, the effect of habitual sleep patterns on the risk for stroke and carotid atherosclerosis is undetermined. METHODS: We evaluated the association of nocturnal snoring, sleep duration, and daytime somnolence with stroke and carotid artery stenosis in 1,348 adults who participated in a stroke screening program in Buffalo, New York. A standard questionnaire was used for each person to report sleep habits and cardiovascular risk factors. Each participant underwent carotid Doppler ultrasound testing and an interview by a neurologist or neurosurgeon to determine the presence of carotid stenosis or history of stroke. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine these relationships. RESULTS: Of the 1348 persons evaluated, 82 (6%) had a previous stroke and 96 (7.1%) had significant carotid stenosis (stenosis > 60%). The frequency of prior stroke was higher in individuals who routinely slept for more than 8 hours per night (14%) than in those who either slept for 6–8 hours (5.4%) or less than 6 hours (5.4%). Persons who experienced daytime somnolence regularly had a higher frequency of stroke (14%) than those who did not (4%). After adjusting for differences in age, race, gender, cigarette smoking, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, the risk for stroke was significantly associated with daytime somnolence (Wald s chi-square test 11.8, p=0.018), average hours of sleep (Wald s chi-square test 14.7, p=0.002), and frequency of nocturnal snoring (Wald s chi-square test 13.3, p=0.009). After adjusting for other cardiovascular risk factors, daytime somnolence, average hours of sleep, and frequency of nocturnal snoring were not associated with carotid atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS: Daytime somnolence, sleeping more than 8 hours per night, and frequent nocturnal snoring increase the likelihood for stroke but not carotid atherosclerosis. This increased likelihood for stroke appears to be independent of atherosclerotic mechanisms and other cardiovascular risk factors.
The Venomous Virgin: Fact or Fantasy?

Abstract The venomous virgin is a fascinating case of the applied use of toxicology in antiquity. A girl was purportedly fed minute amounts of poison, gradually increasing as she aged, until she became venomous herself and could be wielded as an unwitting assassin against an enemy king. On the basis of original research as well as the foundational article of N.M. Penzer, this piece explores references to the venomous virgin in ancient India and medieval Europe. While Penzer considers the poison damsel to be a purely literary invention, the present author compares the facts with cases of mithridatism to suggest that venomous virgins might have really existed.
Comparing harm beliefs and risk perceptions among young adult waterpipe tobacco smokers and nonsmokers: Implications for cessation and prevention.

Abstract Introduction Very little is known about how waterpipe tobacco smokers and nonsmokers compare on harm beliefs about waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) and how these beliefs are related to risk appraisals and intentions to engage in WTS. We investigated these issues among young adult waterpipe tobacco smokers, susceptible nonsmokers, and non-susceptible nonsmokers. Methods Young adults ages 18 to 30 who smoked waterpipe tobacco during the last 30 days or never used waterpipe tobacco were recruited online through Turkprime. Nonsmokers were grouped as susceptible or not. Participants completed measures of harm beliefs, risk appraisals (i.e., perceived risks and worry), and desire to quit among smokers or willingness/curiosity to try waterpipe among nonsmokers. Results Analyses were based on 247 smokers and 418 nonsmokers. Smokers endorsed most strongly harm beliefs that portrayed WTS as safe, followed by susceptible and then non-susceptible nonsmokers. Most harm beliefs were significantly related to risk appraisals, yet weakly associated with desire to quit or willingness/curiosity to try waterpipe tobacco, except among susceptible nonsmokers. Conclusions Greater efforts are needed to correct maladaptive beliefs about WTS harms, especially among smokers. Among susceptible nonsmokers, harm beliefs may be more influential in predicting willingness to try WTS than risk appraisals.
IV. Practical Implications of Abandoning Just War

This final section focuses less on theory, theology, and ethics and more on the practical implications if the church were to abandon JWT. After such sustained critique, it is crucial to reiterate the points made earlier regarding how many just-war thinkers, like ourselves, affirm what is in the Appeal. We agree with and support most of what it says. Where we part company with the Appeal is over the two sentences and one bullet point (forty-five words) outlined above.
The CHANCE study: A prospective, longitudinal study of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy induced hair changes and alopecia, skin aging and nail changes in women with non-metastatic breast cancer.

e12500Background: Late effects such as persistent alopecia, skin aging, and nail dystrophy resulting from cytotoxic or endocrine agents used in early stages of breast cancer are poorly understood. ...
Does Haste Make Waste in Regulatory Analysis

Most federal agencies must conduct economic analysis when proposing major regulations. This paper uses a new data set scoring the quality of analysis accompanying proposed regulations in 2008 to assess whether some types of regulations receive more thorough analysis than others. Previous scholarship speculates that “midnight regulations” receive less thorough consideration, and the Office of Management and Budget asserts that agencies rarely estimate benefits and costs of “transfer” regulations that describe how agencies will spend or collect money. Our tests find that “midnight” regulations proposed after June 1, 2008, and “transfer” regulations both have significantly lower-quality analysis.
The case for recycling: Overview and challenges in the material supply chain for automotive li-ion batteries

Abstract Lithium ion batteries (LIB) continue to gain market share in response to the increasing demand for electric vehicles, consumer electronics, and energy storage. The increased demand for LIB has highlighted potential problems in the supply chain of raw materials needed for their manufacture. Some critical metals used in LIB, namely lithium, cobalt, and graphite are scarce, are not currently mined in large quantities, or are mined in only a few countries whose trade policies could limit availability and impact prices. The environmental and social impacts of mining these materials have also drawn attention as production ramps up to meet the increased demand. Closed-loop systems with recycling at the end-of-life provide a pathway to lower environmental impacts and a source of high value materials that can be used in producing new batteries. Because environmental regulations concerning end-of-life batteries are not fully developed or implemented, most of these batteries currently end up in the landfills, with a very small number of spent batteries sent to the existing recycling facilities. However, with proactive regulations, an increasing supply of spent batteries, and innovations in recycling technologies, end-of-life batteries could supply a significant fraction of the materials needed for manufacturing of new LIB. This paper reviews the current state of the LIB manufacturing supply chain, addresses some issues associated with battery end-of-life, and sheds light on the importance of LIB recycling from the environmental and value chain perspectives. We also discuss the expected benefits of recycling on the global LIB supply chain.
Momentum-Transfer Theory

Chapter 2 presented a somewhat rapid review of various types of drift-tube experiments that have been and are being used to study gaseous ion mobility, diffusion, and reaction. In the remainder of this book, we consider the theories behind such experiments.
Critical care resources utilized in high-risk adenotonsillectomy patients.

Objective Children at high risk for respiratory complication after adenotonsillectomy are often admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) postoperatively. Although many patients receive care in such units, it is unknown how many utilize critical care resources. Methods A review was conducted to audit intensive care needs of postadenotonsillectomy patients admitted to the PICU at a tertiary, academic, pediatric hospital between July 2013, and March 2017. Demographic information, ICU indication, polysomnogram results, and comorbidities were collected. Patients were defined as needing ICU resources based on supplemental oxygen requirements greater than 2 L between 2 to 24 hours postoperatively, more than two desaturation events in a 2-hour period, or more than hourly nursing intervention. Factors associated with utilization of ICU resources were assessed. Results One hundred and ten patients were admitted to the PICU after adenotonsillectomy. Median age was 4.2 years, median body mass index was 90.8 percentile, and median apnea hypopnea index (AHI) was 34.3. Twenty patients (18.2%) utilized ICU resources by criteria defined. Of these patients, 14 were known to need such resources by 2 hours postoperatively (70%, negative predictive value 93.8%). Neither AHI nor obesity status was correlated with need for resources; however, resource need was associated with young age, gastrostomy tube status, and neuromuscular disorders (P = 0.048, P = 0.002 and 0.013, respectively). Conclusion Most high-risk adenotonsillectomy patients do not utilize critical care resources despite their increased perioperative risk. Patients with respiratory complications are frequently identifiable within the first 2 hours of surgery. Level of evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 129:1229-1234, 2019.
BRUGADA SYNDROME IN A YOUNG PATIENT: TO RECOMMEND AN ICD OR NOT TO RECOMMEND AN ICD?

Syncope is a common symptom with a broad differential diagnosis. Physicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for inherited cardiac arrhythmias. A 32 year-old male presented after suffering syncope. He was lifting weights when he lost consciousness without warning. A similar episode occurred
ROLE OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (CRP) IN THE DIFFERENTIATION OF LYME AND VIRAL MENINGITIS IN A LYME-ENDEMIC AREA

Objective To determine the ability of C-reactive protein (CRP) to differentiate viral and Lyme meningitis in children. Methods Children ages 2–18 years were prospectively enrolled over three consecutive seasons. during which Lyme disease was prevalent when the attending physician had concern for meningitis. A CRP was obtained on all patients undergoing lumbar puncture. The study received approval from the Institutional Review Board. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 11.5 for Windows (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). Results Over the three study periods, 80 patients were enrolled. The results are shown in the table. Conclusions CRP appears to be unhelpful in differentiating Lyme and viral meningitis. Despite published data that suggest CRP is elevated in most patients with Lyme disease (4), we did not find the CRP to be consistently elevated in patients with Lyme meningitis.
IMMUNOLOGICAL DETECTION OF THE NEOTYPHODIUM-LIKE ENDOPHYTE OF ANNUAL RYEGRASS

Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) is sometimes infected with a Neotyphodium-like endophytic fungus (Latch et al. 1988). The significance of this little-studied endophyte is not thought to be great as it has not been associated with any livestock disorders, or with resistance to invertebrates, with the exception that Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis) adults were deterred from feeding on young seedlings ([Latch et al. 1988). The Neotyphodium-like endophyte has also not been fully described taxonomically. The experiments described in this paper aimed to determine whether the Neotyphodium-like endophyte could be detected in annual ryegrass herbage (vegetative and reproductive) using a polyclonal antiserum prepared against the tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) endophyte, N. coenophialum. This would also provide information about the serological relationship between N. coenophialum and the Neotyphodium-like endophyte.
Deep learning predicts extreme preterm birth from electronic health records

Abstract Objective Models for predicting preterm birth generally have focused on very preterm (28–32 weeks) and moderate to late preterm (32–37 weeks) settings. However, extreme preterm birth (EPB), before the 28th week of gestational age, accounts for the majority of newborn deaths. We investigated the extent to which deep learning models that consider temporal relations documented in electronic health records (EHRs) can predict EPB. Study design EHR data were subject to word embedding and a temporal deep learning model, in the form of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to predict EPB. Due to the low prevalence of EPB, the models were trained on datasets where controls were undersampled to balance the case-control ratio. We then applied an ensemble approach to group the trained models to predict EPB in an evaluation setting with a nature EPB ratio. We evaluated the RNN ensemble models with 10 years of EHR data from 25,689 deliveries at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. We compared their performance with traditional machine learning models (logistical regression, support vector machine, gradient boosting) trained on the datasets with balanced and natural EPB ratio. Risk factors associated with EPB were identified using an adjusted odds ratio. Results The RNN ensemble models trained on artificially balanced data achieved a higher AUC (0.827 vs. 0.744) and sensitivity (0.965 vs. 0.682) than those RNN models trained on the datasets with naturally imbalanced EPB ratio. In addition, the AUC (0.827) and sensitivity (0.965) of the RNN ensemble models were better than the AUC (0.777) and sensitivity (0.819) of the best baseline models trained on balanced data. Also, risk factors, including twin pregnancy, short cervical length, hypertensive disorder, systemic lupus erythematosus, and hydroxychloroquine sulfate, were found to be associated with EPB at a significant level. Conclusion Temporal deep learning can predict EPB up to 8 weeks earlier than its occurrence. Accurate prediction of EPB may allow healthcare organizations to allocate resources effectively and ensure patients receive appropriate care.
Revisional Surgery for Sleeve Gastrectomy

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy has become the most commonly performed procedure for weight loss, employing a combination of volume restriction and hormonal changes as a means of treating morbid obesity. Despite widespread use, the procedure is not without its complications, including gastric leaks from the staple line, strictures and stenoses, gastroesophageal reflux, insufficient weight loss, and progressive weight regain. Many of these complications necessitate surgical revision of the sleeve, and although many published studies describe options for revision, there has been no definitive road map in determining which procedure best addresses the given complication. In an effort to discuss the current literature regarding complications of sleeve gastrectomy and provide direction to the bariatric surgeon, this chapter will focus on the technical basics of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and management options for the aforementioned complications, including preoperative evaluation prior to revision and surgical techniques for revision, specifically conversion to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), re-sleeve gastrectomy (Re-SG), and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS).
Variability in Proto-Planetary Nebulae: VI. Multi-Telescope Light Curves Studies of Several Medium-Bright (V=13-15), Carbon-Rich Objects

We present ten years of new photometric monitoring of the light variability of five evolved stars with strong mid-infrared emission from surrounding dust. Three are known carbon-rich proto-planetary nebulae (PPNe) with F$-$G spectral types; the nature of the other two was previously unknown. For the three PPNe, we determine or refine the pulsation periods of IRAS 04296+3429 (71 days), 06530$-$0213 (80 days), and 23304+6147 (84 days). A secondary period was found for each, with a period ratio P$_2$/P$_1$ of 0.9. The light variations are small, 0.1-0.2 mag. These are similar to values found in other PPNe. The other two are found to be giant stars. IRAS 09296+1159 pulsates with a period of only 47 days but reaches pulsational light variations of 0.5 mag. Supplemental spectroscopy reveals the spectrum of a CH carbon star. IRAS 08359$-$1644 is a G1III star that does not display pulsational variability; rather, it shows non-periodic decreases of brightness of up to 0.5 mag over this ten-year interval. These drops in brightness are reminiscent of the light curves of R Corona Borealis variables, but with much smaller decreases in brightness, and are likely due to transient dust obscuration. Its SED is very similar to that of the unusual oxygen-rich giant star HDE 233517, which possesses mid-infrared hydrocarbon emission features. These two non-PPNe turn out to members of the rare group of giant stars with large mid-infrared excesses due to dust, objects which presumably have interesting evolutionary histories.
A small footprint curriculum for computing: (and why on earth anyone would want such a thing)

Computing -- not just programming, but the fundamental ideas behind computational thinking and computational systems -- is increasingly important to a broad set of disciplines ranging from computational biology to organizational behavior and from statistics to philosophy. At the same time, computer science curricula reflect the growth of the discipline and its maturing efforts to capture a broad range computational phenomena, leading to larger and more inwardly focused computational programs. This talk describes an alternative, the small footprint curriculum developed at Olin College, and the lessons learned in creating this curriculum about what is core to computing. While Olin's program was constrained by the need to incorporate hands-on problem solving, teamwork, and design within an engineering curriculum, the talk will also survey the many other educational trends that make such a small-footprint curriculum desirable.Lynn Andrea Stein is Professor of Computer and Cognitive Science and the Director of the Computers and Cognition Laboratory at the newly established Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering in Needham, Massachusetts. Prior to becoming one of Olin's first faculty members, Stein spent a decade on the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she was a member of the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and the Laboratory for Computer Science. Stein's research focuses on the role that interaction plays in both computational and cognitive processes; her projects include the construction of an artificial humanoid and an intelligent room, philosophical and pragmatic work from knowledge representation to the semantics of cognition, and most recently co-authorship of foundational documents for the semantic web.
Discovery of a novel deaminated metabolite of a single-stranded oligonucleotide in vivo by mass spectrometry

Aim: A novel single-stranded deaminated oligonucleotide metabolite resulting from a REVERSIR™ oligonucleotide was discovered and identified in monkey liver after subcutaneous administration. Results & methodology: REVERSIR-A and its metabolites were extracted from biological matrices by solid phase extraction and analyzed using LC coupled with high-resolution MS under negative ionization mode. A novel 9-mer metabolite of REVERSIR-A, resulting from deamination of the 3' terminal 2'-O-methyl-adenosine nucleotide to 2'-O-methyl-inosine, was discovered at significant levels in monkey liver. The metabolite's identity was confirmed by LC-MS/MS. Conclusion: This report describes the first observation of a long-chain deaminated metabolite of a single-stranded REVERSIR oligonucleotide in vivo in monkey liver.
Preliminary Analysis of the Effectiveness of Self-Injury Treatments for Adolescents

This meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of available treatments for self-injury in adolescents. We chose eight between group studies (N=446) that met our inclusion criteria. Results revealed...
Topographic Form Drag on Tides and Low-Frequency Flow: Observations of Nonlinear Lee Waves over a Tall Submarine Ridge near Palau

AbstractTowed shipboard and moored observations show internal gravity waves over a tall, supercritical submarine ridge that reaches to 1000 m below the ocean surface in the tropical western Pacific...
The Microeconomics of Agricultural Price Risk

Much of neoclassical economics is concerned with prices—more specifically, with relative prices. Similarly, economists have studied behavior in the face of risk and uncertainty for at least a centu...
Management of Sedation and Analgesia in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Long-Acting Naltrexone Therapy for Opioid Use Disorder.

The explosion of the opioid epidemic in the United States and across the world has been met with advances in pharmacologic therapy for the treatment of opioid use disorder. Long-acting naltrexone i...
Japan and Law & Development in Asia: Introduction

On November 5, 2004, a workshop was convened at the University of Wisconsin Law School, under the auspices of the newly-inaugurated Global Legal Studies Initiative, the East Asian Legal Studies Center, and the Institute for Legal Studies. The agenda for the workshop, entitled "Japan and Law & Development in Asia," centered on the following three themes: first, the role of law and legal institutions in Japan's economic development experience; second, the possible relevance of Japan's experience as a model for developing countries in Asia today; and third, the Japanese government's recent initiatives in legal technical assistance in various Asian countries.
Book review: Rule Based Programming with OPS5 by Thomas A. Cooper and Nancy Wogrin (Morgan Kaufmann Pubtishers)

"Rule Based Programming with OPS5" is intended for beginning OPS5 programmers and, according to the foreword by John McDermott, presents "... the collective wisdom of experienced OPS5 programmers ..." to enable those beginners to avoid common mistakes and misuse of the language. The authors assume that the reader is familiar with software development fundamentals such as data structures and data abstraction, however, experience with production systems, rule-based programming, expert systems or even artificial intelligence is not needed. Nonetheless the methods presented in the text are flavored for expert system developers.
Distributed Asynchronous Array Computing with the JetLag Environment

We describe JetLag, a Python-based environment that provides access to a distributed, interactive, asynchronous many-task (AMT) computing framework called Phylanx. This environment encompasses the entire computing process, from a Jupyter front-end for managing code and results to the collection and visualization of performance data.We use a Python decorator to access the abstract syntax tree of Python functions and transpile them into a set of C++ data structures which are then executed by the HPX runtime. The environment includes services for sending functions and their arguments to run as jobs on remote resources.A set of Docker and Singularity containers are used to simplify the setup of the JetLag environment. The JetLag system is suitable for a variety of array computational tasks, including machine learning and exploratory data analysis.
Artificial neural network (ANN) approach to predict unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of oil and gas well cement reinforced with nanoparticles

Abstract The prediction of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of oil well cement class “H” based on the artificial neural network (ANN) modeling approach is presented in this study. 195 cement samples were embedded with varying dosages of strength enhancing pre-dispersed nanoparticles consisting of nanosilica (nano-SiO2), nanoalumina (nano-Al2O3), and nanotitanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) at various simulated wellbore temperatures. The efficacy of the pre-dispersed nanoparticle solutions was analyzed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) images. Nano-SiO2 and nano-Al2O3 displayed excellent dispersibility throughout the solution. However, nano-TiO2 readily agglomerates which, at high concentrations, is detrimental to the UCS of cement. 70% of the data set was used to train the ANN model, 15% was used for validation, and 15% was used to test the model. The model consisted of one input layer with five nodes, one hidden layer with 12 nodes, and one output layer with one node. 12 nodes in the hidden layer resulted in the lowest mean squared error (MSE). The model parameters were saved and used after seven epochs during training, at which point the validation error began to increase leading to overfitting. The statistical performance measures consisting of MSE, the square root of the coefficient of determination (R), and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) showed values close to zero, one, and less than five percent, respectively. The statistical performance measures of the ANN model displayed superior results when compared to the measures obtained by the multi-linear (MLR) and random forest (RF) regression algorithms. The developed ANN model displays high predictive accuracy and can replace, or be used in combination with, destructive UCS tests which can save the petroleum industry time, resources, and capital.
Malpractice Litigation Involving Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation

Objective To evaluate the relationship between chiropractic spinal manipulation and medical malpractice using a legal database. Methods The legal database VerdictSearch was queried using the terms “chiropractor” OR “spinal manipulation” under the classification of “Medical Malpractice” between 1988 and 2018. Cases with chiropractors as defendants were identified. Relevant medicolegal characteristics were obtained, including legal outcome (plaintiff/defense verdict, settlement), payment amount, nature of plaintiff claim, and type and location of alleged injury. Results Forty-eight cases involving chiropractic management in the United States were reported. Of these, 93.8% (n = 45) featured allegations involving spinal manipulation. The defense (practitioner) was victorious in 70.8% (n = 34) of cases, with a plaintiff (patient) victory in 20.8% (n = 10) (mean payment $658,487 ± $697,045) and settlement in 8.3% (n = 4) (mean payment $596,667 ± $402,534). Overaggressive manipulation was the most frequent allegation (33.3%; 16 cases). A majority of cases alleged neurological injury of the spine as the reason for litigation (66.7%, 32 cases) with 87.5% (28/32) requiring surgery. C5-C6 disc herniation was the most frequently alleged injury (32.4%, 11/34, 83.3% requiring surgery) followed by C6-C7 herniation (26.5%, 9/34, 88.9% requiring surgery). Claims also alleged 7 cases of stroke (14.6%) and 2 rib fractures (4.2%) from manipulation therapy. Conclusions Litigation claims following chiropractic care predominately alleged neurological injury with consequent surgical management. Plaintiffs primarily alleged overaggressive treatment, though a majority of trials ended in defensive verdicts. Ongoing analysis of malpractice provides a unique lens through which to view this complicated topic.
Efficient Power Amplifiers for Radio Science, Remote Sensing, and Space Communications

The paper presents the development of high efficiency traveling-wave tube power amplifiers at K-band, Ka-band, and Q-band frequencies for radio science, remote sensing, and space communications. The saturated output power of these amplifiers is in the range of 40 to 200 watts and the corresponding efficiency is in the range of 45 to 60%.
Abstract SP111: Interpreting reports

Although next generation sequencing (NGS) has become commonplace for breast and other cancers, interpretation of reports remains a challenging unmet need. This is further confounded by the therapeutic importance of understanding and interpreting whether pathogenic variants/mutations are germline versus somatic. Here we will discuss and provide examples of how molecular tumor boards can aid clinicians in providing interpretation of NGS results for optimal patient benefit. Citation Format: B Park. Interpreting reports [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr SP111.
Modelling multiregional brain activity

The dynamics of multiregional brain networks in response to temporally varying patterns of ongoing direct electrical stimulation can be predicted by modelling, with variabilities in prediction accuracy explained by at-rest functional connectivity.
Monitoring and Diagnosis of Multistage Manufacturing Processes Using Hierarchical Bayesian Networks

Abstract In recent years, manufacturing systems have given rise to manufacturing big data due to the rapid developments in sensor and information technology and that has fueled data-driven research techniques towards addressing the issues in multistage quality control and diagnosis. In this paper, a unified framework with dual Hierarchical Bayesian Networks (HBNs) has been presented for simultaneous online process monitoring and fault diagnosis of a multistage manufacturing system. To achieve this, a novel AMDS (Absolute Mean Deviation of States) control chart has been developed for monitoring the unobserved inputs. The AMDS control chart is built on the AMDS statistic, which is calculated using the inferred states distribution generated utilizing the HBNs of the unobserved inputs. Discrete event simulation results of the two-stage process demonstrate that the methodology can successfully detect process changes and diagnose the root causes of the change. In addition, it can also identify the time at which the fault has occurred and the type (mean shift or variance change) and nature (step faults or slow drifts) of the change. The robustness of the proposed methodology is extensively tested against multiple randomly generated non-linear quadratic process models for two-stage systems.
QSAR and machine learning modeling of toxicity of nanomaterials: a risk assessment approach

Abstract The advancement of nanoscience and enormous use of nanomaterials (NMs) in the form of coated nanoparticles, engineered metal oxide nanomaterials (MONMs), single- and multiwalled carbon nanotubes, fullerenes (C60/C70), and silica NMs open up multifaceted possibilities of inflicting toxicity on the environment. With the implications of NMs in medicine, cars, batteries, solar panels, textiles, toys, electronics, etc., one can’t control the safe release of NMs into the ecosystem, which directly affects the organisms present in the aquatic and terrestrial environment and indirectly affects humans' lives. The testing of each individual form of NMs on diverse species as well as different response/endpoints by traditional experimental assays is an impossible task. Thus in most cases, environment regulatory bodies, industries, and environmental scientists largely depend on in silico methods like quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs) and machine learning approaches. In a relatively short time, these models can be prepared with the expertise of cheminformaticians and can be employed for the prediction of future NMs as well as the already existing ones in the ecosystem. Since the beginning of 2010, a huge number of in silico models have been developed in combination with in vivo and in vitro analysis, and the present number of such models exceeds 150. The successful models cover eukaryotic to prokaryotic organisms and cell lines including cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, enzymatic inhibition, egg hatching, cellular viability, and cellular uptake. Most of the models can identify the mechanistic interpretation behind the toxicity of NMs toward specific organisms/cell lines. This is helpful for the safe design of NMs for the future along with risk assessment.
Understanding IT Value at the Managerial Level: Managerial Ambidexterity, Seizing Opportunities, and the Moderating Role of Information Systems Use

Managerial ambidexterity is an important precursor to managerial seizing ability. However, ambidexterity can impose substantial costs. Yet information systems may help reduce these costs. We develop a model that includes an inverted U-shaped relationship between managerial ambidexterity and seizing ability. We propose that a manager's effective use of management support systems will mitigate the decline in seizing ability at higher levels of ambidexterity. We test our model with data collected over two time periods from 172 managers. Our results support our model, thereby generating implications for research and practice in IT value, managerial ambidexterity, and dynamic managerial capabilities.
Structural mechanism of TRPV3 channel inhibition by the plant-derived coumarin osthole

TRPV3, a representative of the vanilloid subfamily of TRP channels, is predominantly expressed in skin keratinocytes and has been implicated in cutaneous sensation and associated with numerous skin pathologies and cancers. TRPV3 is inhibited by the natural coumarin derivative osthole, an active ingredient of Cnidium monnieri, which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of a variety of human diseases. However, the structural basis of channel inhibition by osthole has remained elusive. Here we present cryo-EM structures of TRPV3 in complex with osthole, revealing two types of osthole binding sites in the transmembrane region of TRPV3 that coincide with the binding sites of agonist 2-APB. Osthole binding converts the channel pore into a previously unidentified conformation with a widely open selectivity filter and closed intracellular gate. Our structures provide insight into competitive inhibition of TRPV3 by osthole and can serve as a template for the design of osthole chemistry-inspired drugs targeting TRPV3-associated diseases.
Two Conformations of Ld Distinguished by Their Abilities to Bind β2-Microglobulin Are Synthesized, Processed, and Expressed on the Cell Surface

Many theories have emerged regarding the role of β 2-microgIobulin (β 2m) in the synthesis and cell surface expression of class I molecules. Perhaps the most widespread theory is that β 2m is required for cell surface expression of class I molecules. It has been proposed that β 2m may act as a transport protein for class I molecules that facilitates their intracellular trafficking from the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus (Krangel et al. 1979). These conclusions are based primarily on studies using the human Burkitt’s lymphoma Daudi. Daudi cells were found not to produce β 2m protein and not to express detectable class I molecules on the cell surface (Goodfellow et al. 1975). To establish the cause and effect of these observations, cytoplasmic class I proteins were detected in Daudi and surface expression of class I antigens could be rescued by fusion to β 2m+ cell types (Fellous et al. 1977; Arce-Gomez et al. 1978).
Career Counseling in the Knowledge Age: Implications for Change in School Counselor Education Programs

The knowledge-based high technology society is rapidly emerging (Drucker, 1994; Marshall & Tucker, 1992). Even today it is inappropriate for most high school leavers to ask the question "Should I go to college or should I go to work?" Instead, today's question is "Should I go to a four-year college or should I seek some other kind of postsecondary education that will prepare me for entry into the changing primary labor market?" Helping almost all of today's high school leavers answer this question poses three major challenges for change in the role and function of school counselors and so in school counselor education programs. Today's school counselors are being challenged to (1) become aware of and knowledgeable about the kinds of occupational and educational changes being created by the emerging knowledge-based society; (2) help high school leavers make reasoned choices regarding the kinds of postsecondary education that will be best for them; and (3) help parents of today's high school students look objectively at possible alternatives to the four-year college/university degree available for choice by their children. School counselor education programs must equip their graduates with these kinds of skills and expertise. The purpose of this presentation is to offer one specific example of how counselor educators might do so.
Construction of conditional lod tables from multiple‐locus linkage data

Although multipoint linkage data are becoming quite common, economical and efficient methods for presenting these data are not yet in use. Tables giving the full likelihood function would be very voluminous, whereas reduction to standard lods destroys part of the information. We suggest a special lod table representation which preserves nearly all the information about both gene order and genetic map distance at a great reduction in data presented. Conditional lods, coined “c-lods” to distinguish them clearly from ordinary lods, are calculated for distances between each adjacent pair of loci, with all distances among other loci in the system conditionally optimized. Thus, in an n-locus system, conditional lods are presented for the n − 1 adjacent pairs of loci only. The principal reason for reporting lod scores is the potential for combining data from separate studies to reach conclusive evidence for linkage and gene order. Because estimates of recombination are different in each set of data, the crux of the problem is to present scores that provide a close approximation to the true likelihood away from maximum likelihood (ML). The sum of conditional lods closely approximates the likelihood throughout the domain. Therefore, conditional lods contribute appropriately when mapping from several sources of data, so contradictory estimates can be reconciled efficiently.
Low-dose oral methotrexate management of patients with bilateral Ménière's disease.

In this retrospective clinical trial, we evaluated the effectiveness of low-dose oral methotrexate in the management of bilateral Meniere's disease of immune-mediated origin. At our tertiary-care referral center, we evaluated ten men and eight women who had longstanding bilateral Meniere's disease that had been unresponsive to traditional conservative medical management. Sixteen of these patients had steroid-responsive bilateral Meniere's disease. Two patients had contraindications to steroids, but their clinical and laboratory evaluations were consistent with an immune-mediated process. Patients were treated with 7.5 to 20 mg/week of oral methotrexate. The mean duration of treatment was 16.7 months (range: 8 to 35), with a mean followup of 2 years (range: 9 mo to 5 yr). Changes in clinical symptoms (vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness), audiometric changes, and side effects of therapy were evaluated. Vertigo resolved in 14 patients (78%), was substantially alleviated in three patients (17%), and remained unchanged in one patient (6%). Hearing improved in five patients (28%) and stabilized in seven patients (39%). Tinnitus and aural fullness resolved or was relieved in 11 of 17 (65%) and 13 of 14 (93%) patients, respectively. Side effects were minimal and reversible. We conclude that low-dose oral methotrexate is effective and safe for treating bilateral Meniere's disease of immune-mediated origin. In this study, methotrexate alleviated vertiginous symptoms and improved or stabilized hearing in most patients. Low-dose methotrexate can be considered for patients with immune-mediated bilateral Meniere's disease when long-term treatment is required or when a steroid or cyclophosphamide is contraindicated.
Dialectic of Injury and Remedy

separated from the efficacious local remedy systems to which it was formerly linked."32 I am not proposing that the world is necessarily going this way, but the experience in Thailand suggests that we should question the easy assumption of continuing legalization. The initiatives toward the privatization of justice (ADR), the reduction of legal remedies (via tort reform), and the shift away from definitive adjudication (i.e., the vanishing trial throughout the common law world)" suggest that individualized legal claiming is not necessarily the future of injury and remedy. 31. DAVID M. ENGEL & JARUWAN S. ENGEL, TORT, CUSTOM, AND KARMA: GLOBALIZATION AND LEGAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN THAILAND (2010).
Nuclear Analysis of a Tokamak Experimental Power Reactor Conceptual Design

Detailed nuclear analysis of a reference conceptual design for a tokamak experimental power reactor (EPR) is presented. The reference EPR has a 6.25-m major radius and a 2.1-m minor radius circular plasma with a nominal neutron wall loading of 0.5 MW/m/sup 2/. A 0.28-m-thick blanket of stainless steel surrounds a stainless-steel vacuum vessel. The inner shield consists of stainless steel and B/sub 4/C and is 0.58 m thick. The 0.97-m-thick outer shield employs lead mortar, stainless steel, and graphite. The neutronics results in the first wall and blanket vary significantly in the poloidal direction due to an outward shift in the deuterium-tritium neutron source distribution and the toroidal curvature. The infinite cylinder approximation overestimates response rates in the first wall compared with toroidal geometry calculations. Neutral beam lines, vacuum ducts, and other penetrations of the blanket and bulk shield represent large (approximately 0.6- to 1.0-m/sup 2/ cross section) streaming paths for neutrons and require special shielding. A special 0.75-m-thick annular shield surrounds the neutral beam duct after it exists from the bulk shield and extends beyond the toroidal field coil and out to the beam injectors. A pneumatically operated movable shield plug, opening during the pumpdown phase and closing duringmore » the plasma burn, is selected as the principal design option for shielding the evacuation ducts.« less
A two-dimensional HLLC Riemann solver for conservation laws: Application to Euler and magnetohydrodynamic flows

In this paper we present a genuinely two-dimensional HLLC Riemann solver. On logically rectangular meshes, it accepts four input states that come together at an edge and outputs the multi-dimensionally upwinded fluxes in both directions. This work builds on, and improves, our prior work on two-dimensional HLL Riemann solvers. The HLL Riemann solver presented here achieves its stabilization by introducing a constant state in the region of strong interaction, where four one-dimensional Riemann problems interact vigorously with one another. A robust version of the HLL Riemann solver is presented here along with a strategy for introducing sub-structure in the strongly-interacting state. Introducing sub-structure turns the two-dimensional HLL Riemann solver into a two-dimensional HLLC Riemann solver. The sub-structure that we introduce represents a contact discontinuity which can be oriented in any direction relative to the mesh.Video 1 The Riemann solver presented here is general and can work with any system of conservation laws. We also present a second order accurate Godunov scheme that works in three dimensions and is entirely based on the present multidimensional HLLC Riemann solver technology. The methods presented are cost-competitive with traditional higher order Godunov schemes. The two-dimensional HLLC Riemann solver is shown to work robustly for Euler and Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows. Several stringent test problems are presented to show that the inclusion of genuinely multidimensional effects into higher order Godunov schemes indeed produces some very compelling advantages. For two dimensional problems, we were routinely able to run simulations with CFL numbers of ~0.7, with some two-dimensional simulations capable of reaching higher CFL numbers. For three dimensional problems, CFL numbers as high as ~0.6 were found to be stable. We show that on resolution-starved meshes, the scheme presented here outperforms unsplit second order Godunov schemes that are based on conventional one-dimensional Riemann solver technology. Strong discontinuities are shown to propagate very isotropically using the methods presented here. The present Riemann solver provides an elegant resolution to the problem of obtaining multi-dimensionally upwinded electric fields in MHD without resorting to a doubling of the dissipation in each dimension.
A structure-based variable ordering heuristic for SAT

We propose a variable ordering heuristic for SAT, which is based on a structural analysis of the SAT problem. We show that when the heuristic is used by a Davis-Putnam SAT solver that employs conflict-directed backtracking, it produces a divide-and-conquer behavior in which the SAT problem is recursively decomposed into smaller problems that are solved independently. We discuss the implications of this divide-and-conquer behavior on our ability to provide structure-based guarantees on the complexity of Davis-Putnam SAT solvers. We also report on the integration of this heuristic with ZChaff- a state-of-the-art SAT solver--showing experimentally that it significantly improves performance on a range of benchmark problems that exhibit structure.