cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perineal swelling during pregnancy in common chimpanzees and puerperal pathology

: Perineal swelling during pregnancy in captive common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) was studied to examine if the swelling pattern is consistent with known fluctuations in estrogens and progesterone and to test associations between reduced swelling and pathological outcome. Analyses of swelling during 107 pregnancies with a variety of outcomes revealed that a majority of swelling patterns fit an endocrinological model closely, but that a small minority (6.6%) from low parity mothers had exaggerated and extended swelling, suggesting an altered sensitivity of the swelling to steroids. Disregarding this extreme minority, swelling was found to be significantly reduced from that of normal outcome pregnancies for sub-groups with varying degrees of maternal incompetence, neonatal fatality, and stillbirth. This reduction was most marked for pregnancies in nursery-reared mothers. Given the validity of the correspondence between swelling patterns and steroid concentrations, lower estrogen concentrations are implicated in the etiology of the puerperal pathologies seen. That steroid hormone concentrations during pregnancy may influence maternal behavior in apes provides a clue to the etiology of post-partum depression in women.
On demand classification of data streams

Current models of the classification problem do not effectively handle bursts of particular classes coming in at different times. In fact, the current model of the classification problem simply concentrates on methods for one-pass classification modeling of very large data sets. Our model for data stream classification views the data stream classification problem from the point of view of a dynamic approach in which simultaneous training and testing streams are used for dynamic classification of data sets. This model reflects real life situations effectively, since it is desirable to classify test streams in real time over an evolving training and test stream. The aim here is to create a classification system in which the training model can adapt quickly to the changes of the underlying data stream. In order to achieve this goal, we propose an on-demand classification process which can dynamically select the appropriate window of past training data to build the classifier. The empirical results indicate that the system maintains a high classification accuracy in an evolving data stream, while providing an efficient solution to the classification task.
Effect of storage time on swine manure solid separation efficiency by screening

Confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) have suffered considerable transformations since the last decade in Brazil, because of increasing of their production scale. Swine production is following this same trend, and the volume of manure produced and the form that is managed has a direct impact on houses air quality and efficiency of treatment systems. The objective of this work was to study the manure solid-liquid separation efficiency by screening, subject to different screen opening sizes and pit disposal time under tropical climate conditions. An ammoniacal nitrogen producing rate of 24 mg/L per storage day was observed and a decrease in screen separation efficiency in the first eight days of storage, obtained by solid group analysis. The storage time influenced directly the degradation of organic fraction indicated by the chemical oxygen demand increase overtime. The results suggest that the efficiency of solid-liquid separation is increased when carried out with the shortest storage time.
The only finite graph that is an inverse limit with a set valued function on [0,1] is an arc

Abstract We show that a finite graph that is the inverse limit with a single surjective upper semi-continuous set valued function f : [ 0 , 1 ] → 2 [ 0 , 1 ] is an arc.
Stretching of Lipid Membranes Using Optical Forces

A dual-beam optical trap is used to investigate the mechanical properties of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs), synthetic lipid-bilayer systems commonly used for studying membrane mechanics. GUV deformation is analyzed to extract the membrane bending modulus.
Surprising substrate versatility in SLC5A6: Na+-coupled I- transport by the human Na+/multivitamin transporter (hSMVT)

Iodide (I−) is an essential constituent of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine and thyroxine, which are required for the development of the central nervous system in the fetus and newborn. I− uptake in the thyroid is mediated by the Na+/I− symporter (NIS). NIS has gained particular medical interest due to its sensitivity to the environmental pollutant perchlorate (ClO4−) and its implication in radioiodide cancer treatment. Recently, others have shown that I− absorption in the intestine is mediated by NIS (Nicola, J. P., Basquin, C., Portulano, C., Reyna-Neyra, A., Paroder, M., and Carrasco, N. (2009) Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 296, C654–662). However, their data suggest the participation of other systems in the homeostasis of I−, in particular because in vivo uptake studies revealed a ClO4−-insensitive transport component. Here, we describe Na+-coupled I− uptake by the human Na+/multivitamin transporter (hSMVT), a related protein isolated from the placenta, where it was suggested to supply the fetus with the water-soluble vitamins biotin and pantothenic acid, and α-lipoic acid. hSMVT-mediated Na+/I− symport is inhibited by the other three organic hSMVT substrates but not by NIS substrates; notably, hSMVT is insensitive to ClO4−. Because hSMVT is found in the intestine and in many other tissues, we propose that hSMVT may play an important role in the homeostasis of I− in the body.
Shigella sonnei bacteremia. Unusual antibody response from immunosuppressive therapy following renal transplantation.

Abstract Shigella sonnei bacteremia developed in a patient who had undergone renal transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy; following treatment with chloramphenicol and lincomycin, the patient recovered from the infection. Possibly because of the concurrent immunosuppressive therapy, the patient had only a modest antibody response against the infecting microorganism but, unexpectedly, produced antibodies in high titer against a recently recognized antigen shared by enteric bacteria.
FEVER AS A SYMPTOM OF GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE.

This brief review indicates the large variety of gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases in which fever may occur and be a puzzling symptom to explain or a symptom of prognostic importance. In the differential diagnosis of fever, consideration should be given to a possible gastrointestinal cause. In patients with known liver disease fever not only introduces the need for searching diagnostic studies but also for possible revision of the prognosis.
A geometric design method for side-stream distillation columns

A side-stream distillation column may replace two simple columns for some applications, sometimes at considerable savings in energy and investment. This paper describes a geometric method for the design of side-stream columns; the method provides rapid estimates of equipment size and utility requirements. Unlike previous approaches, the geometric method is applicable to nonideal and azeotropic mixtures. Several example problems for both ideal and nonideal mixtures, including azeotropic mixtures containing distillation boundaries, are given. We make use of the fact that azeotropes or pure components whose classification in the residue curve map is a saddle can be removed as side-stream products. Significant process simplifications are found among some alternatives in example problems, leading to flow sheets with fewer units and a substantial savings in vapor rate.
Jamais vu episodes in relationship to baclofen treatment: a case report.

A 37-year-old man presented with new onset jamais vu episodes. Jamais vu is a mental state characterized by a sense of unfamiliarity in a familiar situation. The patient's episodes of jamais vu were unrelated to any known factor other than his use of baclofen. The episodes, which occurred as each baclofen dose wore off, resolved after the baclofen dose that triggered it was discontinued. The patient has had no recurrence of jamais vu states after discontinuation of his baclofen. This is the first known case report of jamais vu episodes caused by baclofen. Although jamais vu episodes can occur in healthy persons, they are known to occur more frequently in persons with epilepsy, fatigue, psychologic states, or intoxications. This case suggests that medications should be considered as a possible cause of jamais vu episodes.
Influence of thermal conditions on habitat use by a rare spring‐emerging butterfly Euphydryas editha taylori

We may expect butterflies as ectotherms to have particularly active life-history stages that occur in the warmest and lightest times of the year; however, there are temperate species that are active when climatic conditions seem unfavourable and photoperiod short, such as the Taylor's checkerspot (Euphydryas editha taylori). For such species, studies suggest that even subtle changes to microclimate can potentially impact populations. Thus, understanding how in situ variations in microclimate influence the Taylor's checkerspot butterfly could provide much needed insights into more effective management. We conducted a series of surveys that explored (i) adult habitat use, (ii) final instar larval distribution and (iii) adult movement up to and across site boundaries at two sites in Oregon, USA, in 2010 and 2011. We found that in situ habitat use by the Taylor's checkerspot butterfly was strongly influenced by microclimate. Both adult activities and final instar larvae distribution were clustered within the warmest areas of the sites. Moreover, adults did not use up to 59% and larva up to 90% of their sites, despite vegetation structure and composition being uniform. More specifically, butterfly habitat use increased with increasing ground temperatures, and we found that areas with the highest ground temperatures were more exposed to direct sunlight. Similarly, we found that butterflies tended to only move through sunlit site boundaries. We conclude that the Taylor's checkerspot is sensitive to changes in its thermal environment at fine spatial scales. Our results highlight the importance of microclimate as an indicator of habitat quality, and establishing the thermal criteria in which species of concern exists may provide valuable insights into the implications of climate change.
IGY Bulletin: No. 37, No. 38, No. 39

Even before the end of the observational phase of the IGY—July 1958 through December 1958—it was apparent that analysis of the great body of accumulated data would require an extended period of time. Moreover, the continuation of many IGY programs during IGC-59, and the numerous successor world-wide geophysics and space-science programs that have grown out of or gained stimulus from the IGY, are adding new dimensions to the over-all geophysical picture. Accordingly, on recommendation of the American Geophysical Union, endorsed by the US National Committee for the IGY, and with support from the National Science Foundation, publication of the IGY Bulletin is being continued in order to complete the record of reports on results of IGY and IGY-related studies. The original aim of the Bulletin was primarily to keep participating scientists informed of progress in the United States program and, to the extent possible in the limited space available, in the programs of other countries. During the first few months of publication, however, a large number of students, teachers and other interested persons asked to be permitted to subscribe to the Bulletin, and near the end of its first year of publication the Bulletin was accordingly made available on a subscription basis. (See back page of this issue for subscription information.)
Application of acetate buffer in pH adjustment of sorghum mash and its influence on fuel ethanol fermentation.

A 2 M sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.2 was tried to simplify the step of pH adjustment in a laboratory dry-grind procedure. Ethanol yields or conversion effi- ciencies of 18 sorghum hybrids improved significantly with 2.0-5.9% (3.9% on average) of relative increases when the method of pH adjustment changed from traditional HCl to the acetate buffer. Ethanol yields obtained using the two methods were highly correlated (R 2 = 0.96, P \ 0.0001), indicating that the acetate buffer did not influence resolu- tion of the procedure to differentiate sorghum hybrids varying in fermentation quality. Acetate retarded the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but did not affect the overall fermentation rate. With 41-47 mM of undissoci- ated acetic acid in mash of a sorghum hybrid at pH 4.7, rates of glucose consumption and ethanol production were inhibited during exponential phase but promoted during stationary phase. The maximum growth rate constants (lmax) were 0.42 and 0.32 h -1 for cells grown in mashes with pH adjusted by HCl and the acetate buffer, respec- tively. Viable cell counts of yeast in mashes with pH adjusted by the acetate buffer were 36% lower than those in mashes adjusted by HCl during stationary phase. Coupled to a 5.3% relative increase in ethanol, a 43.6% relative decrease in glycerol was observed, when the acetate buffer was substituted for HCl. Acetate helped to transfer glucose to ethanol more efficiently. The strain tested did not use acetic acid as carbon source. It was suggested that decreased levels of ATP under acetate stress stimulate glycolysis to ethanol formation, increasing its yield at the expense of biomass and glycerol production.
Schwann cells reposition a peripheral nerve to isolate it from postembryonic remodeling of its targets

Although much is known about the initial construction of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), less well understood are the processes that maintain the position and connections of nerves during postembryonic growth. Here, we show that the posterior lateral line nerve in zebrafish initially grows in the epidermis and then rapidly transitions across the epidermal basement membrane into the subepidermal space. Our experiments indicate that Schwann cells, which myelinate axons in the PNS, are required to reposition the nerve. In mutants lacking Schwann cells, the nerve is mislocalized and the axons remain in the epidermis. Transplanting wild-type Schwann cells into these mutants rescues the position of the nerve. Analysis of chimeric embryos suggests that the process of nerve relocalization involves two discrete steps – the degradation and recreation of the epidermal basement membrane. Although the outgrowth of axons is normal in mutants lacking Schwann cells, the nerve becomes severely disorganized at later stages. In wild-type embryos, exclusion of the nerve from the epidermis isolates axons from migration of their targets (sensory neuromasts) within the epidermis. Without Schwann cells, axons remain within the epidermis and are dragged along with the migrating neuromasts. Our analysis of the posterior lateral line system defines a new process in which Schwann cells relocate a nerve beneath the epidermal basement membrane to insulate axons from the postembryonic remodeling of their targets.
Needs Assessment for Computer-Integrated Surgery Systems

The needs of surgeons for computer-assisted systems cannot be satisfied unless their requirements and expectations are known. We determined surgeons’ needs for computer-aided systems using group facilitation processes that measure customer wants and needs, including quality function deployment and Kano Analysis. A one-day workshop hosted by the CISST ERC (Computer Integrated Surgical Systems and Technology Engineering Research Center) included thirteen surgeons and eight engineers. The primary goal of the workshop was to determine medical professionals’ needs and expectations at the earliest stages of research and development. Surgeons and nurses from Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions participated in the one-day event. The results include an affinity diagram, a prioritized list of wants and needs in the “voice of the customer”, and a Kano Analysis of 25 question pairs that reveal exceptional features that can be included in computer-aided surgical systems.
Is the universe of democracy, rhetoric, and public relations whole cloth or three separate galaxies?

Abstract Discussions of democracy, rhetoric, and public relations can conclude that these aspects of society and professional practice are contradictory paradoxes or partners for achieving harmony of collective interests. To that end, this paper briefly explores the rhetorical heritage as inseparable from democracy. It next examines, through the challenges of the public arena, ways that deliberative democracy can bring the three into partnership for the greater good. On this foundation, it features four premises of public relations and democracy based on power, infrastructure, private and public sphere, collective voices, language that co-manages meaning as social construction, and stewardship. As stewards of democracy, organizations can play a pivotal role in fostering environments, the infrastructures and collaborative processes, that allow and even facilitate collective decision making as well as blend the private sphere (individualism) and the public sphere (collectivism) so that self-interest can be satisfied and enjoyed by organizations and myriad publics as collective interests. By blending individual voices into collective voices and understanding the limits and pitfalls of language as culture, public relations can actually serve private interests by the co-management of meaning to make society better.
Fiber-optic ac electric-field sensor based on the electrostrictive effect.

We report a fiber-optic ac electric-field sensor based on the electrostrictive effect. The dc-biased electrostrictive transducer—lead magnesium niobate-based ferroelectric relaxor—displays an electric-field resolution of 7(μV/m)/Hz with a corresponding voltage resolution of 1nV/Hz for 15 cm of fiber. Such high resolution is possible in nonlinear transducers owing to the dependence of the ac strain on applied dc bias. Conversely, the ac strain in linear piezoelectric transducers does not vary with the dc field, and the ultimate resolution obtained with such devices is dependent only on the piezoelectric constant and the total fiber length.
Chebyshev Collocation Analysis of Axisymmetric Flow and Heat Transfer Between Counter-Rotating Disks

Unsteady constant property flow between two counter-rotating finite disks is considered for a range of Reynolds numbers. Both disks are taken to be isothermal with an imposed temperature difference between them. The flow is assumed to be axisymmetric, and buoyancy forces are neglected. The conservation equations for momentum and energy are solved using a spectral Chebyshev collocation technique utilizing a pressure Poisson influence matrix approach to maintain a solenoidal velocity field. Three values of the disk angular velocity ratio, Γ = ω 2 /ω 1 , are considered: Γ = -1.0, -0.4, and 0.0. The flow is observed to become more complex, transitioning from steady to periodic to chaotic flow regimes as the Reynolds number is increased
Expression of Hygromycin Phosphotransferase Alters Virulence of Histoplasma capsulatum

The Escherichia coli hygromycin phosphotransferase (hph) gene, which confers hygromycin resistance, is commonly used as a dominant selectable marker in genetically modified bacteria, fungi, plants, insects, and mammalian cells. Expression of the hph gene has rarely been reported to induce effects other than those expected. Hygromycin B is the most common dominant selectable marker used in the molecular manipulation of Histoplasma capsulatum in the generation of knockout strains of H. capsulatum or as a marker in mutant strains. hph-expressing organisms appear to have no defect in long-term in vitro growth and survival and have been successfully used to exploit host-parasite interaction in short-term cell culture systems and animal experiments. We introduced the hph gene as a selectable marker together with the gene encoding green fluorescent protein into wild-type strains of H. capsulatum. Infection of mice with hph-expressing H. capsulatum yeast cells at sublethal doses resulted in lethality. The lethality was not attributable to the site of integration of the hph construct into the genomes or to the method of integration and was not H. capsulatum strain related. Death of mice was not caused by altered cytokine profiles or an overwhelming fungal burden. The lethality was dependent on the kinase activity of hygromycin phosphotransferase. These results should raise awareness of the potential detrimental effects of the hph gene.
The efficiency and accuracy of the Test of Memory Malingering trial 1, errors on the first 10 items of the test of memory malingering, and five embedded measures in predicting invalid test performance.

The current study attempted to improve upon the efficiency and accuracy of one of the most frequently administered measures of test validity, the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) by utilizing two short forms (TOMM trial 1 or TOMM1; and errors on the first 10 items of TOMM1 or TOMMe10). In addition, we cross-validated the accuracy of five embedded measures frequently used in malingering research. TOMM1 and TOMMe10 were highly accurate in predicting test validity (area under the curve [AUC] ¼ 92% and 87%, respectively; TOMM1 ≤40 and TOMMe10 ≥1; sensitivities .70% and specificities .90%). A logistic regression of five embedded measures showed better accuracy compared with any individual embedded measure alone or in combination (AUC ¼ 87%). TOMM1 and TOMMe10 provide evidence of greater sensitivity to invalid test performance compared with the standard TOMM administration and the use of regression improved the accuracy of the five embedded cognitive measures.
SPOTlight on testing: stability, performance and operational testing of LANL HPC clusters

Testing is sometimes a forgotten component of system management, but it becomes very important in the realm of High Performance Computing (HPC) clusters. Many large-scale HPC cluster installations are one of a kind, with unknown issues and unexpected behaviors. First, the initial installation may uncover complex configuration interactions that are only apparent at scale; Stability becomes a critical feature of early system testing. Second, Performance may be significantly impacted by small changes to the system. Third, after initial shakeout, users expect a system that is reliable on their terms; ongoing Operational tests verify reliability, and provide early warning of developing problems. A robust test suite should address all of these test categories, and present both tests and results in a manner that meets usability requirements. We will describe Los Alamos National Laboratory's current test suite, and the development project to expand the suite to cover these areas and provide better tools for analysis and reporting.
Effect of Gun Carrying on Perceptions of Risk Among Adolescent Offenders

Objectives. We observed how perceptions of risks, costs, crime rewards, and violence exposure change as individual gun-carrying behavior changes among high-risk adolescents.Methods. We analyzed a longitudinal study (2000–2010) of serious juvenile offenders in Maricopa County, Arizona, or Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, assessing within-person changes in risk and reward perceptions, and violence exposure as individuals initiated or ceased gun carrying.Results. Despite being associated with heightened exposure to violence, gun carrying was linked to lower perceptions of risks and costs and higher perceived rewards of offending. Gun carrying was not time-stable, as certain individuals both started and stopped carrying during the study. Within-person changes in carrying guns were associated with shifting perceptions of risks, costs, and rewards of crime, and changes in exposure to violence in expected directions.Conclusions. Gun carrying reduces perceptions of risks associated with offending while increasi...
Brain tissue elastic behavior and experimental brain compression

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the progressive expansion of an extradural mass causes detectable changes in brain mechanical response properties, in particular the nonlinear elastic behavior, before any significant changes in intracranial cerebrospinal fluid pressure can be detected. In 10 chronically prepared and anesthetized dogs, incremental inflation (0.07 ml/s) of an extradural balloon caused 1) a progressive fall in the brain nonlinear elastic parameter (G0, mmHg/mm2), 2) nonsignificant changes in brain tissue elasticity (G0, mmHg/mm), 3) a disproportionate progressive rise in subpial tension, and 4) a progressive fall in local cerebral blood flow (H2 clearance), despite a modest decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure (extracranial). In previous brain compression experiments (Brain Res. 305: 141-143, 1984) we have shown that the compression site becomes compacted and stiffer (increased G0) and its nonlinear elastic parameter (G0) increases markedly. These earlier findings, coupled with the present observation of a loss in tissue nonlinearity distally to the compression site, are most likely the major mechanisms by which, with a rapidly expanding intracranial mass, tissue pressure gradients and brain displacement, including transtentorial herniation, develop.
The One Who Comes After Me: John the Baptist, Christian Time, and Symbolic Musical Techniques

Abstract Studies of the past two decades have shown that late medieval and Renaissance composers participated in a culture of symbolic representation by inscribing Christian figures and concepts into musical design. One figure who has been overlooked in this line of scholarship is John the Baptist, the precursor of Christ. This essay outlines the Baptist9s historical impact on the conception of Christian temporality and proceeds to demonstrate some distinct experiments in fourteenth- and fifteenth-century music for John that express his predecessory character through emblematic manipulations of temporal parameters. By the sixteenth century, several inscriptions found in Vatican manuscripts reveal that the Baptist was associated with a particular musical craft that controls masterfully the unfolding of time: the art of canon. Drawing heavily on Scripture (especially John 1:15, 27, 30) to articulate the compositional conceits, the rubrics likened the leader ( dux ) and follower ( comes ) of a canon to the relationship between John (the forerunner saint) and Jesus. The analogy intensified around the papal chapel choirbook Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, MS Cappella Sistina 38.
Barriers and facilitators to exchanging health information: a systematic review.

Abstract Objectives We conducted a systematic review of studies assessing facilitators and barriers to use of health information exchange (HIE). Methods We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library databases between January 1990 and February 2015 using terms related to HIE. English-language studies that identified barriers and facilitators of actual HIE were included. Data on study design, risk of bias, setting, geographic location, characteristics of the HIE, perceived barriers and facilitators to use were extracted and confirmed. Results Ten cross-sectional, seven multiple-site case studies, and two before-after studies that included data from several sources (surveys, interviews, focus groups, and observations of users) evaluated perceived barriers and facilitators to HIE use. The most commonly cited barriers to HIE use were incomplete information, inefficient workflow, and reports that the exchanged information that did not meet the needs of users. The review identified several facilitators to use. Discussion Incomplete patient information was consistently mentioned in the studies conducted in the US but not mentioned in the few studies conducted outside of the US that take a collective approach toward healthcare. Individual patients and practices in the US may exercise the right to participate (or not) in HIE which effects the completeness of patient information available to be exchanged. Workflow structure and user roles are key but understudied. Conclusions We identified several facilitators in the studies that showed promise in promoting electronic health data exchange: obtaining more complete patient information; thoughtful workflow that folds in HIE; and inclusion of users early in implementation.
Alliance Strategies in the Racialized Railroad Economies of the American West

The rural railroad community of Mono Mills, California (1880–1917), was home to individuals of Chinese, Paiute, and European ancestry seeking work in the midst of the economic downturn of the West’s mining region. Archaeology of the workers’ households and archival evidence for the business ventures associated with their livelihoods, such as the Virginia & Truckee Railroad and the Bodie & Benton Railroad & Lumber Company, suggest that, particularly for the Chinese workers, aggregated transience and racism was a major factor in their daily lives and choices. The findings explore multiple ways in which racism biased job opportunities for Chinese laborers while it increased alliance building among marginalized groups—including intercommunity sociality, regional networks for employment, and economic cohesion—and perhaps led to increased fidelity between labor crews and powerful capitalists of the West. These dynamics had long-term impacts on the local, regional, and national socioeconomic networks in which the Chinese laborers participated.
Modifications of Stearidonic Acid Soybean Oil by Enzymatic Acidolysis for the Production of Human Milk Fat Analogues

Structured lipids (SLs) from stearidonic acid (SDA) soybean oil pre-enriched with palmitic acid (PA) at the sn-2 position with Novozym 435 (NSL) or Lipozyme TL IM (LSL) from previous research were further enriched with γ-linolenic acid (GLA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Small-scale acidolysis reactions with Lipozyme TL IM were performed to determine the optimal reaction conditions as 1:1 substrate mole ratio of NSL or LSL to free DHA at 65 °C for 24 h and a 1:0.5 substrate mole ratio of NSL or LSL to free GLA at 65 °C for 12 h. Optimized SL products were scaled up in a 1 L stir-batch reactor, and the resulting SLs of NSL:DHA (NDHA), LSL:DHA (LDHA), NSL:GLA (NGLA), and LSL:GLA (LGLA) were chemically and physically characterized. The SLs contained >54% PA at the sn-2 position with GLA >8% for the GLA SLs and DHA >10% for the DHA SLs. The oxidative stabilities of the SLs were increased by the addition of 200 ppm TBHQ, with NGLA being more stable due to higher tocopherol content than the other SLs. The melt...
Histopathology of orchardgrass infected by Rhynchosporium orthosporum.

Penetration and colonization of orchardgrass by Rhynchosporium orthosporum and production of conidia by the fungus were investigated by light, fluorescent, and scanning electron microscopy. Conidia...
Gossypol Content of Cotton Flower Buds

Gossypol (8,8′-dicarboxaldehyde-1,1′,6,6′,7,7′-hexahydroxy-5 5′-diisopropyl-3, 3′-dimethyl-2, 2′-binaphthalene) concentration was determined for 5 component parts of flower buds collected from 12 lines of cotton. In all but glandless lines, which contain practically no gossypol in any part of the bud, the petals usually contained at least twice the concentration of gossypol as the sepals, stamen, stigma + style, or ovary. The concentration of gossypol in the receptacle in 2 of 4 glanded lines was lower than in any other bud parts; in the other 2 lines, it was lower than in all parts except the ovaries. The size of the bud had no effect on percentage gossypol in Gossypium arboreum L., and only small differences were measured in G. hirsutum L. (M-8 glanded) and G. barbadense L. (Pima S-2).
Optimization Analysis of Maximum Energy Absorption Properties of Metallic Honeycomb and an Application in Designing Arresting Mechanism for Landing Gear Drop Testing

Metallic honeycomb possess excellent kinetic energy absorption properties which can be used as an impact resistance members in structural applications. In order to design energy absorption systems in effective manner using honeycomb material, the various parameters affecting the energy absorption characteristics of the honeycomb should be evaluated. Parameters affecting the honeycomb will be evaluated using analytical methods and finite element analysis. Validated finite element models are used to study the parameters namely honeycomb width, mass of impact and dynamic load factor affecting the energy absorption characteristics of metallic honeycomb. Mathematical models are used to study the half wavelength of the buckling of the honeycomb cell and the factors affecting the dynamic crush strength. Sensitivity analysis is performed using response surface methods to determine the performance effect of the honeycomb cell parameters namely cell size, gauge thickness and inner-edge angle affecting the energy absorption properties. Regression equations are obtained to determine the optimized values of the honeycomb parameters. Guidelines will be provided for the designer to select appropriate honeycomb cell parameters for optimized energy absorption properties. As an application, these honeycombs models are used to design the arresting mechanism for landing gear drop tower for absorbing the impact energy and to protect the structural members and load cells in the event failure of the landing gear during the drop testing. On a whole this research will provide an insight of the energy absorption properties of metallic honeycomb affected by various parameters.© 2004 ASME
Production of oospores by Phytophthora parasitica in liquid medium.

Oospores of Phytophthora parasitica free from chlamydospores and sporangia can be produced in abundance in liquid medium. About 2 × 106 oospores/culture were formed after 25 ml of V8-CaCO3 broth in...
Osteoporosis: Translating State of the Art Knowledge into Daily Practice

Copyright: © 2013 Hamdy RC. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The opening lines of Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities: “It was the best of times... It was the worst of times.. It was the age of wisdom,... It was the age of foolishness”, are appropriate descriptions of today’s management of osteoporosis.
On the [13C]T1Ρ behavior of some elastomers

The temperature dependencies of the [13C]T1ρ NMR relaxation behavior of poly(butyl acrylate), cis-polyisoprene, polychloroprene, and cis-polybutadiene have been studied. The temperature dependence of the relaxation time for each elastomer follows the WLF equation.
Abdominal Pain After Breast Cancer Surgery

(1995). Abdominal Pain After Breast Cancer Surgery. Hospital Practice: Vol. 30, No. 10, pp. 18-22.
Double Cup Extrusion Test to Evalute Lubricants for Cold Forging

The double cup extrusion test was developed and used extensively for evaluating lubricants in cold forging. This test emulates the high material/tool interface pressures and large surface expansion that occur in industrial cold forging operations. This short paper summarizes the principles of this test and illustrates how it is used to evaluate environmentally friendly lubricants.
On Key Issues of TBT Recent Jurisprudence:Trends & Implications

TBT measures are widely used in the international trade in recent decades, and have much more influences on China than ever before. This paper summarizes WTO / TBT jurisprudence, especially the 3 cases settled by WTO / DSB in 2012. Focusing on Annex1.1, Article 2.1, 2.2, and 12.3 of TBT Agreement, it gives a map of the methods of interpretation of the terms like "Technical Regulation", "Treatment No Less Favorable"and "Unnecessary Obstacle to Trade" employed by the Panel and Appellate Body, analyzes the trend in the application of TBT Agreement, and makes some suggestions for China to deal with the cases to be involved in the future.
The Relationship Between Oases and Water Resources in Tarim Basin

In this paper, based on the fieldwork experiences and some collected data, oases distribution and water resources in Tarim basin was analyzed,and the relationship between them were discussed. Result is as follows:In Tarim basin ,oasis distribution is limited by water condition, water resources is the main factor of existence, change and distribution of oasis. Most of the oases are distribute along the river basin. The change of total area of oasis is followed by water exploitation change.
Contribution of luminal ammoniagenesis to proximal tubule ammonia appearance in the rat.

The contribution of luminal ammoniagenesis in the late proximal convolute tubule (PCT) via phosphate-independent glutaminase [gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT)] remains controversial. If this pathway is important, it must rely on glutamine secretion, because filtered glutamine is reabsorbed in the early PCT. The contribution of gamma-GT to luminal ammoniagenesis was tested by use of in vivo microperfusion in conjunction with a new microfluorometric assay for glutamate. We first confirmed that aspartate completely blocked glutamate uptake in the PCT. Furthermore, the gamma-GT inhibitor acivicin completely eliminated glutamate entry, showing that passive glutamate entry was negligible. Thus the accumulation of glutamate can be used as an estimate of luminal glutamine deamidation. L-Phenylalanine was used to inhibit glutamine loss, and hippurate was used to stimulate gamma-GT activity; therefore luminal glutamine conversion to glutamate was promoted. Perfusing the tubule at 30 nl/min with a solution containing 10 mM each of hippurate, phenylalanine, and aspartate resulted in a glutamate delivery of 1.08 +/- 0.12 pmol.min-1.mm-1. Ammonia appearance was 10-fold higher, averaging 11.5 +/- 1.3 pmol.min-1.mm-1 under these same conditions. Thus the luminal conversion of glutamine to glutamate via gamma-GT is a small component of total ammoniagenesis in this segment.
Brief paper: Consistency and robustness of PDAF for target tracking in cluttered environments

This paper presents a simulation-based investigation of the consistency of the PDAF via statistical tests of its actual errors versus the filter calculated covariances. These tests confirm the goodness of the approximation done at every stage in the PDAF, where a Gaussian mixture is replaced by an 'umbrella' Gaussian using moment matching. Two versions of the PDAF are examined: a parametric one that uses a Poisson model for the number of clutter originated measurements and a nonparametric one that uses a diffuse prior. While no new theoretical results are presented, the methodology of testing filter consistency can prove to be useful in the general evaluation of filters that contain approximations.
Reflecting on resilience in Broward County, Florida: A newspaper content analysis about Hurricane Wilma recovery

Abstract Resilience is a burgeoning concept in the field of disaster research. While definitions for resilience vary, some scholars distinguish between two scales of resilience: Specified resilience, addressing resistance to known disturbances, and general resilience, addressing a system's capacity to deal with less predictable shocks. This paper qualitatively analyzes the content of 172 Sun-Sentinel newspaper articles to explore the interplay between specified and general resilience in Broward County following Hurricane Wilma in 2005. In these articles about Wilma, a specified disturbance event, some prominent themes that tied into theories of general resilience included the distribution of benefits and risks, accountability, social learning and memory, cross-scale governance, vulnerability and social networks. After identifying these surrogates for resilience and further analyzing the content of the news articles, this paper concludes with four recommendations for Broward County to potentially enhance resilience to future storms and less predictable disturbances, like climate change and sea level rise: (1) Update county vulnerability profiles with attention to socially marginalized vulnerable groups; (2) Reframe and clarify the purpose of the Vulnerable Populations Registry, using social science research; (3) Foster opportunities for community members to share local knowledge, highlighting innovative problem-solving; and (4) Review existing disaster recovery programs to assess the distribution of benefits and risks across populations, space and time.
Flux threshold measurements of He-ion beam induced nanofuzz formation on hot tungsten surfaces

We report measurements of the energy dependence of flux thresholds and incubation fluences for He-ion induced nano-fuzz formation on hot tungsten surfaces at UHV conditions over a wide energy range using real-time sample imaging of tungsten target emissivity change to monitor the spatial extent of nano-fuzz growth, corroborated by ex situ SEM and FIB/SEM analysis, in conjunction with accurate ion-flux profile measurements. The measurements were carried out at the multicharged ion research facility (MIRF) at energies from 218 eV to 8.5 keV, using a high-flux deceleration module and beam flux monitor for optimizing the decel optics on the low energy MIRF beamline. The measurements suggest that nano-fuzz formation proceeds only if a critical rate of change of trapped He density in the W target is exceeded. To understand the energy dependence of the observed flux thresholds, the energy dependence of three contributing factors: ion reflection, ion range and target damage creation, were determined using the SRIM simulation code. The observed energy dependence can be well reproduced by the combined energy dependences of these three factors. The incubation fluences deduced from first visual appearance of surface emissivity change were (2–4) × 1023 m−2 at 218 eV, and roughly a factor of 10 less at the higher energies, which were all at or above the displacement energy threshold. The role of trapping at C impurity sites is discussed.
The $250 Billion Price Tag Associated with Gift Tax Repeal

For close to a century, many commentators, academics, and politicians have considered the gift tax as an important backstop to preserve the integrity of the nation’s estate tax. Indeed, in the absence of a viable gift tax, taxpayers could easily circumvent their estate tax obligations. But what these very same people often fail to realize is that the gift tax also serves an entirely different, yet significant purpose as well: it acts as an integral backstop to ensure the progressive nature of the nation’s income tax. Indeed, in the absence of a viable gift tax, taxpayers could easily circumvent their income tax obligations. In light of the gift tax’s historic roles, this analysis contends that even if Congress repeals the estate tax, it should retain the gift tax; otherwise, untold damage may be perpetrated against the income tax, producing an estimated revenue shortfall of $250 billion.
Experimental impact analysis on ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) for achieving stress equilibrium (SE) and constant strain rate (CSR) in Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) using pulse shaping technique

Abstract This work emphasizes obtaining and validating experimental test results of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) under compressive impact loading at high strain rates (30–200 S−1). Cylindrical specimens of 9.2 mm in height and 23.8 mm in diameter were used for compression tests under dynamic and static conditions. Quality of stress equilibrium and constant strain rate were investigated using pulse shapers made of Copper and Aluminum with various geometries. Digital image correlation (DIC) was used to monitor the strains of some samples using a high speed camera at 186,000 frames per second and thus to compliment the calculated strain values obtained by the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHBP) equations. The results showed that nearly constant strain rate and dynamic stress equilibrium over an effective duration of the test can be achieved for UHPC with a compressive strength of about 200 MPa. This validated the experimental test setup and allowed for the determination of the UHPC’s dynamic impact factor based on the results obtained.
Lymphoepithelioma-like, a variant of urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a case report and systematic review for optimal treatment modality for disease-free survival

Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) is a rare high-grade carcinoma that resembles nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma and can occur throughout the body. First reported in 1991, bladder LELC has an incidence of about 1% of all bladder carcinomas. Due to its rare occurrence, prognoses and ideal treatment guidelines have not been clearly defined. A PubMed search was performed using two terms, “lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma” and “bladder.” Review articles, articles in foreign languages, expression studies, and studies not performed in the bladder were excluded. We report a case of LELC of the bladder including treatment and outcome and performed a systematic review of all 36 available English literatures from 1991 to 2016 including the present case to identify factors affecting disease-free survival. One hundred forty cases of bladder LELC were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 70.1 years ranging from 43 to 90 years with 72% males and 28% females. Pure LELC occurs most often at 46% followed by mixed LELC 28% and predominant LELC 26%. EBV testing was negative in all cases tested. Mean follow-up length for all cases was 33.8 months with no evidence of disease in 62.2%, while 11.1% died of disease, 10.4% alive with metastasis, and 8.2% died without disease. 5.0% of cases had recurrence at an average of 31.3 months. Prognosis is significantly favorable for patients presenting with pure or predominant forms of LELC compared to mixed type (p < 0.0001). The treatment significantly associated with the highest disease mortality and lowest disease-free survival was TURBT alone when compared to any multi-modality treatment (p < 0.01). We conclude that the best treatment modality associated with the highest disease-free survival is multi-modal treatment including radical cystectomy.
The causal direction in the association between Parkinson’s disease and cigarette or nicotine use

The association between cigarette use and Parkinson9s disease (PD) has been well known in the literature since more than 50 years ago. Large population studies showed that smokers developed PD less often than non-smokers and that the duration of smoking was inversely proportional to PD risk. There are two primary hypotheses for this association in the literature. First, long-standing hypothesis, is that smoking cigarettes is neuroprotective. The second, recent hypothesis, is that there exists biological predisposition to PD, which also manifests in decreased stimulus seeking behavior, hence lesser likelihood to smoke or use nicotine (reverse causation). The objective of this article is to summarize the evidence available in the literature and evaluate the causality of the association between Parkinson9s disease and smoking cigarettes or nicotine ingestion. It is found that the first, directly causal hypothesis is a stronger contributor to the effect, although the reversely causal mechanism could play a role. It is found that smokeless tobacco use decreases the risk of PD stronger than smoking cigarettes does, suggesting that nicotine is more important in neuroprotection than other cigarette smoke constituents.