cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Home-range use by the tufted capuchin monkey ( Cebus apella nigritus ) in a subtropical rainforest of Argentina

The pattern of home-range use by seven groups of tufted capuchin monkeys Cebus apella nigritus is described in the Iguazu National Park, Argentina, during 1991–94. The seasonal changes in home-range use by one of these groups between August 1997 and December 1998, are correlated with changes in food distribution and availability. Fruit availability was estimated with fruit traps, and the abundance and distribution of food was experimentally changed within the home range of one group by using feeding platforms filled with bananas. Average home-range size is 161 ± 77 ha (range = 81–293 ha, n= 7). There is a positive relationship between the number of females per group and home-range size. Neighbouring groups have partially overlapping home ranges and aggressive relationships. Fruit abundance is scarce during the winter and peaks during the spring and early summer. The pattern of home-range use by the main study group of capuchins was consistent with the hypothesis that fruit distribution and availability is the most important factor affecting the spatial use of their range. This is evidenced by the changes in range size and in range use as the distribution and abundance of their main fruit sources change seasonally. Range use shifted dramatically during the experimental phase of this study; the capuchins reduced their range and most frequently visited the areas where the feeding platforms were located. For most populations of frugivorous monkeys, fruit distribution and availability are the main factors that determine the pattern of home-range use. However, in some populations the availability of water sources and sleeping sites can have some effect on range use. For capuchin monkeys in particular, within-species variation in home-range size, degree of range overlap and interactions between neighbouring groups are large and do not serve to characterize any species of Cebus monkeys.
Accretional Heating by Periodic Dwarf Nova Events

We have carried out the first quasi-static evolutionary model sequence with time-variable accretion in which the combined heating effect of boundary layer irradiation (including stellar rotation) and compressional heating on the underlying white dwarf accretor has been included. In the present study, we focus mainly on the behavior of the surface observables of the accreting white dwarf. This initial exploration followed the thermal evolution of a 0.6 M☉ white dwarf in a dwarf nova over many dwarf nova accretion cycles. Accretion rates of ≈10-8 M☉ yr-1, for outburst duration of days to weeks, are followed by a shutoff of the radial infall during dwarf nova quiescence. The matter is assumed to accrete "softly" with the same entropy as the white dwarf outer layers, but a fraction of the energy liberated in the boundary layer is assumed to be absorbed by the outer layer of the star (boundary layer irradiation). Accretion is resumed and shut off repeatedly at intervals of months to simulate the thermal evolution of the white dwarf in typical dwarf novae. The timescale of the white dwarf cooling is such that after a complete (outburst + quiescence) cycle, the surface of the white dwarf has not yet completely cooled down: the star has not yet readjusted and does not reach thermal equilibrium. When the evolution of the white dwarf is followed for 125 cycles (about 8 yr), the effective temperature (Teff) of the underlying white dwarf increases as a function of time (t) as log(Teff) = a log(t), where a > 0. We find that a itself decreases with increasing temperature. The inclusion of the boundary layer irradiation has no detectable effect on this particular result over the timescale studied here. When the boundary layer irradiation is taken into account, the effective surface temperature of the accreting white dwarf can increase by more than ≈20,000 K (in addition to the increase due to compressional heating) during outburst. During quiescence the outermost layer of the star quickly radiates away the energy absorbed during outburst. The overall fraction of the outer layer of the star thermally affected by the compressional heating is of the order of the mass accreted, namely, ≈10-8 M☉ during a complete run. These results indicate that after a long evolution time of many accretion cycles, the effective surface temperature of the white dwarf will increase substantially. We discuss the application of the sequence to HST studies of the observed heating of white dwarfs in dwarf novae. We also examine the effect of compressional heating on the outer envelope structure, which directly demonstrates that there is a significant heating effect. We suggest that the envelope thermal structure resulting from compression and irradiation should be a crucial component in understanding the envelope structure of a prenova white dwarf.
A characterization of the preaggregative period of Dictyostelium discoideum.

Abstract The preaggregative period of Dictyostelium discoideum has been characterized by measuring the reduction in time for the onset of aggregation under conditions which hinder close cell-cell associations, inhibit protein synthesis, and/or include continuous high concentrations or pulsed low concentrations of exogenous cAMP. The results demonstrate that: (1) the preaggregative period (normally 7 hr for cells from log phase cultures) can be dissected into two distinct components: an initial component which includes the first 4.5 hr, and a second component which includes the last 2.5 hr; (2) the first component will progress at normal rate in the continuous absence of close cell-cell associations (as single amoebae in suspension) or in the continuous absence of de novo protein synthesis; (3) the second component will not progress in the continuous absence of close cell-cell associations or de novo protein synthesis; (4) high concentrations of cAMP continuously present in suspension cultures do not affect progress through the first component, nor do they support progress through the second component; (5) however, if cells are allowed to form close cell-cell associations during progress through the first component, high concentrations of cAMP will support progress through the second component in the absence of close cell-cell associations; (6) these associations, which render cells sensitive to cAMP, will occur in the absence of de novo protein synthesis and before the acquisition of contact sites A; (7) these associations may be completely bypassed if suspended cells are continuously pulsed with low concentrations of cAMP; in this case, pulses of cAMP will support progress through the final component in continuous suspension cultures; and (8) the acquisition of contact sites A will not occur in the absence of progress through the second component; in contrast, the acquisition of cAMP binding sites on the cell's surface will occur. These results are considered in terms of the complexity and regulation of the preaggregative period of Dictyostelium .
Path planning and control of a mobile base with nonholonomic constraints

Motion Planning and control of mobile vehicles with nonholonomic constraints are in their infancy. A systematic approach for modeling and base; motion control of a mobile vehicle is presented. A nonlinear coordinate transformation that takes into account the complete dynamics with nonholonomic constraints is used in order to obtain a linear system in space coordinates. An input-output feedback linearization inner loop is subsequently designed to transform this system into a linear-point mass system in the coordinates corresponding to the control objectives. A rigorous yet simple approach to motion planning through optimization techniques is presented for these mobile vehicles. The resulting Cartesian trajectory generated from the motion planning algorithm is employed as the reference trajectory in the outer loop, which is designed based on a Lyapunov function candidate. The net result is a base motion controller that gives capabilities to these mobile vehicles not only for tracking a Cartesian trajectory but also to achieve a desired final orientation (docking angle).
5'-[4-(Pivaloyloxy)-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan-2-yl]-2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine: a membrane-permeating prodrug of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylic acid (FdUMP).

5'-[4-(Pivaloyloxy)-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan-2-yl]-2'-deoxy-5 -fluorouridine (1c) was designed as a potential membrane-permeable prodrug of 2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine 5'-monophosphate (FdUMP), a putative active metabolite of the antitumor drug 5-fluorouracil (FU). It was anticipated that 1c would be hydrolyzed in vivo by carboxylate esterase (E.C. 3.1.1.1) to the labile 4-hydroxy analogue 2a, which should penetrate cells by passive diffusion and ring open to the aldehyde 3a. Spontaneous elimination of acrolein from 3a would then generate the free nucleotide, FdUMP. 1c might also penetrate cells directly and undergo the same degradation sequence after hydrolysis by cellular esterases. 1c was prepared by condensing 2-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-(pivaloyloxy)-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane with 2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (FUdR) in the presence of triphenylphosphine and diethyl azodicarboxylate. 1c was moderately stable in aqueous buffers over the pH range 1-7.4 (T1/2 > 30 h). In the presence of carboxylate esterase, however, it was degraded, in a concentration-dependent manner, to FdUMP. No intermediates were detected in the incubation mixture. In mouse plasma, 1c was degraded first to FdUMP and then to FUdR. The latter is presumably formed by dephosphorylation of FdUMP by plasma 5'-nucleotidases or phosphatases. 1c and FU inhibited the growth of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in culture at a concentration of 5 x 10(-6) M. 1c was equally potent against a CHO variant that was 20-fold resistant to FU. Administered intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days, 1c was as effective as FU at prolonging the life span of mice bearing P-388 leukemia. In the presence of 2-mercaptoehtanesulfonic acid, an acrolein scavenger, 1c was equally effective against a P-388 mutant cell line that was resistant to FU. Collectively, these data suggest that 1c acts as a membrane-permeable prodrug of FdUMP. This prodrug strategy may be generally useful for introducing dianionic phosphates and phosphonates into cells.
Absorption of cadmium from water by North American zebra and quagga mussels (Bivalvia: Dreissenidae)

Abstract A laboratory study was conducted to determine the rates of absorption of cadmium, a common industrial pollutant, by Zebra mussels ( Dreissena polymorpha ) and quagga mussels ( Dreissona rostriformis bugensis ) when exposed to relatively high concentrations of this metal for short periods of time. The rate of absorption of cadmium was directly related to length of mussel and cadmium concentrations declined with time for large (20 and 30 mm) but not small (10 mm) zebra and quagga mussels. During a 24 hour exposure, zebra mussels of approximate lengths of 20 and 30 mm absorbed cadmium at average rates of 0.22 and 0.45 μg cadmium/mussel/hour, respectively. Quagga mussels of similar size and exposure time absorbed at average rates of 0.29 μg (20 mm) and 0.49 μg (30 mm) cadmium/mussel/hour. For 10 mm mussels of both species, absorption of cadmium was negligible.
Adaptive multiloop PI rate-based controller design for a MIMO IP router based on phase margin

We design an adaptive multiloop PI (proportional-integral) rate-based controller for the MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) AQM (active queue management) router to support best-effort streaming media traffic in the Internet. Our controller design employs the DNA (direct Nyquist array) method by shaping the Gershgorin band analytically, thus allowing users to achieve good stability robustness of the MIMO AQM control system through specifying a proper phase margin.
Modeling and simulation of distributed computing workflows in heterogeneous network environments

Next-generation computation- and network-intensive collaborative applications in various science, engineering, and e-commerce fields feature large-scale computing workflows of complex structures. Efficient algorithms are needed for task scheduling, module deployment, and service provisioning to support the execution of such distributed workflows in heterogeneous network environments and optimize their end-to-end performance for fast system response or smooth data flow. However, deploying large-scale distributed applications in real network environments is extremely challenging due to the inherent dynamics in the reliability, availability, accessibility, and capacity of massively distributed system resources, which are typically shared among a broad community of users over the Internet or dedicated connections. We propose a simulation system to study the execution dynamics of distributed computing workflows and evaluate the network performance of workflow scheduling or mapping algorithms before actual deployment and experimentation. The proposed simulation system visually illustrates the dynamic execution process of workflows in network environments by simulating module execution on computer nodes and data transfer over network links in a completely distributed and parallel manner. Furthermore, the simulation system takes background traffic and workload into consideration to achieve a high level of simulation accuracy for distributed applications deployed in shared production network environments. We implement the simulation system using multi-threaded programming and conduct extensive testings on various mapping schemes using a large number of simulated workflows and networks. The simulation-based performance measurements are quantitatively confirmed by both the experimental observations collected in real networks and the theoretical results obtained by rigorous performance analysis based on well-defined mathematical models.
Informal Supervisory Social Control Strategies

The informal strategies that are employed by supervisors outside the formal discipline and control systems are explored via a literature review and an analysis of eight case studies from the United States. A comparison with the literature on formal controls reveals that these informal strategies violate virtually all the conventional prescriptive wisdom. the descriptive sociological and anthropological research on negotiated orders, status degradation, labelling and stigmatization is found to be applicable. However, even here, important distinctions must be drawn between this study which develops workplace controllers'strategies and the majority of the prior studies which have focused on deviants' reactions to control measures in non-work settings.
Concentration and size depth profile of colloidal silver particles in glass surfaces produced by sodium-silver ion-exchange

Abstract The sodium-silver ion exchange of a commercial soda-lime silicate glass followed by an annealing process yield small silver particles in a surface layer. Microspectrophotometry spectra and transmission electron microscopy show that the mean particle size increases with the penetration depth, whereas the volume concentration is constant. A model on the basis of a homogeneous nucleation including ion exchange, diffusion, reduction and particle formation is given. The measured depth dependence is described with the model by a non-linear system of differential equations.
Cooperation in the Asia‐Pacific Region: Perspectives from the United States, Russia and Japan

(1994). Cooperation in the Asia‐Pacific Region: Perspectives from the United States, Russia and Japan. Australian Journal of International Affairs: Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 61-61.
Oxygen control of atomic structure and physical properties of SrRuO3 surfaces.

Complex oxide thin films and heterostructures have become one of the foci for condensed matter physics research due to a broad variety of properties they exhibit. Similar to the bulk, properties of oxide surfaces can be expected to be strongly affected by oxygen stoichiometry. Here we explore the coupling between atomic structure and physical properties of SrRuO3 (SRO), one of the most well-studied oxide materials. We perform a detailed in situ and ex situ experimental investigation of the surfaces of SRO thin films using a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, SQUID magnetometry, and magnetotransport measurements, as well as ab initio modeling. A number of remarkable linear surface reconstructions were observed by STM and interpreted as oxygen adatoms, favorably adsorbed in a regular rectangular or zigzag patterns. The degree of oxygen coverage and different surface patterns change the work function of the thin films, and modify local electr...
Abnormalities of the Vestibulo-Ocular Response in Congenital Esotropia

In 32 infants with congenital esotropia, I measured the vestibuloocular response. The eight patients with nystagmus compensation syndrome exhibited brisk responses. Fourteen of the 24 who had esotropia without nystagmus had severely diminished responses and the other ten had moderate responses. Vestibulo-ocular testing is useful in detecting subtle forms of nystagmus compensation syndrome, especially in young infants, in whom thorough examination of ductions and versions is difficult. Dysfunction of the vestibular system is not necessarily a primary cause of congenital esotropia, but brain-stem function in patients with congenital esotropia should be studied further.
Electron paramagnetic resonance of LiNbO3: Fe3+

Abstract We have investigated the X-band electron paramagnetic resonance of stoichiometric and congruent LiNbO3 crystals grown from melts doped with ∼ 500 weight ppm Fe2O3. The analysis of the observed Fe3+ spectrum for a general direction of magnetic field is complicated due to comparable magnitudes of the Zeeman and trigonal field interactions. From the observed lines with the magnetic field parallel to the c-axis and for a temperature range of 40°C
Assessing the Effectiveness of Team-Based Structures in Libraries

In the mid 1990s the technical services division at Pennsylvania State University Libraries was re-organized into the team environment. Teams were created as self-directed work teams, and continued to function without any assessment until 1999 when an administrative change forced an examination of their effectiveness. Concerns regarding the team organization were solicited in the form of individual meetings. Issues raised were documented and presented to the University’s Human Resources Department. A formal teams assessment survey was undertaken. The survey results were used to develop a structured environment in which to respond to the concerns and issues raised by the staff. A Management System for Performance was written as a tool by which the library can re-engineer the teams.
Chronic oil contamination and aquatic organisms with emphasis on diptera: status and bibliography

The author's literature survey reveals that only recently have small and/or continuous low-level contaminations by petroleum and petroleum products begun to receive the attention previously accorded large marine spills. Very little is known about the long-term biological effects of this kind of contamination upon marine organisms and almost nothing with regard to freshwater organisms, particularly concerning the individual organism. He recommends that the lack of literature and current research on the subject receive priority attention and offers a bibliography intended to facilitate efficient planning for future investigations. (RFC)
SECURING THE GARDEN AND LONGINGS FOR HEIMAT IN POST-WAR HANOVER, 1945–1948*

Zeroing in on private garden plots, the article discusses the manner in which Germans portrayed themselves in relation to displaced persons (DPs) – former foreign workers, Allied prisoners-of-war (POWs), and concentration camp inmates – in immediate post-Second World War Hanover. Challenging the notion that a coherent narrative of German victimization truly emerged only in the 1950s, the article reveals how German gardeners already articulated loudly a discourse through which they sought to depict themselves as decent, hard-working sufferers, while portraying displaced persons as immoral and dangerous perpetrators. The plots of garden owners, as foci of German yearnings for Heimat , came particularly under threat. Germans cherished such sites, not only because they provided the opportunity for procuring additional sustenance amidst a post-war world of scarcity, but because they symbolized longings to inhabit a peaceful, productive, and beautiful space into which the most turbulent history could not enter, and upon which a stable future could be constructed. Only with the removal of DPs could Germans claim for themselves the status of victims, while branding DPs perpetrators, and reaffirm past patterns of superiority and inferiority in both ethical and racial terms. In so doing, Germans could realize the innocence integral for achieving Heimat and establish democratic stability after 1945.
Complete resection of the cavernous sinus-indications and technique

Objective To describe surgical management with complete resection of patients with recurrent benign or malignant lesions involving the cavernous sinus after standard therapy with an emphasis on surgical indications and surgical technique. Methods Patients who underwent complete resection of the cavernous sinus for recurrent or progressive tumors or progressive infection were retrospectively identified. Results Of 8 patients who fit the inclusion criteria, 7 had recurrent or progressive tumor after previous surgery or radiation therapy or both, and 1 had progressive fungal infection (mucormycosis) despite medical treatment. Mean overall survival was 2.9 years, and 4 patients experienced complications, including 2 who died in the perioperative period. Conclusions Complete cavernous sinus resection is an option for patients with progressive or recurrent tumors after standard therapy. Extended survival can occur in some patients. The risks of surgery are considerable, and the underlying disease, age of the patient, and associated comorbidities should be considered when making the decision to operate. Surgery should be considered for oncologic resection of malignant tumors with limited extracranial disease or in patients with recurrent or progressive benign tumors. A key decision involves whether revascularization should be used with resection. Revascularization has been used in patients with inadequate vascular reserve as measured by balloon occlusion testing and patients with benign tumors and longer life expectancy.
A Systematic Approach to Industrial Technology Transfer: A Conceptual Framework and a Proposed Methodology

This paper presents a new concept of modelling successful transfers of technological innovations across the boundaries of traditionally defined areas of industry. A summary review of work in the related topics is conducted. The proposed model of technological transfer includes a provision for the development of a new taxonomy of work tasks targeted for technology applications. The model also incorporates a matrix framework for representing a match between the generic components of work tasks, typical engineering projects, generic components of technology, and specific self-contained technologies. A validation procedure for application within an industry targeted for technology transfer is outlined.
Activated Neutrophils Induce Hyperpermeability and Phosphorylation of Adherens Junction Proteins in Coronary Venular Endothelial Cells

The endothelial adherens junction is formed by complexes of transmembrane adhesive proteins, of which beta-catenin is known to connect the junctional protein vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin to the cytoskeleton and to play a signaling role in the regulation of junction-cytoskeleton interaction. In this study, we investigated the effect of neutrophil activation on endothelial monolayer integrity and on beta-catenin and VE-cadherin modification. Treatment of cultured bovine coronary endothelial monolayers with C5a-activated neutrophils resulted in an increase in permeability as measured by albumin clearance across the monolayer. Furthermore, large scale intercellular gap formation was observed in coincidence with the hyperpermeability response. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that beta-catenin and VE-cadherin staining changed from a uniform distribution along the membrane of control cells to a diffuse pattern for both proteins and finger-like projections for beta-catenin in neutrophil-exposed monolayers. Correlatively, there was an increase in actin stress fiber formation in treated cells. Finally, beta-catenin and VE-cadherin from neutrophil-treated endothelial cells showed a significant increase in tyrosine phosphorylation. Our results are the first to link neutrophil-mediated changes in adherens junctions with intercellular gap formation and hyperpermeability in microvascular endothelial cells. These data suggest that neutrophils may regulate endothelial barrier function through a process conferring conformational changes to beta-catenin and VE-cadherin.
On perturbation theory at finite temperature

Abstract We show that the largest temperature-dependent contribution to the fermion self-energy of order α2 in QED goes as (α2T4/p2)ln[(E + p)/(E − p)], where p is the 3-momentum and E is the energy, and we speculate on the form of higher-order terms in the perturbation expansion.
Hürthle cell carcinoma metastatic to the uvea

Background The authors present a case of Hurthle cell carcinoma metastatic to the uvea in a patient with known Hurthle cell tumor of the thyroid. The fluorescein angiogram suggested a neoplastic lesion, and the collar-button configuration resembled a malignant melanoma. However, standardized echography revealed high internal reflectivity and an irregular acoustic structure suggestive of a metastatic carcinoma. Methods The clinical history and examination were consistent with the diagnosis of metastatic Hurthle cell carcinoma of the eye. Results of a fine-needle aspiration biopsy and histopathology of the intraocular lesion confirmed the diagnosis. Results Because this was the patient's better-seeing eye, the tumor was treated with an 125I radioactive episcleral plaque. Over the subsequent 27 months, the lesion demonstrated a gradual regression. Conclusions We have not found any previously reported cases of Hurthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid metastatic to the eye. The diagnosis may be confirmed safely by intraocular aspiration biopsy. The lesion is responsive to radioactive plaque application. The origin, pathology, and management of this unusual tumor are reviewed.
Social Bias in Leadership Selection, Political Recruitment, and Electoral Context

The meaningful participation of the electorate in the selection of public officials is, in many respects, a defining characteristic of democratic politics. It is, of course, not the only characteristic; and it is, moreover, a characteristic that is not independent of other social phenomena that shape the process of leadership selection.1 In particular, social background broadly conceived as including status at birth and educational or occupational achievement, as well as the intervention of a small politically active stratum in the selection process affect the decision as to who gains control of government. Even in the most democratic society, the electorate does not choose from among all its members. It chooses from among a pool of eligibles disproportionately drawn from the higher social-status groups in society; the availability of these eligibles as political candidates very much depends on the intramural maneuverings within the active stratum by which some are recruited to and others eliminated from candidacy. Although the observation that the selection of persons for polit-
Malignant melanoma: Mayo Clinic experience

To present the Mayo Clinic experience with treatment of melanoma of the trunk and extremities, we reviewed previous Mayo Clinic studies on the management of malignant melanoma and summarized the survival data and treatment-related outcome. A prospective trial involving elective lymph node dissection in 171 patients with malignant melanoma showed no advantage in overall survival and disease-free survival in the group whose nodes were removed. In an assessment of the treatment variables, a Cox stepwise multiple regression analysis showed a strong correlation of lesion thickness and level of invasion with survival. Another study of 535 patients with melanomas that involved the trunk and extremities, who were treated at the Mayo Clinic between 1971 and 1980, showed an overall survival of 83%. Patients with thin lesions (less than 0.76 mm thick) had a 98% 5-year survival, whereas patients with lesions 4 mm thick or thicker had only a 45% 5-year survival. Because the Mayo Clinic prospective randomized study showed no benefit for patients with melanoma who undergo immediate or delayed lymphadenectomy in the trunk and extremities, we do not perform elective lymph node dissection; however, close follow-up of patients is instituted, and lymph node dissection is performed when nodal involvement is first suspected.
Comparison of fecal indicator bacteria densities in marine recreational waters by QPCR.

The US EPA is currently investigating the use of quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis techniques to estimate densities of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in recreational waters. Present water quality guidelines, based on culturable FIB, prevent same day water quality determination, whereas results from qPCR-based approaches are available within several hours. Epidemiological studies at Publicly-Owned Treatment Works (POTW)-impacted freshwater beaches have also indicated correlations between qPCR determined Enterococcus densities and swimming-related illness rates. Similar qPCR assays are now available for several other accepted or emerging FIB groups. This study provides an initial assessment of qPCR estimated Enterococcus, Bacteroidales, E. coli and Clostridium spp. densities in marine water and sand samples collected over one summer from two POTW-impacted recreational beaches. Relative target sequence densities of these organisms in the samples did not correspond with their relative estimated cell densities. These observations were attributable to differences in target sequences recovered from the calibrator cells of the different types of organisms. Comparative cycle threshold (CT) qPCR analyses of whole cell calibrator samples provide a simple and standardizable approach for estimating both total cell and target sequence densities of different types of FIB in water. Cell density estimates obtained by this approach are subject to uncertainty due to potential variability in absolute numbers of target sequences in the target organisms under different physiological or environmental conditions, but still may allow for informative comparisons with the target sequence estimates.
Liver sinusoid during chronic alcohol consumption in the rat : an electron microscopic study

Transmission and scanning electron microscopic studies were performed on the liver sinusoid, with emphasis on sinusoidal endothelial cells, in rats fed a liquid diet containing either alcohol or dextrin (control) for 14 weeks. Animals were also treated with either Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 μg/100 g body weight, intravenously) or sterile saline (control). All specimens were prepared after perfusion fixation of the liver. Livers of rats fed dextrin-containing liquid diet displayed the ultrastructural features typical of the sinusoid and its endothelial cells. Livers from alcohol-fed animals, however, were characterized by massive loss of sieve-plate architecture of the sinusosidal endothelium, which was virtually replaced with a meshwork of enlarged openings with diameters frequently exceeding 1 urn. Morphological evidence of Kupffer cell activation could also be seen along with significant fatty infiltration of the hepatocyte. Conversely, LPS administration to dextrin-fed animals induced an apparent decrease in fenestration of the sinusoidal endothelial cell, accompanied by morphological evidence of enhanced endocytotic activity and cytoplasmic swelling. The changes seen 3 hr after LPS administration were markedly advanced at 24 hr. LPS administration to alcohol-fed rats accentuated the alterations observed after alcohol treatment alone. Additionally, the presence of platelets in the sinusoid as well as adhering to the hepatocyte microvilli in the space of Disse, along with the presence of Ito and Kupffer cell activation, greater than that observed in the alcohol-treated rats, is morphological evidence consistent with the disruption of vascular integrity in the liver. Interestingly, LPS treatment did not reverse the effects of alcohol on the sinusoidal endothelial cell fenestration. The possible functional consequences of alcohol- and LPS-induced ultrastructural alterations of the sinusoidal endothelial cell, and of the hepatic sinusoid in general, are evaluated in light of the available data on scavenging function of the sinusoidal endothelial cell.
Chromatin insulators specifically associate with different levels of higher-order chromatin organization in Drosophila

Chromatin insulators are required for proper temporal and spatial expression of genes in metazoans. Here, we have analyzed the distribution of insulator proteins on the 56F–58A region of chromosome 2R in Drosophila polytene chromosomes to assess the role of chromatin insulators in shaping genome architecture. Data show that the suppressor of Hairy-wing protein [Su(Hw)] is found in three structures differentially associated with insulator proteins: bands, interbands, and multi-gene domains of coexpressed genes. Results show that bands are generally formed by condensation of chromatin that belongs to genes containing one or more Su(Hw) binding sites, whereas, in interbands, Su(Hw) sites appear associated with open chromatin. In addition, clusters of coexpressed genes in this region form bands characterized by the lack of CP190 and BEAF-32 insulator proteins. This pattern correlates with the distribution of specific chromatin marks and is conserved in nurse cells, suggesting that this organization may not be limited to one cell type but represents the basic organization of interphasic chromosomes.
Specialization: A Detriment to Problem Conception

Specialization is an agent of separation, both between competing specialists and between technology and society. Specialization is not an agent of integration. In the problem conception phase of the engineering design process, the emphasis must be on formulating and developing the questions that will frame the ultimate design solution. Using specialists in this phase often leads to biased questions based on the specialists’ areas of expertise. Rather, what is needed is a suspension of commitment to particular solutions and to ask questions without preconceived biases. This study takes a critical look at engineering education as now practiced versus the practice of 40 years ago and concludes with a recommendation for more broadly educating future engineers.
EDUCATION MODERATES SOME RESPONSE EFFECTS IN ATTITUDE MEASUREMENT

Les AA. s'interessent au lien entre niveau d'instruction et effets de reponse. Ils presentent un certain nombre de donnees collectees aux Etats-Unis. Il examinent l'influence du niveau d'instruction en ce qui concerne l'impact de l'ordre des reponses, l'influence de l'ordre des questions, de l'assentiment, des reponses de type sans-opinion, des reponses aux questions qui utilisent les verbes permettre ou interdire, de celles qui ne sont pas decidables
But are they Meritorious? Genetic Productivity Gains under Plant Intellectual Property Rights

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of Plant Variety Protection (PVP) on the productive merit/yield increases of US seed varieties. As an example, we use wheat varieties, which are and have been available as both protected and unprotected under PVP from both the public and private sectors. We find evidence that PVP has contributed to the genetic improvement of wheat, using varietal trial data from Washington State. As the private open-pollinated varieties exist only because of PVP and are higher yielding, these results indicate a clear public benefit from PVP.
Gateway to Prestel

Abstract Extension of the UK Prestel viewdata (videotex) service by linking it to external private computers is discussed. This ‘Gateway’ facility will offer an interactive service enabling two-way communication between private computers and Prestel receivers. Phase Two of Gateway's introduction will make a number of large databases directly available to the public and is likely to stimulate a growth in mailorder, banking and retail services.
Second-order function realisation with switched-capacitor network and unity-gain amplifiers

A switched-capacitor network realising a second-order function is presented which uses the operational amplifier in the unity-gain mode. The circuit has small sensitivities, a good dynamic range and a reasonable spread of capacitor values. It can be used for a high Q realisation and a relatively high frequency range.
A coupled meshless-finite element method for fracture analysis of cracks

Abstract This paper presents a coupling technique for integrating the element-free Galerkin method (EFGM) with the traditional finite element method (FEM) for analyzing linear-elastic cracked structures subject to mode-I and mixed-mode loading conditions. The EFGM was used to model material behavior close to cracks and the FEM in areas away from cracks. In the interface region, the resulting shape function, which comprises both EFGM and FEM shape functions, satisfies the consistency condition thus ensuring convergence of the method. The proposed method was applied to calculate mode-I and mode-II stress–intensity factors (SIFs) in a number of two-dimensional cracked structures. The SIFs predicted by this method compare very well with the existing solutions obtained by all-FEM or all-EFGM analyses. A significant saving of computational effort can be achieved due to coupling in the proposed method when compared with the existing meshless methods. Furthermore, the coupled EFGM–FEM method was applied to model crack propagation under mixed-mode loading condition. Since the method is partly meshless, a structured mesh is not required in the vicinity of the cracks. Only a scattered set of nodal points is required in the domain of interest. A growing crack can be modeled by simply extending the free surfaces, which correspond to a crack. By sidestepping remeshing requirements, crack-propagation analysis can be dramatically simplified. A number of mixed-mode problems were studied to simulate crack propagation. The agreement between the predicted crack trajectories with those obtained from existing numerical simulation and experiments are excellent.
A Study of a Multiple Component Feedback Approach to Substantive Revision for Secondary ELL and Multilingual Writers.

This mixed method investigation included a quasi-experiment examining if revision instruction enhanced the substantive revising behavior of 15 English language learner (ELL) and multilingual 10th grade students enrolled in an English class for underperforming students in comparison to 14 non-ELL and multilingual students from the same class who did not receive such instruction. The study also involved a qualitative analyses of the revisions made by students from both groups to more fully describe the type and frequency of substantive revisions made. In terms of the quasi-experiment, students in the treatment group made more Developing Argument revisions than the control group. The qualitative analysis revealed the specific moves students made in their revision work to develop argument including: utilizing text, personal opinion, interpreting text, extending argument, and asking a question. Theoretical and educational implications of the findings are discussed.
On the isoperimetric constants for product measures

Isoperimetric constants of product probability measures are known to have an almost dimension-free character. We propose a new proof based on certain Sobolev-type inequalities of additive type (introduced by the author in connection with the isoperimetric problem in Gauss space). Bibliography: 18 titles.
Three-phase bus proximity effect factors

THE THEORY underlying design of 3-phase coaxial busses comprised of square tubular conductors has been developed by the authors in a recent paper. In this article:
Bond valence sums and structural studies of antimony complexes containing Sb bonded only to O ligands

Abstract New R0 values for Sb(III)–O of 1.955(13) A and for Sb(V)–O of 1.912(12) A were derived from a bond valence sum, or BVS, analysis of of 123 SbOn fragments with n = 3–7. These R0 values can be used to calculate the oxidation state, or OS, of Sb in complexes where Sb is bonded only to O ligands. If the OS of the Sb ion is uncertain, the average R0 value of 1.934 A can be used to decide between the +3 or +5 OS from the observed Sb–O bond distances without any assumptions. The Sb–O distances used in deriving the R0 values for the +3 and +5 complexes are tabulated as a function of coordination number and have a wide range of values, but the average Sb–O distance reflects the requirement that the BVS must equal the OS. To supplement the Sb–O data, 2 new antimony tartrates were synthesized, and their crystal structures were determined. A single crystal structure determination of NaSb(OH)6, an unexpected reaction product, gave Sb–O distances that were also included in our BVS analysis.
Folding Experiments on an Artificial Schist

EXPERIMENTS on the folding of rocks1–4 and rock analogues5–11 are giving a new stimulus to studies of natural folds. But an important factor in natural folding, which has not yet been explored in experiments, is the presence of interstitial solutions. This report is a preliminary account of folds obtained in a salt-mica schist deformed dry and in the presence of pore water. Salt was used in place of quartz because of its greater solubility and ductility at experimentally convenient conditions (room temperature and low confining pressure). All specimens were loaded parallel to the foliation. A detailed account will be published elsewhere of structures, including conjugate crenulation cleavage, that can be induced in this material by loading normal to the foliation.
Miliary tuberculosis following ureteral catheterization

In a patient with undiagnosed right renal tuberculosis miliary spread to both lungs developed following ureteral catheterization. Mycobacteremia with miliary metastatic foci should be considered as a complication of urinary tract instrumentation in the presence of renal tuberculosis.
IllumiShare: sharing any surface

Task and reference spaces are important communication channels for remote collaboration. However, all existing systems for sharing these spaces have an inherent weakness: they cannot share arbitrary physical and digital objects on arbitrary surfaces. We present IllumiShare, a new cost-effective, light-weight device that solves this issue. It both shares physical and digital objects on arbitrary surfaces and provides rich referential awareness. To evaluate IllumiShare, we studied pairs of children playing remotely. They used IllumiShare to share the task-reference space and Skype Video to share the person space. The study results show that IllumiShare shared the play space in a natural and seamless way. We also found that children preferred having both spaces compared to having only one. Moreover, we found that removing the task-reference space caused stronger negative disruptions to the play task and engagement level than removing the person space. Similarly, we found that adding the task-reference space resulted in stronger positive disruptions.
Guanosine metabolism in Novikoff hepatoma cells: isolation and characterization of guanosine resistant variants.

Abstract Clones resistant to 0.15% guanosine were isolated from rat hepatoma cells. Analysis of cell extracts from these clones revealed the presence of normal levels of purine nucleoside phosphorylase activity but less than 2% of the parental level of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase activity. In addition, the resistant cells transported guanosine and inosine at less than 2% of the rate of sensitive cells. Despite this low rate of transport, the resistant cells were still capable of metabolizing extracellular guanosine and inosine. The ability of the resistant cells to metabolize guanosine and inosine without requiring their direct transport lends support to the existence of a membrane localized form of purine nucleoside phosphorylase which metabolizes extracellular purine nucleosides.
Calculating climate attractor dimension from delta O-18 records by the Grassberger-Procaccia algorithm

The Grassberger-Procaccia method of calculating dimension from a time series is applied to 14 late Pleistocene delta O-18 records. A step-by-step sequence leading from data to the Grassberger-Procaccia dimension is outlined, and the problems encountered when dealing with observed (as opposed to theoretical) data are discussed; for the climatic proxy data these problems include situations where the time series is not very long, is noisy and/or smoothed, and is not sampled at a constant time interval. The delta O-18 records to be used are described, and the results are presented and compared with previously published dimension calculations. New dimension interpretations are assessed, and an example using a synthetic time series that illustrates the possible error due to inconsistencies in the time scale is analyzed.
Inertial effects in magnetically stabilized thermocapillary convections during floating-zone semiconductor crystal growth in space

For the floating-zone growth of semiconductor crystals in space, striation-producing unsteady melt motions can be eliminated by applying a steady magnetic field which is parallel to the common centerline of the crystal and feed rod. A previous paper [T.E. Morthland and J.S. Walker, J. Crystal Growth 158 (1996) 471] presented numerical solutions for steady thermocapillary convections neglecting the inertial terms in the Navier-Stokes equation. With power limitations in space, achievable magnetic field strengths are large enough to eliminate unsteadiness in the melt motion, but are not large enough that inertial effects are negligible. The numerical solutions presented here include inertial effects, which reduce the magnitudes of the two circulations and shift their centers toward the solid-melt interfaces.
A comparison of the Simmons-Smith reaction with carbenoids to nitrenoids and oxenoids

Abstract A computational study using both density functional and correlated wavefunction methods on the reaction between ethylene and model zinc carbenoid, nitrenoid and oxenoid complexes (L–Zn–E–X, E = CH 2 , NH or O, L = X = I or Cl) is reported. An investigation at DFT and MP2 levels of theory predicts that the epoxidation of ethylene with ClZnOCl oxenoid proceeds through a two-step mechanism involving an initial oxometalation and subsequent ring-closure, the latter being the rate determining step (RDS). Among all DFT methods applied in this study, BP86/CEP-31G(d) method produced the most similar geometries and energy barrier for the second step to those derived from MP2 simulations with correlation consistent basis sets. Interestingly, the mechanism of the cyclization reaction of ethylene with LZnEX is dependent on both E and X groups. Cyclopropanation of ethylene with IZnCH 2 I and aziridination of ethylene with IZnNHI proceed via a single-step mechanism with an asynchronous transition state. The reaction barrier for the aziridination with IZnNHI is 5.4 kcal/mol lower than that of cyclopropanation. Changing the leaving group of IZnNHI from I to Cl changes the mechanism of the aziridination reaction to a two-step pathway, with the second step as the RDS. The calculation results from the epoxidation with IZnOI and ClZnOCl oxenoids suggest a two-step mechanism for both oxenoids. The epoxidation reaction barriers for the RDS for both IZnOI and ClZnOCl is ∼15 kcal/mol, which is ∼6 kcal/mol less than that calculated for aziridination of ethylene with ClZnNHCl nitrenoid.