cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of main causes of deaths and potential years of life lost among residents in Guangzhou City,2011

Objective To analyze the main causes of death and the potential years of life lost(PYLL) among residents in Guangzhou in 2011.Methods The population data in 2011 were provided by the Health Bureau of Guangzhou City.The data of death causes of Guangzhou in 2011 were obtained from the registry and report system of death causes.The causes of death were classified according to ICD-10.The leading causes of death and the potential life loss among residents in Guangzhou in 2011 were evaluated by the mortality rate,life expectancy,cause-deleted life expectancy and PYLL.Results There were 44 262 cases of deaths in Guangzhou in 2011.The mortality rate was 544.47 /100 000(standardized rate was 336.45 /100 000) in 2011.The mortality rates were 612.50 /100 000(standardized rate was 431.12 /100 000) in male and 474.66 /100 000(standardized rate was 248.26 /100 000) in female.The mortality in male was significantly higher than that in female(P 0.01).The six leading causes of death were malignant neoplasms,heart diseases,respiratory diseases,cerebrovascular diseases,acatalepsy,and injury,and their death rates were 133.44 /100 000,101.82 /100 000,100.68 /100 000,73.70 /100 000,31.54 /100 000,and 26.53 /100 000,respectively.The life expectancy was 80.83 years.It would increase 3.81,2.78,and 2.73 years if removing the three leading causes of death.Their PYLL were 107 716.00,81 414.00,81 106.50,61 978.50,26 523.00,and 22 232.50 years.Conclusion The chronic diseases,especially,extraordinary malignant neoplasms,heart diseases,and respiratory diseases were the main causes of deaths in Guangzhou in 2011.The prevention and treatment of malignant neoplasms,heart diseases,respiratory diseases should be the focus of health care in Guangzhou.In particular,the prevention of tumorigenesis and the early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to the reduction of population life lost.
Imaging in liver transplantation

Thoughtfully planned and skillfully executed diagnostic and interventional imaging is indispensible in preoperative assessment of the pediatric liver transplant candidate and for the detection and management of the myriad postoperative complications that may affect the liver recipient.
Applying Shear Stress to Pluripotent Stem Cells

Thorough understanding of the effects of shear stress on stem cells is critical for the rationale design of large-scale production of cell-based therapies. This is of growing importance as emerging tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications drive the need for clinically relevant numbers of both pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and cells derived from PSCs. Here, we describe the use of a custom parallel plate bioreactor system to impose fluid shear stress on a layer of PSCs adhered to protein-coated glass slides. This system can be useful both for basic science studies in mechanotransduction and as a surrogate model for bioreactors used in large-scale production.
Does Foreign Ownership Matter? Evidence from Foreign Bank Ownership in Central and Eastern Europe during the Financial Crisis

Very high levels of foreign bank ownership in central and eastern Europe gave rise to fears that the region would be vulnerable to “cutting and running” during a financial crisis, whereby western parent banks would repatriate capital to their home markets and abandon their CEE clients. Such fears were compounded by the nationalist economic discourse that manifested itself in late 2008 and early 2009 in western Europe, as well as by a series of west European bank bail-out programs that privileged home markets over foreign ones. Although CEE experienced a severe credit crunch following the collapse of Lehman Brothers in late 2008, compared to other financial and economic crises, western bank behavior in CEE has not exactly amounted to “cutting and running”. This paper argues that the deep form of financial and economic integration to which CEE has been subject over the last two decades that is dependent on the European Union’s political integration, secured Western banks’ exposure commitments in the region. Specifically, west European banks’ “second home market” business model in CEE has led to only moderate retrenchment from CEE.
Bad Actors in Social Media

Bad actors seriously compromise social media every day by threatening the safety of the users and the integrity of the content. This keynote speech will give an overview of the state of the art social network analysis, data mining, and machine learning techniques to detect bad actors in social media. More specifically, we will describe both general methods that are platform independent or valid for any malicious user, and methods specific to a particular social media (Twitter, Facebook, Slashdot, Wikipedia, Instagram) and/or a given type of bad actor (bots, spammers, trolls, vandals, cyberbullies). We will group these methods into four broad categories, namely (i) active methods, (ii) content-based, (iii) social network-based, and (iv) behavior-based, and show their effectiveness in enforcing cybersafety.
Solid Organ Transplantation

As patients live longer with functioning allografts, the prevalence of solid organ transplant recipients will continue to increase, thus making it likely that many primary care providers will treat patients with an organ transplant. As the population of living transplant recipients grows, primary care providers will increasingly play a key role in the long-term management of transplant recipients. The introductory case presentation and discussion aim to educate the primary care provider about common medical problems experienced by transplant recipients, to provide some fundamental knowledge of immunosuppressive medications and their drug interactions, and to highlight key issues when comanagement with the transplant sub-subspecialist is indicated. Though the chapter focuses on kidney transplantation, the issues can be related to liver and cardiac transplant recipients with some caveats.
Quantitative Magnetization Transfer Imaging of the Breast at 3.0 T: Reproducibility in Healthy Volunteers.

Quantitative magnetization transfer magnetic resonance imaging provides a means for indirectly detecting changes in the macromolecular content of tissue noninvasively. A potential application is the diagnosis and assessment of treatment response in breast cancer; however, before quantitative magnetization transfer imaging can be reliably used in such settings, the technique's reproducibility in healthy breast tissue must be established. Thus, this study aims to establish the reproducibility of the measurement of the macromolecular-to-free water proton pool size ratio (PSR) in healthy fibroglandular (FG) breast tissue. Thirteen women with no history of breast disease were scanned twice within a single scanning session, with repositioning between scans. Eleven women had appreciable FG tissue for test–retest measurements. Mean PSR values for the FG tissue ranged from 9.5% to 16.7%. The absolute value of the difference between 2 mean PSR measurements for each volunteer ranged from 0.1% to 2.1%. The 95% confidence interval for the mean difference was ±0.75%, and the repeatability value was 2.39%. These results indicate that the expected measurement variability would be ±0.75% for a cohort of a similar size and would be ±2.39% for an individual, suggesting that future studies of change in PSR in patients with breast cancer are feasible.
Ontology for Enterprise Modeling

Enterprise modeling has a history of related research that has advanced high-level concepts that do not map well to implementation-oriented models like UML. Here acknowledging that the enterprise and business context impacts implementation requirements for adaptive services, we introduce the notation for representing the Adaptive Complex Enterprises through the Requirements-Execution-Delivery interaction or primitive. This simple primitive allows complex models to be developed that treats business processes at all levels and underlying data processing systems as well as human processing systems in a holistic fashion. In this paper we introduce the ontology underlying the Requirements-Execution-Delivery interactions, thus allowing Requirements-Execution-Delivery to be precisely specified as a single primitive for modeling, execution, and monitoring the behavior of Adaptive Complex Enterprises. We show how this takes the concepts developed in artificial intelligence and applies it into business activity monitoring.
Pierre-Simon Laplace: Der Mann, der alles machte

Gegenuber von Tunbridge Wells auf der anderen Seite des Kanals feierte der Burgermeister eines kleinen Dorfes in der Normandie ungefahr zur selben Zeit, als sich Thomas Bayes das Kugelexperiment uberlegte, die Geburt seines Sohnes Pierre-Simon Laplace, der zum Einstein seines Zeitalters werden sollte.
Comprehensive Modeling of Three-Phase Distribution Systems via the Bus Admittance Matrix

The theme of this paper is three-phase distribution system modeling suitable for the Z-Bus load-flow. Detailed models of wye and delta constant-power, constant-current, and constant-impedance loads are presented. Models of transmission lines, step-voltage regulators, and transformers that build the bus admittance matrix (Y-Bus) are laid out. The Z-Bus load-flow is then reviewed and the singularity of the Y-Bus in case of certain transformer connections is rigorously discussed. Based on realistic assumptions and conventional modifications, the invertibility of the Y-Bus is proved. Last but not least, MATLAB scripts that model the components of the IEEE 37-bus, the IEEE 123-bus, the 8500-node feeders, and the European 906-bus low-voltage feeder are provided.
Case 7: Acinetobacter baumannii Outbreak in an ICU – Can Our Equipment Be at Fault?

An outbreak of a multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has occurred in your hospital ICU. One small child has died and five other patients are on ventilator support. Hygienic measures are intensified. This includes instructing the healthcare workers to strictly adhere to hand hygiene between and during bronchial washing, flushing gastric tubes, caring for wounds, and washing of patients. Supplies of utility goods at the patients’ bedside are kept to a minimum. The rooms are cleaned more frequently, with particular attention paid to areas where dust is likely to gather.
Using 3D Printing (Additive Manufacturing) to Produce Low-Cost Simulation Models for Medical Training.

Objectives This work describes customized, task-specific simulation models derived from 3D printing in clinical settings and medical professional training programs. Methods Simulation models/task trainers have an array of purposes and desired achievements for the trainee, defining that these are the first step in the production process. After this purpose is defined, computer-aided design and 3D printing (additive manufacturing) are used to create a customized anatomical model. Simulation models then undergo initial in-house testing by medical specialists followed by a larger scale beta testing. Feedback is acquired, via surveys, to validate effectiveness and to guide or determine if any future modifications and/or improvements are necessary. Results Numerous custom simulation models have been successfully completed with resulting task trainers designed for procedures, including removal of ocular foreign bodies, ultrasound-guided joint injections, nerve block injections, and various suturing and reconstruction procedures. These task trainers have been frequently utilized in the delivery of simulation-based training with increasing demand. Conclusions 3D printing has been integral to the production of limited-quantity, low-cost simulation models across a variety of medical specialties. In general, production cost is a small fraction of a commercial, generic simulation model, if available. These simulation and training models are customized to the educational need and serve an integral role in the education of our military health professionals.
Multifunction phased array radar advanced technology demonstrator nearfield test results

Since 2007, MIT Lincoln Laboratory (LL) has been developing low-cost phased array panel technology in support of the Multifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR) program. The MPAR program targeted the development of affordable active electronically scanned arrays (AESAs) for the civilian applications of aircraft surveillance and weather forecasting. Over the last decade, in a teaming with MACOM, Lincoln Laboratory has developed an S-band, 64-element dual-polarization (pol) panel with a peak radiated power of 6W per element per pol. The 3rd generation (Gen3) panel will be used to populate a 4m-diamter, 76-panel fully polarimetric AESA radar. This radar, the MPAR Advanced Technology Demonstrator (ATD), will be fielded at the National Weather Radar Testbed (NWRT) at the National Severe Storm Laboratory (NSSL) in Norman, OK, with IOC scheduled for 2018. This paper summarizes the development of the MPAR panels, the ATD, and the nearfield characterization of the ATD scheduled for the latter half of 2017.
Diagnosis of NK and cytotoxic T-cell disorders: a review

Abstract A number of NK- and T-cell lymphomas with diverse clinical, histologic, and immunophenotypic features express one or more cytotoxic markers. Because these lymphomas are rare they can be challenging to diagnose for clinicians and pathologists. Though the common theme among the neoplasms discussed in this review is expression of one or more cytotoxic markers, expression of other markers such as cytoplasmic CD3, EBV-associated molecules, CD56, and CD30 tend to provide more important clues to the correct diagnosis. In this review, we discuss NK- and T-cell lymphomas and highlight certain key features that can aid in arriving at the correct diagnosis of these malignancies.
An Experimental Study of Transient Boiling

An experimental investigation of heat transfer to subcooled water under transient conditions has been conducted. Heat was generated electrically in platinum and aluminum ribbons in such a manner as...
A Closed Sequential Test for Randomness

This article suggests a simple closed sequential test of the hypothesis that a sequence of observations is independent, with the alternative that the observations are correlated as in a Markov chain in which each observation is dependent on the precedin..
Interpretation of borehole sonic measurements acquired in vertical transversely isotropic formations penetrated by vertical wells

ABSTRACTDetecting vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) formations and quantifying the magnitude of anisotropy are fundamental for describing organic mudrocks. Methods used to estimate stiffness co...
Cenabis Bene: Treg Cells Invite Macrophages to Dine.

Resolution of the immune response requires a coordinated effort to dampen inflammatory mediators and remove dying cells and debris. In this issue of Immunity, Proto et al. (2018) describe a circuit by which regulatory T cells enhance macrophage consumption of apoptotic cells during resolution.
Case of a tracheal diverticulum causing airway obstruction.

We present a case of an active duty soldier in his mid-20s with recurrent night sweats, preauricular lymphadenopathy and a precipitous decline in his exercise capacity. He ran 7 miles regularly, however he was becoming dyspnoeic with distances of less than 1 mile causing him to fail multiple attempts at the Army Physical Fitness Test. The patient's constitutional symptoms prompted a workup for possible lymphoma. CT …
Valorization of straw waste by co-firing coal and straw in swirling stabilized burner

The purpose of the current study is to valorize straw waste by co-firing coal and straw in a swirl-stabilized reactor in order to produce a clean energy. To fulfill this purpose, a comprehensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of co-firing coal and straw was presented, in which the pulverized straw particles and coal particles are independently injected into the burner through two concentric injection tubes. The numerical approach is based on Reynolds averaged Navier--Stokes (RANS) approach using the realizable k--e turbulence model for turbulence, the non-premixed combustion model for gas phase combustion, the Lagrangian approach (DPM) for the discrete second and the DO for radiation. The finding results show a good agreement with numerical and experimental data.
Skin Blood Flow After Axillary Brachial Plexus Block: Use of Laser Doppler Flowmetry

Laser doppler flowmetry was used to measure the effects of axillary brachial plexus block on skin blood flow. The principles of the laser doppler are presented. Results indicated that blood flow in the blocked extremity (as well as temperature) increased significantly, whereas blood flow in the unblocked extremity (as well as temperature) declined significantly. The ease of obtaining these measurements should encourage investigators to apply the laser doppler apparatus for future similar studies.
Instrumentation and Data Acquisition Mistakes in a Structural Dynamics Facility and How to Learn from Them

Many common mistakes are made as a new engineer or technician using dynamics instrumentation such as accelerometers, pressure transducers, and strain gages. A lot of these are well known or documented and published. Working in a combined-environment testing facility such as AFRL’s Structural Dynamics Lab provides an additional layer of complexity by pushing instrumentation and data acquisition hardware to the limits of their operation parameters. This paper will discuss some of those lessons learned the hard way so that others can learn to not repeat them.
Photothermal mirror Z-scan spectrometry of opaque samples

This contribution introduces a pump-probe photothermal mirror Z-scan method to measure the thermal quantum yield, the thermal diffusivity, and other photothermal parameters of an opaque solid. The focusing of a pump beam of light onto the sample generates thermoelastic surface distortions. The distorted surface acts as a mirror affecting the diffraction pattern of a reflected probe beam yielding the experimental signal. Scanning the focusing lens produces a single peak photothermal mirror Z-scan signature. The amplitude and time evolution of the signal determines the sample’s photothermal properties. The method is used to analyze gallium arsenide and silicon plates, obtaining good agreement with previous studies.
Cavity Exciton-Polariton Condensates in Engineered Potential Landscapes at Room Temperature

We create exciton-polariton (strongly coupled light-matter quasi particles) Bose-Einstein condensates at room temperature [1] by optically exciting a ladder-type conjugated polymer [2] placed inside a tuneable Fabry-Perot microcavity [3]. By Focussed Ion Beam (FIB) milling we fabricate different structure for inplane confinement, ranging from 0D (single Gaussian-shaped defect) to 2D ones (arrays of coupled Gaussian defects). In the first part of this work we focus on the basic building blocks of our system, the strong light-matter coupling and the exciton-polariton condensation localized in a 0D Gaussian-shaped defect structure. The strong coupling between the excitonic resonance of the conjugated polymer and the individual cavity modes is obtained by exciting the system while detuning the cavity length till the anti-crossing behaviour of the modes appears. By increasing the excitation power above threshold, we reach room temperature condensation in a single Gaussian defect. The condensation features are demonstrated by showing non-linear emission intensity, spectral line-narrowing and a characteristic blue shift as function of excitation power. To better characterize the condensation in such a system, we studied the angular emission (Fig. 1 (a) and (b)) and the first order coherence (Fig. 1 (c) and (d)) of the exciton-polaritons below and above threshold.
Mid-air Motion Planning of Floating Robot Using Heat Flow Method

Abstract We address in this paper the problem of planning motion of free floating robot. Due to the conservation of angular and linear momentum during the in-air motion, the problem is two-fold: one needs to design, in addition to the in-air motion, the initial impulse that imparts the robot with the appropriate momentum to perform a desired motion. We propose in this paper a new method to address this problem. The method is a homotopy method which deforms an arbitrary path connecting the desired initial and final states to a feasible trajectory between these states, that is a trajectory that meets the system’s dynamics and constraints. From this trajectory, the method extracts both the controls and initial momentum needed to perform the motion. We illustrate the method by designing somersault motions for a diver robot.
Individualizing the starting dose for MPT therapy in elderly myeloma patients.

e18555 Background: Many elderly or frail myeloma patients ineligible for autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) receive non-myeloablative therapies such as the melphalan/prednisone/thalidomide (MPT...
Aggressive growing of the infantile cavernous hemangioma of the calvaria: a case report and review of literature

Primary intraosseous cavernous hemangiomas of the skull are very rare in the pediatric age group and usually slow-growing tumors. We present a case of 5-month-old girl with a left occipital cavernous hemangioma that is rapidly growing. The subcutaneous occipital tiny mass was first noted at birth, and the lesion became rapidly enlarged in size and became soft for 3 months. The left occipital subcutaneous lesion was 4.0 × 4.0 × 2.0 cm (AP × LR × HT) in size. There was no history of trauma or bone tumor in her family. She underwent resection of the lesion, and a pathologic diagnosis of calvarial cavernous hemangioma was made. No recurrence was seen 1 year after surgery. The rapid growth of the infant cavernous hemangioma might be related to not only bleeding and/or congestion of the lesion but the immature thin skull of the infant.
ETV2 (Ets Variant Transcription Factor 2)-Rhoj Cascade Regulates Endothelial Progenitor Cell Migration During Embryogenesis.

Objective: Endothelial progenitors migrate early during embryogenesis to form the primary vascular plexus. The regulatory mechanisms that govern their migration are not completely defined. Here, we...
Experimental Tests of the Chiral Anomaly Magnetoresistance in the Dirac-Weyl Semimetals Na3Bi and GdPtBi

A new experimental test confirms evidence for a chiral anomaly in two Dirac-Weyl semimetals, excluding possible confusion with a classical effect known as current jetting.
Five Approaches to Insuring Cyber Risks

Cyber risks are some of the most dangerous risks of the twenty-first century. Many types of businesses, including retail stores, healthcare entities and financial institutions, as well as government entities, are the targets of cyber attacks. The simple reality is that no computer security system is completely safe. They all can be breached if the hackers are skilled enough and determined. Consequently, the worldwide damages caused by cyber attacks are predicted to reach $10.5 trillion by 2025. Insuring such risks is a monumental task. The cyber insurance market currently is fragmented with hundreds of insurers selling their own cyber risk insurance policies that cover different types of cyber risks. This means the purchasers of cyber insurance must be experts in both insurance and cyber security in order to make a knowledgeable purchase. And, even knowledgeable purchasers of cyber insurance can only obtain limited coverage for cyber risks. This is because the insurance is sold on a named peril, as opposed to all-risk, basis and the policies contain numerous exclusions. Cyber policies also have relatively low policy limits in comparison to other lines of insurance and the enormity of the risks presented. This Article explores ways the cyber insurance market could be improved. In doing so, it analyzes the current cyber insurance market, including the history of cyber insurance and the challenges that insuring cyber risks present. The Article then offers five different approaches to insuring cyber risks moving forward that address many of the problems with the current cyber insurance market. Ultimately, the article concludes the fifth approach, the novel “all-risk private-public” approach, would be the best one.
Electronic structure and topology across T c in the magnetic Weyl semimetal Co 3 Sn 2 S 2

${\mathrm{Co}}_{3}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{2}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ is a magnetic Weyl semimetal, in which ferromagnetic ordering at 177 K is predicted to stabilize Weyl points. We perform temperature and spatial dependent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements through the Curie temperature (${T}_{c}$), which show large band shifts and renormalization concomitant with the onset of magnetism. We argue that ${\mathrm{Co}}_{3}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{2}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ evolves from a Mott ferromagnet below ${T}_{c}$ to a correlated metallic state above ${T}_{c}$. To understand the magnetism, we derive a tight-binding model of Co-$3{d}_{{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}$ orbitals on the kagome lattice. At the filling obtained by first-principles calculations, this model reproduces the ferromagnetic ground state, and results in the reduction of Coulomb interactions due to cluster effects. Using a disordered local moment simulation, we show how this reduced Hubbard $U$ leads to a collapse of the bands across the magnetic transition, resulting in a correlated state, which carries associated characteristic photoemission signatures that are distinct from those of a simple lifting of exchange splitting. The behavior of topology across ${T}_{c}$ is discussed in the context of this description of the magnetism.
Temporal Analyses of Postnatal Liver Development and Maturation by Single Cell Transcriptomics

Liver is the major metabolic organ, although its postnatal development and maturation are inadequately understood. We analyzed 52,834 single cell transcriptomes and identified 31 cell types or states in mouse livers at postnatal day 1, 3, 7, 21 and 56. We observed unexpectedly high levels of hepatocyte heterogeneity in the developing liver and progressive construction of the zonated metabolic functions from pericentral to periportal hepatocytes, which was orchestrated with development of sinusoid endothelial, stellate and Kupffer cells. Trajectory and gene regulatory analyses captured 36 transcription factors, including a circadian regulator Bhlhe40, in programming liver development. Remarkably, we identified a special group of macrophages enriched at day 7 with a hybrid phenotype of macrophages and endothelial cells, which may regulate sinusoidal construction and Treg cell function. This study provides a comprehensive atlas that covers all hepatic cell types instrumental for further dissection of liver development, metabolic functions and diseases. In BriefO_LISingle cell transcriptomics of all hepatic cell types in neonatal and adult livers C_LIO_LIConcerted development of zonated metabolic functions in hepatocytes and NPCs C_LIO_LITransient emergence of a distinct group of macrophages at postnatal day 7 C_LIO_LIHepatic cell-cell communications that program postnatal liver development C_LI
dq modeling of five phase synchronous reluctance machines including third harmonic of air-gap MMF

A detailed analysis and development of the d-q equations for a five phase synchronous reluctance machine including the third harmonic of the air-gap are presented. The resulting equations are compared with the equations in the natural (abc) system. Simulation traces are used to confirm the model. The developed equations are compared to the experimental results and the similarities and discrepancies identified. >
The Generalized Stable Allocation Problem

We introduce and study the generalized stable allocation problem, an "ordinal" variant of the well-studied generalized assignment problem in which we seek a fractional assignment that is stable (in the same sense as in the classical stable marriage problem) with respect to a two-sided set of ranked preference lists. We develop an O (m logn ) algorithm for solving this problem in a bipartite assignment graph with n nodes and m edges. When edge costs are present, we show that it is NP-hard to compute a stable assignment of minimum cost, a result that stands in stark contrast with most other stable matching problems (e.g., the stable marriage and stable allocation problems) for which we can efficiently optimize over the set of all stable assignments.
The Force Method

Up to this point, we have focused on the analysis of statically determinate structures because the analysis process is fairly straightforward; only the force equilibrium equations are required to determine the member forces. However, there is another category of structures, called statically indeterminate structures, which are also employed in practice. Indeterminate structures require another set of equations, in addition to the force equilibrium equations, in order to solve for the member forces. There are two general methods for analyzing indeterminate structures, the force (flexibility) method and the displacement (stiffness) method. The force method is more suited to hand computation whereas the displacement method is more procedural and easily automated using a digital computer.
Experimental Study of a High Efficiency 1.5 MW, 110 GHz Gyrotron

Recently, an internal mode converter system has been installed in a 1.5 MAW, 110 GHz gyrotron at MIT. We achieved an output power of 1.5 MW, corresponding to an efficiency of 37% at a beam voltage of 96.6 kV and a beam current of 42 A. A gaussian output beam was measured and the beam waist was determined. The depressed collector has been also setup. With a depressed collector, the efficiency was 50% at an output power of 1.5 MW with a depressed voltage of 25 kV.
The Role of the Health Care Team in the Implementation of the National Kidney Foundation-Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative: A Case Study

The National Kidney Foundation-Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF-DOQI) provides an opportunity to review multidisciplinary practice in end-stage renal disease settings across the country. The role of the nephrology nurse, nephrology technician, renal dietitian, and nephrology social worker are reviewed through a case presentation referencing NKF-DOQI Guidelines. Each discipline provides an overview of its respective assessments and interventions focused on improving the patient's outcome.
Conservation of nitrogen in cattle feedlot waste with urease inhibitors

Feedlot cattle normally retain less than 20% of their dietary nitrogen intake. Sixty to 80% of the nitrogen excreted is normally lost through volatilization of ammonia, which is primarily generated from urea. This loss of ammonia nitrogen pollutes the environment and creates an unfavorable ratio of nitrogen to phosphorous (N:P) in the waste for crop growth. Two urease inhibitors, cyclohexylphosphoric triamide (CHPT) and N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) were evaluated for their ability to reduce the rate of urea hydrolysis in beef cattle feedlot pens. Initially, a total of six pens were used, two pens per treatment, with approximately 70 cattle per pen, and a single topical application of CHPT or NBPT at 20 mg/kg of manure. Essentially no urea was found in untreated pens. However, with CHPT treatment, 2 g of urea/kg of dry manure accumulated by d 4, and all gradually disappeared by d 11; NBPT conserved 3 and 3.5 g of urea/kg by d 4 and 9, respectively, and it had disappeared by d 14 (treatment [trt] x day, P = .003). A second study involved application of NBPT weekly for 6 wk. This caused urea to accumulate to a peak concentration of 17 g/kg of manure by d 30 (trt x day2, P = .001). Once the treatment was stopped the urea concentration began to decrease. When the NBPT was applied weekly, the concentration of ammonia in the waste was less for the treated pens (trt x day, P = .01), the total nitrogen was greater (trt x day, P = .04), pH tended to be lower (trt x day, P = .10), and the total volatile acids were not different (trt x day, P = .51) from untreated pens. We concluded that urease inhibitors could be used to control ammonia emissions from animal wastes, prevent environmental damage, and produce a more balanced (N:P) fertilizer from manure.
Physical and engineering constraints for tokamak reactors with helical coils

The authors present an analytical and numerical analysis of a tokamak reactor with a set of helical coils added in order to eliminate plasma disruptions. The optimal helical configuration was found to be a set of continuous, l = 2 stellarator coils which are made of copper and are internal to the toroidal field coils, l being the number of poloidal field periods. (The optimization process did not include evaluation of the viability of a modular stellarator reactor). Scaling laws were developed for this optimal configuration, and a series of parametric scans are performed with varying assumptions for the forces on the helical coils and the ratio of helical coil transform to plasma transform (M). The option space available for attractive reactor designs is strongly constrained and involves large forces on the helical coils, low q plasma operation (q being the plasma safety factor), and moderately low M (3 to 5). Numerical calculations showed that M must be > 3 in order to obtain well defined flux surfaces. This is in agreement with results from the JIPP-T-II Tokomak.
The management of highly migratory species

Under the emerging law of the sea the sovereignty of coastal states over resources of the sea will be extended to 200 miles. By virtue of their migratory nature certain fish cannot be managed effectively by coastal states alone. It is essential that such species be managed over their entire range. To formulate effective management the special rights of coastal states must be recognized, but at the same time access to all fishing grounds must be established. The most efficient way to accomplish this is through broad international agreements.
Role of BRCA gene dysfunction in breast and ovarian cancer predisposition

Tumor suppressor genes that perform apparently generic cellular functions nonetheless cause tissue-specific syndromes in the human population when they are mutated in the germline. The two major hereditary breast/ovarian cancer predisposition genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, appear to participate in a common pathway that is involved in the control of homologous recombination and in the maintenance of genomic integrity. How might such functions translate into the specific suppression of cancers of the breast and ovarian epithelia? Recent advances in the study of BRCA1 and BRCA2, discussed herein, have provided new opportunities to address this question.
Similar but Different: The Beliefs of Foreign Language Teachers

Using data from a large-scale, mixed-method study involving 222 K–12 foreign language (L2) teachers and their supervisors (see Kissau, Yon, & Algozzine, 2011), in this article the researchers explore differences in beliefs across four demographic groups: experienced and inexperienced teachers, teachers with L2 teacher training and those without, teachers of different foreign languages, and immersion and traditional L2 teachers. While survey responses were similar in each of the comparisons, interview data emphasized that members of each group faced unique challenges that influenced their beliefs and classroom practices. The results speak to the need to tailor training to meet the needs of different groups of L2 teachers and for contextual factors to be incorporated into future research related to teacher beliefs.
Uniform Lipschitz constants in Chebyshev polynomial approximation

Let M denote an n-dimensional Haar subspace of C[a,b]. In Chebyshev approximation, any f∈C[a,b] has a strongly unique best approximation B(f) from M, i.e. there exists a number γ>0 such that ∥f−m∥≥∥f−B(f)∥+γ∥B(f)−m∥ for all m∈M, where γ is taken to be the largest such number. Here γ=γ(f, M,n). There have been many results on the existence of uniform strong unicity constants which are independent of n, f, or M; we are here concerned with uniformity with respect to f
The role of secondary resonances in the orbital history of Miranda

A simple 'perturbed pendulum' model is developed in order to ascertain the origin and dynamics of the secondary resonances in the tidal evolution of Miranda and Umbriel through the 1:3 mean motion commensurability. Long-term evolution is addressed on the basis of the computation-accelerating method of algebraic mappings. It is found that the present 4.34-deg value of Miranda's orbital inclination is probably a result of capture into the primary resonance, as well as subsequent capture into the 3/1 secondary resonance. The damping of an eccentricity as high as 0.035 by tidal dissipation in the satellite may account for the surface features of Miranda.
Effects of Repeated Retention Tests on Learning a Single Timing Task

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possibility that administering an initial retention test would influence any subsequent retention tests administered to the same participants. Participants performed 40 practice trials of a four-segment key-pressing task with a movement time goal of 925 ms. Participants were then administered either two retention tests (Day 1-Day 1 group, 10 min and 20 min after practice; Day 1-Day 2 group, 10 min and 24 hr after practice; Day 2-Day 2 group, 23 hr 50 min and 24 hr after practice) or one retention test (Day 1-Control group, 20 min after practice; Day 2-Control group, 24 hr after practice). The first test had a deleterious effect on performing the second test for the Day 2-Day 2 group, which would be expected if the task representation was updated and re-encoded at the time of recall using diminished information. This finding suggests that researchers should be cautious about using repeated retention tests that are administered 1 day after pra...
Distress and attitudes toward the learning environment: Effects of a curriculum innovation

The emergence of innovative curricula provides unique opportunities to examine how a modification in the learning environment might influence stress and attitudes among students in medicine. In 1979, the University of New Mexico School of Medicine implemented a problem‐based, community‐oriented, student‐centered curriculum that runs concurrently with the larger traditional track. This longitudinal investigation compares the perceptions of distress and attitudes toward the learning environment of students in these two tracks. The Symptom Questionnaire and the Learning Environment Questionnaire were used to measure distress levels and attitudes toward the learning environment. Students completed these instruments at orientation (first semester) and during the second, third, and fourth semesters of the first 2 years of medical school. The innovative‐track students’ perceptions of distress were significantly lower during the first 2 years of medical school than those of the traditional‐track students. Their e...
Optical characterization of light-emitting porous silicon

We report the results of an extensive optical characterization of the properties light-emitting porous silicon (LEPSi), using optical techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, cw photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved PL spectroscopy. Additional insight is obtained from several nonoptical techniques, such as optical and electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and various surface physics tools. We examine how to control the surface passivation of LEPSi and what the consequence for light emission are. Samples with widely different surface chemistry have been prepared by controlling the electrochemical processes during anodization or by selected post-anodization treatments such as low- and high- temperature oxidation. In particular, we discuss the relationship between the presence of Si-H, Si-O-H, and Si-O bonds, and the relative strengths of the red PL line have a microsecond(s) ec decay time and the blue PL having a Nsec decay time. These results are compared to the predictions of the leading models that have been proposed to explain the efficient room-temperature luminescence of porous silicon.
Characterization of treponemes isolated from human and non-human primate periodontal pockets.

Treponemes were isolated from ligature induced periodontal pockets of non-human primates, and from humans with periodontitis. Approximately 39% of the microscopic count were spirochetes from humans, while 65% of the microscopic microbiota was accounted for by spirochetes from non-human primates. Metabolically, the human treponemal isolates grew on trypticase-yeast extract based media while the non-human primate isolates grew only on pectin, glucuronic or galacturonic acids. The end-products of glucose fermentation by the human treponemes were acetate and propionate, while acetate was produced by the non-human primate treponemes from pectin. All of the human isolates were indole positive, hemolyzed blood, required serum for growth, but did not require thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). The non-human primate treponemes were indole negative, were inhibited in their growth by blood, grew in the absence of serum, and required TPP for growth. PAGE analysis of whole cell proteins revealed three categories of treponemal isolates: (i) human isolates similar to Treponema denticola; (ii) human isolates of small size; and (iii) non-human primate isolates similar to the pectinolytic treponemes. Serologically, the human treponemal isolates were similar to T. denticola, while the non-human primate isolates were similar to the pectinolytic treponemes. Four human, 4 non-human primate, and 4 reference treponemes exhibited a Mol% G + C of their DNA of 40.0-43.1. The metabolic differences between the human and non-human primate treponemal isolates may be a reflection of ecological differences in the periodontium of the pathological entities which exist in human and non-human primates.
New vistas in image and video quality assessment

In this Keynote Address paper, we review early work on Image and Video Quality Assessment against the backdrop of an interpretation of image perception as a visual communication problem. As a way of explaining our recent work on Video Quality Assessment, we first describe our recent successful advances on QA algorithms for still images, specifically, the Structural SIMilarity (SSIM) Index and the Visual Information Fidelity (VIF) Index. We then describe our efforts towards extending these Image Quality Assessment frameworks to the much more complex problem of Video Quality Assessment. We also discuss our current efforts towards the design and construction of a generic and publicly-available Video Quality Assessment database.
Alpha-Emitting Isomeric State of Tb 149

Bombardment of La/sup 139/ targets with 80- to 140-Mev O/sup 16/ ions resulted in the identification of a new alpha activity decaying with a half-life of 4.3 plus or minus 0.2 min and an alpha energy of 3.99 plus or minus 0.03 Mev. The activity was due to an isomeric state of Tb/sup 149/. lt was proposed that the isomerism was caused by the filling of an h/sub 11/2, proton state for the spherical Tb isotopes. (auth)
A commitment-based communication model for distributed office environments

In an office environment where agents cooperate to accomplish a certain tasks, the agents perform their tasks based on certain plans. To ensure the integrity of their teamwork, agents communicate with one another to coordinate their plans. Meanwhile, tasks are distributed to other agents via this communication process. This report describes a commitment-based communication model for autonomous agents to synchronize and track their activities in office environments. The communication model includes a communication process, a set of protocols to bind commitments, a set of communication operators and a set of commitment tracking operators.
The Angular Distribution of Protons from the D—D Reaction at 10 Mev

The gas-filled scattering chamber has been applied to the study of the distribution in angle of the protons from the D---D reaction with 9.94\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08-Mev deuterons from the cyclotron. Photographic plates were used as detectors. The other charged particles produced in the reaction and from scattering processes were prevented from reaching the emulsion by covering the photographic plates with a 53.2-mg/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ aluminum foil. Differential cross sections were determined at 10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} intervals from 15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 65\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} in the laboratory system. Background runs were made to determine the correction necessary because of the flux of neutrons in the chamber. Additional corrections were made for the penetration of the protons through the edges of the defining slit and for geometrical errors. The total cross section for the production of protons was calculated to be ${7.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}10}^{\ensuremath{-}26}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$.
Microdiffraction and stem of interfaces

Abstract The techniques which have been developed for using very fine electron beams for the study of solid-vacuum interfaces may be applied to solid-solid interfaces with some restrictions. The nanodiffraction patterns obtained with the electron beam parallel to the interface may show the refraction effects and the extra spots due to surface channelling, and corresponding effects may be expected in high resolution images. The contributions of interface energy states to EELS spectra will be more difficult to detect. The images of features of interfaces not parallel to the incident beam which are most directly interpretable should be the dark-field STEM images obtained by detecting all the diffuse scattering outside of the main spots of the microdiffraction pattern. To a reasonable approximation the image intensities should be given by the convolution of the intensity distribution of the beam incident at the feature and the scattering power of the feature itself.
Reproductive ecology of Carya (Juglandaceae): phenology, pollination, and breeding system of two sympatric tree species

Observations and experiments on both shagbark (Carya ovata; 2n = 32) and mockernut (C. tomentosa; 2n = 64) hickories in a New Jersey forest were performed over a 2-year period to determine the mechanisms operating both to maintain reproductive fidelity and to regulate fruit initiation. Phenological observations indicated significant differences between the species for almost all vegetative and reproductive characters examined; however, a large amount of overlap was also observed. Pollination experiments indicated that pollen limitation is not a significant factor in reducing fruit set in these anemophilous species. Pollen-ovule ratios ranged from 1 to 25 × 106 . Pollen was 80-90% viable at time of shedding. The large surface area of vegetative structures (e.g., leaves) at the time of pollination may retard the flow of pollen into and out of the canopy and thus increase self-pollination. A full diallel cross, replicated 5 times, was made among 8 trees (4 trees of each species) to characterize combining ability and compatibility relationships. All trees were found to be both geitonogamous and xenogamous to varying degrees. A high frequency of putative interploidal cross-compatibility was also observed. Fruits from these interspecific crosses were found to be germinable. Observations on individual trees suggested that dichogamy may help to reduce selfing and promote outcrossing in this breeding system. While most trees exhibited a temporal separation of genders, the trait was found to be quite plastic (i.e., trees switched between protogyny and protandry between years). Pistillate flowers were receptive for all trees within a species during the same general time period; however, pollen shedding varied considerably among trees and between years. Both species appear to be utilizing a broad array of mechanisms in order to maintain reproductive fidelity and adequate fruit set.