cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Haemodynamics, dyspnoea, and pulmonary reserve in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Aims Increases in left ventricular filling pressure are a fundamental haemodynamic abnormality in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, very little is known regarding how elevated filling pressures cause pulmonary abnormalities or symptoms of dyspnoea. We sought to determine the relationships between simultaneously measured central haemodynamics, symptoms, and lung ventilatory and gas exchange abnormalities during exercise in HFpEF. Methods and results Subjects with invasively-proven HFpEF (n = 50) and non-cardiac causes of dyspnoea (controls, n = 24) underwent cardiac catheterization at rest and during exercise with simultaneous expired gas analysis. During submaximal (20 W) exercise, subjects with HFpEF displayed higher pulmonary capillary wedge pressures (PCWP) and pulmonary artery pressures, higher Borg perceived dyspnoea scores, and increased ventilatory drive and respiratory rate. At peak exercise, ventilation reserve was reduced in HFpEF compared with controls, with greater dead space ventilation (higher VD/VT). Increasing exercise PCWP was directly correlated with higher perceived dyspnoea scores, lower peak exercise capacity, greater ventilatory drive, worse New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, and impaired pulmonary ventilation reserve. Conclusion This study provides the first evidence linking altered exercise haemodynamics to pulmonary abnormalities and symptoms of dyspnoea in patients with HFpEF. Further study is required to identify the mechanisms by which haemodynamic derangements affect lung function and symptoms and to test novel therapies targeting exercise haemodynamics in HFpEF.
Rebooting computational algorithmic research as a strategic innovation enabler (Conference Presentation)

Information technology has transformed our world as an innovation enabler in our daily lives on how we interact with the world and people around us. One of the key driver for this innovation is the exponential growth of computational capability – over the last seventy years starting from ENIAC and then followed with Moore’s law exponent growth. Along with exponential growth of computer hardware, algorithms and methods have also progressed to solve complex science and technology applications that can take advantage of evolving generation of computer hardware. One can easily argue that mathematical algorithms from interdisciplinary sciences played significant role as key enablers for information sciences and information technology revolution. In this talk, we will review key mathematical algorithmic research that played key role over the last 70 years in our evolving computing hardware era - ENIAC, digital computing, vector computing, massively parallel computing, cloud computing, multi-core computing, and mobile computing. Next, we will discuss algorithmic research challenges for future computing hardware that is envisioned to be heterogeneous or hybrid computing consisting of vector computing processors, multi-core computing processors, neuromorphic computing processors, mobile tactical cloudlets, and quantum computing processors with software based intelligent networking as backbone.
Have Recent Studies Rendered Environmental Externality Valuation Irrelevant

Three recent major studies of electric utility environmental externalities, one for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE Study), a second, combined in some respects with the DOE Study, by the European Community (EC Study), and the third for New York State (NY Study), all find that the externalities measurable through damage cost valuation of damages to society from electric utility operations are a fraction of a cent per kilowatt-hour. This paper concludes that these studies fail to value such a significant proportion of externalities, and so undervalue the externalities for which values are calculated, as to render the values adopted irrelevant to any policy formulation or resource selection decisions. If externalities are not more fully valued, then it is posited that environmental decision making throughout the world is likely to be distorted, with possible serious consequences to public health and the environment.
SEPIA: a resource-bounded adaptive agent

Abstract This extended abstract presents a new architecture, called SEPIA, for planning, learning, and executing effective behavior in a dynamic environment. It combines a reactive executive with a classical planner based on a formalism for generating and reasoning about approximate plans, and incorporates multiple speedup learning techniques in order to improve its performance with experience.
Stress and selective attention: The impact of a stressful challenge on mood, cortisol, and the processing of emotional information.

The studies presented in this thesis were designed to examine the unfolding of events when an individual is faced with a stressful challenge, by monitoring subjective mood, attention to emotional stimuli, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) response to stress. It was hypothesized that participants would selectively attend to negative words (study 1) and pictures (study 2) following an aversive stressful experience, and that the attentional response to stress would mediate mood and HPA reactivity. Stress induction was achieved by means of a competitive Stroop task with monetary rewards where participants either repeatedly lost (negative stressor) or won (positive stressor) against a confederate. Participants then performed a spatial cueing task assessing attentional shifts towards and away from emotional and neutral stimuli. The results of these studies can be summarized by three major findings. Contrary to predictions, participants selectively avoided negatively-valenced pictures and words. This attentional avoidance response was associated with effective emotional and HPA regulation, suggesting that avoidance in this context may be adaptive as a coping response to stress. Second, stress-induced changes in processing efficiency or alertness, resulting in a wide-scope and flexible attentional style, were also observed, and this too may facilitate adaptive coping. Finally, participants with mild symptoms of depression and anxiety exhibited different patterns of response to stress than euthymic subjects, several characteristics of which may indicate a vulnerability to psychopathology. In effect, the results of these studies provide a possible model of how healthy participants cope with mild stress, and point to an attentional mechanism of emotion regulation that facilitates the maintenance of goal-directed behaviour.
Genetic analyses of Astragalus sect. Humillimi (Fabaceae) resolve taxonomy and enable effective conservation.

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Astragalus sect. Humillimi is distributed across the southwestern United States and contains two endangered taxa, A. cremnophylax var. cremnophylax and A. humillimus. The former was originally described from the South Rim of the Grand Canyon. Analysis of individuals discovered on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon yielded some evidence that the population represented a distinct species. To enable effective conservation, we clarify the group's taxonomy and characterize the genetic diversity of A. cremnophylax and A. humillimus. METHODS We used AFLPs to genotype most species in sect. Humillimi, focusing on the two endangered forms. We examined patterns of genetic diversity using complementary analytical approaches. KEY RESULTS Our results demonstrate that North Rim populations group with A. c. var. cremnophylax. We found low levels of genetic diversity at certain localities and strong differentiation among populations. Astragalus humillimus, which has suffered recent and severe population declines, exhibits weak differentiation among and low diversity within populations. CONCLUSIONS Our results clarify the taxonomy of sect. Humillimi and define the boundaries of A. c. var. cremnophylax, which is shown to inhabit both rims of the Grand Canyon. This clarification, and detailed analysis of genetic variation within both endangered taxa, may advance ongoing efforts to conserve these taxa. Our results suggest that range-wide genetic analysis of A. humillimus may inform recovery strategies for this taxon.
Creative expertise is associated with transcending the here and now.

Human imagination is bounded. As situations become more distant in time, place, perspective, and likelihood, they also become more difficult to simulate. What underlies the ability to successfully engage in distal simulations? Here we examine the psychological and neural mechanisms underlying distal simulation by studying individuals known for transcending these limits: creative experts. First, 2 behavioral studies establish that creative experts indeed succeed at engaging in vivid distal simulations, compared to less creative individuals. Performance on a traditional measure of creativity (Study 1) and real-world success in creative pursuits (Study 2) corresponded with more vivid distal simulations across temporal, spatial, social, and hypothetical domains. Study 3 used neuroimaging to identify the neural mechanism supporting creative experts’ simulation success. Whereas creative experts and controls recruit the same neural mechanism (the medial prefrontal cortex) while simulating common or proximal events, creative experts preferentially engage a distinct neural mechanism (the dorsomedial subsystem of the default network) while simulating distal events. Moreover, creative experts showed greater functional connectivity within this network at rest, suggesting they may be prepared to engage this mechanism, by default. Studying creative expertise provides new insight into the ability to mentally transcend the here and now. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Structures and Properties of Oxygen-Substituted Li10SiP2S12–xOx Solid-State Electrolytes

Li10SiP2S12 (LSiPS), which has an Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS)-type crystalline structure, was synthesized by solid-state reaction and then doped with oxygen to produce oxy-sulfide compositions of the genera...
La libertad religiosa en España. ¿Hacia un nuevo modelo normativo?

On the occasion of a possible new law about religious freedom, this editorial board, from the position the State takes to the religion, does some research on the issue of religious freedom into different Western countries. Then, the regulation of religious freedom is described in Spain, after a reference to the declaration of Vatican II on Religious Freedom. Also, the 1980 Organic Law of Religious Freedom is presented according to the principles of the 1978 Constitution. Later, it analyses the changes of the last thirty years, and then it describes some social facts and their connection to religious freedom, along with the challenges posed by the growth of Muslim worshippers in Spain. The editorial board finishes with some guidelines to make more full the fundamental right of religious freedom for all citizens, from the perspective of a “comprehensive secularism”. Our review of the right to religious freedom in Spain is positive, creative and open. We think that from our Spanish constitutional conception of secularism, our idea of “comprehensive secularism” can be developed. The personalist tradition integral humanism inspires our thinking to a humanistic and supportive of religious freedom.
Lamb Wave Resonator Loaded Non-reciprocal RF Devices

In this paper we explore parametric amplification on the Lamb wave acoustic platform for the purpose of developing nonlinear and non-reciprocal devices. The strength of the acoustic wave platform over the electromagnetic platform is its low loss and short wavelength at radio frequency which enables devices with a small footprint and high quality factor. Compared to surface acoustic waves, Lamb waves exhibit much higher phase velocity which support higher frequency operation with fabrication tolerance. To realize parametric amplification, the intrinsic nonlinear stiffness of aluminum nitride is used to couple acoustic waves at different frequencies. Novel Lamb wave resonator structures and non-reciprocal devices implementation have been proven in theory and simulation. Experiment of Lamb wave transducers demonstrates parametric effects and proves nonlinearity in AlN thin films.
The influence of stimulus duration on olfactory identity

Abstract Duration of a stimulus plays an important role in coding of sensory information. The role of stimulus duration is extensively studied in tactile, visual and auditory system. In the olfactory system, how the stimulus duration influences the identity of an olfactory information is not well understood. To test this, we activated the olfactory bulbs with blue light in mice expressing channelrhodopsin and behaviorally assessed the relevance of stimulus duration on olfactory identity. Our behavior data demonstrate that stimulus duration changes the olfactory information and the associated behavior.
From Ethnic Enclaves to Transnational Landscapes: A Review of Immigrant Entrepreneurship Research

From Ethnic Enclaves to Transnational Landscapes: A Review of Immigrant Entrepreneurship Research
Reinventing the utility for distributed energy resources: A proposal for retail electricity markets

Abstract In this paper we propose a distribution-level retail electricity market operated by a Distribution System Operator (DSO), to permit participation for small-scale distributed energy resources (DERs) in a real-time energy market. The retail market is built upon a distributed Proximal Atomic Coordination algorithm, which solves the optimal power flow using the convex nonlinear Branch Flow model, rendering spatially and temporally varying distribution-level Locational Marginal Prices. A numerical study of the market structure is carried out via simulations of the IEEE-123 node network using data from ISO-NE and Eversource in Massachusetts, US. The market performance is compared to existing retail practices, including demand response with no-export rules and net metering. Results show the DSO-centric market increases DER utilization, resulting in lower electricity rates for customers, from $0.114/kWh to $0.0291/kWh. Further, we discuss the policy implications of such a market, including DER participation models at the wholesale level in light of FERC Order 2222, and the evolving business model of the modern utility which is moving from commoditized markets towards performance-based ratemaking.
Understanding the effect of geology-related delays on performance of hard rock TBMs

Underground construction has become a necessity considering social, technological, economical, and sustainable advancements in society. Tunnel boring machines (TBMs) can be considered as an efficient method of tunneling because of its high productivity and applicability in a variety of subsurface conditions. The performance of a rock TBM is assessed by its advance rate that is a function of penetration rate and utilization factor. While there are various existing models that can reasonably predict the penetration rate, only few models have the capability to estimate the utilization, and the accuracy of models predicting the utilization is highly dependent on the incorporation of complexities involved in different tunneling activities. The geology-related delays include those incurred for ground stabilization, including installation of rock bolt, wiremesh, strap, or channel, placing of ribs and lagging, gripping process, control of water inflow, cutter change and inspection, probe drilling, scaling, muck removal, and foam or grout injection for ground stabilization. This study aims at determining the most critical ground support activities affecting the TBM performance using discrete event simulation. For this purpose, six projects that utilized open TBMs were analyzed. Comparing the individual ground support measure installations, steel ribs showed the maximum downtime of 7% compared to water inflow at 4.8% and cutter change at 2%. The results show that geology-related delays indeed contribute significantly to the variations in utilization factor.
Climate change and zoonoses: A review of the current status, knowledge gaps, and future trends.

Abstract Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), especially those with zoonotic potential, are a growing threat to global health, economy, and safety. The influence of global warming and geoclimatic variations on zoonotic disease epidemiology is evident by alterations in the host, vector, and pathogen dynamics and their interactions. The objective of this article is to review the current literature on the observed impacts of climate change on zoonoses and discuss future trends. We evaluated several climate models to assess the projections of various zoonoses driven by the predicted climate variations. Many climate projections revealed potential geographical expansion and the severity of vector-borne, waterborne, foodborne, rodent-borne, and airborne zoonoses. However, there are still some knowledge gaps, and further research needs to be conducted to fully understand the magnitude and consequences of some of these changes. Certainly, by understanding the impact of climate change on zoonosis emergence and distribution, we could better plan for climate mitigation and climate adaptation strategies.
Abstract 11556: Association of Sleep Disordered Breathing and ECG R-Wave to Radial Artery Pulse Delay: The MESA Study

Background: Arterial stiffness is a well-recognized predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). ECG R-wave to Radial artery pulse delay (RRD) is a novel hemodynamic index in which arterial stiffness is an important component (shorter delay = Higher arterial stiffness) and is obtainable from a single tonometric measurement at the radial artery with simultaneous ECG. Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) has emerged as a risk factor for CVD. The aim of the study was to determine the association of SDB with RRD. Methods: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants in 2010-2012 without overt CVD who underwent a sleep study, radial artery tonometry and cardiac MRI were eligible for this cross-sectional analysis (N = 1173, Mean [SD] age: 67.8 ± 8.8, Women: 55.4%). Independent associations between SDB indices including apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and oxygen (O2) desaturation index (ODI: events with more than 4% O2 desaturation), and RRD (transit time in msec) were examined. Model was constructed to adjust for isovolumetric contraction time, another component of RRD, by including measures of contractility and preload (left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV) respectively). Results: Median [IQR] of AHI and ODI were 7.9/hr [2.9- 18.0] and 7.5/hr [3.0- 17.5] respectively. Adjusting for transit path length, demographic factors, BMI and CVD risk factors, both AHI and ODI were inversely associated with RRD (β= -50.3 msec per SD, p = 0.09 and β= -0.60.2 msec per SD, p = 0.04 respectively). In gender stratified analyses given presence of significant interaction, measures of SDB were predictive of RRD only in men. No significant associations were found with key nocturnal hypoxemia indices including mean O2 saturation (SpO2), percent time with SpO2less than 90 % and minimum SpO2. Men, older age, Asian race, high blood pressure, LVEF and LVEDV were also inversely associated with RRD. Conclusion: SDB was associated with shorter RRD implying higher arterial stiffness in men only. These findings suggest the importance of apnea related dynamic change in SpO2 (intermittent hypoxia and reoxygenation) in its potential link to arterial stiffness and also highlights effect modification by gender in the association between the two.
SU-E-J-269: Tracking of Tumor Regression for Stage III Lung Cancer Using CBCT

Purpose: This study is to evaluate the tumor regression over the course of EBRT treatment and to determine the difference of tumor reduction for stage III lung squamous cell cancer (SCC) and adenocarcinoma using CBCT. Methods: Twenty three stage III lung cancer patients treated in our clinic who had daily cone beam CT (CBCT) were selected for this study (16 adenocarcinoma and 7 SCC cases). Patients received prescription dose in the range of 50Gy–71.4Gy (mean =60.3Gy, median =50Gy) at 1.8Gy or 2Gy per fraction. Treatments spanned over a minimum of five weeks. Initial mean volume of the gross tumor volume (GTV) was 123cc (range = 14.7cc–353.3cc). For this study, we choose six sets of CBCTs at an interval of one week, starting from the first fraction of treatment. Daily CBCTs from treatment linac computer were transferred to MIM Software version 6.0. An experienced physician contoured the primary GTV on each slices of the CBCT for these patients. Results: A consistent regression of the GTVs was observed in all patients, except in one patient (adeno case) where GTV did not change. Weekly volumetric reduction was in the range of 11.2%–16.6%. Maximum reductions were noticed in the first two weeks of the treatment cycle; mean overall (for adeno+SCC) reductions were 16.6%, 14.2% in week-1 and week-2, respectively. Mean reduction over five weeks of treatment was 49.8% (range = 0.1%–75.5%). Higher reduction was observed in SCC patients as compare to adenocarcinoma cases (54.9% vs. 47.6%); however, the difference was not statistically significant (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion: Large regression of tumors over the course of EBRT for stage III lung cancer patients was observed. Both SCC and adenocarcinoma responded well; overall reduction for SCC cases was higher. A future study is warranted for determining the co-relation between tumor volume reduction and treatment outcome.
An Evaluation of the Guterman Pregnancy Test

Summary 1. The Guterman test for pregnancy was found positive in a large per,,entage of normal nonpregnant women during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. 2. In one case of an apparently normal pregnancy of seven weeks' duration, a negative Guterman test was obtained. 3. A positive Guterman test may be obtained when large amounts of 17-ketosteroids are present in the urine, as in arrhenoblastoma. 4. In the presence of amenorrhea the Guterman test may be positive on the basis of a functioning corpus luteum without pregnancy.
Studies on the conformation of secretin: The position of the helical stretch

Abstract An analog of the C-terminal tricosapeptide of secretin, with aspartic acid replacing glutamic acid in position 9 and lysine substituted for arginine in position 21, was prepared. The synthesis was carried out in solution by stepwise chain lengthening with the application of the in situ technique. The ord-cd spectra of this new analog closely resemble the spectra of the tricosapeptide with the unaltered secretin sequence and of the analog in which only arginine-21 was replaced by lysine and of secretin itself. The incorporation of aspartic acid instead of glutamic acid-9 resulted in an N-terminal sequence that has a considerably reduced probability of assuming a helical conformation. The observation that the helix content remained unchanged adds support to a model of secretin in which the helical stretch is near the C-terminus. The role of an acidic residue in position 9 is also discussed.
Erratum to “Orthogonal calculus”

Notation. ,f is the category of finite dimensional real vector spaces with a positive definite inner product. Morphisms in .1 are the linear maps respecting the inner product. g is the category of continuous functors from .1 to spaces. (The spaces in question are assumed to be compactly generated Hausdorff, homotopy equivalent to CW-spaces). A morphism E > F (natural transformation) in g is an equivalence if E(V) > F(V) is a homotopy equivalence for each V in ,f. An object E in g is polynomial of degree < n if, for each V in .1, the canonical map
Superconductivity and the high-field ordered phase in the heavy-fermion compound PrOs4Sb12

Superconductivity is observed in the filled skutterudite compound PrOs4Sb12 below a critical temperature Tc = 1.85 K and appears to develop out of a nonmagnetic heavy Fermi liquid with an effective mass m ≈ 50 m e, where me is the free electron mass. Features associated with a cubic crystalline electric field are present in magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, electrical resistivity, and inelastic neutron scattering measurements, yielding a Pr3+ energy level scheme consisting of a Γ3 nonmagnetic doublet ground state, a low-lying Γ5 triplet excited state at ~10 K, and Γ4 triplet and Γ1 singlet excited states at much higher temperatures. Measurements also indicate that the superconducting state is unconventional and consists of two distinct superconducting phases. At high fields and low temperatures, an ordered phase of magnetic or quadrupolar origin is observed, suggesting that the superconductivity may occur in the vicinity of a magnetic or quadrupolar quantum critical point.
The Euler Equation and¶Absolute Minimizers of L∞ Functionals

The Aronsson-Euler equation for the functional on W g 1, ∞(Ω, ℝ m , i.e., W 1, ∞ with boundary data g, is This equation has been derived for smooth absolute minimizers, i.e., a function which minimizes F on every subdomain. We prove in this paper that for m=1, n≧ 1, or n=1, m≧ 1 an absolute minimizer of F exists in W g 1, ∞(Ω, ℝ m and for m= 1, n≧ 1 any absolute minimizer of F must be a viscosity solution of the Aronsson-Euler equation.
Steering a mobile robot in real time

Using computer vision for mobile robot navigation has been of interest since the 1960s. This interest is evident in even the earliest robot projects: at SRI International (`Shakey') and at the Stanford University (`Stanford Cart'). These pioneering projects provided a foundation for late work but fell far short of providing real time solutions. Since the mid 1980s, the ARPA sponsored ALV and UGV projects have established a need for real time navigation. To achieve the necessary speed, some researchers have focused on building faster hardware; others have turned to the use of new computational architectures, such as neural nets. The work described in this paper uses another approach that has become known as `perceptual servoing.' Previously reported results show that perceptual servoing is both fast and accurate when used to steer vehicles equipped with precise odometers. When the instrumentation on the vehicle does not give precise measurements of distance traveled, as could be the case for a vehicle traveling on ice or mud, new techniques are required to accommodate the reduced ability to make accurate predictions about motion and control. This paper presents a method that computes estimates of distance traveled using landmarks and path information. The new method continues to perform in real time using modest computational facilities, and results demonstrate the effects of the new implementation on steering accuracy.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Surface morphology of 6H-SiC after thermal diffusion

Diffusion of aluminum into 6H-SiC has been carried out in the temperature range of 1800-2100°C. Aluminum carbide (Al4C3) was used for a p-type impurity source; the diffused surface exhibited good stoichiometry and surface morphology. A thin-layer graphite film was developed to protect the wafer surface from deterioration during the high-temperature diffusion process. A high-resolution optical microscope (HROM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed to evaluate the surface morphology of the diffused samples. The protective graphite layer significantly decreased the surface roughness. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to identify the Si/C ratio near the surface regions. Very little surface graphitization occurred during diffusion. In addition, secondary ion-mass spectroscopy (SIMS) was used to investigate the influence of the thin graphite film on the diffusion properties in SiC. There were no significant differences in doping profiles in the samples with and without the graphite film.
Resonator modes and mode dynamics for an external cavity-coupled laser array

Employing a Fox-Li approach, we derived the cold-cavity mode structure and a coupled mode theory for a phased array of N single-transverse-mode active waveguides with feedback from an external cavity. We applied the analysis to a system with arbitrary laser lengths, external cavity design and coupling strengths to the external cavity. The entire system was treated as a single resonator. The effect of the external cavity was modeled by a set of boundary conditions expressed by an N-by-N frequency-dependent matrix relation between incident and reflected fields at the interface with the external cavity. The coupled mode theory can be adapted to various types of gain media and internal and external cavity designs.
Study of Superconducting Hg by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Techniques

Since nuclear magnetic resonance techniques can provide rather microscopic information about conduction electrons in metals, their application to the study of superconducting metals is of considerable interest. The difficulties associated with the failure of magnetic fields to penetrate inside superconductors can be overcome by the use of dense colloids consisting of particles mostly less than 500 A in diameter. The preparation and characteristics of such Hg colloids are described and some comments are made about the experimental equipment. Experiments show that the superconducting particles give rise to a resonance line with a Knight shift less than that of the line in the normal metal. Considerations affecting the analysis of the data are discussed at some length. Calculations are given for the resonance line shape due to a single spherical superconducting particle and also for that expected from a distribution of such particles of different sizes. A criterion is developed for determining the Knight shift from the observed superconducting line. Corrections for the microscopic broadening of the resonance line and for the bulk diamagnetism of the sample are derived. It is pointed out that the bulk magnetization curve of the superconducting colloid can also readily be measured by means of the nuclear resonance equipment. In measurements ranging from 750 to 2300 gauss the Knight shift ${K}_{s}$ in the superconductor at 1.20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K is found to be 1.6%, or about $\frac{2}{3}$ of its value in the normal metal. Experiments designed to elucidate the temperature dependence of the Knight shift ${K}_{s}$ are also discussed. Some general quasi-thermodynamic comments are made to relate the Knight shift to some properties of the electron interaction energy responsible for superconductivity. Remarks based on the two-fluid model lead to some speculative predictions concerning the temperature dependence of ${K}_{s}$ which seem to be in at least qualitative agreement with the temperature dependence suggested by experiment. The need and interest of some further experiments is pointed out.
Tracking a moving object with real‐time obstacle avoidance

Purpose – Aims to develop a robotic platform to autonomously track a moving objectDesign/methodology/approach – This robotic platform, based on a modular system known as SafeBot, uses two sensors: a visual CCD camera and a laser‐based range sensor. The rigidly mounted camera tracks an object in front of the platform and generates appropriate drive commands to keep the object in view, even if the object itself moves. The range sensor detects other objects as the platform moves to provide real‐time obstacle avoidance while continuously tracking the original object.Findings – The current approach successfully tracks an object, particularly a human subject, and avoids reasonably sized obstacles, but on‐board processing limitations restrict the speed of the object to approximately 5 km/h.Originality/value – The core technology – a moving object tracked by a mobile robot with real‐time obstacle avoidance – is an integrated system comprising object tracking on a mobile platform and real‐time obstacle avoidance w...
The phospholipid packing arrangement in small bilayer vesicles as revealed by proton magnetic resonance studies at 500 MHz.

Proton magnetic resonance spectra of saturated phospholipids in small unilamellar vesicles have been recorded at 500 MHz on a Bruker WM500 spectrometer. The additional spectral dispersion reveals new structure in the acyl chain resonances. At temperatures near the thermal phase transition, the chain methylene and methyl peaks are split, both showing a broad and a relatively sharp component. Magnetization transfer experiments together with studies in the presence of manganese ions inside or outside the vesicles indicate that the sharp component is to be assigned to the protons from the acyl chains in the inner half of the bilayer and the broad component to chains in the outer monolayer. These experiments demonstrate unambiguously that the extreme surface curvature intrinsic to small unilamellar vesicles induces a profound asymmetry in the packing arrangement of the hydrocarbon chains in the two leaflets of the bilayer and causes the two monolayers to exist in markedly different motional states.
Some metabolic characteristics of brown fat, with particular reference to the mitochondria.

Abstract 1. 1. Mitochondria from the axillary brown adipose tissue of euthermic hibernating and newly-aroused ground squirrels (Citellus tridecemlineatus) have been prepared and assayed for a number of enzyme systems. 2. 2. The sedimentation behavior of brown fat mitochondria is considerably different from that of liver mitochondria, although the equilibrium density, measured by isopycnic centrifugation, is the same for both. 3. 3. Although the respiratory capacity of brown fat mitochondria is very high, they lack the capacity (a) to esterify inorganic phosphate, (b) to accumulate calcium phosphate or (c) to undergo reversibility of swelling induced by thyroxin or glutathione. 4. 4. The intracellular distribution of various enzymes in brown fat is qualitatively similar to that seen in other tissues; although the mitochondria-linked enzymes are present to a significantly greater extent in brown fat than in liver, the concentrations of non-mitochondrial enzymes such as acid phosphatase, catalase and glucose-6-phosphatase are much lower. 5. 5. In general, enzymatic activities of brown fat were somewhat higher in the aroused, and lower in the hibernating ground squirrels, in comparison with the euthermic animals.
Optomotor responses by echolocating bats

Optomotor responses to moving stripes have been elicited from nine species of Microchiroptera. The minimum separable visual angle of two phyllostomids, under the experimental conditions, probably lies between 3.0 and 0.7 degrees; that of Myotis lucifugus, between 6.0 and 3.0 degrees. Four species indicate an ability to resolve stripes subtending 0.7 degree, the narrowest tested.
Photonic microharp chemical sensors

We describe a new class of micro-opto-mechanical chemical sensors: A photonic microharp chemical sensor is an array of closely spaced microbridges, each differing slightly in length and coated with a different sorbent polymer. They are optically interrogated using microcavity interferometry and photothermal actuation, and are coupled directly to an optical fiber. Simultaneous measurements of the fundamental flexural resonant frequency of each microbridge allow the real-time detection and discrimination of a variety of vapor-phase analytes, including DMMP at concentrations as low as 17 ppb.
Advanced heat exchanger development for molten salts

Abstract This study addresses present work concerned with advanced heat exchanger development for molten salt in nuclear and non-nuclear thermal systems. The molten salt systems discussed herein use alloys, such as Hastelloy N and 242, that show good corrosion resistance in molten salt at nominal operating temperatures up to 700 °C. These alloys were diffusion welded, and the corresponding information is presented. Test specimens were prepared for exposing diffusion welds to molten salt environments. Hastelloy N and 242 were found to be weldable by diffusion welding, with ultimate tensile strengths about 90% of base metal values. Both diffusion welds and sheet material in Hastelloy N were corrosion tested in 58 mol% KF and 42 mol% ZrF4 at 650, 700, and 850 °C for 200, 500, and 1000 h. Corrosion rates were similar between welded and nonwelded materials, typically
Rapid direct resolution of the stereoisomers of all-trans astaxanthin on a Pirkle covalent L-leucine column

Abstract Astaxanthin, 3,3′dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4′-dione, gives salmon flesh its distinctive color. Synthetic all- trans astaxanthin consists of a racemic mixture of two enantiomers (3 R ,3′ R and 3 S ,3′ S ) and a meso form (3 R ,3′ S ). The stereoisomeric composition of endogenous astaxanthin in wild salmon differs from that of synthetic astaxanthin added to the fish feed of pond-bred salmon. In order to determine the origin of astaxanthin in salmon flesh, a method is needed that can distinguish the various isomeric forms. HPLC conditions are described for the rapid direct resolution of the three stereoisomers of all- trans astaxanthin on a Pirkle covalent l -leucine column. This method also partially resolves the stereoisomeric forms of the major cis isomer.
Relationships Between Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, Popularity, and Social Judgments of Junior High School Students

This study examined the relationship between social self-concept and popularity for 93 male and female seventh, eighth, and ninth graders. It also assessed ability to make accurate social judgments and social self-esteem as a function of self-concept. The results revealed a moderate relationship (r = .29) between self-concept and popularity. No evidence was found to suggest that either self-esteem or ability to make accurate social judgments was related to accuracy of self-concept.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering from functionalized self-assembled monolayers

The enhancement factor for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is measured as a function of distance using a self-assembled monolayer as the spacer and a terminal phenyl group as the Raman label. The Raman label is covalently linked to the spacer layer by an amide bond. The measured enhancement factor decays approximately exponentially as a function of distance. The decay rate, expressed as the distance at which the enhancement factor decreases to half of its initial value, is about 0.35 nm. Analysis of the decay curve by two similar theories of electromagnetic enhancement shows that roughness dimensions on the order of 10 nm are responsible for the observed SERS signals under the 647.1 nm laser excitation.
Heritability of frontal brain function related to action monitoring

Monitoring the correspondence between the intended and actually executed action, a fundamental mechanism of behavioral regulation, is reflected by error-related negativity (ERN), an ERP component generated by the anterior cingulate cortex. This study examined genetic influences on the ERN and other components related to action monitoring (correct negativity, CRN, and error positivity, Pe). A flanker task was administered to adolescent twins (age 12) including 99 monozygotic (MZ) and 175 dizygotic (DZ) pairs. Genetic analysis showed substantial heritability of all three ERP components (40%-60%) and significant genetic correlations between them. This study provides the first evidence for heritable individual differences in the neural substrates of action monitoring and suggests that ERN, CRN, and Pe can potentially serve as endophenotypes for genetic studies of personality traits and psychopathology associated with abnormal regulation of behavior.
An examination of the principles of influence on condom use decision making during casual sex encounters.

Cialdini’s (1984) principles of influence were employed to inform the decision-making process with respect to using condoms during casual sex. In the current study, focus groups (n = 9) were conducted to understand the relationship between the six principles of influence (authority, consistency, liking, reciprocity, scarcity, and social proof) and condom use in casual sex relationships. Results revealed that authority, consistency, and social proof were endorsed often as influencing condom use. Gender differences in the endorsement of the principles were also observed. The results speak to how these principles of influence aide the condom decision-making process during these often spontaneous sexual encounters and are discussed with an emphasis on the theoretical and practical implications for using these principles in future health campaigns.
Gravitational and magnetic activation methods applied to cultured cells (LK 35.2).

Abstract Monoclonal antibody 10.2–16 is directed toward the mouse class II major histocompatibility complex gene product 1-A k expressed on the cell line LK35.2. Instead of activating cells by fluorophor we used (acrylamide-coated) heavy and magnetic microspheres of 0.6 μm in radius. These microspheres are chemically coupled (carbodiimide method) with the antibody toward the surface antigen. The cells are observed through a microscope with horizontal alignment, as they sediment in a (temperature controlled) tube with square cross-section. Stokes Law allows the determination of the density of cells (first alone)_ using viscosity and density of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's Medium together with the observed mean sedimentation velocity (66 μm/min) and a mean diameter of 10 μm. We found a density of 1.0558±0.0028 g/cm 3 at 10°C. Independently, thinly coated, heavy (and magnetizable) microspheres with the cited antibody are attached to cells and observed likewise. The increased sedimentation velocity permits us to show that the cells were fully covered with microspheres (290 per cell). A magnetic field gradient opposing gravity moved these cells against gravity with two different mean velocities, 340 μm/min and 850 μm/min. The higher velocity resulted in 290 particles per cell, the lower one in 130 particles per cell. The limits for the expansion of this method to smaller particle sizes (down to 10 nm) are evaluated.
Efficient spectral domain analysis of multilayered shielded microstrip using two super convergent series

An efficient approach to speed up the spectral domain analysis for the general case of shielded microstrip has been presented. It uses asymptotic expansion for the Bessel's function and the Green's function which are involved in the computation of the elements of the Galerkin matrix. The coefficients in the asymptotic expansion of the Green's functions are obtained by a combination of analytical and numerical approaches. Efficient computation of the infinite summation obtained after leading term extraction is done using two different super convergent sine cosine series. Very accurate results for the propagation constants in the general case of a multilayered shielded microstrip line can be obtained using a few basis functions.
Comparison of thermal and optical electron-transfer barriers in ruthenium redox polyether melts

Combining redox active moieties with polyether oligomers produces amorphous, highly viscous, room-temperature molten materials notable for their high concentrations of redox sites that in mixed val...
Inhibition and activation of bovine heart NAD-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase by ATP.

Abstract In the absence of added calcium, inhibition of NAD-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase by ATP occurred without ADP ( I 0.5 = 1.8 mM) and with 0.2 m m ADP 3− ( I 0.5 = 1.0 mM) at subsaturating substrate concentrations at pH 7.4. Inhibition by ATP was competitive with NAD + in the presence and absence of ADP and was not reversed by magnesium citrate. No reversal of ATP inhibition by free Ca 2+ was observed in the presence of ADP (0.2 m m ). However, when ADP was absent, increasing Ca 2+ first caused progressive reversal of ATP inhibition followed by activation by ATP. Without ADP, the S 0.5 for calcium activation was 80–140 μ m at ATP concentrations between 0.6 and 3.0 m m . The S 0.5 for ATP activation, in the absence of ADP, was 1.1 and 2.1 μ m when free Ca 2+ was held constant at 0.1 and 1.0 m m , respectively. As in activation by ADP, ATP decreased the S 0.5 for magnesium isocitrate without affecting V . However, in contrast to ADP, the activation by ATP occurred without lowering the Hill coefficient for the substrate. GDP activated the enzyme at relatively high concentrations of Ca 2+ but not without added Ca 2+ .
Contingency approach to strategies for service firms

Abstract From the contingency perspective of business or corporate strategy, this article describes some of the unique characteristics of services that should give rise to significant differences in strategic phenomena for service firms, and makes several propositions concerning strategies for service firms.
Location of the nasolacrimal canal in relation to the high Le Fort I osteotomy.

The positional relationship between the high-level Le Fort I osteotomy and the nasolacrimal canal was studied in standard posteroanterior and lateral cephalograms made of 100 adult dry skulls after orienting the Frankfort horizontal of each skull to the natural horizontal plane. The simulated high-level Le Fort I osteotomy in all of the 100 skulls was under the level of the inferior orifice of the nasolacrimal canal by a mean distance of 5.2 mm (range, 0.5 to 11.5 mm). The average distance between the canal orifice and a line which extended from the lacrimal fossa to the anterior attachment of the inferior turbinate was 0.7 mm (range, 2.0 mm medially to 3.5 mm laterally). The maxillary height was strongly correlated to the height of the infraorbital foramen (r = .59, P less than .001) and the simulated osteotomy (r = .57, P less than .001). The results indicate that the osteotomy, when made just beneath the infraorbital foramen and extending into the piriform rim at the level of anterior attachment of the inferior turbinate, will usually not jeopardize the nasolacrimal duct within its bony canal. A line drawn from the lacrimal fossa to the anterior attachment of the inferior turbinate on the anterior aspect of the maxilla is a good approximation of the course of the nasolacrimal canal.
Aberrant thymus tissue in rat and mouse thyroid.

Dans differentes lignees de souris et de rats, on a souvent trouve du tissu thymique d'aspect normal au voisinage ou dans la thyroide měme. Les animaux thymectomises dovient ětre examines pour controler la presemce d'un tissu thymique aberrant.