cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surgical Techniques for Correction of Traumatic Hyperextension Instability of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint: A Biomechanical Study

Purpose To compare the biomechanical strengths of 5 surgical techniques for treatment of traumatic hyperextension instability of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint. Methods Thirty-six cadaveric fingers were randomly assigned to 6 groups: normal control, volar plate repair, flexor digitorum superficialis tenodesis (FDST), single lateral band transfer (SLBT), double lateral band transfer, and dual split lateral band transfer. For each experimental specimen, the volar plate and accessory collateral ligaments were transected, the PIP joint was hyperextended to 90°, and a PIP joint stabilizing procedure was completed. The ultimate strength of each procedure was ascertained by loading to failure, and the fingers were dissected to determine the pathoanatomy of failure. Force-displacement curves were used to estimate the stiffness of each group, and multiple pairwise statistical comparisons were performed. Results The mean PIP joint stiffness in the control group was significantly greater than the mean PIP joint stiffness in the FDST and SLBT groups, but not significantly different from the mean PIP joint stiffness in the other 3 groups. There were no significant differences in the mean PIP joint stiffness between the 5 joint stabilizing techniques. The SLBT, double lateral band transfer, and dual split lateral band transfer repairs all failed by massive disruption of the flexor tendon sheath, whereas the volar plate repairs and FDST repairs failed by either suture anchor pullout or suture breakage. Conclusions The stiffness of 5 surgical techniques to stabilize a traumatic hyperextensible PIP joint did not vary significantly. Clinical relevance The 5 described techniques to stabilize a posttraumatic PIP joint hyperextension deformity may provide for equal restraint to PIP joint hyperextension instability in the early postoperative period. The choice of procedure should take into consideration other factors not studied, including the potential for PIP joint flexion contracture and long-term durability.
The Story of Ex Parte Milligan: Military Trials, Enemy Combatants, and Congressional Authorization

In Ex parte Milligan, decided a year after the end of the Civil War, the Supreme Court held that the U.S. military had lacked the constitutional authority during the war to try U.S. citizens living in Indiana before a military commission. Milligan is often cited as a rare and admirable instance in which the Supreme Court invalidated Executive action during wartime in order to protect civil liberties, and it is frequently invoked in challenges to government action in the current war on terrorism. The precedential effect of Milligan, however, is far from clear. Part of the uncertainty stems from the decision's apparent inconsistency with widespread military practices during and immediately after the Civil War, including most notably the use of military commissions to try thousands of individuals not formally associated with the Confederate army. Probably because of the particular way in which the government argued the Milligan case - focusing on the bounds of martial law rather than on military jurisdiction over violations of the laws of war - the Court in Milligan did not discuss this widespread military commission practice, and it is unclear to what extent the Court meant to repudiate it. The Supreme Court's subsequent treatments of Milligan only add to the uncertainty about its scope. The Court has construed Milligan as applying only to the military detention and trial of non-belligerents, but neither Milligan nor the subsequent decisions provide a clear line for distinguishing between belligerents and non-belligerents. One possible approach would be to limit military jurisdiction to individuals covered by the international laws of war, but one problem with this approach is that the petitioners in Milligan were in fact charged with and convicted of violating the laws of war. The difficult issues of military jurisdiction that were present during the Civil War turn out to be with us still today.
Static and Dynamic Facial Cues Differentially Affect the Consistency of Social Evaluations

Individuals are quite sensitive to others' appearance cues when forming social evaluations. Cues such as facial emotional resemblance are based on facial musculature and thus dynamic. Cues such as a face's structure are based on the underlying bone and are thus relatively static. The current research examines the distinction between these types of facial cues by investigating the consistency in social evaluations arising from dynamic versus static cues. Specifically, across four studies using real faces, digitally generated faces, and downstream behavioral decisions, we demonstrate that social evaluations based on dynamic cues, such as intentions, have greater variability across multiple presentations of the same identity than do social evaluations based on static cues, such as ability. Thus, although evaluations of intentions vary considerably across different instances of a target's face, evaluations of ability are relatively fixed. The findings highlight the role of facial cues' consistency in the stability of social evaluations.
Adam Smith Across Nations: Translations and Receptions of The Wealth of Nations. Edited by Cheng-chung Lai. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. Pp. xxxiii, 403. $99.99.

For years to come historians of economic thought, economic historians, and, most importantly, Adam Smith scholars will all be indebted to Professor Cheng-chung Lai for this unique contribution to our collective understanding of the spread of economic ideas. In the volume under review, Lai has assembled a very compelling set of writings that advance our understanding of the spread of Smith's ideas beyond the Anglophone world. This volume includes a variety of sources, some translated specifically for it, including original prefaces or forwards to several translations, a few now-classic essays on the spread of Smithian ideas, and a number of articles by contemporary Smith scholars. Collectively, these 29 essays provide a remarkable insight into the reception accorded Smith's ideas in ten nations.
Electrophoretic Mobility of Milk Fat Globules. I. Cell Design

Summary The construction of an acrylic plastic microelectrophoresis cell is described, along with supplemental equipment for the elecrtrophoresis of milk fat globules. Validity of this cell is proven by comparison with a Briggs cell on milk fat globules and human erythrocytes. The validity is further proven and confirmed through theoretical aspects of the mobility-depth curve.
Regulatory Nodes That Integrate and Coordinate Signaling as Potential Targets for Breast Cancer Therapy

Blockade of the estrogen receptor (ER) with antiestrogens and aromatase inhibitors is effective in the treatment of breast cancer. Why ER plays such a dominant role in breast cancer and represents such an excellent target remains to be defined. The ability of ER to respond to multiple inputs and to control expression of multiple downstream genes may be one of the reasons why ER is such a powerful target for breast cancer treatment. The recent modest performance of a number of targeted therapies in breast cancer has raised the question whether we will ever develop therapies that have such success as antiestrogens. Targeted therapies tend to inhibit a single pathway that is probably altered in only a subset of patients. Even within this subset, only a limited number of patients respond. The evidence that virtually all pathways can cross-talk and that they exhibit several layers of redundancy reveals a complexity of signaling networks that may defy the generation of targeted therapies with efficacy similar to antiestrogens. However, there are clearly regulatory nodes that can integrate multiple upstream inputs and elicit diverse downstream outputs. We provide evidence and rationales for integrins, insulin receptor substrates (IRSs), and cyclin D1 as potential therapeutic targets. These proteins, similar to ER, can integrate and coordinate multiple signals in breast cancer cells and thus mediate diverse aspects of breast cancer progression. New treatment targets will emerge in light of more global models of signal transduction that fully integrate all aspects of cell biology such as the role of the extracellular matrix and will hopefully result in the development of targeted therapies that show efficacy similar to antiestrogens.
Age-Dependent Changes in the Effects of Amiodarone on Rabbit Cardiac Myocyte Contractions:

BACKGROUND: Intravenous amiodarone has increasingly been used to control life-threatening atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. In addition to its four antiarrhythmic properties, amiodarone may have complex effects on intracellular Ca(2+) stores and myocyte contractility. METHODS AND RESULTS: Contraction amplitude was recorded for cardiac ventricular myocytes isolated from neonatal and adult rabbits. Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) stores were loaded to steady-state levels by a train of eight electric field stimulations. The SR Ca(2+) load was quantified by recording the contraction amplitude resulting from the complete depletion of SR Ca(2+) stores by exposing the cell to a 1-second pulse of 10 mmol/L caffeine. After the cells were exposed to 1 µmol/L amiodarone for 10 minutes, electrically stimulated contraction amplitudes significantly decreased in both adult and neonatal cells. Caffeine-induced cell contraction amplitudes were not affected by amiodarone in adult ventricular myocytes. By contrast, amiodarone markedly inhibited caffeine-induced contractions in neonatal ventricular myocytes. The inhibitory effect of amiodarone on the caffeine-induced contractions was not replicated by Ca(2+) channel blockade with diltiazem. CONCLUSIONS: Amiodarone markedly inhibits caffeine-induced contraction in neonatal myocytes but has no significant effect on adult myocytes. Ca(2+) influx through amiodarone-sensitive Ca(2+) channels may play a primary role in maintaining SR Ca(2+) stores in neonatal heart.
Developmental variation in effects of the second and third chromosomes on the activities of the glucose 6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases in Drosophila melanogaster

Developmental profiles of the second- and third-chromosome modifiers of the activities of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) in Drosophila melanogaster were investigated. Third-chromosome modifiers showed very strong effects on both enzyme activities at larval, pupal, and adult stages, whereas second-chromosome effects were detected mainly at larval and adult stages. For both enzyme activities and both chromosomes, the correlation over line means between larval and pupal stages was significantly positive, but the correlation between larval or pupal stage and adult stage was not significant. This result suggests that the actions of modifiers on G6PD and 6PGD activities are influenced by the change of developmental stages. Correlation between G6PD and 6PGD activities was positive and highly significant throughout the developmental stages for both sets of chromosomes, although third-chromosome correlations were slightly higher than second-chromosome correlations. The magnitude of the correlation between G6PD and 6PGD activities does not seem to be influenced by the change of development. Diallel crosses for both sets of chromosomes indicate that the action of activity modifiers is mainly additive for both sets of chromosomes, but dominance effects were detected in some cases in adult males. Significant maternal effects were detected for the third chromosome for both enzyme activities until the pupal stage. The change of the activity modifier action after emergence of the imago and the significant correlation between G6PD and 6PGD activities were also detected for diallel progeny.
Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1 as the Mediator of the Inhibitory Effect of Progestins on Cytokine-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Activity In Vitro

Progesterone (P4) and the progestin, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate, are clinically used to prevent preterm births (PTBs); however, their mechanism of action remains unclear. Cytokine-induced matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) activity plays a key role in preterm premature rupture of the membranes and PTB. We demonstrated that the primary chorion cells and the HTR8/SVneo cells (cytotrophoblast cell line) do not express the classical progesterone receptor (PGR) but instead a novel progesterone receptor, progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), whose role remains unclear. Using HTR8/SVneo cells in culture, we further demonstrated that 6 hours pretreatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and dexamethasone (Dex) but not P4 or 17α-hydroxyprogesterone hexanoate significantly attenuated tumor necrosis factor α-induced MMP-9 activity after a 24-hour incubation period. The inhibitory effect of MPA, but not Dex, was attenuated when PGRMC1 expression was successfully reduced by PGRMC1 small interfering RNA. Our findings highlight a possible novel role of PGRMC1 in mediating the effects of MPA and in modulating cytokine-induced MMP-9 activity in cytotrophoblast cells in vitro.
Overdentures—Theory and Technique

In the short-coping, long-coping, and attachment-coping overdenture techniques, natural teeth remaining in the arches are used as abutments for the denture. In the short-coping method, endodontic treatment and significant reduction of the teeth are required. Vertical height is not excessively reduced with use of the long-coping method, but disadvantages dictate use of the technique only in selected situations. Three groups of attachments have been used successfully in the third overdenture method to preserve the abutment teeth.
Zaprinast, a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, overcomes sexual dysfunction produced by fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in hamsters.

Zaprinast, a Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitor, Overcomes Sexual Dysfunction Produced by Fluoxetine, a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor in Hamsters
Social Media Circa 2035: Directions in Social Media Theory

Digital technologies have swept the globe over the last two decades as the Internet has reached nearly every corner of the world, enabling citizens, activists, companies, journalists, and governmen...
Cultural and linguistic miscues: a case study of international teaching assistant and academic faculty miscommunication

Abstract This case study explores the communication patterns between Chinese international teaching assistants (ITAs) and academic faculty in a Mathematics Department. The faculty highly esteemed the ITAs as excellent mathematicians, but generally attributed negative causes to their behavior outside the realm of mathematics. The ITAs’ polite deference and concern for maintaining appropriate face for unequal status interactions manifested itself as silence and avoidance in formal contacts with faculty, both in and out of the classroom. Most faculty interpreted this behavior as lack of motivation, isolationism and unwillingness to cooperate in ITA instructional assignments, or in improving their English. The students attributed their own behavior to stressful situational pressures and to the mixed messages they received from the faculty about the amount of time they should devote to English. Results are interpreted as supporting Gumperz’ theory of conversational inference (1982: Gumperz, J. (1982). Discourse strategies . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1992: Gumperz, J. (1992). Contextualization and understanding. In A. Duranti, & C. Goodwin (Eds.), Rethinking context (pp. 229–252)), and of attribution theoretical approaches. Implications for ITA training programs are discussed.
The Livermore Free-Electron Laser Program Magnet Test Laboratory

Test Laboratory supports the ongoing development of the Induction Linac Free-Electron Laser and uses magnetic-field measurement systems that are useful in the testing of long-period magnetic structures, electron-beam transport magnets, and spectrometer magnets. The major systems are described which include two three-axis Hall probe-and-search coil transports with computer-controlled data acquisition; an automated-search coil system used to detect very small inaccuracies in wiggler fields; a nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR)-based Hall probe-calibration facility; and a high-current DC ion source using heavy ions of variable momentum to model the transport of high-energy electrons. A high-precision electron-beam-position monitor, under development for use within long wigglers, that has a positional resolution of less than 100 mu m is discussed briefly. >
Why students choose MIS: what makes a major-job-career in management information systems interesting?

Students choose a major based on a number of factors, with interest in the subject matter consistently being important. Given declining MIS enrollments at our university, we seek to understand our students' selection of a major so that we may take appropriate steps to address the decline. Besides understanding our situation better, we seek to contribute to the literature by developing a deeper understanding of what is meant by interest in the major. Our research is guided by the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Our primary focus is to examine students' expected outcomes that lead to attitudes, with a particular focus on aspects of an MIS major that generate interest in the major. We will use open-ended survey questions and conduct qualitative interviews with students at our university, including new and returning students, MIS and non-MIS majors. Results will be reported at the conference.
A behavior setting assessment for community programs and residences

Using the concept of person-environment fit to determine the effectiveness of residential and program placements for chronic psychiatric clients requires systematic and concrete information about these community environments in addition to information about the clients themselves. The conceptual and empirical development of the Behavior Setting Assessment (BSA), a measure based on Barker's behavior setting theory, is described. Use of the BSA with 28 residences (117 settings) and 11 programs (176 settings) from two community support systems demonstrated that all 293 settings assessed could be described and analyzed in terms of differences in their demands for self-care skills, food preparation and consumption, verbal/cognitive responses, and solitary or group activities. The BSA is an efficient measure for obtaining specific, concrete information about the behavioral demands of important community environments.
Two-Server Markovian Queues with Balking: Heterogeneous vs. Homogeneous Servers

This paper analyses a Markovian queuing system with balking and two heterogeneous servers determines the capacity of the slower server and obtains the optimal service rates that minimize the average characteristics of the heterogeneous system. The heterogeneous system is compared with a corresponding homogeneous system and a condition showing the efficiency of the heterogeneous system is obtained, this condition involving only the traffic intensity and the service rates. A cost model is discussed and various tables and graphs representing the average characteristics of both the systems are given.
Staying Close When Apart

ABSTRACT This qualitative study explored meaning and process in long-distance dating relationships. Based on in-depth interviews with 10 students aged 23–35, the following areas were examined: meanings connected to the relationship and separation, relational maintenance strategies, and commitment processes. Findings suggested that processes associated with intimacy were applicable to long-distance relationships-including the importance of subjective meanings around “feeling close.” Other commonalities among participants included a strong foundation of friendship as well as the importance of technology in staying connected. Many participants identified trust as a prerequisite and result of commitment. The predominantly positive view about long-distance relationships seemed to be facilitated by meanings attributed to the separation that emphasized its temporary and necessary nature.
Yielding of glassy polymers in the second quadrant of principal stress space

Abstract Second quadrant crazing and shear yielding studies were performed on glassy poly(methyl methacrylate) by means of combined torsion-tension loading. The results are in quantitative agreement with the shear and normal stress yielding criteria proposed by Sternstein and Ongchin. It is shown that four distinct regions of material response exist in the second quadrant and, depending on the stress state, 1) no crazing and no shear yielding, 2) crazing alone, 3) shear yielding alone, or 4) crazing and shear yielding can occur. An analysis of stress field induced brittle-ductile transitions is presented which is in agreement with other studies of high-pressure yielding.
Change in spatial characteristics of forest openings in the Klamath Mountains of northwestern California, USA

Change in the spatial characteristics of forest openings was investigated in three forested watersheds in north-western Siskiyou County, California totalling approximately 24,600 hectares. Watersheds with minimal human disturbance were chosen for study. However, fire suppression has been pervasive throughout. Characteristics of forest openings (area, perimeter, distance between neighboring openings) were measured on aerial photographs taken 41 years apart. An index of regional form was determined for the landscape. Shape complexity for each opening was calculated using two indices based upon fractals. Significant differences were found using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test between the perimeters, areas, distance from sample point to nearest opening, and distance between neighboring openings. The perimeters and areas became smaller, and the distances from the sample point to the nearest opening and between neighboring openings became greater over the 41 years between aerial photo sets. The estimated area occupied by openings decreased from 25.8 % to 15.6 % of the study area. No significant difference was found in the shape of the openings except as the shape indices were influenced by changes in size of the openings.
The Ordered Group of Invertible Ideals of a Prüfer Domain of Finite Character

Abstract Let D be a Prufer domain, and denote by ± bℑ(D) the multiplicative group of all invertible fractional ideals of D, ordered by A ≤ B if and only if A ⊇ B. Denote by G i the value group of the valuation associated with the valuation ring D M i , where {M i } i∈I is the collection of all maximal ideals of D. In this note we prove that the natural map from ± bℑ(D) into ± b∏ i∈I G i is an isomorphism onto the cardinal sum ± b∐ i∈I G i if and only if D is h-local. As a corollary, the group of divisibility of an h-local Bezout domain is isomorphic to ± b∐ i∈I G i , the notation being as above.
Purification of a multiphosphorylated peptide from canine cardiac myosin heavy chains labeled in tissue culture

Abstract Partial acid hydrolysis of canine cardiac myosin heavy chains labeled with [ 32 P]orthophosphate in myocardial cell culture yielded a peptide having a molecular weight between 700 and 1500 and containing phosphothreonine and phosphoserine. The phosphate-rich peptide of myosin heavy chains produced by partial acid hydrolysis was purified first by Sephadex gel filtration, followed by elution with a gradient of formic acid from a Dowex ion-exchange chromatograph. Further identification of the multiphosphorylated peptide was made using high voltage electrophoresis and amino acid analyses. The data described here demonstrate that partial acid hydrolysis (time dependent) can be used to produce partially acid-stable peptides in a good yield.
The safety of amalgam compared with resin composite restorations in children older than 8 years showed no significant differences on neurobehavioral or nerve conduction studies during a 7-year follow-up.

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Neuropsychological and renal effects of dental amalgam in children: a randomized clinical trial. Bellinger DC, Trachtenberg F, Barregard L, Tavares M, Cernichiari E, Daniel D, et al. JAMA 2006;295(15):1775-83 . Level of Evidence 1b Purpose/Question The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of exposure to mercury vapor from dental amalgam on neuropsychological and renal function in children. Source of Funding This study was funded by a cooperative agreement between the New England Research Institutes and the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) of the National Institutes of Health. Type of Study/Design Randomized controlled trial.
A reassessment of Adam Smith's lectures on Rhetoric and Belles lettres

The manuscript known as Adam Smith's Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres has been interpreted incorrectly as a theory of rhetoric which broadens the scope of rhetoric to include literary, historical, didactic, and persuasive discourse. Rather, Purcell argues, the Lectures define rhetoric narrowly in the classical sense and therefore do not represent a new and innovative theory of rhetoric.
Health care reform in the United States: an opportunity for interventional radiologists.

Health care reform is an ongoing reality in the United States. This communication provides a concise description of the context in which this reform has emerged, explains the major provisions being translated through providers as of today, and elucidates potential opportunities in this dynamic environment for interventional radiologists. According to Medicare trustees, the Medicare fund will be bankrupt by 2026 because of soaring health care expenditures (1,2). Expenditures, or “costs,” as referred to in this setting, represent dollars charged for medical care, procedures, and hospital stays, as well as the dollars paid to insurance companies on behalf of patients. Cumulatively, these costs represent 18% of the gross national product, or $2.7 trillion (3). Despite this exorbitant spending, the United States ranks poorly in several important health care outcome metrics, including male and female life expectancies, infant mortality, and obesity, among others (4–6). In 2010, President Barack Obama signed into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), a law comprising almost 2,500 pages that outlines provisions to be implemented over 10 years that aim to (a )i mprove access to health care, (b) improve the quality of patient care, and (c )r ealign the focus of providers withfiscally responsible behavior. Although these aims are interdependent to a great degree, two major themes emerge from analysis of the law. First, the law expands medical insurance coverage of individuals through health insurance market reform, elimination of preexisting condition restrictions, individual and employer mandates, health insurance exchanges, federal subsidies for the poor, and expanded access to Medicaid. The funding for these changes will result from taxes on health care industry companies, penalties on those who remain uninsured or fail to provide insurance, and provider cuts (7,8). Second, provisions are included over time to improve quality of patient care and to control costs. This latter theme seeks to integrate improved efficiency and cost savings at the provider level in an effort ultimately to decrease spending and to improve further access to care (7,9–11). If one considers the payer - provider - patient chain structure of health care (Fig 1), the idea of decreased costs at the provider level is sound. It would increase retained earnings of the payers, maintaining Medicare as a source of income for providers and allowing private insurers to charge less to patients, which would ultimately improve access from the patient side through lower costs. Mission accomplished? Almost—except for the lurking relative value unit (RVU) saboteur.
Comparing conceptual modeling techniques: a critical review of the EER vs. OO empirical literature

The empirical literature comparing entity relationship and object-oriented modeling techniques, while vibrant, has often yielded equivocal findings. This review employs Norman's (1986) Theory of Action to distinguish between model creation and comprehension studies, and applies and extends the theoretical framework proposed by Gemino and Wand (2004) to highlight and detail several issues that may need further exploration if consistent results in this stream are to be realized. Specifically, this paper explores why and how issues of ontological foundation, training, equivalence of conceptual models, and modeling practices may result in differences between alternative modeling techniques. A comprehensive picture of this literature is provided and a number of potential avenues for future research are proposed.
Voltammetry and redox charge storage capacity of ferrocene-functionalized silica nanoparticles.

We describe the electrochemistry of 15 nm diameter silica nanoparticles densely functionalized with ferrocene (FcSiO2) through siloxane couplings. Each nanoparticle bears ∼600 Fc sites, as measured...
Human Umbilical Cord Blood Cells Alter Blood and Spleen Cell Populations After Stroke

The human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) mononuclear cell (MNC) fraction is a mixed population of cells that induces functional repair in rodent models of stroke when injected intravenously (i.v.). The transplanted cells are found in the infarcted hemisphere and the spleen. The goal of this project was to determine the nature of the interaction between the HUCB MNCs and splenic immune cells. Male Sprague Dawley rats underwent permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and received i.v. injection of either vehicle (MCAO only), HUCB MNCs, or MNCs depleted of CD14+ monocytes, CD133+ stem cells, or CD19+ B cells 48 h poststroke. At 72 h post-MCAO, the animals were euthanized, and the spleens and blood MNCs were harvested for flow cytometry and mitogen proliferation assays. All HUCB cell preparations decreased the percentage of T cells in the spleen and monocytes in the blood (p < 0.05). MNCs depleted of CD14+ and CD19+ decreased the percentage of macrophage (p < 0.001), while CD133-depleted MNCs increased the percentage of macrophage in the spleen (p < 0.001); MNC did not alter the macrophage population from the level observed after MCAO. Only HUCB MNC significantly decreased concanavalin A-induced T cell stimulation (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the effects of HUCB MNC in the spleen are not due to a single HUCB population, but the interaction of all the subpopulations together.
Electrochemistry of lunar rocks

Electrolysis of silicate melts has been shown to be an effective means of producing metals from common silicate materials. No fluxing agents need be added to the melts. From solution in melts of diopside (CaMgSi2O6) composition, the elements Si, Ti, Ni, and Fe have been reduced to their metallic states. Platinum is a satisfactory anode material, but other cathode materials are needed. Electrolysis of compositional analogs of lunar rocks initially produces iron metal at the cathode and oxygen gas at the anode. Utilizing mainly heat and electricity which are readily available from sunlight, direct electrolysis is capable of producing useful metals from common feedstocks without the need for expendable chemicals. This simple process and the products obtained from it deserve further study for use in materials processing in space.
Divine Poiesis and Abstract Entities

La dependance existentielle ou ontologique d'un etre humain a Dieu est ce que l'A. nomme poiesis divine. Il tente d'en donner une explication informelle; il met l'accent sur les relations de Dieu aux entites abstraites comme les categories, les proprietes, les relations, les propositions et les nombres. Dans le cours de son explication, il critique quelques travaux recents sur la question et tente de prolonger la discussion en cherchant du cote des distinctions faites les theologiens chretiens de l'Eglise pre-moderne
Syndiospecific polymerization of styrene using fluorinated indenyltitanium complexes

Nine new fluorinated half-sandwich titanocene complexes (1b-9b) based on substituted alkylindenes were synthesized, by reacting Me 3 SnF with the corresponding chloride species, and employed as catalyst precursors for the syndiospecific polymerization of styrene. When activated with methylaluminoxane (MAO), the new precursors 1b-9b exhibited increased activities by factors of 15-40 compared with the corresponding chlorinated compounds and provided improved syndiotacticity, enhanced melting temperature, and higher polymer molecular weights. The activities of indenyl and methyl- or phenyl-substituted indenyl complexes were found to be higher by factors of 4-12.5 than those of CpTiF 3 and Cp * TiF 3 . More importantly, the amount of MAOcan be reduced to an Al: Ti molar ratio of 300 in the temperature range of 10-90°C. It is likely that Ti-F, more polarized than the Ti-Cl bond in the half-sandwich titanocenes, allows the formation of more active and stable active sites of Ti(III) complexes needed for the syndiospecific polymerization of styrene. Evidence in this direction is brought via the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum and redox titration. The higher activity and syndiospecificity of the fluorinated catalysts are attributable to a greater number, more stable Ti(III) active sites, and/or higher propagation rate constant.
Growth inhibitory effect of p21 and p53 containing adenoviruses on transitional cell carcinoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo

Altered p53 expression has been demonstrated in the majority of advanced transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder tumors. The objective of this investigation was to examine the effect of the introduction of a p53 or p21(WAF1/CIP1) adenovirus on the proliferation and apoptosis of various human TCC cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Proliferation was measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation. Apoptosis was measured by DNA fragmentation and bax expression. We also examined the effect of ex vivo introduction of the p21(WAF1/CIP1) or the p53 gene on growth of the T24 TCC cells and UMUC-3 TCC cells introduced subcutaneously into athymic nude mice. We found that although the effect of the p21-adenovirus on the proliferation of various TCC lines varied with each individual cell line, there was a substantial growth inhibition observed (greater than 80% growth inhibition) in seven of the eight TCC cell lines at the highest viral dosage. In contrast, after 24 h, the highest dosage of the p53-adenovirus produced only a heterogeneous decrease in proliferation compared to the highest dose of the p21(WAF1/CIP1)-adenovirus (40–90%). In ex vivo experiments, no tumors were found in nude mice injected subcutaneously with either TCC cell line exposed in vitro to the AdSCMV-p21(WAF1/CIP1) or AdSCMV-p53 viruses before three weeks. There was a threefold decrease in tumor square area at week 5 in the Ad5CMV-p21(WAF1/CIP1) or Ad5CMV-p53 TCC cells injected mice (p<0.001, p<0.009) compared to either mock or Ad5CMVLacZ TCC bladder tumor cells. These data suggest that significant portion of the effect of altered p53 on TCC phenotype may be mediated through the p21(WAF1/CIP1) pathway. Thus, the restoration of p21(WAF1/CIP1) function in this tumor system may be a beneficial therapeutic strategy.
Continuing medical education and quality management: Emerging relationship

A variety of management systems have been used in health care in the past to look systematically for problems and find their solutions. Quality management (QM) systems and continuing medical education (CME) are two stakeholders in health care that focus on making changes. The relationship between QM systems and CME holds great promise and is beginning to take shape. QM systems and CM, although similar in many ways, have not yet identified those interfaces that will create a truly synergistic relationship. One common theme, however, is the process shared by QM systems and CME that is used to identify problems, develop solutions, implement solutions, and measure results. The purpose of this article is to help those in CME look at ways that QM systems and CME can collaborate effectively, resulting in positive changes for physician learners and their patients.
Collaboration Strategy Simulation of Multi-Agents for Pursuit-Evasion in Wireless Sensor Networks

In this study, we used Cricket equipments based on wireless sensor networks to study the pursuit-evasion strategy of multi-robots in a continuous map. In order to improve the efficiency, two new pursuit-evasion strategies were proposed. To meet the need of a continuous map, a greedy algorithm was utilized to deal with boundary problem when a pursuer or an evader was near the field boundary. The statistical results show the converging-attack pursuit strategy outperforms in pursuing the evader with different escaping strategies, such as randomly moving, active escaping strategy and vector-wards escaping strategy. The vector-wards escaping strategy is also effective in delaying the capture of evaders.
Biography: Agricultural Finance Review

Purpose – This paper aims to provide a “biography” of sorts on Agricultural Finance Review. The paper tracks the evolution of Agricultural Finance Review from its introduction in 1938 to its current status.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a complete review of every paper and every issue. Not all papers were read by the author, but key papers of interest that in one way or another made significant contributions to the study of agricultural finance were reviewed.Findings – The paper shows the evolution of agricultural finance from the early days of reporting financial data in the 1930s and 1940s, to its emergence as a major and significant sub discipline of the general field of agricultural economics.Research limitations/implications – As indicated, not all papers were fully reviewed or read. It is possible that papers identified as “firsts” may have been preceded by other papers. Nonetheless the paper identifies the basic evolutionary path of the journal and defines key points in time wh...
The Relationship between the Defense Mechanisms Inventory and Reported Symptomatology in College Females

Abstract This study related defense mechanisms, as measured by the Defense Mechanisms Inventory, to the SCL-90-R and the MMPI. A total of 173 college female subjects participated. A canonical analysis of the defense variables with the symptom variables revealed two significant groupings. First, a clear introjecting defensive style was found to be related to high amounts of reported depression, anxiety, introversion, and global symptomatology. Second, a ‘healthy’ defense grouping was negatively related to the symptom variables. This second grouping also was positively influenced by scores on M-F. The results were interpreted as supporting a single symptomatic dimension on the DMI, as well as suggesting that greater androgyny is associated with more healthy defensive functioning.
Effects of vagotomy on satiety induced by gastrointestinal hormones in the rat

Abstract Cholecystokinin, bombesin and pancreatic polypeptide are all reported to induce satiety in rodents. To test the hypothesis that cholecystokinin and bombesin induce satiety through release of pancreatic polypeptide, we compared the satiety inducing properties of each peptide in rats trained to eat a liquid diet (Magnacal). Studies were repeated after transabdominal truncal vagotomy (n=8) or sham operation (n=8). Peptides were given by intraperitoneal injection, and the volume of Magnacal ingested over a 2 hr period measured. After the injection of saline, unoperated rats (n=16) ingested 30±2.3 ml of Magnacal. Caerulein (9 nmol/kg) and bombesin (27 nmol/kg) significantly inhibited food intake to 8±2.5 ml and 20±2.1 ml respectively. In contrast pancreatic polypeptide (27 nmol/kg) had no significant effect on food intake. Both caerulein and bombesin retained the ability to reduce food intake after vagotomy although the effects of caerulein were somewhat blunted. No significant changes in serum pancreatic poly peptide concentrations were observed after either the caerulein or bombesin injection. As both peptides release pancreatic polypeptide in higher mammals, species differences in release mechanisms appear to exist. We would conclude that caerulein and bombesin induced satiety is independent of pancreatic polypeptide release and that the weight loss induced by pancreatic polypeptide in obese rodents is unlikely to be due to induction of satiety.
Characterization of DNA-binding specificity and analysis of binding sites of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa global regulator, Vfr, a homologue of the Escherichia coli cAMP receptor protein.

Vfr, a global regulator of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors, is a homologue of the Escherichia coli cAMP receptor protein, CRP. Vfr is 91 % similar to CRP and maintains many residues important for CRP to bind cAMP, bind DNA, and interact with RNA polymerase at target promoters. While vfr can complement an E. coli crp mutant in β-galactosidase production, tryptophanase production and catabolite repression, crp can only complement a subset of Vfr-dependent phenotypes in P. aeruginosa. Using specific CRP binding site mutations, it is shown that Vfr requires the same nucleotides as CRP for optimal transcriptional activity from the E. coli lac promoter. In contrast, CRP did not bind Vfr target sequences in the promoters of the toxA and regA genes. Footprinting analysis revealed Vfr protected sequences upstream of toxA, regA, and the quorum sensing regulator lasR, that are similar to but significantly divergent from the CRP consensus binding sequence, and Vfr causes similar DNA bending to CRP in bound target sequences. Using a preliminary Vfr consensus binding sequence deduced from the Vfr-protected sites, Vfr target sequences were identified upstream of the virulence-associated genes plcN, plcHR, pbpG, prpL and algD, and in the vfr/orfX, argH/fimS, pilM/ponA intergenic regions. From these sequences the Vfr consensus binding sequence, 5′-ANWWTGNGAWNY : AGWTCACAT-3′, was formulated. This study suggests that Vfr shares many of the same functions as CRP, but has specialized functions, at least in terms of DNA target sequence binding, required for regulation of a subset of genes in its regulon.
A methodology for designing, modifying, and implementing Fourier transform algorithms on various architectures

Fourier transform algorithms are described using tensor (Kronecker) products and an associated class of permutations. Algebraic properties of tensor products and the related permutations are used to derive variants of the Cooley-Tukey fast Fourier transform algorithm. These algorithms can be implemented by translating tensor products and permutations to programming constructs. An implementation can be matched to a specific computer architecture by selecting the appropriate variant. This methodology is carried out for the Cray X-MP and the AT&T DSP32.
Response Control in Fluid-Smart Structure Interaction

A formulation with computational procedure for the response control in fluid-smart structure interaction is presented. It exploits the features of the smart triangular shell finite elements developed earlier by the author and his associate, the double asymptotic approximation for fluid-structure interaction of Geers, and the finite element-cum-boundary element method that was proposed by To and O’Grady. To provide a better understanding of the interplay between the structural responses and the applied voltage of the piezoelectric layers, computed results of a three-layered simply-supported plate structure were presented. It was observed that significant deformation reduction can be achieved with applied voltage indicating that with the smart shell finite elements desired deformation at chosen locations of the submerged system can be specified.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
T cells with encephalitogenic potential from multiple sclerosis patients and Lewis rats fail to induce disease in SCID mice following intracisternal injection

Abstract Intracisternal (IC) transfer of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mononuclear cells from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients has been reported by others to induce an ‘MS-like pathology’ in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. We injected cells from several sources intracisternally into SCID mice and assessed the recipients for clinical and histological disease. CSF cells and myelin basic protein (BP)-specific T lymphocytes from MS patients failed to induce clinical or histological disease following IC injection in SCID mice. Similarly, encephalitogenic BP-specific T cells from Lewis rats were unable to induce disease after IC injection in either SCID mice or Lewis rats, even at cell numbers which induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats following intraperitoneal (IP) injection. In contrast, naive Lewis rat splenocytes, which were capable of inducing lethal graft-versus-host (GVH) disease following IP transfer in SCID mice, induced paralysis and histopathological changes following IC transfer in SCID mice. We conclude that MS CSF cells do not typically transfer disease into SCID mice following IC injection. Furthermore, it appears likely that neuropathological disease following IC transfer of cells reflects the potential of the transferred cells for inducing GVH disease. Specific recognition of neuroantigens by T cells, as occurs in EAE, is probably not involved in the transfer of paralytic disease by IC transferred MS patient CSF cells.
Fermentative Variability among Substrains of Streptococcus Cremoris and Streptococcus Lactis Obtained from Pure Cultures

Summary From a pure culture of Streptococcus cremoris which fermented neither maltose nor sucrose (maltose −, sucrose −), 458 substrains were isolated by the poured agar plate method. Of these, 217 were (maltose −, sucrose −), 229 were (maltose +, sucrose −), 11 were (maltose −, sucrose +), and one was (maltose +, sucrose +). A culture of S. lactis (maltose +, sucrose −) was more stable, yielding 756 substrains which were (maltose +, sucrose −), and one which was (maltose +, sucrose +).
Ultrastructural studies of normal skin and epidermal papillomas of the flathead sole, Hippoglossoides elassodon

Epidermal cells of normal fin web and of the epidermal papilloma of the flathead sole, Hippoglossoides elassodon, were compared by light and electron microscopy. The predominant cells of normal epidermis are squamous and are characterized by complex microvillous interdigitations between adjacent cells, numerous desmosome-like structures, terminal bars, prominent cytoplasmic filaments, and blunt, broad-based microvilli on the outer (free) surfaces of the superficial cells. The less numerous mucous cells of normal epidermis possess abundant ergastoplasm and mucus-filled vacuoles, but lack desmosome-like structures and cytoplasmic filaments.
Characterization of OMVPE-Grown AlGaInN Heterostructures

We report on the OMVPE growth and characterization of AlGalnN and its heterostructures, including measurements of electrical properties (Hall), optical properties (photo- and cathodo- luminescence), structural characteristics (x-ray diffraction and TEM); and also the emission of InGaN/AlGaN heterostructures subject to optical and electrical pumping.
Cesium and bromine doping into hexagonal boron nitride

Using a two-zone method, the possible formation of an intercalation compound of hexagonal boron nitride (BN) with Cs and Br2 was investigated. Only a few percent weight increase was observed by doping BN with Cs and Br2. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal was significantly modified by Cs doping, which is attributed to the reaction between the Cs atoms and spin resonance centers (N vacancies) in BN; no change in the EPR spectra was observed with Br2 doping. However, the deep blue colored Cs-BN complex reported by Mugiya and co-workers was not obtained with the two-zone method. Though no evidence of systematic intercalation reaction in BN was observed in contrast to graphite host materials, intercalation islands induced by the introduction of Cs atoms were suggested by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations.