cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
First Report of Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and Laurel Wilt in Louisiana, USA: The Disease Continues Westward on Sassafras

Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and sassafras trees that died from laurel wilt were discovered in a 3-parish area of northern Louisiana, USA, in Sep 2014. Redbay, a species that has been severely affected by the disease in the coastal plains forests of the southeastern USA, is not found in this area of northern Louisiana, suggesting that sassafras is attractive to X. glabratus and an adequate reproductive host for the beetle. This is the first report of X. glabratus and laurel wilt in Louisiana and the first report of the beetle and disease west of the Mississippi River. Sumario En septiembre del 2014, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) y arboles de sasafras que murieron a causa de la marchitez del laurel fueron descubiertos en un area de 3 municipios del norte de Louisiana, EE.UU. El aguacatillo ( Persea borbonia ), una especie que se ha visto gravemente afectada por la enfermedad en los bosques de la llanura costero del sudeste de EE.UU., no se encuentra en esta zona del norte de Louisiana, lo que sugiere que el sasafras es atractivo para X. glabratus y un hospedero reproductivo adecuado para el escarabajo. Este es el primer informe de X. glabratus y la marchitez del laurel en Louisiana y el primer informe del escarabajo y la enfermedad al oeste del rio Mississippi. View this article in BioOne
Electrodeposition of uranium and thorium onto small platinum electrodes

Abstract Preparation of thin U- and Th-coated 0.3 mm diameter Pt working electrodes by the cyclic potential sweep method is described. Uranyl- and thorium hydroxide layers were electrodeposited from ethanol solutions containing 0.02 M natural uranyl and 0.02 M natural thorium nitrate, each with 3.6 M ammonium nitrate. The cell for electrodeposition was specially developed in order to accommodate the small working electrodes for this research by including a working electrode probe, 3-D translation stage, and microscope. The source material deposition was analyzed using digital microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and confirmed using x-ray fluorescence measurements. The appropriate potential range for electrodeposition was determined to be −0.62 V to −0.64 V for a 0.3 mm diameter Pt working electrode placed 1 cm from the counter electrode. Smooth, uniform deposition was observed near the central region of the working electrode, while surface cracking and crystalline formations were found near the edge of the working electrode. The final procedure for sample substrate preparation, electrolytic solution preparation and electrodeposition are described.
The Bone Marrow in Normal and Disease States

This chapter presents an overview to the morphologic findings in normal and disease states in the bone marrow (BM). We begin with a discussion of the maturation and function of the normal marrow elements. The effects of microanatomical localization of hematopoietic elements in relation to specialized stromal cell types on promoting growth and maturation are considered.
Financial Frictions in Production Networks

We show that the organization of production among firms in an economy has important implications for the impact of financial frictions. We set up a model in which firms use output of other firms as inputs for their own production. We allow for arbitrary network structures such that aggregate production functions are constant. Therefore, in the absence of frictions these structures are allocatively equivalent. We then provide several examples which illustrate that when firms face liquidity constraints, different input-output structures require vastly diÂ§erent amounts of aggregate liquidity in order to implement identical allocations. This implies that the input-output structure of the economy is an important determinant of its response to a financial shock. Our main result is that financial constraints have a stronger impact on aggregate output when firms are engaged in a larger amount of transactions among themselves. Finally, we calibrate the model to match the input-output matrix of the U.S. economy and use this to explore the extent to which these interrelationships can explain the drop in output during the latest recession.
On convergence sets of divergent power series

A nonlinear generalization of convergence sets of formal power series, in the sense of Abhyankar–Moh [J. Reine Angew. Math. 241 (1970)], is introduced. Given a family y = φs(t, x) = sb1(x)t + b2(x)t 2 + · · · of analytic curves in C× C passing through the origin, Convφ(f) of a formal power series f(y, t, x) ∈ C[[y, t, x]] is defined to be the set of all s ∈ C for which the power series f(φs(t, x), t, x) converges as a series in (t, x). We prove that for a subset E ⊂ C there exists a divergent formal power series f(y, t, x) ∈ C[[y, t, x]] such that E = Convφ(f) if and only if E is an Fσ set of zero capacity. This generalizes the results of P. Lelong and A. Sathaye for the linear case φs(t, x) = st. We say that a formal power series f(z) = ∑∞ |α|=0 aαz α is convergent if there exists a constant C such that |aα| ≤ C |α| for all α ∈ Z+. (Here we have used multiindex notation: Z+ denotes the set of all n-tuples α := (α1, . . . , αn) of integers αi ≥ 0 if z = (z1, . . . , zn) and α ∈ Z+, then zα = z1 1 · · · zαn n and |α| := α1 + · · ·+ αn denotes the length of α ∈ Z+.) A series f is called divergent if it is not convergent. A divergent power series may still converge when restricted to a certain set of lines or planes through the origin. For example, Abhyankar and Moh [AM] considered the convergence set Conv(f) of a series f defined to be the set of all s ∈ C for which f(sz2, . . . , zn) converges as a series in (z2, . . . , zn). The convergence set of divergent series can be empty or an arbitrary countable set. Abhyankar and Moh proved that the one-dimensional Hausdorff measure of the convergence set of a divergent series is zero. In the case when n = 2, Pierre Lelong had earlier proved that if Conv(f) is not contained in an Fσ set of zero capacity then the series f is necessarily 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 32A05, 31A15; Secondary 31C15, 32D15.
Are foamy cells in atheromata of reticulo-endothelial origin?

SummaryAtherosclerosis was induced in rabbits by administration of cholesterol while the reticulo-endothelial cells were being laden with carbon. Carbon-laden phagocytes were not found in the atheromata.I am indebted to Messrs. John Owen and Henry West for technical assistance.
Accreditation Routines in a Demoralized School: Repairing, Expanding, and Striving For Improvement

800x600 800x600 Normal 0 21 false false false ES X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 The purpose of this paper was to explore how accreditation processes aided a school principal in making reform happen. Using routinized action theory (Feldman, 2000), we examined how the routines in school accreditation were used to transform what had been a demoralized, low performing middle school. This theoretical lens is important as it demonstrates that routinized actions can offer more than stabilizing elements in a school organization but also help administrators seeking to make change. We begin by describing the setting of Ironwood Middle School, presenting the research inquiry methods, and examining how accreditation processes enabled the school to move forward in the face of uncertainty and instability . Abstract The purpose of this paper was to explore how accreditation processes aided a school principal in making reform happen. Using routinized action theory (Feldman, 2000), we examined how the routines in school accreditation were used to transform what had been a demoralized, low performing middle school. This theoretical lens is important as it demonstrates that routinized actions can offer more than stabilizing elements in a school organization but also help administrators seeking to make change. We begin by describing the setting of Ironwood Middle School, presenting the research inquiry methods, and examining how accreditation processes enabled the school to move forward in the face of uncertainty and instability . Normal 0 21 false false false ES X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
Rapid kinetic measurements of second messenger formation in olfactory cilia from channel catfish.

The effect of stimulating olfactory cilia from the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) with odorant amino acids on the formation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) was studied in the subsecond time scale using a quenched flow technique. L-Alanine (L-Ala) and L-cysteine (L-Cys) (100 microM) elicited a transient elevation in IP3 levels that peaked at 25 ms. In contrast, even at high concentration a mixture of odorant amino acids (1 mM L-Ala, L-Cys, L-norleucine, L-glutamate, L-proline, and L-arginine) did not elicit a change in cAMP levels in this time scale and caused only relatively slow and minor increases in cGMP. The dose-response relationship for the IP3 response of L-Cys and L-Ala in the range from 10 nM to 1 mM is consistent with previous electrophysiological and ligand binding experiments. Odorant amino acid-stimulated IP3 formation was GTP dependent and was inhibited by guanosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate), suggesti...
[Comparative analysis of three diarrhea-household-surveys in Guangxi].

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics and the effects of control measurements in Guangxi by comparing the results from diarrhea-household-surveys conducted in the three different periods of time and to develop control strategies. Methods Data on the incidence, health care seeking and treatment of diarrhea from three household surveys conducted in 1988, 1995 and 2007 was analyzed using SPSS (version 13.0). Results The incidence rates of diarrhea over the three periods of time were 0.562, 0.456 and 0.221 per person-year, respectively (P<0.001). No significant difference was found in the incidence between males and females. The disease mainly attacked young age groups and those with lower educational levels. In recent years, longer durations of disease but less severe were observed in patients with diarrhea. The patients mainly visited first line health services with a health care seeking rate of 28.3%. Antibiotics were used by most of the patients (49.8%-90.2%), while the rate of using oral rehydrathon salts(ORS) was only 1.4%-11.5% but the use of traditional Chinese medicines has increased. Intake of untreated water, contaminated foods and contact with patients were important risk factors on diarrhea. Conclusion The prevalence of diarrhea in Guangxi had declined and the health seeking rate was low in the past two decades. It is necessary to further regulate the treatment, in order to strengthen the health education programs to the general population, in order to improve the accessibility of health services and to increase both the health care seeking rate and effective diagnosis rate. Key words: Diarrhea diseases; Incidence rate; Health care seeking; Treatment
Quantitative Comparative Kinetics of 1-Hexene Polymerization across Group IV Bis-Phenolate Catalysts

The kinetics of 1-hexene polymerization using a series of three Ti amine bis-phenolate catalysts, Ti[tBu-ONXO]Bn2 (X = THF (1), pyridine (2), NMe2 (3)), were investigated and compared to analogous Zr and Hf complexes. A model-based approach using a diverse set of data (including monomer consumption, molecular weight evolution, etc.) was employed to determine the reaction specific rate constants of the simplest mechanism. These catalysts exhibited similar mechanisms that include the elementary reaction steps of initiation, propagation via 1,2-insertion, misinsertion via 2,1-insertion, recovery from misinsertion by 1,2-insertion, and monomer independent chain transfer. Rate constants of the Ti catalysts are typically lower than those of the Hf and the Zr catalysts by 1 and 2 orders of magnitude, respectively. The percentage of regioerrors follows the trend of Ti > Hf > Zr for catalyst 1 while the trend of Ti > Zr > Hf occurs for catalysts 2 and 3. The ratio of the propagation rate to the termination rate at...
PVDetector: a detector of privacy-policy violations for Android apps

Many Android apps heavily depend on collecting and sharing sensitive privacy information, such as device ID, location, and postal address, to provide service and value. To protect user privacy, apps are typically required by market places to provide privacy policies informing users about how their private information will be processed. In this paper, we present PVDetector, an automatic tool that analyzes Android apps to detect privacy-policy violations, i.e., inconsistencies between an app’s data collection code and the corresponding description in its privacy policy.
Does the Pathologist Have an Influence on the Performance of Diagnostic Testing for Celiac Disease

Diagnosis of early celiac disease is often delayed due to subtle clinical symptoms and the pathologist's unawareness of the importance of diagnosing and reporting delicate duodenal biopsy changes. We studied the outcomes of a gastroenterologist requesting a check for celiac and the pathologic diagnosis of a borderline or intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in duodenal biopsies with Marsh grade 1 histopathology in …
Multiple Endpoints in the Assessment of Non-Invasive Technology

In 1966, $42.1 billion or 5.9 percent of the Gross National Product (GNP) was spent on health care. By fiscal year 1976, health care spending had more than tripled — growing to $139.9 billion — and consumed about 8.6 percent of the GNP. (See Washington Post, May 8, 1977, p. Al et seq.) Between 1965 and 1974, according to a congressional estimate, half of the 27.7 billion increase in hospital care costs could be accounted for directly or indirectly by the introduction of new medical technology as cited by Culliton (1977). Despite these large dollar increases, data showing that more spending has resulted in improved health are unavailable. The biomedical community and clinical medicine especially can no longer afford the luxury of costly development, wasted initial expenditure, and ultimate attrition by disrepute — a sequence characterized in gastric freezing techniques for the control of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and in hyperbaric oxygen chambers, to name two fairly recent medical fiascos.
Engineering Sustainability, Needs for Metrology and Standards

International and national trades critically rest on standards provided by reputable standards organization, some of them are government laboratories, others nongovernmental. Products or process systems that can be claimed as sustainable and that change hands or cross borders must have their quality credibly supported by measurement standards. International organizations such as ISO and others have been producing documents to guide the development of such standards. The system of standards for sustainability is not mature yet, and much research needs to be conducted to provide common and acceptable standards. A conceptual framework for standards for sustainability has been proposed here. It provides ideas on the development of methods that would be useful for building standards.
The Search Engine for Multi-Proteoform Complexes: An Online Tool for the Identification and Stoichiometry Determination of Protein Complexes

Recent advances in top-down mass spectrometry using native electrospray now enable the analysis of intact protein complexes with relatively small sample amounts in an untargeted mode. Here, we describe how to characterize both homo- and heteropolymeric complexes with high molecular specificity using input data produced by tandem mass spectrometry of whole protein assemblies. The tool described is a "search engine for multi-proteoform complexes," (SEMPC) and is available for free online. The output is a list of candidate multi-proteoform complexes and scoring metrics, which are used to define a distinct set of one or more unique protein subunits, their overall stoichiometry in the intact complex, and their pre- and post-translational modifications. Thus, we present an approach for the identification and characterization of intact protein complexes from native mass spectrometry data. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sowing the Seeds of Diplomacy on Hard American Ground

Diplomacy is a neglected field in American higher education. Both practitioners and academics have repeatedly cast the seeds to grow the discipline in the United States, but with limited germination. Although diplomacy curricula are rare, courses do exist. Following a review of 75 syllabuses and lengthy interviews with many of their authors, this article’s author finds that academics and practitioners teaching the limited number of diplomacy courses make very different choices in content and pedagogy. Drawing on over 25 years of diplomatic practice followed by twenty years teaching at the college level, she evaluates why the main institutions of American society do not support diplomacy as either a profession or a field of study. The article argues that the few ‘resident gardeners’ rarely stray from their own plots to ‘fieldscape’ together in hard American ground.
Phase Diagram Determination

To determine the solid-state portion of a binary phase diagram by x-ray diffraction methods.
Emergency general surgery in pregnancy

It is often that the acute care surgeon will be called on to evaluate the pregnant patient with abdominal pain. Most of the diagnostic and management decisions regarding pregnant patients will follow the usual tenets of surgery; however, there are important differences in the pregnant patient to be aware of to avoid pitfalls which can lead to complications for both mother and fetus. This review hopes to describe the most common emergencies facing the surgeon caring for the pregnant patient and the latest management options.
A dynamic method of citizen preference revelation

In this article we explore two citizen-based approaches to solving the problem of selecting a desirable level of public goods for a jurisdiction. The first approach seeks to inform decision-makers about citizens’ preferences by observing the choices of citizens faced with the actual budget constraint facing the government and asking them to choose service levels within that constraint. The second approach gauges citizens’ willingness-to-pay for their share of the cost of a desired level of public expenditure. In an effort to foster discussion and research into new modes of citizen participation in resource allocation we pose a model that combines both the constraints of the jurisdiction with the tax share of the respondent into a survey methodology that will reveal the underlying demand for government services in ways that are useful for public managers.
Synthesis of Oligosaccharide Components of the Outer Core Domain of P. aeruginosa Lipopolysaccharide Using a Multifunctional Hydroquinone-Derived Reducing-End Capping Group

The synthesis of a trisaccharide (common to glycoform I and II) and a tetrasaccharide (common to glycoform I) from the outer core domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using a novel hydroquinone-based reducing-end capping group is reported. This multifunctional capping group was utilized as purification handle and was stable toward many common transformations in oligosaccharide synthesis. The access to outer-core LPS antigens with a TBDPS-protected hydroquinone (TPH) at the reducing end will be useful for glycan array and therapeutic glycoconjugate synthesis.
Light-Front \(\varvec{\phi ^4_{1+1}}\) Theory Using a Many-Boson Symmetric-Polynomial Basis

We extend earlier work on fully symmetric polynomials for three-boson wave functions to arbitrarily many bosons and apply these to a light-front analysis of the low-mass eigenstates of \(\phi ^4\) theory in 1+1 dimensions. The basis-function approach allows the resolution in each Fock sector to be independently optimized, which can be more efficient than the preset discrete Fock states in DLCQ. We obtain an estimate of the critical coupling for symmetry breaking in the positive mass-squared case.
Percutaneous Thermal Ablation of Spine Metastasis

As patients with cancer are living longer, metastatic spine disease is becoming an ever-increasing burden in the oncology patient. While radiation is the current standard of care for painful metastatic spinal disease without associated mechanical instability or neurologic symptoms, radiation therapy alone may lead to insufficient pain relief and inadequate tumor control and may not prevent vertebral collapse. Furthermore, radiation therapy can lead to complications ranging from mild (e.g., skin irritation) to severe (e.g., postradiation myelopathy). As such, alternative minimally invasive, image-guided treatment strategies that do not interfere with systemic therapies have been developed to improve outcomes for this patient population. Two such modalities, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and cryoablation, have demonstrated to be particularly useful tools for this endeavor. In this chapter, we will discuss the current indications for RFA and cryoablation in the treatment of spinal metastases and how each technique is performed. We also present the most current evidence regarding each modality’s efficacy in the treatment of patients with spinal metastases and the importance of supplemental cement augmentation. A discussion of their limitations and risk profiles will be provided so as to emphasize that a fundamental working knowledge of ablation principles and technologies is needed to perform these techniques safely.
An approach to directly link ICA and seed-based functional connectivity: Application to schizophrenia

Independent component analysis (ICA) and seed-based analyses are widely used techniques for studying intrinsic neuronal activity in task-based or resting scans. In this work, we show there is a direct link between the two, and show that there are some important differences between the two approaches in terms of what information they capture. We developed an enhanced connectivity-matrix independent component analysis (cmICA) for calculating whole brain voxel maps of functional connectivity, which reduces the computational complexity of voxel-based connectivity analysis on performing many temporal correlations. We also show there is a mathematical equivalency between parcellations on voxel-to-voxel functional connectivity and simplified cmICA. Next, we used this cost-efficient data-driven method to examine the resting state fMRI connectivity in schizophrenia patients (SZ) and healthy controls (HC) on a whole brain scale and further quantified the relationship between brain functional connectivity and cognitive performances measured by the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) battery. Current results suggest that SZ exhibit a wide-range abnormality, primarily a decrease, in functional connectivity both between networks and within different network hubs. Specific functional connectivity decreases were associated with MATRICS performance deficits. In addition, we found that resting state functional connectivity decreases was extensively associated with aging regardless of groups. In contrast, there was no relationship between positive and negative symptoms in the patients and functional connectivity. In sum, we have developed a novel mathematical relationship between ICA and seed-based connectivity that reduces computational complexity, which has broad applicability, and showed a specific application of this approach to characterize connectivity changes associated with cognitive scores in SZ.
Sex, Gender, and Evolution Beyond Genes

Gene-centered explanations of (a) how traits develop in individuals and (b) why traits evolve by natural selection have led to a view of the sexes that is equally deterministic and inflexible. Biologists now recognize that “nature” versus “nurture” is a false dichotomy, and similarly, feminist biologists have debunked many stereotyped views of sex by shedding light on the vast amount of variation in sex, sex determination, sex hormones, primary and secondary sex traits, and sex roles. However, while biologists have begun to move past gene-centric views of evolution, response to deterministic views of the evolution of sex and gender has been less pronounced. Furthermore, the idea that the sexes act in such a way as to get their genes into the next generation has led some scientists and many media outlets to paint a picture of a human nature where evolution has shaped promiscuous, sex-hungry males and coy, resource-vying females. Can the new tools that have challenged the gene-centric view of evolution also apply to evolution of sex and gender? In this article I will take on this question and outline how a perspective encompassing adaptive flexibility provides a nuanced and less deterministic view of sexual selection in nonhuman organisms and humans.
TREES AND ACOUSTICS IN URBAN AREAS

Noise is propagated mainly in the lower atmosphere, where refraction of the wave front is controlled by the temperature and wind profiles. The level of noise is determined primarily by spherical spreading and refraction; surface properties play limited roles. Barriers in general fail at night because of refraction over the barrier and into the "protected" space. However, trees and shrubs, particularly when used with land forms and structures, can play a significant physical role in noise control in suburban and rural areas.
Fetal Tissues and Autacoid Biosynthesis in Relation to the Initiation of Parturition and Implantation

The concept that the fetus may regulate the initiation or course of parturition was first expounded over 100 years ago by Speigelberg (cited by Thornburn1). The communication between the fetus and the maternal compartment, particularly in humans, may well be mediated via the amniotic fluid to the amnion tissue. Amnion, in turn, may transduce a signal or signals via the chorion laeve and decidua vera tissues to the myometrium, which ultimately results in the rhythmic contraction of this tissue as well as softening of the cervix. As will be discussed, amnion tissue is ideally suited to be the recipient of such a signal from the fetus via the amniotic fluid. In addition, the amplification of such information may also be a function of this tissue.
Tame imbedding in R 2

Let S 2 be a 2-sphere, that is, a space homeomorphic to the “standard 2-sphere” $${S^2} = \left\{ {\left( {x,y,z} \right)|{x^2} + {y^2} + {z^2} = 1} \right\} = Bd\,{B^3}\, \subset \,{R^3}.$$
Why is Financial Reporting so Inefficient

Those who know do not tell; those who tell do not know. Lao TseIn earlier papers (Hakansson, 1977, 1981), the equilibrium properties of two financial disclosure scenarios, “laissez-faire” and “timely public disclosure” were compared. The analysis showed that, measured in welfare space, the incentives of only two groups, less well-to-do subscribing investors and nonsubscribing investors (who tend to be “small” in terms of their resources) prefer the second scenario even though it results in greater aggregate output across states. The incentives of management, information searchers, and more well-to-do investors favor a “wide window” between significant events affecting the firm and their public disclosure, at least in the short run. The “cost” of this scenario is that it draws a sizable group of talented people from the productive sector into “scooping” information before its eventual disclosure. It is noteworthy that a regulatory solution is likely to further reduce, not improve, the productive efficiency...
Team-based Coverage Control of Moving Sensor Networks with Uncertain Measurements

This paper addresses the problem of deploying teams of heterogeneous agents to cover a given environment, where individual agents have access to inaccurate position (measurement) of other agents. Due to their heterogeneity, different uncertainty regions are considered for the agents. A team-based approach is proposed here to minimize an objective function, defined with respect to the probability of events to occur in the environment. The main goal is to take into account inaccurate position information in the design of a control strategy, which is robust and can hence avoid a significant degradation in the coverage performance. To this end, the minimum of all possible distances between agents is considered as the modified distance measure. The immediate consequence of the uncertainty in the agent localization is that the environment is partitioned among teams to avoid overlapping of assigned regions to neighboring teams. The regions assigned to teams is then partitioned among members by implementing a control law with respect to the modified distance measure for avoiding collision. Finally, numerical simulation results examine the effectiveness of the proposed robust team-based partitioning method. Two examples are provided, each of which focuses on a different aspect of heterogeneity in the presence of uncertainty in the data available to the agents.
What Gardens Grow: Outcomes from Home and Community Gardens Supported by Community-based Food Justice Organizations

Supporting home and community gardening is a core activity of many community-based organizations (CBOs) that are leading the food justice movement in the U.S. Using mixed methods across multiple action-research studies with five food justice CBOs, this paper documents myriad layers of benefits that gardening yields. Our participatory methods included conducting extensive case studies with five CBOs over five years; quantifying food harvests with 33 gardeners in Laramie, Wyoming, and surveying them about other gardening outcomes (20 responded); and conducting feasibility studies for assessing health impacts of gardening with two of the five CBOs, both in Wyoming. Analyses of these diverse data yielded four categories of gardening benefits: (1) improving health; (2) producing quality food in nutritionally meaningful quantities; (3) providing cultural services; and (4) fostering healing and transformation. Examining these results together illustrates a breadth of health, food, and cultural ecosystem services, and social change yields of home and community food gardening in these communities. It also points to the need to support CBOs in enabling household food production and to future research questions about what CBO strategies most enhance access to and benefits of gardening, especially in communities most hurt by racism and/or insufficient access to fresh food.
Should a Physician Offer Recommendations Based on Experience but Contrary to Current Practice Guidelines

This case of a patient whose physician refuses to prescribe statins for high cholesterol raises ethical issues about a physician's decision to offer clinical recommendations contrary to current practice guidelines. Our response summarizes social forces that have led to the rise of evidence-based medicine, the development of clinical guidelines, and the evolution of the roles of physicians and patients in decision making. We conclude that there are times when a physician can justifiably make a recommendation to a patient that contravenes a current clinical guideline. In making such a recommendation, we suggest that a physician should communicate a rationale for deviating from clinical guidelines and respect a patient's autonomy. We consider the need for and limitations of clinical guidelines, numerous factors influencing shared decision making, and key ethical principles of nonmaleficence and respect for patient autonomy.
Learner Agency in Musical Creative Process and Learning

Rooted in a sociocultural, constructivist perspective and extensive research into children’s creative process in music learning contexts, this chapter focuses on the central roles of personal and musical agency in music learners’ creative process. The authors take the perspective that performing, listening, and creating (composing and improvising) are all creative processes and provide some insight into the nature of musical creative engagement. Some examples from actual music learning/teaching situations are shared and discussed, considering the role(s) of the learners’ personal and musical agency in the process, what fostered or inhibited their learners’ in the situation, and the nature of the learning that took place as a result. The chapter closes with a discussion of implications of these ideas for music education practice in a range of settings.
Precision Plating of Human Electrogenic Cells on Microelectrodes Enhanced With Precision Electrodeposited Nano-Porous Platinum for Cell-Based Biosensing Applications

Microelectrode Arrays are established platforms for biosensing applications; however, limitations in electrode impedance and cell-electrode coupling still exist. In this paper, the SNR of $25~\mu \text{m}$ diameter gold (Au) microelectrodes was improved by decreasing the impedance with precision electrodeposition. SEM determined that N-P Pt. microelectrodes had nano-porous structures that filled the insulation cylinders. EIS, CV, and RMS noise measurements concluded that the optimized electrodeposition of N-P Pt. led to a lowered impedance of $18.36~\text {k}\Omega \pm 2.6~\text {k}\Omega $ at 1 kHz, a larger double layer capacitance of 73 nF, and lowered RMS noise of $2.08 \pm 0.16~\mu \text{V}$ as compared to the values for Au of $159~\text {k}\Omega \pm 28~\text {k}\Omega $ at 1 kHz, 17nF, and $3.14 \pm 0.42~\mu \text{V}$ , respectively. Human motoneurons and human cardiomyocytes were cultured on N-P Pt. devices to assess their biocompatibility and signal quality. In order to improve the cell-electrode coupling, a precision plating technique was used. Both cell types were electrically active on devices for up to 10 weeks, demonstrated improved SNR, and expected responses to precision chemical and electrical stimulation. The modification of Au microelectrodes with nanomaterials in combination with precision culturing of human cell types provides cost effective, highly sensitive, well coupled and relevant biosensing platforms for medical and pharmaceutical research. [2018-0187]
Modeling minimum detectable activity as a function of detector speed

A radiation detector’s sensitivity is important when designing survey plans. A measure of sensitivity is minimum detectable activity (MDA) which is the lowest amount of activity required for a signal to be distinguished above background. It has been known for some time that the efficiency of a moving detector can be improved by slowing the speed of travel. The Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site Investigation Manual describes but does not quantify this effect. Decreased efficiency at higher speeds results in higher MDAs and thus less sensitive detectors. The purpose of this research is to specifically define the relationship between detector MDA and speed. Python was employed to calculate solid angle from equations developed by Masket and MCNP6.1 simulations were used to determine detection efficiency for a moving detector. Using these results efficiency as a function of detector travel speed was fit to a modified four-parameter logistic function (M4PL). The result of this work is a well defined relationship that can be used to predict MDA as a function of speed. The relationship can also be used by operators to determine the optimum speed needed to meet a predefined MDA. Understanding this relationship between detector speed and efficiency will improve detector performance in remediation efforts and national security search operations. The M4PL function developed in this research allows optimizing remediation and wide-area radiation survey activities by setting maximum survey speed to meet a predetermined MDA.
Comparisons between geotextile pore sizes obtained from capillary flow and dry sieving tests

In the United States of America, two standard methods of measuring the largest pore size of a geotextile have been accepted: Dry Sieving Test (ASTM D4751, Standard Test Methods for Determining Apparent Opening Size of a Geotextile) and Capillary Flow Test (ASTM D6767, Standard Test Method for Pore Size Characteristics of Geotextiles by Capillary Flow Test). Despite several drawbacks of Dry Sieving Tests, such as the amount of time required; tendency of glass beads to become trapped, including trapping of glass beads inside the geotextiles; likelihood of imprecise preparation of glass beads; and potential electrostatic effects, the largest pore size (apparent opening size [AOS], O95) results obtained from Dry Sieving Test still determines many filtration criteria. Although the Capillary Flow Test was approved in 2002, it is still not widely adopted, despite the fact that it provides the largest pore size (Bubble Point, O98) and a complete pore size distribution of a geotextile. Decades of analyses searched for a correlation between the Dry Sieving and Capillary Flow Test results; however, none of them have been widely accepted because of the limited number of geotextiles used and a lack of proper calibration. The current study investigates a possible correlation between the Dry Sieving and Capillary Flow Test results with 51 woven, nonwoven, and composite geotextiles. The Capillary Flow Porometer was calibrated using four thin metal plates with known pore openings and two membranes. This study describes the challenges experienced during the Capillary Flow Test and factors affecting the test results. One finding is that the cleaning of calibration materials and equipment with Methanol plays an important role in the Capillary Flow Test results. The use of different shape factors, contact angles, and wetting liquids in the analyses are also considered. The outliers of Capillary Flow Test results were removed from the analysis using a box plot and whisker diagram, and a good correlation between AOS and Bubble Point (R2 = 0.78) was established.
Scaling Relations in Modular Process Design

Abstract This paper deals with the issue of modularization of chemical plants, defined in the sense of designing smaller-capacity facilities (“modules”) that could be used to process geographically-distributed resources or serve distributed customers. Using established scaling relations, it is demonstrated that technologies that scale up well (i.e., for which capital cost increases sublinearly with capacity) scale down poorly, and vice versa. A further analysis of scale-down and modularization is carried out from the perspective of scaling of individual unit operations and their contribution to the plant cost stack. Following the same line of reasoning, it is shown that units that scale down well will scale up poorly and vice-versa. On this basis, it is argued that scaling relations can be used not only to guide the design of modular processes based on existing technology, but also to direct research towards new designs that alleviate the cost problems associated with units that have poor scale-down characteristics. These concepts are briefly illustrated by analyzing the scale-down of the reactor present in an ammonia plant.
Qualidade da referenciação dos cuidados de saúde primários para a consulta de cefaleias de um hospital terciário

Introducao : As cefaleias sao uma causa comum de procura dos cuidados de saude primarios, tendo reconhecido impacto na qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Caraterizar a referenciacao dos cuidados de saude primarios a consulta de cefaleias do servico de neurologia de um hospital terciario, no norte de Portugal, e inferir acerca da qualidade da sua informacao. Metodos : Estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal. A amostra compos-se de doentes referenciados pelo medico de familia para esta consulta, de outubro de 2014 a junho de 2018. Foram consultados os registos informaticos da referenciacao. Categorizaram-se qualitativamente as referenciacoes, tendo em conta o numero de variaveis descritas de um total de dez em estudo. Resultados: A amostra compreendeu 144 doentes, com media de idades de 39 anos e predominio de mulheres. Cerca de metade das referenciacoes nao classificou a cefaleia. Das restantes, a maioria eram cefaleias primarias: enxaqueca nao especificada (29,2%), enxaqueca com aura (7,6%) e cefaleia tipo tensao (5,6%). Os motivos de referenciacao mais frequentes foram a persistencia das queixas e a refratariedade ao tratamento (19,4%). Apesar disso, a maioria nao mencionou o tratamento sintomatico (58,3%) e preventivo (80,6%) realizado. O exame neurologico foi descrito em 23,6%. A realizacao de exame de imagem foi relatada em 47,2%. A qualidade das referenciacoes foi ma em 18,8%, insuficiente em 41,6%, razoavel em 32,0%, boa em 6,9% e excelente em 0,7%. Conclusao : Este estudo encontrou lacunas importantes ao nivel das referenciacoes, que podem ser otimizadas atraves de estrategias que aproximem os diferentes niveis de cuidados, para melhorar a qualidade dos servicos.
Formation and maturation of neuromuscular junctions

Abstract The term synapse, derived from the Greek syn- (together) and haptein (to clasp), was coined by Sir Charles S. Sherrington (1852–1952) to argue that a junction is the final destination for signals emanating from neurons. Since Sherrington's time, the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has been used to understand how synapses form, mature, and function. The NMJ is a large, easily accessible chemical synapse formed between an alpha-motor neuron, muscle fiber, and nonmyelinating Schwann cells. Because of these features and importance as the final output of the somatic motor system, there is a wealth of knowledge about the cellular, molecular, and functional changes the NMJ undergoes during development.
Successfully treated severe COVID-19 and invasive aspergillosis in early hematopoietic cell transplantation setting.

So far, we do not have any published database regarding HCT patients during the present pandemic. We herein describe the first case of COVID-19 presenting in the early hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) setting.
AN EVALUATION OF SEMEN PARAMETERS IN MEN WITH CONFIRMED COVID-19 INFECTION

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the semen parameters of men with COVID-19 infection Design: A prospective study was performed to evaluate the gross semen parameters in men with COVID-19 infection Samples of saliva and semen were collected and analyzed Materials and Methods: We included men age 18-70 years old who tested positive for COVID-19 Subjects were contacted about willingness to participate Packages with sterile specimen containers were mailed to the subject’s house with a preaddressed package included to return to our lab The semen then underwent gross semen analysis for volume, concentration, pH and motility Results: A total of 12 men were enrolled in the study with a median age of 35 5 (IQR = 19 5) (Table 1) The median duration of infection was 37 days (IQR = 21) and 2/12 (16 7%) had associated orchitis symptoms during the infective period For the 11/12 men who returned a semen specimen, median volume was 1 6cc (IQR = 1 65), median pH was 7 2 (IQR = 0 2), median concentration was 14 million/cc (IQR = 30 25), and median motility of 0% (IQR = 12 5) Conclusions: We evaluated 11 men’s gross semen parameters after confirmed infection with COVID-19 The median concentration for these men is abnormally low compared to World Health Organization guidelines, and further evaluation is needed to determine the impact that COVID-19 infection can have on the testis and for what duration [Formula presented]
On the Rigorous Derivation of the 2D Cubic Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation from 3D Quantum Many-Body Dynamics

We consider the 3D quantum many-body dynamics describing a dilute Bose gas with strong confinement in one direction. We study the corresponding Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon (BBGKY) hierarchy, which contains a diverging coefficient as the strength of the confining potential tends to ∞. We find that this diverging coefficient is counterbalanced by the limiting structure of the density matrices and we establish the convergence of the BBGKY hierarchy. Moreover, we prove that the limit is fully described by a 2D cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLS) and we obtain the exact 3D to 2D coupling constant.
Pseudospectra and Inverse Pseudospectra

This is a fundamental chapter of the book. It deals with networks, which are here considered as graphs, and is built on the theory developed in the previous chapter, on matrices.
Current approaches to management of high-risk multiple myeloma

The median overall survival in multiple myeloma is rapidly approaching 10 years; however, in nearly a fifth of patients the prognosis remains poor. Therefore, the modern-day management of myeloma patients should be individualized, with more intense and continuous approach in these high-risk patients. This includes first-line treatment based on multi-drug combinations employing the most effective drugs combinations, upfront autologous stem cell transplantation (in eligible patients with tandem transplantation being a consideration), and maintenance based on proteasome inhibitor-based combinations. This paper reviews the results of recent retrospective analyses and clinical trials, but also gives a glance into future by presenting the ongoing trials. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Triple targeting of breast tumors driven by hormonal receptors and HER2.

Breast cancers that express hormonal receptors (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) display resistance to targeted therapy. Tumor-promotional signaling from the HER2 and estrogen receptor (ER) pathways converge at the cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) 4 and 6 complex, which drives cell cycle progression and development of therapeutic resistance. Therefore, we hypothesized that co-targeting of ER, HER2, and CDK4/6 may result in improved tumoricidal activity and suppress drug resistant subclones that arise on therapy. We tested the activity of the triple targeted combination therapy with tucatinib (HER2 small molecule inhibitor), palbociclib (CKD4/6 inhibitor), and fulvestrant (selective ER degrader) in HR+/HER2+ human breast tumor cell lines and xenograft models. Additionally, we evaluated whether triple targeted combination prevents growth of tucatinib or palbociclib resistant subclones in vitro and in vivo. Triple targeted combination significantly reduced HR+/HER2+ tumor cell viability, clonogenic survival, and in vivo growth. Moreover, survival of HR+/HER2+ cells that were resistant to the third drug in the regimen was reduced by the other two drugs in combination. We propose that a targeted triple combination approach will be clinically effective in the treatment of otherwise drug resistant tumors, inducing robust responses in patients.
Dalitz plot and other plots

Consider either a production reaction or the decay of a particle leading to a final state consisting of three or more particles. If one has a sample of events of such a character, a question arises as to how to analyze the data to obtain useful information about the final state. One possibility is to calculate the invariant energy or mass★ of two of the final state particles and to plot the number of pairs vs. the mass of a pair. Another possibility is to plot the angular distribution of one of the particles or the angular correlation between two of them. Both of these examples are plots of a frequency vs. a single variable of interest.