cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Poultry producer's willingness to invest in on-farm carcass disposal

SUMMARY Foreign animal diseases (FAD) can cause substantial economic losses in production, consumption, and the supply chain. These diseases are typically highly pathogenic and lead to disruptions in normal business practices and to demands for higher investment in biosecurity practices. For poultry producers this can lead to changes in bird pick-ups, chick placements, and length of out time on farms as well as changes in day-to-day operations. When an FAD is reported, poultry producers that rely on off-premises carcass disposal (e.g., renderers or landfills) may be required to develop on-farm disposal capacity (e.g., incinerators or burial) rapidly if their operation falls within movement restriction zones. While preemptive planning is suggested, not all producers have an environmentally approved plan given disruptions in business continuity. This study estimated poultry producers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for on-farm carcass disposal methods for routine, non-catastrophic mortality during an FAD outbreak to understand what factors contribute to the investment decision. Poultry producers were surveyed about their operations’ characteristics, their disease perceptions, and were presented with a hypothetical disease scenario. The estimated mean WTP for additional disposal capacity was $15,651. Besides indicating that a market for on-farm carcass disposal exists, our findings also provide information that can be used when creating policy to simultaneously incentivize farm-level biosecurity and carcass disposal protocols while continuing to encourage disease reporting, which together, improves overall livestock disease management in the United States.
Sustained local anesthetic release from bioerodible polymer matrices: a potential method for prolonged regional anesthesia

Polyanhydride polymer matrices have been used successfully for sustained release of a number of drugs in vitro and in vivo. Dibucaine free base, dibucaine HCl, and bupivacaine HCl were incorporated into polymer matrices with copolymer 1,3-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)propane-sebacic acid anhydride (1:4). Drug release was measured in vitro following incubation of the drug-polymer matrices in phosphate buffered solution, pH 7.4, at 37 degrees C, to approximate in vivo conditions. Local anesthetics were released in a sustained manner yielding 90% cumulative drug release over periods ranging from 3 to 14 days. The kinetics of release varied with both the choice of local anesthetic and the method of drug incorporation into the matrix (hot melt versus compression molding). Polymer local anesthetic matrix devices (PLAM), loaded by hot melt incorporation with 20% bupivacaine, were implanted in vivo adjacent to the sciatic nerve in three rats. Reversible neural blockade was observed for 4 days in all animals. Polymer implants without local anesthetic showed no neural blockade. This technology could lead to methods of prolonged blockade of peripheral nerves or of sympathetic ganglia, which may be utilized for the management of postoperative pain, sympathetically maintained pain, or certain forms of chronic pain.
Vibrational and rotational transitions in low-energy electron-diatomic-molecule collisions. I - Close-coupling theory in the moving body-fixed frame. II - Hybrid theory and close-coupling theory: An /l subscript z-prime/-conserving close-coupling approximation

A detailed vibrational-rotational (V-R) close-coupling formulation of electron-diatomic-molecule scattering is developed in which the target molecular axis is chosen to be the z-axis and the resulting coupled differential equation is solved in the moving body-fixed frame throughout the entire interaction region. The coupled differential equation and asymptotic boundary conditions in the body-fixed frame are given for each parity, and procedures are outlined for evaluating V-R transition cross sections on the basis of the body-fixed transition and reactance matrix elements. Conditions are discussed for obtaining identical results from the space-fixed and body-fixed formulations in the case where a finite truncated basis set is used. The hybrid theory of Chandra and Temkin (1976) is then reformulated, relevant expressions and formulas for the simultaneous V-R transitions of the hybrid theory are obtained in the same forms as those of the V-R close-coupling theory, and distorted-wave Born-approximation expressions for the cross sections of the hybrid theory are presented. A close-coupling approximation that conserves the internuclear axis component of the incident electronic angular momentum (l subscript z-prime) is derived from the V-R close-coupling formulation in the moving body-fixed frame.
Evaluation of nutritional status and pathophysiology of growth retardation in patients with phenylketonuria.

Summary: Recent European studies have shown that growth retardation is common in people with phenylketonuria (PKU) during the first years of life while they receive a low-phenylalanine (Phe) diet. The aims of the present study were to assess the growth of our PKU patients and to search for nutritional and hormonal explanations for the growth delay. Twenty PKU patients aged 8 months to 7 years entered the study. The design was cross-sectional, a longitudinal study having already been performed in our centre. The following data were recorded: weight/height (W/H), height/age (H/A), and weight/age (W/A) Z-scores; fat-free mass (measured from bioelectrical impedometry (FFM1), and skinfold thickness (FFMA). Thyroid hormones, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP3), selenium, zinc, and Phe blood levels were measured. Dietary intake was also recorded over 4 days. PKU patients were moderately but significantly shorter (H/A Z-score varied from −2.12 to 1.61; mean −0.49) and lighter (W/A Z-score varied from −2.58 to 1.49; mean −0.71) than the French reference population. Body composition was not different from that of controls matched for age and sex. IGF1, IGFBP3, and thyroid hormone levels were within normal range. All children received more than two-thirds of the recommended daily allowances for energy (91%±18%) and for proteins (146%±26%). The mean daily intake of our patients was sufficient in selenium, but markedly deficient in zinc (2.4±2.2 mg/day). No correlation was found between zinc daily intake or zinc plasma levels and growth retardation. Moreover, no relation was found between the plasma Phe concentrations, protein or caloric intake and the presence of growth retardation. Our results show that growth retardation in PKU patients is not related to hormonal or caloric deficiencies. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of various nutrient supplementation regimens (especially zinc) on the growth of PKU patients.
WATER FOR OIL SHALE.: Some Institutional Alternatives for Water Allocation in Arid Rural Regions

Although there may be as many as 600 billion barrels of recoverable oil locked up in the shale formations of the Rocky Mountains, the price of extraction of this oil will be high. The oil companies are unanimous in their view that the enormous risks involved in developing the industry should not be borne by the companies alone. Some kind of government subsidy, they say, is essential. A large scale oil shale industry will also have significant effects upon the clean air, water, and unique quality of life on the west slope of Colorado. A carefully constructed decision-making process is needed in order to make fundamental resource allocation decisions. The paper approaches the problem of development vs. the environment--by looking at one piece of it: water-intensive energy development in an arid rural area, in hopes of shedding some light on the range of institutional alternatives for making resource allocation decisions. The first section deals with the region itself; its resources and water supply capability, and at the projected impacts of a fully developed oil shale industry on the water resource. Then, with this context, the final section presents several examples of institutional allocation mechanisms that may suggest a conceptual rangemore » of approaches to resource allocation problems. (GMC)« less
TACTIC: Trans-Agency Consortium for Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy

Trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) includes heterogeneous coagulopathic syndromes with different underlying causes, and treatment is challenged by limited diagnostic tests to discriminate between these entities in the acute setting. We provide an overview of progress in understanding the mechanisms of TIC and the context for several of the hypotheses that will be tested in 'TACTIC'. Although connected to ongoing clinical trials in trauma, TACTIC itself has no intent to conduct clinical trials. We do anticipate that 'early translation' of promising results will occur. Functions anticipated at this early translational level include: (i) basic science groundwork for future therapeutic candidates; (ii) development of acute coagulopathy scoring systems; (iii) coagulation factor composition-based computational analysis; (iv) characterization of novel analytes including tissue factor, polyphosphates, histones, meizothrombin and α-thrombin-antithrombin complexes, factor XIa, platelet and endothelial markers of activation, signatures of protein C activation and fibrinolysis markers; and (v) assessment of viscoelastic tests and new point-of-care methods.
Temporal Changes in Migratory Bird Use of Edges During Spring and Fall Seasons in Pennsylvania

Abstract Edge created through forest fragmentation can have significant impacts on the avian community, increasing predation and nest-parasitism rates and changing species richness and abundance patterns near edges. Although considerable research has demonstrated edge effects during the breeding season, few studies have considered how proximity to an edge affects migrant communities in stopover habitat. We studied bird communities in southern Pennsylvania (Adams, Chester, and Montgomery counties) to determine if richness and abundance of migrants were impacted by edges during spring and fall 1999–2001. The three categories of study sites were north-facing forest-herbaceous edges, south-facing forest-herbaceous edges, and interior forest (>300 m from an edge); sites were located in Gettysburg National Military Park-Eisenhower National Historic Site (GETT-EISE) and Valley Forge National Historical Park. During fall migration, Nearctic-Neotropic migrant species richness was significantly (P = 0.03) higher in...
On Accuracy of Keystroke Authentications Based on Commonly Used English Words

The aim of this research is to advance the user active authentication using keystroke dynamics. Through this research, we assess the performance and influence of various keystroke features on keystroke dynamics authentication systems. In particular, we investigate the performance of keystroke features on a subset of most frequently used English words. The performance of four features such as i) key duration, ii) flight time latency, iii) digraph time latency, and iv) word total time duration are analyzed. Experiments are performed to measure the performance of each feature individually as well as the results from the different subsets of these features. Four machine learning techniques are employed for assessing keystroke authentications. The selected classification methods are two-class support vector machine (TC) SVM, one-class support vector machine (OC) SVM, k-nearest neighbor classifier (K-NN), and Naive Bayes classifier (NB). The logged experimental data are captured for 28 users. The experimental results show that key duration time offers the best performance result among all four keystroke features, followed by word total time. Furthermore, our results show that TC SVM and KNN perform the best among the four classifiers.
Reductions of instantaneous power by ripple scan clocking

The exponential increase in the number of transistors implemented in integrated circuits in each new generation of CMOS technology is causing an explosion not only in functional power consumption but in test power consumption as well. Although most research has focused mainly on reducing average power or the total energy consumed during test, instantaneous power consumption is also increasing and posing a serious threat for the ability of a chip to be tested in a manufacturing test floor - or worse in field testing using built-in-self test (BIST) where battery-powered applications lack the supply voltage robustness of automated test equipment (ATE). In this paper, a flip-flop design is proposed that is the cornerstone of a novel scan clocking architecture inspired by the need to reduce instantaneous power during scan.
Simulation of chemical-vapor-deposited silicon carbide for a cold wall vertical reactor

Abstract The growth rate of silicon carbide obtained by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition from tetramethylsilane is numerically simulated for a cold wall vertical reactor. The transport equations for momentum, heat, and mass transfer are simultaneously solved by employing the finite volume method. A model for reaction rate is also proposed in order to predict the measured growth rates [A. Figueras, S. Garelik, J. Santiso, R. Rodroguez-Clemente, B. Armas, C. Combescure, R. Berjoan, J.M. Saurel and R. Caplain, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 11 (1992) 83]. Finally, the effects of thermal diffusion on the growth rate are investigated.
Time gated optical imaging for functional and structural imaging

We investigated the performances of time-gated dataset to perform functional DOT in a synthetic murine model. The light propagation model used was based on the Monte Carlo method for accuracy. It is found that time-gates provide superior performances compared to classical approaches. Especially, time gates allow for efficient separation between absorption and scattering heterogeneities with minimal cross-talk.
Functional architecture framework for instrumentation systems

This paper presents a tailored functional architecture framework to guide the definition of integrated instrumentation/sensor systems (incorporating communications media, interconnections and signal acquisition). The functional architecture framework defines a taxonomy for integrated instrumentation/sensor systems (ISS) and supports morphological variations on the functional elements. The ISS functional architecture framework focuses attention on the sensor system interfaces and transformations of the sensed parameters as the key to the definition and categorisation of new configurations and implementations of ISS.
Fast blind-signal separation for multiuser interference rejection in smart antenna arrays

Spread spectrum modulation techniques such as frequency-hopped code division multiple access (FH-CDMA) are an efficient way to allow multi-user transmission over a limited bandwidth. Recently, there has been a push to increase user capacity over the same bandwidth. In particular, smart antenna arrays have been studied for their capacity gain potential. In this regard, we propose the use of blind signal separation for recovery of signals received through an antenna array. To implement this technique requires the antenna array vectors to be stationary which does not hold in FH-CDMA, so we also propose a new method for frequency compensation. We present the theoretical details of the frequency compensation and compare its performance to no frequency compensation. We then present the blind signal separation algorithm applied to a complex antenna array matrix and complex signals with noise and show in simulation that the blind signal separation works.
Platelets in Thrombotic and Nonthrombotic Disorders |[ndash]| Pathophysiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Platelets in Thrombotic and Nonthrombotic Disorders – Pathophysiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics
The Activity of Paricutin Volcano: ABSTRACT

During the 5½ years since its birth Paricutin Volcano has been constantly active, with lava issuing at a remarkably uniform rate and ash and bombs somewhat less uniformly. In the first two years the dense ash eruptions destroyed many thousands of acres of crops, pastures, and forests in the area near the volcano, while ash-laden flood waters caused damage well outside the immediate area. During the past three years the less continuous ash eruptions have permitted a limited agricultural and biological recovery in the marginal zones, although some processes, such as erosion, continue almost unchecked. The current investigation of the geochemical activity and eruptive behavior of Paricutin and of the petrology of its ash deposits and lava flows is for the purpose of adding to our knowledge of the poorly understood processes of volcanic eruptions and ore formation. Because the volcano area is itself a giant natural laboratory, it has been the object of a variety of studied--some of them of a continuous nature--not only in geology and geophysics, but also in biology, geography, agriculture, and other natural sciences. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2315------------
Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians: From George Grove to the “New Grove”

The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians has been on the shelf for two years now, and the pride and excitement I felt when it first appeared, due to my small contributions to its content and completion, have not diminished. As a reference librarian, I use it constantly myself and with patrons to answer a wide spectrum of questions. As a cataloger, I turn to it for birth and death dates, help in establishing names and uniform titles, and for the date of composition for music (to be stored in field 045 of the MARC format). As a researcher, I delve into it time and time again for the opinions of respected scholars and for data in worklists and bibliographies.
Legible skins: Animals and the ethics of medieval reading

This essay explores the impact on readers of the fact that medieval books are produced in a context involving the systematic exploitation of animals and written on parchment that is made from their skins. Connections sparked between this parchment support and the content of some of the texts copied on it can have uncanny effects, notably that, as skin, it becomes in fantasy a double of the readers’ own skin – for example, as an envelope, or as an opposing face. Texts discussed in this light include the Boucher d’Abbeville, Ysengrimus, and Sedulius Scottus's ‘Gloria nostra redit.’ The suture between the reader's skin and that of the text means that reading is charged with affect, and undermines the categorical demarcation between human beings and other animals insisted on by scholastic philosophy. An ethics of reading is one that responds to this ethos of the medieval page.
Thermal Performance of Poly Alpha Olefin Nanofluid With Spherical and Non-Spherical Nanoparticles

In this study, several heat transfer fluids consisting of Poly-Alpha-Olefin (PAO) as base fluid and non-spherical alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles such as nanorods and nanoplatelets have been used to formulate thermally enhanced nanofluids. Thermal properties such as thermal conductivity and viscosity have been measured, and the corresponding thermal conductivity enhancement has been calculated. The heat transfer coefficient under laminar flow under constant heat flux conditions has been measured experimentally. Results indicate that nanofluids containing spherical and non-spherical nanoparticles depict a Newtonian behavior at low concentrations. Nanofluids containing non-spherical alumina nanoparticles exhibit the greatest thermal conductivity enhancement when compared to pure PAO. Moreover, heat transfer enhancement was also observed when non-spherical nanoparticles were used. Likewise, the percentage enhancement in convective heat transfer coefficient was shown to increase non-linearly with axial distance (x/Di) in a circular heat transfer section. Nanofluids containing non-spherical nanoparticles exhibits a lower Re*Ra (Reynolds number*Rayleigh number) than pure PAO under laminar flow constant heat flux conditions indicating that nanoparticle morphology and composition are the two main factors responsible for convective heat transfer enhancement at low Reynolds number. Convection and axial conduction can explain the increase in Nusselt number when x/Di is greater than 400. The expected radial movement of nanoparticles within the fluid at relatively low Reynolds number could explain the enhanced convection when factoring in changes in viscosity and the effect of buoyancy.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Optimization of sample preparation for peptide sequencing by MALDI-TOF photofragment mass spectrometry.

This paper describes the optimization of sample preparation for MALDI 193-nm photofragment ion time-of-flight mass spectrometry to sequence small to medium-sized peptides from peptide mixtures. We show that matrix additives, such as fructose and phenylbutyric acid have a dramatic effect on the abundance of fragment ions observed in the post-source decay spectra. A dried-droplet MALDI matrix consisting of 1:1 α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid/fructose proves to be an excellent matrix for photodissociation because [M + H]+ ions are formed with low internal energies, and the photofragment ion spectrum contains high abundances of sequence-informative ions. The addition of fructose appears to improve overall sample homogeneity and durability, as compared to conventional α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid dried-droplet preparations. MALDI-TOF photodissociation is then used to selectively sequence the peptides bradykinin (RPPGFSPFR), des-Arg9 bradykinin (RPPGFSPF), and substance P-amide (RPKPQQFFGLM-NH2) from a mixture...
Prospects of quantum-dots-based liquid-crystal displays

We report a systematic photometric study of LCD based on quantum dot (QD) backlight, and find the optimal emission spectrum combination in terms of system efficiency and wide color gamut. A QD-based LCD has potential to achieve 120% AdobeRGB color gamut in CIE 1931 and 140% in CIE 1976 color space, while keeping the same energy efficiency as conventional backlights. Moreover, we present a transmissive color display based on voltage-stretchable liquid crystal droplet and quantum dot backlight. This polarizer-free display exhibits highly saturated colors, wide viewing angle and reasonably good contrast ratio. QD backlight allows LCD to display original colors with high fidelity, which makes LCD more competitive to organic LED. The prime time for QD-enhanced LCDs is near.
How to make a functional β-cell

Insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells are essential regulators of mammalian metabolism. The absence of functional β-cells leads to hyperglycemia and diabetes, making patients dependent on exogenously supplied insulin. Recent insights into β-cell development, combined with the discovery of pluripotent stem cells, have led to an unprecedented opportunity to generate new β-cells for transplantation therapy and drug screening. Progress has also been made in converting terminally differentiated cell types into β-cells using transcriptional regulators identified as key players in normal development, and in identifying conditions that induce β-cell replication in vivo and in vitro. Here, we summarize what is currently known about how these strategies could be utilized to generate new β-cells and highlight how further study into the mechanisms governing later stages of differentiation and the acquisition of functional capabilities could inform this effort.
Evidence for Spontaneous Resolution of Icosahedral Proline

Here we show experimental evidence for the spontaneous chiral resolution of icosahedral [12Pro+H]+ cluster ion. Molecular simulations reveal that the icosahedron consists of 12 equally spaced prolines where the rigid pyrrolidine ring of each monomer is sticking out of the closed cage. The tightly packed chiral cage traps a single proton in the center cavity. On the other hand, racemic [12Pro+H]+ cluster size exhibits a prismatic structure that can easily incorporate and lose proline monomeric unit sequentially, thus easily forming other geometries. Mechanisms which account for these observations are discussed.
A wireless intraocular pressure monitoring device with a solder-filled microchannel antenna

This paper presents the prototype of an intraocular pressure sensor as a major step toward building a device that can be permanently implanted during cataract surgery. The implantation will proceed through an incision of 2?3?mm using an injector, during which the complete device must be folded into a cross-section of 2?mm???1?mm. The device uses radio frequency (RF) for wireless power and data transfer. The prototype includes an antenna, an RF chip and a pressure sensor assembled on a printed circuit board with several circuit components used for testing and calibration. The antenna is fabricated and integrated with the circuit using a fabrication method employing solder-filled microchannels embedded in an elastomer. The monitoring device is powered at 2.716?GHz from a distance of 1?2?cm. The prototype has undergone electrical and mechanical tests for antenna and sensor performance. The flexible antenna can withstand a stress of 33.4 kPa without any electrical disconnection. It did not show a significant increase in electrical resistance after 50 bending cycles with a maximum applied stress of 116 kPa. Transmitted pressure data shows an averaged sensitivity of 16.66?Hz (mm-Hg)?1.
Locally Artinian Serial Rings

Abstract In this paper we extend a well-known characterization of unital Artinian serial rings to the analagous class of rings with local units. In particular we characterize locally Artinian serial rings as those in which every finitely generated module or every finitely cogenerated module is uniserial. Additionally, we show that the entire characterization does not extend, as there exist locally Artinian serial rings that have non-serial modules.
Perceived relationship quality in adolescents following early social-emotional deprivation

Children who spend their early life in social-emotionally depriving institutions have limited opportunities to engage in relationships. This early experience has been associated with many problematic behavioral outcomes; however, researchers have not frequently examined relationship quality of post-institutional adoptees, nor have they examined aspects of the adoptive family that might moderate institutionalization effects. The purpose of this study was to examine the self-reported relationship quality of 10-17-year-old children adopted into the USA from Russian institutions and to determine whether sibling characteristics (relative age, gender composition, sibling adoption status) moderate institutionalization effects. Older age at adoption was related to poorer friendship and sibling, but not mother, relationship quality. Older siblings and same-sex siblings buffered children from this negative age-at-adoption association.
Disintegration Scheme of Ra 226 (1620 yr)

The excited states of ${\mathrm{Em}}^{222}$ were studied in connection with a survey of regularities in heavy even-even nuclei. ${\mathrm{Em}}^{222}$ was shown to have a second excited state of character 2+, 4+, or possibly 0+ at 448 kev. This result was obtained by confirming the existence of a weak $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ ray of 260 kev in the ${\mathrm{Ra}}^{226}$ spectrum, which had previously been observed by Stephens in coincidence with ${\mathrm{Ra}}^{226}$ $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ rays. This $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ ray was found to be in coincidence with the well-known 188-kev transition leading from the first excited state (2+) to the ground state. The intensity ratio ${I}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}260}:{I}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}188}=1:400$. From this ratio and the known value of 5.7% for the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ branch feeding the 188-kev state, the intensity of the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ branch feeding the 448-kev state was found to be \ensuremath{\sim}0.01%.
Regional Governance and East Central Europe: The EU, NATO and the Consolidation of Democracy

Over a decade has passed since the heady days of 1989 and 1990 when communist governments fell one after the other and almost all political parties taking part in elections shared the same goals: Democracy, the Market, and Back to Europe. In December 2002, the efforts of the new leaders of these countries to ‘return to Europe’ bore fruit in an event that many had in 1989 regarded as too farfetched to imagine, the invitation of most of the countries in the region to join the EU in 2004 or 2007. The culmination of a decade-long process of harmonization and negotiation, this invitation symbolized the success of these countries in instituting political democracies and market economies. But how complete is this process, particularly in the political realm?
Magnetic domain imaging with a scanning Kerr effect microscope

A method for imaging magnetic domains with spatial resolution of less than 0.5 µm is described. The method employs the magnetooptic Kerr effect and is applicable for observing surface domain structures, even if the magnetic surface of interest is covered by a thick transparent overcoat. Polarized laser light, incident at an oblique angle, is focused to a diffraction limited spot onto a surface whose magnetization is modulated at a fixed frequency by a magnetic field. The modulation in the polarization of the light due to the modulation of the magnetization beneath the spot is measured with the use of a lock-in amplifier. An image of the magnetization changes is then constructed by scanning the spot. Domains are revealed because areas of domain wall motion have larger magnetization changes than areas of magnetization rotation within domains. Since this approach minimizes noise and eliminates nonmagnetic signals, the domain image contrast is greatly enhanced. With 0.3 mW of laser power on a spot and a detection bandwidth of 10 Hz, signal to noise ratios of 65 db and a magnetization rotation sensitivity of 0.06° have been obtained in permalloy. Results of domain images in thin-film inductive heads are presented. This technique is ideally suited for the study of the dynamics of wall motion and magnetization rotation in magnetic films.
Kidney tubule basement membrane alterations in type II membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.

Fourteen kidney biopsy specimens from nine patients with type II membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) were examined by electron microscopy for tubular basement membrane (TBM) alterations. In all biopsies, laminal densities, characteristic for type II MPGN, were present in the glomerular basement membranes.
Angiosarcoma: A report of 67 patients and a review of the literature

BACKGROUND. Angiosarcomas (AS) are rare, aggressive tumors. Optimal treatment has not been well defined. The authors undertook a retrospective review of patients seen at their institution with the intent of identifying prognostic factors and optimal treatment strategies. METHODS. Between 1955 and 1990, 67 patients with AS were seen at the University of California, at Los Angeles Medical Center. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 173 months with a median of 30 months. RESULTS. The overall prognosis was poor. The actuarial 2- and 5-year disease free survivals (DFS) were 44% and 24%, respectively. Of 52 recurrences after primary treatment, 81% (42 of 52) had a component of local failure. Twenty-eight patients had developed distant metastases at last follow-up. Of patients who received surgery (S) and radiation therapy (RT), with or without chemotherapy (CT), 5-year actuarial DFS was 43%, compared with 17% for patients who underwent S+/-CT as initial treatment (P = 0.03). Only 9% of patients (1 of 11) treated with RT+/-CT were rendered free of disease. CONCLUSIONS. Patients with AS usually present with high grade histology, and with multifocal disease. There is a propensity for both local recurrence and distant metastases. Our results and a review of the literature, suggest that S plus RT offers the best chance for long term control of this aggressive tumor. The role of CT remains undefined.
Targeted Control of Kinetics of β-Amyloid Self-association by Surface Tension-modifying Peptides *

Brain tissue from Alzheimer's patients contains extracellular senile plaques composed primarily of deposits of fibrillar aggregates of beta-amyloid peptide. beta-Amyloid aggregation is postulated to be a major factor in the onset of this neurodegenerative disease. Recently proposed is the hypothesis that oligomeric intermediates, rather than fully formed insoluble fibrils, are cytotoxic. Previously, we reported the discovery of peptides that accelerate beta-amyloid aggregation yet inhibit toxicity in vitro, in support of this hypothesis. These peptides contain two domains: a recognition element designed to bind to beta-amyloid and a disrupting element that alters beta-amyloid aggregation kinetics. Here we show that the aggregation rate-enhancing activity of the disrupting element correlates strongly with its ability to increase surface tension of aqueous solutions. Using the Hofmeister series as a guide, we designed a novel peptide with terminal side-chain trimethylammonium groups in the disrupting domain. The derivatized peptide greatly increased solvent surface tension and accelerated beta-amyloid aggregation kinetics by severalfold. Equivalent increases in surface tension in the absence of a recognition domain had no effect on beta-amyloid aggregation. These results suggest a novel strategy for targeting localized changes in interfacial energy to specific proteins, as a way to selectively alter protein folding, stability, and aggregation.
Low-temperature H-ion implantation in aluminum

Abstract The occurrence of superconductivity in the metastable alloys of AlH x prepared by ion implantation at temperatures T c were determined as a function of ion fluence, as were sample resistance and effective film resistivity. For an implantation corresponding to a hydrogen concentration x = 0.7, T c was found to be 5.7 K. With increasing ion fluence, T c displayed a saturating behavior which extrapolated to a value T c = 5.9 K. Subsequent implantation to shallower depths to improve the concentration profile of the implanted species produced significant increases in the normal-state resistance but had little or no effect on T c . Results of isochronal-annealing studies on the implanted films to stablish the degree of correlation between T c and the resistance are also reported.
Peptide binding motif predictive algorithms correspond with experimental binding of leukemia vaccine candidate peptides to HLA-A*0201 molecules

The ability to reliably identify the peptides that can bind to MHC molecules is of practical importance for rapid vaccine development. Several computer-based prediction methods have been applied to study the interaction of MHC class I/peptide binding. Here we have compared the binding of peptides predicted by three algorithms (BIMAS, SYFPEITHI and Rankpep) to the binding of the peptides to HLA-A*0201 molecules in vitro, assessed using a MHC stabilization assay on live T2 cells. Fifty HLA-A*0201 peptides were selected from several target oncoproteins: Wilms' tumor protein (WT1), native and imatinib-mutated bcr-abl p210, JAK2 protein and Ewing's sarcoma fusion protein type 1. The sensitivity and specificity of BIMAS, SYFPEITHI and Rankpep respectively, were: 86%, and 82%; 75% and 73%; 64% and 82%. Combining two or more computer methods did not appear to significantly improve the predictive value.
Characterization of GaxIn1−xAs/GaAs heterostructures grown by low pressure MOVPE

We have grown GaxIn1−xAs/GaAs strained layer superlattices (SLS) using TMIn, TMGa, AsH3 and H2 in a low pressure MOVPE system. The structures are characterized using Auger profiling and low temperature photoluminescence. The Auger measurements show that the interfaces are abrupt ( < 25 A) and that the well to well reproducibility is excellent. The narrow luminescence peaks observed ( ≈ 5.5 meV for 100 A wells) are analysed in terms of alloy broadening and well width fluctuation. This analysis shows that well width fluctuations no longer than 2 monolayers are present in our structures. The luminescence energy shift as a function of SLS's parameters is studied using standard models for strain and quantization induced effects.
The impact of reactive oxygen species and genetic mitochondrial mutations in Parkinson's disease

The exact pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is still unknown and proper mechanisms that correspond to the disease remain unidentified. It is understood that PD is age-related; as age increases, the chance of onset responds accordingly. Although there are no current means of curing PD, the understanding of reactive oxygen species (ROS) provides significant insight to possible treatments. Complex I deficiencies of the respiratory chain account for the majority of unfavorable neural apoptosis generation in PD. Dopaminergic neurons are severely damaged as a result of the deficiency. Symptoms such as inhibited cognitive ability and loss of smooth motor function are the results of such impairment. The genetic mutations of Parkinson's related proteins such as PINK1 and LRRK2 contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction which precedes ROS formation. Various pathways are inhibited by these mutations, and inevitably causing neural cell damage. Antioxidants are known to negate the damaging effects of free radical overexpression. This paper expands on the specific impact of mitochondrial genetic change and production of free radicals as well as its correlation to the neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.
Evaluation of the pressure time derivative method for estimating peak blood flow.

Abstract The peak flow estimated by the pressure time derivative method was compared to the peak flow estimated by a Kolin electromagnetic flowmeter (EMF) in the descending thoracic aorta of 10 dogs. Under the conditions of this experiment, correlation of peak flow measured by the EMF with that obtained by the pressure time derivative method was good. This method should prove useful in the estimation of changes in peak blood flow. At present, the pressure time derivative method is not self-calibrating, so that indirect calibrating methods, such as an indicator-dilution technique, must be used to obtain quantitative results.
Lung function after acute toluene di-isocyanate inhalation.

After acute inhalation of toluene di-isocyanate (TDI) vapors, a patient developed moderately severe chemical bronchitis. Pulmonary function abnormalities 24 hours after TDI inhalation were consistent with airway dysfunction. One month later pulmonary function had returned to normal. These studies may be helpful in defining the physiologic derangement in TDI intoxication.
“Pants Don't Make Preachers”: Fashion and Gender Construction in Late-Nineteenth-and Early-Twentieth-Century American Revivalism

AbstractThis article shows how fashion enhanced religious representation and fostered gender construction in the careers of Maria Woodworth-Etter and Aimee Semple McPherson, two late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century female American revivalist ministers. The ministry is an office that, from its inception and with few exceptions, has been gendered male. Thus, a woman minister was, for most, a contradiction in terms. With their mega-church revivalist services and national audiences, Indianapolis-based Maria Woodworth-Etter (1844–1924) and Los Angelino Aimee Semple McPherson (1890–1944) were members of a longstanding American institution: celebrity revivalists. They had highly visible careers; they drew large crowds, promoted their ministries vigorously in print and eventually film, had admirers and detractors across the country, and had profitable, controversial lifestyles. I argue that one reason for Woodworth-Etter and McPherson's success—in spite of historic obstacles to female ministers—was sartor...
Design, test and field application of a GFRP corrugated-core sandwich bridge

This paper describes the design procedures and the construction process of a glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) corrugated-core sandwich bridge superstructure. This all-GFRP bridge superstructure was installed in Korea. Based on field load testing and finite element analysis, the effectiveness of the proposed system was demonstrated. The paper also discussed connection details as well as the dynamic effects on the FRP sandwich superstructure due to truck live load. Finally this paper illustrated the time, labor, and cost invested in the project and explained why bridges with FRP superstructures can be economically competitive in the future.
The ins and outs of phosphate homeostasis

A complication of chronic renal failure is hyperphosphatemia. An apparently straightforward manipulation to treat this — restriction of dietary phosphate — has proven that phosphate homeostasis is more complicated than we currently understand. This Commentary describes recent findings on novel regulatory factors that contribute to phosphate homeostasis.
Linkage Politics and the Persistence of National Policy Autonomy in Emerging Powers: Patents, Profits, and Patients in the Context of TRIPS Compliance

The Trade Related Intellectual Property Agreement (TRIPS) has had a profound effect on industrialization and innovation, as well as access to medicines in cases of public health crisis such as HIV/AIDS. However, compliance with TRIPS has varied in developing countries, despite heightened international pressure. For instance, Brazil has pursued a coherent approach to its HIV/AIDS health crisis, while India has failed to take care of its HIV patients despite late compliance with the TRIPS agreement and the presence of business firms that produce the generic medicines for HIV/AIDS. This article suggests that divergence in TRIPS compliance is the result of a linkage politics, in which global variables (global rules, global supply chains and global networks) reach into the domestic political economy to alter the interests and capabilities of domestic actors. Indian pharmaceutical firms have developed external and export interests that lower incentives for the Indian state to design a nationally relevant public health policy, while the Brazilian health movement with its societal and external linkages puts pressure on the Brazilian state to defend the interests of its HIV patients even at the cost of patents. We conclude by suggesting that linkage politics is better at helping us understand compliance with international agreements than existing explanations, with important consequences for the effectiveness of international institutions.
Nonlinear analysis of transistor networks by Kron's mesh approach

Abstract The effectiveness of Kron's mesh approach—taking nonlinearities into consideration—in transistor circuit analysis is demonstrated. First, the quasi-linear equations characterizing the CE-transistor and their inverse are developed. These equations give rise to the following quantities: 1) The triply-variant modulation tensor Qmjk; 2) The triply-covariant modulation tensor Mjmk; 3) The transistor impedance tensor Zjk and, 4) The transistor admittance tensor Ykj. Also, their corresponding interrelationships are established. Secondly, the effects of the nonlinearity of the transistor on the impressed sinusoidal voltages are examined. Thus, the complex Taylor series and its inverse are developed. These equations give the fundamental and product frequency components of the response quantity. Equations A-60, A-61 and A-62 inclusive give the relationships between the transistor admittance and impedance tensors of fundamental and product frequencies and the interrelationship between the triply-contravariant modulation tensor Mjmk, the fundamental and product frequency admittance tensors, and the triply-variant modulation tensor Qmjk. Thirdly, the “passive network” and the “nonlinear active network” are interconnected. Then, the total response current containing both linear and nonlinear terms—considering only the fundamental frequency—is determined. Multiplication of this current by the loading resistance (impedance) yields generalized expressions for the output voltage and the voltage transfer function of the given amplifier (4). A specific value for the voltage gain is obtained for the linear conditions for numerically specified parameters, and experimental substantiation of the analysis is obtained.
Time-resolved sequential double ionization of D 2 molecules in an intense few-cycle laser pulse

The kinetic energy spectra of D{sup +} ions resulting from the sequential double ionization of D{sub 2} molecules in an intense few-cycle laser field are calculated. The D{sub 2} molecule is first ionized at its equilibrium distance, followed by further ionization of D{sub 2}{sup +} at larger internuclear separations. The time evolution of the nuclear wave packet is calculated including loss from ionization by the time-dependent laser field. The calculated D{sup +} energy spectra are compared with the recent experiment, and the time duration between the two ionization events is deduced to subfemtosecond accuracy.
The toxicity of phthalates to the marine dinoflagellateGymnodinium breve

The acute t o x i c i t y levels of seven phthalate compounds to G~nnnodinium breve (the f i s h k i l l i n g blooms of which are popularly known as " r e d U e " ) were determined by subjecting culture port ions of th is organism to various concentrations of these compounds. The compounds tested were dimethyl phthalate (DMP), d i ethyl phthalate (DEP), di-E-propyl phthalate (DPP), d i -n-buty l phthalate (DBP), d i (2-e thy lhexy l ) phthalate (DEHP), potassium hydrogen phthalate and phthal ic acid, disodium sa l t . Over one b i l l i o n pounds of phthal ic acid esters (PAE's) were produced in 1976 (CEKIS 1976), and these substances have become wide ly-d ispersed in the environment (GIAM 1975).
The validity of computer-based personality assessment products: Recommendations for the future

Abstract The use of computers in psychological assessment is now well established. A central aspect of this field, computer based interpretations of personality and psychodiagnostic tests, has been the subject of widespread criticism due to the lack of demonstrated validity. The present paper separates methodological issues in validation research from technical issues in the development of objective interpretation rules and in the computer application of these rules, and makes six basic recommendations for future development: (a) attend to the reliability of all variables, especially predictors; (b) focus on specific (narrow-band) predictions; (c) simply restate the empirical findings in their raw and perhaps contradictory form; (d) apply each system only to populations that resemble the derivation population; (e) use the “no interpretation” option; and (f) consider building in a capacity to accomodate varying base rates. Use of these guidelines would result in simpler, more specific systems, which would be viewed as tools for the assessment psychologist and not as finished products in their own right.
Point mutational inactivation of the retinoblastoma antioncogene

The retinoblastoma (Rb) antioncogene encodes a nuclear phosphoprotein, p105-Rb, that forms protein complexes with the adenovirus E1A and SV40 large T oncoproteins. A novel, aberrant Rb protein detected in J82 bladder carcinoma cells was not able to form a complex with E1A and was less stable than p105-Rb. By means of a rapid method for the detection of mutations in Rb mRNA, this defective Rb protein was observed to result from a single point mutation within a splice acceptor sequence in J82 genomic DNA. This mutation eliminates a single exon and 35 amino acids from its encoded protein product.
Codimension-One Riemann Solutions: Classical Missing Rarefaction Cases

Abstract This paper is the third in a series that undertakes a systematic investigation of Riemann solutions of systems of two conservation laws in one spatial dimension. Sixty-three codimension-one degeneracies of such solutions have been identified at which strict hyperbolicity is maintained. In this paper, 18 of the degeneracies (9 pairs), constituting the most classical degeneracies, are studied in detail. Precise conditions for a codimension-one degeneracy are identified in each case, as are conditions for folding of the Riemann solution surface, which can occur in 4 of the cases. Such folding gives rise to local multiplicity or nonexistence of Riemann solutions.