cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural Study of AIPL1: Molecular Basis of its Function and its Role in Blinding Diseases

Leber's congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a severe form of childhood blindness, and mutations in the putative chaperone AIPL1 have been linked to LCA [1]. It is known that AIPL1 interacts with phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6), a protein involved in visual phototransduction, in both rod and cone cells [2]. Recently, small-angle X-ray scattering experiments combined with homology modeling revealed the sub-domain arrangements of AIPL1 [3]. However, the molecular mechanism of the interaction between AIPL1 and PDE6 remains poorly understood due to a lack of high-resolution structural data. The interaction of AIPL1 and PDE6 is believed to be mediated by a prenyl group that is introduced at the C-terminus of PDE6 as a post-translational modification. To test this hypothesis we have employed a combined experimental and computational approach. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out on the AIPL1 homology model, identifying the principal components that lead to large-scale conformational fluctuations. Subsequent MD studies will be carried out to identify the differences between wild-type AIPL1 and mutants of AIPL1 in their interaction with a C-terminal prenylated fragment of PDE6. Fluorescence studies will also be carried out to characterize the difference in binding of labeled prenyl ligands with several variants: wild-type AIPL1, mutants of AIPL1, and a mouse version of Aipl1, which lacks the C-terminal domain found in human AIPL1. Our studies will provide a biophysical understanding of the processes underlying this binding. These results have the promise to provide valuable insight into the role of AIPL1 in normal vision, and in blinding diseases that affect humans. [1] Sohocki, Nat. Gen., 24:79 (2000); [2] Ramamurthy, PNAS, 100:12630 (2003) Kolandaivelu, JBC, 284:30853 (2009) Kolandaivelu, HMG, 23(4):1002 (2014); [3] Majumder, J. Biol. Chem, 288:21320 (2013).
Self-Administration of Cannabinoids by Experimental Animals and Human Marijuana Smokers

Drug self-administration behavior has been one of the most direct and productive approaches for studying the reinforcing effects of psychoactive drugs, which are critical in determining their abuse potential. Cannabinoids, which are usually abused by humans in the form of marijuana, have become the most frequently abused illicit class of drugs in the United States. The early elucidation of the structure and stereochemistry of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in 1964, which is now recognized as the principal psychoactive ingredient in marijuana, activated cannabinoid research worldwide. This review examines advances in research on cannabinoid self-administration behavior by humans and laboratory animals. There have been numerous laboratory demonstrations of the reinforcing effects of cannabinoids in human subjects, but reliable self-administration of cannabinoids by laboratory animals has only recently been demonstrated. It has now been shown that strong and persistent self-administration behavior can be maintained in experimentally and drug-naive squirrel monkeys by doses of THC comparable to those in marijuana smoke inhaled by humans. Furthermore, reinforcing effects of some synthetic CB1 cannabinoid agonists have been recently reported using intravenous and intracerebroventricular self-administration procedures in rats and mice. These findings support previous conclusions that THC has a pronounced abuse liability comparable to other drugs of abuse under certain experimental conditions. Self-administration of THC by squirrel monkeys provides the most reliable animal model for human marijuana abuse available to date. This animal model now makes it possible to study the relative abuse liability of other natural and synthetic cannabinoids and to preclinically assess new therapeutic strategies for the treatment or prevention of marijuana abuse in humans.
The Capacity Region for Degree-2 K-pairs Three-layer Networks

Ignited by the pioneering work of Ahlswede et al on the characterization of the capacity region for single-source multicast networks, a number of works have been devoted to determining the capacity regions for more general networks. However, except a few interesting outer bounds that have been derived so far, the exact characterization is still restricted to rather simple networks. In this paper, we determine the capacity region for a more general class of networks called degree-2 K-pairs three-layer networks. The result suggests a characterization technique for more general multi-source multi-sink networks
Melancholia and axis II comorbidity

Abstract This study assessed whether the rates of comorbid personality disorders differed between DSM-IV melancholic and nonmelancholic major depressive disorder. We evaluated 260 consecutive depressed outpatients (140 women [53.8%]; mean age, 39.01 ± 10.4 years) with DSM-III-R major depressive disorder (MDD). MDD was diagnosed with the use of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R–Patient Edition (SCID-P); enrolled patients were required to have a score ≥ 16 on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D-17). The presence of the melancholic subtype of major depression was determined with the use of a DSM-IV checklist, while the presence of personality disorders was assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R–Personality Disorders (SCID-II). Of the 102 (39.2%) patients who met criteria for melancholic depression and the 158 (60.7%) who did not, there were no significant differences in age, gender, or rates of personality disorder diagnoses. We observed no significant difference in rates of individual personality disorder clusters between melancholic and nonmelancholic depressed patients. Our findings of comparable rates of comorbid personality disorders between melancholic and nonmelancholic depression are consistent with the decision made by the DSM-IV task force to drop the DSM-III-R melancholic feature criterion of “no significant personality disturbance before first major depressive episode” as they challenge the usefulness of trying to establish such absence of premorbid personality features in acutely depressed patients.
A new multimode rectangular horn antenna generating a circularly polarized elliptical beam

A multimode circularly polarized rectangular horn antenna generating an elliptical shaped beam is described. This antenna operates in two orthogonal mode sets, namely the TE 10 + TE/TM 12 and TE 01 + TE/TM 21 modes. By virtue of the higher order TE/TM modes, the aperture E -field distribution can be tapered such that the effective E -plane far-field beam width is approximately equal to the H -plane beam width of the other orthogonal set of modes, resulting in low off-axis polarization axial ratio. Because of the tapered aperture distribution, the radiation patterns also have low sidelobes. The elliptical cross section beam is a direct result of the rectangular shaped aperture. This antenna, used in conjunction with a spacecraft to illuminate an elliptical zone on the earth surface, offers high edge-of-coverage gain, low sidelobes, low edge-of-coverage (EOC) axial ratio, less RF sensitivity to the space environment, and low cost. The performance of this antenna has been evaluated experimentally.
Systematics Of Gracilariopsis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) Based On rbcL Sequence Analyses And Morphological Evidence

A phylogeny has been inferred from parsimony and likelihood analyses of plastid rbc L DNA sequences for seven recognized and six undescribed species of Gracilariopsis ( Gp. ) (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta). New descriptions and illustrations of cystocarp morphology are provided for four Gracilariopsis species from North and South America. The generitype, Gp. sjoestedtii (Kylin) Dawson, is reinstated to include plants distributed from British Columbia to Pacific Baja California, and the name is corrected to Gp. andersonii (Grunow) Dawson. Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Bory) Dawson, Acleto et Foldvik is shown not to have a worldwide distribution but to be restricted to the vicinity of Peru. Gracilariopsis costaricensis is recognized with the provision that it may prove to be conspecific with Gp. lemaneiformis. Gracilariopsis “lemaneiformis” from North and South Carolina is described as a new species, Gp. carolinensis Liao et Hommersand sp. nov. Gracilariopsis longissima (Gmelin) Steentoft, Irvine et Farnham from Western Europe and the Mediterranean Sea and Gp. tenuifrons (Bird et Oliveira) Fredericq et Hommersand from the Caribbean Sea and Brazil are recognized. Entities that have been referred to Gp. “lemaneiformis” from China and Japan constitute an undescribed species that is related to Gp. heteroclada Zhang et Xia. An invasive species from the Gulf of California, Mexico, and South Australia that has been assigned to Gp. “lemaneiformis” is resolved in a clade that includes Gp. longissima. Four undescribed species are included in the molecular analyses. The systematics of Gracilariopsis is discussed in the light of the morphological and molecular evidence.
A Computational Study of In-Cylinder NOx Reduction Strategies for a Compression-Ignition Engine Fueled With Diesel/Hydrogen Mixtures

Considerable efforts have been made to introduce alternative fuels for use in conventional diesel and gasoline engines. There is significant interest in adding hydrogen to a diesel engine to reduce emissions and improve efficiency. However, the main challenge associated with the use of hydrogen in diesel engines is high nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions. In the present study, a reduced chemical kinetics mechanism, consisting of 52 reactions and 29 chemical species for n-heptane fuel combustion, was incorporated with detailed chemical kinetics consisting of 29 reactions for hydrogen as well as additional nitrogen oxidation. This reaction mechanism was coupled with 3-D advanced CFD software to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel-hydrogen dual-fuel engine. Computational results showed good agreements with the experimental results for brake thermal efficiency, CO2, CO, and NOX emissions. The model was then employed to examine the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and N2 dilution on NOX emissions. The computational results quantified the reduction in NOX emissions with EGR and N2 dilution, and a more remarkable reduction was found with 30% N2 dilution. However, in terms of the N2 dilution, a general decreasing trend was observed for both NOX and CO2 emissions, while CO emissions increased. In relation to the EGR, the NOX emissions decreased while CO2 and CO emissions significantly increased. Additionally, the results showed that the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and indicated power decreased as the N2 dilution increased. The same trend was observed for the EGR but the reduction was less compared to that of the N2 dilution.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Campaigns and the Dynamics of Transnational Political Attitudes among Immigrants in the United States

Researchers investigating the political attitudes and behavior of immigrants in the U.S. have found that pre-migration experiences can shape orientations towards American politics. This paper asks a related question that has not received nearly as much attention: after settling in the U.S., what forces shape immigrants" attitudes towards political leaders and parties in their native country? We focus in particular on the contemporary Mexican-born population, and the impact of American campaigning on evaluations of Mexican President Felipe Calderon and the three major parties of Mexico. Two controlled mobilization experiments conducted in the fall of 2008 show that campaign outreach to Mexicans can boost ratings of Calderon and his party, the National Action Party (PAN). These findings speak to concerns that have been raised in Mexico and other migrant-sending nations regarding the extension of absentee voting rights to expatriates.
RNase P protein subunit Rpp29 represses histone H3.3 nucleosome deposition

In mammals, histone H3.3 is a critical regulator of transcription state change and heritability at both euchromatin and heterochromatin. The H3.3-specific chaperone, DAXX, together with the chromatin-remodeling factor, ATRX, regulates H3.3 deposition and transcriptional silencing at repetitive DNA, including pericentromeres and telomeres. However, the events that precede H3.3 nucleosome incorporation have not been fully elucidated. We previously showed that the DAXX-ATRX-H3.3 pathway regulates a multi-copy array of an inducible transgene that can be visualized in single living cells. When this pathway is impaired, the array can be robustly activated. H3.3 is strongly recruited to the site during activation where it accumulates in a complex with transcribed sense and antisense RNA, which is distinct from the DNA/chromatin. This suggests that transcriptional events regulate H3.3 recruited to its incorporation sites. Here we report that the nucleolar RNA proteins Rpp29, fibrillarin, and RPL23a are also components of this H3.3/RNA complex. Rpp29 is a protein subunit of RNase P. Of the other subunits, POP1 and Rpp21 are similarly recruited suggesting that a variant of RNase P regulates H3.3 chromatin assembly. Rpp29 knockdown increases H3.3 chromatin incorporation, which suggests that Rpp29 represses H3.3 nucleosome deposition, a finding with implications for epigenetic regulation.
Asymmetric Imine N-Inversion in 3-Methyl-4-Pyrimidinimine. Molecular Dipole Analysis of Solvation Effects

The thermal (E)/(Z)-isomerization of 3-methyl-4-pyrimidinimine, 3MePMI, has been studied in the gas phase at MP2/6-31G* and with the inclusion of medium effects using the polarizable continuum method, PCM(MP2/6-31G*), and the solvation model density method, SMD(MP2/6-31G*). For the free molecule and for 3MePMI in each of 14 solvents, the structures were determined of the (E)- and (Z)-isomers, of the transition state structure for isomerization ITS by asymmetric N-inversion, and of the second-order saddle point structure (SOSP) associated with in-plane N-inversion. The results predict a reduction of the (E)-isomer preference energy of 3MePMI, an increase of the deformation energy ΔEdef = E(SOSP) – E(ITS), and an increase of the activation barrier Eact(Z → E) with increasing solvent polarity. Electronic effects associated with N-inversion are analyzed using molecular orbital theory, results of population analysis, and electrostatic potential maps. The molecular dipole moments are superior parameters for the...
Magnetic resonance imaging anesthesia: new challenges and techniques

Purpose of reviewThe increasing use of magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic modality has led to increased demand for sedation and monitoring during the procedure. This review is to acquaint the reader with the most recent developments in magnetic resonance imaging diagnostics and to describe t
Fashion Adoption Categories: A New Investigation of Personality Facets and Demographics

This study investigates personality facets and demographics as predictors of the following fashion adoption categories: fashion innovation, fashion opinion leadership, and fashion opinion seeking. Everett Rogers’ ideal types and the Five Factor Model are the theoretical frameworks applied in the study. Data are collected via a mailed questionnaire returned by 285 participants in the United States. Regression results demonstrated that income is a significant positive predictor for fashion innovativeness. Additional findings showed that gender as well as the personality facets of actions and achievement striving are significant predictors for fashion opinion leading. Age, gender, education, and the personality facet of deliberation are significant predictors for fashion opinion seeking. In the present study, there is no overlap among the variables found to be significant predictors of fashion innovation, fashion opinion leading, and fashion opinion seeking. The results imply that neither personality nor dem...
Deciphering the atomic structure of a complex Sr/Ge (100) phase via scanning tunneling microscopy and first-principles calculations

The details of a Sr-induced ($3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4$) reconstruction on Ge(100) were examined using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory. At 1/6 ML of Sr, this reconstruction is similar to the 1/6 ML ($3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2$) Sr phase previously observed on Si. In contrast to Si, however, atomic-resolution images of the Sr-Ge phase exhibit more dramatic and unusual bias dependence in STM that could be explained with the help of first-principles calculations of minimum energy structures. Simulated STM images are in excellent agreement with the experimental data and allow the ($3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2$) Sr-Si double dimer vacancy alloy model to be extended to the Ge surface through a more complex ($3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4$) arrangement of its building blocks. The difference between Si and Ge is interpreted in terms of the lower Ge-Ge binding energy and differences in the interatomic bond lengths.
Optimization and Practice of Once-through Boiler's Feedwater Control Based on the Enthalpy Control Methods

The control method for the proportion of combustion rate to water requirement in supercritical oncethrough boiler can be classified into following two kinds:the superheat degree control at the middle point and the enthalpy control.The enthalpy control corrects the steam temperature and related states by controlling the feed water.The paper introduces the feature of the enthalpy control method,and analyzes the influence of the enthalpy sampling position on the enthalpy control,the control problems in the case of the high pressure heater withdrawal,and the amendments with the vacuum to the feedwater.Some suggestions and the direction to optimize the control strategy are introduced as well.The new control strategy were used successfully in some 600 MW unites.
Dysmenorrhea in women with Crohn's disease: a case-control study.

Abdominal and pelvic symptoms in young women with Crohn’s disease (CD) are often attributed to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) when, in fact, other entities may be responsible. Dysmenorrhea, or painful menstruation, is the most common disorder of reproductive-aged women and has symptoms which overlap with active CD [1, 2]. Determining the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and its contribution to overall pain severity and to perceived CD activity may be helpful in tailoring therapy in women with CD and avoiding the over assignment of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms to IBD. It is well established that painful disorders of the GI tract such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are frequently co-morbid with primary dysmenorrhea, with some women reporting an increase in symptoms during menstruation [3, 4]. The relationship between menstrual distress and inflammatory disorders of the GI tract such as CD is less well understood; however, prior studies suggest that menstrual symptoms may be perceived as increased CD activity due to their overlapping symptoms [5]. In addition, common pathophysiologic mechanisms may exist between the two disorders. Kane and colleagues suggested that the greater rates of diarrhea that women with IBD report during the premenstrual and menstrual phases of the cycle may be related to increased colonic contraction from intestinal prostaglandin production during these phases and/or increasing progesterone levels across the menstrual cycle [5]. It is important to note, however, that a direct correlation between plasma levels of ovarian hormones and perimenstrual symptoms has not been established [6]. To date, no study has determined the prevalence of dysmenorrhea or the impact of menstrual pain in women with CD using validated methods. Furthermore, no study has examined the relationship between dysmenorrhea and CD activity scores or between dysmenorrhea and HRQOL in women with CD. Closing this knowledge gap is imperative. The purpose of this study was to examine: 1) the impact of dysmenorrhea on overall pain severity and pain medication use in women with CD vs. healthy controls, 2) the relationship between dysmenorrhea and CD activity scores, and 3) the effect of dysmenorrhea on HRQOL in women with CD.
Boat Propeller Scarring of Seagrass Beds in Lower Chesapeake Bay, USA: Patterns, Causes, Recovery, and Management

Seagrass beds are subject to numerous anthropogenic influences, including nutrient pollution, shoreline development and modification, and overfishing. Direct human impacts on seagrass though, such as through contact with boat propellers and fishing gear, remains relatively uninvestigated. Here, we use 26 years of aerial imagery and 3 years of ground surveys to explore the degree, distribution, and recovery of scarring in seagrass beds as the result of boat propellers in lower Chesapeake Bay, USA, specifically from commercial haul seine fishing activity. We find that propeller scarring is extensive, particularly on the western shore of the Bay, where pressure from haul seining is more intense. In two areas with the most intense scarring, Browns Bay and Poquoson Flats, annual total length of scars averaged 5575 and 3206 m, respectively. Despite the considerable presence of observable scarring, an individual scar generally persisted for only 2.7 years on average, implying quick recovery, aided by the diverse reproductive habits of the two seagrasses in this region, Zostera marina and Ruppia maritima. Moreover, regulations adopted by the regulary agency responsible for protecting marine habitats in Chesapeake Bay, the Virginia Marine Resources Commission, concerning the timing of haul seining in response to these findings reduced the frequency of new scars 43% at Browns Bay and 90% at Poquoson Flats since 2003. These results demonstrate that swift and decisive management action, in cooperation with relevant science, can lead to effective conservation of underwater grasses.
Hyperferritinemia and inflammation

Understanding of ferritin biology has traditionally centered on its role in iron storage and homeostasis, with low ferritin levels indicative of deficiency and high levels indicative of primary or secondary hemochromatosis. However, further work has shown that iron, redox biology and inflammation are inexorably linked. During infection, increased ferritin levels represent an important host defense mechanism that deprives bacterial growth of iron and protects immune cell function. It may also be protective, limiting the production of free radicals and mediating immunomodulation. Additionally, hyperferritinemia is a key acute-phase reactants, used by clinicians as an indication for therapeutic intervention, aimed at controlling inflammation in high-risk patients. One school of thought maintains that hyperferritinemia is an 'innocent bystander' biomarker of uncontrolled inflammation that can be used to gauge effectiveness of intervention. Other schools of thought maintain that ferritin induction could be a protective negative regulatory loop. Others maintain that ferritin is a key mediator of immune dysregulation, especially in extreme hyperferritinemia, via direct immune-suppressive and pro-inflammatory effects. There is a clear need for further investigation of the role of ferritin in uncontrolled inflammatory conditions both as a biomarker and mediator of disease because its occurrence identifies patients with high mortality risk and its resolution predicts their improved survival.
Neurophysiology and Behavior

Chapter 2 introduced the concept of physiological causes of behavior which are classified as proximate causes because they occur immediately before behavior. Physiological psychologists study such causes; their interest is in the bodily activities that are responsible for behavior, especially activities located in the nervous system. Neurophysiologists, including physiological psychologists, attempt to answer how questions about behavior, for example, How does the brain produce appropriate behavior under certain circumstances? In an effort to understand behavior, scientific psychologists attempt to explain why it occurs in terms of general laws, such as the laws of classical and operant conditioning. Neurophysiologists, by contrast, attempt to explain how behavior occurs in terms of more elementary, physiological, processes (called reduction1) (Carlson, 1995).
The relation between craving and binge eating: Integrating neuroimaging and ecological momentary assessment

The role of craving in binge eating characteristic of bulimia nervosa (BN) is inconclusive. A network of regions associated with cue reactivity to food and substances has been identified, comprised of the amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, insula, and striatum. The goal of this study was to examine individual differences in BOLD response in this appetitive network as moderators of the relationship between craving and binging in the natural environment in women with BN. Women with BN (N = 16) completed a baseline measure of craving and a fMRI scan, where they viewed neutral cues and food cues. After each run, craving for food was assessed. Participants then completed an ecological momentary assessment six times a day via smart phone and recorded binge eating and craving. Participants exhibited significantly increased BOLD response in the left amygdala in response to food cues compared to neutral cues. However, individual differences in BOLD response were not correlated with self-report craving throughout the scan. The relationship between craving and binging in everyday life was moderated by individual differences in activation in the caudate, insula, and amygdala. Women with greater activation in these regions demonstrated significant increases in craving prior to binge eating. Those who did not exhibit increases in activation did not exhibit increases in craving prior to binge eating in the natural environment. Craving may not underlie binge eating for all individuals with BN. However, these results indicate that neural response to food cues may affect individual differences in the daily experience of craving and binge eating.
A role for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in the nitric oxide-dependent release of Cl- from acidic organelles in amacrine cells

Although CFTR function has been studied extensively in the context of epithelia, relatively little is known about its function in neurons. We show that CFTR is involved in an NO-dependent release o...
You Can’t Catch ‘Em All: Inattention During Active Mobile Gaming.:

Using a mobile device while driving or walking leads to inattention. The popular augmented reality mobile game Pokemon GO (PGO) requires users to walk in order to play, creating a possible multitas...
Set-based design for naval shipboard power systems using pertinent metrics from product development tools

Set-Based Design (SBD) is an attractive paradigm to address challenges of a highly complex design space. Application of SBD is being actively explored by the US Navy to aid design of future naval shipboard systems. This paper reports a methodology following utilization of well-established product development and robust design tools that enable conducting SBD. Outputs from quality function deployment (QFD) serve as the basis for focusing design approaches. Feasible designs are assessed via the Taguchi method to show combinations that are robust to noise factors while fulfilling user defined constraints. This work is anticipated to help develop and integrate the SBD functionality within the Smart Ship Systems Design (S3D) environment.
Ancile: Privacy-Preserving Framework for Access Control and Interoperability of Electronic Health Records Using Blockchain Technology

Abstract Despite an increased focus on the security of electronic health records and an effort by large cities around the globe to pursue smart city infrastructure, the private information of patients is subject to data breaches on a regular basis. Previous efforts to combat this have resulted in data being mostly inaccessible to patients. Existing record management systems struggle with balancing data privacy and the need for patients and providers to regularly interact with data. Blockchain technology is an emerging technology that enables data sharing in a decentralized and transactional fashion. Blockchain technology can be leveraged in the healthcare domain to achieve the delicate balance between privacy and accessibility of electronic health records. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based framework for secure, interoperable, and efficient access to medical records by patients, providers, and third parties, while preserving the privacy of patients’ sensitive information. Our framework, named Ancile, utilizes smart contracts in an Ethereum-based blockchain for heightened access control and obfuscation of data, and employs advanced cryptographic techniques for further security. The goals of this paper are to analyze how Ancile would interact with the different needs of patients, providers, and third parties, and to understand how the framework could address longstanding privacy and security concerns in the healthcare industry.
Geographic Patterns of Language and Bilingualism in the United States

ABSTRACTThe authors use American Community Survey (ACS) language data for 2009 to 2013 to map all U.S. counties where 10 percent or more of the population age five and older is estimated to speak a minority (heritage) language at home. The methodology of the ACS data estimation and the limitations of ACS language data, especially for assessing bilingualism, are reviewed. We then explain the methodology underlying our maps and discuss the geographic patterns, evolution, and sociospatial aspects of Spanish, Native North American, French, German, Asian, and Pacific Island languages, all of which are used by multiple communities in the United States. Four causes are suggested to explain those counties where heritage languages only as a group meet or exceed the 10 percent threshold (i.e., our sixth language category). The article concludes with a consideration of the benefits of bilingualism, the pressure from English that the heritage languages face, and some suggested directions for geolinguistic research of...
Therapeutic Effect of Anti-VEGF for Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Untreated Fellow Eye

Intravitreal injections of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents have been reported to occasionally produce a therapeutic effect in the uninjected fellow eye. Here, three patients with bilateral neovascular age-related macular degeneration are presented. In all three patients, unilateral anti-VEGF injection resulted in bilateral reduction of macular thickness as measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography.
The Rolling Stones on Air: A BBC Recording

Between March 1962 and June 1966, the Beatles made 275 appearances on British Broadcasting Corporation (BCC) programs. They performed 88 different songs for the English listening audience during th...
The Role of Family Support in Facilitating Academic Success of Low-Income Students

While college education is a key to upward mobility, low-income students are substantially less likely to earn bachelor’s degrees than their more economically advantaged peers. Prior higher education literature illuminates various factors contributing to student success, but few studies consider the role of family support after students enter higher education. We examine how two different forms of family support—emotional and financial—are related to academic outcomes (grades, credit accumulation, and persistence) among low-income college students. Our analyses, based on a sample of 728 first-year low-income students attending eight four-year institutions, indicate that family emotional support plays an important role in fostering positive academic outcomes. Family emotional support is beneficial for academic outcomes as it promotes psychological well-being and facilitates greater student engagement. Financial support is not related to the outcomes examined in the sample as a whole. However, interaction models point to variation by first-generations status wherein continuing-generation students benefit more from family financial support than their first-generation peers. Presented findings offer valuable insights into the role of families in supporting low-income students in college and can inform institutional policies and practices aimed at facilitating their success.
The impact of parental attachment and feelings of isolation on adolescent fear of crime at school

While scores of researchers have examined the antecedents of fear of criminal victimization among adults, research examining the correlates of such fear among adolescents, particularly in the school setting, is limited. Using data from 2136 public school students from a rural Southern state, we examine the association between fear of criminal victimization and race, gender, age, attachment to parents, feelings of isolation, and victimization. We determine that adolescents who have been victimized by crime are far more fearful than their counterparts who have not. Additionally, we determine that youth who have lower levels of attachment to parents and higher levels of isolation/alienation are also more fearful of criminal victimization than their counterparts. Interestingly, the impact of isolation on fear of criminal victimization is stronger for whites than nonwhites while the impact of parental attachment is stronger for males than females. Implications for policy and future research are also discussed. Language: en
Dialectics of collective minding: contradictory appropriations of information technology in a high-risk project

In unpredictable and unforgiving environments, organizations need to act with care and reliability, often referred to as collective mindfulness. We present a theory-generating, interpretative field study of a highly complex and successful building project by architect Frank O. Gehry. We argue that what has been labeled collective mindfulness is only possible through a dialectic process of collective minding, in which organizational actors simultaneously exhibit elements of being mindful and mindless. Our analysis reveals that collective minding emerges from struggling with contradictions in the five elements of mindfulness. We argue that when actors struggle with these dialectic tensions, the same information technology capabilities are enacted as multiple, contradictory technologies-in-practice. Implications for the further study of collective minding and the appropriation of IT capabilities are discussed.
Breast Ultrasound-Guided Core Biopsy or Cyst Aspiration

Abnormal ultrasound with need for biopsy or aspiration. Palpable mass with need for biopsy or aspiration. Ultrasound used to increase precision.
Chickenpox Party or Varicella Vaccine

The most compelling rationale for introducing universal vaccination against varicella was the predicted benefits to healthy children. Current evidence from the US experience indicates that these benefits are being realized. As is true for any new vaccine, implementation of such a program necessitates disease surveillance and modifications of the vaccine regimen as needed. In the case of VZV, the epidemiology of herpes zoster must be tracked as well as varicella disease trends. The prevention of herpes zoster may be another use of live attenuated or inactivated varicella vaccines.
Efficacy of 3D Printed Models on Resident Learning and Understanding of Common Acetabular Fracturers.

Rationale and Objectives The conceptualization of acetabular fractures can present a daunting challenge to radiology residents. 3D models have been shown to aid in the spatial perception of complicated anatomy and may help residents grasp the elaborate classification systems for these anatomically complex fractures. Prior studies have explored the utility of 3D printed models for surgical planning in various settings. To our knowledge, no study has evaluated their efficacy in radiology resident training. Materials and Methods Following IRB approval, 22 radiology residents were randomized and stratified by Post Graduate Year into two groups of 11 residents. Both groups received separate identical presentations on the 5 most common acetabular fractures given by a musculoskeletal trained radiologist. Residents in the experimental group received 3D printed models of the five most common fracture types with which to interact during the presentation, while the control group did not. Both groups received a pretest and a follow up posttest three weeks later. Results A Wilcoxon rank sum test was performed to determine if statistically significant differences between the pretest and posttest scores of the experimental and control groups existed. There was no statistically significant difference in scores on the pre-test, which confirmed successful randomization. There was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.02) on the posttest scores between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion 3D printed models promise as an effective educational tool for resident learning with respect to acetabular fractures, improving short-term understanding of complex anatomy and classification systems.
Integration of supply chain management and quality management within a quality focused organizational framework

A paucity of research has explored the integration of supply chain management (SCM) and quality management (QM) within an overall organizational context. The investigation of integrating SCM and QM...
Understanding Posttreatment Patient-Provider Communication and Follow-Up Care Among Self-Identified Rural Cancer Survivors in Illinois.

PURPOSE As disparities in rural-urban cancer survivorship rates continue to widen, optimizing patient-provider communication regarding timely follow-up care is a potential mechanism to improving survivorship-related outcomes. The current study examines sociodemographic and health predictors of posttreatment patient-provider communication and follow-up care and associations between written communication and timely follow-up care for cancer survivors who identify as rural. METHODS Data were analyzed from posttreatment cancer survivor respondents of the Illinois Rural Cancer Assessment Study. The current study tested associations between sociodemographic variables and health factors on the quality of patient-provider communication and timely posttreatment follow-up care, defined as visits ≤ 3 months posttreatment, and associations between the receipt of written patient-provider communication on timely posttreatment follow-up care. RESULTS Among 90 self-identified rural cancer survivors, respondents with annual incomes < $50,000 and ≤ High School diploma were more likely to report a high quality of posttreatment patient-provider communication. Posttreatment written communication was reported by 62% of the respondents and 52% reported timely follow-up visits during the first 3 years of posttreatment care. Patients who reported receiving written patient-provider communication were more likely to have timely posttreatment follow-up care after completing active treatment than patients who had not received written patient-provider communication. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that written patient-provider communication improved timely follow-up care for self-identified rural cancer survivors. This research supports policy and practice that recommend the receipt of written survivorship care plans. Implementation of written survivorship care recommendations has the potential to improve survivorship care for rural cancer survivors.
Dual Pathologies: Pial Arteriovenous Fistula in Combination with an Arteriovenous Malformation.

Background A pial arteriovenous fistula (PAVF) is a rare neurovascular pathology consisting of a direct connection between one or more arterial feeders and a single venous channel. A PAVF was previously considered a subtype of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM). In the current literature these are distinguished as two independent entities with different clinical, physiopathologic, and structural characteristics. We report a case of a surgically treated 37-year-old woman with an extremely rare combination of an unruptured PAVF and AVM. Patient The AVM was mainly supplied by feeders of the middle cerebral artery and drained into the sigmoid sinus via an abnormally dilated and tortuous vein. Following its resection, intraoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the hybrid operating room revealed the presence of a PAVF that had not been noted during the preoperative planning. Hence the PAVF was completely disconnected as confirmed by DSA again. Conclusion This is the second reported case of an AVM-associated PAVF. Without the intraoperative DSA in the hybrid operating room, this unusual complex cerebrovascular entity would likely have been missed.
Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition

This chapter reviews the growth and material characterization of β-Ga2O3 grown via the low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) method. The growth of β-Ga2O3 thin films, with Si as a demonstrated effective and controllable n-type dopant, on off-axis c-sapphire and native Ga2O3 substrates are discussed. LPCVD growth of β-Ga2O3 rod structures on 3C-SiC substrates is also discussed. From the crystal structural characterization and electron transport measurements, LPCVD-grown β-Ga2O3 materials exhibit high quality with great promises for high power electronic and short-wavelength optoelectronic device applications.
12 – The Clinical Performance of UHMWPE in Elbow Replacements

Due to its important role in manipulating the hand, loss of elbow function can impair many activities of daily living leading to diminished quality of life. Although total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) has been successfully used for the treatment of relatively inactive patients with rheumatoid arthritis, implant survival has been limited when used for treatment of osteoarthritis or trauma. Like the knee, the axis of rotation of the elbow shifts in both position and orientation during flexion. This makes the use of a fixed-hinge device unacceptable for TEA. Early fixed hinge TEA systems, although inherently stabile, suffered from early loosening because of increased forces induced at the cement by this unnatural constraint. Compared to the knee, stability of the natural elbow depends to a greater degree on the conforming bony anatomy and to a lesser degree on the soft tissue structures. For this reason, it has been difficult to design a TEA system that relies purely on joint resurfacing for patients with compromised soft tissue function. As will be discussed in this chapter, modern implants are generally based on two types of designs: (1) resurfacing type implants, (2) linked hinge devices that depend on a “sloppy hinge” design to allow some degree of joint laxity. Both types of design rely on a metal on UHMWPE bearing couple for function. As TEA designs have improved, so has the survival of the devices. This has led to the usage of TEA for increased indications rather than as a salvage procedure. According to National Inpatient Survey, the number of primary TEA procedures performed has increased 2.5-fold between 1993 and 2006. However, as the longevity of TEA has increased, UHMWPE wear and osteolysis have become an increased concern. In this chapter, we will review the basic anatomy of the elbow joint, address contemporary and historic designs as well as design related issues for TEA.
Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction of antiferromagnetic materials

The interface between a ferromagnet (FM) or antiferromagnet (AFM) and a heavy metal (HM) results in an antisymmetric exchange interaction known as the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (iDMI) which favors noncollinear spin configurations. The iDMI is responsible for stabilizing noncollinear spin textures such as skyrmions in materials with bulk inversion symmetry. Interfacial DMI values have been previously determined theoretically and experimentally for FM/HM interfaces, and, in this work, they are calculated for the metallic AFM MnPt and the insulating AFM NiO. The heavy metals considered are W, Re, and Au. Values for the iDMI, exchange, and anisotropy constants are determined for different AFM and HM thicknesses. The iDMI values of the MnPt heterolayers are comparable to those of the common FM materials, and those of NiO are lower. In few-layer films of (001) MnPt, the high spin orbit coupling of the Pt layers can give rise to a small DMI in the absence of a HM layer.
Time to Resolution of Inadvertent Subdural Contrast Injection during a Myelogram: When Can the Study Be Reattempted?

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Inadvertent subdural contrast injections can occur during any myelogram. Currently, there are no guidelines defining when residual subdural iodinated contrast will be cleared and no longer interfere with subsequent procedure and imaging. We investigated the time to resolution of subdural contrast using a 2-day lateral decubitus digital subtraction myelogram and associated CT myelogram data in patients undergoing evaluation for spontaneous intracranial hypotension. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of 63 patients with lateral decubitus digital subtraction myelograms from September 4, 2018, to October 1, 2019, was performed. Patients with 2-day lateral decubitus digital subtraction myelograms on 2 consecutive days, with or without a same-day CT myelogram on day 1 and with a same-day CT myelogram on day 2, were included. Patients with next-day CT covering at least the abdomen and pelvis after either-day injection were also included. In cases of subdural injection, next-day CT scans were evaluated for residual subdural contrast. RESULTS: Of 49 included patients, 5 had subdural injection on day 1, with the second-day CT myelogram available for review. One of these 5 patients had subdural injections on 2 different days and subsequently had chest/abdomen/pelvis CTA a day after the second subdural injection. In all 6 cases of subdural injections, there was complete resolution of subdural contrast on the next-day CT, with the shortest time to resolution of approximately 20.5 hours (range, 20.5–28.5 hours). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that resolution of inadvertently injected subdural contrast occurs within 1 day, and the myelogram can be reattempted as early as the next day.
Old Detroit, New Detroit: “Makers” and the impasse of place change:

In Cruel Optimism, Lauren Berlant describes an impasse as “what it feels like to be in the middle of a shift.” This paper mobilizes that notion of impasse to critically analyze the position of Detr...
Impact of Vaccination and Testing in an Urban Campus model for the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic *

The crisis induced by the Coronavirus pandemic has severely impacted educational institutes. Even with vaccination efforts underway, it is not clear that sufficient confidence will be achieved for schools to reopen soon. This paper considers the impact of vaccination rates and testing rates to reduce infections and hospitalizations and evaluates strategies that will allow educational institute in urban settings to reopen. These strategies are also applicable to businesses and would help plan reopening in order to help the economy. Our analysis is based on a graph model where nodes represent population groups and edges represent population exchanges due to commuting populations. The commuting population is associated with edges and is associated with one of the end nodes of the edge during part of the time period and with the other node during the remainder of the time period. The progression of the disease at each node is determined via compartment models, that include vaccination rates and testing to place infected people in quarantine along with consideration of asymptomatic and symptomatic populations. Applying this to a university population in Chicago with a substantial commuter population, chosen to be 80% as an illustration, provides an analysis which specifies benefits of testing and vaccination strategies over a time period of 150 days.