cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in Insulin-like Growth Factor and Bone Mineral Density Association in Old Age: The Rancho Bernardo Study

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) clearly plays a role in bone metabolism and maintenance, as evidenced by in vitro and animal studies. In clinical studies, the age-related decrease in IGF-I parallels the age-related decrease in bone mineral density (BMD), but several age-adjusted cross-sectional studies show no consistent association of IGF-I and BMD. We report here a cross-sectional study of serum IGF-I and BMD levels in 483 men and 455 postmenopausal women not using estrogen; subjects were 55 years of age and older, community-dwelling, ambulatory, and unselected for bone density. IGF-I was measured by a highly specific radioimmunoassay. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine and hip using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Men had higher IGF-I and BMD levels than women. In age-adjusted and age-stratified models, IGF-I was associated with BMD only in women (test for interaction, p 0.6). Circulating estradiol levels were not associated with IGF-I levels in either gender, testosterone was inversely associated with IGF-I and only in men. This striking gender difference has not been described previously. Its etiology is unknown. The answer could lead to improved understanding of gender differences in osteoporosis and in response to treatment with IGF-I or growth hormone.
The Life Cycle of an Extratropical Marine Cyclone. Part II: Mesoscale Structure and Diagnostics

Abstract This is the second of two articles describing the evolving structure and selected physical processes within an intense extratropical marine cyclone observed during the Experiment on Rapidly Intensifying Cyclones over the Atlantic (ERICA) field program. Part I describes the 24-h frontal-cyclone evolution through 6-h horizontal analyses of observations taken by specially deployed observing systems from air, land, and sea. Part II presents frontal-scale and precipitation structures and physical processes from analyses based primarily on research aircraft observations taken during three phases of the cyclone's life cycle. Horizontal analyses at 350 m above ground level describe the cyclone's mesoscale frontal baroclinic structure and associated flow patterns. The vertical structure and evolution of the cyclone's cold front, warm front, and bent-back front are illustrated in cross-sectional analyses of potential temperature, wind velocity, potential vorticity (PV), front-relative transverse flow vecto...
Effects ofbis homoallylic and homoallylic hydroxyl substitution on the olefinic13C resonance shifts in fatty acid methyl esters

Substitution of a hydroxyl group at thebis homoallylic position (OH group located three carbons away from the olefinic carbon) in C18 unsaturated fatty acid esters (FAE) induces a 0.73±0.05 ppm upfield and a 0.73±0.06 ppm downfield shift on the δ and e olefinic13C resonances relative to the unsubstituted FAE, respectively. If the hydroxyl group is located on the carboxyl side of the double bond of thebis homoallylic hydroxy fatty acid esters (BHAHFA), the olefinic resonances are uniformly shifted apart by [|1.46+|Δδdbu‖] where Δδdbu represents the absolute value of the double bond resonance separation in the unsubstituted FAE and 1.46 ppm is the sum of the absolute values of the δ and e shift parameters. With hydroxyl substitution on the terminal methyl side of the double bond, the olefinic shift separation is equal to [|1.46−|Δδdbu‖]. In homoallylic (OH group located two carbons away from the olefinic carbon) substituted FAE the γ and δ induced hydroxyl shifts for thecis double bond resonances are +3.08 and −4.63 ppm, respectively while thetrans double bond parameters are +4.06 and −4.18 ppm, respectively. The double bond resonance separation in homoallylic hydroxy fatty acid esters (HAHFA) can be calculated from the formula [|7.71−|Δδdbu‖] forcis and [|8.24−|Δδdbu‖] for thetrans case when the OH substitution is on the carboxyl side of the double bond. Conversely, when the OH resides on the terminal methyl side, the double bond shift separations forcis andtrans isomers are [|7.71+|Δδdbu‖] and [|8.24+|Δδdbu‖], respectively. The derived shift parameters can verify the positions of both the double bond and hydroxyl substitution from the olefinic resonance separation in long-chain fatty acid derivatives, obviating the need for destructive analytical methods.
Study of Nitrate Metabolism of Escherichia coli Using Fluorescence

Public concern about environmental nitrate contamination has increased significantly. To investigate the nitrate metabolism of Escherichia coli, profiles of NAD(P)H fluorescence responding to nitrate/nitrite additions to anaerobic E. coli cultures at the resting or minimum-growth state were monitored by an on-line fluorometer. Two different types of fluorescence profiles were observed. Upon nitrate addition, the fluorescence signal dropped instantaneously, indicating the presence of NAD(P)H-dependent nitrate/nitrite reductases, without previous nitrate/nitrite induction. The signal remained at that level until all of the nitrate was reduced. In some cases, the signal then directly rose back to the earlier anaerobic level. In others, it partially recovered to an intermediate level, remained at that level for a period much longer than the first stage, and then returned to the anaerobic level. The single-stage response implied that the nitrite formed by nitrate reduction was totally converted to ammonium simultaneously. The two-stage response, however, resulted from intermediate nitrite accumulation: the rise in fluorescence at the end of the first stage signified nitrate depletion, and the second stage corresponded to reduction of the nitrite accumulated in the first stage. This is supported by the specific rates of nitrate and nitrite reduction determined from the fluorescence profiles. While the former (0.0138 ± 0.0026 g of NO3−-N/(g of cells)-h) was about the same in all the runs conducted, the latter was found to be 1 order of magnitude lower than the former in cultures showing the two-stage response. The presence of ammonium, at 0–50 ppm NH4+-N, was found to have no appreciable effect on the nitrate reduction rate for the E. coli studied.
A long-term prospective analysis of pediatric unilateral inguinal hernias: should laparoscopy or anything else influence the management of the contralateral side?

Abstract Purpose To prospectively determine if children who present with a unilateral inguinal hernia can be identified as at risk for developing a metachronous inguinal hernia (MIH) based on risk factors and laparoscopic findings of the contralateral internal ring. Materials and methods Between April 2000 and October 2004, 299 patients with a unilateral inguinal hernia were followed prospectively. Laparoscopy was attempted in each child. Bilateral repair was only performed in those with contralateral swelling or crepitus during laparoscopic evaluation. All other children were followed regardless of laparoscopic findings. Risk factors to include premature delivery, family history and increased abdominal pressure were recorded. Clinical follow up and annual phone interviews were performed to determine the development of a MIH. Results Thirteen patients underwent initial bilateral inguinal hernia repair. Of the remaining 286 patients (272 boys, 14 girls; ages 54 ± 50.8 months), laparoscopy revealed 127 closed, 48 cleft and 67 open (contralateral patent processus vaginalis) contralateral internal rings, and in 44 laparoscopy was not possible due to a small hernia. Of 222 patients followed for 53.2 months (30.1–82.5 months), 15 (6.8%) developed a MIH. When comparing age, gender, laterality, laparoscopic findings, family history, premature birth and intra-abdominal pressure, only family history exhibited a significant risk for MIH (33% vs 7.7%). However, 16/21 children with a family history never developed a MIH, and 47/53 children with a contralateral patent processus vaginalis have yet to develop one. Conclusions Risk factors and laparoscopic findings failed to predict the few children who would develop a MIH. The contralateral side should not be routinely explored by any methodology.
Numerical solution of the dynamic stability problems

A novel integral equation technique is employed for the analysis of dynamic stability problems. The governing equation of the linearized parametric resonance problem is transformed into an integral equation. The kernel of the integral equation is computed as the influence function for the deflection and/or bending moment of a corresponding beam. The highest derivative of the governing function (in our case fourth derivative of the displacement function) is chosen as the basic unknown. Using the formal analogy with the differential equation of the beam flexure this highest derivative is comprehended as some unknown transverse ‘load’. The distribution of this ‘load’ is a priori assumed to be polygonal. Using elementary methods of structural analysis, the displacements due to the assumed ‘load’ are determined. These displacements, arrayed into a square matrix, approximate the kernel of the governing integral equation. The subsequent procedure via Hill's determinant is a conventional one. The results prove to be accurate enough even for a very modest number of points of integration. This reflects the fact that the method is based on numerical integration rather than on numerical differentiation.
Determination of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in single lymphocytes from normal and leukemia cell lines

This work demonstrates that our previously developed technique for single-erythrocyte analysis by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF) can be applied to study individual lymphocytes, with some modification in the cell lysing procedure. A tesla coil was shown to be capable of lysing the lymphocyte cells inside the capillary. The electromagnetic field induced by the tesla coil was believed to be responsible for breaking the cell membrane. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme activities and the relative ratios between different LDH isoenzymes were measured for normal lymphocytes as well as B-type and T-type acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Both the LDH activity and the isoenzyme ratios show large variations among individual cells. The former is expected due to variations in cell size. The latter implies that single-cell measurements are less useful than the average values over a cell population as markers for leukemia.
An integrated multicomputer DSS design for transport planning using embedded computer simulation and database tools

Abstract Goods movement is probably the most neglected issue in transport planning. What work has been done is largely restricted to urban goods movement. A major project funded by the Arizona Department of Transportation has resulted in a unique Decision Support System for transportation planners of highway goods movement. This paper presents the design of that system. Some of the system's unique features include: (1) use of both mainframe and microcomputers to form an integrated interface, (2) use of a database language to organize and preprocess mail survey data and topology data, and (3) use of a discrete-event computer simulation model to perform “what-if” scenarios in a statistically valid manner. All components of the system are accessed through a user-friendly menu structure which assists in both data manipulation and the translation of simulation experiment output into summaries of commodity type, weight distribution, capacity analysis, safety implications, and pavement maintenance. This DSS, named AFNA (Arizona Freight Network Analysis), is the first involving simultaneous embedded computer simulation and database tools. It is complete and now in use providing ADOT transportation engineers with new planning capabilities.
Religious bias and stigma: attitudes toward working with a Muslim co-worker

Using social identity and stigma frameworks, this study investigated the extent to which Christians exhibited biased reactions toward a Muslim co-worker. The authors hypothesized that Christians would view a potential Muslim co-worker as lower on competence and less desirable in terms of a working relationship and would be less attracted to an organization when a potential co-worker was Muslim, and that these in-group preferences would be moderated by participant religiosity. Though no main effect for religious group affiliation was found, moderator analyses revealed that highly religious individuals had a lower desire to establish working relationships with or work for a firm employing a prospective Muslim co-worker, while lower religiosity individuals exhibited no such preferences. Research and practical implications are discussed.
Behavioural type in newly emerged steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss does not predict growth rate in a conventional hatchery rearing environment

Behavioural assays were conducted on newly emerged steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss to investigate the presence of behavioural syndromes and to determine whether behavioural type in young fish predicts growth rate in a conventional hatchery rearing environment. Individual fry were consistent in their position choice and activity behaviours across safe and unsafe contexts, as well as among assays conducted on different days. Position choice and activity behaviours, however, were not necessarily correlated to each other. Both behaviours predicted feeding rates during behavioural assays, but there was no relationship between fry behaviour and subsequent growth rate or survival during the first 3 months of hatchery rearing. These results support the hypothesis that selection in captivity may be relaxed with respect to behavioural type rather than directional, allowing for increased behavioural variance in domesticated populations. Modest magnitudes of correlations among fry behaviours, however, suggest that behavioural type may be unstable at the onset of the juvenile feeding stage.
Theoretical studies of fine-structure effects and long-range forces: approximating the reactive surface of O(3P)+OH(2Π)

Abstract We examine the validity of classical approximations to the long-range potential-energy surface for the reaction O( 3 P)+OH( 2 Π). Several methods of approximating the lowest (reactive) surface are presented. Classical analogs are developed for the quantum-mechanical dipole—quadrupole and quadrupole—quadrupole interaction. An analytical fit to the quantum-mechanical potential-energy surface is provided. Suggestions and guidelines are given for extending these methods to other collision systems.
A variational perspective over an extremal entropy inequality

This paper proposes a novel variational approach for proving the extremal entropy inequality (EEI) [1]. Unlike previous proofs [1], [2], the proposed variational approach is simpler and it does not require neither the classical entropy power inequality (EPI) [1], [2] nor the channel enhancement technique [1]. The proposed approach is versatile and can be easily adapted to numerous other applications such as proving or extending other fundamental information theoretic inequalities such as the EPI, worst additive noise lemma, and Cramer-Rao inequality.
Enhanced EGFP-chromophore-assisted laser inactivation using deficient cells rescued with functional EGFP-fusion proteins

Chromophore-assisted laser inactivation (CALI) is a light-mediated technique that offers precise spatiotemporal control of protein inactivation, enabling better understanding of the protein's role in cell function. EGFP has been used effectively as a CALI chromophore, and its cotranslational attachment to the target protein avoids having to use exogenously added labeling reagents. A potential drawback to EGFP-CALI is that the CALI phenotype can be obscured by the endogenous, unlabeled protein that is not susceptible to light inactivation. Performing EGFP-CALI experiments in deficient cells rescued with functional EGFP-fusion proteins permits more complete loss of function to be achieved. Here, we present a modified lentiviral system for rapid and efficient generation of knockdown cell lines complemented with physiological levels of EGFP-fusion proteins. We demonstrate that CALI of EGFP-CapZβ increases uncapped actin filaments, resulting in enhanced filament growth and the formation of numerous protrusive structures. We show that these effects are completely dependent upon knocking down the endogenous protein. We also demonstrate that CALI of EGFP-Mena in Mena/VASP-deficient cells stabilizes lamellipodial protrusions.
Arnol'd Tongues, Devil's Staircase, and Self-Similarity in the Driven Chua's Circuit

Empirical recurrent relations, governing the structure of the devil’s staircase in the driven Chua’s circuit are given, which reflect the self-similar structure in an algebraic form. In particular, it turns out that the same formulas hold for both winding and period numbers, but with different “initial conditions”. Some of the finer details such as period-doubling along with numerous coexistence phenomena within staircases of mode-locked states have been revealed by computing high-resolution bifurcation diagrams.
Modeling Informatively Missing Genotypes in Haplotype Analysis.

It is common to have missing genotypes in practical genetic studies. The majority of the existing statistical methods, including those on haplotype analysis, assume that genotypes are missing at random—that is, at a given marker, different genotypes and different alleles are missing with the same probabilities. In our previous work, we demonstrated that the violation of this assumption may lead to serious bias in haplotype frequency estimates and haplotype association analysis. We proposed a general missing data model to simultaneously characterize missing data patterns across a set of two or more biallelic markers. We proved that haplotype frequencies and missing data probabilities are identifiable if and only if there is linkage disequilibrium between these markers under the general missing data model. In this study, we extend our work to multi-allelic markers and observe a similar finding. Simulation studies on the analysis of haplotypes consisting of two markers illustrate that our proposed model can ...
Infected Urachal Cyst Initially Misdiagnosed as an Incarcerated Umbilical Hernia

Abstract Background Urachal abnormalities are a rare cause of lower abdominal pain. They are often initially mistaken for more common causes of lower abdominal pain, and the diagnosis is usually made during evaluation for one of these more common conditions. Case Report We report a case of a painful periumbilical mass ultimately diagnosed as an infected urachal cyst. Although the cyst was evident sonographically, it was misidentified as an umbilical hernia, and the correct diagnosis was not made until the patient underwent computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis before surgery. Conclusion Emergency physicians should consider urachal disease in patients presenting with lower abdominal pain and should also be familiar with both the clinical and radiologic findings characteristic of this disease.
Special events: defining goals, planning and measuring success

Successful special events planning and execution are part of a library development officer's job. Understanding the need to set goals early and then properly evaluating the event based upon these goals is essential to measuring the success or failure of the event. Often the only measurement criteria for an event is the profit at the end of the day. Thinking strategically regarding an event, both short‐ and long‐term, will make a difference in the lasting quality of the library development program as well as the libraries’ place on the campus or in the community.
Harknessia lythri, a new species on purple loosestrife.

Purple loosestrife is an introduced plant that has escaped from cultivation to become a noxious weed and is spreading rapidly throughout North America. A fungus that attacks purple loosestrife and may have potential for its biological control is described and illustrated as a new species in the coelomycetous genus Harknessia. This new species, Harknessia lythri, has dark-brown, unicellular conidia with 2-7 widely spaced, narrow, longitudinal slits. Conidiogenesis in both H. eucalypti, type of the genus, and H. lythri is determined to be holoblastic with 1-2 annellides developing on each conidiogen-
Myocardial-cell replacement: the science, the clinic and the future.

Heart failure is increasingly thought to be a myocyte deficiency disease. Therapeutic strategies to increase the number of cardiac muscle cells by direct transplantation are being met with a mixture of enthusiasm and caution. While conceptually attractive, however, the success of this approach remains unproven. The evidence to date is discussed. The traditional view of the heart is of an organ incapable of self-renewal. Hypotheses on the genesis of pump dysfunction in heart failure include emerging concepts of myocyte deficiency due to attritional ischemia and chronic apoptotic cell loss. In the adult heart, inadequate regenerative capacity was presumed to exist to counterbalance such extensive myocyte depletion. Preliminary animal and human studies now challenge the paradigm of myocardial regenerative inadequacy, with findings suggesting that noncardiac cells implanted in the dysfunctional heart augment myocyte deficiency and contractile mass. Data from these studies remain inconclusive and have generated much debate in the basic science and clinical communities. Controversial issues center on the scientific basis for regeneration in the heart, the mechanism of cell-therapy benefit and the safety and appropriateness of clinical trials based on these concepts. This review will evaluate the scientific basis for myocardial-cell replacement, with emphasis on current experimental and human data. We will explore unresolved questions of experimental design, mechanism of action, therapeutic strategies and safety concerns in an era of rising numbers of human cell-therapy trials. Prospects for more widespread clinical application of myocardial-cell replacement and future hurdles to be overcome in this field will also be addressed.
Unusually impacted permanent maxillary central incisor

The patient had a typical mixed denti­ tion with slight malpositioning of perma­ nent maxillary incisors, crowding of the mandibular incisors and neutroclusion of the posterior segments, containing decidu­ ous molars and cuspids as well as per­ manent first molars. The patient had ex­ cellent dental health; all deciduous teeth were sound, and the patient had only one small occlusal amalgam restoration, which was in the permanent maxillary first molar. The root of the deciduous maxillary right central incisor was still retained, and slight exudation of pus was observed when pressure was exerted on the sur­ rounding gingival tissues. The permanent right lateral incisor was tipped mesially, creating 2 mm. of space distal to it. The left central incisor was rotated slightly in a mesiopalatal direction. The space between these two teeth was 5 mm. (Fig. la ) . The incisal margin and root apex of the impacted incisor were palpated at the mucobuccal fold near the labial frenum and on the right side of the palate among the rugae, respectively.
Decorating Graphene Sheets with Gold Nanoparticles

Renewed interest in graphene architectures has opened up new avenues to utilize them in electronic and optoelectronic applications. The desire to design graphene−metal nanohybrid assemblies has led us to explore a solution-based approach of chemical reduction of AuCl4- ions in graphene suspensions. The gold particles anchored on octadecylamine functionalized graphene are readily suspendable in THF medium. The dependence of particle stability on the graphene concentration and SEM analysis indicate that the gold nanoparticles are well dispersed on graphene sheets. Transient absorption spectroscopy measurements suggest that the ultrafast disappearance of plasmon absorption and its recovery are unaffected by the presence of graphene.
NS398 reduces hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-1 activity: Multiple-level effects involving cyclooxygenase-2 dependent and independent mechanisms

Tissue hypoxia is a common feature in solid tumors. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a critical transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes encoding factors that influence tumor growth including vascular endothelial growth factor. Previous studies have demonstrated that post-transcriptional modification events are important for regulation of HIF-1α protein expression and HIF-1 transcriptional activity. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a major end product of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme, induces the basal and hypoxia-induced nuclear relocalization of HIF-1α. This is suppressed by NS398, a COX-2 selective inhibitor. NS398 also inhibits hypoxia-induced angiogenesis, which may be mediated by the inhibition of HIF-1 function in a COX-2-dependent manner. Here, we show that NS398 reduces HIF-1α and HIF-1 transcriptional function in both COX-2 positive PC-3 cells and COX-2 negative HCT116 cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. On the one hand, NS398 decreases the expression of HIF-1α mRNA and reduces HIF-1α synthesis in a COX-2/PGE2 dependent way, which can be restored by addition of exogenous PGE2 that activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/p70s6k signaling pathway. On the other hand, NS398 accelerates HIF-1α degradation by moderately increasing ubiquitination and remarkably promoting the clearance of ubiquitylated protein, an effect most likely independent of COX-2/PGE2 since exogenous PGE2 fails to reverse it. Finally, NS398 decreases hypoxia-induced shifted form of HIF-1α and attenuates HIF-1 activation in greater extent under hypoxic than normoxic conditions. These data not only confirm the inhibitory effect of NS398 on HIF-1α and HIF-1 transcriptional activity but also demonstrate that such an effect occurs at multiple levels involving both COX-2 dependent and independent mechanisms. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Experimental and numerical understanding of localized spin wave mode behavior in broadly tunable spatially complex magnetic configurations

Spin wave modes confined in a ferromagnetic film by the spatially inhomogeneous magnetic field generated by a scanned micromagnetic tip of a ferromagnetic resonance force microscope (FMRFM) enable microscopic imaging of the internal fields and spin dynamics in nanoscale magnetic devices. Here we report a detailed study of spin wave modes in a thin ferromagnetic film localized by magnetic field configurations frequently encountered in FMRFM experiments, including geometries in which the probe magnetic moment is both parallel and antiparallel to the applied uniform magnetic field. We demonstrate that characteristics of the localized modes, such as resonance field and confinement radius, can be broadly tuned by controlling the orientation of the applied field relative to the film plane. Micromagnetic simulations accurately reproduce our FMRFM spectra allowing quantitative understanding of the localized modes. Our results reveal a general method of generating tightly confined spin wave modes in various geometries with excellent spatial resolution that significantly facilitates the broad application of FMRFM. This paves the way to imaging of magnetic properties and spin wave dynamics in a variety of contexts for uncovering new physics of nanoscale spin excitations.
Theory of sixth-order wave aberrations: errata

Several mathematical errors from Appl. Opt.49, D69 (2010) are corrected in this erratum.APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.49.000D69
Multigrid method for the random-resistor problem.

We discuss the problem of solving large linear systems of equations that arise in lattice systems with disorder. Three examples of this kind of problem are (i) computing currents in a random-resistor network, (ii) computing the fermion (quark) propagator in lattice quantum chromodynamics, and (iii) the discrete Schr\"odinger operator with a random potential (the Anderson model of localization). We show that the algebraic multigrid is a very effective way to compute currents in a random-resistor network. It is likely that similar techniques will apply to the other problems.
Monitoring the capacity of working memory: Executive control and effects of listening effort

In two experiments, we used an interruption-and-recall (IAR) task to explore listeners’ ability to monitor the capacity of working memory as new information arrived in real time. In this task, listeners heard recorded word lists with instructions to interrupt the input at the maximum point that would still allow for perfect recall. Experiment 1 demonstrated that the most commonly selected segment size closely matched participants’ memory span, as measured in a baseline span test. Experiment 2 showed that reducing the sound level of presented word lists to a suprathreshold but effortful listening level disrupted the accuracy of matching selected segment sizes with participants’ memory spans. The results are discussed in terms of whether online capacity monitoring may be subsumed under other, already enumerated working memory executive functions (inhibition, set shifting, and memory updating).
Isotope Trapping and Kinetic Isotope Effect Studies of Rat Liver α-(2→6)-Sialyltransferase†

A mechanistic study of rat liver α-(2→6) sialyltransferase (ST) is presented that includes isotope trapping experiments and kinetic isotope effects on V/K for the ST-catalyzed reaction of isotopica...
Effect of environmental stress on regulation of gene expression in the yeast

Abstract Several mathematical models have been proposed to predict the activation state of a transcription factor (TF) from the expression levels of its target genes. This inference problem is complicated however due to the fact that different genes may be regulated by different activation schemes (linear, exponential, sigmoidal, etc.). In addition to transcription regulation, the rate of gene expression at any instantaneous point in time is also determined by the independent rates of baseline production and degradation. Consequently, the set of solutions to any model equations describe an infinite number of trajectories in probability space, thus rendering the problem NP-hard. In the current study we used a Gaussian process (GP) approach to address this inverse problem. Experimental gene expression data were modeled by a putative linear activation scheme and discrepancy between theory and experiment was modeled by a GP. Model hyperparameters were calculated using maximum likelihood estimates to generate continuous TF state-space profiles. Identifiability of model parameters was optimized by obtaining TF state-space functions for multiple genes simultaneously . We found that model parameters were sensitive to environmental stress conditions, producing different state-space profiles for different stresses.
Replacement of Deformed Side-Face Steel Reinforcement in Deep Beams With Steel Fibers

Abstract The purpose of this study was to quantify the amount of steel fibers needed to supplement the minimum distributed side face reinforcement requirement for deep beams. The ability of steel fibers to supplant conventional reinforcement was quantified in terms of the serviceability performance or maximum diagonal crack width measured during testing. To achieve the goal of this study, the research plan included the fabrication and testing of nine 300 mm wide by 460 mm deep specimens with a shear span-to-depth ratio of 1.8. Experimental variables included the volumetric percentage of steel fibers and transverse web reinforcement. The diagonal crack widths for specimens were compared with one another and this relationship was used to quantify their serviceability performance. Upon completion of the proposed study, the authors observed that the serviceability performance of deep beams reinforced solely with fibers was equivalent to beams reinforced solely with conventional web reinforcement. The performance of beams reinforced with a combination of steel fibers and conventional reinforcement was further improved. These results provide preliminary support for replacing conventional web reinforcement in deep beams with steel fibers.
A Bio-Psycho-Social model enhances young adults’ understanding of and beliefs about people with Alzheimer's disease: A case study

The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is predicted to grow by multiples in the coming decades, and today's young adults will be formal and/or informal caregivers in unprecedented numbers. Their ability to support the independence and well-being of people with AD will depend on their ability to identify intact social and cognitive abilities, selfhood, and needs of people with AD. This case study, conducted in an undergraduate seminar, provides preliminary, suggestive evidence for the educational advantages of a Bio-Psycho-Social approach to understanding these aspects of people with AD. Findings revealed a striking increase in students’ accurate understanding of: (1) the losses due to AD; (2) intact positive qualities in and inaccurate negative stereotypes about people with AD; and (3) important needs of people with AD. These are discussed in light of extant theory. The application of this approach in the case of one student and her family is explored.
A New Microsporidan Parasite from the Pink Shrimp (Penaeus duorarum)

Abstract A new species of microsporidian (sporozoan) parasite in the musculature of the pink shrimp Penaeus duorarum from three locations in south Florida is described. The name Thelohania duorata n. sp. is suggested for this parasite which causes a milky white color in pink shrimp. The ovoid spores measured 5.4 by 3.6 microns and had a polar filament of uniform diameter and 38 microns in length.
Apomorphine-induced motor behavior in rats exposed prenatally to alcohol.

Abstract We psychopharmacologically examined dopamine function in rats exposed to ethanol prenatally. Pregnant rats received liquid diets of 35% or 0% ethanol-derived calories (EDC), or ad lib lab chow (LC). Twenty-eight-day-old offspring received systemic doses of apomorphine chosen to stimulate predominantly presynaptic (0.02 or 0.1 mg/kg) or postsynaptic dopamine receptors (2.0 or 5.0 mg/kg). Behavior was scored automatically for 60 min in an “open field.” For males, prenatal ethanol exposure resulted in a dose-response shift to the left for locomotor activity. Females exposed to the liquid diet, with or without ethanol, showed less of an increase in locomotor activity following the 5.0 mg/kg dose of apomorphine than did LC controls. There were no effects of prenatal treatment on repetitious motor behavior in the automated “open field” or on stereotypy scored by direct observation in separate groups of rats. The results are consistent with an hypothesis that prenatal ethanol exposure alters the sensitivity of postsynaptic (perhaps mesolimbic) dopamine systems important to locomotor activity in young male rats.
Low mean internodal distance network topologies and simulated annealing

Networks have been found through simulated annealing with mean internodal distances lower than any previously reported for a given number of nodes N with a maximum of p outgoing links per node. These networks form the closest known approximations to Moore networks. However, the improvements in mean internodal distance obtained are relatively small (a few percent) and this improvement decreases rapidly with increasing p. The relation between average nodal switching complexity and mean internodal distance is briefly explored through simulated annealing. Initial sharp decreases in mean internodal distance can be obtained through moderate increases in switching complexity. However, further decreases require much larger increases in average complexity. >
Active thermal compensator for diode laser stabilization on closed-cycle refrigerators

Cycling of a closed-cycle refrigerator produces temperature oscillations at the cold-tip which may be 0.5 K peak-to-peak. An active diode heater is described which compensates for the varying temperature and reduces the oscillations at the sample to about 0.003 K peak-to-peak at 9.5 K.
Paper‐Based Electrochemical Biosensors: From Test Strips to Paper‐Based Microfluidics

Papers based biosensors such as lateral flow test strips and paper-based microfluidic devices are inex- pensive, rapid, flexible, and easy-to-use analytical tools for point-of-care diagnosis. An apparent trend in their de- tection is to interpret sensing results from qualitative as- sessment to quantitative determination. Electrochemical (EC) detection plays an important role in quantifying test results. This review focuses on paper-based biosensors with EC detection. The first part provides detailed exam- ples in lateral flow test strips while the second part gives an overview of paper microfluidics. The outlook and rec- ommendation of future directions of papers based EC biosensors are discussed in the end.
A Reader's Guide to The Self Possessed

The Self Possessed is a book about deity and spirit possession in Sanskrit literature and culture. The reader might assume that this would make for a slender volume, since accounts of possession are not common in South Asia before the modern period. But if one assumes that, one would be wrong. On the contrary, weighing in at more than six hundred pages of text and notes, this tome is anything but slender. One of the ways that Frederick M. Smith has produced a book of such length is by considering many texts, ideas, and practices that are not about possession per se, but which he believes bear some similarity to it. And he finds this possessionlike data in an incredibly broad range of sources, including but by no means limited to Vedic literature, the epics (more the Mahabharata than the Ramayana), philosophical works, fiction, and in Tantra and Ayurveda. This is a lengthy and wide-ranging argument and, if one is convinced by it, an important one. Given its length and the complexity of much of the analysis, this could not but be a difficult book. In my reading, its difficulty is exacerbated by the fact that there are a number of tensions that run through the text. It is not as if these problems go unacknowledged by Smith. On the contrary, he wrestles with them repeatedly over the course of the book. Still, they make for a complex and subtle argument and may give the reader pause,
Roy Chapman Andrews and the business of exploring: cetology and conservation in progressive America

Abstract Whale Croquettes – 3 cups left-over cold roast whale, finely chopped; 1 teaspoonful salt, trifle pepper; 3 tablespoonfuls melted butter; 1 1/4 teaspoonful savory (optional); 2 springs parsley, finely chopped; 1 large onion, finely chopped; 6 to 8 walnuts, finely chopped (optional); cup dried bread crumbs 1 .
Molybdenum carbide catalysts 3. Turnover rates for the hydrogenolysis of n-butane

Abstract The hydrogenolysis of n-butane was studied on Mo and M02C supported on A12O3 as well as on bulk carbides Mo2C and α-MoC1-x. Well-reduced molybdenum clusters supported on Al2O3 were prepared according to the method of Burwell and co-workers. The clusters were transformed in CH4H2 mixtures into M02C as shown by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Turnover rates, vt, referred to the number of surface metal atoms titrated by irreversible chemisorption of CO were very high both on supported and unsupported catalysts. The value of vt for supported Mo2C clusters was slightly less than that for Ru and Os, the most active metals known for the hydrogenolysis of alkanes. The reaction was found to be structure-sensitive since vt, values changed with particle size and crystal structure of catalysts. The presence of polymeric carbon on the surface, or possibly oxygen, and the structure sensitivity of the reaction seem responsible for the low vt of unsupported Mo2C reported previously. Molybdenum surfaces that were initially metallic transformed to carbides under reaction conditions, indicating that the active catalytic phase of metallic Mo was also Mo2C.
A Perfect Prosecution: The People of the State of New York v. Dominique Strauss-Kahn

The presumption of innocence may be the foundational principle of the American criminal justice system, but the presumption of guilt is its operational force. The U.S. Supreme Court acknowledged this reality in two notable criminal law decisions in 2012, Lafler v. Cooper and Missouri v. Frye, when it described the criminal process as “a system of pleas, not a system of trials”. People v. Strauss-Kahn is an ideal lens through which to examine this process. It is both an excellent example of a transparent and objective invocation of the criminal sanction, and a sharp counterpoint to the vast majority of cases where law enforcement conclusions are trusted and rarely second-guessed. Stage by stage, the Strauss-Kahn case illustrates how to counterbalance the presumption of guilt and give expression to the presumption of innocence in the pretrial period through vigilantly-invoked and enforced due process protections. Drawing from this examination, the paper will then explore how to approach this model process in the more standard cases, which typically see a fraction of the judicial, law enforcement, and defense resources afforded Dominique Strauss-Kahn. The Strauss-Kahn prosecution offers several insights, three of which will be sketched at the paper’s conclusion: a requirement that prosecutorial decision-making be subject to a reasonable doubt standard; early enforcement of the prosecutor’s obligation to disclose information that is favorable to the accused; and finally, a requirement that a prosecutor explain in writing any decision to dismiss the felony charges in indicted felony cases, so that the factual, legal and policy bases of these decisions (numbering almost one quarter of New York’s superior court felony cases annually) can be aggregated, analyzed and publicized.
MicroRNAs en route to the clinic: progress in validating and targeting microRNAs for cancer therapy

In normal cells multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) converge to maintain a proper balance of various processes, including proliferation, differentiation and cell death. miRNA dysregulation can have profound cellular consequences, especially because individual miRNAs can bind to and regulate multiple mRNAs. In cancer, the loss of tumour-suppressive miRNAs enhances the expression of target oncogenes, whereas increased expression of oncogenic miRNAs (known as oncomirs) can repress target tumour suppressor genes. This realization has resulted in a quest to understand the pathways that are regulated by these miRNAs using in vivo model systems, and to comprehend the feasibility of targeting oncogenic miRNAs and restoring tumour-suppressive miRNAs for cancer therapy. Here we discuss progress in using mouse models to understand the roles of miRNAs in cancer and the potential for manipulating miRNAs for cancer therapy as these molecules make their way towards clinical trials.
Augustine's Use of Scripture

Augustine lived at a critical moment in western European history. On the last day of the year 406, many Vandals, Alani, Suevi crossed the Rhine and, having defeated the Franks, settled for a time in Gaul and finally reached the Pyrenees. Four years later Rome itself fell to Alaric and his Visigoths. In addition to these outward catastrophes, the church's inner life suffered from the assaults of heretic and schismatic. Arianism persisted in Gaul, Montanism and Manichaeism were rife in North Africa. Puritanic Donatism laid claim to being genuine Christianity, a claim which the doughty Bishop of Hippo could not countenance.
Reliability Analyses of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery Summary and Localization Scales by Diagnostic Group: A Follow-Up Study

Reliability analyses were computed for the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB) summary and localization scales using coefficient alpha as a measure of internal consistency. Separate reliability analyses were carried out for a mixed group of brain-damaged patients and neurologically normal groups of psychotic (schizophrenic or schizoaffective disorder) and alcoholic patients. The basic LNNB summary scales appeared to have adequate internal consistency for the three groups sampled. The localization scales were internally consistent for the mixed brain-damaged group, but caution was urged in the use of these scales with the psychotic and alcoholic groups in clinical practice. Their further experimental development was encouraged. Use of ipsative comparison tables based on mixed psychiatric and brain-damaged patients were recommended for clinical use only with mixed brain-damaged patients.
Adrenoleukodystrophy and the mitochondrial connection: clues for supplementing Lorenzo’s oil

The 1992 American film ‘Lorenzo’s Oil’ became a euphemism for finding cures for devastating neurological diseases. Lorenzo’s disease was adrenoleukodystrophy, which is caused by defects in peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation. The defect results in the accumulation of very-long chain fatty acids in several organs, particularly the adrenal cortex, testis and the nervous system. Myelinated tissues are most severely affected, underlying the chief clinical symptoms, which can vary from vegetative state in early childhood to paraparesis in adulthood (Kemp et al. , 2012). The genetic cause of adrenoleukodystrophy was identified as recessive mutations in the X-linked ABCD1 gene (Mosser et al. , 1993), which codes for a peroxisomal membrane transporter responsible for shuttling very long chain fatty acids into peroxisomes. Although mitochondria are major sites of lipid catabolism, these very long chain fatty acids (>22 carbons) cannot be metabolized in mitochondria, and need to gain access to peroxisomes to be degraded. Interestingly, not all males with adrenoleukodystrophy develop CNS demyelination and consequent neuroinflammation, suggesting that modifying factors (genetic, epigenetic and environmental) play a role in the CNS symptoms of adrenoleukodystrophy. Although the pathophysiology of adrenoleukodystrophy is not fully understood, individuals with adrenoleukodystrophy show high levels of saturated very long chain fatty acids—mostly cerotic acid (C26:0)—in affected tissues. Free saturated fatty acids are known inducers of apoptosis and this effect increases with chain length (Artwohl et al. , 2009). Accordingly, exposure of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes to C22:0, C24:0 and C26:0 (but not C16:0) fatty acids caused cell …
Surface Chemistry of Trimethyl Phosphate on α-Fe2O3

The chemistry of trimethyl phosphate (TMP) was examined on the (012) crystallographic face of hematite (α-Fe2O3) using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SSIMS), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). TMP adsorbed at Fe3+ sites on the clean α-Fe2O3(012) surface through lone pair electrons on the P═O oxygen atom. A small portion of adsorbed TMP desorbed without decomposition; however, the majority of adsorbed TMP decomposed on the clean surface in a two-step process. The first step, occurring at or below room temperature, involved displacement of one methoxy group of TMP to form a surface methoxy and adsorbed dimethyl phosphate (DMP). In the second step, adsorbed DMP decomposed above 500 K to a 1:1 ratio of gaseous methanol and formaldehyde leaving phosphate on the surface. The phosphate was stable on the α-Fe2O3(012) surface to 950 K. Identification of these steps was assisted by using the chemistry o...