cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Theology and Law

Religion and law are a common topic of academic writing. This article, however, examines a different but related field -- Theology and Law. The topic of theology and law differs from the topic of religion and law in that it examines religious themes such as Sin and Grace, focusing on the divine themes and their interaction with law rather than law’s interaction with religion itself. This article draws out and introduces common themes in the study of theology and law.
Compatibility of FeCrAlMo with flowing PbLi at 500°-650 °C

Abstract To explore the upper temperature limit of a fusion blanket utilizing eutectic Pb-17at.%Li for tritium breeding, a series of three mono-metallic thermal convection loops have been fabricated from alloy APMT (Fe–21Cr–5Al–3Mo) and operated with commercial PbLi and increasing peak temperatures of 550°, 600° and 650 °C, flow rates of 0.4–0.7 cm/s and temperature gradients of 85–115 °C. Chains of APMT specimens including 25 mm long tensile specimens were hung in the hot and cold legs of the loops to evaluate post-exposure room temperature tensile properties after 1000 h exposures in each experiment. For specimens exposed to flowing PbLi above 500 °C, only minor changes in tensile properties were observed after exposure. Most APMT specimens were pre-oxidized to form alumina prior to exposure and exhibited small mass losses as the alumina was partially transformed to α-LiAlO2 that tended to spall after exposure. Specimens without pre-oxidation exhibited higher mass losses and formed γ-LiAlO2 but with less spallation. While promising for increasing blanket temperatures, the small mass losses suggest that the surface oxide is not completely stable. However, even at the highest temperatures, there was no indication of classic dissolution/precipitation behavior suggesting that higher temperature compatibility may be possible.
MicroPET and bio-distribution of [11C]SR48692, a selective antagonist for neurotensin receptor 1, in a nude mouse model bearing two subcutaneous human pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenografts, MIA PaCa-2

1396 Objectives: Neurotensin receptor 1 (NTR1) is a therapeutic target1 and overexpressed in most pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) tissues.2,3 SR48692 (Meclinertant) is a selective small molecule antagonist for NTR1 and inhibited neurotensin-induced proliferation of NTR1-overexpressing human PA cells and xenografts in nude mouse models.3-7 We assessed the potential use of SR48692 as a PET tracer and anticancer drug by investigating the specific binding of [11C]SR48692 to NTR1-overexpressing human PA cells and its bio-distribution in nude mouse models bearing subcutaneous human PA xenografts. A dynamic microPET with [11C]SR48692 was performed for the same mouse model to confirm the bio-distribution data. Methods: [11C]SR48692 was synthesized by reacting the corresponding O-desmethyl precursor with [11C]CH3I and Cs2CO3 in DMF at 135oC for 10 minutes and a subsequent deprotection of the t-butyl ester with trifluoroacetic acid. NTR1 overexpression in two PA cell lines, MIA PaCa-2 and PDX, was measured by immunofluorescence imaging using a NTR1 antibody (sc-7598, Santa Cruz Biotechnology). [11C]SR48692 was incubated in 0.5 mL of 0.5 million cell suspensions for 10 and 20 minutes and the cell-binding radioactivities were compared with 1% of the total incubated activity. The specific binding was measured by co-incubating SR48692 (2 and 22 μM) for 20 minutes. A mouse model was constructed by subcutaneously injecting 1 million MIA PaCa-2 cells into the lower back of a 5 - 6 week old nude mouse (2 month growth, 0.5 - 1.0 cm length) and the other side (2 week growth, invisible). 3.7 - 7.4 MBq of [11C]SR48692 was injected into the tail vein of eight mice and four mice were sacrificed in 15 and 60 minutes after injection. Blood, muscle, tumors, and 9 organs were dissected and their radioactivities and masses were measured. The specific bindings of [11C]SR48692 in 60 minutes after injection were measured by co-injecting SR48692 (100 μL of 1 mg/mL solution). A dynamic microPET for 1 hour was performed by Siemens Inveon microPET/CT scanner for the same nude mouse model after injecting 3.7 MBq of [11C]SR48692 and the image was reconstructed by the ASIPro software. Results: NTR1 is overexpressed in MIA PaCa-2 and PDX cell line while its expression is under the detection limit in a normal pancreatic epithelial cell line. [11C]SR48692 bound to MIA PaCa-2 and PDX cells and its binding reduced by co-incubation of SR48692 in a concentration-dependent manner. [11C]SR48692 did not show specific binding to subcutaneous MIA PaCa-2 xenografts and showed high uptake in liver, pancreas, and small intestine, which was confirmed by microPET image. Conclusions: SR48692 showed specific binding to NTR1-overexpressing PA cells but it showed typical characteristics of a highly lipophilic compound for the in vivo bio-distribution. Its lipophilicity should be improved significantly to develop its analogs as PET tracers and anticancer drugs.
Pharmacogenomics of treatment response in major depressive disorder

Abstract Antidepressants are widely used to treat major depressive disorder. However, many patients have a suboptimal response to specific pharmacotherapy, and thus identification of factors that contribute to treatment response is a high priority. It is increasingly recognized that genetic variation, both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic, can influence antidepressant treatment outcomes. Candidate gene studies have provided insights into antidepressant pharmacogenomics, but also often produced inconsistent findings. Because of inadequate power, genome-wide association studies have identified limited genetic variation that impacts antidepressant response. Ongoing efforts include large collaborative studies to identify additional relevant genetic variation, and application of novel analytical methods to further our understanding of antidepressant pharmacogenomics. Nevertheless, tests that pharmacogenetically guide antidepressant selection have become available in clinical practice, and there is much hope that such tests will be improved over the next decade, and will have an important positive impact on patient outcomes.
Health-Related Fitness in Homeschool versus Public School Adolescents

Background: Despite the known benefits of physical fitness in adolescence, the growing and at-risk homeschool adolescent population has been largely overlooked in current research. Purpose: The pur...
Kinetic versus thermodynamic metalation enables synthesis of isostructural homo- and heterometallic trinuclear clusters

Temperature-dependent metalation of the new hexadentate ligand (tris(5-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methane; H3TPM) enables the selective synthesis of both mononuclear (i.e. Na(THF)4[Fe(TPM)], kinetic product) and trinuclear (i.e. Fe3(TPM)2, thermodynamic product) complexes. Exposure of Na(THF)4[Fe(TPM)] to FeCl2 or ZnCl2 triggers cluster expansion to generate homo- or heterometallic trinuclear complexes, respectively. The developed approach enables systematic variation of ion content in isostructural metal clusters via programmed assembly.
Noninvasive Ventilation Use in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Asthma Exacerbations

Rationale: Noninvasive ventilation decreases the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease but has not been well studied in asthma.Objectives: To assess the association between noninvasive ventilation and subsequent need for invasive mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality among patients admitted with asthma exacerbation to the ICU.Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using administrative data collected during 2010-2017 from 682 hospitals in the United States. Outcomes included receipt of invasive mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality. Generalized estimating equations, propensity-matched models, and marginal structural models were used to assess the association between noninvasive ventilation and outcomes.Measurements and Main Results: The study population included 53,654 participants with asthma exacerbation. During the study period, 13,540 patients received noninvasive ventilation (25.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 24.9-25.6%), 14,498 underwent invasive mechanical ventilation (27.0%; 95% CI, 26.7-27.4%), and 1,291 died (2.4%; 95% CI, 2.3-2.5%). Among those receiving noninvasive ventilation, 3,013 patients (22.3%; 95% CI, 21.6-23.0%) required invasive mechanical ventilation after first receiving noninvasive ventilation, 136 of whom died (4.5%; 95% CI, 3.8-5.3%). Across all models, the use of noninvasive ventilation was associated with a lower odds of receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (adjusted generalized estimating equation odds ratio, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.32-0.40) and in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 0.48; 95% CI 0.40-0.58). Those who received noninvasive ventilation before invasive mechanical ventilation were more likely to have comorbid pneumonia and severe sepsis.Conclusions: Noninvasive ventilation use during asthma exacerbation was associated with improved outcomes but should be used cautiously with acute comorbid conditions.
222 High incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced stage ovarian cancer

Objectives There is paucity of data on venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for ovarian cancer. We explored the incidence and predictors of VTE in this patient population. Methods We performed a retrospective review of women with primary ovarian, fallopian tube or peritoneal cancer who received NACT from January 2012 to October 2018. Patients with a history of VTE prior to cancer diagnosis were excluded. The primary outcome was incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) after cancer diagnosis and before interval debulking surgery. We explored demographic and clinical variables associated with VTE. Results VTE was diagnosed in 25 (28%) of 90 patients and 16 (64%) had PE. 67% of patients had VTE during NACT and 8 patients after their cancer diagnosis, before initiation of NACT. The majority of patients had stage III disease and serous adenocarcinoma. African Americans were 3 times more likely than other races to experience VTE (OR 3.22; CI 0.997–10.42; P = 0.051). Significantly more patients without VTE had debulking surgery (88% vs 60%, P = 0.005). The risk of DVT increased by 8.7% per year of age (OR 1.087; 95% CI 1.01–1.17). Obesity, smoking status, medical comorbidities, disease stage, histology, invasive diagnostic surgery, and length of NACT were not predictors of VTE. Conclusions The incidence of VTE during neoadjuvant chemotherapy is high. Older age and African American race may be potential risk factors for VTE. This information will help mitigate disparities in the treatment of advanced stage ovarian cancer.
Application and Development of Functional Magnetic Nanomaterials in Food Quality and Safety Inspection

At present, people are paying more and more attention to the accuracy, convenience, and efficiency of food quality and safety testing. However, many traditional detection methods have some problems such as inconvenient operation, interference factors, and long detection time. Therefore, functionalized magnetic nanomaterials with higher selectivity and sensitivity are widely used in food detection, such as pesticides, veterinary drugs, heavy metals, additives, and synthetic pigments, pathogenic bacteria, and mycotoxins. In this paper, the practical application of functionalized magnetic nanomaterials and their related detection technologies are reviewed, and their future development direction is discussed. Functional magnetic nanomaterials can solve some problems that exist in magnetic nanomaterials to a great extent, making detection more efficient, economical, accurate, rapid and convenient. However, in the future, people still need to further study more stable and efficient magnetic nanomaterials to cope with various complex detection situations.
Should North Carolina require more efficient water heaters in homes? A cost-benefit analysis

Abstract In 2015, water heaters were the second largest end-user of residential energy. Heat pump (HP) water heaters are several times more efficient than the electric resistance (ER) water heaters common in homes. Currently, North Carolina only requires electric water heaters with tanks larger than 55 gallons to be HP water heaters in new homes, thus allowing inefficient ER water heaters in smaller residences. We considered a hypothetical change to North Carolina's building code requiring HP water heaters in all new residential units constructed in 2018. Using housing data from the US Census Bureau, along with electricity rates and emissions factors from the US Energy Information Administration, we quantified changes in costs expected from tightened efficiency requirements. We estimate that requiring HP water heaters in all new residential construction incurs a one-time statewide cost of $29.5 million, but leads to a total 10-year savings of $108.7 million for residents, as well as 10-year reductions in carbon dioxide emissions of 441,000 metric tons. When rebates from electric utilities are included, total 10-year statewide savings increase to $125.3 million. Our results show that economic and environmental benefits can be realized through changes to state building codes, thus obviating the need for legislative action.
Conflicted by conservatism? Exploring authoritarian values, climate politics, and alternative energy funding public opinion in the United States

Abstract Academic assessments typically conclude that right-wing authoritarian populism poses a significant political challenge to the advancement of climate change mitigation and adaptation policies. Right-wing recalcitrance and hostility to climate change policy have been attributed to the authoritarian personality, rejection of science, skeptical views of government elites and corporations, and even some forms of psychological distress. Employing public opinion data collected in the U.S. during the first term of the Trump Presidency, our work confirms that persons who score high on populism, authoritarianism, anti-science indices, and those who hold ideologically conservative views tend to oppose increased public investment in alternative energy. Not explored in the environmental policy and alternative energy literature is the conflicted (or compassionate) conservative; the individual who espouses conservative values yet supports social justice-promotive public policies. As an addition to current theoretical and empirical understanding, we find that conflicted conservatives, individuals who identify as politically conservative yet favor social justice expenditures, are significantly more supportive of enhanced public investment in alternative energy.
P42 A Longitudinal Analysis of School Garden Prevalence Across 4 New Jersey Cities

Background School gardens are a popular strategy to increase preference and consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV). The Healthy Hunger Free Kids Act (HHFKA) of 2010 supported implementation of school gardens for promoting FV consumption. Current research lacks longitudinal assessments of changes in prevalence of school gardens over time. Objective In this study, we examine the prevalence of school gardens over time by school level factors before and after the implementation of the Healthy Hunger Free Kids Act (HHFKA). Study Design We used data from the New Jersey Child Health Study (NJCHS) conducted in 4 low-income NJ cities. Information on school garden prevalence was collected from all schools (n = 148) in the 4 study cities for school years between 2010-11 and 2017-18. Analysis Prevalence of school gardens was calculated for each school year over the study period. Multivariable analysis estimated changes in prevalence of school gardens over time adjusting for school-level factors including, school level (elementary vs middle/high), enrolled students’ race/ethnicity, and enrolled students’ eligibility for free and reduced-price meals (FRPM). Results There were 97 elementary and 51 middle/high schools in the sample. In 2010-11, 19% of all K-12 schools participated in school gardens. Multivariate analysis showed that after adjusting for school-level factors, compared to 2010-11, a higher proportion of schools reported having a garden in 2013-14 (29%, P = 0.055), 2014-15 (31%, P = 0.018), and in 2016-17 (31%, P = 0.051). Schools with majority Hispanic student enrollment had less than half the odds of having a garden compared to schools with majority Black students (P = 0.045). There were no differences in garden prevalence between elementary and middle/high schools or FRPM eligibility. Conclusion School garden presence showed patterns of increasing prevalence over time, especially in the years following the HHFKA. Future research should examine the reasons for differences in prevalence of gardens in schools with racially and ethnically diverse student populations over multiple time points.
Dysfunction Junction: Reasonable Cause and Good Faith Reliance on Tax Advisors with Conflicts of Interest

Taxpayers who underpay their taxes may be liable for accuracy-related penalties if the underpayment is attributable to negligence or the careless, reckless, or intentional disregard of rules or regulations. Understatements of tax liability resulting from participation in certain types of tax avoidance transactions are also subject to penalties. Accuracy-related penalties may be imposed even with respect to innocent mistakes if the discrepancy between a taxpayer's correct and reported tax liability is sufficiently large. Taxpayers may, however, avoid accuracy-related penalties by relying on a reasonable cause defense. The reasonable cause defense may be satisfied by relying on professional tax advice even if the advice concludes that the taxpayer's chance of prevailing on the underlying merits is uncertain, the advice turns out to be incorrect, and the taxpayer is found liable for the underlying tax. Reliance on professional tax advice is not, however, a fail-safe escape from penalties. Courts have repeatedly held that taxpayers cannot rely on advisors “they know to be burdened with an inherent conflict of interest.” But courts have not clearly articulated the circumstances under which the common law conflict of interest rule applies, making its application unpredictable and inconsistent. A statutory conflict of interest rule now exists to prohibit taxpayers from relying on advisors who participate in the organization, management, promotion, or sale of certain tax avoidance transactions. Tax advisors who are tax return preparers may be subject to penalties, and those who provide written tax advice are potentially subject to censure, monetary penalties, suspension, or disbarment from practice before the Service for violating the covered opinion rules in Circular 230. These developments ostensibly enhance the quality of written tax advice, which would lessen the import of the common law conflict of interest rule and support its abrogation. This Article explains why *404 the common law conflict of interest rule remains relevant despite these developments. This Article also proposes several regulatory changes to mitigate advisor conflicts of interest. After an introduction in Part I, Parts II through IV offer helpful background information to provide a context for the academic discussion that occurs in the remainder of this Article. Readers familiar with the landscape of tax opinions and accuracy-related penalties may wish to skip ahead to Part V.
Contraceptive use and preferences among females with sickle cell disease.

Abstract Introduction Females with sickle cell disease now have a life expectancy that extends well into and beyond their reproductive years. Pregnancy and childbirth are accompanied by high morbidity and mortality in this population, rendering contraception a critical part of their health care. Methods We approached adult female patients of the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania hematology clinic who were of reproductive age (ages 18–45) and carried a diagnosis of sickle cell disease. We evaluated contraceptive method uptake and method characteristic preferences, as well as other reproductive history, and compared contraceptive uptake rates to that from female respondent data from the National Survey of Family Growth (2017–2019). Results Of 95 eligible patients, we completed surveys with 48 participants (response rate of 51%). Over half (n = 27, 56%) of participants were not currently using any form of contraception—double the rate of the general United States population (25%). The most common contraceptives currently used were the depot medroxyprogesterone (DMPA) injection (n = 6, 13%) and the progestin intrauterine device (IUD) (n = 6, 13%). DMPA uptake was significantly higher, and permanent contraceptive and oral contraceptive pill uptake significantly lower, among these participants with sickle cell disease compared to the general United States population. Participants’ preferred contraceptive characteristics included effectiveness (n = 39, 81%), control over when to use the contraceptive (n = 39, 81%), and lack of side effects (n = 38, 79%). Conclusions Contraceptive uptake was significantly lower and method mix different among females with sickle cell disease compared to the general United States population. Further research is needed on contraceptive safety, non-contraceptive benefits, and contraceptive decision-making for females with sickle cell disease. Implications This study sheds light on the contraceptive choices and preferences of females with sickle cell disease, who are at disproportionate risk for pregnancy complications. In order to maximize the reproductive health of females with sickle cell disease, we must consider how their disease interacts with contraception and better understand how they approach contraceptive decision-making.
Online Fault Detection in ReRAM-Based Computing Systems by Monitoring Dynamic Power Consumption

A ReRAM-based computing system (RCS) provides an energy-efficient hardware implementation of vector-matrix multiplication for machine-learning hardware. However, it is vulnerable to faults due to the immature ReRAM fabrication process. We propose an efficient online fault-detection method for RCS; the proposed method monitors the dynamic power consumption of each ReRAM crossbar and determines the occurrence of faults when a changepoint is detected in the monitored power-consumption time series. In order to estimate the percentage of faulty cells in a faulty ReRAM crossbar, we compute statistical features before and after the changepoint and train a predictive model using machine-learning techniques. In this way, the computationally expensive fault localization and error-recovery steps are carried out only when a high fault rate is estimated. Simulation results show that, with the fault-detection method and the predictive model, the test time is significantly reduced while high classification accuracy for the MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets using RCS can still be ensured.
ALL-109: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Complications Associated with Hypertension During Induction Chemotherapy Among Adolescent and Young Adult Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Context: Hypertension is a known complication of corticosteroid-intensive induction chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, risk factors and outcomes associated with hypertension in adolescent and young adult (AYA) ALL patients are unknown. Objective: To describe incidence, risk factors, and outcomes in AYA patients with hypertension during induction. Design, Setting, and Patients: We identified 72 AYA patients diagnosed with ALL (mean age: 17.2±2.8 years, median follow-up: 5.2 years) from 2009–2019 at a tertiary referral center for retrospective analysis. Patients were grouped based on whether they developed hypertension during induction. Hypertension was graded per Common Terminology Criteria of Adverse Events version 5. Main Outcome Measures:: We assessed several risk factors, including age, sex, body surface area (BSA), body mass index (BMI), pre-induction blood pressure, renal function, tumor lysis laboratory values, and cumulative dose and type of steroid. We compared morbidity and outcome measures, including corticosteroid-related adverse effects, cardiac dysfunction, intensive care unit admissions, and 5-year relapse-free and overall survival rates. Results: Forty-five (63%) patients developed hypertension (grade I–IV) during induction, of which 14 (31%) received anti-hypertensive treatment. Males were more likely to develop hypertension than females [odds ratio=3.86, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.39, 10.70]. Patients with hypertension had significantly higher BSA (2.0±0.3 m 2 versus 1.8±0.2 m2 p 0.05). Conclusions: The majority of AYA patients developed hypertension during ALL chemotherapy induction. Male sex, increased BSA, elevated pre-induction blood pressure, decreased renal function, hyperuricemia, and hyperglycemia were associated with hypertension development. However, hypertension was not associated with inferior survival rates or long-term cardiovascular sequelae. Prospective cooperative group trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Designing Democratic Systems for Civic Collective Action

Digital technologies have transformed engagement in civic collective action, connecting citizens to more action opportunities than ever before. Civic technologists have mostly focused on mobilizing grassroots collective action by providing cost-effective action opportunities and personalized ways to connect to social issues. Effective mobilization often requires citizens to deliberate about what collective action to take and how to build political power to achieve policy outcomes. Yet we know little about the deliberative processes that help citizens build motivation, develop policy solutions, and organize power to implement policy change through civic collective action. Furthermore, existing CSCW systems are not designed to help citizens learn complex information, develop the motivation to take action, build voluntary commitment, and effectively link collective action efforts to political mechanisms for implementation. Consequently, my doctoral research aims to develop a design framework for social computing systems that empower citizens to change local policy outcomes through deliberation in civic collective action. In this work, I will contribute a systematic design framework to civic technology researchers for supporting deliberation as the key organizing process in developing and implementing effective local policy solutions. To do so, I will provide an in-depth examination of the learning challenges in getting started with taking political action to advance theories of political participation and contribute an iterative community-based approach for developing the political will necessary to implement policy outcomes democratic deliberation.
Regime Shifts, Risk and the Term Structure

This paper develops and estimates a general equilibrium model for the term structures of nominal and real interest rates that incorporates regime-switching into the dynamics of the state variables. The model generates time-varying risk premia via changes in the covariance structure of the state variables and Peso problems through regime-switching. When the model is estimated using real and nominal yields from the U.K., I find that Peso problems emanating from instability in inflation have a significant impact on the nominal term structure. Peso problems affect (i) the sample predictability of excess returns, (ii) nominal term premia, and (iii) the inflation risk premia linking real and nominal yields with expected inflation.
Holographic U(1)R Multiplets

In this communication we report on the results of the study of the holographic dual for the anomaly and gravity N = 1 multiplets in the baryonic branch generalization of the Klebanov-Strassler background. We present the equation for the transverse vector glueball in KS case. The spectrum of low lying excitations coincides with the spectrum of the traceless graviton. The anomalous longitudinal part of the the current is degenerate with the scalar glueball, that is a perturbation of the trace of the metric. The latter glueballs are lighter than the gravity multiplet everywhere on baryonic branch.
“(Self-)Surveillance, Anti-Doping, and Health in Non-Elite Road Running”

This article explores disciplining effects of current anti-doping surveillance systems on the health consequences of non-elites’ daily behaviors and habits. As they are left out of direct anti-doping testing and enforcement, it is tempting to argue non-elites are unaffected by anti-doping efforts focused on the elite level of their sport. However, it is because they are not subject to anti-doping surveillance systems nor forced to comply with anti-doping regulations that non-elites are implicated within the wider arena of disciplinary power that envelops both elite and non-elite athletes and anti-doping agencies (Foucault 1979). Drawing on data from 28 interviews with non-elite runners I argue these runners do conform to the rules and norms of their sport as far as they understand them, but their knowledge of banned substances is inadequate and many non-elite runners have only a superficial and sometimes incorrect understanding of doping. Many view doping and its associated health risks as a problem only of elite running, as well as a problem limited to only a handful of widely publicized performance enhancing drugs or doping methods. As a result of these misunderstandings non-elite runners are vulnerable to negative health effects of over the counter (OTC) medications and nutritional supplements, which they view as “safe” and part of normal training as a result of the current elite surveillance model of anti-doping. The recent death of a non-elite marathon runner linked to use of the unregulated energy supplement DMAA demonstrates, questionable products are used by runners who may not be fully aware of the risks of use.
Distributed logging and synchronization of physiological and performance measures to support adaptive automation strategies

As advances in physiological sensors make them more minimally intrusive and easier to use, there is a clear desire by researchers in the fields of Augmented Cognition and Neuroergonomics to incorporate them as much as possible. To best support use of multiple measures, the data from each sensor must be accurately synchronized across all devices and tied to performance and environment events. However, each sensor provides different sampling frequencies, local timing information, and timing accuracy making data synchronization in logs or real time systems difficult. In this paper, a modular architecture is presented to address the issue of how to synchronize data to support analysis of physiological and performance measures. Specific design requirements are presented to ensure the ability to accurately measure raw sensor data and compute metrics in a distributed computing environment to support adaptive automation strategies in a research environment. Finally, an example system is described which combines multiple minimally invasive physiological sensors.
Glycoproteins of cultured epithelial cells from human colonic adenocarcinoma and fetal intestine.

Abstract The molecular weight distribution and Concanavalin A binding properties of labeled glycopeptides and glycoproteins from cell surface membranes, the cytoplasmic fraction and culture media were studied in human fetal and neoplastic colonic cells. Cells were labeled by culturing cells in the presence of [14C]-or[3H]-labeled glucosamine or fucose. Both fucose and glucosamine were incorporated into the membrane glycoprotein fraction of the colonic cancer cells to a much lesser extent than into fetal cells. The elution profile obtained from Bio-gel P-150 column chromatography indicated that colonic cancer cell membranes contain fucose- and glucosamine-labeled, trypsin labile, high molecular weight glycopeptides not present in fetal cells. Affinity chromatographic studies of membrane glycopeptides using agarose-bound Concanavalin A also indicated that cell surface membranes from fetal and cancerous colonic cells contain not only glycoproteins of different molecular weights, but glycoproteins having different oligosaccharide side chains. These results indicate that there are significant quantitative and qualitative differences in cell surface glycoproteins between fetal and cancerous intestinal cells.
Ascarosides of the ovaries and eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides (Nematoda).

Nearly all ascarosides in the ovaries ofA. lumbricoides occurred as esters. Among 15 identified esters, 13 occurred at concentrations exceeding 0.1% of the total ascarosides. Each ester consisted of one or two moles of glycone (ascarylose) and several homologs of long chain aglycone. The acid residues consisted of 95.6 mol % acetate and 4.4 mol % propionate. When present, propionate occurred only at the 2′ position of the glycone, which was always esterified. Esters with more than one free hydroxyl group were scarce, 89 wt % of the ascarosides being completely esterified. Monol aglycones contained 25–32 carbon atoms. The C29 homolog was most abundant, and ca. 25 wt% of these aglycones were branched and even-numbered. Diol aglycones were unbranched C29–35 homologs, C31 and C33 being about equally abundant in diol ascarosides and C33 most common in diol diascarosides. Within each ascaroside class the proportions of different homologs were correlated with the extent of esterification. Free ascarosides of the ascaroside layer of the egg shell, which are formed from the ovarian esters, consisted of 12% monol ascaroside, 10% diol ascaroside, 8% diol diascaroside and 70% diol ascaroside containing an acetylated aglycone. The absence from ascaroside esters of the α-methyl butyrate and α-methyl valerate residues which are plentiful in ovarian triglycerides and waxes suggests considerable biosynthetic specificity.
Regulation of Drosophila glial cell proliferation by Merlin-Hippo signaling

Glia perform diverse and essential roles in the nervous system, but the mechanisms that regulate glial cell numbers are not well understood. Here, we identify and characterize a requirement for the Hippo pathway and its transcriptional co-activator Yorkie in controlling Drosophila glial proliferation. We find that Yorkie is both necessary for normal glial cell numbers and, when activated, sufficient to drive glial over-proliferation. Yorkie activity in glial cells is controlled by a Merlin-Hippo signaling pathway, whereas the upstream Hippo pathway regulators Fat, Expanded, Crumbs and Lethal giant larvae have no detectable role. We extend functional characterization of Merlin-Hippo signaling by showing that Merlin and Hippo can be physically linked by the Salvador tumor suppressor. Yorkie promotes expression of the microRNA gene bantam in glia, and bantam promotes expression of Myc, which is required for Yorkie and bantam-induced glial proliferation. Our results provide new insights into the control of glial growth, and establish glia as a model for Merlin-specific Hippo signaling. Moreover, as several of the genes we studied have been linked to human gliomas, our results suggest that this linkage could reflect their organization into a conserved pathway for the control of glial cell proliferation.
HY INTERMEDIATE PHENOTYPE: A POSSIBLE CAUSE OF TESTICULAR DYSGENESIS

The HY antigen is closely associated with the presence of testicular tissue which is thought to be induced during embryogenesis by the interaction of HY and its receptor. In coded samples, we examined the HY antigen in peripheral lymphocytes from a patient with male pseudohermaphroditism and dysgenetic testes whose karyotype in lymphocytes and gonadal fibroblasts was 46 XY. Results are as follows (mean + SD): The patient's lymphocytes exhibited an HY phenotype intermediate between that of the normal male and normal female and between that of the patient's mother and father. These results indicate a correlation between HY phenotype and abnormal testicular development and suggests the possibility that a partial deficiency of HY may have been responsible for the testicular dysgenesis in this patient.
Questionability of drift-diffusion transport in the analysis of small semiconductor devices

Abstract Analysis and design of such semiconductor devices as bipolar and field-effect transistors now relies, in part, on the assumption that current flows by drift and diffusion. The minute size of existing devices raises questions about the appropriateness of this assumption, however, because an internal region critical to device performance may become so small that carriers crossing it fail to experience many collisions. To demonstrate possible consequences of continuing to base analysis on assumed drift and diffusion, we contrast the predictions of two models for the electrical base region of a bipolar transistor. The first model assumes that carriers in transit across the base will experience many collisions, which requires a base region of sufficiently large dimensions. The second model assumes that a carrier in transit will suffer no collisions, displaying what tends to occur in the limiting case of small dimensions. A comparison of saturation current, temperature dependence, and base transit time shows that significant differences exist.
Chromatographic purification of human α1 proteinase inhibitor from dissolved Cohn fraction IV-1 paste

Abstract A novel chromatographic process for purification of α1 proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI) from Cohn fraction IV-1 paste is described. This process has been successfully scaled up to 50-l columns. It involves DEAE chromatography, sulfopropyl (S) cation chromatography, tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP)–cholate treatment, a second S cation chromatography, freeze–drying and dry-heat. The process has been optimized for purity, yield, lipid removal, chemical usage and water consumption. Filtration after TNBP–cholate treatment plays a key role in ensuring a low lipid content in the final product. Pre-equilibration with high salt buffer is necessary to reduce the water consumption significantly during the ion-exchange chromatography equilibration step. The final product is approximately 95% pure by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with a 64% to 70% yield from IV-1 paste.
Approximate solution of the whispering gallery modes and estimation of the spontaneous emission coupling factor for microdisk lasers

Abstract A simple approximation is developed for solving the “whispering gallery modes” of a microdisk laser structure using conformal transformation and the WKB approximation. Using this method the spontaneous emission coupling factor of microdisk lasers is estimated. The result predicts a β value of the order of 10-1.
Photoneutron production from 34- and 100-MeV electrons in thick uranium targets

Abstract The number of photoneutrons produced by 34- and 100-MeV electrons in targets of natural uranium and of 235 U are calculated as a function of target thickness. For 235 U the number of neutrons produced by photofission is calculated separately. In the calculations only photoproduction is considered; that is, no attempt is made to correct or account for neutron-induced fission in the target.
Effect of dietary cyclopropene fatty acids on the octadecenoates of individual lipid classes of rat liver and hepatoma.

The effect of dietary cyclopropene fatty acids on the concentration of octadecenoate chain positional isomers in individual lipid classes of normal liver, host liver, and hepatoma 7288CTC has been determined. The data revealed the following: (a) Saturated and monoene fatty acid percentages of liver phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines werenot affected, but the percentage of saturated fatty acids of the triglycerides and cholesteryl esters was increased while the monoene percentages decreased. (b) Oleate to vaccenate percentage ratios, previously shown to be characteristic of individual lipid classes, were completely disrupted. (c) Oleate concentrations of the two major liver phospholipids were elevated, and vaccenate levels were dramatically reduced. (d) Cyclopropene fatty acids appear to inhibit monoene elongation. (e) The elevated concentrations of oleate indicate that an alternate route of oleate biosynthesis must exist if the Δ9 desaturation is inhibited by cyclopropene fatty acids as reported previously. (f) In contrast to liver, oleate and vaccenate concentrations in hepatoma were not affected by the dietary cyclopropene fatty acids.
Shout-Outs to the Creator: The Use of Biblical Themes in Rap Lyrics

Abstract: There exist persistent strands of spiritual insight in rap lyrics that work to nurture a worldview of hope based in the translation of key biblical themes into the postmodern, urban environment. These themes are not superimposed from the past onto present conditions. Instead, they are reimagined in the rapper’s imaginings of street life. The article proceeds first with a discussion on the nature of rap and its communication power. Then, it examines four essential biblical themes that recur in rap lyrics with some frequency and from a variety of artists. Its thesis is that rap offers substantial testimony to the resilience and value of the human soul that scholars of religion have thus far neglected. These themes, namely, of prophetic realism, redemption, incarnation, and resurrection are evident in over two decades of rap music. This suggests their staying power and growth within the musical genre of rap and also that rap’s poetic creation warrants serious theological attention. A concluding sec...
Accuracy of Kinematic Wave and Diffusion Wave Approximations for Time-Independent Flow with Momentum Exchange Included

Errors in the kinematic wave and diffusion wave approximation for time-independent (or steady-state) cases of channel flow with momentum exchange included were derived for three types of boundary conditions: zero flow at the upstream end, and critical flow depth and zero depth gradient at the downstream end. The diffusion wave approximation was found to be in excellent agreement with the dynamic wave approximation, with errors of less than 1% for KF20≥7·5 and up to 12% for KF20≤0·75 for the upstream boundary condition of zero discharge and finite depth, where K is the kinematic wave number and F0 is the Froude number. The kinematic wave approximation was reasonably accurate except at the channel boundaries and for small values of KF20 (≤1). The accuracy of these approximations was significantly influenced by the downstream boundary condition both in terms of the error magnitude and the segment of the channel reach for which these approximations would be applicable. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genes and lineages in the formation of the enteric nervous system

The enteric nervous system is large, complex, and independent of the CNS. Its neural-crest-derived precursors migrate along defined pathways to colonize the bowel. Recent studies of the sequential actions of essential growth and transcription factors have revealed that enteric neuronal development involves a complex interaction of lineage-determined and microenvironmental elements.
Single copy DNA homologies in Atriplex . I. Cross reactivity estimates and the role of deletions in genome evolution 1

Single copy DNA homologies in Atriplex . I. Cross reactivity estimates and the role of deletions in genome evolution 1
Anomalous optical force fields around high-contrast subwavelength nanowaveguides

We show that anomalous-even repulsive-force fields can be induced around high-contrast optical nanowaveguides. Interestingly the longitudinal scattering force attains a maximum value even within regions where the Poynting vector is negative.
Wave function(al)s in the large- N limit

Abstract The energy spectrum and correlation functions in various quantum theories have been determined within the large- N limit. Here we study the wave functions. Explicit results are presented for a quantum mechanical rotor, invariant under adjoint transformations of U( N ), as well as for O( N ) invariant vector models in quantum mechanics and quantum field theory.
Hemodynamic Control using Direct Model Reference Adaptive Control – Experimental Results

Regulation of hemodynamic parameters is a challenging problem, due to inter- and intra-patient variability, drug interactions, evolving patient condition, and in the case of simultaneous control of mean arterial pressure and cardiac output, tight coupling between the two variables. This requires a controller that can adapt to conditions as they evolve, and without the need to tune the controller for each individual patient. To address these problems, direct model reference adaptive control (DMRAC) is extended by incorporating mechanisms to handle rate and saturation constraints, allowing a range in the value of a regulated variable instead of fixed setpoint tracking, and a design method that directly considers time delay uncertainty. In this paper we present experimental results using extended DMRAC on canines, for a variety of conditions. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using DMRAC, with the advantage of not requiring prior model identification for the individual patient.
Dipolar Control of Monolayer Morphology on Graphite: Self-Assembly of Anthracenes with Odd Length Diether Side Chains

The monolayers self-assembled at the solution−graphite interface by 18 1,5-bis(2,X-dioxaalkyl) anthracene derivatives bearing odd length side chains are studied using scanning tunneling microscopy and molecular mechanics (MM) simulations. 1-D molecular tapes are the key and common building block of the many morphologies self-assembled by these compounds. The dominant monolayer morphology and the extent of monolayer polymorphism depend critically on the position of the X-ether group and side chain length. MM simulations of the compounds’ different morphologies are useful tools with which to dissect, explain, and predict morphological variation and polymorphism as a function of side chain structure. The simulations reveal that the dependence on X-ether group position arises from dipolar repulsions between ether groups in adjacent tapes, dipolar attractions between ether and anthracene C−H groups in adjacent tapes, and geometric distortions of the side chains.
Quenched! The ISABELLE Saga, II

This is the second part of a two-part article about ISABELLE, a colliding-beam accelerator conceived in 1971, officially approved in 1978, partially constructed, and terminated in 1983. I cover here the period from ISABELLE’s groundbreaking in 1978 to its termination in 1983. I treat the problems with ISABELLE’s superconducting magnets, the steps by which the problems became clear within the laboratory and to the outside, the initial failure of the laboratory administration to take forceful steps, conflicts with Fermilab, the alternate magnet projects, the repeated missing of openings that eventually used up the window of opportunity. I cover Robert Palmer’s successful creation of an alternate magnet that used Brookhaven’s existing tooling and techniques and provided (too late) a technical solution to the project’s problems, and the name change to the Colliding Beam Accelerator (CBA). I also discuss the failure of the machine to hold the physics community’s interest, and the project’s termination.
Origin of the human hand.

A means of determining the phylogenetic implications of similarities between the hands of man and non-human primates is proposed. The only traits shared by man and non-human primates accepted as evidence of our ancestral hand structure and functions are those which are incompatible or out of keeping with current behavior of the human hand. They may be assumed to remain only as relics of adaptations to former habits of locomotion and feeding. The relics found through this analysis are all traits that are present in the apes (some of them only in African apes) and probably related to functions of the hand in suspension of the body, fist-walking, and knuckle-walking. The presence of these traits in man implies that human ancestors similarly used the hand to suspend the body in the trees and to support it on the back of the flexed fingers.