cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Conformational Changes During Agonist Release from a GPCR in Real Time: Transmembrane Helix 6 Resets as All-Trans Retinal is Released from Rhodopsin

The active metarhodopsin II (MII) conformation of rhodopsin loses activity when it releases its agonist, all-trans retinal, and decays to the inactive apoprotein, opsin. Here, we studied how the conformational change and retinal release are linked. In our experiments, we used tryptophan induced quenching of fluorescence (TrIQ) to observe movement of transmembrane helix 6 (TM6) through an attached fluorescent probe, while simultaneously measuring intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence to monitor retinal release. The data show TM6 moves from its position in the active structure back into the helical bundle in opsin (indicative of the inactive conformation) with a rate matching that of retinal exit; both processes exhibit a t1/2 of ∼15 minutes at 20°C in 0.05% dodecyl maltoside at pH 6.0. We further tested the correlation of these events in two ways. First, we carried out an Arrhenius analysis and determined near identical activation energies for TM6 resetting and retinal release (∼23 kcal/mol). Additionally, we tested the effect of altering the rate of retinal release on the rate of the conformational change. The release process was slowed by introducing a mutation to the Schiff base counterion, E113Q. When retinal exit was slowed, the rate of TM6 resetting decelerated to the same degree. Likewise, accelerating retinal release by using hydroxylamine to hydrolyze the Schiff base linkage caused a corresponding acceleration of the rate of TM6 movements. With these tools in hand, we have begun investigating the dynamics and energetic of other movements in the protein, with the goal of constructing a more comprehensive model for receptor deactivation following light-activation, as well as testing how mutations (such as retinitis pigmentosa), small molecules, and other proteins can effect these events.
High-energy electron scattering from 6Li

Abstract : Elastic electron scattering cross sections have been measured for 6Li at 500 MeV and values of q sup 2, the momentum transfer squared, up to 13 f(m sup (-2)). Calculations including nucleon-nucleon correlations predict a diffraction minimum beyond the range of previous measurements for 6Li. The results for 6Li do show a diffraction minimum at q sup 2 = 8 f(m sup (-2)); they are also compared with a phase shift calculation using an empirical charge distribution. (Author)
Gauge theory at large N and new G2 holonomy metrics

Abstract We find a one-parameter family of new G 2 holonomy metrics and demonstrate that it can be extended to a two-parameter family. These metrics play an important role as the supergravity dual of the large N limit of four-dimensional supersymmetric Yang–Mills. We show that these G 2 holonomy metrics describe the M theory lift of the supergravity solution describing a collection of D6-branes wrapping the supersymmetric three-cycle of the deformed conifold geometry for any value of the string coupling constant.
BMS-911543 inhibits viability of tumor and stromal cells and limits disease progression in genetically engineered mice with pancreatic cancer

Meeting abstracts Pancreatic cancer (PCa) is resistant to cytotoxic therapies, and the profound immune suppressive nature of this disease renders patients non-responsive to immunologic therapies. Signaling downstream of IL-6 is important in the genesis and progression of PCa. The IL-6/Jak2/STAT3
Localization of glutamate decarboxylase on line-immunoelectrophoresis and two-dimensional electrophoresis by use of the radioactive suicide substrate [2-3H]-γ-acetylenic GABA

Abstract γ-Acetylenic GABA (4-amino-hex-5-ynoic acid) is an irreversible inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD;E.C. 4.1.1.15). Partially purified GAD labelled by [2-3H]-γ-acetylenic GABA was analyzed by line-immunoelectrophoresis using a polyvalent sheep-anti-GAD antiserum. One of the three antigen-antibody precipitin lines found contained radioactivity. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of the labelled partially purified CAD revealed two radioactive bands of molecular weights 54,000 ± 1,500 and 58,000 ± 1,500 and identical pI of 5.3 to 5.6 (9M urea). Reaction of [2-3H]-γ-acetylenic GABA with an enzymatically active GAD anti-GAD immune complex and isolation of this complex yielded the same two bands. The use of the labelled suicide substrate permits localization of GAD in analytical electrophoretic techniques.
Sovereignty, Indian Gaming, and Economic Development on the Lake Traverse Reservation of the Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe (Oyate)

This study analyzes Indian gaming in South Dakota—specifically, that of the Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe (SWST)—via library material, telephone and taped interviews, nonparticipant/participant observation, newspaper and administrative reports, and public law statutes. Questions were developed, pretested, and applied to form a gaming narrative or voice of the SWST and its constituency. The article argues that tribes must define, exert, and use their political sovereignty to engage in positive, effective, and sustainable aspects of self-determination. Through the lens deemed most appropriate for the tribe, the SWST plays a vital role in overall economic development on and off the reservation. To be effective, the tribe must be the principal actor for positive economic development, the catalyst for recruiting outside enterprises, and the regulator/monitor of a positive economic development initiative and must develop/maintain the ability to define its organizational structures and engage in those day-to-day...
Relation between the Rayleigh equation in diffraction theory and the equation based on Green’s formula

The steps necessary to produce the Rayleigh equation that is based on the Rayleigh hypothesis from the equation that is based on the Green’s formula are shown. First a definition is given for the scattering amplitude that is true not only in the far zone of diffraction but also near the scattering surface. With this definition the Rayleigh equation coincides with the rigorous equation for the surface secondary sources that is based on Green’s formula. The Rayleigh hypothesis is equivalent to substituting the far-zone expression of the scattering amplitude into this rigorous equation. In this case it turns out to be the equation not for the sources but directly for the scattering amplitude, which is the main advantage of this method. For comparing the Rayleigh equation with the initial rigorous equation, the Rayleigh equation is represented in terms of secondary sources. The kernel of this equation contains an integral that converges for positive and diverges for negative values of some parameter. It is shown that if we regularize this integral, defining it for the negative values of this parameter as an analytical continuation from the domain of positive values, this kernel becomes equal to the kernel of the initial rigorous equation. It follows that the formal perturbation series for the scattering amplitude obtained from the Rayleigh equation and from Green’s equation always coincide. This means that convergence of the perturbation series is a sufficient condition for the scattering amplitude obtained from the Rayleigh hypothesis to be true.
Business Improvement Districts in Southern California: Implications for Local Governance

Abstract: This article provides an assessment of the nature and functioning of Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) in the metropolitan area of the Southern California region. While modern BIDs date back to the mid-1960s, the emergence of BIDs is a relatively new phenomenon. The increasing numbers of BID in metropolitan areas have governance and jurisdictional implications. These implications are the central concern of this article. The governance and jurisdictional issues are examined with four research questions: Why and how were BIDs established? How do BIDs function? How are BIDs held accountable? Are BIDs effective? This article relies on case study research of five BIDs located in various areas of Southern California. Interviews were conducted with BID managers and local government representatives. Contextual information was gathered from state laws, official documents, and websites.
“Health is strength”: A community health education program to improve breast and cervical cancer screening among Korean American Women in Alameda County, California

Abstract Background : A 48-month community intervention was conducted to improve breast and cervical cancer (BCC) screening among Korean American (KA) women in Alameda County (AL), California. KA women in Santa Clara (SC) County, California served as a comparison group. Methods : Random samples of KA women from each county were surveyed by telephone in 1994 ( n =818) and 2002 ( n =1084). Propensity score analyses were used to estimate the difference between counties in changes over time in screening (Pap tests, breast self-examinations, clinical breast examinations, and mammography), and to estimate differences in screening between participants and non-participants in an educational workshop among women in AL in 2002. Results : Mammography screening and clinical breast examinations increased over time in both counties. Pap tests increased in AL but not SC, and breast self-examinations did not change significantly in either county. None of the intervention-comparison group differences over time were significant. In 2002, compared to non-participants, women who attended a workshop were more likely to report a recent Pap test ( P Conclusions : Although our overall intervention did not appear to enhance screening practices at the community-level, attendance at a women's health workshop appears to have increased cervical cancer screening.
Sex differences in early mortality after acute myocardial infarction (the Minnesota Heart Survey)

Abstract Although numerous studies indicate that women have a higher early mortality from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) than men, reasons for the difference are largely unexplained. We studied the role of sex in the prognosis of 1,600 patients with AMI aged 30 to 74 years in the population-based Minnesota Heart Survey. A 50% random sample was taken of all AMI patients hospitalized in 1980 and 1985 in the Twin Cities of Minnesota (Minneapolis-St. Paul) (1,168 men, 432 women). A multiple logistic regression model was used for predicting early death (within 28 days) and included baseline characteristics: sex, age, chest pain on admission, history of previous AMI, angina pectoris, coronary artery bypass surgery or hypertension, presence of heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias requiring direct-current shock, diabetes mellitus, valvular disease, cardiomyopathy, and levels of serum enzymes and blood urea nitrogen. Age-adjusted early mortality rate was significantly higher in women than men, out only in those aged 0.05). Multivariate analysis also showed that among those
Variational principles for ensembles of quantum states.

The maximum-entropy principle is used to generalize the variational principle for the ground state (Rayleigh-Ritz minimization principle) to ensembles of unequally weighted states. A hierarchy of nested inequalities for the associated ``free energies'' is deduced. Applications of these inequalities to the estimation of the highest multiplet energy and a generalization of density-functional theory to ensembles of quantum states are discussed. Previous results given in the literature are obtained as special cases of our results under isothermal and adiabatic optimizations.
Multiple soliton solutions for the Whitham–Broer–Kaup model in the shallow water small-amplitude regime

In this work we investigate the Whitham–Broer–Kaup model for dispersive long waves in the shallow water small-amplitude regime. We use the simplified form of Hirota's direct method to determine multiple soliton solutions for the integrable Whitham–Broer–Kaup model. We exhibit generalized multiple soliton solutions.
Accuracy and traceability in dimensional measurements

While the importance of the concepts of measurement accuracy and measurement traceability has long been recognized, they have not always been applied in a consistent or rigorous manner. In 1993 the International Organization for Standards (ISO) published two documents which establish consistent definitions of these and other metrology terms and provide an unambiguous way to calculate measurement uncertainty. These documents are widely accepted in the international metrology community. Vendors and buyers of metrology tools and standards will benefit from the improved communication that results from using this standardized metrology vocabulary. Dimensional measurements of importance to microlithography include feature sizes and feature placement on photomasks and wafers, overlay eccentricities, defect and particle sizes on masks and wafers, step heights, and many others. A common element in these measurements is that the object sizes and required measurement uncertainties are often on the order of the wavelength of light or less. This can lead to interesting challenges for certain applications where measurement traceability is desirable. The necessary and sufficient conditions for traceability will be outlined, and some examples will be given.
Monomeric and Dinuclear Tungsten Carbyne Complexes Containing Benzyl, Allyl, and Alkenyl Carbyne Substituents

The phosphonium carbyne complexes [Tp‘(CO)2W⋮CPMe2Ph]+ (Tp‘ = hydridotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate) add the Grignard reagents PhCH2MgCl and CH2CHCH2MgCl at Cα to generate the zwitterionic carbene complexes Tp‘(CO)2WC(CH2R)(Me2Ph) (R = Ph, CHCH2) as intermediates which lose PMe2Ph to form neutral Tp‘(CO)2W⋮CCH2R (R = Ph, CHCH2) carbyne complexes. Deprotonation of these carbyne complexes with strong base occurs at Cβ to form the reactive vinylidene anions [Tp‘(CO)2WCC(H)(R)]-, which have been characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy. The phenylvinylidene anion [Tp‘(CO)2WCC(H)(Ph)]- adds electrophiles at Cβ, and the vinylvinylidene anion [Tp‘(CO)2WCCHCHCH2]- reacts with MeI at Cβ to generate Tp‘(CO)2W⋮CCH(CH3)(CHCH2). Treatment of this chiral carbyne complex with nBuLi generated the [Tp‘(CO)2WC C(CH3)CHCH2]- anion, which reacts with MeI primarily at Cβ to form Tp‘(CO)2W⋮CC(CH3)2CHCH2, although some methylation occurs at Cδ to generate the conjugated carbyne Tp‘(CO)2W⋮CC(CH3)C(H)(CH2CH3). Isomerization of...
WE‐G‐141‐08: Simultaneous Reduction of Radiation Dose and Scatters for CBCT by Using Collimators

Purpose: On‐board CBCT has been widely available in radiotherapy clinic for target localization. However, the extra radiation dose is always a concern for its frequent use. Additionally, the relatively large scatters in CBCT often impair the image quality. By using collimators/grids, some of the X‐rays are stopped from reaching the patient and the detectors, hence both the scatters and the patient dose are simultaneously reduced. We show in this work that the data can still be reconstructed without any noticeable artifacts. We further investigate the relationship between the CBCT image quality and the amount of beams being blocked by collimators. Methods: A CBCT system with collimators was simulated following the typical geometry used in clinic. Different collimator designs were tested by varying the size and the number of the collimator holes, and at the same time, the ratio between transmitted beams to blocked beams was varied from 10 to 1/10, resulting in hundreds of different simulation scenarios. The simulated projections for lung and pelvis phantoms were reconstructed using the total variation technique. The image quality was examined by root mean square errors (RMSEs) and compared with the conventional CBCT image. Results: The CBCT image quality increases as the amount of beams passing through the collimators increases, and decreases as the size of the collimator holes increases while keeping the beam transmission rate constant. With ultra‐high resolution collimators, the RMSEs were comparable to the conventional CBCT image until the beam transmission rate is reduced below 20%. Conclusion: Both the scatters and radiation dose can be dramatically reduced for CBCT by using collimators, while the image quality remains similar to the conventional CBCT. With high resolution collimators, the patient dose reduction can easily reach 1/4 of the conventional CBCT.
On the eigenvalues of the matrix pencilA+μB

The number of independent invariants ofn×n matricesA, B and their products on which the eigenvalues λ(μ) of the matrix pencilA+μB depend is determined by means of the theory of algebraic invariants and combinatorial analysis. Formulas are displayed for coefficients for the calculation of λ(μ) forn≤5.
Structural mechanism of the simultaneous binding of two drugs to a multidrug-binding protein

The structural basis of simultaneous binding of two or more different drugs by any multidrug-binding protein is unknown and also how this can lead to a noncompetitive, uncompetitive or cooperative binding mechanism. Here, we describe the crystal structure of the Staphylococcus aureus multidrug-binding transcription repressor, QacR, bound simultaneously to ethidium (Et) and proflavin (Pf). The structure underscores the plasticity of the multidrug-binding pocket and reveals an alternative, Pf-induced binding mode for Et. To monitor the simultaneous binding of Pf and Et to QacR, as well as to determine the effects on the binding affinity of one drug when the other drug is prebound, a novel application of near-ultraviolet circular dichroism (UVCD) was developed. The UVCD equilibrium-binding studies revealed identical affinities of Pf for QacR in the presence or absence of Et, but significantly diminished affinity of Et for QacR when Pf is prebound, findings that are readily explicable by their structures. The principles for simultaneous binding of two different drugs discerned here are likely employed by the multidrug efflux transporters.
An NMOS input merged bipolar/sidewall-MOS transistor with a bypass sidewall MOS transistor (NBiBMOS transistor)

The concept of merging a vertical n-p-n bipolar and two sidewall NMOS transistors into an NMOS input merged bipolar/sidewall-MOS transistor with a bypass sidewall NMOS transistor structure (NBiBMOS transistor) is described. The output current of this structure, unlike that of NBiMOS transistors, is significant even when the output voltage (V/sub CE/ or V/sub DE/) is less than the turn-on voltage of the n-p-n bipolar transistor (V/sub BE/= approximately 0.8 V). This structure, when used in BiCMOS logic gates, will allow the output voltage to swing all the way to 0.0 V rather than to 0.8 V. The feasibility of this concept was demonstrated by fabricating and DC characterizing the NBiBMOS transistor structures, which occupy approximately 1.2 times the area of a single n-p-n bipolar transistor. The NBiBMOS transistor has a higher drive capability than that of a structure consisting of an NBiMOS and a separate bypass transistor, because the body-source junction of the bypass NMOS transistor is forward biased. >
4. Gerald H. Kramer. 1971. “Short-Term Fluctuations in U.S. Voting Behavior, 1896–1964.” American Political Science Review 71 (March): 131–43 Cited 467 times.

Gerald Kramer, Steven Brams, Peter Ordeshook, Samuel Popkin, and I were MIT undergraduates interested in political science in the late 1950s. Kramer, after taking a job at Rochester under the new chairman, William Riker, spent 1966–1967 at the Cowles Foundation at Yale University studying econometrics under Marc Nerlove. He began investigating the question of whether macroeconomic fluctuations had any effect on voting behavior. After discovering, somewhat to his (and Nerlove's) surprise, that there did seem to be some effect, he began exploring the question in depth, developing a more formal theoretical framework and also using several different econometric approaches, which jointly led to this article.
URINARY SIDEROSIS : HEMOSIDERIN GRANULES IN THE URINE AS AN AID IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA, HEMOCHROMATOSIS, AND OTHER DISEASES CAUSING SIDEROSIS OF THE KIDNEY.

In diseases which bring about a siderosis of the kidney there are ordinarily present in the urinary sediment cells containing granules of hemosiderin, and often many free granules as well. The finding has proved useful in the diagnosis of hemochromatosis and will probably be of service in the recognition of pernicious anemia, and possibly some other diseases. But in this relation the fact should be emphasized that urinary siderosis, as one may term it, is the indication of a renal condition, not of a disease.
The susceptibilities of copper acetylacetonate adsorbed on anatase and silica gel and diphenylpicrylhydrazyl adsorbed on silica gel from 1°K to 4°K

Abstract A low-temperature Faraday susceptibility balance that has a limiting sensitivity of 1 μgm is described. The magnet is constructed using Nb-Zr superconducting wire. The magnetic susceptibilities of copper acetylacetonate in the polycrystalline form and adsorbed on TiO2 and silica gel have been measured from 1.4° to 4.2°K. Measurements of the susceptibility have also been made for polycrystalline diphenylpicrylhydrazyl and diphenylpicrylhydrazyl adsorbed on SiO2 over the same temperature range. The data indicate that both the copper acetylacetonate and the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl behave like the polycrystalline substance at all coverages on all the adsorbents studied.
Short-term Stock Market Timing Prediction under Reinforcement Learning Schemes

There are fundamental difficulties when only using a supervised learning philosophy to predict financial stock short-term movements. We present a reinforcement-oriented forecasting framework in which the solution is converted from a typical error-based learning approach to a goal-directed match-based learning method. The real market timing ability in forecasting is addressed as well as traditional goodness-of-fit-based criteria. We develop two applicable hybrid prediction systems by adopting actor-only and actor-critic reinforcement learning, respectively, and compare them to both a supervised-only model and a classical random walk benchmark in forecasting three daily-based stock indices series within a 21-year learning and testing period. The performance of actor-critic-based systems was demonstrated to be superior to that of other alternatives, while the proposed actor-only systems also showed efficacy
WLC19-2: An Analytical Model for the IEEE 802.11 DCF WLAN with Multiple Co-channel Cells

This paper proposes a new analytical model to evaluate the distributed coordination function (DCF) performance of a multi-cell wireless local area network (WLAN). Current DCF analytical models concentrate on the performance analysis of a single-cell WLAN and have not considered the interference impact from neighboring co-channel cells using the same frequency channels. This paper analyzes DCF performance in an environment of multiple cells and investigates the vital effects of co-channel interference. At the same time, a realistic propagation model with lognormal shadowing is taken into account. In our model, users are located at different positions in a cell and experience different signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) at the access point (AP). As a result, the performance of each user is distinct. The proposed model is able to evaluate the performance for each user in terms of SIR, packet error rate (PER), transmission probability (TP), collision probability (CP), etc. In addition, the system throughput (TH) is calculated to evaluate the overall efficiency of each cell.
CuO Nanospheres Based Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensor

CuO nanospheres, synthesized by a simple one-step hydrothermal method, have been applied to modify the glassy carbon (GC) electrode for sensitive nonenzymatic glucose detection. The CuO nanospheres modified electrode, compared to the Nafion modified GC electrode, exhibits an enhanced electrocatalytic property for direct glucose oxidation and shows a fast response and a high sensitivity for the amperometric detection of glucose. It has been determined that the dissolved oxygen is not involved in glucose oxidation and the high concentration of NaCl does not poison the electrode. These results also indicate that CuO nanospheres have great potential application in electrochemical detection.
Growth of long bones in renal failure: roles of hyperparathyroidism, growth hormone and calcitriol.

Growth of long bones in renal failure: Roles of hyperparathyroid- ism, growth hormone and calcitriol. Background. The treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (2°HPT) associated with chronic renal failure adversely affects skeletal growth. Methods. We assessed epiphyseal growth plate morphology by quantitative histology and measured mRNA levels for selected markers of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation by in situ hybridization in the growth plate cartilage of subtotally nephrec- tomized rats with either mild or advanced 2°HPT. Results. The width of the growth plate cartilage in the proximal tibia and mRNA levels for PTH/PTHrP receptor were unchanged in rats with mild 2°HPT, however, they were markedly less in nephrectomized rats with advanced 2°HPT than in intact controls. Treatment with growth hormone 10 IU/kg/day increased growth plate thickness both in mild and in advanced 2°HPT and raised mRNA levels for type II and type X collagen in rats with advanced 2°HPT. The administration of calcitriol 50 ng/kg/day attenuated these responses in animals with advanced 2°HPT. Overall, PTH/ PTHrP receptor mRNA levels did not correspond to the serum levels of PTH indicating that PTH/PTHrP receptor expression is down-regulated in renal failure by a PTH-independent mecha- nism. Conclusion. Calcitriol counteracts the trophic actions of growth hormone on epiphyseal growth plate cartilage and modifies chondrocyte differentiation in vivo, and these mechanisms may contribute to disturbances in longitudinal bone growth in renal failure.
Establishment of a pediatric surgery center: increasing anesthetic efficiency.

Abstract Study Objective: To examine whether the establishment of dedicated pediatric operating rooms (ORs) staffed exclusively by pediatric anesthesiologists has had a significant impact on anesthetic efficiency during surgery. Study Design: Before and after design. Setting: General and pediatric operating rooms at Yale-New Haven Hospital. Measurements and Main Results: Using Operating Room Information System data (1991 to 1997), we examined whether the anesthesia-controlled time, the time it takes for induction and emergence of anesthesia of a selected surgical procedure (tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy), was affected by the change of practice from general to pediatric ORs. The average length of anesthesia induction decreased by 30% ( p = 0.0007). Similarly, the average length of emergence from anesthesia decreased by 42% ( p = 0.01) and anesthesia-controlled time decreased by 31% ( p = 0.0008). Of particular importance is the decrease by 75% in the anesthesia-controlled time range (maximum-minimum). Conclusions: The establishment of dedicated pediatric ORs resulted in significantly shorter anesthesia induction and emergence times. Furthermore, the decreased variability of anesthesia-controlled time may allow for better scheduling of surgical cases and for better surgeon and patient satisfaction.
An experimental study of improving performance by scalar replacement

Abstract We consider two computational fluid dynamics application codes known as HELIX and MAGI to study optimization by scalar replacement, i.e. loading array element values, those are used repeatedly, into scalars to enable them to be register allocated by the back-end compiler. This technique lowers the execution time by reducing the number of load/store instructions. HELIX computations are on structured grid and are regular, while MAGI computations are irregular. Our experiments compare three versions of HELIX—the original code, a version in which scalar replacement was performed by hand, and version in which scalar replacement was performed automatically by Memoria—a tool for performing scalar replacement developed at Rice University and Michigan Technological University. Our experiments show that scalar replacement improved performance of HELIX by 4–7% over and above performance obtained by using the highest level of optimization with vendor-supplied compilers on an SGI Origin, an SGI O2 workstation, an IBM SP2, and a Cray T3E. We also compare the original and a hand modified version of MAGI on a O2 workstation using three different data sets. Scalar replacement reduced execution time up to about 9%.
Scheduling tasks on reconfigurable hardware with a list scheduler

In this paper, we propose a static (compile-time) scheduling extension that considers reconfiguration and task execution together when scheduling tasks on reconfigurable hardware, designated as Mutually Exclusive Groups (-MEG), that can be used to extend any static list scheduler. In simulation, using -MEG generates higher quality schedules than those generated by the hardware-software co-scheduler proposed by Mei, et al. [6] and using a single configuration with the base scheduler. Additionally, we propose a dynamic (run-time), fault tolerant scheduler targeted to reconfigurable hardware. We present promising preliminary results using the proposed fault-tolerant dynamic scheduler, showing that application performance gracefully degrades when shrinking the available processing resources.
Urban Aerosol Impacts on Downwind Convective Storms

Abstract The impacts of urban-enhanced aerosol concentrations on convective storm development and precipitation over and downwind of St. Louis, Missouri, are investigated. This is achieved through the use of a cloud-resolving mesoscale model, in which sophisticated land use processes and aerosol microphysics are both incorporated. The results indicate that urban-forced convergence downwind of the city, rather than the presence of greater aerosol concentrations, determines whether storms actually develop in the downwind region. Once convection is initiated, urban-enhanced aerosols can exert a significant effect on the dynamics, microphysics, and precipitation produced by these storms. The model results indicate, however, that the response to urban-enhanced aerosol depends on the background concentrations of aerosols; a weaker response occurs with increasing background aerosol concentrations. The effects of aerosols influence the rate and amount of liquid water and ice produced within these storms, the accu...
Next generation sequence assembler mis-assembly of phage genomes with terminal redundancy

Next generation sequencing (NGS) has become the platform of numerous biomedical applications. The study of viral genomes using NGS technologies has led to the characterization of viral species in numerous environments including the human gut microbiome and plant hosts. Many viral genomes are circular or have terminally redundant ends. Circular or linear viral genomes with indeterminate starting and ending points pose a challenge for NGS assemblers, which may erroneously duplicate sections of these genomes. The length of an assembly, often characterized by the N50 length, is frequently used as an indication of an assembly's completeness and even quality. In this paper, we show that the longest contig produced by various assemblers is not always the best assembly for circular or terminally redundant phage genomes and may represent erroneously repeated genomic regions. Results demonstrate that assembly tools may even produce assembled genomes of different lengths for the same species, depending on content inaccurately repeated, leading to results that might be confusing to or inaccurately used by a researcher. To overcome this problem, we introduce strategies for using coverage depth to identify inaccurately repeated content in circular or terminally redundant phage genomes. We conclude the paper by providing the results of assembling two bacteriophage genomes and a bacteriophage metagenomics dataset, highlighting the impact of using the proposed strategies.
Planning for deep-rooted problems: What can we learn from aligning complex systems and wicked problems?

An earlier generation of planners turned to Rittel & Webber’s 1973 conception of “wicked problems” to explain why conventional scientific approaches failed to solve problems of pluralistic urban societies. More recently, “complex systems” analysis has attracted planners as an innovative approach to understanding metropolitan dynamics and its social and environmental impacts. Given the renewed scholarly interest in wicked problems, we asked: how can planners use the complex systems approach to tackle wicked problems? We re-evaluate Rittel and Webber’s arguments through the lens of complex systems, which provide a novel way to redefine wicked problems and engage their otherwise intractable, zero-sum impasses. The complex systems framework acknowledges and builds an understanding around the factors that give rise to wicked problems: interaction, heterogeneity, feedback, neighbourhood effects, and collective interest traps. This affinity allows complex systems tools to engage wicked problems more explicitly a...
NUCLEAR ENERGY LEVELS OF $sup 37$K.

Approximately 40 levels in $^{37}\mathrm{K}$ have been established via the reactions $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}(p, \ensuremath{\alpha})^{37}\mathrm{K}$, $^{36}\mathrm{Ar}(p, p)^{36}\mathrm{Ar}$, $^{36}\mathrm{Ar}(p, \ensuremath{\gamma})^{37}\mathrm{K}$, $^{36}\mathrm{Ar}(p, {p}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\gamma})^{36}\mathrm{Ar}$, $^{36}\mathrm{Ar}(d, n)^{37}\mathrm{K}$, and $^{36}\mathrm{Ar}(^{3}\mathrm{He}, d)^{37}\mathrm{K}$. Measurements of capture $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray energies with Ge(Li) counters have made possible the determination of several level energies with precisions ranging from 1 to 5 keV. The analogs in $^{37}\mathrm{K}$ of the first two excited levels in $^{37}\mathrm{Ar}$ were found as a closely spaced doublet at 1368- and 1380-keV excitation energy. The half-life of the latter has been measured electronically to be 9.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.4 nsec. The energies (in keV), spins, and parities of the lowest eight levels are 0, ${\frac{3}{2}}^{+}$; 1368\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3, (${\mathrm{\textonehalf{}}}^{+}$); 1380\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2, ${\frac{7}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$; 2169\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5, (${\frac{3}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$); 2278\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}9, (?); 2750\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1, ${\frac{5}{2}}^{+}$; 3083\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4, (${\frac{5}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$); and 3311\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4, ${\frac{3}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. Spin and parity assignments to other levels are also presented. Approximate values for the elastic and inelastic proton and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray widths of several levels have been determined. Evidence regarding the spins, parities, and widths of two candidates (at 5018\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3 and 5048\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3 keV) for the lowest $T=\frac{3}{2}$ level is presented. The $Q$ value for $^{36}\mathrm{Ar}(p, \ensuremath{\gamma})$ is 1857.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.4 keV and the mass excess of $^{37}\mathrm{K}$ on the $^{12}\mathrm{C}$=0 scale is - 24799.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.7 keV.
The role of gene rearrangements for antigen receptors in the diagnosis of lymphoma obtained by fine-needle aspiration: A study of 63 cases with concomitant immunophenotyping

To assess the efficacy of performing genotyping in addition to immunophenotyping as an adjunct to cytologic diagnosis, 63 consecutive patients with fine-needle aspirates of lymphoproliferative lesions who had concurrent immunophenotyping and genotyping performed on fine-needle aspirate cell suspensions were studied. Thirty-nine of 63 specimens (62%) that appeared to contain non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and that proved to be of B-cell lineage by genotyping were accurately phenotyped and shown to be monotypic for immunoglobulin light chains by cell suspension immunocytochemistry. Genotyping facilitated lineage assignment and/or confirmed clonality in 17 of 63 specimens (27%) that were difficult to determine based on morphologic data. These include cases of atypical lymphoid proliferations with polyclonal or inconclusive markers (n = 6), peripheral T-cell lymphoma (n = 3), extracutaneous mycosis fungoides (n = 1), lymphoblastic lymphoma (n = 4), null cell lymphoma (n = 1), and specimens with equivocal or technically unsatisfactory markers (n = 2). Based on these results, it is proposed that genotyping for lineage assignment and/or clonality be performed to include cases of atypical lymphoid proliferations, T-cell malignant neoplasms, lymphoid malignant neoplasms with equivocal markers, and differentiation of lymphoid from nonlymphoid neoplasms. Genotyping by antigen-receptor gene rearrangement appears to be redundant in cases with mature B-cell phenotypes that demonstrate monoclonality by immunophenotyping.
Hegel, Haiti i historia uniwersalna

Fragment przekladu na jezyk polski ksiązki Susan Buck-Morss Hegel, Haiti and Universal History , ktora ukaze sie nakladem wydawnictwa Krytyki Politycznej w grudniu 2013 roku
Functional connectivity at rest is sensitive to individual differences in executive function: A network analysis

Graph theory provides a means to understand the nature of network characteristics and connectivity between specific brain regions. Here it was used to investigate whether the network characteristics of the brain at rest are associated with three dimensions thought to underlie individual differences in executive function (EF)-common EF, shifting-specific EF, and updating-specific EF (Miyake and Friedman [2012]). To do so, both an a priori analysis focused mainly on select frontoparietal regions previously linked to individual differences in EF as well as a whole-brain analysis were performed. The findings indicated that individual differences in each of the three dimensions of EF were associated with specific patterns of resting-state connectivity both in a priori and other brain regions. More specifically, higher common EF was associated with greater integrative (i.e., more hublike) connectivity of cuneus and supplementary motor area but less integrative function of lateral frontal nodes and left temporal lobe nodes. Higher shifting-specific EF was associated with more hublike motor-related nodes and cingulo-opercular nodes. Higher updating-specific EF was associated with less hublike lateral and medial frontoparietal nodes. In general, these results suggested that higher ability in each of these three dimensions of EF was not solely characterized by the connectivity characteristics of frontoparietal regions. The pattern was complicated in that higher EF was associated with the connectivity profile of nodes outside of the traditional frontoparietal network, as well as with less hublike or centrality characteristics of some nodes within the frontoparietal network. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2959-2975, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In utero alcohol and postnatal methylphenidate: locomotion and dopamine receptors.

Abstract Prenatal alcohol exposure can cause central nervous system abnormalities and dysfunction referred to as Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND). Repeated intermittent methylphenidate (Ritalin®) was used as a psychopharmacological challenge to reveal functional alterations in dopamine binding sites in rats exposed prenatally to alcohol. Pregnant Long–Evans dams were intubated with 0, 3, or 5 g/kg/day of alcohol from gestational day (GD) 8 to GD20. Adult offspring received repeated intraperitoneal injections of 0, 4, or 8 mg/kg of methylphenidate (MET), and were tested periodically for locomotor activity. Autoradiographic assessment of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors binding were visualized using [3H]SCH 23390 and [3H]raclopride, respectively. Prenatal alcohol did not produced significant dose-dependent effects on adult locomotor activity. Repeated MET injections produced dose-dependent sensitization of locomotor activity in all groups. The 3-g/kg prenatal alcohol group had a significantly decreased number of dopamine D2 binding sites within the dorsal and ventral striatum. This effect was reversed by MET. The neural changes detected in the lower alcohol group may indicate persistent changes within the dopaminergic system due to prenatal alcohol exposure.
Effect of age on cholinergic muscarinic responsiveness and receptors in the rat urinary bladder.

AbstractThe effects of age on urinary bladder responsiveness to muscarinic agonists and on the Bmax and Kd of the binding of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) to muscarinic receptors of the bladder were studied. Bladder bodies and bases were isolated from Fischer 344 rats, ages seven, 16 and 27 months No age-dependent change in maximum KCl-elicited isotonic contractions was observed in either bladder region. The bladder base showed an age-dependent increase in the maximum contractions (Emax) elicited by muscarinic agonists. The Emax values for bladder bases from rats 27 months of age were 44 per cent, 58 per cent and 76 per cent greater than those from rats seven months of age for acetylcholine, bethanechol and oxotremorine, respectively. No such alteration in responsiveness was observed in the bladder body with age. There were no age-related changes in ED50 values for the three agonists in either bladder region. Analysis of [3H]QNB binding in the bladder base demonstrated a modest 18 per cent increase in...
BonJour’s Anti-Foundationalist Argument

Philosophers who reject foundationalism affirm either that there is not, or that there cannot be, a foundation of knowledge. A typical argument in support of the former claim runs as follows. For there to be a foundation of knowledge, there would have to be a sufficient number of beliefs that enjoy an evidential privilege such as infallibility, indubitability, or incorrigibility. For only by virtue of possessing such an evidential privilege could a belief be an instance of direct knowledge and then serve as a foundation forindirect knowledge. However, as a matter of psychological fact, far too few beliefs meet this condition for there to be a sufficient number of foundational beliefs. Hence indirect knowledge does not rest on any foundation.1
Redox Regulation of Mitochondrial ATP Synthase Implications for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Rationale:Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an effective clinical treatment for heart failure patients with conduction delay, impaired contraction, and energetics. Our recent studies have revealed that mitochondrial posttranslational modifications (PTM) may contribute to its benefits, motivating the present study of the oxidative regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Objectives:We tested whether CRT alteration of ATP synthase function is linked to cysteine (Cys) oxidative PTM (Ox-PTM) of specific ATP synthase subunits. Methods and Results:Canine left ventricular myocardium was collected under conditions to preserve Ox-PTM from control, dyssynchronous heart failure (DHF), or hearts that had undergone CRT. In-gel ATPase activity showed that CRT increased ATPase activity by ≈2-fold (P<0.05) over DHF, approaching control levels, and this effect was recapitulated with a reducing agent. ATP synthase function and 3 Ox-PTM: disulfide bond, S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosation were assessed. ATP synt...
EDF-hv: An Energy-Efficient Semi-Partitioned Approach for Hard Real-Time Systems

The shift from uniprocessor to multi-core architectures has made it more difficult to design predictable hard real-time systems (HRTS) and achieving high processor utilization remains a major challenge. As energy efficiency becomes an important design metric in HRTS, most systems use dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) to reduce dynamic power consumption when the system is underloaded. However, for many multi-core systems, DVFS is implemented using voltage and frequency islands (VFI), implying that individual cores cannot independently select their voltage and frequency (v/f) pairs, which results in less energy savings when existing energy-aware task assignment and scheduling techniques are used. In this work, we present an analysis of the increase in energy consumption in the presence of VFI. Further, we propose a semi-partitioned approach called EDF-hv to reduce the energy consumption of HRTS on multi-core systems with VFI. Simulation results revealed that when workload imbalance among the cores is sufficiently high, EDF-hv can reduce system energy consumption by 15.9% on average.
“Camouflaged” propaganda: The Truman and Eisenhower administrations’ covert manipulation of news

Throughout the Truman and Eisenhower presidencies, the domestic news media became part of the United States Government's propaganda scheme, despite claims that the American public would be exempt from such propagandization. The strategizing of both administrations and the interchange of employees between America's propaganda program and the private news arena helped create an American press that became outspoken advocates of a government‐sponsored propaganda program. Through examining the modes of production involved in the construction of “news” during the early Cold War years, this essay posits the existence of a “camouflaged” propaganda, where not only the source is concealed but the propagandistic nature of the material is unknown. Because of the hegemonic function of the free press ideology and the news format, the Truman and Eisenhower administrations were able to manipulate the content of the news in ways undetectable to audiences and potentially journalists.
Phosphorus loading rates in lakes with development and stocked fish in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, USA

In high-elevation lakes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains of central California, USA, increases in P concentration suggest accelerated nutrient loading in these delicate aquatic ecosystems. Some of these lakes show signs of eutrophication due to increased P loading. Presently, fish stocking practices include introductions of non-native as well as native fish, and sometimes in very large quantities. Stocked fish are fed diets that are often high in P and in turn excrete high P waste into lakes and/or die and decompose, potentially adding additional P to the system. The goal of this research was to determine the potential P contributions from residential shoreline developments and stocked fish. A seasonal, steady state P loading rate model was created to quantify P loading into nine lakes in the eastern Sierra Nevada. Lakes with no fish, stocked lakes, and lakes that have shoreline developments and stocked fish were compared using measured P concentrations. The greatest difference in P-loading rates was between stocked and unstocked lakes, which yielded an average of 6.29 × 10−3 (±6.39 × 10−3) mg P·L−1·yr−1 and 6.87 (±5.41) mg P·L−1·yr−1, respectively. Stocked lakes with shoreline development did not vary significantly from lakes with stocked fish and no shoreline development. The P-loading rate showed a correlation with the annual frequency of stocking events with an R2 value of 0.73.