cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How to do the History of Heterosexuality: Shakespeare and Lacan

This essay argues against two presumptions: first, that the psychoanalytic approach to sexuality is ahistorical; and second, that critics cannot speak of heterosexuality before its 19th-century invention. Looking to Lacanian psychoanalysis, and particularly to Lacan’s theory of sexuation (or sexual difference), this essay develops a queer history of heterosexuality premised on the idea that ‘heterosexuality’ is simply the latest way of describing a structural relation between the sexes. Lacan calls this structure ‘the sexual relation’, and describes it as a fantasy that man and woman are two halves of the same whole. At the same time, he insists that ‘the sexual relation does not exist’: that neither sex can actually make the other whole. Lacan’s own reading of Shakespeare’s Hamlet– focused in part on Hamlet’s antagonism toward Ophelia following the prince’s discovery of his father’s ‘castration’– offers an example of how to queer heterosexuality in pre-19th-century texts. My reading of Measure for Measure offers a second example, one that likewise evokes Freud’s mytho-historical account of the murder of the primordial father and the subsequent creation of a disinterested ‘law’ in the father’s name (Lacan’s Name of the Father). This essay concludes by suggesting that the fantasy of the sexual relation falters in both plays on the ‘obscene’ revelation of the law’s/the Father’s sinfulness.
Establishment of an emerging generalist pathogen in redwood forest communities

Summary 1 Phytophthora ramorum (causal agent of sudden oak death) is an emerging generalist pathogen in coastal forests of California and Oregon, USA, that causes lethal stem infections on oaks ( Quercus spp.) and tanoak ( Lithocarpus densiflorus ) as well as nonlethal foliar infections on a broad range of trees and shrubs. 2 We studied P. r amorum over its known range in coastal redwood forests to determine forest compositional variables that are important to its epidemiology within the geographical area that it has already invaded. Redwood forests are dominated by coast redwood ( Sequoia sempervirens ), tanoak and California bay laurel ( Umbellularia californica ). 3 A total of 120 permanent plots (500 m 2 each) were established in redwood forests at 12 sites within the main epidemic area in California. Over 5000 trees were mapped and examined for the presence of P. r amorum during spring 2002 and resampled in spring 2003. 4 Mean incidence of P. r amorum across all plots was 0.17 ± 0.01 in 2002 and 0.24 ± 0.02 in 2003. The highest infection levels by P. r amorum were found on California bay laurel (range 0.42‐0.69) and tanoak (0.32‐0.45). The highest levels of mortality were associated with tanoak and ranged from 0 to 66%, with 62.5% of that mortality associated with P. ramorum infection. 5 Disease incidence above 30% was most often associated with bay laurel importance value. In plots with few bay laurel stems, high disease levels were associated with the presence of understorey tanoaks. Bay laurel and small tanoaks are thought to represent the main source of inoculum for further spread of P. ramorum . 6 Differential host mortality due to this emerging generalist pathogen will exert considerable influence on redwood forest dynamics, with potentially dramatic shifts in forest composition and structure and subsequent cascading ecological and evolutionary effects.
Toward Science-Practice Integration in Brief Counseling and Therapy

Increased interest in the practice of brief counseling and therapy has been accompanied by an expansion of research activity. Nevertheless, signs abound of a schism between science- and practice-based understandings. This article outlines major approaches to brief counseling practice, including psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and strategic; summarizes recent research on brief therapeutic outcomes and processes; and identifies overlapping themes in the science and practice literatures. An integrative model of brief intervention, capable of being flexibly modified for a variety of client populations, is offered as a framework for future practice, research, and training activities.
Vibration Sensitivity Recovery after a Second Course of Acrylamide Intoxication

Abstract Five monkeys were trained to report detection of vibration or an electrical stimulus. Three of them had been dosed previously with acrylamide administered orally until toxic signs appeared, and were then allowed to recover. Approximately 30 weeks after the end of the first dosing course, they were dosed a second time with 10 mg/kg/day of acrylamide, 5 days a week, tomimic the dosage regimen of the first dosing period. Two monkeys received vehicle, as in the first dosing period. Vibration sensitivity was reduced in the exposed monkeys to an extent comparable to the first dosing period. Analysis of covariance showed that the rate of recovery from a second exposure to acrylamide was comparable to the rate of recovery from the first exposure. Vibration sensitivity appears useful as a monitoring tool to follow the time course of acrylamide-induced peripheral nerve dysfunction.
Analysis of Turbulent Pipe Flow with a Variable Heat Transfer Coefficient Using Integral Equations

A solution methodology is developed to investigate the problem of heat transfer to fully developed turbulent flow in a pipe subject to a variable external heat transfer coefficient. The variable convection coefficient serves to model a tube fitted with an array of external fins. The solution technique consists of using a Green's function to derive a singular Volterra integral equation for the wall temperature, which is then resolved using a standard integration scheme with the aid of singularity subtraction. The technique provides a straightforward combination of analytical and numerical methods which can handle a large class of problems involving variable boundary condition parameters. The method is used to present a parameter study displaying the effects of the variation of the heat transfer coefficient, the Reynolds number, and the Prandtl number on the heat transfer in turbulent pipe flow.
DECISION AND SEPARABILITY PROBLEMS FOR BAUMSLAG–SOLITAR SEMIGROUPS

We show that the semigroups Sk,l having semigroup presentations are residually finite and finitely separable. Generally, these semigroups have finite separating images which are finite groups and other finite separating images which are semigroups of order-increasing transformations on a finite partially ordered set. These semigroups thus have vastly different residual and separability properties than the Baumslag–Solitar groups which contain them.
Harmonic and noise propagation on cascaded sections of a power distribution feeder

The propagation of harmonics and noise generated at distributed generation sources on cascaded sections of three phase power distribution feeders is considered. It is shown that harmonics from different sources being correlated with the power waveform are subject to interference. Noise from different sources, being uncorrelated, cumulates as it propagates. Accumulating and propagating noise through cascaded sections results in error in the computation of accumulated noise in multi-conductor distribution systems. The paper presents an efficient model that can be used to study propagation and accumulation of noise and harmonics on cascaded sections of power distribution feeders. The model takes advantage of computations made during the front-to-back and back-to-front analysis of the cascaded network. The paper then describes a computer model, CASCADE that implements this procedure and can run on personal computers. The model uses minimal active core for its processing of even a large number of sections and minimizes the computations. Application of the model to signal-to-noise ratio scenario studies over cascaded sections is considered.
A NEW SPECIES OF ODONTOMACHUS ANT (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) FROM INLAND RIDGES OF FLORIDA, WITH A KEY TO ODONTOMACHUS OF THE UNITED STATES

The ponerine ant Odontomachus relictus n. sp. is described from specimens collected in scrub and sandhill habitats on several ancient sand ridges in Florida. It appears to be a relict species from dry periods in the Pleistocene. Workers are similar to the western species O. clarus Roger, but males of the two species are strongly divergent. Keys and natural history notes are provided for workers and males of the four Odontomachus species known from the U.S. Examination of males might help clarify the taxonomic status of Odontomachus of Central and South America.
App Review Series: RadioGraphics.

As every radiologist knows, RadioGraphics is one of the premier review article journals in our field. Its educational content is an outstanding resource for in-depth topics and matching illustrations for a myriad of topics in radiology. This app succeeds in making all of that terrific content available on your phone or tablet at the touch of a button. Now, you can have all of these illustrations and expert content available at your fingertips.
Development of Aerodynamic Modeling and Calibration Methods for General Aviation Aircraft Performance Analysis - a Survey and Comparison of Models

Aircraft flight safety has been a main issue in General Aviation (GA) area. It is important to generate an accurate aerodynamic model of GA aircraft in order to understand the aircraft performance in the entire regime of aircraft operations. Several aerodynamic modeling and calibration methods for a general aviation aircraft are surveyed, examined, and compared in this study. Based on the well-established aerodynamic model, the model is extended to the post-stall regime to estimate the post-stall aerodynamic characteristics in the extreme regime. The developed model in this study was validated using historical and published data for Cessna 172S aircraft.
The role of occlusion in the etiology and therapy of periodontal disease.

Abstract No Abstract Available. From the Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California. This discussion was presented as part of a Workshop on Research Related ...
Comparison of the impact of different key types on ease of imaging and printing for replica key production

Three-dimensional printing and scanning can be used to replicate keys. This is problematic due to the vast number of keyed locks installed and the effort required to convert these to a more resistant technology. This paper considers whether certain types of keys / locks may be more resistant to 3D scanning and printing. Data is collected and analyzed to determine whether a set of common features exist between keys that are more or less resistant to 3D scanning and printing-based duplication. Based on this analysis, the short, medium term and long term viability of keyed locks is considered.
DEFINING WOMEN IN AMERICAN AND INDIAN PRIME TIME: A CROSS CULTURAL ANALYSIS

Defining Women in American and Indian Prime Time is an in depth analysis of viewer's perceptions of the roles played by women on prime time, in two different cultural settings. The research is directed towards respondents with two different media and cultural experiences. The first are interviewees who are simply familiar with American prime time, and the second, are those who are acquainted with both the American and the Indian content. The research questions address specifics of representations associated with the American and the Indian media, the roles women play on prime time, whether the viewers can associate with the characters, possible difference between prime time representations and reality, as well as possible overlaps between ways of reading media's constructions of femininity in these culturally different stage sets. Analysis of the findings in the study acknowledge more analogous ways of deriving meaning out of gender reproductions on prime time in comparison to distinct perceptions of reading gender images in the American and Indian media.
Abstract 979: Identification of a novel long noncoding RNA within the LCK gene locus that regulates prostate cancer cell growth

Prostate cancer remains the second most common type of cancer and frequent cause of cancer-related mortality in American men. Even though many patients with metastatic prostate cancer will initially respond to androgen deprivation therapy, virtually all patients will relapse and develop lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as critical regulatory elements of many cellular biological processes, and there is increasing evidence demonstrating that dysregulation of lncRNAs is associated with many human cancers, including cancers of the prostate, breast, and lung. We have discovered in a high-throughput RNAi screen identifying regulators of prostate cancer cell growth that knockdown of lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) significantly decreases growth of prostate cancer cells in the presence and absence of androgen. Surprisingly, immunoprecipitation and western blot analyses show that LCK is not expressed at the protein level in prostate cancer cells. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and sequencing have revealed that a previously unannotated lncRNA lies within exon six and the 3’UTR of the LCK gene. While short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting the carboxy-terminus of the LCK gene decreases cell growth, expression of shRNAs specific for the amino-terminus has no effect on growth. Furthermore, only quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) primers directed toward the 3’ section of the LCK gene yield detectable levels of transcript. These data provide further validation for the existence of a lncRNA within the LCK gene locus. Remarkably, the lncRNA situated within the LCK gene is dramatically upregulated in response to androgen. Therefore, we have labeled this lncRNA “HULLK” for Hormone-upregulated lncRNA within LCK. Cellular fractionation and qPCR show that HULLK predominantly localizes to the cytoplasm. In addition to the effects on prostate cancer cell growth, we have data that alludes to the increase in transcript levels of several Src family members following depletion of HULLK. Thus, these studies indicate that the LCK gene contains a lncRNA involved in the regulation of prostate cancer cell growth and perhaps transcription. While additional analyses will be required to fully characterize HULLK, our data suggest that it may serve as a novel regulator of prostate cancer proliferation. Citation Format: Huy Q. Ta, Samuel R. Jackson, Hilary Whitworth, Shriti Bhadel, Daniel Gioeli. Identification of a novel long noncoding RNA within the LCK gene locus that regulates prostate cancer cell growth. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 979.
A Debate on the Ethics of Aging: Does the Concept of Autonomy Provide a Sufficient Framework for Aging Policy?

This article presents a debate on the issue of autonomy in aging policy held at the 1994 annual meeting of the American Society on Aging held in San Francisco, California. Harry R. Moody, director of the Institute for Human Values in Aging at Hunter College, supports a reconceptualized notion of personal autonomy which focuses on issues of power, theory, and practice, and finds conflicts between autonomy and justice in the lived world of the elderly and disabled. In aging policy, he promotes an emphasis on social movements such as Hospice rather than on autonomy of individuals. He suggests alternatives to extreme paternalism or complete autonomy, such as a communicative ethics approach. Larry Polivka, director of the Florida Policy Exchange Center on Aging at the University of South Florida, affirms that policy for the aging and disabled should be based ona commitment to autonomy. He describes an integrated model for long-term care that places autonomy first and includes features of communicative ethics and the negotiated consent and virtues models of ethics.
Abstract A122: Role of cellular senescence in breast cancer prevention and treatment

Most studies on cellular senescence (CS) have been conducted in vitro on normal and tumor cell lines by employing antitumor agents, irradiation, or by modulating activity of specific genes. These different approaches lead to DNA damage, gene instability, telomerase inhibition, and/or chromatin alterations that primarily affect p53 - p21 signaling. Little is known whether cancer prevention/therapy agents; tamoxifen, SERMs, aromatase inhibitors and retinoids/rexinoids, which do not directly damage DNA, can also induce CS in normal mammary tissues, premalignant lesions and tumors and the molecular mechanisms involved. To determine the effects of the above agents on CS, normal MEC, breast cancer cell lines, mammary carcinogenesis models that produce ER+ and ER- tumors, xenograft tumor models, as well as frozen sections from breast carcinomas were employed. A double labeling procedure was developed that first identifies senescent cells (SC) by SA-β-Gal reaction and then the expression of genes associated with CS, among them; p53, p21, p16, gH2A.X, pRb, RARβ2, HIPg and telomerase activity. siRNA technology was used to assess the role of p21 and RARβ2 expression in mediating the senescence program of retinoids and rexinoids. In addition to CS, cell proliferation and apoptosis were also examined. We found that SC were mostly detected in hyperplastic and premalignant lesions and rarely in tumors. In MNU-mammary carcinogenesis model, tamoxifen, vorazole (an aromatase inhibitor), DHEA, retinoids [all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), 9-cis-retinoic acid (9cRA), 4-hydroxyphenyl-retinamide (4-HPR) and rexinoids (LDG1069), in addition to inhibition of cell proliferation also induced CS. Doses of the above agents that induced CS were similar to those inhibiting cell proliferation, but lower to those leading to apoptosis. CS induced by tamoxifen, DHEA, aromatase inhibitors and rexinoids was associated with p21 and p16 up-regulation and with decrease in telomerase activity. Retinoids and rexinoids were also efficacious inducers of CS in both, MNU and MMTV-Neu mammary carcinogenesis models, that produce ER+ and ER- mammary tumors. The alterations in the above senescence associated target genes was also confirmed in MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MD-231 and BT474 breast tumor cell lines. Our data suggests that in addition to cell proliferation and apoptosis, CS can be also used as potential biomarker of response in breast cancer preclinical and clinical studies, as well as in testing the efficacy of potential preventive and antitumor agents. Supported by KG100509 grant from Susan G Komen Breast Cancer Foundation Citation Format: Anne Shilkaitis, Albert Green, Tohru Yamada, Konstantin Christov. Role of cellular senescence in breast cancer prevention and treatment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Breast Cancer Research: Genetics, Biology, and Clinical Applications; Oct 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2013;11(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A122.
Isocitrate Reverses Anemia of Inflammation in a Mouse Model Treated with Heat-Killed Brucella Abortus

Abstract INTRODUCTION Anemia of inflammation (AI) is mediated by increased levels of hepcidin and inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α. The release of these cytokines upregulates the activity of the transcription factor PU.1 leading to an inhibition of erythroid differentiation. Another key component of this pathway is the iron-sensitive Krebs cycle enzyme aconitase. Iron restriction inactivates aconitase leading to a suppression of erythropoiesis. Isocitrate, the metabolite of aconitase, is thought to inhibit aconitase inactivation and increase erythroid responsiveness to erythropoietin (Richardson et al, JCI 2013). Using a mouse model of anemia of inflammation, we set out to characterize the effects of exogenous isocitrate on inflamed mice. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were placed on iron-sufficient diet 2 weeks prior to intraperitoneal injection of either heat-killed Brucella abortus or saline. Both uninflamed and inflamed mice were then treated with either sodium isocitrate or saline. In total, there were 4 groups of study: isocitrate-treated inflamed mice, saline-treated inflamed mice, isocitrate-treated uninflamed mice, and saline-treated uninflamed mice. Mice were analyzed at various time points for CBC and differential, reticulocyte count, serum iron, hepcidin mRNA, and hepatic SAA-1 mRNA (an index of inflammation). RESULTS In comparison to saline-treated inflamed mice, at 7 days, isocitrate-treated inflamed mice had significantly higher hemoglobin (11.7 g/dL v. 6.3 g/dL, p DISCUSSION Isocitrate treatment ameliorates anemia in our mouse model of AI. Despite comparable levels of serum erythropoietin, isocitrate-treated inflamed mice undergo increased erythropoiesis in comparison to saline-treated inflamed mice, as evidenced by the increased reticulocyte count. This suggests that isocitrate affects signaling at the level of erythropoiesis, and prevents the loss of responsiveness to erythropoietin that is normally seen during inflammation. The overall increase in Saa-1 mRNA levels and white blood cell count suggests that isocitrate might contribute to enhancing the overall inflammatory process. Inflammation induces iron restriction, through the action of hepcidin. However, hepcidin is not elevated in the isocitrate-treated inflamed mice. In the absence of inflammation, the parameters of isocitrate-treated mice are comparable to saline-treated mice. Although the mechanism of isocitrate’s effects on AI has yet to be elucidated, our characterization study could serve as a platform for further exploration into isocitrate’s potential therapeutic effects. Disclosures Nemeth: Intrinsic LifeSciences: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Merganser Biotech: Equity Ownership. Ganz: Intrinsic LifeSciences: Consultancy, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Keryx Pharma: Consultancy; Merganser Biotech: Consultancy, Equity Ownership.
Combining Full-Field Measurements and Inverse Techniques for Smart Material Testing

Traditionally, material properties (such as Young’s modulus, yield stress, etc.) are determined from a series of simple tensile and shear tests performed under various temperatures, strain rates, etc. This process is time-consuming and expensive. Additionally, material properties determined from simplified stress states may not adequately describe material behaviour under more complex loading conditions. In the past decade, full-field deformation measurements such as Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and inverse techniques such as the Virtual Fields Method (VFM) have reached a maturity level that takes them from the realm of development to the realm of application. This paper will present a concerted effort beginning at Sandia National Laboratory to explore a new experimental protocol for high-throughput, high-quality material identification by combining DIC, full-field temperature measurements, and VFM. Our current thrust is focused on identifying visco-plastic material parameters of 304L stainless steel. In particular, we will discuss the question of uniqueness of the material model and how parameter covariance affects material identification.
The counterfeit presentment: an early 20th century model of intercollegiate debate as civic education

The relationship of intercollegiate debating to debating or argument as it occurs in civic spaces has always been a contentious issue since the start of competitive debates. In the early days of th...
THE MECHANISM OF STIMULATED PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL BREAKDOWN

SUMMARY: A reaction in which cytidine 5′-diphosphate (CDP)-diglyceride and inositol are formed from 1-stearoyl, 2-arachidonoyl phosphatidylinositol and cytidine 5′-monophosphate (CMP) occurs readily in dialyzed microsomes from mouse pancreas. The reaction requires Mn 2+ and it is inhibited by each of the two products, CDP-diglyceride and myo-inositol. It is presumed to involve the back-reaction of CDP-diglyceride:inositol phosphatidyltransferase (phosphatidylinositol synthetase) (E.C.2.7.8.11). Evidence from [ 3 H ] cytidine incorporation in intact cells indicates that CDP-diglyceride is the first lipid product of acetylcholine-stimulated breakdown of phosphatidylinositol in mouse pancreas. Inositol has been shown previously to be the water-soluble product. The most likely mechanism for stimulated phosphatidylinositol breakdown is therefore the back-reaction of phosphatidylinositol synthetase - phosphatidylinositol + CMP → CDP-diglyceride + inositol. There appears to be the subsequent formation of phosphatidic acid from CDP-diglyceride.
Sex Determination and Sex Linkage

Most higher animals and many plants are represented by two types of individuals. They are designated male and female, donors and recipients, mating type A and a, plus and minus, and in other ways. These differences are the most generally recognized variations in organisms. In most higher organisms, the number of sexes has been reduced to only two types. These two sexual systems usually reside in different individuals, although some organisms are hermaphroditic, whereby both male and female reproductive organs are found in one individual. Many flowering plants have their male and female reproductive parts within one flower, called a perfect flower. Some species have flowers of different sex on the same plant. These flowers are then staminate or pistillate, and the plant is monoecious. A few species of plants have the two sexes on separate plants, and these plants are described as being dioecious.
Construction Robotics: A Perspective

Construction robotics is an infant discipline whose mature form is not apparent. Despite the many advantages and benefits of introducing robotic technology to the construction work site, progress to date has been circuitous. Needs, prospects, challenges, and goals of construction robotics are presented. They suggest an evolutionary approach to the development of advanced construction machines, building on developments in parallel domains. We speculate that the forms of teleoperated, programmed, and cognitive robots and their hybrids will all be relevant in the long term.
Dendritic Growth of Glycine from Nonphotochemical Laser-Induced Nucleation of Supersaturated Aqueous Solutions in Agarose Gels

We have observed two new morphologies of crystalline glycine grown from supersaturated aqueous solutions in agarose gels: tree-branch dendrites that nucleate spontaneously from a solution interface...
Stereoselective synthesis of protected amino alkyl epoxides

Abstract The mechanism of epoxidation of chiral allyl amines has been investigated. The intrinsic stereoselectivity for epoxidation is shown to be approximately 5:1 and is independent of the nitrogen substituent. However, the nature of the N-protecting group influences the stability of the undesired epoxide to the acidic media, with the minor diastereomer undergoing preferential decomposition. Conditions are reported for the highly stereoselective synthesis of epoxide 9R, an important building block in the synthesis of several enzyme inhibitors.
Making Internet of Things Real

The Internet of Things (IoT) is driving the next wave of innovation in both business models and technology. While the IoT revolution, as it is being called, promises to be a major driver of economic activity and many businesses are coming onboard, if it is not approached with both business and technology perspectives together, the desired outcomes may not always be achieved. In this article we take a fresh look at IoT as a business revolution driven by technology. Our key contribution is the definition of business and technology drivers that need to be considered when choices are being made for adoption of IoT in a business. We provide case studies of actual businesses who have successfully transformed themselves into IoT-based businesses, and we provide examples of key business and technology drivers considered by them.
Improvement in Recurrent Dysphonia Associated with the Regular Use of A Robot Vacuum: a Case Study

ABSTRACTThis case study describes the experience of a woman in her late 40s with chronic recurrent episodes of dysphonia. The patient reported that the purchase and use of a robot vacuum resulted i...
Critical Tourism as a Pedagogy for Art Education Abroad

The purpose of this article is to examine the pedagogy and practice of critical tourism in art education abroad. First, we unpack the neoliberal discourse underlying U.S. study abroad programs and ...
Reliability prediction method of smart meter based on Hadoop platform and published parameter estimation

Smart meter is an important electrical measurement equipment in the construction of smart grid, its operation reliability will directly affect the safety and stability of the grid. Therefore, a reliability prediction method that can accurately predict smart meters is of great practical significance for building a strong smart grid. First of all, build a smart meter reliability prediction architecture based on the Hadoop cloud computing platform; then, with real-time data, the Weibull distribution parameter method and fuzzy binary ranking method are used to obtain the optimal failure rate of the smart meter; finally, the smart meter life and reliability of the predictions is analyzed, and ultimately the reliability of smart meters is expected to optimize the method. The results of calculation examples show that the proposed forecasting method is consistent with the actual situation of the reliability prediction of the meter, and the design ideas and methods of the forecasting method have theoretical and practical significance for smart meter manufacturing and using enterprises.
Science in the Practice of Clinical Dentistry

This article informs dental clinicians on the essential workings of scientific research and statistical analyses. It provides clinicians with the essential knowledge necessary to understand and review scientific work.
Wissenschaft auf Abwegen: Leugner, Pseudowissenschaftler und andere Scharlatane

Wir verlassen jetzt das Thema des Betrugs – hinter dem die Akzeptanz der wissenschaftlichen Standards und der absichtliche Verstos gegen diese Werte stehen – und wenden uns den Leugnern und Pseudowissenschaftlern zu. Hier reicht die Einstellung zu wissenschaftlichen Werten und empirischen Belegen von Missverstandnissen und Ignoranz bis hin zu deren Anerkennung, die jedoch nicht ausreicht, um eine Veranderung oder Abkehr von ideologischen Uberzeugungen zu bewirken.
Creating hybrid distributed learning environments by implementing distributed collaborative writing in traditional educational settings

This paper summarizes three field experiments involving distributed collaborative writing in traditional educational settings creating a hybrid form of distributed education. One finding shows that specialized collaborative tools allowed for parallel work, group awareness, and coordination, providing substantial advantages over traditional word processors in distributed collaborative writing. However, it was also found that advanced collaborative writing tools alone did not provide optimal results in distributed collaborative writing groups; such groups also needed high levels of process structure, which can be delivered through carefully constructed scripts. Moreover, it was found that introducing face-to-face meetings in distributed collaborative writing work did not necessarily provide advantages over work that was performed in all-distributed settings. Given these findings, this paper concludes by discussing the contributions, implications, limitations, and future research possibilities for hybrid distributed education are discussed.
0022 #StayAtHomeSafety campaign to prevent home-related injuries due to COVID-19

Statement of purposePrevent Child Injury launched the #StayAtHomeSafety campaign on March 25th, 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic with the goal of increasing awareness of child injuries that occur in and around the home, as families were spending more time at home due to directives to shelter in place and socially distance Methods/ApproachThe campaign included a Twitter chat and a frequently updated page on the Prevent Child Injury website that served as a hub for home safety and COVID-19 information Before the event, we called upon individuals and organizations (American Academy of Pediatrics, Parents Magazine, Safe Kids Worldwide, and more) to participate in spreading awareness of the campaign and taking part in the Twitter chat ResultsThe #StayAtHomeSafety Twitter chat resulted in 336 contributors, 999 tweets with a reach of more than 6 2 million and more than 18 3 million timeline deliveries The COVID-19 webpage on the Prevent Child Injury website has over 2,000 pageviews ConclusionsIn less than a week, nearly 20 organizations and 8 poison centers signed on to become partners of the campaign by promoting the materials to their networks, creating their own #StayAtHomeSafety materials, and participating in the Twitter chat The hashtag continues to be used with 500+ new contributors, writing 1000+ tweets reaching 2 million more people and 4 2 million more timeline deliveries SignificanceWith schools, businesses, and public places closing in late March 2020, children spent more time in the home under circumstances that included altered routines, gaps in supervision, and parental stress These conditions put children at increased risk for injury in the home #StayAtHomeSafety focused on protecting children from preventable injuries and helped parents and caregivers understand why preventing injury is especially important in the midst of a national emergency
PAM50- and immunohistochemistry-based subtypes of breast cancer and their relationship with breast cancer mortality in a population-based study

We evaluated the prognostic ability of immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based vs. PAM50-based subtypes for breast cancer mortality in a population-based study of breast cancer. We included a total of 463 breast cancer cases from the population-based Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project (LIBCSP). IHC-based markers were abstracted from the medical records, while the PAM50-based intrinsic subtypes were assessed from tumor tissues using NanoString nCounter® Analysis System. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazards ratios (HRs) for breast cancer-specific mortality associated with subtypes. For IHC-based hormone receptor-positive (HR+) tumors (n = 361), 68.7% were classified as luminal subtypes by PAM50; for HR− tumors (n = 102), 95.1% were classified as non-luminal subtypes. Compared to HR+/HER2− subtype, HR− patients had significantly higher breast cancer mortality (HR−/HER2+: HR = 2.84, 95% CI = 1.58–5.11; triple-negative breast cancer: HR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.44–4.06). Compared to luminal A, a higher mortality rate was observed for all other PAM50-based subtypes: luminal B (HR = 4.03, 95% CI = 1.97–8.22), HER2-enriched (HR = 6.82, 95% CI = 3.29–14.14) and basal-like (HR = 4.71, 95% CI = 2.24–9.93). Additional subtyping of HR+ patients by PAM50 provided future risk stratification where luminal B patients in this group had significant higher mortality than luminal A patients (HR = 3.93, 95% CI = 1.92–8.03). Similar results were also observed among 291 HR+/HER2− patients, but not among the HR− patients. Our study suggests that for HR+ patients, especially HR+/HER2− patients, additional PAM50-based subtyping would provide better prognostic stratification and improve disease management.
No Foul Play for Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts in Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) can be placed to treat or prevent complications of portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis, yet little is known about the effects of TIPS placement on diagnosis or liver transplant (LT) outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We read with interest the recent retrospective analysis from Krumeich et al. suggesting that the presence of TIPS may alter radiographic HCC visualization, leading to under-staging and underdiagnosis of HCC - or occult disease - prior to LT (1). Previous studies have suggested in-vivo alteration of hepatic parenchymal blood flow, increased arterial perfusion, and decreased portal venous perfusion in cirrhotic patients with TIPS (2,3) as potential contributory mechanisms to Krumeich et al.'s recently published findings.
Self-Reported Diabetes Prevalence in Asian American Subgroups: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2013-2019.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a leading contributor to morbidity and mortality in the United States (US). Prior DM prevalence estimates in Asian Americans are predominantly from Asians aggregated into a single group, but the Asian American population is heterogenous. To evaluate self-reported DM prevalence in disaggregated Asian American subgroups to inform targeted management and prevention. Serial cross-sectional analysis. Respondents to the US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys who self-identify as non-Hispanic Asian American (NHA, N=57,001), comprising Asian Indian (N=11,089), Chinese (N=9458), Filipino (N=9339), Japanese (N=10,387), and Korean Americans (N=2843), compared to non-Hispanic White (NHW, N=2,143,729) and non-Hispanic Black (NHB, N=215,957) Americans. Prevalence of self-reported DM. Univariate Satterthwaite-adjusted chi-square tests compared the differences in weighted DM prevalence by sociodemographic and health status. Self-reported fully adjusted DM prevalence was 8.7% (95% confidence interval 8.2–9.3) in NHA, compared to 14.3% (14.0–14.6) in NHB and 10.0% (10.0–10.1) in NHW (p<0.01 for difference). In NHA subgroups overall, DM prevalence was 14.4% (12.6–16.3) in Filipino, 13.4% (10.9–16.2) in Japanese, 10.7% (9.6–11.8) in Asian Indian, 5.1% (4.2–6.2) in Chinese, and 4.7% (3.4–6.3) in Korean Americans (p<0.01). Among those aged ≥65 years, DM prevalence was highest in Filipino (35.0% (29.4–41.2)) and Asian Indian (31.5% (25.9–37.8)) Americans. Adjusted for sex, education, and race/ethnicity-specific obesity category, NHA overall had a 21% higher DM prevalence compared to NHW (prevalence ratio 1.21 [1.14–1.27]), while prevalence ratios were 1.42 (1.24–1.63) in Filipinos and 1.29 (1.14–1.46) in Asian Indians. Adjusted self-reported DM prevalence is higher in NHA compared with NHW. Disaggregating NHA reveals heterogeneity in self-reported DM prevalence, highest in Filipino and Asian Indian Americans.
We Did ‘em First! 33 Obscure, Lost, and Forgotten Originals

Little Richard was infuriated. Why would Pat Boone try to steal his new fans by issuing lame cover recordings of “Tutti Frutti” and “Long Tall Sally”? But Dolly Parton was flattered. It was both fi...
The Use of biofloors in great ape zoo exhibits

The past several decades have seen significant progress in zoo exhibit design, with naturalistic spaces replacing many of the traditional concrete enclosures. Furthermore, research studying the impact of such exhibit design in terms of animal welfare and zoo visitor experience has increased. While this has been especially true for studies of zoo-housed great apes, the effect of the floor type that apes reside on—whether concrete or a softer/organic substrate—has received relatively little attention. To better understand zoos’ motivations for, and experiences with, different flooring substrates, a survey was administered to all 89 zoos accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums that house great apes. Here, the results of the survey are presented and interpreted in the context of the knowledge gained from the four biofloor exhibits housing chimpanzees and gorillas at the Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago, USA. Of the 62 zoos that responded, 45 reported having indoor exhibit spaces in which visitors could view great apes, but only 13 had exhibits that provide a biofloor as the exhibit substrate. Zoos indicated that animal welfare was a key motivator for installing biofloors, while facility constraints were most often cited as the primary impediment to having a biofloor. Pest control and cleaning protocols only varied slightly across institutions and floor types, with many zoos following similar maintenance procedures. Overall, survey responses and experiences at Lincoln Park Zoo suggest biofloors promote positive welfare without compromising husbandry efforts and are a worthwhile investment.
Simultaneous analysis of multiple fluorescence decay curves by Laplace transforms: Deconvolution with reference or excitation profiles

The properties and potentials of the noniterative Laplace deconvolution (LAP2) (M. Ameloot and H. Hendrickx, Biophys. J. 44 (1983) 27) are further investigated. It is shown that LAP2 is exact and that no extrapolations have to be calculated or assumed for the data measured in the actual time window if the impulse response function of the investigated system can be described by a sum of exponentials. The formulas for the LAP2 deconvolution against the measured decay of a reference compound instead of the recorded excitation profile are derived. The procedure for the simultaneous analysis of multiple fluorescence decay curves by LAP2 is described in detail. This global analysis allows one to link any decay parameter, is fast and compares favorably with the nonlinear least-squares iterative reconvolution methods. Because of its short computation time the global analysis by LAP2 provides an efficient way to analyze the fluorescence decay surface in terms of decay associated spectra.
Synthesis of 7-Oxo-8-Aminopelargonic Acid, a Biotin Vitamer, in Cell-free Extracts of Escherichia coli Biotin Auxotrophs

The enzymatic synthesis of 7-oxo-8-aminopelargonic acid (7-KAP) from pimelyl-coenzyme A and l-alanine was demonstrated in cell-free extracts of a biotin mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 which excretes only 7-KAP into the growth medium. This biotin vitamer was identified by its chromatographic and electrophoretic properties. The enzyme (7-KAP synthetase) was repressed when the organism was grown in biotin concentrations greater than 0.2 ng/ml. The parent strain and members of other mutant groups that excrete 7-KAP, in addition to other vitamers, also exhibited synthetase activity. A mutant group that failed to excrete 7-KAP was further sub-divided into three groups, one of which lacked synthetase activity. These results are discussed in relation to a previously proposed scheme for biotin biosynthesis in which the formation of 7-KAP is considered the point of entry for pimelic acid into the biotin pathway.
Talcott Parsons on full citizenship for African Americans: retrospective interpretation and evaluation

In this essay in the Thinking Citizenship Series, Lidz evaluates the contributions of Talcott Parsons for thinking about citizenship and race relations in twentieth century America.
Development models in Muslim contexts : Chinese, 'Islamic' and neo-liberal alternatives

Introduction: The Lure of Development Models, Robert Springborg Section One: The Chinese Model and its Global Reception 1. A China Model or Just a Broken Mould?, William Hurst 2. Latin America's View of China: Interest, but Scepticism, Barbara Stallings 3. The China Model in Africa: A New Brand of Developmentalism, Catherine Boone with Dhawal Doshi Section Two: The Chinese Model and its Competitors in the Muslim World 4. Learning the Right Lessons from Beijing: A Model for the Arab World?, Emma Murphy 5. Toward an Islamic Model for the Middle East and North Africa?, Clement M. Henry 6. Democracy, Development, and Political Islam: Comparing Iran and Turkey, Mohammed Ayoob 7. Can the East Asian Developmental State be Replicated? The Case of Malaysia, Jeff Tan Section Three: The Role of Governance in Development Models 8. Governance against Development in Pakistan, Ishrat Husain 9. Is 'Good Governance' an Appropriate Model for Governance Reforms? The Relevance of East Asia for Developing Muslim Countries, Mushtaq Khan Conclusion: Not Washington, Beijing Nor Mecca-The Limitations of Development Models, Robert Springborg About the Contributors.
Clarification and quantitation of primary (tissue) and secondary (microbial) catabolites of riboflavin that are excreted in mammalian (rat) urine.

Riboflavin derivatives were quantitated and identified in urine of rats fed 0, 2 and 6 micrograms riboflavin/g diet per day both with and without added succinyl sulfathiazole for 6 wk. Two rats from each dietary group were placed in metabolic cages and urine was collected in the dark for 24 h. On the fourth week, a third animal from each group received an i.p. injection of [2-14C]riboflavin before being placed in a metabolic cage and urine collected in the dark for 48 h. Urine samples were extracted with phenol for flavin components and with chloroform for lumichrome and derivatives. Riboflavin was the predominant flavin excreted by rats in all dietary groups, followed by hydroxymethylriboflavins and smaller amounts of flavin mononucleotide (FMN), lumiflavin and 10-hydroxyethylflavin. Carboxylumichromes accounted for 5-10% of the total flavin-derived fluorescence in urine of rats fed 2 and 6 micrograms riboflavin/g diet and were reduced to approximately 3% when sulfathiazole was added to the base diets. Carboxylumichromes were absent from urine of riboflavin-deficient rats. Riboflavin accounted for 85-90% of the recovered radioactivity of all radioactive urine extracts; no radioactively labeled carboxylumichromes were detected. These results indicate that hydroxymethylriboflavins are primary catabolites of riboflavin derived from tissue microsomal oxidations, whereas carboxylumichromes reflect the continued oxidation of ring hydroxymethyl functions plus gut microbial cleavage of the side chain of flavin.
Spin-Seebeck Effect: A Phonon Driven Spin Distribution

Here we report on measurements of the spin-Seebeck effect in GaMnAs over an extended temperature range alongside the thermal conductivity, specific heat, magnetization, and thermoelectric power. The amplitude of the spin-Seebeck effect in GaMnAs scales with the thermal conductivity of the GaAs substrate and the phonon-drag contribution to the thermoelectric power of the GaMnAs, demonstrating that phonons drive the spin redistribution. A phenomenological model involving phonon-magnon drag explains the spatial and temperature dependence of the measured spin distribution.
In vitro and in vivo relaxation of urinary bladder smooth muscle by the selective myosin II inhibitor, blebbistatin

OBJECTIVE To investigate the in vitro and in vivo effects of blebbistatin (a small cell-permeable molecule with high affinity and selectivity toward the myosin II contractile molecule) on bladder smooth muscle (SM) contractility, as antimuscarinic therapy is only 65-75% effective in treating overactive bladder (OAB) and is associated with considerable side-effects, with a < 25% continuation rate at 1 year. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bladder and aortic strips from adult male rats, and human bladder strips obtained from open prostatectomy, were used for organ-bath studies of blebbistatin. Awake cystometry was also used in rats in both the presence and absence of intravesically delivered blebbistatin. RESULTS Blebbistatin dose-dependently and completely relaxed both KCl- and carbachol-induced rat detrusor and endothelin-1-induced human bladder contraction. Pre-incubation with 10 µm blebbistatin attenuated carbachol responsiveness by ≈ 65% while blocking electrical field stimulation-induced bladder contraction reaching 50% inhibition at 32 Hz. The basal tone and amplitude of spontaneous contraction were also significantly diminished. Urodynamic variables were obviously altered by intravesical infusion with blebbistatin. CONCLUSION Our novel data show that blebbistatin strongly relaxes both rat and human bladder contraction induced by various physiological stimuli. Coupled with our in vivo data showing that nanomole doses of blebbistatin significantly alter urodynamic variables to produce a less active bladder, our results suggest the possibility of intravesically administered blebbistatin binding at myosin II being developed as a therapeutic treatment for OAB via a novel targeting of the SM contractile apparatus.