cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mediators of the relation between sexual victimization and distress: Comparison to bereavement

OBJECTIVE The purposes of this research were (a) to examine relationship quality and neuroticism as mediators of the relation between past sexual victimization and current distress in 2 samples of college students and (b) to examine the specificity of the mediated effects by assessing whether these variables also mediated the relation between the most common potentially traumatic event in both samples (past bereavement) and current distress. This study improved on prior research by using longitudinal data, assessing multiple mediators, assessing specificity of mediated effects, and replicating results across 2 samples. METHOD Participants in both studies were undergraduate students in psychology courses (Ns = 1,528 and 1,084, respectively). In both studies, sexual victimization, bereavement and the 2 mediators (relationship quality and neuroticism) were assessed at baseline, and distress was assessed at baseline and 2 months later using standard measures. RESULTS Structural equation modeling was used to assess the indirect (mediated) effects of sexual victimization and bereavement on later distress through relationship quality and neuroticism, controlling for baseline distress. In Study 1, the indirect effects of sexual victimization on distress through relationship quality and neuroticism were both significant. In Study 2, only the indirect effects through neuroticism were significant. None of the indirect effects were significant for bereavement, suggesting that the mediators were specific to sexual victimization. CONCLUSIONS Neuroticism was a consistent mediator of the relation between lifetime sexual victimization and current distress, suggesting that it may be an important target of intervention for those with a history of sexual victimization. (PsycINFO Database Record
Cardiovascular risk prediction in people with chronic kidney disease.

Purpose of review Clinical guidelines are not consistent regarding whether or how to utilize information on measures of chronic kidney disease (CKD) for predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review summarizes recent literature regarding CVD prediction in the context of CKD. Recent findings Previous studies used different definitions of CKD measures and CVD outcomes, and applied distinct statistical approaches. A recent individual-level meta-analysis from the CKD Prognosis Consortium is of value as it has uniformly investigated creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria as CKD measures and applied the same statistical approach across 24 cohorts with more than 630 000 participants. In this meta-analysis, eGFR and albuminuria improve CVD risk prediction beyond traditional CVD risk factors, particularly for CVD mortality and heart failure. Albuminuria demonstrates more evident improvement than eGFR. Moreover, several recent studies have shown that other filtration markers, for example, cystatin C and β2-microglobulin, and measures of atherosclerosis or cardiac damage (e.g., coronary artery calcium and cardiac troponins) can further improve CVD prediction in the CKD population. Summary Future clinical guidelines may require updates regarding whether/how to incorporate CKD measures and other biomarkers in CVD prediction, depending on the CVD outcomes of interest, target population, and availability of those measures/biomarkers in that population.
Conditioned flavor preferences in animals: Merging pharmacology, brain sites and genetic variance

The elucidation of the behavioral, neurochemical, neuroanatomical and genetic substrates mediating the development of conditioned flavor preferences (CFP) is one of the multi-faceted scientific contributions that Dr. Anthony Sclafani has made to the study of food intake. This review summarizes the results of thirty-five publications over nearly twenty years of collaborations between the Sclafani and Bodnar laboratories. This includes the different approaches employed to study the orosensory (flavor-flavor) and post-ingestive (flavor-nutrient) processes underlying CFP including its acquisition (learning) and expression. It describes how CFP is elicited by different sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose) and fats (corn oil) in rats, and how strain-specific CFP effects can be observed through the use of inbred mouse strains to evaluate genetic variance. The roles of pharmacological substrates (dopamine, glutamate, opioids, acetylcholine, GABA, cannabinoids) mediating sugar- and fat-CFP acquisition and expression are elucidated. Finally, neuroanatomical sites of action (nucleus accumbens, amygdala, medial prefrontal and orbital frontal cortices, lateral hypothalamus) are evaluated at which dopamine signaling mediates acquisition and expression of different forms of CFP.
Orientation and Mobility Skills and Outcome Expectations as Predictors of Employment for Young Adults with Visual Impairments

IntroductionYouths with visual impairments attend post-secondary school at high rates, yet these individuals have low rates of employment. In this study, factors associated with post-school employm...
Collective action and globalization: Building and mobilizing labour power

Growing transnational economic competition has severely tested workers’ organizational vehicles for voice, from unions to social democratic parties. Workers have responded by experimenting with new...
Exploring the Next Urban Condition

AbstractUrban transportation within the United States is at a critical point. The automobile dictates our infrastructure, but there is a hunger for something else. Many mass transit solutions ignore the need to develop unique urban neighborhood identities. It seems time for a different approach. The Ohio State University’s Department of Design (Columbus, Ohio, USA) held a 16-week graduate studio in the spring of 2016 to explore this idea. The class deliverable was an immersive installation in a gallery space corresponding to the national Barnett Symposium “Planning Creative Cities” 11–13 May 2016 in Columbus, Ohio. The 6 diverse graduate design students and their professor explored social change in a metro area, realizing that sometimes the best spark for change can come from building the tools to change the conversation.
Coronary capillary blood flow in a rat model of congestive heart failure

In the present study, coronary capillary tortuosity was measured by applying Matrix Laboratory software to scanning electron microscope images of capillaries in a rat model of congestive heart fail...
Techniques and strategies employing engineered transcription factors

Abstract Programmable transcription factors have been instrumental in recent elucidations of developmental and regulatory pathways pertaining to biology and medicine. Programmable DNA-binding domains (DBDs) are cheap and relatively easy to use. Moreover, fusing transcriptional and epigenetic modulators to programmable DBDs can be done with ease. Recent improvements of these modulators have increased the efficacy and appeal of their biomedical applications. Screening and spatiotemporal control of genomic regulation using programmable DBDs have drastically improved the breadth and resolution of (epi)genomic knowledge. The widespread adoption of programmable DBDs for (epi)genomic investigations will lead to a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of diseases and other biological phenomena.
Numerical problems in coupling photon momentum (radiation pressure) to gas

Radiation pressure (RP; or photon momentum absorbed by gas) is important in a tremendous range of astrophysical systems. But we show the usual method for assigning absorbed photon momentum to gas in numerical radiation-hydrodynamics simulations (integrating over cell volumes or evaluating at cell centers) can severely under-estimate the RP force in the immediate vicinity around un-resolved (point/discrete) sources (and subsequently under-estimate its effects on bulk gas properties), unless photon mean-free-paths are highly-resolved in the fluid grid. The existence of this error is independent of the numerical radiation transfer (RT) method (even in exact ray-tracing/Monte-Carlo methods), because it depends on how the RT solution is interpolated back onto fluid elements. Brute-force convergence (resolving mean-free paths) is impossible in many cases (especially where UV/ionizing photons are involved). Instead, we show a 'face-integrated' method -- integrating and applying the momentum fluxes at interfaces between fluid elements -- better approximates the correct solution at all resolution levels. The 'fix' is simple and we provide example implementations for ray-tracing, Monte-Carlo, and moments RT methods in both grid and mesh-free fluid schemes. We consider an example of star formation in a molecular cloud with UV/ionizing RP. At state-of-the-art resolution, cell-integrated methods under-estimate the net effects of RP by an order of magnitude, leading (incorrectly) to the conclusion that RP is unimportant, while face-integrated methods predict strong self-regulation of star formation and cloud destruction via RP.
Dissociating Tissues into Cells and the Development of Hydra from Aggregated Cells

To dissociate hydra tissue into a suspension of viable cells, and to form from those cells aggregates of tissue that will develop into viable whole hydra.
Quality Control in the Publishing Process and Theoretical Foundations for Information Retrieval

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses quality control in the publishing process and theoretical foundations for information retrieval. Information retrieval is performed by retrospective document search systems such as MEDLARS or current awareness systems such as SDI. Relevance is a relation established by a judgment between system responses and the user-judge. Such judgments are often subjective, inconsistent, and restricted by the type of user, his purposes, his environment, the time, and the subject area. The first step taken by an editor on receiving a manuscript is to select referees. This is also the first time a relevance judgment is made. Of all the stages in the process of generating, controlling, and using documents, few are more responsible for subsequent difficulties in meeting the information needs of intended users than the refereeing process. For each manuscript submitted for publication to a particular journal, the editor must eventually decide whether to accept it.
Scaling up a one-health model of conservation through public health: experiences in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Abstract Background Endangered mountain gorillas are threatened by habitat destruction, wildlife poaching, and disease—factors exacerbated by high levels of human poverty and population growth rates in and around Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in Uganda. In 2003, Conservation Through Public Health (CTPH) was founded when fatal scabies skin disease outbreaks in Bwindi gorillas were traced to local communities who had inadequate access to basic health services. In 2007, CTPH implemented volunteer community-based family planning and later trained village health and conservation teams. These teams, using the one-health approach, promoted family planning, health, and conservation. The work resulted in a three-fold increase in family-planning users, reduced incidence of gorilla disease, and greater community support for conservation. Further, women become more involved in conservation and men become more involved in family planning. Here, we describe the scaling up of the one-health approach to protected areas in Africa. Methods In 2015, CTPH expanded the model of village health and conservation teams, sustained by village savings and loan associations, to a protected area with gorillas, at Mikeno and Mount Tshiabirimu sectors of Virunga National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and to a non-protected gorilla area in Bukwo, Kween, and Bulambuli Districts of Mount Elgon National Park, Uganda. Both areas have high poverty levels and human population densities. Staff from CTPH monitored the project; village health and conservation teams collected data at household level. Findings Between 2015 and 2017, 81 000 people from 13 000 households in 139 villages in five districts were reached by 163 village health and conservation teams. Teams established ten financially stable networks that had group livestock to generate income that was reinvested in Village Savings and Loan Associations. Some households had improved water sanitation and hygiene, and 1597 patients with scabies were referred to the nearest health centre, as were 35 people with tuberculosis and 1674 with malnutrition. There was also an uptake of family planning services, including: implants (571 people), the contraceptive pill (479), intrauterine devices (119), tubal ligation (163), and side-effects management (749). At Mount Elgon, 9652 homes planted trees. Contraceptives from the Ministry of Health in Uganda, were provided free of charge to 3829 people in Mount Elgon and 285 people in Virunga. Interpretation CTPH's one-health approach has promoted better family planning, population, health, and conservation in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Scaling up requires more resources and dedicated organisational, governmental, professional, and community collaborations. Funding Global Development Network Japanese Social Development Fund.
Optimization of an acoustic black hole vibration absorber at the end of a cantilever beam

Structures whose thickness follow a power law profile exhibit the “acoustic black hole” (ABH) effect and can be used for effective vibration reduction. However, it is difficult to know a priori what constitutes the best design. A new block matrix formulation of the transfer matrix method is developed for use in the optimization of an ABH vibration absorber at the end of a cantilever beam. Results indicate that introduction of the ABH significantly alters the dynamics of the beam, which must be considered in determining the optimal design for a given vibration reduction problem.Structures whose thickness follow a power law profile exhibit the “acoustic black hole” (ABH) effect and can be used for effective vibration reduction. However, it is difficult to know a priori what constitutes the best design. A new block matrix formulation of the transfer matrix method is developed for use in the optimization of an ABH vibration absorber at the end of a cantilever beam. Results indicate that introduction of the ABH significantly alters the dynamics of the beam, which must be considered in determining the optimal design for a given vibration reduction problem.
Modular and tunable biological feedback control using a de novo protein switch

De novo-designed proteins1-3 hold great promise as building blocks for synthetic circuits, and can complement the use of engineered variants of natural proteins4-7. One such designer protein-degronLOCKR, which is based on 'latching orthogonal cage-key proteins' (LOCKR) technology8-is a switch that degrades a protein of interest in vivo upon induction by a genetically encoded small peptide. Here we leverage the plug-and-play nature of degronLOCKR to implement feedback control of endogenous signalling pathways and synthetic gene circuits. We first generate synthetic negative and positive feedback in the yeast mating pathway by fusing degronLOCKR to endogenous signalling molecules, illustrating the ease with which this strategy can be used to rewire complex endogenous pathways. We next evaluate feedback control mediated by degronLOCKR on a synthetic gene circuit9, to quantify the feedback capabilities and operational range of the feedback control circuit. The designed nature of degronLOCKR proteins enables simple and rational modifications to tune feedback behaviour in both the synthetic circuit and the mating pathway. The ability to engineer feedback control into living cells represents an important milestone in achieving the full potential of synthetic biology10,11,12. More broadly, this work demonstrates the large and untapped potential of de novo design of proteins for generating tools that implement complex synthetic functionalities in cells for biotechnological and therapeutic applications.
Considering Risk in Infrastructure Internet of Things: Observations and Recommendations

This article explores the impact of the Internet of Things (IoT)-the emerging set of embedded sensors, actuators, controllers, and communications devices-on future utilities and infrastructures from the perspective of risk, reliability, and resilience. Given the need to safeguard public infrastructure, utility managers are typically well versed in managing risk; however, the IoT presents a new and fundamentally different component with a highly uncertain risk profile. These IoT systems will be densely deployed, highly integral, and likely autonomous in operation, meaning that they could directly affect the operational reliability of a utility. While much has been written about the IoT's potential to offer benefits and possibly harm future infrastructure, this article looks at the topic from the perspective of the utilities? risk and presents a set of observations and recommendations concerning utility deployment of the IoT. I highlight why utility and infrastructure operators should carefully consider risk as they incorporate this embedded, often autonomous networked technology into their systems.
Planar cell polarity signaling in the development of left-right asymmetry.

Abstract The planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway, principally understood from work in Drosophila, is now known to contribute to development in a broad swath of the animal kingdom, and its impairment leads to developmental malformations and diseases affecting humans. The ‘core’ mechanism underlying PCP signaling polarizes sheets of cells, aligning them in a head-to-tail fashion within the sheet. Cells use the resulting directional information to guide a wide variety of processes. One such process is lateralization, the determination of left–right asymmetry that guides the asymmetric morphology and placement of internal organs. Recent evidence extends the idea that PCP signaling underlies the earliest steps in lateralization and that PCP is invoked again during asymmetric morphogenesis of organs including the heart and gut.
Reducing uncertainties in satellite estimates of aerosol–cloud interactions over the subtropical ocean by integrating vertically resolved aerosol observations

Abstract. Satellite quantification of aerosol effects on clouds relies on aerosol optical depth (AOD) as a proxy for aerosol concentration or cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). However, the lack of error characterization of satellite-based results hampers their use for the evaluation and improvement of global climate models. We show that the use of AOD for assessing aerosol–cloud interactions (ACIs) is inadequate over vast oceanic areas in the subtropics. Instead, we postulate that a more physical approach that consists of matching vertically resolved aerosol data from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite at the cloud-layer height with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua cloud retrievals reduces uncertainties in satellite-based ACI estimates. Combined aerosol extinction coefficients ( σ) below cloud top ( σBC) from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) and cloud droplet number concentrations ( Nd ) from MODIS Aqua yield high correlations across a broad range of σBC values, with σBC quartile correlations ≥0.78 . In contrast, CALIOP-based AOD yields correlations with MODIS Nd of 0.54–0.62 for the two lower AOD quartiles. Moreover, σBC explains 41 % of the spatial variance in MODIS Nd , whereas AOD only explains 17 %, primarily caused by the lack of spatial covariability in the eastern Pacific. Compared with σBC , near-surface σ weakly correlates in space with MODIS Nd , accounting for a 16 % variance. It is concluded that the linear regression calculated from ln( Nd) –ln( σBC) (the standard method for quantifying ACIs) is more physically meaningful than that derived from the Nd –AOD pair.
Critical Success Factors and Enablers for Facility Design Standardization of Capital Projects

AbstractStandardization is a familiar concept today that helps organizations achieve higher value for money. However, the implementation of design standardization in the capital projects sector has...
How 360-Degree Video Influences Content Perceptions and Environmental Behavior: The Moderating Effect of Environmental Self-Efficacy:

Whereas the positive impact of 360-degree video on user experience has been demonstrated, its persuasive potentials have not been fully investigated. A lab experiment compared proenvironmental 360-...
Pediatric Feeding Disorder: A Nationwide Prevalence Study.

Objective To assess the prevalence of pediatric feeding disorder (PFD) in US children. Study design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of Medicaid Databases from Arizona (2009-2017) and Wisconsin (2005-2014) (public insurance databases) and The Truven Health Analytics MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database (2009-2015) (a nationwide private insurance database). Diagnoses and procedures were identified from inpatient and outpatient claims using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 and ICD-10 diagnostic codes and ICD and Current Procedural Terminology-4 procedure codes. Children with PFD were identified by presence of 1 or more PFD diagnosis and absence of any eating disorder diagnoses within a calendar year. Results We identified 126 002 and 367 256 children 5 years of age or younger with PFD with public and private insurance, respectively. Over a 5-year period (2009-2014) the prevalences of PFD in children with public insurance in Arizona and Wisconsin were 32.91 (95% CI, 32.61-33.20) and 34.73 (95% CI, 34.37-35.09) children per 1000 child-years, respectively. Similarly, the prevalence of PFD in private insurance carriers was 21.07 (95% CI, 21.00-21.14) children per 1000 child-years. The prevalence trends showed a significant linear increase in children within both insurance cohorts. In 2014, the annual prevalence of PFD was 1 in 23, 1 in 24, and 1 in 37 in children under 5 years in the publicly insured cohorts in Wisconsin, Arizona, and the privately insured cohort, respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of feeding disorders in the US rivals that of commonly diagnosed conditions such as eating disorders and autism.
Legal Internalism In Modern Histories of Copyright

Legal internal-ism refers to the internal point of view that professional participants in a legal practice develop towards it. It represents a behavioral phenomenon wherein such participants treat the domain of law (or a subset of it) as normative, epistemologically self-contained, and logically coherent on its own terms regardless of whether the law actually embodies those characteristics. Thus understood, legal internal-ism remains an important characteristic of all modern legal systems. In this Review Essay, we examine three recent interdisciplinary histories of copyright law to showcase the working of legal internal-ism. We argue that while their interdisciplinary emphasis adds to the conversation about copyright, it also overlooks the centrality of legal internal-ism in the evolution of copyright, a domain that has always been understood as a creation of the law. The Essay unpacks the core tenets of legal internal-ism, examines how it operates as an important variable of legal change, contrasts it with the idea of legal consciousness, and shows how legal internal-ism directs and regulates the entry of non-legal considerations into different areas of law.
A contextual lens to understanding substance use.

Urie Bronfenbrenner played an important role in illuminating the extent to which contextual factors influence individual behavior and outcomes. In that spirit, the articles in this issue reveal a h...
Hawking Radiation as a Possible Probe for the Interior Structure of Regular Black Holes

The notion of black hole singularity and the proof of the singularity theorem were considered great successes in classical general relativity whereas they meanwhile brought with deep puzzles. Conceptual challenges were set up by the intractability of the singularity. The existence of black hole horizons which cover up the black hole interior including the singularity from outside observers, builds an information curtain, further hindering physicists from understanding the nature of the singularity and the interior structure of black holes. The regular black hole is a concept produced out of multiple attempts of establishing a tractable and understandable interior structure for black holes as well as avoiding the singularity behind the black hole horizon. The practicality of the new constructions of black holes would be considered more reliable if there can be found some connection between the interior of regular black holes and some far-reaching signals released from the black hole. After studying the Hawking radiation by fermion tunnelling from one type of regular black hole, structure dependent results were obtained. The result being structure dependent hints the prospects of employing the Hawking radiation as a method to probe into the structure of black holes.
Controlling Porosity of Calcium Alginate Hydrogels by Interpenetrating Polyvinyl Alcohol–Diboronate Polymer Network

The high porosity of calcium alginate hydrogels was controlled by its treatment with polyvinyl alcohol followed by cross-linking with diboronic acids, which blocks larger pores in calcium alginate....
The Case Number Changes in Adult Heart Transplantation and Waitlist Addition Due to COVID-19

Purpose To understand the long term effect of COVID-19 on 1) heart transplant waitlist trends and on 2) heart transplant case numbers in the United States. Methods The number of new adult heart transplant waitlist additions and transplant procedures were obtained from the UNOS database. Our time frame includes the 52 weeks between September 3, 2019 and September 4, 2020. Temporal changes in waitlist additions and heart transplants were analyzed using interrupted time series analyses with two transition periods. The first transition from the pre-COVID to the post-COVID era was determined as the week of March 11, 2020, when the first state imposed stay-at-home orders. The second transition period was determined as the first state re-opening during the week of April 22, 2020. Results Weekly waitlist additions were decreasing at -0.19 additions per week (95% CI: -0.35 to -0.03, p=0.018) prior to the COVID-19 era, defined as before the week of March 11, 2020, with a significant decrease in weekly waitlist additions of -2.09 (95% CI: -2.44 to -1.73, p Weekly transplants were relatively unstable, although decreasing at -0.003 transplants per week (95% CI: -0.279 to 0.273, p=0.984) in the pre-COVID era, and were trending downward at -0.18 transplants per week (95% CI: -0.3702 to 0.0036, p=0.054) thereafter (Figure B). The number of transplants rebounded and increased significantly at 0.49 transplants per week (95% CI: 0.26 to 0.72, p Conclusion The number of heart transplants and waitlist additions decreased significantly due to COVID-19 and rebounded following the first US state reopening the week of April 22, 2020. Waitlist additions continue to rise past levels observed during the pre-COVID era.
Neuroanatomic Volume Differences in Tinnitus and Hearing Loss.

OBJECTIVES To investigate neuroanatomic volume differences in tinnitus and hearing loss. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS Sixteen regions of interest (ROIs) in adults (43 male, 29 female) were examined using 3Tesla structural magnetic resonance imaging in four cohorts: 1) tinnitus with moderate hearing loss (N = 31), 2) moderate hearing loss only (N = 15), 3) tinnitus with normal hearing (N = 17), and 4) normal hearing only (N = 13). ROI volumes were corrected for brain size, age, and sex variations. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and post hoc Tukey's test were used to isolate the effects of tinnitus and hearing loss on volume differences. Effect sizes were calculated as the fraction of total variance (η2 ) in ANCOVA models and percent of mean volume difference relative to mean total volume. RESULTS The four cohort ANCOVA revealed tinnitus and hearing loss cohorts to have increased volume in the corona radiata (η2 = 0.192; P = .0018) and decreased volume in the nucleus accumbens (η2 = 0.252; P < .0001), caudate nucleus (η2 = 0.188; P = .002), and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (η2 = 0.250; P = .0001). Tinnitus with normal hearing showed decreased volume in the nucleus accumbens (22.0%; P = .001) and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (18.1%; P = .002), and hearing loss only showed increased volume in the corona radiata (10.7%; P = .01) and decreased volume in the nucleus accumbens (22.1%; P = .001), caudate nucleus (16.1%; P = .004), and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (18.3%; P = .003). CONCLUSION Tinnitus and hearing loss have overlapping effects on neurovolumetric alterations, especially impacting the nucleus accumbens and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. Neurovolumetric studies on tinnitus or hearing loss can be more complete by accounting for those two clinical dimensions separately and jointly. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 131:1863-1868, 2021.
Scientific Productivity, Lotka’s Law, and STEM Librarianship

In this study, we examined the applicability of Lotka’s law by reviewing 590 STEM librarianship research articles published in seven journals between 2016 and 2019. Our analysis suggests that the f...
CHAPTER 6 – The Acceleration Processes of Aitken and Euler

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the acceleration processes of Aitken and Euler. There is a great variation in the speed of convergence of series or sequences. Some are too slowly convergent to be summed directly on the fastest computer. Various devices are available to transform a series or sequence into one that is more rapidly convergent. Some of the more famous that are studied are one by Euler, which is linear, and one by Aitken, which is nonlinear. But these must be used with care. The new series may converge more slowly than the original—this often happens if the old series is fairly rapidly convergent. In practice, one must not try to get too great an accuracy. The theory will apply if the terms have a certain behavior, and in practice this behavior will be destroyed by the changes, for example, by round-off errors in the calculators.
Licensing One of the World's Oldest Professions: Massage

In this paper, we analyze the development of occupational regulation of massage therapists (MTs) in the United States and the effects of state licensing and certification upon their earnings and numbers. Our results suggest that MTs working in states with licensing receive an earnings premium of as much as 16.2%. We also find some evidence that licensing seems to reduce MT numbers. We find less convincing evidence that certification has had similar effects. Taken together, we argue that our results suggest that licensing restricts entry at the expense of consumers and that its effects are less likely to be explained by other competing factors.
Water is the middle child in global climate policy

Improved management of water has been shown to have important benefits in both climate adaptation and mitigation. Water must be explicitly considered in climate policy, on par with its energy and land siblings.
Give me power (supplies) [Jack Dyer's Clinic]

Introducing construction projects (with attendant opportunities to learn) is to be one significant reason for this column’s existence. To repeat myself [1]: My notion is to provide interesting projects that can be completed by persons with limited experience in design and construction, and which can have utility in common I&M tasks. Editor-in-chief Wendy Van Moer suggested a simple power supply as the first project, and I thought that to be a wonderful idea. Every piece of (active) instrumentation (and all but the simplest piece of electronic equipment) needs a power supply. Further, anyone designing or testing equipment needs power supplies on her test bench. One can never have too many power supplies! And simple is good, especially if we want to involve anyone with the aforementioned limited experience in the fun. (Again, my hope is that any project—whatever it might be—might be a good enough reason for those having lesser experience and those having greater experience to become project partners.)
The formation of granules in the bronchiolar Clara cells of the rat: 1. Electron microscopy

A morphologic study of bronchiolar Clara cells used rat lungs fixed by vascular perfusion or by inflation through the airways. Clara cells contained membrane-limited granules which had a crystalline structure with an 80 A periodicity when fixed by perfusion. The crystalline structure was infrequently seen after inflation fixation. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum was highly developed in the apex of Clara cells and appeared to be a major site of formation of the characteristic granules. Some nascent granules were also seen in association with the Golgi apparatus. Perfusion fixation retained a bronchiolar lining layer which was denser than the alveolar lining layer in the same sections and which resembled the matrix of Clara cells in opacity. One explanation for the difference between the bronchiolar and alveolar linings may be that the bronchiolar lining is derived in part from the secretions of Clara cells. Images suggesting exocytosis, albeit infrequent, support this suggestion.
A Review of “Kitchen Table Youth Ministry: Inviting God to Dinner”

Kitchen Table Youth Ministry is ministry that invites conversation around the dinner table in ways that open young people to greater awareness of God's presence in their lives and at work in the wo...
Numerical solution of the scalar-wave equation for inhomogeneous cylindrical dielectric waveguides

An initial-value algorithm derived from the Ricatti transformation of the scalar-wave equation is used to find the eigenvalues of inhomogeneous cylindrical dielectric waveguides. The numerical accuracy of the technique is investigated for cladded parabolic and step-index cylindrical refractive-index profiles.
Spectral Ewald Acceleration of Stokesian Dynamics for polydisperse suspensions

In this work we develop the Spectral Ewald Accelerated Stokesian Dynamics (SEASD), a novel computational method for dynamic simulations of polydisperse colloidal suspensions with full hydrodynamic interactions. SEASD is based on the framework of Stokesian Dynamics (SD) with extension to compressible solvents, and uses the Spectral Ewald (SE) method Lindbo and Tornberg (2010) 29 for the wave-space mobility computation. To meet the performance requirement of dynamic simulations, we use Graphic Processing Units (GPU) to evaluate the suspension mobility, and achieve an order of magnitude speedup compared to a CPU implementation. For further speedup, we develop a novel far-field block-diagonal preconditioner to reduce the far-field evaluations in the iterative solver, and SEASD-nf, a polydisperse extension of the mean-field Brownian approximation of Banchio and Brady (2003) 39. We extensively discuss implementation and parameter selection strategies in SEASD, and demonstrate the spectral accuracy in the mobility evaluation and the overall O ( N log ? N ) computation scaling. We present three computational examples to further validate SEASD and SEASD-nf in monodisperse and bidisperse suspensions: the short-time transport properties, the equilibrium osmotic pressure and viscoelastic moduli, and the steady shear Brownian rheology. Our validation results show that the agreement between SEASD and SEASD-nf is satisfactory over a wide range of parameters, and also provide significant insight into the dynamics of polydisperse colloidal suspensions.
Early origins of polycystic ovary syndrome

The prenatally androgenised female rhesus monkey has become a model for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women, with early prenatal androgenisation entraining a permanent PCOS-like phenotype characterised by luteinising hormone (LH) hypersecretion due to reduced hypothalamic sensitivity to steroid negative feedback and relative insulin excess associated with increased abdominal adiposity. These combined reproductive and metabolic abnormalities occur in combination with ovarian hyperandrogenism and follicular arrest in adulthood, and with premature follicle differentiation and impaired embryo development during gonadotrophin therapy for in vitro fertilization (IVF). The ability of prenatal androgen excess in fetal rhesus monkeys to entrain multiple organ systems in utero provides evidence that the hormonal environment of intrauterine life programmes target tissue differentiation, raising the possibility that hyperandrogenism in human fetal development promotes PCOS in adulthood. This hypothesis developed in prenatally androgenised female rhesus monkeys, however, also must include data from clinical studies of PCOS to clarify the homology between human and non-human primates in intrafollicular steroidogenesis and its impact on oocyte developmental competency. By doing so, future studies promise to develop new clinical strategies that will lead to improved pregnancy outcome and reduced pregnancy loss in women with disorders of insulin action, including PCOS, obesity and diabetes mellitus.
Bromocryptine therapy in cases of amenorrhea-galactorrhea.

Abstract Of 28 patients presenting with amenorrhea-galactorrhea, pituitary tumors were confirmed in eigh. Six patients had occult hypothyroidism and the rest had an endocrine profile suggestive of pituitary tumor or of an idiopathic etiology. Treatment with bromocryptine resulted in suppression of the inappropriate lactation and restoration of regular menstrual function. In five cases, however, the galactorrhea was only diminished and in four of these cases, normal ovarian function did not return. Of the 19 patients that were seeking fertility and continued the medication for at least 20 days, nine pregnancies resulted. A similar response to bromocryptine was observed regardless of the underlying cause of the amenorrhea-galactorrhea.
Primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillators in women: More questions than answers.

10,000 women and 30,000 men between 2006 and 2009 is virtually comprehensive. Russo et al 17 found that compared with men, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for all complications (OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.26-1.53; P b .001), all cause 6-month readmission (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.16-1.28; P b .001), and 6-month heart failure hospitalization (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.23-1.42; P b .001) were statistically significantly higher in women even after adjusting for patient and procedural characteristics. In the case of mortality, the unadjusted OR was higher in women compared with men, but after adjustment for covariates, this difference was no longer statistically significant (1.08, 95% CI 0.98-1.20; P = .123). Heart failure hospitalizations are known to be associated with mortality in a Medicare heart failure population, so one might have expected mortality to be higher in the group with a greater odds of heart failure hospitalization—women. 18 However, the mortality curves appear to separate late suggesting that mortality differences may not materialize until more time has elapsed. When put in the context of other cardiovascular interventions, these findings are not surprising. Higher complication rates in women have been demonstrated in other cardiovascular interventions including percutaneous coronary intervention and atrial fibrillation ablation procedures. 19-21 Reasons for higher complication rates in women are not entirely clear, but Russo et al 17 provide some possible explanations. For one, anatomic differences could feasibly lead to higher complications in women: smaller vessels and a smaller heart with a thinner right ventricular wall could put women at higher risk for complications. Indeed, consistent with other investigations of complications in women, Peterson et al 15 found that women had higher rates of pneumothorax, hematoma, and cardiac tamponade compared with men. Perhaps, then, measures of size (eg, body mass index or body surface area) may explain part of the difference in complication rates, but these data are not reported in the analysis by Russo et al 17 . The cohort of women in the study by Russo et al 17 also had a greater proportion of New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III to IV heart failure compared with men (44.5% vs 35.9%, respectively) suggesting that women underwent ICD implantation at a later disease stage. Moreover, women were more likely to undergo implant during a cardiac hospitalization compared with men (15.2% vs 11.2%, respectively), and ICD implantation in this setting has been associated with worse outcomes. 22
Evaluation and prediction of the vertical situation from a horizontal situation display

This study was designed to provide additional information about the content, symbology, and format of a cockpit display of traffic information (CDTI). Several different symbols for other aircraft and different ways to display information about its status that pilots had preferred in an earlier survey based on static displays and pilot opinion were evaluated. In addition, different features of the vertical and horizontal situation of two aircraft (e.g. angular separation, relative altitude, difference in ground speed) were studied to determine the interaction between parameters of an encounter between two aircraft displayed on a simple dynamic CDTI and display symbologies on pilot perception of relative motion and separation.
SPECIFIC ASSOCIATIONS OF NEUROSECRETORY OR NEUROMODULATORY AXONS WITH INSECT SKELETAL MUSCLES

The general process of neuromodulation in the skeletal muscles of various insects is accomplished via several different structural forms. In addition to motor axons, which may contain a modulatory substance as a co-transmitter, a second class of axons is found in close association with insect skeletal muscles. These axons typically contain dense cored vesicles. Some come directly into contact with the sarcolemma, but do not form a typical neuromuscular junction. Others have finely distributed branches within the muscle but only directly contact glial cells of the motor nerve branches. Immunocytochemistry has shown that these nerve types contain one or more of several potential transmitters: glutamate, octopamine, serotonin, leucokinin, proctolin, or insulin. While some of these substances are known to modulate muscle fiber contractile abilities directly, or to affect the mechanisms of neuromuscular transmission, others can be hypothesized to be involved in development, respiration, and other undiscovered functions.
Circuit analysis method for thin-film solar cell modules

The design of a thin-film solar cell module is dependent on the probability of occurrence of pinhole shunt defects. Using known or assumed defect density data, dichotomous population statistics can be used to calculate the number of defects expected in a module. Probability theory is then used to assign the defective cells to individual strings in a selected series-parallel circuit design. Iterative numerical calculation is used to calcuate I-V curves using cell test values or assumed defective cell values as inputs. Good and shunted cell I-V curves are added to determine the module output power and I-V curve. Different levels of shunt resistance can be selected to model different defect levels.
Surface diffusion kinetics on amorphous silicon

Abstract We obtain parameters for self-diffusion on the amorphous silicon surface by reanalyzing kinetic data for the formation of hemispherical grained silicon (HSG) previously published by another laboratory [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A11 (1993) 2950]. Our mathematical model for individual HSG grain growth permits extraction of diffusivities for overall mass transport, and to our knowledge yields the first numbers for temperature-dependent self-diffusion on any amorphous surface. The activation energy for mass transfer diffusion is lower than that previously measured for crystalline Si(1 1 1).
Neurohypophyseal dysfunction following perinatal asphyxia

D i A B E T E S I N S I P I D U S of central origin in the newborn infant has been repor ted following group B beta hemolytic streptococcal men ing i t i s / in t ravent r icu lar hemorrhage, ~ Lisleria monocytogenes sepsis, and in t ravascular coagulopa thy? The syndrome of inappropr ia te secretion of ant idiuret ic h o r m o n e following asphyxia n e o n a t o r u m has been repor ted. ' We describe here the case of a new bor n infant with severe per inata l asphyxia who developed inappropr ia te secretion of A D H followed by neurogenic diabetes insipidus; the lat ter was successfully managed by increasing free water intake.
Carbamates, atropine, and diazepam: Effects on performance in the running rat

Abstract We have reported that when rats (500 g, male) are exercised to exhaustion on a treadmill, pretreatment with the centrally acting carbamate physostigmine reduced endurance (run time, RT) and increased the rate of rise of core temperature (Tc+). Both RT and Tc+ were restored to control levels by pretreatment with either or a combination of atropine (A), and diazepam (D). Our objective in the present work was to determine whether A+D could also restore the performance and thermoregulatory decrements induced by the peripherally acting carbamate pyridostigmine (PY). After drug administration, rats were run (11m/min, 6° elevation, Ta = 26°C) to exhaustion. PY treatment resulted in a reduced RT and an increased heat gain that neither A nor D alone (A+PY and D+PY) could restore to control levels. On the other hand, a combination of both A and D restored these variables to control levels. In conclusion, A+D can restore the performance and thermoregulatory decrements resulting from the administration of either a centrally or a peripherally acting carbamate.
Preliminary evidence for the involvement of budding bacteria in the origin of Alaskan placer gold

Lacelike networks of micrometre-size filiform gold associated with Alaskan placer gold particles are interpreted as low-temperature pseudomorphs of a Pedomicrobium -like budding bacterium. Submicron reproductive structures (hyphae) and other morphological features similar to those of Pedomicrobium manganicum occur as detailed three-dimensional facsimiles in high-purity gold in and on placer gold particles from Lillian Creek, Alaska. In a scanning electron microscope survey, the majority of gold particles at nine Alaskan placer deposits appear to include gold that has accumulated chemically at low temperatures in and on the cells of P . manganicum . Similar bacterioform gold from a Paleozoic deposit in China and from the Precambrian Witwatersrand deposit in South Africa may indicate that bacterioform gold is widespread.
Time-of-flight radio-frequency mass separator for continuous low-energy ion beams

Abstract A novel concept for a time-of-flight radio-frequency mass separator for low-energy beams is investigated. The concept is based on two sets of deflectors with sinusoidally-varying applied voltage and at least one Einzel lens. Results of analytical calculation and numerical simulation are presented and compared. Potential advantages of such a scheme include a resolving power similar to that of simple electromagnetic separators while at lower costs, as well as the possibility to incorporate the scheme relatively easily into existing electrostatic beam transport systems.