cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coastal Sediment Transport Modeling for Engineering Applications

AbstractAn effort has been made to improve quantitative understanding of beach morphology and stone structural damage progression and to develop a simple and robust model that is suited for engineering applications. The effort for the last 10 years has produced the cross-shore numerical model CSHORE, which is presently limited to the case of alongshore uniformity and uniform cohesionless sediment including sand, gravel, and stone. CSHORE consists of the following components: a combined wave and current model based on time-averaged continuity, cross-shore and longshore momentum, wave energy or action, and roller energy equations; a sediment transport model for suspended load and bed load; a permeable layer model to account for porous flow and energy dissipation; formulas for irregular wave run-up; a probabilistic model for an intermittently wet and dry zone on impermeable and permeable bottoms for the purpose of predicting wave overwash of a dune and armor layer damage progression, respectively; a drag for...
Experimental application of transmissibility operators to fault detection

This paper considers a technique for fault detection called sensor-to-sensor identification. Sensor-to-sensor identification takes advantage of freely available and unknown external (ambient) excitation to identify a sensor-to-sensor model (i.e., a transmissibility operator), which is independent of the excitation signal and the initial conditions of the underlying system. In the presence of unknown external excitation, the identified transmissibility operator is used to compute the sensor-to-sensor residual, which is the discrepancy between the predicted sensor output (based on the transmissibility operator) and the actual measurements. The sensor-to-sensor residuals are used to detect and diagnose faults in sensors and system dynamics. We consider an experimental setup consisting of a drum with two speakers and four microphones. Each speaker is an actuator, and each microphone is a sensor that measures the acoustic response at its location. Measurements from the four microphones are used to construct transmissibility operators, which in turn are used to detect changes in the dynamics of the drum by computing the resulting one-step residual.
Fuel Cells for Electric Utility Power Generation

Publisher Summary A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that continuously converts the chemical energy of a fuel to electrical energy. The essential difference between a fuel cell and a storage battery is the continuous nature of the fuel and oxidant supply. A fuel cell consists of two catalyzed carbon rods, immersed in an electrolyte and separated by a gas barrier. The fuel is bubbled across the surface of one electrode while the oxidant is bubbled across the other electrode. When the rods are electrically connected through an external load, the hydrogen dissociates on the catalytic surface of the fuel electrode, forming hydrogen ions and electrons. The hydrogen ions migrate through the electrolyte and separator to the catalytic surface of the oxygen electrode. Simultaneously, the electrons move through the external circuit to the oxygen electrode. The oxygen, hydrogen ions, and electrons combine at the oxygen electrode to form water. A fuel cell power, depending on its size, type, and sophistication, may require controls of varying complexity, an oxidant subsystem, and thermal and fluid management subsystems. This chapter focuses on fuel cells for electric utility power generation, which represents the most likely large-scale use of fuel cells.
Abstract A49: WAVE3 modulates sensitivity of TNBCs to chemotherapeutics by inhibiting the STAT-HIF-1α-mediated angiogenesis

Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; November 30-December 3, 2015; Austin, TX Chemoresistance allows for disease to recur and ultimately causes the death of most breast cancer patients. This scenario is particularly relevant in patients harboring triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumors for which there are no effective FDA-approved drugs. However, a recent study determined that TNBCs can be segregated into 6 genetically distinct subtypes that do in fact exhibit differential rates of pathological complete response (pCR) to standard-of-care chemotherapies. Of these, the mesenchymal and mesenchymal stem-like subtypes of TNBCs exhibit the lowest rates of pCR when treated with standard-of-care chemotherapies. WAVE3 is an actin-cytoskeleton remodeling protein, and recent studies have highlighted a potential role for WAVE3 in promoting tumor progression and metastasis in TNBC. However, whether WAVE3 activity is involved in the development of chemoresistance in TNBCs remains unclear. Here we show that loss of WAVE3 expression resensitizes human TNBC cells to doxorubicin and docetaxel, as measured by increased apoptosis and cell death. We also show that WAVE3 knockdown in the chemotherapy-treated TNBC cells results in inhibition of STAT1 phosphorylation, as well as a significant decrease in expression levels of its downstream effector HIF-1α. Since HIF-1α is a major activator of VEGF-A production, and therefore a stimulator of tumor angiogenesis, loss of HIF-1α in the WAVE3-knockdown cells resulted in the inhibition the chemotherapy-mediated VEGF-A secretion and the downstream activation of angiogenesis, a phenomenon that often accompanies chemoresistance. Our data identify a critical role of WAVE3 in sensitizing TNBC to chemotherapy by inhibiting the STAT1/HIF-1α/VEGF-A signaling axis, and support the possibility that WAVE3 inhibition may be a promising target for TNBC cancer therapy. Citation Format: Gangarao Davuluri, William P. Schiemann, Edward F. Plow, Khalid Sossey-Alaoui. WAVE3 modulates sensitivity of TNBCs to chemotherapeutics by inhibiting the STAT-HIF-1α-mediated angiogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr A49.
Vernaculars in the classroom: paradoxes, pedagogy, possibilities, by Shondel Nero and Dohra Ahmad

Vernaculars in the Classroom: Paradoxes, Pedagogy, Possibilities, by Shondel Nero and Dohra Ahmad, represents a unique instance of interdisciplinary research. The two authors, a linguist and a scho...
The Away Rotation

Orthopedic surgery is one of the most competitive residencies to enter. Most medical students perform audition away rotations as part of their application process. Published reports suggest Program Directors highly value away rotations performed at their institution, although do not impact the chances of matching at other programs. Despite no published requirements for away rotations, there are many reasons for their prevalence. These rotations may enable both programs and applicants the opportunity to learn more about one another than is possible in the traditional interview day and they may increase the likelihood of a “good fit” match. If when and where to perform an away rotation is therefore a personal decision of the applicant and should be based on research of different programs, likelihood of match outcome, and personal priorities for residency training.
In Vitro and In Vivo Synergistic Antitumor Activity of the Combination of BKM120 and Erlotinib in Head and Neck Cancer: Mechanism of Apoptosis and Resistance

We previously reported that the EGFR-targeted inhibitor erlotinib induces G1 arrest of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) cell lines without inducing significant apoptosis. Large-scale genomic studies suggest that >50% of SCCHN cases have activation of PI3K pathways. This study investigated whether cotargeting of EGFR and PI3K has synergistic antitumor effects and apoptosis induction. We examined growth suppression, apoptosis, and signaling pathway modulation resulting from single and combined targeting of EGFR and PI3K with erlotinib and BKM120, respectively, in a panel of SCCHN cell lines and a xenograft model of SCCHN. In a panel of 12 cell lines, single targeting of EGFR with erlotinib or PI3K with BKM120 suppressed cellular growth without inducing significant apoptosis. Cotargeting of EGFR and PI3K synergistically inhibited SCCHN cell line and xenograft tumor growth, but induced variable apoptosis; some lines were highly sensitive, others were resistant. Mechanistic studies revealed that the combination inhibited both axes of the mTORC1 (S6 and 4EBP1) pathway in apoptosis-sensitive cell lines along with translational inhibition of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1, but failed to inhibit p-4EBP1, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1 in an apoptosis-resistant cell line. siRNA-mediated knockdown of eIF4E inhibited Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 and sensitized this cell line to apoptosis. Our results strongly suggest that cotargeting of EGFR and PI3K is synergistic and induces apoptosis of SCCHN cell lines by inhibiting both axes of the AKT-mTOR pathway and translational regulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. These findings may guide the development of clinical trials using this combination of agents. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(4); 729-38. ©2017 AACR.
Understanding Attitudes of Adults Aging with Mobility Impairments toward Telepresence Robots

We explored the attitudes of older adults with mobility impairment towards using telepresence robots to understand their openness to adopting these technologies. Participants (n = 14) with self-reported mobility impairments completed questionnaires and an interview following demonstrative videos of two telepresence technologies (Kubi, Beam). In this paper, we present findings regarding participants' perceptions of the mobility functionality of telepresence robots. These results highlight design considerations that may make telepresence technologies more accepted by adults aging with mobility impairments.
Performance and kinematics of saltation in the limbless lizard Ophisaurus attenuatus (Squamata: Anguidae)

O salto foi observado em varias especies de serpentes e lagartos apodes. sendo mais utilizado como uma tatica de fuga durante encontros com predadores. Contudo, estudos examinando a cinematica e o desempenho em lagartos apodes sao escassos e limitados a observacoes de individuos isolados. Analisamos 34 sequencias de salto de oito individuos de Ophisaurus attenuatus que exibiram fuga aos saltos apos manipulacao minima. Verificamos que o salto e cinematicamente diferente do que foi descrito para serpentes e similar ao que foi descrito para um outro lagarto apode. Oito saltos resultaram na elevacao total do corpo do lagarto do substrato. Esses saltos foram caracterizados por maiores distâncias de deslocamento, mas foram similares em velocidade aos outros saltos. A massa corporea foi positivamente relacionada a velocidade, mas nao relacionada as distâncias do salto. Este estudo sugere que, em lagartos apodes, o aumento da capacidade de producao de forca relacionado ao aumento de massa interage com os efeitos restritivos da gravidade na determinacao do desempenho no salto
The Autobiography of Lincoln Steffens by Lincoln Steffens Berkeley, CA: Heyday Books/ Santa Clara University, 2006, 884 pp

(2006). The Autobiography of Lincoln Steffens by Lincoln Steffens Berkeley, CA: Heyday Books/ Santa Clara University, 2006, 884 pp. American Journalism: Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 128-129.
Voices and perspectives of rural Hispanic households on food insecurity in west Texas: a qualitative study

This qualitative study explored factors associated with causes of food insecurity including cultural factors and coping strategies among rural Hispanic population in west Texas. A sample of 20 part...
Comment on “Determination and Correlation of Dipyridamole p-Toluene Sulfonate Solubility in Seven Alcohol Solvents and Three Binary Solvents”

Errors are found in the authors published equation coefficients for the modified Apelblat equation. Back-calculated mole fraction solubilities based on the published equation coefficients differ significantly from the back-calculated values that the authors reported.
Comparison of Simulation-Based versus Live Tissue–Based Ocular Trauma Training on Novice Ophthalmologists: Repair of Marginal Eyelid Laceration Model

Introduction Simulation training in medical education provides the ability to teach valuable surgical skills in an environment free of risk to patients. Surgical simulation in ophthalmology continues to evolve as new technologies advance, though widespread use in ophthalmology outside of cataract surgery simulation is lacking. Here, we present a study into the efficacy of surgical simulation for eyelid laceration repair when compared with standard tissue-based instruction. Materials and Methods The study included 43 ophthalmology residents and 16 staff ophthalmologists from the Ocular Trauma Surgery Laboratory (OTSL) at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS). After initial evaluation on their ability to repair marginal eyelid lacerations on a porcine eye, residents were randomized to receive training in marginal eyelid repair technique from faculty preceptors using either traditional porcine tissue or the Ocular and Craniofacial Trauma Treatment Training System (Medical Device and Simulation Laboratory). They were then reevaluated after training. Participating staff also underwent initial evaluation, self-guided training, and post-training evaluation. Outcome measures included successful repair of laceration, number of sutures required to close a 10-mm wound, time required to repair, and the following graded on a scale of 1–4 (1—poor, 2—fair, 3—good, 4—excellent): tarsal plate reconstruction and margin approximation. Results Among residents, improved scores in marginal approximation were noted after training when comparing scores both within the simulator-trained group (pre-training score: 2.0, post-training score: 3.0; p = 0.03) and between the simulator (SIM) and live tissue (LIVE) groups (SIM: 3.0, LIVE: 2.0 p = 0.03). Neither residents nor staff demonstrated significant differences between SIM versus LIVE in other metrics evaluated. Response in a post-study survey was favorable to simulator training, with 79% noting the simulator was helpful in teaching skills, and 83% noting they would use the simulator again. Conclusion Simulator technology for teaching marginal eyelid laceration repair appears to be noninferior to traditional tissue-based instruction. Additionally, it appears to be superior when evaluating the ability to approximate the eyelid margin appropriately. Simulators are safe and ethical alternatives to tissue-based instruction, and are favorably received among trainees, and therefore warrant additional investigation and development for ophthalmic surgical training.
Faith, Hope, and Rationality or Public Choice and the Perils of Occam's Razor

In commenting on Steven Croley's article, this essay goes further to argue that public choice theory, if applied with logical rigor, is useless to administrative law scholars who seek to identify structures and processes that will enhance the likelihood of good regulatory outcomes and diminish the probability of bad ones. If one is completely faithful to public-choice premises, the only acceptable remedial strategy is universal, radical deregulation. The first principle of self-interested motivation is universal and inexorable. No one (not even legal academics and other scholars) can be trusted to transcend it, whether for the purpose of constructing, or of operating, public-regarding institutions. For this reason, most legal scholars who use public choice theory to suggest improvements to administrative government are invoking public choice principles selectively and incompletely - but without acknowledging this partiality or attempting to justify the points at which they abandon the first principle of self-interested motivation. This essay argues that such analyses ("public choice lite") are dangerously prone to three sorts of errors: conflating fallibility and corruption; confusing causation and opportunism; and grasping simplistic solutions in a complex world. In Greed, Chaos, & Government, Jerry Mashaw identifies an essential goal of contemporary administrative law scholarship: "The idea is to attempt to grasp some middle way between a naive faith in the public interest and a cynical campaign to eliminate collective action wherever it rears its ugly head." There are certainly components of positive political theory that can be severed from public choice's premise of universal self-interest, and applied regardless of assumptions about human motivation. These components may be precisely the sorts of things that ought to be scavenged by administrative law scholars. But, the failure rigorously to distinguish predictions about behavioral patterns and organizational dynamics that function regardless of a particular motivational assumption from propositions that depend on the premise of self-interest as the universal motivator, leads to errors that can compromise the effectiveness of scholarly analyses. This essay concludes that administrative law will not find the "middle way" between naivete and nihilism until we undertake to construct a self-consciously post-public choice theory.
Mesic Temperate Deciduous Forest Phenology

Deciduous forests in temperate climates are characterized by significant seasonal changes in ecological and biogeochemical processes that are directly linked to forest phenology. The timing of spring leaf emergence and autumn leaf senescence is heavily determined by weather and climate, and these phenological events influence the seasonal cycles of water, energy, and carbon fluxes. In addition to its role in ecological interactions and in regulating ecosystem processes, deciduous forest phenology has also been shown to be a robust indicator of the biological impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems. With an emphasis on spring leaf emergence and autumn leaf senescence, this chapter highlights the phenology of canopy trees in mesic temperate deciduous forests by describing the climate of these forests, environmental drivers of phenology, feedback of phenology on lower atmospheric processes, impacts of climate change on phenology, and future research directions.
Applications of alternative problems

Solution to equations in function space relating linear operator defined in subspace of Banach space and linear or nonlinear operator
Tiered Spectrum Measurement Markets for Licensed Secondary Spectrum

The recent framework for tiered spectrum sharing in the 3.5 GHz band allows for environmental sensing capability (ESC) operators to measure spectrum occupancy so as to enable commercial use of this spectrum when incumbent users are not present. Motivated by this, we consider a scenario in which two spectrum access (SA) firms seek to access a spectrum band for secondary access and must in turn purchase spectrum measurements from one of the two ESCs. Each SA has an exclusive licensed access to a spectrum band. Given the purchased measurements, the SAs compete on price to serve customers. We study how the ESCs’ cost of obtaining the spectrum measurement, the ESC’s prices, and the quality of the spectrum measurements impact the resulting market equilibrium between the SAs. In particular, we show that when the ESCs offer different qualities, the only equilibria that can exist are when both SAs purchase measurements from the same ESC.
Significant publications on infectious diseases pharmacotherapy in 2010

Purpose Important articles on topics pertinent to infectious diseases (ID) pharmacotherapy published in prominent peer-reviewed journals in 2010 are summarized. Summary At the end of 2010, pharmacists, physicians, and researchers in the Houston Infectious Diseases Network were asked to nominate articles published from January through December 2010 that they perceived as having a significant impact in the field of ID pharmacotherapy. The resulting list, comprising 27 articles relating to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 52 articles on a broad range of other ID-related topics, was sent to members of the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP) for evaluation via an Internet survey. The survey participants were asked to select from the list 10 articles unrelated to HIV or AIDS and 1 HIV- or AIDS-related article that in their view had the most significant impact in the field. Of the 380 SIDP members surveyed, 105 (27.6%) ranked the non-HIV-related papers and 45 (11.8%) ranked the HIV-related papers. The 11 highest-ranked publications—including 2 articles presenting updated practice guidelines—are summarized here. Conclusion Due to the increasing number of articles published each year, it is difficult to maintain a current knowledge of significant publications in the field of ID pharmacotherapy. This review of key publications in 2010 may be helpful to the nonspecialist clinician by lessening this burden.
Helping not hurting: applying the stereotype content model and BIAS map to social robotics

This paper examines relationships between perceptions of warmth and competence, emotional responses, and behavioral tendencies in the context of social robots. Participants answered questions about these three aspects of impression formation after viewing an image of one of 342 social robots in the Stanford Social Robots Database. Results suggest that people have similar emotional and behavioral reactions to robots as they have to humans; impressions of the robots' warmth and competence predicted specific emotional responses (admiration, envy, contempt, pity) and those emotional responses predicted distinct behavioral tendencies (active facilitation, active harm, passive facilitation, passive harm). However, the predicted relationships between impressions and harmful behavioral tendencies were absent. This novel asymmetry for perceptions and intentions towards robots is deliberated in the context of the computers as social actors framework and opportunities for further research are discussed.
Contemporary Use of Embolic Protection Devices During Saphenous Vein Graft Intervention

Background: Guidelines recommend use of embolic protection devices during percutaneous coronary intervention of saphenous vein grafts, but the use of these devices in contemporary practice is uncle...
Which Phish Is on the Hook? Phishing Vulnerability for Older Versus Younger Adults.

ObjectiveTo determine if there are age-related differences in phishing vulnerability and if those differences exist under various task conditions (e.g., framing and time pressure).BackgroundPreviou...
The Internet of Things Cybersecurity Challenge to Trade and Investment: Trust and Verify?

This paper describes the problem of cybersecurity-based concerns regarding trade in IoT goods, and investment in manufacturing or distribution facilities for IoT goods, analyzes the applicable international law that would constrain national cybersecurity-based import or investment restrictions, and evaluates the availability of security or other exceptions to permit these defensive measures. Based on the defensive needs, and the legal constraints, it suggests some of the characteristics of a cooperative regulatory regime that can foster international trust or verification to allow trade and foreign investment in relation to IoT goods. Trade and investment in low risk consumer IoT products, such as household objects, will be manageable along traditional lines of other product standards, regulated by existing treaties such as the GATT and TBT Agreement to assure national treatment, MFN treatment, proportionality, and due respect for international standards. With respect to high risk industrial, infrastructural, medical or transportation IoT products, the path to liberal trade and investment is less clear, and will depend on the technical ability to surveil and confirm the safety of IoT products. It will be difficult to rely on trusted suppliers, whether on the basis of nationality or territoriality, because of the complexity of production and the magnitude of risk. States will restrict imports and investment in connection with high risk IoT products under security exceptions in trade and investment law, although the specific language of those exceptions do not necessarily support such restrictions. In some circumstances, restrictions will be based on protectionism or geoeconomic considerations, rather than cybersecurity per se. In order to avoid inefficient restriction, states will find it useful to identify means to verify security of high risk IoT products, as well as to establish trust in producers of high risk IoT products, and on the basis of sufficient combinations of verification and trust, to relax their use of security exceptions.
Thinking Queer About the Space of School Safety: Violence and Dis/Placement of LGBTQ Youth of Color

This chapter seeks to critically analyze contemporary discourses of queer pedagogy linked to issues of violence, safe space, and school safety. Informed by transnational theorizing and Black feminist queer praxis, I question how issues of neocolonial knowledge production might be at work in the contemporary framing of issues of violence, sexuality, and education for the nation. I argue that the contemporary rhetorical emphasis on providing “safe space” may reproduce epistemological bias by foregrounding the material realities of white, middle-class youth with documented citizenship in conceptualizing violence, safety, schooling, and education. A crucial component of a transnational Black feminist queer praxis, then, involves a rethinking of the imagery of “safe space” used in social justice educational reform efforts. Specifically, I argue for a more generative metaphor of “camp” in order to foreground the politicized yet playful nature of the classroom, school, and education more broadly. The chapter concludes with a discussion of how some queer and trans youth engage in practices of gender justice and activism as a form of queer pedagogy.
Kinetics and Thermodynamics of the Interaction of Proteinases with Protein Inhibitors

This presentation bears a striking resemblance to the one given at the First International Research Conference on Proteinase Inhibitors [1]. It appears that the development of an adequate mechanism for the enzyme-inhibitor interaction and of convenient techniques for obtaining values of the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters appearing in this mechanism will be a slow, ongoing process. However, as the rough details of the mechanism are understood it becomes possible to see more clearly that many protein proteinase inhibitors interact with proteinases by a very closely similar mechanism. This is most dramatically illustrated by the X-ray crystallographic studies which show that the stable complex of trypsin with two very different inhibitors involves virtually identical interactions. This similarity in main aspects of the interactions offers an opportunity for interpreting some of the observed differences between inhibitors in detailed molecular terms. A small beginning is made in this paper.
Visual and verbal working memory loads interfere with scene-viewing

Working memory is thought to be divided into distinct visual and verbal subsystems. Studies of visual working memory frequently use verbal working memory tasks as control conditions and/or use articulatory suppression to ensure that visual load is not transferred to verbal working memory. Using these verbal tasks relies on the assumption that the verbal working memory load will not interfere with the same processes as visual working memory. In the present study, participants maintained a visual or verbal working memory load as they simultaneously viewed scenes while their eye movements were recorded. Because eye movements and visual working memory are closely linked, we anticipated the visual load would interfere with scene-viewing (and vice versa), while the verbal load would not. Surprisingly, both visual and verbal memory loads interfered with scene-viewing behavior, while eye movements during scene-viewing did not significantly interfere with performance on either memory task. These results suggest that a verbal working memory load can interfere with eye movements in a visual task.
Resisting Covert Persuasion in Digital News: Comparing Inoculation and Reactance in the Processing of Native Advertising Disclosures and in Article Engagement Intentions:

An online experiment (N = 931) assessing recognition of and responses to native advertising sought to explore how disclosures affect behavioral intent in digital news contexts. Findings suggest tha...
The role of acupuncture during the COVID-19 pandemic: From the historical perspective to practical application

Acupuncture has valuable therapeutic effects on combating pestilence based on ancient literature and practical experiences acquired during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Inner Classic of Nei Jing ...
Blood Pressure Regulation by Sodium Intake and Behavioral Stress

Several studies have shown that acute pressor responses evoked by “mental stress” tend to be of greater magnitude in hypertensive patients and their offspring than in normotensive controls (Engel and Bickford 1962; Nestel 1969; Light and Obrist 1980; Eliasson et al. 1983). On the basis of these observations, it has sometimes been suggested that cardiovascular hyperreactivity is genetic in origin and that it precedes the development of chronic hypertension. One theory is that sympathetically mediated pressor responses to behavioral interactions lead to chronic elevation of total peripheral resistance and hypertension in individuals who exhibit this trait of cardiovascular hyperreactivity. Indirect support for this view can be found in studies of genetic hypertension in rodents. For example, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) are “hyperreactive” to acute environmental stimulation and show attenuated development of high blood pressure if they are reared in protected environments (Lais et al. 1974) or if their sympathetic nervous system function is impaired (Folkow and Hallback 1977).
Chipotle: Capital Structure Decision

This short fictional case describes two very different patients, each waiting to see a new doctor. It includes questions about patient needs in terms of health care, technology, and electronic medical records. Excerpt UVA-OM-1674 Nov. 30, 2020 The Electronic Medical Record: Whom Does It Serve? Edith Johnson Edith Johnson, age 80, was in frail health. Her husband of 57 years had passed away the prior spring, and she had not fared well since then. She had a long history of heart disease, complicated by diabetes. Over the past 30 years, she had undergone several cardiac operations, including a mitral valve replacement in the 1990s. Last fall, she had an aortic valve replacement, which was done using the new transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) technique. She lived in the Cleveland, Ohio, area, and her procedures had been done at Metro Health and, most recently, at the Cleveland Clinic. She was in the office of a new provider today, due to the retirement of her previous doctor, Dr. Jones, whom she had seen for 50 years. Her main problems were loss of appetite, inability to sleep, and feelings of hopelessness. She had also had some abdominal pain and blood in her stools, and she was very afraid that the new doctor was going to put her back in the hospital. She had not recovered from the trauma of her late husband's two-month stay in the hospital before his death. She sat quietly in the room waiting for her new doctor; was he going to be engaging like Jones, or would she only see his back as he sat at the computer? Courtney Fleming . . .
Aggregations of Madtoms and Darters in the Clinch River, Tennessee

A paucity of observations of winter aggregations have been reported, only in <20% of madtom species, but the behavior is potentially more prevalent. Aggregation behavior may produce benefits such as defense and mate selection, whereas costs include competition and temporal bottlenecks, which can be a risk for imperiled species. We quantified aggregations (measured as an increase in quadrat densities) of Noturus eleutherus (Mountain Madtom) and Noturus stanauli (Pygmy Madtom), and also of the comparative species Nothonotus denoncourti (Golden Darter) and Nothonotus rufilineatum (Redline Darter), leading up to winter during July, September, and November 2017. We observed increasing numbers during each month for all species except during September for the Pygmy Madtom. Understanding grouping behavior of imperiled species and the potential risks of temporal bottlenecks may help inform future conservation planning and management decisions.
Interpreting with Foucault

This chapter elaborates how Michel Foucault’s insights help us study civil society. Foucault’s legacy is an invaluable source for analyzing civil society; he has left a remarkable influence on interpretive theory. His insights inspire post-structuralism, governmentality studies, cultural studies, and decentered theory of governance. These theories suggest alternative approaches to mainstream social sciences for the analysis of social and political phenomena. Such analyses often loosen the strictures of disciplinary boundaries in social science. They combine philosophical reflection and historical inquiry. They concentrate on unearthing the complex, messy and radically contingent relations among people and relations between the individuals, groups and the state. This chapter focuses on how Foucault’s legacy can cast light on our understanding of civil society and how social scientists can conduct an alternative political analysis. To that end, the chapter examines how the interplay between knowledge and power affect civil society discourse.
John P Peters (1887-1955): McCarthyism and the Unfinished Revision of Quantitative Clinical Chemistry.

John P Peters is considered one of the founders of modern clinical chemistry. In more than 200 research articles, he brought clinical biochemistry to the bedside, advancing the use of laboratory medicine in diagnosis and disease management. His two-volume landmark textbook Quantitative Clinical Chemistry, coauthored with Donald Dexter van Slyke (1883–1971) and released in 1931–1932, defined clinical chemistry as a distinct professional discipline within medicine. A three-volume revision was begun in 1937. Peters took on the task of revising Volumes I and II but never finished Volume II. His outspoken public advocacy for social reform, world peace, and universal health care made him a target in the era of McCarthyism. Three times between 1949 and 1953 he was brought before the Loyalty Review Board with charges of being a communist and a sympathetic supporter of subversive organizations. According to his family, the turmoil of the McCarthyism persecution shortened his life and prevented him from completing ...
Identification of genes involved in cisplatin resistance by functional cloning from a retroviral cDNA library

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 1480 Based on analyses of cDNA microarrays and protein power-blots, our laboratory and others demonstrated that a number of genes showed altered expression during development of cisplatin resistance (CP-r) in human cancer cells, including genes associated with DNA damage-repair, proto-oncogenes, apoptosis, stress-response, and transcription factors, etc. To verify these results and find genes that are directly responsible for CP-r, as opposed to reflecting a secondary response induced by cisplatin treatment, we constructed a retroviral cDNA library in the vector pLNCX2 from KB-CP.5 (KCP.5), a cell line selected in one step after expose to cisplatin at 0.5 ug/ml. Using a large library of cDNAs (1.8x 106 cDNAs), and a programmed (intermittent) cisplatin selection system to allow more effective functional cloning, eleven expressed cDNAs were associated with CP-r in a primary pool of near 105 transfected cell clones. Interestingly, a metallothionein and a heat shock protein were among these 11 genes found in the transfectants after CP selection, indicating that the application of our retroviral cDNA KCP.5/pLNCX2 library and programmed CP selection are effective for functionally cloning genes able to confer CP-r. In addition, several other genes, including those encoding ribosomal proteins were also found in the CP-selected clones and are being further characterized.
Plant evolution dances to a different beat

Land plants have origination rates comparable to those of some animal groups, but the driving forces for evolution of plants differ. Floral transformations have been due to gradual replacement and piecemeal, not mass extinction. Plant “geoevents”; have not been synchronous with epochal animal originations/ extinctions and hence may not be attributable to the same causes. Initiation of new plant forms probably results primarily from intrinsic genetic factors. Plant taxa are much less subject to extrinsic factors than are comparable animal groups. Plants evolve related forms adapted to very different environments; hybridity and polyploidy produce variants with different qualities in some organs. Mosaic evolution is thus characteristic of plants. Heterochrony has probably permitted rapid shifts in timing of ontogeny to produce new life‐forms. Vegetative reproduction and persistence, indeterminate growth, potential long dormancy of propagules, comparative freedom from demands of population size, and comparati...
Advertising in ophthalmology. I. Advertising is a threat to professional autonomy.

Abstract In 1977 the United States Supreme Court ruled that medicine was legally a “trade” and that physicians could not be prohibited from advertising. Since then the ethics and effects of advertising by ophthalmologists have been a source of controversy among ophthalmologists and within professional organizations. What are the effects of advertising on the patient? On the professional image and autonomy of ophthalmologists? These questions are explored in separate statements by authors with differing viewpoints, and summarized in an editorial comment.
Sustainable Development or Integrated Rural Tourism? Considering the Overlap in Rural Development Strategies

U.S. Rural development has been influenced by numerous philosophies and varies significantly by locality. As rural economies have restructured, communities have struggled to evolve and adapt their images and economies in order to survive. One approach embraced by communities is Sustainable Development. While the intricacies of sustainability and ability of communities to fully embrace sustainable development have been widely debated, communities have nonetheless sought to operationalize the concept to enhance their development prospects. More recently the concept of Integrated Rural Tourism has been promoted as a means of facilitating more holistic rural development, incorporating cultural, economic, and environmental considerations at the local scale. This paper utilizes interviews with local community members to review the process by which one upper-Midwestern community adopted and implemented sustainable development questioning whether the outcome is more reflective of an integrated rural tourism approach and seeking to better understand the conceptual and applied overlap between these two models of rural development. Keywords: Bayfield, sustainability, integrated rural tourism, rural development
Critical slowing down and off-resonant enhancement of avalanche nonlinearities

We report two-beam coupling measurements of temporal response and intensity-dependent index changes in the avalanche crystal LiYF/sub 4/:Tm(3+). Surprisingly, the induced nonlinear response on the excited state resonance is dominated by a real portion arising from a non-resonant ground state transition. Critical slowing down of excited state dynamics is also predicted and observed.
Evidence for transsynaptic regulation of calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase in cerebellar Purkinje cells

Calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase (CaM-PDE) is selectively expressed in specific neuronal populations in adult rat brain. In cerebellar cortex, it is expressed at high levels in Purkinje cells (soma and dendrites). Climbing fiber ablation by intraperitoneal injections of 3-acetylpyridine resulted in a selective depression of cerebellar CaM-PDE expression using Western immunoblot procedures; neither calcineurin (calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase) nor other calmodulin binding proteins, detected by biotinylated calmodulin overlays, were affected. Immunocytochemical staining of cerebellum revealed a loss of detectable CaM-PDE immunoreactivity in Purkinje cells, with no appreciable change in calcineurin immunoreactivity. Cerebral cortex was examined as a control for a direct effect of 3- acetylpyridine on CaM-PDE expression, independent of climbing fiber deafferentation. There were no detectable changes in CaM-PDE or calcineurin immunoreactivity in cortical pyramidal cells, and no changes were detected, either in Western blot analyses for CaM-PDE or calcineurin or in biotinylated calmodulin overlays. These data suggest that CaM-PDE expression in Purkinje cells is regulated transsynaptically by climbing fiber inputs.
Reactive aggression and suicide: Theory and evidence

Abstract Aggression confers risk for suicide. However, “aggression” is a heterogeneous construct, and it is likely that subgroups of individuals with particular types of aggression are at higher risk. We postulate that a subtype of aggression, reactive aggression, underlies the link with suicide with implications for suicide risk-recognition and prevention. The theoretical rationale and empirical evidence for the role of reactive aggression in suicide is presented from the perspectives of neurobiology, psychopathology, and overt violent behavior. It is hypothesized that partner–relationship disruptions amplify risk for suicide in the near term among reactive aggressive individuals, particularly those with psychiatric disorders, and preliminary evidence in support of this hypothesis is reviewed. We also discuss being jailed as a potential precipitant of suicide in reactive aggressive individuals. Recommendations are made to advance the study of reactive aggression and suicide, including methodological innovations and a greater focus on research of women and older adults.
Effect of Choline Deficiency on Lung Phospholipid Concentrations in the Rat

Lung surfactant and nonsurfactant phospholipid concentrations were analyzed in relation to choline status in male rats fed a choline-deficient (CD) or choline-supplemented (CS) diet over an 8-d period. On the first day plasma choline concentrations were significantly lower (11.5 +/- 0.9 micron) in rats fed the CD diet than in those fed the CS diet (16.1 +/- 1.2 microM). This relationship continued for the duration of the study. Hepatic phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine (PC/PE) ratios were significantly lower after d 1 of the CD diet, further decreased on d 2 (1.09 +/- 0.04) and remained low through d 8. Only on d 4 were lung surfactant PC and total phospholipid concentrations lower in rats fed the CD diet than in those fed the CS diet. The composition of surfactant, determined by the ratio of PC to total phospholipids, did not change. On both d 4 and d 8 the PC/PE ratios in the nonsurfactant fraction were lower in rats fed the CD diet than in those fed the CS diet. This shift in PC/PE ratio in the lung is similar to the PC/PE shift in the liver associated with dietary choline deficiency. The altered lung phospholipid concentrations in the nonsurfactant (residual) fraction on d 4 and d 8 suggest an adaptation in the lung's phospholipid metabolism to replenish the physiologically essential surfactant PC.
Test-Tube Extraction Method for the Micro-Determination of Urinary 17-Ketosteroids

A rapid, simple, reproducible, test-tube extraction technic requiring less than 90 minutes for the micro-determination of urinary 17-ketosteroids has been presented. Experimental data indicate that the extraction technic may be applied to the Pincus, Zimmermann, or Cohen-Kaluszyner colorimetric methods.
Induction and Prevention of Apoptosis in Human HEp-2 Cells by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

Cultured human epithelial cells infected with an ICP27 deletion strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) show characteristic features of apoptotic cells including cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation, and DNA fragmentation. These cells do not show such apoptotic features when infected with a wild-type virus unless the infections are performed in the presence of a protein synthesis inhibitor. Thus, both types of virus induce apoptosis, but the ICP27-null virus is unable to prevent this process from killing the cells. In this report, we show that this ICP27-deficient virus induced apoptosis in human HEp-2 cells through a pathway which involved the activation of caspase-3 and the processing of the death substrates DNA fragmentation factor and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. The induction of apoptosis by wild-type HSV-1 occurred prior to 6 h postinfection (hpi), and de novo viral protein synthesis was not required to induce the process. The ability of the virus to inhibit apoptosis was shown to be effective between 3 to 6 hpi. Wild-type HSV-1 infection was also able to block the apoptosis induced in cells by the addition of cycloheximide, staurosporine, and sorbitol. While U(S)3- and ICP22-deficient viruses showed a partial prevention of apoptosis, deletion of either the U(L)13 or vhs gene products did not affect the ability of HSV-1 to prevent apoptosis in infected cells. Finally, we demonstrate that in UV-inactivated viruses, viral binding and entry were not sufficient to induce apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that either gene expression or another RNA metabolic event likely plays a role in the induction of apoptosis in HSV-1-infected human cells.
Darwinizing Culture: The Status of Memetics as a Science

Darwinizing Culture: The Status of Memetics as. Science. Robert Aunger. ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.242 pp.
Psychosocial determinants of intention to screen for Alzheimer's disease

Abstract Background There is little information about how receptive older adults are to discuss memory problems with healthcare providers. Here we test the psychosocial factors explaining older adults' intention to undergo screening for Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods A population-based, random-digit dialing strategy surveyed 1,039 older adults. The Behavioral Model of Health Services Use was used as a conceptual framework for a questionnaire testing constructs from several behavioral theories. Structural equation modeling assessed the relationship of latent variables to each construct with goodness-of-fit indices. Results The study had an 82% response rate and 72% completer rate. The respondents' mean age was 62.7 ± 10.2 years (range, 50 to 97 years). The sample was 67% women, 86% were white, and less than 40% had personal experience with AD. Respondents were nondemented (Short Blessed scores, 1.7 ± 2.2). Predictors of intention to screen included perceived benefits (γ = .35), knowledge of dementia (γ = .26), self-efficacy (γ = .23), preventive health behaviors (γ = .17), and perceived susceptibility (γ = .14). Knowledge was positively correlated with perceived benefits (φ = .29) and susceptibility (φ = .20). Preventive behaviors (φ = .20) were positively correlated with perceived benefits. Self-efficacy correlated positively with preventive behaviors (φ = .24) and perceived benefits (φ = .37) and negatively with perceived susceptibility (φ = −.11). Goodness-of-fit indices suggested a good fit of this model (root mean square error of approximation, .037; comparative fit index, 0.98; relative fit index; .96). Discussion Older adults who have knowledge of dementia and perceive benefit from diagnosis and treatment are more likely to exhibit willingness and confidence to be tested for cognitive problems. Individuals with high self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility, and positive preventive health behaviors are also more likely to exhibit intention. These constructs can now be used to develop interventions to evaluate cognitive health in the elderly.