cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How Can Social Workers Improve Outcomes and Costs in Disease Management

Disease management relies on a team approach to chronic diseases for which good treatment regimens are known and national data are available. Limitations of and opportunities for disease management programs are explored and a case is presented that the inclusion of social work can enhance the performance, outcomes, and cost-benefits of disease management teams. Social workers can attend to depression, other mental health issues, resources, family support, and communication, when other team members may be less able to do so. Social workers are particularly well suited to help patients have voice in their treatment, and to participate actively as decision makers in their own care. Preliminary data show that inclusion of social workers in disease management programs enhances patient outcomes and cost benefits.
Metacognitive Judgments in a Simulated Luggage Screening Task

A pair of experiments examined the accuracy and potential role of predictive metacognitive judgments in a simulated baggage screening task. Procedure was modeled after the ease-of-learning task (Underwood, 1966). Subjects searched for knives hidden in x-ray images of passenger bags. Before performing the search task, subjects viewed each stimulus without the embedded target and rated the likelihood of finding the target if it was hidden in that image. Experiment 1 used a 2IFC search task. Experiment 2 used a speeded yes-no search procedure. Results suggest that predictive metacognitive judgments are only modestly accurate, but that the information on which such judgments are based is nonetheless used to regulate search behavior
The Medicalization of Homelessness and the Theater of Repression

As a result of changes in the economy and attendant government policy decisions, the United States is experiencing a crisis in homelessness unprecedented since the Great Depression. While some homeless people are mentally disabled, the majority are not—they are homeless because they lack sufficiently well-paying jobs and because of a lack of adequate, affordable housing. This article examines how, during the 1980s, the New York City government publicly and politically linked homelessness with mental illness, a linkage frequently reinforced by the press. This medicalization was used to divert attention from the socioeconomic roots of the problem and to justify the removal of homeless people from public spaces. The author examines changes in government policies and responses of activists, the public, and the press in several different phases over the decade.
Multinomial acceptance sampling

Careless manufacture or assembly will yield an incidence of unsatisfactory output, the percentage of which will drop very rapidly when greater precautions are taken, but will not result in a perfect performance level, and indeed as that ideal is approached, the effort expense required to ensure higher quality rises inordinately for each small gain in quality. For a given complex of conditions of manufacture, importance of adequate supply, cost and adequacy of inspection, consequence of an unsatisfactory product, and the like, some particular level of acceptance of unsatisfactory product is to the consumer's benefit as well as to that of the producer. Recognition of this problem and discovery of solution in the form of a formalized acceptance testing plan on a sampling basis occurred in the Bell Telephone System 1 and in Germany 2 in the 1920's. A status report of progress to the end of World War II was furnished a Symposium at the Cleveland meeting of the American Statistical Association in January of 1946. 3 A survey of post war developments appeared in 1963. 4
Microbes and microbial toxins: paradigms for microbial-mucosal interactions II. The integrated response of the intestine to Clostridium difficile toxins.

Clostridium difficile, the major etiologic factor of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis, mediates its effects by releasing two large protein exotoxins, toxins A and B. A major toxin effect ...
Excited state molecular structure determination in disordered media using laser pump/X-ray probe time-domain X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Advances in X-ray technologies provide opportunities for solving structures of photoexcited state molecules with short lifetimes. Using X-ray pulses from a modern synchrotron source, the structure of a metal-to-ligand-charge-transfer (MLCT) excited state of CuI(dmp)2+ (dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) was investigated by laser pump/X-ray probe X-ray absorption fine structure (LPXP-XAFS) in fluid solution at room temperature on a nanosecond time scale. The experimental requirements for such pump–probe XAFS are described in terms of technical challenges: (1) conversion of optimal excited state population, (2) synchronization of the pump laser pulse and probe X-ray pulse, and (3) timing of the detection. Using a laser pump pulse for the photoexcitation, a photoluminescent MLCT excited state of CuI(dmp)2(BArF), (dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, BArF = tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethylphenyl)borate) with a lifetime of 98 ± 5 ns was created. Probing the structure of this state at its optimal concentration using an X-ray pulse cluster with a total duration of 14.2 ns revealed that (1) a CuII center was generated via a whole charge transfer; (2) the copper in the MLCT state bound an additional ligand to form a penta-coordinate complex with a likely trigonal bipyramidal geometry; and (3) the average Cu–N bond length increases in the MLCT excited state by 0.07 A. In contrast to previously reported literature, the photoluminescence of this penta-coordinate MLCT state was not quenched upon ligation with the fifth ligand. On the basis of experimental results, we propose that the absorptive and emissive states have distinct geometries. The results represent X-ray characterization of a molecular excited state in fluid solution on a nanosecond time scale.
Reflections on the American school: An IPE of our making

In 1984, Susan Strange famously likened the field of international political economy (IPE) to the wild American west, a ‘vast, open range… still unfenced, still open to all comers’ (Strange, 1984: ...
Thermal Conductivity Measurement of Graphene Exfoliated on Silicon Dioxide

Since graphene was first exfoliated from graphite, the monatomic layer of carbon atoms has attracted great interest for fundamental studies of unique two dimensional transport phenomena. Meanwhile, graphene is being explored for nanoelectronic applications because of the superior electron mobility and mechanical strength as well as compatibility with existing planar silicon-based microelectronics. The ultrahigh thermal conductivity suggested recently for suspended graphene is another attractive feature that may potentially address the increasingly severe heat dissipation problems in nanoelectronic devices. However, little is known about thermal transport properties of supported graphene that is used in most graphene device configurations. To better understand thermal transport in supported graphene, we have developed a device to measure the thermal conductivity of graphene exfoliated on a silicon dioxide beam. The obtained peak thermal conductivity is about 600 W/m-K near room temperature. This value is lower than the basal plane values for graphite and suspended graphene, but still considerably higher than common electronic materials. The measurement results at low temperatures further reveal intriguing low dimensional behaviors. Here, we present a detailed analytical and numerical heat transfer analysis of the thermal measurement method.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Growth of Cancerous and of Embryonic Tissues Stratified in the Ultra-Centrifuge.

SummaryThe cells of carcinoma tissue, after 30 minutes of centrifugalizatioii in an ultracentrifuge at a displacement pull of 400,000 times that of gravity, show little trace of stratification of contents. Apparently the cytoplasni of such cells is of the consistency of a stiff gel. Such cells centrifuged for 20 minutes grew as readily as non-centrifuged cancer cells when implanted in young rats. The cells in lits of embryonic body-wall centrifuged for 12 and for 20 minutes respectively, although having their contents markedly stratified by the treatiiient, resumed growth when implanted subcutaneously in young rats, developing usually into hair-filled cysts of skin but occasionally into cartilage and bone. These results were prohably due to the misplacement of embryonic tissues rather than to changes induced by centrifugalization.
Hypophysectomy Alters the Diurnal Food Intake Patterns in Rats

SummaryHypophysectomy alters the normal diurnal feeding patterns of rats but on the average the hypophysectomized rats still consume the greatest percentage of their food during the dark phase. Compared to controls, hypophysectomized rats eat a similiar number of meals each day, however, the amount of food consumed and the duration of the meals are reduced. The pituitary gland seems to be one of the factors involved in sustaining the natural diurnal feeding rhythm in rats.The authors wish to thank Drs. Roger and Leung for the use of the food intake monitors, and we express our appreciation for the expert technical assistance of C. M. Friend, and to S. Turley for typing the manuscript.
Relativistic Teichmüller theory: a Hamilton-Jacobi approach to 2+1–dimensional Einstein gravity

We consider vacuum spacetimes in 2+1 dimensions defined on manifolds of the form M =Σ×R where Σ is a compact, orientable surface of genus > 1. By exploiting the harmonicity properties of the Gauss map for an arbitrary constant mean curvature (CMC) slice in such a spacetime we relate the Hamiltonian dynamics of the corresponding reduced Einstein equations to some fundamental results in the Teichmuller theory of harmonic maps. In particular we show, expanding upon an argument sketched by Puzio, that a global complete solution to the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for the reduced Einstein equations can be expressed in terms of the Dirichlet energy for harmonic maps defined over the surface Σ. While in principle this complete solution to the HamiltonJacobi equation determines all the solution curves to the reduced Einstein equations, one can derive a more explicit characterization of these curves through the solution of an associated (parametrized) Monge-Ampere equation. Using the latter we define a corresponding family of “ray structures” on the Teichmuller space of the chosen 2-manifold Σ. These ray structures are similar but complementary to a different family of such ray structures defined by M. Wolf and we herein derive a “relativistic interpretation” of both sets. We also use our Hamilton-Jacobi results to define complementary families of Lagrangian foliations of the cotangent bundle of the Teichmuller space of Σ and to provide the corresponding “relativistic interpretation” of the leaves of these foliations.
COMBINED ROCKET AND SCRAMJET INTEGRATION FOR A LAUNCH VEHICLE

A preliminary design level optimization based trade study of integrated air-breathing propulsive assist for a rocket powered vertical launch vehicle is presented. The conceptual design for the proposed air-breathing thrust augmenter is an annular ramjet/scramjet integrated into a LOX-RP rocket core. The air-breathing engine makes use of the same tankage and turbopump hardware as the rocket engine for supplying fuel. Preliminary design level modeling of performance for candidate designs is achieved using an Euler solver for the aerodynamics and air-breathing propulsion components, a standard momentum approach for estimating rocket thrust, a semiempirical approach for the mass properties and a 7-8 order Runge Kutta integrator for solving the equations of motion for a six degree of freedom simulation of the flight. The optimizer is a binary encoded genetic algorithm with a proven track record for addressing complex flight vehicle design problems..
Localizing metabolic synthesis in microbial cultures with kinetic mass spectrometry imaging (kMSI)

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has emerged as a powerful technique enabling spatially defined imaging of metabolites within microbial biofilms. Here, we extend this approach to enable differentiation of newly synthesized versus pre-existing metabolites across a co-culture. This is accomplished by MS imaging two soil microbes, Shewanella oneidensis MR1 and Pseudomonas stutzeri RCH2, that were administered heavy water (D2O) during growth on agar plates. For two species-specific diglyceride (DG) lipids, isotopic analysis was performed on each spectra collected across the co-culture to determine the relative amount of newly synthesized versus pre-existing lipid. Here, highest levels of new synthesis of RCH2 lipid was localized to border regions adjacent to S. oneidensis MR1, while the MR1 lipid showed highest levels in regions further from RCH2. Interestingly, regions of high lipid abundance did not correspond to the regions with highest new lipid biosynthesis. Given the simplicity and generality of using D2O as a stable isotopic probe combined with the accessibility of kMSI to a range of MSI instrumentation, this approach has broad application for improving our understanding of how microbial interactions influence metabolite biosynthesis.
Interactive Control of Deformable-object Animations through Control Metaphor Pattern Adherence

In this paper we present an adaptive and intuitive methodology for controlling the localized deformations of physically simulated objects using an intuitive pattern-based control interface. To maximize the interactive component presented in this approach we consolidate existing feedback mechanisms in deformable-body control techniques to provide intuitive editing metaphors for stretching, bending, twisting, and compressing simulated objects. The resulting movements created by these control metaphors are validated using imposed behavior evaluation and the effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated through interactively generated compound movements that introduce complex local deformations of objects in existing physical animations.
Evaluation of a coordinated undergraduate program in dietetics.

Annual evaluations, over five years, of students’ ratings of their educational preparation and of their supervisors’ appraisals of their work are analyzed in this paper.
The Radial Functions for the Hydrogenic Atom

Because we have solved the angular part of the one-body problem for a spherically symmetric V(r) (or, equivalently, the angular part for the relative motion of a two-body problem), it would be good to provide a detailed example for a particular potential, V(r). Because the Coulomb problem is soluble via the factorization method, let us solve the radial problem for the general hydrogenic atom, i.e., the one electron atom (with Z = 1, 2, 3, ⋯) for hydrogen, once-ionized Helium, twice-ionized Lithium, and so on, where $$ V(r) = - \frac{{Z{e^2}}}{r} $$ (1) .
A Note on Edmund Husserl’s Late Breakthrough to the Plane of Nature-Life, Completing His Itinerary

This brief note on a most significant subject is an indispensable link—philosophical link—between the body of phenomenological learning presented above to be seen in its historical unfolding, and the horizons for future programs opened by the seminal virtualities engendered by that thought. It is a link between an ideal vision of reality which legitimates itself at each step already accomplished, already segments of the past, and the prospects that lay before us. This linkage is by no means a happy discovery of some new perspective on Husserl’s or other phenomenologist’s ideas, or a new interpretation of an insight. Nay, one could say that the question is that of an ‘extraordinary’ but necessary coincidence between Husserl’s latest insights, which remained unremarked on and came to light only with the study of his unpublished manuscripts, on the one side, and the recent unfolding of a new philosophical outlook, on the other. The latter takes up again Husserl’s initial proposal, which he later put to the side, of developing a phenomenological mathesis universalis as an absolute foundation for all knowledge, one that concommitantly arrives at foundational reality. The phenomenology of life reaches that foundational level, making a new start. Although the elaboration of this new attempt at the initial Husserlian project has held fast to his main precepts, it has brought some crucial new insights and revamped some of the great tenets of transcendental phenomenology. It has absorbed phenomenology’s achievements and continues its great lines on a more profound level. It has pursued its elaboration over thirty years in a worldwide effort of scholars and reached this foundational level in its own right.
Therapeutic Uses of Contrast Microbubbles

The potential for non-invasive targeted delivery of therapeutic agents and targeted thrombus dissolution using diagnostic ultrasound (DUS) and intravenous microbubbles or droplets is an emerging technology that will change diagnostic ultrasound systems into therapeutic devices. Targeted ultrasound destruction of microbubbles which carry either DNA or inhibitor RNA sequences have been utilized to both promote microvascular regeneration in ischemic myocardium and skeletal muscle and inhibit vascular growth in murine models of carcinoma. Targeted ultrasound microbubble cavitation has been utilized to improve ischemic limb blood flow via nitric oxide pathways and to induce targeted coronary and microvascular recanalization in large animal models of acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Initial clinical trials utilizing DUS and commercially available microbubbles in acute STEMI patients prior to, and after, emergent percutaneous coronary intervention have demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of this approach in preserving microvascular flow.
Economic Impacts of Increasing Seasonal Precipitation Variation on Southeast Wyoming Cow-Calf Enterprises

ABSTRACT Knowledge regarding the economic impacts of predicted increases in seasonal precipitation variability on cowcalf enterprises, through influences of precipitation on both forage and cattle productivity, is needed by land managers for developing risk management strategies. Here we use existing forage production and cattle performance data from the northern mixed-grass prairie, coupled with spring precipitation and economic data, in a ranch-level mathematical programming model. We estimate economic impacts across a 35-yr planning period with 100 iterations of different price cycles including five levels of increasing spring precipitation variation (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% increases), examining the impact of resulting forage production and calf gain. Annual expected profit variability increases largely due to the increase in herd number variability rather than variability in calf gains. Overall, as seasonal precipitation variation increases, higher annual expected profit variability results in gr...
Toward a New Vision of Equality: Perspectives of Male Teachers in the Elementary Music Classroom:

Research concerning men working in predominantly female environments has suggested that stereotyping can occur when gender norms are violated, such as men teaching at the elementary school level. T...
The role of the gamma function shape parameter in determining differences between condensation rates in bin and bulk microphysics schemes

Abstract. The condensation and evaporation rates predicted by bin and bulk microphysics schemes in the same model framework are compared in a statistical way using simulations of non-precipitating shallow cumulus clouds. Despite other fundamental disparities between the bin and bulk condensation parameterizations, the differences in condensation rates are predominantly explained by accounting for the width of the cloud droplet size distributions simulated by the bin scheme. While the bin scheme does not always predict a cloud droplet size distribution that is well represented by a gamma distribution function (which is assumed by bulk schemes), this fact appears to be of secondary importance for explaining why the two schemes predict different condensation and evaporation rates. The width of the cloud droplet size is not well constrained by observations, and thus it is difficult to know how to appropriately specify it in bulk microphysics schemes. However, this study shows that enhancing our observations of this width and its behavior in clouds is important for accurately predicting condensation and evaporation rates.
Wavelength-selective mid-infrared metamaterial absorbers with multiple tungsten cross resonators

Wavelength-selective metamaterial absorbers in the mid-infrared range are demonstrated by using multiple tungsten cross resonators. By adjusting the geometrical parameters of cross resonators in single-sized unit cells, near-perfect absorption with single absorption peak tunable from 3.5 µm to 5.5 µm is realized. The combination of two, three, or four cross resonators of different sizes in one unit cell enables broadband near-perfect absorption at mid-infrared range. The obtained absorption spectra exhibit omnidirectionality and weak dependence on incident polarization. The underlying mechanism of near-perfect absorption with cross resonators is further explained by the optical mode analysis, dispersion relation and equivalent RLC circuit model. Moreover, thermal analysis is performed to study the heat generation and temperature increase in the cross resonator absorbers, while the energy conversion efficiency is calculated for the thermophotovoltaic system made of the cross resonator thermal emitters and low-bandgap semiconductors.
Magnetic resonance imaging based anatomical assessment of tongue impairment due to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A preliminary study

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurological disorder, which impairs tongue function for speech and swallowing. A widely used Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) analysis pipeline is employed for quantifying differences in tongue fiber myoarchitecture between controls and ALS patients. This pipeline uses both high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (hMRI) and DTI. hMRI is used to delineate tongue muscles, while DTI provides indices to reveal fiber connectivity within and between muscles. The preliminary results using five controls and two patients show quantitative differences between the groups. This work has the potential to provide insights into the detrimental effects of ALS on speech and swallowing.
PCR amplification using electrolytic resistance for heating and temperature monitoring.

An alternative method of rapid-cycle PCR for DNA amplification is demonstrated using electrolyte resistance for heating and temperature monitoring. The PCR amplification solution is electrically co...
Vector based Approaches to Semantic Similarity Measures

This paper describes our approach to developing novel vector based measures of semantic similarity between a pair of sentences or utterances. Measures of this nature are useful not only in evaluating machine translation output, but also in other language understanding and information retrieval applications. We first describe the general family of existing vector based approaches to evaluating semantic similarity and their general properties. We illustrate how this family can be extended by means of discriminatively trained semantic feature weights. Finally, we explore the problem of rephrasing (i.e., addressing the question is sentence X the rephrase of sentence Y?) and present a new measure of the semantic linear equivalence between two sentences by means of a modified LSI approach based on the Generalized Singular Value Decomposition.
Contemplating the Implications of a Nanotechnology “Revolution”

Since the industrial revolution, various groups and associations have voiced concern over the potential negative effects of numerous new technologies. Such groups often claim to represent the overlooked interests of civil society, and focus on ethical and political issues such as inequality (see Foladori and Invernizzi, ch. 2). In the case of nanotechnology, the ETC Group (see ch. 10) and Greenpeace have helped focus media attention on the potential human and environmental risks of nanoparticles, and the Meridian Institute has suggested that nanotechnologies may spawn greater inequalities. In this chapter, Miller represents the position of Friends of the Earth Australia—a branch of the world’s largest federation of environmental organizations with member groups in over seventy-two countries. Friends of the Earth Australia has called for public involvement in technology decision making and for assessments of nanotechnology’s potential to address issues of exacerbating inequities alongside basic questions of safety (see Walsh and Medley, ch. 18). Miller voices concerns about potential human and environmental harms that are typically raised by those who engage in organized resistance to the otherwise unquestioned promotion of nanotechnologies, and does so by critiquing the more conventional futures (such as those presented by Kennedy, ch. 1; Kundahl, ch. 15; or Meyyappan, ch. 20). – Eds.
Cyber-Physical Systems design using dissipativity

In Cyber-Physical Systems large numbers of heterogeneous cyber and physical subsystems are networked, are interacting tightly, may change dynamically and may expand or contract. Designing and preserving properties of a CPS over its lifespan is very challenging. Passivity and dissipativity are energy like concepts that offer great promise in guaranteeing properties, such as stability, in complex heterogeneous interconnected systems that are changing dynamically. Passivity indices that provide a measure of the degree of passivity are used to generalize classical results in interconnected systems, and results for continuous, discrete and switched systems in networks with delays, event triggered architectures, conic systems and systems with symmetries are shown.
Nano-Tailoring: Stitching Alterations on Viral Coats

Growing interest in utilizing protein assemblies for nanomaterials applications has spawned efforts to customize these scaffolds. Viral capsids have been modified with new chemical functionalities, typically at lysine or cysteine residues. Two innovative studies describe approaches to introduce modifications at virion tyrosine residues [1, 2].
O Creativity, Where Art Thou? The Impact of Fear on Creativity Perception: An Abstract

While prior research has sought to define the creativity construct and has examined factors influencing creativity generation, research has not examined external factors which may influence creativity perception. Yet, creativity generation and perception are independent processes (Groborz and Necka 2003), so their drivers cannot be assumed to be the same. Further, perceptions of creativity often vary between individuals (Young 2000). Given the positive consequences of perceived creativity combined with its subjective nature, there is value in identifying factors which could enhance perceived creativity. In this research, we show that perceived creativity is indeed malleable and identify a factor, fear, which can be used to enhance creativity perceptions.
Bumble Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus spp.) of Interior Alaska: Species Composition, Distribution, Seasonal Biology, and Parasites

Background Despite the ecological and agricultural significance of bumble bees in Alaska, very little is known and published about this important group at the regional level. The objectives of this study were to provide baseline data on species composition, distribution, seasonal biology, and parasites of the genus Bombus at three major agricultural locations within Alaska: Fairbanks, Delta Junction, and Palmer, to lay the groundwork for future research on bumble bee pollination in Alaska.
Caribbean gorgonian octocorals cope with nutrient enrichment.

Corals inhabit oligotrophic waters, thriving amidst limited nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous. When nutrient levels increase, usually due to human activity, the symbiosis of dinoflagellates (family Symbiodiniaceae) with scleractinian corals can break down. Although gorgonian corals dominate many Caribbean reefs, the impact of enrichment on them and their algae is understudied. We exposed two gorgonian species, Pseudoplexaura porosa and Eunicea tourneforti, to elevated concentrations of either ammonium (10 μM or 50 μM) or phosphate (4 μM). Enrichment with 10 μM ammonium increased chlorophyll content and algal density in both species, whereas the host biochemical composition was unaffected. Exposure to 50 μM ammonium only reduced the quantum yield in P. porosa and mitotic indices in both species. Conversely, algal carbon and nitrogen content within E. tourneforti increased with 4 μM phosphate exposure. These gorgonian species coped with short-term nutrient enrichment, furthering our understanding of the success of Caribbean gorgonians.
Optical Reddening, Integrated HI Optical Depth, Total Hydrogen Column Density.

Despite the vastly different angular scales on which they are measured, the integrated $\lambda$21 cm \HI\ optical depth measured interferometrically, \WHI, is a good proxy for the optical reddening derived from IR dust emission, with %\WHI\ $\equiv \int\tau({\rm \HI}) ~{\rm dv} = (13.8\pm0.7)$\EBV$^{(1.10\pm0.03)}$ \kms\ \WHI\ $\propto$ \EBV$^{1.10}$ for 0.04 mag $\la$ \EBV\ $\la$ 4 mag. For \EBV\ $\la 0.04$ mag or \WHI\ $< 0.7$ \kms, less-absorbent warm and ionized gases assert themselves and $\tau$(HI) is a less reliable tracer of \EBV. The \WHI-\EBV\ relationship can be inverted to give a broken power-law relationship between the total hydrogen column density N(H) and \WHI\ such that knowledge of \WHI\ alone predicts N(H) with an accuracy of a factor 1.5 ($\pm 0.18$ dex) across two orders of magnitude variation of \WHI. The \WHI-N(H) relation is invariant under a linear rescaling of the reddening measure used in the analysis and does not depend on knowing properties of the HI such as the spin temperature.
Visualization: Representation in Science

Until recently, historians, philosophers, and sociologists of science treated linguistic propositions and mathematical formulae as the primary bearers of knowledge, and they assigned visual representations with a secondary illustrative function. This is no longer the case, as growing scholarly interest in visual images has developed since the 1970s. Studies of visual representations in science employ diverse interpretive and critical strategies, consistent with more general epistemological, cultural, and political orientations. Numerous studies treat visual representations as products of ideological discourse, materializations of the male gaze, and extensions of cultural hegemony. Perhaps the most original approach is taken by empirical studies that examine the material production of visualization in specific practical and rhetorical contexts. These studies provide a substantive basis for criticizing and revising standard conceptions of observation, evidence, and reference in the philosophy of science.
Case Study: Dilated Cardiomyopathy Evolves into Apical-Variant Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Introduction Apical-variant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a form of HCM in which hypertrophy is limited to the left-ventricular apex. Apical-variant HCM is rarely obstructive, though there is still an increased risk of atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Apical-variant HCM has not previously been described in a patient with a prior diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Case A 53-year-old female with a history of hypertension and type-II diabetes mellitus presented with progressive dyspnea on exertion, fatigue and lower extremity swelling. Family history was significant for SCD of her mother at age 45. An initial transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) showed DCM with an ejection fraction (EF) 15% and left ventricular end diastolic dimension (LVEDD) of 6.8 cm. The patient was placed on guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) and ultimately received cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator (CRT-D). One year later, EF was 25% with LVEDD 7.1 cm (Figure 1). A subsequent TTE two years later showed resolution of DCM with EF 55% and LVEDD of 5.1 cm. However, a new finding on this TTE was apparent: the apex demonstrated a spade-like shape on contraction consistent with apical-variant HCM (Figure 2). The patient underwent genetic testing but no genetic cause of either DCM or HCM was identified. Discussion HCM is caused by autosomal-dominant inheritance of a defective gene in sarcomere proteins. DCM and HCM are linked in that some etiologies of DCM are driven by sarcomeric protein abnormalities. DCM is also a rare phenotypical variant of HCM generally occurring very late in the disease and evolving from an initially hypertrophic myocardium. The opposite, in which DCM evolves into apical-variant HCM, to the best of our knowledge, has not been described in the literature. This relationship, as well as a family history of early SCD, suggest an inherited sarcomeric disorder manifesting as two discrete phenotypes within the same individual. This evolution may be due to treatment with GDMT, or it may be a rare expression of the disease's natural history. Only a fraction of cases of idiopathic DCM and HCM have an identifiable genetic cause and, thus, lacking an identified mutation does not preclude an inherited cardiomyopathy.
Pensamento computacional: uma proposta de oficina para a formação de professores

ensino de programacao e o desenvolvimento do pensamento computacional estao sendo adotados em diversas escolas no Brasil e no mundo, abrindo espaco para a discussao da formacao de professores nesse contexto. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma proposta de oficina introdutoria para a formacao de professores, tendo sido realizado por meio de um estudo de caso, com natureza qualitativa. Como metodo, foi utilizada a observacao do participante e a aplicacao de dois questionarios em uma oficina de formacao de professores. A analise dos dados se deu com a escolha da analise de discurso para as questoes abertas e com analise estatistica descritiva para as questoes quantitativas. Os resultados da investigacao revelaram que os professores, em sua maioria, desconhecem a tematica e, consequentemente, apresentam dificuldades em reconhecer a importância do uso do PC.
Knowing It When We See It: Realism and Melodrama in American Film Since 'Birth of a Nation'

In American film, official law tends to be indifferent, bureaucratic, and corruptible, constantly threatening to produce injustice. In contrast, “justice” is individual, unambiguous and readily accessible. As a result, seeing justice done often requires extralegal intervention. Films offer alternate trials in which apparently realistic but emotionally charged representations of personal experience, rather than legal procedure and evidentiary standards, determine guilt or innocence. The fairness of the verdict in the filmic alternate trial is measured not by the standard of due process, but by the viewer’s moral sense. Nevertheless, as Carol Clover has observed, the narrative substructure of both the Anglo-American trial and mainstream film bear a striking resemblance. I argue that this resemblance arises from a common set of assumptions about narrative plausibility and the social world: the conventions that govern mainstream film are also the (largely unspoken) conventions of credibility and verifiability in legal discourse. Filmic alternate trials follow realist rules of evidence but articulates an underlying epistemology that is fundamentally melodramatic. They have done so at least since D. W. Griffith’s deeply influential “Birth of a Nation” (1915), and they continue to do so today. And these melodramatic trials of our social realities inform our perception in legal and non-legal settings in ways that are so familiar they have become invisible to us.
Environmental Factors And Anatomic Pathology Of The Thyroid Gland: Review Of Literature

Abstract Over the years, many environmental factors and exogenous compounds have been identified that interfere with the normal function of endocrine organs. These disorders manifest as endocrine hormone imbalance, infectious and autoimmune diseases, and both benign and malignant neoplasms. The thyroid gland is especially sensitive to environmental factors and surgical specimens from affected glands are commonly seen in everyday pathology practice. In this review, we focus on the pathophysiology of environmental factors that cause thyroid disease and detail the pathologic findings that may be encountered by the anatomic pathologist.
Role of NAD+-Modulated Mitochondrial Free Radical Generation in Mechanisms of Acute Brain Injury.

It is commonly accepted that mitochondria represent a major source of free radicals following acute brain injury or during the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells are determined by two opposing mechanisms—the one that produces free radicals and the cellular antioxidant system that eliminates ROS. Thus, the balance between the rate of ROS production and the efficiency of the cellular detoxification process determines the levels of harmful reactive oxygen species. Consequently, increase in free radical levels can be a result of higher rates of ROS production or due to the inhibition of the enzymes that participate in the antioxidant mechanisms. The enzymes’ activity can be modulated by post-translational modifications that are commonly altered under pathologic conditions. In this review we will discuss the mechanisms of mitochondrial free radical production following ischemic insult, mechanisms that protect mitochondria against free radical damage, and the impact of post-ischemic nicotinamide adenine mononucleotide (NAD+) catabolism on mitochondrial protein acetylation that affects ROS generation and mitochondrial dynamics. We propose a mechanism of mitochondrial free radical generation due to a compromised mitochondrial antioxidant system caused by intra-mitochondrial NAD+ depletion. Finally, the interplay between different mechanisms of mitochondrial ROS generation and potential therapeutic approaches are reviewed.
Association between blood pressure, race, ethnicity and likelihood of admission to the hospital from United States emergency departments – A cross sectional study

Background: The emergency department (ED) has emerged as the primary portal for entry to the hospital for most patients with health care problems, including hypertension. Hypertension is the most important risk factor for heart disease. Disparities may exist in access to hospitalization across race/ethnicity. Our objective was to estimate how the likelihood of hospital admission based on blood pressure (BP) was modified by race/ethnicity. Methods: We used data from the 2014 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a representative sample of non-federal, U.S. emergency department visits. We plotted probability of admission by blood pressure stratified by race/ethnicity to assess for a linear relationship. We then fit logistic regression models that adjusted for other potential confounders including patient-, visit-, and hospital-level factors. All analyses were conducted with relevant SURVEY functions in SAS to account for design. Results: Just over 21,000 visits were included in the study, representing approximately 1.4 million U.S. ED visits. We included the range of systolic blood pressure from 110 to 180 mmHg based on the linear relationship with probability of admission. We found the odds ratio for admission was 1.11 [95% CI: (1.06, 1.18)] for each 10 mmHg rise in systolic blood pressure in the unadjusted analysis. In the final adjusted model accounting for confounders, we found that the relationship between BP and admission was no longer significant 0.96 [0.91 to 1.01]. Whites were substantially more likely to be admitted compared to Blacks and Hispanics at odds ratio 1.5 [1.2 to 2]. Conclusions: The relationship between BP and hospital admission is complicated. Blacks and Hispanics appear less likely to be admitted to the hospital from the ED at a given level of blood pressure even after accounting for triage severity, and other individual and hospital level factors. Further research is needed to better understand this disparity.
Occlusion Detection for Dynamic Adaptation.

Occlusion is a common issue for object detection and tracking applications using a remote sensor platform, especially in complex urban environments where occlusions from buildings, bridges, and trees are frequent events. While occlusions are unavoidable, the events can be predicted to occur before the object of interest is obscured if there is prior knowledge of the observed environment. To aid in object detection and tracking tasks, we create an environment to map terrain and find obscured regions in the scene which helps with re-detecting objects once they are no longer obscured. We propose a dynamic data driven applications systems (DDDAS) framework for detecting occluded regions in an imaged scene by integrating streams of real data with a physics-based simulation model that updates based on the most recent images.
Transgender Women's Internet Survey and Testing: Protocol and Key Indicators Report

Purpose: There is a need for ongoing behavioral surveillance of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk among transgender women, using assessments adapted to th...
Digital anthropometry for body circumference measurements: Toward the development of universal three‐dimensional optical system analysis software

Background/objective Digital anthropometric (DA) assessments are increasingly being administered with three-dimensional (3D) optical devices in clinical settings that manage patients with obesity and related metabolic disorders. However, anatomic measurement sites are not standardized across manufacturers, precluding use of published reference values and pooling of data across research centers. Subjects/methods This study aimed to develop universal 3D analysis software by applying novel programming strategies capable of producing device-independent DA estimates that agree with conventional anthropometric (CA) measurements made at well-defined anatomic sites. A series of technical issues related to proprietary methods of 3D geometrical reconstruction and image analysis were addressed in developing major software components. To evaluate software accuracy, comparisons were made to CA circumference measurements made with a flexible tape at eleven standard anatomic sites in up to 35 adults scanned with three different commercial 3D optical devices. Results Overall, group mean CA and DA values across the three systems were in good agreement, with ∼2 cm systematic differences; CA and DA estimates were highly correlated (all p-values Conclusions Availability of this software, with future refinements, has the potential to facilitate clinical applications and creation of large pooled uniform anthropometric databases.
Examining Stalking Assault by Victim Gender, Stalker Gender, and Victim-Stalker Relationship

The overall goals of this study were to explore factors associated with stalking assault and factors associated with stalking-related fear among those who were, and who were not, assaulted by victim gender. Men (n = 254) and women (n = 560) stalking victims were recruited through a crowdsourcing website and surveyed about their stalking experiences. Overall, one-third of stalking victims were assaulted. However, almost half of women were assaulted by (ex)partner stalkers compared to about one-quarter of women stalked by acquaintances or strangers. Additionally, about one-third of men were assaulted regardless of their relationship to the stalker. Three main findings are discussed including: (1) stalking assault rates and stalking-related fear levels differ by victim gender which may be, in part, because more women are stalked by males and by (ex)partners; (2) prior violence to the victim, threats, and frequency of confrontation were associated with stalking assault regardless of victim gender; and (3) among those not assaulted, threats and the stalker not caring about severe consequences was associated with stalking-related fear regardless of victim gender, but other factors associated with stalking-related fear differed by victim gender and assault experience. Arrest and increased concern for victim safety by professionals often hinges on physical violence and victim injury. However, educating professionals who work with stalking victims about the factors associated with assault, as well as the full range of harms and risks beyond assault, is crucial to supporting victims and holding stalkers accountable for the crime of stalking.
Improving geocoding of a Twitter user group using their account creation times and languages

This paper proposes a classifier for predicting the location of followers of a Twitter influencer using their account creation times. Time is a universal feature and thus it can be used to characterize influencers from different parts of the world. In addition, the language of the location is used to improve classification performance. In the first step of the proposed two-step approach influencer's followers' account creation times are used to create a time distribution to predict the time zone's Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) offset. In the second step, language features are used to constrain locations associated with the UTC offset. The approach is illustrated by categorizing 320K Twitter celebrity influencers by their country. High confidence influencer predictions are used as training data for an improved geocoder. This geocoder automatically learns popular ways that Twitter users refer to locations within the country and can handle foreign alphabets.
“I Was Praying for My Very Salvation from My Sexual Abuse”: Experiences of Sexual Abuse Survivors in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

Researchers have thoroughly documented the experiences of sexual abuse survivors; however, many complications may arise for adult survivors who are religious. To our knowledge, there have been no p...
Object-oriented inventories for simulations of manufacturing processes

It is shown that an object-oriented approach to inventories makes the simulation of manufacturing processes much simpler and easier to maintain. A complete set of functionalities for inventory objects, along with their hierarchical class structure and the attributes (slots) ass,ociated with each class is presented. It is not claimed that these functionalities are mature, but they appear to be quite adequate for present and future modeling of manufacturing processes. The hope is to transfer, more or less intact, everything developed above the instance level to other projects. An implementation using the KEE expert shell system has been developed, and the resulting machinery is being applied to Rocky Flats Plant pyrochemical operations. >