cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computational Studies: Cisplatin

Cisplatin is one of the most successful anticancer drugs currently in use. Since the discovery of its antitumor activity over three decades ago, intense research has been carried out to uncover the details of its cytotoxic activity and to design analogs with fewer side effects. Computational studies have complemented experimental studies in this research effort. Much of the early computational effort was dedicated to understanding the details of the hydrolysis process of cisplatin that leads to the activated drug. With mounting evidence that DNA was the primary target of the drug and a simultaneous increase in computing power, later theoretical studies aimed to explore the atomistic details of cisplatin–DNA interactions. Currently, both quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical methods are being used to study the thermodynamics and kinetics of not only cisplatin–DNA complexes, but also of other complexes such as Pt(II)-based cisplatin analogs, other transition metal complexes, and DNA binding organic molecules. Despite these remarkable achievements, much work still remains to be done, both experimentally and computationally, especially in elucidating the role of repair enzymes in modulating the cytotoxic activity of DNA binding agents. Keywords: cisplatin; cisplatin–DNA interactions; platinum anticancer drugs; DNA-binding drugs; molecular modeling; molecular dynamics; density functional theory; QM/MM
Vitellogenin in the surface mucus of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus): Possibility for uptake by the free‐swimming embryos

Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) produce two forms of vitellogenin, designated tVTG-200 and tVTG-130 to indicate the molecular masses (kDa) of their monomeric forms. The female of this species broods the embryos in her mouth, and they nip at her sides. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and Western blots using the antisera to tVTG-200 and tVTG-130 were used in this study to show the presence of tVTGs in the surface mucus of vitellogenic females and estradiol (E2)-treated male tilapia. Gut extracts from the free-swimming embryos exhibited a displacement curve in ELISAs for tVTG-200 and tVTG-130. Western blot analyses of the esophagus/ stomach extract of the embryo showed no intact tVTGs, although proteins at 20.8 and 18.1 kDa were detected by the antiserum to tVTG-200 and a protein at 106 kDa by the antiserum to tVTG-130, which were similar to the proteins found in the extract of the yolk sac. Immunocytochemistry for tVTG-200 and tVTG-130 demonstrated positive cross-reaction in the gut content of the embryo. However, gut extracts from embryos which were separated from the mother showed cross-reactivity in ELISAs similar to those taken from the embryos hatched in the mouth of the mother. The availability of VTGs in the mucus of the mother raises the possibility of continued nutrient supply from the mother for post-hatched embryonic tilapia. Alternative sources of the yolk protein-like substances inside the gut of the embryos are considered. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Passivity Based Nonlinear Control of Hydraulic Actuators Based on an Euler-Lagrange Formulation

A passivity framework for hydraulic actuators is developed by consideration of the compressibility energy function for a fluid with a pressure dependent bulk modulus. The typical actuator’s mechanical and pressure dynamic model is shown to be the Euler-Lagrange equations for this energy function. A passivity property for the actuator is exhibited in which the hydraulic supply rate contains the compressibility energy, instead of just being P · Q. A storage function for the pressure error is then proposed based on the physical compressibility energy and the pressure error dynamics is shown to be a passive two-port subsystem. Control laws are derived using the storage function. A case study is presented to compare the new passivity based approach and the traditional backstepping approach for a trajectory tracking application. In this example, the proposed approach is less sensitive to velocity measurement error and requires lower feedback gains than the traditional approach.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Coping with economic crisis: policy development in China and India

This paper explores health policy options in response to economic crises in developing countries. It is based on the premise that policy is best pursued within a broad understanding of the determinants of health within populations. To provide an empirical base for analysis the health status and health care systems of China and India are compared. A conceptual framework on the determinants of the health status of populations is then developed incorporating both the performance of health care systems and nonmedical factors which influence health. Using the China and India experiences the paper reviews the strengths and weaknesses of traditional tools used in the analysis of health policy. Significant policy change it is argued is best implemented through structural change of several health care system components simultaneously. Health policy analysis it is further argued must consider the broader political economy of the society. Moreover there remain many perfectly understood sociocultural aspects of behavior which enable some families to produce good health despite economic constraints. The paper concludes that economic crisis presents an opportunity for structural review of a societys health systems. Health policy options in response to economic crisis cannot be confined to the health care sector. Rather health policy should be viewed as only 1 very important element in a package of socioeconomic policy options. Critical to policy choices are reliable information on the condition of the poor and high political priority to minimize the adverse impact of economic crisis on the health nutrition and social welfare of disadvantaged groups. (authors)
Genetic mapping of floral traits associated with reproductive isolation in monkeyflowers (Mimulus)

SPECIATION is the process whereby populations acquire sufficient genetic differences to become reproductively isolated1. Since Darwin it has been recognized that the tempo and mode of specia-tion are greatly influenced by the number and magnitude of genetic changes required for reproductive isolation2–6, but detailed genetic studies have been limited to a few taxa such as Drosophila7. Genome mapping techniques now widely adopted in plant8,9 and animal10,11 breeding make it possible to investigate the genetic basis of reproductive isolating mechanisms in natural populations. Here we use this approach to map eight floral traits in two sym-patric monkeyflower species that are reproductively isolated owing to pollinator preference by bumblebees or hummingbirds. For each trait we found at least one quantitative trait locus accounting for more than 25% of the phenotypic variance. This suggests that genes of large effect can contribute to speciation.
Chromosomal anomalies in a case of proliferative myositis

Proliferative myositis, a reactive lesion similar to proliferative fasciitis and nodular fasciitis, has only been cytogenetically described in one other report to date. This previously described case showed trisomy 2. Cytogenetic analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of a proliferative myositis lesion in the present study did not reveal trisomy 2 but the following clonal translocation was observed: 46,XX,t(6;14)(q23;q32).
Development and Evaluation of the Time-Resolved Heat and Temperature Array

The development and evaluation of a differential style heat flux gauge is presented. The sensor is constructed from spot-welded foils of copper and constantan on either side of a thin Kapton polyimide film and is capable of measuring the heat flux and surface temperature at ten locations simultaneously. Analytical modeling was performed to estimate the sensor’s sensitivity and time response. Calibrations were performed in conduction and radiation yielding an average heat flux sensitivity of 20.4 μV/(kW/m2). Time response measurements were also performed, which gave an average 63% time response of 168 ms. The capabilities of the sensor are demonstrated by showing its use in ongoing convection research.
Examining strategic and economic development implications of globalising through franchising

Abstract This paper addresses the strategic and policy implications of franchise system expansion overseas. The study is based on survey data of 76 Mexican buyers of US franchise systems and information provided by seven directors of national franchise associations from both industrialised and developing countries. Globalisation, economic liberalisation and advances in communications provide strong incentives for franchising firms to seek access to foreign markets. This work delineates the conditions that favour, and that work against, international expansion of franchise networks from the perspective of franchisors, local franchise buyers and policy makers. The study questions the commonly held notion that franchising is consistent with successful firm strategies and the economic development goals of governments.
The supply of veterinary services: Kenyan Lessons

This paper evaluates various organizational options for the delivery of veterinary care on the basis of Kenya's experience, particularly in small mixed farming areas. Veterinary services can be divided into those that are preventive, curative and promotive. Prevention and promotion are public goods and are appropriate governmental activities under virtually all circumstances. Curative veterinary practice is a private good, however, and is suited to the state sector only in special circumstances. In most situations the available evidence suggests that commercialized practice will actually deliver a greater quantity of clinical care more equitably than a highly subsidized public service does. The sociological dynamics of these three aspects of veterinary medicine have implications for their organizational placement within government as well. The public demand for curative services is very strong, and financial and professional rewards for meeting it are great. This means that in practice veterinary staff in developing countries will not give promotive work and other aspects of livestock production extension their due, whatever their theoretical commitment to it. Thus there is good reason for these two types of work to be kept organizationally separate. Prevention is as high as curative medicine in the professional values of veterinarians, even though it is not as rewarding financially. Therefore, there does not appear to be any problem with the two being integrated in the early stages of their development. Once disease prevention is moderately advanced, the time pressures seem to become more moderate and it appears possible for it to be combined with extension work. Preventive activities work better when they are controlled by the state. Furthermore, when wide coverage of vaccinations is desired, it is most efficient to finance them out of tax revenues, not user fees. Community groups have been quite successful in financing the construction of dips but have been disappointing in operating them.
Attributions as Predictors of Coping and Distress

Attempts to predict coping, distress, and stress-related pathology with person-related variables have had only limited success. With greater attention to their controllability, focus, and place in the causal sequence, it was believed that attributions might yet prove strong predictors. Two field studies, one large (N = 679) and cross-sectional, the other small (N = 60) and longitudinal, tested this premise. Confirming hypotheses, the perceived controllability of an attribution proved essential to prediction, and attributions for coping failures proved superior to attributions for stressful events as predictors. Results also revealed a causal sequence in which attributions affected distress both directly and by influencing the choice of coping strategy. Implications for future applications of attribution theory to stress research are discussed.
Role of Lobes in Chaotic Mixing of Miscible and Immiscible Impurities

Experiments compare long-range chaotic mixing of miscible and immiscible impurities in a time-periodic flow. For the miscible case, the transport is enhanced diffusion with an effective diffusion constant determined by lobes (turnstiles) that carry impurities between vortices. For the immiscible case, the impurity is broken into a distribution of droplets. If the characteristic droplet size is appreciably smaller than the lobe size, the transport is equivalent to that from the miscible case. Otherwise, interfacial tension results in reduction (and possibly extinction) of the transport.
Zolpidem prescribing and adverse drug reactions in hospitalized general medicine patients at a Veterans Affairs hospital.

Abstract Background: Zolpidem is prescribed for sleep disruption in hospitalized patients, but data on the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are based largely on outpatient studies. Thus, the incidence of ADRs in hospitalized patients may be much higher. Objective: The goal of this study was to describe prescribing patterns of zolpidem for hospitalized medical patients aged ⩾ 50 years, the incidence of ADRs possibly and probably associated with its use, and the factors associated with central nervous system (CNS) ADRs. Methods: This case series was conducted in 4 general medicine wards at a Veterans Affairs hospital and was a consecutive sample of patients aged ⩾ 50 years who were hospitalized between 1993 and 1997 and received zolpidem as a hypnotic during hospitalization, but had not received it in the previous 3 months. Chart review was conducted by 2 evaluators. Data extracted from the medical records included admission demographic characteristics, medications, comorbidities, and levels of function in performing basic and instrumental activities of daily living. The main outcome measure was ADRs possibly or probably related to zolpidem use. The association between zolpidem and the occurrence of CNS ADRs (eg, confusion, dizziness, daytime somnolence) was analyzed separately. Results: The review included 119 medical patients aged ⩾ 50 years who had newly received zolpidem for sleep disruption during hospitalization. The median age of the population was 70 years; 86 (72.3%) patients were aged ⩾ 65 years. The initial zolpidem dose was 5 mg in 42 patients (35.3%) and 10 mg in 77 patients (64.7%). Twenty-three patients had a respective 16 and 10 ADRs possibly and probably related to zolpidem use (19.3% incidence). Of a total of 26 ADRs, 21 (80.8%) were CNS ADRs, occurring with both zolpidem 5 mg (10.8% of users) and 10 mg (18.3% of users). On univariate analyses, the only factor significantly associated with a CNS ADR was functional impairment at baseline ( P = 0.003). Zolpidem was discontinued in 38.8% of patients experiencing a CNS ADR Conclusions: In this case series in medical inpatients, there was a high frequency of ADRs, particularly CNS ADRs, associated with zolpidem use. Zolpidem should be used cautiously in the hospital setting.
Fretting fatigue of single crystal nickel at 600 °C

Abstract An experimental setup has been developed to conduct fretting fatigue tests at 610 °C and fretting fatigue lives are characterized for the contacting pair of IN100 and single crystal nickel subjected to a range of loading conditions. A well characterized set of experiments have been conducted to obtain the friction coefficient in the slip zone. A robust quasi-analytical approach, based on solution to singular integral equations, has been used to analyze the contact stresses. Different multi-axial fatigue parameters have been investigated for their ability to predict the initiation life of the specimens. An estimation of crack propagation life was made using conventional fracture mechanics approaches, after making certain assumptions to simplify the problem. Total life was predicted using nucleation life from different parameters and propagation life from conventional fracture mechanics approach. These predicted lives were compared with experimentally observed failure lives. The quality of the comparison provides confidence in the notion that conventional life prediction tools can be used to assess fretting fatigue at elevated temperatures.
Assessment of data on the lignan content of foods.

The plant lignans, secoisolariciresinol (SEC) and matairesinol (MAT) are converted to the metabolites, enterodiol (ED) and enterolactone (EL), known as the mammalian lignans in the gastrointestinal tract. In vitro, mammalian lignans may have both estrogenic and antiestrogenic properties. Increased consumption of lignan-rich foods through the addition of brans, oilseeds and cereals in bread, muffins, health bars and breakfast cereal or emphasis on fruits and vegetables in a balanced diet has lead to the need for reliable data on lignan content in foods. The quantitative determination of the lignans to date by a direct method has involved hydrolysis of the glycoside and analysis of the resulting aglycones (SEC and MAT). The in vitro fermentation methodology, which simulates colonic fermentation with fecal microflora, has been utilized in the indirect analysis of foods where ED and EL are measured as an indication of the plant lignans. A compilation of the available data on the lignan content of various food groups and the assessment of these data by contrasting two different analytical methodologies are given. In general, in vitro fermentation gave higher values, compared to direct analysis, for most foods for which comparisons could be made.
Ketones from “white snakeroot” eupatorium urticaefolium

Abstract “Tremetol”, the crude toxin of Eupatorium urticaefolium , has been separated by partition chromatography into a Sterol Fraction and a Ketone Fraction. The Sterol Fraction was further separated by column chromatography into three pure components: Terpene I (C 15 H 24 ), Sterol (C 30 H 50 O) and Sterol II (C 27 H 46 O). The Ketone Fraction was likewise separated into four components three of which were characterized: Tremetone (48%; C 13 H 14 O 2 ), Dehydrotremetone (17%; C 13 H 12 O 2 ) and Hydroxytremetone (2·5%; C 13 H 14 O 3 ). The three ketones proved toxic to goldfish, and the principal ketone, tremetone, was investigated structurally. Ozone and hypoiodite reacted with tremetone to give formaldehyde and iodoform, respectively, indicating methylene and acetyl functions. Hydrogenation of tremetone yielded dihydrotremetone (C 13 H 16 O 2 ) and a phenolic ketone hydrogenolysis product (C 13 H 18 O 2 ). Oxidation of the methyl ether of the latter gave 4-methoxyisophthalic acid, while Beckmann rearrangement of its oxime, followed by hydrolysis, afforded an aminophenol. A decision was made among the twelve alternative dihydrobenzofuran and dihydrobenzopyran structures for tremetone which accord with these data by synthesis of one of the six possible hydrogenolysis products, 2-isoamyl-4-acetylphenol. The latter proved identical in all respects with the above hydrogenolysis product of tremetone, thus establishing the structure of tremetone as 2-isopropenyl-2, 3-dihydro-5-acetylbenzofuran and that of dihydrotremetone as 2-isopropyl-2, 3-dihydro-5-acetyl-benzofuran.
The radiation environment in and near high gradient rf cavities

Abstract Measurements of the X-ray flux, electron flux and spectrum are presented with the aim of evaluating the usefulness of ionization sensitive single particle detectors in the immediate environment of an rf cavity. The measured fluxes are found to be roughly consistent with field emission of electrons followed by one generation of bremsstrahlung photon production, with absorption and scattering of the final photons and electrons in the cavity and vacuum chamber structure.
Fluorescent Labeling of Antibody Fragments Using Split GFP

Antibody fragments are easily isolated from in vitro selection systems, such as phage and yeast display. Lacking the Fc portion of the antibody, they are usually labeled using small peptide tags recognized by antibodies. In this paper we present an efficient method to fluorescently label single chain Fvs (scFvs) using the split green fluorescent protein (GFP) system. A 13 amino acid tag, derived from the last beta strand of GFP (termed GFP11), is fused to the C terminus of the scFv. This tag has been engineered to be non-perturbing, and we were able to show that it exerted no effect on scFv expression or functionality when compared to a scFv without the GFP11 tag. Effective functional fluorescent labeling is demonstrated in a number of different assays, including fluorescence linked immunosorbant assays, flow cytometry and yeast display. Furthermore, we were able to show that this split GFP system can be used to determine the concentration of scFv in crude samples, as well an estimate of antibody affinity, without the need for antibody purification. We anticipate this system will be of widespread interest in antibody engineering and in vitro display systems.
Stochastic Approach for Short-Term Freeway Traffic Prediction During Peak Periods

Using a stochastic approach, this paper explores and models the basic stochastic characteristics of freeway traffic behavior under a wide range of traffic conditions during peak periods and then applies the models to short-term traffic speed prediction. The speed transition probabilities are estimated from real-world 30-s speed data over a six-year period at three different locations along the 38-mi corridor of Interstate 4 (I-4) in Orlando, FL. The cumulative negative/positive transition probabilities and expected values are derived from the transition probabilities and fitted using logistic and exponential models, respectively. The expected values associated with the most likely transition of speed are then derived from the fitted models and used for predicting speed. Each predicted speed is also associated with a probability value, indicating the chance of observing the occurrence of such transition. The prediction performance was compared for three methods using the root mean square errors (RMSEs). The weighted average method was very close to the higher probability method in most cases. For the two probabilistic methods, the performance was slightly better for the morning peak periods than the evening peak period or all data combined. While the prediction performance of the probabilistic models was comparable with those of other methods found in the literature, the probabilistic approach based on the higher probability provides estimates of the associated probability with each prediction. This provides a measure of confidence in the predicted values before such information is disseminated to the public by traffic agencies.
Strength and water weakening of mantle minerals, olivine, wadsleyite and ringwoodite

Rheological properties of olivine and its high pressure polymorphs, both dry and hydrous, have been studied by monitoring x-ray diffraction peak broadening as a function of pressure, temperature and time. The measurements were carried out up to a pressure of 10 GPa and a temperature of 600°C for olivine and wadsleyite, and a pressure of 20 GPa and a temperature of 1000°C for ringwoodite. The observations indicate that olivine is much weaker than the other two minerals for this range of conditions, and furthermore, water weakens olivine dramatically but only slightly weakens wadsleyite and ringwoodite. When the temperature increases from 25°C to 400°C the yield strength in the olivine drops by 39% without water and 62% with water, however there is hardly any change in strength for wet or dry wadsleyite and ringwoodite.
Inability to detect transferrin receptors on P. falciparum parasitized red cells

The mechanism by which P. falciparum takes up iron from transferrin has been explored. Binding of 125I labelled transferrin to parasitized red cells at 37 degrees C is two-fold greater than to control cells; at 0 degrees C there is no significant difference. The binding is non-specific as judged from the following: it is not saturable; it is not limited to transferrin as lactoferrin (which has iron binding domains) and bovine serum albumin (which does not) also bind in excess to parasitized red cells. A transferrin receptor complex could not be demonstrated when parasitized red cells, to which 125I transferrin was bound, were solubilized in Triton X100. Previous observation showed that uptake of transferrin iron by parasitized red cells is not accompanied by equimolar uptake of transferrin protein. We therefore suggest that nonspecifically bound transferrin is endocytosed, that the protein is degraded and the iron selectively retained.
Shape determination for deformed electromagnetic cavities

The measured physical parameters of a superconducting cavity differ from those of the designed ideal cavity. This is due to shape deviations caused by both loose machine tolerances during fabrication and by the tuning process for the accelerating mode. We present a shape determination algorithm to solve for the unknown deviations from the ideal cavity using experimentally measured cavity data. The objective is to match the results of the deformed cavity model to experimental data through least-squares minimization. The inversion variables are unknown shape deformation parameters that describe perturbations of the ideal cavity. The constraint is the Maxwell eigenvalue problem. We solve the nonlinear optimization problem using a line-search based reduced space Gauss-Newton method where we compute shape sensitivities with a discrete adjoint approach. We present two shape determination examples, one from synthetic and the other from experimental data. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is very effective in determining the deformed cavity shape.
An improved lower bound for deflections of laminated cantilever beams including the effect of transverse shear deformation

A previous paper (reference [3]) has formulated a version of the well-known plane stress problem of the end-loaded cantilever beam of narrow rectangular cross section in a way which allowed the statement of upper and lower bounds for the deflection of the beam, through use of the principles of minimum potential and complementary energy. In extension of the work in reference [3] we here derive an improved lower bound, with the consequence that now the upper and the lower bound coincide for the limiting case of vanishing depth to span ratio of the beam. This means that we have a rigorous proof of the correctness of the ‘elementary strength of materials’ result for the case of a very slender beam, in addition to quantitatively reliable corrections to the elementary result for the case of beams which are not slender.
The Lunar Capture Hypothesis Revisited

Recent work on planetary formation processes have suggested that ancient planetary bodies could have been warmer and, therefore, more easily deformable soon after formation than at present. By use of the estimates for the elastic parameters believed to be appropriate for a warm ancient Moon and Earth, it is shown that the energy of deformation of the planetary bodies during a close gravitational encounter was sufficient to effect capture.
Cardiovascular changes in conscious dogs during spontaneous deep breaths.

Cardiovascular functions were evaluated beat by beat during 29 spontaneous deep breaths in three conscious dogs. When pleural pressure was significantly lower than during quiet breathing, stroke volume was reduced, heart rate elevated, as well as transmural pressure in the pulmonary artery $$\left( {\bar P_{PA} - P_{pl} } \right)$$ and in the thoracic aorta $$\left( {\bar P_{AO} - P_{pl} } \right)$$ ; the left ventricular filling pressure (LVEDP—P pl ) did not decrease. The authors suggest that these findings are not consistent with the classical hypothesis which explains the decrease in left ventricular output primarily by a reduction in the venous return to the left heart. The results indicate that the decrease in pleural pressure is responsible for an increase in the afterload on the left heart and suggest that this is the predominant factor in the reduction of the stroke volume without decrease in left ventricular filling pressure.
Some Electrical Properties of Natural Crystals of Iron Pyrite

Room-temperature Hall mobilities of natural single crystals of iron pyrite with carrier concentrations of approximately ${10}^{18}$/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ were found to be approximately 100 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/volt-sec for electrons and 1 for holes. Resistivity as a function of temperature was measured on six samples in the range from -196\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C to 403\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C; from this measurement the width of the forbidden band was estimated to be 1.2 ev.
Fiction, modality and dependent abstracta

Definition d'une theorie modale de la fiction propre a resoudre les deux problemes suivants: 1) quelle sorte de mondes possibles represente un personnage fictif? 2) comment analyser le discours modal sur la fiction? Examinant les theories abstractionniste et possibiliste, ainsi que la theorie artefactuelle de la fiction, l'A. mesure la place des objets fictifs, definis comme entites abstraites dependantes, dans le cadre d'une ontologie des mondes possibles
The cow-calf industry and water quality in South Florida, USA: a review

Animal agriculture is often suggested as an important cause of water quality problems. This paper evaluates existing literature on the potential impacts of cow-calf production systems on water quality in South Florida, and provides a critical overview of the major gaps and limitations in the literature and present suggestions for future directions. Discrepancies in the literature suggest that there is a high degree of uncertainty associated with early estimates of the relative contribution of cow-calf operations to water quality problems in south Florida. Despite the extensive body of literature on this subject, limited information is available on the sources of P to the watershed and the relationship between land use, transport potential, water management, and climatic conditions controlling P loading. In addition, the relationships between urbanization, changes in land use, and potential impacts on water quality are important issues that have received little attention. Efforts should be placed on generating sound, science-based information about the real contribution of grazinglands to water quality issues. Maintaining and enhancing grazinglands and the natural resources associated with cow-calf ranches is essential to preserve Florida’s unique ecosystems.
Effects of exposure to external ionizing radiation on cancer mortality in nuclear workers monitored for radiation at rocketdyne/atomics international

Background and Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted to estimate the effects of low-level exposure to external (penetrating) radiation on cancer mortality among 4,563 workers monitored for external radiation between 1950 and 1993 at a nuclear research and production facility in Southern California. Results Of the 875 deaths that occurred before 1995, 258 were due to cancer as the underlying cause. External comparisons of male subjects with the U.S. white male population indicated that the workers had lower rates of dying from all causes and all cancers, but a higher rate of dying from leukemia. Internal comparisons of workers exposed at different dose levels, using risk-set analyses with adjustment for confounders, demonstrated an increased mortality rate in workers exposed to 200 mSv for hemato- and lymphopoietic cancers and for lung cancer. Mortality rates for total cancers and “radiosensitive” solid cancers increased monotonically with cumulative radiation dose, but no trends were observed for “nonradiosensitive” cancers. Conclusions Despite possible residual confounding and low precision for estimating effects on specific cancers, these findings indicate that chronic, low-level radiation exposure may have more generalized carcinogenic effects than have been observed in most previous investigations. Such effects may have become evident as a result of the relatively long follow-up period in the present study. Am. J. Ind. Med. 35:21–31, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A factor analysis of life satisfaction, adjustment and morale measures with elderly adults.

Seven frequently used measures of life satisfaction, adjustment and morale were subjected to the techniques of construct validation. Data for the analysis was obtained from 259 people over the age of sixty who represented three clusters: nursing home residents, homebound older people and “community” aged. The data were analyzed through Alpha factor analysis methods. Items from six of the seven measures were found on the two factors that best represented the conceptual area of life satisfaction.
The impact of environmental dynamism on strategic information systems technical and personnel resources planning

This study tested the effect of environmental uncertainty on Strategic Information Systems Planning (SISP), and of SISP on SISP success. A questionnaire operationalised SISP as technical and personnel planning; environmental uncertainty as changeability and unpredictability; and success as alignment, analysis, and cooperation. A postal survey collected data from 161 IS executives. A quickly changing environment predicted technical and personnel resources planning. An unpredictable environment predicted personnel resources planning. Both technical and personnel resources planning predicted SISP success. The research highlighted the impact of environmental dynamism on SISP, and of both technical and personnel resources planning on SISP success.
Polarity within beneficence. Additional thoughts on nonaggressive obstetric management.

CHERVENAK and McCullough 1 continue carefully to climb the slippery slope, searching for secure stopping places between the poles. At one extreme are the evolving-world moral relativists, rallied 'round the flag of quality of life. They are inclined to be consequentialists, concerned with reasonably predictable results of action in the here and now. At the other end are the fixed-world moral absolutists, bearing the banner of sanctity of life. They are inclined to be deontologists, concerned with axioms based on values often but not always established by faith. By one group Chervenak and McCullough will be commended for endorsing a reasoned use of available technology to prognosticate and thereby select the statistically appropriate treatment for a fetus-patient. This technique involves a palatable mixture of high-tech sonography and genetics seasoned with high-touch ethics, including a dollop of autonomy and a dash of beneficence. By the other group
National Women’s Knowledge of Stroke Warning Signs, Overall and by Race/Ethnic Group

Background and Purpose—Recognition of stroke warning signs may reduce treatment delays. The purpose of this study was to evaluate contemporary knowledge of stroke warning signs and knowledge to call 9-1-1, among a nationally representative sample of women, overall and by race/ethnic group. Methods—A study of cardiovascular disease awareness was conducted by the American Heart Association in 2012 among English-speaking US women ≥25 years identified through random-digit dialing (n=1205; 54% white, 17% black, 17% Hispanic, and 12% other). Knowledge of stroke warning signs, and what to do first if experiencing stroke warning signs, was assessed by standardized open-ended questions. Results—Half of women surveyed (51%) identified sudden weakness/numbness of face/limb on one side as a stroke warning sign; this did not vary by race/ethnic group. Loss of/trouble talking/understanding speech was identified by 44% of women, more frequently among white versus Hispanic women (48% versus 36%; P<0.05). Fewer than 1 in ...
Expanding cochlear implant technology: combined electrical and acoustical speech processing

(2004). Expanding cochlear implant technology: combined electrical and acoustical speech processing. Cochlear Implants International: Vol. 5, No. sup1, pp. 8-14.
An experimental graphics system with natural language input

Abstract An experimental graphics system is described which allows interaction through natural language and touches on the screen. Artificial Intelligence techniques for processing language and representing knowledge are investigated as adequate tools with which to construct a habitable graphics system. The system is evaluated and conclusions presented.
A single receptor identical with that from intestine/T47D cells mediates the action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 in HL-60 cells.

Abstract Two anti-vitamin D receptor monoclonal antibodies binding to two different epitopes immunoprecipitate 100% of the HL-60 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 binding activity, while another monoclonal antibody specific for the porcine receptor precipitates none. Using a rat receptor cDNA probe, a single mRNA species of 4.6 kb was detected by Northern analysis of HL-60 mRNA. Using a cDNA probe from the cloned rat receptor, 10 7 recombinants from a λgt11 cDNA library constructed from mRNA isolated from HL-60 cells was screened yielding two positive clones. These clones had sequences identical with the known human receptor sequence from intestinal/T47D sources. Using PCR technology, the entire sequence of the HL-60 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 receptor was determined. This sequence was found identical with that reported for the human intestinal/T47D cDNA encoding the vitamin D receptor except for a single base. The substitution of this particular base does not alter the amino acid sequence however. Thus, the same receptor likely operates in differentiation and calcium transport functions.
Digital ghosts, global capitalism and social change

This article traces the importance of colonial legacies for theorizing speculative capitalism by thinking from the use of digital media by indigenous social movements in the Andes. Indeed, rather than marginal to global capitalism, I maintain that indigenous peoples and media activists are at the forefront of experimenting with political and economic alternatives to capitalism. I argue that the racialized body remains tangible as digital media are read and used akin to older, analogue technology and its ‘writing of light.’ The desires for truth and corporeality in indigenous media point to the existence of borders from which alternatives to the current capitalist order are imagined and enacted. Similarly, in indigenous films speculative capitalism betrays its colonial constitution that ties it back to modern/colonial economic forms, rather than creating an entirely novel break with the past. In light of indigenous media digital images and the notion of immaterial labor are haunted by similar, colonial ghosts.
Presiding Bishop Katharine Jefferts Schori and Possibilities for a Progressive Civility

Some recent scholarship about civility suggests that civility is incompatible with social justice politics because it marginalizes dissent. This essay illustrates the progressive potential of civility though an analysis of the rhetoric of Katharine Jefferts Schori, the current presiding bishop of the Episcopal Church and first woman to hold the post. I argue that Jefferts Schori forges a progressive civility by casting a vision for the church and rhetorically transcending controversies, thereby subordinating tense issues. Especially when Jefferts Schori responds to difficult topics, she treats people who disagree with her with respect and dignity, consistent with her liberatory vision.
Metals joining in the deep ocean

Needs, diving system limitations and pressure related technical problems are considered in an examination of deep ocean metals joining technology. Methods will soon be needed to repair structures at depths exceeding 300 meters but existing arc welding processes are limited in depth by pressure effects acting both on the diver and on the arc. Joining devices being developed for salvage operations are not constrained by diving considerations but are not adequate for most repair and construction work. New processes suitable for remote operation yet versatile enough for practical application are needed.
Intracardiac varices of the right atrium: a case report and review of the literature

Two broad-based masses arising along the right atrial septum in a 31-year-old man were detected by transesophageal echocardiography and were thought to represent partially calcified myxomas. However, at operation they were cystic structures filled with blood and calcific nodules. Microscopically, they represented varices with phleboliths. Angiography and ultrafast computed tomography may help distinguish this entity from myxomas and other right atrial intracavitary masses.
A model procedure for the transfer of TLC pharmaceutical product screening methods designed for use in developing countries to quantitative HPTLC-densitometry methods

Summary Transfer of four rapid thin-layer chromatography (TLC) screening methods used to detect substandard and counterfeit pharmaceutical products to quantitative high-performance TLC (HPTLC)-densitometry methods is demonstrated. These methods for acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, and chlorpheniramine maleate are contained in a Compendium of methods developed by Kenyon and Layloff for use in countries with limited resources. The new quantitative methods use Merck HPTLC silica gel 60 F254 glass plates, automated standard and sample application, and automated densitometry for detection, identification, and quantification. Standard and sample solution preparation and application procedures for obtaining calibration curves and bracketed samples are described. The HPTLC plates give better efficiency, selectivity, and resolution than TLC, and the new methods overcome the deficiencies in technology related to manual application and visual zone comparison that do not allow the Compendium TLC proced...
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomerase subunit Est3 binds telomeres in a cell cycle- and Est1-dependent manner and interacts directly with Est1 in vitro.

Telomerase is a telomere dedicated reverse transcriptase that replicates the very ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomerase consists of TLC1 (the RNA template), Est2 (the catalytic subunit), and two accessory proteins, Est1 and Est3, that are essential in vivo for telomerase activity but are dispensable for catalysis in vitro. Est1 functions in both recruitment and activation of telomerase. The association of Est3 with telomeres occurred largely in late S/G2 phase, the time when telomerase acts and Est1 telomere binding occurs. Est3 telomere binding was Est1-dependent. This dependence is likely due to a direct interaction between the two proteins, as purified recombinant Est1 and Est3 interacted in vitro. Est3 abundance was neither cell cycle–regulated nor Est1-dependent. Est3 was the most abundant of the three Est proteins (84.3±13.3 molecules per cell versus 71.1±19.2 for Est1 and 37.2±6.5 for Est2), so its telomere association and/or activity is unlikely to be limited by its relative abundance. Est2 and Est1 telomere binding was unaffected by the absence of Est3. Taken together, these data indicate that Est3 acts downstream of both Est2 and Est1 and that the putative activation function of Est1 can be explained by its role in recruiting Est3 to telomeres.
Effectiveness of Hand Removal for Small-Scale Management of Japanese Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Hand removal is often recommended as a method for small-scale control of Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica Newman). In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of daily hand removal for controlling damage by Japanese beetles on grape plants. We also investigated whether the timing of the removal (at 0800, 1400, or 1900 hours, or at all 3 periods) influenced the effectiveness of the technique. We found that hand removal significantly lowered the number of beetles on, and consequently the damage to, grape plants relative to nonremoval controls. Of the single removal treatments, removal of beetles at 1900 hours was most effective, with results similar to removing beetles three times per day. The majority of beetles removed from plants during the experiment were female, a pattern that matches our understanding of aggregation formation behavior in the species, and which may serve to enhance the benefits of hand removal. Hand removal seems to work by decreasing the number of feeding beetles, which in turn reduces the release of aggregation kairomones from the plant, and subsequently decreases the attractiveness of the plant to future beetles.
The role of visual attention in multiple object tracking: evidence from ERPs.

We examined the role of visual attention in the multiple object tracking (MOT) task by measuring the amplitude of the N1 component of the event-related potential to probe flashes presented on targets, distractors, or empty background areas. We found evidence that visual attention enhances targets and suppresses distractors (Experiments 1 and 3). However, we also found that when tracking load was light (two targets and two distractors), accurate tracking could be carried out without any apparent contribution from the visual attention system (Experiment 2). Our results suggest that attentional selection during MOT is flexibly determined by task demands, as well as tracking load, and that visual attention may not always be necessary for accurate tracking.
The CaaX motif of lamin A functions in conjunction with the nuclear localization signal to target assembly to the nuclear envelope

While the nuclear lamin proteins (A, B, and C) assemble specifically at the surface of the nuclear membrane, their sequences do not reveal stretches of hydrophobic amino acids that might explain their association with the nuclear membranes. However, the A and B lamin proteins possess Ras-like C-terminal CaaX sequence motifs, which in Ras proteins are sites of hydrophobic modifications required for membrane association and function. From the analysis of single and double lamin A mutants affecting the CaaX motif, the nuclear localization signal, and higher-order assembly properties, we propose that the CaaX motif functions as a nonspecific, low affinity membrane probe for proteins ultimately segregated to specific cellular membrane systems. Committed association with specific membranes requires additional interactions with membrane-resident factors.
Review : Familial Dysautonomia: The Riley-Day Syndrome

Although individual case reports had already appeared, it remained for Riley in 1949 to recognize the common clinical features of these and his own patients as a definite disease entity.This is a review of that disease—the Riley-Day syndrome, or familial dysau tonomia. This report includes a summary of the clinical pattern, laboratory aids to diagnosis, differential diagnosis, current therapy and prognosis.
A methodology for conducting integrative mixed methods research and data analyses

Mixed methods research has gained visibility within the last few years, although limitations persist regarding the scientific caliber of certain mixed methods research designs and methods. The need exists for rigorous mixed methods designs that integrate various data analytic procedures for a seamless transfer of evidence across qualitative and quantitative modalities. Such designs can offer the strength of confirmatory results drawn from quantitative multivariate analyses, along with “deep structure” explanatory descriptions as drawn from qualitative analyses. This article presents evidence generated from over a decade of pilot research in developing an integrative mixed methods methodology. It presents a conceptual framework and methodological and data analytic procedures for conducting mixed methods research studies, and it also presents illustrative examples from the authors’ ongoing integrative mixed methods research studies.