cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Can Anyone Make a Smart Device?: Evaluating the Usability of a Prototyping Toolkit for Creative Computing

Can anyone make a smart device? Affordable sensors, actuators and novice microcomputer toolkits are the building blocks of the field we refer to as Creative Computing. With the growing maker movement, more tools are becoming available to novices, but there is little research into the usability evaluation of these toolkits. In this chapter, we discuss the importance of closing the gap between idea and prototype, the need for systematically evaluating the usability of novice toolkits, and a strategy for doing so. Specifically, the chapter presents the Tiny Device Test, a method for evaluating the usability of novice electronics toolkits. Using a standard set of building challenges based on common household electronics, we discuss methods for evaluating the Bloctopus toolkit, which was designed for novice electronics prototyping with low-resolution materials. This work aims to contribute to the idea of “making simple things simple, and complex things possible,” with prototyping toolkits of the future.
Supporting Educational Games in Higher Education: the Creation and Implementation of Custom Game Engine for a University

Interest towards implementing educational gaming into courses within higher education continues to increase, but it requires extensive amounts of resources to create individual games for each course. This paper is a description of a university’s effort to create a custom educational game engine to streamline the game development process within the university. This paper includes a discussion of the institutional effort, the game engine itself, as well as a case study of a game created with the custom FLAG (an HTML5 game engine built to run 2D games on any HTML5 compatible device) game engine to illustrate how the FLAG engine can simplify the game development process and promote game-based learning in higher education.
How does engaging with nature relate to life satisfaction? Demonstrating the link between environment-specific social experiences and life satisfaction

The natural environment contributes to human wellbeing in a variety of ways, including providing outdoor recreation venues and underpinning cultural practices. Understanding whether the diversity of human-nature experiences significantly relate to overall subjective wellbeing, however, is rarely explored. Using results from 4418 respondents to an online survey conducted in Washington's Puget Sound region, we describe the relationship between overall life satisfaction and diverse metrics of how people engage with the natural environment. We found that eleven of the thirteen tested metrics had a small but positive correlation to overall life satisfaction and specific groupings of environment-specific social indicators were internally reliable constructs that predicted life satisfaction. These included: Sense of Place, Outdoor Activities, Good Governance, Social and Cultural Activities, Psychological Wellbeing, and Resource Access. This research empirically demonstrates that a variety of mechanisms for engaging the natural environment significantly contribute to overall subjective wellbeing.
Image-enhanced endoscopy is specific for the diagnosis of non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease

Objectives: We assessed the performance characteristics of image-enhanced endoscopy with i-Scan or narrow band imaging (NBI) in patients with non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) comp...
John Daniel Runkle

(1903). John Daniel Runkle. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 10, No. 8-9, pp. 183-185.
Mean Convergence of Interpolation at Zeros of Airy Functions

The classical Erdős-Turan theorem established mean convergence of Lagrange interpolants at zeros of orthogonal polynomials. A non-polynomial extension of this was established by Ian Sloan in 1983. Mean convergence of interpolation by entire functions has been investigated by Grozev, Rahman, and Vertesi. In this spirit, we establish an Erdős-Turan theorem for interpolation by entire functions at zeros of the Airy function.
3.2 – The Action Potential

This chapter begins with a discussion of the motor neuron as a classic example of excitable cells that use action potentials. It shows how outward currents hyperpolarize the cell in predictable ways, but that inward currents depolarize excitable cells until they reach threshold, at which time a new phenomenon, the action potential, occurs. It describes the character of the action potential: all or none, shorter latency with increasing stimulus strength, threshold, absolute and relative refractory periods. It then describes how voltage-dependent changes in ionic conductances, mainly Na+ and K+ give rise to the action potential. Characteristics of the currents such as selectivity, activation and inactivation gates (for Na+), and activation gates for K+ are discussed in the context of the Hodgkin–Huxley view. The experimental procedure of patch clamping and the concept of unitary conductances are introduced.
The Embodied Theory of Stress: A Constructionist Perspective on the Experience of Stress:

An emphasis on the physiological activity related to psychological stress is hardly novel. Considering stress from the perspective of embodiment, however, places that physiological activity in a ne...
Rethinking Sexual Agency: Proposing a Multicomponent Model Based on Young People's Life Stories.

Sexual health policies explicitly aim to encourage young people to take responsibility for their sexuality to prevent adverse outcomes such as unintended pregnancies, STIs and sexual assault. In Eu...
Grammatically-Interpretable Learned Representations in Deep NLP Models

We introduce two architectures, the Tensor Product Recurrent Network (TPRN) and the Tensor Product Generation Network (TPGN). In the application of TPRN, internal representations — learned by end-to-end optimization in a deep neural network performing a textual QA task — are interpretable using basic concepts from linguistic theory. This interpretability is achieved without paying a performance penalty. In another application, image-to-text generation or image captioning, TPGN gives better results than the state-of-the-art long short-term memory (LSTM) based approaches. Learned internal representations in the TPGN can also be interpreted as containing grammatical-role information.
African Americans and the Mississippi River: Race, history and the environment:

Long touted in literary and historical works, the Mississippi River remains an iconic presence in the American landscape. Whether referred to as ‘Old Man River’ or the ‘Big Muddy,’ the Mississippi ...
Planning, Conservation, and Education in the Pinelands National Reserve

The Pinelands National Reserve is one of the most integrated regional planning regimes for conservation in the world. Environmental protection is overlapped by the State Pinelands Area, the Pinelands National Reserve, and the New Jersey Pinelands Biosphere Reserve (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). Stockton University, a 4-year state university with an 800-hectare campus operates within this mix of preservation and working landscape. In the Environmental Studies program, faculty engage students in the outdoor classroom to study the complexities of balancing development and conservation. This case highlights the creation of the first National Reserve and a University within the protected area and focuses on students analyzing species and habitat to encourage native cavity nesting animals to return and breed in the Pinelands. Readers will be able to navigate the complexities and opportunities of working in a protected area and apply these lessons in the classroom. With this case study, instructors, researchers, and students will be able to apply the symbiotic relationship between protected region and university to other areas of the world.
Reading Museum Exhibits: Visitors’ Reading of Exhibits in Cultural Heritage Institutions and Museums

The article draws upon theoretical concepts from museology and cultural, Indigenous, and feminist theory to explore intersections between diversity and reading in Cultural Heritage Institutions and Museums (CHIM). These sites are important identity-generating institutions that both preserve and perpetuate ideology and culture. Visitors read and “read into” exhibits—which are often primarily visual; it is therefore crucial for CHIMs to practice self-awareness in how they do, or do not, make information legible. Modern museums were reformist, generalized, authoritative, monologic, and definitive arbiters of culture; in these spaces, visitors necessarily read information in a cognitively passive manner. Postmodern museums, at their best, are pedagogical, decentralized, constructive, dialogic, and representative of diverse voices, experiences, and perspectives. Postmodern museums invite visitors to engage with, and sometimes even collaborate with, or contribute to, exhibits. In both instances, visitors are asked to “read” the exhibits, but in the former, reading is a unidirectional, and therefore final, transmission; in the latter, reading is a discursive, transformative process, with potential to empower. The article proposes a non-proscriptive, Indigenous, and intersectional feminist paradigm as a more equitable information-framing model for CHIM.
Drawing a Link Between Genetic Inheritance and Meiosis: A Set of Exercises for the Undergraduate Biology Classroom

Alleles are passed from parent to offspring through meiotic cell division and subsequent fusion of gametes. Despite this important link, general biology courses at the high school and college levels frequently discuss meiosis and genetic inheritance as two distinct content areas. As a consequence, students may leave biology courses with a working knowledge of both meiosis and genetic inheritance in isolation rather than understanding them as interconnected topics. In this paper, we describe and provide a series of classroom exercises that prompt students to explore the connection between meiosis and genetic inheritance. Specifically, students draw cells containing chromosomes with labeled alleles to illustrate key steps in the formation of gametes during meiosis and the subsequent fusion of gametes during fertilization. We believe that this approach is appropriate for either group or individual work, during or outside of class time, and we describe potential benefits for students and instructors.
Black/White Differences in the Treatment and Outcomes of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma: A Matched Cohort Analysis.

Abstract Abstract 1392 Poster Board I-414 Background: While African-Americans have a lower incidence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) than Whites (W) in the United States, there appear to be racial differences in clinical features, the use of chemoimmunotherapy(Flowers, AACR 2008), and treatment outcomes. However, previous analyses have been hampered by limited numbers of Black (B) patients (pts); lack of direct clinical information on pathology, prognostic factors, treatment, and outcomes; limited follow-up; or all three. Methods: To examine B/W differences in the use of CHOP-based chemotherapy vs. rituximab CHOP (RCHOP), we performed a retrospective, matched cohort analysis comparing the impact of race, on presenting features, treatment, and outcomes in a clinical setting with detailed data ascertainment from pathology, clinical, and pharmacy records. Patients diagnosed with DLBCL from 1981 to 2009 were identified from Emory pathology and medical records using previously published methods (Graiser, Cancer Informatics 2007). Baseline demographic data, components of the International Prognostic Index (IPI: age, performance status, lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], number of extranodal sites involved, stage), insurance status, employment status, treatment and survival data were extracted. Differences by race in baseline features and treatment category (CHOP vs. RCHOP) were analyzed using Chi-squared statistical analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed for the entire population and cohorts matched by IPI, age, and year of diagnosis, to determine predictors of RCHOP use, 2-year and 5-year overall survival (OS). Cox regression was used to analyze the predictors of OS. Results: A total of 531 (348 W and 107 B) pts with a confirmed diagnosis of DLBCL were identified. The median age of diagnosis for B was significantly less than that for W pts (median age 46 (range: 18–87) vs. 56 (range: 18–86), respectively; p Conclusions: These data corroborate findings that B pts present with DLBCL at a younger age. In the setting of a single institution referral center with detailed ascertainment of treatment, there do not appear to be racial differences in RCHOP use or outcomes. Since IPI, age, and year of treatment may influence treatment selection and outcomes, matching cohorts on these factors is necessary when examining B/W differences. Disclosures: Flowers: Amos Medical Faculty Development Program grant from the American Society of Hematology/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation: Research Funding.
The plight of civic parties in divided societies

Civic political parties in divided societies occupy an ambiguous place in the power-sharing literature. Scholarship tends to focus on ethnic parties and assumes civic actors to be marginal. The emp...
Big data analytics for supply chain relationship in banking

Abstract This paper reports how a commercial bank in Asia uses big data analytic as a tool to explore the internal B2B data to improve supply chain finance and the efficiency of marketing tactics and campaigns. A case study was conducted by analyzing two types of supply chain relationships: (1) supply chain relationships in the credit reports; (2) e-wiring transactions among supply chain companies. The results show that big data analytics is very useful in terms of improving the commercial banks' marketing and risk management performances. The case study also set a good example for B2B firms seeking to understand how they could leverage big data analytics to differentiate customer solutions, sustain profitability and generate new business values. Theorical and practical implications are also discussed.
The Global Commons and National Security

Deterioration of the global environment, in part a result of runaway human population growth, is a major threat to the security of all nations. Rapid change in the atmospheric commons that (among other things) will alter climate and decrease agricultural productivity, is a key component of that threat. Gaining control of that commons will involve some degree of surrender of national sovereignty, an insinuation of a form of world government from below, rather than (as in the standard model) an imposition of authority from above. A substantial diversion of funds from military enterprises that decrease security to attempting to maintain the habitability of Earth is urgently needed.
POINT COUNTER POINT: INTERPRETING CHIPPED CHERT BIFACES IN TERMINAL CLASSIC “PROBLEMATIC” ON-FLOOR DEPOSITS FROM STRUCTURES A2 AND A3 AT CAHAL PECH, BELIZE

Problematic deposits, containing different types of artifacts and skeletal remains, are typically recovered on or near the surfaces of the terminal phase of elite civic-ceremonial architecture at ancient Maya sites. These contexts often date to the Terminal Classic period (~a.d. 750–900). They have been variously interpreted as evidence for site abandonment, squatting, warfare, or dedication or termination rituals. Sixteen chert bifaces were recovered from problematic deposits at the bases of Structures A2 and A3 in the elite Plaza A at Cahal Pech, Belize. Stone tools from problematic deposits are rarely examined in significant detail. Based on stylistic, metric, and use-wear analyses, the bifaces were likely produced locally, used during important hunting or warfare activities, and then ritually deposited in the Terminal Classic. These bifaces were likely hafted to spearthrower darts and represented “success” at hunting or fighting. The recovery of weaponry in problematic deposits that is not the direct result of warfare is an important observation because Mayanists have generally interpreted their presence in these contexts as evidence of warfare. The fact that the points were recovered in groups of seven and nine may indicate that they had important symbolic meanings that connected them to supernatural or mythological places or entities.
Comparison of In Vitro Mouse Serum Stability of 68Ga-Labeled PSMA Targeting Conjugates of Acyclic and Macrocyclic Chelators

1097 Objectives: The objective of the present work was (1) to measure and compare in vitro stability of 68Ga-labeled PSMA targeting conjugates of acyclic and macrocyclic chelators in mouse serum at 37oC, and (2) to correlate stability data with in-vivo tumor uptake in 22Rv1 xenografted mice1. The knowledge of mouse serum stability is critical for the understanding of the efficacy of a potential imaging pharmaceutical. Methods: Glu-Urea-Lys (GUL) derivatives of acyclic and macrocyclic chelators have been reported as prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) agents. In the present work, GUL was conjugated with two chelators, NOTA and DOTA, via a thiourea linker and designated as NOTA-GUL and DOTA-GUL, respectively. The well-known radioligand PSMA-11, NOTA-GUL, and DOTA-GUL were labeled with 68Ga (37-100 MBq) using a standard radiolabeling technique developed in our laboratories. 68GaCl3 was produced using a Gallia Pharm generator from Eckert & Ziegler. The 68Ga-labeled PSMA conjugates were analyzed and mouse serum stability was monitored by using a reversed-phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method. In a typical stability study, a 68Ga-labeled conjugate sample was incubated with mouse serum for 4 hours at 37 °C and the sample was injected onto a RP-HPLC column at a predefined time intervals. Progress of the degradation of the 68Ga-labeled PSMA conjugate in mouse serum was monitored by monitoring area of the main peak with time. Control experiments were performed in each case by monitoring degradation of 68Ga-labeled NOTA-GUL, DOTA-GUL, and PSMA-11 in Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS). Results: Efficiency of 68Ga-labeling of NOTA-GUL, DOTA-GUL, and PSMA-11 was achieved >96% with > 99% purity. No degradation of 68Ga-labeled PSMA-11 and NOTA-GUL was observed after 4 h incubation in mouse serum. On the contrary, degradation (mainly demetalation) of 68Ga-labelded DOTA-GUL was seen even after 1 h incubation and reaching up to 8% after 4 h incubation. Consistent with the human serum stability study,1 mouse serum stability of 68Ga-labeled PSMA conjugates followed the order: PSMA-11~NOTA-GUL >DOTA-GUL. A similar trend was observed in the in-vivo tumor uptake (%ID/g) in 22Rv1 xenografted mice 1 h post-injection,i.e 6.5, 5.4, and 4.66 for PSMA-11, NOTA-GUL, and DOTA-GUL, respectively. Interestingly, in the present work 68Ga-labeled DOTA-GUL is less inert than the 68Ga-labeled PSMA-11 in mouse serum. Conclusions: In summary, the in-vitro mouse serum stability of the three of 68Ga-Labeled PSMA targeting conjugates of acyclic and macrocyclic chelators follow the order PSMA-11~ NOTA-GUL >DOTA-GUL which reflects in the in-vivo tumor uptake in preclinical mice model.1Ref. Moon S-H, Hong MK, Kim YJ et al. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26: 2501-2507.
Two-dimensional versus three-dimensional measurement of infant cervical active motion.

Upright infant active cervical motion (ACM) is difficult to measure accurately by a single examiner. Clinically, physical therapists use visual estimation, which has limited reliability and concurr...
Electrochemical Sensing of Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) Using Ambient Oxygen in River Water

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are an emerging class of pervasive and harmful micropollutant. Next-generation sensors are necessary to detect PFAS at sub-nanomolar levels. Electrochemistry can measure analyte concentrations at sub-10 nM levels and offers a deployable platform; however, the lack of chemical reactivity of PFAS species requires electrode surface functionalization with a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). Previously, such sensors have required a well-characterized one-electron mediator (i.e., ferrocene carboxylic acid or ferrocene methanol) for detection. Natural waterways do not have an abundance of ferrocenyl compounds for quantification, implying that these mediators limit sensor practicality, deployability, and cost. Here, we take advantage of ambient oxygen present in river water to quantify one of the more harmful PFAS molecules, perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), from 0 to 0.5 nM on a MIP-modified carbon substrate. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) generated calibration curves for PFOS in river water using oxygen as the mediator. Importantly, we show that electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is superior to voltammetric techniques: like ultramicroelectrodes, this technique can be used in low-conductivity matrices like river water with high reproducibility. Further, impedance provides a PFOS limit of detection of 3.4 pM. We also demonstrate that the common interferents humic acid and chloride do not affect the sensor signal. These results are a necessary step forward in developing deployable sensors that act as a first line of defense for detecting PFAS contamination at its earliest onset.
Electron Redistribution within the Nitrogenase Active Site FeMo-Cofactor During Reductive Elimination of H2 to Achieve N≡N Triple-Bond Activation.

Nitrogen fixation by nitrogenase begins with the accumulation of four reducing equivalents at the active-site FeMo-cofactor (FeMo-co), generating a state (denoted E4(4H)) with two [Fe-H-Fe] bridging hydrides. Recently, photolytic reductive elimination (re) of the E4(4H) hydrides showed that enzymatic re of E4(4H) hydride yields an H2-bound complex (E4(H2,2H)), in a process corresponding to a formal 2-electron reduction of the metal-ion core of FeMo-co. The resulting electron-density redistribution from Fe-H bonds to the metal ions themselves enables N2 to bind with concomitant H2 release, a process illuminated here by QM/MM molecular dynamics simulations. What is the nature of this redistribution? Although E4(H2,2H) has not been trapped, cryogenic photolysis of E4(4H) provides a means to address this question. Photolysis of E4(4H) causes hydride-re with release of H2, generating doubly reduced FeMo-co (denoted E4(2H)*), the extreme limit of the electron-density redistribution upon formation of E4(H2,2H). Here we examine the doubly reduced FeMo-co core of the E4(2H)* limiting-state by 1H, 57Fe, and 95Mo ENDOR to illuminate the partial electron-density redistribution upon E4(H2,2H) formation during catalysis, complementing these results with corresponding DFT computations. Inferences from the E4(2H)* ENDOR results as extended by DFT computations include (i) the Mo-site participates negligibly, and overall it is unlikely that Mo changes valency throughout the catalytic cycle; and (ii) two distinctive E4(4H) 57Fe signals are suggested as associated with structurally identified "anchors" of one bridging hydride, two others with identified anchors of the second, with NBO-analysis further identifying one anchor of each hydride as a major recipient of electrons released upon breaking Fe-H bonds.
Dalit/black solidarity: Comrades in the struggle for racial/caste justice

India’s struggle for caste justice has been likened by many to the struggle for racial justice in the United States. Small wonder then, that the activists who spearheaded the movement for caste jus...
Mapping Heat Vulnerability Index Based on Different Urbanization Levels in Nebraska, USA

Heatwaves cause excess mortality and physiological impacts on humans throughout the world, and climate change will intensify and increase the frequency of heat events. Many adaptation and mitigation studies use spatial distribution of highly vulnerable local populations to inform heat reduction and response plans. However, most available heat vulnerability studies focus on urban areas with high heat intensification by Urban Heat Islands (UHIs). Rural areas encompass different environmental and socioeconomic issues that require alternate analyses of vulnerability. We categorized Nebraska census tracts into four urbanization levels, then conducted factor analyses on each group and captured different patterns of socioeconomic vulnerabilities among resultant Heat Vulnerability Indices (HVIs). While disability is the major component of HVI in two urbanized classes, lower education, and races other than white have higher contributions in HVI for the two rural classes. To account for environmental vulnerability of HVI, we considered different land type combinations for each urban class based on their percentage areas and their differences in heat intensifications. Our results demonstrate different combinations of initial variables in heat vulnerability among urban classes of Nebraska and clustering of high and low heat vulnerable areas within the highest urbanized sections. Less urbanized areas show no spatial clustering of HVI. More studies with separation on urbanization level of residence can give insights into different socioeconomic vulnerability patterns in rural and urban areas, while also identifying changes in environmental variables that better capture heat intensification in rural settings.
Performance of U.S. hybrid distributed energy systems: Solar photovoltaic, battery and combined heat and power

Abstract Until recently, the relatively high levelized cost of electricity from solar photovoltaic (PV) technology limited deployment; however, recent cost reductions, combined with various financial incentives and innovative financing techniques, have made PV fully competitive with conventional sources in many American regions. In addition, the costs of electrical storage have also declined enough to make PV + battery systems potentially economically viable for a mass-scale off-grid low-emission transition. However, many regions in the U.S. (e.g. Northern areas) cannot have off-grid PV systems without prohibitively large battery systems. Small-scale combined heat and power (CHP) systems provide a potential solution for off-grid power backup of residential-scale PV + battery arrays, while also minimizing emissions from conventional sources. Thus, an opportunity is now available to maximize the use of solar energy and gain the improved efficiencies possible with CHPs to deploy PV + battery + CHP systems throughout the U.S. The aim of this study is to determine the technical viability of such systems by simulating PV + battery + CHP hybrid systems deployed in three representative regions in the U.S., using the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) Pro Microgrid Analysis tool. The results show that the electricity generated by each component of the hybrid system can be coupled to fulfill the residential load demand. A sensitivity analysis of these hybrid off grid systems is carried out as a function capacity factor of both the PV and CHP units. The results show that conservatively sized systems are technically viable in any continental American climate and the details are discussed to provide guidance for both design and deployment of PV + battery + CHP hybrid systems to reduce consumer costs, while reducing energy- and electricity-related emissions.
Ghosts in the Consulting Room: A Discussion of Anson's “Ghosts in the Dressing Room”

This paper discusses Andrew Anson's “Ghosts in the Dressing Room,” providing an opportunity to discuss therapist self-disclosure and responses it may provoke in psychodynamic psychotherapy. Freud discouraged self-disclosure, his “blank screen” model based on a belief that the best way for therapists to understand libidinal transferences was to reveal nothing directly to patients. Freud's close follower Sandor Ferenczi eventually became critical of analytic opacity, arguing therapist self-disclosure was often necessary and healing for traumatized patients. Although Freud's libido theory is no longer considered relevant to psychotherapy training, his blank screen model still persists. However, there is little empirical evidence supporting nondisclosure as a superior therapeutic technique compared to self-disclosure. Nevertheless, since Freud and Ferenczi's time, self-disclosure has been controversial due to unexamined beliefs, ideology, and allegiances to particular analytic schools of thought. The dilemma ...
Self-organizing maps for time series analysis of electromyographic data

In the present work, time series analysis is used for simultaneous analysis of multiple channels of data, and to define complex inter- and intra-channel features of electromyographic (EMG) data for pattern classification. The ability to objectively quantify differences in complex patterns of EMG data has potential value for clinical and research applications. In this report, an unsupervised clustering neurocomputational approach, self-organizing maps (SOM), was applied to the problem of time series analysis of EMG data to provide a means to objectively quantify differences in muscle activity patterns related to differences in the underlying movement task, ambulation at different velocities and cadences on a treadmill. The SOM technique provided a means to discern differences between LEEMG data from the different ambulation tasks. In addition, observation of the weight vector associated with each SOM cluster in comparison to the ensemble averaged LEEMG for each condition helped determine underlying task-related changes in LEEMG patterns.
Are We Cruising a Hypothesis Space

This paper is about Information Geometry, a relatively new subject within mathematical statistics that attempts to study the problem of inference by using tools from modern differential geometry. This paper provides an overview of some of the achievements and possible future applications of this subject to physics.
Thick-Liquid Blanket Configuration and Response for the HIF Point Design

This paper describes the thick-liquid blanket system of the Robust Point Design (RPD-2002). RPD-2002 is the first self-consistent description of a heavy-ion fusion accelerator, final focus, target, magnet shielding, and thick-liquid blanket design. The 120 beams are delivered to the target from two sides, in 9x9 arrays, with 5.4 deg. between rows giving a maximum beam angle from the target axis of 24 deg. The chamber employs thick-liquid protection, using liquid jets that have been demonstrated to have the required geometric precision in scaled water experiments. Other aspects of the chamber design, not directly related to the beam-line shielding, have been kept the same as the HYLIFE-II design.
Absence of Measurable Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase Activity from Leukocytes of Patients with Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia

Leukocyte phosphatase activity was determined over a broad pH range. Using this procedure, we found no alkaline phosphatase activity in leukocytes from three patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia. The low values usually reported for this disease are actually attributable to acid phosphatase activity, which is slight but measurable at alkaline pH.
Kreative Mimesis. E. T. A. Hoffmanns Die Jesuiterkirche in G.

Dieser Artikel behandelt Aspekte der Kunsttheorie in E. T. A. Hoffmanns Erzahlung Die Jesuiterkirche in G. und zeigt, wie Hoffmann Elemente klassischer und romantischer Kunstdiskurse in die Lebensgeschichte seines Kunstlers integriert. Hoffmann erkennt das narrative und dramatische Potential dieser theoretischen Diskurse und aktualisiert es in einer Kunstlerbiographie, die einen spannungsreichen Gegensatz zwischen Bildungsroman und Offenbarungserzahlung inszeniert. Wenn Hoffmann eine Kunst-Problematik wie die platonische Mimesis im Rahmen einer asthetischen Theorie wie die Wackenroders diskutiert, geht es ihm nicht nur darum, erzahlerische Modelle zu erneuern; vielmehr benutzt er die Narration dazu, die asthetischen Anliegen seiner Zeit zu erforschen, indem er den Abstand untersucht, der klassische Nachahmungstheorien von romantischen Kunsttheorien (welche den Ausdruck der Subjektivitat privilegieren) trennt.
Pyruvate Carboxylase and Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Activity in Leukocytes and Fibroblasts from a Patient with Pyruvate Carboxylase Deficiency

Pyruvate Carboxylase and Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Activity in Leukocytes and Fibroblasts from a Patient with Pyruvate Carboxylase Deficiency
Edge yielding in poly(vinyl chloride) films

Samples of thin, unplasticized PVC films were fatigued to rupture in nitrogen and ethanol vapor. Examination of the fracture surface edges showed unusual yielding due to the proximity of an unconstrained surface. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) photomicrographs show several indications of supermolecular order in these highly oriented edges and possibly in the relatively unoriented bulk material.
The role of moral disengagement in the enjoyment of real and fictional characters

According to affective disposition theory, individuals continually monitor and judge characters' actions and form attitudes about characters based on these judgements. However, much entertainment content features characters that do immoral things. It has been proposed that individuals are able to like these characters despite their immoral behaviours through the process of moral disengagement. This study examined how the propensity to morally disengage and the fictionality of a narrative affected individuals' acceptance of immoral behaviours and their overall enjoyment of a narrative. Findings indicate that character liking mediates the relationship between moral disengagement and enjoyment. In addition, the propensity to morally disengage predicts actual moral disengagement, but moral disengagement is unaffected by the realness or fictionality of the narrative. Implications of the findings for entertainment research are discussed.
Neuroscience and the Multiple Realization of Cognitive Functions

Many empirically minded philosophers have used neuroscientific data to argue against the multiple realization of cognitive functions in existing biological organisms. I argue that neuroscientists themselves have proposed a biologically based concept of multiple realization as an alternative to interpreting empirical findings in terms of one‐to‐one structure‐function mappings. I introduce this concept and its associated research framework and also how some of the main neuroscience‐based arguments against multiple realization go wrong.
Calcium-membrane interactions in the myocardium: Effects of ouabain, epinephrine and 3′, 5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate

Abstract Cardiac microsomes, which represent an enriched but not pure preparation of the heart's sarcoplasmic reticulum, can remove calcium from solution by 2 kinetically dissimilar mechanisms. In the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), Ca ++ is taken up by cardiac microsomes by a process designated Ca-binding , which exhibits saturation kinetics. The rate and extent of Ca-binding, and the high affinity of the Ca-binding sites could allow this process to cause the intact cell to relax. When anions that permit Ca ++ to be precipitated within the mlcrosomal vesicles are included along with ATP, much larger amounts of Ca ++ are taken up by cardiac microsomes. This second process, designated Ca-uptake , does not follow saturation kinetics. Instead, the rate of Ca-uptake increases linearly with increasing Ca ++ concentration until Ca-uptake becomes inhibited at higher Ca ++ concentrations. The finding of 2 kinetically distinct Ca ++ transport processes in cardiac microsomes, both of which are highly active in the micromolar range of Ca ++ concentration, suggests that Ca ++ movements in the intact myocardial cell may be controlled by 2 mechanisms. It is suggested that one of these, possibly manifest in vitro as Ca-binding, represents an intracellular release site that initiates systole by delivering Ca ++ to the contractile proteins. The second process, possibly manifest in vitro as Ca-uptake, is suggested to represent the uptake of Ca ++ into an intracellular storage site whose Ca ++ content indirectly determines the amount of Ca ++ that is delivered to the contractile proteins. These 2 intracellular Ca ++ pools can be tentatively related to Ca ++ movements into and out of the myocardial cell, permitting the formulation of a model by which a number of inotropic interventions might modulate myocardial contractility. Cardiac glycosides had no detectible effect on either cardiac microsomal Ca-binding or Ca-uptake. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which by itself was without effects on cardiac microsomes, more than doubled the rate of Ca-uptake in the presence of a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. The resulting increase in rate of Ca-uptake could explain the actions of epinephrine to enhance contractility at the same time that systole is abbreviated.
CO hydrogenation over well-dispersed carbon-supported iron catalysts

It became apparent that carbon-supported iron systems were quite interesting and a broader base was required for comparison, so catalysts composed of iron dispersed on graphitized carbon, carbon blacks, and activated carbons were prepared. In contradiction to earlier studies of Fe/carbon CO hydrogenation catalysts, these carbon-supported iron samples were very active, and they typically had higher activities and olefin/paraffin ratios than unpromoted Fe/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ catalysts. In addition, an aqueous impregnation technique was developed which allowed the preparation of very highly dispersed iron on certain carbons. These iron/carbon catalysts could be placed in two general groups: one with high dispersion (HD) and one with low dispersion (LD). These reduced catalysts exhibited extremely interesting chemisorption behavior at 300 K - hydrogen chemisorption either did not occur or was very low while CO chemisorption always occurred, with very large CO uptakes existing in some cases indicating the presence of very small iron particles (i.e., high dispersions). In addition to these chemisorption properties, significant differences existed in catalytic behavior which could be correlated with the crystallite size of the iron. This note describes these variations in catalytic properties.
Sexual and physical revictimization among victims of severe childhood sexual abuse.

Abstract Objective This 15-year prospective, longitudinal study examines adolescent and young-adult female self-reports of traumatic sexual and physical experiences occurring subsequent to substantiated childhood sexual abuse— re victimizations ( N = 89). Method These incidences were contrasted to sexual and physical victimizations reported by a group of non-abused comparison females ( N = 90). Results Abused females were almost twice as likely to have experienced sexual revictimization (odds = 1.99 ± 2.79, p p Conclusion Early childhood sexual abuse may provide information regarding the level of risk for recurrent sexual and physical victimization.
Interpretation and the Therapeutic Relationship: An Attempt at Integration

The term integrative psychotherapy can have a range of meanings. It can refer to integration between therapeutic approaches grounded in different theoretical frameworks as exemplified in Wachtel’s (Psychoanalysis and behavior therapy: toward an integration. Basic Books, New York, 1977) Psychoanalysis and Behavior Therapy. Many therapists informally practice this sort of integration when, in response to problems and issues presented by the patient, they intuitively borrow from a variety of approaches in their clinical work. Therapeutic integration can also refer to attempts at integration within a single broad therapeutic approach such as psychoanalytic or psychodynamic. This is the direction I will take in this article. My goal in this paper is to contribute to the possibility of integration among different theoretical approaches within psychoanalysis in a delimited area. The delimited area that I will focus on is the tension between an emphasis on interpretation and insight versus an emphasis on the therapeutic relationship as the primary agent of therapeutic change. Rather than an “either-or” position, I will show that integrating theories about both aspects of this process leads to a richer, more complex picture of what happens in psychodynamically-informed therapy.
Activation features of intraepithelial γδ T-cells of the murine vagina

Abstract The epithelium of the murine vagina contains a resident population of γδ T-cells that expresses a homogenous V-4.Vδ1 TCR lacking N-region junctional diversity, implying that these T-cells recognize a very limited array of antigenic structures. The vaginal γδ T-cells express a pattern of surface markers characteristic of memory/effector T-cells that have previously been activated. Although vaginal γδ T-cells do not express the major costimulatory molecules CD28 and CD2, they do proliferate in response to a systemically delivered anti γδ TCR stimulus. Vaginal γδ T-cells contain mRNA that encodes the keratinocyte growth factor raising the possibility that these cells play a role in the repair of vaginal epithelium following injury. While the antigen recognized by the vaginal γδ TCR is unknown, a model is proposed which attempts to relate some of the unusual phenotypic features of vaginal γδ T-cells to the physiological injury and shedding of vaginal epithelium that occurs during the estrous cycle.
The National Institutes of Health investment in research on botanicals

The Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) and the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) were both established by Congress in the 1990s. ODS aims to strengthen knowledge and understanding of dietary supplements (DS). NCCAM promotes exploration of complementary and alternative medicine in the context of rigorous science. Together, they developed the Botanical Research Centers Program to promote interdisciplinary study of botanicals, particularly those found in DS, by supporting research activities ranging from plant and characterization to preclinical and early-phase clinical studies. These Centers are part of the coordinated efforts of ODS and NCCAM to enhance botanical research.
Failure Avoidance Motivation in a Goal-Setting Situation

This study examines the relationships among failure avoidance, performance, and related variables in a goal-setting situation. Failure avoidance has been relatively ignored in research investigatin...
Stability condition in a thermoplastic constitutive model accomodating yield surface motion and distortion

Abstract Using the Gibbs free energy, inequalities ensuring thermodynamic stability are formulated and applied to a class of thermoplastic constitutive models capable of describing combined isotropic and kinematic hardening. The Drucker [1959] criterion for stability of inelastic continuum emerges as a special case. A one-dimensional example is given for which a temperature range is determined in which stability of equilibrium is assured.
Imperatives, phantom pains, and hallucination by presupposition

Several authors have recently argued that the content of pains (and bodily sensations more generally) is imperative rather than descriptive. I show that such an account can help resolve competing intuitions about phantom limb pain. As imperatives, phantom pains are neither true nor false. However, phantom limb pains presuppose falsehoods, in the same way that any imperative which demands something impossible presupposes a falsehood. Phantom pains, like many chronic pains, are thus commands that cannot be satisfied. I conclude by showing that some of the negative psychological consequences of chronic pain are a direct consequence of their imperative nature.
Production and detection of high-energy neutrinos from Cygnus X-3

Cygnus X-3 is a potent source of high-energy \ensuremath{\gamma} rays, with energies up to ${10}^{4}$ TeV. In the context of a model where these \ensuremath{\gamma} rays are produced by the collision of a high-energy proton beam with matter we calculate the flux, spectrum, and ``light curve'' of the neutrinos produced. Neutrinos with energies of 3--100 TeV may be detectable in large, underground detectors by the muons they produce in the surrounding rock.
Preparation and properties of iron-magnesium-aluminum spinel

Lattice parameter, melting point, electrical conductivity, thermal expansion, and thermal diffusivity/conductivity were measured for 0.25Fe3O4-0.75MgAl2O4 spinel. The electrical conductivity, which appears to be predominantly electronic (>1 S/m above 500 K), and the melting point (2124 K) make this material a candidate for use as an electrode for a magnetohydrodynamic generator.
Use of argon laser in the treatment of experimentally induced upper gastrointestinal bleeding in primates.

Fiberoptic-coupled, argon laser beams were directed at induced, bleeding, mucosal lesions in the stomachs and duodenums of adult rhesus monkeys. Hemostasis was achieved in all but 1 animal. No untoward effects were observed. While laser coagulation of mucosal hemorrhage has been thus found feasible in this primate model, the authors caution that further animal experimentation is needed before the method is clinically applied in man.
Globally anisotropic high porosity silica aerogels

We discuss two methods by which high porosity silica aerogels can be engineered to exhibit global anisotropy. First, anisotropy can be introduced with axial strain (i.e. axial compression). In addition, intrinsic anisotropy can result during growth and drying stages and, suitably controlled, it can be correlated with preferential radial shrinkage in cylindrical samples. We have performed small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to characterize these two types of anisotropy. We show that global anisotropy originating from either strain or shrinkage leads to optical birefringence and that optical cross-polarization studies are a useful characterization of the uniformity of the imposed global anisotropy.
Review of Paul Jones’ Chinese-Australian journeys: Records on travel, migration and settlement 1860–1975

Janis Wilton of the University of New England reviews Chinese-Australian journeys: Records on travel, migration and settlement 1860–1975 , by Paul Jones (Canberra: National Archives of Australia; 2005, pp. 286. AU$10.00).
Circadian phase of sparrows: control by light and dark.

— Sparrows (Passer domesticus) are day-active birds which exhibit circadian rhythms of perch-hopping activity. The phases of sparrow's circadian rhythms were studied following single 4 h light pulses, single 4 h dark pulses, doublet treatments of light and dark pulses, and a 10 h light pulse. The sparrows exhibited a phase response curve to 4 h light pulses with maximum phase advances (3.8 h) at CT20 and maximum phase delays(–1.3 h) at CT16. The sparrows also displayed a phase response curve to dark pulses with maximum phase advances (2.2 h) at CT16 and maximum phase delays at CTO(–0.7 h). The remaining pulses were imposed during the subjective dark-time. The 10 h pulse beginning 1 h after lights-out produced a 2.2 h phase shift. The doublet of 2 h pulses that were the “skeleton” of the 10 h pulse produced a 2.5 h phase shift. The early 2 h pulse, applied by itself resulted in a -0.4 h delay; the late 2 h pulse applied singly produced a 3.1 h advance. When an early 3 h dark pulse was imposed together with a late light pulse, the phase was advanced 3.6 h; singly the pulses produced 1.8 h and 2.7 h advances.