cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low-Coordinate Cobalt Fluoride Complexes: Synthesis, Reactions, and Production from C–F Activation Reactions

A cobalt(II) fluoride complex, [LtBuCo(μ-F)]2 [LtBu = 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenylimido)hept-4-yl], was synthesized from LtBuCo using Me3SnF via homolytic cleavage of the Sn–F bond. LtBuCo also performed the overall binuclear oxidative addition of fluorinated arenes to give [LtBuCo(μ-F)]2 and a cobalt(II) aryl complex of the corresponding fluorobenzene substrate in a 1:2 molar ratio. The C–F activation reaction has a first-order rate dependence on both cobalt and fluorobenzene concentrations. The rate is increased by meta-fluoride substituents, and slowed by ortho-fluoride substituents, suggesting electronic and steric influences on the transition state, respectively. The data are most consistent with a mechanism beginning with rate-limiting oxidative addition of the aryl fluoride to cobalt(I), followed by rapid reduction of the cobalt(III) aryl fluoride intermediate by a second molecule of LtBuCo. [LtBuCo(μ-F)]2 also reacts with Et3SiH to give the hydride complex [LtBuCo(μ-H)]2. This...
Study on Improvement of Transformation Frequency of Sugarbeet Mediated by Agrobacterium

cRIP genes were transfered into sugarbeet via Agrobacterium using petioles as explants. The factors that may affect transformation frequency were investigated, such as concentration of Kanamycin(Kan) and Cefazolin sodium(Cef), infection time and infection concentration of Agrobacterium. When infection concentration was OD=0.3-0.4 and infection time was 8-10 minutes while 100mg/L Kan and 500mg/L Cef were added into the selective medium, high transformation frequency can be obtained. A stable and efficient Agrobacterium mediated transformation system has been established.
The Spirituality of Immersion: Solidarity, Compassion, Relationship

Part of the Adult and Continuing Education and Teaching Commons, Civic and Community Engagement Commons, Community-based Learning Commons, Community-based Research Commons, Curriculum and Social Inquiry Commons, Educational Administration and Supervision Commons, Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research Commons, Educational Leadership Commons, Educational Methods Commons, Higher Education Commons, Higher Education and Teaching Commons, Leadership Studies Commons, Liberal Studies Commons, Other Religion Commons, Service Learning Commons, Social and Philosophical Foundations of Education Commons, and the Student Counseling and Personnel Services Commons
Analysis on the Unbalance of Bus Reactive Energy in Substation

The calculation and assessment of the unbalance rate of bus reactive energy is an important work in substation.This paper proposes the balance of bus reactive energy principle in substation based on the conservation of reactive power theory,and then combines the reactive energy measurement theory with it to analyze the reason of the unbalance of bus reactive energy in substation.Finally it concludes that the correct wiring of energy measurement device,the correct transformation ratio,the correct energy data reading from meter,the proper four-quadrant reactive energy combination mode of energy meter,the correct calculation methods on unbalance rate of bus reactive energy and also the minor measurement error of reactive energy should be taken in order to keep the unbalance rate of bus reactive energy within a reasonable range.
Vesicoureteral reflux in triplets.

AbstractDuring an investigation for urinary tract infections in 3-month-old triplets similar patterns of vesicoureteral reflux were noted. To our knowledge, this is the first report of vesicoureteral reflux in triplets. The patterns of inheritance in vesicoureteral reflux and the need for sibling evaluation are discussed.
The Child Child Murderer

T he term psychotic regression has fallen into disuse. It hearkens back to the days when American psychiatry was more psychoanalytic, and delusions and hallucinations were thought to represent, in part, a return to a pattern of dream-like thought seen in children and infants. Today, we are caught in a wave of increased biological research and theory in which psychosis is seen as an imbalance of chemical transmitters in the brain. My suspicion is that both ideas are simplistic; psychotic thought is probably neither a pathological return to infancy nor a simple running out of a particular neural “gasoline.”
Fundamental limits on source-localization accuracy of EEG-based neural sensing

In this paper, we obtain information-theoretic fundamental limits on attainable source-localization accuracy in Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings of the brain. To develop a systematic approach, we borrow idealized models of the human head from neuroscience literature and analyze the brain-activity to scalp “channel,” where brain activity is viewed as the input, and the recordings on the brain-surface as the output of the channel. An evaluation of the distortion-rate function at this channel's capacity is used to obtain outer (lower) bounds on attainable mean-squared reconstruction error for localizing a single dipole. These bounds can not be surpassed using any sensing algorithm and hold in the limit of infinite number of sensors. While these limits are obtained under simplistic assumptions, these are the first limits for the problem that hold for all estimation algorithms, and need to be extended to more sophisticated models for obtaining a better understanding of optimal neural interfaces and algorithms. Finally, we also provide an upper bound on the Shannon capacity of EEG-based brain-computer interfaces.
The role of subchondral bone damage in post-traumatic osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common musculoskeletal disease in the United States, is characterized by cartilage breakdown, pain, and restricted movement. Post-traumatic OA (PTOA) occurs subsequent to traumatic joint injury, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture, and makes up 12% of the overall disease burden, with healthcare costs of approximately $3 billion/year. The current paradigm for PTOA is based on the observation that joint injury affects multiple tissues, all of which may contribute to subsequent joint failure. Subchondral bone plays a significant role in PTOA, as shown by magnetic resonance imaging evidence that subchondral bone marrow lesions (BMLs) are present in 80% of ACL rupture cases immediately after joint injury. The presence of BMLs indicates an acute consequence of injury, specifically in subchondral bone, which could be targeted with preventative therapy. BMLs may be a direct representation of physical damage to bone tissue. Interestingly, microdamage is known to induce osteoclast-mediated remodeling in bone. Furthermore, the contiguous link between subchondral bone and articular cartilage may allow transport of small molecules, resulting from these remodeling processes, to cross the osteochondral junction and contribute to PTOA development. Targeting subchondral bone by inhibiting subchondral remodeling, particularly in the early phase postinjury, may be a potential approach for preventing PTOA.
The Case for Symmetry in Antidiscrimination Law

Antidiscrimination law faces a fundamental design question: the choice between symmetry and asymmetry. A symmetrical law prohibits discrimination on the basis of a trait for a universal class of persons, and for both “sides” of the trait. An asymmetrical law prohibits discrimination on the basis of one “side” of the trait, and for a limited class of persons. Current law is inconsistent in its design. For example, employment discrimination law prohibits race discrimination symmetrically (everyone is protected, and on the basis of any race), but prohibits disability discrimination asymmetrically (only the disabled are protected, and only on the basis of disability). This critical design choice has received scant attention outside of the affirmative action context, leaving this key inconsistency in current law unexplained, and the implications unexplored. Relying on employment discrimination law and the traits of race, sex, disability, and age as core examples, this Article provides the first systematic study of this design choice. It makes the case for symmetry on three grounds: purpose, practice, and politics. As for the purpose of antidiscrimination law, this Article reaches the counterintuitive conclusion that a symmetrical design that protects everyone is effective not only at reducing classifications on the basis of protected traits, but also at improving the labor market circumstances of subordinated groups. When it comes to practice, a symmetrical law avoids challenges arising from protected-class determinations that limit plaintiffs’ ability to pursue their claims. Finally, symmetrical antidiscrimination laws are more likely to produce positive policy feedback, generating greater support for these laws. After discussing how to optimize symmetry, this Article explores further applications, including additional traits, such as appearance and sexual orientation, and additional areas of law, such as housing law, education law, and constitutional law.
Historical and modern fire regimes in piñon-juniper woodlands, Dinosaur National Monument, United States.

Twentieth-century fire exclusion has produced unnatural and undesirable changes in vegetation structure and dynamics of many rangelands of western North America, but not all kinds of ecosystems have been so affected. A comparison of the historical and modern fire regimes, especially in peripheral populations that can be particularly vulnerable to climatic change, can help guide fire management planning with information on the degree to which a local area has been altered by past fire exclusion. Historical fire rotations in pinon-juniper (Pinus edlis Engelm.-Juniperus spp. L.) woodlands vary widely across woodland types, hence management applications should be specific to local historical and modern fire characteristics. We asked if the modern fire rotation is similar to or longer than the historical fire rotation before arrival of Euro-American settlers on the northern woodland boundary in northwestern Colorado and northeastern Utah. This study was initiated by managers from Dinosaur National Monument (DINO) concerned that lack of 20th-century fire may have allowed unnatural expansion of pinon-juniper woodlands into grasslands and shrublands. Fire history analysis using dendrochronology methods suggests a historical (pre-1900) fire rotation of ca. 550 yr, comparable with or longer than many other woodlands on the Colorado Plateau. In contrast, analysis of digital fire records reveals that the fire rotation between 1981 and 2010 was substantially shorter than historical; if only natural fires are considered, the pinon-juniper fire rotation was 364 yr, and if anthropogenic fires were included, the fire rotation was 233 yr. This shorter fire rotation supports a previously documented contraction in woodland extent in DINO during the past 90 yr. Our data support reducing the amount of fire in the landscape to preserve the integrity of the natural vegetation of this and other pinon-juniper woodlands, especially under projections of warmer and drier future climates.
Constancy and Change in Bacterial Genomes

This chapter discusses general properties of the bacterial genome. The attributes that tend to remain the same and the mechanisms for introducing change are contrasted. The two opposing tendencies for constancy and change contribute to a dynamic condition in which genetic variants arise, providing diversity to bacterial populations, but at the same time conservative tendencies are at work maintaining the fitness of the organism and the essential genetic identity of each bacterial species.
Multi-load Groups Coordinated Load Control Strategy Considering Power Network Constraints

Loads with energy storage property can actively participate in power balance for power systems, this paper takes air conditioner as a controllable load example, proposing a multi-load groups coordinated load control strategy considering power network constraints. Firstly, two load control modes considering recovery of load diversity are designed, blocking power oscillation of aggregated air conditioners. As the same time, air conditioner temperature setpoint recovery control strategy is presented to avoid power recovery peak. Considering inherent characteristics of two load control modes, an coordinated load control mode is designed by combining the both. Basing on this, a multi-load groups coordinated load control strategy is proposed. During the implementing of load control, power network constraints should be satisfied. An indice which can reflect the security of power system operating is defined. By minimizing its value through optimization, the change of air conditioning loads' aggregated power on each load bus can be calculated. Simulations are conducted on an air conditioners group and New England 10-generator 39-bus system, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed multi-load groups coordinated load control strategy considering power network constraints.
Inhibitory Self-Control in Preschool Children.

Inhibitory self-control is proposed as a temperamental dimension. Soviet theory suggests that internal inhibition provides the basis for verbally regulated inhibi tion and is temperamentally determined. This relationship was investigated in 40 children aged 40 to 49 months. Significant correlations between performance on a measure of internal inhibition (spontaneous alternation) and two measures of verbally regulated inhibition (a pinball game and Simon-says) were found. Motor inhibition, measured with a drawing task, did not form part of the cluster. The cluster correlations are independent of age, although all measures show a large age effect. Age independence and generality across tasks suggest a temperamen tal basis for inhibitory self-control. Possible mechanisms are discussed.
SURVEY OF AQUATIC TURTLES ON THE SAVANNAH RIVER SITE, SOUTH CAROLINA, USA, FOR PREVALENCE OF RANAVIRUS.

ABSTRACT: Ranaviruses have the ability to infect amphibians, fish, and reptiles, and they have caused multiple amphibian die-off events in the US and Europe. Their prevalence in amphibian populations is much more commonly studied than in chelonian populations. We examined blood samples (n=286) from eight aquatic turtle species collected during 2008–14 on the Savannah River Site, South Carolina, US, as part of long-term mark-recapture efforts. Previous studies in the southeastern US found high prevalence of Ranavirus in amphibians, but we did not detect Ranavirus in any of the turtles sampled, suggesting the absence of the virus or its presence at a very low prevalence in aquatic turtles across the Savannah River Site during the years tested.
Hazardous Drugs: Handling in Health Care Settings:

Occupational and environmental health nurses can play a key role in the implementation of the U.S. Pharmacopeial (USP) guidelines to protect the health and safety of all workers who handle hazardous drugs.
Structural health monitoring (SHM) of aerospace composites

The chapter starts with a discussion of the structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques for aerospace composites. This is followed by a presentation of the major sensor classes used in SHM practice with focus on advanced sensors such as optical fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) and piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS). Electrical sensing methods for composites SHM are also discussed. The chapter expands the discussion on several tracks such as passive sensing SHM, active sensing SHM, local-area sensing with the electromechanical impedance spectroscopy (EMIS), active sensing SHM with electrical methods, direct methods for impact damage detection. The chapter finishes with summary, conclusions, and suggestions for further work.
Radar & additive manufacturing technologies: The future of Internet of Things (IoT)

The authors make a case for a soon-to-be preponderance of radar technologies for communications with devices of the IoT. First, the tag architectures enabling these communications are presented. Novel 24 GHz and mm-wave flexible low-cost chip-less RFID and backscatter/reflectarray-based node approaches demonstrating a record measured range of 80 m, with a potential maximum range in excess of 1 km, zero to low μW power consumption, and Gbps communications rates are presented. In a second part, recent advances in additive-manufacturing technologies—enabling large cost reductions for the next gen­eration of integrated radar ICs—are reported. Specifically, the combination of 3D and inkjet printing enables the development of fully 3D compact low-cost integrated modules along with high­performance interconnects. These innovations, simultaneously empowering and empowered by radar technologies, present a compelling avenue for the emergence of dense constellations of flexible smart skin nodes for ubiquitous sensing, identification, and localization.
A Novel Approach to the Correlation of Fluid Dynamics and Thromboembolism Associated with Cardiovascular Prosthetic Devices

Thrombosis and thromboembolism still plague cardiovascular prosthetic devices. While it is known that areas of stasis and stagnation will result in thrombus formation, the potential for embolization remains unknown. The local fluid dynamics, in particular, the local shear stress, play an integral role with embolization. A backward facing step model was used to investigate thrombus formation and embolization. Through the use of an in vitro blood loop with radiolabeled platelets, high and low Reynolds number flows were investigated. In addition, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations under the same conditions and the same model dimensions were executed with an added simulation involving a clot formed beyond the step to understand how clot growth affects the local flow. The results indicate that areas of high Reynolds number flow produce substantial thrombus with both techniques. The low Reynolds number flow with the blood loop showed no visible thrombus, but the simulations illustrated a recirculation zone suggesting potential for thrombus formation. The simulated CFD clot formation showed a change in the local flow with an increase in shear stress suggesting embolization might occur. Further refinement in the CFD and more blood studies at higher Reynolds number are required to induce embolization. This work is an initial step towards understanding how thromboembolization and the local fluid dynamics are related.
A Synthesis of Forest Evaporation Fluxes – from Days to Years – as Measured with Eddy Covariance

The annual water budget of a forested landscape is the sum of precipitation minus the sum of evaporation, runoff, storage, and leakage. The evaporation term, which is the subject of this chapter, comprises the sum of plant transpiration and evaporation from the soil/litter system and rainfall/dew intercepted by the foliage.
Development and Evaluation of the Individuals With Learning Disabilities and/or Difficulties Perceived Discrimination Scale:

The present two studies describe the development and psychometric evaluation of the Learning Disability/Difficulty Perceived Discrimination Scale used to assess the self-reported discrimination exp...
Deactivation of E. coli in water using Fe3+-saturated montmorillonite impregnated filter paper.

In areas with high exposure to pathogen contaminated water and lack the economic means for water treatment, low cost and convenient point-of-use drinking water disinfection materials/devices are essential. Using a simple craft paper making method, Fe3+-saturated montmorillonite impregnated filter paper was constructed to filter live Escherichia coli (E. coli)-spiked water. The Scanning Electron Microscopic images of the E. coli cells in contact with the Fe3+-saturated montmorillonite impregnated filter paper showed: 1) Fe3+-saturated montmorillonite particles were uniformly coated on the cellulose paper fiber, creating large mineral surface for cell contact; and 2) E. coli cell membrane was dehydrated and damaged, resulting cell deactivation upon contacting with the Fe3+-saturated montmorillonite particles impregnated in the paper. The E. coli cells passing through the Fe3+-saturated montmorillonite impregnated filter paper were not viable as further confirmed by the microfluidic dielectrophoresis analysis. They remained non-viable at room temperature even after 5 days, as shown by the results from both the Colony Counting test and the Colilert test. More than 99.5% deactivation efficiency was achieved when the ratio of the volume of the E. coli contaminated water to the mass of Fe3+-saturated montmorillonite was maintained at <1:1.5 (mL/mg). The Fe3+-saturated montmorillonite impregnated filter paper maintained ~74% E. coli deactivation efficiency even after the 8th consecutive use. About 0.52 mg Fe3+, which is bioavailable, could be leached into the water for every 2 L E coli-contaminated water that is treated with the filter paper. The treated water could therefore provide iron supplement to a person at a level within the range of the FDA recommended human daily intake of iron. The results from this study has clearly demonstrated promising potential of using the Fe3+-saturated montmorillonite impregnated filter paper for low cost (~$0.07/L treated water for this study) and convenient point-of-use drinking water disinfection.
Soft Tissue/Perforator Flaps in Buccal Mucosa and Tongue Reconstruction

Cancer surgery is the most common reason for buccal and tongue reconstruction. Considering the reconstruction result and postoperative treatment, especially the requirement of radiotherapy, microsurgery with free flap transfer is now being the one with most optimal result. It has now been the gold standard in head and neck reconstructions, and many different donor sites have been explored. For small defect less than 3 cm in width, pedicle flaps from the local area can be used alternatively [1].
Validating Patient Prioritization in the 2018 Revised UNOS Heart Allocation System: A Single Center Experience

Purpose The 2018 Revised UNOS Heart Allocation System was proposed to 1) address the rapid increase in status 1A candidates by re-classifying them into groups of decreasing acuity, and 2) reflect current prognosis for left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients. The present study was designed to validate the rationale for the new guidelines by descriptively exploring their effect on patients listed for heart transplant (HT) at our center. Methods We retrospectively evaluated patients listed for HT at Emory University Hospital from 2011 to 2017. Patients were re-classified into the 6-tier Revised UNOS Heart Allocation System. Poisson regression was used to compare outcome rates (transplant and waitlist (WL) removal for death/deterioration) between tiers. Results There were 214 patients (mean age: 50.14 ± 11.9 yrs, 83% male, 57% black) listed for HT during the study period, 97 (45%) as status 1A and 117 (55%) as status 1B. Patients listed as status 1A would be re-classified as tiers 2 (12 [12.4%], 3 (83 [85.6%]), and 4 (2 [2.1%]), and those listed as status 1B would be re-classified as tiers 2 (5[4.3%]) and 4 (112 [95.7%]). Outcome rates by new tier: Patients re-listed as tier 2 had the highest rate of WL death/deterioration (p Conclusion The 2018 Revised UNOS Heart Allocation System accurately prioritizes those status 1A, 1Ab and 1B patients at the highest risk for WL mortality/deterioration in our cohort.
High-temperature and low-threshold interband cascade lasers at wavelengths longer than 6 μm

InAs-based interband cascade (IC) lasers with improved optical confinement have achieved high-temperature operation with a threshold current density as low as 333 A/cm2 at 300 K for emission at 6003 nm. The threshold current density is the lowest ever reported among semiconductor midinfrared lasers at similar wavelengths. These InAs-based IC devices lased in pulsed mode at temperatures up to 357 K near 6.28 μm. A narrow-ridge device was able to operate in continuous-wave mode at temperatures up to 293 K at 6.01 μm.
Immune Modulation and Immune-Mediated Pathogenesis of Emerging Tickborne Banyangviruses.

In the last decade, the emergence of several, novel tickborne viruses have caused significant disease in humans. Of interest are the tickborne banyangviruses: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), Heartland virus (HRTV), and Guertu virus (GTV). SFTSV and HRTV infection in humans cause viral hemorrhagic fever-like disease leading to mortality rates ranging from 6–30% of the cases. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) associated with SFTSV infection is hypothesized to contribute significantly to pathology seen in patients. Despite the severe disease caused by HRTV and SFTSV, there are no approved therapeutics or vaccines. Investigation of the immune response during and following infection is critical to the generation of fully protective vaccines and/or supportive treatments, and overall understanding of viral immune evasion mechanisms may aid in the development of a new class of therapeutics.
Evaluating Cardiac Reactions of Monarch Butterflies to Human Handling across Three Life Stages

Humans have an especially close connection with the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus, and this connection often involves direct handling of larvae, pupae or adults. Monarchs are frequently handled in citizen science programs, education and outreach activities, classroom demonstrations, and when rearing larvae in captivity. A pertinent question is whether monarchs perceive this human handling in the same way as being attacked by a predator, i.e. does it trigger a physiological fight-or-flight reaction? Here, I investigated if brief periods of handling monarch larvae, pupae, or adults elevates their heart rate (a central component of the insect fight-or-flight response), using non-destructive methods: either microscopy or an electronic heart monitor designed for invertebrates. Results are presented from separate investigations on each life stage. Three minutes of gentle handling caused a significant elevation (20%) in heart rates of 30 fifth-instar larvae. Mild physical disturbance for 20 seconds to a collection of 57 pupae elicited brief bursts of heart contractions (∼88 beats/min), a rate which is three times higher than typical contraction periods at this stage. Adult monarchs captured during fall migration (n=72) showed minor heart rate elevations (6%) after 3 minutes of gentle handling for tagging purposes. The differences in reactions across life stages found here is helpful for elucidating the relative sensitivity of each stage to handling. More importantly, these results elucidate the unseen physiological impact of direct human contact on developing monarchs (larvae and pupae); elevation in heart rate is an integral part of the fight-or-flight reaction in animals and a universal sign that an animal perceives an imminent threat. In this sense then, developing monarchs appear to perceive human handling as a threat, which may alter our (human) perception of this practice.
Acid-Doped Hydrogel Electrolytes for Electrocatalyst Interfaces

Polymer–electrolyte membranes (PEMs) are ubiquitous to state-of-the-art electrochemical devices (i.e., fuel cells and water electrolyzers). Stable PEMs have been historically limited to a small cla...
Neurophysiological biomarkers for schizophrenia therapeutics

Abstract Chronic psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia (SZ), are highly heterogeneous at many levels of analysis, from genetics to clinical presentation and treatment sensitivity. This heterogeneity reflects both a divergence of shared biological pathways moving from over a hundred “risk genes” to many different clinical phenotypes, and the convergence of distinct biological pathways to a shared “phenocopies” of chronic psychosis. Successful strategies for developing “next generation” interventions in SZ – including “pro-cognitive” medications, cognitive remediation, neurostimulation and combinations thereof – will address these pathways to clinical heterogeneity by using biological signals, or “biomarkers” that characterize treatment-sensitive subpopulations. Identifying and detecting these meaningful signals in the complex biology of SZ is a vexing scientific challenge. We propose that rational starting points are neurophysiological measures of early auditory information processing (EAIP), based on their functional importance as strong mediators of both cognition and function in SZ, their plasticity in response to both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapeutic “challenge”, and their experimental characteristics as highly quantitative, robust and reliable measures of brain activity. Here we describe some of our current approaches to developing neurophysiological biomarkers for “next generation” therapeutic sensitivity in SZ, and some potentially novel experimental strategies that we envision on the near horizon.
Accelerating massively parallel hemodynamic models of coarctation of the aorta using neural networks

Comorbidities such as anemia or hypertension and physiological factors related to exertion can influence a patient’s hemodynamics and increase the severity of many cardiovascular diseases. Observing and quantifying associations between these factors and hemodynamics can be difficult due to the multitude of co-existing conditions and blood flow parameters in real patient data. Machine learning-driven, physics-based simulations provide a means to understand how potentially correlated conditions may affect a particular patient. Here, we use a combination of machine learning and massively parallel computing to predict the effects of physiological factors on hemodynamics in patients with coarctation of the aorta. We first validated blood flow simulations against in vitro measurements in 3D-printed phantoms representing the patient’s vasculature. We then investigated the effects of varying the degree of stenosis, blood flow rate, and viscosity on two diagnostic metrics – pressure gradient across the stenosis (ΔP) and wall shear stress (WSS) - by performing the largest simulation study to date of coarctation of the aorta (over 70 million compute hours). Using machine learning models trained on data from the simulations and validated on two independent datasets, we developed a framework to identify the minimal training set required to build a predictive model on a per-patient basis. We then used this model to accurately predict ΔP (mean absolute error within 1.18 mmHg) and WSS (mean absolute error within 0.99 Pa) for patients with this disease.
An evaluation of gridded weather data sets for the purpose of estimating reference evapotranspiration in the United States

Abstract This study assessed the quality of gridded weather data for calculating reference evapotranspiration (ETref), which, by definition, represents a near maximum ET occurring in a well-watered agricultural environment. Six gridded weather data sets – GLDAS-1, NLDAS-2, the CFSv2 operational analysis, gridMET, RTMA, and NDFD – were compared to weather data collected from 103 weather stations located in well-watered settings across the conterminous United States. ETref along with the weather variables used to compute it – near-surface air temperature, vapor pressure, wind speed, and shortwave solar radiation – were compared. The gridded weather data sets generally overestimated the standardized Penman-Monteith ETref produced from weather station data, with median biases ranging from 12 to 31 %. The overestimation was mainly due to chronic overstatement of air temperature, shortwave radiation, and wind speed and understatement of humidity. These results indicate that gridded data should be carefully evaluated before being substituted for agricultural weather station data. Bias correction procedures may make these gridded data more suitable for generating ETref. RTMA was generally the best performing gridded data set for all variables and NLDAS was the worst for all variables except vapor pressure. NDFD one-day forecasts outperformed most of the analysis products, likely due to its initialization with RTMA. gridMET temperature agreed relatively well with the station data due to its dependence on the PRISM station-interpolated data set. However, its performance was similar to its other parent product, NLDAS, for the remaining variables which reduced its ETref performance. The low-resolution products GLDAS and CFSv2 performed better than the finer resolution NLDAS product suggesting that spatial resolution is not a primary factor determining correspondence to station data. The excellent performance of gridMET temperature and RTMA indicates that the degree to which gridded data depend on station data is a primary factor determining correspondence.
Evaluation of a V8C7 Anode forOxygen Evolution in Alkaline Media: Unusual Morphological Behavior

Metallic vanadium carbide (V8C7) with cubic symmetry is examined as an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) precatalyst in alkaline media. Herein, we used quasi in situ scanning electron microscopy and ...
Horror, Crime, and War: Some Comment on the Films of Brian De Palma, 1980-1989

This review-essay revisits four films by Brian De Palma made between 1980 and 1989—Dressed to Kill, Scarface, The Untouchables, and Casualties of War—in an attempt to reconsider the most successful decade of De Palma’s career and at the same time to counter the received wisdom that he is somehow a “great” or “visionary” director. In fact, De Palma has built his career largely on the imitation of old movies, usually by Alfred Hitchcock, beginning with his very first film, Murder a la Mod (1968), and extending all the way through to Passion (2012).
Human navigation in curved spaces.

Abstract Navigation and representations of the spatial environment are central to human survival. It has often been debated whether spatial representations follow Euclidean principles, and a number of studies challenged the Euclidean hypothesis. Two experiments examined the geometry of human navigation system using true non-Euclidean environments, i.e., curved spaces with non-Euclidean geometry at every point of the space. Participants walked along two legs in an outbound journey, then pointed to the direction of the starting point (home). The homing behavior was examined in three virtual environments, Euclidean space, hyperbolic space, and spherical space. The results showed that people's responses matched the direction of Euclidean origin, regardless of the curvature of the space itself. Moreover, participants still responded as if the space were Euclidean when a learning period was added for them to explore the spatial properties of the environment before performing the homing task to ensure violations of Euclidean geometry were readily detected. These data suggest that the path integration / spatial updating system operates on Euclidean geometry, even when curvature violations are clearly present.
Das Neunzehnte Jahrhundert

Die Franzosische Revolution und die Napoleonische Zeit schufen auserordentlich gunstige Bedingungen fur die Weiterentwicklung der Mathematik. Die Bahn fur die industrielle Revolution auf dem europaischen Kontinent war frei gemacht. Sie wirkte sich auf die Pflege der physikalischen Wissenschaft gunstig aus; sie schuf neue gesellschaftliche Klassen mit einer neuen, an Wissenschaft und technischer Bildung interessierten Lebensanschauung. Demokratische Ideen drangen in das akademische Leben ein; an uberalterten Denkformen wurde Kritik geubt, Schulen und Universitaten musten reformiert und verjungt werden.
Gene Therapy Restores Hair Cell Stereocilia Morphology in Inner Ears of Deaf Whirler Mice

Hereditary deafness is one of the most common disabilities affecting newborns. Many forms of hereditary deafness are caused by morphological defects of the stereocilia bundles on the apical surfaces of inner ear hair cells, which are responsible for sound detection. We explored the effectiveness of gene therapy in restoring the hair cell stereocilia architecture in the whirlin mouse model of human deafness, which is deaf due to dysmorphic, short stereocilia. Wild-type whirlin cDNA was delivered via adeno-associated virus (AAV8) by injection through the round window of the cochleas in neonatal whirler mice. Subsequently, whirlin expression was detected in infected hair cells (IHCs), and normal stereocilia length and bundle architecture were restored. Whirlin gene therapy also increased inner hair cell survival in the treated ears compared to the contralateral nontreated ears. These results indicate that a form of inherited deafness due to structural defects in cochlear hair cells is amenable to restoration through gene therapy.
Some Studies of the General Hartree-Fock Method

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the original Hartree–Fock method—referred as the GHF-scheme— for some simple atomic and molecular systems by using general spin-orbitals of a complex character, and there exist GHF solutions of TSDW type which give lower energies than the Restricted Hartree–Fock (RHF), and unrestricted Hartree–Fock (UHF)-schemes, but also that quite a few SCF solutions of different type may exist simultaneously. The purpose of the chapter is to find the “absolute minimum” for the energy on the hypersurface associated with the Self- Consistent-Field (SCF) procedure. At the same time it is observed that, whenever such an absolute minimum is found, the associated Slater determinant D is usually a mixture of different symmetry types. Projected Hartree–Fock (PHF) scheme preserves many of the fundamental features of the independent-particle-model. It has been shown that, even for two-electron systems, the PHF scheme gives a lower energy when one is using general spin-orbitals (GSOs) and that the same is true also for the lithium atom. it has not been easy to carry out an extension of the PHF-scheme using complex GSO's to many-electron systems. In such a case, it is certainly important to learn the ways to handle determinants built up from complex general spin orbitals, and it is hoped that the study in this chapter will be of value not only as an expose of the GHF method but also as a first step toward an extension of the PHF-sceme.
On the Isomorphic Embedding of Rectangular Grids in n-cubes

All previously published work on isomorphic grid embeddings into n-cubes has been restricted to binary n-cubes. This paper describes a straightforward method for embedding a A x B grid isomorphically into a k-ary n-cube with k>2.
Characteristics of fatal ambulance crashes in the United States: An 11-year retrospective analysis

Background. Ambulance crashes have become an increasing source of public concern. Emergency medical services directors have little data to develop ambulance operation and risk management policies. Objective. To describe fatal ambulance crash characteristics, identifying those that differentiate emergency and nonemergency use crashes. Methods. This was a retrospective analysis of all fatal ambulance crashes on U.S. public roadways reported to the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) database from 1987 to 1997. Main outcome measures were 42 variables describing crash demographics, crash configuration, vehicle description, crash severity, and ambulance operator and vehicle occupant attributes. Results. Three hundred thirty-nine ambulance crashes caused 405 fatalities and 838 injuries. These crashes occurred more often between noon and 6 PM (39%), on improved (99%), straight (86%), dry roads (69%) during clear weather (77%), while going straight (80%), through an intersection (53%), and striking (81%) an...
OR5 Igg subclass and concentration are determinants of HLA class I antibody capacity to fix complement in in vitro clinical and functional assays

It has been presupposed that “complement (C’) fixing” HLA antibodies (Ab) detected by C1qScreen or CDC are IgG1 or IgG3. We tested monoclonal HLA Ab of each human IgG subclass to evaluate the effect of subclass in in vitro complement assays. Methods Chimeric HLA I Ab carrying the same variable region (pan HLA I) and human IgG1–4 constant regions were diluted (0.01–20 μg/mL) in human serum containing no HLA Ab, and tested in One Lambda LabScreen, C1qScreen, and Immucor LifeCodes Single Antigen and C3d Assays. C4d deposition on B cells and human endothelium was measured by flow cytometry, and cytotoxicity was measure using standard rabbit (rb-CDC) and human C’ (hum-CDC) assays. Results IgG-MFI, C1q-MFI, and C3d-MFI were dependent upon Ab concentration; however, the dynamic linear ranges of these assays was quite different. IgG-MFI reached saturation at lower Ab concentrations (500 ng/mL for IgG1) than C1q-MFI, while C1q-MFI became negative at Ab concentrations (0.125 ng/mL) still detectable by IgG-MFI. Lower amounts of Ab, including IgG2, were detectable by C3d assay than by C1qScreen. Ab concentration correlated well with C1q-MFI and C3d positivity. There was no linear relationship between IgG-MFI and C1q-MFI for any subclass, but C3d deposition did correlate with IgG-MFI. A threshold for C1q positivity was observed which differed for each subclass; for example, 15000 IgG1-MFI translated to C1q-MFI > 1000. Beads with lowest antigen density often had lowest IgG-MFI, C1q-MFI and C3d-MFI signals, with some false negative C’ results. Subclass-specific differences in C’ activation were observed. IgG2 triggered unanticipated strong C1q deposition in C1qScreen, and was nearly as potent as IgG1, but had lower potency in the C3d assay. Positive rb-CDC reactions were observed with IgG1, IgG3, and, unexpectedly, IgG2. In the hum-CDC, no chimeric subclass caused a positive reaction. Deposition of human C4d on the surface of cells could be detected, in a dose- and subclass-dependent manner. Conclusions Our results highlight the dependence of C’ fixation and activation on Ab subclass and concentration, and illuminate important caveats to interpreting these assays. IgG-MFI did not directly correlate with C1q-MFI, there was a linear relationship between Ab concentration and C’ deposition in both C1qScreen and the C3d assay.
A DFT-Based Algorithm for n-Order Singular State Space Systems

The discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is used for determining the coefficients of a transfer function for n-order singular linear systems, Ex (n)=Σ i=1 nA ix (n−1)+Bu, where E may be singular. The algorithm is straight forward and easily can be implemented. Three step-by-step examples illustrating the application of the algorithm are presented. Research supported by Margaret and Herman Sokol Faculty Fellow Award and MSU2002 FSIP.
Direct Visualization of Memory Effects in Artificial Spin Ice

We experimentally demonstrate that arrays of interacting nanoscale ferromagnetic islands, known as artificial spin ice, develop reproducible microstates upon cycling an applied magnetic field. The onset of this memory effect is determined by the strength of the applied field relative to the array coercivity. Specifically, when the applied field strength is almost exactly equal to the array coercivity, several training cycles are required before the array achieves a nearly completely repeatable microstate, whereas when the applied field strength is stronger or weaker than the array coercivity, a repeatable microstate is achieved after the first minor loop. We show through experiment and simulation that this memory exhibited by artificial spin ice is due to a ratchet effect on interacting, magnetically charged defects in the island moment configuration and to the complexity of the network of strings of reversed moments that forms during magnetization reversal.
Engineering of parallel plasmonic–photonic interactions for on-chip refractive index sensors

Ultra-narrow linewidth in the extinction spectrum of noble metal nanoparticle arrays induced by the lattice plasmon resonances (LPRs) is of great significance for applications in plasmonic lasers and plasmonic sensors. However, the challenge of sustaining LPRs in an asymmetric environment greatly restricts their practical applications, especially for high-performance on-chip plasmonic sensors. Herein, we fully study the parallel plasmonic-photonic interactions in both the Au nanodisk arrays (NDAs) and the core/shell SiO2/Au nanocylinder arrays (NCAs). Different from the dipolar interactions in the conventionally studied orthogonal coupling, the horizontal propagating electric field introduces the out-of-plane "hot spots" and results in electric field delocalization. Through controlling the aspect ratio to manipulate the "hot spot" distributions of the localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in the NCAs, we demonstrate a high-performance refractive index sensor with a wide dynamic range of refractive indexes ranging from 1.0 to 1.5. Both high figure of merit (FOM) and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be maintained under these detectable refractive indices. Furthermore, the electromagnetic field distributions confirm that the high FOM in the wide dynamic range is attributed to the parallel coupling between the superstrate diffraction orders and the height-induced LSPR modes. Our study on the near-field "hot-spot" engineering and far-field parallel coupling paves the way towards improved understanding of the parallel LPRs and the design of high-performance on-chip refractive index sensors.
The Personal Impact of Epilepsy Scale (PIES)

Abstract Objective The impact of epilepsy is manifest by effects related to seizures and side effects of therapy and comorbidities such as depression. This report describes the development of a brief patient-reported outcome (PRO) instrument, the Personal Impact of Epilepsy Scale (PIES), to measure the influence of epilepsy overall and in each of these domains. Methods Instrument development followed standard procedures and an FDA Guidance. People with epilepsy were surveyed with open-ended questions to derive major themes of their concerns, resulting in 4 key areas: seizures, side effects, comorbidities, and overall quality of life (QOL). A preliminary set of 152 questions was based on these themes and completed by 50 patients, age 42.7 (range: 21–71) years, concurrent with comparator instruments, including the NH Seizure Severity Scale (NHSSS), the Liverpool Adverse Events Profile (LAEP), the Quality of Life in Epilepsy (QOLIE-31) scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Epilepsy Foundation Depression: A Checklist. A multiple regression model indicated which PIES measures were associated with scores from the comparator instruments. Questions in each of the domains were selected for correlations and nonduplication. Test–retest consistency at a 3-day interval was completed by 38 subjects and a final set of questions constructed. Results The final question set comprised 25 items: 9 about characteristics of seizures, 7 about medication side effects, 8 about comorbidities, and 1 about overall quality of life. All items had 5 response choices (0–4), with higher scores reflecting more negative status. A total of 46 subjects completed the 25 questions. Cronbach's alpha was 0.87, indicating good internal consistency. Each of the three domains correlated well with the overall QOL item. The questions pertaining to seizures correlated with the NHSSS, the side effect questions with the LAEP, and the comorbidity questions with the QOLIE-31. Conclusion The PIES provides a simple, brief PRO measure as a profile of overall impact of seizures, medication side effects, comorbidities, and overall QOL for people with epilepsy. Further study will explore sensitivity to change quantification of the minimal clinically significant change.