cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A modified classification and approach to the management of infections involving peripheral arterial prosthetic grafts

Abstract During the past 15 years, we have employed a modified classification and management plan to treat infections involving nonaortic peripheral prosthetic grafts (PAPGs) without graft removal whenever possible. Sixty-eight infected wounds potentially involving PAPGs were initially treated by excision of necrotic and infected wound tissue in the operating room (wound excision). This was sufficient for all 34 minor infections that did not directly involve the graft. In the 34 remaining infected wounds with graft involvement (major infections), partial removal of a PAPG in 13 cases allowed preservation for up to 15 years of a functioning arterial segment and its collaterals. Ten other grafts were entirely saved. Only 11 of 34 major graft infections ultimately required total graft removal. This approach to infection complicating PAPGs resulted in only two deaths (6%) and directly led to limb loss or amputation at a higher level in eight patients (24%). Total removal of an infected PAPGs is often unnecessary and may increase mortality and morbidity. (J VASC SURG 1988;8:147-53.)
Latex preparation and stabilization by hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl celluloses

Hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl celluloses (HMHEC) are derivatives of water-soluble hydroxyethyl-ethers of cellulose. Because these amphiphilic molecules are known to adsorb strongly on water–oil interfaces, they were tested as nonionic surfactants and stabilizers in emulsion polymerization. Styrene and methyl acrylate were used as water-insoluble and slightly water-soluble monomers, respectively. In situ nucleation, seed latex polymerization, and postpolymerization addition of HMHEC were examined. The main difficulty with the HMHEC materials is their bridging effect, which enhances aggregation. However, these nonionic materials impart pronounced stability to latices against electrolytes. This property can be achieved also by postaddition of the HMHEC to a performed emulsion.
Governance in Strategic Context.

Forces inside and outside of community colleges are changing the context for governance and mandating new and different approaches to decision making.
Global Changes in Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Virus Gene Expression Patterns following Expression of a Tetracycline-Inducible Rta Transactivator

An important step in the herpesvirus life cycle is the switch from latency to lytic reactivation. In order to study the life cycle of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), we developed a gene expression system in KSHV-infected primary effusion lymphoma cells. This system uses Flp-mediated efficient recombination and tetracycline-inducible expression. The Rta transcriptional activator, which acts as a molecular switch for lytic reactivation of KSHV, was efficiently integrated downstream of the Flp recombination target site, and its expression was tightly controlled by tetracycline. Like stimulation with tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA), the ectopic expression of Rta efficiently induced a complete cycle of viral replication, including a well-ordered program of KSHV gene expression and production of infectious viral progeny. A striking feature of Rta-mediated lytic gene expression was that Rta induced KSHV gene expression in a more powerful and efficient manner than TPA stimulation, indicating that Rta plays a central, leading role in KSHV lytic gene expression. Thus, our streamlined gene expression system provides a novel means not only to study the effects of viral gene products on overall KSHV gene expression and replication, but also to understand the natural viral reactivation process.
Depression in children: Parent, teacher, and child perspectives.

Depressed and nondepressed children were found to differ in the types of behavior problems manifested at home and at school. Children rated as depressed by their parents on the Personality Inventory for Children evidenced significantly more conduct problems, anxiety, impulsive hyperactivity, learning problems, psychosomatic problems, perfectionism, and muscular tension at home than children rated as nondepressed. Depressed children were rated by their teachers as displaying more inattentionpassivity than nondepressed children. A significant but modest relationship was found between parent report and child selfreport of the child's depression. Depressed children attributed positive events to external causes and negative events to internal causes significantly more than did nondepressed children. The specificity of these results to depression was also examined;the particular features of childhood depression are compared to the features of adult depression.
POSSIBLE ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE DETECTION OF PLASMA OSCILLATIONS.

Abstract When observing the products of a gaseous discharge with an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer, cyclotron resonances are often detected at low pressures. As the pressure of the gaseous discharge is decreased, fine structure in the cyclotron resonance begins to appear. At the lowest pressure attained in this work, 0.01 Torr, the fine structure consists of a triplet for a discharge in a variety of hydrocarbon gases. The positions of the components of the triplet are sensitive to the applied microwave power, and the central component is affected in a manner different from the outer two components. A possible interpretation of this fine structure in terms of plasma oscillations is presented.
Russian Agriculture during Transition: Performance, Global Impact, and Outlook

In the 2000s, Russia emerged as a major player in world agricultural markets, on both the supply (mainly grain) and demand side. This article examines Russia's agricultural transition experience, which has resulted in a complex system of diverse producers and institutions, as well as uneven performance. Using a model of transition agriculture, the article explores how key reform policies drove systemic change and commodity restructuring, and how the ensuing changes in the production, consumption, and trade of goods have affected world markets. The article also assesses the performance of Russian agriculture during transition, and provides an outlook for the future.
Simple test of the utility of modified Hartree--Fock orbitals: the He atom

A method proposed recently for the generation of modified Hartree-Fock virtual orbitals has been tested by performing a simple configuration-interaction calculation for the ground state of the He atom. A very compact truncated basis set was constructed by using an a priori criterion based on the probability density within the region of the occupied orbital. The best results were obtained by making the virtual orbital energies more positive.
Reentry Women: A Literature Review With Recommendations for Counseling and Research

This article is a comprehensive literature review of the research regarding reentry women for 1980 to 1990, with recommendations for counseling and research. The article is divided into the following sections: (a) reentry trends; (b) general characteristics; (c) reasons for reentry; (d) personality; (e) role, values, and family; (f) satisfaction in the student role; (g) career choice; (h) reentry women after graduation; (i) research limitations; (j) research recommendations; and (k) conclusion. Research replications were found to be very limited and restricted to four areas: (a) reasons for reentry, (b) personality, (c) family variables, and (d) career choice.
'Pressure-flow'-triggered intracellular Ca2+ transients in rat cardiac myocytes: possible mechanisms and role of mitochondria.

Cardiac myocytes, in the intact heart, are exposed to shear/fluid forces during each cardiac cycle. Here we describe a novel Ca2+ signalling pathway, generated by ‘pressurized flows’ (PFs) of solutions, resulting in the activation of slowly developing (∼300 ms) Ca2+ transients lasting ∼1700 ms at room temperature. Though subsequent PFs (applied some 10–30 s later) produced much smaller or undetectable responses, such transients could be reactivated following caffeine- or KCl-induced Ca2+ releases, suggesting that a small, but replenishable, Ca2+ pool serves as the source for their activation. PF-triggered Ca2+ transients could be activated in Ca2+-free solutions or in solutions that block voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, stretch-activated channels (SACs), or the Na+–Ca2+ exchanger (NCX), using Cd2+, Gd3+, or Ni2+, respectively. PF-triggered Ca2+ transients were significantly smaller in quiescent than in electrically paced myocytes. Paced Ca2+ transients activated at the peak of PF-triggered Ca2+ transients were not significantly smaller than those produced normally, suggesting functionally separate Ca2+ pools for paced and PF-triggered transients. Suppression of nitric oxide (NO) or IP3 signalling pathways did not alter the PF-triggered Ca2+ transients. On the other hand, mitochondrial metabolic uncoupler FCCP, in the presence of oligomycin (to prevent ATP depletion), reversibly suppressed PF-triggered Ca2+ transients, as did the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (mCU) blocker, Ru360. Reducing agent DTT and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger tempol, as well as mitochondrial NCX (mNCX) blocker CGP-37157, inhibited PF-triggered Ca2+ transients. In rhod-2 AM-loaded and permeabilized cells, confocal imaging of mitochondrial Ca2+ showed a transient increase in Ca2+ on caffeine exposure and a decrease in mitochondrial Ca2+ on application of PF pulses of solution. These signals were strongly suppressed by either Na+-free or CGP-37157-containing solutions, implicating mNCX in mediating the Ca2+ release process. We conclude that subjecting rat cardiac myocytes to pressurized flow pulses of solutions triggers the release of Ca2+ from a store that appears to access mitochondrial Ca2+.
Salmonella typhimurium specifically chemotax and proliferate in heterogeneous tumor tissue in vitro

Multi-drug resistance greatly limits the efficacy of conventional blood-born chemotherapeutics, which have limited ability to penetrate tumor tissue and are ineffective at killing quiescent cells far from tumor vasculature. Nonpathogenic, motile bacteria can overcome both of theses limitations. We hypothesize that the accumulation of S. typhimurium in tumors is controlled by two mechanisms: (1) chemotaxis towards compounds produced by quiescent cancer cells and (2) preferential growth within tumor tissue. We tested this hypothesis by quantifying the relative contributions of these mechanisms using the tumor cylindroid model, which mimics the microenvironments of in vivo tumors. Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy was used to measure the accumulation of GFP-labeled S. typhimurium into cylindroids of different size. Cylindroids larger than 500 microm in diameter contain quiescent cells, whereas cylindroids smaller than 500 microm do not. Spatio-temporal profiles of bacterial concentration were fit to a mathematical model to calculate two parameters that describe bacterial interaction with tumors: intratumoral bacterial growth, M, and intratumoral bacterial chemoattraction, K. It was observed that S. typhimurium is attracted to cylindroids and accumulate at long time points in the central region of large cylindroids. Both intratumoral bacterial growth and chemotaxis were significantly greater in large cylindroids, suggesting that quiescent cells secrete bacterial chemoattractants and the presence of necrotic and quiescent cells enable S. typhimurium to replicate in tumor tissue. In this study, several mechanisms of S. typhimurium accumulation in solid tumors have been quantified, which we believe is an important step in the development of bacterial-based therapeutics to target tumor quiescence.
Spectral correlation of AMPS signals and its application to interference rejection

AMPS interference cancellation is demonstrated using a blind adaptive filter that exploits the cyclostationary characteristics of the AMPS signal produced by a SAT (supervisory audio tone). Theoretical analysis of the cyclostationary characteristics of an AMPS signal is included. A time-dependent adaptive filter (TDAF), which could be implemented as a FRESH filter, is developed that exploits the spectral correlation of the received signal. This algorithm is tested using both simulated and digitized AMPS signals. Results show that there is 20-30 dB improvement of the demodulated voice SNR for severely corrupted signals. >
Work in progress - engagement through a dual credit initiative resulting in collaborative partnerships to create pre-engineering biotechnology curriculum for the high school classroom

A need exists to develop pathways between high schools and universities to facilitate the education of students within Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines. In response to recent legislation, a pilot program has been implemented by Purdue University to develop dual credit courses within local high schools and establish specific criteria to insure that the courses taken in high school are equivalent to the university courses. The pilot program is building upon Project Lead the Way (PLTW), a pre-engineering program for high school students recently cited as a model curriculum within the study, “Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future,” sponsored by the National Academies to outline strategies to raise American education and remain competitive in the new global marketplace. The PLTW curriculum offers students the opportunity to complete college credit in high school and includes intensive summer training to enhance teacher's abilities to teach engineering concepts in the classroom. This project can serve as a model to establish collaborative foundations between high school teachers and university faculty resulting in innovative curriculum development and smooth articulation between high schools and universities.
Pyrosequencing-based assessment of soil pH as a predictor of soil bacterial community structure at the continental scale.

Soils harbor enormously diverse bacterial populations, and soil bacterial communities can vary greatly in composition across space. However, our understanding of the specific changes in soil bacterial community structure that occur across larger spatial scales is limited because most previous work has focused on either surveying a relatively small number of soils in detail or analyzing a larger number of soils with techniques that provide little detail about the phylogenetic structure of the bacterial communities. Here we used a bar-coded pyrosequencing technique to characterize bacterial communities in 88 soils from across North and South America, obtaining an average of 1,501 sequences per soil. We found that overall bacterial community composition, as measured by pairwise UniFrac distances, was significantly correlated with differences in soil pH (r = 0.79), largely driven by changes in the relative abundances of Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes across the range of soil pHs. In addition, soil pH explains a significant portion of the variability associated with observed changes in the phylogenetic structure within each dominant lineage. The overall phylogenetic diversity of the bacterial communities was also correlated with soil pH (R2 = 0.50), with peak diversity in soils with near-neutral pHs. Together, these results suggest that the structure of soil bacterial communities is predictable, to some degree, across larger spatial scales, and the effect of soil pH on bacterial community composition is evident at even relatively coarse levels of taxonomic resolution.
A combinatorial optimization algorithm for solving the branchwidth problem

In this paper, we consider the problem of computing an optimal branch decomposition of a graph. Branch decompositions and branchwidth were introduced by Robertson and Seymour in their series of papers that proved the Graph Minors Theorem. Branch decompositions have proven to be useful in solving many NP-hard problems, such as the traveling salesman, independent set, and ring routing problems, by means of combinatorial algorithms that operate on branch decompositions. We develop an implicit enumeration algorithm for the optimal branch decomposition problem and examine its performance on a set of classical graph instances.
Fuel System With Variable Speed Pump to Improve Thermal Management Ability for Aircraft Engines

Now, fuel systems on aircrafts/engines are required to rapidly improve thermal management technology. The proposed variable speed pump systems are a unique solution to improve the thermal management of aircrafts/engines without requiring a major change in the conventional interface between a jet engine and a fuel system. Concurrently, the proposed systems have the possibility to improve SFC by about 0.25% during cruise on a small turbofan engine due to reducing inefficient energy consumption. These systems lead to minimize the conventional cooling mechanisms and contribute to the additional improvement of SFC. The purpose of this paper is to show the characteristics of the proposed systems.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Thermoelectric Model of a Tubular SOFC for Dynamic Simulation

A one-dimensional transient model of a tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack is proposed in this paper. The model developed in the virtual test bed (VTB ) computational environment is capable of dynamic system simulation. This model is based on the electrochemical and thermal modeling, accounting for the voltage losses and temperature dynamics. The single cell is discretized using a finite volume method where all the governing equations are solved for each finite volume. The temperature, the current density, and the gas concentration distribution along the axial direction of the cell are presented. The dynamic behavior of electrical characteristics and temperature under the variable load is simulated and analyzed. For easy implementation in the VTB platform, the nonlinear governing equations are discretized in resistive companion form. The developed model is validated with experimental results and can be used for dynamic performance evaluation and design optimization of the cell under variable operating conditions and geometric condition.
Concentration-discharge relationships in the coal mined region of the New River basin and Indian Fork sub-basin, Tennessee, USA

For many basins, identifying changes to water quality over time and understanding current hydrologic processes are hindered by fragmented and discontinuous water-quality and hydrology data. In the coal mined region of the New River basin and Indian Fork sub-basin, muted and pronounced changes, respectively, to concentration–discharge (C–Q) relationships were identified using linear regression on log-transformed historical (1970s–1980s) and recent (2000s) water-quality and streamflow data. Changes to C–Q relationships were related to coal mining histories and shifts in land use. Hysteresis plots of individual storms from 2007 (New River) and the fall of 2009 (Indian Fork) were used to understand current hydrologic processes in the basins. In the New River, storm magnitude was found to be closely related to the reversal of loop rotation in hysteresis plots; a peak-flow threshold of 25 cubic meters per second (m3/s) segregates hysteresis patterns into clockwise and counterclockwise rotational groups. Small storms with peak flow less than 25 m3/s often resulted in dilution of constituent concentrations in headwater tributaries like Indian Fork and concentration of constituents downstream in the mainstem of the New River. Conceptual two or three component mixing models for the basins were used to infer the influence of water derived from spoil material on water quality. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can the flyby anomaly be attributed to earth-bound dark matter?

We make preliminary estimates to assess whether the recently reported flyby anomaly can be attributed to dark matter interactions. We consider both elastic and exothermic inelastic scattering from dark matter constituents; for isotropic dark matter velocity distributions, the former decrease, while the latter increase, the final flyby velocity. The fact that the observed flyby velocity anomaly shows examples with both positive and negative signs, requires the dominance of different dark matter scattering processes along different flyby trajectories. The magnitude of the observed anomalies requires dark matter densities many orders of magnitude greater than the galactic halo density. Such a large density could result from an accumulation cascade, in which the solar system-bound dark matter density is much higher than the galactic halo density, and the earth-bound density is much higher than the solar system-bound density. We discuss a number of strong constraints on the hypothesis of a dark matter explanation for the flyby anomaly. These require dark matter to be non-self-annihilating, with the dark matter scattering cross section on nucleons much larger, and the dark matter mass much lighter, than usually assumed.
Double ordering in magnetic linear chain systems

Abstract CsNiCl 3 and CsNiBr 3 each display two magnetic phase transitions at low temperatures. The existence of a specific heat spike at each transition in these salts, together with cesium NMR data, require that the higher temperature phase be ordered in the c-axis spin components but paramagnetic in the remaining spin components. A reexamination of CsNiCl 3 shows the cesium NMR data to be consistent with the spin structures in both ordered phases.
"Hands on" & "Heads in": trabalhando com a Robótica em Educação

Resumo: O projeto investiga o Design como invencao, ciencia e arte, identificando em grupos de alunos aqueles que sejam capazes de perceber problemas e solucoes originais atraves dos recursos da Robotica aplicada a Educacao. Os conceitos de "Hands on" e o "Heads in" sao utilizados para identificar de que maneira contribuem para a construcao significativa de conhecimento. Abstract: This project intends a research about the Design as invention, science and art, when applied with students groups perceiving problems and original solutions through Robotics on Education resources. The "Hands on" and " Heads in" concepts are applied to identify how they contribute to a meaningful knowledge building through computers artifacts.
An Algorithm to Embed Hamiltonian Cycles in Crossed Cubes

In this paper, we study the problem of embedding a family of regularly-structured Hamiltonian cycles in a crosses cube. Since the crossed cube shows performance improvement over a regular hypercube in many aspects, we are interested in knowing whether it has the comparable capability in terms of structure embedding - specifically in this paper, the embedding of Hamiltonian cycles. It needs to be pointed out that we are only considering a family of Hamiltonian cycles that can be systematically constructed, characterized by the permutation of link dimensions (link permutation for short). The total number h(n) of Hamiltonian cycles in a regular n-dimensional hypercube happens to be huge, and many of them cannot be constructed in a systematic way. The exact h(n) has not been established for large n. The main work of this paper is that for those Hamiltonian facilitating permutations, we propose an algorithm that works out a well-structured Hamiltonian cycle
A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Antibiotic Discontinuation Policy for Clinically Suspected Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Objective To evaluate an antibiotic discontinuation policy for clinically suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Design Prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Setting A medical ICU from a university-affiliated urban teaching hospital. Patients Between April 2002 and July 2003, 290 patients completed the clinical trial. Interventions Patients were assigned to have the duration of antibiotic treatment for VAP determined by an antibiotic discontinuation policy (discontinuation group) or their treating physician teams (conventional group). Results Severity of illness using APACHE (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation) II score (22.8 ± 9.0 vs 23.2 ± 9.4, p=0.683) [mean ± SD] and the clinical pulmonary infection score (7.1 ± 0.9 vs 7.2 ± 0.9, p=0.222) were similar for both patient groups. The duration of antibiotic treatment for VAP was statistically shorter among patients in the discontinuation group compared to patients in the conventional antibiotic management group (6.0 ± 4.9 days vs 8.0 ± 5.6 days, p=0.001). The occurrence of a secondary episode of VAP was not statistically different between these two groups (17.3% vs 19.3%, p=0.667). Hospital mortality (32.0% vs 37.1%, p=0.357) and ICU length of stay (6.8 ± 6.1 days vs 7.0 ± 7.3 days, p=0.798) were also statistically similar. Conclusions The application of an antibiotic discontinuation policy for clinically suspected VAP was associated with a decrease in the overall duration of antibiotic treatment. These findings suggest that shorter courses of empiric antibiotic therapy for patients treated for clinically suspected VAP can be safely achieved.
Long-range metal–metal coupling in transition-metal 5,10,15,20-tetraferrocenylporphyrins

Redox properties of several transition-metal MTFcP complexes (TFcP2− = 5,10,15,20-tetraferrocenylporphyrin, M = Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) were investigated using electrochemical (CV and DPV), spectroelectrochemical, and chemical oxidation approaches. Electrochemical experiments conducted in a low-polarity solvent using a non-coordinating electrolyte are crucial for the sequential oxidation of ferrocene substituents along with porphyrin-based single-electron oxidation and reduction processes. The first ferrocene oxidation process in all MTFcP complexes is separated by at least 140 mV from the next three ferrocene based oxidations. The second, third, and fourth redox processes in the ferrocene region are more closely spaced, with the largest separation observed in CuTFcP and CoTFcP complexes. Mixed-valence compounds were observed and characterized by spectroelectrochemical and chemical oxidation approaches. In all cases, intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) bands were detected confirming the existence of the iron-based mixed-valence [MTFcP]n+ (n = 1–3) species and suggesting long-range metal–metal coupling in the target systems. The resulting data from the mixed-valence [MTFcP]n+ (n = 1–3) complexes matched very closely to the metal-free poly(ferrocenyl)porphyrins previously reported and were assigned as Robin and Day Class II mixed-valence compounds. In the case of CoTFcP, the selective oxidation of a central metal was also demonstrated in the presence of the strong ligand-field anions using oxygen as an oxidant.
Turbulence Dynamics at the Shoal–Channel Interface in a Partially Stratified Estuary

AbstractTurbulence observations at the shoal–channel interface in South San Francisco Bay are described and analyzed in this work. Profiles of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) shear production and dissipation rate are estimated from ADCP beam velocities over a nine-day period during winter 2009 when the estuary was partially stratified. The TKE shear production profiles are consistent with a tidally driven bottom boundary layer, except late in the ebb when shear production intensifies and the region of maximum production is located in the upper half of the water column. A simple scaling for the depth-averaged TKE shear production based on bed friction performs well except during this late ebb period when it fails to predict the peak in shear production, which suggests that a mechanism other than bottom drag drives turbulence dynamics during this period. The profiles of TKE dissipation rates also display a late ebb peak. A lateral circulation develops at the shoal–channel interface during this late ebb perio...
Salivary DNA Evidence Convicts Breeding Male Coyotes of Killing Sheep

Resolving conflicts between predators and livestock producers depends on obtaining reliable information about the predators that kill livestock. We used salivary DNA obtained from attack wounds on domestic sheep carcasses to identify the species of predator responsible for the kill, as well as the sex and individual identity of coyotes (Canis latrans) that killed sheep. Coyotes killed 36 of 37 depredated sheep. Breeding pairs whose territories overlapped sheep grazing areas were the primary predators on domestic sheep, and only breeding pairs killed multiple sheep. Breeding males, acting alone or with their mate, were involved in 21 of 25 kills. Breeding females participated in 13 kills, but only 1 breeding female killed sheep on her own. Transient females did not kill sheep, and both kills by transient males occurred in territories with a breeding vacancy. Our results suggest that predator control should be targeted at breeding male coyotes. Salivary DNA is a potentially powerful means of both investigating predation patterns and evaluating the effectiveness of control at targeting individuals that kill livestock.
Behavioral Methodology in Echolocation by Marine Mammals

Despite the fact that a preponderance of the investigations dealing with echolocation by marine mammals has been done with intact animals performing some characteristic behavior, only a single paper written some fifteen years ago (Turner, 1964) has ever dealt in any profound way with problems of behavioral methodology. The 1964 paper by R. N. Turner addressed itself primarily to conditioned responses and included response measures, techniques of target or signal presentation, threshold measurement and reinforcement contingencies. When Turner’s paper was published, there had only been a few pioneering studies done on porpoise echolocation and hearing, and by today’s standards, these studies were, for the most part, relatively unsophisticated. A recent Russian publication (Lekomtsev and Titov, 1974) attempted to update Turner’s work, but in reality the paper served primarily to highlight Russian behavioral procedures to the study of porpoise sonar abilites.
Anisotropic Thermoelectric Generator Made from Single Crystal Bi Microwire

Currently, for thermoelectric conversion of heat most widely used is the approach based on the Seebeck and Peltier effects created at the interface of two materials with different values S of the Seebeck coefficient. Another type of thermoelectric converter is the anisotropic thermoelement (AT) using anisotropy of thermoelectric power. AT has some advantages: - the transverse thermopower, unlike a conventional thermocouple, is proportional to the temperature gradient (T1- T2)/h instead of the temperature difference T1-T2; - Voltage V is proportional to the length l of AT. To increase the AT output voltage we need either increase the length l of AT or decrease its thickness h. According to our experimental data, to obtain a thermoelectric voltage of 1 V at a transverse temperature gradient of 5 K, the microwire with a diameter of 2 μm and a length of 8 m must be used. In our experimental sample the long wire in glass coating was wound into a flat spiral.
Patients With Brain Metastases Treated Across Two Decades: Times Change But Does Survival Stay the Same?

about the routine recommendation for this treatment without a proven survival benefit. One alternative approach to combined modality therapy is adjuvant SRS (A-SRS) to the post-surgical resection site. Studies of this approach, however, have failed to distinguish between true A-SRS and salvage SRS (S-SRS) to a surgical site that showed evidence of local recurrence prior to treatment. The goal of this retrospective study was to determine the effect of A-SRS to the tumor bed of completely resected BM. Our hypothesis was that A-SRS improves local control (LC) of BM compared to surgery alone or salvage SRS. Materials/Methods: From an institutional-review board approved database of patients receiving SRS at our institution, we identified patients who first underwent surgery for BM. Patients were stratified into two groups on a per lesion basis according to adjuvant treatment received: adjuvant SRS (A-SRS) or no-adjuvant SRS (NA-SRS). Patients with radiographic evidence of residual disease prior to A-SRS were excluded. LC was assessed using follow-up MRI studies and failure was defined as those surgical beds showing new enhancement consistent with tumor recurrence. Progression free survival was calculated from the date of surgery to the date of radiologic failure. LC and PFS were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. A subset of lesions in the NA-SRS cohort that developed local failure (LF) was treated with salvage SRS (S-SRS). LC in this subgroup was assessed using RECIST. Results: Between January 2009 and April 2014, 34 patients who underwent surgical resection of BM showed no evidence of residual disease after surgery. In these patients, there were a total of 39 lesions, classified as NASRS for 27 lesions or A-SRS for 12 lesions. The 6-month local control rate for tumors treated by NA-SRS was 43.5% and 90.9% for tumors treated with A-SRS (pZ0.024). Median progression free survival between NASRS and A-SRS was 129 days and 509 days, respectively (pZ0.025). Thirteen NA-SRS lesions developed LF on follow-up MRI and were treated with subsequent S-SRS. Analysis showed no significant difference in overall 6-month LC between the A-SRS group and the S-SRS group (90.9% vs. 100%, respectively, pZ0.112). Conclusion: A-SRS improves LC and PFS after surgical resection of BM even in the absence of radiographic evidence of residual disease. There was no significant benefit in overall LC when comparing pure adjuvant treatment to salvage SRS. Author Disclosure: A. Yaeh: None. T. Nanda: None. A. Jani: None. S. Saad: None. Y.H. Qureshi: None. K. Cauley: None. S.R. Isaacson: None. M.B. Sisti: None. J.N. Bruce: None. G.M. McKhann: None. A.B. Lassman: None. T.J. Wang: None.
Homeless children--a challenge for pediatricians

The health status of homeless children has become of major concern as the numbers of homeless families and children has dramatically increased in the United States over the past decade. There is some evidence to suggest that the health problems of homeless children are of greater frequency and of greater severity than those of poor children with homes. It is imperative that pediatricians begin to play a major role in handling this problem before the health status of this disenfranchized group of children is jeopardized even further.
Thresholds of shock-induced discomfort in process and reactive schizophrenics.

30 process and 30 reactive schizophrenics were given aversive conditioning trials in which they were asked to determine the highest level of shock intensity they could tolerate. Results indicate th...
Cutting Certain Minimum Corners

(1976). Cutting Certain Minimum Corners. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 83, No. 5, pp. 361-365.
Electrolyte Dependence of CO2 Electroreduction: Tetraalkylammonium Ions Are Not Electrocatalysts

The ability of tetraalkylammonium ions (NR4+) to facilitate CO2 electroreduction at various electrode surfaces has been investigated. Scan rate dependence shows this process to be diffusion-controlled and largely independent of working electrode material. Variation of the R groups on NR4+ is shown to have little effect on the reduction potential, indicating that catalysis via reduced NR4• species, as previously proposed in the literature, is not a viable mechanism for CO2 electroreduction. Rather, CO2 is reduced via outer-sphere electron transfer according to the mechanism put forth by Saveant and co-workers [Lamy, E.; Nadjo, L.; Saveant, J.-M. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1977, 78, 403−407]. This view is supported by a full analysis of the reaction products, which consist exclusively of CO and CO32–, as well as solvent decomposition products formed at the counter electrode. No degradation of NR4+ ions is observed, which rules out the transient formation of NR4• radical species during electroreduction. However, ...
Role of Vindication Motivation in the Attitude Similarity-Attraction Relationship

The hypothesized interactive effect of need for vindication in the relationship between attitude similarity and attraction was confirmed (p < .05) for 133 male but not for 129 female undergraduates tested.
Regulatory T Cells Control Th2-Dominant Murine Autoimmune Gastritis

Pernicious anemia and gastric carcinoma are serious sequelae of autoimmune gastritis (AIG). Our study indicates that in adult C57BL/6-DEREG mice expressing a transgenic diphtheria toxin receptor under the Foxp3 promoter, transient regulatory T cell (Treg) depletion results in long-lasting AIG associated with both H(+)K(+)ATPase and intrinsic factor autoantibody responses. Although functional Tregs emerge over time during AIG occurrence, the effector T cells rapidly become less susceptible to Treg-mediated suppression. Whereas previous studies have implicated dysregulated Th1 cell responses in AIG pathogenesis, eosinophils have been detected in gastric biopsy specimens from patients with AIG. Indeed, AIG in DEREG mice is associated with strong Th2 cell responses, including dominant IgG1 autoantibodies, elevated serum IgE, increased Th2 cytokine production, and eosinophil infiltration in the stomach-draining lymph nodes. In addition, the stomachs exhibit severe mucosal and muscular hypertrophy, parietal cell loss, mucinous epithelial cell metaplasia, and massive eosinophilic inflammation. Notably, the Th2 responses and gastritis severity are significantly ameliorated in IL-4- or eosinophil-deficient mice. Furthermore, expansion of both Th2-promoting IFN regulatory factor 4(+) programmed death ligand 2(+) dendritic cells and ILT3(+) rebounded Tregs was detected after transient Treg depletion. Collectively, these data suggest that Tregs maintain physiological tolerance to clinically relevant gastric autoantigens, and Th2 responses can be a pathogenic mechanism in AIG.
Surgical disconnection of the small intestine as a contribution to plastic surgery

Hohe Rezidivrate und Therapieresistenz der diatetischen Gewichtsreduktion fuhren den ubergewichtigen Patienten zum Chirurgen. Er kann Fettdepots resezieren, den Magen verkleinern oder durch Jejunoileostomie uber eine Malabsorption eine Calorienreduktion herbeifuhren. Der MagenbypaB ist geeignet zur Behandlung des fettsuchtigen Kindes. Die DunndarmauBchaltung ist indiziert bei mehr als 100% Ubergewicht. Der pathologische Stoffwechsel normalisiert sich. Die Patienten erreichen nahezu ihr Normalgewicht. Plastische Korrekturen sind dann sinnvoll.
A new species of Henriettea (Melastomataceae) from the Sierra de Baoruco, the Dominican Republic

Henriettea uniflora, which is known only from a diverse moist montane forest in the vicinity of Loma Trocha de Pey (or "Monteada Nueva"), Loma Pie de Palo, and Loma Remigio, the easternmost peaks of the Sierra de Baoruco, is described and illustrated. It is compared to species of the Henriettea squamulosa complex, especially H. squamulosa and H. ciliata. The species of this complex are character- ized by an indumentum of ferruginous, stellate-lepidote hairs.
The Tyrant’s Wife and the Continuo Player: Using Recitative to Read Handel’s Operatic Characters

ABSTRACTComplete analyses of Handel’s operatic characters require balanced consideration of both arias and recitativo semplice. When defined exclusively by the arias, the archetype of the betrayed wife or betrothed projects a limited range of affects: mainly melancholic or dutiful. Even though the arias do open spaces for individual reflection, much detail about the characters’ behavior and pathos is found in the recitative, in the moments when characters carry on in “real time,” surrounded by others. Polissena from Radamisto (1720) and Irene from Tamerlano (1724) provide case studies for the analysis of simple recitative, wherein Polissena emerges as fiercely defiant, Irene as devious and cunning.
Implementation of the WECC Composite Load Model for utilities using the component-based modeling approach

This paper presents an approach for developing dynamic load model data records for use in planning studies. The load model structure used is the so-called WECC Composite Load Model (CLM). The approach is based on using information about customer classes, various load components in each customer class, and electrical characteristics of each load component. The process is implemented in a tool that can be customized for an individual utility based on its geographical location within the US. Also, the tool can be refined over time due to changing load mix or as more accurate information becomes available. The output of the tool is a dynamic data record for the CLM which can be readily used in dynamic simulations. The main objective of these efforts is to provide an easy-to-use tool for transmission planners to develop load composition for CLM that can be used in time-domain dynamic simulations.
PRODUCTIVITY OF OSPREYS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA

The decrease in numbers of Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) that coincided with the use of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides aroused interest in determining their population sizes and productivity in North America (e.g., Henny and Wight 1969, Henny and Ogden 1970, Henny 1975, Henny and Noltemeier 1975, Wiemeyer et al. 1975, Roberts and Lind 1977). Many populations along the east coast of the United States have been monitored for the past 15 years (Henny and Ogden 1970). These populations consist of migratory Ospreys that spend the winter in Central and South America (Henny and Van Velzen 1972). Within North America, non-migratory populations of Ospreys are currently found in southern Florida (Ogden 1975, 1977) and in Baja California, along the coast of Sonora, and throughout the Gulf of California islands, Mexico (Friedman et al. 1950). Prior to 1930, the Baja California population extended into southern California (Kenyon 1947, Jones and Diamond 1976). A recent aerial survey of the Baja California and Gulf of California regions resulted in an estimated population of 810 + 55 pairs of Ospreys (Henny and Anderson 1979). This paper reports the results of an investigation of the phenology of reproduction and productivity of a portion of this population during 1977 and 1978.
OpenSHMEM Non-blocking Data Movement Operations with MVAPICH2-X: Early Experiences

PGAS models with a lightweight synchronization and shared memory abstraction, are seen as a good alternative to the Message Passing model for irregular communication patterns. OpenSHMEM is a library based PGAS model. OpenSHMEM 1.3 introduced Non-Blocking data movement operations to provide better asynchronous progress and overlap. In this paper, we present our experiences in designing Non-Blocking Put and Get operations on InfiniBand systems. Using the MVAPICH2-X runtime, we present the alternative designs for intra-node and inter-node operations. We also present a set of new benchmarks to analyze the latency, message rate performance, and communication/computation overlap benefits. The performance evaluation shows 7X improvement in the message rate. Furthermore, using a 3D-Stencil based application kernel, we assess the benefits of OpenSHMEM Non-Blocking extensions. We show 50% and 28% improvement on 27 and 64 processes, respectively.
WRF inversion base height ensembles for simulating marine boundary layer stratocumulus

Abstract Increasing distributed rooftop solar photovoltaic generation in the southern California coast necessitates accurate solar forecasts. In summertime mornings marine boundary layer stratocumulus commonly covers the southern California coast. The inland extent of cloud cover varies primarily depending on the temperature inversion base height (IBH, i.e. boundary layer height) and topography as confirmed using radiosonde sounding measurement and satellite irradiance data. Most operational numerical weather prediction models consistently overestimate irradiance and underpredict cloud cover extent and cloud thickness, presumably due to an underprediction of IBH. A thermodynamic method was developed to modify the boundary layer temperature and moisture profiles to better represent the boundary layer structure in the Weather and Research Forecasting model (WRF). Validation against satellite global horizontal irradiance (GHI) demonstrated that the best IBH ensemble improves GHI accuracy by 23% mean absolute error compared to the baseline WRF model and is similar to 24-h persistence forecasts for coastal marine layer region. The spatial error maps showed deeper inland cloud cover. Validation against ground observations showed that IBH ensembles were able to outperform persistence forecast at coastal stations.
Law and Odor: Elusive Copyright and Other Intellectual Property Protections for Fragrances

Like the media and entertainment industries whose principal marketable “product” is information, the fragrance industry has become unusually vulnerable to new technologies, gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry in particular, which enable legal appropriation of once-proprietary knowledge. Accordingly, the fragrance industry has recently pursued various forms of legal protection not previously sought, including copyright for its most valuable assets: fragrance formulas. This discussion focuses particularly on the tenability of recent litigation in France and the Netherlands that has turned on the question whether fragrances may qualify as copyrightable works. The contrary opinions that various courts have expressed on this issue ultimately lead to the question whether the relatively limited ability of human olfaction, and specifically humans’ exiguous capacity to perceive the originality of scents, should determine whether copyright should be afforded works of fragrance created through human ingenuity and creativity. The article concludes by considering whether the fragrance industry’s ongoing viability may depend upon enactment of sui generis intellectual property protections along the lines of those provided to other industries that have claimed danger of atrophy without such exceptional treatment. It suggests it does not and that, though frail, existing intellectual property protection is adequate for this industry.
33 – Models of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome—Aspiration

The purpose of this chapter is to define various models of acute lung injury that result in adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Models of acute lung injury can be divided into two broad categories: models that utilize direct pulmonary insults to produce lung injury and models that rely on distant noxious stimuli to produce lung injury. The models employing distant noxious stimuli are generally intraabdominal vs. extremity ischemia-reperfusion models. One of the most common models of sterile inflammation producing acute lung injury (ALI) is cerulein-induced pancreatitis. This model is generally employed in rats and utilizes cerulein, a cholecystokinin analog infused intravenously in supramaximal doses to induce acute pancreatitis. Although this model produces reversible edematous pancreatitis as opposed to rapidly progressive lethal pancreatitis, histological and physiological changes in the lung are very similar in patients with ARDS. In this model, significant lung injury is produced anywhere from 3 to 6 hr after cerulein infusion is started. Classically, cerulein infusion produces increased pulmonary microvascular permeability and wet lung weights, intraalveolar hemorrhage, endothelial cell disruption, and neutrophil sequestration.