cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes in brain cyclic AMP levels during chronic ethanol treatment and withdrawal in the rat

Abstract Changes in 3′,5′-cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in four gross brain areas were determined during ethanol treatment and withdrawal in rat brain. Control levels of cAMP in pmol/mg dry weight were: cortex, 7.1±1.0; cerebellum, 7.1±1.1; midbrain, 9.8 ± 1.1; pons-medulla, 8.2 ± 1.0. In all brain areas, cAMP levels were decreased about 40% by ethanol treatment (intragastric administration; 20% ethanol (w/vol) in saline). Following termination of treatment with ethanol, cAMP levels returned to the normal range. In the cortex and pons-medulla, changes in cAMP levels during the withdrawal reaction correlated (r = 0.81 and 0.71, respectively) temporally with the intensity of hyperactivity.
Simplified calibration of single-plunge bipolar electrode array for field measurement during defibrillation

In an earlier study, the authors presented a calibration technique for a triaxial bipolar electrode array (EA) that used 72 data points collected during a global sweep of the electric field vector relative to the EA axes. Although necessary for the initial characterization of the EAs, this data requirement has to be significantly reduced for the technique to become a practical tool. Therefore, in the present study, an analysis is performed to determine the relation between the number of data points used in the calibration and the mean root-mean-square error. The analysis shows that 18 data points can produce results nearly identical to those obtained with the 72-point calibration, thus reducing the required amount of data fourfold.
Asymptotic theory for fractionally integrated asymmetric power ARCH models

Abstract Consistency and asymptotic normality of quasi-maximum likelihood estimators (QMLEs) for the fractionally integrated asymmetric power ARCH (FIAPARCH) process are proved. The moment conditions are assumed only for standardized errors. We show the properties for a wide range of QMLEs including Gaussian QMLE.
Firing Savinsk magnesite in rotary kilns

Savinsk magnesite (lump and briquetted from the concentrate) can be thoroughly fired in rotary kilns of different sizes at a flame temperature of 1700–1750°C. The porosity of the powder is proportional to the size of the charge of raw material. During the firing of lump magnesite of all grades and briquette from ground concentrate it is possible to obtain powder with a porosity of 5–7%. When magnesite is being fired in a rotary kiln with a preparatory grid and when the raw materials charged amount to 1.5–2.0 times greater than when firing is done without the grid, a moderate-porosity powder is obtained. Thus, the fitting of a preparatory grid may increase the output of the furnace, and improve the quality of the product. During the firing of Savinsk lump and briquetted magnesite in rotary kilns in semiindustrial and industrial conditions, there is no bear formation, ringing, or crust formation on the lining of the furnace.
Neuritic outgrowth in primary cell culture of neurons from the squid, Loligo pealei

Giant fiber lobe (GFL) cells obtained from healthy squid reliably produced neuritic processes in culture. The processes were of two types, a sheet-like veil or thin branching neurites. The latter type was often associated with bulbous expansions (presumptive growth cones), at the termini, at branch points, or at sites of apparent contact among branches from two different cells. On poly-L-lysine substrate, veiling usually occurred by the fourth or fifth day in culture, while the branching processes appeared by one week to ten days. The elaboration of the outgrowths by the GFL neurons was influenced by the culture substrate and incubation temperature. The development of a preparation in which isolated GFL somata extend neurites in an easily controlled environment will permit the detailed study of axon fusion, channel expression and turnover, and synapse formation in the neurons.
Origin of hyperactivity in the hamster dorsal cochlear nucleus following intense sound exposure

This study sought to determine whether maintenance of noise-induced dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) hyperactivity depends on descending projections. Twenty-two hamsters were exposed under anesthesia to a 10-kHz tone at 125-130 dB SPL for 4 hr, and another 21 unexposed animals served as controls. After approximately 4-6 weeks of recovery, surgical transections were made to isolate the DCN from its adjacent brainstem structures. Spontaneous multiunit activity was recorded from the DCN surface 30-40 min after the surgical manipulations. Spontaneous rates were derived from the recording sites of the DCN along its mediolateral axis for each animal, yielding average spontaneous rates for both control and exposed groups. Histology was performed to assess the degree of sectioning of descending fiber tract connections to the cochlear nucleus, via the acoustic striae route, subpeduncular route, trapezoid body route, and ventral route of the olivocochlear bundle connection. The results showed that complete or nearly complete transections of descending inputs did not affect significantly the magnitude of DCN hyperactivity. However, this manipulation triggered a lateral shift of the peak mean rate, suggesting that descending inputs may play a modulatory role on the profile of DCN hyperactivity. Indeed, exposed animals with transection of only the strial route of entry manifested a level of hyperactivity much higher than that observed in exposed animals in which no sections were performed. This enhancement of DCN hyperactivity was weakened by damage to the subpeduncular or trapezoid routes of input, suggesting that the dorsally located inputs may have an inhibitory effect on DCN hyperactivity.
Paleoseismic Sand Blows in North Louisiana and South Arkansas

Aerial photography from the 1940s through 1950s of the Wisconsinan and Holocene portion of the lower Mississippi alluvial valley from 32°N to 34.6°N identifies three previously unrecognized areas that have circular to elliptical tonal anomalies similar in size, shape, and spacing to the aerial photography signature of sand blows previously documented in this region by trenching. Coring, ground conductivity surveying, trenching, sedimentological/soil analysis, and age analysis by 14C and luminescence techniques demonstrate that these three areas are fields of seismically induced sand blows of late Holocene age. The sand blows have a “popcorn” pattern indicative of hydraulic fracturing of surficial clay and a local seismic source. We found evidence for one sand-blow episode in Richland Parish, Louisiana, between 300 and 5,900 yr B.P., for two episodes in Morehouse Parish, Louisiana, that both occurred between 650 and 3900 yr B.P., and for two in Bradley County, Arkansas circa 1400 to 1760 yr B.P. and circa 1050 to 1400 yr B.P. The older buried blow in Morehouse Parish has a large vent several meters wide, which we attribute to lateral spreading rather than hydraulic fracturing, perhaps triggered by a large earthquake. Thus at least three (probably more) paleoearthquakes between 700 and 8,000 years ago caused the sand blows in south Arkansas and north Louisiana, but more data is needed to establish a clear chronology. Based on spatial and temporal relationships, we speculate that the paleoearthquakes that triggered these sand venting episodes accompanied reactivation of the Triassic Saline River fault zone or related faults of the rifted Gulf of Mexico margin.
Membrane Tether Extraction from Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells and Its Implication in Leukocyte Rolling

During the rolling of human neutrophils on the endothelium, tethers (cylindrical membrane tubes) are likely extracted from the neutrophil. Tether extraction reduces the force imposed on the adhesive bond between the neutrophil and endothelium, thereby facilitating the rolling. However, whether tethers can be extracted from the endothelium is still unknown. Here, with the micropipette-aspiration technique, we show that tethers can be extracted from either suspended or attached human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We also show that a linear relationship between the pulling force and tether growth velocity exists and this relationship does not depend on the receptor type (used to impose point forces), tumor necrosis factor-α stimulation, or cell attachment state. With linear regression, we determined that the threshold force was 50 pN and the effective viscosity was 0.50 pN·s/μm. Therefore, tethers might be simultaneously extracted from the neutrophil and endothelial cell during the rolling and, more importantly, the endothelial cell might contribute much more to the total composite tether length than the neutrophil. Compared with tether extraction from the neutrophil alone, simultaneous tether extraction results in a larger increase in the lifetime of the adhesive bond, and thus further stabilizes the rolling of neutrophils under high physiological shear stresses.
Intramolecular hydrogen bonding in simple diamides

Abstract Intramolecular hydrogen bonding is detected in a homologous series of diamides by NMR and IR spectroscopy. Variable temperature NMR experiments reveal a particularly favorable interaction when the hydrogen bond involves a nine-membered ring.
Power-law and exponential creep in class M materials: discrepancies in experimental observations and implications for creep modeling

Abstract This paper discusses our current understanding of the processes thought to be dominant in the exponential creep regime as well as the implications for creep modeling relating to both power-law and exponential creep regions. The significance and implications of creep controlled by vacancy diffusion along dislocation cores are discussed. It is pointed out that creep substructures, other than subgrains, have been reported in the literature, and a bifurcation diagram is presented to demonstrate how this evolution can occur from an initially homogeneous dislocation substructure. The use of nonlinear dislocation dynamics in creep modeling is advocated to rationalize the observed diversity in the creep substructures. It is demonstrated that the dislocation substructure evolution models can be coupled with a viscoplastic model through the volume fractions of the ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ phases. This coupling is shown to lead to the stress-subgrain size relationship in a simple and a natural way.
Economic fluctuations in a model of input and output growth in Japan (1965–90)

Abstract A dynamic optimization model is proposed for analyzing the convergence of the growth paths of labor and capital and total output and empirically estimated for Japan over the period 1965]90. This analysis provides strong empirical evidence for the dynamic role of the labor input and its faster speed of convergence to the steady state compared to the capital input. The analysis of Solow-type productivity residual along the growth path shows a striking procyclical feature, which may be due to various asymmetrical effects of the input adjustment path for capital. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.
Calibration of a Polarization Diverse Array

Direction finding (DF) performance is assessed for an array of airborne vector sensors whose manifold is perturbed. A calibration algorithm explicitly accounting for the polarization diverse nature of the vector sensor is developed. DF performance improvements are demonstrated with use of the proposed calibration algorithm.
Translation of hypertension treatment guidelines into practice: a review of implementation

Compared with the history of national guideline development, the science attached to implementation of guidelines is relatively new. Effectiveness of a highly evidence-based guideline, such as the 8th Joint National Committee recommendations on the treatment of high blood pressure, depends on successful translation into clinical practice. Implementation relies on several steps: clear and executable guideline language, audit and feedback attached to education of practitioners charged with carrying out the guidelines, team-based care delivery, credibility of blood pressure measurement, and measures to address therapeutic inertia and medication adherence. An evolving role of the electronic health record and patient empowerment are developments that will further promote implementation of the hypertension guideline. Further research will be needed to assess the efficacy and cost effectiveness of various implementation tools and strategies.
Anatomic Variants on Computed Tomography in Congenital Aural Atresia

ObjectiveTo report the prevalence of anatomic variants on computed tomography (CT) in congenital aural atresia (CAA) and external auditory canal stenosis (EACS). Anatomic variants included inferiorly displaced/obstructing tegmen mastoideum, malleus-incus complex (MIC) directly lateral to stapes, facial nerve obstruction of oval window (OW) or middle ear, and incudostapedial joint (ISJ) angle.Study DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTertiary care children’s hospital.Subjects and MethodsAn anatomic analysis of 130 CT scans (98 children, 32 bilateral) of CAA/EACS, performed by a blinded neuroradiologist. Both Jahrsdoerfer’s and new/modified anatomic considerations were graded in 32 atresiaplasty and 66 nonsurgical patients. Surgical data were analyzed for anatomic correlations related to surgical findings.ResultsPrevalence of anatomic variants was as follows: 13% of the ears had mild inferior displacement of tegmen, 4% had a significantly obstructing tegmen, and 24% had MIC directly lateral to stapes. The fa...
Integration of CONTAIN Liquid Metal Models Into the MELCOR Code

A sodium coolant accident analysis code is necessary to provide regulators with a means of performing confirmatory analyses for future sodium reactor licensing submissions. MELCOR and CONTAIN, which are currently employed by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for light water reactor (LWR) licensing, have been traditionally used for level 2 and level 3 probabilistic analyses as well as containment design basis accident analysis. To meet future regulatory needs, new models will be added to the MELCOR code for simulation of Liquid Metal Reactor (LMR) designs. Existing models developed for separate effects codes will be integrated into the MELCOR architecture. This work integrates those CONTAIN code capabilities that feasibly fit within the MELCOR code architecture.Implementation of such models for sodium reactor simulation into an actively maintained, full-featured, integrated severe accident code fills a significant gap in capability for providing the necessary analysis tools for regulatory licensing. Current work scope will focus on the following implementation goals:• Phase 1: Implement sodium Equations of State (EOS) as a working fluid for a MELCOR calculation from:○ The fusion safety database○ The SIMMER-III Code○ The SAS4a Code• Phase 2: Examine and test changes to the CONTAIN-LMR Implemented by Japan Atomic Energy Agency, specifically:○ Aerosol Condensation○ Implementation of the capability for simultaneous sodium and water condensation modeling• Phase 3: Implementation and Validation of CONTAIN physics models:○ Sodium Spray Fires (including new test data)○ Sodium Pool Modeling○ Sodium Pool Fires• Phase 4: Implementation and Validation of CONTAIN chemistry models:○ Debris Bed/Concrete Cavity Interactions○ Sodium Pool Chemistry○ Atmospheric ChemistryAn option for changing the EOS for the MELCOR working fluid from water to liquid metal and the heat transfer from water/steam to liquid metal has been implemented into MELCOR. The property models implemented include an analytic EOS model developed for the SIMMER-III code and the fusion safety works done at Idaho National Laboratory (INL). This paper provides a summary of the status of the code development work. A description of the current models implemented together with user requirements and test calculations will be presented.© 2014 ASME
Current mode transceiver logic, (CMTL) for reduced swing CMOS, chip to chip communication

A reduced voltage swing CMOS interface for differential and single-ended signaling is presented. Differential 400-MHz transmitter/receiver operation with a 5-V supply and 300-MHz operation with a 3.3-V supply are both shown. Results showing PECL (positive ECL) compatibility are also presented. >
Hamilton–Pontryagin Integrators on Lie Groups Part I: Introduction and Structure-Preserving Properties

In this paper, structure-preserving time-integrators for rigid body-type mechanical systems are derived from a discrete Hamilton–Pontryagin variational principle. From this principle, one can derive a novel class of variational partitioned Runge–Kutta methods on Lie groups. Included among these integrators are generalizations of symplectic Euler and Stormer–Verlet integrators from flat spaces to Lie groups. Because of their variational design, these integrators preserve a discrete momentum map (in the presence of symmetry) and a symplectic form. In a companion paper, we perform a numerical analysis of these methods and report on numerical experiments on the rigid body and chaotic dynamics of an underwater vehicle. The numerics reveal that these variational integrators possess structure-preserving properties that methods designed to preserve momentum (using the coadjoint action of the Lie group) and energy (for example, by projection) lack.
Applications of mRNA injections for analyzing cell lineage and asymmetric cell divisions during segmentation in the leech Helobdella robusta

Synthetic mRNAs can be injected to achieve transient gene expression even for 'non-model' organisms in which genetic approaches are not feasible. Here, we have used this technique to express proteins that can serve as lineage tracers or reporters of cellular events in embryos of the glossiphoniid leech Helobdella robusta (phylum Annelida). As representatives of the proposed super-phylum Lophotrochozoa, glossiphoniid leeches are of interest for developmental and evolutionary comparisons. Their embryos are suitable for microinjection, but no genetic approaches are currently available. We have injected segmentation stem cells (teloblasts) with mRNAs encoding nuclear localized green fluorescent protein (nGFP) and its spectral variants, and have used tandem injections of nGFP mRNA followed by antisense morpholino oligomer (AS MO), to label single blast cell clones. These techniques permit high resolution cell lineage tracing in living embryos. We have applied them to the primary neurogenic (N) lineage, in which alternate segmental founder cells (nf and ns blast cells) contribute distinct sets of progeny to the segmental ganglia. The nf and ns blast cell clones exhibit strikingly different cell division patterns: the increase in cell number within the nf clone is roughly linear, while that in the ns clone is almost exponential. To analyze spindle dynamics in the asymmetric divisions of individual blast cells, we have injected teloblasts with mRNA encoding a tau::GFP fusion protein. Our results show that the asymmetric divisions of n blast cells result from a posterior shift of both the spindle within the cell and the midbody within the mitotic spindle, with differential regulation of these processes between nf and ns.
Outcome measures in burn care. Is mortality dead

Health care systems constantly struggle with ways to provide higher quality care in a cost-effective manner. Outcome measures serve to evaluate what works and what does not. Whether they are used for research or for the improvement of clinical practice, they are as such, efficiency markers and the first step in determining the consequences of health care. The accomplishments of the past decade have placed us in the midst of an exciting paradigm shift from what used to be primary concern (i.e. mortality), to areas that are more likely to enhance the quality of life of burn survivors. Optimal management of severely burned persons is enormously expensive, and even after survival is ensured, may require a protracted period of surgical, medical and psychological rehabilitative measures for many years. This article aims to review the outcome measures in the acute phase of burn management (mortality and morbidity from the post-burn hypermetabolic response). We further discuss long-term outcome measures (such as, quality of life measures, exercise tolerance and evaluation of return to pre-burn activities) that are now becoming of equal importance as the numbers of burn survivors increase.
A Protective Role for Human IL-10–Expressing CD4+ T Cells in Colitis

IL-10 is an immunoregulatory cytokine expressed by numerous cell types. Studies in mice confirm that different IL-10–expressing cell subsets contribute differentially to disease phenotypes. However, little is known about the relationship between cell- or tissue-specific IL-10 expression and disease susceptibility in humans. In this study, we used the previously described human (h)IL10BAC transgenic model to examine the role of hIL-10 in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Genomically controlled hIL-10 expression rescued Il10−/− mice from Helicobacter-induced colitis and was associated with control of proinflammatory cytokine expression and Th17 cell accumulation in gut tissues. Resistance to colitis was associated with an accumulation of hIL-10–expressing CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells specifically within the lamina propria but not other secondary lymphoid tissues. Cotransfer of CD4+CD45RBlo cells from Il10−/−/hIL10BAC mice rescued Rag1−/− mice from colitis, further suggesting that CD4+ T cells represent a protective source of hIL-10 in the colon. In concordance with an enhanced capacity to express IL-10, CD4+CD44+ T cells isolated from the lamina propria exhibited lower levels of the repressive histone mark H3K27Me3 and higher levels of the permissive histone mark acetylated histone H3 in both the human and mouse IL10 locus compared with the spleen. These results provide experimental evidence verifying the importance of T cell-derived hIL-10 expression in controlling inflammation within the colonic mucosa. We also provide molecular evidence suggesting the tissue microenvironment influences IL-10 expression patterns and chromatin structure in the human (and mouse) IL10 locus.
Phylogenetic placement of Diplocystis wrightii in the Sclerodermatineae (Boletales) based on nuclear ribosomal large subunit DNA sequences

Diplocystis wrightii is an enigmatic gasteroid basidiomycete from the Caribbean. It has taxonomic affiliations with Lycoperdaceae, Broomeiaceae, and Sclerodermataceae. This study sampled ITS and 28S ribosomal genes from three D. wrightii specimens to determine the phylogenetic placement and the closest relatives of this species. Results of database searches and phylogenetic analysis indicate this species to be a member of the Sclerodermatineae and most closely related to the genera Astraeus and Tremellogaster.
SubGemini: Identifying SubCircuits using a Fast Subgraph Isomorphism Algorithm

The problem of finding subcircuits in a larger circuit arises in many contexts in computer-aided design. This is a problem currently solved using ad hoc techniques that rely on the circuit technology and implementation details. For example, channel graphs and signal flow are often used to extract simple gates from a transistor layout. Such techniques, however, do not generalize to different subcircuit structures and do not transfer to other technologies. We present a technology-independent algorithm for this problem based on a solution to the subgraph isomorphism problem. Although this problem is known to be NP-complete, our solution is very fast in practice for real circuits. We describe the algorithm, which uses an extension of the graph partitioning algorithm used by Gemini [3] for graph isomorphism, and present experimental results that show that the typical running time for large CMOS circuits is approximately linear in the total number of devices within the subcircuits being matched.
Adolescents with bulimia nervosa and eating disorder not otherwise specified-purging only

Objective The purpose of the study was to better understand the phenomenology of bulimic symptomatology in an adolescent clinic sample. Method Adolescents with bulimia nervosa (BN; n = 36) and eating disorders not otherwise specified- purging but no objective bulimic episodes (EDNOS-P; n = 20) were compared on the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (K-SADS). Results Subjects with EDNOS-P and BN were equivalent in terms of age and weight, but were less likely to have intact families. Nearly one half of EDNOS-P subjects purged exclusively outside of eating episodes in which they experienced a sense of loss of control. Although still at clinically significant levels, EDNOS-P subjects reported less concerns regarding weight, shape, and eating relative to BN. Groups were not significantly different on psychiatric comorbidity, but differed on self-esteem. Discussion Results prompt reappraisal of current criteria of BN to encompass those who purge without binge eating. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. &!ndash;
A Novel FtsZ-Like Protein Is Involved in Replication of the Anthrax Toxin-Encoding pXO1 Plasmid in Bacillus anthracis

Plasmid pXO1 encodes the tripartite anthrax toxin, which is the major virulence factor of Bacillus anthracis. In spite of the important role of pXO1 in anthrax pathogenesis, very little is known about its replication and maintenance in B. anthracis. We cloned a 5-kb region of the pXO1 plasmid into an Escherichia coli vector and showed that this plasmid can replicate when introduced into B. anthracis. Mutational analysis showed that open reading frame 45 (repX) of pXO1 was required for the replication of the miniplasmid in B. anthracis. Interestingly, repX showed limited homology to bacterial FtsZ proteins that are involved in cell division. A mutation in the predicted GTP binding domain of RepX abolished its replication activity. Genes almost identical to repX are contained on several megaplasmids in members of the Bacillus cereus group, including a B. cereus strain that causes an anthrax-like disease. Our results identify a novel group of FtsZ-related initiator proteins that are required for the replication of virulence plasmids in B. anthracis and possibly in related organisms. Such replication proteins may provide novel drug targets for the elimination of plasmids encoding the anthrax toxin and other virulence factors.
Radiography of microcalcifications in stereotaxic mammary core biopsy specimens.

PURPOSE: To describe the technique of specimen radiography in stereotaxically guided core biopsies and evaluate its role in detection and diagnosis of microcalcifications in breast tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Specimens from 361 stereotaxic breast core biopsies of 72 nonpalpable lesions with mammographic evidence of microcalcifications were obtained from 65 patients. Specimens were placed in saline on microscope slides and radiographed. RESULTS: Microcalcifications were detected radiographically in 146 of 361 (40%) cores. If calcifications were present on specimen radiographs, histologic detection of these calcifications was made in 114 of 146 (78%) specimens, and diagnosis was made in 118 of 146 (81%). If calcifications were not present on specimen radiographs, histologic detection was obtained in 27 of 215 (13%) specimens and specific diagnosis in 81 of 215 (38%). CONCLUSION: Specimen radiography should be routinely performed in stereotaxic core biopsies of breast microcalcifications to ensure appropr...
Cleavage of model substrates by archaeal RNase P: role of protein cofactors in cleavage-site selection

RNase P is a catalytic ribonucleoprotein primarily involved in tRNA biogenesis. Archaeal RNase P comprises a catalytic RNase P RNA (RPR) and at least four protein cofactors (RPPs), which function ...
The effects of home page design on consumer responses: Moderating role of centrality of visual product aesthetics

This study examined the effect of home page design on consumer responses based on the Hierarchy of Effects model and impression formation theory. The design of the study was a one factor (home page design: image- vs. text-oriented) between-subjects design with two moderators, brand familiarity and the centrality of visual product aesthetics (CVPA). College women (N=658) participated in this online experiment. The findings revealed that: (1) an image-oriented design is more effective in enhancing a home page's visual fluency, and (2) people in both high and low CVPA groups preferred an image-oriented home page to a text-oriented home page.
Prospecting for in situ resources on the Moon and Mars using wheel-based sensors

The Apollo and Russian missions during 1970s were reviewed to rediscover the type and distribution of minerals on the Moon. This study revealed that the Moon has a restricted set of minerals when compared with the Earth. Results from lunar minerals brought back to Earth, indicate that the Moon lacks water, hydroxyl ions, and carbon based minerals. This mineral set is probably incomplete and so is the motivation for prospecting for other minerals using wheel-base sensors. Our approach to prospecting utilizes a vehicle with sensors embedded in a wheel that allow measurements while the vehicle is in motion. Once a change in soil composition is detected, decision making software stops the vehicle and analytical instruments perform a more quantitative soil analysis. This paper discusses instrumentation and data derived from wheel-based sensors.
Presidential Influence of the News Media: The Case of the Press Conference

Can presidents influence news coverage through their press conferences? Scant research has explored this question leaving two possible answers. On the one hand, presidential news management efforts, combined with norms of journalistic professionalism and the cost of producing news, suggest that the nightly news will cover presidential press conferences. On the other hand, the costs of delivering press conferences espoused by some scholars insinuate that press conferences will have little impact on news coverage. To determine whether the press conference influences news coverage, I use plagiarism detection software to assess the propensity of television news to incorporate the president's rhetoric into stories that cover the president's press conferences. I find that news reports on the press conference rely heavily on the president's words, indicating that it is an important event for presidential influence of the news media and perhaps eventually the public.
Characterization of oil shale, isolated kerogen, and postpyrolysis residues using advanced 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Characterization of oil shale kerogen and organic residues remaining in postpyrolysis spent shale is critical to the understanding of the oil generation process and approaches to dealing with issues related to spent shale. The chemical structure of organic matter in raw oil shale and spent shale samples was examined in this study using advanced solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Oil shale was collected from Mahogany zone outcrops in the Piceance Basin. Five samples were analyzed: (1) raw oil shale, (2) isolated kerogen, (3) oil shale extracted with chloroform, (4) oil shale retorted in an open system at 500C to mimic surface retorting, and (5) oil shale retorted in a closed system at 360C to simulate in-situ retorting. The NMR methods applied included quantitative direct polarization with magic-angle spinning at 13 kHz, cross polarization with total sideband suppression, dipolar dephasing, CHn selection, 13C chemical shift anisotropy filtering, and 1H-13C long-range recoupled dipolar dephasing. The NMR results showed that, relative to the raw oil shale, (1) bitumen extraction and kerogen isolation by demineralization removed some oxygen-containing and alkyl moieties; (2) unpyrolyzed samples had low aromatic condensation; (3) oil shale pyrolysis removed aliphatic moieties, leaving behind residues enriched in aromatic carbon; and (4) oil shale retorted in an open system at 500C contained larger aromatic clusters and more protonated aromatic moieties than oil shale retorted in a closed system at 360C, which contained more total aromatic carbon with a wide range of cluster sizes.
Design and Implementation of Rural Educational Resource Regional Service Platform

Rural educational resource regional service platform is service-oriented, providing personalized service to users anywhere who participate in distance education. Users can acquire resources based on their interests, achieving to share educational resources in the maximum extent. The paper first briefly analyses the mode, the present situation and the characteristics of rural education, then puts forward the regional service model of educational resources model based on the inadequacy of existing model, and explains the rural educational resources regional service platform detailedly from several aspects such as structure, function and development and implementation.
The Average Total Power Consumption of Cooperative Hybrid-ARQ on Quasi-Static Rayleigh Fading Links

In this paper, the average total power consumption per information packet is investigated for a cooperative hybrid automatic-repeat-request (H-ARQ) protocol in a quasistatic Rayleigh fading environment. Specifically, a closed-form expression of the average total transmission power is obtained for the cooperative H-ARQ relay protocol, in which the source may use different transmission power level in different (re-)transmission rounds. The closed-form expression is valid for any maximum number of (re-)transmission rounds L allowed by the protocol and may play a key role thereafter in optimizing power allocation. Since the closed-form expression is complicated for large L, an approximation of the average total transmission power is developed which is asymptotically tight at high SNR. Extensive simulation and numerical results are also provided herein to illustrate and validate the theoretical results.
GeoCollaborative crisis management: using maps to mediate EOC--mobile team collaboration

Managing large scale and distributed crisis events is a national priority; and it is a priority that presents information technology challenges to the responsible government agencies. Geographical information systems (with their ability to map out evolving crisis events, affected human and infrastructure assets, as well as actions taken and resources applied) have been indispensable in all stages of crisis management. Their use, however, has been mostly confined to single users within single agencies. The potential for maps and related geospatial technologies to be the media for collaborative activities among distributed agencies and teams have been discussed [1-4], but feasible technological infrastructure and tools are not yet available. An interdisciplinary team from Penn State University (comprised of GIScientists, information Scientists and computer scientists), currently funded by the NSF/DG program, have joined efforts with collaborators from federal, state, and local agencies to develop an approach to and technology to support "GeoCollaborative Crisis Management" (NSF-EIA-0306845). The dual goals of this project are: (1) to understand the roles of geographical information distributed crisis management activities; and (2) to develop enabling geospatial information technologies and human-computer systems to facilitate geocollaborative crisis management. This demonstration presents initial progress towards supporting geocollaborative activities, focusing on one type of collaboration involving crisis managers in the field coordinating with those in an emergency operation center (EOC).
Interactive identification and digital signatures

An interactive identification scheme is a method for remotely (or locally) verifying an individual's identity. Interaction prevents the person who is doing the verifying from collecting information that could be used later to impersonate the individual. It also prevents anyone else from gaining such information. Interactive identification schemes have many potential applications — from providing more secure remote computer logins to providing more secure bank-card transactions. Such schemes can also be used to construct digital signatures, a way of signing an electronic document that makes the signature easy to check but difficult for an unauthorized person to forge. In this paper, we describe the general problems of identification and signatures, explain some shortcomings of current methods, and discuss how interactive identification schemes address them. We also describe an interactive identification scheme discovered at Sandia National Laboratories in which the security is based on the computational difficulty of solving two hard problems.
Phase II trial of oxaliplatin, leucovorin and fluorouracil in patients with advanced carcinoma of the esophagus

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the combination of oxaliplatin, fluorouracil and leucovorin in patients with advanced esophagus cancer. Patients and methods: Thirty-five patients with recurrent or metastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled. Up to one prior chemotherapy regimen was allowed. All patients had bi-dimensionally measurable disease. Patients received oxaliplatin 85 mg/m 2 as a 2-h infusion on day 1. Leucovorin (500 mg/m 2 ) followed by fluorouracil bolus (400 mg/m 2 ) and 22-h continuous infusion fluorouracil (600 mg/m 2 ) was administered on days 1 and 2. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor was not routinely administered unless the patient developed febrile neutropenia or prolonged neutropenia. Treatment was repeated every 14 days. Results: Of the thirty-five patients enrolled, all were evaluated for toxicity and 34 were evaluated for response. The overall response rate was 40% (95% confidence interval, 24% to 57%) with complete and partial response rates of 3% and 37%, respectively. The median response duration was 4.6 months, and the median overall survival was 7.1 months. One-year survival was 31%. The major toxicity noted was cumulative neutropenia, with 29% developing grade 4 toxicity. There was one treatment-related death secondary to neutropenic sepsis. The most common non-hematologic toxicity encountered with this regimen was cumulative peripheral neuropathy, with 26% experiencing grade 2 or 3 toxicity. Conclusions: The combination of oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and fluorouracil shows significant antitumor activity and a favorable toxicity profile in patients with metastatic carcinoma of the
Electronic Packaging: Lead Frame Materials

In the electronic industry, lead frames are metal structures inside an integrated chip package that allow the transfer of signal from the die to the board. The die inside the package is attached to the lead frame, while bond wires attach the die pads to the leads. To allow for better conductivity, lead frames are usually made of copper alloys. Fabrication of the lead frames along with their property and performance requirements are discussed in this article.
Effect of Radiant Energy With and Without Iron Upon Nutritional Anemia in the Rat

The effect of radiant energy upon the metabolism of small doses of Fe in the nutritional anemia of the rat seems to have been little studied. Foster1 produced anemia in rats by milk feeding and observed the effect of radiant energy in preventing and curing this type of anemia. There was a slight but definite effect in increasing the hemoglobin and the number, size and saturation of the red cells.We have made the following studies upon the effect of radiant energy upon both the prevention and cure of nutritional anemia in the rat.Preventive Studies. Young rats at weaning were fed upon whole milk. Daily doses of pure Fe from 0.05 to 0.30 mg. were given, with and without 3/4 hour ultraviolet irradiation of the rat daily, with the General Electric Sunlight Mazda Lamp, Type S-I, at a distance of 4 feet. This lamp has recently been described by Carter.2 Weekly estimations of hemoglobin and red cell counts were made by the technique described by Beard and Myers.8With milk alone, milk plus irradiation, irradiated...
The 2010 Fred W. Stewart award recipient: Julia A. Bridge, MD.

Dr Julia A. Bridge is the 2010 recipient of the Fred Waldorf Stewart Award, bestowed annually by the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Department of Pathology on an individual deemed to have contributed significantly to the study of human neoplastic disease.Dr Bridge is a board-certified anatom
The Japanese skeleton shrimp Caprella mutica (Amphipoda: Caprellidae) in Sweden (Eastern Skagerrak).

The Japanese skeleton shrimp Caprella mutica, originally from the north-west Pacific, artificially introduced to many parts of the world, is recorded in Sweden for the first time. The new record is from Eastern Skagerrak, slightly north of the border between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. A detailed morphological description of the specimens from Swedish waters with notes on habitat is presented. In comparison with the specimens from the native range, the large males of C. mutica from Sweden, and material earlier reported from elsewhere in Europe, are characterized by rather long pereonites 1 and 2, which are longer than the combined length of pereonites 3 and 4; and long segments of antenna 1 peduncle; among them segment 3 is longer than flagellum. (Less)
Reproductive readiness and niche differences affect responses of conifer root weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to simulated host odors

Four species of pine-root feeding weevils, Hylobius radicis Buchanan, H. assimilis Boheman, H. pales (Herbst), and Pachylobius picivorus (Germar), comprise a major pest guild on plantation pines in the Great Lakes region. The former 2 species breed in living trees, whereas the latter 2 species breed in dead or dying trees or stumps. This study develops an ecological and physiological context for the diversity of responses to a common chemical signal among closely related species exploiting common hosts. All 4 species respond to a mixture of terpenes and ethanol but show different temporal and behavioral patterns. H. radicis and H. assimilis have a spring peak and midsummer decline in attraction to turpentine-and ethanol-baited pitfall traps, and females are the predominant gender captured. The period of attraction of H. pales and P. picivorus to baited traps extends somewhat later into the summer, and males and females are captured in equal numbers. For all species, capture rates in passive screen traps decline later than those in pitfall traps. Dissections of captured female weevils show that volatile-emitting pitfall traps are selective for reproductively mature individuals of all species, whereas the passive screen traps catch nonreproductive and reproductive females in equal numbers. Ninety-seven percent of the males captured were reproductively mature, so their decline in attraction to pitfall traps is not directly related to reproductive status. Niche differences among the 4 species can explain some of the differences in the attraction of the weevils to baited pitfall traps.
Synthesis of DNA and Poly (ADP Ribose) in Permeabilized Eukaryotic Cells

Poly (Adenosine Diphospho Ribose) is a nucleic acid polymer that has been found predominantly in eukaryotes and has been implicated in the regulation of DNA synthesis (1,2). The repeating subunit of this polymer is the adenosine diphospho ribose (ADPR) moiety derived from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The ADPR moieties can also be covalently linked to acceptors such as proteins. The synthesis of poly(ADPR) has usually been studied in isolated nuclei, in chromatin preparations, or with enzyme extracts. These systems have all provided a great deal of information on the activity of poly(ADPR) polymerase; however, in order to understand the physiological relation of poly(ADPR) to DNA synthesis, it is desirable to work with a system which is as close to physiological as possible.
Opto-electronic quantum telecommunications based on spins in semiconductors

The transmission of quantum information over long distances will allow new forms of data security, based on quantum cryptography. These new technologies rely for security on the quantum "uncertainty principle" and on the long distance transmission of "quantum entanglement". A new type of tele-communications device called the "quantum repeater" can allow the faithful transmission of quantum information over worldwide distances, in spite of the inevitably severe losses while propagating along optical fibers. In a quantum repeater, information is stored in the quantum state of a semiconductor electron spin, while complementary entangled information is transmitted as a photon down the optical fiber. This long-range entanglement permits the execution of the teleportation algorithm, which accurately transmits a quantum state over long distances. The basis for an opto-electronic quantum repeater is an entanglement preserving InP photodetector with special selection rules, in which polarization information from a photon is transferred to spin polarization information of a photo-electron, and vice versa. Nevertheless, the algorithm requires that the photo-electron be transferred to a group IV semiconductor for long time storage since there is rapid loss of quantum information in III-V semiconductors. This paper reviews the experimental status of semiconductor quantum repeaters, including the spin resonance transistor logic gates, and the experimental detection of single photons in a manner that preserves their spin information.
Analytical model of graphene-enabled ultra-low power phase change memory

A simple analytical model is presented, which predicts the energy required for a reset operation in a phase change memory (PCM) device with a graphene monolayer between a bottom metallic electrode (BEC) and Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) chalcogenide layer. The graphene effectively adds thermal boundary resistance between the GST and metal electrode, limiting the parasitic loss of heat into the electrode. Additionally, the model considers the effects of electrode size and Peltier heating, both to the steady state and transient performance. The graphene monolayer reduces the reset energy by a factor of between 2 and 10 over the direct electrode-GST interface, the Peltier effect reduces the reset energy by a factor of approximately 4, and scaling the size of the electrode results in better than exponential energy reduction.
Proyecto Maternidad sin riesgo: Estrategia parto limpio

Maternal mortality in Peru is 303 per 100 000 live births, one of the highest in Latin America. The main causes are hemorrhage, 23%; abortion, 22%; infections, 18%, and toxemia, 17%. The factors influencing these deaths are pregnancy extreme ages, under 16 and over 35 years; multiparity; interpartal periods under two years; low socioeconomic status and low education of mothers. Infant mortality has high levels and, within it, the neonatal mortality looms, 25 per thousand live births. The hospital perinatal mortality rate is 19 per thousand live births, corresponding to 50% of early neonatal mortality, the most common cause is birth asphyxia. 70% of neonatal deaths are associated with low birth weight. Currently origin perinatal deaths are the leading cause of infant mortality. Even they reported about 180 cases of neonatal tetanus deaths, reflecting the low coverage of tetanus vaccination during pregnancy.
Quantitative Analysis of HER2 Receptor Expression In Vivo by Near-Infrared Optical Imaging:

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression in breast cancers is associated with poor prognosis and resistance to therapy. Current techniques for estimating this important charac...