cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Application of Ecological Theory to Determining Recovery Potential of Disturbed Lotic Ecosystems: Research Needs and Priorities

This article summarizes the views of aquatic scientists who gathered to assess the ability of stream ecosystem theory to predict recovery from disturbance. Two views of disturbance were evident: a discrete removal of organisms vs an unusual deviation from normal. These were perceived as applying to different scales and/or objectives. Long-term information is required from both points of view to define recovery. Recovery also may be defined in different ways, but it is clear that recovery has both spatial and temporal components, and includes both physical and biological processes. Consensus was very strong that a major role (and challenge) for theory lies in the understanding of spatial aspects, temporal scales, coupling of physics and biology, and the interaction of these features in recovery processes. Some progress is evident in the articles of this volume, but among the topics identified as critical for further theoretical contributions were: homogeneous vs heterogeneous distribution of disturbance, local extent of disturbance relative to a regional context, critical vs noncritical patches (size and location) of disturbance at different spatial scales and temporal frequencies, delineation of reversible and nonreversible processes, and physical and biological constraints on the time frame for recovery. Such concepts need attention across different types of lotic ecosystems. Thus, there was strong consensus that a national monitoring system of representative lotic ecosystems within ecological regions be established. The purpose of this monitoring system would be to acquire long-term data on natural variability, to establish viable indicators of spatial and temporal aspects of recovery, and to develop and test emerging theoretical developments.
Central City Fiscal Conditions and MSA Population Distribution

This article empirically examines the relationship between local fiscal conditions and the distribution of population within a metropolitan area. Specifically, it is concerned with how central city policies may affect shifts of population to the suburbs. This has strong policy implications especially for cities undertaking economic redevelopment programs, which may have spillover benefits or costs to their surrounding suburbs. This analysis utilizes a panel of county level Census of Population and Census of Governments data spanning 1960-90 to examine these issues. The results show that central city fiscal conditions are expected to affect the relative size of an MSA's city and suburban population.
A categorization of collaborative business process modeling techniques

Business process modeling (BPM) is one of the key factors in defining service-oriented solutions for business collaborations. Like in traditional software engineering there is a need for adaptable methodologies to develop information and communication technology (ICT) systems supporting collaborative business processes. In this work we introduce a categorization for the classification of modeling languages and approaches used to model collaborative business processes. Considering an example, we show how the classification of modeling languages and approaches facilitates the development of methodologies for collaborative business processes.
Changes in Cheddar Cheese by Commercial Enzyme Preparations

Abstract Free volatile acids, soluble protein, and flavor production were accelerated in young ripened Cheddar cheese by adding various combinations of proteolytic and lipolytic commercial enzyme preparations with salt to curds before pressing. Cheese held 1 mo at 20 C and containing about 2.5 g mixed enzymes per 5.9 kg curd had higher flavor than controls. Some rancidity but no bitterness accompanied this cheese flavor. Higher ripening temperature and longer holding times led to burnt flavors and pronounced rancidity. Processed cheese made by mixing mild 2 mo old natural Cheddar cheese with 10 to 40% 1 mo enzyme-treated cheese gave good texture and medium to very sharp flavor intensity. Various mixtures of neutral protease and lipase enzymes and of neutral protease-peptidase and lipase enzymes in cheese slurries developed cheese flavor rapidly with minimum bitterness. Microbial acid proteases in cheese slurries led to strong bitterness.
Integration of microenvironmental and stress signaling antagonizes colorectal cancer progression

Genetic alterations can drive oncogenic events and cancer development. However, this is only half of the story. It is now evident that tumor progression only occurs if powerful stress signaling pathways and microenvironmental signals are overcome. Two recent Nature Cell Biology papers study how niche signals of primary and target organ barriers have to be overridden for oncogenes to allow for colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and metastasis (Urosevic et al, 2014; Whissell et al, 2014).
Two Faces of Cathepsin D: Physiological Guardian Angel and Pathological Demon.

Since its discovery as a lysosomal hydrolase, Cathepsin D (CatD) has been the subject of intensive scrutiny by numerous scientists. Those accumulated efforts have defined its biosynthetic pathway, structure, and companion proteins in the context of its perceived “house keeping” function. However, in the past two decades CatD has emerged as a multifunctional enzyme, involved in myriad biological processes beyond its original “housekeeping” role. CatD is responsible for selective and limited cleavage (quite distinct from non-specific protein degradation) of particular substrates vital to proper cellular function. These proteolytic events are critical in the control of biological processes, including cell cycle progression, differentiation and migration, morphogenesis and tissue remodeling, immunological processes, ovulation, fertilization, neuronal outgrowth, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Consistent with the biological relevance of CatD, its deficiency, altered regulation or post-translational modification underlie important pathological conditions such as cancer, atherosclerosis, neurological and skin disorders. Specifically, deregulated synthesis, post-translational modifications and hyper-secretion of CatD, along with its mitogenic effects, are established hallmarks of cancer. More importantly, but less studied, is its significance in regulating the sensitivity to anticancer drugs. This review outlines CatD’s post-translational modifications, cellular trafficking, secretion and protein binding partners in normal mammary gland, and restates the “site-specific” function of CatD which is most probably dictated by its post-translational modifications and binding partners. Noteworthy, CatD’s association with one of its binding partners in the context of drug sensitivity is highlighted, with the optimism that it could contribute to the development of more effective chemotherapeutic agent(s) tailored for individual patients.
Occupational injury and work organization among immigrant Latino residential construction workers.

Background Rates of occupational injury among immigrant workers are widely believed to be underestimated. The goal of this study was to enhance understanding of the burden of occupational injury and the work organization factors underlying injury among immigrant Latino residential construction workers. Methods Prospective data were obtained from a community-based sample of Latino residential construction workers (N = 107) over a 3-month period. Results Twenty-eight participants were injured, resulting in an injury incidence rate of 55.0/100 FTE (95% CI = 41.4–71.6) during the 3-month observation period. The injury rate involving days away from work during the observation period was 3.9/100 FTE (CI = 0.2–7.2). Injuries were elevated among roofers relative to framers and general construction workers. Roofers had elevated exposure to a variety of deleterious work organization factors. Conclusions Although imprecise given the small sample, our results suggest a threefold to fourfold underestimate of the injury burden to immigrant Latino construction workers. Work organization may contribute to elevated rates of non-fatal occupational injury, particularly among roofers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:698–706, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk Perceptions of Information Security: A Measurement Study

This paper discusses research-in-progress to identify and to assess information security and privacy risk perceptions. Our model is based upon previous psychometric models that include understanding and consequences as two main characteristics of perceptions of information security and privacy risks; and this work introduces ordinal scales to the identified characteristics. It also acknowledges the dynamics of perception by including the time element. The robustness of the model is that it is flexible enough to assess an individual’s perception of a risk, a user group’s perception of a risk, or the overall corporate perception of a risk and allows for the comparison of individual, group, and corporate risk perceptions. Using computer-related incidents identified in the Final Report of the Computer Incident Factor and Categorization Project, example situations were developed to guide the development and testing of our model for measuring information security and privacy risk perceptions. As part of our research-in-progress, this paper also presents an instrument that will be used to measure the perceptions of risk in online environments.
A Survey on Cyber Security for Smart Grid Communications

A smart grid is a new form of electricity network with high fidelity power-flow control, self-healing, and energy reliability and energy security using digital communications and control technology. To upgrade an existing power grid into a smart grid, it requires significant dependence on intelligent and secure communication infrastructures. It requires security frameworks for distributed communications, pervasive computing and sensing technologies in smart grid. However, as many of the communication technologies currently recommended to use by a smart grid is vulnerable in cyber security, it could lead to unreliable system operations, causing unnecessary expenditure, even consequential disaster to both utilities and consumers. In this paper, we summarize the cyber security requirements and the possible vulnerabilities in smart grid communications and survey the current solutions on cyber security for smart grid communications.
In vitro Cultivation of Plasmodium elongatum in Duck Tissues

SYNOPSIS. Cultures of tissues from ducks infected with Plasmodium elongatum supported the growth and development of the parasites for 72 hours. Cultured parasites exhibited the same properties when reintroduced into the vertebrate host as did cells derived from similar sources upon direct transfer into a new bird. Parasites derived from acute infections led to patent infections after an incubation period of 7–8 days. Parasites derived from latent infections gave rise to infections becoming apparent after 11–15 days. Results of dilution experiments show that this lag period is not due to low numbers of parasites contained in tissues from latent infections. It is concluded that invaded cells may, after the acute stage of the infection, elaborate some hypothetical inhibitor which arrests multiplication of the parasite, while not interfering with its viability or virulence.
Multifunctional CD4 Cells Expressing Gamma Interferon and Perforin Mediate Protection against Lethal Influenza Virus Infection

CD4 effectors generated in vitro can promote survival against a highly pathogenic influenza virus via an antibody-independent mechanism involving class II-restricted, perforin-mediated cytotoxicity. However, it is not known whether CD4 cells activated during influenza virus infection can acquire cytolytic activity that contributes to protection against lethal challenge. CD4 cells isolated from the lungs of infected mice were able to confer protection against a lethal dose of H1N1 influenza virus A/Puerto Rico 8/34 (PR8). Infection of BALB/c mice with PR8 induced a multifunctional CD4 population with proliferative capacity and ability to secrete interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the draining lymph node (DLN) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and IL-10 in the lung. IFN-γ-deficient CD4 cells produced larger amounts of IL-17 and similar levels of TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-2 compared to wild-type (WT) CD4 cells. Both WT and IFN-γ(-/-) CD4 cells exhibit influenza virus-specific cytotoxicity; however, IFN-γ-deficient CD4 cells did not promote recovery after lethal infection as effectively as WT CD4 cells. PR8 infection induced a population of cytolytic CD4 effectors that resided in the lung but not the DLN. These cells expressed granzyme B (GrB) and required perforin to lyse peptide-pulsed targets. Lethally infected mice given influenza virus-specific CD4 cells deficient in perforin showed greater weight loss and a slower time to recovery than mice given WT influenza virus-specific CD4 cells. Taken together, these data strengthen the concept that CD4 T cell effectors are broadly multifunctional with direct roles in promoting protection against lethal influenza virus infection.
Multi-objective vibro-acoustic optimization of stiffened panels

A multi-objective vibro-acoustic design optimization of straight or curvilinearly stiffened panels excited by an acoustic diffuse field is performed. During design optimization, the panel mass and the radiated acoustic power are the two objectives to be minimized while satisfying constraints on buckling, von Mises stress and crippling. Based on the concept of plane wave propagation, a diffuse acoustic field is developed for use along with a finite element model. To represent the panel's structural behavior, the dynamic analysis of the panel is performed for the developed diffuse acoustic excitation and the radiated acoustic power is calculated using the velocities obtained from the dynamic analysis. A baseline design is obtained by optimization study with mass as an objective to be minimized while constraints are put on buckling, von Mises stress and crippling. The obtained baseline grid stiffened panel is used for a comparative study of a panel with curvilinear stiffeners in vibro-acoustics with diffuse sound field as the source of the excitation.
Combining static analysis and dynamic learning to build accurate intrusion detection models

Anomaly detection based on monitoring of sequences of system calls has been shown to be an effective method for detection of previously unseen, potentially damaging attacks on hosts. This paper presents a new model for profiling normal program behavior for use in detection of intrusions that change application execution flow. This model is compact and efficient to operate and can be acquired using a combination of static analysis and dynamic learning. Our model (hybrid push down automata, HPDA) incorporates call stack information in the automata model and effectively captures the control flow of a program. Several important properties of the model are based on a unique correspondence relation between addresses and instructions within the model. These properties allow the HPDA to be acquired by dynamic analysis of an audit of the call stack log. Our strategy is to use static analysis to acquire a base model and then to use dynamic learning as a supplement to capture those aspects of behavior that are difficult to capture with static analysis due to techniques commonly used in modern programming environments. The model created by this combination method is shown to have a higher detection capability than models acquired by static analysis alone and a lower false positive rate than models acquired by dynamic learning alone.
Cryogenic composite disk laser for peak and average power scaling

We demonstrate high gain producing 60 mJ, 200 ps pulses at 200 Hz from a single 4-mm ASE limited gain-cell. A scaling paradigm utilizing a monolithic array of gain cells is proposed.
Identification of a highly cross-reactive outer surface protein B epitope among diverse geographic isolates of Borrelia spp. causing Lyme disease.

The outer surface lipoprotein B (OspB) of Borrelia burgdorferi is a major component of the borrelial protein profile and has been shown to be highly immunogenic in experimentally immunized and infected mammals. However, the ospB loci of different strains show considerable heterology at the nucleic acid sequence level, and the progeny of a clonal strain of B. burgdorferi exhibited OspB polymorphisms with respect to apparent molecular weights and reactivities with monoclonal antibodies. These data suggest that OspB is not a good candidate for vaccination or diagnostic purposes. The present study describes a monoclonal antibody, designated 84C, directed against a very highly conserved domain of the OspB lipoprotein. Western immunoblot analysis with 84C demonstrated reactivity in 84.2% of human, tick, and other vertebrate isolate strains examined from widely diverse geographic regions, including strains of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto and two closely related species, B. garinii and B. afzelii. The 84C-binding region was delimited to a highly conserved 11-amino-acid region in the carboxyl terminus of OspB as demonstrated by (i) DNA sequence analysis of wild-type and 84C-resistant mutant ospB alleles and (ii) deletion mutagenesis of a recombinant ospB gene in Escherichia coli. Finally, the 84C epitope was demonstrated to be exposed on the borrelial surface in situ as (i) the monoclonal antibody 84C was able to agglutinate borrelias in culture and (ii) 84C-resistant escape variants were isolated. These data suggest that the potential value of OspB as a vaccine candidate or diagnostic tool be examined more closely, in the context of the 84C-reactive domain. Images
Black Prisoners, White Law

(2013). Black Prisoners, White Law. The Black Scholar: Vol. 43, In Memoriam: Robert Chrisman, 1937–2013, pp. 33-35.
Structural criteria for amorphization of network solids

Amorphization, like glass-formation, represents fundamentally a failure to crystallize. The problem is to understand how atoms can rearrange themselves, perhaps within the confines of unaffected surrounding crystal, after a local disordering event. Some ceramics, like alkali halides and oxides with the rocksalt structure, appear almost impossible to amorphize, forming localized aggregate defects (voids, dislocation loops, colloids) and even decomposing (as a response to radiation disorder), rather than structurally reordering (or disordering). Other network solids such as silicas and silicates readily amorphize. In this study, we attempt to establish topology and structural freedom as criteria for amorphization of network solids.
Quality-of-Life Outcomes With Anatomic Versus Functional Diagnostic Testing Strategies in Symptomatic Patients With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease: Results From the PROMISE Randomized Trial.

Background—The Prospective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain (PROMISE) trial found that initial use of ≥64 detector-row computed tomography angiography versus standard function...
Improving Ranking and Robustness of Search Systems by Exploiting the Popularity of Documents

In building Information Retrieval systems, much of research is geared towards optimizing a specific aspect of the system. Consequently, there are a lot of systems that improve effectiveness of search results by striving to outperform a baseline system. Other systems, however, focus on improving the robustness of the system by minimizing the risk of obtaining, for any topic, a result subpar with that of the baseline system. Both tasks have been organized by TREC Web tracks 2013 and 2014, and have been undertaken by the track participants. Our work herein, proposes two re-ranking approaches – based on exploiting the popularity of documents with respect to a general topic – that improve the effectiveness while improving the robustness of the baseline systems. We used each of the runs submitted to TREC Web tracks 2013 – 14 as baseline, and empirically show that our algorithms improve the effectiveness as well as the robustness of the systems in an overwhelming number of cases, even though the systems used to produce them employ a variety of retrieval models.
Stochastic integration via error-correcting codes

We consider the task of summing a non-negative function f over a discrete set Ω, e.g., to compute the partition function of a graphical model. Ermon et al. have shown that in a probabilistic approximate sense summation can be reduced to maximizing f over random subsets of Ω defined by parity (XOR) constraints. Unfortunately, XORs with many variables are computationally intractable, while XORs with few variables have poor statistical performance. We introduce two ideas to address this problem, both motivated by the theory of error-correcting codes. The first is to maximize f over explicitly generated random affine subspaces of Ω, which is equivalent to unconstrained maximization of f over an exponentially smaller domain. The second idea, closer in spirit to the original approach, is to use systems of linear equations defining Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) error-correcting codes. Even though the equations in such systems only contain O(1) variables each, their sets of solutions (codewords) have excellent statistical properties. By combining these ideas we achieve dramatic speedup over the original approach and levels of accuracy that were completely unattainable.
SU-F-T-647: Linac-Based Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) in the Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia: Detailed Description of SRS Procedural Technique and Reported Clinical Outcomes

Purpose: SRS is an effective non-invasive alternative treatment modality with minimal-toxicity used to treat patients with medically/surgically refractory trigeminal neuralgia root(TNR) or those who may not tolerate surgical intervention. We present our linac-based SRS procedure for TNR treatment and simultaneously report our clinical outcomes. Methods: Twenty-eight TNR-patients treated with frame-based SRS at our institution (2009–2015) with a single-fraction point-dose of 60-80Gy to TNR were included in this IRB-approved study. Experienced neurosurgeon and radiation oncologist delineated the TNR on 1.0mm thin 3D-FIESTA-MRI that was co-registered with 0.7mm thin planning-CT. Treatment plans were generated in iPlan (BrainLAB) with a 4-mm diameter cone using 79 arcs with differential-weighting for Novalis-TX 6MV-SRS(1000MU/min) beam and optimized to minimize brainstem dose. Winston-Lutz test was performed before each treatment delivery with sub-millimeter isocenter accuracy. Quality assurance of frame placement was maintained by helmet-bobble-measurement before simulation-CT and before patient setup at treatment couch. OBI-CBCT scan was performed for patient setup verification without applying shifts. On clinical follow up, treatment response was assessed using Barrow Neurological Institute Pain Intensity Score(BNI-score:I–V). Results: 26/28 TNR-patients (16-males/10-females) who were treated with following single-fraction point-dose to isocenter: 80Gy(n=22),75Gy(n=1),70Gy(n=2) and 60Gy(n=1, re-treatment) were followed up. Median follow-up interval was 8.5-months (ranged:1–48.5months). Median age was 70-yr (ranged:43–93-yr). Right/left TNR ratio was 15/11. Delivered total # of average MUs was 19034±1204. Average beam-on-time: 19.0±1.3min. Brainstem max-dose and dose to 0.5cc were 13.3±2.4Gy (ranged:8.1–16.5Gy) and 3.6±0.4Gy (ranged:3.0–4.9Gy). On average, max-dose to optic-apparatus was ≤1.2Gy. Mean value of max-dose to eyes/lens was 0.26Gy/0.11Gy. Overall, 20-patients (77%) responded to treatment: 5(19%) achieved complete pain relief without medication (BNI score: I); 5(19%) had no-pain, decreased medication (BNI-score:II); 2(7.7%) had no-pain, but, continued medication (BNI-score:IIIA), and 8(30.8%) had pain that was well controlled by medication (BNI-score: IIIB). Six-patients (23.0%) did not respond to treatment (BNI-score:IV–V). Neither cranial nerve deficit nor radio-necrosis of temporal lobe was clinically observed. Conclusion: Linac-based SRS for medically/surgically refractory TNR provided an effective treatment option for pain resolution/control with very minimal if any normal tissue toxicity. Longer follow up of these patients is anticipated/needed to confirm our observations.
SPICA: stereographic projection for interactive crystallographic analysis

In numerous research fields, especially the applications of electron and X-ray diffraction, stereographic projection represents a powerful tool for researchers. SPICA is a new computer program for stereographic projection in interactive crystallographic analysis, which inherits features from the previous JECP/SP and includes more functions for extensive crystallographic analysis. SPICA provides fully interactive options for users to plot stereograms of crystal directions and crystal planes, traces, and Kikuchi maps for an arbitrary crystal structure; it can be used to explore the orientation relationships between two crystalline phases with a composite stereogram; it is also used to predict the tilt angles of transmission electron microscopy double-tilt and rotation holders in electron diffraction experiments. In addition, various modules are provided for essential crystallographic calculations.
Progress Towards a Systems Approach in Planning Regionalized Health Care Facilities

The planning and design process is, in general, an iterative decision making procedure geared to achieving more or less identified ends through a variety of means. The process iterates through defining needs, establishing criteria, generating concepts and developing models to analyzing the qualitative and quantitative results of these models. Facilities are ultimately constructed, operated, evaluated and modified. In the setting of a health care system, the process becomes increasingly complex due to the diverse factors that must be considered, ranging from new drugs and medical equipment to government programs and regulations, plus community lifestyles and attitudes. In a regional health care system such as Kaiser-Permanente, the problems are further compounded due to the interfaci1ity sharing of medical services and the vertical integration of support services. In this dynamic environment, an orderly process is essential to maintain and improve efficiency and effectiveness.
Fire Damage and Repair Techniques for Flash Memory Modules: Implication for Post-Crash Investigations

Abstract As part of the investigation of accidents in mass transit, air travel in particular, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) retrieves electronic devices from the crash scene. Analysis of flash memory recovered from these devices can provide clues as to the events leading to the crash. Unfortunately, the flash memory is often damaged and unreadable. This study was undertaken in order to address two issues: (1) how much damage the device can sustain before it becomes completely unreadable, (2) what repair techniques can be employed in order to retrieve information from damaged memory units. The effect of thermal damage was investigated by subjecting flash memory modules to high temperature for three hours. Memory modules were found to be readable after exposure of up to 300°C for three hours. Small fissures evident in the overmold indicated thermal damage to the plastic, yet the chip retained the stored information. Above 300°C the plastic was completely consumed, leaving only the chip and...
Trochanteric entry femoral nails yield better femoral version and lower revision rates—A large cohort multivariate regression analysis

Abstract Introduction Intramedullary nailing (IMN) has become the standard of care for the treatment of most femoral shaft fractures. Different IMN options include trochanteric and piriformis entry as well as retrograde nails, which may result in varying degrees of femoral rotation. The objective of this study was to analyze postoperative femoral version between three types of nails and to delineate any significant differences in femoral version (DFV) and revision rates. Materials & methods Over a 10-year period, 417 patients underwent IMN of a diaphyseal femur fracture (AO/OTA 32A-C). Of these patients, 316 met inclusion criteria and obtained postoperative computed tomography (CT) scanograms to calculate femoral version and were thus included in the study. In this study, our main outcome measure was the difference in femoral version (DFV) between the uninjured limb and the injured limb. The effect of the following variables on DFV and revision rates were determined via univariate, multivariate, and ordinal regression analyses: gender, age, BMI, ethnicity, mechanism of injury, operative side, open fracture, and table type/position. Statistical significance was set at p Results A total of 316 patients were included. Piriformis entry nails made up the majority (n = 141), followed by retrograde (n = 108), then trochanteric entry nails (n = 67). Univariate regression analysis revealed that a lower BMI was significantly associated with a lower DFV (p = 0.006). Controlling for possible covariables, multivariate analysis yielded a significantly lower DFV for trochanteric entry nails than piriformis or retrograde nails (7.9 ± 6.10 vs. 9.5 ± 7.4 vs. 9.4 ± 7.8°, p Conclusion Comparative, objective comparisons between DFV between different nails based on entry point revealed that trochanteric nails had a significantly lower DFV and a lower revision rate, even after regression analysis. However, this is not to state that the other nail types exhibited abnormal DFV. Translation to the clinical impact of a few degrees of DFV is also unknown. Future studies to more in-depth study the intricacies of femoral version may lead to improved technology in addition to potentially improved clinical outcomes.
Coughing, sneezing, and aching online: Twitter and the volume of influenza-like illness in a pediatric hospital.

This study investigates the relation of the incidence of georeferenced tweets related to respiratory illness to the incidence of influenza-like illness (ILI) in the emergency department (ED) and urgent care clinics (UCCs) of a large pediatric hospital. We collected (1) tweets in English originating in our hospital’s primary service area between 11/1/2014 and 5/1/2015 and containing one or more specific terms related to respiratory illness and (2) the daily number of patients presenting to our hospital’s EDs and UCCs with ILI, as captured by ICD-9 codes. A Support Vector Machine classifier was applied to the set of tweets to remove those unlikely to be related to ILI. Time series of the pooled set of remaining tweets involving any term, of tweets involving individual terms, and of the ICD-9 data were constructed, and temporal cross-correlation between the social media and clinical data was computed. A statistically significant correlation (Spearman ρ = 0.23) between tweets involving the term flu and ED and UCC volume related to ILI 11 days in the future was observed. Tweets involving the terms coughing (Spearman ρ = 0.24) and headache (Spearman ρ = 0.19) individually were also significantly correlated to ILI-related clinical volume four and two days in the future, respectively. In the 2014–2015 cold and flu season, the incidence of local tweets containing the terms flu, coughing, and headache were early indicators of the incidence of ILI-related cases presenting to EDs and UCCs at our children’s hospital.
Cancer, comorbidity and workplace discrimination: The US experience.

Cancer survivors with comorbidities have more work-related challenges than cancer survivors without these other health problems. This study evaluated how these cancer survivors with comorbidities are faring under a newly revised workplace discrimination policy, which better accounts for the episodic nature of chronic illnesses. The sample included 18-64 year olds with a history of cancer who filed allegations of workplace discrimination in 2009-2011 (N = 1.291) in the US. Multivariable logistic regressions were used. Cancer survivors with comorbidities were more likely to file discrimination claims related to the terms of their employment (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.04-1.80) than cancer survivors without comorbidities. Terms of employment-related claims were more likely to be ruled in favour of cancer survivors (versus employers), regardless of comorbidity status (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.06-1.96). Despite this policy reform, alleged discrimination related to terms of employment existed at higher rates in cancer survivors with concurrent health problems. If employment is a goal in this high-risk group, replication of findings in other countries, studies on potential mechanisms and development of innovative interventions in these higher risk cases are warranted. Efforts should be made to mitigate the impact of these comorbid health problems on work-related function.
Varieties are preschemes

I want to make it crystal clear how our new category of preschemes contains our old category of varieties. When this is done, we shall redefine the term variety, and use it to mean instead the corresponding prescheme (or more precisely, prescheme/k).
Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of Prostate Cancer in the Postgenomic Era

Recent genomic sequencing analyses have unveiled the spectrum of genomic alterations that occur in primary and advanced prostate cancer, raising the question of whether the corresponding genes are functionally relevant for prostate tumorigenesis, and whether such functions are associated with particular disease stages. In this review, we describe genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of prostate cancer, focusing on those that model genomic alterations known to occur in human prostate cancer. We consider whether the phenotypes of GEMMs based on gain or loss of function of the relevant genes provide reliable counterparts to study the predicted consequences of the corresponding genomic alterations as occur in human prostate cancer, and we discuss exceptions in which the GEMMs do not fully emulate the expected phenotypes. Last, we highlight future directions for the generation of new GEMMs of prostate cancer and consider how we can use GEMMs most effectively to decipher the biological and molecular mechanisms of disease progression, as well as to tackle clinically relevant questions.
Not a Trophy Wife: (Re)Interpreting the Position Held by Queens of Kemet During the New Kingdom as a Political Seat:

This research examines various duties given to prominent Queens of Ancient Egypt that reigned during the New Kingdom from an Afrocentric methodological perspective. History indicates that such wome...
Pesticide-Polymer Research: A Review of 1976–87

The usefulness and effectiveness of polymers in pesticide applications is shown in this literature review covering from 1976 to 1987. Pesticides have been physically incorporated in the polymer matrix; release has been by desorption, by true solution movement through the polymer matrix, by leaching, by breaking of microencapsulated droplets, by flow through hollow fiber tubes, and by chemically breaking the polymer bonds. Pesticides have also been chemically bonded in a polymer formulation either before or after polymerization; their release has been accommodated through breakup of cross-linking bonds, through breakup of the main polymer backbone, and by hydrolysis of the pendant chain. Sometimes pesticidal action is effective without polymer degradation. Polymer interaction with pesticide formulations has also been shown in flocculation control, spray-drift control, and in devices utilizing this concept (leg bands, ear tags, plastic strips and mulches). References have been cited showing either practical or theoretical use. Some tables and figures have been presented to show this usefulness and efficacy.
Reminiscences of Peter

The editors of this volume have asked me to contribute some personal reminiscence of ‘Peter’ Hempel (as he was and is called by all of us). It gives me great satisfaction to write such a note about Peter who has, for many years, been not only my admired and close friend, but also my philosophic associate and mentor. I hope that a chronology of our collaboration — with emphasis on him — will be of general interest, perhaps by shedding some new light on the professional development of this remarkable man.
Satellite cells in normal, regenerating and dystrophic muscle.

I will first present some background material on satellite cells including a review of some of our recent studies and then conclude with some observations which I hope will be a stimulus for further discussion.
Vocal Biomarkers of Mild-to-Moderate Hearing Loss in Children and Adults: Voiceless Sibilants.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine if an objective measure of speech production could serve as a vocal biomarker for the effects of high-frequency hearing loss on speech perception....
Communicating and Assessing Physical Activity: Outcomes From Cognitive Interviews With Low-Income Adults.

Abstract Objective This investigation sought to identify the physical activity (PA) terms and concepts that are best understood by low-income adults. Design This was a cross-sectional study using semistructured cognitive interviews that employed retrospective verbal probing techniques. Setting Interviews were conducted in Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) sites in New Jersey, Tennessee, and Washington. Participants A convenience sample of 57 adults participating in or eligible for participation in EFNEP. Phenomenon of Interest Participants’ interpretations and conceptualizations of PA concepts and terms. Analysis Template and constant comparative analysis. Results Participants interpreted many PA terms and concepts in unintended ways. Exercise was the term that came closest to conveying moderate to vigorous PA. Terms used to describe muscle-strengthening activities were mostly understood. Intentional engagement in extra activities was difficult for participants to conceptualize despite multiple tested wordings; making small changes to be active came closest to conveying this concept. Participants’ comprehension of the PA terms differed by their PA and literacy levels. Conclusions and Implications Nutrition educators should be mindful of the terminologies they used in communicating messages and assessing PA behaviors to EFNEP participants or similar populations.
Stage Based Theoretical Perspectives of Academic Entrepreneurship

Conceptualizing an overarching conceptual framework for the phenomena driven body of literature on academic entrepreneurship would be daunting, if at all plausible. The challenge lies in the comple...
Multimedia for Disaster Information Management

The global cost of natural disasters in 2017 increased by almost twice from the ones in 2016. In particular, disastrous events such as wildfires, flood, hurricanes, and earthquakes caused the economic loss of $306 billion in 2017, which is much higher than the average 10-year loss of $190 billion. Due to these significant devastations and losses, there is an urgent need for the development of disaster information management systems.
Retrospective evaluation of the safety and tolerability of pimobendan in cats with obstructive vs nonobstructive cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND Pimobendan is frequently used off-label for treatments of cats with congestive heart failure (CHF). Concern exists regarding the safety of pimobendan in cats with outflow tract obstruction (OTO). OBJECTIVES In cats treated with pimobendan, incidence of adverse effects will not differ between cats with OTO vs cats with nonobstructive cardiomyopathy. ANIMALS Two-hundred sixty cats with CHF (57 with OTO, 203 with nonobstructive disease). METHODS Retrospective medical record review. Groups were compared using 2-sample t-tests, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, and Fisher exact tests. RESULTS Compared to cats with nonobstructive cardiomyopathy, cats with OTO were younger (8.9 [interquartile range (IQR) 6.6] vs 10.8 [6.3] years, P = .0036), more likely to have a heart murmur (51/57 [90%] vs 76/203 [37.8%] cats, P < .0001), more likely to manifest CHF as pulmonary edema (53/57 [83%] vs 144/203 [70.9%] cats, P = .0004), and less likely to have pleural effusion (19/57 [33%] vs 122/203 [60.1%] cats, P = .0005). Adverse effects suspected to be related to pimobendan administration occurred in 12/260 cats (4.6%), including 11/203 cats (5.4%) with nonobstructive cardiomyopathy and 1/57 cat (2%) with OTO (P = .7). Pimobendan was discontinued due to adverse effects in 4/260 cats (1.5%), 3 with nonobstructive disease and 1 with OTO (P = 1.0). Acute adverse hemodynamic effects after pimobendan administration were not detected in any cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Pimobendan is well tolerated in cats with cardiomyopathy and CHF, regardless of the presence of OTO.
Nanoparticle Superlattices with Negative Thermal Expansion (NTE) Coefficients

We report on the assembly of gold nanoparticles grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG–AuNPs) in aqueous solutions into the face-centered cubic superlattice by synchrotron X-ray scattering. At suf...
Structural mechanisms for gating and ion selectivity of the human polyamine transporter ATP13A2

Mutations in ATP13A2, also known as PARK9, cause a rare monogenic form of juvenile onset Parkinsons disease named Kufor-Rakeb syndrome and other neurodegenerative diseases. ATP13A2 encodes a neuroprotective P5B P-type ATPase highly enriched in the brain that mediates selective import of spermine ions from lysosomes into the cytosol via an unknown mechanism. Here we present three structures of human ATP13A2 bound to an ATP analogue or to spermine in the presence of phosphomimetics determined by electron cryo-microscopy. ATP13A2 autophosphorylation opens a lysosome luminal gate to reveal a narrow lumen access channel that holds a spermine ion in its entrance. ATP13A2s architecture establishes physical principles underlying selective polyamine transport and anticipates a "pump-channel" intermediate that could function as a counter-cation conduit to facilitate lysosome acidification. Our findings establish a firm foundation to understand ATP13A2 mutations associated with disease and bring us closer to realizing ATP13A2s potential in neuroprotective therapy. HighlightsO_LIStructures of the Parkinsons disease-associated polyamine transporter ATP13A2 C_LIO_LIStructures of three transport cycle intermediates reveal the gating mechanism C_LIO_LIArchitecture of the polyamine binding site reveals mechanisms for ion selectivity C_LIO_LIThe polyamine binding sites location anticipates an ion channel-like mechanism C_LI
Career expectations and optimistic updating biases in minor league baseball players

Abstract Data on the likelihood of becoming a professional athlete are abundant and readily available, yet athletes consistently overestimate their chances of achieving the top levels of career success. Research is needed to examine whether athletes and others update their career expectations when seeing new information. In this study, minor league baseball players created a career tree estimating their probabilities of moving through the minor league system and then read personalized trees built by a C5.0 machine learning algorithm. After seeing the C5.0 trees, many players updated their expectations consistent with updating theory, especially when reevaluating their chances of being out of the system; however, there was evidence of asymmetric updating. Some acted opposite to what Bayesian reasoning would suggest. Analysis of the interview data reveals three themes that explain asymmetric and contrary updating. Players believed optimism is necessary for their baseball career, they neglected their reference group, and they saw information as possessing affective qualities. Using these three themes caused athletes to ignore some information and, occasionally, circumvent the updating process altogether.
Gorbachev: “Radically” Implementing Brezhnev's Reforms

Prospects for realization of the current round of economic reforms proposed by the new Soviet leadership are critically analyzed in light of the fate of similar measures embodied in the 1965 (Brezhnev/Kosygin) reforms. Levels of genuine restructuring incorporated in the present reforms are thought to be inadequate to support the major objectives of steamlining decision making and increasing autonomy at the enterprise level. As in the past, policy changes (now embodied in the labor discipline campaign) rather than reforms per se will be relied upon to provide much of the improvement in economic performance. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: 052, 113, 124.
Direct Stresses in Shells of Revolution

The particular type of shell which we are going to treat in this chapter appears in many technical applications, especially in the construction of tanks, pressure vessels and domes.
Synaptic Structure Quantification in Cultured Neurons

Behavioral problems (e.g. learning and memory) following developmental exposure to toxicants suggests that dysregulation of the process of synapse formation and function may occur. The ability to assess these changes is thus of value. This protocol describes a method to investigate toxicant-induced changes to synaptic structure formation in primary hippocampal neurons using immunocytochemical labeling of the pre- and post-synaptic markers synaptophysin and PSD-95, confocal imaging, and three-dimensional object analysis. Protocols for the long-term culturing of primary hippocampal neurons and of primary cortical astrocytes, as well as their co-culture are included. While the described methods focus on how astrocytes influence synapse formation and how toxicants may interfere in this process, modifications to the experimental plan can easily be implemented. This would allow for the investigation of the effects of toxicants after treating neurons alone, or both astrocytes and neurons in co-culture. With the common endpoint of synapse structure formation, differences between varying treatment paradigms can expand our understanding of the influence of particular toxicants on these diverse cell types and provide insight into potential mechanisms of effect and the contributions of each to synapse formation.
Electronically Controlled Expansion Valve for Use in a Geothermal Heat Pump System

This paper presents a detailed design of a development control board that can control an electronic expansion valve in a geothermal heat pump. The design utilized a microcontroller based system with a fuzzy control algorithm, and a temperature and pressure sensor configuration at the inlet of the compressor. The fuzzy control was designed and simulated using Simulink in Matlab. The control algorithm takes the information that the microcontroller obtained from the pressure and temperature sensor and adjusts the valve accordingly to control the amount of superheat. The controller was able to bring the superheat to the desired set point of 10°F ±2°F and maintain it.
Moral Repair: Reconstructing Moral Relations after Wrongdoing

Moral Repair examines the ethics and moral psychology of responses to wrongdoing. Explaining the emotional bonds and normative expectations that keep human beings responsive to moral standards and responsible to each other, Margaret Urban Walker uses realistic examples of both personal betrayal and political violence to analyze how moral bonds are damaged by serious wrongs and what must be done to repair the damage. Focusing on victims of wrong, their right to validation, and their sense of justice, Walker presents a unified and detailed philosophical account of hope, trust, resentment, forgiveness, and making amends - the emotions and practices that sustain moral relations. Moral Repair joins a multidisciplinary literature concerned with transitional and restorative justice, reparations, and restoring individual dignity and mutual trust in the wake of serious wrongs.