cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3147: Cancer-specific mutations in adult soft tissue sarcomas.

Understanding of how cancer initiates and progresses is a fundamental goal of cancer research. Identification of cancer mutations is of profound importance for both understanding of the disease and for developing novel therapies. Soft-tissue sarcomas include multiple uncommon histotypes with features of diverse connective tissue lineages. Although some of their underlying genetic changes have been elucidated, for example in those types which contain etiologic chromosome translocations, in general, the genetic basis of these tumors is incompletely described. To investigate mutations in 8 subtypes of adult soft tissue sarcomas, we resequenced coding exons from about 1300 cancer relevant genes in 66 tumor samples. Data was analyzed for somatic variants in samples with matched normals while samples without normal were analyzed individually. The most frequent events were TP53 mutations (26%) followed by RB1 (9%) and APC (8%) mutations. Even though, well-defined oncogene activating mutations were present, they were very rare. Given the prevalence of tumor suppressor mutations in these samples we are currently integrating CGH results to look for chromosomal deletions to support loss of tumor suppressor genes. In addition, we are investigating low-frequency mutations in lesser-known genes that may be of potential interest. Our preliminary results suggest that these subtypes of soft-tissue sarcomas depend on tumor-suppressor loss predominantly, and may have gained multiple complex sets of mutations in a number of other pathways. In conclusion, our work will be important in cataloging novel cancer mutations in rare types of adult sarcomas, with potential implications for understanding their biology and the development of new therapies. Citation Format: Ogan D. Abaan, Princy Francis, Marbin Pineda, Robert L. Walker, Yuelin J. Zhu, Sven Bilke, Sean R. Davis, Paul S. Meltzer. Cancer-specific mutations in adult soft tissue sarcomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3147. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3147
Explaining Varda’s Lions Love: a European director responds to an American cultural marketplace

AbstractFrom 1955 to 1966, Agnes Varda’s French-language feature film output, entailing four films, was characterized by formal control and cool elegance. After her relocation to Los Angeles in 1968, however, Varda’s work took a sharp turn, as evidenced in 1969’s Lions Love – a bricolage of forms and themes, including Warholian long takes, documentary segments, surreal interludes and re-photographed new reports, all swirling around the ideas of celebrity, performance and self-reflexivity. This article explains this drastic formal and narrative departure as a result of Varda’s response to a new taste culture, specifically, that of American underground cinema and experimental theatre. Using art historian Michael Baxandall’s approach to discussing artistic influence and cultural marketplaces, the article traces a few key important aesthetic trends and concerns that Varda likely drew upon when crafting her first English-language film. Additionally, the article argues that Varda adapted the precedents establis...
The analysis of a child liver failure caused by fructus xanthii poisoning

Fructus xanthii is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine which has wide range of pharmacological effects,such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, regulating immunity, lowering blood glucose level, regulating blood pressure and so on.But if processed improperly or used excessively can lead poison, even life-threatening. The gastroenterology of children's hospital received a child who was poisoned for eating fructus xanthii. By the plasmapheresis, hepatoprotection and other therapeutic treatments, the child's clinical indicators had reduced gradually and got well after two weeks.
Quality Control Results of Medical Diagnostic X-ray Machine in Some Areas of Hebei Province

[Objective]To investigate the quality control effects of medical diagnostic X-ray machine in hospitals at provincial,municipal and county levels. [Methods]Victoreen NEROTM mAx system,optical density meter,brightness meter were adopted for the test. [Results]All provincial hospitals were qualified,and none township hospital was qualified,the qualified rats of municipal and county hospitals were 33.3% and 44.4%.The qualified rate of main test items of fluoroscopy X-ray machine performance(90%) was better than that of photography X-ray machine(27.8%).[Conclusion]Many problems exist in X-ray machine quality in Hebei province which needs strengthening supervision of quality.
Experimental Modal Parameters Identification of Oil-drilling Derrick under Ambient Random Excitation

Aiming at the design feature and the operating mode of drilling derrick, a number of modal test parameters is discussed in detail such as type and placement of excitations, arrangement of accelerometers, frequency resolution etc. And a effective method used to experimental modal parameters identification under ambient excitation is proposed. Modal frequencies are identified based on auto-spectrum of the structural response, and mode shape is identified in accordance with the ratio of the cross-spectral peak and the auto-spectral peak approximately. The method is simple, fast, practical and applicable to large complex steel structure, which have a certain value of the works.
Direct detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei and biological factors in soil.

Background Burkholderia pseudomallei, a Gram-negative saprophytic bacillus, is a severe infectious agent that causes melioidosis and soil is the most important reservoir. Methods One hundred and forty soil samples were tested for pH, moisture content and total C and N measurements and used for DNA extraction and culture for B. pseudomallei. The quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) targeting wcbG, a putative capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis protein gene of B. pseudomallei, was developed to detect the bacterium, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to detect the microbial diversity in soil. Results The acidic pH was correlated with the presence of the bacterium. Forty-four soil sites (44/140, 31.4%) were positive for B. pseudomallei by qPCR, of which 21 were positive by culture. The limit of detection is 32 fg of DNA (about 4 genomes). The RAPD method could classify the soil samples into low diversity (LD) and high diversity (HD) sites. The trend of LD was found with B. pseudomallei positive soil sites. Conclusions The acidity of the soil or metabolites from organisms in the sites may contribute to the presence of the bacterium. Further investigation of microbes by a more robust method should elucidate biological factors that promote the presence of B. pseudomallei and may be used for controlling the bacterium in the environment.
Risk perceptions of an alleged CO2 leak at a carbon sequestration site

In January 2011 a local farm couple from Canada held a press conference claiming that carbon dioxide (CO2) had leaked from a carbon sequestration project onto their land. This was the first public allegation of a leak from a carbon sequestration site and provides an opportunity to examine how a negative event can impact the perceptions of emerging technologies. A total of 76 in-depth interviews were held with residents in two communities including: (1) Weyburn, Saskatchewan, the location where the allegations of a leak were made; and (2) Priddis, Alberta, the location of a proposed carbon sequestration research project that was halted due to local concerns. Results demonstrate that communities perceived the allegations differently. Most participants who lived in the Weyburn area were not concerned about the allegations of a CO2 leak. Some residents from Priddis were concerned about CO2 leaks and the allegations made in Weyburn ultimately became a factor in the cancellation of the proposed project. This study compares and contrasts the differences in community perspectives, provides recommendations for risk communicators and ultimately considers the influence of early controversy on the development of emerging energy technologies.
Epidemiology of Leukemia

In studying etiology it is important to learn not only who is most susceptible but also who is least susceptible to certain forms of leukemia. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has a peculiarly low frequency in Chinese and Japanese, and is not induced by ionizing radiation [21]. CLL comprises only 1.5% of adult leukemias in Chinese and Japanese as compared with 30% in Europeans [10]. and the frequency does not rise with migration to Hawaii [9]. These observations separate CLL etiologically from other forms of leukemia and indicate the extent to which inherent susceptibility may vary.
Caliceal Colic: Fact or Fiction

We treated 11 patients who presented with flank pain and nonobstructing caliceal stones with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Long-term success as measured by relief of symptoms and a state free of stones was attained in 82 per cent of the patients, implying that this form of treatment is indicated for symptomatic caliceal stones.
Tunable polarised fluorescence of quantum dot doped nematic liquid crystals

ABSTRACTThe concentration, excitation photon wavelength, and polarisation dependent fluorescence of quantum dot (QD)–liquid crystal (LC) mixtures has been studied at room temperature using high-resolution, steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence of QD–LC mixture increases with increasing QD’s concentration but the spectral red shift of ~10 nm relative to the stock QD–Toluene solution remains independent of concentration. In vertical switching (VS) cells, an external electric field changes the LC alignment direction and enhances the apparent fluorescence intensity. The apparent fluorescence anisotropy compared to that at zero applied electric field monotonically increases up to ~27% at an applied electric field of 0.6 V/µm. These results are consistent with the formation of disc-like assemblages of QDs oriented on planes perpendicular to the director of the nematic liquid crystal (NLC). These findings have important utility in polarisation sensitive photonic devices.
Prospective Preliminary In Vitro Investigation of a Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Conjugated with Ligand CD80 and VEGF Antibody As a Targeted Drug Delivery System for the Induction of Cell Death in Rodent Osteosarcoma Cells

Abstract Target drug deliveries using nanotechnology are a novel consideration in the treatment of cancer. We present herein an in vitro mouse model for the preliminary investigation of the efficacy of an iron oxide nanoparticle complex conjugated to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody and ligand cluster of differentiation 80 (CD80) for the purpose of eventual translational applications in the treatment of human osteosarcoma (OSA). The 35 nm diameter iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles are functionalized with an n-hydroxysuccinimide biocompatible coating and are conjugated on the surface to proteins VEGF antibody and ligand CD80. Combined, these proteins have the ability to target OSA cells and induce apoptosis. The proposed system was tested on a cancerous rodent osteoblast cell line (ATCCTMNPO CRL-2836) at four different concentrations (0.1, 1.0, 10.0, and 100.0 μg/mL) of ligand CD80 alone, VEGF antibody alone, and a combination thereof (CD80+VEGF). Systems were implemented every 24 h over ...
Mouse strain sensitivity to chlorpromazine and amantadine interaction implications for management of neuroleptic induced dyskinesia and tourette's syndrome

Amantadine, a dopaminergic agonist, has been used in the management of neurolepticinduced dyskinesia and in Tourette’s syndrome. Genetic predisposition has been implicated in both of these movement disorders with a possible underlying abnormality in cerebral biogenic amine function. The effect of repeated administration of amantadine prior to chlorpromazine therapy on motor activity, whole brain dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) and some major metabolites was studied as a function of mouse strain. Chlorpromazine-enhanced amantadine therapy produced increases in motor activity in outbred albino ICR mice but not in inbred BALB/c mice. Combined drug treatment prevented chlorpromazine-mediated reduction of brain dopamine, suggesting that amantadine antagonises this effect. Amantadine counteracted chlorpromazine-induced increases of BALB/c but not ICR mouse brain 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. This interaction may be useful in investigating the suggested imbalance between catecholamine and indoleamine systems implicated in drug-induced tremors and extrapyramidal disorders. The results suggest a genotypic-dependent amantadine-chlorpromazine interaction involving motor function and brain monoamines that may underlie individual susceptibility to the development of neuroleptic-induced dyskinesia and/or the variable responses to amantadine therapy in patients with tardive dyskinesia or Tourette’s syndrome.
Early Results & Accuracy of the MAKO Robtic Unicompartmental Knee Replacement:

Objectives:To monitor the “learning curve” and assess the accuracy of implantation, safety and early results of a new to Australia, technique for unicompartmental knee replacementMethods:After cada...
Practitioners’ Recommendations for Foundational Educational Supports for Elementary-Age Learners With Autism Spectrum Disorders:

Professional literature related to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has increasingly focused on identifying interventions and strategies most likely to lead to successful outcomes. However, there is a paucity of research documenting the basic foundational structure and supports that are needed to promote successful classroom experiences and outcomes. Specifically, literature does not clearly define the basic educational elements that are needed for all students with an ASD diagnosis. Related to this void, this study reports educational practitioners’ recommendations for foundational elements for four groups of elementary-age learners with ASD who differed in age and severity of disability. Participants offered recommendations for supports and program resources that fell within nine categories. Results are discussed relative to the extant literature along with implications for preservice teacher preparation, educators’ professional development, and elemental programming for learners with ASD.
Decreased myoblast differentiation in chronic binge alcohol-administered simian immunodeficiency virus-infected male macaques: role of decreased miR-206

Skeletal muscle stem cells play a critical role in regeneration of myofibers. We previously demonstrated that chronic binge alcohol (CBA) markedly attenuates myoblast differentiation potential and myogenic gene expression. Muscle-specific microRNAs (miRs) are implicated in regulation of myogenic genes. The aim of this study was to determine whether myoblasts isolated from asymptomatic CBA-administered simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) showed similar impairments and, if so, to elucidate potential underlying mechanisms. Myoblasts were isolated from muscle at 11 mo after SIV infection from CBA/SIV macaques and from time-matched sucrose (SUC)-treated SIV-infected (SUC/SIV) animals and age-matched controls. Myoblast differentiation and myogenic gene expression were significantly decreased in myoblasts from SUC/SIV and CBA/SIV animals compared with controls. SIV and CBA decreased muscle-specific miR-206 in plasma and muscle and SIV decreased miR-206 expression in myoblasts, with no statistically significant changes in other muscle-specific miRs. These findings were associated with a significant increase in histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) and decrease in myogenic enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) expression in CBA/SIV muscle. Transfection with miR-206 inhibitor decreased myotube differentiation, increased expression of HDAC4, and decreased MEF2C, suggesting a critical role of miR-206 in myogenesis. Moreover, HDAC4 was confirmed to be a direct miR-206 target. These results support a mechanistic role for decreased miR-206 in suppression of myoblast differentiation resulting from chronic alcohol and SIV infection. The parallel changes in skeletal muscle and circulating levels of miR-206 warrant studies to establish the possible use of plasma miR-206 as an indicator of impaired muscle function.
P4.14 Patterns of point of care test use among obstetricians and gynaecologists(OB-GYNS) in the u.s

Introduction Point of care tests (POCTs) for syphilis, HIV, and Trichomonas are currently available, easy-to-use and inexpensive. We surveyed practicing Ob-gyns to determine POCT current use and perceived barriers to use. Methods Between June and August 2016, 1000 members of the American College of Ob-gyns were randomly selected and invited to complete a Qualtrics survey: 600 were members of the Collaborative Ambulatory Research Network (CARN). Respondents completing at least 60% of the survey were included in analyses. Results 930 members had valid emails; 288 (31%) participated in and completed the survey. 70% were male. Average years in practice were 16 for males and 23 for females. 30% reported diagnosing STDs 1–2 times/week and 45% reported 1–2 times/month. POCTs used included pregnancy test (83%), urine dipstick (83%), wet mount test (79%) and the vagina pH test (54.8%). Few used Gram stain (5%) and stat RPRs (4%). Newer POCTs were used less frequently with 20% reporting Affirm VPIII test use, and only 9% using a rapid HIV test. Most common barriers were the amount of reimbursement received for performing the test (61.9%) and the payment coverage from the patient (61.3%). Conclusion Ob-gyns in the U.S. rely on laboratory test results and older traditional POCTs to diagnosis STDs. Future development and marketing of POCTs should consider not only ease and time of test performance but also cost of tests to the practice and the patient, as well as reimbursement.
Challenges in head pose estimation of drivers in naturalistic recordings using existing tools

Head pose is an important feature to understand the driver's behavior and their level of attention. While current head pose estimation (HPE) algorithms are suitable for many applications under controlled conditions, the performance drops in driving environments where images commonly have varying illumination, occlusions, and extreme head rotations. It is important to understand the limitations of current HPE algorithms to create computer vision solutions that target in-vehicle applications. This paper analyzes the HPE algorithms OpenFace, IntraFace and ZFace, with images recorded under natural driving environment where the goal is to find consistent conditions that affect the performance of current HPE systems. The key feature of the recordings is the use of a headband with AprilTags, which are used to estimate reference head pose angles. We study the effect of different factors including head pose angles, illumination in the frames and occlusions due to glasses. We identify the range of yaw and pitch rotations for which these HPE algorithms provide reliable estimations. While the HPE algorithms work reasonably well for normal/rimless glasses, occlusion due to thicker glasses is a major problem. We identified frames where all the HPE algorithms failed to provide an estimate. We are releasing the data to serve as a benchmark for future HPE algorithms in naturalistic driving conditions.
Improved "Order-N" Performance Algorithm for the Simulation of Constrained Multi-Rigid-Body Dynamic Systems

This paper presents an algorithm for the efficient numerical analysisand simulation of modest to heavily constrained multi-rigid-body dynamicsystems. The algorithm can accommodate the spatial motion of generalmulti-rigid-body systems containing arbitrarily many closed loops inO(n + m)operations overall for systems containing n generalizedcoordinates, and m independent algebraic constraints. The presentedapproach does not suffer from the performance (speed) penaltyencountered by most other of the so-called `O(n)' state-spaceformulations, when dealing with constraints which tend to actually showO(n + m + nm + nm2+ m3) performance. Additionally, these latterformulations may require additional constraint violation stabilizationprocedures (e.g. Baumgarte's method, coordinate partitioning, etc.)which can contribute significant additional computation. The presentedmethod suffers less from this difficulty because the loop closureconstraints at both the velocity and acceleration level are directlyembedded within the formulation. Due to these characteristics, thepresented algorithm offers superior computing performance relative toother methods in situations involving both large n and m.
The Social Construction of the Dominant Psychological Paradigm: Columbus, Slavery, and the Discourses of Domination

Within this chapter we examine the ways in which ideas regarding educational psychology are reproduced by the dominant society through a process of educational and media indoctrination and propaganda. In the first section of this chapter we examine the role the colonization of the Americas and the trans-Atlantic slave trade played in establishing the current Euro-centric, pro-bosses hegemony and the subsequent racist/white supremacist social construction of psychological concepts such as intelligence.
Microgranulomas in grossly normal rectal mucosa in Crohn's disease.

Rectal biopsies of sigmoidoscopically normal mucosa from 99 patients with Crohn’s disease of the ileum, colon, or both were studied histologically, with particular reference to the presence of granulomas. Among the 14 cases of granulomas, some were of the usual sarcoid type and could easily be detected. Other microgranulomas were less well defined and were found only by mid- or high-power microscopic screening of serial sections. The morphologic characteristics, the relationship to ordinary Crohn’ s-disease granulomas and the possible significance of microgranulomas are discussed.
Risk Assessments of Dioxinlike Compounds

The dioxins and related compounds, including halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins, di-benzofurans, and polyhalogenated biphenyls, have been of major environmental concern for over three decades. Prior to that, primarily in occupational settings, workers were exposed to these compounds in chemical production and waste disposal for nearly 100 years, from the earliest years of the synthetic organic chemical industry in Germany, England, and the United States (see Silbergeld et al. 1 for a brief history of occupational health and the dioxins). Even before the dioxins and furans were definitively identified by Kimmig and Schulz in 1957 as contaminants and by-products in chemical synthesis,2 a number of reports had appeared in the clinical literature describing serious adverse health effects, including death, in exposed workers and in some cases in their families, who were exposed by the transport of material from the workplace to the home.3 Starting in the 1930s, animal experiments funded by industry were conducted with materials associated with worker intoxication. Explosions and other industrial accidents resulted in substantial occupational exposures, which were also studied by industry. However, the results of these studies were not, in most cases, communicated to the affected workers, the public, or authorities regulating occupational health and safety.1,2,4
Constructive Type Theories

This chapter will describe the approach to formal systems for constructive mathematics initiated by Martin-Lof. Of the various systems described in this book, these systems have so far been the most used by computer scientists interested in actual implementation; this will be discussed briefly at the end of the chapter. The word “type” in the title is similar to “set”; but also similar to the “data type” of computer science. A “type” is a set which can serve as the range of a variable. The evolution of programming languages has resulted in more and more flexible and general syntax for the definition of types; Martin-Lof s systems can be viewed as another step in this direction. They can also be viewed from the logical side as a kind of restricted set theory; not just any set can be a type, but only what we have called in previous chapters a “completely presented set”.
FIM measurement properties and Rasch model details

To summarize, we take issue with the criticisms of Dickson & Kohler for two main reasons: 1. Rasch analysis provides a model from which to approach the analysis of the FIM, an ordinal scale, as an interval scale. The existence of examples of items or individuals which do not fit the model does not disprove the overall efficacy of the model; and 2. the principal components analysis of FIM motor items as presented by Dickson & Kohler tends to undermine rather than support their argument. Their own analyses produce a single major factor explaining between 58.5 and 67.1% of the variance, depending upon the sample, with secondary factors explaining much less variance. Finally, analysis of item response, or latent trait, is a powerful method for understanding the meaning of a measure. However, it presumes that item scores are accurate. Another concern is that Dickson & Kohler do not address the issue of reliability of scoring the FIM items on which they report, a critical point in comparing results. The Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation (UDSMRSM) expends extensive effort in the training of clinicians of subscribing facilities to score items accurately. This is followed up with a credentialing process. Phase 1 involves the testing of individual clinicians who are submitting data to determine if they have achieved mastery over the use of the FIM instrument. Phase 2 involves examining the data for outlying values. When Dickson & Kohler investigate more carefully the application of the Rasch model to their FIM data, they will discover that the results presented in their paper support rather than contradict their application of the Rasch model! This paper is typical of supposed refutations of Rasch model applications. Dickson & Kohler will find that idiosyncrasies in their data and misunderstandings of the Rasch model are the only basis for a claim to have disproven the relevance of the model to FIM data. The Rasch model is a mathematical theorem (like Pythagoras') and so cannot be disproven by empirical data once it has been deduced on theoretical grounds. Sometimes empirical data are not suitable for construction of a measure. When this happens, the routine fit statistics indicate the unsuitable segments of the data. Most FIM data do conform closely enough to the Rasch model to support generalizable linear measures. Science can advance!
Revisit of Dynamic Brazilian Tests of Geomaterials

Understanding the dynamic behavior of geomaterials is critical for refining modeling and simulation of applications that involve impacts or explosions. Obtaining material properties of geomaterials is challenging, particularly in tension, due to the brittle and low-strength nature of such materials. Dynamic split tension technique (also called dynamic Brazilian test) has been employed in recent decades to determine the dynamic tensile strength of geomaterials. This is primarily because the split tension method is relatively straightforward to implement in a Kolsky compression bar. Typically, investigators use the peak load reached by the specimen to calculate the tensile strength of the specimen material, which is valid when the specimen is compressed at quasi-static strain rate. However, the same assumption cannot be safely made at dynamic strain rates due to wave propagation effects. In this study, the dynamic split tension (or Brazilian) test technique is revisited. High-speed cameras and digital image correlation (DIC) were used to image the failure of the Brazilian-disk specimen to discover when the first crack occurred relative to the measured peak load during the experiment. Differences of first crack location and time on either side of the sample were compared. The strain rate when the first crack is initiated was also compared to the traditional estimation method of strain rate using the specimen stress history.
Preferential generation of Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors by AKAP79-anchored protein kinase C proceeds via GluA1 subunit phosphorylation at Ser-831

AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission in the mammalian central nervous system. Preferential AMPAR subunit assembly favors heteromeric GluA1/GluA2 complexes. The presence of the GluA2 subunit generates Ca2+-impermeable (CI) AMPARs that have linear current-voltage (I-V) relationships. However, diverse forms of synaptic plasticity and pathophysiological conditions are associated with shifts from CI to inwardly rectifying, GluA2-lacking, Ca2+-permeable (CP) AMPARs on time scales ranging from minutes to days. These shifts have been linked to GluA1 phosphorylation at Ser-845, a protein kinase A (PKA)-targeted site within its intracellular C-terminal tail, often in conjunction with protein kinase A anchoring protein 79 (AKAP79; AKAP150 in rodents), which targets PKA to GluA1. However, AKAP79 may impact GluA1 phosphorylation at other sites by interacting with other signaling enzymes. Here, we evaluated the ability of AKAP79, its signaling components, and GluA1 phosphorylation sites to induce CP-AMPARs under conditions in which CI-AMPARs normally predominate. We found that GluA1 phosphorylation at Ser-831 is sufficient for the appearance of CP-AMPARs and that AKAP79-anchored protein kinase C (PKC) primarily drives the appearance of these receptors via this site. In contrast, other AKAP79-signaling components and C-terminal tail GluA1 phosphorylation sites exhibited a permissive role, limiting the extent to which AKAP79 promotes CP-AMPARs. This may reflect the need for these sites to undergo active phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cycles that control their residency within distinct subcellular compartments. These findings suggest that AKAP79, by orchestrating phosphorylation, represents a key to a GluA1 phosphorylation passcode, which allows the GluA1 subunit to escape GluA2 dominance and promote the appearance of CP-AMPARs.
Introduction: What Does Responsibility Mean to Organizations in the Current Global Context?

Within the large, heterogeneous body of studies on management and organization, the question of responsibility linked to company actions has been approached more or less explicitly. Over time, too, the sensitivity to the theme of organizational responsibility has largely evolved. While it is not a new trend, a number of authors have long emphasized the relationship between responsibility, organizations, and management. Such considerations seem even more crucial in this era of profound uncertainty, large-scale globalization, and somewhat contradictory expectations regarding the social, economic, environmental and political responsibilities of major corporations. This chapter examines some challenging questions regarding ethics, big data, inclusion, and their implications for the activity of private, public, and not-for-profit organizations in the current global context. It provides key aspects for a tentative definition of responsible organizations and introduces the main ideas of the book.
MENTAL STRESS-INDUCED CHANGE IN PLASMA STROMAL DERIVED FACTOR-1 PREDICTS ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES IN HEART FAILURE

Acute psychological stress can provoke mental stress (MS)-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) in coronary artery disease (CAD). Stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha (SDF1) is released in response to hypoxia, and higher levels of SDF1 are associated with adverse outcomes. We examined whether change in
RICH detector development for the Electron-Ion Collider experiments

Abstract In the proposed Electron–Ion Collider (EIC) experiments, particle identification (PID) of the final state hadrons in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering allows the measurement of flavor-dependent gluon and quark distributions inside nucleons and nuclei. The EIC PID consortium (eRD14 Collaboration) has been formed for identifying and developing PID detectors using ring imaging Cherenkov (RICH) techniques for the future EIC experiments in a broad kinematic coverage. In this article, we summarize the recent work of the eRD14 Collaboration on three RICH detector systems: DIRC, dual radiator RICH, and compact modular RICH.
Long-Term Measurements Show Little Evidence for Large Increases in Total U.S. Methane Emissions Over the Past Decade

Author(s): Lan, X; Tans, P; Sweeney, C; Andrews, A; Dlugokencky, E; Schwietzke, S; Kofler, J; McKain, K; Thoning, K; Crotwell, M; Montzka, S; Miller, BR; Biraud, SC | Abstract: Recent studies show conflicting estimates of trends in methane (CH4) emissions from oil and natural gas (ONG) operations in the United States. We analyze atmospheric CH4 measurements from 20 North American sites in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network and determined trends for 2006–2015. Using CH4 vertical gradients as an indicator of regional surface emissions, we find no significant increase in emissions at most sites and modest increases at three sites heavily influenced by ONG activities. Our estimated increases in North American ONG CH4 emissions (on average approximately 3.4 ± 1.4 %/year for 2006–2015, ±σ) are much smaller than estimates from some previous studies and below our detection threshold for total emissions increases at the east coast sites that are sensitive to U.S. outflows. We also find an increasing trend in ethane/methane emission ratios, which has resulted in major overestimation of oil and gas emissions trends in some previous studies.
Taking Advantage of Group Behavior When Tracking Multiple Threats in Cluttered Surveillance Data

Threats are composed of some process or plan being carried out by a group of people with an end goal that is generally to cause harm. Some examples of these kinds of threats are terrorist attacks, military actions, or stock fraud. These threats can be modeled stochastically with help from experts within the relevant field. We model these threats with a hypothesis as to how these events will unfold along with a method for observing the unfolding threat. We will use this model to detect the threat before its completion and, ideally, allow for preemptive action against it. The models used for threats in this paper are variations of Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) with sparse observation emission (rare as compared to the expected process length). The population observed is assumed to be organized into groups called “cliques”. Rather than tracking an individual's involvement probability as was done in a related effort, we track a clique's (group's) involvement probability across all threats using a Bayesian update equation and conditioning on association events between the observations and the set of measurement generating HMMs (threat and clutter processes). We assign an individual's involvement probability conditionally based on that of their group, and thence the state of each threat process then its state is estimated using a bank of Bernoulli filters. This will allow us to accurately detect multiple threat processes within a single stream of observations (most of which will be clutter).
Gesturing Shame: Reading the Wild Hands in the Heart Is a Lonely Hunter

In this paper, I propose to read shame into Carson McCullers’s 1940 novel, The Heart is a Lonely Hunter, particularly into the characterization of the protagonist John Singer. Often conceived of as...
Robotic Rectopexy for Rectal Prolapse in Pediatric Patients

Rectal prolapse is the protrusion of the rectum out of the anus. Surgical correction can be accomplished via open and minimally invasive abdominal approaches, as well as from the perineum. Robotic rectopexy is an option for minimally invasive treatment of rectal prolapse. There are no studies that have established the efficacy of robotic rectopexy for rectal prolapse in the pediatric population. The aim of this study was to review the experience of robotic rectopexy at a single institution. This is a retrospective review of our pediatric robotic rectopexy experience from 2012 to 2015. Information was obtained from chart review of both operative notes and clinic visits. Four pediatric patients underwent a robotic rectopexy for rectal prolapse from 2012 to 2015. Three patients were male and one was female. The mean age was 15.5 years (range 13-17). Two patients had rectal prolapse with chronic constipation. One patient had rectal prolapse from Ehlers Danlos syndrome, and the last had rectal prolapse after imperforate anus repair as an infant. Three patients received a bowel preparation. Three patients were completed robotically, and one patient required conversion to an open procedure. The average postoperative length of stay was 3.25 days (range 2-4). There were no episodes of recurrent prolapse. Two patients had improvement in constipation, one had no improvement, and one had no documented change. Average postoperative follow-up was 11.5 months (range 3-29). This study was a review of one institution's experience with pediatric robotic rectopexy. With short-term follow-up, there was no recurrence of prolapse. Robotic rectopexy provided a safe, reliable, and short-term resolution of rectal prolapse in pediatric patients.
Bilirubin Induces the Burning of Fat via the Nuclear Receptor PPARα

Deposition fat in adipocytes has become key to understanding how obesity and insulin resistance impact morbidity and mortality. Several studies have shown a decreased amount of body fat in patients...
Bacterial envelope damage inflicted by bioinspired nanospikes grown in a hydrogel

Device-associated infections are one of the deadliest complications accompanying the use of biomaterials, and despite recent advances in the development of anti-biofouling strategies, biomaterials that exhibit both functional tissue restoration and antimicrobial activity have been challenging to achieve. Here, we report the fabrication of bio-inspired bactericidal nanospikes in bacterial cellulose and investigate the mechanism underlying this phenomenon. We demonstrate these structures affects preferentially stiff membranes like those in Gram-positive bacteria, but exhibit cytocompatibility towards mammalian cells, a requisite for tissue restoration. We also reveal the bactericidal activity of the nanospikes is due to a pressure-induced mechanism, which depends on the cell adherence time, nanospike geometry and spacing, cell shape, and mechanical properties of the cell wall.Our findings provide a better understanding of the mechanobiology of bacterial cells at the interface with nanoscale structures, which is fundamental for the rational design bactericidal topographies.
Integrating Metagenomics into Personalized Medicine in Dermatology

There has been a recent focus on the association between human microbiomes and disease development, disease resistance, and therapy response. Fecal transplants for inflammatory bowel disease and resistant Clostridium difficile infection have demonstrated that manipulating the gut microbiome can be beneficial in treating disease. Microbiomes are important in dermatology, where response to immune checkpoint inhibitors for melanoma therapy can be affected by differences in gut microbial composition. Bleach baths, which alter the skin microbiome, are known to be beneficial in atopic dermatitis. Gut dysbiosis, or disturbance in the gut microbiome in early life, can influence the development of systemic sclerosis and atopic dermatitis. Metagenomic sequencing can therefore be a useful addition to personalized medicine to identify therapy responders versus non-responders, patients at risk of serious side-effects from biologics and immune checkpoint inhibitors, and prebiotic supplements that aid in improving therapy response.
CNS demyelination with TNFα inhibitor exposure: A retrospective cohort study.

Abstract Objective To study long-term outcomes in patients with CNS demyelinating events exposed to TNFa-inhibitors (TNFai), including subsequent clinical relapse, MRI lesions, and use of disease modifying therapy (DMT) for MS. Methods Adult patients evaluated for a CNS demyelinating disease during TNFai use were identified at Mass General Brigham [01/1998–08/2020] and analyzed in clinically-relevant subgroups. Inclusion criteria required a first neurological event while taking a TNFai, MRI lesions consistent with demyelination, and the absence of a more probable alternative diagnosis. Results 21 cases (mean age 44 years, 20 female, 14 ≥ 2 MS risk factors) had an index neurological event (INE) at a median of 12 months (range 1–176) from onset of TNFai use (adalimumab in 10, etanercept 6, infliximab 5). MRI lesions were most often present in periventricular (16/20, 80%) and spinal zones (10/20, 50%); 37% (7/19) met ≥ 2 Barkhof criteria at onset. CSF testing was abnormal in 64% (7/11). 67% (10/15) with available follow-up MRIs developed new lesions by a median of 29.5 months of MRI surveillance (median MRI surveillance 60 months); 55% (11/20) met ≥ 2 Barkhof criteria. 47% (8/17) suffered a clinical relapse by a median of 40.5 months of clinic follow-up (median clinic follow-up since INE: 26 months). In patients discontinuing TNFai (18/21, 86%) at INE onset, 56% (10/18) had further evidence of CNS demyelination. Six patients (6/21, 29%) started an MS disease modifying therapy (DMT) at INE of whom 50% (3/6) had subsequent disease activity. Continuing or restarting TNFai was followed by relapse in 75% (3/4). 65% (13/20) met 2017 McDonald criteria for MS at INE with another 10% (15/20, 75%) by study conclusion. Conclusions With extended follow-up, a majority of patients had a relapsing CNS demyelinating disorder—as evidenced by new MRI lesions or clinical relapses—despite TNFai discontinuation.
Alopecia Areata: New Treatment Options Including Janus Kinase Inhibitors

Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic, relapsing, autoimmune disorder characterized by patchy nonscaring hair loss. Although the pathogenesis of alopecia areata is not yet completely elucidated, loss of immune privilege in anagen stage hair follicles is widely accepted to play a key role. Several cytokines that depend on Janus kinase signaling have been identified to be involved in AA, including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, IL-15, IL-21, and interferon-γ, making Janus kinase inhibitors an attractive therapeutic target. Available information indicates that about 70% of patients with AA experience significant regrowth, but interruption of treatment is associated with disease recurrence.
Head Scanning Behavior Predicts Hazard Detection Safety Before Entering an Intersection.

ObjectiveWe conducted a driving simulator study to investigate scanning and hazard detection before entering an intersection.BackgroundInsufficient scanning has been suggested as a factor contribut...
Waistline to the gumline: Relationship between obesity and periodontal disease-biological and management considerations

Obesity is a pandemic and periodontitis is the sixth most prevalent disease in the world. These two noncommunicable diseases share several risk determinants. Epidemiologic evidence from the last 2 decades has established an increase in periodontitis prevalence in obese and overweight individuals. Biologic mechanisms potentially linking obesity and periodontal disease are adiposity-associated hyperinflammation, microbial dysbiosis, altered immune response, specific genetic polymorphisms, and increased stress. However, because of the lack of longitudinal interventional studies and randomized clinical trials, there is insufficient evidence to determine the cause-effect relationship between these two diseases. Despite this, the negative impact of obesity on oral health is well established. Several logistic and physiologic complications are associated with treating obese patients in a dental setting, and it requires an interprofessional team approach. Oral health care professionals need to be aware of the specific management considerations while rendering for this cohort, including modified practice facility and equipment, tailored supportive periodontal therapy, and heightened precaution during conscious sedation and surgical procedures.
Organic extract of an edible blue-green algae Spirluina platensis exerts anti-inflammatory effects in C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat/high sucrose diet

We previously demonstrated that organic extract of Spirulina platensis, an edible blue-green algae, (SPE) possess potent anti-inflammatory properties in macrophages in vitro. To investigate whether...
Noble Metal—Synthetic Polymer Catalysts and Studies on the Mechanism of Their Action

Publisher Summary Colloidal metals of the eighth group in the periodic table are among the first catalysts employed in the hydrogenation of organic compounds. The advent of high-pressure hydrogenation and the development of supported and skeletal catalysts have resulted in the reduced use of colloidal catalysts. In comparison with the newer forms, the early types of colloidal catalysts possess several disadvantages. The major innovation in catalysts was the application of synthetic polymers as supporting colloids rather than derived natural products, such as sodium lysalbinate. This development has resulted in obtaining colloidal catalysts with reproducible activity that may be used in organic solvents. The newer types of colloidal catalysts were prepared containing palladium, platinum, rhodium , and iridium. The chapter discusses the results of investigations on and with noble metal-synthetic high-polymer catalysts.
A cost function level analysis of Autocorrelation Minimization based blind adaptive channel shorteners

This paper considers a cost function level analysis of the Sum-squared Autocorrelation Minimization (SAM) channel shortening algorithm. We point out that the actual cost the blind adaptive stochastic gradient descent algorithm is minimizing is only indirectly related to the sum squared autocorrelation. We study the asymptotic regimes under which the actual cost yields a reliable surrogate for the sum squared autocorrelation. We investigate the relationship between the minima of the actual cost and sum squared autocorrelation. We also study the upper bound of the approximate cost as a function of the window size used in the approximate autocorrelation calculation.