cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Case 4: An Infant with Status Epilepticus and Stroke

1. Firdhous Alimathunisa Abdul Kather, MD* 2. Kallol Kumar Set, MD* 1. *Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI A 33-day-old boy is admitted to the hospital with seizure episodes. The antenatal course was complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus and group B streptococcus (GBS) urinary tract infection for which the mother received intrapartum antibiotic drug therapy. The patient was born at term by induced vaginal delivery because of prolonged rupture of membrane but with Apgar scores of 8, 9, and 9 at 1, 5, and 10 minutes, respectively, without any birth asphyxia, meconium aspiration, and nuchal cord. On the day of admission, the patient started having tonic-clonic movement involving the left upper extremity associated with left arm extension, fisting of the left hand with squeezing movement, and eye deviation to the left associated with grunting. He continues to have seizures until he is given 4 doses of intravenous lorazepam 0.1 mg/kg, a loading dose of levetiracetam 20 mg/kg intravenously, and phenobarbital 20 mg/kg intravenously. He also presents with fever (rectal temperature of 102.9°F [39.4°C]), which is treated with 10 mg/kg of rectal acetaminophen twice. On examination, peripheral capillary refill is 3 seconds. He has no spontaneous eye opening but is responding to painful stimuli. The anterior fontanelle is bulging, and pupils are 2 mm and reacting normally. Funduscopic examination did not show retinal hemorrhage, but optic disc margins were not clear bilaterally. Movement is diminished overall, but no movement of the left upper and lower extremities is present. The Moro reflex is incomplete, but rooting and sucking reflexes are present. Four beats of ankle …
Community Pharmacists as Partners in Reducing Suicide Risk.

Death by suicide is a significant public health problem, with deaths resulting from suicide increasing by 28% from 1999 to 2016.[1][1] Of those whose died by suicide, 54% were not previously diagnosed with a mental health condition.[1][1] Lack of a formal mental health diagnosis could be attributed
Chinese EFL learners’ misconceptions of noun countability and article use

Abstract This study examined the relationship between Chinese English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ misconceptions of noun countability and errors in their article use. We compared the patterns of article-noun combinations in two written corpora, one of first-language English writers and one of Chinese EFL learners, to identify errors of article use and the nouns associated with those errors. Based on the results of the comparative corpus analysis, we invited a group of Chinese EFL learners to complete a forced-choice task designed to elicit article use with 13 target nouns, and subsequently conducted one-on-one stimulated recall interviews with the learners to elicit explanations for their choices. Analyses of the learners’ task performance and interviews revealed learner misconceptions of countability as the primary source of article errors, as well as several additional sources. These findings shed light on the role of knowledge of countability in accurate article use and have useful implications for EFL pedagogy.
Rhythm Violation Enhances Auditory-Evoked Responses to the Extent of Overriding Sensory Adaptation in Passive Listening.

Sensory systems utilize temporal structure in the environment to build expectations about the timing of forthcoming events. We investigated the effects of rhythm-based temporal expectation on audit...
Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Grafts Commonly Used for Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament are common, and often are treated with reconstruction. Limited quantitative data are available describing material properties of grafts used for reconstructions such as the bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB), hamstring tendon (HS), and quadriceps tendon (QT). The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare microstructural and mechanical properties of BPTB, HS, and QT grafts. Methods Forty specimens (13 BPTB, 13 HS, and 14 QT grafts) from 24 donors were used. Specimens were subjected to preconditioning, stress relaxation, and ramp to failure. Mechanical parameters were calculated for each sample, and polarization imaging was used to evaluate the direction and strength of collagen fiber alignment during testing. Results QT had the largest modulus values, and HS had the smallest. BPTB exhibited the least disperse collagen organization, while HS were the least strongly aligned. Microstructural properties showed more strongly aligned collagen with increasing load for all grafts. All tissues showed stress relaxation and subtle microstructural changes during the hold period. Conclusions The mechanical and microstructural properties differed significantly among BPTB, HS, and QT grafts. QT exhibited the largest moduli and greatest strength of collagen alignment, while HS had the smallest moduli and least strongly aligned collagen. Clinical relevance This study identified mechanical and microstructural differences among common grafts and between these grafts and the cruciate ligaments they replace. Further research is needed to properly interpret the clinical relevance of these differences.
Contemporary and Nascent Techniques for Monitoring of Oxygenation as a Vital Sign

Among the vital signs of human health, respiration is a critical component of a person’s well being. Physicians want to frequently and accurately measure respiration parameters such as partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, respiration rate, and peripheral blood oxygen saturation as changes in respiration parameters give some of the first signs of the onset of patient decline. Despite the recent developments in the field of medical wearable technology, remote monitoring of respiration parameters has yet to be sufficiently investigated. Conventional respiratory sensors, currently employed in the form of bulky, expensive, tethered bedside equipment, are not convenient for remote monitoring. In this paper, we discuss the medical requirements and the technical design challenges associated with creating a wearable, wireless respiratory monitoring system. We first investigate the working principle of available technologies and second explore the adaptation of techniques through different modalities of oxygenation such as partial pressure and hemoglobin saturation of oxygen via arterial blood gas, the partial pressure of transcutaneous oxygen, and peripheral oxygen saturation of blood hemoglobin.
Paternal Prenatal and Postpartum Depression

Depression in the perinatal period, stretching from conception to 1 year after delivery, is a phenomenon that has been documented in mothers for millennia. Recently, it has come to light that expecting and new fathers also experience higher rates of depression. This growing body of evidence points to paternal depression’s negative effects on the family and developing child mirroring many prior findings in mothers. This chapter reviews this developing literature on paternal depression with a specific focus on parental depression’s existence within and impact on the early family system.
Perspectives on Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Strategies in the United States: Looking Back, Looking Forward.

Attempts to solve the "problem of adolescent pregnancy" have long been a focus of national, state, and local efforts in the United States. This review article summarizes trends and strategies around adolescent pregnancy prevention, provides lessons learned and best practices, and presents ideas for future directions. Over the past decades, a wide variety of policy and programmatic interventions have been implemented - including educational efforts, clinical health services, and community-wide coalitions - accompanied by a growing consensus regarding viable solutions. While notable reductions in adolescent pregnancy and childbearing have occurred across all sociodemographic groups, racial/ethnic, geographic, and socioeconomic disparities persist. Many adolescents who most need sexual health information and services are underserved by current programs and policies. A growing understanding of the role of social determinants of health, the impacts of structural racism, and the need for equity and inclusion must inform the next set of interventions and societal commitments to not only ameliorate the occurrence of unintended adolescent pregnancy but also foster healthy adolescent development. Recommendations for future efforts include improving the content, quality, and sustainability of education programs; actively engaging youth in the design of policies, programs, and clinical services; using technology thoughtfully to improve health literacy; expanding access to services through telehealth and other delivery options; and designing programs and policies that recognize and address structural racism, health equity, and inclusion.
Integration of Unpaired Single-cell Chromatin Accessibility and Gene Expression Data via Adversarial Learning

Deep learning has empowered analysis for single-cell sequencing data in many ways and has generated deep understanding about a range of complex cellular systems. As the booming single-cell sequencing technologies brings the surge of high dimensional data that come from different sources and represent cellular systems with different features, there is an equivalent rise and challenge of integrating single-cell sequence across modalities. Here, we present a novel adversarial approach to integrate single-cell chromatin accessibility and gene expression data in a semi-supervised manner. We demonstrate that our method substantially improves data integration from a simple adversarial domain adaption approach, and it also outperforms two state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods.
Novel urine biomarkers to distinguish UTI from culture-negative pyuria

Emergency departments (EDs) often rely on urinalysis (UA) to rapidly identify urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. However, the suboptimal test characteristics of UA can lead to false-positive results. Novel urinary biomarkers may increase the diagnostic precision of UA. In this study, we compared the concentrations of 6 pre-selected proteins: BH3 interacting domain death agonist (BID), B-cell lymphoma 6 protein, ras GTPase-activating protein 1, cathepsin S (CTSS), 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase, and transgelin-2. In a pediatric ED, we prospectively enrolled 167 children with UA and urine culture collected. Pyuria was defined as either ≥ 5 white blood cells per high-power field on microscopy or positive leukocyte esterase (LE). The urine culture was considered positive if it yielded ≥ 50,000 colony-forming units per milliliter of any single urinary pathogen. Urine protein levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and normalized to urine creatinine. BID was significantly higher in the UTI group compared to the culture-negative pyuria group with a mean ratio of 1.42 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15, 1.76) when uncorrected for creatinine concentration. When corrected for creatinine concentration, CTSS was significantly elevated in the UTI group compared to the culture-negative pyuria group with a mean ratio of 2.11 (95% CI, 1.39, 3.21). BID and CTSS concentrations were elevated in the urine of children with UTI compared to those with culture-negative pyuria. These proteins deserve further research into their utility to serve as novel biomarkers for UTI.
The Movement of the Syllable as the Fundamental Unit of Phonetic Analysis

If movements are the essentials in speech why not consider the simple movement of the “sound” as the fundamental unit ? The answer is that the “sounds” and their movements cannot be discussed without involving their function in the syllable. The nature of the “sound” depends on what it does in the syllable. The distinction between the vowel and the consonant, or between a “syllable-forming sonant” and a true consonant must depend on the part the “sound” plays in the syllable. The distinction between consonants implosive and explosive (“ap puyantes et appuyees”) and their different fate in the course of phonetic changes can be explained only by reference to their function in the syllable. The movements of the “sounds” often overlap and often fuse; they are not always separate. But by common consent a syllable is always a separate event in the speech series. And while it has not been easy to determine the principle of syllable division, no one has assumed that two syllables could in any sense coincide.
Unusual cardiac "masses" in a newborn with infantile pompe disease.

Glycogen storage disease type II (OMIM #232300), or Pompe disease, may present in the newborn period with moderate-to-severe biventricular hypertrophy with or without left ventricular outflow tract obstruction that typically leads to death from cardiorespiratory failure in the first year of life. Glycogen deposition tends to be uniform, and is only occasionally accompanied by patchy areas of fibrosis. Here, we present an infant identified with biventricular hypertrophy and cardiac masses by prenatal ultrasound. Postnatal molecular studies did not support the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis in this case. Additional evaluation for infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy confirmed the diagnosis of Pompe disease. We discuss whether the “cardiac masses,” which brought this infant to medical attention and facilitated an early diagnosis of Pompe disease, may represent an unusual manifestation of GSD type II or the coincidental occurrence of an unrelated disease process.
A revised protocol for more clearly classifying a nonunion.

Classifying a nonunion solely on the extent of callus formation on a radiograph is insufficient. We have conducted a study with a revised protocol to classify a nonunion more clearly, which uses both radiographic observation and fixation stability. 47 consecutive femoral shaft nonunions were studied using this protocol and 42 nonunions were followed up for at least one year after discovery (range, 1–3 years). 40 nonunions healed after treatment with a union rate of 95.2% (40/42) and a union period of 4.7 ± 0.9 months. The 2 cases of failure were due to implant failure and both healed after reoperation. We recommend this revised protocol as a pretreatment assessment for all nonunions because of its integrity and effectiveness.
Breaking wind to survive: fishes that breathe air with their gut

Several taxonomically disparate groups of fishes have evolved the ability to extract oxygen from the air with elements of their gut. Despite perceived difficulties with balancing digestive and respiratory function, gut air breathing (GAB) has evolved multiple times in fishes and several GAB families are among the most successful fish families in terms of species numbers. When gut segments evolve into an air-breathing organ (ABO), there is generally a specialized region for exchange of gases where the gut wall has diminished, vascularization has increased, capillaries have penetrated into the luminal epithelium and surfactant is produced. This specialized region is generally separated from digestive portions of the gut by sphincters. GAB fishes tend to be facultative air breathers that use air breathing to supplement aquatic respiration in hypoxic waters. Some hindgut breathers may be continuous, but not obligate air breathers (obligate air breathers drown if denied access to air). Gut ABOs are generally used only for oxygen uptake; CO2 elimination seems to occur via the gills and skin in all GAB fishes studied. Aerial ventilation in GAB fishes is driven primarily by oxygen partial pressure of the water (PO2) and possibly also by metabolic demand. The effect of aerial ventilation on branchial ventilation and the cardiovascular system is complex and generalizations across taxa or ABO type are not currently possible. Blood from GAB fishes generally has a low blood oxygen partial pressure that half saturates haemoglobin (p50) with a very low erythrocytic nucleoside triphosphate concentration [NTP]. GAB behaviour in nature depends on the social and ecological context of the animal as well as on physiological factors.
Response of airborne Mycoplasma pneumoniae to abrupt changes in relative humidity.

The effect of an abrupt change in the relative humidity on the viability of airborne Mycoplasma pneumoniae has been examined. When the microbial aerosols were permitted to equilibrate in air held at either low or high humidities and were then subjected to a sudden shift to a mid-range humidity, a significant loss (>90%) of the colony-forming units per liter of aerosol occurred within 8 min. In contrast, a change in the relative humidity of more than 18% in either direction from a lethal mid-range humidity noticeably decreased the rate of biological decay. Double humidity shifts (i.e., from dry to a mid-range level and then to a high humidity range) were very detrimental, with very few survivors after 8 min. These results indicate that the biological stability of airborne M. pneumoniae may be easily modified by a sudden change in the relative humidity, such as occurs in natural atmospheres. This increased sensitivity brought about by producing changes in relative humidity through the lethal humidity range may provide a method whereby the control of these organisms in naturally contaminated indoor air environments may be eventually achieved.
Immersed interface methods for moving interface problems

A second order difference method is developed for the nonlinear moving interface problem of the form $$u_t + \lambda uu_x = \left( {\beta u_x } \right)_x - f\left( {x,t} \right),x \in \left[ {\left. {0,\alpha } \right) \cup \left( {\left. {\alpha ,1} \right]} \right.,} \right.$$ $$\frac{{d\alpha }}{{dt}} = w\left( {t,\alpha ;u,u_x } \right),$$ , where α (t) is the moving interface. The coefficient β(x,t) and the source term f(x,t) can be discontinuous across α (t) and moreover, f(x,t) may have a delta or/and delta-prime function singularity there. As a result, although the equation is parabolic, the solution u and its derivatives may be discontinuous across α (t). Two typical interface conditions are considered. One condition occurs in Stefan-like problems in which the solution is known on the interface. A new stable interpolation strategy is proposed. The other type occurs in a one-dimensional model of Peskin’s immersed boundary method in which only jump conditions are given across the interface. The Crank-Nicolson difference scheme with modifications near the interface is used to solve for the solution u(x,t) and the interface α (t) simultaneously. Several numerical examples, including models of ice-melting and glaciation, are presented. Second order accuracy on uniform grids is confirmed both for the solution and the position of the interface.
Cosmic ray environment model for Earth orbit

A set of computer codes, which include the effects of the Earth's magnetic field, used to predict the cosmic ray environment (atomic numbers 1 through 28) for a spacecraft in a near-Earth orbit is described. A simple transport analysis is used to approximate the environment at the center of a spherical shield of arbitrary thickness. The final output is in a form (a Heinrich Curve) which has immediate applications for single event upset rate predictions. The codes will culate the time average environment for an arbitrary number (fractional or whole) of circular orbits. The computer codes were run for some selected orbits and the results, which can be useful for quick estimates of single event upset rates, are given. The codes were listed in the language HPL, which is appropriate or a Hewlett Packard 9825B desk top computer. Extensive documentation of the codes is available from COSMIC, except where explanations have been deferred to references where extensive documentation can be found. Some qualitative aspects of the effects of mass and magnetic shielding are also discussed.
Christopher Beeley, The Unity of Christ

Professor Beeley has contributed a new chapter to the history of the doctrine of communicatio idiomatum. He has written a provocative book, whose argument is both revisionist and orthodox. Beeley proposes to revise the accepted christological narrative by questioning the significance and theological genius of Athanasius of Alexandria. In Beeley's judgement, Athanasius' contribution pales in comparison with such giants as Origen, Eusebius of Caesarea, Gregory Nazianzen and Maximus the Confessor. Beeley finds especially in Nazianzen's Christology the most profound and consistent rendering of the unity of Christ, a golden standard for expressing communicatio idiomatum. According to Beeley, Gregory's achievement was only partially matched by the Christologies of Cyril of Alexandria and Leo of Rome. Gregory's Christology is the apex of the Origenist tradition, its most complete and compelling expression. A permanent contribution of Beeley's work is the restoration of Gregory the Theologian to the diptychs of contemporary Western patristic scholarship, in which Nazianzen has been overshadowed by another Cappadocian, Gregory of Nyssa.
Reconstructing hash reversal based proof of work schemes

Proof of work schemes use client puzzles to manage limited resources on a server and provide resilience to denial of service attacks. Attacks utilizing GPUs to inflate computational capacity, known as resource inflation, are a novel and powerful threat that dramatically increase the computational disparity between clients. This disparity renders proof of work schemes based on hash reversal ineffective and potentially destructive. This paper examines various such schemes in view of GPU-based attacks and identifies characteristics that allow defense mechanisms to withstand attacks. In particular, we demonstrate that, hash-reversal schemes which adapt solely on server load are ineffective under attack by GPU utilizing adversaries; whereas, hash-reversal schemes which adapt based on client behavior are effective even under GPU based attacks.
Monocyte urokinase expression: modulation by interleukins

This study delineates the regulatory effect of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) on monocyte plasminogen activator (PA) activity. Mononuclear phagocytes regulate net PA activity by modulating the expression of urokinase-type PA (uPA) and a specific plasminogen activator inhibitor, PAI-2. To understand the regulation of mononuclear phagocyte PA activity, it is important to compare the expression of uPA and PAI-2. In this study, we determined the relative abundance of secreted PA and PA inhibitor activity in human monocyte-conditioned medium after stimulation with human recombinant IL-1 or IL-2. In agreement with our previous description of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma stimulation of mononuclear phagocytes, we found no detectable PA activity in conditioned medium. Both IL-1 and IL-2 had dose-dependent effects, significantly up-regulating PA inhibitor activity in monocyte-conditioned medium (up to 11-fold). To further investigate the mechanism underlying this effect, Northern blot analysis was done to measure steady-state mRNA for uPA and PAI-2. Consistent with the increase in secreted PA inhibitor activity, we found that both IL-1 and IL-2 significantly increased steady-state mRNA for PAI-2. In addition, however, both IL-1 and IL-2 increased steady-state mRNA for uPA. IL-1 appears to increase mRNA for uPA to a greater extent than does IL-2. We conclude that IL-1 and IL-2 modulate monocyte proteolytic activity by increasing expression of uPA and PAI-2 with a resultant predominance of PAI-2. We further conclude that cytokine-specific regulation of plasminogen activity is achieved partly by varying the proportionate expression of uPA and PAI-2.
Native California soils are selective reservoirs for multidrug-resistant bacteria

Soil bacteria can exhibit extensive antibiotic resistomes and act as reservoirs of important antibiotic resistance traits. However, the geographic sources and evolutionary drivers of resistance traits are poorly understood in these natural settings. We investigated the prevalence, spatial structure and evolutionary drivers of multidrug resistance in natural populations of Bradyrhizobium, a cosmopolitan bacterial lineage that thrives in soil and aquatic systems as well as in plant and human hosts. We genotyped > 400 isolates from plant roots and soils across California and assayed 98 of them for resistance traits against 17 clinically relevant antibiotics. We investigated the geographic and phylogenetic structure of resistance traits, and analysed correlations of resistance with strain abundance, host infection capacity and in vitro fitness. We found: (i) multidrug resistance at all sites, (ii) subsets of resistance traits that are spatially structured and (iii) significant associations between resistance traits and increased strain abundance or host infection capacity. Our results highlight multiple selective factors that can result in the spread of resistance traits in native Bradyrhizobium populations.
Visualizing pHLIP Insertion in Plasmamembrane and Endosomal Membrane

The pH-(Low) Insertion Peptide (pHLIP) has potential as a tumor-targeting drug carrier. At neutral pH, pHLIP has affinity for the surface of a lipid bilayer, whereas under slightly acidic conditions (e.g. pH ∼ 6) pHLIP inserts into the membrane, forming a transmembrane helix. Since many solid tumors are more acidic than healthy tissues, pHLIP may be used to translocate chemotherapeutic agents selectively into cancer cells. Knowledge of the exact location of pHLIP insertion in cells can guide the rational design of delivery constructs. We envision two scenarios for pHLIP insertion in cells: First, pHLIP may directly insert into the plasmamembrane; alternatively, cells may internalize pHLIP molecules via endocytosis, and subsequently pHLIP may insert into the endosomal membrane. In this study, several fluorescently self-quenched pHLIP constructs were synthesized to visualize to what extend these two scenarios are occurring in cells at pH 7.3 and 6.2. In these self-quenched pHLIP constructs, a rhodamine dye (TAMRA or Alexa Fluor 568) is attached to a C-terminal Lys residue, with the quencher QSY-9 conjugated to an adjacent Cys via a cleavable disulfide linker (or a stable thio-ether bond). Upon insertion, pHLIP would translocate its C-terminus into the cell cytoplasm, where cleavage of the disulfide linkage and release of the quencher QSY9 can take place. In turn, the pHLIP construct would become more fluorescent.
A second look at second-order belief attribution in autism

Compared the performance of autistic and mentally retarded subjects, all of whom had passed a standard first-order test of false belief, on a new second-order belief task. 12 autistic and 12 mentally retarded subjects, matched on verbal mental age (assessed by PPVT and a sentence comprehension subtest of the CELF) and full-scale IQ were given two trials of a second-order reasoning task which was significantly shorter and less complex than the standard task used in all previous research. The majority of subjects in both groups passed the new task, and were able to give appropriate justifications to their responses. No group differences were found in performance on the control or test questions. Findings are interpreted as evidence for the role of information processing factors rather than conceptual factors in performance on higher order theory of mind tasks.
Polarization properties of the variable-grating-mode liquid-crystal device

The principal features of the liquid-crystal molecular orientation within the variable-grating-mode liquid-crystal device have been determined as a function of the applied voltage across the cell by measurement of the polarization properties of light diffracted by the liquid-crystal birefringent phase grating.
Some comments on performance requirements for DMTI radar

In recent years, a new class of Moving Target Indicator (MTI) radars has emerged, namely those whose mission included detecting moving people, or “dismounts.” This new mode is frequently termed Dismount-MTI, or DMTI. Obviously, detecting people is a harder problem than detecting moving vehicles, necessitating different specifications for performance and hardware quality. Herein we discuss some performance requirements typical of successful DMTI radar modes and systems.
Quantitative Photochemistry and Mechanisms for a Series of Rhodium Dicarbonyl Derivatives

A comparison of the electronic properties and photochemical reactivity efficiencies for a series of rhodium dicarbonyl complexes with the general formula XRh(CO)2, where X = Cp (η5-C5H5), Cp‘ (η5-C5H4Me), Cp‘ ‘ (η5-C5HMe4), Cp* (η5-C5Me5), ind (η5-C9H7), and acac (C5H7O2), has been achieved. The photochemical reactions of these molecules have been studied under a variety of experimental conditions, where binucleation, intermolecular Si−H and C−H bond activation, and ligand substitution processes occur. Modifications of the unique ligand in this system enable the photoefficiency of the CO dissociation reaction to be substantially changed. The absolute reaction quantum efficiencies (φcr) are markedly different and strongly wavelength dependent for each of the molecules studied. The values of φcr decrease in the order CpRh(CO)2 > Cp‘Rh(CO)2 > Cp*Rh(CO)2 ≫ (acac)Rh(CO)2 > (ind)Rh(CO)2 and vary by over 3 orders of magnitude depending on the complex chosen and the excitation wavelength employed. The results obt...
Evaluation of Cone Penetration Test-Based Settlement Prediction Methods for Shallow Foundations on Cohesionless Soils at Highway Bridge Construction Sites

The cone penetration test (CPT) method is gaining popularity in the United States as one of the premier subsurface exploration techniques. The writers previously monitored settlement behavior of spread footing foundations at five highway bridge construction sites in Ohio and evaluated the standard penetration test-based settlement prediction methods in light of the field performance data. The authors recently conducted CPT sounding at these bridge sites. In this paper, settlement behavior of five spread footings resting on cohesionless soils at two sites were predicted with the CPT-based settlement prediction methods proposed by Amar, DeBeer, Meyerhof, and Schmertmann. The results showed that the prediction methods by Schmertmann and DeBeer were both conservative but reasonably reliable in predicting the settlement of shallow foundations observed in the field.
High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Quantifies Oculomotor Nerve (CN3) Size in Congenital Neuropathic Strabismus

Oculomotor Nerve (CN3) Size in Congenital Neuropathic Strabismus Key Hwan Lim, Elizabeth C. Engle, Joseph L. Demer; Jules Stein Eye Institute, and Department of Neurology, David Geffen Medical School, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; Children’s Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Introduction: High-resolution MRI can now directly demonstrate innervation to extraocular muscles and quantify optic nerve size. We developed a quantitative MRI technique to study CN3 and applied it to congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles (CFEOM), congenital oculomotor palsy, and Duanes retraction syndrome (DRS). Methods: Oculomotor nerves were imaged at the brainstem using a 1.5-T scanner and conventional head coils, acquiring heavily T2-weighted oblique axial MRI planes 1 mm thick parallel to the optic chiasm. We investigated 13 normal subjects, 10 subjects with DRS, 7 with CFEOM, and 3 with congenital CN3 palsy. Digital image analysis was used to measure CN3 diameter, which was correlated with motility findings. Results: CN3 was bilaterally hypoplastic in five patients with CFEOM. Mean ( SD) CN3 diameter in CFEOM was 1.11 0.79 mm, significantly smaller than normal diameter of 2.01 0.36 mm (P 0.05). CN3 size variably correlated with clinical function. Mean CN3 diameter in congenital CN3 palsy was subnormal at 1.28 0.46 mm. One patient with DRS showed unilateral CN3 hypoplasia. Mean CN3 diameter in DRS was 1.78 0.52 mm, slightly but not significantly subnormal. Conclusion: CN3 hypoplasia is quantitatively demonstrable using conventional MRI equipment in several forms of congenital neuropathic strabismus, including CFEOM and oculomotor palsy, and occasionally occurs in DRS. Quantitative, high-resolution MRI might be useful to clarify mechanisms of strabismus in clinically uncertain cases. Reference: Karim S, et al. Demonstration of systematic variation in human intraorbital optic nerve size by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and histology. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004;45;1047-51.
Light sensitivity as related to age and sex.

IN ORDER TO PROVIDE NORMATIVE DATA ON LIGHT SENSITIVITY AS A FUNCTION OF AGE AND SEX, SOME 17,500 SS, AGES 16 TO 92, WERE TESTED FOR BOTH FORM RECOGNITION ABILITY AND GLARE RECOVERY TIME UNDER SCOTOPIC LEVELS OF ILLUMINATION. THE RESULTS SHOW: (1) A PROGRESSIVE DETERIORATION OF PERFORMANCE ON BOTH TESTS WITH INCREASING AGE, (2) A VERY LOW CORRELTION BETWEEN FORM RECOGNITION ABILITY AND GLARE RECOVERY TIME, AND (3) NO CONSISTENT DIFFERENCE IN PERFORMANCE BETWEEN MALES AND FEMALES. POSSIBLE EXPLANATIONS FOR THESE FINDINGS ARE PRESENTED. /SRIS/
Disruptive behavior disorders and the avoidance of responsibility

Abstract We investigated the association between ‘Avoidance of Responsibility’ and Disruptive Behavior Disorder symptoms (Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder) in a sample of college students. Each subject's Disruptive Behavior Disorder symptomatology was determined using a self-report symptom checklist. In addition, subjects completed the Avoidance of Responsibility Scale which assesses the different strategies individuals utilize to avoid responsibility for their inappropriate behaviors. Results indicated that the subjects with relatively more Disruptive Behavior Disorder symptoms scored significantly higher on the Avoidance of Responsibility Scale compared to those with relatively few symptoms. It was also found that four specific responsibility avoiding strategies accounted for 24% of the variance in Disruptive Behavior Disorder symptoms: having an immoral attitude (e.g. lying); attributing inappropriate behavior to past victimization; showing no remorse for inappropriate behavior; and claiming ignorance about the impact of the inappropriate behavior. Implications for the treatment and prevention of Disruptive Behavior Disorders are discussed.
Scanning electrochemical microscopy and video microscopy investigations of Tiron-mediated polypyrrole nucleation on AA2024-T3

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and video microscopy have been used to examine the mediated electrodeposition of polypyrrole on AA2024-T3. Of particular interest is the role of surface heterogeneity (namely, copper-rich secondary phase particles) on electrodeposition mediated by 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzenedisulfonic acid (Tiron). SECM shows that polymer nucleation occurs exclusively on the aluminum matrix of the alloy. Video microscopy shows this to be true on a model alloy (a pure Al substrate with an embedded Cu wire) as well, and also suggests that polymer growth is directional toward the copper-rich sites in the absence of sulfate in the deposition solution. A model is presented in which polymer deposition on the copper-rich sites is inhibited either by CuSO4-induced passivation or by the loss of mediator due to Cu–Tiron complex formation.
THE AMNESIC SYNDROME OF POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY OCCLUSION

Ten patients who suffered an acute onset of amnesia associated with either unilateral or bilateral visual field defects are described. Clinical evaluation pointed to infarction in the posterior cerebral artery territory in each case. The posterior cerebral artery supplies medial temporal structures (including hippocampus), and infarction in this region is presumably responsible for the amnesia. Amnesia occurring as a symptom of a stroke was thus strongly linked to posterior cerebral artery occlusion. Amnesia is usually said to require bilateral lesions but four cases in the present series appeared to have unilateral (left-sided) occlusion. There are several reports in the literature of amnesia following either left posterior cerebral artery occlusion or left temporal lobectomy. The question of unilateral vs. bilateral damage in the genesis of amnesic states is discussed in relation to this left-sided preponderance and in the context of the common origin of both posterior cerebral arteries. From present evidence it is concluded that lesions confined to the left side may cause temporary amnesia, but that the evidence for permanent amnesia is inconclusive.
Intravenous Ketamine in a Dissociating Dose as a Temporizing Measure to Avoid Mechanical Ventilation in Adult Patient with Severe Asthma Exacerbation

Abstract Background: Patients experiencing severe asthma exacerbations occasionally deteriorate to respiratory failure requiring endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Mechanical ventilation in this setting exposes the patients to substantial iatrogenic risk and should be avoided if at all possible. Objectives: To describe the use of intravenous ketamine in acute asthma exacerbation. Case Report: We present a case of severe asthma exacerbation in an adult female patient who failed to improve with standard therapies, but promptly improved with the administration of intravenous ketamine (0.75 mg/kg i.v. bolus followed by continuous drip of 0.15 mg/kg/h). Summary: This case suggests that intravenous ketamine given in a dissociative dose may be an effective temporizing measure to avoid mechanical ventilation in adult patients with severe asthma exacerbations.
Blood-flow magnetic resonance imaging of the retina

This study describes a novel MRI application to image basal blood flow, physiologically induced blood-flow changes, and the effects of isoflurane concentration on blood flow in the retina. Continuous arterial-spin-labeling technique with a separate neck coil for spin labeling was used to image blood flow of the rat retina at 90 x 90 x 1500-microm resolution. The average blood flow of the whole retina was 6.3+/-1.0 ml/g/min under 1% isoflurane, consistent with the high blood flow in the retina reported using other techniques. Blood flow is relatively constant along the length of the retina, except it dipped slightly around the optic nerve head and dropped significantly at the distal edges where the retina terminates. Hyperoxia (100% O(2)) decreased blood flow 25+/-6% relative to baseline (air) due to vasoconstriction. Hypercapnia (5% CO(2)+21% O(2)) increased blood flow 16+/-6% due to vasodilation. Increasing isoflurane (a potent vasodilator) concentration to 1.5% increased blood flow to 9.3+/-2.7 ml/g/min. Blood-flow signals were confirmed to be genuine by repeating measurements after the animals were sacrificed in the MRI scanner. This study demonstrates a proof of concept that quantitative blood flow of the retina can be measured using MRI without depth limitation. Blood-flow MRI has the potential to provide unique insights into retinal physiology, serve as an early biomarker for some retinal diseases, and could complement optically based imaging techniques.
Characterization of decidual leukocyte populations in cynomolgus and vervet monkeys

The objective of this study was the phenotypic and functional evaluation of decidual immune cells in the cynomolgus and vervet monkeys. Early pregnancy (days 36-42) deciduas were obtained by fetectomy for histological evaluation and decidual mononuclear leukocyte (MNL) isolation. While peripheral NK (pNK) cells in these species do not express CD56, CD56(+) NK cells were abundant in decidual samples. The majority of decidual NK (dNK) cells (>80%) had high light-scatter characteristics and were CD56(bright)CD16(+) cells with no or very low levels of natural cytotoxicity receptors (NKp46, NKp30) and NKG2A, while a minor population were small CD56(dim)CD16(-) lymphocytes also expressing less NKp46, NKp30 and NKG2A than pNK cells. All dNK cells were found to be perforin(+); however, their cytotoxic potential was low and cynomolgus dNK cells showed strongly reduced cytotoxicity against target cells compared with pNK cells. Macrophages and T cells together comprised approximately 25-30% of decidual MNL. Decidual T cells contained a higher proportion of the minor T cell subtypes (gammadeltaT cells, CD56(+) T cells) compared with peripheral blood. A subset of DC-SIGN(+) macrophages, with a distribution adjacent to areas of placental attachment in contrast to the widespread setting of general CD68(+) cells, was identified in both species. Together, these results demonstrate that the maternal-fetal interface in both cynomolgus and vervet monkeys is very rich in immune cells that have similar phenotypes to those seen in humans, indicating that both species are excellent models to study the contributions of distinct immune cell populations to pregnancy support.
The derivation of vector potential from tables for scalar potential

IN ELECTROMAGNETIC theory two quantities, scalar potential V and vector potential A, are commonly used and from them the electric and magnetic fields can be derived. The author recently published tables of Green's Functions1 for the solution of partial differential equations in rectangular co-ordinates. The Green's Functions as given in those tables only include scalar potentials. However, in dealing with problems involving fields due to currents or permanent magnets vector potentials are used. These also can be derived from the tables of Green's Functions when required. Since this was not included in the tables on account of their length, it will be covered here.
Bioreversible phosphate protective groups: Synthesis and stability of model acyloxymethyl phosphates

Abstract Six bis(acyloxymethyl) esters of phenyl phosphate and benzyl phosphate and three acyloxymethylbenzylphenyl phosphates were prepared. Debenzylation of benzyl analogs gave respective free acids which were isolated as cyclohexylammonium salts. Stability of bis(acyloxymethyl)phenyl phosphates were studied in various aqueous buffers, hog liver esterase, and mice plasma.
Design, Optimization and Characterization of Secondary Optics for a Dish-Based 1000x HCPV System

This paper presents a novel design of a solar secondary optics used in a dish-based HCPV system at 1000x. Different optimizations were conducted as well as experiments to determine its optimum configuration.
The connected Ramsey number

A graph G is totally connected if both G and G? (its complement) are connected. The connected Ramsey number rc(F, H) is the smallest integer k ? 4 so that if G is a totally connected graph of order k then either F ? G or H ? G?. We show that if neither of F nor H contains a bridge, then rc = r(F, H), the usual generalized Ramsey number of F and H. We compute rc (PmPm), the connected Ramsey number for paths.
Do union organizing activities affect decertification

This paper tests the hypothesis that unions face a trade-off between retaining organized units and organizing new bargaining units. Using cost-benefit analysis, a model is developed which examines the impact of representation elections on the level of decertification activity for the period 1948 to 1979. The results indicate that as unions increase their efforts to organize more employees, they trade-off a loss of membership through decertification. The shift of resources from servicing existing units to organizing new units causes a sufficient change in the benefit/cost ratio for employees to result in loss of union certification.
Dynamic Analysis of Hybrid Cooling Data Centers Subjects to the Failure of CRAC Units

Thermal management of high power data centers poses challenges due to the high operational cost which is made worse due to the many inefficiencies that arise in them. Additional challenges arise due to the dynamic behaviors that occur during normal operation, and also during emergencies such as power outages or failure of some or all of the cooling equipment. Water and hybrid air plus water cooled data centers are an alternate cooling solution combining liquid cooling systems, such as rear door heat exchangers located within the racks themselves, in addition to the traditional raised floor cold aisle air cooling system. Such a solution may be used when some of the equipment in a data center is upgraded to higher end and higher power equipment which may not be manageable with the existing air cooling system. For a data center with a hybrid cooling system, the cold air supply and the cold water supply should increase in case of an emergency, such as a CRAC (Computer Room Air Conditioner) units’ failure. In this paper, a detailed computational study is conducted to investigate the dynamic response of the impact of a CRAC failure on both water side and air side in a representative hybrid cooling room. The room studied is an air cooled data center using the common cold aisle approach, with rear door heat exchangers installed on all of the racks. CRAC failure is investigated in a hybrid cooling room. The variation and fluctuation in an average rack inlet temperature, and inlet temperatures at different detail locations are presented in plots, showing the dynamic performance of a hybrid cooling data center subjected to the different CRAC failure scenarios. Different response time studies are also presented in this paper.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Generalized Drinfel'd-Sokolov hierarchies

A general approach is adopted to the construction of integrable hierarchies of partial differential equations. A series of hierarchies associated to untwisted Kac-Moody algebras, and conjugacy classes of the Weyl group of the underlying finite Lie algebra, is obtained. The generalized KdV hierarchies of V.G. Drinfel'd and V.V. Sokolov are obtained as the special case for the Coxeter element. Various examples of the general formalism are treated in some detail; including the fractional KdV hierarchies.