cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiple Product Factory Models

Most manufacturing facilities are setup to produce more than a single product. Even in the case of single product facilities, if the product visits a workstation more than once with different processing times at each visit, then the workstation sees the equivalent of multiple products. Such revisiting production schemes, called reentrant flow systems, are prevalent in the semiconductor industry where it is not unusual for a product to be routed to the same machine group for distinct processing 20 or more times.
Impact of oil and gas drilling in Trinidad: factors influencing environmental attitudes and behaviours within three rural wetland communities.

Oil and gas development generates socio-ecological consequences for coastal ecosystems. Within the Caribbean region, rural communities depend heavily on wetland resources, however attitudes and beliefs of these communities regarding the impacts of oil and gas drilling are ambiguous. This paper assesses factors influencing attitudes and behaviours among rural communities of the Nariva Swamp (Trinidad) toward oil development. Interviews and structured questionnaires indicated varying levels of beliefs, concerns and behaviours based on distance of the village from the swamp, gender and type of livelihood the respondent engaged in. Villagers who lived in closer proximity to the swamp demonstrated the greatest health and environmental concerns, pro-environmental beliefs and behaviours, probably due to their greater dependence on the resource for livelihoods. Females illustrated a higher affinity for altruistic and egoistic concerns, while males, engaged in outdoor employment and recreational opportunities, demonstrated greater biospheric concerns and environmental behaviours. Given their intimacy with the natural environment, farmers engaged in environmental behaviours to a greater extent than other groups within the villages. The varying levels of beliefs, concerns and behaviours among villagers toward drilling should be given full consideration by public officials, industrial managers and other decision makers when addressing resource management.
High Efficiency Space-Based Software Radio Architectures: A Minimum Size, Weight, and Power TeraOps Processor

Los Alamos has recently completed the latest in a series of Reconfigurable Software Radios, which incorporates several key innovations in both hardware design and algorithms. Due to our focus on satellite applications, each design must extract the best size, weight, and power performance possible from the ensemble of Commodity Off-the-Shelf (COTS) parts available at the time of design. In this case we have achieved 1 TeraOps/second signal processing on a 1920 Megabit/second datastream, while using only 53 Watts mains power, 5.5 kg, and 3 liters. This processing capability enables very advanced algorithms such as our wideband RF compression scheme to operate remotely, allowing network bandwidth constrained applications to deliver previously unattainable performance.
Versatile modes of peptide recognition by the ClpX N domain mediate alternative adaptor-binding specificities in different bacterial species

ClpXP, an AAA+ protease, plays key roles in protein-quality control and many regulatory processes in bacteria. The N-terminal domain of the ClpX component of ClpXP is involved in recognition of many protein substrates, either directly or by binding the SspB adaptor protein, which delivers specific classes of substrates for degradation. Despite very limited sequence homology between the E. coli and C. crescentus SspB orthologs, each of these adaptors can deliver substrates to the ClpXP enzyme from the other bacterial species. We show that the ClpX N domain recognizes different sequence determinants in the ClpX-binding (XB) peptides of C. crescentus SspBα and E. coli SspB. The C. crescentus XB determinants span 10 residues and involve interactions with multiple side chains, whereas the E. coli XB determinants span half as many residues with only a few important side chain contacts. These results demonstrate that the N domain of ClpX functions as a highly versatile platform for peptide recognition, allowing the emergence during evolution of alternative adaptor-binding specificities. Our results also reveal highly conserved residues in the XB peptides of both E. coli SspB and C. crescentus SspBα that play no detectable role in ClpX-binding or substrate delivery.
Academic and Behavioral Reactions of Children with Disabilities to the Loss of a Firefighter Father: The New York City World Trade Center Attack 9/11/01

This five year comparative case study explores how children with disabilities responded to the loss of their firefighter father in the World Trade Center attack. Preliminary findings presented will be useful for teachers and researchers interested in designing appropriate interventions for children traumatized by the death of a parent.
Matching phylogeny and metabolism in the uncultured marine bacteria, one cell at a time

The identification of predominant microbial taxa with specific metabolic capabilities remains one the biggest challenges in environmental microbiology, because of the limits of current metagenomic and cell culturing methods. We report results from the direct analysis of multiple genes in individual marine bacteria cells, demonstrating the potential for high-throughput metabolic assignment of yet-uncultured taxa. The protocol uses high-speed fluorescence-activated cell sorting, whole-genome multiple displacement amplification (MDA), and subsequent PCR screening. A pilot library of 11 single amplified genomes (SAGs) was constructed from Gulf of Maine bacterioplankton as proof of concept. The library consisted of five flavobacteria, one sphingobacterium, four alphaproteobacteria, and one gammaproteobacterium. Most of the SAGs, apart from alphaproteobacteria, were phylogenetically distant from existing isolates, with 88–97% identity in the 16S rRNA gene sequence. Thus, single-cell MDA provided access to the genomic material of numerically dominant but yet-uncultured taxonomic groups. Two of five flavobacteria in the SAG library contained proteorhodopsin genes, suggesting that flavobacteria are among the major carriers of this photometabolic system. The pufM and nasA genes were detected in some 100-cell MDA products but not in SAGs, demonstrating that organisms containing bacteriochlorophyll and assimilative nitrate reductase constituted <1% of the sampled bacterioplankton. Compared with metagenomics, the power of our approach lies in the ability to detect metabolic genes in uncultured microorganisms directly, even when the metabolic and phylogenetic markers are located far apart on the chromosome.
Optimizing treatment with Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors in Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia: Focus on dosing schedules

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph), a genetic aberration that codes for bcrabl, which plays a key role in disease pathophysiology. The first oral inhibitor of Brc-Abl was imatinib, which also targets KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor kinase and has demonstrated improved outcomes when compared with interferon, the previous standard of care. Imatinib resistance and intolerance have been an issue for patients, and as a result, new therapeutic approaches have been evaluated. Dose-escalated imatinib (800 mg daily) has shown some limited activity in patients with imatinib-resistant CML, but the development of second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors has broadened the treatment options. Dasatinib is also an oral kinase inhibitor, but it has increased potency for Brc-Abl compared with imatinib. Dasatinib has demonstrated activity in all phases of CML and Ph+ acute lymphocytic leukemia and is approved for the treatment of adults in this setting. Recent phase III data have demonstrated that, in patients with chronic-phase CML, dasatinib 100 mg once daily is equally effective, with improved tolerability, compared with the previously approved 70-mg twice-daily dose. Nilotinib, which has been recently approved, has increased potency for Brc-Abl compared with imatinib and has demonstrated activity in patients with imatinib-resistant and -intolerant chronic- and accelerated-phase CML. As experience with these agents continues to mature, we might optimize the treatment efficacy and safety profiles by altering dose regimens.
A cross-chiral RNA polymerase ribozyme.

Here, a cross-chiral RNA polymerase is developed—an RNA enzyme that can catalyse the templated polymerization of activated mononucleotides that are of the opposite handedness—shedding light on how RNA-based life could have emerged. It is widely assumed that homochirality is a requirement for life and that biological macromolecules must be of the same stereochemical 'handedness' to interact efficiently. Working with Leslie Orgel and others, Gerald Joyce extended this idea in 1984 to suggest that homochirality may also be essential for the origins of life, as templated polymerization of RNA occurs readily in a homochiral system but is impaired in racemic mixtures. Now Joyce and co-author Jonathan Sczepanski show that RNAs of opposing chirality can work together. They devised a D-RNA enzyme that catalyses the polymerization of L-RNA on a L-RNA template — and vice versa. The catalytic potency of this ribozyme is sufficient for it to synthesize its own enantiomer by joining 11 component oligonucleotides. The ribozyme is thought to interact with its substrates via tertiary contacts rather than Watson–Crick base pairing. This unexpected finding will add a new dimension to thoughts on how life could have emerged in an 'RNA world'. Thirty years ago it was shown that the non-enzymatic, template-directed polymerization of activated mononucleotides proceeds readily in a homochiral system, but is severely inhibited by the presence of the opposing enantiomer1. This finding poses a severe challenge for the spontaneous emergence of RNA-based life, and has led to the suggestion that either RNA was preceded by some other genetic polymer that is not subject to chiral inhibition2 or chiral symmetry was broken through chemical processes before the origin of RNA-based life3,4. Once an RNA enzyme arose that could catalyse the polymerization of RNA, it would have been possible to distinguish among the two enantiomers, enabling RNA replication and RNA-based evolution to occur. It is commonly thought that the earliest RNA polymerase and its substrates would have been of the same handedness, but this is not necessarily the case. Replicating d- and l-RNA molecules may have emerged together, based on the ability of structured RNAs of one handedness to catalyse the templated polymerization of activated mononucleotides of the opposite handedness. Here we develop such a cross-chiral RNA polymerase, using in vitro evolution starting from a population of random-sequence RNAs. The d-RNA enzyme, consisting of 83 nucleotides, catalyses the joining of l-mono- or oligonucleotide substrates on a complementary l-RNA template, and similar behaviour occurs for the l-enzyme with d-substrates and a d-template. Chiral inhibition is avoided because the 106-fold rate acceleration of the enzyme only pertains to cross-chiral substrates. The enzyme’s activity is sufficient to generate full-length copies of its enantiomer through the templated joining of 11 component oligonucleotides.
Greening the curriculum. American Chemical Society education programs

The American Chemical Society (ACS) Education and International Activities Division is currently working with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to produce a series of green chemistry educational materials. To date, products include a searchable, online annotated bibliography of green chemistry references; a collection of cases describing real-world green chemistry solutions; and a Web site for green chemistry materials and infor- mation. Various workshops, short courses, and symposia have been provided to share the green chemistry story. Two planning conferences of green chemistry experts have been held to provide direction to the project. In addition to an overview of the above products and serv- ices, the project goals and future plans will be described, and the ways in which green chem- istry concepts are being integrated across the ACS educational programs in general.
Endmember detection using the Dirichlet process

An endmember detection algorithm for hyperspectral imagery using the Dirichlet process to determine the number of endmembers in a hyperspectral image is described. This algorithm provides an estimate of endmember spectra, proportion maps, and the number of endmembers needed for a scene. Updates to the proportion vector for a pixel are sampled using the Dirichlet process. As opposed to previous methods that prune unnecessary endmembers, the proposed algorithm is initialized with one endmember and new endmembers are added through sampling as needed. Results are shown on a two-dimensional dataset and a simulated dataset using endmembers selected from an AVIRIS hyperspectral image.
Socialization and hegemonic power

Hegemons exercise power in the international system not only by manipulating material incentives but also by altering the substantive beliefs of elites in other nations. Socialization—the process through which leaders in these secondary states embrace a set of normative ideals articulated by the hegemon—plays an important role both in establishing an international order and in facilitating the functioning of that order. This article develops the notion of socialization in the international system and examines three hypotheses about the conditions under which it occurs and can function effectively as a source of power. The first hypothesis is that socialization occurs primarily after wars and political crises, periods marked by international turmoil and restructuring as well as by the fragmentation of ruling coalitions and legitimacy crises at the domestic level. The second is that elite (as opposed to mass) receptivity to the norms articulated by the hegemon is essential to the socialization process. The third hypothesis is that when socialization does occur, it comes about primarily in the wake of the coercive exercise of power. Material inducement triggers the socialization process, but socialization nevertheless leads to outcomes that are not explicable simply in terms of the manipulation of material incentives. These hypotheses are explored in the historical case studies of U.S. diplomacy after World Wars I and II and the British colonial experience in India and Egypt.
A Study of the Relationship between Personality and Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders

Personality theory states that people perceive and react to life events differently. Situations stressful to some, due to their personality type, may be appealing to others. The goal of this research was to study if physical laborers whose personalities were better matched with the nature of their work exhibited less psychosocial strain and injury risk than those more of a mismatched. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator was used to assess the personality of 182 employees, who also answered questions about their work history, psychosocial environment, and work place. The job's physical demands also were recorded. Results indicated that interactions existed between employees' personalities, their responses to several psychosocial measures, and the job's physical requirements. Employees whose personalities were more mismatched with their work environment often exhibited higher psychosocial strain. These results provide an initial indication that use of personality theory can help us better understand the pathway...
Diabetes training of Community Health Workers Serving Native Hawaiians and pacific people

Purpose Training of community health workers (CHWs) serving Native Hawaiian and Pacific People about diabetes prevention, control, and management was identified as a priority in a needs assessment of health agencies in Hawai`i.Methods Principles from Community-Based Participatory Research provided a framework to develop and implement a 4-hour training curriculum. The curriculum developers incorporated teaching strategies shown to be effective with this population and included culturally relevant material. Nineteen health organizations participated in the training that reached 111 CHWs over a 3-year period.Results Based on comparison of pre- and post-diabetes knowledge test results, the training participants showed significant gain in diabetes knowledge.Conclusions A culturally tailored diabetes education gives CHWs the relevant knowledge and tools to participate in the delivery of diabetes education to a minority group experiencing disparate health outcomes. A community-based method facilitated developmen...
Severe Hemolytic Anemia Associated With Vitamin E Deficiency in Infants With Cystic Fibrosis Implications for Neonatal Screening

Three infants are described with cystic fibrosis (CF) and malnutrition leading to severe anemia beginning as early as 6 weeks of age. Laboratory studies demonstrated high reticulocyte counts, negative Coombs' tests, abnormal peroxide hemolysis test results, and biochemical evidence of vitamin E deficiency. Oral administration of α-tocopherol resulted in rapid correction of the in vitro hemolysis and improvement of in vivo hematologic indices. Investigation of these patients supports the conclusion that the hemolytic anemia of infancy in CF is caused by vitamin E deficiency and should be treated promptly with 50 IU/day of vitamin E. Because two of the three patients were identified in a CF screening/surveillance program, we can estimate that the frequency of clinically significant anemia in CF infants is 4%. Our observations demonstrate a potential advantage of CF neonatal screening for individual patients susceptible to vitamin E-deficient hemolytic anemia and suggest that confirmatory follow-up diagnosti...
Synthesis of Crystalline ZnO Nanosheets on Graphene and Other Substrates at Ambient Conditions

We report on the fabrication of ZnO nanosheets on Graphene and other substrates at ambient conditions. The growth mechanism and the effect of the substrate are also discussed. Our synthesis method is based on sonochemical reaction of Zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine in aqueous solutions. Extensive analysis by transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed crystalline ZnO composition of the ZnO nanosheets. The proposed method is a rapid, inexpensive, low-temperature, catalystfree, CMOS compatible and environmentally benign alternative to existing growth techniques.
Network Effects and Social Inequality

Students of social inequality have noted the presence of mechanisms militating toward cumulative advantage and increasing inequality. Social scientists have established that individuals' choices are influenced by those of their network peers in many social domains. We suggest that the ubiquity of network effects and tendencies toward cumulative advantage are related. Inequality is exacerbated when effects of individual differences are multiplied by social networks: when persons must decide whether to adopt beneficial practices; when network externalities, social learning, or normative pressures influence adoption decisions; and when networks are homophilous with respect to individual characteristics that predict such decisions. We review evidence from literatures on network effects on technology, labor markets, education, demography, and health; identify several mechanisms through which networks may generate higher levels of inequality than one would expect based on differences in initial endowments alone...
Performance evaluation of PN spread QPSK satellite systems with cochannel interference

The effect of a bandpass limiter in code-division multiple-access (CDMA) quadrature-phase-shift-keying (QPSK) satellite spread-spectrum communication systems is investigated. The case of a cochannel interferer on the uplink and downlink is analyzed in detail. The nonlinear characteristics of the bandpass limited result in the generation of intermodulation products which become narrowband signals after the despreading process in the receiver. These intermodulation products and the cochannel interference affect system performance. The symbol error rate of the system is calculated as a function of the signal-to-noise and signal-to-interference ratios. The assumptions made in deriving the theoretical performance of the system have been checked by simulating the entire system using the block oriented systems simulator (BOSS) software package. The results of the simulation show good agreement with the theoretical calculations within 1 to 2 dB in SNR. >
“Students are Once Again ‘Numbers’ Instead of Actual Human Beings”: Teacher Performance Assessment and The Governing of Curriculum and Teacher Education.

This paper will examine the educational experiences of teacher candidates and the use of teacher performance assessment (edTPA) to measure their quality, competence, and impact. It will situate edTPA within the national, politically-charged debate between the defenders and reformers of teacher education who advocate for the professionalization versus deregulation of the field, respectively. Their positions converge, however, in the collective belief and reliance on testing to measure educational inputs and outputs. Even the defenders are caught in a reactive stance to show through testing data the value and relevance of teacher preparation. The paper will also investigate the perspectives on edTPA of teacher candidates at a medium-sized, public university in the US Midwest. Using a survey of candidates who completed edTPA during the 2014-15 academic year, it will highlight candidate resistance to edTPA, even though they have been disciplined and immersed in a culture of testing throughout their K-12 and university education. Their resistance foregrounds three themes: (a) time and stress; (b) outsourcing of teacher evaluation; and (c) contradictions between curriculum and assessment in teacher education. Moreover, it will mobilize Michel Foucault’s concepts of governmentality and critique to analyze the ruling logic and practices in education and the candidates’ resistance under difficult conditions.
Blunt aortic injury

Blunt aortic injury management has changed radically over the last 20 years due to the widespread use of computed tomography angiography and endovascular stent therapy. Optimal treatment includes antihypertensive therapy, β-blockade and endovascular repair. Delayed repair may be beneficial.
The Limitations of Economic Reasoning in Analyzing Duress

My colleagues and friends, Mark Seidenfeld and Murat Mungan, have made an interesting attempt to reduce the doctrine of duress in contract law to an inquiry about “rentseeking,” by which they mean attempts to redistribute rather than to produce wealth. There is much truth in their argument, and they are admirably sensitive to many factors that should be, and are, important in contract-modification cases. I do not think they have shown, however, that duress can workably be reduced to a simple formulation in the way they intend — or that even if it could, it would serve the functional or even simply the instrumental goals of contract law to do so.
The medium amplitude oscillatory shear of semidilute colloidal dispersions. Part II: Third harmonic stress contribution

In Paper I [J. W. Swan et al., J. Rheol. 58, 307–338 (2014)], we derived an exact theoretical description of medium amplitude oscillatory shear for a semidilute colloidal dispersion. Through solution of the Smoluchowski equation governing the spatial distribution of suspended particles in the semidilute limit, we calculated the stresses that arise from an oscillatory linear flow as an expansion in powers of the rate of deformation. Here, this is extended to calculation of the first departures from linearity in the first and third harmonics of the suspension stress driven by oscillatory deformation. The role of hydrodynamic interactions is investigated via the excluded-annulus model in which particles are given an impenetrable core with a radius larger than their hydrodynamic radius. The ratio of these length scales controls the strength of hydrodynamic interactions. The third harmonic of the suspension stress is predicted to be dominated by hydrodynamic stresses at high frequency, a result that is shown t...
PAF increases hepatic vascular resistance and glycogenolysis in vivo

Administration of platelet-activating factor (PAF) to portal venous circulation of anesthetized fed rats produced decreases in mean arterial pressure and increases in hepatic portal pressure and blood glucose concentration. These responses to PAF were dose dependent with ED50 values of 0.02-0.05 micrograms/kg and specific as lyso- and enantio-PAF did not reproduce effects of PAF. Specific PAF receptor antagonist SRI 63-675 (75 micrograms/kg) inhibited significantly these PAF (0.1 micrograms/kg)-induced responses in rats. Administration of prazosin (500 micrograms/kg) and propranolol (400 micrograms/kg) to rats abolished phenylephrine (50 micrograms/kg)-induced increases in mean arterial pressure, hepatic portal pressure, and blood glucose concentration but did not prevent PAF (1 microgram/kg)-induced alterations in these parameters. Glycogen phosphorylase alpha levels were increased significantly in livers of rats after administration of PAF (1 microgram/kg) or phenylephrine (50 micrograms/kg). Administration of prazosin and propranolol to rats inhibited phenylephrine- but not PAF-induced activation of hepatic glycogen phosphorylase. Hepatic adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) concentration was increased slightly by PAF, but these increases were eliminated by adrenergic blockade, suggesting that activation of hepatic glycogen phosphorylase by PAF is not dependent on increases in cAMP. Increases in hepatic portal pressure and blood glucose concentration in response to PAF (0.1 micrograms/kg) were not attenuated in adrenalectomized rats. Moreover, PAF (0.1 micrograms/kg) stimulated increases in hepatic portal pressure after administration of the ganglionic blocking agent chlorisondamine (2.5 mg/kg) to adrenalectomized rats. Administration of PAF (0.05 micrograms/kg) to rats instrumented with pulse Doppler flow probes produced decreases in hepatic arterial and portal vein blood flow and increases in hepatic arterial and portal vascular resistance. These observations provide direct evidence that PAF regulates hepatic hemodynamics and glycogenolysis in vivo. It is suggested that PAF plays an important role in regulating hepatic blood flow and supplying extrahepatic tissues with energy substrates by sympathetic-independent mechanism(s) after its release in acute pathophysiological situations.
Schleiermacher's Repudiation of Dordrecht in his Essay ‘On the Doctrine of Election’

Friedrich Schleiermacher intended his essay ‘On the Doctrine of Election’ to defend the Augustinian/Calvinian logic of the Reformed doctrine of unconditional election. Counterintuitively he repudiated the Synod of Dordrecht which similarly defended unconditional election for reasons both political/ecclesiastical and theological. Politically he wanted to protect the newly united Reformed-Lutheran Church in Prussia and the Synod had ended up dividing the Reformed churches over the doctrine of election. Theologically Schleiermacher sought a revised doctrine of election to eliminate any bifurcation between the blessed and the damned in God's decree and to elide completely the notion of eternal punishment in hell.
FISCAL CONSTRAINTS AND ELECTORAL MANIPULATION IN AMERICAN SOCIAL WELFARE

A merican social welfare policy involves a politically significant fiscal interaction between short-run, pay-as-you-go constraints and long-run equilibrium constraints motivated by the contributory principle and the concept of actuarial soundness. The fiscal constraints induce conflict between benefit recipients and payroll-tax-payers. To support small election-year reductions in payroll taxes, means-tested program benefits are slightly reduced in election years (compared to non-election-year levels under similar economic conditions). The existence of the constraints and of the election-year changes is tested using a multivariate time series regression model of monthly transfer payments and contributions for social insurance during years 1948-87. Short-run dynamics arefound to be weakly incrementalist, but otherwise the results support the argument. Extraordinary manipulations are identified during 1972. Special technical features of the econometric analysis are a nonlinear, dynamic specification; robust generalized method of moments estimation; and near cointegration.
Airborne Aldehyde Abatement by Latex Coatings Containing Amine-Functionalized Porous Silicas

Amine-functionalized porous silicas (aminosilicas) are incorporated into latex coatings, and the airborne aldehyde abatement abilities of the dried applied films are examined. The aminosilicas in the resulting dried films are uniformly dispersed inside the latex component, and they are demonstrated to be effective adsorbents for airborne aldehydes. The latex component does not hinder the adsorption capacities of the aminosilicas, with the adsorbed amounts being similar to those of the original aminosilica powders before incorporation into the latex. However, the adsorption rates are slowed after incorporation of the aminosilicas into the films, relative to that of the powder samples. Overall, the aminosilica-incorporated latex films are demonstrated to be effective aldehyde-abating materials.
Modeling, Validation, and Control of Electronically Actuated Pitman Arm Steering for Armored Vehicle

In this study, 2 DOF mathematical models of Pitman arm steering system are derived using Newton’s law of motion and modeled in MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The developed steering model is included with a DC motor model which is directly attached to the steering column. The Pitman arm steering model is then validated with actual Pitman arm steering test rig using various lateral inputs such as double lane change, step steer, and slalom test. Meanwhile, a position tracking control method has been used in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the validated model to be implemented in active safety system of a heavy vehicle. The similar method has been used to test the actual Pitman arm steering mechanism using hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) technique. Additional friction compensation is added in the HILS technique in order to minimize the frictional effects that occur in the mechanical configuration of the DC motor and Pitman arm steering. The performance of the electronically actuated Pitman arm steering system can be used to develop a firing-on-the-move actuator (FOMA) for an armored vehicle. The FOMA can be used as an active safety system to reject unwanted yaw motion due to the firing force.
Analysis and Disposal for a Generator Excitation Transformer Current Imbalance

General situation and fault phenomenon of No.5 generator excitation transformer current imbalance in some power plant are introduced.Through examination of the excitation devices,such as rectifying cabinet,alternating bus bar cabinet,dexcitation breaker cabinet,AVR cabinet,fault causes of excitation current imbalance are analyzed,then countermeasures are brought out,and to provide guarantee for safe and reliable operation.
Effect of intercalator and Lewis acid–base branched peptide complex formation: boosting affinity towards HIV-1 RRE RNA

High throughput screening of a 4096 compound library of boronic acid and acridine containing branched peptides revealed compounds that have dissociation constants in the low nanomolar regime for HIV-1 RRE IIB RNA. We demonstrate that branched peptide boronic acids A5, A6, and A7 inhibit the production of p24, an HIV-1 capsid protein, in a dose-dependent manner.
Information, Policy, and Sustainability: The Role of Information Technology in the Age of Big Data and Open Government

Sustainability has become an important focus for government, civil society, and the corporate community worldwide (United Nations Environment Programme 2011). Growing interest in addressing environmental deterioration and associated social inequality and economic challenges is shifting focus to this important issue. The lack of fresh water and arable land, extreme weather, rising cost of relying on fossil fuels, and poverty and regional instability are drawing attention to the need for government intervention and policy instruments that encourage the development of sustainable alternatives.
Decentralized feedback controllers for exponential stabilization of hybrid periodic orbits: Application to robotic walking

This paper presents a systematic algorithm to design time-invariant decentralized feedback controllers to exponentially stabilize periodic orbits for a class of hybrid dynamical systems arising from bipedal walking. The algorithm assumes a class of parameterized and nonlinear decentralized feedback controllers which coordinate lower-dimensional hybrid subsystems based on a common phasing variable. The exponential stabilization problem is translated into an iterative sequence of optimization problems involving bilinear and linear matrix inequalities, which can be easily solved with available software packages. A set of sufficient conditions for the convergence of the iterative algorithm to a stabilizing decentralized feedback control solution is presented. The power of the algorithm is demonstrated by designing a set of local nonlinear controllers that cooperatively produce stable walking for a 3D autonomous biped with 9 degrees of freedom, 3 degrees of underactuation, and a decentralization scheme motivated by amputee locomotion with a transpelvic prosthetic leg.
LINEAR A.C. ELECTRODE POLARIZATION IMPEDANCE UNDER CONTROLLED pH AND POTENTIAL FOR Ag-AgCl ELECTRODES

Linear A.C. electrode polarization impedance measurements on silver-silver chloride electrodes were conducted under controlled pH and potential. The results demonstrate the sensitivity of the electrode kinetics to both pH and potential. The electrode impedance over the range of pH 6 to 8 illustrates a variation in impedance with electrode potential. The large changes in linear A.C. polarization impedance with variations in parameters such as electrode potential, chloride ion concentration and pH demonstrate that great care must be taken using Ag-AgCl electrodes other than as reference electrodes.
Investigating the effect of rejuvenators on low-temperature properties of recycled asphalt using impact resonance test

Use of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) in highway construction is highly promoted due to recent awareness in sustainable construction practices. The concerns with material brittleness in utilising higher content of RAP are alleviated through addition of rejuvenators to some extent. Inclusion of rejuvenator to the aged binder improves its flexibility and lessens its cracking potential. A study was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of the impact resonance (IR) testing in determining low-temperature binder properties through mixture testing. To this effect, the presented study consisted of two stages. In stage I, the IR test was conducted on mixes made with different low-temperature grade binders. Stage II consisted of testing pure RAP mixes treated with a rejuvenating agent at different levels using the IR as well as testing blends of recovered RAP binder and rejuvenator and virgin binder using bending beam rheometer (BBR). The IR test was performed at a range of temperatures between and . The res...
The Role of Tropical Interbasin SST Gradients in Forcing Walker Circulation Trends

AbstractThe effects of externally forced tropical sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies on long-term Walker circulation changes are investigated through numerical atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments. In response to the observed tropics-wide SST trend, which exhibits a prominent interbasin warming contrast (IBWC) with smaller warming in the Pacific than the Indian and Atlantic Oceans that includes a weak La Nina–like pattern in the equatorial Pacific, pronounced low-level easterly anomalies emerge over the equatorial Pacific. Through sensitivity experiments, the intensification of the Pacific trade winds (PTWs) is attributable to the IBWC, whereas the slightly enhanced zonal SST gradient within the equatorial Pacific plays a small role relative to the observed IBWC. It is further demonstrated that the greater Indian Ocean warming forces low-level easterly anomalies over the entire equatorial Pacific, while the greater tropical Atlantic warming-driven enhancement of PTWs is located ov...
A Novel Microarray Gene Expression Analysis of Murine AML Cell Lines Provides Clues to the Development of Drug Resistance to Ara-C

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has the ability to evade cell death in the presence of chemotherapeutic cocktails containing cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). This lab previously developed two highly resistant murine AML cell lines, B117H and B140H, by introducing increasing concentrations of Ara-C to their parental cell lines, B117P and B140P, respectively. B117H and B140H can tolerate Ara-C concentrations ~1000X that of their drug sensitive parental cell lines. mRNA from all four cell lines were used in gene expression microarrays for the purpose of comparing Ara-C drug resistant murine AML cell lines with their Ara-C drug sensitive parental lines. A novel algorithm was developed to evaluate the changes in gene expression between the drug resistant and drug sensitive cells. The algorithm differed from more conventional algorithms in two key ways. First, the detection data was normalized by using ribosomal subunit 9 (Rsp9) as the normalization gene, and secondly it calculated fold change by comparing the minimum value of one population to the maximum value of the other population. The output of this algorithm was a list of genes with significant gene expression changes. These genes were next submitted to the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) process. IPA implicated nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) in the Ara-C resistance process. Cell growth assays confirmed that the Ara-C drug resistant B117H cell line was significantly more sensitive to NFκB inhibition than its Ara-C sensitive parental cell line. This leads us to believe that the selection of Ara-C resistance may also concomitantly make some AML cells highly sensitive to killing by NFκB inhibition. This theory is being tested further through the use of drug combination assays, to determine if a synergistic or antagonistic relationship exists between Ara-C and various drugs that affect the NFκB pathway.
Successful implantation and immediate activation of Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) during pregnancy in a patient with intractable epilepsy: A case illustration and review of the literature

While Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) is proven to be a safe and effective adjunctive therapy in the general population with medically intractable seizures, little is published about its implantation during pregnancy. Here we illustrate the case of a 21year old primigravid woman with medically refractory seizures who underwent safe and successful VNS implantation and immediate activation of the device in her 32nd week of pregnancy, resulting in dramatically improved seizure control and subsequent delivery of a healthy baby.
Performance Evaluation of Emulsion and Hot Asphalt Cement Chip Seal Pavements

AbstractPavements steadily deteriorate attributable to many factors such as weather, traffic, water infiltration, and degradation of materials over time. Thus, pavement preservation and maintenance...
Ankle Sprain/Fracture

Ankle injuries are frequently encountered in several clinical settings and can range from mild ligamentous ankle sprains to devastating traumatic ankle fracture/dislocations. Most ankle sprains and fractures are secondary to rotational or twisting forces. The ankle joint is stabilized by bony constraints and several ligamentous complexes and damage to either of these can lead to instability, pain, and long-term challenges such as end-stage arthritis. Ankle sprains involve damage to the ligaments of the ankle joint and most commonly involve the laterally based ligaments. High ankle sprains are a subset of ankle sprains that involve injury to the syndesmosis—ligamentous complex between the tibia and fibula—and these injuries are often subtle, frequently missed, and take longer to heal. Most ankle sprains can be treated with conservative treatment which involves a short period of rest, ice, and elevation followed by physical therapy to maintain strength and proprioception. Surgery is reserved for severe and chronic cases with marked ligamentous injury and instability that does not respond to conservative management. Ankle fractures represent the other spectrum of ankle injuries. A thorough evaluation of these injuries is critical as ankle fractures can often present as open injuries with damage to nerves or vessels. While there is a subset of ankle fractures that are stable injuries due to preserve ligamentous anatomy, although most are unstable which require surgical fixation. Anatomic restoration of the articular surface is vital when treating ankle fractures surgically as even a small incongruity can lead to large imbalances in joint distribution forces leading to early and debilitating end-stage arthritis.
Interior Point Algorithms: Barrier Methods

In Chapter 7 the solution philosophy was based on an affine or projective transformation so that at the start of each iteration we were at the “center” of the polytope instead of on the boundary. This allowed a large step in the direction of a projected gradient. Another “centering” philosophy used to keep a solution from being “too close” to the boundary has its roots in the barrier methods of nonlinear programming. See Frisch [161] and Fiacco and McCormick [147] for a thorough discussion.
Women as a Social Problem

In recent years women have become increasingly visible in social issues recognized by our society. These years have seen the successive parade of the issues of sex roles, woman battering, rape, employment discrimination, sexual harassment, incest, pornography, the aged, and homeless (“shopping bag”) women, followed by a succession of attempted remedies. As social scientists, we may wonder why these particular issues have been targeted for action as social problems; how particular responses to them are carried out; and why the intended solutions may not be lasting. In this chapter I wish to examine the definition and redefinition of social issues, with special attention to women’s relation to them, and to women as social problems themselves. (In this discussion, although I may use the term social problems more often than social issues, I will use the terms almost interchangeably.1)
Quantification of the utilization of reserve oxygen transport capacity: initial studies in critically ill patients.

Reserve oxygen transport is defined as oxygen transport that is available for utilization but is in excess of actual tissue requirements (Shoemaker et al., 1976). A decrease in oxygen delivery (DO2) below ‘normal’ or an increase in oxygen consumption (VO2) above ‘normal’ are factors in causing the utilization of reserve oxygen transport. It is postulated that the ability to quantify the utilization of reserve oxygen transport capacity may lead to: 1) better clinical management of some critically ill patients; 2) an improved understanding of the interrelationships of a variety of oxygenation and hemodynamic parameters.
Natural Systems Engineering

Natural systems have evolved on Earth over some 542MY, through trial and error, by natural selection, with such exemplary results as the human body, one of the most complex organisms on the planet.
A Comparison of Infant Sleep Safety Guidelines in Nine Industrialized Countries.

Many countries have guidelines that recommend safety practices for infant sleep. However, it is not known whether guidelines between countries are similar or different. The purpose of this paper is to compare national public health infant sleep safety guidelines among highly developed countries. Criteria for inclusion were: countries defined by United Nations as “very high human development,” guideline related to infant sleep position and safety practices, evidence of it being a national guideline, and published in English. Guidelines from nine countries met inclusion criteria, and data were extracted across 13 categories. All guidelines recommended the supine sleep position and avoidance of smoke exposure. While most guidelines addressed the remaining 11 categories, specific recommendations varied among guidelines. These findings can inform the broad context of SIDS reduction work, offer opportunities for collaboration among countries, and promote multi-country and global conversations about how research evidence is translated into recommendations for practice.
Association between P-selectin levels and left atrial blood stasis in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.

Abstract Background P-selectin - a biomarker of platelet and endothelial cell activation is elevated in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). However, the association between sP-selectin level and thromboembolic complications in NVAF patients remains controversial. We tested the hypothesis that plasma soluble P-selectin (sPSL) level correlates with the measures of left atrial blood stasis in NVAF. Methods Plasma sPSL concentration was measured using solid-phase ELISA in 103 NVAF patients (age 63 ± 14 years; 26% women) and 48 normal sinus rhythm controls (NSR; age 64 ± 14 years; 41% women) who were not on aspirin. Within the group of NVAF cases, 27 had no spontaneous echocardiographic contrast (SEC) detected by transesophageal echocardiography, 31had mild SEC, 15 moderate, 20 severe, and 10 patients had left atrial appendage thrombus (LAAT). Results The median soluble sPSL level was higher in NVAF cases compared to NSR controls [(interquartile range) 26 (20−32) ng/mL vs 22 (15–29) ng/mL, p = 0.0045]. Only NVAF patients with CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 1 had higher sPSL level compared to NSR controls. Patients with severe SEC had significantly higher sPSL levels [32 (24–38) ng/mL] compared to all other NVAF patients (p = 0.0042) and to NSR controls (p Conclusions There is a direct correlation between p-selectin level and severe blood stasis in the left atrium. Only NVAF patients with CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 1 or with LAAT had higher sPSL level compared to NSR controls.
Escaping the Heat: A Hindbrain Circuit Essential for Nocifensive Behavior.

The brain orchestrates a variety of responses to noxious environmental stimuli, from reflexive movements to coordinated defensive behaviors. In this issue of Neuron, Barik et al. identify a hindbrain circuit essential for escape behaviors (Barik et al., 2018).