cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gender Matters: The Effects of Communication Technologies on Engagement and Enrichment

This research explores how information-communication technologies have created a complex configuration of the professional and private for the average employee. We suggest that whether usage of technology after work hours to accomplish work produces costs or benefits for the work motivation and well-being of employees depends on the quality of the employee-organization relationship and gender. With a sample of 164 employees from a public company, interactive effects of gender and social exchange quality were found for work engagement and work/life enrichment levels reported. Further, the negative effects of excessive technology usage for work purposes after work hours are likely to be minimal, if individuals perceive a high-quality relationship between themselves and their employer. Specifically, we found that perceptions of an organization as family-supportive had a pronounced effect on increasing the engagement and work-life enrichment levels of women. Implications of the findings for policies and pract...
Particulate air pollution and chronic respiratory disease.

Chronic exposure to particulates has been associated with increased rates of bronchitis and other respiratory ailments, with loss of lung function, and with increased risk of lung cancer. Despite these findings, debate continues about the adverse health effects of exposure to airborne particles at concentrations often seen in urban areas. This issue was examined by looking at reported rates of chronic respiratory illness by standardized questionnaire across 53 urban areas in the United States. Diagnosis of respiratory illness by an examining physician in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was also considered as an outcome. After controlling for age, race, sex, and cigarette smoking, annual average total suspended particulate concentrations (TSP) were associated with increased risk of chronic bronchitis (odds ratio (OR) = 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.12) and of a respiratory diagnosis by the examining physician (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02–1.11). The odds ratios are for a 10 μg/m3 increase in TSP. When the analysis was restricted to never smokers, the associations remained, with a slight increase in the relative odds associated with airborne particles. Plots of the relative odds by quartiles of TSP exposure, adjusting for covariates, showed dose-dependent increases in risk with increasing exposure. The risk appeared to continue to concentrations below the ambient air quality standard. Given the other recent findings of both acute and chronic effects of particulate pollution, these associations are likely causal.
Clinical and pathologic presentation in Parkinson's disease by apolipoprotein e4 allele status

Abstract Background Apolipoprotein (APOE) e4 allele status has been linked to clinical presentation and progression in Alzheimer's disease; however, evidence for a role of APOE e4 in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains largely inconclusive. In this analysis we explored potential significant associations between APOE e4 allele status and characteristics of clinical presentation in patients with PD. Methods Data came from 424 subjects evaluated using the Uniform Data Set (UDS) assessment collected by the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center. Subjects had a known year of diagnosis of PD and experienced change in motor function prior to any change in cognition. Linear and logistic regression were used to model the association between APOE e4 carrier status and clinical characteristics including measures of cognitive decline and motor and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Amyloid burden was also evaluated for a subset of patients who died and consented to autopsy. Results Odds of dementia were higher in APOE e4 carriers (OR = 5.15), and, on average, APOE e4 carriers scored two points worse on tests of episodic memory and the Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes assessment. There was little evidence to support an association between e4 carrier status and severity of motor features, and, of the four neuropsychiatric symptoms evaluated, only presence of hallucinations was significantly associated with APOE e4 carrier status (OR = 5.29). Neuropathology data revealed higher frequencies of neuritic and diffuse amyloid plaques in APOE e4 carriers compared to non-carriers. Conclusions APOE e4 allele status is associated with dementia and severity of Alzheimer's disease pathologic features in PD.
Role of A Kinase Anchor Proteins in the Tissue-Specific Regulation of Lipoprotein Lipase

Activation of protein kinase A by catecholamines inhibits lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity through the elaboration of an RNA binding complex, which inhibits LPL translation by binding to the 3′-untranslated region of the LPL mRNA. To better define this process, we reconstituted the inhibitory RNA binding complex in vitro and demonstrated that the K homology (KH) domain of A kinase anchor protein (AKAP) 121/149 plays a vital role in the inhibition of LPL translation. Inhibition of LPL translation occurred in vitro only when the Cα subunit, R subunit, and AKAP 149 were present. Using different glutathione-S-transferase fusion proteins of AKAP 149, sequences containing the KH domain were required for inhibition of LPL translation, and the inhibition of AKAP 121 expression in 3T3-F442A adipocytes with short interfering RNA resulted in loss of epinephrine-mediated translation inhibition. After epinephrine injection into mice, LPL activity was inhibited in white adipose tissue but not in brown adipose tissue (...
Embedded Librarians: MLS Students as Apprentice Librarians in Online Courses

ABSTRACT Master of Library Science (MLS) students at one university are serving as apprentice “embedded” librarians in nursing courses at another university. Results of surveys of nursing students at the end of the class and reflections of the MLS students after this experience will be shared from the first semester iteration of this project. A comparison of this project with past iterations of the project will be made in the hope that the information gleaned from these interactions will help in the design of library services. Furthermore, this premise of the development of relationships in the provision of library services for distance learners will be further examined.
Disappearance of the Incest Taboo: A Cross‐Cultural Test of General Evolutionary Hypotheses

Employing a cross-cultural sample of 121 societies, this research tests and supports three hypotheses offered by Yehudi Cohen (1978) concerning the relationship between the general evolution of society and the extension of the incest taboo. Cohen generally proposes that the number of relatives included in the incest taboo will be reduced as societies become technologically and socially more complex. More specifically, Cohen identifies the development of trade institutions as eliminating the need for extended incest regulations. Furthermore, Cohen proposes that as the incest taboo contracts and becomes less important, violations of this taboo are treated less severely.
The Gastrointestinal Mucosal Immune System

The mucosal immune system, consisting of lymphoid tissues associated with the lacrimal, salivary, gastrointestinal, respiratory and urogenital tracts and lactating breasts, quantitatively contains the majority of the lymphoid tissue of the body. There are a number of important features of the gastrointestinal mucosal immune system: the mucosal immune system contains specialized structures, such as the Peyer's patches, where immune responses are thought to be initiated; there is a pattern of relatively specific recirculation of lymphoid cells to the mucosa, known as mucosal homing; subsets of lymphoid cells, particularly IgA B cells and memory T cells, predominate at mucosal surfaces; and the predominant mucosal immunoglobulin, secretory IgA, is particularly well adapted to host defense at mucosal surfaces. These elements of the gastrointestinal mucosal immune system function together to generate an immune response which on the one hand protects the host from harmful pathogens, but on the other hand is tolerant of the ubiquitous dietary antigens and normal microbial flora.
The Nonsynonymous/Synonymous Substitution Rate Ratio versus the Radical/Conservative Replacement Rate Ratio in the Evolution of Mammalian Genes

There are 2 ways to infer selection pressures in the evolution of protein-coding genes, the nonsynonymous and synonymous substitution rate ratio (K(A)/K(S)) and the radical and conservative amino acid replacement rate ratio (K(R)/K(C)). Because the K(R)/K(C) ratio depends on the definition of radical and conservative changes in the classification of amino acids, we develop an amino acid classification that maximizes the correlation between K(A)/K(S) and K(R)/K(C). An analysis of 3,375 orthologous gene groups among 5 mammalian species shows that our classification gives a significantly higher correlation coefficient between the 2 ratios than those of existing classifications. However, there are many orthologous gene groups with a low K(A)/K(S) but a high K(R)/K(C) ratio. Examining the functions of these genes, we found an overrepresentation of functional categories related to development. To determine if the overrepresentation is stage specific, we examined the expression patterns of these genes at different developmental stages of the mouse. Interestingly, these genes are highly expressed in the early middle stage of development (blastocyst to amnion). It is commonly thought that developmental genes tend to be conservative in evolution, but some molecular changes in developmental stages should have contributed to morphological divergence in adult mammals. Therefore, we propose that the relaxed pressures indicated by the K(R)/K(C) ratio but not by K(A)/K(S) in the early middle stage of development may be important for the morphological divergence of mammals at the adult stage, whereas purifying selection detected by K(A)/K(S) occurs in the early middle developmental stage.
An optic probe for measuring the mixture composition of powders

Abstract An optic probe is described by means of which the mixture compositions of powders may be continuously monitored during the mixing process. The device utilizes the fact that the reflected light from a powder surface is dependent on its composition. The usefulness of the instrument to monitor compositional changes occurring in visually mono-coloured components has been made possible by selecting absorption bands in the ultraviolet region and using ultraviolet light as the incident radiation.
Myocardial preservation during ischemia and reperfusion

Protection of the myocardium during cardiac surgery is necessary because of two distinctly different forms of injury: ischemia during cross-clamping of the aorta and secondary destructive phenomena during reperfusion. The primary injury of ischemia is caused by a combination of inadequate or no delivery of substrate and inadequate or no flow, which prevents the removal of toxic intermediary and end products of anaerobic metabolism. The secondary injury, that due to myocardial reperfusion after prolonged ischemia, has been shown in experimental models to accentuate ischemic injury, hasten cell death, and thus may extend infarct size. Protection of the myocardium from the primary ischemic injury with chemical cardioplegia was first introduced by Melrose et al.’ in 1955. Since then extensive animal studies2e5 have provided not only a foundation for understanding the physiologic and metabolic derangements in myocardium during ischemia but also the basis for formulating the various cardioplegic solutions for clinical use. Roe et a1.6 were among the first to describe a large clinical experience with single-dose, crystalloid, hypothermic potassium cardioplegia, which yielded very low morbidity and mortality. Tylers et a1.,7 Conti et al.,s and Adams et al9 reported similar results when multidose cardioplegia was used. The use of oxygenated blood as a vehicle for cardioplegic arrest was advocated by Follette et al.l” in 1978. The superiority of sanguineous cardioplegia was then demonstrated in several clinical studies”-l3 both in terms of longer cross-clamping time and lower perioperative
Resonant Interaction of a Rectangular Jet with a Flat-Plate

A resonant interaction between a large aspect ratio rectangular jet and a flat-plate is addressed in this experimental study. The plate is placed parallel to but away from the direct path of the jet. At high subsonic conditions and for certain relative locations of the plate, the resonance accompanied by an audible tone is encountered. The trends of the tone frequency variation exhibit some similarities to, but also marked differences from, corresponding trends of the well-known edge-tone phenomenon. Under the resonant condition flow visualization indicates a periodic flapping motion of the jet column. Phase-averaged Mach number data obtained near the plate's trailing edge illustrate that the jet cross-section goes through large contortions within the period of the tone. Farther downstream a clear 'axis switching' takes place. These results suggest that the assumption of two-dimensionality should be viewed with caution in any analysis of the flow.
Switch I Closure Simultaneously Promotes Strong Binding to Actin and ADP in Smooth Muscle Myosin

The motor protein myosin uses energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to produce force and motion. Important conserved components (P-loop, switch I, and switch II) help propagate small conformational changes at the active site into large scale conformational changes in distal regions of the protein. Structural and biochemical studies have indicated that switch I may be directly responsible for the reciprocal opening and closing of the actin and nucleotide-binding pockets during the ATPase cycle, thereby aiding in the coordination of these important substrate-binding sites. Smooth muscle myosin has displayed the ability to simultaneously bind tightly to both actin and ADP, although it is unclear how both substrate-binding clefts could be closed if they are rigidly coupled to switch I. Here we use single tryptophan mutants of smooth muscle myosin to determine how conformational changes in switch I are correlated with structural changes in the nucleotide and actin-binding clefts in the presence of actin and ADP. Our results suggest that a closed switch I conformation in the strongly bound actomyosin-ADP complex is responsible for maintaining tight nucleotide binding despite an open nucleotide-binding pocket. This unique state is likely to be crucial for prolonged tension maintenance in smooth muscle.
Freestyle vs. Boolean: a comparison of partial and exact match retrieval systems

Although Boolean searching has been the standard model for commercial information retrieval systems for the past three decades, natural language input and partial-match weighted retrieval have recently emerged from the laboratories to become a searching option in several well-known online systems. The purpose of this investigation is to compare the performance of one of these partial match options, LEXIS/NEXIS's Freestyle, with that of traditional Boolean retrieval. To create a context for the investigation, the definition of natural language and the natural language search engines currently available are discussed. Although the Boolean searches had better results more often than the Freestyle searches, neither mechanism demonstrated superior performance for every query. These results do not in any way prove the superiority of partial match techniques or exact match techniques, but they do suggest that different queries demand different techniques. Further study and analysis are needed to determine which elements of a query make it best suited for partial match or exact match retrieval.
Radiolabeled γ-AApeptides: a new class of tracers for positron emission tomography.

A γ-AApeptide-based tracer for positron emission tomography imaging of integrin αvβ3 is reported. Despite its shorter sequence and linear nature, this tracer had comparable integrin αvβ3 binding affinity to the cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide but significantly higher resistance to enzymatic degradation and better stability.
LogScheme: integrating logic programming into scheme

This research aims to fully integrate logic programming into the programming language Scheme. We use a minimalist approach, based on the observation that the fundamental aspects of logic programming, nondeterminism and unification, are separable both in concept and in implementation. We have found that only two new primitive functions and one new special form need to be added to Scheme to achieve this integration. Using these primitives, we can write programs in the style of Scheme, Icon, Prolog, or any mixture thereof. We have found that a style of programming that uses both logical and functional techniques can be more powerful than the use of either technique alone. Because Scheme has side effects and continuations, this research addresses different problems and choices than previous research [2, 16, 19] on merging functional and logical languages.
Monkey retinal ganglion cells: morphometric analysis and tracing of axonal projections, with a consideration of the peroxidase technique.

This paper presents evidence on the retinal distribution and certral projections of retinal ganglion cells of various cell body sizes in the adul macaque monkey. The ganglion cell sizes have been determined by computer assisted measurement of camera lucida drawings at various eccentricities of both flat mounted and sectioned retinae. The pattern of projections of individual ganglion cells to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and superior colliculus has been studied using retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. Following peroxidase injections into the parvocellular laminae of the geniculate, virtually every ganglion cell was labeled within a circumscribed zone of the retina known to project to the region of the geniculate immediately surrounding the injection needle tip. After magnocellular injections, only the largest cells of the peripheral retina and approximately 26% of the ganglion cells of the parafovea were labeled. Peroxidase injections into the superior colliculus produced labeling of scattered ganglion cells of all sizes in the retina, although no labeled cells were found within the centralmost 10° eccentricity. From these observations it is concluded that all ganglion cells of the macaque retina project to the parvocellular layers of the dorsal lateral geniculate, but that only the largest ganglion cells of the more peripheral retina and not all cells of the parafovea project to the magnocellular laminae. In contrast, only scattered ganglion cells, although these are of all sizes, appear to project to the superior colliculus. Two major problems with the peroxidase tracing technique are described: The extent of stainable peroxidase activity around the injection site appears to be larger than the area of injected tracer actually available for uptake by axons to produce labeled cells. Cut or damaged axons appear to incorporate peroxidase sufficiently to produce labeling of the cell body.
Photoreceptor degeneration after exposure of rats to incandescent illumination

The retina of the albino rat undergoes degenerative changes when exposed to low intensity incandescent light. The retinal degeneration is limited specifically to the photoreceptor cells, and the pigment epithelium is unaffected. Early changes in the receptors included fragmentation of the inner and outer segments and pyknosis of the receptor cell nuclei. Phagocytic cells invaded and occupied the central retinal area of degeneration, between the receptor layer and the pigment epithelium, in the 4 and 5 day exposure periods. They were absent centrally after 14 and 30 days of exposure, but were present at these time periods in the peripheral retina, where photoreceptor destruction was still in progress. The destruction of photoreceptor cells, including the receptor and outer nuclear layers of the retina, by incandescent light progressed at a slightly reduced rate as compared to that after exposure to fluorescent light of the same intensity. These experiments indicate that exposure to either low intensity incandescent or fluorescent light will cause a selective degeneration of retinal photoreceptor cells, and therefore provide an easily reproducible model for the study of retinal structure and function in the absence of the receptors.
A new definition of discrete analytic functions

The concept of a tetradiffric function is introduced. This new scheme for defining discrete analytic functions is shown to retain the algebraic simplicity of monodiffric functions, while introducing to the theory a symmetry similar to the Schwarz Reflection Principle.
Dry-bed training and retention control training: A comparison

This study examined the efficacy of Dry-Bed Training (DBT) in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis and provided a direct comparison with Retention Control Training (RCT). Changes in bladder capacity as well as wets per night were recorded. The results revealed (a) DBT to be effective in reducing enuresis, (b) DBT to be clearly superior to RCT, and (c) no apparent relationship between bladder capacity and changes in wetting frequency. The differences between these data and those obtained from previous studies using DBT and RCT were discussed, as were the accuracy and reliability of the estimates of bladder capacity.
Insulin-like growth factor-I downregulates embryonic myosin heavy chain (eMyHC) in myoblast nuclei

The obscure ability of the insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I & -II) to stimulate both myoblast proliferation and differentiation suggests that the latter effect may be mediated locally, possibly by IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). In some cells, the growth inhibitory actions of IGFBP-5 require plasma membrane translocation and nuclear localization. Immunoreactivity of presumably endogenous IGFBP-5 was identified within proliferating rat L6 myoblast nuclei using fluorescent and confocal microscopy in separate experiments and was reduced by 100 ng/ml IGF-I in a time-dependent manner. Western blotting of nuclear and cytosolic protein identified a single anti-IGFBP-5 immunoreactive protein of approximately 200 kDa, primarily in nuclear fractions, that was downregulated in cells treated with IGF-I for 12 h. The unknown protein was immunopurified from nuclear fractions and identified as the rat homologue for embryonic myosin heavy chain (eMyHC) using matrix-associated laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectroscopy. Cross-reactivity of the IGFBP-5 antiserum with eMyHC was confirmed by blotting anti-IGFBP-5 nuclear immunoprecipitates with eMyHC monoclonal antibodies (F1.652). These data indicate that eMyHC is located predominantly within the nuclei of proliferating L6 myoblasts and suggest that IGF-stimulated differentiation is associated with the rapid downregulation of nuclear eMyHC as these cells stop expressing this myosin II isoform as they differentiate. Myosin Ibeta has been identified within the nuclei of non-muscle cells where it helps to regulate gene transcription. Thus, eMyHC may serve a similar role in myoblasts that is specific only to the undifferentiated state.
Food for thought: menu labeling as obesity prevention public health policy

This article discusses the evidence for menu labeling as obesity prevention public health policy. While sympathetic to providing nutritional information, whether food is consumed at restaurants or purchased for home consumption, the authors raise a word of caution against the assumption that menu labeling will significantly lead to healthier food choices, lower obesity rates, and decreased obesity disparities. The authors find little empirical evidence that this will be the case, critique the theoretical model that informs menu labeling as obesity prevention public health policy, and instead encourage policies that draw on a fundamental social causes approach to obesity prevention and health promotion generally.
Direct Fourier transform mass spectral analysis of natural waters with low dissolved organic matter

Abstract A major obstacle for characterizing dissolved organic matter (DOM) with ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry has been its low concentrations in natural waters. Many previous mass spectrometric studies of both terrestrial and marine DOM typically have isolated and concentrated the DOM using solid phase C18 extraction disks, ultrafiltration, or XAD resins, all of which are known to discriminate against many different classes of compounds. We have, for the first time, developed an approach to directly analyze natural water samples with less than 6 mg/l DOC (dissolved organic carbon), using electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR-MS). We demonstrate the sensitivity and ability of sequential selective ion accumulation (SSIA) to detect the thousands of components in a single freshwater DOM sample without any significant pretreatment. By utilizing SSIA, the baseline noise decreases while signal to noise ratios of the peaks increase, allowing for approximately 40% more formulas to be assigned to peaks in the mass spectra.
α5 Integrin Signaling Regulates the Formation of Spines and Synapses in Hippocampal Neurons

The actin-based dynamics of dendritic spines play a key role in synaptic plasticity, which underlies learning and memory. Although it is becoming increasingly clear that modulation of actin is critical for spine dynamics, the upstream molecular signals that regulate the formation and plasticity of spines are poorly understood. In non-neuronal cells, integrins are critical modulators of the actin cytoskeleton, but their function in the nervous system is not well characterized. Here we show that α5 integrin regulates spine morphogenesis and synapse formation in hippocampal neurons. Knockdown of α5 integrin expression using small interfering RNA decreased the number of dendritic protrusions, spines, and synapses. Expression of constitutively active or dominant negative α5 integrin also resulted in alterations in the number of dendritic protrusions, spines, and synapses. α5 integrin signaling regulates spine morphogenesis and synapse formation by a mechanism that is dependent on Src kinase, Rac, and the signaling adaptor GIT1. Alterations in the activity or localization of these molecules result in a significant decrease in the number of spines and synapses. Thus, our results point to a critical role for integrin signaling in regulating the formation of dendritic spines and synapses in hippocampal neurons.
On data dispersion in pin-on-disk wear tests

Ten pin-on-disk sliding wear tests for each experimental condition were carried out with a commercial tungsten carbide (WC) pin on silicon carbide (SiC) disks in order to determine the wear and friction data dispersion. The tests were repeated using two sliding speeds (v), 0.1 and 1.0 m/s, and two applied loads (P), 5 and 50 N. The wear data showed a dispersion in the range of 28–47 and 32–56%, for disk and pin, respectively. For the disk, the dispersion decreased when increasing both sliding speed and applied load; for the pin, no clear relationship was found. The friction values spread in the range of 5–15%, with a lower dispersion at high applied load, independent of the sliding speed. From a statistical point of view, it was found that, in all the experimental conditions adopted, about 20% of the wear and friction values can be considered outliers. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Method for Damage Assessment of Ceramics after an Impact

An image-processing method for damage assessment of ceramics after an impact is presented in this article. The method is based on the analysis of digital gray-scale images of the damaged surfaces and consists of successive steps of image enhancement, including normalization of light intensity, rotation of the light intensity space, histogram equalization, thresholding, and determination of the parameter characterizing the density of image distortions. The method allows the use of digital images taken under imperfect lighting conditions. The method was applied for damage assessment of AD995 ceramic specimens. The specimens were subjected to a double pulse loading generated with the help of the split Hopkinson pressure bar. As evident from the analysis of experiments, the parameter density of surface image distortions correlates strongly with the amplitude of the incident strain pulse as well as with the descriptive characteristics of the deformed shape of the specimen.
MEMS-based shear characterization of soft hydrated samples

We have designed, fabricated, calibrated and tested actuators for shear characterization to assess microscale shear properties of soft substrates. Here, we demonstrate characterization of dry silicone and hydrated polyethylene glycol. Microscale tools, including atomic force microscopes and nanoindenters, often have limited functionality in hydrated environments. While electrostatic comb-drive actuators are particularly susceptible to moisture damage, through chemical vapor deposition of hexamethyldisiloxane, we increase the hydrophobicity of our electrostatic devices to a water contact angle 90 ± 3°. With this technique, we determine the effective shear stiffness of both dry and hydrated samples for a range of soft substrates. Using computational and analytical models, we compare our empirically determined effective shear stiffness with existing characterization methods, rheology, and nanoindentation, for samples with shear moduli ranging from 5–320 kPa. This work introduces a new approach for microscale assessment of synthetic materials that can be used on biological materials for basic and applied biomaterials research.
Configuration management in a hypermedia-based software development environment

Several researchers have explored the use of hypermedia technology in software development environments (SDEs). However, existing hypermedia-based SDEs have only limited support for the evolutionary aspects of software projects. On the other hand, commercial software configuration management systems (SCMs) have had noticeable success in helping developers manage system evolution. While researchers in the hypermedia community acknowledged the need for strong version control support in their systems, they are still far from achieving this goal. The Software Concordance (SC) project is developing a SDE to experiment with the use of versioned hypermedia services for managing software documents and their logical relationships. This paper describes our versioned hypermedia framework in which hypermedia services are built on top of a SCM system and provides uniform version control supports for both software documents and their relationships.
DOMINE: a comprehensive collection of known and predicted domain-domain interactions

DOMINE is a comprehensive collection of known and predicted domain-domain interactions (DDIs) compiled from 15 different sources. The updated DOMINE includes 2285 new domain-domain interactions (DDIs) inferred from experimentally characterized high-resolution three-dimensional structures, and about 3500 novel predictions by five computational approaches published over the last 3 years. These additions bring the total number of unique DDIs in the updated version to 26,219 among 5140 unique Pfam domains, a 23% increase compared to 20,513 unique DDIs among 4346 unique domains in the previous version. The updated version now contains 6634 known DDIs, and features a new classification scheme to assign confidence levels to predicted DDIs. DOMINE will serve as a valuable resource to those studying protein and domain interactions. Most importantly, DOMINE will not only serve as an excellent reference to bench scientists testing for new interactions but also to bioinformaticans seeking to predict novel protein-protein interactions based on the DDIs. The contents of the DOMINE are available at http://domine.utdallas.edu.
Metrology of multilayer Laue lens structures by means of scanning electron microscope imaging

Scanning electron microscope images obtained on a cross-section of a sputtered multilayer structure have proven to be crucial for qualifying these films for their intended use as a multilayer Laue lens. The quality of the linear Fresnel zone structure is assessed by means of image processing and analyses, and these analyses are then used to qualify the structure for further lens processing. The image analysis as well as problematic SEM artifacts are discussed.
Evaluation of Strong Cation Exchange versus Isoelectric Focusing of Peptides for Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Shotgun proteome analysis platforms based on multidimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) provide a powerful means to discover biomarker candidates in tissue specimens. Analysis platforms must balance sensitivity for peptide detection, reproducibility of detected peptide inventories and analytical throughput for protein amounts commonly present in tissue biospecimens (<100 μg), such that platform stability is sufficient to detect modest changes in complex proteomes. We compared shotgun proteomics platforms by analyzing tryptic digests of whole cell and tissue proteomes using strong cation exchange (SCX) and isoelectric focusing (IEF) separations of peptides prior to LC-MS/MS analysis on a LTQ-Orbitrap hybrid instrument. IEF separations provided superior reproducibility and resolution for peptide fractionation from samples corresponding to both large (100 μg) and small (10 μg) protein inputs. SCX generated more peptide and protein identifications than did IEF with small (10 μg...
Electrostatic lattices for indirect excitons in coupled quantum wells

We report an implementation of a 2-dimensional electrostatic lattice potential for indirect excitons. We present electrode designs for square, triangular, and honeycomb lattices, and exciton photoluminescence measurements in a square lattice.
The intestinal phase hormone.

The existence of a stimulatory intestinal phase of gastric acid secretion has been suspected, but largely ignored, for many years. Recently, however, it has become clear that the intestinal phase plays an important role in acid production during digestion. The intestinal phase is of additional interest in relation to the profound gastric acid hypersecretion associated with portacaval shunt (PCS). Substantial evidence indicates that PCS-related gastric hypersecretion is due to unmasking of the intestinal phase by hepatic bypass of a humoral stimulant in portal blood that is normally degraded to a considerable extent by the liver. Studies in our laboratory during the past 12 years have provided strong physiologic evidence for humoral mediation of both the intestinal phase of gastric secretion and of PCS-related hypersecretion by a hormone that arises in the small intestine, particularly in the jejunum. Furthermore, our studies have demonstrated that this intestinal phase hormone (IPH) exists in humans as well as in dogs, rats, and pigs. Additionally, drecent work by a number of investigators, as well as by our group, has provided convincing evidence that IPH is different from any of the known gastric stimulatory hormones. With these physiologic observations as a background, we have used a classical method for extracting acidic peptides to prepare a hog intestinal mucosa extract (HIME) that has all of the known physiologic properties of an IPH. Specifically, HIME contains a potent stimulant of gastric acid secretion that acts according to a linear dose-response relationship; that is not gastrin in any of its immunoassayable forms; that significantly augments the maximal acid secretory responses to pentagastrin, gastrin, CCK, and histamine; and that is substantially degraded by the liver, in contrast to gastrin and CCK. Efforts at isolating the gastric stimulatory substance in HIME suggest that it is a peptide of low molecular weight. Work directed at isolating IPH in pure form and identifying it is in progress.
Electronic Structure and Contact Resistance at the Interface Between Carbon Nanotubes and Copper Pad

Due to their unique and superior mechanical and electrical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a promising candidate as electrical interconnects in nanoscale electronics. A key element in using CNT as electrical interconnects is the full understanding of the mechanical and electrical behavior of the interface between the CNT and copper (Cu) pad. The objective of this paper is to study the electronic structure and the electrical contact resistance at the interface between the open end of a single wall CNT and a Cu pad. To accomplish this, simulation cell consisting of an open-end single wall CNT with each end connected to a Cu electrode was created. The Cu/CNT/Cu system is fully relaxed first before a potential bias is prescribed between the Cu electrodes. The first-principle quantum mechanical density functional and non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) approaches are adopted to compute the transport coefficient, while the current-voltage (I-V) relation is then extracted by invoking the Landauer-Buttiker formalism. The average density of state (DOS) and local density of states (LDOS) are also calculated to obtain the electron energy distribution around Fermi level point. Our simulation results show that electrons are conducted through the Cu/CNT/Cu system. In the low voltage bias regime (0.0∼0.1 V), I-V relationship is found to be linear. At higher voltage (> 2.0 V), the I-V relationship is nonlinear. Our results also show that the electrical contact resistance at the CNT/Cu interface is ∼3.6 kΩ at 0.1 V, and ∼4.8 kΩ at 2.0 V. These results indicate that for open-end CNTs, the contact resistance at the CNT/Cu interface is at least comparable to that of solder/Cu interface.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Active control vs. passive stiffness in posture and movement coordination

The neuro-physiological mechanisms involved in postural stabilization are not well understood. Human body mechanically resembles an inverted pendulum that is inherently unstable. Active and passive mechanisms at muscle and spinal level as well as visual and vestibular processes are attributed to postural stabilization. At the same time, intrinsic delays in the reflex pathways and the low-pass characteristics of the muscle response tend to limit the effectiveness of active mechanisms of stabilization. The motivation for this research was to study the relative contribution from active control (feedforward mechanisms) and passive stiffness (feedback mechanisms) in maintenance of posture and coordination of voluntary movement. We develop a multi-segment sagittal model with three degrees of freedom that included the rotation at ankle, knee, and hip joints. We propose an optimal LQR controller as the central nervous system analog in posture and movement coordination. We present analytical and simulation results to support an active-passive model of postural stabilization. Besides expanding our understanding of the stabilization processes in the body, the insight gained from this study is expected to promote awareness of the existence of optimal trajectories in the coordination of skilled voluntary movements.
Living and learning in Mexico: developing empathy for English language learners through study abroad

This paper provides a qualitative examination of university student experiences with culture, language, and race in a short‐term study abroad program in Cuernavaca, Mexico. All participants were White teacher education students from the United States earning their English as a Second Language (ESL) teaching endorsement and hoped to teach English language learners (ELLs). During the three week program, students took ESL Methods and Spanish for Teachers classes, and lived with host families in Cuernavaca. In addition to academic goals, the study abroad program was designed to help students develop empathy for the challenges faced by ELLs in the US through immersion in Mexico. Given that most teachers in the US are monolingual, native English speaking Whites and the majority of ELLs are native Spanish speakers, this study abroad experience provided many opportunities to develop empathy for ELL schoolchildren that the students’ usual milieu in the US did not. Daily journal entries, instructors’ observations, ...
Chronic keratoconjunctivitis associated with congenital dyskeratosis and erythrokeratodermia variablis: Two rare genodermatoses

Abstract Objective The purpose of the study was to report the ocular manifestations and immunohistopathologic description of two rare forms of genodermatosis: congenital dyskeratosis (CD) and erythrokeratodermia variabilis (EKV). Design Case reports. Participants Two patients with CD and EKV presenting with chronic keratoconjunctivitis were studied. Intervention Clinical photography to show ocular manifestations and dermatologic findings was performed. Conjunctival biopsy was performed to determine the histopathology and immunohistopathology. Results In the patient with EKV, the eyelid skin was dry, erythematous, and thickened. The lid margins showed plugging of some of the Meibomian glands, madarosis, and occasional trichiasis. The epibulbar conjunctiva was injected and had a moderate papillary reaction. Both corneas had pronounced vascularization and stromal scarring. Conjunctival biopsy results disclosed a striking number of degranulating mast cells and moderate numbers of plasma cells. Immunohistopathology showed pronounced immunoglobulin G (IgG)-positive cells in the stroma and immunoglobulin A (IgA) positivity in the epithelium. There was scattered immunoglobulin M (IgM) and moderate C3 and C4 positivity in the stroma. In CD, the patient had keratinized lid margins, entropion formation, trichiasis, cicatrizing conjunctivitis, and symblephra formation. The corneal surface was keratinized, with deep and superficial vascularization. Conjunctival biopsy specimens showed pronounced epithelial keratinization and squamous metaplasia. Degranulating mast cells and eosinophils were prominent in the stroma. Immunohistopathology showed C4 and immunoglobulin D positivity on the keratinized epithelial surface with rare foci of immunoglobulin E-positive cells. Basal epithelial cells were positive for IgA and IgG, and a large number of IgA and IgG plasma cells were present in the substantia propria. Conclusion To the authors' knowledge, these case reports represent the first clinical description of the ocular manifestation of EKV and the first immunohistopathologic description of the affected conjunctiva in EKV and CD, both of which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of genodermatosis associated with chronic keratoconjunctivitis.
A model of motion attention for video skimming

One of the key issues in video manipulation is video abstraction in the form of skimmed video. For this purpose, an important task is to determine the content significance of each chunk of frames in a video sequence. In this paper, we present a new computational model of motion attention and the approach to applying this model in video skimming. The effectiveness of our architecture and model is demonstrated by user studies of visual skimming experiments. The results indicate that the precision of motion attention detection is over 80%, and the user satisfaction of visual skimming is beyond 70%.
Student Evaluations of Faculty: A Longitudinal Study from One Department in a Business School:

Student evaluations of professors' teaching effectiveness are in common use in universities. In many instances these evaluations are employed to evaluate faculty members for tenure and promotion decisions. The study showed that for one department in one university, student ratings of professors over a period of five years did not effectively distinguish among professors in the department.
The pharmacological treatment of childhood anxiety disorders

Pharmacological treatment for childhood anxiety disorders has come a long way since the early 1960s. At this time the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy and replaced the tricyclic antidepressants for the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders. Much more, however, needs to be done to establish confidence in the safety and efficacy of medication treatment. Future studies need to address the comparison of medication and cognitive behavioural therapy, the safety and efficacy of long-term medication treatment and the optimal duration of medication to minimize relapse and recurrence. This manuscript reviews medication treatment trials from the 1960s to the present with particular emphasis on the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
Invariants for everywhere wild knots

Bing, Bothe and Shilepsky studied knots that were wild at every point, and Bothe developed an invariant for a certain subclass of these knots. This paper develops invariants which distinguish ambient isotopy equivalence classes of these knots (which include the "Bing sling") and shows that there is an uncountable number of inequivalent of Bing sling type knots. As an aside, it is also shown that it is possible for inequivalent wild knots to have homeomorphic complements.
Sphenoidal Angle and Brain Size

IN THE course of human evolution from an anthropoid ancestor to recent Homo sapiens, there have been numerous changes in the structure of the skull. Two of the more noteworthy of these changes are the increase in endocranial capacity, and the flexion of the cranial base as measured by the sphenoidal angle. Sinanthropus pekinensis and Solo man, for example, differ from the nonhuman anthropoids in having larger brain cases and more flexed cranial bases (among other things). Homo sapiens has a still larger brain case and a more tightly flexed cranial base. It is tempting to see a causative correlation here. In his monograph on the Sinanthropus skulls, Weidenreich (1943:136-39) discusses in some detail his views on the evolutionary changes in the base of the human skull. He describes the effects of brain expansion as a "rolling up" of the brain case around a transverse axis passing through the mandibular sockets. Both the anterior and the posterior cranial fossae are moved downward in relation to this "axis" by a shortening of the base of the cranium. The cranial base, from nasion to basion, is shortened by folding inward toward the center of the brain case, thus producing the angle in the sphenoid bone (see Fig. 1). One of the most important results of this is the shifting o? the occipital condyles forward to a more central location under the brain case. Weidenreich sees this as a specific adaptation to habitually erect posture by more nearly
Formal Definition in Program Development

The intent of the current paper is to show how a large problem like compiler development can be divided in a way which provides a structure for arguments of correctness. Although mechanically checked proofs are not envisaged, the use of formal notation is recommended so that the basis for correctness arguments exists.