cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes in oxytocin receptor messenger RNA in the endometrium, myometrium, mesometrium, and cervix of sheep in late gestation and during spontaneous and cortisol-induced labor.

Changes in oxytocin binding in intrauterine tissues have been demonstrated in relation to labor and delivery in several species using ligand-binding techniques. Little information is available in any species on changes in mRNA for the oxytocin receptor in intrauterine tissues in relation to the changes in myomttrial activity at term. The objective of this study was to quantify oxytocin receptor mRNA in critical intrauterine tissues in the pregnant sheep in relation to the myomttrial electrrmyographic activity patterns that accompany labor. Uterine tissues were removed under halothane general anesthesia from control ewes not in labor at two stages of gestation, 131 and 140–145 days, and from ewes in spontaneous term labor at 140–145 days’ gestation. Tissues were also obtained from ewes in labor following the infusion of cortisol to the fetus beginning at 127 days’ gestation. In both the myometrium and endometrium, oxytocin receptor mRNA was significantly increased in both spontaneous term labor and cortisol-induced labor as compared with appropriate gestational age-matched controls. In contrast, oxytocin receptor message was unchanged at the time of labor in the mesometrium and cervix in all groups studied. In the pregnant sheep, myomttrial and endomttrial oxytocin receptor mRNA increases significantly in both spontaneous and cortisol-induced labor as compared with appropriate controls. In contrast, there was no increase in oxytocin receptor mRNA in either the cervix or the mesometrium.
Compressibility and Settlement of Compacted Fills

Settlement predictions are necessary for compacted fills under a variety of circumstances (e.g., when fills are high, where major structural loads are to be supported, and when the fill materials are clays or weak rocks).As a result of an extensive testing program on both laboratory- and field-compacted materials, a systematic approach to this prediction has been developed. The recommended procedure involves one-dimensional compression testing in three parts. The initial vertical strains experienced by the compacted fill are those due to self-weight. The magnitudes of these are highly dependent upon the values of prestress established by the compaction process; however, they occur as rapidly as the fill can be built. The major vertical strains will probably occur as the fill becomes wetter and "softens" in service. The timing of this settlement is uncertain, because it depends upon climatic variables at the site. Materials in the upper portion of the fill will often swell under the low confinement, and the net movement is an appropriate summing of these events with the compressions that occur deeper in the fill. Assuming that the fill becomes essentially saturated in service, further settlements can be produced by loading of the saturated material. The latter response is conventional in nature. By testing a series of specimens, with a range of confinements which match those which will be imposed by the prototype fill, representative vertical strains are defined. Integration of these strains over the fill height produces the prediction of movement for the upper surface of the fill. The total testing and prediction technique is illustrated in the paper by example.
AFM study of the structure of underpotentially deposited Ag and Hg on Au(111)

Abstract The AFM was utilized to determine the structure of underpotentially deposited monolayers of Ag and Hg on Au(111) electrode surfaces. Monolayers of Ag exhibit different structures in different electrolytes. Specifically, in sulfate we find a 3 x 3 structure, in nitrate, a 4 x 4 structure, in perchlorate another open structure, and in acetate a close-packed 1 x 1 structure. The packing density of Ag in each system correlates with the size of the electrolyte, with larger anions yielding more open structures. Monolayers of Hg exhibit a hexagonal structure with a 0.58 nm atom-atom distance in sulfate, nitrate, and perchlorate electrolytes. The insensitivity of structure to electrolyte in this system may relate to the substantial partial charge remaining on the Hg. This study suggests that several factors are responsible for the observed monolayer structures.
Low serum alpha-fetoprotein level in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma as a predictor of response to 5-FU and interferon-alpha-2b.

Background. A Phase II clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous fluorouracil (5-FU) and subcutaneous recombinant interferon-alpha-2b (rIFN-α-2b) in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to define factors that might be predictive of a response to treatment. Methods. Twenty-nine patients were registered on the protocol. 5-FU was administered as a continuous intravenous (IV) infusion (dose = 750 mg/m2) for 5 consecutive days. rIFN-α-2b was administered subcutaneously (SC) (dose = 5 × 106 um/m2) once a day on days 1, 3, and 5 of the 5-FU infusion. The treatment was repeated at 14-day intervals. Responses were assessed at the end of one course of therapy, which was equivalent to four treatments. Results. Of the 28 patients evaluable for response, 5 (18%) had a partial response, and 1 (4%) had a minor response. Responses lasted from more than 2 to more than 24 months (median, 11.5 months). Ten (36%) patients experienced no response, and 12 (43%) had progressive disease. The 6 responders were part of a group of 16 patients who had pretreatment levels of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) of 50 ng/ml or less and a group of 8 whose tumors involved 50% or less of the liver parenchyma. Mucositis, which occurred in 54% of the patients, was the most common toxicity associated with the treatment regimen. Diarrhea and dermatitis were observed in 16% and 17% of the patients, respectively; fatigue, thrombo-cytopenia, granulocytopenia, neurologic toxicity, and nausea and vomiting were not commonly seen. Conclusions. The regimen of IV 5-FU and SC rIFN-α-2b was well tolerated and induced durable partial response in 31% (5 of 16) of patients with HCC who had low levels of serum AFP and in those with 50% or less of liver replacement. In contrast, the treatment regimen was in effective in patients with HCC who had high levels of serum AFP or extensive liver disease.
Lack of effect of recombinant human growth hormone (GH) on muscle morphology and GH-insulin-like growth factor expression in resistance-trained elderly men.

Vastus lateralis muscle samples were obtained by needle biopsy from 18 healthy elderly men (65-82 yr) participating in a double blind, placebo (PL)-controlled trial of recombinant human GH (rhGH) and exercise and assessed for muscle morphology and skeletal muscle tissue expression of GH and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). Subjects initially underwent progressive resistance training for 14 weeks and were then randomized to receive either rhGH (0.02 mg/kg BW.day, sc) or PL while undertaking a further 10 weeks of training. Muscle samples were obtained at baseline and at 14 and 24 weeks. The mean (+/- SEM) cross-sectional areas of type I and II fibers were similar (type I, 3891 +/- 167 microns2; type II, 3985 +/- 200 microns2) at baseline and increased (P < 0.01) by 16.2 +/- 4.1% and 11.8 +/- 3.8%, respectively, after the initial 14-week training period. After treatment (weeks 14-24), two-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed a main effect of time for type I (P < 0.01) and type II fibers (P < 0.05), but no...
Production of Foetal Haemoglobin in Marrow Cultures of Human Adults

IN the usual conditions of marrow culture, haemoglobin synthesis is maintained for only short periods. Kraus (ref. 1 and personal communication) reported on a long-term bone marrow culture method maintained at less than 37° C. In experimenting with this technique, we observed increased foetal (α2γ2) haemoglobin synthesis in culturing adult marrows.
Predicting Positive Academic Intention Among African American Males and Females1

Significant attention has been given to the educational shortcomings of African American students. This study examined predictors of educational success among African American high school sophomores. It explored factors that predict differences in students’ academic intention to complete the school year, and how these factors differ by gender. The study was guided conceptually by the theory of planned behavior (TPB). We also assessed perceptions of self. Results indicated that most students had positive predispositions toward school-year completion, with females being more positively oriented toward academic success than males. The TPB's attitude component was the only predictor tested to operate differentially across gender. Having a positive attitude toward school was a significantly greater predictor of intention to complete the school year for males than for females.
The structure of inhomogeneous turbulence in variable density nonpremixed flames

Some observations concerning the structure of turbulence associated with an exothermic nonpremixed reacting flow are presented. Direct numerical simulations (DNS) with a resolution of 1283 grid points and an initial Reynolds number R λ=33 provide data for the analysis. In these simulations the density varies with temperature and the resulting flow field is inhomogeneous. Conditional probabilities of the vorticity and rate-of-strain, three-dimensional visualization, and topological characteristics are presented and compared with those of a constant density flow. Initially, thermal expansion causes significant changes in the small-scale statistics. As the development continues, the statistics reflect the competing mechanisms of vortex stretching, dilatation, and baroclinic torque. Preferential alignment of the vorticity with the eigenvector associated with either the intermediate or most extensional principal strain is observed depending on the value of the local mixture fraction. Intermittent vortex structures tend to exist as sheets or ribbons rather than tubes due to the diminishing levels of vorticity and a change in the distribution and preferential orientation of the principal strains. Topological characteristics not present in constant density flows are observed. However, as the flow develops and the divergence decreases, the topology becomes similar to those of incompressible turbulence.
Some Applications of Meteorological Probabilities

Abstract Selected definitions of probability are used as a basis to determine the versatility of meteorological probabilities in operational planning from unbroken weather data. A technique which employs their application with random numbers, in order to incorporate the data with related factors of omitted observations, is emphasized.
Developmental Aspects of Attachment Behavior in Young Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders

Objective The present study applied a continuous, clinically based rating system to compare predictions about attachment behavior in autism resulting from three different theoretical views and to characterize differences in attachment behavior of young autistic children.
Applications of Tactical Mobile Robot technology to urban search and rescue: lessons learned at the World Trade Center disaster

In the wake of the World Trade Center tragedy on Sept. 11th 2001, robots developed for the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's Tactical Mobile Robot program were used under the direction of CRASAR, the Center for Robot-Assisted Search and Rescue, to provide technical support to the relief effort. The TMR's (Tactical Mobile Robots) were used to search the disaster scene for casualties, locate victims, and assess building integrity. During the effort the Tactical Mobile Robots were presented with unprecedented obstacles and challenges. This paper serves to outline lessons learned at the WTC (World Trade Center) disaster and provide information for the development of more capable search and rescue robots.
Optimization of clustering criteria by reformulation

Various hard, fuzzy and possibilistic clustering criteria (objective functions) are useful as bases for a variety of pattern recognition problems. At present, many of these criteria have customized individual optimization algorithms. Because of the specialized nature of these algorithms, experimentation with new and existing criteria can be very inconvenient and costly in terms of development and implementation time. This paper shows how to reformulate some clustering criteria so that specialized algorithms can be replaced by general optimization routines found in commercially available software. We prove that the original and reformulated versions of each criterion are fully equivalent. Finally, two numerical examples are given to illustrate reformulation. >
Elder Brothers of the University: Early Vice Presidents in Late Nineteenth-Century Universities

If he may not be called the Father of the University of Illinois, he was at least its elder brother, intimately acquainted with its aims, character, and history, the depository of traditions, the friend, counselor, guide, and trusted confident of its successive presidents and of its trustees… long may he live in these halls and on this campus, in memory, in spirit, in example, and in gratitude and honor of all good men.
Measurements of compression creep of wood at humidity changes

Uniaxial compression creep tests of tubular spruce specimens loaded in uniaxial compression are reported. The relative humidity in the interior of the tube is varied in a controlled manner. The results indicate that creep is greatly increased in magnitude by simultaneous humidity changes of either sign.
Blood pressure and vasopressin in progressive autonomic failure. Response to postural stimulation, L-dopa and naloxone.

We showed previously that patients with progressive autonomic failure with multiple system atrophy (MSA) failed to excrete a water load while they were standing, suggesting abnormal postural regulation of vasopressin release. The rise of plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) with upright posture is modulated by central dopamine and opioid receptors. Patients with MSA may have depletion of brain dopamine and opioid peptides. We measured the plasma levels of AVP in patients with MSA and control subjects during postural stimulation by head-up tilt and the inhibition of this rise in AVP by L-DOPA (dopamine precursor) and naloxone (opiate antagonist). Since L-DOPA and naxolone can alleviate hypotension, we also studied the effects of these agents on orthostatic hypotension. Plasma AVP concentration of normal subjects rose progressively over90min of head-up tilt and this postural rise in AVP was abolished by L-DOPA and naloxone. Patients with MSA had similar levels of AVP while horizontal. However, they showed a severely blunted postural AVP response since their levels rose to only 10 per cent of the rise in the normal subjects despite the additional stimulus to AVP secretion of considerable postural hypotension. They also showed no inhibition of AVP secretion by L-DOPA or naloxone. Naloxone did not alter the blood pressure of either group. Although L-DOPA did not change the blood pressure of normal subjects, it lowered it in patients with MSA both while they were horizontal and tilted. In conclusion: (1) the postural stimulation of AVP release is blunted in MSA; (2) this postural rise in AVP is not inhibited by a dopamine agonist or opioid antagonist in MSA suggesting loss of dopaminergic and opioid pathways involved in AVP release; (3) endogenous opioids do not contribute to orthostatic hypotension in MSA; (4) patients with MSA are supersensitive to the hypotensive effects of an acute L-DOPA infusion.
Allen mouse brain atlases reveal different neural connection and gene expression patterns in cerebellum gyri and sulci

The recently released Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas provides a comprehensive mouse brain neuronal connectivity map from brain-wide injection sites via anterograde tracers coupled with serial two-photon tomography. In addition, the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas offers a genome-wide gene expression database built upon a series of in situ hybridization images, covering comprehensive expression energy of over 4,000 genes in coronal sections and over 20,000 genes in sagittal sections across the whole mouse brain. These concurrent and co-registered datasets provide an unparalleled opportunity for systematically analyzing and characterizing spatial neuronal connectivity and gene expression patterns. Inspired by our recent macroscale neuroimaging results showing that there are significantly different structural and functional connectivity patterns on the gyri and sulci of cerebral cortex in primate brains, the present work systematically examines the axonal connectivity and gene expression patterns on gyri and sulci of the cerebellum. Our results demonstrate that the cerebellum gyri and sulci of rodent brains are significantly different in both axonal connectivity and gene expression patterns. This discovery enriches and extends our prior findings in macroscale neuroimaging studies in primates. Additionally, this work offers novel insights on the molecular and structural architectures of the cerebellum in particular and the brain in general.
Human prostatic acid phosphatases: I. isolation

A new purification procedure is described for the human prostatic acid phosphatase. The procedure included carboxy-methyl-Sephadex and Concanavalin A affinity column chromatography. The purified enzyme has a high specific enzyme activity and is free from any extraneous proteins judging from immunochemical criteria and biochemical criteria such as SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme produced a monospecific anti-PAP antisera in animals and this anti-PAP antibody did not cross-react with other human acid phosphatases.
The outer structure of the Crab Nebula

Observations of the line emission from the Crab Nebula indicate a structure consisting of dense filaments from which thin clumpy sheets of gas fan out radially. The jet feature noted by van den Bergh (1970) is one of these sheets. The sheets may have been created by the differential acceleration of filaments, or they may be the result of the formation of the dense filaments by the Rayleigh-Taylor instability.
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Adults: Implications for Critical Care

Postoperative nausea and vomiting is a dreaded, uncomfortable, and unpleasant patient experience that is also a factor contributing to adverse outcomes in postoperative recovery. The key to management of this concern is to identify high-risk patients and to develop a systematic method of assessment, intervention, and evaluation within the perianesthesia care continuum. This discussion outlines the wide range of pharmacological and alternative therapies that are available in clinical practice with a case study to illustrate incorporation of these interventions in critically ill patients.
Demand and Supply: Trends in Global Agriculture

This paper is addressed to the broad question: can the global agricultural system satisfy rising demand for food and fibre to the year 2030 at ‘acceptable’ economic and environmental costs? Costs are understood to include those borne by people living between now and 2030, as well as those imposed on subsequent generations by management of the system between the 1990s and 2030. The paper is thus about the sustainability of the global agricultural system in the sense that one’s judgement of whether the system is sustainable would likely depend on whether the answer to the question about ‘acceptable’ costs is yes or no.
The Drosophila STAT protein, stat92E, regulates follicle cell differentiation during oogenesis.

Abstract Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are transcription factors that play a critical role in the response of a variety of eukaryotic cells to cytokine and growth factor signaling. In Drosophila, the STAT homolog encoded by the stat92E gene is required for the normal development of multiple tissues, including embryonic segmentation, imaginal discs, blood cells, male germ cells, and sex determination. We used multiple approaches to study the role of stat92E in oogenesis. Stat92E RNA expression is strongest in the differentiating follicle cells in the germarium, as determined by in situ hybridization. We generated an ethylmethane sulfonate-induced, temperature-sensitive allele, stat92EF, in which the mutant protein contains a P506S substitution, located in the DNA binding domain. At the restrictive temperature, mutant females are sterile. Mutant ovaries have multiple defects, including fused egg chambers and an absence of interfollicular stalks cells and functional polar follicle cells. An analysis of mosaic clones, using an apparent null stat92E allele, indicates that Stat92E is required in the polar/stalk follicle cell lineage. We conclude that stat92E is necessary for the early differentiation of follicle cells and for proper germ line cell encapsulation during Drosophila oogenesis.
In family planning service programmes ‘coordination’ is greatly overrated

> “We didn't get anything done this week. We were too busy coordinating.” > > Memo from Chinese family planning worker to his supervisor (2009) It has become almost axiomatic that family planning programmes should be coordinated and, to the extent possible, integrated with each other. I believe this is a mistake. The use of contraceptives in the developing world has accelerated astonishingly in the past 30 years and, while government programmes remain very important, contraceptives and contraceptive services are increasingly supplied through a large variety of independently managed, generally uncoordinated activities. Attempts to coordinate these efforts, however well intentioned, tend to weaken them. In most developing countries, particularly the poorest ones, couples get their contraceptives primarily from private sources. In Indonesia in 2007, for example, only 22% of modern method users relied on the public sector.1 The other 78%, over 20 million couples, got their family planning from midwives, pharmacies and non-pharmacy stores, including a social marketing programme that today serves 5 million couples. In Bangladesh, a slight majority, 57%, relied on public sources including government field workers in 2004, but the rest counted on pharmacies, shops and private clinics. In Cambodia (2005), modern method users relied on uncoordinated private sources 60% of the time. These included clinics, doctors, shops and community distributors. In the Dominican Republic (2002), more than half of the couples seeking birth control relied on the private sector. And in the Democratic Republic of Congo (2007), where usage is admittedly …
An Unusual Explanation for Episodic Dyspnea

An 88-year-old woman with a nonischemic cardiomyopathy, severe kyphoscoliosis, and an implantable cardiac defibrillator presented from her nursing home with dyspnea and hypoxemia. She had several recent hospitalizations for similar symptoms that were attributed to heart failure and pneumonia. On the day of presentation, she had severe dyspnea while eating breakfast. In the emergency department, her physical examination was remarkable for an oxygen saturation of 94% on 100% nonrebreather mask, which was minimally changed from baseline pulse oximetry on room air. Laboratory evaluation was notable …
The effect of iodinated casein on the basal metabolism of the sheep

1. The effect of iodinated casein feeding on the respiratory metabolism of the female sheep has been studied, using a spirometer technique with direct analysis of expired air. 2. The effect of iodinated casein on basal metabolism was linearly related to the dosage expressed in mg./kg. W 0·73 . The effect on pulse rate was not linear: there was a greater acceleration at the higher levels.
An extension to the Kyle theory for determining particle concentration by statistics

Abstract Kyle's theory relating aerosol concentration to the statistical parameters of a detected signal (e.g. pulse of scattered light) has been modified to allow for non-uniform signal increments from individual particles in the sensitive volume of the aerosol. The modified theory contains a correction factor, related to the mean and mean square signal increments, which depends on the properties of the detection system. Correction factors have been determined for the G.E. condensation nuclei counter using a computer simulation technique. For a given set of experimental data, concentrations based on the modified theory are 40–45 % greater than those based on Kyle's theory.
Yield enhancement of 3D flash devices through broadband brightfield inspection of the channel hole process module

The migration to a 3D implementation for NAND flash devices is seen as the leading contender to replace traditional planar NAND architectures. However the strategy of replacing shrinking design rules with greater aspect ratios is not without its own set of challenges. The yield-limiting defect challenges for the planar NAND front end were primarily bridges, protrusions and residues at the bottom of the gates, while the primary challenges for front end 3D NAND is buried particles, voids and bridges in the top, middle and bottom of high aspect ratio structures. Of particular interest are the yield challenges in the channel hole process module and developing an understanding of the contribution of litho and etch defectivity for this challenging new integration scheme. The key defectivity and process challenges in this module are missing, misshapen channel holes or under-etched channel holes as well as reducing noise sources related to other none yield limiting defect types and noise related to the process integration scheme. These challenges are expected to amplify as the memory density increases. In this study we show that a broadband brightfield approach to defect monitoring can be uniquely effective for the channel hole module. This approach is correlated to end-of-line (EOL) Wafer Bin Map for verification of capability.
Multi-axis interferometer system for vibration measurement with oblique angles

This paper reports an experiment that demonstrated the functionality of a commercial heterodyne interferometer with an oblique-angle fold mirror in the laser feed path. The key issue investigated is whether the oblique angle fold mirrors introduce unacceptable levels of polarization mixing. The manufacture's specifications recommend that only orthogonal fold mirrors be used to control polarization mixing. However, this constraint limits the use of the interferometer for applications such as the measurement of structural dynamics. In the experiment, an orthogonally-fed interferometer was compared to an oblique angle interferometer at roughly 45°. The result indicated a linear relationship between the two measurements to within 0.5 percent. As a result, no evidence of the λ/2 wavelength sinusoidal bias characteristic of polarization mixing errors was found. A 9 percent error did however exist between the intended and observed scaling between the two measurements. While hardware alignment errors are a likely cause of this disagreement, a third axis of measurement is recommended for future investigations.
Incremental boundary evaluation using inference of edge classifications

An incremental boundary-evaluation algorithm that exploits adjacency information in B-reps to minimize the number of explicit edge classifications required is presented. Evaluations of the implemented algorithm show that it performs reliably and well, although global optimization schemes could increase performance significantly. The steps of the algorithm, which include self-edge partitioning, cross-edge self-edge (CESE) classification, inference of self-edge classifications, and checking for split and merged shells, are discussed. >
Cell-specific role for ε- and βI-protein kinase C isozymes in protecting cortical neurons and astrocytes from ischemia-like injury

Activation of epsilon protein kinase C (epsilonPKC) has been shown to protect cardiac myocytes against ischemia and reperfusion injury. However, the role of PKC in ischemic brain injury is less well defined. Western blot analysis of murine neurons and astrocytes in primary culture demonstrated epsilon- and betaIPKC expression in both cell types. Activation of epsilonPKC increased in neuronal cultures in response to the ischemia-like insult of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Isozyme-specific peptide activators or inhibitors of PKC were applied at various times before, during and after the OGD period. Neuron-astrocyte mixed cultures pretreated with a selective epsilonPKC activator peptide showed a significant reduction in neuronal injury after OGD and reperfusion, compared to cultures pretreated with control peptide. The epsilonPKC activator peptide counteracted the increased damage induced by pretreatment with the epsilonPKC-selective inhibitor peptide in relatively pure neuronal cultures subjected to OGD. Neither epsilonPKC activator nor inhibitor peptides affected injury of neurons when applied after OGD onset. In contrast, the betaIPKC-selective inhibitor peptide increased injury in astrocyte cultures exposed to OGD at all application times tested. Our data demonstrate protection of neurons by selective activation of epsilonPKC but enhanced astrocyte cell death with selective inhibition of betaIPKC. Thus PKC isozymes exhibit cell type-specific effects on ischemia-like injury.
On the number of planets in the outer solar system: Evidence of a substantial population of 1000-km bodies

Where have all the Tritons gone, long time ago? A natural consequence of the accumulation stage of planetary formation is the scattering of planetesimals during the accretion epoch. In the outer Solar System, such scattering contributed to the formation of the Oort cloud (with an orbital semimajor axis distribution 103 < a < 5 < 104 AU) and the Kuiper disk (30 < a < 500 AU). We suggest here that in addition to comets, a potentially large number of planetary bodies in the size class near 1000 km may have also been scattered into the Kuiper disk and Oort cloud. This hypothesis implies that the present population of planets in the outer Solar System is much larger than previously recognized. To support this claim, we present calculations showing that the large tilts of Uranus and Neptune, the capture of Triton, and the formation of the Pluto-Charon binary each argue for the past presence of numerous 1000-km bodies in 20–50 AU region. We then summarize arguments that scattering dominated other loss processes for these objects, leading to the conclusion that many of these bodies should presently be located beyond the “regular” planetary system. Finally, we examine the detection prospects for such bodies, and compare the existing observational constraints to our model predictions of the number of such bodies in the region between 30 and 500 AU from the Sun.
THE TEMPERATURE RESPONSE OF A METALLIC ROD NEAR A STEAM EXPLOSION

Abstract This communication presents the results of a series of experiments designed to investigate anomalous thermal responses of metallic bars subjected to rapid local cooling. Heating to 150 °C and subsequent rapid cooling of one end of a copper bar resulted in a temporal increase in the temperature of the other end of the bar of about 4 °C. Similar behavior was observed for other metallic bars, namely steel, aluminum, and brass. We will refer to this effect as “Heating Through Cooling”. The physics of this phenomena appears to be similar to the process called a “steam explosion”.
Method development for Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography

Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography is useful technique for the separation of a variety of analytes. Because it is somewhat different in theory and application than conventional forms of chromatography, method development can present a challenge. A rational and systematic approach to method development is presented in this report, following the basic sequence of a tutorial presented at the recent International Symposium on Chromatography in Leipzig. This approach follows a flow chart scheme and recognition of common migration patients to suggest the path to an optimum separation.
Maya saints and souls in a changing world

Preface Note on the Pronunciation of Mam Words Part One. Past and Present 1. Introduction 2. Santiago Chimaltenango Part Two. Saints and Souls 3. The Conventions of Community 4. The Conventions of Morality 5. The Conventions of Responsibility Part Three. A Changing World 6. From Livelihood to Labor 7. The Struggle for Sovereignty 8. A Quest for Meaning 9. Conclusion Notes Glossary References Index
Overview and quality assurance for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) oral health component, 1999-2002.

Abstract – The Oral Health Component of the 1999–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a collaborative effort between the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Oral Health (NCCDPHP/DOH), and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). The current NHANES is designed as a continuous survey with data released on a 2-year cycle to represent the civilian, non-institutionalized population of the US. Oral health data are currently available for 8082 and 9010 persons aged ≥2 years who participated in the 1999–2000 and 2001–2002 NHANES, respectively. This article provides background information on previous national examination surveys with oral health content. It also provides general analytical considerations, oral health content information, and evaluations of data quality in terms of examiner reliability statistics (percent agreements, kappa, and correlation coefficients) for the 1999–2002 NHANES Oral Health Component.
IDENTIFYING THE GLOBAL PRO‐TRADE CONSUMER

This article examines the extent to which there is a global pro‐trade consumer segment that cuts across levels of economic development. This study, involving two different methodological techniques, identifies and profiles the pro‐trade consumer segments in four countries representing two developed/developing nation pairs, using demographic variables, intrapersonal variables and global marketplace variables. The results demonstrate that there is an intermarket pro‐trade segment among consumers, which can be described by a common set of indicators with a fair degree of accuracy.
The January Thaw at New Brunswick, NJ

Abstract An investigation of the January thaw phenomenon, a period of unseasonable warmth, was conducted using daily maximum temperatures recorded at New Brunswick, New Jersey, from 1858–1981. Student's t-tests, comparing long-term means of daily maximum temperature to values from a fitted seasonal trend curve, indicate temperatures higher on 22–23 January and lower on the 29th than seasonally expected. It was found that the January thaw does not have a fixed time of occurrence but occurs most frequently from the 19th to the 28th. During this time the interannual variability of daily maximum temperature is significantly higher than during the remainder of the month. Evidence of a tendency for a secondary thaw maximum to occur, centered on the 26th, is evident in several different analyses. Examination of daily temperature curves for 10-, 20- and 40-year periods reveals a shift in the mean thaw date from 22–23 January to the 26th. This change has evolved over the last 30–40 years. It was concluded that the...
Modeling dissolution and spreading of Bi–Sn alloy drops on a Bi substrate

Abstract A dissolutive wetting model is employed to study the dynamics of axisymmetric Bi–Sn alloy drops spreading on Bi. The liquid drop surface is assumed to be a spherical cap, while the isothermal model for solute transport with simplified hydrodynamics computes the evolution of the solid–liquid interface. Simulations are performed on a millimeter scale to model experiments. The evolution of the drop radius, the flow and solute concentration profiles near the triple junction, the contact line mobility relationship, the apparent contact angles and the shape of the dissolution boundary during spreading are investigated as functions of initial Sn concentration, model parameters and initial conditions. Good agreement is obtained when compared with the experiments for the cases where diffusion is the dominant transport mode. The shape of the solid–liquid interface is predicted better when the initial experimentally determined dissolution boundary is implemented as the starting point of the subsequent simulation.
Evaluation of Monte Carlo Electron-Transport Algorithms in the Integrated Tiger Series Codes for Stochastic-Media Simulations

Stochastic-media simulations require numerous boundary crossings. We consider two Monte Carlo electron transport approaches and evaluate accuracy with numerous material boundaries. In the condensed-history method, approximations are made based on infinite-medium solutions for multiple scattering over some track length. Typically, further approximations are employed for material-boundary crossings where infinite-medium solutions become invalid. We have previously explored an alternative "condensed transport" formulation, a Generalized Boltzmann-Fokker-Planck GBFP method, which requires no special boundary treatment but instead uses approximations to the electron-scattering cross sections. Some limited capabilities for analog transport and a GBFP method have been implemented in the Integrated Tiger Series (ITS) codes. Improvements have been made to the condensed history algorithm. The performance of the ITS condensed-history and condensed-transport algorithms are assessed for material-boundary crossings. These assessments are made both by introducing artificial material boundaries and by comparison to analog Monte Carlo simulations.
Theoretical Determination of the Redox Potentials of NRH:Quinone Oxidoreductase 2 Using Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Mechanical Simulations

NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2) is a flavoenzyme that catalyzes a one-step two-electron reduction of quinones. During this enzyme catalysis, the 7,8-dimethyl isoalloxazine (flavin) ring of the enzyme-bound cofactor, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), shuttles between reduced and oxidized states as the enzyme passes through multiple cycles of binding/release of alternate substrates. These redox changes in NQO2, however, lead to unequal charge separation between the flavin ring and the active site, which must be stabilized by reorganization of the surrounding protein matrix. In this study, we have used a combined quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical method to simulate the electron and proton addition reactions of the flavin-bound NQO2. We have computed the redox potentials and pKa’s of the enzyme-bound flavin. The present work demonstrates that upon reduction, the NQO2 active site stabilizes the flavin anionic hydroquinone state. Simulation data has also allowed quantitative estimation of the electro...
Enhanced susceptibility of photosynthesis to high leaf temperature in triazine-resistant Solanum nigrum L. Evidence for photosystem II D1 protein site of action

Abstract We have used nuclearly isogenic lines of Solanum nigrum , that differ genetically in the triazine-resistance trait, to investigate the mechanistic basis for the greater susceptibility of photosynthesis in resistant biotypes to elevated leaf temperature. Based on measurement of CO 2 -dependent oxygen evolution by leaf discs, of electron transfer partial reactions in isolated thylakoid membranes, and of chlorophyll fluorescence induction parameters of both leaves and thylakoid membranes, we conclude that: (1) The single base substitution in the chloroplast psb A gene that is responsible for triazine resistance is almost certainly also responsible for the decreased tolerance to high temperature; (2) The high temperature-induced inhibition of photosynthesis in the resistant biotype is caused by an inhibition of electron transfer between the primary and secondary quinone acceptors of photosystem II; (3) The enhanced temperature susceptibility is likely to be a significant contributing factor in the competitive disadvantage of triazine-resistant biotypes.
Albumin permeability times surface area (PS) product of peritubular capillaries in kidney

La permeabilite a l'albumine des vaisseaux capillaires fut caracterisee par le produit PS deRenkin. Cette mesure fut obtenue par une analyse dynamique de la quantite d'albumine contenue dans les interstices de la zone corticale du rein.
Prognostic expectations and outcome of brief therapy.

This research explored the role of prognostic expectations in outcome of brief therapy for 47 recipients of community mental health services. Contrary to previous research, correlational analyses indicated that generally lower expectations of improvement were associated with more favorable outcomes. These data further intimate the complexity of the clients' expectancy.
Cyclosporine induced syngeneic graft‐vs‐host disease: An immunotherapeutic approach after autologous bone marrow transplantation

Cyclosporine (CsA) treatment following autologous and/or syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) results in the induction of an autoimmune syndrome similar to graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic BMT. This autoimmune process which generally occurs 14–28 days following discontinuation of CsA treatment is termed syngeneic GVHD. We evaluated if syngeneic GVHD could provide an immunotherapeutic advantage to eliminate residual tumor cells after autologous/syngeneic BMT in a rat myeloma model. The results indicated that syngeneic GVHD did provide an anti-tumor effect in this rat model and could be potentiated by administration of recombinant gamma interferon. Based on these results several clinical trials have been initiated.
A quantitative gas chromatographic determination of ethosuximide based on N-butylation.

Abstract A gas chromatographic procedure has been developed for the routine determination of the anticonvulsant, ethosuximide, in serum. Volatile butyl derivatives for gas chromatography were prepared by the method of R.H. Greeley (J. Chromatogr., 88 (1974) 229) using butyl iodide as the alkylating agent. This procedure yielded stable derivatives with improved chromatographic qualities over those obtained by methylation and proved superior to both on-column alkylation with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide and to silylation. The analysis requires 0.5 ml of serum and the between run precision of the assay at 40 μg/ml was 3.3%.
Wear and corrosion performance of metallurgical coatings in sodium

Abstract In this paper we review the friction, wear and corrosion performance of several metallurgical coatings in sodium in the temperature range 200–650 °C. Emphasis is placed on those coatings which have successfully passed the qualification tests necessary for acceptance in breeder reactor environments. The tests included friction, wear, corrosion, thermal cycling, self-welding and irradiation exposure under service conditions which were as near as possible to those in the prototype breeder reactor. The materials tested were coatings of various refractory metal carbides in metallic binders, nickel-base and cobalt-base alloys and intermetallic compounds such as aluminides and borides. The coating processes evaluated included plasma spraying, detonation gun, sputtering, spark deposition and solid state diffusion.
Cyclometalated iridium and platinum complexes as singlet oxygen photosensitizers: quantum yields, quenching rates and correlation with electronic structures

Photophysical properties are reported for a series of cyclometalated platinum and iridium complexes that can serve as photosensitizers for singlet oxygen. The complexes have the formula (C^N)2Ir(O^O) or (C^N)Pt(O^O) where C^N is a monoanionic cyclometalating ligand such as 2-(phenyl)pyridyl and 2-(phenyl)quinolyl, and O^O is the ancillary ligand acetylacetonate (acac) or dipivaloylmethane (dpm). Also examined were a series of (N^N)PtMe2 complexes where N^N is a diimine such as 2,2′-bipyridyl. In general, the cyclometalated complexes are excellent photosensitizers for the production of singlet oxygen, while the (N^N)PtMe2 complexes were ineffective at this reaction. Quantum yields of singlet oxygen production range from 0.9–1.0 for the cyclometalated Pt complexes and 0.5–0.9 for Ir complexes. Luminescence quenching and singlet oxygen formation of the Ir complexes occurs from a combination of electron and energy transfer processes, whereas the Pt complexes only react by energy transfer. For Ir complexes with low emission energy, physical deactivation of the triplet excited state becomes competitive with energy transfer to ground state dioxygen. The rates of singlet oxygen quenching for the complexes presented here are in the range 6 × 106–2 × 107 M−1 s−1 for Pt complexes and 2 × 105–2 × 107 M−1 s−1 for Ir complexes, respectively. Differences in the efficiency of both forming and quenching singlet oxygen between the Ir and Pt cyclometalates are believed to come about from the more exposed coordination geometry in the latter species.
Regional assignment of the human DNA repair gene (XRCC4L) to the 5q13-q14 boundary by in situ hybridization.

Human chromosomes carrying genes that complement DNA repair deficiencies in rodent mutant cells have been identified using somatic cell genetic techniques. Recently, several ionizing radiation-sensitive rodent mutants have been isolated. Some of these mutants are deficient in the rejoining of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks. The hamster DNA DSB repair-deficient mutants have been assigned to at least three genetic complementation groups. However, the genetic relationship, if any, between the mouse and the hamster DNA DSB repair-deficient mutants has not been well established. The genes involved in radiation sensitivity have been designated human X-ray repair cross complementing genes (XRCC). One of the DNA DSB repair-deficient complementation groups, CHO mutant XR-1, has been well characterized, and the human gene that complements the radiation sensitivity of mutant XR-1 cells has been designated XRCC4. The mouse DNA DSB repair-deficient cell line, M10, may belong to the same complementation group as XR-1. Therefore, the human gene that complements the radiation sensitivity of mutant M10 cells has been designated XRCC4L. 7 refs., 1 fig.