cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tandem repeated irritation test (TRIT) studies and clinical relevance: Post 2006

Background/Aims: Single or multiple applications of irritants can lead to occupational contact dermatitis, and most commonly irritant contact dermatitis (ICD). Tandem irritation, the sequential application of two irritants to a target skin area, has been studied using the Tandem Repeated Irritation Test (TRIT) to provide a more accurate representation of skin irritation. Objective: Here we present an update to Kartono's review on tandem irritation studies since 2006. Methods: We surveyed the literature available on PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and the UCSF Dermatology library databases since 2006. Results and discussion: The studies included discuss the tandem effects of common chemical irritants, organic solvents, occlusion as well as clinical relevance - and enlarge our ability to discern whether multiple chemical exposures are more or less likely to enhance irritation.
Atom Trap Trace Analysis of Rare Noble Gas Isotopes

Abstract Ultrasensitive analysis of long-lived rare isotopes is performed in a broad range of scientific and technological fields. Based on the technologies of laser trapping and cooling, Atom Trap Trace Analysis (ATTA) is a method capable of analyzing trace isotopes with an isotopic abundance at and below the parts-per-trillion (10 −12 ) level. ATTA has enabled us to measure radiokrypton isotopes 81 Kr (half-life = 229,000 yr, atmospheric isotopic abundance =1×10 −12 ) and 85 Kr (10.8 yr, 10 −11 ) in environmental samples. The cosmogenic 81 Kr is the ideal tracer for dating water and ice in the age range of 10 5 -10 6 years, a range beyond the reach of radiocarbon dating. Using the current generation instrument (ATTA-2), 81 Kr-dating was performed to determine the ages of the old groundwater in the Nubian Aquifer located underneath the Sahara Desert. However, due to the low trap loading efficiency of 10 −4 , a sample of >1000 liters of water was required for each groundwater measurement, making the method cumbersome for routine scientific applications. Recent developments in our laboratory have made it possible to further improve both the counting rate and counting efficiency of the ATTA method. The more advanced ATTA instruments currently under development are expected to find applications in environmental science, earth science, nuclear waste management, nuclear non-proliferation, as well as basic research in nuclear and particle physics. Future development in pulsed VUV lasers may push the ATTA technique further towards perfection.
System Requirements for Low-Earth-Orbit Launch Using Laser Propulsion

The use of ground-based lasers to launch small payloads but large total masses into low-Earth orbit may prove to be the most innovative and potentially economical approach for accomplishing this important mission. Of the several possible schemes for laser propulsion, two are examined: (1) ablative momentum transfer using pulsed lasers; and (2) heat exchanger thrusters in conjunction with CW lasers. For an entry-level payload of {approximately}50 kg it is found that the former yields payload-to-power ratios < 0.5 kg/MW with a requirement for an average laser power of at least 100 MW, whereas the latter might yield 1 to 3 kg/MW with a laser power of several 10s of MW. One of the promising approaches that could yield a driver for such a system is the reactor-pumped laser FALCON, which scales to these power levels with the potential for long run times.
Stochastics of Energy Loss and Biological Effects of Heavy Ions in Radiation Therapy

Abstract Energy loss functions for protons and Carbon ions (not including fragmentation) are calculated with convolutions. For C-ions a treatment dose D = 2 Gy at the Bragg peak needs only ten ions traversing a cell of area 100 μm2. Therefore the use of a mean particle fluence per cell ND rather than D is used to assess the primary source of stochastic effects. The stochastics of specific energy z are calculated. It shows large variations because the particle fluence per cell as well as the energy spectrum of the ions have large variations. A new interpretation of the relation between energy deposition and cell survival must be found.
Nasal Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation Versus Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Before and After Invasive Ventilatory Support

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), noninvasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), and heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHFNC) are modes of noninvasive respiratory support used in neonatal practice. These modes of noninvasive respiratory support may obviate mechanical ventilation, prevent extubation failure, and reduce the risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Although the physiologic bases of CPAP and HHFNC are well delineated, and their modes and practical application consistent, those of NIPPV are unproven and varied. Available evidence suggests that NIPPV is superior to CPAP as a primary and postextubation respiratory support in preterm infants.
The difficult to transplant patient: Challenges and opportunities

Abstract With a rising number of children with advanced heart failure coexistent with advances in mechanical circulatory support (MCS) and medical therapies for heart failure, there is an increase in patients being considered for orthotopic heart transplant (OHT). Given the changing population of potential candidates and the limited supply of donor organs, identification of those children at highest risk for poor post-transplant outcomes is imperative, as are targeted therapies. Recent advances in the use of MCS and an improved understanding of the lymphatic system offer promising options for improved care. This article will review heart transplant as a therapy for end stage heart disease, those characteristics which make patients high risk candidates for OHT, and emerging therapies for those patients who are at the highest risk of poor post-transplant outcomes.
Fast Iterative Interpolated Beamforming for Interference DOA Estimation in GNSS Receivers Using Fully Augmentable Arrays

In this paper, we present an efficient strategy for satellite signal acquisition in the presence of strong interferences. A GNSS receiver equipped with a fully augmentable non-uniform linear array is assumed. The interference directions-of-arrival (DOAs) are estimated using a low-complexity and accurate Fourier-based approach. Interference suppression is then performed by placing nulls in the estimated directions. Using simulated data, the performance of the proposed scheme is compared with that of beamforming, root-MUSIC algorithm, and Minimum Output Power polynomial rooting method in terms of execution time, DOA estimation accuracy, and output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio.
Cloud Based Elevator Diagnostics System

Abstract - Elevators are used immensely across the world from the tallest buildings to even personal use in homes. The most important aspect of an elevator control system is ensuring the safety of the person on the elevator. If the system senses even the smallest error, it will stop operating until a technician comes out and diagnoses the issue. To diagnose the issue, a diagnostic device is used with a computer in it that contains pre-coded software to identify the issue. If the technician was aware of the issue before they came out to the scene, they could be more prepared to fix the issue. It would also save them time and get the elevator back up and running more quickly. For this project, We have designed and implemented a cloud-based software system that allows the technician to be aware of the problem before they arrive to the scene. We have analyzed elevator control systems, as well as multiple diagnostics tools and techniques. We utilized embedded hardware that communicates with a cloud-based database and a web application. The web application is what the front-end user sees so that they can diagnose errors within their elevators more efficiently. The results were reported after testing the system, and showed that if elevator companies incorporated this technology, it would save them time, money, and increase efficiency.
ROLE OF SCN5A MUTATION T512I IN YOUNG PATIENT WITH RIGHT VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA AND CARDIOMYOPATHY

Mutations in the cardiac sodium channel gene SCN5A are associated with congenital arrhythmia syndromes, like long QT and Brugada syndromes. The role of SCN5A mutation T512I in ventricular tachycardia and right ventricular cardiomyopathy is unclear. A 26 year-old woman had ventricular tachycardia (
Through to Gold

The purpose of this garment is to display the drastic contrast in painting styles and ideologies of Italian Art seen between the Dark Ages (500-1000AD), rooted in spiritual iconography and flat compositions, to the Renaissance or “Golden Age” (1271-1600AD) of humanism, with realistic painting techniques. Primary research was conducted at Pinacoteca di Brera in Milan, Italy. Crivelli’s (1488) Madonna of the Candeletta served as the main source of silhouette and beading inspiration. The asymmetric design was achieved through draping techniques. Asymmetric elements include a tailored sleeve on the right side and added fullness with tulle on the left side of the garment. A stiff polyester satin was selected for the main dress and sleeve to create a powerful stance against the soft gathered tulle. Hand beading was completed on the skirt trickling up the bodice by threading each bead on in the pattern interpreted from Crivelli’s painting.
Mhealth interventions to improve health and quality of life related outcomes for informal dementia caregivers: A scoping review

The devastating effects of dementia extend to the health and well-being of informal dementia caregivers. The physical and mental requirements of serving as a dementia caregiver are evidenced in the...
Young athletes after ACL reconstruction with asymmetric quadriceps strength at the time of return-to-sport clearance demonstrate drop-landing asymmetries two years later.

Abstract Background Quadriceps strength asymmetry at the time of return-to-sport (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) contributes to altered landing mechanics. However, the impact of RTS quadriceps strength on longitudinal alterations in landing mechanics, a risk factor for poor knee joint health over time, is not understood. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that young athletes with quadriceps strength asymmetry at the time of RTS clearance after ACLR would demonstrate asymmetric landing mechanics 2 years later compared to those without quadriceps strength asymmetry. Methods We followed 57 young athletes (age at RTS = 17.6 ± 3.0 years; 77% females) with primary, unilateral ACLR for 2 years following RTS clearance. At RTS, we measured isometric quadriceps strength bilaterally and calculated limb-symmetry indices [LSI = (involved/uninvolved)×100%]. Using RTS quadriceps LSI, we divided participants into High-Quadriceps (HQ; LSI ≥ 90%) and Low-Quadriceps (LQ; LSI Results The LQ group (n = 26) demonstrated greater asymmetry (lower LSI) during landing at 2 years post-RTS for knee flexion excursion (p = 0.016) and peak vertical ground reaction force (p = 0.006) compared to the HQ group (n = 28). There were no group differences in uninvolved or involved limb values for all variables (all p > 0.093). Conclusion Young athletes after ACLR with quadriceps strength asymmetry at the time of RTS favored the uninvolved limb during DVJ landing 2 years later. These landing asymmetries may relate to long-term knee joint health after ACLR.
Phosphorene-based nanosensor for lung cancer detection

Motivated by previous successes in the development of two-dimensional (2D) based electronic nose, we investigate the potential application of metal-decorated phosphorene-based sensor for detection of formaldehyde using density functional theory (DFT) and nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) methods. The most stable adsorption configurations, adsorption sites, adsorption energies, charge transfer, and electronic properties of formaldehyde on the pristine and Pd-decorated phosphorene are studied. Our results indicate that formaldehyde is chemisorbed on Pd-decorated phosphorene via strong covalent bonds, and quick recovery time (3.58 sec) under UV exposure and at the temperature of 350 K, suggesting its potential application for gas sensors. The results reveal that Pd-decorated phosphorene can detect formaldehyde with high sensitivity of 3.8 times greater than pristine phosphorene. Our results demonstrate the potential application of phosphorene for detection of formaldehyde as an important lung cancer biomarker.
The Occurrence of Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola in Northern Georgia Wild and Captive Snake Populations

Ophidiomycosis, or snake fungal disease, is an emerging wildlife disease caused by the Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola fungus. The fungus can result in high mortality rates among infected snakes and has been documented across much of the eastern US, including southern Georgia. However, little is known about ophidiomycosis in northern Georgia. We surveyed wild snake populations in five counties of northern Georgia between March 2019 and March 2020 and swabbed captured snakes (n=27) for the presence of O. ophiodiicola DNA. We followed similar sampling protocols with a group of captive snakes (n=6) at the Elachee Nature Center in Hall County, Georgia. Quantitative PCR confirmed the presence of O. ophiodiicola DNA in 33% (11/33) of snakes. Eight of the confirmed positive samples were collected from wild snakes (30%, 8/27) across our sample region, while three were from our captive group (50%, 3/6). Our results indicated that O. ophiodiicola is present in wild snake populations in northern Georgia, and the pathogen is present in seemingly healthy captive snakes. This knowledge is critical for conservation and management efforts, but more research is needed to fully understand ophidiomycosis and its effect on snake populations in the region.
Theory of an art market scandal: artistic integrity and financial speculation in the Inigo Philbrick case

Focusing on the case of Inigo Philbrick and his alleged fraudulent overselling of artworks by Rudolf Stingel, we offer a new theory of art market scandal that builds upon Alexander’s framework of the pure and impure, and Adut’s concept of transgressive publicity. We argue that the presence of an art market creates latent impurity, according to the Hostile Worlds conception of markets as an impurification of art. The further financialization of an artwork into shares redoubles money’s impurification of art by creating what we term a financial simulacrum. Philbrick’s case allows us to expand Adut’s theory from mapping an art scandal of moral decency to conceptualizing an art market scandal of financial transgression. We argue that financial transgression—as enabled by the increased securitization of art—depends on the persona of the art dealer as intermediary, a projection that is itself a simulacrum. Thus, we frame Philbrick archetypally as hydroponic, validated, novel yet neutral, and self-pardoning. Drawing on interviews of expert insiders and close reading of court documents and press articles, we contribute a model of art market scandal that encompasses the dual artistic and financial nature of traded artworks and the shared art-industry risk of regulation.
Microstructural basis for improved corrosion resistance of laser surface processed AZ31 Mg alloy

Abstract Despite their excellent strength-to-weight ratio, wider use of magnesium (Mg) alloys for light-weight applications is limited by their poor corrosion resistance, especially in chloride-containing environments. The present study shows improved corrosion resistance imparted by laser surface processing (LSP) of a commercial AZ31 (Mg-3Al-1Zn) alloy. Nanosecond laser processing at three different power settings was carried out on the surface of a 1-mm-thick rolled AZ31 sheet. Electrochemical studies and salt spray testing (ASTM B117) indicate substantial enhancement of corrosion resistance in LSP-treated AZ31. The underlying reasons behind improved corrosion resistance of the LSP-AZ31 surface have been studied through detailed microstructural characterization and chemical analysis by SEM, TEM, and XPS. Formation of a ∼0.5 μm thick mixed metal (Mg, Al) oxide surface film, together with refinement in the size and number density of Al-Mn intermetallic particles, are shown to play a major role toward improved corrosion resistance after LSP treatment of the AZ31 alloy.
“Lessons Learned” Preventing Recurrent Ischemic Strokes through Secondary Prevention Programs: A Systematic Review

Recurrent ischemic strokes are a cause of significant healthcare burdens globally. Patients with uncontrolled vascular risk factors are more likely to develop recurrent ischemic strokes. This study aims to compile information gained from current secondary prevention programs. A pre-defined literature search strategy was applied to PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and Google Scholar databases, and studies from 1997 to 2020 were evaluated for quality, study aims, and outcomes. The search produced 1175 articles (1092 after duplicates were removed) and titles were screened; 55 titles were retained for the full-text analysis. Of the remaining studies, 31 were retained for assessment, five demonstrated long-term effectiveness, eight demonstrated short-term effectiveness, and 18 demonstrated no effectiveness. The successful studies utilized a variety of different techniques in the categories of physical fitness, education, and adherence to care plans to reduce the risk of recurrent strokes. The lessons we learned from the current prevention programs included (1) offer tailored care for underserved groups, (2) control blood pressure, (3) provide opportunities for medication dosage titration, (4) establish the care plan prior to discharge, (5) invest in supervised exercise programs, (6) remove barriers to accessing care in low resource settings, and (7) improve the transition of care.
Accleration of autooxidation of human oxyhemoglobin by aniline and its relation to hemoglobin-catalyzed aniline hydroxylation.

Changes in the ultraviolet/visible spectrum of human oxyferrohemoglobin upon addition of aniline were indicative of a concentration-dependent interaction of aniline with hemoglobin, resulting in accelerated autooxidation of the hemoprotein. Oxygen was found to markedly inhibit this interaction of aniline with oxyhemoglobin. The dependence of the rate of autooxidation on aniline concentration followed saturation kinetics and showed a half-maximal response at 8 mM aniline. This value is equal to the value of Km for aniline as substrate for the O2-dependent, hemoglobin-catalyzed hydroxylation reaction which yields p-aminophenol (Mieyal, J. J., Ackerman, R.S., Blumer, J.L., and Freeman, L.S. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 241, 3436-3441). Thus, an aniline-oxyhemoglobin complex is implicated in the overall catalytic reaction. No detectable p-aminophenol was formed when aniline was combined with oxyhemoglobin in the absence of an electron donor, but hydroxylation of aniline does occur when NADPH, NADPH plus P-450 reductase, or Na2S2O4 are also added.
Community Genetics Applications for Forest Biodiversity and Policy: Planning for the Future

In many ecosystems, the genetic variation within foundation tree species drive key ecological processes. Here we present four key findings from community genetics research that can be applied to the preservation of forest biodiversity and improvement of management policy. (1) Different tree genotypes support different communities and different ecosystem processes; (2) primary productivity is, in part, genetically-based and is linked to biodiversity; (3) with changing climate, gene by environment interactions will affect forests and their dependent communities; and (4) minimum viable interacting population theory and analyses of species interaction networks provide a framework for integrating genetics into each of the above topics. Inclusion of community genetics in forest management is important because species evolve, exist, and interact within the context of a community. This approach allows for the creation of policies that are less susceptible to pitfalls inherit to single species management. Specific policy suggestions include the incorporation of a community genetics perspective in federally-funded reforestation and restoration projects, the use of non-local genotypes where climate change is predicted, and the development of provenance trials in a community context to identify superior genotypes and mixes of genotypes that will perform best in a changing environment. Such amendments to policy would unite the efforts of research, production, and conservation to maximize tax-payer investment.
HNA-3a-specific antibodies recognize choline transporter-like protein-2 peptides containing arginine, but not glutamine at Position 154.

Antibodies specific for the white blood cell antigen HNA-3a are particularly prone to cause severe, often fatal transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI),1–3 but it has not been possible to screen blood donors routinely for anti-HNA-3a because it is impractical to use neutrophils for antibody detection, and although the HNA-3a/b antigen system was described almost 50 years ago,4 its molecular properties were unknown. We recently showed that HNA-3a, previously thought to be neutrophil-specific, is also expressed on T and B lymphocytes and platelets (PLTs) and is carried on choline transporter–like protein-2 (CTL2) encoded by the gene SLC44A2.5 Genomewide association studies and sequencing of DNA from individuals typed serologically for HNA-3a/b demonstrated a tight association between a predicted amino acid polymorphism (R154Q) in CTL2 and HNA-3a antigen expression.5 Similar findings were reported independently by Greinacher and colleagues.6 However, neither of these studies provided direct evidence that arginine at Position 154 of CTL2 is essential to create the structure recognized by anti-HNA-3a. In initial studies, we found that recombinant full-length CTL2 is very difficult to express in a configuration recognized by alloantibodies, owing to its complex structure, which appears to have at least 10 transmembrane domains.7 As an alternative to using the full-length protein, we prepared synthetic CTL2 peptides containing arginine (R) or glutamine (Q) at Position 154 and characterized their reactions against a panel of anti-HNA-3a antibodies. Here, we show that a subset of 20 HNA-3a antibodies recognizes linear and cyclic versions of a 36-mer CTL2 peptide (D131-K166/R154) but is non-reactive with D131-K166/Q154. However, about half of the antibodies failed to make this distinction. The findings indicate that R154 in the context of CTL2 peptide D131-K166 is necessary to create the epitope recognized by HNA-3a antibodies, but that amino acid residues extending C-terminal and/or N-terminal from D131-K166 will be needed to create a target suitable for detecting all examples of anti-HNA-3a in blood donors.
Morphogenesis of the residual body of the mouse testis

A histochemical study of the detached cytoplasm of the maturing spermatid has been carried out. The detached cytoplasm has been designated as the cytoplasmic body and 4 distinct phases in its morphogenesis have been reported. The cytoplasmic tag of stage 11 of spermiogenesis has been designated as phase CB-I in the morphogenesis of the cytoplasmic body. It was found to contain numerous granules of RNA, poly-saccharides, and lipid. During phase CB-2 and CB-3, coalescence and fusion of these granules occurs, which result in a centrally-oriented plaque of RNA and glycogen, peripheral satellites containing polysaccharides, and large globules of lipid. During phase CB-4, the cytoplasmic body membrane becomes approximated to the plaque and at this stage of development the cytoplasmic body can be compared to the ‘residual bodies’ of Regaud. Peripheral migration towards the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubule now occurs. Some of the residual bodies undergo phagocytosis by Sertoli cells, while others eventually occupy a position at the level of the spermatogonia.
Innovative Materials for Aircraft Morphing

Reported herein is an overview of the research being conducted within the Materials Division at NASA Langley Research Center on the development of smart material technologies for advanced airframe systems. The research is a part of the Aircraft Morphing Program which is a new six-year research program to develop smart components for self-adaptive airframe systems. The fundamental areas of materials research within the program are computational materials; advanced piezoelectric materials; advanced fiber optic sensing techniques; and fabrication of integrated composite structures. This paper presents a portion of the ongoing research in each of these areas of materials research.
Statistical model for assessing the impact of targeted, school-based dental sealant programs on sealant prevalence among third graders in Ohio.

OBJECTIVES Since Ohio school-based dental sealant programs target economically disadvantaged groups, simple comparison of sealant prevalence between schools with sealant programs and those without is problematic due to underlying disparities between the two in sealant prevalence. The goal of our analysis was to estimate the impact of sealant programs on sealant prevalence among third graders in Ohio by applying a statistical model to data from a 1998-99 Ohio oral health screening survey of schoolchildren to control for differences in background characteristics. METHODS Included in the analysis were 9,747 third graders at randomly selected schools in Ohio. Chi-square statistics and survey logistic regression were used to analyze the association of sealant presence with school sealant program participation, dental care payment method, sex, race, and school lunch program eligibility. RESULTS The unadjusted odds ratio for dental sealant presence was 3.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]=2.6, 4.4; P<.01). Adjusting for race and income, the odds of having dental sealants among children in schools with dental sealant programs increased to 4.8 (95% CI=3.5, 6.5; P<.01). CONCLUSIONS Not controlling for confounders can result in underestimation of the impact of targeted school sealant programs.
Limit cycle behavior of an airfoil with a control surface

A three-degree-of-freedom aeroelastic model with freeplay is modeled theoretically using a small number of aerodynamic eigenmodes (i.e. a reduced order model) based upon Peters' finite-state model for two-dimensional aerodynamic flow. The limit cycle behavior and the sensitivity to initial conditions for the onset of limit cycle oscillations are discussed. A simple and interesting physical explanation for this behavior is presented based on harmonic balance or describing function calculations that have been confirmed by numerical time simulations. The theoretical results are also in good agreement with experiment and a universal scaling law for the dependence of limit cycle oscillations and bifurcation parameters on freeplay is elucidated.
Extracting Overlay Invariants of Distributed Systems for Autonomic System Management

Many large-scale distributed systems have been built with great complexity to run Internet services. Due to the heterogeneity and dynamics of complex systems, it is very difficult to characterize their behavior precisely for system management. While we collect large amount of monitoring data from distributed systems as system observables, it is hard for us to interpret the data without constructing reasonable system models. Our previous work proposed algorithms to extract invariants from monitoring data to profile complex systems. However, such invariants are extracted between pair wise system measurements but not among multiple measurements. Based on minimal redundancy maximal relevance subset selection and least angle regression, this paper proposes an efficient algorithm to automatically extract overlay invariants from the layer of pair wise invariant networks. The overlay invariants link separated pair wise invariant subnets and enable us to support many system management tasks such as fault detection and capacity planning. Experimental results from synthetic data and real commercial systems are also included to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithm.
Vascular complications in high-performance athletes

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate our experience with the diagnosis and management of vascular injuries in a group of high-performance athletes. Methods: Between June 1994 and June 2000, we treated 26 patients who sustained vascular complications as a result of athletic competition. Clinical presentation, type of athletic competition, location of injury, type of therapy, and degree of rehabilitation were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The mean age of the patients was 23.8 years (range, 17-40). Twenty-one (81%) patients were men, and five (19%) were women. Athletes included 8 major-league baseball players, 7 football players, 2 world-class cyclists, 2 rock climbers, 2 wind surfers, 1 swimmer, 1 kayaker, 1 weight lifter, 1 marksman, and 1 volleyball player. There were 14 (54%) arterial and 12 (46%) venous complications. Arterial injuries included 7 (50%) axillary/subclavian artery or branch artery aneurysms with secondary embolization, 6 (43%) popliteal artery injuries, and 1 (7%) case of intimal hyperplasia and stenosis involving the external iliac artery. Subclavian vein thrombosis (SVT) accounted for all venous complications. Five of the seven patients with axillary/subclavian branch artery aneurysms required lytic therapy for distal emboli, and six required operative intervention. All popliteal artery injuries were treated by femoropopliteal bypass graft with autogenous saphenous vein. The external iliac artery lesion, which occurred in a cyclist, was repaired with limited resection and vein patch angioplasty. All 12 patients with SVT were treated initially with lytic therapy and anticoagulation. Eight patients required thoracic outlet decompression and venolysis of the subclavian vein. Thirteen arterial reconstructions have remained patent at an average follow-up of 31.9 months (range, 2-74). One patient with a popliteal artery injury required reoperation at 2 months for occlusion of his bypass graft. Eleven of the patients with an arterial injury were able to return to their prior level of competition. All of the patients with SVT have remained stable without further venous thrombosis and have returned to their usual level of activity. Conclusions: Athletes are susceptible to a variety of vascular injuries that may not be easily recognized. A high level of suspicion, a thorough workup including noninvasive studies and arteriography/venography, and prompt treatment are important for a successful outcome. (J Vasc Surg 2001;33:935-42.)
The Rise of Transgender-Inclusive Laws How Well Are Municipalities Implementing Supportive Nondiscrimination Public Employment Policies?

Whereas efforts that prohibit employment discrimination based on factors such as race or sexual orientation require certain organizational changes, creating a transgender-inclusive workplace requires organizational changes that include personnel, policy, legal, and medical issues unique to transgender people. At present, it is not clear whether communities are actually implementing these organizational changes, even after adopting transgender-inclusive nondiscrimination laws. This research project surveyed 74 municipalities with transgender-inclusive nondiscrimination employments laws, in order to assess and better understand the state of transgender-inclusive public workplaces. The initial results of the survey suggest that although innovation continues to increase, implementation and enforcement remain low, affecting managers' and employees' abilities to operate in a transgender-inclusive environment. Recommendations are made to improve implementation and enforcement of transgender-inclusive nondiscrimi...
Developing a cost-effective marketing information system

Management needs properly compiled, analyzed and evaluated data as a basis for planning, decision-making and control in sales and marketing operations. The cost-effectiveness of the various activities can then serve as a guide to future allocation of effort. The types of data available for comparative analysis of sales and marketing performance are reviewed and classified. The information may be used to justify costs, judge the degree of success attained from various operations, and, wherever applicable, isolate problem areas. Two case-history type examples are presented. The first of these compares customer loss rates with customer gains, and by how much losses must be offset just to keep current total sales even, before growth can be achieved. By categorizing and classifying these types of data by type of customer and type of product, management will isolate specific areas where problems exist and require attention and remedial action. Another example, applicable in a parallel manner by customer and product type, shows how accumulated information can be used to determine the optimal time allocation for individual sales visits, based on curvilinear statistical relationships. The desirability for graphic-comparative presentation of analysis results is emphasized, and is illustrated for the case histories presented.
Health Services Use Among Gulf War Veterans and Gulf War–Era Nondeployed Veterans: A Large Population-Based Survey

We sought to analyze the self-reported hospitalization, emergency department visits, and outpatient visits of Persian Gulf War (deployed; n=1896) and Persian Gulf War–era (nondeployed; n=1799) military personnel 5 years postconflict to determine whether these groups had different rates of health care use. Compared with personnel who had not been deployed, personnel who had been deployed were more likely to have visited an emergency department (25% vs 21%; odds ratio [OR]=1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06, 1.51]). Among these groups, the National Guard and Reserve personnel were more likely to have been hospitalized than were the regular military personnel (OR= 1.65; 95% CI=1.21, 2.26).
Chaos and Diffusion in Dynamical Systems With Periodic Impulses

In this paper, quasi-periodic motion and chaotic diffusion in impulsive systems are discussed. The impulsive system is as a special switching system. Thus, switching systems are discussed first. The quasi-periodic flows and chaotic diffusion of impulsive systems are illustrated to demonstrate flow regularity and complexity of switching systems.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Interstate Equine Semen and Embryo Shipment Regulations in the United States and Their Implications on Control of Disease Transmission

Abstract Outbreaks of both equine viral arteritis and contagious equine metritis (CEM) in the United States have occurred in recent years. Shipped semen has been implicated in disease transmission and rapid spread. A survey was performed of state regulations regarding testing for equine arteritis virus (EAV) and CEM before interstate semen or embryo shipment. Results demonstrated lack of any requirements in 31 states. Four states had regulations regarding EAV; 17 required a Certificate of Veterinary Inspection (CVI) to accompany a semen or embryo shipment. Ten states required a negative equine infectious anemia test, primarily as a requirement of a CVI versus because of risk of dissemination of disease. No states required CEM testing. A comparison of state department of agriculture or veterinary medical association Web sites and direct communication with state veterinarians or their offices demonstrated contradictory information in six states. The lack of uniform regulations concerning CEM and EAV testing for shipped semen and embryos, and the threat they pose to the equine breeding industry and horse health, should be alarming to veterinarians and horse owners. Routine testing of animals before shipment of semen or embryos and veterinary involvement in collection and breeding activities are appropriate and necessary to help prevent future outbreaks and protect equine health.
Oxidation of ZrB2–SiC ultra-high temperature composites over a wide range of SiC content

Abstract The oxidation performance of ZrB 2 –SiC ultra-high temperature ceramics with SiC content ranging from 20 to 80 vol% has been evaluated at 1773 K for 50 h and at 2073 K for 20 min. Oxidation reaction pathways were interpreted using volatility diagrams of the ZrB 2 –SiC system. At 1773 K for 50 h, all ZrB 2 –SiC composites from 20 to 80 vol% SiC formed a protective SiO 2 surface coating. Samples with ≤50 vol% SiC developed a distinguishable SiC-depleted layer at 1773 K and 2073 K. High temperature torch testing for 20 min at approximately 2073 K revealed that samples with ≥65 vol% SiC exhibit a depression under the torch flame. Samples rich in ZrB 2 were dominated by a ZrO 2 layer after a similar exposure. The overall weight density of ultra-high temperature ceramics can be reduced with improved oxidation performance at 1773 K by adding at least 65 vol% SiC.
Constraints on R-parity violating couplings from lepton universality

We analyze the one loop corrections to leptonic W and Z decays in an R-parity violating extension to the minimal supersymmetric standard model. We find that lepton universality violation in the Z line-shape variables alone would strengthen the bounds on the magnitudes of the {lambda}{sup '} couplings, but a global fit on all data leaves the bounds virtually unchanged at |{lambda}{sub 33k}{sup '}|{<=}0.42 and |{lambda}{sub 23k}{sup '}|{<=}0.50 at the 2{sigma} level. Bounds from W decays are less stringent: |{lambda}{sub 33k}{sup '}|{<=}2.4 at 2{sigma}, as a consequence of the weaker Fermilab experimental bounds on lepton universality violation in W decays. We also point out the potential of constraining R-parity violating couplings from the measurement of the {upsilon} invisible width. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
WSN03-4: A Novel Semi-Markov Smooth Mobility Model for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.

Existing random mobility models have their limitations such as speed decay and sharp turn which have been demonstrated by the previous studies. More importantly, mobility models need to mimic the movements that abide by the physical law for accurate analysis and simulations of mobile networks. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel mobility model, semi-Markov smooth (SMS) model. Each SMS movement includes three consecutive phases: speed up phase, middle smooth phase, and slow down phase. Thus, the entire motion in the SMS model is smooth and consistent with the moving behaviors in real environment. Through steady state analysis, we demonstrate that SMS model has no average speed decay problem and always maintains a uniform spatial node distribution. The analytical results are validated by extensive simulation experiments. In addition, we compare the simulation results on link lifetime and percentage of node degree with random waypoint model, Gauss-Markov model and the proposed SMS model.
Saline contrast enhancement of trivial Doppler tricuspid regurgitation signals for estimating pulmonary artery pressure.

Abstract Estimates of the frequency with which tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is detected by Doppler vary from 61 to 96% in patients with pulmonary hypertension, and from 0 to 44% in patients without pulmonary hypertension. 1–4 Clearly, many patients do not have TR shown by Doppler or have trivial, poorly enveloped signals inadequate for estimation of the peak systolic pressure gradient between the right ventricle and atrium. Because saline contrast safely enhances the ultrasound signals reflected by blood flowing through the right side of the heart, 5 we injected agitated saline by vein to determine if Doppler TR signals could be similarly enhanced. The accuracy of Doppler estimates of pulmonary artery (PA) systolic pressure in patients with initially inadequate or undetectable TR signals was examined, as was the effect of agitated saline injection on regurgitant flow velocity.
Mitochondrial cytochrome b-c1 complex: Its oxidation-reduction components and their stoichiometry

Abstract A cytochrome b-c 1 complex was isolated from pigeon breast muscle mitochondria and purified to a content of 3 nmol of cytochrome c 1 per milligram of protein. Anaerobic suspensions of the preparation were titrated with reducing equivalents (NADH) and oxidizing equivalents (ferricyanide). The oxidation-reduction components of the complex were measured by the number of reducing equivalents accepted or donated per cytochrome c 1 and compared with the stoichiometries of the known redox components as measured by independent methods. The preparation accepts or donates 5.2 ± 0.3 equivalents per cytochrome c 1 , while the measured content of cytochrome c 1 , cytochrome b 561 , cytochrome b 565 , Rieske iron-sulfur protein, ubiquinone, and succinate dehydrogenase accounts for 5.0 ± 0.2 equivalents per cytochrome c 1 . It is concluded that there are no unknown redox components in the cytochrome b-c 1 complex. The cytochrome b - c 1 complex (energy transduction site 2) appears to be a structural unit containing equal amounts of cytochrome c 1 , cytochrome b 561 , cytochrome b 566 , and the Rieske iron-sulfur protein.
The influence of sucralfate on ibuprofen absorption in healthy adult males.

Sucralfate (Carafate) is a new anti-ulcer agent the effects of which are mediated locally in the gastrointestinal tract. The use of this compound in conjunction with ulcerogenic drugs such as ibuprofen may represent a means of reducing gastrointestinal irritation. Combined oral therapy, however, requires evaluation of a potential interaction in absorption between those agents. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of sucralfate coingestion on ibuprofen absorption. Twelve normal, healthy male subjects ingested a single oral 400 mg dose of ibuprofen alone or with sucralfate given as 1 g doses four times a day for 2 days prior to and during the study. Ibuprofen serum concentrations were measured for 12 hours following dosing. Parameters associated with rate of absorption (i.e. Cmax, tmax, Ka) were significantly altered in the presence of sucralfate (p less than 0.05). In contrast, the relative bioavailability of ibuprofen was not significantly different between treatments (p greater than 0.05). Therefore, sucralfate does not alter the extent of ibuprofen absorption and would not be expected to change the response to that anti-inflammatory agent.
An evaluation of the Elmslie-Trillat procedure for management of patellar dislocations and subluxations: a preliminary report

The Elmslie-Trillat procedure involves lateral retinacular release, medial capsular reefing, and medial transposition of the anterior tibial tubercle hinged on a distal periosteal attachment. It is an easily performed procedure and is an excellent method for realignment of the extensor mechanism in cases of dislocation and subluxation of the patella. In our series of 52 cases with 6-24 months postsurgical evaluation, 46 cases, or 88 percent were rated as good or excellent. It must be emphasized that this technique is used only if the epiphyseal plates are closed.
Distribution of injected iron 59 and manganese 54 in hypotransferrinemic mice

Transferrin has been proposed as the mobilization protein for iron and manganese. To better understand the role of transferrin in the transport of these metals, we studied the tissue distribution of injected iron 59 and manganese 54 in the hypotransferrinemic (Hp) mouse mutant. The Hp mouse has a mutation in the transferrin gene and produces <1% of normal transferrin levels. The tissue distribution of 59Fe and 54Mn in Hp mice was compared with that in animals heterozygous for the Hp mutation (50% transferrin levels) and wild-type animals. Formed elements in the brain, liver, spleen, heart, sternum/rib, plasma, and blood were analyzed for isotope incorporation at 24 hours, 7 days, and 4 weeks after injection. Tissue distribution of both 59Fe and 54Mn was similar in wild-type and heterozygote animals, indicating that decreased transferrin concentration and increased saturation did not influence the tissue distribution of the injected metals. The absence of transferrin in the Hp mutant was associated with abnormal tissue distribution of radiolabeled iron; there was 4 times more 59Fe than normal in the Hp liver and 10 times less 59Fe in the spleen and blood formed elements than normal. Injected manganese also accumulated at abnormally high levels in the Hp mouse liver. Distribution of either metal to the brain, heart, and sternum/rib was not affected by the absence of plasma transferrin. These results reveal that transferrin is required for proper targeting of manganese and iron, especially from the liver to other organs, but further indicate that nontransferrin transport mechanisms for iron and manganese must exist.
Developmental expression of the POU domain transcription factor Brn-3b (Pou4f2) in the lateral line and visual system of zebrafish

Members of the class IV POU domain transcription factors are important regulators of neural development. In mouse, Brn-3b (Pou4f2, Brn3.2) and Brn-3c (Pou4f3, Brn3.1) are essential for the normal differentiation and maturation of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and hair cells of the auditory system, respectively. In this report, the cloning and expression profile of brn-3b in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) were assessed as the first step for understanding its role in the development of sensory systems. Two brn-3b alternative transcripts exhibited different onset of expression during development but shared overlapping expression domains in the adult visual system. The brn-3b expression in the zebrafish retina was consistent with a conserved role in differentiation and maintenance of RGCs. Expression was also observed in the optic tectum. Unexpectedly, brn-3b was prominently expressed in the migrating posterior lateral line primordium and larval neuromasts. For comparison, brn-3c expression was limited to the otic vesicle and was not detected in the lateral line during embryonic development. The expression of brn-3b in the mechanosensory lateral line of fish suggests a conserved function of a class IV POU domain transcription factor in sensory system development.
A comparison of mammalian cell sensitivity to either 254 nm or artificial "solar" simulated radiation.

The sensitivity of six mammalian cell strains to either germicidal (254 nm) or artificial “solar” simulated radiation was tested. The solar simulator used had an output similar, in some respects, to natural sunlight. Cellular capacity for Herpes simplex virus production was used as the assay procedure. The tested cells were a strain of African green monkey kidney cells and five human skin fibroblast cell strains. The latter included a “normal” cell strain, and four photosensitive cell strains; three of which were strains of xeroderma pigmentosum cells, and one strain of Bloom's syndrome cells. When comparing the D10 values, the different cell strains varied by a factor of six in response to germicidal radiation, but only by a factor of two to artificial “solar” simulated radiation. The relative sensitivity of the cells to either type of radiation also varied from 1.7 to 10.9. Large variations in response occurred even among the xeroderma pigmentosum cell strains. These responses suggest that mammalian cell sensitivity to 254 nm radiation may not be a true indicator of a cell's responses to natural sunlight.
The generation of the rifamycin binding site in the β subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase through subunit interactions

Spectral studies were performed using rifampicin quinone to investigate the generation of the rifamycin binding site in the β subunit of E . coli RNA polymerase due to subunit interactions. The spectrum of rifampicin quinone is not significantly altered in the presence of the β subunit. In the case of the α2β subassembly, a negative difference spectral band at 330 nm is observed for rifampicin quinone, whereas in the presence of either the holoenzyme or core polymerase a positive band at 348 and a negative one at 318 are observed. In affinity labeling studies using 3-(2-bromo[1-14C]acetamidoethyl)-thiorifamycin, it was demonstrated that the isolated β subunit is nonspecifically modified by this reagent. However, in the case of both the α2β subassembly and core polymerase, the β subunit is specifically modified.