cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Creep deformation structural analysis using an efficient numerical algorithm

This paper presents a fast numerical algorithm for the implementation of material models for creep into finite element codes. First, an overview of existing algorithms for transient and steady-state creep is given. Next, a new formulation is presented which reduces the constitutive integration to the solution of a scalar non-linear algebraic equation. A solution is shown to exist without the need for subincrementation. Details of the numerical algorithm are then discussed. The paper closes with several numerical examples which illustrate the speed, robustness and accuracy of the proposed procedure as implemented in the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory finite element codes NIKE2D and NIKE3D.
Infrared Astronomy Instruments

In this issue devoted to Infrared Astronomy Instruments, you will note that most of the instruments are designed for use at altitude, either in aircraft, balloons, probes or satellites. Such usage permits observation above the interfering atmosphere usually encountered during ground observations. Most of the water vapor is below the platform at 40,000 feet (~13 km) and most of the CO2 is below platforms at 120,000 feet (~40 km).
Maximum likelihood estimation of object location in diffraction tomography

The problem is formulated within the context of diffraction tomography, where the complex phase of the diffracted wavefield is modeled using the Rytov approximation and the measurements consist of noisy renditions of this complex phase at a single frequency. The log likelihood function is computed for the case of additive zero mean Gaussian white noise and shown to be expressible in the form of the filtered backpropagation algorithm of diffraction tomography. In this form however, the filter function is no longer the rho filter appropriate to least square reconstruction but is now the generalized projection (propagation) of the object (centered at the origin) onto the line(s) parallel to the measurement line(s), but passing through the origin. This result allows the estimation problem to be solved via a diffraction tomographic imaging procedure where the noisy data is filtered and backpropagated in a first step, and the point of maximum value of the resulting image is then the maximum likelihood (ML) estimate of the object's location. The authors include a calculation of the Cramer-Rao bound for the estimation error and a computer simulation study illustrating the estimation procedure. >
Unusual Presentation of Medulloblastoma in Infancy

The case is presented of an infant with a posterior fossa medulloblastoma who died at age 14 weeks without macrocephaly or signs of increased intracranial pressure. Infants with lower cranial nerve dysfunction and respiratory difficul ties in the neonatal period must be evaluated for posterior fossa tumors.
SPACE SHUTTLE PAY1 IOAD LOAD ALLEVIATION USING BILINEAR LIQUID SPRINGS

A method has been developed for, attenuating payload response to Space Sh~ttle Orbiter landing loads. The attemuation system consists of preloaded bilinear liquid springs acting between the payload and Orbiter. The springs provide high stiffness during liftoff when Shuttle input loads are of low frequency and moderate magnitude. During landing, when Orbiter-induced loads are high, the ~pring preload is excwded, lowering the system frequency and attenuating payload response to the higher-frequency input. A nonlinear analyaie procedure is employed and resulte are correlated with teat data obtained from a one-third scale dynamic model.
Resonance transition array of Yb iv

Nineteen pairs of lines in the wavelength range of 800–1300 A were identified as transitions to the two levels of the ground term of Yb iv, 4f13 2F. The 2F5/2–2F7/2 interval is 10214.0 cm−1 with an rms deviation of 0.4 cm−1.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Plus Amitriptyline for Chronic Migraine in Children and Adolescents: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance Early, safe, effective, and durable evidence-based interventions for children and adolescents with chronic migraine do not exist. Objective To determine the benefits of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) when combined with amitriptyline vs headache education plus amitriptyline. Design, Setting, and Participants A randomized clinical trial of 135 youth (79% female) aged 10 to 17 years diagnosed with chronic migraine (≥15 days with headache/month) and a Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment Score (PedMIDAS) greater than 20 points were assigned to the CBT plus amitriptyline group (n = 64) or the headache education plus amitriptyline group (n = 71). The study was conducted in the Headache Center at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital between October 2006 and September 2012; 129 completed 20-week follow-up and 124 completed 12-month follow-up. Interventions Ten CBT vs 10 headache education sessions involving equivalent time and therapist attention. Each group received 1 mg/kg/d of amitriptyline and a 20-week end point visit. In addition, follow-up visits were conducted at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end point was days with headache and the secondary end point was PedMIDAS (disability score range: 0-240 points; 0-10 for little to none, 11-30 for mild, 31-50 for moderate, >50 for severe); both end points were determined at 20 weeks. Durability was examined over the 12-month follow-up period. Clinical significance was measured by a 50% or greater reduction in days with headache and a disability score in the mild to none range ( Results At baseline, there were a mean (SD) of 21 (5) days with headache per 28 days and the mean (SD) PedMIDAS was 68 (32) points. At the 20-week end point, days with headache were reduced by 11.5 for the CBT plus amitriptyline group vs 6.8 for the headache education plus amitriptyline group (difference, 4.7 [95% CI, 1.7-7.7] days; P = .002). The PedMIDAS decreased by 52.7 points for the CBT group vs 38.6 points for the headache education group (difference, 14.1 [95% CI, 3.3-24.9] points; P = .01). In the CBT group, 66% had a 50% or greater reduction in headache days vs 36% in the headache education group (odds ratio, 3.5 [95% CI, 1.7-7.2]; P Conclusions and Relevance Among young persons with chronic migraine, the use of CBT plus amitriptyline resulted in greater reductions in days with headache and migraine-related disability compared with use of headache education plus amitriptyline. These findings support the efficacy of CBT in the treatment of chronic migraine in children and adolescents. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT00389038
Adverse outcomes among women presenting with signs and symptoms of ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease: findings from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) angiographic core laboratory.

Background Women presenting with signs and symptoms of myocardial ischemia frequently have no or nonobstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Objective This study aimed to investigate the associations between angiographic measures and longer-term clinical outcomes among women with signs and symptoms of ischemia referred for coronary angiography. Methods A prospective cohort analysis of women referred for coronary angiography and enrolled in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute–sponsored WISE was performed. An angiographic severity score was prospectively developed, assigning points for any stenosis weighted by stenosis severity, location, and collaterals and was then tested for prediction for adverse outcome in 917 women, over a median of 9.3 years. Setting The study was conducted in referral centers. Patients Women with signs and/or symptoms of myocardial ischemia referred for coronary angiography were consecutively consented and enrolled in a prospective study. Main Outcome Measures Main outcomes included first occurrence of cardiovascular death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. Hospitalization for angina was a secondary outcome. Results Cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction at 10 years occurred in 6.7%, 12.8%, and 25.9% of women with no, nonobstructive, and obstructive CAD ( P 50. The optimal threshold in the WISE severity score classifications for predicting cardiovascular mortality was >10 (eg, 5.0-10 vs 10.1-89), with both a sensitivity and specificity of 0.64 and an area under the curve of 0.64 ( P = .02, 95% CI 0.59-0.68). Conclusions Among women with signs and symptoms of ischemia, nonobstructive CAD is common and associated with adverse outcomes over the longer term. The new WISE angiographic score appears to be useful for risk prediction in this population.
ISOZYME VARIABILITY IN TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, THE AGENT OF CHAGAS' DISEASE: GENETICAL, TAXONOMICAL, AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE.

A genetic interpretation of the zymograms of 524 Trypanosoma cruzi stocks from various hosts and representing a broad geographical range (United States to Southern Brazil) reveals high genetic variability (only one monomorphic locus out of 15) and suggests that this parasite has a diploid structure. The data do not give any indication of Mendelian sexuality, although many opportunities are present for genetic exchange between extremely different genotypes. The population structure of T. cruzi appears to be multiclonal and complex. The natural clones evidenced by isozyme analysis are numerous (43 different ones are recorded among 121 stocks assayed at 15 gene loci) and exhibit a large range of genotypes, in a nonhierarchical structure; it is not possible to cluster them into a few strictly delimited groups which could represent natural taxa. The available data suggest that the genetic variability of T. cruzi reflects the long separate evolution of multiple clones. It is suggested that long clonal evolution may explain the present biological and medical variability of the causative agent of Chagas' disease.
Gland cell carcinoma (adenocarcinoma) of the uterine cervix.

Abstract 1. 1. Biopsies of uterine cervices during a period of approximately 22 years revealed 237 gland cell carcinomas; 127 (53.6 per cent) were primary in the cervix arising from glands or surface epithelium or both. 2. 2. The majority (30.8 per cent) of secondary carcinomas represented extension from the endometrium. Other primary sites were, in order of decreasing frequency, the ovary, colon and rectum, breast, and urinary tract. 3. 3. Ten examples of noninfiltrative gland cell carcinoma were encountered. Three of these represented in situ change in endocervical glands and in one instance there was also a squamous cell carcinoma in situ. Seven lesions consisted of carcinomatous change in endocervical polyps without infiltration of the cervix proper. 4. 4. The primary infiltrative gland cell carcinomas (110 cases) comprised 5.5 per cent of all infiltrative carcinomas arising in the uterine cervix. 5. 5. The average age of the patients with infiltrative gland cell carcinoma of the cervix was 53 years, with a range of 21 to 76 years. The average age for squamous cell carcinoma was 47 years and for gland cell carcinoma of the endometrium 59 years. 6. 6. The gestational histories of patients with primary gland cell carcinoma of the cervix were more closely allied to those of patients with endometrial carcinoma than to those with squamous cell carcinoma. The symptoms resembled those for squamous cell carcinoma but the duration of symptoms was appreciably longer. 7. 7. Structural and cytologic features permitted the recognition of distinctive patterns of growth in gland cell carcinoma of the cervix: adeniform, medullary, muciferous, papillary, acanthoid, and scirrhous. Two carcinomas in young women were of mesonephric origin. 8. 8. In situ change at the margins of infiltrative carcinomas was an important criterion in assigning origin to the cervix and was found in 43 per cent of cases. 9. 9. The majority of patients with gland cell carcinoma of the cervix were treated with radiation in a manner employed for squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. The over-all 5 year survival rate for gland cell carcinoma was 29.9 per cent as compared with 40.1 per cent for squamous cell carcinoma and 54.3 per cent for gland cell carcinoma of the endometrium. 10. 10. A definite correlation was found between histologic pattern of growth and survival. The best results occurred with papillary carcinoma (57 per cent), followed by adeniform (30 per cent), muciferous (20 per cent), and medullary (14 per cent). The poorest prognoses were observed for acanthoadenocarcinoma (9 per cent) and scirrhous type (0 per cent). 11. 11. In 7 patients with primary infiltrative gland cell carcinoma of the cervix, there were second separate and distinct carcinomas in the uterus; 5 patients had infiltrative squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and 2 had gland cell carcinoma of the endometrium. Six of these were synchronous and one metachronous.
Failure criterion for graphene in biaxial loading—a molecular dynamics study

Molecular dynamics simulations are carried out in order to develop a failure criterion for infinite/bulk graphene in biaxial tension. Stresses along the principal edge configurations of graphene (i.e. armchair and zigzag directions) are normalized to the corresponding uniaxial ultimate strength values. The combinations of normalized stresses resulting in the failure of graphene are used to define failure envelopes (limiting stress ratio surfaces). Results indicate that a bilinear failure envelope can be used to represent the tensile strength of graphene in biaxial loading at different temperatures with reasonable accuracy. A circular failure envelope is also introduced for practical applications. Both failure envelopes define temperature-independent upper limits for the feasible combinations of normalized stresses for a graphene sheet in biaxial loading. Predicted failure modes of graphene under biaxial loading are also shown and discussed.
Whose Story is it, Anyway? - Guiding Students to Client-Centered Interviewing Through Storytelling

Persuasively telling a client's story is vital to meaningful and successful representation. This article explores both the challenges facing students as they try to master this skill as well as the challenges of teaching this skill through the lens of one simple exercise. This exercise has proven extremely effective in teaching law students critical lessons about client-centered interviewing. Conducted effectively,and coupled with directed discussion, the exercise has also been invaluable for teaching client-centered representation, interviewing techniques, attorney-client confidentiality and the impact of demographics on the attorney-client relationship. Through their experience with the exercise, each of these concepts acutely resonates with the students. By completing the exercise, law students come away with a commitment to telling their clients' stories, and the skills needed to do it well.
Investigating Voice Quality as a Speaker-Independent Indicator of Depression and PTSD

We seek to investigate voice quality characteristics, in particular on a breathy to tense dimension, as an indicator for psychological distress, i.e. depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), within semi-structured virtual human interviews. Our evaluation identifies significant differences between the voice quality of psychologically distressed participants and not-distressed participants within this limited corpus. We investigate the capability of automatic algorithms to classify psychologically distressed speech in speaker-independent experiments. Additionally, we examine the impact of the posed questions’ affective polarity, as motivated by findings in the literature on positive stimulus attenuation and negative stimulus potentiation in emotional reactivity of psychologically distressed participants. The experiments yield promising results using standard machine learning algorithms and solely four distinct features capturing the tenseness of the speaker’s voice.
Wave Propagation and Wavefield Reconstruction in Viscoelastic Media

This paper discusses the decoupled attenuation property of the viscoelastic wave equation. Because of the decoupling, wave propagation can be simulated in three scenarios: only amplitude loss effect, only phase dispersion effect, or both effects, which brings practical convenience, especially seismic inverse problems. Wavefield reconstruction can be accomplished simply by reversing the signs of both the Pand S-wave loss operators. Therefore, attenuation effects are thus compensated for during back-propagation. Several numerical examples are used to demonstrate the advantages of the decoupled attenuation property in both viscoelastic wave propagation and wavefield reconstruction.
Egypt's Three-Card Monte: The Arab Spring and Human Revolution

Panic over Egypt’s current use of democratic protest stems not from some anti-democratic nature of their process, but from its inherent disregard for structural authority that undermines all institutionalized governance. Egypt represents not an exemplary case of meekly accepted structural inequality, but an exceptional case of dignified and rebellious humanity. The political shell-game has been turned on its head such that would-be elites are walking into a functional system that devalues institutionalized authority, legitimacy and sovereignty. States find Egypt’s new protest-driven democracy distasteful because it undermines the need for formal governance in general and states in particular.
Effects of Plant Fiber in Decreasing Plasma Total Cholesterol and Increasing High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

SummaryCholesterol-fed rats which received diets supplemented with 10% pectin, guar gum, or oat bran fiber showed a reduced accumulation of cholesterol and triglyceride in both plasma and the liver. In contrast, an increase in the plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of these same rats was noted. This study indicates that certain plant fibers selectively lower plasma total cholesterol while raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.These studies were supported in part by Grant 1 RO1 AM 20889-01 from the National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism and Digestive Diseases.
Biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored human placental alkaline phosphatase: evidence for a phospholipase C-sensitive precursor and its post-attachment conversion into a phospholipase C-resistant form.

Previous studies have shown that some cells (e.g. SKG3a) express human placental alkaline phosphatase (AP) in a form which can be released from the membrane by bacterial PtdIns-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) while others (e.g. HeLa) are relatively resistant to this enzyme. Chemical and enzymic degradation studies have suggested that the PI-PLC resistance of AP is due to inositol acylation of its glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. In order to identify the biosynthetic origin of PI-PLC resistance we determined the PI-PLC sensitivity of AP in 35S-labelled cells (10 min pulse; 0-60 min chase) by Triton X-114 phase separation. At the beginning of the chase period, the majority of the AP synthesized was hydrophilic, indicating that it had not acquired a GPI anchor. The concentration of hydrophilic AP species decreased with a t1/2 of 30-60 min but was not processed to an endoglycosidase H-resistant species or secreted into the medium. In both SKG3a and HeLa cells all of the hydrophobic, GPI-anchored AP detectable at the beginning of the chase was PI-PLC sensitive. PI-PLC-resistant species of AP were only observed in HeLa cells and these only appeared after about 30 min. The delayed appearance of PI-PLC resistance was unexpected as previous studies have suggested that candidate GPI-anchor precursors are PI-PLC-resistant as a result of inositol acylation. This work reveals unanticipated complexities in the biosynthesis of AP and its GPI anchor.
Spontaneous Rupture of Splenic Hemangioma in a Neonate

Spleen vascular tumors such as hemangiomas, albeit rare, can present during neonatal period with unexplained circulatory shock. We present a case of a newborn with refractory hypovolemic shock and acute abdomen that underwent emergency splenectomy due to spontaneous rupture of a splenic hemangioma.
Book Reviews: Riemann Surfaces of Infinite Genus by J. Feldman, H. Knörrer, and E. Trubowitz. CRM Monograph series. Vol. 20, Amer. Math. Soc.

One of the loveliest parts of mathematics is the subject of projective curves, developed, notably, by Jacobi, Abel, Riemann, and Poincare over most of the nineteenth century.
Improved Homing of Antigen-Specific T Cells to Hodgkin’s Disease (HD) Tumor Cells by Forced Expression of CCR4 Receptor.

Abstract One crucial requirement for the success of any adoptive T cell transfer is that the effector T cells should migrate efficiently to the tumor site. Such an effect has been documented following adoptive transfer of Epstein-Barr virus specific cytotoxic T cells (EBV-CTLs). Antigenic stimulus from (normal and malignant) cells persistently infected with EBV led to expansion and sustained survival, and was also associated with activity against the EBV+ HD tumors. Since most HD patients have tumors that are EBV- but CD30+, we attempted to extend this approach by incorporating a CD30 chimeric receptor (CD30CAR) into the EBV-CTLs. Pre-clinical animal studies showed that CD30CAR+ EBV-CTLs readily migrated to EBV+/CD30+ tumors, but had limited capacity to localize to EBV−/CD30+ tumor cells. The likeliest explanation for this observation is that EBV- HD tumors produce the chemokine TARC, which attracts Th2 and regulatory T cells, but has little effect on EBV-CTLs, since these express low levels of the TARC receptor, CCR4. We hypothesized that forced expression of CCR4 by redirected EBV-CTLs would improve their homing to the EBV−/CD30+ HD cells. The full length of CCR4 receptor was cloned into the SFG retroviral vector and used to transduce both activated T cells and EBV-CTLs obtained from 6 and 4 healthy donors, respectively. Expression of CCR4 was 12±8% on activated T cells (mainly on CD4+ cells, 12±6%) and 4±5% on EBV-CTLs. After transduction with a CCR4, but not a control vector, expression of CCR4 increased to 53±24% (CD4+ 27±15% and CD8+ 17±9%) on activated T cells and 30±19% on EBV-CTLs. We then evaluated the capacity of control and transgenic T cells and EBV-CTLs to migrate in response to TARC, using a trans-well migration assay. Migration was tested against different CD30+ tumor lines producing TARC at low (Karpas wild type, 2000pg/mL), measured by ELISA. The percent of cells migrating in the trans-well assay was significantly increased for CCR4 transgenic CD8+ selected T cells (54±11% with Karpas/TARC vs. 8±2% with media vs. 8±4% with Karpas-wt). Migration of control OKT3/28 blasts was less than 15% in all the conditions. Migration was significantly inhibited by the addition of antibody blocking TARC ( 7 days. These data suggest that the migration of CARCD30 EBV-CTL to EBV−/CD30+ HD can be augmented by co-expressing the CCR4 receptor.
CO2 reduction with Re(i)-NHC compounds: driving selective catalysis with a silicon nanowire photoelectrode.

The CO2-reduction activity of two Re(I)–NHC complexes is investigated employing a silicon nanowire photoelectrode to drive catalysis. Photovoltages greater than 440 mV are observed along with excellent selectivity towards CO over H2 formation. The observed selectivity towards CO production correlates with strong adsorption of the catalysts on the photoelectrode surface.
Epo Engages a Tnfr-13c Pathway to Advance for Primary Bone Marrow (Pro)Erythroblast Development

Abstract 4238 In late stage erythroblasts, EPO can increase levels of Bclx, Bcl2 and/or Mcl1 anti-apoptotic factors. Proerythroblasts, however, are a key EPO target (and exhibit sharp dependence on EPO for growth, and survival). In these progenitors, however, Bclx, Bcl2 and Mcl1 are not prime EPO/EPOR targets. Via transcriptome-based analyses of EPO response circuits in developmentally staged primary bone marrow proerythroblasts (which we now analyze and present at a global level) an atypical TNF receptor, Tnfrsf13c proved to be among the top 1% of EPO/EPOR induced factors. Within lymphoid lineages, Tnfrsf13c is a known receptor for BAFF ligand; and BAFF is an essential mediator of B-cell survival and development. Possible effects of BAFF (a bone marrow stromal cell surface ligand) on primary erythroid cell formation therefore were assessed. Notably, limited BAFF exposure (15 hours) inhibited apoptosis; increased erythroid cell numbers; and enhanced the formation of late-stage Ter119pos erythroblasts. Specifically, cytoprotection by BAFF rivaled that afforded by EPO; cell numbers were enhanced 140% (in 15 hr); and frequencies of Ter119pos erythroblasts were enhanced to 200% of controls. In keeping with Tnfrsf13c's role as an EPOR target, each of the above effects further proved to depend upon proerythroblast exposure to EPO. With regards to Tnfrsf13c expression, analyses using primary erythroid progenitors with knocked-in minimal EPOR alleles indicated dependence for EPO- induction upon JAK2, STAT5 as well as EPOR C-terminal coupled pathways. Studies overall reveal a novel EPOR action route within primary proerythroblasts as a Tnfrsf13c/BAFF pathway (which engages non-canonical NF-kappaB molecular mechanisms). Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Unifying consensus and covariance intersection for decentralized state estimation

This paper presents a new recursive information consensus filter for decentralized dynamic-state estimation. Local estimators are assumed to have access only to local information and no structure is assumed about the topology of the communication network, which need not be connected at all times. Iterative Covariance Intersection (ICI) is used to reach consensus over priors which might become correlated, while consensus over new information is handled using weights based on a Metropolis Hastings Markov Chain (MHMC). We establish bounds for estimation performance and show that our method produces unbiased conservative estimates that are better than CI. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated and compared with competing algorithms on an atmospheric dispersion problem.
Fast incremental method for smooth nonconvex optimization

We analyze a fast incremental aggregated gradient method for optimizing nonconvex problems of the form minΣ i ƒ i (x). Specifically, we analyze the SAGA algorithm within an Incremental First-order Oracle framework, and show that it converges to a stationary point provably faster than both gradient descent and stochastic gradient descent. We also discuss a Polyak's special class of nonconvex problems for which SAGA converges at a linear rate to the global optimum. Finally, we analyze the practically valuable regularized and minibatch variants of SAGA. To our knowledge, this paper presents the first analysis of fast convergence for an incremental aggregated gradient method for nonconvex problems.
Influences of vacancy defects on tensile failure of open-tip carbon nanocones

This paper studied influences of vacancy defects on tensile failure of open-tip carbon nanocones (CNCs) by molecular dynamics simulations. Carbon nanocones, perfect and containing mono-vacancy defects (including CNCs with the upper-vacancy, the middle-vacancy, and the lower-vacancy), were simulated in order to understand the influence of the presence and location of the vacancy defects on the CNCs tensile behavior. Some findings were obtained. It was found that the upper-vacancy CNC has the greatest degradation in the failure strain and the failure load among the three vacancy-defect CNCs, and the lower-vacancy CNC has the smallest degradation in the failure strain and the failure load. Degradation in the failure load is larger than degradation in the failure strain. Moreover, no apparent yielding (large elongation) was observed before failure of the studied CNCs. All the vacancy-defect CNCs were broken near the top end rather than near the vacancy location of the CNCs. The behaviors of the vacancy-location-dependent degradation and the vacancy-location-independent failure (namely, the near top-end failure) of the vacancy-defect CNCs are quite different from those of vacancy-defect CNTs (carbon nanotubes). These particular behaviors are ascribed to non-uniform diameters along the cone axes of the CNCs.
Hand therapy interventions, outcomes, and diagnoses evaluated over the last 10 years: A mapping review linking research to practice.

Abstract Study Design Mapping review. Introduction Although published literature and evidence to support medical practice is becoming more abundant, it is not known how well available evidence supports the full spectrum of hand therapy practice. Purpose of the Study The aim of this mapping review was to identify strengths and/or gaps in the available literature as compared with the hand therapy scope of practice to guide future research. Methods A systematic search and screening was conducted to identify evidence published from 2006 to 2015. Descriptive data from 191 studies were extracted, and the diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes used in the literature were compared with the hand therapy scope of practice. Results Osteoarthritis, tendon surgeries, and carpal tunnel syndrome were most frequently studied. Exercise, education, and orthotic interventions were most common, each used in more than 100 studies; only 12 studies used activity-based interventions. Primary outcome measures included range of motion, pain/symptoms, strength, and functional status. Discussion Abundant high-quality research exists for a portion of the hand therapy scope of practice; however, there is a paucity of evidence for numerous diagnoses and interventions. Conclusions More evidence is needed for complex diagnoses and activity-based interventions as well as behavioral and quality-of-care outcomes. Level of Evidence Not applicable.
Differential expression of hepatocyte growth factor in patients with systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension:

IntroductionNon-invasive biomarkers are needed to identify pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients who may benefit from early intervention. We sought to identify novel cytokines that differentiate patients with incident SSc-PAH from those at high risk for PAH.MethodsThe Pulmonary Hypertension Assessment and Recognition of Outcomes in Scleroderma (PHAROS) Registry is a multicenter registry of SSc patients at high risk for PAH (at-risk) or with incident right-heart catheterization-confirmed PAH (definite PAH). Serum from 10 at-risk and 9 definite PAH patients were profiled with Bio-PlexTM bead arrays for 48 cytokines and chemokines. We also evaluated the longitudinal change in cytokine profiles from 3 at-risk patients who subsequently developed definite PAH.ResultsClinical features of at-risk versus definite PAH patients were not significantly different except for right-ventricular systolic pressure on echocardiogram (34 ± 7 vs. 45 ± 8 mmHg, p = 0.006), left atrial diamete...
Exhibition as Curriculum: Creative Activity as a Human Right.

Linda Stein created a series of artwork entitled Holocaust Heroes: Fierce Females (H2F2) in response to her experiences during the attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. The body ...
Abstract SY14-03: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK): Normal biology and role in hematopoietic malignancies

Citation Format: Stephan W. Morris. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK): Normal biology and role in hematopoietic malignancies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY14-03
Chemotaxis to self-generated AI-2 promotes biofilm formation in Escherichia coli

Responses to the interspecies quorum-sensing signal autoinducer-2 (AI-2) regulate the patterns of gene expression that promote biofilm development. Escherichia coli also senses AI-2 as a chemoattractant, a response that requires the periplasmic AI-2-binding protein LsrB and the chemoreceptor Tsr. Here, we confirm, as previously observed, that under static conditions highly motile E. coli cells self-aggregate and form surface-adherent structures more readily than cells lacking LsrB and Tsr, or than ΔluxS cells unable to produce AI-2. This difference is observed both at 37 and 30 °C. Cells deleted for the genes encoding the lsrACDBFG operon repressor (ΔlsrR), or the AI-2 kinase (ΔlsrK), or an AI-2 uptake channel protein (ΔlsrC), or an AI-2 metabolism enzyme (ΔlsrG) are also defective in biofilm formation. The Δtsr and ΔlsrB cells are totally defective in AI-2 chemotaxis, whereas the other mutants show normal or near-normal chemotaxis to external gradients of AI-2. These data demonstrate that chemotaxis to external AI-2 is necessary but not sufficient to induce the full range of density-dependent behaviours that are required for optimal biofilm formation. We also demonstrate that, compared to other binding-protein-dependent chemotaxis systems in E. coli, low levels (on the order of ~250 molecules of periplasmic LsrB per wild-type cell and as low as ~50 molecules per cell in some mutants) are adequate for a strong chemotaxis response to external gradients of AI-2.
The Emerging Role of Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease.

Objective: To review the role of inflammatory suppression in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) with a focus on the interleukin-1β blocker canakinumab. Data Sources: An Ov...
50-kWth methane/air chemical looping combustion tests with commercially prepared CuO-Fe2O3-alumina oxygen carrier with two different techniques

Abstract CuO-Fe2O3/alumina oxygen carriers were manufactured using two different techniques (i.e., spray drying and wet granulation). The spray drying method produced porous, spherical particles in the range of 100–200 µm. The wet granulation, or tumbling method, produced particles in the range of 200–600 µm. Both batches of material showed good gas conversion and particle durability during tests in NETL’s 50-kWth chemical looping circulating fluidized bed combustor unit at 700–900 °C. No agglomeration was observed, even though the oxygen carrier had a high CuO concentration (30%). The particle losses with 200–600 µm batch were significantly lower than that with the 100–200 µm batch. The oxygen carrier materials in the 200–600 µm range were circulated for approximately 3.1 days in the target temperature range (700–850 °C) and a total of approximately 40 h of chemical looping combustion testing was conducted during that time. The average fuel reactor temperatures ranged from 760 to 815 °C for the chemical looping combustion test periods, and the average air reactor temperature ranged from 840 to 915 °C. The fuel conversion from natural gas to CO2 ranged from 50 to 80%. Approximately 1.6 h of continuous operation was achieved with no gas preheat and no natural gas augmented heating. During this test period, the average fuel reactor temperature ranged from 780 to 825 °C, the air reactor temperature ranged from 930 to 960 °C, and the natural gas to CO2 conversion ranged from 50 to 65%. Analysis of the oxygen carrier after the test indicated that there were no significant changes in the particle size or the surface morphology.
Development and evaluation of a healthy coping voice interface application using the Google home for elderly patients with type 2 diabetes

Patient self-management of diabetes is crucial to reducing its chronic progression and serious future health complications. Due to the physical and emotional complexities of diabetes, adherence to self-care activities can quickly decline because of disheartening progress. While there exists technology that caters to diabetic self-management, the current state of the art mostly assists patients through mobile applications. For the elderly, these mobile apps are marginally effective and even frustrating to use. Therefore, this project proposes Healthy Coping with Diabetes, a Google Home assistant application that acts as an innovative intervention strategy to assist elderly patients with self-management of type 2 diabetes. This application framework combines the voice interface of Google Home for hosting the conversational agent and a web interface for data visualization in order to reduce the burden of monitoring diabetic consequences for the user. We perform a feature-based comparison of our application against currently available mobile apps to determine the relative fulfillment of official American Association of Diabetes Educators self-management components. Finally, we calculate standard usability metrics to receive feedback and further improve the application capabilities.
Providing meaningful information: Part B—Bibliometric analysis

Abstract Bibliometrics are increasingly being used not only to evaluate scientific research and demonstrate the impact of scientific research programs, but also too often they are used without a full understanding of how they should be generated or interpreted. This presents an opportunity for librarians and informationists. With their preexisting skills and unique position, informationists are perfectly suited to provide accurate and informed bibliometric services to their customers. In this chapter, I will provide a brief introduction to the science of bibliometrics, make the case for informationist involvement in bibliometric analyses, provide a case study on the bibliometric services program at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Library, and offer advice to informationists interested in offering bibliometric services to their customers.
How Should Trainee Autonomy and Oversight Be Managed in the Setting of Overlapping Surgery

Overlapping surgeries are ethical provided the attending physician discloses the role of the trainee and oversees critical portions of the surgeries.
A NON LINEAR INTEGRAL AND A BANG-BANG THEOREM

Publisher Summary This chapter describes a nonlinear integral and a bang–bang theorem. In systems theory, the bang–bang theorem plays a very important role. The Lyapunov theorem asserts that the range of an Rn valued vector measure is compact convex is an immediate consequence of the theorem. The bang–bang theorem for finite-dimensional linear systems is stated as any point that is reachable by a control taking values in some compact convex set U of R is reachable by a control taking values on the extreme points of U. It is well-known that, in general, theorem is false when the dimension is infinite. Recently, polygonial functions have been studied to represent a few operators on the space of functions of bounded variation, as they form a dense subset of that space. The key property of polygonial functions is that they are dense in the set of functions of bounded variation.
Ecofeminism as Politics: Nature, Marx, and the Postmodern

In 2017, Zed Books published a second edition of Ariel Salleh’s Ecofeminism as Politics, featuring two new forwards written by Vandana Shiva and John Clark, respectively, and a 2009 interview with ...
Germ Proof Your Kids

Parents feel incredible anxiety about their children contracting nasty germs and untreatable diseases. News sources are increasingly filled with stories of contaminated hamburger, Bird flu, common colds, and the West Nile virus. In a world seemingly full of microscopic danger, where can concerned parents turn to protect their kids? Finally, a respected pediatrician and infectious diseases expert brings common sense and real science to answer parents' most pressing questions about the warfare that germs are waging on their children. Germ Proof Your Kids: The Complete Guide to Protecting (without Overprotecting) Your Family from Infections, is the inside source on germ defense – from antibiotics and vaccines to health foods and home remedies. Written by internationally respected pediatrician and infectious diseases specialist Harley Rotbart, Germ Proof Your Kids offers an accessible, comprehensive handbook for parents and physicians. By combining the latest scientific findings on disease prevention and treatment with the ages-old wisdom of Mom and Grandma, Dr. Rotbart demystifies childhood infections. While written for parents, this volume also serves as a perfect office manual for physicians, providing the up-to-date, concise information that doctors need to educate parents about germs and the best available treatment options. Key Features and Benefits Provides an easy-to-use home reference book of childhood infections and methods of prevention and treatment Includes valuable explanations of the array of defenses against germs and infections Answers parents’ most pressing questions, such as "Are vaccines safe?" and "What are the risks of antibiotics?" Presents a wide array of approaches to infection prevention—from vaccines and vitamin supplements to antibiotics and air purifiers Presents material in easy-to-read language, with a light and humorous tone for parents, while offering scientific information detailed and precise enough to satisfy the physician readers as well Presents relevant information for kids of all ages, from the crib through college Paperback, 380 pages.
The 5Ts: Preliminary Development of a Framework to Support Inclusion of Older Adults in Research.

Background/Objectives To address the underrepresentation of older adults in clinical research, the National Institutes of Health will require investigators to include individuals across the lifespan. As investigators from other fields endeavor to recruit participants who are more representative of the patient population, geriatricians may have the opportunity to influence a broad range of research studies in older adults. Our aims were to elicit challenges to inclusion of older adults in clinical research and to develop a preliminary framework for communicating these challenges to non–geriatrics‐trained researchers. Design Communication framework development. Setting Academic hospital and Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Participants Nongeriatrician researchers and staff, aging research experts. Measurements Interviews were used to elicit challenges nongeriatrician investigators and research staff experience when conducting research that includes older adults and then solicit experienced aging researchers' responses to these challenges. Results Challenges described by nongeriatrician investigators included lack of knowledge, rigid study structures, and a disease‐focused approach. Responses from our geriatrics experts included communicating practical advice for avoiding common pitfalls. Our resulting framework is the 5Ts: Target Population, Team, Tools, Time, and Tips to Accommodate. This tool complements the 5Ms (Mind, Mobility, Medications, Multicomplexity, and Matters Most to Me) model for geriatric care and emphasizes representation of the Target Population, building research Teams that include aging expertise, incorporating appropriate Tools for function and patient‐reported outcomes, anticipating Time for longer study visits, and accommodating common needs with practical Tips. Limitations include convenience sampling and lack of formal qualitative thematic analysis. Conclusion Communicating with nongeriatrician researchers using the 5Ts may offer a practical approach to avoiding barriers to inclusion of older adults in research and complements an existing framework for communicating the value of geriatric medicine. Next steps in developing the 5Ts will be to include additional stakeholders (eg, national samples of nongeriatrician investigators, older adults and their families) and evaluating the impact of its implementation. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:342–346, 2019.
Evaluation of Knee Cartilage Diurnal, Activity, and BMI-Related Variations Using Quantitative T2 Mapping MRI and Fitbit Activity Tracking.

The aim of this study is to evaluate diurnal variation in knee cartilage 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 mapping relaxation times, as well as activity- and body mass index (BMI)-dependent variability, using quantitative analysis of T2 values from segmented regions of the weight-bearing articular surfaces of the medial and lateral femoral condyles and tibial plateaus. Ten healthy volunteers' daily activity (steps) were tracked with Fitbit pedometers. Sagittal MRI T2 maps were obtained in the morning and afternoon on days 2 and 3. Mean T2 values were analyzed for variation related to the number of steps taken (activity), time of day (diurnal variation), and BMI using mixed effect model. Significant (albeit small) differences in the medial femoral and medial tibial cartilage regions were identified between morning and afternoon scans (diurnal variation). Daily activity did not result in significant changes and increasing BMI only demonstrated a slight increase in T2 values for the lateral tibial plateau. These findings suggest that it may be necessary to control diurnal variation when using quantitative MRI T2 mapping to assess articular cartilage longitudinally in healthy participants. Further investigation is needed to confirm these findings and determine if they also apply to symptomatic patients.
Extremes in evaporative demand and their implications for droughts and drought monitoring in the 21st century

Abstract Evaporative demand (E0) both drives and responds to droughts based on interactions across the land surface-atmosphere interface, and can be exploited to signal agricultural, hydrologic, and ecological droughts. In this chapter, we argue that using a fully physically based measure of E0 moves the drought community toward a more complete understanding of drought processes that will enhance its abilities with regard to early warning and drought monitoring in the present day and drought-risk assessment under future climate change scenarios. We examine regional characteristics in E0 and their behavior during droughts in the recent historical period across different hydroclimates. We review physical mechanisms driving extremes in E0 and how climate change could influence their behavior in both driving and responding to extreme droughts in the 21st century. Finally, we discuss plant physiological responses under elevated atmospheric CO2 and their consequences for drought and heat stress on plants.
Pragmatic application of manipulation versus mobilization to the upper segments of the cervical spine plus exercise for treatment of cervicogenic headache: a randomized clinical trial.

Background The effectiveness of manipulation versus mobilization for the management of spinal conditions, including cervicogenic headache, is conflicting. However, a pragmatic approach comparing manipulation to mobilization has not been examined in a patient population with cervicogenic headache. Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of manipulation compared to mobilization applied in a pragmatic fashion for patients with cervicogenic headache. Methods Forty-five (26 females) patients with cervicogenic headache (mean age 47.8 ± SD 16.9 years) were randomly assigned to receive either pragmatically selected manipulation or mobilization. Outcomes were measured at baseline, the second visit, discharge, and 1-month follow-up and included the Neck Disability Index (NDI), Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), the Global Rating of Change (GRC), the Patient Acceptable Symptoms Scale (PASS). The primary aim (effects of treatment on disability and pain were examined with a mixed-model analysis of variance (ANOVA), with treatment group (manipulation versus mobilization) as the between subjects variable and time (baseline, 48 hours, discharge and follow-up) as the within subjects variable. Results The interaction for the mixed model ANOVA was not statistically significant for NDI (p = 0.91), NPRS (p = 0.81), or HIT (p = 0.89). There was no significant difference between groups for the GRC or PASS. Discussion and conclusion The results suggest that manipulation has similar effects on disability, pain, GRC, and cervical range of motion as mobilization when applied in a pragmatic fashion for patients with cervicogenic headaches. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03919630.