cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clothed, Female Figure

It wasn't my first family, and I don't have "favorites," but the apart ment where they lived was closer to my old apartment than any other Yd worked in, and so I felt loosened, as if my whole body were the tongue of a sentimental drunk, susceptible to love and forgiveness. The mother, Ivy, was a civil rights lawyer, and the father, Wendell, was an artist. He was ten years younger than she was?why should it matter? Because she wore the yoke of someone abused rather than amused by youth's indulgences. Oddly enough she had a boyish build in contrast to her heavy harness, and from my position (I admit there is some dignity in distance), here was a mismatch with which mischievous fairies entertained each other. New Yorkers do not like to venture too far west or too far east, their compasses set to the moral equilibrium of Fifth Avenue. Ivy and Wendell's building, a narrow brownstone washed down like a bar of soap, was far to the west, between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues. Chelsea, Wendell insisted, which even I knew was an affect, used to both mock and elevate his circumstances. From the roof, accessed by a hatch Pollocked in pigeon droppings, you could see the Hudson River. I had been able to see it from the roof of my own first apartment. A sense of hope never failed me, walking west, into the sunset... although when I arrived for work it was always cinder gray morning. Ivy and Wendell slept on a Murphy bed in the living room. It hinged precariously off the wall, reminding me of Russia, where the walls really do fall in protest of their cheap construction. Leah, age six, occupied the bedroom, with a ceiling of antique china. She wore frocks that twisted around her pencil body and her ears pushed through her hair like snouts. She read to herself, poetry. By our Russian giantess, Anna Akhmatova, Leah had read "Evening"; she had also read Tsvetayeva, and Emily Dickinson. "She read at three," said Ivy, more dutifully than proudly, I noticed.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN ENDOTOXIN ASSOCIATED WITH LOSS OF BIOLOGICAL POTENCY

Ribi, Edgar (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton, Mont.), Willard T. Haskins, Kelsey C. Milner, Robert L. Anacker, Daniel B. Ritter, Granville Goode, Robert-John Trapani, and Maurice Landy. Physicochemical changes in endotoxin associated with loss of biological potency. J. Bacteriol. 84:803-814. 1962.-The preparation of endotoxins whose gross chemical composition approached that of refined polysaccharide haptenes raised anew the question of which features of composition and structure are essential for their characteristic host reactivity. Alterations in the physicochemical, immunochemical, and biological properties of Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin subjected to hydrolysis with 0.1 n acetic acid were therefore investigated to relate physical characteristics to biological attributes. As hydrolysis proceeded, the decline in biological potency was paralleled by dissociation of endotoxin into particles of the size of haptenic polysaccharide. The potency still present at various stages of hydrolysis could be accounted for by residual undissociated endotoxin. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a macromolecular complex of critical size is one of the major requirements for endotoxin to elicit its characteristic effects in the mammalian host.
The symmetric baroclinic instability of an equatorial current

Abstract The stability of a baroclinic zonal current to symmetric perturbations on an equatorial β-plane is considered. The fluid is assumed to be Boussinesq, inviseid, adiabatic, hydrostatic, and stably stratified. The solutions exhibit the same stability properties as those on an f-plane: instability occurs whenever Ri < 1/(1 + d), where Ri is the Richardson number and d is a measure of the horizontal shear of the current; the most unstable motions tend to parallel the isotherms of potential temperature; and they have infinitely small scales of variation perpendicular to the isotherms. The variation of Coriolis parameter leads to one important difference in the structure of the eigenfunctions: the rapidly growing modes are concentrated in high latitudes, and the slowly growing ones in low latitudes. The suggestion that the symmetric cloud bands observed at low latitudes in Jupiter's atmosphere are caused by symmetric instabilities is re-examined in the light of these results. These cloud bands would hav...
Electron Diffraction and Micrographic Study of the High-Temperature Changes in Illite and Montmorillonite Under Continuous Heating Conditions

Transmission and diffraction electron micrographs were made of illite and montmorillonite to study the changes that take place as the clays were heated continuously to 1200°C. In both of the clay minerals studied, expulsion of a highly fluid material occurred subsequent to dehydroxylation and prior to the development of the first-formed high temperature phases. It was hypothesized that this material represented the expulsion of constituents in the clay in excess of those needed for the formation of the first high-temperature phase. Electron diffraction indicates that the high-temperature phases that formed all developed with some preferential orientation, and were strongly influenced in their development by the structure of the original clay.
Energy storage in a fluidized bed

An experimental study was performed to investigate the possible use of a compound that undergoes solid-to-solid phase transformation for energy storage in a fluidized bed configuration, and to determine the heat transfert characteristics of this system
Inhibition of Hippocampal Kindling by Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Antisense Oligonucleotides

Recent work has shown that metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) increase in response to seizure activity and can contribute significantly to the expression and progression of partial seizures. Using the kindling model of temporal lobe seizures, we evaluated the ability of local hippocampal injections of mGluR1 antisense or mGluR3 antisense oligonucleotides to suppress receptor expression and alter hippocampal kindling. Daily antisense injections in the hippocampus resulted in a significant decrease in mGluR1 or mGluR2/3 immunoreactivity. Rats injected with mGluR3 antisense showed a brief suppression of afterdischarge duration when compared to matched rats injected with a nonsense-oligonucleotide. Rats injected with a mGluR1 antisense oligonucleotide had a dramatic suppression of the rate of seizure progression with no significant effect on afterdischarge duration. Suppression of mGluR1 synthesis by local antisense inhibition may provide a new therapeutic approach for the control of epileptogenesis.
New Data on Minting, Seigniorage, and the Money Supply in Spain (Castile), 1597–1643☆☆☆

Abstract This article presents previously unpublished Spanish Monarchy mint output and seigniorage data for the period 1597 to 1643. Spain dominated western European minting with silver and gold outputs that equaled or exceeded those of the late 16th century. After 1624, output and market share fell to lower means with greater fluctuations, apparently for war-related reasons. The Monarchy episodically issued petty money which pushed silver and gold money out of Castile. Thus, petty money issues after 1624 were mainly inflationary. The Monarchy collected significant seigniorage from both types of money. The data seem consistent with a modern quantity view of the Spanish Price Revolution.
Generating synthetic data from marginal fitting for testing the efficacy of data-mining tools

Testing data-mining tools during their development, or comparing the accuracy of alternative tools designed to achieve the same goal, requires having instances of the data sets on which the tools will operate. The diverse and massive nature of input data sets limits the practicality of obtaining test data sets through statistical sampling, and accessibility to public data sets is often limited as a result of proprietary and privacy rights that protect many sources of data. A natural alternative to obtaining actual data sets is to generate synthetic data sets. Usually partial information about associations between attributes on the data set will be available. This paper addresses the problem of how to integrate all the partial information into a non-parametric synthetic data generation scheme. The goal is to devise a scheme that incorporates all the information that can be found about associations between attributes, but not to force additional structure (e.g. distribution assumptions) into the scheme. The...
Influenza immunizations provided by EMS agencies: the MEDICVAX Project.

Objective. Emergency medical services (EMS) agencies may be an underutilized resource for provision of preventive health services. This study sought to demonstrate the feasibility for EMS agencies to provide influenza immunizations. Methods. This prospective, observational cohort study was conducted with urban, suburban, and rural EMS agencies that volunteered to participate. EMS managers and paramedics attended an orientation program, and then developed and implemented recruitment strategies. Adult volunteer subjects who met Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for influenza vaccination were enrolled. Paramedics obtained informed consent, determined subject eligibility, administered the vaccine, and observed each subject for 10 minutes. Paramedics, EMS managers, and subjects completed surveys; EMS managers reported costs and resource utilization. Data were analyzed descriptively. Results. Ninety paramedics from 15 EMS agencies in three counties participated. Subjects were recruited by prin...
Dynamic Modeling and Stability Analysis of Water-Cooled Centrifugal Chillers

This paper presents a study on the dynamics of a water-cooled centrifugal chiller from two aspects: dynamic simulation modeling and stability analysis. First, the transient model is developed in Modelica with Dymola and the TLK/IfT Library (TIL). The centrifugal compressor is modeled in detail based on the turbomachinery theory. The chiller capacity control is achieved by the combination of variable inlet guide vane (VIGV) and variable speed drive (VSD). The shell-and-tube heat exchangers are discretized based on the finite volume method with convenient and numerically efficient two-phase property evaluations. A thermal expansion valve (TXV) is used to regulate the mass flow rate. These models are interconnected to form a centrifugal chiller system. Second, the stability of the chiller is studied based on Lyapunov analysis. The centrifugal chiller is effectively a “closed-loop” concatenation of the centrifugal compressor, condenser, expansion device and evaporator because the refrigerant flow stays within the closed path of the chiller system. The inherent unstable aspect of the compressor dynamics (e.g. surge) becomes more intrigued because the input and output flow are correlated, as compared to the typical “open-loop” centrifugal compressor applications such as compressed air systems or turbochargers. The Lyapunov stability analysis presented herein constructs partial foundation for future nonlinear control design for the centrifugal chiller systems.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Leptin and the Systems Neuroscience of Meal Size Control

Abstract The development of effective pharmacotherapy for obesity will benefit from a more complete understanding of the neural pathways and the neurochemical signals whose actions result in the reduction of the size of meals. This review examines the neural control of meal size and the integration of two principal sources of that control – satiation signals arising from the gastrointestinal tract and CNS leptin signaling. Four types of integrations that are central to the control of meal size are described and each involves the neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the dorsal hindbrain. Data discussed show that NTS neurons integrate information arising from: (1) ascending GI-derived vagal afferent projections, (2) descending neuropeptidergic projections from leptin-activated arcuate and paraventricular nucleus neurons, (3) leptin signaling in NTS neurons themselves and (4) melanocortinergic projections from NTS and hypothalamic POMC neurons to NTS neurons and melanocortinergic modulation of vagal afferent nerve terminals that are presynaptic to NTS neurons.
Influences of Multi-Scale Habitat on Metabolism in a Coastal Great Lakes Watershed

Spatial heterogeneity influences ecosystem structure and function across multiple habitat scales. Although primary production and respiration are fundamental to energy cycling in aquatic ecosystems, we know relatively little about how habitat scale influences metabolism. In this study, we adopted a multi-scale habitat approach to evaluate primary production and respiration in a coastal Great Lakes watershed that is experiencing pressure from past, present, and anticipated future human activities. We divided the watershed into five macrohabitats (stream, river, wetland, drowned-river mouth lake, and Great Lake), two mesohabitats (benthic and water column), and four microhabitats (periphytic substrates: sand/sediment, rock, wood, and plant) for evaluation of spatial patterns and synchrony in metabolism. Factors that influenced patterns of metabolism were scale dependent. Algal biomass strongly influenced spatial patterns in metabolism at the meso- and microhabitat scales; greater algal biomass translated to higher areal-specific and lower chlorophyll-specific metabolism at benthic mesohabitat and sand/sediment and rock microhabitats. Benthic metabolism overwhelmed water column metabolism, irrespective of location or time of year. Watershed position was important at the macrohabitat scale, with greater overall metabolism in macrohabitats located lower in the watershed. Average synchrony in metabolism rates was greatest at the macrohabitat scale, suggesting metabolic patterns that are evident at finer scales may become integrated at coarser scales. Our results (1) show that spatial and temporal patterns in metabolism are shaped by factors that are dependent upon habitat scale; (2) highlight the importance of benthic productivity across habitat and season; and (3) suggest that hydrologic connectivity strongly influences ecosystem processes, although physical factors can affect these responses as evidenced by the low levels of synchrony between Lake Michigan and the other macrohabitats.
DIABETES MELLITUS IN OBESE AFRICAN-AMERICAN CHILDREN WITH ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS: CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS. 559

DIABETES MELLITUS IN OBESE AFRICAN-AMERICAN CHILDREN WITH ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS: CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS. 559
China Over/Under: Exploring Urban China's Informal Markets

China's political and industrial leaders are striving to transform the most populous country in the world from the 20th century's “global workshop” into the 21st century's “global innovator”. In sharp contrast to these lofty ambitions, each day a force of 260 million migrant laborers (equal to the population of the world's ten largest cities combined) struggles simply to put food on the table while still having enough income to save or send home to their families. When work becomes too scarce, however, one of the only options left is to take to the streets to try and sell whatever and wherever possible. This is a visual journey through how an illegal street market in 21st century China looks, sounds, and feels, where listeners will meet some of the people that rely upon them for survival and come to understand the forces that threaten their existence.
Reactions of sodium manganese pentacarbonyl with α,ω-diacyl halides

Abstract The reactions between ClCO(CH 2 ) n COCl ( n = 2, 3, 4 or 5) and sodium manganese pentacarbonyl have been studied and the major products isolated and characterized. Based upon infrared, proton magnetic resonance and molecular weight measurements, an unusual ring structure, , is proposed for the products obtained from succinyl chloride ( n = 2) and glutaryl chloride ( n = 3). Acid hydrolysis of the ring system yields the acids (CO) 5 MnCO(CH 2 ) n CO 2 H which were characterized as their methyl esters. Adiply and pimelyl chlorides yield products whose physical properties and elemental composition are consistent with the formulation (CO) 5 MnCO(CH 2 ) n COMn(CO) 5 , where n = 4 and 5, respectively.
Transmission electron microscopy study of solvent-induced phase morphologies of environmentally responsive mixed homopolymer brushes on silica particles.

We report in this work a transmission electron microscopy study of phase morphologies of environmentally responsive mixed poly(t-butyl acrylate) (PtBA)/polystyrene (PS) brushes and mixed poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)/PS brushes on 180 nm silica particles after treatments with nonselective good solvents and selective solvents, respectively. Mixed PtBA/PS brushes were grown from Y-initiator-functionalized silica particles by sequential atom transfer radical polymerization and nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization. Mixed PAA/PS brushes were prepared from mixed PtBA/PS brushes by removal of the t-butyl groups. For mixed PtBA/PS brushes with PtBA Mn of 24.2 kDa and PS Mn of 23.0 kDa and the corresponding mixed PAA/PS brushes, random worm-like, nearly bicontinuous nanostructures were formed from lateral microphase separation when the particles were cast from nonselective good solvents (chloroform for mixed PtBA/PS brushes and N,N-dimethylformamide for mixed PAA/PS brushes). The feature sizes were on the order of...
Camptothecin and taxol: from discovery to clinic

Camptothecin (CPT) and taxol are secondary metabolites found in the stembark of Camptotheca acuminata, a native of China, and Taxus brevifolia, found in the northwest Pacific coastal region of the USA, respectively. The compounds were isolated through bioassay-guided fractionation of various extracts and through chromatographic fractions. Their unique and hitherto unknown structures were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and X-ray analysis. Both compounds have unique mechanisms of antitumor activity; CPT uniquely inhibits an enzyme, topoisomerase I, involved in DNA replication, while taxol binds to a protein, tubulin, thus inhibiting cell division. Taxol has been called the best new anticancer agent developed from natural products, showing particular efficacy against ovarian cancer. CPT and analogs singly or combined with cisplatinum show efficacy against solid tumors, breast, lung, and colorectal, which hitherto have been unaffected by most cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
Automated image analysis of skeletal muscle fiber cross-sectional area

Morphological characteristics of muscle fibers, such as fiber size, are critical factors that determine the health and function of the muscle. However, at this time, quantification of muscle fiber cross-sectional area is still a manual or, at best, a semiautomated process. This process is labor intensive, time consuming, and prone to errors, leading to high interobserver variability. We have developed and validated an automatic image segmentation algorithm and compared it directly with commercially available semiautomatic software currently considered state of the art. The proposed automatic segmentation algorithm was evaluated against a semiautomatic method with manual annotation using 35 randomly selected cross-sectional muscle histochemical images. The proposed algorithm begins with ridge detection to enhance the muscle fiber boundaries, followed by robust seed detection based on concave area identification to find initial seeds for muscle fibers. The final muscle fiber boundaries are automatically delineated using a gradient vector flow deformable model. Our automatic approach is accurate and represents a significant advancement in efficiency; quantification of fiber area in muscle cross sections was reduced from 25-40 min/image to 15 s/image, while accommodating common quantification obstacles including morphological variation (e.g., heterogeneity in fiber size and fibrosis) and technical artifacts (e.g., processing defects and poor staining quality). Automatic quantification of muscle fiber cross-sectional area using the proposed method is a powerful tool that will increase sensitivity, objectivity, and efficiency in measuring muscle adaptation.
O3 profiles retrieved from limb scatter measurements: Theory

An algorithm is presented for retrieving vertical profiles of O3 concentration using measurements of UV and visible light scattered from the limb of the atmosphere. The UV measurements provide information about the O3 profile in the upper and middle stratosphere, while only visible wavelengths are capable of probing the lower stratospheric O3 profile. Sensitivity to the underlying scene reflectance is greatly reduced by normalizing measurements at a tangent height high in the atmosphere (∼55 km), and relating measurements taken at lower altitudes to this normalization point. To decrease the effect of scattering by optically thin aerosols/clouds that may be present in the field of view, these normalized measurements are then combined by pairing wavelengths with strong and weak O3 absorption. Excluding pointing errors, we conclude that limb scatter can be used to measure O3 between 15 km and 50 km with 2–3 km vertical resolution and better than 10% accuracy.
Forgiveness of Interpersonal Offenses in Younger and Older Roman Catholic Women

Forgiveness involves replacing negative thoughts, feelings, and behaviors with constructive responses following an interpersonal offense. Although older adults report themselves to be more forgiving than younger adults, it is unclear why. The current study examined forgiveness of specific offenses in two samples of Roman Catholic women. Participants wrote about an interpersonal offense and completed a multi-dimensional measure of forgiveness with regard to the offense. On 5 of 10 dimensions, older women (n = 26; mean age = 74 years) were significantly more forgiving of specific offenses than were younger women (n = 37; mean age = 19 years). Religiousness/spirituality and current hurt/anger about the offense partially mediated the associations between age group and forgiveness. The results support models of successful aging, with older women showing greater likelihood of responding to interpersonal conflicts with forgiveness.
A Theoretical Study of the St. Louis Heat Island: Comparisons Between Observed Data and Simulation Results on the Urban Heat Island Circulation

Abstract A three-dimensional primitive model was used to predict the early afternoon wind velocity field over St. Louis, Missouri. Four case studies were then performed where model results at various levels were compared with observed data from the METROMEX network. With proper initialization, the model very closely simulated actual conditions, the main feature of which was the urban heat island circulation. In-consistencies were due mainly to synoptic-scale changes and air mass anomalies, which the model is not designed to handle, and to limitations in the data associated with the network density.
Mosquitoes: Female Monogamy Induced by Male Accessory Gland Substance

Male accessory glands were implanted in virgin females of Aedes aegypti. When exposed to males, females copulated readily but were not inseminated; they remained sterile for life. Extract from one male could sterilize more than 64 females. The active principle may be a protein or peptide. Intraspecific transplant prevented insemination in 12 species, including Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex; interspecific transplant gave partial protection.
Intertemporal relationships between industrialized economies

This paper describes a multivariate time series analysis of the intertemporal relations between industrial production in seven different western economies. A major thrust of the study was an attempt to provide a time series validation of the results from the Project LINK global econometric model. The analysis was also used as a further examination of empirical support for the existence of an international business cycle.
Species Specificity in the Biosynthesis of Branched Paraffins in Leaves

Isobutyrate-1-14C and l-isoleucine-U-14C fed through the petiole labeled the surface lipids of broccoli leaves, but the incorporation was much less than from straight chain precursors. Not more than one-third of the 14C incorporated into the surface lipids was found in the C29 paraffin and derivatives, whereas more than two-thirds of the 14C from straight chain precursors are usually found in these compounds. The small amount of 14C incorporated into the paraffin fraction was found in the n-C29 paraffin rather than branched paraffins showing that the 14C in the paraffin must have come from degradation products. Radio gas-liquid chromatography of the saturated fatty acids showed that, in addition to the n-C16 acid which was formed from both branched precursors, isoleucine-U-14C gave rise to branched C15, C17, and C19 fatty acids, and isobutyrate-1-14C gave rise to branched C16 and C18 acids. Thus the reason for the failure of broccoli leaf to incorporate branched precursors into branched paraffins is not the unavailability of branched fatty acids, but the absolute specificity of the system that synthesizes paraffins, probably the elongation-decar-boxylation enzyme complex. Consistent with this view, no labeled branched fatty acids longer than C19 could be found in the broccoli leaf. The branched fatty acids were also found in the surface lipids indicating that the epidermal layer of cells did have access to branched chains. Thus the paraffin synthesizing enzyme system is specific for straight chains in broccoli, but the fatty acid synthetase is not.
New Data on Sources of Obsidian Artifacts from Tikal, Guatemala

In 1984, 29 obsidian artifacts and an unworked nodule from Tikal were attributed to source by visual means and then analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). We conclude that the considerable within-source optical variability of gray Mesoamerican obsidians makes visual sourcing unreliable at present, although a corpus of descriptions of the optical characteristics of obsidian may eventually provide a way to exclude possible sources. The XRF analysis identified two additional central Mexican sources, bringing to six the number of Mexican obsidian sources represented at Tikal; failed to provide a secure identification for the nodule; supported the succession of Guatemalan obsidian sources utilized by the Southern Lowland Maya previously proposed by Nelson; and suggested other correlations between source, artifact type, and archaeological context.
Sexual Functioning and Head and Neck Cancer

Abstract This pilot study focused on sexual functioning in patients with head and neck cancer, a subject that has received only limited attention. Thirty-six patients whose treatment had ended at least one year before the study completed the Dyadic Adjustment Scale and two questionnaires dealing with sexual functioning. A relatively high rate of refusal to participate in the study suggested sensitivity and discomfort about discussing sexual issues. At the same time, more than three-fourths of the patients who did participate rated their sex life as “somewhat” to “very important,” and half reported sexual problems. The findings suggest that sexual functioning is important to patients with head and neck cancer and that the subject should be addressed although the disease site does not directly affect sexual organs.
Tectonic model explaining divergent contraction directions along the Cascadia subduction margin, Washington

Differential motion across the central Cascadia subduction boundary in Washington results in a complex pattern of folds and faults within the shelf and onshore parts of the accretionary margin. Faults and folds above a coastal, north-northwest–trending thrust system provide evidence of ongoing subduction-related contraction. South of this coastal thrust system many fold axes and thrust faults trend east-northeast, in the direction of convergence. These structures are not consistent with a simple subduction system undergoing northeastward convergence. This deformation, adjacent to the boundary between the subduction complex and the Siletz terrane, may be driven by relative convergence between the northward-translating Siletz terrane and the subduction complex. The regional pattern of modern uplift rates is consistent with ongoing north-south contraction across this boundary and the north-south compressional stress field in the area.
Princely Auctoritas or the Freedom of Europe: Justus Lipsius on a Netherlands Political Dilemma

Like not a few of his compatriots, Justus Lipsius changed his allegiance more than once during the long civil war between the Spanish crown and the Dutch rebels. What makes him unusual is that this noted classical scholar was also a voracious and critical consumer of reports about events of his own time and place; Lipsius' voluminous correspondence thus opens a rare window into what the Dutch Revot looked like to an anxious and well-informed citizen of the Low Countries. Unable to live under the tyranny of the duke of Alba, he accepted a post at the University of Leiden; from here he viewed the rebel provinces of the north as a bulwark against a Spanish hegemony that threatened to engulf Europe. Yet, as a devoted adherent of the monarchical principle of government, he found that he also could not live under a "polyarchy" of provicial parliaments, in which, as Lipsius saw things, wealthy burghers governed in their own interest. Hence he took a new position at the University of Louvain, in his native Brabant. It was not at first a fortunate choice, for just as Lipsius moved the military fortunes of the Dutch government changed for the better, while Philip II was distracted by plans to put a Spanish princess on the French throne. Only when Spain's ambitions in France were thwarted by the successes of Henry IV did Lipsius's hopes revive: in Albert and Isabella, 'natural' princes who intended to focus on the southern Netherlands, he seems to have found at last a government he could accept.
A revision and phylogenetic analysis of the spider genus Machadonia Lehtinen (Araneae, Lycosoidea)

The twelve species of Machadonia, all occurring in southern Africa, are revised and illustrated and a key to species is provided. Machadonia is considered as incertae sedis in the superfamily Lycosoidea. The following five new species are proposed: Machadonia meikleae, M. sibyna, M. acaenata, M. transversa, and M. Ieleupi. A cladogram for those 9 species known from both sexes is proposed.
Using group mobility and multihomed mobile gateways to connect mobile ad hoc networks to the global IP Internet

Connecting multihop mobile ad hoc wireless networks (MANETs) to the Internet would enable MANET nodes to share wireless Internet access with mobile hosts that are one-hop away from their foreign networks. The integration of MANETs and the global Internet, however, faces an obstacle due to their network architectural mismatches regarding their infrastructure, topology, and mobility management mechanisms. Solutions to the integration problem should introduce an intermediate facility with hybrid mechanism, enabling it to connect to both networks. The quality of the multihop wireless Internet access service provided to MANET nodes depends on the design quality of this facility in order for MANET nodes to enjoy their Internet connectivity anywhere and anytime without much disconnections. In this paper, we propose hierarchical architecture that uses group mobility and multihomed mobile gateways, and present and analyse different simulations results. A multihomed mobile gateway can simultaneously connect to multiple Mobile IP foreign agents, provided it is located within their overlapping coverage area. It runs updated versions of the destination-sequenced distance vector (DSDV) and Mobile IP protocols, and is responsible for providing MANET nodes with wireless Internet access though they are multiple wireless hops away from the edge of the Internet. The rationale behind using multihoming is to increase reliability of the Internet access service and enhance performance of the integrated network. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ study of ion-beam induced lattice damage in calcium fluoride crystals

Abstract Lattice damage in calcium fluoride induced by 360 keV xenon ion irradiation was measured in situ using Rutherford backscattering and channeling (RBS/C) techniques. Calcium fluoride single crystals of (100) orientation were irradiated at − 115 and 35°C by Xe ion beams along a random direction 15° off the (100) axis. A 2 MeV He ion-beam from a 3 MV tandem accelerator was incident on the CaF2 crystal along the (110) axis to determine the radiation damage. No amorphized layer was observed at both irradiation temperatures up to an irradiation dose of 2 × 1016 Xe/cm2. RBS/C measurements showed that lattice disorder in the irradiated layer saturated at 70% of the random level. Analysis of cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) revealed a damaged but single-crystalline CaF2 layer. This study demonstrates the radiation tolerance of CaF2 under displacive irradiation at low to ambient temperatures.
Viscometric detection of sphere to cylinder transition and polydispersity in aqueous micellar solutions

Abstract Viscosity measurements of aqueous surfactant solutions using a Cannon-Fenske capillary viscometer have been made to examine the conditions under which spherical micelles grow into cylindrical micelles. Surfactants with different polar head groups and hydrocarbon chain lengths have been studied at various solution conditions. The observed transition from spherical to cylindrical micelles is explained in terms of the attractive and repulsive forces associated with the micellization process. Further the viscosity of SDS micellar solutions have been coraputed assuming the size distribution data generated by light scattering measurements. It is found that the relative viscosity calculated for a polydisperse solution is close to that calculated assuming monodispersed, rigid rods having size equal to the weight average aggregation numbers. Also the calculated viscosities compare well with the experimental viscometric data; thus demonstrating the compatibility of micellar size; determined from light scattering and viscometric measurements. Finally, the relative roles of solution polydispersity and micelle flexibility in the interpretation of experimental viscometric data are evaluated.
Designed Appearance Lighting - Revisited

(2001). Designed Appearance Lighting - Revisited. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society: Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 53-64.
The importance of gap states for energy level alignment at hybrid interfaces

Abstract Energy level alignment and electronic structure at organic semiconductor interfaces must be controlled to ensure efficient carrier harvesting or injection in next-generation organic optoelectronic technologies. In this context, hybrid organic/inorganic semiconductor interfaces exhibit particularly rich physics. Here, we show that states in the band gap of the inorganic layered van der Waals dichalcogenide SnS2 play an important role in determining energy level alignment at the hybrid interface with copper phthalocyanine (CuPc). By taking advantage of the closely related CuPc film growth on SnS2 and the well-studied interface of CuPc/HOPG, we are able to trace spectroscopic differences to the fundamentally different electronic interactions across the two interfaces. We provide a detailed picture of the role of gap states at the hybrid interface and shed light on the electronic properties of inorganic semiconductors in general and metal dichalcogenides in particular.
Biosynthesis of tomatidine from cholesterol in Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium

Abstract After administration of cholesterol-4-14C (I) to the leaves and flowers of growing Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium plants, radioactive tomatidine (II) was isolated. The radiochemical purity of tomatidine was established by chromatography, crystallization, and oxidation to tomatidin-3-one.
Performative utterances: A reply to Bach and Harnish

Rejetant la theorie indirecte de l'enonciation performative (ITP) developpee par K. Bach et R. M. Harnish a partir des notions de standardisation et d'indirection, l'A. propose un modele plus plausible de l'enonciation performative fonde sur la classe des conventions illocutoires non-constatives
Improving resource utilization for compositional scheduling using DPRM interfaces

The paper revisits the generation of interfaces for compositional real-time scheduling. Following an established line of research, we use periodic resource models in component interfaces to describe resource demand of the component. We identify a deficiency of existing interface generation algorithms that may require parameters of the resource model to be infeasibly small. We propose a new algorithm for interface generation that avoids this deficiency. We further demonstrate that resource utilization can be improved by using dual-periodic resource model (DPRM) interfaces that employ two periodic resource models to characterize the resource demand more precisely.
Some Influences on the Reform of Schools of Law and Medicine 1890 to 1930

Efforts at educational reform between 1890 and 1930 in New York were more successful in medicine than in law. This paper considers influences favoring medical reform: a rapid introduction of new knowledge and techniques; a national, even international competition for medical esteem; a visible need for expensive instructional facilities; a solid connection of schools of medicine with universities; a strong professional association; and several other forces.
Fabrication and evaluation of a high performance SiC inverter for wireless power transfer applications

In this study, a high power density SiC high efficiency wireless power transfer converter system via inductive coupling has been designed and developed. The detailed power module design, cooling system design and power stage development are presented. The successful operation of rated power converter system demonstrates the feasible wireless charging plan. One of the most important part of this study is the wind bandgap devices packaged at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) using the in-house packaging technologies by employing the bare SiC dies acquired from CREE, which are rated at 50 A/1200 V each. These packaged devices are also in-house tested and characterized using ORNL's Device Characterization Facility. The successful operation of the proposed inverter is experimentally verified and the efficiency and operational characteristics of the inverter are also revealed.
The Design Salon: An Experiment in Participatory Graduate Education

Issue: Alternative educational processes that challenge the traditional classroom hierarchies, authority structures, and knowledge structures should be explored. These processes may provide a venue for integrating societal, cultural, and theoretical issues into graduate interior design education. Goal: The purpose of an experiment in graduate education at Pratt Institute was to create a learning community of faculty and students that develops students' skills in ideation and critique, broadens their knowledge base in terms of design discourse, and encourages radical thinking. Application: The Design Salon is an on-going experience in the Pratt Institute Graduate Interior Design Department. Based on Freire's dialogic model of education, it has created a setting for continuing discourse and exploration of ideas among students and faculty. The Design Salon experience has implications for organizing other courses at Pratt as well as for other graduate interior design programs. Description: The Design Salon, its historical context, requirements, content, and process at Pratt are discussed. An argument is made for incorporating the Design Salon or similar participatory educational experiences into mainstream interior design at the graduate level. Conclusions: The Design Salon represents a step towards a type of education that can create socially responsible designers who challenge the status quo and who are reflective and informed. It has implications that could infuse and fundamentally alter the process and content of graduate design education.
Updating timestamp interval for dynamic adjustment of serialization order in optimistic concurrency control-time interval (OCCTI) protocol

Updating timestamp interval for dynamic adjustment of serialization order in Optimistic Concurrency Control-Time Interval (OCCTI) protocol
COHERENT COMPTON AMPLITUDE AT HIGH ENERGIES

Abstract The real and imaginary parts of the coherent Compton scattering amplitude are connected by a dispersion relation. The existence of both members of this relation is established by an investigation of the high energy behavior of the scattering amplitude. Using a sequence of asymptotic representations and generalized Stieltjes' inequalities for the matrix elements (constructed with Dirac wave functions) it is proved that in the high energy limit: (a) the real part of the scattering amplitude is bounded and (b) the cross sections for the photoelectric effect and s -state “bound” pair-production become equal.
Effect of chitinase antisense RNA expression on disease susceptibility of Arabidopsis plants

Chitinases accumulate in higher plants upon pathogen attack are capable of hydrolyzing chitin-containing fungal cell walls and are thus implicated as part of the plant defense response to fungal pathogens. To evaluate the relative role of the predominate chitinase (class I, basic enzyme) of Arabidopsis thaliana in disease resistance, transgenic Arabidopsis plants were generated that expressed antisense RNA to the class I chitinase. Young plants or young leaves of some plants expressing antisense RNA had <10% of the chitinase levels of control plants. In the oldest leaves of these antisense plants, chitinase levels rose to 37–90% of the chitinase levels relative to vector control plants, most likely because of accumulation and storage of the enzyme in vacuoles. The rate of infection by the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea was measured in detached leaves containing 7–15% of the chitinase levels of control plants prior to inoculation. Antisense RNA was not effective in suppressing induced chitinase expression upon infection as chitinase levels increased in antisense leaves to 47% of levels in control leaves within 24 hours after inoculation. Leaves from antisense plants became diseased at a slightly faster rate than leaves from control plants, but differences were not significant due to high variability. Although the tendency to increased susceptibility in antisense plants suggests that chitinases may slow the growth of invading fungal pathogens, the overall contribution of chitinase to the inducible defense reponses in Arabidopsis remains unclear.
Cryptococcus neoformans: Morphogenesis, infection, and evolution

Cryptococcus neoformans is the major causative agent of fungal meningoencephalitis in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. During infection, this fungus is observed in the yeast form and is only occasionally seen as the pseudohyphal or hyphal form (filamentous forms). Early studies suggested that phase transition of C. neoformans from a multi-cellular filamentous form to the unicellular yeast form might be essential for the survival of this fungus in mammalian hosts. However, how different Cryptococcus morphotypes exhibit different levels of pathogenicity in hosts are unclear. This review discusses the possible roles of each form inside and outside of mammalian hosts and summarizes recent insights on the life cycle and morphogenesis of this fungus and their impact on the pathogenicity. Application of recently developed advanced tools for C. neoformans research may assist in understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms of morphology-associated virulence in this important fungal pathogen. Research on the association between fungal dimorphism and pathogenicity has been traditionally limited to a few related ascomyceteous fungal pathogens. This review is to stimulate discussion and expansion of this type of investigation to a larger group of evolutionary divergent fungi capable of causing systemic fungal infections in humans. Hopefully, a common theme for the convergent evolution of virulence-associated morphology will emerge with future studies.
Children's nighttime fears: Ratings of content and coping behaviors

The subjective ratings of 21 nighttime-fearful children to short phrases with nighttime-fearful content were compared with the ratings of 21 children who exhibited little or no fear at nighttime. Coping responses and parental reports of nighttime fear behavior were also compared. Overall, children reported using self-control more than the other coping categories of social support: clinging to inanimate objects; avoidance or escape — control over inanimate environment; and avoidance or escape — control over others. Fearful children reported more coping behaviors than nonfearful children. Children's reports indicated that the nighttime fear category of security — personal life, loss, or safety was the most highly feared category by all groups. Nighttime fearful children rated as more fearful the categories of imaginal-numinous, inherent characteristics, and the dark than did the non-nighttime-fearful children. The categories of security — personal life, loss, and safety; security — separation or loss of others; dreams; and neutral failed to differentiate the two groups.
Correlates of career progression among Mexican-American college graduates

Abstract Individual and structural correlates of career progression were studied among 111 Mexican-American college graduates. Results of the study were that career progression was correlated to (1) high school grades, (2) tolerance for ambiguity, (3) work ethic, (4) psychological success, and (5) need for achievement. Career progression was related to both the extent of career development programs available and the industry in which the employing organization was located.
Providing subsidies and incentives for Norplant, sterilization and other contraception: allowing economic theory to inform ethical analysis.

Policymakers use financial incentives to achieve a wide variety of public objectives from pollution reduction to the employment of welfare recipients. Combining insights from economic theory with lessons learned from actual implementation this article analyzes the implications of two such policies: first subsidizing contraception and second offering financial incentives to individuals for sterilization or for using a long-term semi-permanent method of contraception such as the Intra-Uterine Device (IUD) Depo-Provera or Norplant. These subsidy and incentive policies achieve their goals through a myriad of individuals who make their reproductive choices in response to particular costs and benefits. Such programs are ethically and politically controversial. In this paper I address the question of whether they can be justified either economically or ethically. The first section of this article presents an economic theory to assess whether a subsidy tax or incentive is economically efficient both generally and in the context of contraception. The second section discusses noneconomic rationales for the use of subsidies and incentives in family-planning programs: philanthropy eugenics and education. In the third section I present data from policy experiments and innovations to determine what are the actual impacts of subsidy and incentive programs. I then simulate the likely effects of three different policies: offering subsidized contraception to all low-income women offering incentives for Norplant use to welfare recipients and offering incentives for any long-acting birth control method to drug addicts. The fourth section considers the ethical and practical objections to incentive programs and the fifth section concludes the article. (authors)