cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Displacement of impella post chest compressions

The Impella is a left ventricular assist device which is implanted via the transcutaneous femoral route and is placed across the aortic valve into the left ventricle. We report an interesting case where cardiopulmonary resuscitation was associated with displacement of Impella device. Impella is being increasingly used these days especially in patients with cardiogenic shock. Clinicians should have high index of suspicion for displacement of Impella in appropriate clinical setting.
Enzymatic Reactions in Liquid and Solid Paraffins: Application for Enzyme–Based Temperature Abuse Sensors

Enzymatic reactions are orders of magnitude faster in liquid paraffins than in solid ones. For example, horseradish peroxidase oxidizes p–anisidine in liquid hexadecane or pentadecane several million fold faster than in the solid hydrocarbons. This effect can be used to design a simple enzymatic sensor for temperature abuse of foods, pharmaceuticals and other thermolabile products.
Specifications And Requirements Of Idealized Radiographic Equipment For Routine Chest Examinations

Routine radiographic chest examinations have been performed under various radiological conditions that have utilized differences of x-ray tube potential, intensifying screen, source-to-image receptor distance (SID), grid, etc. In the process of acquiring chest radiographic equipment for our new radiology facility, purchase specifications were formulated. The specifications were designed so that the x-ray unit would accommodate multiple methods of routine radiographic chest examination. It was to be equipped with an automatic film changer and an automatic film processor. The operation modality of this unit encompasses most, if not all, presently utilized routine radiographic examinations for chest. The specifications of this idealized unit are based on clinical requirements and technological requirements, but at the same time conform with all applicable regulatory restrictions.© (1979) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A Laplace-Transform multiple-scale procedure for the asymptotic solution of weakly non-linear partial differential equations

In this paper we formulate a Laplace-Transform multi-scale expansion procedure to develop asymptotic solutions of weakly non-linear partial differential equations. The method is applied to some general non-linear wave and diffusion equations.
Heavy-Flavor Production at Accelerators

Abstract I discuss heavy flavor production at hadronic facilities. I present total cross sections and differential distributions for top quark, bottom quark, and charm quark production at the Tevatron and LHC colliders, and at fixed-target experiments such as HERA-B. The calculations include complete next-to-leading order corrections as well as higher-order soft-gluon corrections which are important near kinematical threshold.
Utility of the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior for predicting physician behavior: A prospective analysis.

The utility of the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) for prospectively predicting physicians' delivery of preventive services was compared. Primary care physicians (N = 765) completed 2 mail surveys at periods 6 months apart. The addition of perceived behavioral control to the TRA model significantly increased the variance accounted for in behavioral intention and subsequent behavior (p < .001). TPB constructs were related to physicians' intentions to educate adolescents about sexually transmitted disease transmission (R = .52, p < .001) and to their subsequent delivery of this service (R = .63, p < .001). Perceived behavioral control had direct effects on behavior and interacted with social norms and behavioral intentions. Applications of models such as the TRA or TPB have focused primarily on predicting the behavioral intentions and behaviors of patients. Results suggest that these models have relevance for studying the behavior of health care providers as well.
A molecular dynamics study of the structure of band tails in a-Si:H

Abstract Band tail states are routinely invoked in a wide variety of models of a-Si:H including the defect pool models and models of light induced defects. These models describe the band tail states as being localized on a single stretched bond. However there is no theoretical or experimental work to justify these assumptions. In this work we use ab initio calculations to study the structure of these states and confirm that band tail states are delocalized – involving large numbers of atoms as the energy is varied from midgap into the tails. Surprisingly, our work also shows that the valence band tail states are statistically associated with short bonds (not long bonds!) and the conduction-band states with long bonds. Our primary models contain over 500 Si atoms with and without hydrogenation. It turns out that a minimal amount of hydrogen affects the topological structure of the band tail states.
Misión Integral and Progressive Evangelicalism: The Latin American Influence on the North American Emerging Church

Though commonly identified with the conservative politics of the Christian Right, over the past decade evangelicals in the United States have increasingly embraced a more politically progressive range of social concerns. Often treated as something wholly new, this trend actually has roots in Latin American evangelicalism from the 1970s. Latin American theologian/practitioners like C. Rene Padilla and Samuel Escobar of the Latin American Theological Fellowship, promoted a holistic vision of the church’s mission, what they called mision integral, seeking to integrate both evangelism and socio-political involvement on behalf of the poor and oppressed. These Latin American thinkers played a direct role in the rise of progressive evangelicalism in the United States in the 1970s. While overshadowed for a time by the Christian Right, the concept of mision integral and its Latin American exponents has continued to influence the resurgence of progressive social concerns among North American evangelicals in the first decade of the 21st century, and especially those associated with the emerging church movement.
Supporting collaborative design by communities of interest with the envisionment and discovery collaboratory (EDC)

A major role of new media is not to deliver predigested information to individuals, but to provide the opportunity and resources for social debate, discussion, and the creation of new knowledge. In collaborative design, the knowledge to understand, frame, and resolve problems does not exist, but is constructed and evolved during the process, exploiting the power of "symmetry of ignorance" and "breakdowns." From this perspective, access to existing information and knowledge (often seen as the major advance of new media) is a very limiting concept. To illustrate this theoretical approach towards collaborative learning, the participants in this interactive event will engage in collaborative design activities supported by the Envisionment and Discovery Collaboratory (EDC). The EDC merges physical interaction, handheld devices, simulations, end-user modifiability, and evolving web spaces to support a) the integration of problem framing and problem solving, b) the creation of shared understanding articulated as externalizations, and c) computer-supported learning among stakeholders. We will design the interactive event such that the participants will form a community of interest (defined by their collective concern with the resolution of a design problem) as they take on the roles of stakeholders from various communities of practice (such as city planners, transportation designers, and citizens). The event will illustrate the possibilities and limitations of the EDC for providing unique and innovative computer support for collaborative learning.
Endovenous laser treatment to promote venous occlusion

Background and Objectives Current treatment methods of superficial venous insufficiency (SVI) can be painful or result in incomplete occlusion. The objective of this study was to evaluate a technique for laser endovenous ablation with a newly developed diffuser fiber. Study Design/Materials and Methods Six lateral saphenous veins in three goats were used. A specifically designed diffuser laser fiber tip was employed in all trials to deliver a wavelength of 1,064 nm. Each segment was treated with a different energy fluence by changing the power setting of the laser or the withdrawal rate of the fiber. Energy fluence was calculated by dividing the Joules employed for each segment over the internal surface area of the vessel. Segments were evaluated with ultrasound and histologically. Results Seventy-five percent of the segments were occluded when an energy fluence of greater than 85 J/cm2 was employed. No perforations were observed, but perivascular changes were more common at higher energy fluence. Conclusions Endovenous laser occlusion of veins with minimal perivascular effects can be achieved with laser wavelengths of 1,064 nm if an energy fluence of 84.9–224 J/cm2 is employed and circumferential effect is achieved. Lasers Surg. Med. 33:115–118, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Do women prefer female obstetricians

OBJECTIVE: To investigate gender preferences for obstetricians in a hospital setting and to examine its relationship to patient satisfaction. METHODS: Using methods of qualitative analysis, we interviewed a convenience sample of 67 obstetric patients during their postpartum hospital stay, asking open-ended questions about gender preferences of health care providers and satisfaction with health care. RESULTS: Overall, 58% of patients (n = 39) had no preference for physician gender, 34% (n = 23) preferred female physicians, and 7% (n = 5) preferred male physicians. Physicians' interpersonal style, communication style, and technical expertise were considered important characteristics by patients. Although most patients had no preference for physician gender, the majority of patients preferred a female nurse. Patient satisfaction scores were not associated with physician gender. CONCLUSION: Our study found that a majority of women did not prefer a female obstetrician. Our results suggest that physician gender is less important to patients than other physician characteristics.
The rise of interlocking directorates in imperial Germany

Bankers are thought by many to have played an important role as entrepreneurs and overseers in German industrialization, identifying promising new industries and investments, offering managerial advice to their client firms, and monitoring the use of investment funds. The German joint-stock credit banks were, in Gerschenkron’s words, the ‘paragon of the type of the universal bank’. In the writings of Hilferding, Riesser, Jeidels, Wallich, and, more recently, Gerschenkron, the idea has persisted that German universal banks fostered close, long-term relationships with industry and that these associations facilitated a hands-on style of financing. Gerschenkron, among others, claimed that ‘the German banks, and with them the Austrian and Italian banks, established the closest possible relations with industrial enterprises’.
Influence of ethanol on neonatal cerebellum of BDNF gene-deleted animals: analyses of effects on Purkinje cells, apoptosis-related proteins, and endogenous antioxidants.

The sensitivity of the developing central nervous system (CNS) to the deleterious effects of ethanol has been well documented, with exposure leading to a wide array of CNS abnormalities. Certain CNS regions are susceptible to ethanol during well-defined critical periods. In the neonatal rodent cerebellum, a profound loss of Purkinje cells is found when ethanol is administered early in the postnatal period [on postnatal days 4 or 5 (P4–5)], while this neuronal population is much less vulnerable to similar ethanol insult slightly later in the postnatal period (P7–9). Prior studies have shown that neurotrophic factors (NTFs) can be altered by ethanol exposure, and both in vitro and in vivo studies have provided evidence that such substances have the potential to protect against ethanol neurotoxicity. In the present study, it was hypothesized that depletion of an NTF shown to be important to cerebellar development would exacerbate ethanol-related effects within this region, when administration was confined to a normally ethanol-resistant ontogenetic period. For this study, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene-deleted (“knockout”) and wild-type mice were exposed to ethanol via vapor inhalation or to control conditions during the normally ethanol-resistant period (P7 and P8). Two hours after termination of exposure on P8, analyses were made of body weight, crown-rump length, and brain weight. In subsequent investigations, the number and density of Purkinje cells and the volume of cerebellar lobule I were determined, and the expression of anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins and the activities of endogenous antioxidants were assessed. It was found that the BDNF knockouts were significantly smaller than the wild-type animals, with smaller brain weights. Purkinje cell number and density was reduced in ethanol-treated knockout, but not wild-type animals, and the volume of lobule I was significantly decreased in the gene-deleted animals compared to wild-types, but was not further affected by ethanol treatment. The loss of Purkinje cells in the BDNF knockouts was accompanied by decreases in anti-apoptotic Bcl-xl and in phosphorylated (and hence inactivated) pro-apoptotic Bad, and reduced activity of the antioxidant glutathione reductase, while the antioxidant catalase was increased by ethanol treatment in this genotype. In the wild-type animals, anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 was decreased by ethanol treatment, but the pro-apoptotic c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was markedly diminished by ethanol exposure, while the activity of the protective antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly enhanced. These results suggest that neurotrophic factors have the capacity to protect against ethanol neurotoxicity, perhaps by regulation of expression of molecules critical to neuronal survival such as elements of the apoptosis cascade and protective antioxidants. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 51: 160–176, 2002
Placement and Characterization of Pairs of Luminescent Molecules in Spatially Separated Regions of Nanostructured Thin Films

Methods of making mesostructured sol-gel silicate thin films containing two different molecules deliberately placed in two different spatially separated regions in a one-step, one-pot preparation are developed and demonstrated. When the structure-directing agent is the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, the structure is 2-D hexagonal with lattice spacings between 31.6 and 42.1 A depending on the dopant molecules and their concentrations. The three general strategies that are used to place the molecules are philicity (like dissolves like), bonding, and bifunctionality. These strategies take advantage of the different chemical and physical properties of the regions of the films. These regions are the inorganic silicate framework, the hydrophobic organic interior of the micelles, and the ionic interface between them. Luminescent molecules that possess the physical and chemical properties appropriate for the desired strategies are chosen. Lanthanide and ruthenium complexes with condensable trialkoxysilane groups are incorporated into the silicate framework. 1,4-Naphthoquinone, pyrene, rhodamine 6G and coumarin 540A, and lanthanides with no condensable trialkoxysilanes occupy the hydrophobic core of micelles by virtue of their hydrophobicity. The locations of the molecules are determined by luminescence spectroscopy and by luminescence lifetime measurements. In all cases, the long-range order templated into the thin film is verified by X-ray diffraction. The simultaneous placement of two molecules in the structured film and the maintenance of long-range order require a delicate balance among film preparation methodology, design of the molecules to be incorporated in specific regions, and concentrations of all of the species.
One hundred and two consecutive robotic-assisted minimally invasive colectomies--an outcome and technical update

The objective of this study was to review 102 consecutive robotic colectomies at our institution. We evaluated the 8-year experience of one surgeon (DLC) in Peoria, IL using the da Vinci system. An IRB-approved retrospective review was performed. Results were compared with the literature. Changes in technique over the years were evaluated. One hundred and two robotic colectomies, right (59) and sigmoid (43), were performed. Mean age is 63.5 years and mean BMI 27.4 kg/m². Preoperative indications are polyps (53), diverticular disease (27), cancer (19), and carcinoid (3). Mean total case time (TCT) for all cases is 219.6 ± 45.1 (50–380) min, and mean robot operating time (ROT) is 126.6 ± 41.6 (12–306) min. Operative times for Right: Port setup time (PST) 32.4 ± 10.5 (20–64) min, ROT 145.2 ± 39.6 (53–306) min, TCT 212.3 ± 46.4 (50–380) min; times for sigmoid: PST 31.2 ± 9.6 (10–57) min, ROT 101.2 ± 29.2 (12–165) min, TCT 229.7 ± 41.6 (147–323) min. Median length of stay for all patients is 3 (2–27) days. The overall complication rate is 18.6%, the overall conversion rate 8.8%, and the anastomotic leak rate is 0.98%. Residents PGY 1–5 participated in 61 cases (59.8%). We report our updated procedural sequence and technical alterations. Experience has allowed residents to evolve to be primary surgeons. We add our results to the current robotic literature.
Analysis of the inducer-responsive CAR1 upstream activation sequence (UASI) and the factors required for its operation.

Induced production of arginase (CAR1) enzyme activity and steady-state CAR1 mRNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires wild-type ARG80/ARGRI and ARG81/ARGRII gene products. We demonstrate here that these gene products, along with that of the MCM1 gene, are required for the inducer-dependent UASI-A, UASI-B and UASI-C elements to function but they are not required for operation of inducer-independent CAR1 UASC1 or UASC2M. Through the use of single and multiple point mutations, the CAR1 UASI-B and UASI-C elements were demonstrated to be at least 23 bp in length. Moreover, simultaneous mutation of both ends of an elements gave stronger phenotypes than mutations at either end. The center of the element was more sensitive to mutation than were the ends.
Mapping Brain β-Amyloid

Purpose of review: This article reviews recent developments in the field of amyloid imaging using positron emission tomography (PET), specifically the ability to quantify the amount and distribution of brain Aβ, the protein that occupies a central position in leading theories of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Recruitment Processes Among Foreign-Born Engineers and Scientists in Silicon Valley

This article examines the processes by which Indian and Mexican engineers and scientists find employment in the high-technology companies of Silicon Valley. The quantitative and qualitative data used in this study come from the U.S. Census (1990 Public Use Microdata Samples) and from 20 case studies of Indian and Mexican professionals. There is a much larger concentration of foreign-born engineers and scientists in Silicon Valley than in other high-technology regions of the United States. These immigrants play a crucial role in this knowledge-based industry because they have much higher levels of education than their native counterparts. The recruitment and hiring of these workers underscore the importance of the operation of social networks. They either worked for subsidiaries of U.S. companies located abroad or were students at U.S. universities. Some others entered the country as children of immigrant families or are “high-tech braceros,” that is, temporary workers holding nonimmigrant visas.
Women With Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction Have Diminished Ankle and Hip Muscle Performance

Study Design Controlled laboratory study using a cross-sectional design. Objectives To characterize ankle and hip muscle performance in women with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) and compare them to matched controls. We hypothesized that ankle plantar flexor strength, and hip extensor and abductor strength and endurance, would be diminished in women with PTTD and this impairment would be on the side of dysfunction. Background Individuals with PTTD demonstrate impaired walking abilities. Walking gait is strongly dependent on the performance of calf and hip musculature. Methods Thirty-four middle-aged women (17 with PTTD) participated. Ankle plantar flexor strength was assessed with the single-leg heel raise test. Hip muscle performance, including strength and endurance, were dynamometrically measured. Differences between groups and sides were assessed with a mixed-model analysis of variance. Results Females with PTTD performed significantly fewer single-leg heel raises and repeated sagittal and ...
Genetic transformation of a halophilic archaebacterium with a gas vesicle gene cluster restores its ability to float

Abstract The halophilic archaebacterium, Halobacterium halobium , and many other aquatic bacteria synthesize gas-filled vesicles for notation. We recently identified a cluster of 13 genes ( gvpMLKJIHGFEDACN ) on a 200-kb H. halobium plasmid, pNRC100, involved in gas vesicle synthesis. We have cloned and reconstructed the gvp gene cluster on an H. halobium-E. coli shuttle plasmid. Transformation of H. halobium Vac − mutants lacking the entire gas vesicle gene region with the gvp gene cluster results in restoration of their ability to float. These results open the way toward further genetic analysis of gas vesicle gene functions and directed flotation of other microorganisms with potential biotechnological applications.
Evidence for a cholinergic projection to neocortex from neurons in basal forebrain

Abstract Unilateral stereotaxic injection of 3.5 nmol of kainic acid into the ventral globus pallidus of rats reduced biochemical cholinergic neuronal markers by 45-50% and virtually eliminated histochemical staining for acetylcholinesterase in neocortex ipsilateral to the lesion. At the lesion site, the large, multipolar neurons that stain densely for acetylcholinesterase were absent when compared with the uninjected side. Kainate was as effective as electrocoagulation for reducing cholinergic markers although it did not affect aminergic projections ascending through the lesioned area. The conclusion that the cholinergic projection originated in neuronal perikarya at the lesion site was supported by the failure of kainate or electrolytic lesions in contiguous regions to produce similar effects. These studies provide strong evidence for a cholinergic projection to neocortex from neurons in the forebrain in the nucleus basalis.
Can passive recruitment explain harpacticoid copepod distributions in relation to epibenthic structure

The importance of epibenthic structure and food in determining harpacticoid copepod densities was examined. Short-term recruitment of total harpacticoids, harpacticoid nauplii, Harpacticus spp., Tachidius triangularis Shen & Tai, Huntemannia jadensis Poppe, and interstitial harpacticoids into paired, defaunated sediment containers with mimic marsh grass or no structure was monitored in three field experiments. Although few statistically significant recruitment differences between these treatments were found, there was a general pattern of higher recruitment into one type of treatment for each experiment. In the first two experiments, higher abundances were usually found in the no-structure member of a treatment pair. These results matched those of a flume study in which less particulate matter accumulated within an area with structure compared to structureless areas. In the third experiment, the pattern was reversed. Trends in harpacticoid colonization among sampling periods were similar to that of bulk sediment transport. Harpacticoids responded positively to an enriched treatment created by allowing sediment containers to develop a rich microbial flora prior to deployment in the field, compared to an unenriched treatment. This positive response suggests that behavior can be important in determining local harpacticoid abundance. We conclude that passive recruitment alone cannot explain small-scale spatial distributions of harpacticoids.
The solubility of gases under pressure in liquid propellants

Abstract A corresponding states correlation has been developed for the solubility of pure gases and mixtures in LGP 1846, a HAN based liquid propellant [1]. For nitrogen, methane, xenon, krypton, and argon, and their mixtures the correlation can be used to estimate gas solubilities for pressures upto 100 MPa in the temperature range 258 < T < 303 K. The correlation is in satisfactory agreement with all available experimental data for these systems. Dissolved gases are expected to significantly effect many physical and chemical properties of liquid propellant systems.
ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITH CARDIOGENIC SHOCK AMONG MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES: DO REPERFUSION AND REVASCULARIZATION MATTER?

Clinical uncertainty remains regarding the value of coronary reperfusion and revascularization strategies (RRS) among older patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with cardiogenic shock (CS). This study assesses the impact of RRS on mortality by age group among AMI patients
Robust Real-Time Multiprocessor Interrupt Handling Motivated by GPUs

Architectures in which multicore chips are augmented with graphics processing units (GPUs) have great potential in many domains in which computationally intensive real-time workloads must be supported. However, unlike standard CPUs, GPUs are treated as I/O devices and require the use of interrupts to facilitate communication with CPUs. Given their disruptive nature, interrupts must be dealt with carefully in real-time systems. With GPU-driven interrupts, such disruptiveness is further compounded by the closed-source nature of GPU drivers. In this paper, such problems are considered and a solution is presented in the form of an extension to LITMUS^RT called klmirqd. The design of klmirqd targets systems with multiple CPUs and GPUs. In such settings, interrupt-related issues arise that have not been previously addressed.
Some Imperatives for Clinical Research

The preeminence of the research university in the United States is based on a policy to support basic science research, research training, and education in the same institution. The success of American medicine, and particularly of its academic health centers, is the result of this combination accompanied by a strong commitment to apply basic research through clinical studies performed during clinical care. America's leadership in health research and health care may be in serious jeopardy because opportunities for clinical research are at significant risk. Between $800 million and $2.5 billion from patient care revenues have been used to underwrite research in our academic health centers. 1,2 Attempts to control expenditures through managed care and reductions in Medicare and Medicaid place increasing pressure on the budgets of these institutions and threaten this source of research support. Studies by the staff at the Association of American Medical Colleges have shown that "medical
Progress Towards Demonstration Of Soft X-Ray Amplification At Shorter X-Ray Wavelengths

Recent progress in soft x-ray laser research has been marked by significant advances in source development and x-ray laser applications. In the first area, efforts have focused on producing amplification at higher powers and shorter wavelengths. The push to shorter wavelength is closely related to efforts to demonstrate significant applications, as the utility of techniques such as x-ray laser holography l is enhanced when performed with radiation in the "water window" between the K absorption edges of carbon (43.76 A) and oxygen (23.32 A). In this paper, we report on recent results aimed at demonstrating gain at shorter wavelengths. The first selection will discuss measurements of amplification in Ni-like ions, where amplification has been shown at wavelengths as short as 50.26 A in Ni-like Yb. This is 6.5 A away from the water window threshold at 43.76 A. We also discuss results from recent recombination experiments. These schemes have been investigated because of their possible higher efficiency due to rapid scaling to shorter wavelength with ion charge Z.
Noise equivalent dimensions in eigenspaces

Eigenspaces are commonly used for dimensionality reduction, either for a compact encoding or for classification of high dimensional data. However in the presence of noise, the eigenspaces that were created using low-noise data, no longer explain the noise-corrupted data. In this paper, we present the notion of noise equivalent dimensions (NED) as a means of increasing the contribution of signal strength to compensate for the contribution of noise. Although the notion of NED is created with reconstruction error in mind, the additional dimensions may very well be used for classification purposes. Experiments with synthetic and real data are presented to demonstrate their use.
Computer vision for music identification

We describe how certain tasks in the audio domain can be effectively addressed using computer vision approaches. This paper focuses on the problem of music identification, where the goal is to reliably identify a song given a few seconds of noisy audio. Our approach treats the spectrogram of each music clip as a 2D image and transforms music identification into a corrupted sub-image retrieval problem. By employing pairwise boosting on a large set of Viola-Jones features, our system learns compact, discriminative, local descriptors that are amenable to efficient indexing. During the query phase, we retrieve the set of song snippets that locally match the noisy sample and employ geometric verification in conjunction with an EM-based "occlusion" model to identify the song that is most consistent with the observed signal. We have implemented our algorithm in a practical system that can quickly and accurately recognize music from short audio samples in the presence of distortions such as poor recording quality and significant ambient noise. Our experiments demonstrate that this approach significantly outperforms the current state-of-the-art in content-based music identification.
Lamins position the nuclear pores and centrosomes by modulating dynein

Lamins, the type V nuclear intermediate filament proteins, are reported to function in both interphase and mitosis. For example, lamin deletion in various cell types can lead to an uneven distribution of the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) in the interphase nuclear envelope, whereas deletion of B-type lamins results in spindle orientation defects in mitotic neural progenitor cells. How lamins regulate these functions is unknown. Using mouse cells deleted of different combinations or all lamins, we show that lamins are required to prevent the aggregation of NPCs in the nuclear envelope near centrosomes in late G2 and prophase. This asymmetric NPC distribution in the absence of lamins is caused by dynein forces acting on NPCs via the dynein adaptor BICD2. We further show that asymmetric NPC distribution upon lamin depletion disrupts the distribution of BICD2 and p150 dynactin on the nuclear envelope at prophase, which results in inefficient dynein-driven centrosome separation during prophase. Therefore lamins regulate microtubule-based motor forces in vivo to ensure proper NPC distribution in interphase and centrosome separation in the mitotic prophase.
Relations between intuitive biological thinking and biological misconceptions in biology majors and nonmajors.

Research and theory development in cognitive psychology and science education research remain largely isolated. Biology education researchers have documented persistent scientifically inaccurate ideas, often termed misconceptions, among biology students across biological domains. In parallel, cognitive and developmental psychologists have described intuitive conceptual systems—teleological, essentialist, and anthropocentric thinking—that humans use to reason about biology. We hypothesize that seemingly unrelated biological misconceptions may have common origins in these intuitive ways of knowing, termed cognitive construals. We presented 137 undergraduate biology majors and nonmajors with six biological misconceptions. They indicated their agreement with each statement, and explained their rationale for their response. Results indicate frequent agreement with misconceptions, and frequent use of construal-based reasoning among both biology majors and nonmajors in their written explanations. Moreover, results also show associations between specific construals and the misconceptions hypothesized to arise from those construals. Strikingly, such associations were stronger among biology majors than nonmajors. These results demonstrate important linkages between intuitive ways of thinking and misconceptions in discipline-based reasoning, and raise questions about the origins, persistence, and generality of relations between intuitive reasoning and biological misconceptions.
Lifting abstract interpreters to quantified logical domains

We describe a general technique for building abstract interpreters over powerful universally quantified abstract domains that leverage existing quantifier-free domains. Our quantified abstract domain can represent universally quantified facts like ∀i(0 ≤ i
Exploring mouse movements for inferring query intent

Clickthrough on search results have been successfully used to infer user interest and preferences, but are often noisy and potentially ambiguous. We explore the potential of a complementary, more sensitive signal -mouse movements- in providing insights into the intent behind a web search query. We report preliminary results of studying user mouse movements on search result pages, with the goal of inferring user intent - in particular, to explore whether we can automatically distinguish the different query classes such as navigational vs. informational. Our preliminary exploration confirms the value of studying mouse movements for user intent inference, and suggests interesting avenues for future exploration.
Interaction of the fibrinogen-binding tetrapeptide Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro with fine clots and oligomers of alpha-fibrin; comparisons with alpha beta-fibrin.

The tetrapeptide Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro(GPRP) was introduced by diffusion into fine unligated clots formed from human fibrinogen at pH 8.5 and ionic strength 0.45 by batroxobin (αβ-fibrin) and by thrombin (α-fibrin). The α-fibrin clots were essentially liquefied at GPRP concentrations above 1 mM and αβ-fibrin clots above 15 mM, and the degree of polymerization of the resulting oligomers decreased progressively with increasing GPRP concentration as shown by γ-γ ligation with factor XIIIa and subsequent gel electrophoresis. Much smaller concentrations of GPRP, when introduced into unligated clots by diffusion, were sufficient to modify their mechanical properties profoundly. The shear modulus of elasticity G25 measured 25 s after imposition of stress fell, for example, by a factor of 0.4 at 0.1 mM GPRP in α-fibrin and at 1.1 mM in αβ-fibrin. The rate of shear creep under constant stress and the proportion of irrecoverable deformation also increased enormously. This behavior, and the corresponding decrease in steady flow viscosity, may be interpreted in terms of competition of GPRP with A sites on the E domains of fibrin monomers for bidning to “a” sites on the D domains, resulting in a moderate increase with increasing GPRP concentration of the average proportion of severed network strands and an enormous increase in the rate at which all strands dissociate and reassociate. Reassociation of severed strands in new configurations is a necessary corollary since the differential modulus or compliance remains constant during creep and creep recovery. The greater susceptibility of α-fibrin clots to interaction with GPRP is attributed to stabilization of contacts between monomer units by Bb associations in αβ-fibrin. Ligated clots, with or without GPRP, exhibited essentially no time-dependent creep and no irrecoverable deformation, corresponding to an absence of any severance of network strands.
Specificity of a third kind: reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates in cell signaling.

The participation of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) and reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) in intracellular signaling is widely documented. Nonetheless, it has been difficult to understand how their involvement meets the requirement of signaling for specificity, and hence, to accept that their role could be physiologic. The problem can be resolved by adducing three postulates: (a) to execute and coordinate multiple adaptations to a changing environment, intracellular signaling requires several different types of specificity; (b) based on the chemistry of the mediators, types of specificity can be distinguished by whether an intermediate in a signaling pathway regulates additional pathways that are physically noncontiguous with the one in which it was formed, and if it does so, whether it acts like an on/off switch or a rheostat; and (c) a given mediator can have specificity of more than one type. Type I specificity involves intermediary interactions that are initiated noncovalently based on complementarity of molecular shape. Members of a type I signaling pathway are colocalized such that information is private to a given pathway and flows in a linear manner. Type II specificity also involves initial interactions that are based on complementarity, but the mediators diffuse to switch on or off some pathways that are not colocalized with the pathway that generates them. Type III specificity involves covalent interactions as the initial interaction of one signaling intermediate with another. Mediators exerting type III specificity diffuse to affect multiple targets that are not colocalized, where their major function is to regulate how these pathways respond to their own individual agonists. Mediators acting with specificity of types II and III convey information publicly, that is, across much of the cell. ROI and RNI can serve as agonists to activate pathways that operate with type I or type II specificity, but for the most part, endogenous ROI and RNI behave with specificity of the third kind.
APP processing is regulated by cytoplasmic phosphorylation

Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) aggregate in senile plaque is a key characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we show that phosphorylation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) on threonine 668 (P-APP) may play a role in APP metabolism. In AD brains, P-APP accumulates in large vesicular structures in afflicted hippocampal pyramidal neurons that costain with antibodies against endosome markers and the β-secretase, BACE1. Western blot analysis reveals increased levels of T668-phosphorylated APP COOH-terminal fragments in hippocampal lysates from many AD but not control subjects. Importantly, P-APP cofractionates with endosome markers and BACE1 in an iodixanol gradient and displays extensive colocalization with BACE1 in rat primary cortical neurons. Furthermore, APP COOH-terminal fragments generated by BACE1 are preferentially phosphorylated on T668 verses those produced by α-secretase. The production of Aβ is significantly reduced when phosphorylation of T668 is either abolished by mutation or inhibited by T668 kinase inhibitors. Together, these results suggest that T668 phosphorylation may facilitate the BACE1 cleavage of APP to increase Aβ generation.
Structural gene for yeast iso-2-cytochrome c.

Abstract Protein analysis and genetic studies have led to the identification of the structural genes of iso-1-cytochrome c and iso-2-cytochrome c, which constitute, respectively, 95% and 5% of the total amount of cytochrome c in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The structural gene CYC1 for iso-1-cytochrome c was previously identified by Sherman et al. (1966) and the structural gene CYC7 for iso-2-cytochrome c is identified in this investigation. A series of the following mutations were selected by appropriate procedures and shown by genetic tests to be allelic: CYC7+ →CYC7-1 →cyc7-1-1 →CYC7-1-1-A, etc., where CYC7 + denotes the wild-type allele determining iso-2-cytochrome c; CYC7-1 denotes a dominant mutant allele causing an approximately 30-fold increase of iso-2-cytochrome c with a normal sequence, and was used as an aid in selecting deficient mutants; cyc7-1-1 denotes a recessive mutant allele causing complete deficiency of iso-2-cytochrome c; and CYC7-1-1-A denotes an intragenic revertant having an altered iso-2-cytochrome c at the same level as iso-2-cytochrome c in the CYC7-1 strains. The suppression of cyc7-1-1 with the known amber suppressor SUP7-a indicated that the defect in cyc7-1-1 was an amber (UAG) nonsense codon. Sequencing revealed a single amino acid replacement of a tyrosine residue for the normal glutamine residue at position 24 in iso-2-cytochrome c from the suppressed cyc7-1-1 strain and also in five revertants of cyc7-1-1, of which three were due to extragenic suppression and two to intragenic reversion. The nature of the mutation that elevated the level of normal iso-2-cytochrome c in the CYC7-1 strain was not identified, although it occurred at or very near the CYC7 locus but outside the translated portion of the gene and it may be associated with a chromosomal aberration. Genetic studies demonstrated that CYC7 is not linked to CYC1, the structural gene for iso-1-cytochrome c.
Mechanisms of vasodilation to PTH 1–84, PTH 1–34, and PTHrP 1–34 in rat bone resistance arteries

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) augments bone metabolism and bone mass when given intermittently. Enhanced blood flow is requisite to support high tissue metabolism. The bone arteries are responsive to all three PTH analogs, which may serve to augment skeletal blood flow during intermittent PTH administration. PTH augments bone metabolism. Yet, mechanisms by which PTH regulates bone blood vessels are unknown. We deciphered (1) endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation to PTH 1–84, PTH 1–34, and PTHrP 1–34, (2) the signaling pathways (i.e., endothelial nitric oxide synthase [eNOS], cyclooxygenase [COX], protein kinase C [PKC], and protein kinase A [PKA]), and (3) receptor activation. Femoral principal nutrient arteries (PNAs) were given cumulative doses (10−13–10−8 M) of PTH 1–84, PTH 1–34, and PTHrP 1–34 with and without signaling pathway blockade. Vasodilation was also determined following endothelial cell removal (i.e., denudation), PTH 1 receptor (PTH1R) inhibition and to sodium nitroprusside (SNP; a nitric oxide [NO] donor). Vasodilation was lowest to PTH 1–34, and maximal dilation was highest to PTHrP 1–34. Inhibition of eNOS reduced vasodilation to PTH 1–84 (−80 %), PTH 1–34 (−66 %), and PTHrP 1–34 (−48 %), evidencing the contribution of NO. Vasodilation following denudation was eliminated (PTH 1–84 and PTHrP 1–34) and impaired (PTH 1–34, 17 % of maximum), highlighting the importance of endothelial cells for PTH signaling. Denuded and intact PNAs responded similarly to SNP. Both PKA and PKC inhibition diminished vasodilation in all three analogs to varying degrees. PTH1R blockade reduced vasodilation to 1, 12, and 12 % to PTH 1–84, PTH 1–34, and PTHrP 1–34, respectively. Vasodilation of femoral PNAs to the PTH analogs occurred via activation of the endothelial cell PTH1R for NO-mediated events. PTH 1–84 and PTHrP 1–34 primarily stimulated PKA signaling, and PTH 1–34 equally stimulated PKA and PKC signaling.
Social development: a focus for practice and education

Historically, a mission of social tions than to economic inequities work has been to provide services to and that poverty is the prime source the poor. Victimized by racism, income of mental illness and social dysfunc maldistribution, social inequities, and tion.3 A major implication of ethno the lack of social opportunities, blacks methodological findings is that social and other ethnic minorities are a major work efforts to deal with the prob segment of the poor in the United lems of ethnic minorities must in states. For example, blacks constitute corporate, to a greater degree than in one-third of the poor in this country the past, "macro" aspects of social and Hispanics constitute one-fifth.1 work practice.4 These change-oriented To become more effective in serving strategies must be directed toward blacks and other ethnic minorities, soboth individual betterment and social cial workers must enlarge their underchange, and they must emphasize so standing of ethnicity and its influence cial equality, social justice, new in on the need for and utilization of human stitutional structures, and the redis services.2 tribution of wealth and resources. Ethnomethodology is the study of This article discusses the effects of the patterned, socially transmitted ethnicity and cultural pluralism on so life-styles of cultural and social groups. cial work practice, arguing that ethnic It can help social workers understand ity should be recognized as an inter how the problems of ethnic minorities vening variable. It then proposes that are related less to intrapsychic condisocial workers use the methods and perspectives of ethnomethodology to Robert O. Washington, Ph.D., is Dean, expand their understanding of the way College of Social Work, Ohio State poor ethnics, particularly those of University, Columbus. color, view the world and approach problems. The final sections of the arti cle explore the issues this enhanced appreciation of ethnicity raises for so cial work, particularly the importance of social change.
Analysis of the Oscillation Frequency and Waveform Amplitude for a High-Frequency Differential Ring Oscillator

In this paper, the oscillation frequency and waveform amplitude of a high frequency differential ring oscillator are analyzed and derived with a new platform. The obtained equations describe the nonlinear dependence of amplitude and frequency on the tail current, number of delay cell stages, and transistor sizes. The accuracies of the obtained equations are verified by the Cadence Spectre simulation results and experimental data. Compared with currently available expressions, the obtained equations show significantly improved accuracies, therefore they can be used to guide and facilitate high frequency differential oscillator design in sub micron CMOS technology. The derivation platform can also be used to analyze other ring oscillator topologies.
THE RIGHT TO WORK AND ITS COROLLARIES - FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE LIGHT OF THE INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS

Civil and political rights have been preferred to the detriment of economic, social and cultural rights. These, the latter have been subject to a weaker application under national legislation, to weak legal interpretation and reduced public awareness. Therefore, economic, social and cultural rights have also been seen as facultative, not straight applicable and implemented by states progressively, only through long programmes. Still, economic, social and cultural rights ensure the full protection of the human being, which makes possible the reconciliation for the exercise of the rights and liberties with the social justice. They are widely recognized and with the same accent as civil and political rights. Chirtoaca, N., Larion, A.-P. (2015). The Right to Work and its Corollaries - Fundamental Human Rights in the Light of the International Regulations. European Journal of Law and Public Administration, Year 2015, Volume 2, Issue 3, pp. DOI:Â https://doi.org/10.18662/eljpa/2015.0203.05Â