cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Graphs with many r-cliques have large complete r-partite subgraphs

Let r≥2 and c>0. Every graph on n vertices with at least cn r cliques on r vertices contains a complete r-partite subgraph with r−1 parts of size ⌊ c r log n⌋ and one part of size greater than n 1−cr−1 . This result implies a quantitative form of the Erdos-Stone theorem.
Electrochemistry: an important tool to study and create new sol-gel-derived materials.

Electrochemical methods can be used to study the structure and properties of sol–gel-derived materials. In addition, they can be used to create new materials and nanostructures. In this Account, these methods and the resulting information and materials obtained from them are described.
The Value of Housing Characteristics: A Meta Analysis

This paper provides a meta regression analysis of the nine housing characteristics that are appear most often in hedonic pricing models for single-family housing: square footage, lot size, age, bedrooms, bathrooms, garage, swimming pool, fireplace, and air conditioning. Meta regression analysis is useful for comparing the estimated regression coefficients from different studies. The goal in this study is to determine if the estimated coefficients vary by geographical location, time, type of data, and model specification. The results show that the estimated coefficients for some characteristics vary significantly by geographical location. These include square footage, lot size, age, bathrooms, swimming pool, and air conditioning. Controlling for time shows that the effects of these housing characteristics on house price have not changed over time. Controlling for type of data produces differences in coefficients for bathrooms. Controlling for wealth as measured by median household income has no significant impact on the coefficients for the housing characteristics. If the study controlled for square footage, the coefficients for lot size decrease. Controlling for the size of the hedonic model affects the coefficient for square footage.
Cyanide-Catalyzed Cyclizations via Aldimine Coupling

Aldimine coupling (AIC) is the nitrogen analogue of the benzoin condensation and has been applied to dialdimines, providing the first examples of cyclizations effected by cyanide-catalyzed AIC. Sodium cyanide promoted the facile, intramolecular cyclization of several dialdimines in N,N-dimethylformamide, methanol, or methylene chloride/water (phase-transfer conditions) yielding a variety of six-membered heterocycles. Under aerobic conditions, an oxidative cyclization occurs to provide the diimine heterocycle. Oligomerization was observed with rigid dialdimines for which cyclization was precluded.
HELICOIDAL SURFACES ROTATING/TRANSLATING UNDER THE MEAN CURVATURE FLOW

We describe all possible self-similar motions of immersed hypersurfaces in Euclidean space under the mean curvature flow and derive the corresponding hypersurface equations. Then we present a new two-parameter family of immersed helicoidal surfaces that rotate/translate with constant velocity under the flow. We look at their limiting behaviour as the pitch of the helicoidal motion goes to 0 and compare it with the limiting behaviour of the classical helicoidal minimal surfaces. Finally, we give a classification of the immersed cylinders in the family of constant mean curvature helicoidal surfaces.
THE QUASIPERIODIC AUTOMATED TRANSIT SEARCH ALGORITHM

We present a new algorithm for detecting transiting extraso lar planets in time-series photometry. The Quasiperiodic Automated Transit Search (QATS) algorithm relaxes the usual assumption of strictly periodic transits by permitting a variable, but bounded, interval be tween successive transits. We show that this method is capable of detecting transiting planets with significant transit timing variations (TTVs) without any loss of significance ‐ “smearing” ‐ as would be incurred with traditi onal algorithms; however, this is at the cost of an slightly-increased stochastic background. The approximate times of transit are standard products of the QATS search. Despite the increased flexibility, we show that QATS has a run-time complexity that is comparable to traditional search codes and is comparably easy to implement. QATS is applicable to data having a nearly uninterrupted, uniform cadence and is therefore well-suited to the modern class of space-based transit searches (e.g., Kepler, CoRoT). Applications of QATS include transiting planets in dynamically active multi-planet systems and transiting planets in stellar binary systems. Subject headings:stars: planetary systems — techniques: photometric — techniques: numerical
Bankruptcy auctions: costs, debt recovery, and firm survival

Abstract This paper provides some first, large-sample evidence on the Swedish auction bankruptcy system. Compared to U.S. Chapter 11 cases, the small-firm bankruptcy auctions examined here are substantially quicker, have lower costs, and avoid deviations from absolute priority. Three-quarters of the firms are auctioned as going concerns, which is similar to Chapter 11 survival rates. Moreover, based on market values, creditors in going-concern auctions recover a similar fraction of face value as creditors of much larger firms in Chapter 11 reorganizations. The evidence presented here suggests that the auction bankruptcy system is a surprisingly efficient restructuring mechanism for small firms.
Cryogenic operation of power bipolar transistors

Abstract The results of detailed measurements, simulations and modeling on 500 V, 4 A NPN bipolar transistors are reported in the 300-77 K temperature range. For these devices, as the operating temperature is reduced from 300 to 77 K: (a) the current gain decreases by more than an order of magnitude; (b) the on-state collector-emitter and base-emitter voltages increase by 40 and 80% respectively; (c) although the collector-base breakdown voltage decreases by about 20%, the collector-emitter breakdown voltage increases by about 20%; and (d) the storage and fall times reduce by 10 × and 6 ×, respectively. Through numerical simulations, it is shown that the emitter current crowding is much more severe at 77 K than at 300 K for a room temperature optimized structure. Using verified and analytical models and established optimization techniques, it is shown that a BJT optimized for 77 K operation should be designed with lower emitter, base aand collector dopings and with a much larger emitter area than a similarly rated 300 K optimized device. Numerical simulations indicate that emitter current crowding is alleviated for the 77 K optimized devices.
Why Have Lending Programs Targeting Disadvantaged Small Business Borrowers Achieved So Little Success in the United States

Small business lending programs designed to move disadvantaged low-income people into business ownership have been difficult to implement successfully in the U.S. context. Based in part on the premise that financing requirements are an entry barrier limiting the ability of aspiring entrepreneurs to create small businesses, these programs are designed to alleviate such barriers for low net-worth individuals with limited borrowing opportunities. The authors’ analysis tracks through time nationally representative samples of adults to investigate the role of financial constraints and other factors delineating self-employment entrants from nonentrants. Paying particular attention to lines of business most accessible to adults lacking college credentials and substantial personal net worth, the authors’ analysis yields no evidence that financial capital constraints are a significant barrier to small-firm creation.
Reducing Network Cost of Many-to-Many Communication in Unidirectional WDM Rings With Network Coding

In this paper, we address the problem of traffic grooming in wavelength-division multiplexing rings with all-to-all and its generalization to many-to-many service by using network coding. We consider minimizing the number of line terminating equipment on two types of unidirectional rings, namely, single-hub and unhubbed rings, as our objective. In single-hub rings, we investigate the minimum cost provisioning of uniform all-to-all traffic in two cases: where network coding is used to linearly combine data, and where it is not used and data are transmitted without coding. We generalize the service mode to many-to-many and evaluate the cost of provisioning. In unhubbed ring, we propose a multihub approach to obtain the minimum cost provisioning in the case of all-to-all and many-to-many traffic. In each type of ring topology, two network scenarios are considered: first, the distinct communication groups in the ring are node-disjoint, and second, the different groups may have common member nodes. From our numerical results, we find that under many-to-many traffic pattern for both scenarios, network coding can reduce the network cost by 10%-20% in single-hub rings and 1%-5% in unhubbed rings in both network scenarios.
In situ electron microscopy investigation of the behavior of supported cobalt particles

Abstract In situ electron microscopy studies have shown that cobalt particles supported on graphite exhibit some very unexpected reactivity patterns during gasification reactions. When the reaction was performed in the presence of oxygen the cobalt particles were observed to initially wet and spread along graphite edges and accelerate the removal of carbon atoms from these locations by the edge recession mode. This type of action persisted up to temperatures of around 880°C at which point particles reformed and the mode of action changed to that of channeling. Quantitative kinetic analysis of these events showed the existence of three distinct activity regions, which corresponded to the formation of three oxidation states of cobalt, Coo (475–640°C), Co 3 0 4 (665–880°C), and Co (>880°C), as determined from in situ electron diffraction analysis. It was significant that postreaction electron diffraction examination failed to show the presence of the metallic phase in specimens which had been cooled to room temperature. When colbalt/graphite specimens were treated in hydrogen, initial attack took place by the edge recession mode and was replaced by a channeling action at 650°C which coincided with the formation of particles at edge sites. This form of attack continued up to temperatures in excess of 1000°C, and the catalyst particles did not appear to show any tendency to deactivate. The results obtained in this study are compared with those found for iron and nickel from previous investigations.
Hybrid Electric Vehicle Ownership and Fuel Economy across Texas: An Application of Spatial Models

Policymakers, transport planners, automobile manufacturers, and others are interested in the factors that affect adoption rates of electric vehicles and other fuel-efficient vehicles. With tract-level data from the 2010 census and registered vehicle counts from Texas counties in 2010, this study investigated the impact of various built environment and demographic attributes, including land use balance, employment density, population density, median age, gender, race, education, household size, and income. Spatial autocorrelation (across census tracts) in unobserved components of vehicle counts by tract and cross-response correlation (both spatial and local–aspatial in nature) was allowed for by the estimation of models of ownership levels (vehicle counts by vehicle type and fuel economy level) with bivariate and trivariate Poisson–lognormal conditional autoregressive models. The presence of high spatial autocorrelations and local cross-response correlations was consistent in all models across all counties...
Ring-enlarging cyclopentene annulations

Abstract Ethynylation of 2-[(2,2-dialkoxy)ethyl]cycloalkanones followed by Lewis acid-promoted rearrangement occasions cyclopentene annulation with concomitant one-carbon ring expansion of the starting cycloalkanone.
An Allenic Pauson−Khand-Type Reaction: A Reversal in π-Bond Selectivity and the Formation of Seven-Membered Rings

Treatment of alkynyl allenes with [Rh(CO)2Cl]2 results in a formal [2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition reaction. This reaction occurs with complete regioselectivity for a variety of substrates affording only 4-alkylidene cyclopentenones in good yields. Moreover, seven-membered rings have been prepared in high yields.
Papers in Experimental Economics

Professor Vernon L. Smith is a major creator of the new discipline of experimental economics. This collection of his papers from 1962 to 1990 surveys key developments in the field from early attempts to study economic behaviour in now classic double oral auction markets through recent studies of industrial organization and decision making. Topics covered include monopoly and oligopoly, supply and demand theory under posted pricing, uniform pricing, double continuous auction, and sealed bid-offer auctions; hypothetical valuation and market pricing; asset price bubbles; predatory pricing; market contestability and natural monopoly; and the methodology of experimental economics. Taken together, the papers form a history of the study of economics under controlled conditions.
Aqueous Hydroxide as a Base for Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Chlorides and Bromides

The amination of aryl halides in the presence of inexpensive and air-stable alkali metal hydroxide bases and Pd[P(t-Bu)3]2 as catalyst gave arylamines in high yields. The reactions were conducted with a catalytic amount of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as phase-transfer agent and either aqueous hydroxide or solid hydroxide in the presence of water. This combination of alkali metal hydroxide base, H2O, and the ammonium salt performed as well as NaO-t-Bu in the amination of p-chlorotoluene with dibutylamine. Hydroxide base was suitable for reactions of a wide range of aryl chlorides and bromides with aliphatic and aromatic amines. Some functional groups that were intolerant of tert-butoxide base, such as esters, enolizable ketones, nitriles, and nitro groups, were tolerated by the combination of hydroxide base, H2O, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in toluene solvent.
Distributed Parameter Estimation in Sensor Networks: Nonlinear Observation Models and Imperfect Communication

The paper studies distributed static parameter (vector) estimation in sensor networks with nonlinear observation models and noisy intersensor communication. It introduces separably estimable observation models that generalize the observability condition in linear centralized estimation to nonlinear distributed estimation. It studies two distributed estimation algorithms in separably estimable models, the NU (with its linear counterpart LU) and the NLU. Their update rule combines a consensus step (where each sensor updates the state by weight averaging it with its neighbors' states) and an innovation step (where each sensor processes its local current observation). This makes the three algorithms of the consensus + innovations type, very different from traditional consensus. This paper proves consistency (all sensors reach consensus almost surely and converge to the true parameter value), efficiency, and asymptotic unbiasedness. For LU and NU, it proves asymptotic normality and provides convergence rate guarantees. The three algorithms are characterized by appropriately chosen decaying weight sequences. Algorithms LU and NU are analyzed in the framework of stochastic approximation theory; algorithm NLU exhibits mixed time-scale behavior and biased perturbations, and its analysis requires a different approach that is developed in this paper.
Reflections and Perspectives on the Future of Organization Development Interventions: Honoring Christina Sickles Merchant's Life

This short piece honors contributions of Christina Sickles Merchant by reflecting on what she felt deeply about OD, how she transcended the boundaries between OD practice and the conflict resolution management fields, and reviewing some concerns and thoughts about the future of OD interventions within this context.
Tracking studies of insertion device effects on dynamic aperture in the APS storage ring

We studied the effects of an insertion device (ID) on the dynamic aperture in the 7-GeV Advanced Photon Source (APS) storage ring using the program RACETRACK. We found that the nonlinear effect of the ID is the dominant effect on the dynamic aperture reduction compared to the other multipole errors which exist in the otherwise ideal lattice. The previous study of dynamic aperture was based on the assumption that the effect of the fast oscillating terms in Smith's Hamiltonian is small, and hence can be neglected in the simulation. The remarkable agreement between the previous study and the current results using RACETRACK, including all effects of the fast oscillating terms, justified those assumptions at least for the APS ring. >
Moving Back Home: Insurance against Labor Market Risk

This paper demonstrates that the option to move in and out of the parental home is a valuable insurance channel against labor market risk, which facilitates the pursuit of jobs with the potential for high earnings growth. Using monthly panel data, I document an empirical relationship among coresidence, individual labor market events, and subsequent earnings growth. I estimate the parameters of a dynamic game between youths and parents to show that the option to live at home can account for features of aggregate data for low-skilled young workers: small consumption responses to shocks, high labor elasticities, and low savings rates.
Bragg Diffraction from Crystallized Ion Plasmas

Single crystals of a one-component plasma were observed by optical Bragg diffraction. The plasmas contained 105 to 106 single-positive beryllium-9 ions (9Be+) at particle densities of 108to 109 per cubic centimeter. In approximately spherical plasmas, single body-centered cubic (bcc) crystals or, in some cases, two or more bcc crystals having fixed orientations with respect to each other were observed. In some oblate plasmas, a mixture of bcc and face-centered cubic ordering was seen. Knowledge of the properties of one-component plasma crystals is required for models of white dwarfs and neutron stars, which are believed to contain matter in that form.
Constraining the X-Ray and Cosmic-Ray Ionization Chemistry of the TW Hya Protoplanetary Disk: Evidence for a Sub-interstellar Cosmic-Ray Rate

We present an observational and theoretical study of the primary ionizing agents (cosmic rays (CRs) and X-rays) in the TW Hya protoplanetary disk. We use a set of resolved and unresolved observations of molecular ions and other molecular species, encompassing 11 lines total, in concert with a grid of disk chemistry models. The molecular ion constraints comprise new data from the Submillimeter Array on HCO+, acquired at unprecedented spatial resolution, and data from the literature, including ALMA observations of N2H+. We vary the model incident CR flux and stellar X-ray spectra and find that TW Hya's HCO+ and N2H+ emission are best-fit by a moderately hard X-ray spectra, as would be expected during the flaring state of the star, and a low CR ionization rate, ?CR 10?19 s?1. This low CR rate is the first indication of the presence of CR exclusion by winds and/or magnetic fields in an actively accreting T Tauri disk system. With this new constraint, our best-fit ionization structure predicts a low turbulence dead-zone extending from the inner edge of the disk out to 50-65 AU. This region coincides with an observed concentration of millimeter grains, and we propose that the inner region of TW Hya is a dust (and possibly planet) growth factory as predicted by previous theoretical work.
Redox Chain Reaction—Indole and Pyrrole Alkylation with Unactivated Secondary Alcohols

These transformations yielded C-alkylated products, butonly under harsh reaction conditions (i.e., U.O.P. Ni catalyst,30–600 mol% Na or K alkoxides, 174–2208C, up to 64 h).Their synthetic utility, with respect to functional-grouptolerance and product stability, would be considerablyimproved if milder reaction conditions could be identified.We hypothesized that the fundamental mechanistic fea-tures of the base-promoted disproportionative condensationcould be achieved under milder reaction conditions byemploying an appropriate Bronsted acid catalyst(Scheme 1). As an illustrative example, indole1 and alcohol2 are treated with 5 mol% of the sacrificial ketone 3 and anappropriate acid catalyst. The reaction is initiated by con-densation of 1 with 3 to furnish the indolyl cation 4 which isconverted into the undesired by-product 5 and the newketone 6 through a Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley (MPV)reduction with 2 (Oppenauer oxidation of iPrOH).
System-architectures for sensor networks issues, alternatives, and directions

Our goal is to identify the key architectural and design issues related to Sensor Networks (SNs), evaluate the proposed solutions, and to outline the most challenging research directions. The evaluation has three scopes ndividual components on SN nodes (processor, communication, storage, sensors, actuators, and power supply), node level and networked system level. The special emphasis is placed on architecture and system software, and on new challenges related to the usage of new types of components in networked systems. The evaluation is guided by anticipated technology trends and both current and future applications. The main conclusion of the analysis is that the architectural and synthesis emphasis will be shifted from computation and to some extent communication components to sensors and actuators.
Monitoring the growth of the neural representations of new animal concepts.

Although enormous progress has recently been made in identifying the neural representations of individual object concepts, relatively little is known about the growth of a neural knowledge represen- tation as a novel object concept is being learned. In this fMRI study, the growth of the neural representa- tions of eight individual extinct animal concepts was monitored as participants learned two features of each animal, namely its habitat (i.e., a natural dwelling or scene) and its diet or eating habits. Dwelling/ scene information and diet/eating-related information have each been shown to activate their own char- acteristic brain regions. Several converging methods were used here to capture the emergence of the neu- ral representation of a new animal feature within these characteristic, a priori-specified brain regions. These methods include statistically reliable identification (classification) of the eight newly acquired mul- tivoxel patterns, analysis of the neural representational similarity among the newly learned animal con- cepts, and conventional GLM assessments of the activation in the critical regions. Moreover, the representation of a recently learned feature showed some durability, remaining intact after another fea- ture had been learned. This study provides a foundation for brain research to trace how a new concept makes its way from the words and graphics used to teach it, to a neural representation of that concept in a learner's brain. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3213-3226, 2015. V C 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamical Tides in Rotating Planets and Stars

Tidal dissipation may be important for the internal evolution as well as the orbits of short-period massive planets—hot Jupiters. We revisit a mechanism proposed by Ogilvie and Lin for tidal forcing of inertial waves, which are short-wavelength, low-frequency disturbances restored primarily by Coriolis rather than buoyancy forces. This mechanism is of particular interest for hot Jupiters, because it relies upon a rocky core, and because these bodies are otherwise largely convective. Compared to waves excited at the base of the stratified, externally heated atmosphere, waves excited at the core are more likely to deposit heat in the convective region and thereby affect the planetary radius. However, Ogilvie and Lin's results were numerical, and the manner of the wave excitation was not clear. Using WKB methods, we demonstrate the production of short waves by scattering of the equilibrium tide off the core at critical latitudes. The tidal dissipation rate associated with these waves scales as the fifth power of the core radius, and the implied tidal Q is of order ten million for nominal values of the planet's mass, radius, orbital period, and core size. We comment upon an alternative proposal by Wu for exciting inertial waves in an unstratified fluid body by means of compressibility rather than a core. We also find that even a core of rock is unlikely to be rigid. But Ogilvie and Lin's mechanism should still operate if the core is substantially denser than its immediate surroundings.
A new and unexpected aminoisoquinoline formed under bischler-napieralski reaction conditions provides for A new synthesis of 3-aminoisoquinolines

Treatment of an amide, 1, of a substituted 2-phenethylamine using Bischler-Napieralski reaction conditions with acetonitrile as a solvent, gave the desired dihydroisoquinoline 2 as well as an unexpected 3-aminoisoquinoline product 3. The applicability of this finding as a method of synthesizing 3-aminoisoquinoline derivatives was examined.
Extending symmetric determinantal quartic surfaces

We give an explicit construction for the extension of a symmetric determinantal quartic K3 surface to a Fano sixfold. Remarkably, the moduli of the sixfold extension are in one-to-one correspondence with the moduli of the quartic surface. As a consequence, we determine a 16-parameter family of surfaces of general type with \(p_g=1, q=0\) and \(K^2=2\) as weighted complete intersections inside Fano sixfolds.
Corporate public affairs: necessary cost or value‐added asset?

This paper examines the valuation tools available to measure the financial contribution that public affairs activities add to the corporate bottom line. The paper begins with a consideration of the state of quantification in public affairs. Next, theoretical frameworks for broad classes of valuation methodologies are presented. Specific models applied by companies are also examined, outlining their advantages and limitations. The paper concludes with recommendations for implementing quantitative financial measures and opportunities for future research. Copyright © 2003 Henry Stewart Publications
Selecting Risks in an Anonymous World: The Agency System for Life Insurance in Antebellum America

Early American life insurers found themselves facing the problem of asymmetric information, as they needed to rely on applicants themselves to provide truthful, complete answers to a standard set of questions. In an attempt to repersonalize the relationship between their boards of directors and the individual applicants, firms selected highly respected local citizens to act as their agents. These agents were expected to evaluate the appearance of candidates, unearth evidence of unhealthy family histories or questionable habits, and attest to the respectability of people writing testimonial letters on an applicant's behalf. In short, the initial purpose of the agency system was not to actively solicit customers, but rather to recreate the glass-bowl mentality associated with small towns or city neighborhoods.
Why have CO2 emissions increased in the transport sector in Asia ? underlying factors and policy options

Rapidly increasing emissions of carbon dioxide from the transport sector, particularly in urban areas, is a major challenge to sustainable development in developing countries. This study analyzes the factors responsible for transport sector CO2 emissions growth in selected developing Asian countries during 1980-2005. The analysis splits the annual emissions growth into components representing economic development; population growth; shifts in transportation modes; and changes in fuel mix, emission coefficients, and transportation energy intensity. The study also reviews existing government policies to limit CO2 emissions growth, particularly various fiscal and regulatory policy instruments. The study finds that of the six factors considered, three - economic development, population growth, and transportation energy intensity - are responsible for driving up transport sector CO2 emissions in Bangladesh, the Philippines, and Vietnam. In contrast, only economic development and population growth are responsible in the case of China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. CO2 emissions exhibit a downward trend in Mongolia due to decreasing transportation energy intensity. The study also finds that some existing policy instruments help reduce transport sector CO2 emissions, although they were not necessarily targeted for this purpose when introduced.
Diastereoselective hydride reductions of α-hydroxy oximino ethers. Synthesis of syn-1,2-amino alcohols.

Abstract Tetramethylammonium triacetoxyborohydride provides for the stereocontrolled reduction of α-hydroxy-E/Z-oximino ethers to yield syn-1,2-amino alcohols.
Objectives, Constraints, and Outcomes in Optimal Growth Models

This paper surveys the results of mostly recent research on optimal aggregate economic growth models, and comments on the difficulties encountered and on desirable directions of further research.
Use of Diethylaminosulfur Trifluoride in an Efficient Synthesis of (S)-N-[(1-Ethyl-2-Pyrrolidinyl)Methyl]-5-(3-Fluoropropyl-2-Methoxybenzamide

Abstract Diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) was used to prepare 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl fluoride, which on reaction with (S)-N-ethyl-2-aminomethylpyrrolidine gave (S)-N- [(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]-2,6-dimethoxybenzamide in >95% yields. A three- step efficient synthesis of the fluorinated benzamide neuroleptic, (S)-N-[(1-ethyl-2- pyrrolidinyl)methyl]-5-(3-fluoropropyl)-2-methoxybenzamide was then carried out using DAST in an essential step. 3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1-propanol was converted to 5- (3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxybenzoic acid with n-butyllithium and CO2 in 80–90% yields. The acid was then reacted with DAST to provide 5-(3-fluoropropyl)-2- methoxybenzoyl fluoride, which was then treated with (S)-N-ethyl-2- aminomethylpyrrolidine to give the fluorinated benzamide in >90% yields.
Endometrial cells identified in cervical cytology in women ≥40 years of age: criteria for appropriate endometrial evaluation

Objective No consensus exists regarding evaluation of asymptomatic premenopausal women with benign endometrial cells (BECs) identified on cervical cytology. We determined the frequency of uterine pathology in asymptomatic women, ≥40 years of age, positive for BECs on cervical cytology. Study Design Cervical cytopathology records from a Midwestern US teaching hospital from April 2002 through December 2005 were reviewed and cases with BECs identified. Patient age, symptomatology, and endometrial sampling results were obtained. Results Of 194,717 records examined, 1784 (0.9%) of women ≥40 years had BECs present and 440 had follow-up endometrial pathology. There were 4 cases of complex hyperplasia with atypia, 2 from patients ≤50 years, 1 was asymptomatic; 4 cases of adenocarcinoma were identified, all from women >50 years. Conclusion To date, the present study is among the largest follow-up studies of women with BECs on cervical cytology. Follow-up endometrial sampling may not be indicated in asymptomatic patients ≤50 years.
Dislocation dynamics in heterojunction bipolar transistor under current induced thermal stress

Dislocation generation and multiplication in heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) under electrical bias was studied using a finite element model. This model was developed to solve a physical viscoplastic solid mechanics problem using a time-dependent constitutive equation relating the dislocation dynamics to plastic deformation. The dislocations in HBTs are generated by the excessive stresses including thermal stress generated by the temperature change in the device during operation. It was found that the dislocation generation rate at the early stage and the stationary dislocation densities depend strongly on the current density.
Dealing with Dictators: Negotiated Democratization and the Fate of Outgoing Autocrats

This paper examines how the circumstances of democratic transition affect the consequences of losing office for outgoing dictators. Using data on constitutional origins and democratization from 1875 to 2004, we find that outgoing dictators who are able to impose a holdover constitution during democratization and beyond are less likely to face severe punishment upon relinquishing their rule. These results hold after accounting for alternative explanations of autocrats' post-tenure fate and after using instrumental variables to adjust for potential endogeneity. We also document several mechanisms by which this occurs: proportional representation, the election of right-wing executives, post-transition military influence, and elite control over local politics. The findings suggest that for dictators who fear their ousting in the face of domestic unrest or potential instability, democracy can provide a plausible avenue for protecting their most basic interests.
A practical asymmetric synthesis of a 1,7-enyne A-ring synthon en route toward the total synthesis of vitamin D3 analogues

Abstract A concise synthesis of a key A-ring synthon of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 , 1 , has been achieved in 8 steps starting from readily available, inexpensive ethyl-4-chloroacetoacetate. This synthon serves as one of two main coupling partners in our previously developed Pd-catalyzed alkylative enyne cyclization leading toward the total synthesis of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and potentially useful analogues.
Linear Parameter-Varying Modeling and Control of Structural Dynamics with Aerothermoelastic Effects

Structural dynamics can introduce low-frequency modes that must be considered for modeling and control of e exibleaircraft. Furthermore, themodal dynamicscan be affected by operating conditions such astemperature.A linear parameter-varying (LPV) framework is used to represent structural dynamics. The framework represents the dynamics with dependency on operating parameters as a set of state-space matrices that are afe ne functions of those parameters. Controllers can then be formulated as state-space matrices that are also afe ne functions of the parameters. The controller, thus, changes with the operating parameters so that it is inherently gain scheduled. Such a controller is benee cial compared to traditional controllers because of the guaranteed closed-loop properties over time-varying trajectories of the operating conditions. The LPV framework is used to account for the aerothermoelastic effects on the structural dynamics of a generic hypersonic vehicle. A controller that is gain scheduled over temperature is synthesized to damp actively the modal dynamics that vary across a e ight proele. Nomenclature A = state matrix B = input matrix C = output matrix D = feedthrough matrix d = disturbance e = error K = controller P = plant model T = temperature u = command Wc = mode shape weighting Wk = control weighting Wn = noise weighting Wp = performance weighting x = state y = measurement µ = parameter vector π = structured singular value
An Analysis of the 2002 Uruguayan Banking Crisis

The authors review the series of events that led to the 2002 Uruguayan banking crisis, assess the current status of the Uruguayan banking sector, and analyze the policy responses undertaken by the Uruguayan authorities to counteract the crisis. The main conclusion from their analysis is that although the immediate trigger for the crisis was caused by contagion resulting from Argentina's financial crisis, the spread and magnification of the crisis that engulfed the Uruguayan economy was amplified by certain weaknesses of the Uruguayan economy in general, and the domestic banking sector in particular. The authors also believe that the policy responses adopted by the Uruguayan authorities were mostly adequate, allowing Uruguay to successfully counteract simultaneous banking and public debt crises. Most important, the Uruguayan authorities were able to overcome a severe crisis while preserving the necessary trust in banking contracts, achieving a high level of social stability and political cohesion, and maintaining a fluid dialogue with multilateral financial institutions and all affected parties. The cooperative and consensual approach taken by the authorities created the necessary conditions to overcome some of the important obstacles to the recovery of the domestic banking sector.
BPS soliton solutions of a D3-brane action

The world-volume action of a probe D3-brane in AdS_5 X S^5 with N = 4 units of flux has the field content, symmetries, and dualities of the U(1) factor of N = 4U(N+1) super Yang--Mills theory, spontaneously broken to U(N) x U(1) by being on the Coulomb branch, with the massive fields integrated out. Thus, it might be the exact effective action (a highly effective action), or else a useful approximation to it. We construct an SL(2,Z) multiplet of BPS soliton solutions of the D3-brane action and show that in the N = 1 case they correspond to the electrically charged states that have been integrated out as well as magnetic monopoles and dyons. Their charges are uniformly spread on a spherical surface, a soliton bubble, which can be interpreted as a phase boundary. This picture is consistent with previous results in the string theory and field theory literature.
The Church in Anglo-Saxon Society

INTRODUCTION 1. The English and their Christian Neighbours, c.550-650 2. Minsters in Church and State, c.650-850 3. Church and People, c.650-850 4. The Church in the Landscape, c.650-850 5. Monastic Towns? Minsters as Central Places, .650-850 6. Minsters in a Changing World, c.850-1100 7. The Birth and Growth of Local Churches, c.850-1100 8. From Hyrness to Local Parish: The Formation of Parochial Identities, c.850-1100 EPILOGUE APPENDIX: THREE MINOR MINSTERS IN THE ELEVENTH CENTURY BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX
Global convergence for two-pulse rest-to-rest learning for single-degree-of-freedom systems with stick-slip Coulomb friction

In this paper, we consider the problem of rest-to-rest maneu-ver learning, via iterative learning control (ILC), for single-degree-of-freedom systems with stick-slip Coulomb friction and input bounds. The static coefficient of friction is allowed to be as large as three times the kinetic coefficient of friction. The input is restricted to be a two-pulse one. The desired input's first pulse magnitude is required to be five times the largest possible kinetic (sliding) friction force. The theory therefore allows the stiction force to be as large as the desired second input pulse. Under these conditions, we prove global convergence of a simple iterative learning controller. To the best of our knowledge, such a global-convergence proof has not been presented previously in the literature for the rest-to-rest problem with stick-slip Coulomb friction.
Measuring the Success of Agricultural Transition: An Application to Russia

The paper presents a model of the agro-food system in a transition economy, which shows how the move from a planned to a market economy affects the production and consumption of goods and economic welfare. The model is then used to identify two complementary approaches for measuring the success of agricultural transition, where success is defined as increasing consumer welfare. The first approach is to identify and measure quantitative indicators of economic gain. The second is to identify the policies that would lead to greater welfare, and then measure the extent to which these policies have been implemented. An assessment of Russian agricultural reform using the two evaluation approaches shows that only modest progress has been made. Russia has not met the (perhaps overly optimistic) expectations of many observers that transition would substantially increase farm efficiency and productivity.
Nonprofit decision making and social regulation: the intended and unintended consequences of Title IX ☆

Theoretical and empirical models explore the effects of a gender equity regulation imposed on an athletic director at a nonprofit university. The behavioral model predicts a decrease in the total number of sports teams and a net decrease in the number of men’s teams, suggesting that the regulation has unintended consequences. The empirical analysis confirms the theory and identifies the size and prestige of the athletic department and the quality of the existing women’s sports program, as important factors affecting the probability that men’s sports teams were eliminated to comply with the regulation. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Numerical Simulation of Secondary Electron Orbits near an Electron Beam Propagating in a Low Pressure Gas

A numerical simulation has been constructed to obtain a detailed, quantitative estimate of the electromagnetic fields generated in a recently-proposed collective accelerator scheme for electrons. The code treats the secondary electrons by particle simulation and the beam dynamics by a time-dependent envelope model. The simulation gives a fully relativistic description of secondary electrons moving in selfconsistent electromagnetic fields. The calculations are made using coordinates t, x, y, z for the electrons and t, ct-z, r for the axisymmetric electromagnetic fields and currents. Code results showing the axial electric field dependence on the configuration of the ultrashort U. V. laser pulse will be given.
America's Engagement in Iraq: Insights and implications for public management research

Abstract There are lessons to be learned in the matter of public management in Iraq and Afghanistan, especially in the importance of the management cultures in which decisions are made. This review is of four books, by different authors, sharing their journalist approach. Four shared themes emerge from these works: the importance of training, organizational culture, strategy, and governance. The authors develop an awareness of the inter-connectivity of the leadership and management cultures of the military and civilians, with significant implications for future public management research. Each of the four books in this review offers contributions that extend the knowledge and practice of public management and public policy, providing hard-learned lessons that can be cross walked into teaching, practice, and research.
Manual of arthroscopic surgery

Abstract Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related surgery, Vol 19, No 4 (April), 2003: pp 446–450
Non-malleable Extractors, Two-Source Extractors and Privacy Amplification

In \cite{DW09}, Dodis and Wichs introduced the notion of a non-malleable extractor. A non-malleable extractor is a much stronger version of a seeded extractor. Dodis and Wichs showed that such an object can be used to give optimal privacy amplification protocols with an active adversary. Previously, there are only two known constructions of non-malleable extractors \cite{DLWZ11, CRS11}. Both constructions only work for $(n, k)$-sources with $k>n/2$. Interestingly, both constructions are also two-source extractors. In this paper, we present a strong connection between non-malleable extractors and two-source extractors. The first part of the connection shows that non-malleable extractors can be used to construct two-source extractors. This partially explains why previous constructions of non-malleable extractors only work for entropy rate $>1/2$, and why explicit non-malleable extractors for small min-entropy may be hard to get. The second part of the connection shows that certain two-source extractors can be used to construct non-malleable extractors. Using this connection, we obtain the first construction of non-malleable extractors for $k 0$. This dramatically improves previous results and answers an open problem in \cite{DLWZ11}.
The Growing Impact of Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry on the Development of Radiopharmaceuticals

Click chemistry has become a ubiquitous chemical tool with applications in nearly all areas of modern chemistry, including drug discovery, bioconjugation, and nanoscience. Radiochemistry is no exception, as the canonical Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition, inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction, and other types of bioorthogonal click ligations have had a significant impact on the synthesis and development of radiopharmaceuticals. This review will focus on recent applications of click chemistry ligations in the preparation of imaging agents for SPECT and PET, including small molecules, peptides, and proteins labeled with radionuclides such as 18F, 64Cu, 111In, and 99mTc.
Artificial sweetener use and one-year weight change among women

Weight change over a 1-year period was examined in a highly homogeneous group of 78,694 women ages 50-69 enrolled in a prospective mortality study. Artificial sweetener usage increased with relative weight and decreased with age. Users were significantly more likely than nonusers to gain weight, regardless of initial weight. Average weight gains or losses by artificial sweetener users differed by less than 2 pounds from gains or losses among nonusers. These results were not explicable by differences in food consumption patterns. The data do not support the hypothesis that long-term artificial sweetener use either helps weight loss or prevents weight gain.
Alternating simulation and IOCO

We propose a symbolic framework called guarded labeled assignment systems or GLASs and show how GLASs can be used as a foundation for symbolic analysis of various aspects of formal specification languages. We define a notion of i/o-refinement over GLASs as an alternating simulation relation and provide formal proofs that relate i/o-refinement to ioco. We show that non-i/o-refinement reduces to a reachability problem and provide a translation from bounded non-i/orefinement or bounded non-ioco to checking first-order assertions.
Synthesis (and alternative proof of configuration) of the scyphostatin C(1')-C(20') trienoyl fragment.

Each of four diastereomers of structure 2, corresponding to the lipophilic side chain of scyphostatin (1), were prepared. Careful analysis of their NMR spectral data and comparison with those of the natural product corroborates the recently reported (Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 505) stereochemical assignment. A strategy for the stereoselective synthesis of 2 has been achieved.
Does Combat Exposure Make You a More Violent or Criminal Person? Evidence from the Vietnam Draft.

Abstract:This study exploits the differential effects of the Vietnam War across birth cohorts to measure the effects of combat exposure on later violence and crime. Combat exposure and violent acts are measured using self-reports from the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study. I find large positive effects on violence for blacks, suggestive evidence of positive effects on violence for whites and on arrests for certain offense types, and negative "incapacitation" effects on arrests during the men's years abroad. The estimates, while imprecise, suggest that the social cost of the violence and crimes caused by Vietnam-era combat exposure was roughly $65 billion.