cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SIMULATING STRONG GROUND MOTION FROM COMPLEX SOURCES BY RECIPROCAL GREEN FUNCTIONS

We have developed a method to calculate site and path effects for complex heterogeneous media using synthetic Green’s functions. The Green’s functions are calculated numerically by imposing body forces at the site of interest and then storing the reciprocal Green’s functions along arbitrary finite-fault surfaces. By using reciprocal Green’s functions, we can then simulate many source scenarios for those faults because the primary numerical calculations need be done only once. The advantage of the proposed method is shown by evaluation of the site and path effects for three sites in the vicinity of the Los Angeles basin using the Southern California Velocity Model (version 2.2, Magistrale et al., 2000). In this example, we have simulated 300 source scenarios for 5 major southern California faults and compared their responses for period longer then 3 seconds at the selected sites. However, a more detailed comparison with strong motion records will be necessary before a particular hazard assessment can be made. For the tested source scenarios the results show that the variations in the peak velocity amplitudes and durations due to a source scenarios are as large as variations due to a heterogeneous velocity model.
Powering MEMS portable devices—a review of non-regenerative and regenerative power supply systems with special emphasis on piezoelectric energy harvesting systems

Power consumption is forecast by the International Technology Roadmap of Semiconductors (ITRS) to pose long-term technical challenges for the semiconductor industry. The purpose of this paper is threefold: (1) to provide an overview of strategies for powering MEMS via non-regenerative and regenerative power supplies; (2) to review the fundamentals of piezoelectric energy harvesting, along with recent advancements, and (3) to discuss future trends and applications for piezoelectric energy harvesting technology. The paper concludes with a discussion of research needs that are critical for the enhancement of piezoelectric energy harvesting devices.
Effect of Contralateral Occlusion on Long-Term Efficacy of Endarterectomy in the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS)

To the Editor: We read with interest the article of Baker et al1 on the effect of contralateral occlusion on long-term efficacy of endarterectomy in the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS). The authors conclude that endarterectomy in asymptomatic patients with contralateral occlusion provides no long-term benefit (and may be harmful) in preventing stroke and death. The ACAS study established that the long-term risk of ipsilateral stroke in neurologically asymptomatic patients with a ≥60% carotid stenosis by ultrasound was reduced by carotid endarterectomy.2 The estimated 5-year risk for ipsilateral stroke was 11% for the medical arm and 5.1% for the surgical group, with a 53% relative risk reduction with surgery.2 The authors did a subgroup analysis of 163 participants with contralateral occlusion, 77 of whom were randomized to medical management and 86 to surgical therapy. The 5-year event rate was 3.5% for medical management and 5.5% for surgical management, with a 2% increase in absolute risk with surgery. Previous evidence from the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET)3 has shown that patients with a contralateral occlusion were more than twice as likely to have an ipsilateral stroke at 2 years than …
Preventing delayed voltage recovery with voltage-regulating distributed energy resources

With the large use of residential air conditioner (A/C) motors during the summer peaks, the potential of motor stalling events have increased in the recent years. The stalled motor loads have been found to be the most important cause of delayed voltage recovery following severe system disturbances, such as a subtransmission fault. The proper modeling of the stalled motors is a very important factor in identifying the effect of these motors in voltage recovery after the fault. This paper presents a methodology for modeling the stalled low inertia induction motors based on a sample utility system and a small primary distribution circuit. The prevention of the stalling of motors plays an important role in maintaining the voltage profile of the system after system disturbances. Distributed Energy Resource (DER) is used to prevent the motor stalling events so that the delayed voltage recovery of the system may be avoided.
A Quantitative Positioning Device For Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

A device and method are presented which allow for improved accuracy and repeatability of magnetic stimulation tests.
Parkinsonism-hyperpyrexia syndrome: Broadening our differential diagnosis in the ICU

A 74-year-old woman with Parkinson disease was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of dizziness and falls. She had undergone bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) implantation of a deep brain stimulator (DBS) 4 years prior to presentation (Activa PC Neurostimulator, model 37601, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN). Symptoms resulting from Parkinson disease including rigidity and tremor were reasonably controlled with the bilateral STN DBS in addition to carbidopa-levodopa 25–100 mg every 2 hours while awake and 25–100 mg extended release at bedtime. On admission, her vital signs were normal. She was alert and oriented and in no distress, with diffuse moderate rigidity. The next day, on routine nursing assessment, she was found to have tachypnea, tachycardia, and confusion. These assessments were performed every 6 hours; hence onset of her clinical decompensation occurred somewhere between 28 and 34 hours after admission.
The enigma of struma ovarii

Since its first description in the early part of the twentieth century, struma ovarii has elicited considerable interest because of its many unique features; however, at present a number of aspects remain enigmatic. Although the typical presentation is that of a pelvic mass, unusual clinical manifestations such as hyperthyroidism, ascites, and Meigs' syndrome have been recognised. Uncommon macroscopic and especially histological patterns in struma can cause difficulties in diagnosis. Cystic strumas are challenging to diagnose both macroscopically and histologically. Proliferative changes within struma can be misdiagnosed as cancer. In regard to the occurrence of thyroid-type carcinoma in struma ovarii, precise terminology should be utilised, and the term 'malignant struma ovarii' should be avoided because it has been used for several different pathological entities. Papillary carcinoma is the most commonly occurring thyroid-type carcinoma in ovarian struma; however, cases of follicular carcinoma are not infrequent. Histological malignancy in struma does not necessarily equate with biological malignancy, and the majority of thyroid-type carcinomas do not spread beyond the ovary. Strumal carcinoid, a neoplasm apparently unique to the ovary containing elements of both struma and carcinoid, has been misdiagnosed as 'malignant struma ovarii' in the past. The differential diagnosis of extra-ovarian spread of struma includes the usual types of thyroid cancer, minimal deviation follicular carcinoma, and peritoneal strumosis. This review emphasises articles both recent and past that have significantly advanced our knowledge of struma ovarii and related neoplasms.
Conservatism and Uniqueness

Credal Conservatism says that an agent’s credal states should be conserved as far as possible when she undergoes a learning experience. Uniqueness says that for any given total evidence, there is a unique credal state that any agent with that total evidence should have. Epistemic Impartiality is the idea that there are no significant differences between intrapersonal and interpersonal rationality requirements when determining what credal states one ought to have for purposes of epistemic evaluation. I construe Epistemic Impartiality as a meta-principle governing epistemic norms, and argue that it is compatible with Conservatism. Then I show that on the assumption of Epistemic Impartiality, Credal Conservatism is equivalent to Uniqueness.
Implementation of an emergency medical card and a continuity of care report using continuity of care standard.

Objectives: To describe the design and implementation procedures for an emergency medical card (EMC) and a continuity of care (CoC) report using the continuity of care record (CCR) standard. We also describe studies to evaluate the effectiveness of these documents in CoC. Methods: We convened weekly planning, design, development, implementation, and evaluation meetings, involving 25 outpatient clinics at Intermountain Healthcare. The CCR standard schema and documentation from American Society for Testing and Materials were used to develop the data model. An outside consultant provided further advice on committee-approved designs. We then developed a functional design document for the CCR application implementation. Healthcare professionals (medical doctors and physician assistants) and fourth-year medical students will simulate the will simulate the EMC and CoC report use and assess their usefulness in CoC. The reviewers will review three randomly selected patient cases, using patient information in the electronic medical record, EMC and CoC report. A structured questionnaire with Likert scale will assess the reviewers’ perceptions of the documents’ usefulness in medical decision making. Other studies will compare patient- and HCP-entered data to evaluate the effect of patient-entered data on the quality of HCP-entered data and assess user-satisfaction with the documents’ usefulness in CoC. Results: An automated CCR application compliant with the CCR standard was developed and integrated in an already implemented patient portal at the Intermountain Healthcare clinics. Patients use the application to view, add, modify their information and use the data plus EMR data to create EMC and CoC report. Conclusions: The CCR standard can be used to implement an application to enable patients to not only view but add or modify personal health records, and create, print and share paper EMC and CoC report with HCPs. The documents can be created using HCP-maintained EMR data, in addition to patient-entered data as is currently the norm.
Annular velocities in constrictive pericarditis: annulus and beyond.

An increasing incidence of constrictive pericarditis (CP) after open heart surgery and the availability of highly effective CP treatments continue to pique investigator interest in CP. Differentiating between CP and restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) remains clinically challenging and has been
Battles in the Hallowed Halls

Professor Edward Adams reviews Dinesh D'Souza's Illiberal Education: The Politics of Race and Sex on Campus. Part I of this Review will explore D'Souza's account of this revolution, offering a critique of his major themes and conclusions. Part II will address an alarming product of this revolution-the adoption of speech codes at a number of universities seeking to prohibit certain forms of speech-and the First Amendment issues raised thereby. Finally, this Review concludes by offering a synopsis of recommendations for reforming academia, consistent with traditional notions of the goals of academia and practical reality.
What’s Age Got to Do With It? Comparing Juveniles and Adults on Drugs and Crime

Age and drugs are both well-known correlates of crime, with the age–crime curve being a staple in criminology. However, the relationship between age and crime (especially certain types of crime) is still highly debated. For drug use, the evidence is mixed when it comes to the effects of age. Unfortunately, there is little research on how age affects the relationship between drugs and crime. The current study aims to determine whether there are differences in the relationship between drugs and crime depending on age by conducting the same analysis on a sample of adults and adolescents. The results indicate that there are substantial differences between the adult and juvenile samples, in terms of their drug use and criminal involvement.
Bone regeneration using injectable BMP-7 loaded chitosan microparticles in rat femoral defect

Injectable chitosan microparticles were prepared using a simple coacervation method under physiologically friendly conditions by eliminating oil or toxic chemical, and employing low temperature and pressure for growth factor stability. Amount of 200 ng of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) was incorporated in the chitosan microparticles by two methods: encapsulating and coating techniques. These microparticles were tested in vivo to determine the biological response in a rat femoral bone defect at 6 and 12 weeks. Four groups (n=10) were tested which include two groups for BMP-7 incorporated microparticles (by two techniques), microparticles without BMP-7, and defect itself (negative control). Healthy bone formation was observed around the microparticles, which were only confined to the defect site and did not disperse. Histology indicated minor inflammatory response around the microparticles at 6 weeks, which reduced by 12 weeks. Micro-CT analysis of bone surface density and porosity was found to be significantly more (p<0.05) for microparticles containing groups, in comparison with controls, which suggests that the new bone formed in the presence of microparticles is more interconnected and porous. Collagen fibrils analysis conducted using multiphoton microscopy showed significant improvement in the formation of bundled collagen area (%) in microparticles containing groups in comparison with controls, indicating higher cross-linking between the fibrils. Microparticles were biocompatible and did not degrade in the 12 week implant period.
Pre-irradiation chemotherapy in children with high-grade astrocytoma: tumor response to two cycles of the '8-drugs-in-1-day' regimen. A Childrens Cancer Group study, CCG-945.

Purpose This study was undertaken to evaluate the radiographie response to two cycles of chemotherapy prior to irradiation in newly diagnosed children with high-grade astrocytomas.Patients and methods. One hundred and thirty children less than 21 years of age with newly-diagnosed highgrade astrocytoma were treated with the ‘eight-drugs-in-one-day’ chemotherapy regimen as part of a phase III multi-institutional Childrens Cancer Group (CCG) trial. Computerized Tomographic (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) scans, obtained after two cycles of chemotherapy had been administered, were compared with post-operative scans to determine treatment response. Scans were evaluated by institutional radiologists, and were reviewed centrally by a single neuroradiologist.
Mono-, few-, and multiple layers of copper antimony sulfide (CuSbS2): a ternary layered sulfide.

Layered materials with controlled thickness down to monolayer are being intensively investigated for unraveling and harnessing their dimension-dependent properties. Copper antimony sulfide (CuSbS2) is a ternary layered semiconductor material that has been considered as an absorber material in thin film solar cells due to its optimal band gap (∼1.5 eV) with high absorption coefficient of over >104 cm–1. We have for the first time developed solution-based approaches for the synthesis of mono-, few-, and multiple layers of CuSbS2. These include a colloidal bottom-up approach for the synthesis of CuSbS2 nanoplates with thicknesses from six layers to several layers, and a hybrid bottom-up-top-down approach for the formation of CuSbS2 mesobelts. The latter can be exfoliated by Li-ion intercalation and sonication to obtain layers down to monolayer thickness. Time-dependent TEM studies provide important insights into the growth mechanism of mesobelts. At the initial stage the nanoplates grow laterally to form nan...
Epidemic Characteristics of Syphilis in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture,2005-2010

Objective To analyze the incidence level and epidemic characteristics of syphilis in Liangshan prefecture in recent years,provide scientific evidence for developing the plan of syphilis prevention.Methods Report data of syphilis epidemic situations in Liangshan prefecture during 2005-2010 was analyzed by using descriptive epidemiological method.Results Totally 2 905 syphilis cases were reported in Liangshan prefecture during 2005-2010;annual reported incidence was 11.62/105,with a yearly increasing trend;the differences between incidences each year were statistically significant(P0.01).In various types of syphilis,mainly were latent and primary syphilis,accounted for 81.48% of all the patients.No obvious seasonal peak was observed.There were more female patients than males;and the male to female sex ratio was 0.69∶1;the yearly average incidence in males was 9.19/105;in females was 14.20/105,and with the statistical difference(P0.01).The morbidity mainly in the young adults aged 20-39 Years,accounted for 66.47% of the total.The occupation mainly was farmer,accounted for 61.34%.Conclusion The reported incidence of syphilis in Liangshan prefecture during 2005-2010 showed an increasing trend,therefore,to minimize the risk factors of the spread of syphilis,health promotion and education should be strengthened to improve the prevention awareness and prevention level of the community,syphilis screening and testing among the high-risk population should be enhanced,with the implementation of effective comprehensive interventions.
The Severity of God: Religion and Philosophy Reconceived

This book explores the role of divine severity in the character and wisdom of God, and the flux and difficulties of human life in relation to divine salvation. Much has been written on problems of evil, but the matter of divine severity has received relatively little attention. Paul K. Moser discusses the function of philosophy, evidence and miracles in approaching God. He argues that if God's aim is to extend without coercion His lasting life to humans, then commitment to that goal could manifest itself in making human life severe, for the sake of encouraging humans to enter into that cooperative good life. In this scenario, divine agapē is conferred as free gift, but the human reception of it includes stress and struggle in the face of conflicting powers and priorities. Moser's work will be of great interest to students of the philosophy of religion, and theology.
Tactics for preclinical validation of receptor-binding radiotracers.

Abstract Introduction Aspects of radiopharmaceutical development are illustrated through preclinical studies of [ 125 I]-( E )-1-(2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethyl)-4-(iodoallyl)piperazine ([ 125 I]- E -IA-BF-PE-PIPZE), a radioligand for sigma-1 (σ 1 ) receptors, coupled with examples from the recent literature. Findings are compared to those previously observed for [ 125 I]-( E )-1-(2-(2,3-dimethoxy-5-yl)ethyl)-4-(iodoallyl)piperazine ([ 125 I]- E -IA-DM-PE-PIPZE). Methods Syntheses of E -IA-BF-PE-PIPZE and [ 125 I]- E -IA-BF-PE-PIPZE were accomplished by standard methods. In vitro receptor binding studies and autoradiography were performed, and binding potential was predicted. Measurements of lipophilicity and protein binding were obtained. In vivo studies were conducted in mice to evaluate radioligand stability, as well as specific binding to σ 1 sites in brain, brain regions and peripheral organs in the presence and absence of potential blockers. Results E -IA-BF-PE-PIPZE exhibited high affinity and selectivity for σ 1 receptors ( K i = 0.43 ± 0.03 nM, σ 2 /σ 1 = 173). [ 125 I]- E -IA-BF-PE-PIPZE was prepared in good yield and purity, with high specific activity. Radioligand binding provided dissociation (k off ) and association (k on ) rate constants, along with a measured K d of 0.24 ± 0.01 nM and B max of 472 ± 13 fmol/mg protein. The radioligand proved suitable for quantitative autoradiography in vitro using brain sections. Moderate lipophilicity, Log D 7.4 2.69 ± 0.28, was determined, and protein binding was 71 ± 0.3%. In vivo, high initial whole brain uptake, >6% injected dose/g, cleared slowly over 24 h. Specific binding represented 75% to 93% of total binding from 15 min to 24 h. Findings were confirmed and extended by regional brain biodistribution. Radiometabolites were not observed in brain (1%). Conclusions Substitution of dihydrobenzofuranylethyl for dimethoxyphenethyl increased radioligand affinity for σ 1 receptors by 16-fold. While high specific binding to σ 1 receptors was observed for both radioligands in vivo, [ 125 I]- E -IA-BF-PE-PIPZE displayed much slower clearance kinetics than [ 125 I]- E -IA-DM-PE-PIPZE. Thus, minor structural modifications of σ 1 receptor radioligands lead to major differences in binding properties in vitro and in vivo.
Cultivation and erosion of creative identity: a Hong Kong advertising agency as case study

AbstractDrawing on an ethnography of a middle-scale advertising agency in Hong Kong, I show that although the advertising creatives in this agency do not suffer from the precariousness common to many creative workers, their job security locks them into a position where the four aspects of the evolving economies and industrial landscape – the diminishing romantic myth of a creative, the tightening of production times, the marginalization of Hong Kong’s advertising industry, and the loss of respect from regional clients – erode their creative identity. At the same time, their job security also allows these creatives to renew their creative identity through dressing in fashionable ways and making jokes at work. In this light, the advertising creatives are facing an ambivalent space where their creative identity is constantly eroded yet renewed. This study called for understanding creative workers from their perspective and a reconceptualization of creativity.
Turning Citizens into Investors: Promoting Savings with Liberty Bonds During World War I

Increasing savings rates among households of modest incomes would strengthen their balance sheets and reduce wealth inequality. This paper analyzes one of the largest and most successful efforts to increase the savings of ordinary households in American history. The Liberty Bond drives of World War I persuaded tens of millions of Americans to buy government bonds, which were sold in denominations as low as $50, and could be purchased in installment plans. Using newly collected data on the sales of Liberty Bonds at the county level, we analyze the factors that influenced the degree to which the bond drives were successful. The results highlight the importance of the participation of civil society organizations and local banks in marketing the bonds. We discuss the implications of these findings for the design of modern programs to increase savings.
Inversion of reflected PP, SS , and converted PS/SP travel times for crustal structure

Abstract We descibe the use of reflected PP, SS , and converted PS/SP phases in a joint inversion to determine P -and S -wave velocity-depth functions. For an adequate determination of Poisson9s ratio, the P - and S -wave velocity functions must be coupled in the inversion scheme. This coupling can be attained in different ways. In this article, we use the PS/SP converted phases to achieve it. In order to model gradient zones and to prevent any bias due to our choice of parameterization, our models consist of a large number of constantvelocity thin layers. The solution of the inversion problem estimates the thicknesses of these layers. The number of unknowns (layer thicknesses) is greater than the number of data points and the one-dimensional inverse problem is an underdetermined system of equations. A weighted damped least-squares inversion algorithm using the (τ, p ) formulation is used. The input data for this inverse problem consist of intercept-time ray-parameter pairs picked from (τ, p ) slantstacked wide-angle seismic reflection source gathers. When this procedure is used to invert only a single type of reflected waves, then the solution is strongly biased by the assignment of the data picks, (τ, p ) paris, to a particular layer. By using the (τ, p ) picks for the reflected PP , the reflected SS , and the converted PS/SP in a single joint inversion, the algorithm becomes more robust. Furthermore, the resolution of the P and S velocity-depth functions is greatly increased. The resolution kernels become sharper, decreasing the width of the main lobe by 10 to 50% and increasing their height by 20 to 40%. This increase in resolution in the velocity-depth functions can produce a decrease of approximately 50% in the error estimates of Poisson9s ratio profiles.
Reduced forms and weak instrumentation

This paper develops exact finite sample and asymptotic distributions for a class of reduced form estimators and predictors, allowing for the presence of unidentified or weakly identified structural equations. Weak instrument asymptotic theory is developed directly from finite sample results, unifying earlier findings and showing the usefulness of structural information in making predictions from reduced form systems in applications. Asymptotic results are reported for predictions from models with many weak instruments. Of particular interest is the finding that, in unidentified and weakly identified structural models, partially restricted reduced form predictors have considerably smaller forecast mean square errors than unrestricted reduced forms. These results are related to the use of shrinkage methods in system-wide reduced form estimation.
Comparing Prevalence Estimates From Population-Based Surveys to Inform Surveillance Using Electronic Health Records

INTRODUCTION Electronic health record (EHR) systems provide an opportunity to use a novel data source for population health surveillance. Validation studies that compare prevalence estimates from EHRs and surveys most often use difference testing, which can, because of large sample sizes, lead to detection of significant differences that are not meaningful. We explored a novel application of the two one-sided t test (TOST) to assess the equivalence of prevalence estimates in 2 population-based surveys to inform margin selection for validating EHR-based surveillance prevalence estimates derived from large samples. METHODS We compared prevalence estimates of health indicators in the 2013 Community Health Survey (CHS) and the 2013-2014 New York City Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NYC HANES) by using TOST, a 2-tailed t test, and other goodness-of-fit measures. RESULTS A ±5 percentage-point equivalence margin for a TOST performed well for most health indicators. For health indicators with a prevalence estimate of less than 10% (extreme obesity [CHS, 3.5%; NYC HANES, 5.1%] and serious psychological distress [CHS, 5.2%; NYC HANES, 4.8%]), a ±2.5 percentage-point margin was more consistent with other goodness-of-fit measures than the larger percentage-point margins. CONCLUSION A TOST with a ±5 percentage-point margin was useful in establishing equivalence, but a ±2.5 percentage-point margin may be appropriate for health indicators with a prevalence estimate of less than 10%. Equivalence testing can guide future efforts to validate EHR data.
Shoreline oiling effects and recovery of salt marsh macroinvertebrates from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

Salt marshes in northern Barataria Bay, Louisiana, USA were oiled, sometimes heavily, in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Previous studies indicate that fiddler crabs (in the genus Uca) and the salt marsh periwinkle (Littoraria irrorata) were negatively impacted in the short term by the spill. Here, we detail longer-term effects and recovery from moderate and heavy oiling over a 3-year span, beginning 30 months after the spill. Although neither fiddler crab burrow density nor diameter differed between oiled and reference sites when combined across all sampling events, these traits differed among some individual sampling periods consistent with a pattern of lingering oiling impacts. Periwinkle density, however, increased in all oiling categories and shell-length groups during our sampling period, and periwinkle densities were consistently highest at moderately oiled sites where Spartina alterniflora aboveground biomass was highest. Periwinkle shell length linearly increased from a mean of 16.5 to 19.2 mm over the study period at reference sites. In contrast, shell lengths at moderately oiled and heavily oiled sites increased through month 48 after the spill, but then decreased. This decrease was associated with a decline in the relative abundance of large adults (shell length 21-26 mm) at oiled sites which was likely caused by chronic hydrocarbon toxicity or oil-induced effects on habitat quality or food resources. Overall, the recovery of S. alterniflora facilitated the recovery of fiddler crabs and periwinkles. However, our long-term record not only indicates that variation in periwinkle mean shell length and length-frequency distributions are sensitive indicators of the health and recovery of the marsh, but agrees with synoptic studies of vegetation and infaunal communities that full recovery of heavily oiled sites will take longer than 66 months.
A monoclonal antibody against SV40 large T antigen (PAb416) does not label Merkel cell carcinoma.

Aims Merkel cell carcinoma represents poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of cutaneous origin. In most studies, the vast majority of Merkel cell carcinomas are Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV)-associated. SV40 polyomavirus immunohistochemistry is typically used in the diagnosis of other polyomavirus-associated diseases, including tubulointerstitial nephritis and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, given cross-reactivity with BK and JC polyomaviruses. MCPyV-specific immunohistochemistry is commercially available, but, if antibodies against SV40 also cross-reacted with MCPyV, that would be advantageous from a resource-utilisation perspective. Methods and results Tissue microarrays were constructed from 39 Merkel cell carcinomas, 24 small-cell lung carcinomas, and 18 extrapulmonary visceral small-cell carcinomas. SV40 large T antigen immunohistochemistry (clone PAb416) was performed; MCPyV large T antigen immunohistochemistry (clone CM2B4) had been previously performed. UniProt was used to compare the amino acid sequences of the SV40, BK, JC and MCPyV large T antigens, focusing on areas recognised by the PAb416 and CM2B4 clones. SV40 immunohistochemistry was negative in all tumours; MCPyV immunohistochemistry was positive in 38% of Merkel cell carcinomas and in 0% of non-cutaneous poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas. UniProt analysis revealed a high degree of similarity between SV40, BK, and JC viruses in the region recognised by PAb416. There was less homology between SV40 and MCPyV in this region, which was also interrupted by two long stretches of amino acids unique to MCPyV. The CM2B4 clone recognises a unique epitope in one of these stretches. Conclusions The PAb416 antibody against the SV40 large T antigen does not cross-react with MCPyV large T antigen, and thus does not label Merkel cell carcinoma.
Understanding Chemical Bonding in Alloys and the Representation in Atomistic Simulations

Alloys are widely used in catalysts and structural materials. The nature of chemical bonding and the origin of alloy formation energies, defect energies, and interfacial properties have not been well understood to date but are critical to material performance. In this contribution, we explain the polar nature of chemical bonding and an implementation in classical and reactive atomistic simulations to understand such properties more quantitatively. Electronegativity differences between metal atoms lead to polar bonding, and exothermic alloy formation energies are related to charge transfer between the different elements. These differences can be quantified by atomic charges using pairwise charge increments, determined by matching the computed alloy formation energy to experimentally measured alloy formation energies using pair potentials for the pure metals. The polar character of alloys is comparable to organic molecules and partially ionic minerals, for example, AlNi and AlNi3 alloys assume significant a...
Affective recruitment of distributed heterogeneous agents

Members of multi-robot teams may need to collaborate to accomplish a task due to differences in capabilities. This paper describes an extension of the ALLIANCE architecture that enables agent recruitment within a decentralized UAV-UGV robot team without task preemption but 1) uses a formal model of emotions and 2) handles heterogeneity. Affective computing allows recruitment to be robust under loss of communication between agents and minimizes the number of messages passed. Data from 66 simulations show that the affective strategy succeeds with a random message loss rate up to 25% and requires 19.1% fewer messages to be sent compared to greedy and random, and that of these, affective scales best with team size. Comparisons of broadcast to unicast messaging are also made in simulation.
Transmission probability determination with directed mass motion and with mean free path considerations.

Transmission probability describing free molecular flow through vacuum systems obtained via Monte Carlo program
MoodMixer: EEG-based Collaborative Sonification

MoodMixer is an interactive installation in which participants collaboratively navigate a two-dimensional music space by manipulating their cognitive state and conveying this state via wearable Electroencephalography (EEG) technology. The participants can choose to actively manipulate or passively convey their cognitive state depending on their desired approach and experience level. A four-channel electronic music mixture continuously conveys the participants’ expressed cognitive states while a colored visualization of their locations on a two-dimensional projection of cognitive state attributes aids their navigation through the space. MoodMixer is a collaborative experience that incorporates aspects of both passive and active EEG sonication and performance art. We discuss the technical design of the installation and place its collaborative sonication aesthetic design within the context of existing EEG-based music and art.
Impact of non-brain anatomy and coil orientation on inter- and intra-subject variability in TMS at midline.

Abstract Objective To investigate inter-subject variability with respect to cerebrospinal fluid thickness and brain-scalp distance, and to investigate intra-subject variability with different coil orientations. Methods Simulations of the induced electric field (E-Field) using a figure-8 coil over the vertex were conducted on 50 unique head models and varying orientations on 25 models. Metrics exploring stimulation intensity, spread, and localization were used to describe inter-subject variability and effects of non-brain anatomy. Results Both brain-scalp distance and CSF thickness were correlated with weaker stimulation intensity and greater spread. Coil rotations show that for the dorsal portion of the stimulated brain, E-Field intensities are highest when the anterior-posterior axis of the coil is perpendicular to the longitudinal fissure, but highest for the medial portion of the stimulated brain when the coil is oriented parallel to the longitudinal fissure. Conclusions Normal anatomical variation in healthy individuals leads to significant differences in the site of TMS, the intensity, and the spread. These variables are generally neglected but could explain significant variability in basic and clinical studies. Significance This is the first work to show how brain-scalp distance and cerebrospinal fluid thickness influence focality, and to show the disassociation between dorsal and medial TMS.
Mode Usage in Automated Cockpits: Some Initial Observations

Abstract Mode confusion is increasingly becoming a significant contributor to accidents and incidents involving highly automated airliners; in the last seven years there have been four airline accidents in which mode problems were present. This paper attempts to provide some initial observations about modes and how pilots use them. The authors define the terms “mode“,“mode transitions“,“mode configurations“, and propose a framework for describing and classifying modes. Preliminary results from a field study that documented mode usage in “Glass Cockpit” aircraft are presented. The data were collected during 30 flights onboard Boeing 757/767 type aircraft. Summary of the data depicts the paths that pilots use in transitioning from one mode to another. Analysis of the data suggest that these mode transitions are influenced by changes in aircraft altitude as well as by two factors in the operational environment: the type of air traffic control facility supervising the flight, and the type of instruction (clearance) issued.
Direitos Humanos:: um olhar a partir do programa de cotas nas Universidades

Exclusao e inclusao e um par dialetico cujo conteudo so e revelado se a abordagem for feita em conjunto e nao isoladamente por um dos polos - incluir x excluir. No âmbito educacional a inclusao excludente ocorre sob a forma de diferenciacao nas condicoes de aprendizagem. Um dos aspectos apontados no discurso de inclusao e o acesso de todos i s mesmas condicoes, entre elas o de direito i educacao. Nesse sentido, o governo federal criou as acoes afirmativas com o discurso de reparar uma situacao historica de exclusao dos negros. Assim, o objetivo geral foi compreender os Direitos Humanos a partir do programa de cotas nas universidades. Metodologicamente, utilizamos a pesquisa bibliografica com autores tais como Gentili, Kuenzer, Castel, entre outros. Optamos pela abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa. O criterio de escolha do universo se deu na consideracao de poder discutir o Programa de Cotas no ensino superior. Utilizou-se a analise de conteudo de Bardin (2010). Os resultados indicam que o governo inclui uma minoria na universidade em detrimento a outros, sem investir no aumento de vagas. Consideramos que o Programa de Cotas e um processo de inclusao excludente, pois se garante o ingresso dos "beneficiarios" nas universidades, mas nao se garante a permanencia, nem tampouco a qualidade necessaria. Assim, ao ingressar na universidade por meio do Programa de Cotas produz-se a inclusao, porem, ao estabelecer espacos determinados e limitados produz-se a exclusao.
A Research on an Intelligent Line Device for Increasing the Utilization of Solar Energy

A simple off-grid photovoltaic system consists of at least photovoltaic cells, solar controllers and batteries. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells, the efficiency of solar controllers and the accuracy of maximum power tracking algorithms directly affect the utilization of solar energy of photovoltaic system. But in the fixed state of each product characteristic of the system, the management mode between the components will play an important role in the utilization rate of the solar energy system. This paper proposes an intelligent line device, which can adjust the arrangement of photovoltaic cells and the working state of solar controllers according to the inherent characteristics of existing system configurations, so that the system can work in an optimal state for a longer period of time. The test data of the off-grid PV site with 18KW photovoltaic cells shows that the device can accurately identify and isolate faulty photovoltaic cells. The use of the intelligent line device on sunny and cloudy days can increase about 1.0Kwh and 1.8Kwh of the solar power generation on average..
Trends associated with debt loads among oral and maxillofacial surgery chief residents.

Objective This survey-based study was undertaken to investigate how total debt loads are impacting the personal and professional decisions made by graduating oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) residents. The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in total debt load on graduating residents and analyze the effects of this debt on career, family, and lifestyle choices after graduation. Study Design This study was a cross-sectional, web-based survey of all graduating OMS residents in accredited OMS residency programs in the United States. Participation in the survey was optional, and all responses were anonymously collected and the data analyzed by using Qualtrics software. The respondents were analyzed as a collective, with the predictor of the study being program training length and the outcome being total debt load, with independent analysis of select other financial variables. Results For the 246 deliverable emails, there were 120 respondents (48.7% response rate). The average graduating OMS resident was a Caucasian male (median age 32 years), living with a significant other or spouse who independently earned money, and had no dependents. The average range of accumulated debt of graduating residents was between $300,000 and $350,000, with 50.83% of the respondents having $350,000 or less in overall debt and 49.17% of the respondents having $350,000 or greater in accumulated debt. For those respondents completing 4-year programs, the average range of accumulated debt was between $250,000 and $300,000, and for those respondents completing 6-year programs, the average range of accumulated debt was between $400,000 and $450,000 (P Conclusions Graduating OMS residents carry with them a significant amount of debt whether graduating from a 4-year program or a 6-year program. However, when subjectively queried, most of these residents stated they would again choose OMS as a career choice.
Practice 2: Crowds Offering a Variety of Types of Knowledge Are More Innovative Than Crowds Suggesting More Ideas

We coded the knowledge traces contributed by the crowds. We were looking for the presence of any of four different types of knowledge shared about the problem description and solutions: facts, examples, paradoxical objectives, and ideas for solving the problem. We found that innovative ideas were NOT preceded by a larger variety of ideas! Instead, innovative ideas were preceded by the crowd posting a greater variety of different knowledge TYPES. Thus, it is not simply diversity of opinions that matter, it is the diversity in how each member frames their knowledge when they are sharing it during the crowdsourcing.
Recoverability of Listeria monocytogenes after coculture with Tetrahymena pyriformis

Bactivory by protozoa is a major factor that limits the number of bacteria in nature and may control the presence of Listeria monocytogenes. The effectiveness of Tetrahymena pyriformis destruction of L. monocytogenes was measured. Within 1 hr, 35–40 T. pyriformis cells ingested an average of 1,219 CFU of L. monocytogenes. Gentamicin was then added to kill un‐ingested Listeria. In 24 hr, the recoverable bacteria were reduced at an exponential rate to undetectable levels (<1 per culture). A genetically diverse set of L. monocytogenes cultures all reduced Listeria recovery by the same degree. In assays without addition of gentamicin, numbers of attached L. monocytogenes cells were lessened from an average of log 6.5 CFU/2 ml culture to log 4.7 CFU/2 ml culture. T. pyriformis was capable of lowering numbers of both free‐swimming and attached L. monocytogenes. This technology may have applications to control L. monocytogenes in food processing environments.
Tibial Plateau Fracture with Ipsilateral Syndesmotic Injury: A Previously Undescribed Maisonneuve-Equivalent Injury Pattern: A Case Report.

Case A 44-year-old man presented after a motor vehicle crash and was found to have a right tibial plateau fracture and an (initially missed) ipsilateral syndesmotic injury in the setting of a completely intact fibula. He was managed with open reduction and internal fixation of the tibial plateau and syndesmosis. Conclusion This case represents a novel Maisonneuve-equivalent injury pattern. This diagnosis should be considered in patients with ankle pain in the setting of ipsilateral tibial plateau fracture, and internal fixation of both injuries represents an appropriate treatment option.
What is most important in predicting survival? Quantifying the relative effect of patient factors, stage, hospital, quality metrics, and treatment on survival following GI cancer resection.

e19203Background: Prior studies have identified patient characteristics, TNM stage, quality metrics, and systemic therapy as factors associated with survival. However, studies have not quantified t...
The embodied teaching of complex verbal constructions with German placement verbs and spatial prepositions

Abstract In recent years, foreign language pedagogy has recognized the need to focus (i) on larger meaningful sequences of words (Nattinger & DeCarrico, 1992; Wray, 2002; Ellis & Cadierno, 2009; Gonzalez Rey, 2013) and (ii) further on communicative goals (Nunan, 1991; Widdowson, 1992; Savignon, 2000). Difficulties in the learning process of a foreign language result from the conceptual and constructional differences between expressions in the native and foreign language. Teaching materials often propose a lexical approach with an unstructured set of constructed examples. With the postulate of meaningful schematic templates, Construction Grammar (CxG) has a number of assets for foreign language teaching (FLT) and learning (FLL), it allows among others to establish a structured inventory of abstract constructions with prototypical exemplars and inheritance links between the constructions’ instantiations. To be proficient in a foreign language also means to use new words in constructions. Learners can be asked to extend the use of new lexical units as slot-fillers into constructional patterns. This is exemplified with the use of German posture and placement verbs in the caused motion construction and the corresponding intransitive locative construction. But having learned a vast number of constructional templates of a language does not automatically imply that learners can produce L2-constructions and their instantiations in a creative way. Therefore, CxG must be enriched with further insights from Cognitive Linguistics which claims that conceptual categories and their linguistic expressions are the result of embodied processes (Lakoff, 1987). This chapter makes some suggestions for interactive activities which can foster ‘embodied teaching and learning’.
Risk Factors for Laryngectomy for Dysfunctional Larynx After Organ Preservation Protocols: A Case-Control Analysis.

Objective(1) To identify factors associated with severe dysfunctional larynx leading to total laryngectomy after curative treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and (2) to describe swal...
Protected Rotational Atherectomy and DK NanoCrush POT rePOT Technique With Dual Guiding Catheters for Unprotected Distal Left Main.

In patients with severely calcified left main (LM) disease, plaque modification with atherectomy is recommended. However, concern for side branch closure during main branch atherectomy exists, and as such, protected atherectomy with dual guide catheters has been described ([1][1]). In addition,