cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Normal differentiation of prolactin cells in neonatal rats requires a maternal signal specific to early lactation.

This laboratory has previously demonstrated that PRL-secreting cells are virtually nonexistent on day 3 but appear in appreciable numbers on day 4 of neonatal life. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether this explosive appearance of PRL cells is due to maternal influences specific to the first 4 days of lactation. Litters of 1-day-old rat pups were placed with foster mothers that had been lactating for either 1 or 4 days. Four days later (at 5 days of age), the anterior pituitaries from these pups were removed, dispersed into individual cells with trypsin, and subjected to reverse hemolytic plaque assays for PRL and GH release. We found that the proportion of PRL-releasing cells in pituitaries from pups placed with day 1 mothers (4.2 +/- 0.6%; mean +/- SE; n = 4 experiments) was similar to that in 5-day-old pups that had not been fostered (3.4 +/- 0.6%; n = 3 experiments). In contrast, placing 1-day-old pups with day 4 mothers significantly reduced (P less than 0.01) the fraction that released PRL to 0.6 +/- 0.2% of all pituitary cells (n = 4 experiments). This effect appeared to be specific to PRL cells, since the percentage of all pituitary cells that secreted GH was not different between litters fostered onto day 1 or day 4 dams (40.0 +/- 3.8% and 41.1 +/- 3.9%, respectively; n = 3 experiments). Furthermore, the suppression of PRL cell expression did not result from a gross nutritional deficit, since the rates of body wt gain during the foster period were not different between the two groups (12.4 +/- 0.5 and 12.9 +/- 0.8 g/litter.day, respectively; n = 4 experiments). In a second design, newborn pups were placed with females that had been lactating for 0, 2, 4, or 7 days and analyzed for PRL- and GH-releasing cells at 5 days of age. In two trials of this experiment, the fractions of pituitary cells that secreted PRL were 5.2, 6.3, 5.9, and 1.2%, respectively for trial 1 and 3.3, 4.1, 0.7, and 0.6%, respectively for trial 2. As in the first experiment, the proportion of GH-releasing cells and the rate of growth were not different among the four groups. Taken together, these results indicate that normal differentiation of PRL cells in neonatal rats is triggered by a maternal signal present during the first few days of lactation, and that the magnitude of this signal declines with the progression of lactation.
High Voltage Wide Bandgap Photoconductive Switching

High gain photoconductive switching using Si and GaAs was studied previously for pulsed high voltage switching. A laser is used to generate charge carriers within the material to render the bulk conductive. We have begun the study of photoconductive switching using wide bandgap materials. These materials appear to operate in a non-high gain mode and the on resistance can be directly controlled with the laser intensity over many decades. It is presently believed that the conduction mechanism may be due to (a) excitation of deep states or (b) multi-photon pumping of carriers from the valance band. We present the study of the physics processes and development of a device operating at >20-kV.
Cyclin E associates with the lipogenic enzyme ATP-citrate lyase to enable malignant growth of breast cancer cells

Cyclin E is altered in nearly a third of invasive breast cancers where it is a powerful independent predictor of survival in women with stage I-III disease. Full-length cyclin E is posttranslationally cleaved into low molecular weight (LMW-E) isoforms, which are tumor-specific and accumulate in the cytoplasm because they lack a nuclear localization sequence. We hypothesized that aberrant localization of cytosolic LMW-E isoforms alters target binding and activation ultimately contributing to LMW-E-induced tumorigenicity. To address this hypothesis, we used a retrovirus-based protein complementation assay to find LMW-E binding proteins in breast cancer, identifying ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), an enzyme in the de novo lipogenesis pathway, as a novel LMW-E-interacting protein in the cytoplasm. LMW-E upregulated ACLY enzymatic activity, subsequently increasing lipid droplet formation, thereby providing cells with essential building blocks to support growth. ACLY was also required for LMW-E-mediated transformation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro along with tumor growth in vivo In clinical specimens of breast cancer, the absence of LMW-E and low expression of adipophilin (PLIN2), a marker of lipid droplet formation, associated with favorable prognosis, whereas overexpression of both proteins correlated with a markedly worse prognosis. Taken together, our findings establish a novel relationship between LMW-E isoforms of cyclin E and aberrant lipid metabolism pathways in breast cancer tumorigenesis, warranting further investigation in additional malignancies exhibiting their expression. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2406-18. ©2016 AACR.
Adaptive dynamic surface error constrained control for MIMO systems with backlash-like hysteresis via prediction error technique

In this paper, we are concerned with the problem of adaptive dynamic surface error constrained control for a class of nonlinear multiple-input-multiple-output systems with unknown backlash-like hysteresis nonlinearities. By transforming the tracking errors into new virtual error variables which are incorporated into the proposed prescribed performance control strategy, the prescribed steady-state and transient performance can be ensured. Compared with the existing methods, we introduce the prediction error which is generated between the system state and the serial–parallel estimation model to construct the adaptive laws for neural network weights. The proposed prediction error technique can be used to compensate the tracking error, which implies that a higher accuracy of the identified neural network model is achieved. It is shown that the proposed control approach can guarantee that all the signals of the resulting closed-loop systems are bounded and the output tracks the desired trajectory, while the tracking error are confined all times within the prescribed bounds. Finally, a simulation example is provided to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Thermal Stability of RP-2 as a Function of Composition: The Effect of Linear, Branched, and Cyclic Alkanes

The objective of this work was to identify compositional changes that could improve the thermal stability of the kerosene rocket propellant known as RP-2. For this study, we probed the effect of different types of alkanes on the thermal stability of RP-2. The proportion of linear, branched, or cyclic alkanes was increased by mixing RP-2 with one of the following alkanes (25% by mass): n-dodecane, n-tetradecane, 4-methyldodecane, 2,6,10-trimethyldodecane, or 1,3,5-triisopropylcyclohexane. These mixtures were thermally stressed in stainless steel ampule reactors at 673 K (400 °C, 752 °F) for up to 4 h. After each reaction, the stressed fuel was analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. The decomposition kinetics of each added alkane was determined from the decrease in its chromatographic peak. The overall decomposition kinetics of each fuel mixture was determined from the increase in a suite of chromatographic peaks that correspond to light decomposition products. These data are compar...
Fine Pitch Transfer and Join (T&J) From MCM to 3DI

Over the last three decades computational performance propelled forward at a breath taking pace. This was enabled due to the introduction of CMOS technology, strict application of its scaling rules, and system innovation. The industry followed "Moore's Law" doubling transistor count every 18 month. In addition the design community drove innovations like on-chip caching, pipelined executions, and multi-core systems to deliver the required performance. All this time the processor chip could be considered to be flat which put increasing pressure on chip size to accommodate all its components. To continue the performance trend, however, it is conceivable to spread the components of the microprocessor chip over more than one active layer to maintain their close proximity. The device 3D integration (3DI) has the potential to achieve such goals to the next level. 3DI can be visualized as vertically stacked multi-chip-modules (MCM-D) with through-Si-via (TSV) integrated with all Si devices. The fine pitch transfer join (TJ) technology is well developed and suited for such integrations. This paper will review the evolution of the TJ technology in fine pitch device connection from it's early MCM applications to the more recent all-Si fine pitch 300 mm wafer-level connections.
Factorization with thermal light: from first-order to n$^{th}$-order interference

We first describe the experimental computation of a novel factoring algorithm based on continuous Gauss sums. Than, interestingly, we show how an exponential speed-up can be achieved by exploiting multi-photon n$^{th}$-order interference.
Investigation of Smoking Stutas of Doctors from Community Health Service Institutions in A District of Hefei City

Objective To investigate the present status of smoking and the related knowledge and behaviours of doctors in community health service institutions of a district of Hefei,and provide evidence for smoking control project.Methods Medical workers in 25 community health service institutions of a strict in Hefei were investigated by ways of enquiry and self-filling questionnaire using standard questionnaire.Results The smoking rate of community medical workers in this strict was 17.5%,while the rate of abstention from smoking was 6.5%.Medical workers had high level in realizing the common damages such as lung diseases caused by smoking or passive smoking,but they knew little about other damages on other organs caused by smoking or passive smoking.72.5% of medical workers had never taken part in training about abstention.Conclusion Publicity and education on the damages of tobacco and skills training about abstention among community medical workers should be enhanced,and make the best use of community health service institutions in smoking control.
A Panoply of Social Science Methods to Illuminate the Phenomena, Reduce Researcher Bias, and Permit Disconfirmation

There is a great variety of social science methods that will be helpful in our quest, and I have chosen some of the most interesting and important for our purposes. In this chapter we will discuss the specification of a protocol; systematic and random sampling methods; thick description and extensive verbatim quotations; self-disclosure by the researcher of personal background and possible bias; quantitative and qualitative content analysis; multiple raters; validation through symbolic interactionist procedures or by means of the Delphi technique; use of informants in the tradition of urban sociological field work; narrative analysis; and Popperian disconfirmation procedures using risky predictions.
Nurses In The Civil Rights Movement

A black student at a “whites-only” Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina; a Freedom Rider in Jackson, Mississippi; a participant in the March on Washington; a community organizer for the Freedom Summer; two marchers from Selma to Montgomery—one a black nun, the other a white activist murdered by the Ku Klux Klan. What these women have in common—in addition to being dedicated civil rights activists—is that they were nurses. One hundred years after slavery African Americans in the South were still subject to the Jim Crow laws that banned them from using public, tax-supported, “whites-only” facilities—including schools, libraries, parks, and hospitals. In the 1950s and 1960s, as increasing numbers of Americans became aware of these injustices, the desire for racial equality reached its peak and the civil rights movement was born. This article highlights the experiences of five nurses and one nursing student who joined tens of thousands of other citizens in taking a stand for social justice.
The effect of shear-thickening on the stability of slot-die coating

Slot-die coating is an economical roll-to-roll processing technique with potential to revolutionize the fabrication of nano-patterned thin films at high throughput. In this study, the impact of shear-thickening of the coating fluid on the stability of slot-die coating was investigated. For the coating fluid, a model system fumed silica nanoparticles dispersed in polypropylene glycol was chosen. These dispersions exhibit shear and extensional thickening characterized through steady shear and capillary break-up measurements. The critical web velocity for the onset of coating defect for different flow rates was measured, while the type of coating defect was visualized using a high speed camera. For the shear thickening particle dispersions, the coating failed through the onset of a ribbing instability. The critical web velocity for the onset of coating defect was found to decrease with increasing particle concentration and increasing fluid viscosity. The minimum wet thickness was studied as a function of capillary number for the particle dispersions and compared with a series of Newtonian fluids with similar viscosities. In all cases, shear-thickening behavior was found to stabilize coating by reducing the minimum wet coating thickness when compared against a Newtonian fluid with similar viscosity at the same capillary number. Conversely, the shear-thinning fluids tested destabilized the coating by increasing the minimum wet thickness when compared against a Newtonian at the same capillary number. The impact of shear-thickening on slot-die coating was further studied by quantifying the evolution of the ribbing instability with increasing web speed and by conducting tests over a wide range of coating gaps. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 4536–4547, 2016
SU-F-T-104: Determining the NTCP Parameters of Pharyngeal Constrictors and Proximal Esophagus for Radiation Induced Swallowing Problems Recorded Six Months After Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Tumors

Purpose: To estimate the radiobiological parameters of four NTCP models that describe the dose-response relations of pharyngeal constrictors and proximal esophagus regarding the severity of patient reported swallowing problems 6 months post chemo-radiotherapy. To identify the section/structure that best correlates with the manifestation of the clinical endpoints. Finally, to compare the goodness-of-fit of those models. Methods: Forty-three patients were treated on a prospective multi-institutional phase II study for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. All the patients received 60 Gy IMRT and they reported symptoms using the novel patient reported outcome version of the CTCAE. We derived the individual patient dosimetric data of superior, medium and inferior sections of pharyngeal constrictors (SPC, MPC and IPC), superior and inferior sections of esophagus (SES and IES) as separate structures as well as combinations. The Lyman-Kutcher-Burman (LKB), Relative Seriality (RS), Logit and Relative Logit (RL) NTCP models were used to fit the patient data. The fitting of the different models was assessed through the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the Odds Ratio methods. Results: The AUC values were highest for the SPC for Grade ≥ 2 (0.719 for the RS and RL models, and 0.716 for LKB and Logit). For Grade ≥ 1, the respective values were 0.699 for RS, LKB and Logit and 0.676 for RL. For MPC the AUC values varied between 0.463–0.477, for IPC between 0.396–0.458, for SES between 0.556–0.613 and for IES between 0.410–0.519. The Odds Ratio for the SPC was 15.6 (1.7–146.4) for RS, LKB and Logit for NTCP of 55%. Conclusion: All the examined NTCP models could fit the clinical data with similar accuracy. The SPC appear to correlate best with the clinical endpoints of swallowing problems. A prospective study could establish the use of NTCP values of SPC as a constraint in treatment planning.
Narco-mantas o el confín de lo criminal

Este articulo recurre a la teoria de actos discursivos de J. L. Austin para realizar un analisis textual de las "narco-mantas", o mensajes publicos firmados por organizaciones criminales. En estos textos breves y fragmentarios se percibe la formacion de un discurso politico incipiente. Hay en ellos una idea de justicia, la intencion de legitimarse frente a un publico anonimo, asi como intentos fragiles de hablar desde un "nosotros" popular. En la interpretacion de la violencia que las narco-mantas buscan imponer esta en juego la distincion entre lo criminal y politico
Algebra: The Search for an Elusive Formula

On the night of February 12, 1535, Niccolo Tartaglia, of Brescia, found the solution to the following vexing problem: “A man sells a sapphire for 500 ducats, making a profit of the cube root of his capital. How much is his profit?” This triumph helped him gain victory over Antonio Maria Fiore, who had posed this problem to challengers as part of a public contest. Besides fame, the prize for the winner included thirty banquets prepared by the loser for Tartaglia and his friends. (Tartaglia chose to decline this part of the prize.) Such contests were part of academic life in sixteenth-century Italy, as competitors vied for university positions and sponsorship from the nobility [93, p. 329].
MSSA vs. Multivariate Regularized Expectation Maximization for Data Cleaning

Previously we introduced Singular Spectrum Analysis SSA and its multivariate extension MSSA as a powerful tool for cleaning data. Here we compare MSSA with the data filling algorithm M-REM (Multivariate Regularized Expectation Maximization). We compare theoretical methodology, numerical stability, algorithm capability, flexibility and speed. Theory and numerical tests indicate that MSSA is superior to M-REM for data cleaning.
Impact of Left Ventricular Systolic Function on Outcome of Correction of Chronic Severe Aortic Valve Regurgitation: Implications for Timing of Surgical Intervention.

Background The timing of valve repair or replacement in patients with severe aortic valve regurgitation (AR) is controversial. We investigated the effect of left ventricular (LV) function on survival and recovery of LV performance and dimensions after correction of chronic severe AR. Methods We reviewed 530 consecutive patients who underwent aortic valve repair or replacement for severe AR between January 1, 2004, and June 30, 2014. Results The 30-day mortality was 0.75%. In multivariate analysis, older age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.02, p = 0.03), preoperative LV ejection fraction (EF) p = 0.04), previous myocardial infarction (HR = 2.53, p = 0.01), and previous cardiac operation (HR = 1.82, p = 0.03) were associated with all-cause mortality. Ejection fraction was reduced before hospital discharge but then improved and was greater than preoperative levels at all subsequent intervals. The LV dimensions decreased early postoperatively and continued to decrease thereafter. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with LV dysfunction (EF p p = 0.04). Conclusions Preoperative LV dysfunction (EF
Establishment and Implementation of a Required Medication Therapy Management Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience

Objective. To develop a community pharmacy-based medication therapy management (MTM) advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) that provides students with skills and knowledge to deliver entry-level pharmacy MTM services.Design. The University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences (SSPPS) partnered with three community pharmacy chains to establish this three-week, required MTM APPE. Students completed the American Pharmacists Association MTM Certificate Course prior to entering the APPE. Students were expected to spend 90% or more of their time at this experience working on MTM interventions, using store MTM platforms.Assessment. All 151 students successfully completed this MTM APPE, and each received a passing evaluation from their preceptor. Preceptor evaluations of students averaged above four (entry-level practice) on a five-point Likert scale. The majority of students reported engagement in MTM services for more than 80% of the time on site. Students’ self-reporting of th...
Wisdom and Freedom

Eliot’s idea relates to Seligman’s implication that we become wiser when we act wisely. Seligman’s research reveals his items 15 through 24 are solidified under the notion of wisdom. The broadness of wisdom is displayed in the fluid universals of self-control, prudence/discretion/caution, humility and modesty, appreciation of beauty and excellence, gratitude, hope/optimism/futuremindedness, spirituality/sense of purpose/faith, forgiveness and mercy, playfulness and humor, zest/passion/enthusiasm.
Spontaneous Labor Onset and Outcomes in Obese Women at Term

Objective The objective of this study was to compare the rates of spontaneous labor onset and its progression in obese and nonobese women after 37 weeks. Study Design We performed a secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort of all women who were admitted for delivery at ≥ 37 weeks of gestation at a university-based tertiary care center between 2004 and 2010. The cohort was stratified by weeks of gestation at which the patient presented for delivery. The rates of spontaneous labor, vaginal delivery, and augmentation with oxytocin were compared between obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30) and nonobese (BMI Results Obese women had lower rates of spontaneous labor than nonobese women at every gestational week (37 weeks, 6.1 vs. 9.3%, p Conclusion Obese women at or beyond 37 weeks are less likely to experience spontaneous labor compared with nonobese women. In addition, obese women presenting in spontaneous labor are less likely that nonobese women to have a vaginal delivery at 37 to 40 weeks, even after oxytocin augmentation.
Simulations in the Classroom: An Innovative Active Learning Experience

Abstract Background Simulation is a common active learning strategy. Although simulation is popular for its effectiveness in the clinical setting, its use in the classroom has been underreported. This article describes classroom activities using simulation and explores its impact on student knowledge and perceptions. Methods Third-year baccalaureate nursing students enrolled in an adult health alterations course participated in the study. Classroom simulations were performed in a lecture hall and were designed to engage students in the transfer of theory to practice. Semesters with and without the inclusion of simulations were compared. Results Students enrolled in semesters that included simulations performed better on quizzes and the first examination and perceived the learning environment to be more student centered, felt more autonomous, competent and connected to the class, and were more motivated. Conclusion Incorporating simulations in the classroom can be an effective way to improve student knowledge and perceptions of the learning environment.
N-Docosahexaenoylethanolamine (synaptamide): Carbon-14 radiolabeling and metabolic studies.

Abstract N-Docosahexaenoylethanolamine (synaptamide) is structurally similar to the endocannabinoid N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide), but incorporates the omega-3 22:6 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in place of the omega-6 20:4 fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA). Some brain membrane lipid effects may be mediated via synaptamide. In competition experiments with mouse brain homogenate in vitro, we found that synaptamide was an order-of-magnitude poorer inhibitor of radioactive anandamide hydrolysis than was anandamide itself. Also, enzyme-mediated hydrolysis of synaptamide was observed to occur at a slower rate than for anandamide. We have synthesized synaptamide radiolabeled with carbon-14 in both the ethanolamine ([α,β-14C2]synaptamide) and in the DHA ([1-14C]synaptamide) moieties. The brain penetration, distribution, and metabolism of radiolabeled synaptamide were studied in mice in vivo relative to anandamide, DHA, and AA. Brain uptake of labeled synaptamide was greater than for labeled DHA, consistent with previous studies of labeled anandamide and AA in our laboratory. After administering either isotopomer of radiolabeled synaptamide, radiolabeled phospholipids were found in mouse brain. Pretreatment of mice with PF3845, a potent, specific inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), eliminated formation of labeled phospholipids measured after 15 min, suggesting that synaptamide is hydrolyzed nearly exclusively by FAAH, though it is a poorer substrate for FAAH than anandamide.
Vpr Targets TET2 for Degradation by CRL4VprBP E3 Ligase to Sustain IL-6 Expression and Enhance HIV-1 Replication

HIV-1 expresses several accessory proteins to counteract host anti-viral restriction factors to facilitate viral replication and disease progression. One such protein, Vpr, has been implicated in affecting multiple cellular processes, but its mechanism remains elusive. Here we report that Vpr targets TET2 for polyubiquitylation by the VprBP-DDB1-CUL4-ROC1 E3 ligase and subsequent degradation. Genetic inactivation or Vpr-mediated degradation of TET2 enhances HIV-1 replication and substantially sustains expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). This process correlates with reduced recruitment of histone deacetylase 1 and 2 to the IL-6 promoter, thus enhancing its histone H3 acetylation level during resolution phase. Blocking IL-6 signaling reduced the ability of Vpr to enhance HIV-1 replication. We conclude that HIV-1 Vpr degrades TET2 to sustain IL-6 expression to enhance viral replication and disease progression. These results suggest that disrupting the Vpr-TET2-IL6 axis may prove clinically beneficial to reduce both viral replication and inflammation during HIV-1 infection.
Overview of Metronomic Chemotherapy in SWOG Breast Cancer Cooperative Group Clinical Trials

Metronomic chemotherapy, defined as continuous or frequent treatment with low doses of anticancer drugs, has been observed to provide excellent safety profiles and has been tested in many tumors. SWOG, formerly the Southwest Oncology Group, has reported extensively on metronomic chemotherapy used in breast cancer. The earliest trials reported on a continuous, or “Cooper-” type, Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, 5-Fluorouracil (CMF) regimen in the setting of adjuvant chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer, in which cyclophosphamide is administered orally on a daily basis and the 5-FU and methotrexate are given by weekly intravenous injection. Subsequently, other regimens have been evaluated. We will, hereby, provide an overview of the main SWOG trials evaluating metronomic chemotherapy in breast cancer.
Riboflavin and Closely Related Flavins

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an overview of riboflavin and other closely related flavins. Riboflavin crystallizes from a variety of solvents as fine orange needles. The decomposition point is about 280°. It is very soluble in alkali and in 36% hydrochloric acid in the cold, and in 18% hydrochloric acid when heated. The vitamin is unstable in alkali while relatively stable toward acid. The water solution is yellow in color and shows an intense yellowish-green fluorescence that is useful for quantitative determination. Riboflavin deficiency, whether induced by deprivation of the vitamin or by the administration of isoriboflavin or galactoflavin, causes the regression of established lymphosarcoma implants in mice. The characterization of riboflavin was only partially accomplished by degradation. Photolysis of riboflavin in alkaline solution yields a compound lumiflavin. Acetylation of riboflavin yielded a readily hydrolyzable tetraacetate, while lumiflavin could not be acetylated.
Nonradiological Treatment for Lung Tumors

Lung cancer is a major public health problem. In the USA, approximately 220,000 patients are diagnosed annually and 160,000 die, far more than from prostate or breast cancer (American Cancer Society 2010 Cancer Statistics). Worldwide, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality, and the World Health Organization estimates 1.3 million deaths per year. The 5-year survival rate is only approximately 15%, and this survival has not changed dramatically over the past three decades.
The Relationship Between Partner Violence and Number of Abortions in a National Sample of Abortion Patients

The purpose of the study was to examine the association between women's experience of two types (sexual and physical) of intimate partner violence (IPV) and number of previous abortions among a national sample of 4,586 abortion patients between the ages of 13 and above 38 years in the United States. Using data from the nationally representative Abortion Patients Survey 2008, χ2 tests were conducted to examine the bivariate associations between all independent and dependent variables. Prevalence ratios were calculated to determine the association between IPV, physical and sexual, and number of abortions, controlling for whether the coconceiving partner knew about the pregnancy and the abortion, and demographic factors including age, education, income, poverty rate, race, and type of union. Results indicate that approximately 51% of the sample of women seeking abortion services had never gotten an abortion before. Reports of IPV were low among this sample-5.6% reported physical violence and 2.4% reported sexual violence, while 82.3% of the coconceiving partners knew about the abortion, and 87.1% knew about the pregnancy. Prevalence ratios revealed that physical violence was positively associated with number of abortions (PR = 1.31, p < .001), but sexual violence was negatively associated with number of abortions (PR = 0.74, p < .05) when all control variables were accounted for. Findings suggesting that physical and sexual violence are differentially associated with a history of multiple abortions were unexpected and suggest the need for additional research in this area. Implications for practice, policy, and directions for future research are discussed.
Bayesian nonlinear meta regression for benefit transfer

Abstract In recent years numerous meta-regression models for benefit transfer in the context of environmental quality changes have been proposed by the academic literature and used by government agencies for policy making. We examine a set of popular specifications in terms of consistency with some basic utility-theoretic considerations, including the adding-up condition that is currently under much scrutiny by benefit transfer practitioners. We also compare these models based on econometric fit with underlying data, and ability to generate meaningful and efficient benefit transfer distributions. We find that our preferred Bayesian Nonlinear Meta-Regression Model (BNL-MRM) satisfies all theoretical requirements. Using a built-in nonlinear model search algorithm we show that it produces benefit estimates that are comparable or superior in efficiency to those flowing from better fitting, but theoretically flawed linear models that do not satisfy adding-up.
Making Healthcare Infrastructure Work: Unpacking the Infrastructuring Work of Individuals

The U.S. healthcare infrastructure is fragmented with various breakdowns. Patients or caregivers have to rely on their own to overcome barriers and fix breakdowns in order to obtain necessary service, that is, infrastructuring work to make the healthcare infrastructure work for them. So far little attention has been paid to such infrastructuring work in healthcare. We present an interview study of 32 U.S. parents of young children to discuss the work of infrastructuring our participants carry out to deal with breakdowns within the healthcare infrastructure. We report how they repaired unexpected failures happening at the individual level, aligned components at organizational and cross-organizational level, and circumvented infrastructural constraints (e.g., policy and financial ones) that were perceived as ambiguous and demanding. We discuss infrastructuring work in light of the literature on patients' and caregivers' work, reflect upon the notion of patient engagement, and explore nuances along several dimensions of infrastructuring work.
Envisioned role of slit bypass pores in physical aging of carbon molecular sieve membranes

Abstract Carbon molecular sieve (CMS) hollow fibers are a special class of rigid, molecular sieving membranes with unique scalability and excellent separation properties for challenging gas-pairs. These high-performing membranes are subject to moderate productivity losses and selectivity gains over time via a phenomenon typically referred to as physical aging. This article considers the role of slit bypass pores in physical aging as sensed by membrane property changes of CMS derived from aromatic polyimide precursors. Such pores are believed to be edge imperfections between adjacent ultramicroporous plates that may tighten over time, causing a reduction in penetrant diffusion coefficients. The envisioned mechanism leading to such slit bypass pores and their effects on penetrant transport are considered here from a fundamental perspective. Importantly, these slit bypass pores can be manipulated to suppress physical aging in CMS hollow fiber membranes, therefore enabling attractive long-term separation properties for multiple challenging applications.
Developing collaborative behaviours in elementary school students: a comparison of robotics versus maths teams

School robotics programmes help students learn science and maths curriculum and acquire needed social skills, such as collaboration. The aim of this observational study was to compare the level of ...
Chapter 9 – Environmental and Occupational Health Issues with Nanoparticles

There are various environmental as well as worker health and safety issues involved with manufacturing or fabrication efforts that result in the creation of particles in the nanoparticle size range. While the research in this area is in the relatively early stages, several studies have been conducted over the last decade or so that focus on the environmental and human exposure issues surrounding the anthropogenic generation of airborne ultrafine or nanometre-range particles. The purpose of this chapter is to elucidate the current state of the literature regarding nanoparticles in the workplace and environment as well as to provide the latest characterization techniques used to conduct airborne nanoscale particle measurement.
Numerical Determination of Natural Spacecraft Formations Near the Collinear Libration Points

The work this paper describes identifies continuous natural relative trajectories near the collinear libration points numerically from the nonlinear CR3BP differential equations by utilizing a shooting method with a two-level differential corrector. The focus is on determining natural formations in the vicinity of the Earth-Moon $\mathrm{L}_{2}$ point when using the nonlinear equations of motion of the CR3BP. Upon identifying these relative trajectories analysis is conducted to determine drift rates of the uncontrolled trajectories compared to linearized formations near the collinear libration points. In addition, stationkeeping techniques are applied to determine the required maneuvers and frequencies and to assess $\triangle \mathcal{V}$ maintenance of the nominal trajectories.
Reducing chemotherapy administration time on an inpatient oncology unit.

PurposeDue to the multifaceted chemotherapy workflow within the hospital, many patients often experience delays in receiving their treatment. This study aims to evaluate the causes for chemotherapy...
Introduction of lung ultrasound surface wave elastography

Ultrasonography is not widely used for lung assessment because ultrasound cannot image deep lung tissue. Many lung diseases including interstitial lung disease (ILD) are associated with changes in lung's elastic properties. ILD includes multiple serious lung disorders associated with lung fibrosis and can lead to respiratory failure and pulmonary hypertension. High-resolution CT (HRCT) is the clinical standard for diagnosing lung fibrosis, but it results in increased radiation exposure for patients. Lung fibrosis is associated with stiffened lung parenchyma. Current clinical techniques including HRCT cannot measure lung elastic properties. Most ILDs are typically distributed in the lung's peripheral and subpleural regions. We developed noninvasive lung ultrasound surface wave elastography (LUSWE) to measure lung surface wave speed safely and quickly. In this abstract, we will present some basics for LUSWE. We will also present its clinic application for assessing ILD. We studied 30 healthy controls, 16 mild ILD patients, 45 moderate ILD patients, and 27 severe ILD patients. Lung surface wave speed has good sensitivity and specificity for separating ILD patients from healthy subjects as well as for separating mild ILD patients from healthy subjects. LUSWE is useful for other lung disorders such as pulmonary edema.
Molecular Screening and Analysis Reveal Novel Oral Site-Specific Locations for the Cariogenic Pathogen Scardovia wiggsiae.

Introduction: Scardovia wiggsiae (SW) is a newly identified cariogenic pathogen associated with severe early childhood caries and oral disease. New studies have confirmed the presence of this organism among clinical samples from both pediatric and adult patients. However, the recent discovery of this organism has left researchers with only limited information available regarding the prevalence of this organism—and virtually no information regarding oral site-specific locations. Based upon this lack of information, the overall objective of this study was to perform an oral site-specific analysis of SW prevalence from clinical samples. Methods: Using an approved human subjects protocol, samples (n = 60) from an existing saliva and site-specific biorepository were identified and screened for SW presence using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). These data were summarized and subsequently analyzed for correlations with demographic (age, sex, race or ethnicity) or clinical (body mass index or BMI, primary/mixed/permanent dentition, orthodontic brackets) variables. Results: These data revealed that average DNA concentrations from all sample sites (saliva, dorsum of tongue, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), biofilm of upper buccal molar, and biofilm of lower lingual incisor) ranged between 13.74 and 14.69 μg/μL, with an overall average of 14.30 μg/μL ± 1.12 (standard error or SE). qPCR screening revealed a total of n = 34/60 or 56.7% of patient samples harboring SW. A total of n = 71/170 specific oral sites harbored this organism, with the majority of the SW-positive participant samples harboring SW at more than one oral site, n = 22/34 or 64.7%, including non-traditional sites such as GCF and the dorsum of the tongue. Weak correlations were found between specific SW outcomes in GCF and type of dentition (permanent; R = 0.2444), as well as SW outcomes in saliva with age (R = 0.228) and presence of orthodontic brackets (R = 0.2118). Conclusions: This study may be among the first to provide oral site-specific analysis to reveal the prevalence and location of Scardovia among clinical patient samples. Moreover, these data also provide some of the first evidence to suggest this organism may be present not only in traditional supragingival tooth-associated biofilm sites, but also in non-traditional oral sites including the dorsum of the tongue and the gingival crevice. Based upon these results, these data may represent a significant advance in our understanding of the potential sites and locations that harbor this organism and may help contribute to our understanding of the prevalence, distribution and potential for the development of oral disease among clinic patients.
Arbitrator Ethics and the Second Look - Functus Officio in the National Labor Policy

The term functus officio means a task or office performed. Once something has become functus officio it has no further legal authority. The major organizations of labor arbitrators have included the functus of ficio doctrine in their Code of Professional Responsibility for Arbitrators of Labor-Management Disputes (the "Code"). The Code prohibits a labor arbitrator from clarifying or modifying his or her award once it has been issued, unless both parties consent. The author argues that the functus officio doctrine should be removed from the Code because it conflicts with national labor policy. After tracing the roots of the doctrine in the com mon law, the author argues that the courts in this country have not applied it to labor arbitration under collective bargaining agreements. The author asserts that the courts have recognized the important role arbitration plays in collective bargaining agreements, and that the national labor policy re quires a complete resolution of a dispute by arbitration. Thus, the author contends, the courts have refused to invoke the functus officio doctrine to labor arbitration and have concluded that ambiguous awards should be returned to the arbitration process for clarification. Moreover, the author states that arbitrators have disregarded the doctrine in order to modify an award in a quicker, less costly manner. The author concludes that the functus officio doctrine should be eradicated from the Code.
Friday, August 13, 2010—outskirts of Lafayette, IN

On Friday evening, Delta heard the Jamaican reggae ring tone from across the living room of her apartment. The melody reminded her of spring break; even if those days were now a distant memory. As an assistant professor, she currently used her spring breaks in pursuit of tenure.
Complement C4 maintains peripheral B‐cell tolerance in a myeloid cell dependent manner

The factors that allow self-reactive B cells to escape negative selection and become activated remain poorly defined. Using a BCR knock-in mouse strain, we identify a pathway by which B-cell selection to nucleolar self-antigens is complement dependent. Deficiency in complement component C4 led to a breakdown in the elimination of autoreactive B-cell clones at the transitional stage, characterized by a relative increase in their response to a range of stimuli, entrance into follicles, and a greater propensity to form self-reactive GCs. Using mixed BM chimeras, we found that the myeloid compartment was sufficient to restore negative selection in the autoreactive mice. A model is proposed in which in the absence of complement C4, inappropriate clearance of apoptotic debris promotes chronic activation of myeloid cells, allowing the maturation and activation of self-reactive B-cell clones leading to increased spontaneous formation of GCs.
Gel permeation chromatography : Diffusional phenomena in dilute polymer solutions flowing in capillaries☆

Abstract This work is concerned with the dispersion of high-molecular-weight solutes in dilute solutions flowing through empty capillary tubing, such as that which is found between chromatographic columns and detectors, etc., in gel permeation or liquid chromatographs. Residence time distributions of solvent as well as solutes were measured simultaneously. This was done for both pulse and step solution inputs using a two-cell detection system. The solutes, o-nitrotoluene and narrow-distribution polystyrene (gel permeation chromatographic standards), were monitored with an ultraviolet detector while hexane (hexane-chloroform (20:80) was used to dissolve the polymer solutes) was monitored with a refractometer in a chloroform mobile phase. Polystyrene concentrations were 0.20 percent and 0.15 percent. Three tubing lengths and two flow rates were studied. The results indicate that polymer molecules have residence time distributions which are different from those of small molecules. This lends support to our belief that molecular entanglements occur among the polymer molecules which causes radial concentration non-uniformities and virtual two-phase flow.
Keynote Autonomic Computing Initiative

Autonomic computing systems have the ability to manage themselves and dynamically adapt to change in accordance with business policies and objectives. Self-managing environments can perform such activities based on situations they observe or sense in the IT environment, rather than requiring IT professionals to initiate the tasks. Autonomic computing is important today because the cost of technology continues to decrease yet overall IT costs do not. With the expense challenges that many companies face, IT managers are looking for ways to improve the return on investment of IT by reducing total cost of ownership, improving quality of service, accelerating time to value and managing IT complexity. The presentation will outline where IBM comes from with its autonomic computing initiative and what has been achieved to date.
Technology Corner Automated Data Extraction Using Facebook

Because of Facebookâ€™s popularity, law enforcement agents often use it as a key source of evidence. But like many user digital trails, there can be a large amount of data to extract for analysis. In this paper, we explore the basics of extracting data programmatically from a userâ€™s Facebook via a Web app. A data extraction app requests data using the Facebook Graph API, and Facebook returns a JSON object containing the data. Before an app can access a userâ€™s Facebook data, the user must log into Facebook and give permission. Thus, this approach is limited to situations where users give consent to the data extraction.
Supporting the free exercise of religion in the group home context.

Des methodes ont ete decrites dans lesquelles les employes des foyers de groupe peuvent soutenir les individus demeurant dans le foyer dans leur expression de la foi, tant a l'interieur qu'a l'exterieur de l'environnement du foyer de groupe, tout en protegeant la liberte des autres individus dans le foyer qui choisissent de ne pas s'impliquer dans les activites religieuses. Apres avoir revu brievement quelques hypotheses soulignant la definition du retard mental de l'A.A.M.R. (1992), et decrit la capacite d'expression religieuse des individus avec une deficience cognitive, nous presentons plusieurs lignes de conduite pour aider les employes des foyers de groupe.
Isolated defect of folic acid absorption associated with mental retardation and cerebral calcification.

A 19 year old female is described with a clinical syndrome characterized by specific malabsorption of folate from the gut with resultant megaloblastic anemia associated with mental retardation and cerebral calcification. The absorption of fat, xylose, glucose, vitamin A and vitamin B12 and the jejunal biopsy histology were all normal. The patient was unable to absorb folate in its naturally occurring form as pteroylpolyglutamic acid as well as pteroylmono-, pteroyldi-, pteroyltriglutamic acid, N5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid and N5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid. Folate absorption was not enhanced when pteroylmonoglutamic acid was premixed with normal human duodenal juice, lyophilized calf jejunum or lyophilized calf pancreas. Impairment of normal transport of folic acid from the blood into the cerebrospinal fluid was also demonstrated in this patient. Plasma folate clearance was normal and there was no increase in folate antagonists or in folate binding present in the patient’s plasma.
Simulation of the Direct Methanol Fuel Cell II. Modeling and Data Analysis of Transport and Kinetic Phenomena

A mathematical model that describes the transport of species in a multicomponent membrane is presented. The transport is described by concentrated-solution theory, and the electrochemical potential driving forces are described by a thermodynamic framework set forth in the first paper in this series. A kinetic model is developed to describe methanol oxidation kinetics on Pt-Ru catalysts. Physical properties are estimated by correlation of data in the literature and by simulation of methanol electrolysis experiments. This model provides the framework for direct methanol fuel cell simulation and design in the third paper in this series. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.