cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF EGG AND EGG REPLACERS ON YELLOW CAKE PRODUCT QUALITY

Five yellow cake formulations, prepared with liquid whole egg, dry whole egg and three commercial egg replacers (soy/wheat, whey protein and fiber/gum-based), were evaluated to determine differences in end-product qualities influenced by the differences in ingredient compositions. The products were prepared following the same procedure and other ingredient compositions, except for the egg or egg replacer used in the formulation. The physical product characteristics and sensory properties of the end products were evaluated. It was found that egg, as an ingredient in the yellow cake formulation, is critical to obtain expected product quality characteristics. Partial replacement of egg with commercial egg replacers changed product characteristics, altering moisture retention, bulk density, color, texture and flavor. Some of these changes, however, were not readily detected in sensory analysis. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS This study comprehensively evaluated the functionalities of egg and egg replacers in ingredient formulations of yellow cake. The tests were conducted on samples prepared according to ingredient manufacturers' recommendations, to objectively evaluate the differences, if any. The functionalities of each ingredient (egg replacer) in yellow cake formulations were interpreted based on the results obtained. The results of this study would be useful in selecting appropriate ingredients for cake formulations to obtain desired product qualities. The manuscript also highlights the advantages and drawbacks of using egg replacers in yellow cake formulations.
A CCD programmable image processor and its neural network applications

A charge coupled device (CCD)-based image processor that performs 2D filtering of a gray-level image with 20 programmable 8-b 7*7 spatial filters is described. The processor consists of an analog input buffer, 49 multipliers, and 49 8-b 20-stage local memories in a 29-mm/sup 2/ chip area. Better than 99.999% charge transfer efficiency and greater than 42-dB dynamic range have been achieved by the processor, which performs one billion arithmetic operations per second and dissipates less than 1 W when clocked at 10 MHz. The device is also suited for neural networks with local connections and replicated weights. Implementation of a specific neural network, the neocognitron, based on this CCD processor has been simulated. The effect of weight quantization imposed by use of this CCD device on the performance of the neocognitron is presented. >
Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on blood pressure, plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone in essential hypertension.

An angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor was administered to 15 patients with essential hypertension after periods of sodium depletion and repletion, and the responses of blood pressure, plasma renin activity, and plasma aldosterone were recorded in the supine and erect position. After Na depletion the converting enzyme inhibitor induced significant fall of blood pressure in the supine position in all patients; in the erect position, 5 patients became hypotensive whereas the remaining exhibited increases in blood pressure to variable degree. After Na repletion, the converting enzyme inhibitor induced a lesser fall in blood pressure in 3 patients in the supine position, whereas in the erect position all patients exhibited increases in blood pressure. Plasma renin activity rose after injection of the inhibitor in all patients in both phases and was further stimulated by the upright posture. Plasma aldosterone declined after injection in both phases in the supine position. However, in the erect position al...
Reconstituting the Inner Circle

This world is white no longer, and it will never be white again.—James Baldwin (1963, p. 158)
2‐Chloro‐2‐Methylcyclohexanone and 2‐Methyl‐2‐Cyclohexenone

2-Chloro-2-methylcyclohexanone and 2-methyl-2-cyclohexenone product: 2-methyl-2-cyclohexenone product: 2-chloro-2-methylcyclohexanone byproduct: 2-methylenecyclohexanone Keywords: elimination, dehydrohalogenation; halogenation, chlorination; 2-methylcyclohexanone, preparation of; gas traps, absorption
A Review of: Information Politics on the Web, by Richard Rogers. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004. 200 pp. $35.00 (cloth). ISBN 0-262-18242-4.

This ambitious book examines the logic of the web and provides important insights about how to use web search and mapping technologies to gain better understandings of social trends, values, and is...
Consejos: The Power of Cultural Narratives

Consejos, cultural narratives, conveys the Estrada family's feelings, perceptions, actions, and responses to the educational system. The Estrada family's story of is one of persistence and love when dealing with schools. Their practice of consejos represents an eight-year span of time in which conversations with the Estradas illustrated the family's force in the power relations that exist between families and schools in Carpinteria. The concept of consejos spotlights how, in spite of the perceived powerlessness on the part of Mexican immigrant families against the schools, this cultural practice identifies the family's force and unity in support of one another while challenging the schools' notions of learning. The Estradas are empowered through their consejos, their collective work with other families, and school personnel advocates. MEXICAN IMMIGRANT FAMILY, CULTURAL NARRATIVES, FAMILY-SCHOOL RELATIONSHIPS The Estrada family was one of the original 20 families in the Carpinteria literacy study that I initiated in 1985. Their story of unity and learning to do schooling is telling, not because it is unique, but because it is quite representative of the way most immigrant parents in Carpinteria have demonstrated their commitment to supporting their children's education. Typically, "parent involvement" as a topic in academic research limits the meaning of participation by ignoring the broader meaning of "involvement" that transcends attendance at special events and improving grade-level achievement. Parent involvement spans the life of the student over the years. In this article, three stages of the Estrada family's story chronicles the ongoing account of the parental effort to support their children through consejos and their children's response to them. The concept of consejos here means nurturing advice.' Family conversations transmit people's voices and open a window into the family's perceived sense of power in their daily life when dealing with the educational system. The Estrada family conversations presented here show the parental use of consejos as critical tools to instruct their children in schooling matters. The Estradas impart consejos to their children to encourage them to be self-sufficient individuals. The act suggests an inherent intellectual force within the family that counters the school's hegemony. Involvement in parent groups and changes in the schools shape the Estradas' consejos. This suggests an
More Than a Feeling Integrating Empathy Into the Study of Lawmaking, Lawbreaking, and Reactions to Lawbreaking

Empathy is related, directly or indirectly, to important elements in criminology such as the enactment of harsh penalties for repeat offenders, antisocial behavior, feelings of legitimacy toward the law, and attitudes toward the death penalty. Although empathy is beginning to find its way into criminological discourse, it is still not well understood nor often incorporated into quantitative research. This is likely due to issues regarding the conceptualization and measurement of empathy as well as the lack of measures of empathy incorporated into contemporary data sets. This study discusses the importance of empathy for criminology and uses a set of research examples to exemplify the relationships between empathy and outcomes important to criminology. Empathy emerges as an important predictor of criminal behavior, support for harsh laws, and perceptions of police effectiveness. Future research should incorporate measures of empathy when seeking to understand individual feelings and behaviors as they relate to important facets of criminology and criminal justice.
Potential Antiatherogenic Mechanisms of Ascorbate (Vitamin C) and α-Tocopherol (Vitamin E)

Abstract—The premise that oxidative stress, among several other factors, plays an important role in atherogenesis implies that the development and progression of atherosclerosis can be inhibited by...
The magnocellular visual system and schizophrenia: what can the color red tell us?

Previous research has suggested that genetic loading for schizophrenia is related to a dysfunctional magnocellular (M) subcortical visual pathway—responsible for processing movement and location. However, data substantiating this mechanism remains inconclusive. The present study used a novel technique to selectively suppress the M system in order to investigate the impact of genetic loading for schizophrenia on its functioning. A visual backward masking task was administered to 28 healthy first-degree relatives of persons with schizophrenia and 31 healthy controls. The task was administered on both a red and neutral background, as diffuse red light has been shown to selectively suppress the M system in basic vision research. On a location condition of backward masking, controls demonstrated reduced accuracy on the red compared to the neutral background. In contrast, relatives did not display differential performance between the two backgrounds. The differential effect on the two groups appears to be attributable to a difference in activity of the M pathway. Performance in the relatives was consistent with the notion of a hyperactive M pathway. D 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Deletion/Insertion Mutation That Causes Biotinidase Deficiency May Result from the Formation of a Quasipalindromic Structure

Biotinidase is responsible for recycling the vitamin biotin from biocytin that is formed after the proteolytic degradation of the biotin-dependent carboxylases. We have identified a deletion/insertion mutation within exon D of the human biotinidase gene in a child with biotinidase deficiency. The mutation causes a frame shift and premature termination which are predicted to result in a truncated protein. We propose that the mutation occurred during DNA replication by either of two mechanisms. Both mechanisms involve formation of a quasipalindromic hairpin loop in the template and dissociation of DNA polymerase α. This mutation supports the formation of palindromic structures as a possible cause of deletions in eukaryotes, and supports the proposal, derived from in vitro studies, that polymerase α may preferentially arrest or dissociate at specific template sequences.
Preparation and characterization of alkoxysilane functionalized isocyanurates

Alkoxysilane functionalized isocyanurates were prepared from hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) isocyanurate and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The reactants and functionalized isocyanurate were characterized by 1H, 13C and 29Si NMR, IR and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Two-dimensional NMR was necessary to accurately assign the proton and carbon spectra for both the reactants and functionalized products. The composition of the HDI isocyanurate was a mixture of oligomers ranging from two to three HDI monomers. The functionalization reaction was performed neat, and as a function of dilution. As expected, substitution on the isocyanurate becomes more uniform with increasing solvent content.
Overexpression of Mn Superoxide Dismutase Does Not Increase Life Span in Mice

Genetic manipulations of Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), SOD2 expression have demonstrated that altering the level of MnSOD activity is critical for cellular function and life span in invertebrates. In mammals, Sod2 homozygous knockout mice die shortly after birth, and alterations of MnSOD levels are correlated with changes in oxidative damage and in the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. In this study, we directly tested the effects of overexpressing MnSOD in young (4–6 months) and old (26–28 months) mice on mitochondrial function, levels of oxidative damage or stress, life span, and end-of-life pathology. Our data show that an approximately twofold overexpression of MnSOD throughout life in mice resulted in decreased lipid peroxidation, increased resistance against paraquat-induced oxidative stress, and decreased age-related decline in mitochondrial ATP production. However, this change in MnSOD expression did not alter either life span or age-related pathology.
Failure of irradiated beef and ham to induce genetic aberrations in Drosophila.

(1979). Failure of Irradiated Beef and Ham to Induce Genetic Aberrations in Drosophila. International Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine: Vol. 35, No. 6, pp. 583-588.
Towards energy-aware DASH for mobile video

Advances in computing hardware and novel multimedia applications have urged the development of handheld mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. Videos are accounting as the highest data traffic on handheld devices. With this significant increase of mobile video, one of the challenges is how to efficiently transmit the bulky video contents to resource-constrained mobile devices. Despite the attractive features of the widely-used approaches on the bitrate adaptation such as DASH standard, video playback impose significant demands on the limited battery capacity of mobile devices. Thus the development of efficient approaches to save battery lifetime has become a key research topic. We are running a study towards design of an adaptive framework for energy-efficient streaming of video segments to mobile devices over wireless networks, that can further be integrated into DASH.
Psychometric Properties of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in African American Single Mothers

The Rosenberg Self-Esteem (RSE) Scale is a commonly used measure of global self-esteem, an important element of mental health. The purpose of this cross sectional secondary analysis was to examine ...
Participate Iodoprotein in Abnormal Thyroid Glands

The distribution of stable iodine has been measured in 14 abnormal human thyroid glands, and the distribution of radioiodine has been measured in 6 of these. More than 10% of the stable iodine of 12 specimens from 8 patients was associated with the “nuclear” centrifugal fraction, and this fraction accounted for nearly half the stable iodine and radioiodine of a diffusely hyperplastic congenital goiter with a high total iodine content. When measured, the specific activity of the radioiodine in these glands was usually less in the particulate centrifugal fractions than in the soluble fraction. The iodine of the “nuclear” fraction could be solubilized partially by urea and thioglycolate, and by 15-min exposure to trypsin. The solubilized iodoprotein moved near thyroglobulin by starch gel electrophoresis, differed from thyroglobulin in salting-out characteristics, and contained MIT and DIT but no detectable iodothyronine.
Dephosphorylation of juxtamembrane serines and threonines of the NPR2 guanylyl cyclase regulates oocyte meiotic resumption

Background The meiotic cell cycle of mammalian oocytes starts during embryogenesis and then pauses until luteinizing hormone (LH) restarts the cycle. This meiotic arrest is maintained by cGMP, which is produced in the granulosa cells by C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) activation of NPR2 [1]. LH decreases cGMP in the granulosa cells, and via equilibration through gap junctions, cyclic GMP also decreases in the oocyte, thus releasing the meiotic arrest [2]. LH causes dephosphorylation and inactivation of NPR2 [3,4], but whether NPR2 dephosphorylation is required for meiotic resumption is not known. Seven regulatory NPR2 phosphorylation sites have been identified (Fig. 1) [5,6]. Here, we generated a knock-in mouse where each site was mutated to glutamate (Npr2-7E), resulting in a “constitutively phosphorylated” enzyme that we used to investigate the role of NPR2 dephosphorylation in the rapid resumption of meiosis in response to LH.
Energetics of an Intensifying Jet Streak during the Experiment on Rapidly Intensifying Cyclones over the Atlantic (ERICA)

Abstract A characteristic life cycle of upper-tropospheric cyclogenetic precursors involves the development of an elongated region of lower dynamic tropopause that forms in association with an intensifying midtropospheric jet/front. Transverse divergent circulations associated with the jet/front steepen and depress the dynamic tropopause prior to the onset of lower-tropospheric cyclogenesis. A representative event that occurred during the second intensive observation period (IOP 2) of the Experiment on Rapidly Intensifying Cyclones over the Atlantic (ERICA, December 1988–February 1989) is analyzed from the perspective of local energetics. The goals of the analysis are (i) to document the evolution of the three-dimensional eddy kinetic energy (EKE) distribution during this event and (ii) to identify the mechanisms leading to EKE growth in the upper-tropospheric jet streak associated with the precursor disturbance prior to cyclogenesis, as well as in the developing lower-tropospheric cyclone. Computation of...
Phase Relations in the Systems TiO2-IrO2 and SnO2-IrO2 in Air.

The pseudobinary systems TiO2-IrO2 and SnO2-IrO2 were studied by x-ray diffraction after treatment at various temperatures in air. Their equilibrium phase diagrams were similar, with no intermediate phases detected in either system. Maximum solid solution of TiO2 occurs with the addition of about 5 mole percent IrO2 at 1040 °C. Solid solution of TiO2 in IrO2 extends to a maximum of about 12 mole percent TiO2 at 1040 °C, the dissociation temperature. Limited solid solubility of SnO2 in IrO2 exists up to 3 mole percent SnO2 at the dissociation temperature, 1025 °C. Solid solution in SnO2 was not detected at temperatures up to 1400 °C.
Seasonal growth stimulation of sub-temperate estuarine phytoplankton to nitrogen and phosphorus: An outdoor microcosm experiment

A study of nutrient limitation of phytoplankton biomass production with emphasis on nitrate-nitrogen (NO3 −) and ortho-phosphate-phosphorus (PO4 3−) was conducted in Perdido Bay, Alabama-Florida. The experimental design employed 18-1 outdoor microcosms operated in a static renewal mode. Phytoplankton growth responses (i.e., growth stimulation) measured as chlorophyll a (chl a) fell into three principal categories: primary P stimulation occurred mostly during the cooler months at the upper bay (tidal brackish) and mid bay (lower mesohaline) stations; a total of 12 out of 36 experiments; primary N stimulation occurred mostly during the warmer months primarily at the mid-bay station and infrequently at the upper and lower bay stations (upper mesohaline); a total of 7 out of 36 experiments; and N+P costimulation occurred primarily during the warmer months in the upper bay and mid bay and during both warmer and cooler months of the lower bay; a total of 17 out of 36 experiments. Primary P stimulation was generally associated with high ratios of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) to dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) (ratio range: 18 to 288). Conversely, primary N stimulation was associated with decreasing DIN:DIP ratios (range 8–46). Redfield ratios of particulate organic N (PON) to particulate organic P (POP) often indicated N limitation (i.e., values often less than 10). PON:chl a ratios often indicated N sufficiency, but three occasions were noted where PON:POP and PON:chl a ratios were not congruent. It is difficult to reconcile the inorganic and organic N and P ratios with the relatively low DIP and DIN concentrations. The phytoplankton assemblage appeared not to be strongly nutrient-limited but, given a nutrient increase, responded differentially to N and P, both seasonally and along the longitudinal salinity gradient. Grazing pressure in concert with nutrient limitation was advanced as an hypothesis to explain N+P co-limitation.
Aspergillus Infections in Transplant and Non-Transplant Surgical Patients

Background: Aspergillus infections are associated commonly with immunocompromised states, such as transplantation and hematologic malignant disease. Although Aspergillus infections among patients having surgery occur primarily in transplant recipients, they are found in non-recipients of transplants, and have a mortality rate similar to that seen among transplant recipients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospective data base collected from 1996 to 2010, in which we identified patients with Aspergillus infections. We compared demographic data, co-morbidities, and outcomes in non-transplant patients with those in abdominal transplant recipients. Continuous data were evaluated with the Student t-test, and categorical data were evaluated through χ2 analysis. Results: Twenty-three patients (11 transplant patients and 12 non-transplant patients) were identified as having had Aspergillus infections. The two groups were similar with regard to their demographics and co-morbidities, with the ...
Mating Studies on the Pink Bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), Based on Presence of Spermatophores

Each spermatophore in the bursa copulatrix of a mated female pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossyipella (Saunders), was found to represent a separate mating; however, no successful transfer of spermatophores was accomplished in matings lasting less than 30 min, or in a small percentage of those lasting longer. Many moths that emerged during the night mated that same night. Males mated successfully only once during their first 24 hr as adults, but multiple mating occurred among females of the same age. When males or females were caged throughout their life span with abundant moths of the opposite sex, 95% and 97.6%, respectively, mated. Potential mating frequency averaged 4.2 times (range 0–10) for males and 2.3 times (range 0–8) for females in these laboratory-reared insects.
Non–Water–Stressed Baseline as a Tool for Dynamic Control of a Misting System for Propagation of Poinsettias

A technique is presented for dynamically adjusting misting intervals during propagation of vegetative cuttings. A crop setpoint temperature for activation of misting was defined by a non-water-stressed baseline concept, using infrared thermometry to acquire canopy temperature for plant feedback. The critical crop setpoint temperature was calculated from instantaneous values of air temperature, incident radiation, and air vapor pressure deficit (VPD air ). Misting was activated when the actual crop temperature exceeded the critical crop setpoint temperature. The dynamic control was shown to have the potential to reduce the amount of applied water from 9 to 12 times during low levels of VPD air (0.8 to 1.1 kPa) and under dark conditions when compared to a conventional on/off misting interval of 5 S each 5 min. In addition, misting intervals were reduced three-fold, from 30 to 11 min, when incident radiation increased from 0 to 100 W m -2 and VPD air was maintained in the range from 2.3 to 2.6 kPa. Further increases in radiation levels from 200 to 300 W m -2 did not appreciably change the misting frequency. The dynamic misting control provides a large potential for increasing the period between misting events under dark conditions and with low to moderate levels of incident radiation. It automatically increases misting frequency as VPD air and/or radiation increase.
Trait or state

In their Report “Nucleus accumbens D2/3 receptors predict trait impulsivity and cocaine reinforcement” (2 March, p. [1267][1]), J. W. Dalley et al. show that outbred rats displaying high behavioral impulsivity responded more for intravenously administered cocaine than less impulsive rats. What
Methods of Wind Power Plant Design Optimization

The outstanding problems existed in current domestic wind power plants design was analyzed,by introducing the main points of wind power plant design.The optimization of the main topics and optimization method in wind power plant design was proposed,combined with the parts of the wind power plants design had been carried out and the optimal design of the project.
Parallel-kinematics XYZ MEMS part 1: Kinematics and design for fabrication

Abstract Micro- and nanopositioning systems are widely used in the field of nanotechnology for probing, imaging, and increasingly for processing. This two-part set of papers presents a MEMS-scale parallel-kinematics mechanism, designed to achieve pure spatial (X, Y and Z) translation. With three independent kinematic chains connecting the end-effector to the base, a fully functional mechanism with axis actuation and displacement sensing is realized in a double device layer (“oreo”) SOI wafer using only conventional, microfabrication processes. This paper, the first in a two paper set, presents the mechanism, specially designed for scalable microfabrication. It analyzes its kinematics and dynamics, and characterizes its workspace. Part II of this set of papers describes the detailed design, fabrication, characterization and control of the devices.
Abstract A26: Importance of long noncoding RNAs in human papillomavirus-related cancers

The objective of this study is to identify the importance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the induction of carcinogenesis by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 oncoprotein E6 in HPV-related cancers. Dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) occurs in most human cancers, however, there are only a few studies showing dysregulation of specific lncRNAs in human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers. High-risk HPV infection (e.g. HPV-16 and HPV-18) is one the most common causes of cervical cancer, as well as a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). It is well known that one of the main factors contributing to HPV-related carcinogenesis is the expression of high-risk HPV E6 viral oncoprotein and its interaction with several human proteins, such as the tumor suppressor p53 and the anti-apoptotic protein Bak. It is hypothesized that HPV-16 E6 changes the expression of host lncRNAs to regulate downstream processes important in the induction of carcinogenesis. To test this hypothesis, we stably express high-risk HPV-16 E6 in primary human keratinocytes and conducted high-throughput RNA sequencing analysis to identify HPV-16 E6-mediated changes in lncRNAs expression. Our preliminary data shows over 500 lncRNAs up- or down- regulated by greater than 2-fold with the expression of HPV-16 E6 compared to control. We validated the expression changes of many individual lncRNAs after the expression of HPV-16E6, via q-RT-PCR and Northern blots. In addition we observe similar expression patterns when comparing normal cells to HPV+ cervical cancer cell lines. Currently, we are characterizing specific lncRNAs of interest that are altered with expression of HPV-16 E6 by using 59 and 39 rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) experiments as well as determining certain lncRNA9s mechanism of action contributing to cancer by conducting knockdown and rescue experiments followed by behavior assays (e.g. invasion, angiogenesis, and proliferation). To aid in the determination of the function of the lncRNAs, we plan to use Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) assays to identify their localization. We believe this project will be significant in that it will identify and show the importance of lncRNAs in HPV-related cancers as well as give us new information about a novel mechanism by which high-risk HPV infection contributes to cervical and HNSCC carcinogenesis. Citation Format: Jamie A. Barr, Karen E. Hayes, Ivan Martinez. Importance of long noncoding RNAs in human papillomavirus-related cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer: Mechanisms to Medicines ; 2015 Dec 4-7; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A26.
Measuring the Elastic Modulus of Thin Polymer Sheets by Elastocapillary Bending.

We describe bending by liquid/liquid or liquid/air interfaces as a simple and broadly applicable technique for measuring the elastic modulus of thin elastic sheets. The balance between bending and surface energies allows for the characterization of a wide range of materials with moduli ranging from kilopascals to gigapascals in both vapor and liquid environments, as demonstrated here by measurements of both soft hydrogel layers and stiff glassy polymer films. Compared to existing approaches, this method is especially useful for characterizing soft materials (<megapascals in modulus), thin sheets with sub-millimeter in-plane dimensions, and samples immersed in a variety of liquid media. The measurement is independent of the three-phase (liquid/solid/medium) contact angle for appropriately chosen wetting conditions, therefore requiring only knowledge of the liquid/medium surface tension and the sheet thickness to characterize sheets with specified shapes. Using the method, we characterize photo-cross-linkab...
Draft Genome Sequence for a Clinical Isolate of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis

ABSTRACT We report here the draft genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis strain, isolated from a patient at the University of Colorado Hospital. The genome assembly is 3,040,186 bp in length with 37.6% GC content. This isolate encodes eleven resistance genes, including those for glycopeptide, aminoglycoside, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin, and tetracycline resistance.
Moving from a Product-Based Economy to a Service-Based Economy for a More Sustainable Future

Traditionally, economic growth and prosperity have been linked with the availability, production, and distribution of tangible goods as well as the ability of consumers to acquire such goods. Early evidence regarding this connection dates back to Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations (1776), in which any activity not resulting in the production of a tangible good is characterized as “unproductive of any value.” Since then, this coupling of economic value and material production has been prevalent in both developed and developing economies throughout the world.
The Platonist Christianity of Marius Victorinus

Marius Victorinus is the first representative of Platonist Christianity in the Latin church whose works display knowledge of Plotinus and Porphyry. Scholarship prior to the work of Pierre Hadot in the mid-twentieth century tended to treat him as an isolated figure, ignored by later Latin Christians who knew better how to moderate their Platonist borrowings. Scholars since then have been more willing to see Victorinus as earnest Christian who let himself be guided by the community standards of the church as laid out in the biblical canon and creedal definitions. Recent work on Victorinus’ sources has shown him to be more eclectic in his use of philosophical sources than previously thought and for that reason more creative in formulating his Platonist–Christian synthesis. After reviewing important lines of development in scholarship on Victorinus, this article focuses on his Platonist-inspired teaching about the soul as expressed in the three genres of his Christian works: theological treatises, hymns, and scriptural commentaries. The consistent “insider” stance of Victorinus in all of these different genres of theological writings suggests that the extremely Platonist character of his theology, when considered in light of other early Christian thinkers, is a difference of degree and not kind.
Traditional Approaches to Molecular Genetic Analysis

Molecular studies of endometrial cancer have evolved with the tools available to researchers: the methods for measuring nucleic acids, protein expression, and combinations thereof. Today “molecular genetic analysis” implies a broad range of indirect and direct tests that yield molecular phenotypes or genotypes, immunotypes, or signatures that were not conceived of when the histologic and biologic heterogeneity was first fully acknowledged.
An automated reasoning technique for providing moment-by-moment advice concerning the operation of a process

A system for continuously providing advice about the operation of some other device or process, rather than just problem diagnoses, must not only function in real time, but also cope with dynamic problem courses. The reasoning technique underlying such a system must not assume that faults have single causes, that queries to the user will be answered and advice to the user will be followed, nor that aspects of a problem, once resolved, will not reoccur. This paper presents a reasoning technique that can be used in conjunction with an inference engine to model the state of a problem situation throughout the entire problem-handling process, from discovery to final resolution. The technique has been implemented and installed on-line in a factory control room, as part of a real time expert system for advising the operators of a manufacturing process.
Revisiting the electrochemical oxidation of ammonia on carbon-supported metal nanoparticle catalysts

Abstract The ammonia electro-oxidation reaction (AOR) has been studied due to its promising applications in ammonia electrolysis, wastewater remediation, direct ammonia fuel cells, and sensors. However, it is difficult to compare and analyze the reported electrocatalytic activity of AOR reliably, likely due to the variation in catalyst synthesis, electrode composition, electrode morphology, and testing protocol. In this paper, the electro-oxidation of ammonia on different carbon-supported precious metal nanoparticle catalysts was revisited. The effect of experimental conditions, electrochemical test parameters, electrocatalytic activity, thermodynamics, and possible deactivation mechanism of the catalysts were investigated. Pt/C catalyst possesses the highest electrocatalytic activity, while Ir/C and Rh/C show lower overpotential. The onset potential of the AOR is related to the hydrogen binding energy of the catalyst. N ads is one major cause of deactivation accompanied with the formation of surface O/OH ads at high potentials. The coulombic efficiency of N ads formation on Pt is about 1% initially and gradually decreases with reaction time. Increase in ammonia concentration leads to increase in current density, while increase in hydroxyl ions concentration can enhance the current density and reduce the overpotential simultaneously. The slopes of AOR onset potential and hydrogen adsorption/desorption potential of Pt/C as a function of pH follow Nernst equation. In contrast, potentials measured at different current densities exhibit non-Nernstian behavior, suggesting a critical role of the local pH change.
UMI-Reducer: Collapsing duplicate sequencing reads via Unique Molecular Identifiers

Every sequencing library contains duplicate reads. While many duplicates arise during polymerase chain reaction (PCR), some duplicates derive from multiple identical fragments of mRNA present in the original lysate (termed "biological duplicates"). Unique Molecular Identifiers (UMIs) are random oligonucleotide sequences that allow differentiation between technical and biological duplicates. Here we report the development of UMI-Reducer, a new computational tool for processing and differentiating PCR duplicates from biological duplicates. UMI-Reducer uses UMIs and the mapping position of the read to identify and collapse reads that are technical duplicates. Remaining true biological reads are further used for bias-free estimate of mRNA abundance in the original lysate. This strategy is of particular use for libraries made from low amounts of starting material, which typically require additional cycles of PCR and therefore are most prone to PCR duplicate bias.
Periarticular injection and continuous femoral nerve block versus continuous femoral nerve block alone on postoperative opioid consumption and pain control following total knee arthroplasty: Randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Continuous femoral nerve block (CFNB) has been used to prevent the breakthrough pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Multimodal drug injection (PMDI) has also been shown to decrease opioid consumption and pain. We investigated whether the use of PMDI further improves analgesic and rehabilitation outcomes when used in conjunction with CFNB. This is a prospective randomized controlled study of 44 patients undergoing primary TKA. The treatment group (n = 23) received a PMDI of combined ropivacaine, epinephrine, ketorolac and morphine, and the controlled group (n = 21) received saline at wound closure. Total opioid consumption, pain scores, knee range of motion (ROM) outcomes, length of stay, and patient satisfaction were measured and compared. The total consumption of morphine is similar between the two groups (52.6 ± 40.6 vs. 41.5 ± 32.9, p = 0.325). The mean morphine consumption of the treatment group was significantly lower than the control at 4 h after surgery (4.2 ± 5.5 vs. 11.3 ± 8.1, p = 0.002) but comparable on POD1, POD2, and POD3. The mean pain scores were significantly higher in the treatment group than the control group at POD2 (at rest: 47.3 ± 29.1 vs. 23.8 ± 20.6, p = 0.004; after PT: 57.7 ± 25.4 vs. 35.2 ± 26.8, p = 0.007) and POD3 (at rest: 30.9 ± 30.3 vs. 14.8 ± 20.9, p = 0.045; after PT: 50.2 ± 30.6 vs. 29.0 ± 32.1, p = 0.035), and not significantly different at 4 h after surgery or at POD1. Mean maximal knee flexion ROM in degrees during active and active assisted mobilization showed no significant difference between the control and the treatment groups on POD2 and POD3. The mean length of stay of the treatment group is significantly longer than the control group (5.1 ± 2.1 vs. 3.8 ± 1.6, p = 0.032). At discharge, no significant difference exists between the two groups for mean patient satisfaction. The addition of PMDI led to a decrease in opioid consumption in the immediate postoperative period but with no significant difference in the total consumption within the first three days postoperatively. This finding provides an opportunity for appropriate preoperative treatment and education for both patients and caregivers.
Design Patterns in XML Music Representation

Design patterns attempt to formalize the discussion of recurring problems and their solutions. This paper introduces several XML design patterns and demonstrates their usefulness in the development of XML music representations. The patterns have been grouped into several categories of desirable outcome of the design process – modularity, separation of data and meta-data, reduction of learning requirements, assistance to tool development, and increase in legibility and understandability. The Music Encoding Initiative (MEI) DTD, from which the examples are drawn, the examples, and other materials related to MEI are available at http://www.people.virginia.edu/ ~pdr4h/.
Authenticity as (post-) modern ethics: An analysis of the New York Times’ Ethicist column

As (post-) modern institutions multiply and become more abstract and fractured in their ethical prescriptions, individuals must learn navigate ethical ambiguity on their own. One way that this appears to be accomplished is through the pursuit of ‘authenticity’ within and across specific contexts. Based on a sample of 600 letters published between 2002 and 2014, this article explores the New York Times’ Ethicist column as a site where individuals grapple with personal responsibility to engage in ethical behavior, often doing so in the name of authenticity. Instead of relying on external institutions, to dictate ethical choices, such ethical trade-offs become the bones of one’s identity. This can result in tension between within-context authenticity that is derived from specific roles and relationships and across-context authenticity that transcends people and places. This tension is a defining feature of ethical action in the (post-) modern era.
Frequent Drug Use and Negative Employment Outcomes among the Criminally Active.

ABSTRACTBackground: Employment is a central component of economic independence and is widely viewed as an essential element of social control. Whether frequent drug use reduces the likelihood of employment or obstructs hours worked, wages, and job commitment is therefore an important question about which there remains uncertainty. Methods: We improve on shortcomings of prior research through a monthly within-person analysis of a population at high-risk of both drug use and poor employment outcomes. We present multilevel models of the 18 months spent on the street preceding the arrest that led to incarceration in minimum/medium security facilities in Ohio from a random sample of 250 adult male inmates interviewed during the outset of a prison spell. Results: The analysis reveals consistently strong, negative effects of frequent drug use on employment, hours worked, and wages in the month following frequent drug use, including marijuana, cocaine, heroin, and prescription opioids. As well, frequent drug use ...
Road Encroachment Near Protected Areas Alters the Natural Soundscape Through Traffic Noise Pollution in Costa Rica

Las carreteras estan espacialmente dispuestas en los paisajes y son utilizadas por el transito, generando ruido que puede afectar las areas protegidas. El objetivo fue cuantificar los tramos de carretera, en contacto y en proximidad con areas, e investigar los efectos que los parques pueden tener en relacion con el transito y el ruido. Medimos tramos cercanos a las areas utilizando el sistema de informacion geografica y el Atlas de Costa Rica. El ruido y transito fueron cuantificados en tres areas adyacentes a carreteras. Generamos mapas de ruido para evaluar la influencia sobre los sonidos naturales, tales como los de arroyos (geofonia) y aves (biofonia). Grabamos la biofonia cerca y lejos de carretera en una de las areas. Encontramos que 70 areas protegidas son afectadas directa o indirectamente por las carreteras. El ruido fue mayor en carreteras con uso vehicular mas alto que con uno menor, pero niveles de ruido tambien fueron influenciados por tipo de vehiculo. El ruido penetro el bosque con mayores niveles en la estacion seca que en la humeda. Encontramos que la cantidad de biofonia en segundos fue menor cerca de la carretera y que el sonido del arroyo fue enmascarado por el ruido. Nuestros resultados sugieren que el ruido contribuye a la degradacion del habitat a traves de la disminucion y perdida de sonidos naturales, reduciendo la calidad de la proteccion de la biodiversidad. Se debe considerar una accion interdisciplinaria y una planificacion rigurosa para evitar la adyacencia de carreteras sobre las areas protegidas.
Acquired Immunity to Intestinal Nematodes and to Ticks

In 1947 Norman R. Stoll, in “This Wormy World,” estimated that, out of the then world population of 2000 million people, 1700 million were parasitized by nematodes. Although the world population has increased, this proportion has not changed. Especially prevalent and associated with poor sanitation are the intestinal nematodes Ascaris lumbricoides and the hookworms Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus. There are indications that the immune system serves to limit the worm burden, but little direct information is available regarding acquired immunity to these human parasites. A great deal has been learned, however, about acquired immunity to related nematode parasites of domestic animals and about another type of nematode parasite of humans, the ubiquitous Trichinella spiralis.
Abstract 1955: Suppression of hormone receptor-positive and triple-negative breast cancers by new inhibitors of the transcription factor FOXM1

The transcription factor FOXM1 is up-regulated and overexpressed in aggressive, therapy-resistant forms of hormone receptor-positive and triple negative breast cancers, and is associated with less good patient survival. FOXM1 pathway signaling is also a key driver in other aggressive cancers including those in prostate, lung, ovary, and gastrointestinal tract, and in glioblastoma. Therefore, our goal has been to identify FOXM1 inhibitors effective in suppressing breast cancer proliferation both in vitro and in vivo and displaying potency, selectivity and good pharmacokinetic properties for in vivo efficacy. We screened large chemical libraries of over 130,000 compounds from which several were identified and characterized as potential FOXM1 inhibitors. These were then chemically modified and optimized for potency and good pharmacokinetic properties. The best were shown to effectively suppress the proliferation of FOXM1 expressing breast cancer cells, decrease the expression of FOXM1 and FOXM1- regulated genes, and inhibit the chromatin binding of FOXM1 to FOXM1 binding sites in these genes. Inhibitors that had long half-lives (t1/2 greater than 24H) were selected for studies in experimental preclinical mouse models. One inhibitor had good oral efficacy in suppressing the growth of FOXM1-containing breast tumors in NOD-SCID-gamma (NSG) mice, and several others had good efficacy in tumor suppression by subcutaneous but not oral administration. Our findings identify and characterize several compounds that effectively antagonize FOXM1 actions and tumor growth that may be suitable for further clinical evaluation in targeting aggressive breast cancers driven by FOXM1. Citation Format: Mary J. Laws, Sung Hoon Kim, Yvonne Ziegler, Noah Bindman, Ping Gong, Valeria Sanabria Guillen, Mayuri Yasuda, Divya Singh, Dorraya El-Ashry, John A. Katzenellenbogen, Benita S. Katzenellenbogen. Suppression of hormone receptor-positive and triple-negative breast cancers by new inhibitors of the transcription factor FOXM1 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1955.
The Assurance Recipe: Facilitating Assurance Patterns

As assurance cases have grown in popularity for safety-critical systems, so too has their complexity and thus the need for methods to systematically build them. Assurance cases can grow too large and too abstract for anyone but the original builders to understand, making reuse difficult. Reuse is important because different systems might have identical or similar components, and a good solution for one system should be applicable to similar systems. Prior research has shown engineers can alleviate some of the complexity issues through modularity and identifying common patterns which are more easily understood for reuse across different systems. However, we believe these patterns are too complicated for users who lack expertise in software engineering or assurance cases. This paper suggests the concept of lower-level patterns which we call recipes. We use the safety-critical field of synthetic biology, as an example discipline to demonstrate how a recipe can be built and applied.
Effects of transcranial photobiomodulation with near-infrared light on sexual dysfunction.

Objectives Transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) consists of the delivery of near-infrared (NIR) or red light to the scalp designed to penetrate to subjacent cortical areas of the brain. NIR t-PBM has recently emerged as a potential therapy for brain disorders. This study assessed the efficacy of repeated sessions of NIR t-PBM on sexual dysfunction. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of a double-blind clinical trial on t-PBM for major depressive disorder (MDD). Twenty individuals received NIR t-PBM (n = 9) or sham therapy (n = 11) twice a week for 8 weeks. Sexual desire, arousal, and orgasm were assessed using the Systematic Assessment for Treatment-Emergent Effects-Specific Inquiry (SAFTEE-SI). Results The mean improvement in sexual function (decrease in SAFTEE sex total score) in subjects receiving t-PBM in NIR-mode was significantly greater than in subjects receiving sham-mode in the whole sample (NIR [n = 9] -2.55 ± 1.88 vs. sham [n = 11] -0.45 ± 1.21; z = 2.548, P = 0.011]) and in the completers (NIR [n = 5] -3.4 ± 1.95 vs. sham [n = 7] -0.14 ± 1.21; z = 2.576, P = 0.010]). Conclusion This exploratory study with a small sample size indicates that repeated sessions of NIR t-PBM may be associated with therapeutic effects on sexual dysfunction. The latter appeared unrelated to the antidepressant effect of t-PBM in our cohort. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:127-135, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.