cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Control of Specular and Diffuse Reflection of Light Using Particle Self-Assembly at the Polymer and Metal Interface**

We present a novel method of controlling the specular and diffuse reflection of light by the electrostatic deposition of a spherical particle monolayer followed by electroless plating. Charged polystyrene colloidal particles, ranging in size from 100 nm to 5 lm, were adsorbed from solution onto oppositely charged polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEM). The monodisperse particle monolayers were coated with nickel in a two-step electroless plating process using palladium catalysts. These surfaces can be used as diffusive metal reflectors with a uniformly controlled surface roughness due to the uniform size of deposited particles. In addition, the self-assembled particles at the polymer and metal interface deflected the internal stresses that build-up at the interface while the metal was being deposited. This allowed a thicker metal film to be deposited before delamination occurred. A UV-VIS spectrometer with movable fiber optic cables was employed to characterize the optical properties of the reflectors. The optical fibers permit versatile and precise measurements of specular and diffuse reflectance. By measuring the angular dependent reflectance, we demonstrate how to estimate the distribution of reflected light from the nickel coated surface and how to calculate the ratio of specular and diffuse reflection in the total reflected light. Optical measurements of our nickel samples showed that this approach could be used to control the portion of diffuse reflection from 8.25 to 59.97%. Additionally, a quartz crystal microbalance was employed to study the electroless nickel plating rate on PEM. Our proposed method is simple, costeffective and convenient for mass production because the process consists of a series of simple immersion steps without vacuum technology or special equipment.
The Effect of Planned Walking on Communication in Alzheimer's Disease

One of the effects of Alzheimer's disease is a diminution in the ability to communicate. A randomized, non-blinded two-group experimental study was undertaken to determine if planned walking has the capacity to improve the communication performance of patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. Thirty subjects meeting NINCDS-ADRDA diagnostic criteria for probable Alzheimer's disease, selected from two nursing homes, participated in the study. Intervention and comparison groups were each made up of subjects from both nursing homes. Subjects in one group were walked individually for 30 minutes three times a week for 10 weeks. Subjects in the comparison group were engaged in conversation for the same amount of time for 10 weeks. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed on the communication data. Analysis of the data at post-testing indicated that communication performance improved significantly in the planned walking group over the conversation-only group (f = 4.29; df = 2.28; P = 0.024). The results suggest that a planned walking program has the capacity to improve the communication performance of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Cloud-Based Virtual Laboratory for Network Security Education

Hands-on experiments are essential for computer network security education. Existing laboratory solutions usually require significant effort to build, configure, and maintain and often do not support reconfigurability, flexibility, and scalability. This paper presents a cloud-based virtual laboratory education platform called V-Lab that provides a contained experimental environment for hands-on experiments using virtualization technologies (such as Xen or KVM Cloud Platform) and OpenFlow switches. The system can be securely accessed through OpenVPN, and students can remotely control the virtual machines (VMs) and perform the experimental tasks. The V-Lab platform also offers an interactive Web GUI for resource management and a social site for knowledge sharing and contribution. By using a flexible and configurable design, V-Lab integrates pedagogical models into curriculum design and provides a progressive learning path with a series of experiments for network security education. Since summer 2011, V-Lab has served more than 1000 students from six courses across over 20 experiments. The evaluation demonstrates that the platform and curriculum have produced excellent results and helped students understand and build up computer security knowledge to solve real-world problems.
Big data challenges for estimating genome assembler quality

The selection of an appropriate assembler is important to obtain best assembly of a fragment dataset, avoid misassembles and minimize further finishing effort. It is known that the assembly quality of assemblers is dependent on the input data parameters such as DNA fragmentation parameters and genome sequence structure. To the best of our knowledge no large scale systematic effort has been made in quantifying the quality of the assembly generated by various assemblers over a range of input parameters. The correlation between input parameters and assembler quality can be used to define the characteristics of an assembler and design an optimal assembler selection algorithm. The critical barrier is the computational challenge of assembling simulated high-throughput sequence libraries of thousands of genomes with input parameters varied to cover the spectrum of values obtained from major sequencers available to biologists today. We present a study to show that a quantifiable correlation can be drawn between their input and output characteristics for four major open-source assemblers. Based on our result we propose a simple model to estimate the quality of assemblies generated by these assemblers for given input parameters.
Molecular distribution of cytoplasmic zinc in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated and unstimulated human lymphocytes

Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were incubated with [65Zn] zinc transferrin and with and without phytohemagglutinin for 1, 2, 4, 10, 24, 48, 72, and 96h. Gel filtration of cytoplasmic fractions obtained from these lymphocytes was then performed to determine the molecular distribution of incorporated zinc as a function of time in culture. The data obtained indicated that: (1) transferrin-bound zinc incorporated by human lymphocytes is associated with a variety of soluble molecules whose molecular weights range from less than 5,000 to greater than 70,000 daltons; (2) there is a time-dependent change in the distribution of cytoplasmic zinc for both phytohemagglutinin-stimulated and unstimulated lymphocytes; and (3) for all times studied, there is a difference in the elution profiles obtained for phytohemagglutinin-stimulated and unstimulated lymphocytes. Furthermore, lymphocytes from a donor with untreated hairy cell leukemia exhibited a totally different pattern of cytoplasmic zinc distribution than did lymphocytes from apparently healthy donors.
A note on optimal procurement contracts with limited direct cost inflation

Abstract Laffont and Tirole's [Using cost observation to regulate firms, J. Polit. Econ. 94 (1986) 614–641] pioneering analysis identifies the optimal procurement contract when the supplier can readily inflate his innate production cost without detection. When the buyer has some ability to limit such cost inflation, an alternative contract can outperform the contract identified by Laffont and Tirole. The alternative contract induces substantial pooling, discontinuous production costs and effort supply, and rent that varies non-monotonically with innate cost.
Potentiation of the behavioral effects of 5‐hydroxytryptophan by BW 1370U87, a selective monoamine oxidase‐A inhibitor

BW 1370U87, a novel, selective, reversible monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor, was tested in the 5-HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan) potentiation test in mice and rats to establish its activity following systemic administration, to determine its duration of action and to determine if its effects were reversible in vivo. The behavioral effects of a threshold dose of 5-HTP were potentiated by BW 1370U87 in mice with ED50s of 3.4 mg/kg i.p. and 18.4 mg/kg p.o. 5-HTP potentiation occurred in rats with an ED50 of 10.4 mg/kg p.o. BW 1370U87 (20 mg/kg) was active 9 hr, but not 16 hr following oral administration, consistent with reversible enzyme inhibition.
Peripheral B cell subsets

Our understanding of the origins and the biological functions of different peripheral B cell subsets continues to evolve. Some understanding has been obtained regarding the synergy between BCR-derived signals and other receptors and signaling pathways that drive the development of follicular, marginal zone, and B-1 B cells, but this remains a complex and poorly understood issue. More recent information regarding the origins of B-1 and B-2 B cells, the ability of follicular B cells to mature both in the bone marrow and the spleen, the existence of a definable precursor for MZ B cells, and the ability of follicular B cells to occupy two distinct niches are all highlighted in this review.
Phospholipids and protein kinase C in acetylcholine-dependent signal transduction in Ascaris suum.

Abstract Quantitatively, the major phospholipid in the muscle of the nematode Ascaris suum was found to be phosphatidylcholine (lecithin). Stimulation of Ascaris muscle with acetylcholine or the agonists carbachol and levamisole increased the levels of phosphorylcholine, 1,2-diacylglycerides and phosphatidic acid. Increased levels of these compounds, together with the demonstration of phospholipase C activity, suggest that phospholipid hydrolysis may be associated with the ACh response of the muscle via second messenger pathways. In other tissues, diacylglycerides and phosphatidic acid have been reported to regulate protein kinase C activity. Protein kinase C activity also was demonstrated in the muscle of Ascaris. For optimal activity the kinase was dependent upon Ca2+, unsaturated 1,2-diacylglyceride and phospholipid. All of the data are in accord with the possible involvement of a second messenger system being operative in the ACh-stimulated contraction of Ascaris muscle.
VECTORIZATION AND PARALLELIZATION OF A PRODUCTION REACTOR ASSEMBLY CODE

In order to efficiently use new features of supercomputers, production codes, usually written 10 - 20 years ago, must be tailored for modem computer architectures. We have chosen to optimize the CPM-2 code, a production reactor assembly code based on the collision probability transport method. Substantional speedups in the execution times were obtained with the parallel/vector version of the CPM-2 code. In addition, we have developed a new transfer probability method, which removes some of the modelling limitations of the collision probability method encoded in the CPM-2 code, and can fully utilize parallel/vector architecture of a multiprocessor IBM 3090.
Delayed vomiting in children with cancer after receiving moderately high or highly emetogenic chemotherapy.

Delayed vomiting is a potentially significant adverse effect of chemotherapy used to treat childhood cancer, but little is known about the experience of delayed vomiting in children and adolescents...
Effect of cutting speed and tool rake angle on residual stress distribution in machining 2024-T351 aluminium alloy — unlubricated conditions

The residual stress distribution in the machining of 2024-T351 aluminium alloy was measured using an electrolytic etching technique. Ring-shape specimens were machined under unlubricated orthogonal conditions with high-speed steel tools having rake angles of 10, 15, 20 and 25° at cutting speeds ranging between 0.5 and 1.25 m sec−1. The results of the investigation show that the residual stresses are compressive at the machined surface and decrease with depth beneath the machined surface. The maximum (near-surface) residual stress and the depth of the severely stressed region increase with an increase in the cutting speed. There seems to be little change in the residual stress distribution due to a change in the rake angle. The results are interpreted in terms of the variations in the amount of surface-region deformation produced by changes in cutting conditions.
Strong Correlations and Magnetic Frustration in the High Tc Iron Pnictides

We consider the iron pnictides in terms of a proximity to a Mott insulator. The superexchange interactions contain competing nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor components. In the undoped parent compound, these frustrated interactions lead to a two-sublattice collinear antiferromagnet (each sublattice forming a Neel ordering), with a reduced magnitude for the ordered moment. Electron or hole doping, together with the frustration effect, suppresses the magnetic ordering and allows a superconducting state. The exchange interactions favor a d-wave superconducting order parameter; in the notation appropriate for the Fe square lattice, its orbital symmetry is dxy. A number of existing and future experiments are discussed in light of the theoretical considerations.
The generalized Jeffreys-Born integral

The Jeffreys-Born integral in the WKB approximation is generalized to include the Coulomb potential. The Weyl-transform is used to obtain phase functions for potentials frequently used in fitting modified Coulomb scattering data.
A classification of K-local spectra

Abstract When the stable homotopy category is localized with respect to ordinary topological K -theory, it becomes highly algebraic. In this paper, an algebraic classification of K ∗ -local spectra is obtained using a ‘united K -homology theory’ K CRT ∗ which combines the complex, real, and self- conjugate theories. It has much better homological algebraic properties than its constituent homology theories and leads to a K CRT ∗ -Adams spectral sequence for K ∗ -local mapping class groups which always vanishes above homological degree 2. The main classification results of this paper hold without arithmetic localization and generalize results previously obtained at an odd prime.
Wait time prediction: how to avoid waiting in lines?

One of the challenges of organizations providing services to the public is the effective resource allocation. Many service providers such as hospitals, city halls or department of motor vehicles suffer from a service demand, which is unevenly distributed over the day. In this work, we evaluate techniques for predicting the service demand. We use the wait time dataset collected from the websites of California Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). We extract patterns of the service demand in form of wait time during each hour of a day and each day of a week. This information is used to train multiple machine learning models in order to predict the future wait time at DMV offices.
Creating and maintaining high-performing collaborative research teams: the importance of diversity and interpersonal skills

Collaborative research teams are a necessary and desirable component of most scientific endeavors. Effective collaborative teams exhibit important research outcomes, far beyond what could be accomplished by individuals working independently. These teams are made up of researchers who are committed to a common purpose, approach, and performance goals for which they hold themselves mutually accountable. We call such collaborations “high-performing collaborative research teams”. Here, we share lessons learned from our collective experience working with a wide range of collaborative teams and structure those lessons within a framework developed from literature in business, education, and a relatively new discipline, “science of team science”. We propose that high-performing collaborative research teams are created and maintained when team diversity (broadly defined) is effectively fostered and interpersonal skills are taught and practiced. Finally, we provide some strategies to foster team functioning and make recommendations for improving the collaborative culture in ecology.
Insider Outsider: Reflections on Working with One's Own Communities

Working as researchers within cultural communities can be challenging and rewarding. In this article, four researchers share their lived experiences in being both insiders and outsiders within their cultural communities as well as highlight discussions among feminist and community-participatory focused scholars about the insider-outsider positionality. Cultural communities represented among the researchers include Eastern European, Middle Eastern, American Indian, and East Asian.
Dispatch of fuel cells as Transmission Integrated Grid Energy Resources to support renewables and reduce emissions

Abstract The increasing demand on electric grids to support high penetrations of intermittent renewables, enhance power quality, increase reliability and resiliency, and provide ancillary services, is leading to local power generation on both sides of the meter. This paper describes the potential attributes of deploying 10–100 MW scale clusters of fuel cells installed at distribution substations to enable electric grid support through the provision of baseload and various levels of load following services. Such deployments, referred herein as Transmission Integrated Grid Energy Resource (TIGER) Stations, can also contribute to achieving air quality and climate goals through several high value attributes including high efficiency, ultra-low pollutant emissions, and near zero acoustic emissions. To quantitatively assess these benefits, a 5 GW deployment of TIGER Stations in the California electric system was analyzed using the Holistic Grid Resource Integration and Deployment (HiGRID) model at 33%, 43%, and 50% renewable penetration. The analysis establishes that (1) TIGER Stations have the potential to reduce carbon emissions and NO x emissions even when operated as baseload systems, and (2) TIGER Station load following capability is important for continued carbon emission reductions at higher renewable penetrations. Additional features of TIGER Stations, such as heat recovery or hybrid cycles, will further increase the attributes of TIGER Stations.
The effect of scarers on the presence of starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in cherry orchards

Abstract A study was carried out on the behaviour of starlings (mainly juveniles) which are pests in cherry orchards where they eat ripening fruit. Observations on 17 radio-tagged starlings during the cherry-picking season showed that most individuals continued to feed in the orchards on consecutive days despite the use of a variety of scarers. Distress calls of starlings played through loudspeakers were effective in that they temporarily scared starlings, but birds returned during the periods when no distress call was played. However, starlings no longer responded to these distress calls after the period between days 7 and 13. Captive starlings could not maintain their weight on a diet of cherries and the maximum daily intake was 25 cherries, amounting to 1·5 times the bird's own weight. The length of time spent in the orchards by radio-tagged birds (on average 2·8 hours) was far longer than the time needed to eat 25 cherries. It is concluded that the present arrangement of scarers was inefficient and that the netting-in of an orchard would be more effective.
Eight years of ultraviolet spectra of the variable BL Lacertae object PKS 2155-304

IUE data obtained on the variable BL Lacertae object PKS 2155-304 over an eight-year period are presented and analyzed in a fashion that minimizes the SNR of individual spectra. In general, the ultraviolet continuum can be fitted by a power law model with an average spectral index of roughly 0.89 + or - 0.12(sigma). The observations show that PKS 2155-304 has been variable on a time scale as short as 10 days and by an overall factor of two. The spectral index has changed very little and is uncorrelated with intensity in an absolute sense.
The Spitzer Science Center: using metrics analysis to improve system stability

The Spitzer Science Center (SSC) Software Science Operations System (SOS) is a large, complex software system. Over 1.2 million lines of code had been written for the SOS by time of launch (August 2003). The SSC uses a defect tracking tool called GNATS to enter defect reports and change requests. GNATS has been useful beyond just tracking defects to closure. Prior to launch a number of charts and graphs were generated using metrics collected from GNATS. These reports demonstrated trends and snapshots of the state of the SOS and enabled the SSC to better identify risks to the SOS and focus testing efforts. This paper will focus primarily on the time period of Spitzer's launch and In Orbit Checkout. It will discuss the metrics collected, the analyses done, the format the analyses was presented in, and lessons learned. This work was performed at the California Institute of Technology under contract to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
The effects of thermal accretion disk spectra on the emission lines from active galactic nuclei

Although most ratios of AGN emission lines depend primarily on global averages over the ionizing spectrum of the thermal accretion disk, there are some which behave quite differently for different spectra. Using these, it may be possible to infer the shape of the spectrum in the unobservable ultraviolet. Two classes of methods for making this inference are discussed, one based upon as many line ratios as can be observed, the other singling out those best at distinguishing different spectral shapes. Because of a variety of technical difficulties, only the first class, which uses global measures of goodness-of-fit, is practical. Application of this method to a compilation of quasar line ratios yields a weak conclusion, however, with the best fit favoring the presence of a thermal accretion disk with T(b) of roughly 20 eV.
Display system architectures for digital micromirror device (DMD)-based projectors

The Digital Micromirror Device (DMDTM) developed by Texas Instruments is a highly useful Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Structures (MOEMS) device that enables high quality projection display. Acting as a semiconductor light switch, the DMD can modulate incident light to produce truly digital projection display systems. Illumination and projection optics are described for three fundamental display system architectures based on the DMD light modulator. These systems include one, two, and three DMD configurations all producing full color image projection. The single device configuration implemented with a rotating color filter system represents the least system hardware while providing the capability of full color and a high brightness monochromatic mode. A two device configuration using a rotating color filter combined with a secondary color splitting filter is of particular interest when using a light source that is spectrally imbalanced. The two device configuration is also capable of a high brightness monochromatic mode of operation. The three device configuration is the most efficient with respect to light throughput considerations providing the highest brightness full color projection with the DMD light modulators. Comparisons of system performance characteristics are described indicating the features of each configuration.
The role of private subsidiary farming during the soviet seven‐year plan, 1959–65

(1968). The role of private subsidiary farming during the soviet seven‐year plan, 1959–65. Soviet Studies: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 46-66.
Reduction of cavity resonances in MoM solutions of EM problems

A common difficulty encountered in method of moments (MoM) solutions in electromagnetics is that of cavity resonance. The author presents a simple, automated technique to diagnose and correct spurious numerical results caused by such cavity resonances. An illustration of the application of this technique to a well known electromagnetic (EM) scattering problem is presented and discussed
Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. A flow cytometric DNA analysis of 26 lesions in 21 patients

The DNA content of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from 21 patients (26 lesions) with Kaposi's sarcoma associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was analyzed by flow cytometry. The lesions were classified histologically into the following three types according to the predominant pattern: granulation tissue-like (two lesions), angioma/angiosarcoma-like (ten lesions), and spindle cell (14 lesions). All lesions showed exclusively DNA diploidy, and the S- phase fractions were usually low, ranging from 2% to 13% (mean, 6.9%). The follow-up periods were from 2 to 60 months. Five patients died, with one of the deaths attributed to pulmonary failure resulting from diffuse alveolar damage and Kaposi's sarcoma; the other deaths were attributed to infections. These results indicate that Kaposi's sarcoma is not a high-grade neoplasm and, combined with previously reported evidence, may suggest that Kaposi's sarcoma associated with AIDS is a proliferative process rather than a malignant neoplasm.
Addressing the Shimming Problem in Big Data Scientific Workflows

Substantial amount of research has been done recently to address the shimming problem in scientific workflows, in which a special kind of adaptors, called shims, are inserted between workflow tasks to resolve the data type incompatibility issue. Recently, scientific workflows are increasingly used for big data analysis and processing, which poses additional challenges, such as volume, velocity and variety of data to the shimming problem. One issue is to scale the registration and configuration procedure to a large number of workflow tasks. Another issue is the ease of integrating a large number of remote Web services and other heterogeneous task components that can consume and produce data in various formats and models into a uniform and interoperable workflow. Existing approaches fall short in usability and scalability in addressing these issues. In this paper we 1) propose a new simplified single-component based task model based on extensive experiences and lessons learned from our original multiple-component based task model. The new model separates registration from configuration and eases the process of registering external functional components (such as Web services) into p-workflows, 2) propose a shim generation algorithm that elegantly solves the shimming problem raised by Web service based scientific workflows, and 3) we integrate MongoDB, a NoSQL document-oriented database system for storing and managing large-scale unstructured documents. A new version of the DATAVIEW system has been developed to support the proposed techniques and a case study has been conducted to show the feasibility and usability of our proposed techniques.
Extended Standing Wave Design Method for Simulated Moving Bed Chromatography: Linear Systems

For simulated moving bed (SMB) systems with significant mass-transfer effects, a model-based design method, which requires accurate mass-transfer parameters, was developed previously (Wu et al. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1998, 37, 4023). An extended standing wave design method is developed in this study and tested using computer simulations and pilot-scale SMB experiments for the separation of phenylalanine (phe) and tryptophan (trp). In this method, propagation speeds of impurity waves are estimated from the effluent histories of SMB runs based on a design that does not consider mass-transfer effects. According to the impurity wave speeds, zone flow rates and switching time are modified to counterbalance the mass-transfer effects. The values of the individual mass-transfer parameters are not needed. High-purity (96−99%) and high-yield (96−99%) products are obtained. This method is simpler than the model-based design method and can be applied when mass-transfer parameters are either unknown or inaccurate.
Noise Due to Interaction of Boundary-Layer Turbulence with a Compressor Rotor

The radiated sound due to a compressor or propulsor rotating blade row was investigated under various operating conditions and inflows. The propulsor was operated in air with different blade space-to-chord ratios, different flow coefficients and differing turbulence (nonisotropic) inflows. The inflows ingested were: 1) the natural boundary layer on the hub and annulus wall, 2) a tripped boundary layer on the hub, and 3) a fully developed boundary layer on the hub. The turbulence properties were also altered by placing a grid at the inlet. The mean velocity profiles, turbulence intensities, length scales, and energy spectra of the inflow, as well as nearand far-field acoustic spectra, were measured. A parametric investigation of the effect of inflow characteristics on the radiated sound was made. Several length scales were found to exist simultaneously. The noise due to small scale turbulence seemed to depend on the ratio of the square of the turbulence velocity normal to the blade divided by the axial length scale. The long eddies (compared to blade spacing) were primarily responsible for discrete tone production. Nomenclature ABL,NBL,FDBL = artificial, natural, and fully developed boundary layer, respectively B = number of blades c = blade chord CL =lift coefficient based on the cascade mean velocity Eu.u.(k) = spectrum function of turbulence kinetic energy k = wave number
Small and Medium-Sized Bridgehead Bicyclic Lactams: A Systematic ab Initio Molecular Orbital Study

Optimized ab initio molecular orbital calculations on nine bridgehead bicyclic lactams ranging from the 2.2.2 to the 4.3.3 series indicate variations in structural properties, resonance energies, proton affinities, and core orbital ionization energies that reflect the trans-cycloalkene analogy. The smaller lactams are calculated to be N-protonated, the larger O-protonated, and the “crossover” is predicted to occur around the 3.3.1 system. On the basis of resonance energies, larger bridgehead bicyclic lactams could be considered to be hyperstable as Schleyer and co-workers define the concept for larger bridgehead alkenes. This, hyperstability should be apparent in the kinetics of the nucleophilic substitution reactions of the lactams, such as hydrolysis, but not in the thermochemistry of these reactions.
Contact Magnetic-Dipole Hyperfine Structure in3dN4s2Atoms

The experimental value of $\frac{a(s)}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$, where $a(s)$ is the contact part of the magnetic-dipole hyperfine interaction and $\ensuremath{\gamma}=\frac{{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{I}}{I}$, is considered as a function of the number $N$ of $3d$ electrons present. The effects of intermediate coupling and configuration interaction (including core polarization) are allowed for wherever possible in the extraction of $a(s)$ from the available experimental data. The resulting curve, which should more accurately describe the variation of the contact hfs with $N$, is considerably smoother than when these refinements are omitted. New experimental results for ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{61}$ are included.
Home-cage ethanol consumption and motor activity: lack of relation to either initial activity or amphetamine-induced locomotion

In two separate studies, the relationship between home-cage, two bottle ethanol/water consumption and both initial motor reactivity to a novel environment and amphetamine induced motor activity was determined in nonselected Wistar rats. In neither study was any correlation found. While home-cage ethanol consumption may not be an accurate measure of ethanol self-administration, the studies suggest that unlike reports for other drugs of abuse, there does not appear to be a simple relationship between alcohol preference and motor activity.
Advisor-enhanced real-time system control

Abstract The paper describes a hybrid signature-table controller that uses advisor logic to enhance its decision making and statistical-inference learning processes. The automaton reacts to changes in real state space with rapid-fire control decisions and uses timeouts or failures to initiate learning interludes. The post-processing algorithm causes the system to learn by adapting values in the control matrix with a process that utilizes computed decision strengths for each state and those of its advising neighbors. The familiar inverted pendulum system is used to highlight the effects of advisor logic on overall system performance.
High-resolution NMR spectroscopy of lipid A molecules containing 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose and phosphoethanolamine substituents. Different attachment sites on lipid A molecules from NH4VO3-treated Escherichia coli versus kdsA mutants of Salmonella typhimurium.

Abstract When Escherichia coli are grown on LB broth containing 25 mm NH4VO3, complex modifications to the lipid A anchor of lipopolysaccharide are induced. Six modified lipid As (EV1–EV6) have been purified. Many of these variants possess 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose (l-Ara4N) and/or phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) substituents. Here we use NMR spectroscopy to investigate the attachment sites of thel-Ara4N and pEtN moieties on underivatized, intact EV3 and EV6 and on precursors IIA and IIIA fromkdsA mutants of Salmonella.CDCl3/CD3OD/D2O (2:3:1, v/v) is shown to be a superior solvent for homo- and heteronuclear one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments. The latter were not feasible previously because available solvents caused sample decomposition. Selective inverse decoupling difference spectroscopy is used to determine the attachment sites of substituents on EV3, EV6, IIA, and IIIA. l-Ara4N is attached via a phosphodiester linkage to the 4′-phosphates of EV3 and EV6 and has the β anomeric configuration. pEtN is attached by a pyrophosphate linkage to the 1-phosphate of EV6. The l-Ara4N and pEtN substituents of lipids IIA and IIIA are attached in the opposite manner, with l-Ara4N on the 1-phosphate of IIA and pEtN on the 4′-phosphate of IIIA. Determination of the proper attachment sites of these substituents is necessary for elucidating the enzymology of lipid A biosynthesis and for characterizing polymyxin-resistant mutants, in which l-Ara4N and pEtN substituents are greatly increased.
Involutions on Homotopy Spheres

In this paper we study differentiable orientation preserving involutions on S n§ with non-trivial k dimensional fixed set. Define a cobordism relation between involutions T o and T~ by requiring that there exist an involution T on S n+k x I whose restriction to the ends yields T O and T~. The set of cobordism classes becomes a group d(n+k,k) by taking connected sum about a fixed point. We assume throughout that 5<_k<_n-3. By Smith theory the fixed set of T o, Fix(To), is a differentiable kmanifold with the Z2-homology of a sphere, and Fix(T) is a cobordism between Fix(T0) and Fix(Tt) such that H,(Fix(r), Fix(T/); Zz)=0 for i= 0, 1. We call such a manifold a ZE-CObordism and make the set of Z 2homology k-spheres into a group 0(k 2~ under this relation via connected sum. Let O k denote the group of homotopy k-spheres studied by Kervaire and Milnor [10]. To calculate 0t, 2~ we study the natural map 0 ---, 0 (2) v, v,
Prosecution in Middle County: An Application of Organization Theory to Criminal Justice

It has long been recognized that the prosecutor is a crucial actor in the criminal justice process. Comparatively little study has been done however on prosecutors'offices as such: how they function, what criteria they use, what principles might explain their conduct. In this regard it should be noted that the most-studiedjurisdictions, the largest urban centers, are perhaps those least representative of prosecutorial practices in the nation as a whole. The present study explains the prosecutorial decision-making process in one middle-sized Midwestern city by applying to the operations of this office the precepts of Cvert and March's A Behavioral Theory of the Firm (1963). The author finds that this office behaves in ways remarkably similar to those of the business firms examined by Cyert and March. The article describes how the Middle County prosecutor follows Cyert and March's principles of avoiding uncertainty by using standardized decision rules; avoiding over-complexity by keeping these rules themsel...
RELIGIOUS LITERATURE AND THE INSCRIPTION OF IDENTITY: THE SUFI TAZKIRA TRADITION IN MUSLIM SOUT ASIA

L'identite des musulmans d'Asie du sud-est a change a la lumiere des transformations politiques et sociales. Ce changement peut etre repere a travers l'organisation et la structuration du genre litteraire tazkira. Le cadre de ce genre est la memorialisation. Un des elements cles de ce genre est l'inscription qui se fait grâce a l'ecriture de la memoire. Au cours de ce processus, les espaces ont grandi des cites aux regions puis aux nations. Les tazkiras ont justifie un espace musulman en Asie en islamisant le sol et en creant un nouveau foyer, de nouveaux centres spirituels et de pelerinage
Effect of Crystallization on Thermal Shock Behavior of a Chain‐Silicate Canasite Glass‐Ceramic

The resistance of a canasite glass-ceramic to the initiation of thermal stress fracture due to a water quench was found to be higher than for the original glass, due to higher values of strength and thermal conductivity which offset increases in thermal expansion and Young's modulus. Relative strength retention behavior of the glass-ceramic was also higher than for the glass, attributed to its crack-size-dependent fracture toughness.
Sampling and analytical procedures for evaluation of airborne chlordane levels in family quarters

A sampling and analysis protocol was developed for determining trace levels of chlordane in the interior of family housing units. Chlordane, when applied as a termiticide through sub-slab injection, found its way into family quarters through heating ducts. In this study, methods were developed to sample and analyze for trace levels of this airborne chlordane. Commercially available Chromosorb 102 sampling tubes were evaluated and found to be extremely useful. Trace levels of chlordane collected on these commercial sampling tubes can be stored before analysis for up to 131 d after sampling, with no measurable loss of chlordane. Chlordane collection efficiency and recovery from Chromosorb 102 sampling tubes was found to be excellent.
The impact of component commonality in an assemble-to-order environment under supply and demand uncertainty

A material requirements planning simulator with a two-level bill-of-material is used to study the impact of introducing component commonality into an assemble-to-order environment when demand is subject to random variations, and component procurement orders experience random delays. By using simulated data, our ANOVA results show that component commonality significantly interacts with existence of demand and supply chain uncertainties, and benefits of component commonality are most pronounced when both uncertainties exist.
The origin and preservation of a major hurricane event bed in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Hurricane Camille, 1969

Cores collected from Mississippi Sound, in the Gulf of Mexico, were studied using 210 Pbxs and 137 Cs geochronology, X-radiography, granulometry, and a multi-sensor core logger. Our results indicate the presence of a widespread sandy event layer that we attribute to Hurricane Camille (1969). An initial thickness of more than 10 cm is estimated from the cores, which is large compared to the time-averaged apparent accumulation rate of 0.29^0.47 cm y 31 . Physical and biological post-depositional processes have reworked the sandy layer, producing a regional discontinuity and localized truncation, and resulting in an imperfect and biased record of sedimentary processes during the storm. The oceanographic and sedimentological processes that would have produced an event bed during Hurricane Camille are simulated using a series of numerical models, i.e. (1) a parametric cyclone wind model, (2) the SWAN third-generation wave model, (3) the ADCIRC 2D finite-element hydrodynamic model, and (4) a wave^ current bottom boundary layer model that is coupled to transport and bed conservation equations (TRANS98). The simulated bed ranges from 5 cm to over 100 cm within a tidal channel near the barrier islands. Seaward of the islands, the bed is more than 10 cm in thickness with local variability. The magnitude and local variability of the storm bed thickness are consistent with the observed stratigraphy and geochronology on both the landward and seaward sides of the barriers. @ 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Quantitative analysis of TALE–DNA interactions suggests polarity effects

Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) have revolutionized the field of genome engineering. We present here a systematic assessment of TALE DNA recognition, using quantitative electrophoretic mobility shift assays and reporter gene activation assays. Within TALE proteins, tandem 34-amino acid repeats recognize one base pair each and direct sequence-specific DNA binding through repeat variable di-residues (RVDs). We found that RVD choice can affect affinity by four orders of magnitude, with the relative RVD contribution in the order NG > HD ≈ NN >> NI > NK. The NN repeat preferred the base G over A, whereas the NK repeat bound G with 10(3)-fold lower affinity. We compared AvrBs3, a naturally occurring TALE that recognizes its target using some atypical RVD-base combinations, with a designed TALE that precisely matches 'standard' RVDs with the target bases. This comparison revealed unexpected differences in sensitivity to substitutions of the invariant 5'-T. Another surprising observation was that base mismatches at the 5' end of the target site had more disruptive effects on affinity than those at the 3' end, particularly in designed TALEs. These results provide evidence that TALE-DNA recognition exhibits a hitherto un-described polarity effect, in which the N-terminal repeats contribute more to affinity than C-terminal ones.
Optimal Linear Combinations Of Statistics And Texture Measures For SAR Sea Ice Classification

Due to the large amounts of SAR satellite data that will soon become available over the arctic regions, researchers are developing automatic algorithms to generate ice data products from SAR imagery. It is not known how well these algorithms p erform compared to optimal results, or even which image features a re the best to use. In this paper a procedure for. deriving t he optimal linear combination of image features and their ratios is presented which maximizes the separation of resulting classes. to two SAR image collections and to two types of It is applied
Comparison of ThinPrep and TriPath PREP liquid-based preparations in nongynecologic specimens: a pilot study.

ThinPrep (TP) and TriPath PREP (TriP) are two liquid-based cytologic preparations that produce a thin layer of cells. This study compares the diagnostic accuracy and different cytomorphologic alterations produced by these preparations in nongynecologic specimens. Samples from 10 urines (3 urothelial carcinomas and 7 negative), 4 positive serous fluids, and 7 fine-needle aspirates (FNAs) were prepared by both techniques. FNAs represented one each of: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), hyperplastic colloid nodule (HCN), Hodgkin's lymphoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) metastatic to the lymph node, and carcinoid tumor. All 5 participants, none of whom had prior knowledge of the clinical history or histologic diagnosis, reviewed and interpreted the slides. Both techniques produced a clean background and were equally accurate in urines, serous fluids, and three FNAs. TriP was slightly more accurate in four FNAs: HCN and HT where colloid and lymphocytes were better represented, SCC where keratin and malignant cells were more readily identified among lymphocytes, and carcinoid which was easier to evaluate on TriP due to less cellular shrinkage and more dispersion of cells between aggregates. TP preparations had more cell shrinkage, and the chromatin was harder to evaluate. Both techniques produced artificial aggregations of lymphocytes, but TriP had a more evenly dispersed single-cell population between aggregates, rendering them easier to evaluate for atypia. TP produced fragmentation of large sheets that were flattened, while TriP contained larger branching sheets in a three-dimensional (3-D) configuration. TP produced a true monolayer of cells that were all spread at the same plane, while in TriP the cells were spread at slightly different planes, requiring frequent focusing of the viewed plane. While both techniques are acceptable for diagnostic purposes, they both introduce new cytomorphologic alterations that pathologists need to recognize. TriP seems superior to TP in FNAs specimens where preservation of architecture and cellular integrity are important considerations.
Immunophenotypic Attributes of Benign Peripheral Blood γδ T Cells and Conditions Associated With Their Increase

Abstract Context.—In comparison to αβ T cells, little is known about the immunophenotype of healthy peripheral blood γδ T cells or about conditions associated with expansion of this usually minor T-cell subset. Objective.—To study the immunophenotype of increased nonneoplastic peripheral blood γδ T cells and to determine clinical conditions associated with this laboratory finding. Design.—Flow cytometric T-cell phenotyping studies performed on 352 consecutive peripheral blood specimens were reviewed, and 62 cases (18%) in which γδ T cells comprised either more than 5% of the total lymphocytes or had an absolute count of more than 200 cells per μL or both, were studied further. Clinical data were available from 36 cases. Results.—The γδ T cells often had an immunophenotype distinct from the αβ T cells, with differences in CD5 expression as the most common (n = 17), followed by differences in CD3 (n = 6) and CD7 (n = 3). CD16 coexpression by the γδ T cells was also frequent (n = 20). In 28 (78%) of 36 cases...
Short-term fates of high sulfur inputs in Northern California vineyard soils

The widespread application of elemental sulfur (S0) to vineyards may have ecosystem effects at multiple scales. We evaluated the short-term fates of applied S0 in a Napa Valley vineyard; we determined changes in soil sulfur (S) speciation (measured by X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy), soil pH, extractable sulfate (SO4 2−), and total S to evaluate changes in acidity and soil S within the vineyard over time. Surface soil samples were collected immediately prior to and following two applications of S0 (6.7 kg S0 ha−1), with weekly collections in the 2 weeks between applications and following the last application. XANES spectra indicated that the majority of soil S persists in the +6 oxidation state and that S0 oxidizes within 7 days following application. Soil pH and extractable SO4 2− measurements taken at 30 min after S0 application revealed generation of acidity and an increase in extractable SO4 2−, but by 12 days after application, soil pH increased to approximately pre-application levels. These data suggest that the major consequence of reactive S applications in vineyards may be the accumulation of soil SO4 2− and organic S during the growing season, which can be mobilized during storm events during the dormant (wet) season. In spatially-extensive winegrowing regions where these applications are made by hundreds of individual farmers each year, it will be important to understand the long-term implications of this perturbation to the regional S cycle.
CHILDREN'S DEPRESSION SCALE: VALIDATION WITH CHILD PSYCHIATRIC INPATIENTS

The present investigation examined the psychometric characteristics and correlates of the Children's Depression Scale (CDS) with psychiatric impatient children (n = 185; ages 7-12) and their parents (n = 154). The results revealed: high internal consistency of the CDS, significant correlations of CDS scores with other measures of depression and related constructs (hopelessness, self-esteem) and significant differences in CDS depression and positive experience scores for children independently diagnosed as meeting Research Diagnostic Criteria for depression versus other disorders. Parent CDS scores permitted finer diagnostic discriminations and revealed age and gender differences in childhood depression not evident from the children's scores.