cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electra: a repetitively pulsed KrF laser system

Electra is a repetitively pulsed, electron beam pumped krypton fluoride (KrF) laser at the Naval Research Laboratory. It is used to develop the technologies required for a large, durable and repetitive laser driver for Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE). This paper gives an overview of the Electra program, and then concentrates on the most recent research advances in electron beam propagation in the diode and deposition in the laser gas, repetitive laser energy extraction in an oscillator mode, the laser gas recirculator, and KrF kinetics.
Bone chemistry and prehistoric diet: Strontium studies of laboratory rats

Strontium analysis of prehistoric human bone for the reconstruction of past diets is a relatively new technique in anthropology. In order to evaluate certain assumptions of the method, diets with low and high levels of strontium were fed to male, virgin female, and pregnant female laboratory rats. Analysis of the femurs of these rats by inductively coupled plasma/atomic emission spectrometry indicates that dietary intake is directly reflected in levels of strontium in bone ash. When dietary strontium levels were low, the observed ratio for bone:diet in the laboratory rats averaged 0.26, a value similar to that observed by other investigators. Among the groups fed high levels of strontium, pregnant females accumulated the most and virgin females accumulated the least strontium in bone. Males were intermediate. Gender differences in bone strontium among prehistoric human populations are considered in these terms.
Teaching of simulation at business schools

Many business decisions can be ably supported by applications of simulation models of various types, including system dynamics, discrete event, agent based, and Monte Carlo. Many decisions involving large capital investments are made only after the proposed systems have been simulated and the expected return on investment verified using simulation. The applicability of simulation to business decisions would suggest that leading business schools would include teaching of simulation software in their curriculum. While business schools use business simulations extensively in their classes, there appears to be limited interest in teaching how to build such simulations. This paper reports on a survey of teaching of simulation software at leading business school. The prevalence of teaching some simulation types over others and the reasons provided are discussed. Simulation community may want to consider the trends at business schools and the need to influence them.
Distance and organization in multifunction displays

One approach to organizing information in a multifunction display (MFD) is to place related screens of information closer to each other. This study identified three metrics that could be used to operationalize the concept of distance in an MFD. The proposed distance metrics - navigational (the number of choice points lying between two screens), organizational (the hierarchical structure of the data base), and cognitive (the user's perception of relationships among screens) - were empirically examined by using a simulated, hierarchically arranged, menu-driven MFD in an aviation context. Subjects engaged in two tasks that required them to access different target screens from various starting screens in a 290-screen MFD. The tasks differed in the navigational mechanisms subjects were allowed to use to navigate around the MFD and the relationships between the starting and target screens. The results suggest that the three distance metrics are meaningful within the context of a multifunction display.
Becoming a Scholar‐Practitioner in Student Affairs

This chapter explores the meanings of “scholar-practitioner” and explores habits of mind that encourage participation in scholarly activities and incorporating evidence in professional practice.
Investigating Consistency in Highway Performance Monitoring System and Pavement Management Reporting

An NCHRP study was conducted to evaluate the comparability of pavement condition data submitted to FHWA under the Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) and the information reported by state highway agencies as part of their pavement management program. As part of the study, a statewide survey of both HPMS and pavement management practitioners was conducted to identify issues associated with HPMS submittal requirements and to evaluate the impact these issues have on the quality of the data submittal. After the survey, eight states were invited to participate in a more detailed comparison of HPMS and pavement management data. The analysis compared the data in a number of ways, including the availability of comparable information in the pavement management and HPMS data sets, differences in pavement conditions reported using HPMS and pavement management data, and the impact of the reporting length (e.g., segment or route) on pavement condition statistics. The results indicate fairly good consistency i...
Assessment of the efficiency of protein utilization in young squirrel and macaque monkeys

The efficiency of protein utilization was assessed in three groups of infant squirrel monkeys fed diets containing restricted amounts of hactalbumin, casein, and soy protein isolate as the sole nitrogen source for 3-week periods. Lactalbumin was fed in similar conditions to a group of macaques for comparison. The regression of weight gain on protein intake was calculated for each dietary protein yielding an estimate of protein needs for weight maintenance and an estimate of the efficiency of utilization of protein for growth (slope x percentage protein in tissue). Mean requirements for weight maintenance of infant squirrel monkeys for lactalbumin, casein and soy protein isolate were 3.43, 3.63, and 7.96 g/kg per day and growth was accomplished with an efficiency of 27.8, 32.1, and 22.2%, respectively. In contrast, the macaques utilized hactalbumin with an efficiency of 65%, similar to that of the infant cebus monkey and adult man. The low efficiency found in young squirrel monkeys was altered neither when the habitual feeding schedule was prolonged from 16 to 24 hr per day in a group of casein-fed animals nor when sulfur amino acids were adde'� to casein. Am. I Clin. Nutr. 32: 18 13-1823, 1979.
The Rise of China’s Media Supermarket: An Appraisal of Cultural Imperialism's Relevance to the Chinese TV Industry

This essay examines a series of online narratives by a group of Chinese TV professionals. Through their eyes, this analysis seeks to reveal the impact of commercialization on Chinese television in terms of programming, genres, formats, and content themes. Also, I evaluate their attitudes toward commercialization as expressed in their online narratives which reveal their interpretive limits. While many of them condemn the commercial symptoms of Chinese television, they paradoxically embrace commercialization as the destined, inevitable path for the development of Chinese television. Factors that set boundaries to the professionals’ interpretive agency are identified, including the global influence of the neoliberal capitalist ideology; the Chinese party-state’s ideology of developmentalism; the professionals’ own elite social perspective; and a propaganda-weary popular mood in post-communist China. I argue that these interpretive limits, as well as the constraining factors, are indicative of the prevalence of the neoliberal capitalist ideology in China, and therefore prove the continued pertinence of scholars’ concern over corporate cultural imperialism. Finally, this essay concludes with a theoretical discussion of an implosive mode of corporate cultural homogenization, which is globally conditioned, but often foregrounds the domestic forces of a country as solely responsible for their “domestic” cultural sphere, and therefore frees global media corporations from the charges of cultural imperialism.
Compressed sensing over the Grassmann manifold: A unified analytical framework

It is well known that compressed sensing problems reduce to finding the sparse solutions for large under-determined systems of equations. Although finding the sparse solutions in general may be computationally difficult, starting with the seminal work of [2], it has been shown that linear programming techniques, obtained from an l1-norm relaxation of the original non-convex problem, can provably find the unknown vector in certain instances. In particular, using a certain restricted isometry property, [2] shows that for measurement matrices chosen from a random Gaussian ensemble, l1 optimization can find the correct solution with overwhelming probability even when the support size of the unknown vector is proportional to its dimension. The paper [1] uses results on neighborly polytopes from [6] to give a ldquosharprdquo bound on what this proportionality should be in the Gaussian measurement ensemble. In this paper we shall focus on finding sharp bounds on the recovery of ldquoapproximately sparserdquo signals (also possibly under noisy measurements). While the restricted isometry property can be used to study the recovery of approximately sparse signals (and also in the presence of noisy measurements), the obtained bounds can be quite loose. On the other hand, the neighborly polytopes technique which yields sharp bounds for ideally sparse signals cannot be generalized to approximately sparse signals. In this paper, starting from a necessary and sufficient condition for achieving a certain signal recovery accuracy, using high-dimensional geometry, we give a unified null-space Grassmannian angle-based analytical framework for compressive sensing. This new framework gives sharp quantitative tradeoffs between the signal sparsity and the recovery accuracy of the l1 optimization for approximately sparse signals. As it will turn out, the neighborly polytopes result of [1] for ideally sparse signals can be viewed as a special case of ours. Our result concerns fundamental properties of linear subspaces and so may be of independent mathematical interest.
Self-Diffusion in Single Crystal Ice

Measurement of self-diffusion in ice ⊥(00,1) and ⊥(10,0) were made by a tracer sectioning method using single crystals from Mendenhall Glacier, Alaska. U.S.A.. The activation energies of diffusion D ⊥(00,1) and D ⊥(10,0) are 0.54eV and 0.65eV respectively. Among the several possible mechanisms the “free interestitial molecule mechanism” is the only mechanism which would give higher activation energy of diffusion along ⊥(10,0) than ⊥(00,1).
Oxide charge trapping and HCI susceptibility of a submicron CMOS dual-poly (N/sup +//P/sup +/) gate technology

Gate-oxide charge trapping and hot-carrier injection (HCI) susceptibility of a submicrometer CMOS dual-poly (n/sup +//p/sup +/) gate, Ti-salicide, double-metal technology are discussed. The Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface property is believed to be modified by the p/sup +/ poly gate process, possibly due to boron penetration from the p/sup +/ polysilicon into the gate oxide. This accounts for the observed reduction in hole trapping during constant-current stress of the p/sup +/ poly gate capacitors and the large critical energy for interface trap generation during HCI stress of the p/sup +/ poly gate transistors. A general empirical relationship between the HCI power law parameters A (the precoefficient) and n (the power index) was obtained for both n-channel p-channel devices to describe the stress-time dependent degradation. Using the derived MOSFET lifetime, the limiting device type for this submicrometer CMOS dual-poly gate technology has also been determined. >
Evaluation of ischemia-reperfusion liver injury by near-infrared spectroscopy in an experimental swine model: the effect of desferoxamine.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury has long been regarded a primary factor for the physiological dysfunction that can occur following major liver resection performed under vascular control. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of treatment with desferoxamine (DFO), a potent antioxidative agent, monitoring the I-R injury on a porcine model of major hepatectomy. Materials and Methods: Twelve female pigs were allocated to control (n = 6) and DFO groups (n = 6) and underwent 30 min of liver ischemia, during which a ≥30% hepatectomy was performed, followed by six hours of postoperative monitoring. The DFO group animals were preconditioned with a continuous iv solution of DFO to a total dose of 100 mg/kg during their postoperative period. Liver remnants (≈70% of initial liver volume) were evaluated by means of infrared spectroscopy, serum lactate measurement of the systemic, portal and hepatic vein blood, and by immunohistochemical assessment of apoptosis in consecutive liver biops...
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 is a key inhibitor of TGFβ signaling in the endothelium

Abnormal vascular homeostasis can lead to increased proliferation of smooth muscle cells and deposition of extracellular matrix, resulting in neointima formation, which contributes to vascular lumen narrowing, a pathology that underlies diseases including transplant vasculopathy, the recurrence of stenosis, and atherosclerosis. Growth of neointima is in part due to endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a transforming growth factor–β (TGFβ)–driven process, which leads to increased numbers of smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts and deposition of extracellular matrix. We reported that endothelial cell–specific knockout of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) led to activation of TGFβ signaling and development of EndMT in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, EndMT in human diseased vasculature correlated with decreased abundance of FGFR1. These findings identify FGFR1 as the key regulator of TGFβ signaling and EndMT development.
Letters to the Editor---Extension of Dantzig's Algorithm to Finding an Initial Near-Optimal Basis for the Transportation Problem

This note presents a new method for finding a starting basis for transportation problems; it produces a near-optimal basis, and appears to be superior to present methods.
Optimization of multiplexed bead-based cytokine immunoassays for rat serum and brain tissue.

Abstract The ability to simultaneously quantify multiple signaling molecule protein levels from microscopic neural tissue samples would be of great benefit to deciphering how they affect brain function. This follows from evidence that indicates signaling molecules can be pleiotropic and can have complex interactive behavior that is regionally and cellularly heterogeneous. Multiplexed examination of tissue proteins has been exceedingly difficult because of the absence of available techniques. This void now has been removed by the commercial availability of bead-based immunoassays for targeted proteins that allow analyses of up to 100 (6–150 kDa) proteins from as little as 12 μl. Thus far used only for sera (human and mouse) and culture media, we demonstrate here that sensitive (as low as 2 pg/ml), wide-ranging (up to 2–32 000 pg/ml), accurate (8% intra-assay covariance) and reliable (4–7% inter-assay covariance) measurements can be made of nine exemplary cytokines (e.g., IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, TNF-α) simultaneously not only from rat serum but, for the first time, also brain tissue. Furthermore, we describe animal handling procedures that minimize stress as determined by serum glucocorticoid levels since they can influence cytokine expression.
Optimizing human activity patterns using global sensitivity analysis

Implementing realistic activity patterns for a population is crucial for modeling, for example, disease spread, supply and demand, and disaster response. Using the dynamic activity simulation engine, DASim, we generate schedules for a population that capture regular (e.g., working, eating, and sleeping) and irregular activities (e.g., shopping or going to the doctor). We use the sample entropy (SampEn) statistic to quantify a schedule's regularity for a population. We show how to tune an activity's regularity by adjusting SampEn, thereby making it possible to realistically design activities when creating a schedule. The tuning process sets up a computationally intractable high-dimensional optimization problem. To reduce the computational demand, we use Bayesian Gaussian process regression to compute global sensitivity indices and identify the parameters that have the greatest effect on the variance of SampEn. We use the harmony search (HS) global optimization algorithm to locate global optima. Our results show that HS combined with global sensitivity analysis can efficiently tune the SampEn statistic with few search iterations. We demonstrate how global sensitivity analysis can guide statistical emulation and global optimization algorithms to efficiently tune activities and generate realistic activity patterns. Though our tuning methods are applied to dynamic activity schedule generation, they are general and represent a significant step in the direction of automated tuning and optimization of high-dimensional computer simulations.
Diagnostic techniques for ventilator-associated pneumonia: Conflicting results from two trials

Intervention: Using a 2-by-2 factorial design, subjects were randomly assigned to a) undergo bronchoalveolar lavage with quantitative culture of the bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid or endotracheal aspiration with nonquantitative culture of the aspirate, and to b) receive empirical combination antibiotic therapy or monotherapy. Empirical antibiotic therapy was initiated in all patients until culture results were available, at which point a protocol of targeted therapy was used for discontinuing or reducing the dose or number of antibiotics, or for resuming antibiotic therapy to treat a preenrollment condition if the culture was negative.
Processing ideas: An argument for useful text management software

Low cost, personal computer (PC) based software adapted for competitive intelligence (CI) use can frustrate users because they appear to offer only slightly mare than the sorting and search functions of word processing software. What we would prefer is the capability of finding and manipulating ideas rather than words. The ability to manipulate ideas gives us the machine assisted ability to glean insight from raw text. Those new to the CI field may not yet know what analytical power they would like to possess as CI managers. The mystique of computers and their software sometimes creates the belief that they can do anything: we need only to be smart enough to use them. This thinking leads us to focus on what they can do, instead of what they could do. And we need more power from our software. I asked Bill Meade to comment on the problems associated with our use of text management software. Here he shares his views of our analytical limitations and what software vendors should do about it. Glenn S. Omura.
The effects of noise in oscillators

An explicit expression for the output signal from an oscillator with several noise sources in the circuit is derived. This formula describes qualitatively and quantitatively the manner in which thermal and shot noise act to corrupt the performance of an ideal oscillator. The statistical properties of the signal are then evaluated, as it emerges from the oscillator stage, after passage through an output filter and after being operated on by an ideal n-times multiplier. Expressions are derived for the short term frequency stability, the power spectral density, and the power spectrum of the signal, as well as for the spectral density of the signal phase. The key to the results reported is an apparently novel perturbation technique which does not require smoothing of the instantaneous nonlinearity in the basic differential equation. Discussion of the solutions shows that the instantneous nonlinearities cause the device to act simultaneously like a linear AGC oscillator and like a high Q passive tuned circuit, with each aspect accorded one half the total noise excitation. Possible implications of this effect for other types of transient conditions in oscillators are indicated briefly.
A Developmental Exploration of Expectations for and Beliefs About Preventing Bicycle Collision Injuries

Investigated developmental and gender-related trends in 2nd, 5th, and 8th graders', undergraduates', and adults' reactions to simulated bicycle collisions. Recently, scientists have called for exploration of the developmental mechanisms that underlie childhood injury. Our laboratory has, in three separate studies, demonstrated age-related decreases in beliefs about the negative consequences of bicycle collision. These developmental decreases in the expected seriousness of outcome parallel age-related increases in injury risk. The present study examined two alternative explanations for cognitive differences that might be related to increased risk for bicycle injury with increasing age. Contrary to predictions, however, age and gender were unrelated to subjects' expectations for whether a collision would take place, be actively avoided, or fail to take place. Similarly, age and gender were unrelated to whether subjects believed they could remain safe, that safety equipment (e.g., helmets) would keep them safe, or that different behavior would keep them safe. Results fail to support these expectations and beliefs as alternative explanations to developmental and gender-related trends in bicycle injuries, and indirectly suggest the importance of children's beliefs about the seriousness of injury as a contributer to injury risk behavior.
Determination of the Bottleneck Regions of Potential Energy Surfaces for Atom Transfer Reactions by Variational Transition State Theory

A major difficulty in the calculation of reliable equilibrium rate constants for gas-phase bimolecular reactions is the lack of accurate information about potential energy surfaces. The calculation of accurate, detailed dynamical quantities such as inelastic and reactive cross sections requires a knowledge of the potential energy surface over large regions of the configuration space. Thermal rate constants represent an average of such detailed dynamical quantities, and as a result they are less sensitive to fine features of the surface. Thus accurate thermal rate constants may be calculated using less information about the potential surfaces than is required to calculate more detailed quantities; one of the goals of the present chapter is to discuss which regions of the surfaces are most important in controlling the rates of chemical reactions.
Causes of Two Slope-Failure Types in Continental-Shelf Sediment, Northeastern Gulf of Alaska

ABSTRACT Slumps and sediment-gravity flows have been identified in Holocene glaciomarine sediment on declivities less than 1.3° on the Gulf of Alaska continental shelf. Geologic and geotechnical investigation suggest that the processes responsible for these slope failures are earthquake and storm-wave loading, coupled with cyclic degradation of the sediment-shear strength. We propose that the failure type is related to the nature of the failure load. For example, a slump that occurs approximately 30 km seaward of Icy Bay in water depth of 70 to 150 m was most likely caused by earthquake loading, whereas sediment-gravity flows on the Alsek prodelta, which occur in water depths of 35 to 80 m, probably were caused primarily by storm-wave loading. Sediment remolding and redistribution and inco poration of water, which occurs more readily during wave loading from a long storm than during the limited number of loading cycles generated by an earthquake, reduces the shear strength and increases the fluidity of the failed sediment mass. Wave-induced slope failures thereby tend to transform into sediment-gravity flows.
CMA equalization with decision-directed phase correction

A modified version of the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) is presented: the phase-information modified CMA (PI-CMA), which adds a term to minimize the phase-alignment offset often produced by the CMA. The PI-CMA equalizer first acts as a standard CMA and once convergence within a defined region around a constant modulus value is achieved, a phase-alignment correction term is added to the algorithm, aligning (rotating) the constellation toward the orientation of the source constellation, a final phase ambiguity can be corrected by the use of coding or training. We show an application of the PI-CMA in a communication system which uses M-ary phase-shift keying (M-PSK) modulation.
PLUMAGE CONVERGENCE IN PICOIDES WOODPECKERS BASED ON A MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY, WITH EMPHASIS ON CONVERGENCE IN DOWNY AND HAIRY WOODPECKERS

Abstract Adult and juvenile plumage characters were traced onto a well-resolved molecular based phylogeny for Picoides woodpeckers, and a simple phylogenetic test of homology, parallelism, and convergence of plumage characters was performed. Reconstruction of ancestral character states revealed multiple events of independent evolution of derived character states in most characters studied, and a concentrated changes test revealed that some plumage characters evolved in association with habitat type. For example, there was a statistically significant association between loss of dorsal barring and use of densely vegetated habitats among Picoides species. Two analyses indicated that convergence, as opposed to parallel evolution or shared ancestry, underlies the similarity in plumage patterns between the Downy (Picoides pubescens) and Hairy (P. villosus) Woodpeckers. Possible causal explanations for convergence in plumage patterns may include mimicry and interspecific territoriality.
Sprouty2 Drives Drug Resistance and Proliferation in Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is notoriously resistant to therapy, and the development of a durable cure will require the identification of broadly relevant regulators of GBM cell tumorigenicity and survival. Here, we identify Sprouty2 (SPRY2), a known regulator of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), as one such regulator. SPRY2 knockdown reduced proliferation and anchorage-independent growth in GBM cells and slowed xenograft tumor growth in mice. SPRY2 knockdown also promoted cell death in response to coinhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the c-MET receptor in GBM cells, an effect that involved regulation of the ability of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) to drive cell death in response to inhibitors. Analysis of data from clinical tumor specimens further demonstrated that SPRY2 protein is definitively expressed in GBM tissue, that SPRY2 expression is elevated in GBM tumors expressing EGFR variant III (EGFRvIII), and that elevated SPRY2 mRNA expression portends reduced GBM patient survival. Overall, these results identify SPRY2 and the pathways it regulates as novel candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets in GBM. Implications: SPRY2, counter to its roles in other cancer settings, promotes glioma cell and tumor growth and cellular resistance to targeted inhibitors of oncogenic RTKs, thus making SPRY2 and the cell signaling processes it regulates potential novel therapeutic targets in glioma. Mol Cancer Res; 13(8); 1227–37. ©2015 AACR.
Urinary Excretion of Buprenorphine, Norbuprenorphine, Buprenorphine-Glucuronide, and Norbuprenorphine-Glucuronide in Pregnant Women Receiving Buprenorphine Maintenance Treatment

Background: Buprenorphine (BUP) is under investigation as a medication therapy for opioid-dependent pregnant women. We investigated BUP and metabolite disposition in urine from women maintained on BUP during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and postpartum. Methods: We measured BUP, norbuprenorphine (NBUP), buprenorphine glucuronide (BUP-Gluc), and NBUP-Gluc concentrations in 515 urine specimens collected thrice weekly from 9 women during pregnancy and postpartum. Specimens were analyzed using a fully validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method with limits of quantification of 5 μg/L for BUP and BUP-Gluc and 25 μg/L for NBUP and its conjugated metabolite. We examined ratios of metabolites across trimesters and postpartum to identify possible changes in metabolism during pregnancy. Results: NBUP-Gluc was the primary metabolite identified in urine and exceeded BUP-Gluc concentrations in 99% of specimens. Whereas BUP-Gluc was identified in more specimens than NBUP, NBUP exceeded BUP-Gluc concentrations in 77.9% of specimens that contained both analytes. Among all participants, the mean BUP-Gluc:NBUP-Gluc ratio was significantly higher in the second trimester compared to the third trimester, and there were significant intrasubject differences between trimesters in 71% of participants. In 3 women, the percent daily dose excreted was higher during pregnancy than postpregnancy, consistent with other data indicating increased renal elimination of drugs during pregnancy. Conclusions: These data are the first to evaluate urinary disposition of BUP and metabolites in a cohort of pregnant women. Variable BUP excretion during pregnancy may indicate metabolic changes requiring dose adjustment during later stages of gestation. .
The marvels of electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures: novel microwave and optical applications

This invited plenary session paper highlights research activities at the author's laboratory at UCLA in the area of electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures. Specifically, an overview of a powerful computational engine utilizing finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique integrated with novel extrapolating algorithms is presented to extract and highlight the marvels of EBG structures. The objective is to provide an in-depth understanding of the EBG phenomena and present representative applications. Among the structures addressed in this presentation are: (a) frequency selective surface (FSS) structures, (b) PBG crystals, (c) smart surfaces for communication antenna applications, (d) surfaces with perfectly magnetic conducting properties (PMC), (e) creation of materials with negative permittivity and negative permeability, (f) surfaces with reduced edge diffraction effects and (g) reduction of mutual coupling among array antenna elements.
The Sarez-Pamir Earthquake and Landslide of 18 February 1911

A hundred years ago 2.4 cubic km of rock fell from a Pamir mountainside >700 m to the valley floor, releasing potential energy equivalent to an Mw 7.8 ± 0.1 earthquake. Its fall created the world’s highest dam, impounding a 17-km3 lake that remains to this day. Seismograms recorded in Europe and Asia registered an earthquake at the approximate time of the fall, and soon after the details of the landslide had been evaluated a controversy arose concerning whether these seismograms had recorded an earthquake that had triggered the landslide, or whether the seismograms had merely registered waves generated by the potential energy release of the landslide’s impact. Boris Galitzin (1915) reasoned that the radiated energy almost exactly equaled the potential energy released by the fall, and hence represented the unique case of the hypocenter and the epicenter being identical. Otto Klotz (1916) translated Galitzin’s article with a preface underlining its importance, and Harold Jeffreys, in a 1923 article, despite revealing flaws in Galitzin’s calculations, confirmed both the approximate coincidence in location of the two events and the equality of energy release computed by Galitzin. However, that same year Richard Oldham dismissed the implications of Jeffreys’s calculations, noting that the maximum epicentral damage was offset from the landslide and that the area of felt shaking was typical of a deep earthquake. Though Oldham’s arguments were eventually to win, it would take another decade before it was realized that it was the long duration of energy release in the landslide that accounted for its apparent absence in distant seismograms. The details of the causal earthquake, and the curious equality in landslide and earthquake energy, have never been fully resolved. We attempt to do so in this article. We quantify what is known of the earthquake and trace the history of …
Photometric Investigations of Precipitable Water and Optical Depth Wavelength Exponents in an Urban Area

Abstract A six-channel Volz sunphotometer was used in the St. Louis urban area during Project METROMEX 1976 to monitor aerosol loading and atmospheric precipitable water. A weighted least-square fit of photometric observations to spatially and temporarily proximate radiosonde measured precipitable water vapor has enabled determination of the exponent (1/1.993) in the precipitable water equation indicating compliance with the square-root absorption law of band models. Wavelength exponents calculated from least-square fits of water vapor transmission band optical depths to wavelengths have been found to be represented by α = 1.71 ± 0.54 for a set of 70 observations. Modal values of the wavelength exponent are centered at 1.60 and 1.90. Good agreement has been found between photometrically estimated aerosol distributions and in situ aircraft measured aerosol distribution daily trends.
User Exploration of Search Space Using Tradeoffs

We describe a system for representing search results as an interactive graph, in contrast to the common static representation as an ordered list. The search terms are represented as Key-Nodes, and the results are represented as connected Record-Nodes. The user can then explore tradeoffs by assigning different importance values to Key-Nodes. We suggest algorithms for placement of Record-Nodes in the graph to ensure both smooth change of the representation in response to changes in user preferences, and clustering of results. The work was implemented using Haskell and a client-side Web interface.
Implicit response : instructor values and social class in the literacy narrative assignment.

MPLICIT RESPONSE IN THE LITERACY NARRATIVE ASSIGNMENT: INSTRUCTOR VALUES AND SOCIAL CLASS Kara Poe Alexander May 13, 2006 My dissertation examines instructor responses to a popular personal writing assignment, the literacy narrative. Previous studies have shown this assignment to be popular with instructors because of the reflection it is thought to generate; however, nobody has yet looked at what instructors really mean by reflection. This study investigates what features of student texts instructors recognize as reflection. I collected literacy narratives and demographic questionnaires from students and surveys, assignments, think-alouds, and follow-up interviews from instructors. Personal writing, and the literacy narrative assignment in particular, can best be taught by highlighting the rhetorical capabilities of this genre. The results of the thinkalouds show that instructors most often consider analytical moves, such as cause-effect and evaluation, as reflection. This emphasis on cause-effect and evaluation arguments demonstrates that the focus of instructor assignments on description and other narrative elements is perhaps misdirected. Two other features also carried cultural capital with instructors but to a lesser extent than argumentative moves: literary elements, including vivid description and metaphoric language, and appeals to shared values. Instructors were more likely to flesh out the connections for students when value-appeals were present,
Security Management Regulations and Application Requirements of Medical Devices

This paper introduces safety management regulations and technical requirements of medical devices in China, Europe and the United States,and describes the requirements of registration approval, production quality management system and clinical use of medical devices to explore the safety management regulations use in clinical management of medical devices.
Application of Lung Function Test in Diagnosis and Treatment of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children

Objective To explore the changes of lung function in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP) and the responses to various treatments.Methods Ninety children with MPP from Mar.2007 to Jul.2008 were divided into observed 1 group and observed 2 group and in the mean time,45 healthy children matched to the observed group in age and sex acted as the control group.The patients in observed 1 group were treated with Azithromycin injection 10 mg/(kg·d),once per day for 3 weeks;and the patients in observed 2 group were treated with Montelukast on the basis of the treatment in observed 1 group.Both observed group and control group were detected for the lung function with the child lung function meter and followed for 6 months.Results The patients with MPP showed small airway obstruction and the lung function improved after treatment.The effective rate of observed 2 group was 97.78%.and that was 95.56% in observed 1 group,and the difference was not significant between 2 groups(P0.05).The course of disease was significantly shortened in observed 2 group [(7.27 ±1.44) d]compared with observed 1 group[(12.11 ±2.24) d] (P0.05).The liver and renal function of all children after treatment were not of significant difference compared with prior treatment(P0.05).Conclusions The lung function detection is important to the review of the effect of the patients with MPP;Montelukast,the leukotriene receptor antagonist,is very effective to shorten the course of disease,to reduce the frequency of recurrence and to improve the small airway function.
Labour market flexibility, employment and inequality: lessons from Chile

ABSTRACTFlexibility proponents assert that rigid Latin American labour markets impede economic expansion and job growth; they advocate reforming labour codes through increased flexibility. Critics argue that heightened labour flexibility exacerbates inequality without expanding employment. From this perspective, precarious employment and inequality are remedied by strengthening labour’s bargaining power. Chile’s maintenance of flexible labour reforms adopted during the dictatorship make it appropriate for evaluating these competing perspectives. Based on flexibility proponents’ predictions, we should expect increased formal sector employment over time, particularly among the least skilled Chilean workers, as well as reduced wage inequality. Yet, the rate of unemployment among least skilled workers in Chile remains essentially unchanged since the democratic transition as does income inequality. These conditions persist despite a high degree of labour market flexibility. Thus, Chile’s continued adherence to...
Reconsidering Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Bipolar Disorder: A Translational Picture

Inflammation is an important mediator of pathophysiology in bipolar disorder. The omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolic pathways participate in several inflammatory processes and have been linked through epidemiologic and clinical studies to bipolar disorder and its response to treatment. We review the proposed role of PUFA metabolism in neuroinflammation, modulation of brain PUFA metabolism by antimanic medications in rodent models, and anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapy in bipolar disorder and in major depressive disorder (MDD). Although the convergence of findings between preclinical and postmortem clinical data is compelling, we investigate why human trials of PUFA as treatment are mixed. We view the biomarker and treatment study findings in light of the evidence for the hypothesis that arachidonic acid hypermetabolism contributes to bipolar disorder pathophysiology and propose that a combined high n-3 plus low n-6 diet should be tested as an adjunct to current medication in future trials.
Radiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer

Abstract The treatment of locally advanced esophageal cancer is controversial. For patients who are candidates for surgical resection, multiple prospective clinical trials have demonstrated the advantages of neoadjuvant chemoradiation. For patients who are medically inoperable, definitive chemoradiation is an alternative approach with survival rates comparable to trimodality therapy. Although trials of dose escalation are ongoing, the standard radiation dose remains 50.4 Gy. Modern radiotherapy techniques such as image-guided radiation therapy with motion management and intensity-modulated radiation therapy are strongly encouraged with a planning objective to maximize conformity to the intended target volume while reducing dose delivered to uninvolved normal tissues.
Élie Halévy and French socialist liberalism

Elie Halevy (1870–1937) is best known in the Anglo-American world for his volumes on British Utilitarianism and his multi-volume history of England during the nineteenth century. His reputation in ...
Development of a Reliability Test Profile for an ECM Pod Based on Measured Flight Conditions

A test profile was developed to evaluate the reliability of an electronic countermeasures (ECM) pod. The profile combines air and liquid temperature cycling and various vibroacoustic levels to duplicate measured inflight thermal and vibratory response of the ALQ-184 ECM pod.An ALQ-184 ECM pod was equipped with an environmental data collection system that included 25 thermal sensors, 18 vibration sensors, and a telemetry system to allow real-time monitoring of response levels during captive flight. The pod was flown on F-4, F-16, and A-10 aircraft at Eglin Air Force Base (AFB) under typical operation mission conditions.Thermal and vibration response date were analyzed, and a reliability test profile was developed that simulates operational mission conditions for the F-4, F-16, and A-10 aircraft. The test profile is expressed in terms of pod response and is based on using temperature-conditioned air to provide the thermal response of printed wiring assemblies, temperature-conditioned liquid to provide the t...
Comparison of techniques for model order reduction of frequency-dependent networks

The constant increase in complexity and functionality of integrated circuit (IC) systems has resulted in large-scale systems that require advanced techniques for simulation at the verification stage. Signal integrity analysis has become more crucial in helping reduce time and production manufacturing costs. This is particularly critical for high-speed networks with transmission-line where crosstalk, skin effect, dispersion and jitter, often lead to malfunction and faulty products. From a circuit analysis perspective, the dynamical order of such systems is in principle infinity. Moreover, the number of ports of such systems can be in the hundreds which makes the analysis of such networks prohibitive. Model order reduction (MOR) has been used not only to reduce the size of the problem but to extract an optimum, relatively smaller system or macro-model for time-domain simulations. This paper explores two of the currently most popular techniques for performing MOR, namely, the Vector Fitting and Loewner Matrix methods. A comparison between the two methods is drawn and some examples are illustrated.
Fun and games

Game Changers, the English translation of Rudolph Taschner9s 2015 Die Mathematik Des Daseins, is loosely structured into a series of fictionalized vignettes about game playing that rely on invented conversations and dramatized interactions to tell the story of the early days of game theory.
Characteristics of multi-institutional health sciences education research: a systematic review

Objectives: Multi-institutional research increases the generalizability of research findings. However, little is known about characteristics of collaborations across institutions in health sciences education research. Using a systematic review process, the authors describe characteristics of published, peer-reviewed multi-institutional health sciences education research to inform educators who are considering such projects. Methods: Two medical librarians searched MEDLINE, the Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), EMBASE, and CINAHL databases for English-language studies published between 2004 and 2013 using keyword terms related to multi-institutional systems and health sciences education. Teams of two authors reviewed each study and resolved coding discrepancies through consensus. Collected data points included funding, research network involvement, author characteristics, learner characteristics, and research methods. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: One hundred eighteen of 310 articles met inclusion criteria. Sixty-three (53%) studies received external and/or internal financial support (87% listed external funding, 37% listed internal funding). Forty-five funded studies involved graduate medical education programs. Twenty (17%) studies involved a research or education network. Eighty-five (89%) publications listed an author with a master’s degree or doctoral degree. Ninety-two (78%) studies were descriptive, whereas 26 studies (22%) were experimental. The reported study outcomes were changes in student attitude (38%; n=44), knowledge (26%; n=31), or skill assessment (23%; n=27), as well as patient outcomes (9%; n=11). Conclusions: Multi-institutional descriptive studies reporting knowledge or attitude outcomes are highly published. Our findings indicate that funding resources are not essential to successfully undertake multi-institutional projects. Funded studies were more likely to originate from graduate medical or nursing programs.
Corrected QT Interval Prolongation in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients Receiving Methadone.

Objectives:Methadone is often used in pediatric patients to prevent or treat opioid withdrawal after prolonged sedation. Prolonged corrected QT interval is an important adverse effect of methadone because it can progress to torsades de pointes, a potentially fatal dysrhythmia. The prevalence of corr
Biblical Servant Leadership

So what is biblical servant leadership? There are several concepts that need attention in their connections between servant leadership and the teachings of Scripture. These are issues like humility, love, self-issues, confidence, as well as issues of ontology and how to teach servant leadership. In this study, Scripture has nuanced, expanded, and even critiqued the contemporary model of servant leadership. It is here that the virtue model of servant leadership is expanded based upon the biblical perspective that has the wisdom of antiquity as well as divine insights. This model has three stages of preparation for leadership that is personal and ontological; it brings real change to the person. The first stage is foundational with several ingredients for development and even keys for the process itself. The second stage is the process of leadership, and it includes virtues like the contemporary theory of servant leadership. However, it adds other attributes of leadership related to authority, guidance, and gifting. Then there is a final stage or third stage at the end of the leadership term, but it impacts how one leads in the second stage. Together this forms a robust though complicated model for biblical servant leadership.