cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pharewell to Phishing

The conventional wisdom has always been that users should refrain from entering their sensitive data (such as usernames, passwords, and credit card numbers) into http(or white) pages, but they can enter these data into https (or yellow) pages. Unfortunately, this assumption is not valid as it became clear recently that, through human mistakes or Phishing or Pharming attacks, a displayed yellow page may not be the same one that the user has intended to request in the first place. In this paper, we propose to add a third class of secure web pages called brown pages. We show that brown pages are more secure than yellow pages especially in face of human mistakes and Phishing and Pharming attacks. Thus users can enter their sensitive data into brown pages without worry. We present a login protocol, called the Transport Login Protocol or TLP for short. An https web page that is displayed on the browser is classified brown by the browser if and only if this web page has been called into the browser either through TLP or from within another brown page that had been called earlier into the browser through TLP.
Functional mapping of the translation-dependent instability element of yeast MATalpha1 mRNA

The determinants of mRNA stability include specific cis-acting destabilizing sequences located within mRNA coding and noncoding regions. We have developed an approach for mapping coding-region instability sequences in unstable yeast mRNAs that exploits the link between mRNA translation and turnover and the dependence of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay on the activity of the UPF1 gene product. This approach, which involves the systematic insertion of in-frame translational termination codons into the coding sequence of a gene of interest in a upf1delta strain, differs significantly from conventional methods for mapping cis-acting elements in that it causes minimal perturbations to overall mRNA structure. Using the previously characterized MATalpha1 mRNA as a model, we have accurately localized its 65-nucleotide instability element (IE) within the protein coding region. Termination of translation 5' to this element stabilized the MATalpha1 mRNA two- to threefold relative to wild-type transcripts. Translation through the element was sufficient to restore an unstable decay phenotype, while internal termination resulted in different extents of mRNA stabilization dependent on the precise location of ribosome stalling. Detailed mutagenesis of the element's rare-codon/AU-rich sequence boundary revealed that the destabilizing activity of the MATalpha1 IE is observed when the terminal codon of the element's rare-codon interval is translated. This region of stability transition corresponds precisely to a MATalpha1 IE sequence previously shown to be complementary to 18S rRNA. Deletion of three nucleotides 3' to this sequence shifted the stability boundary one codon 5' to its wild-type location. Conversely, constructs containing an additional three nucleotides at this same location shifted the transition downstream by an equivalent sequence distance. Our results suggest a model in which the triggering of MATalpha1 mRNA destabilization results from establishment of an interaction between translating ribosomes and a downstream sequence element. Furthermore, our data provide direct molecular evidence for a relationship between mRNA turnover and mRNA translation.
Child-related and Parenting Stress: Similarities and Differences Between Mothers and Fathers of Children With Disabilities

Data concerning similarities and differences in child-related and parenting stress between mothers and fathers of 121 toddlers with disabilities were presented. Fathers reported more stress related to their child's temperament and their relationship to their child. Mothers reported more stress from the personal consequences of parenting. Differences between mothers and fathers regarding the most powerful predictors of child-related and parenting stress were also found. Fathers were more sensitive to the effects of the family environment, whereas mothers were more affected by their personal support networks. The implications for early intervention services were discussed.
Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism of Escherichia coli XV. Biochemical Properties of Mutants Resistant to Thiaisoleucine

Thiaisoleucine-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli strain K-12 which exhibited reduced isoleucyl soluble ribonucleic acid synthetase activity were isolated. Resistance was apparently achieved by the selection of a synthetase with a 10-fold decrease in apparent affinity for thiaisoleucine. This mutation also resulted in a 2.5-fold decrease in apparent affinity for the natural substrate, l-isoleucine, and less activity than found in wild type. The mutants grew more slowly than wild type and were derepressed for three of the five enzymes in the pathways to isoleucine and valine.
Rituals of National Loyalty: An Anthropology of the State and the Village Scout Movement in Thailand

Rituals of National Loyalty: An Anthropology of the State and the Village Scout Movement in Thailand. Katherine A. Bowie. New York: Columbia University- Press, 1997.
Examining the relationship between international aid and mangrove deforestation in coastal Ecuador from 1970 to 2006

Since the early 1970s, coastal Ecuador has experienced significant mangrove deforestation, largely attributed to shrimp aquaculture. However, the area of mangrove lost has not been definitively quantified, and several different and conflicting estimates exist in the literature. Furthermore, it has been proposed that development aid has been the primary financial support for aquaculture projects that contribute to mangrove deforestation – and the resultant environmental, ecological, and socioeconomic degradation. We utilize Geographic Information Systems, remotely sensed satellite imagery, aerial photography, and topographic maps to quantify annual and total mangrove loss in five Ecuadorian estuaries. We then use the AidData database to statistically evaluate the relationship between international aid and mangrove deforestation in Ecuador's coastal provinces from 1970 to 2006.
AUSM(ALE)

A geometrically conservative one-dimensional (1D) arbitrary Lagrangian? Eulerian (ALE) version of the advective upstream splitting method (AUSM) shock capturing scheme is presented. The spatial discretization is based on a modified form of AUSM which splits the flux vector according to the eigenvalues of the compressible Euler system in ALE form and recovers the original flux vector splitting in the absence of grid movement. The generalized form of AUSM is given the name AUSM(ALE). Extension to second-order accuracy is achieved by a piecewise linear reconstruction of the dependent variables with total variation diminishing limiting of slopes. The ALE formulation is completed by incorporating an implicit time-averaged normals form of the geometric conservation law for cylindrically and spherically symmetric time-dependent finite volumes which is valid for any two-level time-integration method. The effectiveness of the method for both fixed and moving grids is demonstrated via several 1D test problems including a standard shock tube problem and an infinite strength reflected shock problem. The method is then applied to a benchmark spherically symmetric underwater explosion problem to demonstrate the efficacy of the numerical procedure for problems of this type. In the two-phase detonation problem the spherical surface separating the expanding detonation-products gas bubble and the surrounding water is explicitly tracked as a Lagrangian surface using AUSM(ALE) in conjunction with appropriate equations of state describing the detonation-products gas and water phases. The basic features of the spherically symmetric detonation problem are discussed such as shock/free-surface interaction and late time hydrodynamics.
Predictors of the outcome of transsphenoidal surgery for prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas.

Sixty-seven women who underwent transsphenoidal resection of PRL-secreting pituitary adenomas between 1976 and 1979 were separated into categories according to the manner of their clinical presentation. Forty-one had oral contraceptive-related onset of amenorrhea-galactorrhea, 5 had pregnancy-related onset of amenorrhea-galactorrhea, 5 had primary amenorrhea, and 16 had the spontaneous onset of amenorrheagalactorrhea unrelated to estrogen use. Surgical success, defined as the resumption of regular menses and normalization of serum PRL concentration, was achieved in 54% of those with estrogenrelated onset of amenorrhea-galactorrhea compared with 19% in the other group. The analysis of multiple preoperative features, including clinical classification, age, preoperative PRL concentration, and duration of amenorrhea-galactorrhea by logistic regression, demonstrated that the clinical classification was the most important factor in predicting the outcome of transsphenoidal surgery. It should be a prime consider...
Variations in Patterns of Lateral Asymmetry among Dextrals

Evidence supporting individual variations in patterns of hemispheric involvement in the recognition of visuo-spatial and verbal stimuli among dextrals is reported. In Experiment 1, subjects' asymmetry scores on a task that was nonlateralized for the group as a whole were significantly correlated with their asymmetry scores on right-hemisphere-specialized tasks, including face recognition. In Experiment 2, subjects' asymmetry scores on a task that was nonlateralized for the group as a whole were significantly correlated with their asymmetry scores on a left-hemisphere-specialized word recognition task. These results suggest that individual dextrals' asymmetry scores on lateralized tasks are a joint function of a subject's underlying hemispheric specialization for that task and stable individual variations in asymmetric hemispheric reliance.
Age and gender effects on the Assessment of Spirituality and Religious Sentiments (ASPIRES) scale: A cross-sectional analysis

Research literature suggests that there are age and gender effects on numinous constructs, but little is known about how spirituality and religiousness evolve over time and differ between genders. The purpose of this study was to determine whether observed gender and age effects would be evidenced on the Assessment of Spirituality and Religious Sentiments (ASPIRES) and whether the underlying factor structure of the ASPIRES was consistent across age and gender groups. These sample data (N 1,534 women and 697 men) demonstrated that (a) there are significant age and gender effects on the ASPIRES scales, and (b) the underlying factor structure of the scales remains unchanged in all groups, suggesting that the groups appear to understand and experience spirituality and religiousness in a similar manner. The results of this study demonstrate that although the expression of spirituality and religious sentiments may vary across age and between genders, the fundamental meaning of these constructs remains the same.
PERCEPOLIS: Pervasive Cyberinfrastructure for Personalized Learning and Instructional Support

This paper describes PERCEPOLIS, an educational platform that leverages technological advances, in particular in pervasive computing, to facilitate personalized learning in higher education, while supporting a networked curricular model. Fundamental to PERCEPOLIS is the modular approach to course development. Blended instruction, where students are responsible for perusing certain learning objects outside of class, used in conjunction with the cyberinfrastructure will allow the focus of face-to-face meetings to shift from lecture to active learning, interactive problem-solving, and reflective instructional tasks. The novelty of PERCEPOLIS lies in its ability to leverage pervasive and ubiquitous computing and communication through the use of intelligent software agents that use a student’s academic profile and interests, as well as supplemental information such as his or her learning style, to customize course content. Assessments that gauge the student’s mastery of concepts are used to allow self-paced progression through the course. Furthermore, the cyberinfrastructure facilitates the collection of data on student performance and learning at a resolution that far exceeds what is currently available. We believe that such an infrastructure will accelerate the acquisition of knowledge and skills critical to professional engineering practice, while facilitating the study of how this acquisition comes about, yielding insights that may lead to significant changes in pedagogy.
Cloning and Expression of a Receptor for an Insecticidal Toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis

Environmentally friendly toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis are effective in controlling agriculturally and biomedically harmful insects. However, little is known about the insect receptor molecules that bind these toxins and the mechanism of insecticidal activity. We report here for the first time the cloning and expression of a cDNA that encodes a receptor (BT-R1) of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta for an insecticidal toxin of B. thuringiensis. The receptor is a 210-kDa membrane glycoprotein that specifically binds the cryIA(b) toxin of B. thuringiensis subsp. berliner and leads to death of the hornworm. BT-R1 shares sequence similarity with the cadherin superfamily of proteins.
Phonon damping of the electron-hole droplet motion

Abstract We report on a study of phenomena limiting the motion of electron-hole droplets in Ge. The role of screening of the carrier-phonon interaction in the droplet by the carriers making up the droplet is examined using a Hartree approximation. We consider damping of the droplet motion for droplet velocities both greater and less than the sound velocity.
A Simplified Method of Preparing Schumann Plates

A technique for preparing durable Schumann plates is described enabling them to be prepared with comparative ease. A new method of supersensitizing, and various technical points relating to their handling are summarized.
Asymptotic approximations in radome analysis

A detailed analysis is presented of assumptions and limitations of physical optics and stationary phase techniques for radome analysis. A two-dimensional ogival structure with an electric or magnetic line source inside is investigated. A method-of-moments analysis using J.H. Richmond's (1965) polarization current technique is performed to obtain reference results. Physical optics, uniform geometrical theory of diffraction, and stationary phase techniques of order 1 and 2 are analyzed. >
Correlation of the physiologic parameters of a continuous ramp versus an incremental James exercise protocol in normal children

Abstract Until recently, all clinically available exercise protocols involved steady-state or incremental increases in work load. 1 In these protocols, the subject exercises against a predetermined and unchanging work load or exercises with the work load increasing in a continuous stepwise fashion. These protocols were designed so that the subject would be at or near steady state when physiologic parameters were measured. This was especially important in the past when only a limited number of points by Douglas bag collection of respiratory gases were obtainable to assess the patient's physiology. Today, with the use of computer systems interfaced to rapid gas analyzers, this limitation in the number of data points collected no longer exists. However, the small number of work loads assessed and the size of the step increments limit these protocols. These limitations are especially significant in small children or children with moderate to severe exercise intolerance. By starting at zero watts (unloaded pedalling) and continuously increasing the work load in small increments, a ramp protocol alleviates these problems. The ramp protocol, however, introduces a new problem. The patient is never at a steady state when physiologic parameters are measured. To assess the effects of a non-steady-state exercise protocol on physiologic parameters, we compared the responses of normal children to both a continuously increasing non-steady-state ramp protocol and the standard incremental “steady state” James 2–4 protocol.
SIT vidicon with magnetic intensifier for astronomical use.

We have coupled a magnetic intensifier to an intensified silicon target vidicon. The output and controls are digital and designed to optimize the computer analysis of the astronomical data. A coarse sweep 128 × 128 lines gives a large (≃ 10:1) pixel to pixel modulation. Photoelectron noise is comparable to readout noise. Tube preparation is by a single light flash, ten beam erases, and a shift in cathode potential before integrate. The real time numerical picture analysis programs find stars, integrate their intensity, determine background, calculate variations, etc. and, in general, are far more useful than visual displays. Star intensities are linear with integrate time and reproducible to 3%.
Uncertainty in seismic slope deformation model predictions

In this article we examine how variability in driving and resisting force parameters together translate into uncertainty in seismic slope deformation predictions. Predictive uncertainty of the Newmark rigid-block and Makdisi–Seed decoupled deformation-based methods was evaluated by performing a series of probabilistic Monte Carlo simulations for two idealized slope models. Results from these analyses demonstrate that the highly non-linear relationship between acceleration ratio and displacement associated with the deformation models dictates the way in which parametric variability is propagated through the analysis and can lead to varying degrees of uncertainty in the deformation predictions. Based on this observation, three zones along the displacement-acceleration ratio relationship were identified according to their relative degree of non-linearity and correlated with their relative influence on predictive uncertainty; these are: (i) highly uncertain, (ii) moderately uncertain and (iii) low uncertainty. Using this framework, the widely held notion of a generic “order-of-magnitude” estimate for deformation predictions is a misnomer. Based on this, it is recommended that realistic levels of parametric variability be incorporated in the seismic slope deformation analysis to establish the operating conditions of the slope system. Slopes identified as highly uncertain or moderately uncertain require a more robust probabilistic analyses to meaningfully interpret poorly constrained deformation predictions.
Cognitive Therapy and Theories of Knowing: A Social Constructionist View

It is argued that current theory and practice of cognitive therapy are encapsulated by a set of epistemic values that assign causative primacy for psychological problems to the cognitive processes of the individual knower. Social contructionism represents an alternative to this state of affairs by underscoring the inextricable connection between the personal and the social, challenging the merit of decontextualized accounts of psychological problems, and identifying empowerment and social change as viable therapeutic options.
PET: other thoracic malignancies

The vast majority of esophageal cancers are fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avid; the primary use for positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with esophageal cancer is in the detection of distant metastases, because known distant metastatic disease precludes surgical resection. High standardized uptake values (SUVs) may be predictive of poor prognosis. PET findings may be used to assess therapy response and evaluate for esophageal tumor recurrence after treatment. PET findings may be non-specific in different types of thymic lesions, although thymic carcinomas tend to be extremely FDG avid. PET can be helpful in detecting distant spread from invasive thymomas and thymic carcinomas. Similarly, PET may be used to assess the extent of disease in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma, thereby facilitating optimal therapy approaches.
Reproductive tract infections in a family planning population in rural Bangladesh.

The prevalence of symptoms of reproductive tract infections (RTIs) among users of various contraceptive methods and nonusers was investigated in a population-based study conducted in rural Bangladesh. Overall 22% of the 2929 women surveyed reported symptoms of RTI. Of the 472 symptomatic women examined 68% had clinical or laboratory evidence of infection. The symptom most commonly reported (97%) was abnormal discharge. Among the 2726 women who could be classified as users of a single method the percentage of women reporting symptoms varied by contraceptive method. IUD users and tubectomized women were 4 times more likely than nonusers to report abnormal discharge of lower abdominal pain while users of hormonal methods were 1.6 times more likely to report these symptoms. Among women who had a confirmed RTI 24% were tubectomized and 22% were IUD users compared to rates of 5.6% in users of hormonal contraception and 3.5% among nonusers. This suggests that tubectomized women and IUD users are 7 times more likely to have a confirmed RTI than nonusers. Multivariate analysis indicated that current birth control method materials used during menses prior contraceptive method use and duration of current method use were the only factors significantly associated with the increased risk of infection. IUD users and tubectomized women were most likely to have lower tract infection both when considered as all types of vaginitis and when limited to infections such as gonococcal and chlamydial cervicitis that can ascend into the upper tract. A major limitation of this study is that for cultural reasons only symptomatic women could be referred for examination. In addition 24% of the symptomatic women refused examination. These findings suggest that family planning services in Bangladesh are associated with mild and reversible yet relatively common RTI. While this morbidity is outweighed by the benefits of family planning clinics should make an effort to provide accurate diagnosis and treatment of RTIs and to discuss method-associated side effects.
Muon spin depolarization in nonmagnetic metals doped with paramagnettc impurities

The diffusion of muons and their magnetic interactions are treated by describing the physics to be learned from experiments which measure muon depolarization in metallic hosts doped with dilute concentrations of magnetic impurities. (GHT)
Application of distubance metrics for reducing impacts of energy storage charging in an MVDC based IPS

The goal of the study in this paper is to analyze the impact of charging an energy storage supplying power to the pulsed power load in an integrated power system onboard a ship. The work in this paper focuses on developing a disturbance metrics based control scheme for maintaining the optimal balance between the rapidity of ES charging and meeting the power quality requirements, at the same time, for a Medium Voltage Direct Current (MVDC) based IPS.
On the effects of a periodic, spanwise variation of suction upon asymptotic suction flow

The effects of superposing streamwise vorticity, periodic in the lateral direction, upon two-dimensional asymptotic suction flow are analyzed. Such vorticity, generated by prescribing a spanwise variation in the suction velocity, is known to play an important role in unstable and turbulent boundary layers. The flow induced by the variation has been obtained for a freestream velocity which (i) is steady, (ii) oscillates periodically in time, (iii) changes impulsively from rest. For the oscillatory case it is shown that a frequency can exist which maximizes the induced, unsteady wall shear stress for a given spanwise period. For steady flow the heat transfer to, or from a wall at constant temperature has also been computed.
Consultation-Liaison Psychiatrists on Bioethics Committees: Opportunities for Academic Leadership

This article briefly reviews the history of the relationship between psychiatry and the leadership of ethics committees as a background for examining appropriate educational initiatives to adequately prepare residents and early career psychiatrists to serve as leaders of ethics committees. A Medline review of literature on psychiatry and ethics committees and consultation as well as recent survey data from the Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine indicate that psychosomatic medicine psychiatrists are particularly qualified and interested in serving as chairs of ethics committees. The authors compare knowledge and skills obtained in psychiatric training with the Society for Heath and Human Values and the Society for Bioethics Consultation Task Force on standards for ethics consultation proposed as core competencies for ethics committee leadership. Psychiatric residency and fellowship training in psychosomatic medicine can provide the knowledge and skill sets to meet the standards for ethics consultation. Further professional development through pursuit of formal ethics training, advance degrees in bioethics, mentoring, and residency and felloships focus on ethics and enhance competency, confidence, and the skills required for ethics committee leadership. Academic psychiatrists, particularly those in psychosomatic medicine, have historically made a significant contribution as chairs of ethics committees. Continuation and expansion of this leadership may require interested psychiatrists to obtain additional training in bioethics.
Similarities and contradictions in the core logic of three strategy research streams

The logical foundations shaping three prominent streams of strategic management thought are summarized and then compared and contrasted. The intent is to determine whether these research streams are restatements of a single core logic using different terms to describe the same phenomena and relationships, or whether they provide alternate, and potentially competing, explanations for effective strategic action. Analysis reveals some concordant assertions, some similarities across pairs of frameworks, and some fundamental contradictions among the various logic sets. Since key elements in the fundamental premises of each research stream present logical contradictions with each of the other two, a strategy derived from an integration of these perspectives creates inconsistencies in a firm’s enacted context, its assumptions about strategy making, and its administrative arrangements. As circumstances change, a firm may be required to undergo a ‘core logic shift’ to maintain consistency between its strategy and its strategic context. When a shift becomes necessary, a firm needs to overcome structural inertia, competitive inertia, organizational momentum, and its current management logic to maintain internal consistency. Additional implications of the comparison of these three logics for both theory and practice are discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Promoting Sexual Health Among MSM Online: A Hepatitis Campaign Comparison Study

Men who have sex with men (MSM) have a high risk for acquiring some sexually transmitted infections, including HIV and viral hepatitis A and B. Little is known about how to design effective sexual health educational materials to reach MSM. As part of a project to develop online educational materials to increase MSM's readiness to get hepatitis A and B vaccinations, three health promotion campaigns were evaluated—using quantitative and qualitative methods—by 41 MSM. Preferences about content, layout, visuals, dissemination sites, motivational messages, and memorable materials were collected and then descriptively and content analyzed. This information is useful for social service professionals to reach their clients who are at risk. Also, understanding how to motivate vaccination among MSM will pave the way as HPV and HIV vaccinations become available.
A Comparative Study of Adolescents' Perceptions of Normal-Speaking and Dysarthric Children.

The purpose of this investigation was to compare adolescents' perceptions of the nonspeech characteristics of dysarthric and normal speakers. Recordings of six three-word phrases produced by 16 speakers, eight cerebral palsied and eight normal-speaking children, were presented to 19 students for judgments of nonspeech characteristics on a semantic differential scale containing 22 bipolar adjective pairs. Results of their ratings indicated that for all 22 adjective pairs the normal speakers were judged more positively than the dysarthric speakers. Moreover, the differences in listeners' ratings between the two speaker groups were statistically significant for all adjective pairs. Implications of these findings and their comparison to the judgments of peer and adult listeners are discussed.
Interactions between ions and the axon plasma membrane: Effects of cations and anions on the axonal cholinergic binding macromolecule of lobster nerves

It has been demonstrated that cations and ions interact directly with the axonal cholinergic binding macromolecule (ACBM) from lobster walking leg nerves. This interaction results in an increased affinity for binding of [3H] nicotine. The action sequence for the enhancement effect is Na+>K+>Li+>Rb+>Cs+ while the anion sequence is I−>Br−>Cl−>F−. These results have been interpreted in terms of Eisenman's theory of equilibrium cation specificity in an attempt to acquire information about the ion binding sites on the ACBM. The mechanism of the enhancement of nicotine binding to the ACBM may serve as a model for studying the conformational changes arising from binding of ions to axonal macromolecules.
Cocaine use among adolescents: longitudinal associations with social context, psychopathology, and use of other substances.

Abstract Cocaine use has become a significant personal and social problem among all segments of American society. This study uses longitudinal data obtained over a 5-year period from a sample of 847 adolescents to examine numerous antecedents, consequences, and concomitants of cocaine use. Over the 5-year period, significant increases in actual use and social context of use were evident, with 15% of the 17–19 year-olds reporting they had been “super high or stoned” on cocaine at least once. Path analytic models were used to examine the impact of intentions and social context variables (e.g., peer use) on self-use over time, as well as to study the effects of earlier use of alcohol and cannabis on subsequent use of cocaine. Self-reported use of cocaine was highly predictive of use of many other drug substances. Intent to use cocaine is associated with several personality traits. With one exception, measures of psychopathology were not predictive of, nor influenced by, cocaine use over a 1-year period. However, depression did lead to increased cocaine use over this period of time. Finally, income from salaries and gifts was predictive of current cocaine use to a small but significant degree.
Prediction of outcome of fetal congenital heart disease using a cardiovascular profile score

Objectives Congestive heart failure in fetuses with congenital heart defects (CHD) is associated with high perinatal mortality. The clinical condition can be characterized by five ultrasound markers that comprise the 10-point cardiovascular profile (CVP) score. Our aim was to assess the value of the CVP score in evaluating the condition and in maintaining surveillance of fetuses with CHD. Methods We evaluated retrospectively 131 singleton pregnancies with a diagnosis of fetal CHD, which had been assessed by serial echocardiographic examinations, during which the CVP score was obtained. Fetal and neonatal outcomes, including perinatal mortality and Apgar scores, were assessed. Results Fetuses with a final CVP score ≤ 7 were statistically significantly more likely to suffer mortality than were fetuses with a final CVP score ≥ 8 (87.5% vs. 15.2% mortality; P < 0.0001, chi square = 24.5). Significance was maintained after controlling for birth weight, lag time between the final examination and delivery and the dichotomized 5-min Apgar score (odds ratio, 22.3; P = 0.024). For low Apgar score and mortality, the CVP score had low sensitivity (0.25 and 0.27, respectively) but high specificity (0.98 and 0.99, respectively). The presence of hydrops and severe cardiomegaly were statistically significantly associated with mortality (P < 0.05). Conclusions Fetuses with CHD and a CVP score below 8 are at risk of perinatal death. The CVP score may be used to assess the severity of fetal CHD and to plan perinatal management. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gamma Interferon and Interleukin-1 Receptor 1 Regulate Neutrophil Recruitment to the Corneal Stroma in a Murine Model of Onchocerca volvulus Keratitis

Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is an essential mediator of corneal inflammation induced by the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus, which harbors endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria. TLR2 is also required for dendritic cell activation, gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production, and neutrophil recruitment to the cornea. To examine the role of IFN-γ in O. volvulus keratitis, C57BL/6 and IFN-γ−/− mice were immunized subcutaneously, and a soluble antigen extract from O. volvulus adult worms (OvAg) was injected into the corneal stroma of each animal. We found that, in the absence of IFN-γ, neutrophil recruitment to the cornea was significantly impaired, whereas there was no effect on eosinophil infiltration. Since the cornea contains resident macrophages and fibroblasts and our previous studies showed that CXC chemokines mediate neutrophil recruitment, we examined the role of recombinant IFN-γ (rIFN-γ) on each cell type. We found no effect of rIFN-γ on CXC chemokine production by macrophages or corneal fibroblasts, either alone or with filarial extracts; in contrast, rIFN-γ was found to enhance OvAg-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1α, and IL-1β in macrophages. Furthermore, we found that rTNF-α, rIL-1α, or rIL-1β induced CXC chemokine production by corneal fibroblasts but not by macrophages. To determine the relative contributions of endogenous cytokines, we injected OvAg into the corneal stroma of C57BL/6, IL-1 receptor 1−/− (IL-1R1−/−), and TNF-αR1/2−/− mice and examined neutrophil recruitment. We found that neutrophil infiltration was impaired in IL-1R1−/− mice but not in TNF-αR1/2−/− mice. IFN-γ therefore appears to regulate neutrophil recruitment to the corneal stroma by enhancing TLR2 expression and OvAg-induced IL-1α and IL-1β production by macrophages in the cornea, which then induce IL-1R1-dependent production of CXC chemokine by resident corneal fibroblasts.
An Evaluation Of Photochromic And Photodichroic Materials For Write, Read, Erase Applications

Two erasable optical recording materials were evaluated for use in direct digital spot recording systems: a photodichroic from Corning and a photochromic from Plessey. The materials were tested in a static system to isolate the material parameters from the system characteristics. Both materials have potential for data storage applications. The photodichroic has the sensitivity, frequency response and noise characteristics for direct spot recording and has an amplitude readout mode. The photochromic has the necessary recording properties but requires a phase readout system. For both materials, the coating parameters must be optimized to meet the specific system requirements.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Collective Indigenous Rights and Global Social Movements in the Face of Global Development: From Resistance to Social Change

Most traditional indigenous peoples continue to value collective rights and mutual obligations in contrast to the growing efforts of various global and national organizations to promote individual ...
Contacts between membrane proximal regions of the PDGF receptor ectodomain are required for receptor activation but not for receptor dimerization

The mechanism of PDGF-receptor β (PDGFRβ) activation was explored by analyzing the properties of mutant receptors designed based on the crystal structure of the extracellular region of the related receptor tyrosine kinase KIT/stem cell factor receptor. Here, we demonstrate that PDGF-induced activation of a PDGFRβ mutated in Arg-385 or Glu-390 in D4 (the fourth Ig-like domain of the extracellular region) was compromised, resulting in impairment of a variety of PDGF-induced cellular responses. These experiments demonstrate that homotypic D4 interactions probably mediated by salt bridges between Arg-385 and Glu-390 play an important role in activation of PDGFRβ and all type III receptor tyrosine kinases. We also used a chemical cross-linking agent to covalently cross-link PDGF-stimulated cells to demonstrate that a Glu390Ala mutant of PDGFRβ undergoes typical PDGF-induced receptor dimerization. However, unlike WT PDGFR that is expressed on the surface of ligand-stimulated cells in an active state, PDGF-induced Glu390Ala dimers are inactive. Although the conserved amino acids that are required for mediating D4 homotypic interactions are crucial for PDGFRβ activation, these interactions are dispensable for PDGFRβ dimerization. Moreover, PDGFRβ dimerization is necessary but not sufficient for tyrosine kinase activation.
Modeling light propagation in semiconductor-based luminescent solar concentrators

Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) convert sunlight to electricity. We study light propagation in LSCs that contain semiconductor nanoparticles. We use radiative transport theory to predict the LSCs’ performance and their optimal design parameters. In particular, a luminescent radiative transport theory is proposed that can take the reabsorption effects into account accurately. The computational results based on radiative transport theory are studied in detail and compared with Monte Carlo simulations for photon transport. The results of this study will aid the development of highly-efficient LSCs.
Polyamine biosynthesis and DNA synthesis in cultured mammary gland explants from virgin mice.

The mammary cells in virgin mice are essentially non-proliferative, but they can be induced to undergo DNA synthesis in vitro in the presence of insulin. Time course studies on polyamine biosynthesis and DNA synthesis showed that insulin elicits sequential stimulation of the activity of the polyamine biosynthetic enzymes, ornithine decarboxylase, S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) and spermidine synthase, and an increase in the concentration of spermidine prior to the augmentation of DNA synthesis. At 48 to 72 hours of culture when DNA synthesis is maximal, the concentration of spermidine increased 2− to 3-fold, whereas the level of spermine remained unchanged. Addition of methyl glyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (5—10 μM), a potent inhibitor of SAMDC, to the medium at the onset of culture resulted in inhibition of spermidine formation and DNA synthesis, but when added at 24 hours or 48 hours of culture, the inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis was greatly reduced. The drug, however, produced little inhibition of RNA and protein synthesis. Inhibition of DNA synthesis by the drug can be reversed by addition of spermidine or other polyamines such as putrescine, cadaverine and spermine to the culture. Spermidine is, however, the only polyamine that is effective at physiological concentrations (100∼150 pmoles/mg tissue). These results suggest a possibility that spermidine may play a key role in the regulation of mammary cell proliferation.
Plasmids for the in vitro analysis of RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription based on a G-free template

Described are a series of plasmids containing combinations of adenovirus-2 major late promoter elements, including consensus TATA box and initiator, upstream of G-free transcription cassettes of various lengths. These provide an assortment of tools for investigating both basal and regulated transcription mechanisms by in vitro transcription methods.
Infrared imaging system using nanocarbon materials

Nanocarbon materials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, can potentially overcome the short comes in traditional infrared detector materials because of their excellent electrical and optical properties such as adjustable electrical band gap, low dark current, fast optical response time etc. This paper will present the development of an infrared imaging system that is capable of infrared imaging without cooling. The sensing elements of the system are carbon nanotubes and graphene. When they are illumined by an infrared light, the nano devices generate photocurrents, respectively. As a result, infrared images can be presented based on using compressive sensing after the collection of photocurrent from the nano devices. The development of this imaging system overcomes two major difficulties. First, the system uses singlepixel nano photodetector, so the pixel crosstalk phenomena of conventional sensor arrays can be eliminated. Second, the requirement of single-pixel unit reduces the manufacturing difficulties and costs. Under this compressive sensing camera configuration, 50 × 50 pixel infrared images can be reconstructed efficiently. The results demonstrated a possible solution to overcome the limitation of current infrared imaging.
Abstract 2575: Differentiation of NUT midline carcinoma by epigenomic reprogramming

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL NUT midline carcinoma (NMC) is a lethal tumor defined by the presence of BRD-NUT fusion proteins that act by arresting differentiation. Here, we explore the mechanisms underlying the ability of BRD4-NUT to prevent squamous differentiation. We find that overexpression of the twin bromodomains of BRD4 or a portion of NUT that binds the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) p300 induces NMC cells to differentiate, suggesting a model in which BRD4-NUT sequesters HATs in areas of acetylated chromatin. Consistent with this idea, knockdown of BRD4-NUT caused global increases in histone acetylation, whereas enforced expression of BRD4-NUT had the opposite effect. Sequestration of HATs appears to occur in nuclear BRD4-NUT foci, which correspond to specific genomic regions that are rich in acetylated histones but transcriptionally inactive. Of therapeutic interest, treatment of NMC cells with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) dispersed nuclear foci, restored histone acetylation, induced NMC cells to differentiate in vitro, and had anti-tumor effects in NMC xenograft models. The data suggest that this rational therapeutic approach merits further evaluation in patients with NMC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2575. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2575
Thermomechanics of solids: nonequilibrium and irreversibility

Abstract Reconciliation of thermal and mechanical interdependence is made possible by casting away the concept of heat. Defined are the dissipation and available energy density as two mutually exclusive quantities; thermal and mechanical changes become two aspects of the same process that coexist and are in continual operation. This is accomplished by interlacing the rotation, deformation and change in element size into one single operation; irreversibility is embedded inherently into the theory. No a priori assumption needs to be made on the constitutive relations which are, in fact, derived for each individual element and time increment. Only the initial slope of the reference material and load history need to be specified. Instead, the surface and volume energy density are assumed to be exchangeable without letting the change of volume with surface area to vanish in the limit, a simplification of classical physics and continuum mechanics that results in the decoupling of thermal and mechanical effects. Complete nonlinearity and finiteness of deformation are retained such that boundary problems can be solved directly by specifying the tractions and/or displacements. Nonequilibrium/irreversible solutions are shown to possess definite limits and to be bounded by the equilibrium/irreversible states whose solutions are proved to be unique. The existence of the isoenergy density function provides an elegant means of resolving the multidimensionality of the problem; the translation of unidimensional data to multidimensional states.
Quantitative ballistocardiography in aortic insufficiency; with a note on the hemodynamic effects of a Hufnagel valve.

Abstract The heaviest left ventricles are associated with aortic insufficiency, 1 although the pressure-volume component of cardiac work in this condition is said to be normal or but moderately increased. 2,3 Ventricular hypertrophy is related rather to the work of imparting momentum to the blood. The ultra-low-frequency ballistocardiograph measures the impulse of force equivalent to body momentum change, and is, therefore, ideally suited to the study of aortic insufficiency. With recording systems which largely eliminate body distortion the ballistic deflections may be related to discrete physiologic events and force expressed in absolute units. 4,5 In this investigation, an "aperiodic" ballistocardiograph is employed to measure the hyperkinesis of aortic insufficiency, to estimate the magnitude of cardiac kinetic work as reflected by body motion, and to study the hemodynamic effects of a Hufnagel valve. Though the origin of the systolic ballistic waves is known, 4 the diastolic complex is less well understood. Because the aortic standing wave is diminished or absent in advanced aortic insufficiency, 6 the ballistocardiograms of such patients may be utilized to elucidate the role of the standing wave in the genesis of diastolic vibrations.
Lymphocyte in vitro cytotoxicity: lymphotoxins of several mammalian species.

MOUSE lymphocytes can be induced in vitro by treatment with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), or with rabbit anti-mouse serum, and by the mixed lymphocyte reaction, to produce material(s) which is toxic to L cells1. The term lymphotoxins (previously termed lymphocyte cytotoxic factor) is applied here to the toxic factor(s). We report that lymphocytes from several animal species, including man, can be stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin in vitro to release lymphotoxin-like materials.
Independent and combined effects of cognitive and physical activity on incident MCI

Abstract Introduction The objective of this study was to examine the independent and combined influences of late-life cognitive activity (CA) and physical activity (PA) on the risk of incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods We used interval censored survival modeling to examine the risk of incident MCI (Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] = 0.5) as a function of CA (high vs. low) and at least moderate intensity PA (any vs. none) among 864 cognitively normal (CDR = 0) older adults. Results During three annual follow-up waves, 72 participants developed MCI. Compared with low CA with no PA, significant reductions in risk for MCI were observed for high CA with any PA (hazards ratio (HR) = 0.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07–0.52) and low CA with any PA (HR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.29–0.93), but not for high CA without PA (HR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.45–1.95). Discussion These findings suggest that a combination of CA and PA may be most efficacious at reducing the risk for cognitive impairment.