cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stress-induced Premature Senescence (SIPS) -Influence of SIPS on Radiotherapy-

Replicative senescence is a fundamental feature in normal human diploid cells and results from dysfunctional telomeres at the Hayflick cell division limit. Ionizing radiation (IR) prematurely induces the same phenotypes as replicative senescence prior to the Hayflick limit. This process is known as stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS). Since the cell cycle is irreversibly arrested in SIPS-induced cells, even if they are stimulated by various growth factors, it is thought that SIPS is a form of cell death, irreversibly eliminating replicating cells. IR-induced-focus formation of DNA repair proteins, a marker of DNA damage, is detected in SIPS as well as replicative senescent cells. Furthermore, both processes persistently induce cell cycle checkpoint mechanisms, indicating DNA damage created by ionizing radiation induces SIPS in normal cells, possibly by the same mechanisms as those occurring in replicative senescence. Interestingly, IR induces SIPS not only in normal cells, but also in tumor cells. Due to the expression of telomerase in tumor cells, telomere-dependent replicative senescence does not occur. However, SIPS is induced under certain conditions after IR exposure. Thus, cell death triggered by IR can be attributed to apoptosis or SIPS in tumor cells. However, metabolic function remains intact in SIPS-induced cancer cells, and recent studies show that senescence eliminate cells undergoing SIPS secrete various kinds of factors outside the cell, changing the microenvironment. Evidence using co-culture systems containing normal senescent stromal cells and epithelial tumor cells show that factors secreted from senescent stroma cells promote the growth of tumor epithelial cells both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, regulation of factors secreted from SIPS-induced stromal cells, as well as tumor cells, may affect radiotherapy.
A Function of Friendship: Social Comparisons as a Frame of Reference for Marriage

This is a descriptive study that examines the perceptions couples have about their interactions with friends and whether these interactions were believed to influence their own marriages. The possible influence of friends on marriage was analyzed in terms of the concept "social comparison." Social comparison is a process whereby people seek out information about other people's responses, feelings, abilities, and expectations and then derive or evaluate their own behavior, goals, feelings, and expectations. In over half of the couples, at least one member of the couple makes comparisons of their own marriage to a friend's marriage. Making a social comparison appears to provide a frame of reference that yields more realistic expectations about marriage.
Evaluation of PEMFC System Contaminants on the Performance of Pt Catalyst Via Cyclic Voltammetry

Selection of low cost materials for balance of plant (BOP) components requires an understanding of potential contaminants that evolve from them, which have been shown to affect the performance and durability of fuel cells. Using cyclic voltammetry as a quick ex-situ electrochemical screening tool [1-9], the present work evaluates the impact of the extracted solution and the individual leachable constituents from prospective BOP component materials on the performance and recoverability of the platinum catalyst.
Treatment of Acne Vulgaris

THE MANY opinions which have been advanced concerning the cause of acne vulgaris include bacterial infection, dietary indiscretion, carbohydrate metabolism, ingestion of halogens, local irritation and allergic tendencies. More recently the relationship of the endocrine dyscrasias to acne vulgaris has been studied. There have been many references in the recent literature as to the value of hormones in the treatment of acne vulgaris, but many dermatologists have failed to obtain good results with this form of therapy. In 1932, Engelbach (1) stated that, “The cytologic alteration occurring in the tissue of the skin and mucous membrane and the hormonic effect on the vasomotor system are responsible for the modification of the sudoriferous and sebaceous excretions.” For example, in hypothyroidism, the skin is thick, rough, dry and scaly; whereas in hyperthyroidism is more apt to be thin, delicate, smooth and velvety. The tendency to early involution and atrophy of these glands producing pre-senile changes is c...
Estrogen Regulates Transcription of the Ovine Oxytocin Receptor Gene through GC-Rich SP1 Promoter Elements

Establishment of pregnancy in ruminants results from paracrine signaling by interferon τ (IFNT) from the conceptus to uterine endometrial luminal epithelia (LE) that prevents release of luteolytic prostaglandin F2α pulses. In cyclic and pregnant ewes, progesterone down-regulates progesterone receptor (PGR) gene expression in LE. In cyclic ewes, loss of PGR allows for increases in estrogen receptor α (ESR1) and then oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene expression followed by oxytocin-induced prostaglandin F2α pulses. In pregnant ewes, IFNT inhibits transcription of the ESR1 gene, which presumably inhibits OXTR gene transcription. Alternatively, IFNT may directly inhibit OXTR gene transcription. The 5′ promoter/enhancer region of the ovine OXTR gene was cloned and found to contain predicted binding sites for activator protein 1, SP1, and PGR, but not for ESR1. Deletion analysis showed that the basal promoter activity was dependent on the region from −144 to −4 bp that contained only SP1 sites. IFNT did not affect ...
Dual Energy CT in Pancreatic Tumors

Dynamic imaging of the pancreas with dual energy CT provides two advantageous categories of images that are not available with standard single energy MDCT: Low kVp images or low energy simulated monoenergetic images, and material specific images. Improved detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas including small noncontour altering lesions, improved detection of pancreatic endocrine neoplasms, and improved evaluation of cystic pancreatic lesions is possible, particularly when both iodine material (IM) density and lower energy simulated monenergetic images are viewed together with the blended images or monoenergetic images that appear similar to those generated by standard 120 kVp single-energy CT. This chapter will summarize the available literature supporting the use of both dual source and rapid kV switching DECT to enhance imaging of pancreas neoplasms.
Maximizing Health Care Enrollment Through Seamless Coverage for Families in Transition: Current Trends and Policy Implications

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) builds on the employment-based health insurance system which is the bedrock of health insurance coverage for most Americans. When these Americans experience a change in their work or family lives, they are at risk for losing their job-based health insurance coverage. The health insurance exchanges established by the ACA provide an unprecedented opportunity to address one of the major sources of gaps in health insurance coverage: transitions in life that result in the loss of health insurance. The uninsured population is not static. Many people who are uninsured cycle in and out of coverage over a short period of time. One-half to two-thirds of those who are uninsured in any given year move into or out of coverage in that year. Even short bouts of uninsurance can have important health impacts due to lack of care.Many who are intermittently uninsured are experiencing a work or life transition that also involves a loss of income, divorce or separation, loss of dependent status, disability or death of a family member.These individuals in transition are likely to make up a significant portion of those eligible for the new health insurance exchanges. In Massachusetts, approximately one-quarter of individual market participants in the Massachusetts “Health Connector” the state’s health exchange, enrolled and terminated their coverage within 12 months. How transitional coverage is handled will play a major role in whether the ACA is successful in expanding and stabilizing health coverage. In order to be successful in enrolling the uninsured, the exchange should be designed to maintain continuous coverage for individuals undergoing life transitions. Understanding the triggers to uninsurance provides an important window into how people who are in life transitions can be reached and enrolled into the exchange before or when they lose other sources of coverage.
The Textile as Structural Framework: Gottfried Semper's Bekleidungsprinzip and the Case of Vienna 1900

AbstractGottfried Semper, the nineteenth-century German architect and art historian, influenced a generation of Central European followers at the turn of the twentieth century with his notion of the textile origins of building. His theories were particularly resonant in Vienna, where the movement to reform the applied arts centered on textiles in a variety of ways. Textiles were at the heart of Austria-Hungary's imperial legacy in the form of richly embroidered court costumes and ecclesiastical vestments as well as in the traditional needlework produced throughout the diverse Habsburg lands. Modern architects and designers were motivated not only to design cloth and clothing, but to express characteristics of the textile in their buildings and interior designs as well. While architects such as Otto Wagner in Vienna and Odon Lechner in Budapest “dressed” their buildings in decorative textile-like facades, younger modernists, including Josef Hoffmann and Adolf Loos, interpreted Semper's ideas more broadly, ...
Comparative assessments of objective peak-detection algorithms. II. Studies in men

The performances of eight currently available computerized pulse-detection algorithms were compared on signal-free noise and physiological luteinizing hormone (LH) time series. Signal-free noise was made to vary from 4 to 36% for Gaussian and empirical distributions. Physiological LH data were obtained by immunoassay of blood samples withdrawn every 5 min for 24 h in 8 healthy men, so that the data sets could be emended to simulate varying sampling intensities. Whenever possible, programs were tested at a presumptive 1% false-positive rate. In relation to signal-free noise, the Santen and Bardin program and its modification manifested elevated false-positive rates when the intraseries coefficients of variation increased. The Regional Dual-Threshold program yielded a 1% false-positive rate except on simulated series with high variance. The Cluster and Detect programs both approximated a 1% false-positive rate and the Ultra program approximated a 2.3% false-positive rate throughout the entire range of variance tested. In regard to physiological LH data, all algorithms disclosed a significant impact of sampling intensity on estimates of LH pulse frequency. Sampling-intensity dependent estimates of LH peak frequency by three of the eight programs (Ultra, Cluster, and Detect) were statistically indistinguishable from each other but distinct from the five other programs tested. Furthermore, when judged in relation to their ability to identify individual peaks, the three congruent programs were minimally distinguishable (McNemar's test). Rather, these programs identified the same particular peaks (as defined by concordance of peak maxima) at least 72% of the time.
Basic Principles of Continuum Mechanics

Continuum mechanics is the branch of classical mechanics concerned with motions of deformable material bodies. The mathematical model for such a body is called a body manifold which is an oriented 3-dimensional differentiable manifold endowed with global coordinate systems. In this chapter we develop the basic principles governing the motions of body manifolds.
Model Predictive Control under Coupled Fluid-Structure Constraints Using a Database of Reduced-Order Models on a Tablet

A real-time approach for model predictive control of an aircraft system is proposed. CFD-based predictions cannot, in general, be used in such a setting as they incur intensive computations. To address this issue, the approach proposed in this paper relies on a database of CFD-based parameterized reduced-order models. More specifically, this database is used for fast computations of the aeroelastic behavior of the system at a variety of operating conditions. Fluid-structure constraints can then be included in the optimal control procedure. The framework is applied to the minimum-time path computation of an aircraft system by dynamic programming under fuel consumption and aeroelastic constraints. The implementation of the proposed procedure on an Android tablet highlights the amenability of the method to mobile computing and predictions on the field.
Factors associated with discrimination among minority college students.

OBJECTIVES To assess minority college undergraduate and graduate students' self-reported stress, ethnic identity, and skin complexion as predictors of perceptions of racial discrimination. METHODS The participants (N = 172) were college-aged minority students. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the predictive relationship of the study variables on perceived racial discrimination. RESULTS Skin complexion (β = .34, p < .05) and ethnic identity (β = .25, p < .05) had a positive (increased frequency) relationship with racial discrimination. When separated by sex, stress was a statistically significant predictor β = .24, p < .05) of racial discrimination for males only. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the predictors of perceived racial discrimination may allow for the development of interventions that alleviate the stress associated with discrimination.
High-Quality White Light Using Core–Shell RE3+:LaPO4 (RE = Eu, Tb, Dy, Ce) Phosphors

Rare-earth (RE = Eu, Dy, Tb, and Ce) ion doped core and core–shell LaPO4 phosphors were synthesized to elucidate the effect of spatial distribution of dopants on the emission spectra. The core–shell architecture was designed as a single particle that can be excited by a single wavelength and yield a balanced white light appearance with long emission lifetimes. Specifically, a multishell architecture was employed to separate the Eu3+ and Tb3+ within the phosphor to circumvent the energy transfer between them, passivate the surface quenching sites, and control Ce3+ doping to sensitize other RE ions. To assess the effectiveness of these core–shell phosphors, the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) coordinates and luminescence lifetimes are quantified as the figures of merit. The Eu3+:LaPO4|Ce3+,Dy3+:LaPO4|Tb3+:LaPO4 layering resulted in CIE coordinates of (0.34, 0.35) using 365 nm excitation, nearly at center of the white light regime at (0.35, 0.35). Finally, the emission lifetimes were measured ...
Syndrome Differentiation Type Random Parallel Control Study Combined Conventional Western Medicine Treatment of Vertigo

[Objective]To observe the differentiation in combination with conventional western medicine treatment of vertigo.[Methods]Using random parallel control method,60 patients with outpatient service doctor order Numbers randomly divided into two groups.Control group of 30 cases of conventional western medicine treatment,betahistine,4~8mg/time;The crowe,25mg/time;3 times/d,oral.Observation group of 30 cases of treatment,①Shenjingbuzutype.②Yuxueneizutype.③Qixuekuixu type.④ type of Tanzhuozhongzu.⑤type of Ganyangshangkang.Prescription for all water decoction,1/d,2 times/d,oral.Western medicine treatment with the control group.Both groups of consecutive treatment 7d for 1 course of treatment.Observation of clinical symptoms and adverse reactions.4 courses of treatment continuously,judge curative effect.[Results]Observation group 20 cases were markedly effective,effective 7 cases,3 had no effect,total effective rate was 90.00%.Control group,9 cases had marked effect,14 cases effectively,7 had no effect,total effective rate was 76.70%.Treatment group curative effect is better than that of control group(P0.05).[Conclusion]Syndrome differentiation type combined conventional western medicine treatment of vertigo has good effect,is worth promoting.
Relationships among Serum Resistin Levels,Insulin Resistance and Pancreatic Beta-Cell Functions in Obese Children

Objective To study the relationships of serum resistin levels,insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic beta-cell functions in obese children with different degrees and normal children.Methods Thirty normal and 113 obese children were enrolled in this study and were divided into 3 groups based on body mass index (BMI). Obese group 1 was defined as 23 ≤BMI30, obese group 2 was defined as BMI≥30, while control group were defined as BMI22. An oral glucose tolerance test was done and the level of serum fasting resistin was measured in all subjects. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) was applied to assess the basic status of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and function o f pancreatic beta-cell (HOMA-β). Whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI) and the ratio of the increment of insulin to that of plasma glucose of the initial 30 minutes(△I_ 30/△G_ 30) were used to evaluate postprandial insulin sensitivity and pancreatic beta-cell function.Results In these obese children, 6 cases (5.3%) with impaired glucose tolerance and 2 cases (1.8%) with type 2 diabetes were found. With the increase of BMI, the levels of fasting insulin (FINS), area under the curve of insulin (AUCi), postprandial 2 hours glucose (2 h PG),area under the curve of glucose (AUCg), HOMA-IR were significantly increased (all P0.05), WBISI was declined (P0.001). HOMA-β and △I_ 30/△G_ 30 in two obese groups were higher than those of control group (P0.05 on an average), but no difference between themselves was found (P0.05). The levels of fasting serum resistin had no statistic differences among 3 groups (P0.05). The mean resistin levels in 8 cases with abnormal glucose tole rance were higher than those of control group, but no significant difference was found(P0.05). There were positive correlations between BMI and 2 h PG,FINS,HOMA- IR,HOMA-β,△I_ 30/△G_ 30(all P0.05).WBISI was significantly negatively correlated with BMI(P0.001). Serum resistin levels did not correlate with any index above (all P0.05).Conclusions Obese children are usually complicated with IR,higher postprandial plasma glucose and increasing pancreatic beta-cell functions.Severe obese children have lower insulin sensitivity while their pancreatic beta-cell functions have not increased accordingly. Circulating resistin is unlikely to play a major role in obesity,or IR in children.The function of resistin needs further study.
Upregulation of endothelial constitutive NOS : a major role in the increased NO production in cirrhotic rats

Nitric oxide (NO) is postulated to mediate the peripheral arterial vasodilation in cirrhosis. However, it is not known which isoform of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is involved in the increased ...
SEPARATION OF LEUKOCYTES FROM WHOLE BLOOD BY FLOTATION ON GUM ACACIA

An inexpensive solution possessing the physiochemical properties necessary for separating leukocytes and erythrocytes on the basis of differences in specific gravity has been described.
Using Technology to Transform Education: Aaron Doering Addresses Annual Meeting

EDITOR'S SUMMARY At the 2015 ASIS&T Annual Meeting Aaron Doering, professor of learning technologies at the University of Minnesota, shared his passion for using technology to transform education. Doering offered transformational advice for the teaching and learning process, starting with the importance of creating experiences that engage learners and inspire change. Doering's approach is based on adventure learning, enabling students to design their learning experiences, studying real world issues through his team's on-site activities and coordinating with related classroom learning opportunities. Linked by global information services, collaborative learning occurs without boundaries. Students can share stories with community members around the world, continually broadening their awareness, perspective and connections and even be recognized as topic experts in their own geographic areas. Doering urged meeting attendees to actively pursue innovation in education and to maximize the potential of technology to transform and expand learning possibilities.
What are kids vaping? Results from a national survey of US adolescents

Objective To examine what substances US youth vape. Methods Data come from Monitoring the Future, an annual, nationally representative survey of USA 12th-grade, 10th-grade and 8th-grade students. Respondents reported what substance they vaped the last time they used a vaporiser such as an e-cigarette. Results Among students who had ever used a vaporiser, 65–66% last used ‘just flavouring’ in 12th, in 10th and in 8th grade, more than all other responses combined. In all three grades, the percentage using ‘just flavouring’ was above 57% for males, females, African-Americans, Hispanics, Whites, and students both with and without a parent with a college degree. Nicotine use came in a distant second, at about 20% in 12th and 10th grade and 13% in 8th grade. Taking into account youth who vaped nicotine at last use increases national estimates of tobacco/nicotine prevalence in the past 30 days by 24–38% above and beyond cigarette smoking, which is substantial but far less than estimates that assume all vaporiser users inhale nicotine. Conclusions These results challenge the common assumption that all vaporiser users inhale nicotine. They (a) call into question the designation of vaporisers and e-cigarettes as ENDS (‘Electronic Nicotine Delivery System’), (b) suggest that the recent rise in adolescent vaporiser use does not necessarily indicate a nicotine epidemic, and (c) indicate that vaporiser users can be candidates for primary prevention programmes. Finally, the results suggest the importance of developing different rationales for the regulation of vaporiser devices as compared to the regulation of substances marketed for vaporiser use.
Mitigating exploits, rootkits and advanced persistent threats

Presents a collection of slides that address the topic of computer security. Addresses some of the following topics: attacks that are becoming increasingly sophisticated; malware signatures; major areas of vulnerability; and applications and programs for better network and computer security.
Oral Multiple Sclerosis Drugs Inhibit the In vitro Growth of Epsilon Toxin Producing Gut Bacterium, Clostridium perfringens.

There are currently three oral medications approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Two of these medications, Fingolimod and Teriflunomide, are considered to be anti-inflammatory agents, while dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is thought to trigger a robust antioxidant response, protecting vulnerable cells during an MS attack. We previously proposed that epsilon toxin from the gut bacterium, Clostridium perfringens, may initiate newly forming MS lesions due to its tropism for blood-brain barrier (BBB) vasculature and central nervous system myelin. Because gut microbiota will be exposed to these oral therapies prior to systemic absorption, we sought to determine if these compounds affect C. perfringens growth in vitro. Here we show that Fingolimod, Teriflunomide, and DMF indeed inhibit C. perfringens growth. Furthermore, several compounds similar to DMF in chemical structure, namely α, β unsaturated carbonyls, also known as Michael acceptors, inhibit C. perfringens. Sphingosine, a Fingolimod homologue with known antibacterial properties, proved to be a potent C. perfringens inhibitor with a Minimal Inhibitory Concentration similar to that of Fingolimod. These findings suggest that currently approved oral MS therapies and structurally related compounds possess antibacterial properties that may alter the gut microbiota. Moreover, inhibition of C. perfringens growth and resulting blockade of epsilon toxin production may contribute to the clinical efficacy of these disease-modifying drugs.
Heterogeneity of macrophage infiltration and therapeutic response in lung carcinoma revealed by 3D organ imaging

Involvement of the immune system in tumour progression is at the forefront of cancer research. Analysis of the tumour immune microenvironment has yielded a wealth of information on tumour biology, and alterations in some immune subtypes, such as tumour-associated macrophages (TAM), can be strong prognostic indicators. Here, we use optical tissue clearing and a TAM-targeting injectable fluorescent nanoparticle (NP) to examine three-dimensional TAM composition, tumour-to-tumour heterogeneity, response to colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) blockade and nanoparticle-based drug delivery in murine pulmonary carcinoma. The method allows for rapid tumour volume assessment and spatial information on TAM infiltration at the cellular level in entire lungs. This method reveals that TAM density was heterogeneous across tumours in the same animal, overall TAM density is different among separate pulmonary tumour models, nanotherapeutic drug delivery correlated with TAM heterogeneity, and successful response to CSF-1R blockade is characterized by enhanced TAM penetration throughout and within tumours.
Trumpeters from China in Bristol in 1577

This note corrects the impression given in the Bristol Records of Early English Drama (reed) that five trumpeters from China performed for the mayor, aldermen, and common council of Bristol in November 1577. Rather, the note points out that the trumpeters were likely English and were associated with the return of Martin Frobisher's second northwest passage expedition that fall .
Building on What Works: Supporting Underprepared Students through a Low-Cost Counseling Intervention

Higher education institutions are often concerned about retention rates, particularly among underprepared students. This study examines the effects of Counselors providing Resources, Integration, Skill Development, and Psychosocial Support (CRISP), which is a low-cost counseling model focused on increasing the academic success and retention of underprepared undergraduates (n = 273). Results indicated participation in CRISP was significantly related to higher first-year grade point average and retention to the second and third years of college.
Characterization of Finite Ground Coplanar Waveguide with Narrow Ground Planes

Coplanar waveguide with finite width ground planes is characterized through measurements, conformal mapping, and the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) technique for the purpose of determining the optimum ground plane width. The attenuation and effective permittivity of the lines are related to its geometry. It is found that the characteristics of the Finite Ground Coplanar line (FGC) are not dependent on the ground plane width if it is greater than twice the center conductor width, but less than lambda(sub d)/8. In addition, electromagnetic field plots are presented which show for the first time that electric fields in the plane of the substrate terminate on the outer edge of the ground plane, and that the magnitude of these fields is related to the ground plane width.
An Overview of Network-Based and -Free Approaches for Stochastic Simulation of Biochemical Systems

Stochastic simulation has been widely used to model the dynamics of biochemical reaction networks. Several algorithms have been proposed that are exact solutions of the chemical master equation, following the work of Gillespie. These stochastic simulation approaches can be broadly classified into two categories: network-based and -free simulation. The network-based approach requires that the full network of reactions be established at the start, while the network-free approach is based on reaction rules that encode classes of reactions, and by applying rule transformations, it generates reaction events as they are needed without ever having to derive the entire network. In this study, we compare the efficiency and limitations of several available implementations of these two approaches. The results allow for an informed selection of the implementation and methodology for specific biochemical modeling applications.
Rapid and label-free identification of single leukemia cells from blood in a high-density microfluidic trapping array by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy

The rapid screening and isolation of single leukemia cells from blood has become critical for early leukemia detection and tumor heterogeneity interrogation. However, due to the size overlap between leukemia cells and the more abundant white blood cells (WBCs), the isolation and identification of leukemia cells individually from peripheral blood is extremely challenging and often requires immunolabeling or cytogenetic assays. Here we present a rapid and label-free single leukemia cell identification platform that combines: (1) high-throughput size-based separation of hemocytes via a single-cell trapping array, and (2) leukemia cell identification through phasor approach and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (phasor-FLIM), to quantify changes between free/bound nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) as an indirect measurement of metabolic alteration in living cells. The microfluidic trapping array designed with 1600 highly-packed addressable single-cell traps can simultaneously filter out red blood cells (RBCs) and trap WBCs/leukemia cells, and is compatible with low-magnification imaging and fast-speed fluorescence screening. The trapped single leukemia cells, e.g., THP-1, Jurkat and K562 cells, are distinguished from WBCs in the phasor-FLIM lifetime map, as they exhibit significant shift towards shorter fluorescence lifetime and a higher ratio of free/bound NADH compared to WBCs, because of their glycolysis-dominant metabolism for rapid proliferation. Based on a multiparametric scheme comparing the eight parameter-spectra of the phasor-FLIM signatures, spiked leukemia cells are quantitatively distinguished from normal WBCs with an area-under-the-curve (AUC) value of 1.00. Different leukemia cell lines are also quantitatively distinguished from each other with AUC values higher than 0.95, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity for single cell analysis. The presented platform is the first to enable high-density size-based single-cell trapping simultaneously with RBC filtering and rapid label-free individual-leukemia-cell screening through non-invasive metabolic imaging. Compared to conventional biomolecular diagnostics techniques, phasor-FLIM based single-cell screening is label-free, cell-friendly, robust, and has the potential to screen blood in clinical volumes through parallelization.
Abstract 19255: Double Knockout of Akt2 and AMPK Resists High Fat Diet-Induced Adiposity, Cardiac Dysfunction and Hepatic Steatosis

Akt and AMPK are two essential sometimes reciprocal signaling regulatory machineries governing energy homeostasis and insulin action. This study was designed to examine the high fat diet intake-ind...
The number of solutions of (x) = m

An old conjecture of Sierpinski asserts that for every integer k 2, there is a number m for which the equation `(x )= m has exactly k solutions. Here ` is Euler's totient function. In 1961, Schinzel deduced this conjecture from his Hypothesis H. The purpose of this paper is to present an unconditional proof of Sierpinski's conjecture. The proof uses many results from sieve theory, in particular the famous theorem of Chen.
The ordinalist fallacy

In examining thevon Neumann-Morgenstern axioms for a cardinal utility measure, ProfessorGeorgescu-Roegen comes to the conclusion that it is not the Strong Independence Axiom which causes difficulties, as had been supposed by several authors, but an ordinalist assumption, namely, that there always exists an ordinal utility function. This assumption is called the ordinalist fallacy. By using a Mengerian hierarchy of wants, ProfessorGeorgescu-Roegen shows that there exists a realistic case for which the alternatives are not ordinally measurable. In this note it is pointed out that this situation can only occur if one insists that a utility function cannot be defined on anything less than the real number system. If one is satisfied with commodity combinations that are represented in terms of rational numbers, then there is no fallacy. It is suggested that the rational numbers are necessary and sufficient as a numerical domain for the foundation of economics as a quantitative science. If a utility function is defined on rational numbers, a cardinal measure can be postulated for hierarchies of wants.
Molecular Architecture of the Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor Pore

Publisher Summary Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP 3 Rs) are a family of ligand-gated channels that release calcium primarily from endoplasmic reticulum stores. To elucidate the structure and regulation of IP 3 R channels at the molecular level is of paramount importance to understand the disease progression and the development of targeted therapeutics. This chapter discusses and examines the molecular architecture of the transmembrane domains and the channel pore. The IP 3 R channel is a tetramer that forms a single ion conduction pore. It is generally accepted that all cells express at least one IP 3 R isoform and most tissues express a combination of isoforms, which can form homo- and heterotetramers. There are two atomic resolution structures of parts of the IP 3 R protein: the ligand binding domain, and the suppressor region. The ligand binding domain is formed by a pocket sandwiched between a beta-trefoil domain and an armadillo-like repeat. The suppressor domain also has a beta-trefoil like fold, and likely interacts with and stabilizes the IP 3 binding core. Significant advances are made in understanding structural and functional relationships in the channel domain using biochemistry and electrophysiology.
Degradation of 1,3-dichloropropene by a soil bacterial consortium and Rhodococcus sp. AS2C isolated from the consortium.

A bacterial consortium capable of degrading the fumigant 1,3-D ((Z)- and (E)-1,3-dichloropropene) was enriched from an enhanced soil. This mixedculture degraded (Z)- and (E)-1,3-D only in the presence of a suitable biodegradable organic substrate, such as tryptone, tryptophan, or alanine. After 8 months of subculturing at 2- to 3-week intervals, a strain of Rhodococcus sp. (AS2C) that was capable of degrading 1,3-D cometabolically in the presenceof a suitable second substrate was isolated. (Z)-3-chloroallyl alcohol (3-CAA) and (Z)-3-chloroacrylic acid (3-CAAC), and (E)-3-CAA and (E)-3-CAAC were the metabolites of (Z)- and (E)-1,3-D, respectively. (E)-1,3-D was degraded faster than (Z)-1,3-D by the strain AS2C and the consortium. AS2C also degraded (E)-3-CAA faster than (Z)-3-CAA. Isomerization of (E)-1,3-D to (Z)-1,3-D orthe (Z) form to the (E) form did not occur.
Notes on the Horizontal Circulation of Ocean Currents

The effect of a variable depth of the wind driven oceanic circulation on the steady state current systems is discussed with the aid of a simple model. There is much evidence that in the Atlantic Ocean the depth of the layer of no motion increases poleward proportionally to the sine of the geographical latitude in both hemispheres. It seems not unlikely that the oceans react to the planetary vorticity effect in such a way that they rather tend to adjust the level of no motion than to displace the whole gyre of the wind driven circulation to the west.
Understanding the Equatorial Pacific Cold Tongue Time-Mean Heat Budget. Part II: Evaluation of the GFDL-FLOR Coupled GCM

AbstractThe heat budget of the Pacific equatorial cold tongue (ECT) is explored using the GFDL-FLOR coupled GCM (the forecast-oriented low ocean resolution version of CM2.5) and ocean reanalyses, l...
Adaptive Harmonic Control for Rejection of Sinusoidal Disturbances Acting on an Unknown System

We present a sampled-data adaptive harmonic control algorithm that rejects sinusoids with known frequencies that act on a completely unknown asymptotically stable linear time-invariant system. We analyze the stability and closed-loop performance for systems with at least as many controls as performance measurements. We show that the closed-loop system is uniformly Lyapunov stable and the adaptive controller asymptotically rejects the disturbances. We present numerical simulations comparing the new sampled-data adaptive controller with an existing sinusoidal disturbance rejection approach (i.e., higher harmonic control). We also present results from an active disturbance rejection experiment in an acoustic environment. These experimental results demonstrate the practical effectiveness of the adaptive harmonic controller.
Marketing Notes and Communications: Product Perception: An Important Variable in Price Strategy:

Only limited research has focused on developing a taxonomy to distinguish products that may have reverse sloping demand functions from those with conventional demand curves. Findings in this articl...
Development of a solid supersaturated self-nanoemulsifying preconcentrate (S-superSNEP) of fenofibrate using dimethylacetamide and a novel co-processed excipient

AbstractBackground: Recrystallization of drug and incomplete drug release from liquisolid formulation are two major hurdles in the development of a supersaturated self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system. The aim of this research work was to develop a solid supersaturated self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of fenofibrate (FB) for enhanced dissolution.Methods: FB loaded supersaturated self-nanoemulsifying preconcentrate (superSNEP) was prepared using dimethyl acetamide (DMA), medium chain triglycerides (MCT), and kolliphor EL. Co-processed excipients (CPE) prepared using inorganic microporous silica (Neusilin US2, Florite 100, or Aerosil 200) and hydrophilic polymers (Polyvinyl alcohol, HPMC, and Kollidon VA64) were evaluated for flow property, BET surface area, and adsorption capacity. Lipophilic fluorescent probe (coumarin-6) was used to investigate the extent of self-emulsification. The formulation was further characterized for solid state, in-vitro cytotoxicity in caco-2 cell line and in-vitro ...
Is the Preschool PATHS Curriculum Effective? A Review.

The preschool PATHS curriculum was designed as a universal preschool classroom curriculum to improve children’s social-emotional learning and reduce problem behaviors. Purpose: This review examined...
Reparations for Slavery and the Slave Trade: a transnational and comparative history

A scholar of the history and memory of slavery and the slave trade, Anna Lucia Araujo has written an important book on reparations in the longue duree. Unlike most works on reparations for racial s...
Sweetness and Water Power: The SICAE Sugarcane Cooperative and Mayo Struggles for Water, 1944 to 1956

espanolCientos de ejidatarios indigenas mayo se hicieron miembros de la cooperativa de cana de azucar SICAE (Sociedad de Interes Colectivo Agricola Ejidal) en el noroccidente de Mexico en los anos 1930, para tomar control de las tierras irrigadas y marginar a los no-miembros, llamados ‘individualistas’, en los anos 1940. Este articulo se centra en como los individualistas indigenas de los ejidos de Los Goros y El Teroque hicieron frente al control del agua del SICAE y los intentos por anexar sus tierras. La resistencia individualista mayo a la dirigencia ejidal corrupta y a la cooperativa del SICAE les permitio influir en las decisiones sobre el desarrollo local del agua. Estas experiencias individualistas mayo ejemplifican como la movilizacion social hidraulica se volvio una estrategia indigena popular de sobrevivencia a mediados del siglo 20 en Mexico. EnglishHundreds of indigenous Mayo ejidatarios became members of the SICAE (Sociedad de Interes Colectivo Agricola Ejidal) sugarcane cooperative in North-West Mexico in the 1930s, gaining control of irrigated lands and marginalising non-members, called ‘individualists’, by the 1940s. This article focuses on how indigenous individualists of Los Goros and El Teroque ejidos navigated the SICAE’s control of water and attempts to annex their lands. Mayo individualists’ resistance to corrupt ejidal leadership and the SICAE cooperative allowed them to influence local water development decisions. These individualist Mayo experiences exemplify how hydraulic social mobilisation became an indigenous people’s strategy of survival in mid-twentieth-century Mexico.
Exploring Prospective Teachers' Ability to Generate and Analyze Evidence-Based Explanatory Arguments.

In this paper, using written responses of 37 PSTs preparing to teach grades 1-8 mathematics, we examined explanations they constructed to support their problem solutions and explanations they provided in support of their critiques of student-generated explanations. We also examined features of explanations on which PSTs drew in their critiques of mathematical explanations of students. Our results draw attention to the importance of helping PSTs develop competencies in constructing and critiquing mathematical explanations concurrently. Although explanations PSTs generated for their critiques of student explanations were weaker compared to the explanations PSTs formulated for their own problem solutions, PSTs proficient in generating mathematical explanations were also more proficient in analyzing and critiquing mathematical explanations. We identified seven criteria PSTs used while analyzing and critiquing student-explanations. These criteria reveal what PSTs might value, or pay attention to, as they critique student-explanations. We share implications for mathematics teacher educators to consider and suggest directions for further research.
Computational thermomechanics for crystalline rock. Part II: Chemo-damage-plasticity and healing in strongly anisotropic polycrystals

Abstract We present a thermal–mechanical–chemical-phase field model that captures the multi-physical coupling effects of precipitation creeping, crystal plasticity, anisotropic fracture, and crack healing in polycrystalline rock at various temperature and strain-rate regimes. This model is solved via a fast Fourier transfer solver with an operator-split algorithm to update displacement, temperature and phase field, and chemical concentration incrementally. In nuclear waste disposal in salt formation, brine inside the crystal salt may migrate along the grain boundary and cracks due to the gradient of interfacial energy and pressure. This migration has a significant implication on the permeability evolution, creep deformation, and crack healing within rock salt but is difficult to incorporate implicitly via effective medium theories compared with computational homogenization. As such, we introduce a thermodynamic framework and a corresponding computational implementation that explicitly captures the brine diffusion along the grain boundary and crack at the grain scale. Meanwhile, the anisotropic fracture and healing are captured via a high-order phase field that represents the regularized crack region in which a newly derived non-monotonic driving force is used to capture the fracture and healing due to the solution–precipitation. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the capacity of the thermodynamic framework to capture the multiphysics material behaviors of rock salt.
A molecular analysis of the cytolytic T lymphocyte response.

Publisher Summary The use of liposomes to study cytolytic T-lymphocytes (CTL) specificity suggests that allogeneic major histocompatability complex (MHC) antigens alone may be able to stimulate or be recognized by CTLs. It has been proposed that all CTLs recognize MHC antigens in association with a modifier X, including allospecific CTLs. The use of liposomes to study virus-specific CTLs suggests that viral and MHC antigens, if not physically interacting, must be closely associated to trigger CTLs. These liposomes were between 0.03 and 0.1 μm in diameter and still were only able to trigger virus-specific CTLs when both the viral and MHC antigens were in the same lipid bilayer. The use of liposomes has pointed out that HLA-DR antigens can be highly immunogenic for CTLs. HLA-A/B antigens may be the dominant immunogen, however, by isolating the HLA-DR antigens from these Class I antigens, one could more clearly assess their immunogenicity. Liposomes have also come up with insights concerning the helper T cell pathway that regulates the CTL response. By employing well-defined in vitro model systems, monoclonal antibodies, protein chemistry, and molecular biology, it is hopeful to gain a better understanding of the CTL response.
Further search for the missing money

The conventional form of the demand function for money worked very well in the past. However, since 1974 this function has failed to predict the public's demand for the money stock within a reasonable range of error. More specifically, since 1976 the conventional equation has overpredicted the actual quantity of money demanded. Although the Federal Reserve's newly defined monetary aggregates generally have better prediction performance than the old M-1, they show a systematic overprediction of money stock for the period of 1974:1-1980:3, the out-of-sample period in this study. The cumulative percentage errors of prediction of these new aggregates are still large and increasing in absolute value for this period. Respecifying the conventional demand function for money to include the time variable among its explanatory variables and redefining the monetary aggregate to contain overnight repurchase agreements reduced the absolute value of the percentage errors considerably. Moreover, the percentage errors of the above specification are relatively stable after 1975. That is, the percentage errors of this specification show an upward trend over the period of 1974:1-1975:4 and become stable after 1975;In the 1970s, some important institutional changes--such as authorization of telephone transfers from savings to demand deposits, preauthorized transfer of funds from savings to demand deposits, bill paying services, overdraft credit line, and automatic payroll deposits--occurred. Some wider monetary aggregates are defined to take some of these and other qualitative changes into account. Among these wider aggregates, an aggregate defined as some of M-1B, overnight RPs issued by commercial banks, overnight Eurodollar deposits at Caribbean branches of U.S. banks held by U.S. nonbank residents, money market mutual fund shares, one third of savings deposits at thrift institutions and 2/3 of savings deposits at commercial banks gave the best prediction results. The percentage errors of prediction for this aggregate are generally less than two percent.