cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Data Consistency in Smart Home Applications

Smart Home applications are a quickly growing segment of the Internet of Things (IoT) domain. Many companies offer cloud platforms that enable developers to create and run applications that provide specific Smart Home functions for physical devices installed and connected to the Internet in people's homes. Unfortunately, problems and vulnerabilities relating to data consistency have emerged for these Smart Home platforms, stemming from interfaces that have limited and varied guarantees with respect to atomicity, data consistency, and event ordering. These data consistency concerns are important because many applications are related to devices used for home security and control systems, like smart locks. The Amazon AWS IoT platform enables Internet-connected devices to connect to the AWS Cloud and lets applications in the cloud interact with Internet-connected devices. Because of its many configurable options, the AWS IoT API makes it easy for developers to write applications that do not correctly handle concurrency and data consistency issues, resulting in lost or incorrect state updates. We have developed a static analysis tool for AWS IoT JavaScript applications that detects when software may experience data consistency issues due to how the AWS IoT API was configured and used. We deployed our tool on 10 JavaScript applications in our preliminary analysis; most of these applications could experience erroneous updates of state in the cloud.
PALPITATIONS IN PREGNANCY ARE NOT ALWAYS A BENIGN PRESENTATION

Laminopathies are a group of disorders caused by mutations in the laminin A/C (LMNA) gene resulting in diverse phenotypes with risk of arrhythmias, dilated cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death. A 30 year old female Gravida 1, 24 weeks gestation with history of right ventricular outflow tract
Regions of the basal ganglia and primary olfactory system are most sensitive to neurodegeneration after extended sevoflurane anesthesia in the perinatal rat.

Abstract Extended general anesthesia early in life is neurotoxic in multiple species. However, little is known about the temporal progression of neurodegeneration after general anesthesia. It is also unknown if a reduction in natural cell death, or an increase in cell creation, occurs as a form of compensation after perinatal anesthesia exposure. The goal of this study was to evaluate markers of neurodegeneration and cellular division at 2, 24, or 72 h after sevoflurane (Sevo) exposure (6 h) in fully oxygenated postnatal day (PND) 7 rats. Neurodegeneration was observed in areas throughout the forebrain, while the largest changes (fold increase above vehicle) were observed in areas associated with either the primary olfactory learning pathways or the basal ganglia. These regions included the indusium griseum (IG, 25-fold), the posterior dorso medial hippocampal CA1 (17-fold), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (Bed Nuclei STM, 5-fold), the shell of the nucleus accumbens (Acb, 5-fold), caudate/putamen (CPu, 5-fold), globus pallidus (GP, 9-fold) and associated thalamic (11-fold) and cortical regions (5-fold). Sevo neurodegeneration was minimal or undetectable in the ventral tegmentum, substantia nigra, and most of the hypothalamus and frontal cortex. In most brain regions where neurodegeneration was increased 2 h post Sevo exposure, the levels returned to
Super-Resolution of VIIRS-Measured Ocean Color Products Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network

Since its launch in October 2011, the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite has provided high quality global ocean color products, which include normalized water-leaving radiance spectra $nL_{w}$ ( $\lambda $ ) of six moderate (M) bands (M1–M6) at the wavelengths of 410, 443, 486, 551, 671, and 745 nm with a spatial resolution of 750-m, and one imagery (I) band at a wavelength of 638 nm with a spatial resolution of 375-m. Because the high-resolution I-band measurements are highly correlated spectrally to those of M-band data, it can be used as a guidance to super-resolve the M-band $nL_{w}$ ( $\lambda $ ) imagery from 750- to 375-m spatial resolution. Super-resolving images from coarse spatial resolution to finer ones have been a field of very active research in recent years. However, no previous studies have been applied to satellite ocean color remote sensing, in particular, for VIIRS ocean color applications. In this study, we employ the deep convolutional neural network (CNN) technique to glean the high-frequency content from the VIIRS I1 band and transfer to super-resolved M-band ocean color images. The network is trained to super-resolve each of the VIIRS six M-bands $nL_{w}$ ( $\lambda $ ) separately. In our results, the super-resolved (375-m) $nL_{w}$ ( $\lambda $ ) images are much sharper and show finer spatial structures than the original images. Quantitative evaluations show that biases between the super-resolved and original $nL_{w}$ ( $\lambda $ ) images are small for all bands. However, errors in the super-resolved $nL_{w}$ ( $\lambda $ ) images are wavelength-dependent. The smallest error is found in the super-resolved $nL_{w}$ (551) and $nL_{w}$ (671) images, and error increases as the wavelength decreases from 486 to 410 nm. The results show that the networks have the capability to capture the correlations of the M-band and the I1 band images to super-resolved M-band images.
Ext Groups between Irreducible $\text{GL}_n(q)$-modules in Cross Characteristic

Let $G=\text{GL}_n(q)$ be the general linear group over the finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ of $q$ elements, and let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $r >0$ such that $r$ does not divide $q(q-1)$. In 1999, Cline, Parshall, and Scott showed that under these assumptions, cohomology calculations for $G$ may be translated to Ext$^i$ calculations over a $q$-Schur algebra. The aim of this paper is to extend the results of Cline, Parshall, and Scott and show that Ext$^i$ calculations for $\text{GL}_n(q)$ may also be translated to Ext$^i$ calculations over an appropriate $q$-Schur algebra (both for $i=1$ and $i>1$). To that end, we establish formulas relating certain Ext groups for $\text{GL}_n(q)$ to Ext groups for the $q$-Schur algebra $S_q(n,n)_k$. As a consequence, we show that there are no non-split self-extensions of irreducible $kG$-modules belonging to the unipotent principal Harish-Chandra series. As an application in higher degree, we describe a method which yields vanishing results for higher Ext groups between irreducible $kG$-modules and demonstrate this method in a series of examples.
Computational and experimental investigation of ignition in a Mach 2 cavity-based flameholder

Abstract The ignition and flame propagation in an ethylene fueled Mach 2 supersonic cavity are investigated experimentally and computationally. A laser spark is placed in the base of the cavity and the combustion process is tracked using broadband chemiluminescence. Computationally, hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes/large eddy simulation combined with a 22 species chemistry mechanism is used to simulate the ignition process. The simulation is used to explain the underlying physics and flow features leading to the chemiluminescence intensity profile observed experimentally. Initially, the flame kernel spreads in the spanwise direction to fill the region near the cavity's aft-facing step before moving axially downstream to ignite the entire cavity. The flame causes an increase in pressure, restricting fuel flow from the injectors, subsequently leading to leaner conditions that reduce overall heat release. Heat release reduction lowers the pressure and allows the fuel to flow back into the cavity as the flame adjusts to its steady state configuration. At steady state, the elemental fuel concentration within the cavity is significantly higher compared to the non-reacting condition. Examining the ignition time-scales, it is found that the increase in elemental fuel concentration lags approximately 2 milliseconds behind the increase in pressure as the recirculation and diffusion in the cavity transports the additional fuel into the domain. In addition to the full-width simulation, a partial-width simulation that is 1/6 the size of the experimental domain with periodic boundaries is evaluated as a potential cost-saving option. Due to the decreased domain size, the time scales related to ignition were shortened versus the full-width simulation which showed consistent time scales with the experimental findings. The partial-width simulation, however, was able to capture the major stages of combustion during the ignition process.
Transitional Equality in Transnational Context

The legalization of same-sex marriage in Taiwan in the past few years and emerging legal recognition for same-sex couples in Japan mark important expansions of family recognition in Asia. These developments provide an opportunity to consider the gap between formal and substantive equality in the rights of diverse families in Taiwan, Japan, and other jurisdictions. This essay examines these recent changes in family recognition in Taiwan and Japan alongside experiences of U.S. couples to generate new areas of inquiry into developing equality with full attention to the range of socio-legal experience. This essay considers a framework of “transitional equality” I have discussed in the U.S. context to identify the process of families transitioning into new formal legal status categories. As I have described elsewhere, when a person or class of persons obtains a new status or gains previously denied rights, “the path itself from one legal status to another becomes critically important and may itself be impacted by race, gender, age, and other factors. The process of transitioning to a new status can be complex and burdensome in unexpected ways, and lack of attention to that process can impair persons’ inhabitation of their newly acquired legal rights.” This transitional space is one worthy of socio-legal attention in the effort to build fuller equality for diverse families. Taiwan and Japan introduce further opportunities to examine the role of marriage recognition in reflecting and constructing broader norms concerning national identity, race, ethnicity, gender, age, economic status, access to justice, and what it even means to be a legal subject in the face of legal uncertainty.
Relaxation time of brain tissue in the elderly assessed by synthetic MRI.

BACKGROUND Synthetic MRI (SyMRI) is a quantitative technique that allows measurements of T1 and T2 relaxation times (RTs). Brain RT evolution across lifespan is well described for the younger population. The aim was to study RTs of brain parenchyma in a healthy geriatric population in order to define the normal value of structures in this group population. Normal values for geriatric population could help find biomarker for age-related brain disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-four normal-functioning individuals (22 females, 32 males) with mean age of 83 years (range 56-98) underwent SyMRI. RT values in manually defined ROIs (centrum semiovale, middle cerebellar peduncles, thalamus, and insular cortex) and in segmented whole-brain components (brain parenchyma, gray matter, white matter, myelin, CSF, and stromal structures) were extracted from the SyMRI segmentation software. Patients' results were combined into the group age. Main ROI-based and whole-brain results were compared for the all dataset and for age group results as well. RESULTS For white matter, RTs between ROI-based analyses and whole-brain results for T2 and for T1 were statistically different and a trend of increasing T1 in centrum semiovale and cerebellar peduncle was observed. For gray matter, thalamic T1 was statistically different from insular T1. A difference was also found between left and right insula (p < .0001). T1 RTs of ROI-based and whole-brain-based analyses were statistically different (p < .0001). No significant difference in T1 and T2 was found between age groups on ROI-based analysis, but T1 in centrum semiovale and thalamus increased with age. No statistical difference between age groups was found for the various segmented volumes except for myelin between 65-74 years of age and the 95-105 years of age groups (p = .038). CONCLUSIONS SyMRI is a new tool that allows faster imaging and permits to obtain quantitative T1 and T2. By defining RT values of different brain components of normal-functioning elderly individuals, this technique may be used as a biomarker for clinical disorders like dementia.
Marlowe's Edward II and 'The Woful Lamentation of Jane Shore': Tactical Engagements with Sewers in Late-Elizabethan London

Marlowe’s Edward II (c. 1594) features a conspicuous recurrence of open sewers both on- and off-stage, and its characters repeatedly invoke the image of “channels” glutted with material and bodily waste. Although most critical readings of the play have interpreted this recurrence as a symptom of the trans-historical psychological associability between the homophobic contempt that Mortimer Junior and his co-conspirators demonstrate for Edward’s and Gaveston’s relationship and the scatological punishments to which the deposed king is subjected, I argue in this essay that Marlowe likely had additional motivating factors for increasing the role of open sewers in his dramatic adaptation of his historical sources. These additional factors were directly related to the growing controversy over improper waste disposal in late-Elizabethan London. Ultimately, I argue that in adapting the tragic history of Edward II for the popular stage, Marlowe self-consciously draws on the environmentally hazardous landscape immediately surrounding the site of his play’s earliest London performances in order to call attention to the socio-environmental politics of waste disposal at a unique historical moment when the collective exposure to improperly disposed waste was increasing as a result of the city’s exponential (and arguably unsustainable) population growth.
A model-based reconstruction for undersampled radial spin-echo DTI with variational penalties on the diffusion tensor

Radial spin-echo diffusion imaging allows motion-robust imaging of tissues with very low T2 values like articular cartilage with high spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, in vivo measurements are challenging, due to the significantly slower data acquisition speed of spin-echo sequences and the less efficient k-space coverage of radial sampling, which raises the demand for accelerated protocols by means of undersampling. This work introduces a new reconstruction approach for undersampled diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI). A model-based reconstruction implicitly exploits redundancies in the diffusion-weighted images by reducing the number of unknowns in the optimization problem and compressed sensing is performed directly in the target quantitative domain by imposing a total variation (TV) constraint on the elements of the diffusion tensor. Experiments were performed for an anisotropic phantom and the knee and brain of healthy volunteers (three and two volunteers, respectively). Evaluation of the new approach was conducted by comparing the results with reconstructions performed with gridding, combined parallel imaging and compressed sensing and a recently proposed model-based approach. The experiments demonstrated improvements in terms of reduction of noise and streaking artifacts in the quantitative parameter maps, as well as a reduction of angular dispersion of the primary eigenvector when using the proposed method, without introducing systematic errors into the maps. This may enable an essential reduction of the acquisition time in radial spin-echo diffusion-tensor imaging without degrading parameter quantification and/or SNR.
A New Facility for High-Pressure Research at the Advanced Photon Source

The Advanced Photon Source (APS) is a third-generation synchrotron storage ring that became operational in 1996. A national user facility at the APS is being constructed for research in Earth, soil, and environmental sciences by the GeoSoilEnviroCARS (GSECARS) group of the Consortium for Advanced Radiation Sources (CARS). The GSECARS sector consists of an undulator and a bending magnet beamline, both of which have been designed to allow for a wide range of possible experiments on geological materials. An experimental station on the undulator beamline will be dedicated to high-pressure experiments using a multi-anvil press and diamond anvil cells. Energy-dispersive and monochromatic diffraction experiments will be performed in this and other stations using solid state and two-dimensional detectors. A high-pressure support laboratory is being developed concurrently. The first high-pressure experiments at the GSECARS sector were successfully conducted in December, 1996.
The Role of Verbs in Document Analysis

We present results of two methods for assessing the event profile of news articles as a function of verb type. The unique contribution of this research is the focus on the role of verbs, rather than nouns. Two algorithms are presented and evaluated, one of which is shown to accurately discriminate documents by type and semantic properties, i.e. the event profile. The initial method, using WordNet (Miller et al. 1990), produced multiple cross-classification of articles, primarily due to the bushy nature of the verb tree coupled with the sense disambiguation problem. Our second approach using English Verb Classes and Alternations (EVCA) Levin (1993) showed that monosemous categorization of the frequent verbs in WSJ made it possible to usefully discriminate documents. For example, our results show that articles in which communication verbs predominate tend to be opinion pieces, whereas articles with a high percentage of agreement verbs tend to be about mergers or legal cases. An evaluation is performed on the results using Kendall's Tau. We present convincing evidence for using verb semantic classes as a discriminant in document classification.
The Relation of Repeats to Position Effect in Drosophila Melanogaster

In Drosophila melanogaster it has been established that the action of at least some genes is affected by their position in the chromosomes. Critical evidence for this phenomenon of position effect has been given by Sturtevant (1925), Dubinin and Sidorow (1935), and Panshin (1935). Position effects have been detected only in cases in which the relative position of a gene with respect to its neighbors has been altered by a chromosomal rearrangement. It is conceivable that the effective position of a gene may also be changed as a result of a substitution in an adjacent gene of one allele by another. Such a possibility was put to experimental test by Sturtevant (1928) for the dominant mutants, Delta (Dl) and Hairless (H), three units apart in the third chromosome; however, no difference could be demonstrated between Dl H/++ and Dl+/+H.
Pharmacological and biochemical characterization of the D-1 dopamine receptor mediating acetylcholine release in rabbit retina.

Superfusion with dopamine (0.1 microM-10 mM) evokes calcium-dependent [3H]acetylcholine release from rabbit retina labeled in vitro with [3H]choline. This effect is antagonized by the D-1 dopamine receptor antagonist SCH 23390. Activation or blockade of D-2 dopamine, alpha-2 or beta receptors did not stimulate or attenuate the release of [3H]acetylcholine from rabbit retina. Dopamine receptor agonists evoke the release of [3H]acetylcholine with the following order of potency: apomorphine greater than or equal to SKF(R)82526 greater than SKF 85174 greater than SKF(R)38393 greater than or equal to pergolide greater than or equal to dopamine (EC50 = 4.5 microM) greater than SKF(S)82526 greater than or equal to SKF(S)38393. Dopamine receptor antagonists inhibited the dopamine-evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine: SCH 23390 (IC50 = 1 nM) greater than (+)-butaclamol greater than or equal to cis-flupenthixol greater than fluphenazine greater than perphenazine greater than trans-flupenthixol greater than R-sulpiride. The potencies of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists at the dopamine receptor mediating [3H]acetylcholine release is characteristic of the D-1 dopamine receptor. These potencies were correlated with the potencies of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists at the D-1 dopamine receptor in rabbit retina as labeled by [3H]SCH 23390, or as determined by adenylate cyclase activity. [3H]SCH 23390 binding in rabbit retinal membranes was stable, saturable and reversible. Scatchard analysis of [3H]SCH 23390 saturation data revealed a single high affinity binding site (Kd = 0.175 +/- 0.002 nM) with a maximum binding of 482 +/- 12 fmol/mg of protein. The potencies of dopamine receptor agonists to stimulate [3H]acetylcholine release were correlated with their potencies to stimulate adenylate cyclase (r = 0.784, P less than .05, n = 7) and with their affinities at [3H]SCH 23390 binding sites (r = 0.755, P greater than .05, n = 8). The potencies of antagonists to inhibit dopamine-evoked [3H]acetylcholine release were correlated with their potencies to inhibit the dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase (r = 0.759, P less than .05, n = 5) and with their affinities at [3H]SCH 23390 binding sites (r = 0.998, P less than .01, n = 7). We conclude that in rabbit retina dopamine evokes calcium-dependent [3H]acetylcholine release through activation of a site with the pharmacological characteristics of a D-1 dopamine receptor.
A Prototype Manipulator for Magnetic Resonance-Guided Interventions Inside Standard Cylindrical Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scanners

The aim of this work is to develop a remotely controlled manipulator to perform minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in the abdominal and thoracic cavities, with real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance inside clinical cylindrical MR scanners. The manipulator is composed of a three degree of freedom Cartesian motion system, which resides outside the gantry of the scanner, and serves as the holder and global positioner of a three degree of freedom arm which extends inside the gantry of the scanner At its distal end, the arm's end-effector can carry an interventional tool such as a biopsy needle, which can be advanced to a desired depth by means of a seventh degree of freedom. These seven degrees of freedom, provided by the entire assembly, offer extended manipulability to the device and a wide envelope of operation to the user, who can select a trajectory suitable for the procedure. The device is constructed of nonmagnetic and nonconductive fiberglass, and carbon fiber composite materials, to minimize artifacts and distortion on the MR images as well as eliminate effects on its operation from the high magnetic field and the fast switching magnetic field gradients used in MR imaging. A user interface was developed for man-in-the-loop control of the device using real-time MR images. The user interface fuses all sensor signals (MR and manipulator information) in a visualization, planning, and control command environment. Path planning is performed with graphical tools for setting the trajectory of insertion of the interventional tool using multislice and/or three dimensional MR images which are refreshed in real time. The device control is performed with an embedded computer which runs real-time control software. The manipulator compatibility with the MR environment and image-guided operation was tested on a 1.5 T MR scanner.
Protein deficiency and mucosal granulocytes.

SCRIMSHAW et al.1 have reviewed the evidence relating protein deficiency and bacterial infections. Guggenheim and Buechler2 showed decreased in vitro bactericidal activity of peritoneal fluids from protein-deficient rats while Newberne et al.3 demonstrated impaired clearance of salmonellae from circulation by rats fed low-protein diets.
Power fluctuation reduction methodology for the grid-connected renewable power systems

This paper presents a new methodology for eliminating the influence of the power fluctuations of the renewable power systems. The renewable energy, which is to be considered an uncertain and uncontrollable resource, can only provide irregular electrical power to the power grid. This irregularity creates fluctuations of the generated power from the renewable power systems. These fluctuations cause instability to the power system and influence the operation of conventional power plants. Overall, the power system is vulnerable to collapse if necessary actions are not taken to reduce the impact of these fluctuations. This methodology aims at reducing these fluctuations and makes the generated power capability for covering the power consumption. This requires a prediction tool for estimating the generated power in advance to provide the range and the time of occurrence of the fluctuations. Since most of the renewable energies are weather based, as a result a weather forecast technique will be used for predicting the generated power. The reduction of the fluctuation also requires stabilizing facilities to maintain the output power at a desired level. In this study, a wind farm and a photovoltaic array as renewable power systems and a pumped-storage and batteries as stabilizing facilities are used, since they are best suitable for compensating the fluctuations of these types of power suppliers. As an illustrative example, a model of wind and photovoltaic power systems with battery energy and pumped hydro storage facilities for power fluctuation reduction is included, and its power fluctuation reduction is verified through simulation.
Experimental and numerical investigation of shock-induced distortion of a spherical gas inhomogeneity

Results are presented from a series of experiments and simulations, studying the interaction of a planar shock wave (2.0≤M≤5.0) with a discrete gas inhomogeneity. Experiments and computations confirm that the phenomenology of shock–bubble interactions is fundamentally altered by the changes in the Atwood number. In the case of a low Atwood number, the late time flow field is dominated by coherent vortical structures, whereas in the case of a high Atwood number, the shocked bubble is effectively reduced to a small core of compressed fluid, which trails behind a plume-like structure indicative of a well-developed mixing region.
Possible conformational change in compressed poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)

Abstract Under compression poly( p -phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) fibres fail in a ductile mode without apparent bond cleavage and fracture. However, the molecular origins of this are not well understood. We propose a possible molecular mechanism dominated by change in the amide-carbon-phenyl bond, as opposed to the amide bond.
Use of Canned Computer Programs in Freshman Calculus

(1976). Use of Canned Computer Programs in Freshman Calculus. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 83, No. 5, pp. 375-378.
Two AraC/XylS family members can independently counteract the effect of repressing sequences upstream of the hilA promoter

During infection of its hosts, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) enters the epithelial cells of the small intestine. This process requires a number of invasion genes encoded on Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1), a 40 kb stretch of DNA located near minute 63 of the S. typhimurium chromosome. Expression of S. typhimurium SPI1 invasion genes is activated by the transcription factor HilA. hilA is tightly regulated in response to many environmental conditions, including oxygen, osmolarity and pH. Regulation of hilA expression may serve to limit invasion gene expression to the appropriate times during Salmonella infection. We have mapped the transcription start site of hilA and identified regions of the promoter that are required for the repression of hilA expression by conditions unfavourable for Salmonella invasion. We have also identified two SPI1-encoded genes, hilC and hilD, that can independently derepress hilA expression. HilC and HilD are both members of the AraC/XylS family of transcriptional regulators. A mutation in hilD significantly reduces the ability of S. typhimurium to enter tissue culture cells, whereas a mutation in hilC only modestly affects Salmonella invasion. Based on these results, we have updated our model of Salmonella SPI1 invasion gene regulation. We also speculate on the possible significance of this model for Salmonella pathogenesis.
The sequential organization of behavior in Tamias striatus

Twenty-five eastern chipmunks, Tamias striatus , were studied for 3 years in southeast Ohio. The effect of five factors on the sequential patterning of their behavior was examined using information theory and analysis of dyad transitions. Behavior is more stereotyped (1) in adults than young, (2) in males than females, (3) in the breeding season compared to the nonbreeding season, (4) away from than near home sites, and (5) when a conspecific is nearby rather than when no conspecific is in the vicinity. Stereotypy was also affected by interactions of factors 1 through 5. Differential frequency of specific dyad transitions occurred with the five factors. Stereotypy of behavior with respect to social organization is discussed.
High-voltage spinel cathodes for lithium-ion batteries: controlling the growth of preferred crystallographic planes through cation doping

The high-voltage LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 spinel cathode has become appealing for lithium-ion batteries as it offers fast, 3-dimesional Li-ion diffusion and high power. However, its commercialization is hampered by capacity fade during cycling due to the aggressive reaction between the cathode surface and the electrolyte and dissolution of the active material under the high-voltage operating conditions. We present here an investigation of the nucleation and growth of doped co-precipitated mixed-metal hydroxide precursor particles, and the resulting stabilization of preferred crystallographic surface planes in the final spinel samples. The samples are synthesized by a coprecipitation reaction of the mixed-metal hydroxide precursors with a scalable continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR), followed by firing with lithium hydroxide. The synthesized samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, time-of-fight – secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS), and electrochemical charge–discharge measurements. It is found that doping with certain cations stabilizes the growth of low-energy (111) surface planes, facilitating a long cycle life and fast high-rate performance.
Direct reduction of lead sulfide with carbon and lime; Effect of catalysts:Part i. experimental

The direct reduction of lead sulfide with carbon in the presence of lime was investigated in the temperature range 795 to 989 ‡C. Samples of PbS : 4CaO : 4C mixtures prepared from pure constituents were reacted isothermally under a nitrogen atmosphere. The kinetics of reduction were determined for both the uncatalyzed and the catalyzed reduction processes by thermogravimetry. The catalysts used included K2CO3, Li2CO3, Na2CO3, Rb2CO3, NaF, Na2SO4, and the ternary (K, Li, Na)2CO3 eutectic. The extent of catalysis was strong and the rate increase, in some instances, was as large as 10-fold. The following ranking was developed for the various catalysts studied: Li2CO3 > Rb2CO3 > ternary = NaF = K2CO3 > Na2CO3 > Na2SO4. A detailed study of the effect of temperature on catalyzed reaction kinetics was made with PbS:4CaO:4C mixtures doped with 2.5 wt pet ternary (K, Li, Na)2CO3 catalyst. Different catalysts seem to act through different mechanisms. The gas phase emanating from a reacting PbS : 4CaO : 4C was found to contain little or no SO2 and other sulfur-bearing gaseous species. Independent chemical analysis confirmed that virtually all of the sulfur in the charge is retained as CaS(s) in the final reacted solid product.
A Catalytic Reaction Mechanism for Methane Partial Oxidation at Short Contact Times, Reforming, and Combustion, and for Oxygenate Decomposition and Oxidation on Platinum

Hydrogen production from fuel processing and its utilization in fuel cell technology is recognized as a promising route to future power generation. Reliable chemistry models are necessary to improve the hydrogen generation processes via optimal reactor design. With this objective, here, we present a predictive microkinetic model for CH4 (C1) partial oxidation, combustion, and reforming, as well as oxygenate (CH3OH and CH2O) decomposition and oxidation on platinum, consisting of 104 elementary-like steps. A hierarchical multiscale approach is used in the parameter estimation of bottom-up mechanism building. Thermodynamic consistency is ensured in the C1 mechanism. Important kinetic parameters are identified via sensitivity analysis for various experimental systems, using diverse operating conditions, and only a limited number of important kinetic parameters are refined (four for CH4). The C1 mechanism is extensively validated against several additional experimental data and is observed to be fairly predict...
The Range and Straggling of Protons between 35 and 120 Mev

The range of protons in aluminum, copper, and lead has been determined with a photographic method, using the internal beam of the 95-in. synchrocyclotron of Harvard University. The method allows the simultaneous determination of the range, straggling, and the energy distribution of the protons in the internal beam. The latter was shown to have a half-width of 12 Mev. The experimental results for the range show slight, but significant deviations from tabulated values. Results for the straggling agree well with theory, if the effect of multiple scattering in the absorber is taken into account.
Evidence for the formation of a mononuclear ferric–hydroperoxo complex via the reaction of dioxygen with an (N4S(thiolate))iron(II) complex

Addition of O2(g) at low-temperature to a mononuclear, nonheme iron(II) complex comprising a tetraazamacrocyclic N4 donor and an arylthiolate S donor leads to the generation of a deep red complex assigned as a low-spin FeIII–OOH complex, formed via metal- and ligand-assisted oxidation.
The Zigbee wireless ECG measurement system design with a motion artifact remove algorithm by using adaptive filter and moving weighted factor

The Electrocardiogram(ECG) signal is one of the bio-signals to check body status. Traditionally, the ECG signal was checked in the hospital. In these days, as the number of people who is interesting with periodic their health check increase, the requirement of self-diagnosis system development is being increased as well. Ubiquitous concept is one of the solutions of the self-diagnosis system. Zigbee wireless sensor network concept is a suitable technology to satisfy the ubiquitous concept. In measuring ECG signal, there are several kinds of methods in attaching electrode on the body called as Lead I, II, III, etc. In addition, several noise components occurred by different measurement situation such as experimenter's respiration, sensor's contact point movement, and the wire movement attached on sensor are included in pure ECG signal. Therefore, this paper is based on the two kinds of development concept. The first is the Zibee wireless communication technology, which can provide convenience and simpleness, and the second is motion artifact remove algorithm, which can detect clear ECG signal from measurement subject. The motion artifact created by measurement subject's movement or even respiration action influences to distort ECG signal, and the frequency distribution of the noises is around from 0.2Hz to even 30Hz. The frequencies are duplicated in actual ECG signal frequency, so it is impossible to remove the artifact without any distortion of ECG signal just by using low-pass filter or high-pass filter. The suggested algorithm in this paper has two kinds of main parts to extract clear ECG signal from measured original signal through an electrode. The first part is to extract motion noise signal from measured signal, and the second part is to extract clear ECG by using extracted motion noise signal and measured original signal. The paper suggests several techniques in order to extract motion noise signal such as predictability estimation theory, low pass filter, a filter including a moving weighted factor, peak to peak detection, and interpolation techniques. In addition, this paper introduces an adaptive filter in order to extract clear ECG signal by using extracted baseline noise signal and measured signal from sensor.
Adventitial cystic disease of the femoral vein in a 5-year-old boy mimicking deep venous thrombosis

Adventitial cystic disease of the vein is a rare vascular anomaly with 32 reported cases. A 5-year-old boy initially presented with painless leg swelling. He was misdiagnosed with deep vein thrombosis and treated with 3 months of warfarin. When swelling failed to improve, a magnetic resonance venogram showed a mural cystic lesion of the left common femoral vein. In the operating room, the cyst was excised, relieving the obstructive effect and restoring flow. The swelling resolved within days. This is the first reported case of adventitial cystic disease of the vein occurring in a pediatric patient.
Comparison of a National Weather Service Foster sunshine recorder and the World Meteorological Organization standard for sunshine duration

Abstract A National Weather Service (NWS) Foster sunshine recorder at the Albany, New York, airport is compared with direct solar radiation measurements at the Atmospheric Sciences Research Center (ASRC). A daily percent sunshine record, generated from the ASRC data at thresholds of 210, 120, and 84 W/m 2 , generally indicates lower values than the airport sunshine recorder. As the threshold is lowered, the clear-day agreement improves, but the airport cloudy-day sunshine is higher for all threshold values. The most probable cause of the discrepancy is the tendency for the airport sunshine recorder to become activated under bright skylight even though direct irradiance is below the threshold. Using either the airport or the ASRC daily sunshine record to predict daily global horizontal radiation results in linear relationships, but with different coefficients. The error in predicted daily global horizontal radiation is 8.8% and 14.6% for the ASRC and airport data, respectively. Satellite data can predict daily global horizontal radiation to about 14%, suggesting that little is to be gained from a ground-based measurement of percent sunshine.
Regioselective synthesis of an imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine through selective acylation of 3,4-diaminopyridine : Synthesis of CP-885,316

CP-885,316 (1), an imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine, 4, was prepared from 3,4-diaminopyridine (9). Two routes were demonstrated using the regioselective introduction of either an acetamide at the 3-position or a tert-butylcarbamate at the 4-position.
Proton conductivity of acid-doped meta-polyaniline

Abstract Linear meta -polyaniline ( m -PAni) has been synthesized and proton-conducting polymer membranes have been prepared through solution casting of acid-doped m -PAni. The obtained membranes show good proton conductivities at temperatures above 100 °C, achieving 10 −2.7 S/cm at 120 °C under extremely low-humidity conditions. The effect of doping acids, doping levels and humidity, on the conductivity is discussed.
The effect of iodide on the release of thyroid hormone in hyperthyroidism: further observations.

This study concerns the effect of iodide ion on the thyroid in 10 thyrotoxic patients. Seventy-two hours after a tracer dose of I131, treatment was started with 1-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole and continued throughout the study. After seven days, sodium iodide was given orally, followed in some instances by administration of thyrotropin. By means of electrophoretic and chromatographic analyses, it was shown that the method employed allowed observation of the thyroid hormone secretion rate. It would appear that iodide inhibits the secretion rate by neutralizing thyrotropin at some point after pituitary release of thyrotropin. The data suggest that the hyperthyroidism observed in Graves’ disease is maintained, if not initiated, by a peripheral concentration of thyrotropin equal to that produced by the daily administration of no more than 6 mg. of thyrotropin daily.
Characterization and kinetic analysis of protein tyrosine phosphatase-H2 from Microplitis demolitor bracovirus

The polydnavirus Microplitis demolitor bracovirus (MdBV) encodes 13 genes that share homology with classical protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Prior sequence analysis suggested that five members of the MdBV PTP gene family (ptp-H2, -H3, -H5, -N1 and -N2) encode PTPs, seven family members encode pseudophosphatases, and one family member is a pseudogene. Prior experimental studies further implicated PTP-H2 in disabling the function of host hemocytes following infection by MdBV. Here we report expression of PTP-H2 and selected mutants in Escherichia coli cells as non-fusion or thioredoxin-fusion proteins. Following purification by nickel affinity chromatography, the full-length and mutant proteins ran as single bands of predicted size on SDS-PAGE gels under reducing conditions. The non-fusion form of PTP-H2 exhibited classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics using the phosphopeptide END(pY)INASL and difluoro-4-methylumbiliferyl phosphate (DiFMUP) as substrates. As expected, the non-fusion mutant PTP-H2(C236S) had no enzymatic activity, while the thioredoxin-fusion form of PTP-H2 had low levels of activity. PTP-H2 exhibited optimal activity at pH 4.0 and 26 degrees C in sodium acetate buffer, and its activity was diminished by increasing buffer ionic strength. Activity was also greatly reduced by the presence of copper, heparin, and the classical PTP inhibitor vanadate. Using an anti-PTP-H2 antibody, immunoblotting and immunocytochemical studies only detected PTP-H2 in hemocytes from MdBV-infected Pseudoplusia includens. Overall, our results indicate that PTP-H2 is a functional tyrosine phosphatase that is specifically expressed in MdBV-infected hemocytes.
Rapid fluid content measurement method for fingered flow in an oil–water–sand system using synchrotron X-rays

Abstract The complexity of simultaneous flow of water and non-aqueous phase liquids is largely unappreciated because few techniques permit accurate quantitative measurement of water and oil contents in rapidly changing flow fields. High intensity X-rays were used at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) to obtain rapid, accurate, and non-destructive quantitative measurements of the changing fluid contents in a porous medium during infiltration events. Concomitant temporal pressure measurements were obtained for each liquid phase using rapidly responding tensiometers. The system was used for measuring temporal volumetric fluid content changes during a water finger infiltration into sand saturated with a NAPL (Soltrol-220) in a two-dimensional chamber. The fluid content distribution of a finger in the oil–water system was found to be similar to air–water systems. The hysteretic constitutive relationship between pressure and the content was developed from the data. The relationship was used to explain why the finger did not widen behind the tip, and why, upon re-infiltration, water followed the previously established path. These findings are relevant for cleanup of oil-contaminated sites because it aids in the understanding of hydrologic control which is an essential component of cost-effective in-situ remediation.
Multishot EPI-SSFP in the heart†

Refocused steady-state free precession (SSFP), or fast imaging with steady precession (FISP or TrueFISP), has recently proven valuable for cardiac imaging because of its high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and excellent blood-myocardium contrast. In this study, various implementations of multiecho SSFP or EPI-SSFP for imaging in the heart are presented. EPI-SSFP has higher scan-time efficiency than single-echo SSFP, as two or more phase-encode lines are acquired per repetition time (TR) at the cost of a modest increase in TR. To minimize TR, a noninterleaved phase-encode order in conjunction with a phased-array ghost elimination (PAGE) technique was employed, removing the need for echo time shifting (ETS). The multishot implementation of EPI-SSFP was used to decrease the breath-hold duration for cine acquisitions or to increase the temporal or spatial resolution for a fixed breath-hold duration. The greatest gain in efficiency was obtained with the use of a three-echo acquisition. Image quality for cardiac cine applications using multishot EPI-SSFP was comparable to that of single-echo SSFP in terms of blood-myocardium contrast and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). The PAGE method considerably reduced flow artifacts due to both the inherent ghost suppression and the concomitant reduction in phase-encode blip size. The increased TR of multishot EPI-SSFP led to a reduced specific absorption rate (SAR) for a fixed RF flip angle, and allowed the use of a larger flip angle without increasing the SAR above the FDA-approved limits.
Hormonal effects on the sulfhydryl groups associated with intestinal brush border membrane proteins

Previous studies demonstrated that the administration of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3) to cholecalciferol-deficient chicks rapidly increases the reactivity and amount of the sulfhydryl (HS-) groups in intestinal brush border membranes (BBM). In the present study, the tissue and hormonal specificity of this effect was investigated. The HS- groups of intestinal and renal BBM were enhanced by vitamin D-3 and/or 1,25(OH)2D3, but no change was noted in isolated intestinal mitochondria and purified intestinal basolateral membranes, cardiac sarcolemma and erythrocyte membranes. Other steroid hormones including estradiol, testosterone, aldosterone, cortisol, dexamethasone and progesterone, yielded a response similar to 1,25(OH)2D3 on BBM HS- groups. Triiodothyronine and retinoic acid also resulted in an increase in intestinal BBM HS- groups. In a kinetic approach, using a specific sulfhydryl fluorescent probe (N-7-dimethylamino-4-coumarin-3-yl-maleimide, DACM), the reactivity of the BBM HS- groups was increased by estrogen and testosterone, as was previously shown for 1,25(OH)2D3. Intestinal BBM proteins, labeled with DACM, were separated by gel electrophoresis. Fluorescence scans of the gel showed two heavily labeled bands, one of 110 kDa, putatively brush border myosin I, and one of 43 kDa, putatively actin. Labeling of the 110 kDa protein was increased by 1,25(OH)2D3 and estradiol. Further studies are required to elucidate the physiological meaning of these hormone-mediated increases in reactivity and amount of the BBM sulfhydryl groups, as well as the nature of the intermediate biochemical reactions involved in this response.
The Success of Industrial Mergers

The general impression that "the trusts turned out ill," 68.— The contrary conclusion that the proportion of success was high, 68.— I. A broad conclusion based on an examination of more than 400 companies of the 1900 era, 70.— A primary and a secondary group, 73.— The proportion of business successes above one-half, 76.— II. Earnings on capitalization of a selected sample of mergers compared with Epstein's figures, 78.— III. "Watered stock" not a prevalent phenomenon in the group, 83. — The opposite tendency recently toward undercapitalization, 84.— IV. Reasons for the success of 150 mergers, 87.— Managerial resourcefulness the principal cause, 88.— Reappraisal of the merger era necessary, 89.
Protection with butylated hydroxytoluene and other compounds against intoxication and mortality caused by hexachlorophene

Abstract The antioxidants butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and ethoxyquin protected rats against intoxication and mortality normally produced by hexachlorophene (HCP, 100 mg/kg). BHT also prevented the elevation of cerebrospinal fluid pressure, a central nervous system effect of HCP poisoning. In addition, both phenobarbital and SKF-525A protected against HCP poisoning, with the barbiturate also offering significant protection against triethyltin. l -Ascorbic acid, vitamin E, N,N -diphenyl- p -phenylenediamine and reduced and oxidized glutathione over a range of doses were ineffective in preventing HCP lethality. The protective effect of phenobarbital against HCP and triethyltin intoxication further supports existing evidence of a common or similar mechanism of toxic action for these two structurally dissimilar compounds.