cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving transition delay fault coverage using hybrid scan-based technique

This paper presents a hybrid scan-based transition delay fault test. The proposed technique controls a small subset of scan cells by launch-off-shift method and the rest by launch-off-capture method. An efficient ATPG-based controllability measurement approach is proposed to select the scan cells to be controlled by launch-off-shift or launch-off-capture. In this technique, local scan enable signals are generated on-chip using two local scan enable generator cells. The cells can be inserted anywhere in a scan chain and the area overhead is negligible. The launch and capture information of scan enable signals are transferred into the scan chain during scan-in process. Our technique improves the fault coverage and reduces the pattern count and the scan enable design effort. The proposed hybrid technique is practice-oriented and implemented using current commercial ATPG tools.
Acute joint pathology and synovial inflammation is associated with increased intra-articular fracture severity in the mouse knee.

Summary Objective Post-traumatic arthritis is a frequent cause of disability and occurs most commonly and predictably after articular fracture. The objective of this investigation was to examine the effect of fracture severity on acute joint pathology in a novel murine model of intra-articular fracture. Design Low and high energy articular fractures ( n =25 per group) of the tibial plateau were created in adult male C57BL/6 mice. The acute effect of articular fracture severity on synovial inflammation, bone morphology, liberated fracture area, cartilage pathology, chondrocyte viability, and systemic cytokines and biomarkers levels was assessed at 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days post-fracture. Results Increasing intra-articular fracture severity was associated with greater acute pathology in the synovium and bone compared to control limbs, including increased global synovitis and reduced periarticular bone density and thickness. Applied fracture energy was significantly correlated with degree of liberated cortical bone surface area, indicating greater comminution. Serum concentrations of hyaluronic acid (HA) were significantly increased 1 day post-fracture. While articular fracture significantly reduced chondrocyte viability, there was no relationship between fracture severity and chondrocyte viability, cartilage degeneration, or systemic levels of cytokines and biomarkers. Conclusions This study demonstrates that articular fracture is associated with a loss of chondrocyte viability and increased levels of systemic biomarkers, and that increased intra-articular fracture severity is associated with increased acute joint pathology in a variety of joint tissues, including synovial inflammation, cortical comminution, and bone morphology. Further characterization of the early events following articular fracture could aid in the treatment of post-traumatic arthritis.
Subconjunctival haemorrhage and respiratory distress.

A previously healthy 4-year-old boy was admitted in April, 2000, with a 5-day history of fever, persistent cough, and increasing tachypnoea. On examination, he had bilateral diffuse crackles and wheezes. His white blood cell count was 9 10/L (67% neutrophils), and platelet count 240 10/L. A chest radiograph showed bilateral, diffuse, perihilar interstitial infiltrates. On the third hospital day, tachypnoea persisted, with marked intercostal retractions, severe cough, and intermittent fever. His peripheral oxygen saturation was 70% on 2 L O2 per min by nasal cannula. He developed bilateral subconjunctival haemorrhages, which rapidly tracked around the orbits (figure 1). A second chest radiograph showed increased infiltrates and a left pleural effusion. He was admitted to the intensive care unit, and given vancomycin, ceftizoxime and azithromycin. Cardiac ultrasonography showed no abnormalities. He had no skin rash. His white blood cell count increased to 16·5 10/L (76% neutrophils), with a haemoglobin of 112 g/L, platelet count 164 10/L, prothrombin time 14·7 seconds (control 11·9 seconds), and partial thromboplastin time 32·4 s (control 31 s). C-reactive protein was 103·8 mg/L.
Distributed Hardware-Based Microkernels: Making Heterogeneous OS Functionality a System Primitive

As chips have moved from homogeneous single core systems to much more complex, heterogeneous multi-core systems, the ability to create both uniform and efficient operating system services has begun to diminish. The importance of these services suggests that these primitives should no longer be virtual, but rather physical services built into modern computing devices. In this paper we outline some of the challenges involved in building traditional OS services in heterogeneous computing systems. We present a hardware-based solution that provides basic OS primitives to heterogeneous systems that are both efficient and uniformly accessible to heterogeneous compute elements. A prototype system utilizing a hardware-based microkernel is demonstrated that allows programmers to target systems with ISA-level heterogeneity using a familiar, uniform multithreaded programming model.
Evaluation of a Brief Homework Assignment Designed to Reduce Citation Problems

I evaluated a brief homework assignment designed to reduce citation problems in research-based term papers. Students in 2 developmental psychology classes received a brief presentation and handout defining plagiarism with tips on how to cite sources to avoid plagiarizing. In addition, students in 1 class completed 2 brief homework assignments in which they had to identify information in 1 page of text that required a citation. Results found that students who completed the homework assignments had fewer problems with citations, believed that they had a better understanding of situations that comprised plagiarism, and had more confidence in their ability to avoid plagiarism.
'Fizz Water' and Low Gas Saturated Reservoirs

Summary Numerous dry holes have been drilled based on false hydrocarbon indicators (DHI) and have been attributed to 'fizz water' effects. However, this 'fizz water' concept is illdefined and misunderstood. Newly measured data show that dissolved gas has negligible effect on water velocity. In addition, gas bubbles exsolving from either water or oil have only a small effect on fluid properties at pressures higher than about 20 Mpa (about 3000 Psi). Gas at high in situ pressure and temperature conditions has similar properties to light oil. Realistic gas properties must be used to estimate the properties of gas-liquid mixtures. Trapped original gas distribution in situ may be patchy (in layers or packets), while the exsolved or leaked gas distribution is likely to be relatively homogenous. Although fluid properties and gas distributions are complicated in deep-water reservoirs, seismic evaluation of gas saturation is possible. Developing seismic techniques to quantitatively calibrate hydrocarbon indicators in addition seismic evaluation of rock density and attenuation should lead to new integrated techniques for better evaluation of hydrocarbon saturation.
Extending the Boundaries of Care. Medical Ethics and Caring Practices

Extending the Boundaries of Care. Medical Ethics and Caring Practices. Tamara Kohn and Rosemary McKechnie. eds. New York: Berg, 1999. 206 pp.
Heparin dose adjustment required to maintain goal-activated partial thromboplastin time during therapeutic hypothermia.

Abstract Purpose The impact of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) on unfractionated heparin (UFH) management is essentially unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of TH on UFH dosing and activated partial thromboplastin (aPTT) response. Materials and methods Consecutive patients treated from 2005 to 2011 who received intravenous UFH via a dosing nomogram during TH were included. First, heparin doses and aPTT responses were compared between 2 core temperature groups, less than or equal to 33°C and greater than 35°C. Next, the first aPTT, drawn at 6 hours for temperature less than or equal to 33°C, was assessed. Lastly, a linear model was developed to predict the mean aPTT, based on temperatures and heparin doses. Results Of the 156 TH patients, 68 were included. At temperatures less than or equal to 33°C, 76.3% of all aPTT levels and 81.0% of the first aPTTs were above goal range, respectively. Using a linear model, an UFH dose of 12 U/kg per hour predicts an aPTT of 134 seconds at less than or equal to 33°C. Conclusions Using guideline-recommended heparin dosing without dose adjustment for temperature changes produced excessive aPTT during the cooling phase for TH patients. Reduction in the UFH dose of 43% to 54% may be required during TH. We recommend frequent aPTT monitoring during the cooling and rewarming phases to attain a desired aPTT range.
Are Your Values Mine? Exploring the Influence of Value Congruence on Responses to Organizational Change in a Division I Intercollegiate Athletics Department

Only recently have scholars begun to focus on individual difference factors which can affect responses to organizational change. One individual difference factor neglected by previous research that may have an influence on responses to change is value congruence, or the similarity of values between the individual and the organization. Within the business and sport management fields, there have been few studies that have examined value congruence and organizational change, and none within the intercollegiate athletics context. Therefore, the current research was undertaken to explore the influence of value congruence on employee and student-athlete responses to organizational change in an NCAA Football Championship Subdivision intercollegiate athletic department. Findings revealed that individuals holding benevolence (concern for welfare of close others) values congruent with the organizational value orientation were more accepting of change than individuals holding achievement (obtaining resources for sur...
17β-Estradiol restores antibody responses to an influenza vaccine in a postmenopausal mouse model.

Post-menopausal women belong to an age group that is highly susceptible to influenza infection and its most serious complications. However, data on the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines in these women is limited. Therefore, the antibody response to influenza vaccination was assessed in a postmenopausal mouse model. An inactivated-detergent-split vaccine from the A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) influenza virus strain was given to three groups of mice: ovariectomized (OVEX), OVEX with 17β-estradiol replacement (OVEX + E2), and sham-OVEX. The OVEX + E2 group produced influenza virus-specific serum antibodies, including neutralizing antibodies, at significantly higher levels (p < 0.001) than did OVEX mice. These levels matched those observed in the sham-OVEX group, indicating that ovariectomy negatively modulates the antibody response to the influenza vaccine, whereas 17β-estradiol replacement restores this response to levels observed in intact animals. Our findings suggest that immunogenicity and efficacy of influenza vaccines need to be evaluated in postmenopausal women, including women receiving hormone replacement therapy.
Clinical and radiographic predictors of the etiology of pulmonary nodules in HIV-infected patients.

Study objectives: To determine the etiology and the clinical and radiographic predictors of the etiology of pulmonary nodules in a group of HIV-infected patients. Design: Retrospective analysis. Setting: A large urban hospital in San Francisco, CA. Patients: HIV-infected patients evaluated at San Francisco General Hospital from June 1, 1993, through December 31, 1997, having one or more pulmonary nodules on chest CT. Main outcome measures: Three physicians reviewed medical records for clinical data and final diagnoses. Three chest radiologists blinded to clinical data reviewed chest CTs. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine clinical and radiographic predictors of having an opportunistic infection and the specific diagnoses of bacterial pneumonia and tuberculosis. Results: Eighty seven of 242 patients (36%) had one or more pulmonary nodules on chest CT. Among these 87 patients, opportunistic infections were the underlying etiology in 57 patients; bacterial pneumonia (30 patients) and tuberculosis (14 patients) were the most common infections identified. Multivariate analysis identified fever, cough, and size of nodules < 1c m on chest CT as independent predictors of having an opportunistic infection. Furthermore, a history of bacterial pneumonia, symptoms for 1 to 7 days, and size of nodules < 1c m on CT independently predicted a diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia; a history of homelessness, weight loss, and lymphadenopathy on CT independently predicted a diagnosis of tuberculosis. Conclusions: In HIV-infected patients having one or more pulmonary nodules on chest CT scan, opportunistic infections are the most common cause. Specific clinical and radiographic features can suggest particular opportunistic infections. (CHEST 2000; 117:1023‐1030)
A Study of the Impact of Yoga Âsana on Perceived Stress, Heart Rate, and Breathing Rate

The purpose of this study was to examine how practicing Yoga âsana influences perceived stress level and physiological indicators of stress, such as resting heart rate and breathing rate. The sample consisted of 79 moderately-stressed students enrolled in Yoga âsana classes at a university in Southern California. Students participated in Yoga âsana classes for ten weeks as part of the General Education (GE) Physical Education curriculum. Participants reported data pre- and post-class on resting heart rate, unregulated breathing rate, and perceived stress level. We hypothesized that the practice of Yoga âsana would be associated with decreased stress. Results: Yoga âsana was associated with positive pre- to post-class changes on perceived stress, heart rate, and breathing rate. Participants' pre-class perceived stress and breathing rate decreased during the ten-week period. However, participants' pre-class resting heart rate did not change significantly over the course of the study.
The role of secondary mesenchyme cells during sea urchin gastrulation studied by laser ablation

It has long been thought that traction exerted by filopodia of secondary mesenchyme cells (SMCs) is a sufficient mechanism to account for elongation of the archenteron during sea urchin gastrulation. The filopodial traction hypothesis has been directly tested here by laser ablation of SMCs in gastrulae of the sea urchin, Lytechinus pictus. When SMCs are ablated at the onset of secondary invagination, the archenteron doubles in length at the normal rate of elongation, but advance of the tip of the archenteron stops at the 2/3 gastrula stage. In contrast, when all SMCs are ablated at or following the 2/3 gastrula stage, further elongation does not occur. However, if a few SMCs are allowed to remain in 2/3-3/4 gastrulae, elongation continues, although more slowly than in controls. The final length of archenterons in embryos ablated at the 1/3-1/2 gastrula stage is virtually identical to the final length of everted archenterons in LiCl-induced exogastrulae; since filopodial traction is not exerted in either case, an alternate, common mechanism of elongation probably operates in both cases. These results suggest that archenteron elongation involves two processes: (1) active, filopodia-independent elongation, which depends on active cell rearrangement and (2) filopodia-dependent elongation, which depends on mechanical tension exerted by the filopodia.
In vivo microvascular structural and functional consequences of muscle length changes

As muscles are stretched, blood flow and oxygen delivery are compromised, and consequently muscle function is impaired. We tested the hypothesis that the structural microvascular sequellae associated with muscle extension in vivo would impair capillary red blood cell hemodynamics. We developed an intravital spinotrapezius preparation that facilitated direct on-line measurement and alteration of sarcomere length simultaneously with determination of capillary geometry and red blood cell flow dynamics. The range of spinotrapezius sarcomere lengths achievable in vivo was 2.17 +/- 0.05 to 3.13 +/- 0.11 microns. Capillary tortuosity decreased systematically with increases of sarcomere length up to 2.6 microns, at which point most capillaries appeared to be highly oriented along the fiber longitudinal axis. Further increases in sarcomere length above this value reduced mean capillary diameter from 5.61 +/- 0.03 microns at 2.4-2.6 microns sarcomere length to 4.12 +/- 0.05 microns at 3.2-3.4 microns sarcomere length. Over the range of physiological sarcomere lengths, bulk blood flow (radioactive microspheres) decreased approximately 40% from 24.3 +/- 7.5 to 14.5 +/- 4.6 ml.100 g-1.min-1. The proportion of continuously perfused capillaries, i.e., those with continuous flow throughout the 60-s observation period, decreased from 95.9 +/- 0.6% at the shortest sarcomere lengths to 56.5 +/- 0.7% at the longest sarcomere lengths and was correlated significantly with the reduced capillary diameter (r = 0.711, P < 0.01; n = 18). We conclude that alterations in capillary geometry and luminal diameter consequent to increased muscle sarcomere length are associated with a reduction in mean capillary red blood cell velocity and a greater proportion of capillaries in which red blood cell flow is stopped or intermittent. Thus not only does muscle stretching reduce bulk blood (and oxygen) delivery, it also alters capillary red blood cell flow dynamics, which may further impair blood-tissue oxygen exchange.
Human Resources in Japanese Industrial Development

This article presents a review of the book “Human Resources in Japanese Industrial Development,” by Soloman B. Levine and Hisashi Kawada.
Tolerable Risks? Physicians and Youth Tackle Football.

Despite finding that eliminating tackling from youth football would probably reduce the incidence of concussions and other severe injuries, the American Academy of Pediatrics has merely proposed enhancing adult supervision of the sport.
Responses of leaf anatomy to light environment in the tree fern Cyathea caracasana (Cyatheaceae) and its application to some ancient seed ferns

The ecological interpretation of extinct plants requires that function-based ecological analogy be made between extant and extinct organisms. Particularly for non-angiosperms, such analogy has been reluctantly assumed. Using a nonangiosperm model, this study identifies a specific suite of characters that can be used to interpret light environments for ancient plants. The tree fern Cyathea caracasana is used as a living model because it offers structural and architectural analogy with ancient tree ferns and some Paleozoic free-standing arborescent pteridosperms. A variety of leaf anatomical and morphological measurements were made on 34 individuals growing in secondary forest and abandoned pasture at Reserva Natural La Planada, Nariho, Colombia. Leaf characters were correlated with sitelight conditions quantified from hemispherical photographs. Spearman correlation coefficients show that blade size, petiole length, and palisade/ spongy mesophyll ratio are well correlated with light environment. Significant relationships were also observed in frond surface area, thickness of ultimate segment, epidermis thickness, and hypodermis thickness. Although some features may be influenced by nutrient and water status, a well-developed palisade layer and thick hypodermis are specific indicators of light environment that vary plastically in Cyathea caracasana. These data can be used to refine ecological interpretations of extinct foliage; Alethopterisand Neuropteristype medullosan pteridosperms of the Middle Pennsylvanian (Westphalian) of Euramerica provide an illustrative example. INTRODUCTION
The Relations Between Teasing and Bullying and Middle School Standardized Exam Performance

This study examined the relations between the schoolwide prevalence of teasing and bullying (PTB) and schoolwide academic performance in a sample of 271 Virginia middle schools. In addition, the st...
Operating situation of China's main equipment protections in 2001

The operating situation of China's main equipment protections in2001is introduced,including100MW and above generato r protection(generator and transformer set),50Mvar and above phase-angle regulator protection,220kV and above transformer and bus protection,and high voltage reactor protection.In order to improve the operation of protections,with the incident examples,the improper protection performances caused by the responsibilities of operating management ,manu-facture and other departments are analyzed and the countermeasures are proposed.
Exercise and Lipids

We have learned a substantial amount about the influence of exercise on plasma lipoprotein status in women. However, studies on women still lag behind those on men, and much detail remains to be filled in. For instance, the fluctuating sex hormone levels in women during the month produce substantial variations in plasma lipoprotein levels, which needs further investigation and must be considered in studies on premenopausal women. Meanwhile, it seems clear that athletes engaging in aerobic sports at a high level are particularly favored with respect to their low overall risk of coronary heart disease and, in particular, to their highly favorable plasma lipoprotein pattern.
The Effects of Political Economy on Intellectual Property

This chapter focuses on the effect of political economy systems on the formation of IP Systems (IPS), and thereby on the strength of IPP. First, it discusses the political systems from democratic to totalitarian regimes and their impact on a country’s IPS. Second, attention is drawn to four legal systems — civil, common, theocratic legal regimes and pluralistic — and their influence on the formation of IPS. Finally, the chapter elaborates the effects of three economic systems — market-driven, command and mixed economy — on the formation of IPS.
Institutionalized Involvement: Teams and Stress in 1990s U.S. Steel

Is employee involvement universally either good or bad, a “best practice” or an exploitative tool - or do its effects depend on context? To shed light on this issue, I ask the following question: Do organizational–cultural factors determine whether employees are stressed by membership in teams? By constructing mixed‐effects models from a large mid‐1990s survey of U.S. steel employees, I find that team membership is linked to increased stress only when implemented in cultural contexts of conflict and distrust. I conclude that the unintended consequences of institutionalized formal practices depend on organizationally specific cultural conditions.
Extending Attribution Theory: Considering Students' Perceived Control of the Attribution Process.

Research in attribution theory has shown that students’ causal thinking profoundly affects their learning and motivational outcomes. Very few studies, however, have explored how students’ attribution-related beliefs influence the causal thought process. The present study used the perceived control of the attribution process (PCAP) model to examine the motivational impact of these beliefs. PCAP consists of 2 subconstructs: perceived control of attributions (PCA), which refers to students’ perceived capability to influence attributional thought and awareness of motivational consequences of attributions (AMC), which refers to students’ understanding that attributions have behavioral and psychological consequences. We pursued 4 research goals and found evidence to support the following: (a) PCA and AMC are structurally independent beliefs; (b) PCA and AMC are differentially related to motivational outcomes; (c) levels of PCA and AMC vary significantly between controllable and uncontrollable events; and (d) the validity of the PCAP model where PCA and AMC related to cognitive reappraisal strategies, which, in turn, mediated a path toward an adaptive attribution style, autonomy, and subjective well-being. Students who adopted PCA and AMC experienced more favorable motivational outcomes than students who adopted 1 or neither of the beliefs. The results suggest that these attribution-related beliefs enhance the quality of students’ causal thinking and help to sustain a sense of autonomy and well-being.
The Confucian Egalitarian Code

This chapter investigates how Confucianism, an inevitable socio-religious force among Koreans/Korean Americans, has fundamentally influenced the constructs of Korean American faith in deep theological relation with the other codes. Although there seems to be only one rigid form or style of Confucian practice in the Korean American church under the top patriarchal leadership of the male elder pastor, in reality there have been several recent style variations. The chapter presents two of them that are most widely accepted and practiced: the God the Father style and the Mother as Good Mentor style.
Cystic Dilatation of the Conus Ventriculus Terminalis

The ventriculus terminalis (VT) of the conus medullaris referred to as the fifth ventricle is the ependymal-lined space in the middle of the conus. It is present in childhood and its presence in adults is rare as dilatation to form a cyst is also rare. Cystic dilation causes cauda equine syndrome.
The Armenian Monastic Complex of St. Mary, Famagusta

Within the walls, Famagusta is the small church of the Holy Virgin once part of the Armenian monastery of Kanch‘owor (crying out), thus Lady of Sorrow. Structurally, the church is sound, having undergone renovations in the 1930s and 1940s while still in Armenian hands, and again in the past decade. It was seized by Turkish Cypriots after the events of 1963–1965. In 1974, just prior to the Turkish invasion of the island, the building was being used as a residence by a poor family.
Platelet microparticles: small payloads with profound effects on tumor growth

It has long been known that platelets facilitate metastasis formation (1). In cancer, platelets are known to contain tumor related microRNA and serve as a biomarker for cancer (2-4). Cancer related platelet profiles also associate with consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer (5).
Predicting Productive Binding Modes for Substrates and Carbocation Intermediates in Terpene Synthases-Bornyl Diphosphate Synthase as a Representative Case.

Terpene synthases comprise a family of enzymes that convert acyclic oligo-isoprenyl diphosphates to terpene natural products with complex, polycyclic carbon backbones via the generation and protection of carbocation intermediates. To accommodate this chemistry, terpene synthase active sites generally are lined with alkyl and aromatic, i.e., nonpolar, side chains. Predicting the correct, mechanistically relevant binding modes for entire terpene synthase reaction pathways remains an unsolved challenge. Here, we describe a method for identifying such modes: TerDockin, a series of protocols to predict the orientation of carbon skeletons of substrates and derived carbocations relative to the bound diphosphate group in terpene synthase active sites. Using this recipe for bornyl diphosphate synthase, we have predicted binding modes that are consistent with all current experimental observations, including the results of isotope labeling experiments and known stereoselectivity. In addition, the predicted binding m...
A Pox on All Your Houses: Susceptibility, Immunity, and the Dilemma of Allegory in A Mercy

The white supremacist political imaginary driving social relations in the town of Silk occurred at the intersection of power and pleasure. In that respect, the black community was both a victim of and culpable in, its subordination. Though Cosey’s Resort presented the illusion of black counter-public space, in fact it relied on the same kinds of misogynist forms of self-interest to be found in the dominant imaginary.
Likelihood-based Fits of Folding Transitions (LiFFT) for Biomolecule Mapping Data

Biomolecules shift their structures as a function of temperature and concentrations of protons, ions, small molecules, proteins, and nucleic acids. These transitions impact or underlie biological function and are being monitored at increasingly high throughput. For example, folding transitions for large collections of RNAs can now be monitored at single residue resolution by chemical mapping techniques. LIkelihood-based Fits of Folding Transitions (LIFFT) quantifies these data through well-defined thermodynamic models. LIFFT implements a Bayesian framework that takes into account data at all measured residues and enables visual assessment of modeling uncertainties that can be overlooked in least-squares fits. The framework is appropriate for multimodal techniques ranging from chemical mapping including multi-wavelength spectroscopy. Freely available MATLAB package at https://ribokit.stanford.edu/LIFFT. The author is grateful for pre-publication comments; please use https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Be4kMJ_7GuIRuiKBnKGwXTjcBt9aasRk5FtM9Tx8wr0/edit?usp=sharing.
Tutorial: Bolted Joints and Tribomechadynamics

The mechanics of jointed structures is a challenging research area that necessitates collaboration from multiple disciplines. Traditionally, jointed structures have been studied in isolation by three major fields – structural dynamics, contact mechanics, and tribology. The foundation of the field of tribomechadynamics is in the notion that collaboration between these three fields is necessary to advance the state-of-the-art for joint modeling. In this tutorial, the state-of-practice, state-of-the-art, and cutting edge research for joint mechanics is presented.
Immersed boundary simulation of the cochlea: recent results

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the results of a series of large scale computer simulation experiments with a realistic and detailed model of the human cochlea. The model uses a 3D, curved description of the cochlear anatomy, with the material properties of the curved elastic surfaces within the cochlea (such as the basilar membrane) is described using the partial differential equations of shell theory. The fluid-structure interactions are computed using the immersed boundary method. The simulation code is numerically computational intensive, so experiments require the use of a partitioned supercomputer, the 32 processor Hewlett Packard “SuperDome” installed at Caltech's Center for Advanced Computing Research. The simulation results are in good general agreement with the accepted macro-mechanical behavior of the cochlea: a traveling wave on the Basilar Membrane is observed, which rises to a broad maximum excursion, and is followed by a sharp descent. Moreover, the experimental results reveal a wave pattern that has additional unexpected features that prompt further investigation. In particular, it is found that while the wave pattern is continuous and smooth; its envelope is not smooth: there are locations along the basilar membrane where the envelope of the wave rises or falls very sharply. The nonsmooth locations depend on the input frequency.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis in the Urgent Anesthesia Setting

The case examines the approach to an acutely decompensated diabetic. We cover the differentiation between diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic, hyperosmolar states, along with the pathophysiology of these clinical entities. Fundamental formulas for calculating anion gap and serum osmolality are included, and an in-depth protocol treating these pathologic states in the urgent anesthesia setting is also described.
Mathematical Formulations for Three Components of Hydroperiod in Tidal Wetlands

Hydroperiod has numerous ecological function and effective methods for calculating hydroperiod would be valuable for different ecological or biological studies. However, accurate computation of hydroperiod remain challenging mainly due to absence of accurate mathematical formulation. Additionally, computing hydroperiod is complex due to the daily fluctuating water levels from tides, wind, river flows, and other meteorological events. This research presents quantitative formulations for three components of hydroperiod (flooding depth, frequency, and duration) directly from the physical dynamics of water surface movement in a tidal wetland. A set of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) tide gauges along the U.S. West, East, and Gulf coasts are selected to demonstrate the application of the new formulations. The computational results in terms of duration are compared with Morris non-dimensional depth (D) of hydroperiod. The comparison indicates that D is a linear-triangular approximation of sinusoid tide curve and it would generally be a good estimate of the duration component of hydroperiod within the tidal range and the accuracy of D depends on geographic location of the stations that determine the tidal regimes. Whereas the proposed formulation is not limited to variations in tide regimes and can be used as a powerful tool to determine hydroperiod.
Tuberculosis of the Temporomandibular Region

Objective: To describe a unique case of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) of the temporomandibular area focusing on its insidious and destructive course over a 2-year period with insights into the diagnostic and therapeutic pitfalls encountered throughout its clinical development. Methods: Study Design: Case Report Setting: Tertiary Government Hospital Patient: One Results: A 33-year old man initially presented with right pre-auricular swelling and trismus that were unresponsive to antibiotic therapy. On subsequent follow-ups, initial symptoms were accompanied by a non-healing right pre-auricular wound, right ear discharge, trismus, and right facial paralysis (House-Brackmann III). Cranial and temporal bone computed tomography scans revealed osteolytic destruction of the right temporomandibular region extending to the auditory canal and of the right mastoid bone extending to the right mandibular condyle and parotid. Infected malignancy of the parotid, mandible and temporal bone were considered, but definitive diagnosis from an incision biopsy revealed caseating granulomatous inflammation consistent with tuberculosis. He was started on anti-tuberculosis medications with significant resolution of pre-auricular swelling, non-healing pre-auricular wound, facial paralysis and ear discharge but minimal improvement in mouth opening. Conclusion: Tuberculosis of temporomandibular region is rare and is associated with nonspecific manifestations. Delay in diagnosing and initiating appropriate treatment can lead to morbidity and serious complications involving destruction of the temporal bone, middle ear, mandible and parotid gland over its progression. A high index of suspicion by the physician and awareness of the patient’s health seeking behaviors could have aided in the early diagnosis and treatment of this extrapulmonary TB. Keywords: tuberculosis, temporomandibular region, pre-auricular swelling, trismus, antituberculosis therapy, facial paralysis, chronic mastoiditis, ear discharge
PTJ Editorial Board 2013/2014

Why is “change” so very difficult? The change in our global climate has created fear because of the predicted consequences to the planet. The change mandated by the Affordable Care Act in the United States has led to uncertainty for physical therapists who ponder their roles in the revised health care system. Some clinicians worry that the introduction of robotics or virtual reality will make them obsolete. Some educators who have honed the craft of storytelling are fearful of flipping the classroom into an environment for discussion or debate. Here in Philadelphia, the azaleas, peonies, lettuce, and radishes brought glorious color and tasty spring treats; as summer approaches, the roses are in bud, the blueberries are beginning to turn that spectacular deep purple color, the corn is almost knee high, and the tomatoes and green beans are adorned with flowers. No season is superior—each season ushers in something new and fresh and exciting—and something uncertain. So it is with journals. It is the job of the editor in chief to periodically change the mix of the Editorial Board. As I say goodbye to some of our current Editorial Board members, I am grateful to each of them for all that they have done to improve the number …
Analyzing fidelity and reproducibility of DNA templated plasmonic nanostructures

Synthetic DNA templated nanostructures offer an excellent platform for the precise spatial and orientational positioning of organic and inorganic nanomaterials. Previous reports have shown its applicability in the organization of plasmonic nanoparticles in a number of geometries for the purpose of realizing tunable nanoscale optical devices. However, translation of nanoparticle–DNA constructs to application requires additional efforts to increase scalability, reproducibility, and formation yields. Understanding all these factors is, in turn, predicated on in-depth analysis of each structure and comparing how formation changes with complexity. Towards the latter goal, we assemble seven unique plasmonic nanostructure symmetries of increasing complexity based on assembly of gold nanorods and nanoparticles on two different DNA origami templates, a DNA triangle and rhombus, and characterize them using gel electrophoresis, atomic force- and transmission electron microscopy, as well as optical spectroscopy. In particular, we focus on how much control can be elicited over yield, reproducibility, shape, size, inter-particle angles, gaps, and plasmon shifts as compared to expectations from computer simulations as structural complexity increases. We discuss how these results can contribute to establishing process principles for creating DNA templated plasmonic nanostructures.
Patterns in Opioid Prescription for Patients Operatively Treated for Ankle Fractures Following Implementation of 2017 Ohio Opioid Prescriber Law

Background:The purpose of this study was to report patterns of opioid prescription for patients treated operatively for ankle fractures after implementation of the 2017 Ohio Opioid Prescriber Law i...
The Impact of a Brief Meeting on Employer Attitudes, Knowledge, and Intent to Hire:

We evaluated the ability of an intervention that consisted of a one-on-one meeting between a vocational rehabilitation (VR) professional and an employer to improve employer attitudes, knowledge, an...
Temporal dynamics of muscle optical properties during degeneration and regeneration in a canine muscle xenograft model

We studied time-dependent changes in muscle optical properties during degeneration and regeneration using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PSOCT). Excised canine muscle transplants in a xenograft mouse model were imaged ex vivo from 3- to 112-day post-transplantation. PSOCT images were quantified to evaluate post-transplantation changes of three optical/structural properties: attenuation, birefringence and fiber alignment. The birefringence and fiber alignment decreased after transplantation until 20∼30-day and recovered thereafter. The attenuation coefficient showed a reversed trend over the same period of time. These results suggest that optical properties could be used for monitoring skeletal muscle degeneration and regeneration.
The Effect of Pitch Auditory Feedback Perturbations on the Production of Anticipatory Phrasal Prominence and Boundary

Purpose In this study, we investigated how the direction and timing of a perturbation in voice pitch auditory feedback during phrasal production modulated the magnitude and latency of the pitch-shi...
Human-prosthesis coordination: A preliminary study exploring coordination with a powered ankle-foot prosthesis.

Abstract Background Powered ankle-foot prostheses were developed to replicate the mechanics of the biological ankle by providing positive work during the push-off phase of gait. However, the benefits of powered prostheses on improving overall human gait efficiency (usually quantified by metabolic cost) have not been consistently shown. Here, we have focused on the mechanical work produced at the prosthetic ankle and its interaction with the amputee's movement. Methods Five unilateral transtibial amputees walked on a treadmill using 1) a powered ankle-foot prosthesis and 2) their daily passive device. We determined the net ankle work and ankle work loops on the prosthesis-side to quantify the efficiency of the human-prosthesis physical interaction. We further studied peak propulsion timing and the posture of the amputee's lower limb and prosthesis as indicators of the human-prosthesis coordination. Comparisons were made between the passive and powered prosthesis conditions for each participant. Findings The powered prosthesis did not consistently increase net ankle work compared to each participant's passive device. For participants that lacked efficiency in interacting with the powered prosthesis, we observed 1) early prosthesis-side peak propulsion timing (≥ 4% earlier) and 2) a more vertical residual shank at the time of peak propulsion (> 2° more vertical) indicating that the human's limb movement and the prosthesis control during push-off were not well coordinated. Interpretation Results from this preliminary study highlight the need for future work to systematically quantify the coordination between the human and powered prosthesis and understand how such coordination at the joint level influences overall gait efficiency.
Catheter-Directed Therapy: Outcomes Versus Standard of Care and Evaluation of Current Practice.

Abstract Background Small studies have noted benefit with the use of catheter-directed therapy (CDT) versus standard of care in treatment of pulmonary embolism, but none have focused on the variability of clinical practice with this modality. Methods International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes were used to retrospectively identify consecutive adult patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) with pulmonary embolism over a 2-year period. We evaluated inpatient mortality and major bleeding and assessed treatment variation. Results : Of 284 patients included, 46 underwent CDT (9 massive pulmonary embolism, 37 submassive pulmonary embolism). Significantly more patients who underwent standard treatment had a history of congestive heart failure and diabetes. Obesity, higher troponin levels, and right heart strain were significantly more likely in the CDT group. No significant difference in inpatient mortality or major bleeding events was observed between the treatment groups. Tissue plasminogen activator use varied widely in the CDT group, and inferior vena cava filter utilization was significantly more common in the CDT group (18; 41%) compared with the standard group (40; 17%) (P Conclusions In this study, no significant difference in inpatient mortality or major bleeding was found in patients in the intensive care unit with pulmonary embolism who underwent CDT compared with standard care. It may be beneficial to standardize this procedure given the potential benefit of CDT in patients with submassive pulmonary embolism.
Nora Charles goes to rehab: making over Myrna Loy in The Best Years of Our Lives

This essay examines the gendering of alcohol consumption in The Best Years of Our Lives (William Wyler, 1946) using Myrna Loy’s performance as Nora Charles in The Thin Man (W. S. Van Dyke, 1934) as...
The prognostic role of matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) in scleroderma associated interstitial lung disease.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) has the highest mortality rate amongst rheumatologic diseases [1]. It is characterised by endothelial dysfunction resulting in a small vessel vasculopathy leading to inflammation and fibrosis of skin and internal organs, including the lungs [1]. Pulmonary manifestations of SSc (pulmonary hypertension and interstitial lung disease (ILD)) account for the majority of deaths in these patients, and ILD alone accounts for a third of the mortality observed in SSc patients [2]. Footnotes This manuscript has recently been accepted for publication in the European Respiratory Journal . It is published here in its accepted form prior to copyediting and typesetting by our production team. After these production processes are complete and the authors have approved the resulting proofs, the article will move to the latest issue of the ERJ online. Please open or download the PDF to view this article.
A Laboratory Evaluation of the Effects of Electronic Countermeasures on System Performance

The present research program was designed to make optimum use of selected laboratory and analytical methods for purposes of simulating a relatively complex man-machine system. Results of this research program indicate that the laboratory approach, when applied within a systems framework, offers an efficient and meaningful method for the evaluation of ECM effectiveness.
Modular Denotational Semantics for Compiler Construction

We show the benefits of applying modular monadic semantics to compiler construction. Modular monadic semantics allows us to define a language with a rich set of features from reusable building blocks, and use program transformation and equational reasoning to improve code. Compared to denotational semantics, reasoning in monadic style offers the added benefits of highly modularized proofs and more widely applicable results. To demonstrate, we present an axiomatization of environments, and use it to prove the correctness of a well-known compilation technique. The monadic approach also facilitates generating code in various target languages with different sets of built-in features.
Capillaria hepatica: Granuloma formation to eggs: II. Peripheral immunological responses

Abstract Peripheral immunological responses were assessed by indirect hemagglutination, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, gel diffusion, and delayed dermal reactivity in mice with experimental primary and secondary Capillaria hepatica egg granulomas. Agglutinating and homocytotropic antibodies as well as delayed dermal reactivity, but not precipitating antibodies, were detected in animals with primary and secondary granulomas. The demonstration of circulating antibody during the course of granuloma formation indicates a possible role for antibody in the response and is cause for a reassessment of the etiology of experimental helminth egg granulomas.
Spectral Versus Pseudospectral Solutions of the Wave Equation by Waveform Relaxation Methods

We examine spectral and pseudospectral methods as well as waveform relaxation methods for the wave equation in one space dimension. Our goal is to study block Gauss–Jacobi waveform relaxation schemes which can be efficiently implemented in a parallel computing environment. These schemes are applied to semidiscrete systems written in terms of sparse or dense matrices. It is demonstrated that the spectral formulations lead to the implicit system of ordinary differential equations Wa′ e Sa + g(t) w, with sparse matrices W and S which can be effectively solved by direct application of any Runge–Kutta method. We also examine waveform relaxation iterations based on splittings W e W1−W2 and S e S1 + S2 and demonstrate that these iterations are only linearly convergent on finite time windows. Waveform relaxation methods applied to the explicit system a′ e W−1Sa + g(t) W−1w are somewhat faster but less convenient to implement since the matrix W−1S is no longer sparse. The pseudospectral methods lead to the system U′ e \tilde DU + g(t) w with a differentiation matrix \tilde D of order one and the corresponding waveform relaxation iterations are much faster than the iterations corresponding to the spectral cases (both implicit and explicit).