cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of Ca(OH)2 decomposition in pure Ca(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2-CaTiO3 composite pellets for application in thermochemical energy storage system

Abstract Thermochemical energy storage based on dehydration-hydration of Ca(OH)2/CaO reversible gas solid reaction offers an important way of understanding energy storage/release rates of energy storage system. The aim of study is to achieve better understanding of kinetics of Ca(OH)2 decomposition under isothermal conditions and to enhance reaction rate by addition of inert agent. Thermogravimetric analyzer was used to perform kinetic analysis of pure Ca(OH)2 decomposition at various temperatures, yielding kinetic parameters - activation energy and Arrhenius constant with derived rate control equations for isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. CaTiO3 is added to Ca(OH)2 at different compositions to enhance kinetic parameters in form of composite pellets which showed significant increase in activation energy and Arrhenius constant values. Addition of CaTiO3 assisted in increasing reaction rate likely by increasing reaction surface area. Composite pellets showed promising results to get new advanced hydroxide-based material however further study on cyclic stability of the material is needed.
Real Analytic Plane Geometry

Among the few choices of systems of axioms to construct a geometric model of the plane (for example, via Euclid or Hilbert) we take the least strenuous path; and, in making use of the real number system already in place, we develop real analytic plane geometry using Birkhoff’s axioms of metric geometry. One of the main purposes of this chapter is to explain what is classically known as the Cantor–Dedekind Axiom: The real number system is order-isomorphic to the linear continuum of geometry. Unlike the original approaches of Hilbert and Birkhoff, we are working here in a concrete model of the plane, built from the real number system of Chapter 2. Verifying that the Birkhoff postulates hold in our concrete model is much less demanding than the synthetic (purely axiomatic) approach. Nevertheless, our model oriented exposition still encounters some struggle, as in Sections 5.6–5.7, where the existence and properties of the circular arc length are shown using purely metric tools, and paving the way to trigonometry (Chapter 11). This also gives a precise answer to the question: “What is π?” Once again, this relies on the Least Upper Bound Property of the real number system, the main common thread with the first two chapters. A natural offspring of this technical passage is concluded with an optional section on the (often neglected) Principle of Shortest Distance, given here in full details. To ease up the complexity of the material, we make frequent side tours to develop metric properties of many geometric configurations. We determine all Pythagorean triples not by elementary number theory, but via analytic geometry: the method of rational slopes. We introduce here additional important tools that will play pivotal roles in the sequel: the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality, the AM–GM inequality, and their offsprings. Finally, still in this chapter, we present Archimedes’ duplication method to approximate π, once again with a view to algebraic formulas for many special angles given subsequently in trigonometry in Chapter 11.
Racial disparities in opioid prescriptions for fractures in the pediatric population.

Background and objectives Racial disparities have been well documented in literature regarding pain management. However, few studies have focused on its effect in the pediatric population. This study seeks to examine the relationship between race and opioid prescription patterns for children with fractures. Methods A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing all analgesic prescriptions of discharged pediatric patients (ages 0-21, median 10 years) from a large children's hospital over a five-year period. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to examine racial differences in opioid prescriptions for patients with long bone fractures after adjusting for sex, age, length of stay, and payer type. Results 58,402 analgesic prescriptions were reviewed in this study; 5061 were given for the primary discharge diagnosis of "fracture" of any bone. Overall, 52% of analgesics prescribed for this diagnosis were opioid medications. The relative frequency of opioid prescriptions was 48.7% in Hispanic White patients and 63.1% in non-Hispanic White patients. The odds ratio for non-Hispanic White patients to be prescribed an opioid medication was 1.44 (CI 1.20-1.73) compared to Black patients and to Hispanic White patients after adjustment for sex, age, length of hospital stay, and payer type. The same racial disparity pattern was observed in patients regardless of long bone fracture location. Conclusions Racial bias is suggested in opioid prescription patterns, even in the pediatric population, which may have untoward negative downstream effects. This study delineates the need for improved and standardized methods to adequately treat pain and reduce variations in prescriber habits.
Gauge Enhanced Quantum Criticality Between Grand Unifications: Categorical Higher Symmetry Retraction

Prior work [arXiv:2106.16248] shows that the Standard Model (SM) naturally arises near a gapless quantum critical region between Georgi-Glashow (GG) $su(5)$ and Pati-Salam (PS) $su(4) \times su(2) \times su(2)$ models of quantum vacua (in a phase diagram or moduli space), by implementing a modified $so(10)$ Grand Unification (GUT) with a Spin(10) gauge group plus a new discrete Wess-Zumino Witten term matching a 4d nonperturbative global mixed gauge-gravity $w_2 w_3$ anomaly. In this work, we include Barr's flipped $su(5)$ model into the quantum landscape, showing these four GUT-like models arise near the quantum criticality near SM. Highlights include: First, we find the precise GG or flipped $u(5)$ gauge group requires to redefine a Lie group U(5)$_{\hat q}$ with $\hat q=2$ or $3$ (instead of non-isomorphic analog $\hat q=1$ or 4), and different $\hat q$ are related by multiple covering. Second, we show that the criticality between the GG and flipped $u(5)$ is governed by the traditional symmetry-breaking Landau-Ginzburg paradigm. Third, we show that analogous 3+1d deconfined quantum criticalities, both between GG and PS, and between the flipped $u(5)$ and PS, is governed by the beyond-Landau-Ginzburg paradigm. The SM and GG models can have either 15 or 16 Weyl fermions per generation, while others have 16n Weyl fermions; topological quantum criticality occurs by tuning between the 15n vs 16n scenarios. Fourth, we explore the higher global symmetries. Gauging the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ flip symmetry between GG and flipped $u(5)$ models, leads to a potential categorical higher symmetry that is a non-invertible global symmetry: within a gauge sector $(u(1) \times u(1)) \rtimes \mathbb{Z}_2$, the fusion rule of 2d topological surface operator splits. However, the un-Higgs Spin(10) at UV retracts this categorical symmetry.
Implementing Jet Aircraft Training in a University Setting: Instructor Perceptions and Lessons Learned

This paper presents the findings of a phenomenological study of instructor pilot first-hand experiences when conducting training for collegiate flight students in a jet aircraft. While jet training has been conducted in simulators in the past, this was one of the first instances of training in an actual aircraft. A total of 22 students completed training in a very light jet aircraft during the spring semester of their junior year at the subject university. A group of four instructors conducted both simulator and flight training with the students. Surveys were used to collect data from instructors longitudinally throughout the length of the 16-week semester. At the conclusion of the training period, participants completed a structured interview. The results of those interviews suggested that students excelled in areas such as avionics programming, use of standardized operating procedures, and checklist usage. Students were challenged by the increased operating speeds of the jet aircraft, descent planning, and lesson preparedness. The instructors offered suggestions to enhance the course and provided a summary of the lessons learned.
Applications in the carbohydrate field of reductive desulfurization by Raney nickel.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses various applications in the carbohydrate field of reductive desulfurization by Raney nickel. Reductive desulfurization with Raney nickel is a reaction that requires but the simplest of techniques, is carried out under rather mild conditions, and affords relatively good yields; it is a standard and well-recognized reaction, having found use in practically all the various fields of organic chemistry. The chapter discusses Raney nickel's applications in sugar fields. Desulfurization carried out in aqueous alcohol has been observed to give rise to acetaldehyde; in view of the well-known dehydrogenating action of Raney nickel it seems likely that the solvent may play a part as a hydrogen donor in the reaction. In practice the sulfur-containing derivative is dissolved or suspended in a suitable solvent, treated with a sufficient quantity of Raney nickel, and either left at room temperature or heated under reflux, recovery of the product being effected by concentration of the liquid phase. The utility of Raney nickel desulfurization in solving problems of configuration in the sugar series is demonstrated in the ω-desoxyglycitol series. Reductive desulfurization with Raney nickel of the mercaptolysis products of streptomycin has supplied one of the keys to the elucidation of the structure and configuration of that antibiotic.
A Structural Theory of Social Influence: A Setting in the Scientific Community

Abstract . To illustrate and develop my arguments, I analyze the faculties of science in the physical, biological, and social science divisions of two elite universities. In this chapter, I revisit the theoretical issues introduced in Chapters 1 and 2 and show how these issues are manifested in the scientific community. I argue that agreements formed among scientists in elite universities contribute to a nascent form of corporate organization that Durkheim argued was crucial for the coordination of a highly differentiated social structure. Anomy in Science In The Division of Labor in Society , Emile Durkheim (1933) illustrates his concept of anomy with an analysis of the scientific community. Anomic social organizations lack the system of rules and conventions – agreements between actors in different social positions – that permit the coordination of interdependent parts: Until very recent times, science, not being very divided, could be cultivated almost entirely by one and the same person. But as specialization is introduced into scientific work, each scholar becomes more and more enclosed, not only in a particular science, but in a special order of problems. Science, parceled out into a multitude of detailed studies which are not joined together, no longer forms a solidary whole. (Durkheim 1933, p. 356)
TESTICULAR STEROLS. 3. EFFECT OF GONADOTROPHINS ON THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF TESTICULAR STEROLS.

Abstract Rats were injected with interstitial cell stimulating hormone or human chorionic gonadotrophin (human CG). Interstitial cell stimulating hormone increased the incorporation of labeled acetate into testicular sterols in vivo. Human CG stimulated the incorporation of labeled acetate during incubation in vitro. Most of the increase of incorporation was associated with accumulation of radioactivity in cholesterol and companion C27-sterols. Lanosterol (C30) is demethylated to C27-sterols by homogenates of rat-testicular tissue. Demethylation was stimulated 2- to 3-fold by injections of human CG during the week before incubation. Stimulation was proportional to both the dose and length of exposure to human CG. The increase in enzyme activity was associated with the microsomal fraction of homogenates. Conventional reciprocal graphs of results from incubations with different concentrations of substrate suggest that more active enzyme for demethylation may be present in the homogenates of testicular tissue from human CG-injected rats. Administration of ethionine during the period of injection of human CG did not prevent stimulation. The gonadotrophins did not stimulate demethylation when added in vitro. The maximal rate of demethylation was stimulated by injection of human CG into: rats, 4 and 12; rabbits, 56 and 125; guinea pigs, 125 and 200; and mice 170 and 290 mμmoles of lanosterol demethylated per h per 100 mg of protein for normal and injected animals, respectively.
GESPA: classifying nsSNPs to predict disease association

Background Non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) are the most common DNA sequence variation associated with disease in humans. Thus determining the clinical significance of each nsSNP is of great importance. Potential detrimental nsSNPs may be identified by genetic association studies or by functional analysis in the laboratory, both of which are expensive and time consuming. Existing computational methods lack accuracy and features to facilitate nsSNP classification for clinical use. We developed the GESPA (GEnomic Single nucleotide Polymorphism Analyzer) program to predict the pathogenicity and disease phenotype of nsSNPs.
The Interaction of Acoustic Phonons with Nuclear Spins in Solid 3He

During the past decade many conventional nuclear magnetic resonance experiments have been performed on solid 3He (with inescapable 4He impurities) at temperatures between 1.00 and 0.05°K. Guyer et al. 1 have synthesized the experimental data into a coherent theoretical framework. In their description the Zeeman energy is coupled to the lattice via three different particle motion excitations: vacancy waves, which result from the motion of vacancies in the lattice, tunneling excitation waves, which result from the pairwise interchange of two 3He atoms on adjacent lattice sites, and mass fluctuation waves, which result from the pairwise interchange of a 3He atom and a 4He atom.
A direct bone marrow chromosome technique for acute lymphoblastic leukemia

We describe a direct bone marrow chromosome technique that was developed especially for use in studies of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The features responsible for technical improvements include: the use of RPMI 1640 medium, supplemented with 30% fetal calf serum, to support cellular activity during both specimen transport and Colcemid treatment; the processing of only 0.1 ml of sedimented cells or less per centrifuge tube; the exposure of cells to Colcemid for a maximum of 25 min; control of the total time of exposure to hypotonic solution; the use of a steel wire as a stirring rod (fashioned to fit the centrifuge tube) for mixing cells; slide preparation by a specific edging-flaming technique; the natural aging of the slides to achieve optimal drying; and the use of a modified G-banding procedure that employs Wright's stain. This technique has been used in more than 350 cases of ALL and has consistently provided analyzable banded chromosomes, even in hyperdiploid cases with up to 91 chromosomes. It makes the previously recognized morphological difference between metaphases of residual normal cells and those from the leukemic clone less apparent. The edging-flaming technique of slide preparation is the most important component and is especially appropriate for spreading large numbers of chromosomes in ALL.
An approximate viscous shock layer method for calculating the hypersonic flow over blunt-nosed bodies

The approximate axisymmetric method presented for accurately calculating the surface and flowfield properties of fully viscous hypersonic flow over blunt-nosed bodies incorporates the turbulence model of Cebeci-Smith (1970) and the equilibrium air tables of Hansen (1959). The method is faster than the parabolized Navier-Stokes or viscous shock layer solvers that it could replace for preliminary design determinations. Surface heat transfer and pressure predictions for the present method are comparable with the more accurate viscous shock layer method as well as flight test and wind tunnel data. A starting solution is not required.
Direct spectroscopy of electron and hole scattering

A new spectroscopy has been developed for the first direct probe of carrier-carrier scattering in materials. This spectroscopy provides spatial and energy resolution of the scattering process and has been used to investigate transport, scattering phenomena, and hot-carrier creation in two important metal-semiconductor systems. A theoretical treatment of this scattering spectroscopy yields excellent agreement with experimental spectra and provides direct evidence that carrier-carrier scattering is a dominant energy-loss mechanism in hot-carrier transport.
InSAR analysis of natural recharge to define structure of a ground-water basin, San Bernardino, California

Using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) analysis of ERS-1 and ERS-2 images, we detect several centimeters of uplift during the first half of 1993 in two areas of the San Bernardino ground-water basin of southern California. This uplift correlates with unusually high runoff from the surrounding mountains and increased ground-water levels in nearby wells. The deformation of the land surface identifies the location of faults that restrict ground-water flow, maps the location of recharge, and suggests the areal distribution of fine-grained aquifer materials. Our preliminary results demonstrate that naturally occurring runoff and resultant recharge can be used with interferometric deformation mapping to help define the structure and important hydrogeologic features of a ground-water basin. This approach may be particularly useful in investigations of remote areas with scant ground-based hydrogeologic data.
Uganda--rehabilitation, or redefinition of health services?

Abstract Uganda had one of the best health care delivery systems in Africa. The decade of misrule by Amin saw a collapse of the country and an exodus of doctors and other professions. The 1979 liberation war and subsequent political instability and insecurity further aggrevated the poor health services then available. When political stability was temporarily restored in December 1980 the cash crop export sector took priority over social services and the health budget declined to only 3.5% compared to a former level of 7.5% of government budget. Emergencies in West Nile, Karamoja and the Luwero triangle continued to plague rehabilitation efforts upto 1985. Alternate strategies for improving health are proposed including female education, increased budget allocations, food and nutrition policy and health information. Uganda's prospect for rebuilding the health services has begun with immunization, control of diarrhoeal diseases, nutrition surveillance in Karamoja and an essential drugs programme, but the success of these is depend upon stability and improvement in overall security.
Electric field directed self-assembly of cuprous oxide nanostructures for photon sensing.

We demonstrate a novel chemical-free water-based technique to synthesize various forms of cuprous oxide nanostructures at room temperature. The self-assemblies of these nanostructures are formed by the anodic oxidation of Cu in deionized (DI) water. Direct growth of these nanostructures on SiO2/Si (100) substrate has been successfully achieved by tuning the bias voltage and the growth duration. A variety of nanostructures from one-dimensional nanowires to different complex two- and three-dimensional structures are successfully grown by this method. We show that the morphological evolution in the self-assembly of the structures strongly depends on the spatial electric field distribution on the substrate. Furthermore, the electrical devices made from these nanowire networks exhibit promising photon sensing characteristics under white light illumination and can be exploited for future applications in photodetection and photovoltaic studies at the nanoscale level.
Natural family planning: women deserve the truth.

The most recent data on natural methods of family planning notably on the Billings or ovulation method show statistically significant data on their effectiveness. A study conducted on 1139 couples followed for 2 years has yielded a failure rate of only 1.14%. Another study conducted in 1980 on 55 couples followed for a 2 year period has yielded a similar failure rate. Many experts sustain that NFP methods are not only completely risk-free but are a creative contribution to a couples human experience. The 3 NFP methods are the thermal the sympto-thermal and the ovulation method. NFP methods are not as well known as they deserve to be; women have a right to know all that is available to them in the field of contraception.
Relations between linear models: Implications for the lens model

Abstract Brunswik's lens model has been widely used in the modeling and analysis of judgment tasks and the lens model equation has been an important part of most analyses. In such analyses, researchers often have based arguments and interpretations upon the magnitude of various components of the lens model equation. One component is G, an index of agreement between a linear model of the subject's judgments and a linear model of the task environment. This paper addresses the index G and shows that while in principle −1 ⩽ G ⩽ 1, the distribution of G is often skewed toward high values so that caution must be used in the interpretation of its magnitude. Moreover, the results reported here apply to the relation between linear models in general.
Hematologic and serum biochemical changes in Salmonella ser Typhimurium-infected calves.

Objective—To evaluate hematologic and serum biochemical changes in Salmonella ser Typhimurium infected calves. Animals—16 male 3- to 4-week-old dairy calves. Procedure—13 calves were experimentally infected with S Typhimurium (strains IR715 and CS401, which are derivatives of ATCC 14028), and 3 calves were uninfected controls. Several hematologic and serum biochemical parameters were measured. Results—Hematologic changes included increases in PCV, RBC count, and hemoglobin concentration, associated with a transitory leukopenia characterized by neutropenia and lymphopenia. Biochemical findings included hypoglycemia, increased BUN, creatinine, and fibrinogen concentrations, and decreased sodium, total CO2, calcium, total protein, and albumin concentrations. Increased total bilirubin concentration associated with decreased conjugated bilirubin concentration was also observed. No significant changes in aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, and creatinine kinase activities...
Waste-acceptance criteria and risk-based thinking for radioactive-waste classification

The US system of radioactive-waste classification and its development provide a reference point for the discussion of risk-based thinking in waste classification. The official US system is described and waste-acceptance criteria for disposal sites are introduced because they constitute a form of de facto waste classification. Risk-based classification is explored and it is found that a truly risk-based system is context-dependent: risk depends not only on the waste-management activity but, for some activities such as disposal, it depends on the specific physical context. Some of the elements of the official US system incorporate risk-based thinking, but like many proposed alternative schemes, the physical context of disposal is ignored. The waste-acceptance criteria for disposal sites do account for this context dependence and could be used as a risk-based classification scheme for disposal. While different classes would be necessary for different management activities, the waste-acceptance criteria would obviate the need for the current system and could better match wastes to disposal environments saving money or improving safety or both.
Is the Obesity Epidemic a Public Health Problem? A Review of Zoltan J. Acs and Alan Lyles s Obesity, Business and Public Policy

We review the recent but growing economic literature on the worldwide growth of obesity, relating the review to a recent anthology of articles—Obesity, Business and Public Policy. We discuss the competing explanations for the growth of obesity as well as the role of governments in attempting to limit it.
Detection and characterization of hyperfine-shifted resonances in the proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of Anabaena 7120 ferredoxin at high magnetic fields.

Abstract This paper presents previously unobserved signals in the 1 H NMR spectra of oxidized and reduced [2Fe-2S]-ferredoxin from Anabaena 7120 detected at 400, 500, and 600 MHz. The signals shifted to low field exhibited longitudinal relaxation ( T 1 ) values in the range of 100–400 μs and line widths in the range of 1–10 kHz (at 400 MHz), and the chemical shifts of all signals showed strong temperature dependence. Although the line widths were smaller at lower magnetic fields, the resolution was better at higher magnetic fields. In the oxidized state, a broad signal was detected at 37 ppm, which corresponds to at least 6 protons, and whose chemical shift exhibits positive temperature dependence. This signal also was found in oxidized ferredoxin reconstituted in 2 H 2 O, which excludes the signal as arising from solvent-exchangeable amide protons. In the reduced state, four signals detected between 90 and 140 ppm exhibited negative temperature dependence. These consisted of two pairs of signals, each pair having one component with half the linewidth of the other. On the basis of their chemical shifts, linewidths, longitudinal relaxation properties, and temperature dependence we assigned these resonances to four of the β hydrogens of the ligated cysteines. Two solvent-exchangeable hyperfine-shifted signals were found in the reduced state; these are located upfield of the diamagnetic region. The low-field hyperfine resonances of half-reduced ferredoxin in the presence of sodium dithionite showed a self electron transfer exchange rate that was slow on the NMR scale as observed earlier (Chan, T., and Markley, J. L. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 5982–5987), but the exchange rate was accelerated in the presence of methyl viologen.
Modeling Human Performance with Environmental Stressors: A Case Study of the Effect of Vehicle Motion

Human performance modeling tools are used to predict mission performance as a function of human performance. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory has developed a human performance modeling tool, the Improved Performance Research Integration Tool (IMPRINT), for investigation of the impact on a Soldier's performance when the Soldier subjected to environmental stressors such as heat and cold. IMPRINT has the capability to create user-defined stressors to study the stressors' effect on human performance and therefore system performance. This case study used data from literature to create a user-defined stressor in IMPRINT to predict the effect of riding in a moving vehicle on task time and performance. This capability can provide useful information to system designers. Language: en
Graphic and haptic rendering of a 4-DOF virtual finger interacted with the virtual object at multiple contact points

This paper investigates the simulation of a virtual index finger interacted with an object for a virtual rehabilitation system of human hand. Corresponding to the anatomy of human hand, the virtual finger is modeled as three phalanges which are connected by three joints, which is essentially a 4-Degree-of-Freedom (DOF) open chain mechanism. The special characteristic of the virtual finger poses the special issues on graphic rendering, collision detection, and haptic rendering, which is investigated in this paper. Since the interaction only occurs on the surfaces of the fingers and objects in the rehabilitation application, triangle mesh representation is used to build the geometry model of the virtual hand and the object which are both simplified as rigid bodies for the preliminary research. A graphic rendering method based on the sequence of priority of collision detection is proposed to deal with the various contact situations at which the finger contacts the object with different phalanges. The non-penetration graphic rendering is realized by displaying the virtual finger at the position which is closest to the contact point. This position is searched out from the recorded motion trajectory of the finger. The virtual contact forces are modeled upon the spring-mass model and the joint torques are calculated according to the equilibrium equation of moment. The system experiment result demonstrates that the proposed method can provide the satisfactory graphic and haptic display for various contact situations.
The development of empathy in male schizophrenics.

The development of empathy in schizophrenics depends on the ability of the therapist to relate empathically toward the patient and on getting the latter to accept this relationship. The patient's ability to participate emotionally is traced through stages of testing, then accepting, empathy from the therapist, and finally reacting in kind. This empathy was directed only toward therapists, although a gain in self-assertion and increased cognizance of other patients was evident. Empathy for other patients was not observed. Patients did project their own feelings on other patients rather than participate intimately in exploring and interpreting the other persons' feelings. The significance of these findings is discussed, and further study of the meaning, role and destiny of empathy in schizophrenia is contemplated.
Optical properties of halide and oxide scintillators

Knowledge of optical properties of scintillators is important both for the optimization of scintillator systems and the development of new materials particularly ceramic scintillators. Recent theoretical developments, especially new density functionals that enable accurate prediction of band gaps, have made it possible to perform quantitative calculations of the optical properties of scintillator materials. We used these techniques to obtain optical properties of a large number of high light output halide scintillators. These calculations showed that many halide scintillators have remarkably little optical anisotropy and may be good candidates for development as ceramic scintillators. These include materials such as CaI 2 :Eu 2+ that have very high light output and other favorable properties but are difficult to develop due to crystal growth issues. We review some of our recent results and present new results for CeCl 3 .
Cluster configurations in 7Li.

The effects of adding the d${+\mathrm{}}^{5}$He cluster configuration to a formulation consisting of $^{3}$H+\ensuremath{\alpha}, n${+\mathrm{}}^{6}$Li, and n${+\mathrm{}}^{6}$${\mathrm{Li}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ cluster configurations are examined. The result shows that, because of the reduction effect of the Pauli principle, the improvement in the $^{3}$H+\ensuremath{\alpha} ground-state cluster separation energy and scattering phase shift is only moderate. On the other hand, the calculation also indicates that the deuteron spectroscopic factor in the ground state of $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ is likely to have an appreciable magnitude, in agreement with experimental finding.
A Simple Model for the Study of Shorting Stocks

Based on a simple quantitative model, arguments for and against the shorting of a stock are presented for the following issues: 1) short selling causes the stock’s market price to fall, 2) short selling adds liquidity to the stock, 3) short selling causes the stock’s expected return to rise, 4) short selling increases the stock’s volatility, 5) short selling should be allowed only in the derivatives market, 6) short selling reduces capital for new investments, and 7) short selling may cause a “depression trap” (i.e., where the stock’s market price is stuck at an extremely depressed level, despite a more than adequate number of reasonable bids).
An improved wavemeter for cw lasers

We report on a modified version of our previous moving mirror wavelength measuring interferometer. Its accuracy has been experimentally confirmed to one part in 108. The device is simple and seems ideally suited for cw lasers.
Congruent epidemic models for unstructured and structured populations: Analytical reconstruction of a 2003 SARS outbreak

Both the threat of bioterrorism and the natural emergence of contagious diseases underscore the importance of quantitatively understanding disease transmission in structured human populations. Over the last few years, researchers have advanced the mathematical theory of scale-free networks and used such theoretical advancements in pilot epidemic models. Scale-free contact networks are particularly interesting in the realm of mathematical epidemiology, primarily because these networks may allow meaningfully structured populations to be incorporated in epidemic models at moderate or intermediate levels of complexity. Moreover, a scale-free contact network with node degree correlation is in accord with the well-known preferred mixing concept. The present author describes a semi-empirical and deterministic epidemic modeling approach that (a) focuses on time-varying rates of disease transmission in both unstructured and structured populations and (b) employs probability density functions to characterize disease progression and outbreak controls. Given an epidemic curve for a historical outbreak, this modeling approach calls for Monte Carlo calculations (that define the average new infection rate) and solutions to integro-differential equations (that describe outbreak dynamics in an aggregate population or across all network connectivity classes). Numerical results are obtained for the 2003 SARS outbreak in Taiwan and the dynamical implications of time-varying transmission rates and scale-free contact networks are discussed in some detail.
Atmospheric N Deposition Increases Organic N Loss from Temperate Forests

Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) resulting from fossil fuel combustion has increased N inputs to temperate forests worldwide with large consequences for forest productivity and water quality. Recent work has illustrated that dissolved organic N (DON) often dominates N loss from unpolluted forests and that the relative magnitude of dissolved inorganic N (DIN) loss increases with atmospheric loading. In contrast to DIN, DON loss is thought to be controlled by soil dynamics that operate independently of N supply and demand and thus should track dissolved organic carbon (DOC) following strict stoichiometric constraints. Conversely, DON loss may shift with N supply if soil (SOM) or dissolved organic matter (DOM) is stoichiometrically altered. Here, we assess these two explanations of DON loss, which we refer to as the Passive Carbon Vehicle and the Stoichiometric Enrichment hypotheses, by analyzing patterns in soil and stream C and N in forest watersheds spanning a broad gradient in atmospheric N loading (5–45 kg N ha−1 y−1). We show that soil N and DON losses are not static but rather increase asymptotically with N loading whereas soil C and DOC do not, resulting in enrichment of organic N expressed as decreased soil C:N and stream DOC:DON ratios. DON losses from unpolluted sites are consistent with conservative dissolution and transport of refractory SOM. As N supply increases, however, N enrichment of organic losses is greater than expected from simple dissolution of enriched soils, suggesting activation of novel pathways of DON production or direct N enrichment of DOM. We suggest that our two hypotheses represent domains of control over forest DON loss as N supply increases but also that stoichiometric enrichment of bulk soils alone cannot fully account for large DON losses in the most N-polluted forests.
Self-consistent nuclear spectroscopy with two-nucleon transfer reactions

Abstract An attempt has been made to calculate the wave functions of the lowest J = 0 + states in both the target and the residual nucleus directly from two-particle transfer reactions. Due to serious limitations on the dimensions of the shell model subspace and partly due to the choice of test nuclei, the results are at best only in qualitative agreement with shell-model calculations. Some estimates have been made on the accuracy of nuclear spectroscopy with two-particle as compared to one-particle transfer reactions; and it is shown that the greater uncertainties in the optical-model calculations for two-particle transfer reactions are compensated for by the sensitivity of the cross sections to the shell-model amplitudes.
WATER BALANCE IN THE BRATTLEBORO RAT: SINGLE OR MULTIPLE DEFECTS?*

The total restoration of urinary concentrating ability of the DI rat given daily injections of vasopressin takes several weeks, although complete osmotic equilibrium across the collecting duct is manifest within hours. This suggests that there may be other deficiencies of the renal concentrating mechanism that, if corrected by vasopressin treatment, are corrected more slowly. I have focussed on just three possibilities. First, the morphology of the medullary interstitium is different from normal rats. Perhaps associated with this finding are alterations in the levels of medullary glycosaminoglycans which may have a role to play in water balance. Functional and morphological changes in the juxtamedullary nephrons are also evident. Second, the possibility exists that the countercurrent multiplier of the DI rat operates less efficiently than in the normal animal. Finally, reduced synthesis of PGs in the renal medulla of DI rats may also influence the concentrating mechanism, although in a favorable direction. While most (if not all) of these differences are secondary to the lack of vasopressin, in some instances it appears that it is the high water turnover (possibly the altered chemical composition of the medullary interstitium) that is the primary culprit. While the DI rat remains an excellent model for the study of water balance and the action of vasopressin, the presence of multiple defects within the system should be borne in mind. This is particularly true when comparing data obtained following acute treatment with vasopressin versus that following chronic treatment.
Direct Gating of Microchannel Plates

We investigated whether direct fast gating of microchannel plates (MCP) is possible. Our experiments measured the MCP gain as a function of time (on the nanosecond time scale) for an MCP intensifier tube that was gated by applying voltage to the plate itself. We also examined the dynamic range of an MCP that was being gated. Our results showed that, though an MCP takes milliseconds to recharge, fast gating is not incompatible with this slow recharge time.
Unfaithful Passions: Coding Women Coding Men in Jeremiah 2-3 (4:2)

This close reading of Jeremiah 2:1-4:2 uses critical theory on narrative, metaphor and reader response to investigate the gender symbolism in the text in order to assess its governing symbolic grammar, rhetorical function and reception. Jeremiah's metaphor of the broken marriage functions as a root metaphor that unifies and narratizes the disparate materials in these chapters. The variants between the MT and the LXX Vorlage appear as alternative performances of Jeremiah's metaphor. The majority of variants cluster around the female addressee as a means to ruin the latter's image and sharpen national application of the metaphor. Jeremiah re-encodes Hosea's version of the marriage metaphor to serve new circumstances and create a new configuration of readers. The essay concludes with a contemporary, feminist assessment of Jeremiah's gender symbolism in relation to violence against women.
Effects of Dopamine Infusion on Pituitary Hormone Secretion in Humans

Dopamine, infused at a rate of 4 mug/kg/min for 3-4 h unaccompanied by any significant changes in cardiovascular dynamics, induced a prompt and sustained suppression of circulating prolactin (PRL) levels in normal men and women as well as in patients with hyperprolactinemia. At the discontinuation of the infusion, there was a marked rebound in PRL levels in normal subjects and a rapid return to basal levels in hyperprolactinemic patients. Dopamine infusion also induced a significant fall in LH levels in the normal subjects with a marked rebound in LH levels following the infusion. No significant changes in GH, TSH, and FSH levels were observed. These data indicate that in man a dopaminergic mechanism ixists in the regulation of PRL secretion and that dopamine also exerts an inhibitory effect of LH release.
Tumor 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate concentration as a determinant of 5-fluorouracil response.

The antitumor activity of 5-fluoruoracil (5-FU) for two murine colonie adenocarcinomas was correlated with the concentration and the clearance of the active antimetabolite, 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate (FdUMP). Mice inoculated with a cell suspension of murine colonic adenocarcinomas 38 and 51 were treated with 5-FU (100 mg/kg i.p.) on 3 day post-transplantation. For mice bearing adenocarconoma 38, treatment with 5-FU was associated with a 97 per cent reduction in mean tumor weight a day 30 and a 77 per cent reduction at day 37 of tumor growth. In contrast, mice bearing colonic adenocarcinoma 51, treated with the same dose schedule of 5-FU did not demonstrate a reduction in the rate of tumor growth in vivo. Two hr after i.p. injection of 5-FU (100 mg/kg) the intracellular concentration of free FdUMP in the sensitive tumor 38 was 560 fmoles/μg of DNA. The active antimetabolite was maintained at a concentration in excess of 100 fmoles/μg of DNA for 72 hr. In contrast, the 2-hr free FdUMP concentration in the resistant tumor line 51 was 240 fmoles μg of DNA(P < 0.005), and a concentration in excess of 100 fmoles/μg of DNA was maintained for only 24 hr. There was no difference in the rate of progressive accumulation of the competitive metabolite, deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP), during the first 24 hr of the study. Two hr after i.p. injection of 5-FU (100 mh/kg), [3H] deoxyuridine ([3H]Udr) incorporation into DNA was reduced in both tumor lines to below 3 per cent of control. However, in the sensitive tumor, adeno-carcinoma 38, DNA synthesis was maximally inhibited for 72 hr, compared to 24 hr in the resistant adenocarcinoma 51. The reinitiation of DNA synthesis corresponded to the reduction of free FdUMP concentration to less than 100 fmoles/μg of DNA. There was no linear relationship between the FdUMP/ dUMP ratio and [3H]UdR incorporation into DNA in either tumor line. These data demonstrate that the peak tumor FdUMP concentration and the kinetics of its clearance correlated with the responsiveness of the two specific murine tumors to 5-FU. The measure of peak FdUMP level should be tested for its potential clinical application as a means of selecting patients with gastrointestinal and breast cancer to be treated with this agent.
Uric Acid Levels, Kidney Function, and Cardiovascular Mortality in US Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1988-1994 and 1999-2002

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hyperuricemia often coexist, and both conditions are increasing in prevalence in the United States. However, their shared role in cardiovascular risk remains highly debated. Study Design Cross-sectional and longitudinal. Setting & Participants Participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1988 to 2002 (n=10,956); data were linked to mortality data from the National Death Index through December 31, 2006. Predictors Serum uric acid concentration, categorized as the sex-specific lowest ( Outcomes Cardiovascular death and all-cause mortality. Results Uric acid levels were correlated with eGFR cr-cys ( r =−0.29; P r =0.04; P cr-cys (HR, 1.25; 95%CI, 0.89-1.75). The pattern of association between uric acid levels and all-cause mortality was similar. Limitations GFR not measured; mediating events were not observed. Conclusions High uric acid level is associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, although this relationship was no longer statistically significant after accounting for kidney function.
The role of brain extracellular proteins in neuroplasticity and learning

1. Double labeling studies of the pattern of protein synthesis in goldfish and mouse brain identified a class of glycoproteins (the ependymins) whose turnover rate was enhanced after training. A variety of control experiments indicated that these macromolecules have an important role in the molecular and cell biology of learning. Antisera to the ependymins when injected into the brains of trained goldfish cause amnesia of a newly acquired behavior. 2. Isolation and localization studies by immunocytochemical methods indicate that the ependymins are released into the brain extracellular fluid by a class of neurosecretory cells. In mammalian brain ependymin-containing cells are highly concentrated in the limibic system. 3. The ependymins are constituted from two disulfide-linked acidic polypeptide chains (M.W. 37K and 31K). They contain at least 5% covalently bound carbohydrate per chain with mannose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid as the predominant components. 4. The highly soluble ependymins can rapidly polymerize to form an insoluble fibrous matrix if calcium is removed from solution by the addition of a Ca2+ -chelating agent or dialysis. 5. The self-aggregation property of the ependymins can be triggered by the depletion of Ca2+ from the extracellular space. Studies of the kinetics of the aggregation phenomenon by measurements of turbidity changes indicate that the process can be terminated but not reversed by restoring Ca2+ to its normal CSF level. 6. Immunohistochemical studies of the brains of trained goldfish show the presence of punctate statining sites in the perimeter of certain cells located in specific brain regions. This suggests that ependymin aggregation might occurin vivo during learning. 7. A molecular hypothesis relating the aggregation properties of the ependymins to neuroplasticity and learning is proposed.
Evaluation of privacy preserving algorithms using traffic knowledge based adversary models

By providing location traces of individual vehicles, mobile traffic sensors have quickly emerged as an important data source for traffic applications. In dealing with the privacy issues associated with this, researchers have been proposing different privacy protection algorithms. In this paper, we propose traffic-knowledge-based adversary models to attack privacy algorithms. By doing so, we can compare and evaluate different privacy algorithms in terms of both privacy protection and the convenience for traffic modeling. Results show that by having a relatively good privacy performance, the released datasets of both the 3.3 level of confusion entropy and the 0.1 individual likelihood can still be applied for a fine level of traffic applications.
A CFD Database for Airfoils and Wings at Post-Stall Angles of Attack

This paper presents selected results from an ongoing effort to develop an aerodynamic database from Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) computational analysis of airfoils and wings at stall and post-stall angles of attack. The data obtained from this effort will be used for validation and refinement of a low-order post-stall prediction method developed at NCSU, and to fill existing gaps in high angle of attack data in the literature. Such data could have potential applications in post-stall flight dynamics, helicopter aerodynamics and wind turbine aerodynamics. An overview of the NASA TetrUSS CFD package used for the RANS computational approach is presented. Detailed results for three airfoils are presented to compare their stall and post-stall behavior. The results for finite wings at stall and post-stall conditions focus on the effects of taper-ratio and sweep angle, with particular attention to whether the sectional flows can be approximated using two-dimensional flow over a stalled airfoil. While this approximation seems reasonable for unswept wings even at post-stall conditions, significant spanwise flow on stalled swept wings preclude the use of two-dimensional data to model sectional flows on swept wings. Thus, further effort is needed in low-order aerodynamic modeling of swept wings at stalled conditions.