cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Implications of post-processing induced microstructural changes on the deformation and fracture response of additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V

Abstract Ti–6Al–4V parts fabricated via electron beam melting (EBM) powder bed fusion are often subjected to hot isostatic pressing below the β-transus temperature to mitigate defects. During which the pressure aids in pore closure and the thermal exposure results in coarsening of α phase while retaining the columnar prior-β phase grain morphology present in the as-fabricated condition. The same post-processing treatment can also be carried out above β-transus temperature which is an effective way to modify both the grain morphology and the associated α textures. The objective of this work is to correlate thermally induced microstructural changes to the deformation and fracture response of the EBM processed Ti–6Al–4V. To this end, we have carried out both sub-transus and super-transus heat-treatments of the as-fabricated material. The mechanical response of the as-fabricated and all heat-treated materials are characterized by in-situ tensile tests under a high-resolution digital optical microscope. This enabled us to capture large-scale panoramic images of the deforming microstructure, and overcome the trade-off between the image resolution and the field of view during in-situ experiments. The series of images captured throughout the imposed deformation are subsequently used to perform microstructure-based digital image correlation to measure microstructural-scale strains over a large area. The results of the in-situ tests together with detailed fractographic analyses are then used to elucidate how the heterogeneous deformation spanning over multiple microstructural length-scales, for example, at the scale of lamellae, colonies of lamellae and grain boundaries, affect the overall deformation and fracture response of the post-processed materials.
Cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes in organic and organometallic methane C–H activation: a DFT and MCSCF study

Density functional theory (DFT) and multi-configurational self-consistent field (MCSCF) calculations are used to investigate the electronic and steric properties of cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs). Calculations show CAACs' diverse electronic characteristics in terms of its donor and acceptor capabilities. Reactions of CAACs in methane C-H bond activation via insertion and also as a supporting ligand (L) for L(Cp)M (M = Co, Rh, Ir) motifs via C-H oxidative addition are studied. The binding energies and buried volumes are calculated for selected CAACs as ancillary ligands to the L(Cp)Rh motif. Overall, CAACs show highly tunable electronic and steric properties by adjusting their substituents and backbones. Although CAAC may not be viable in activating inert small molecules with low polarity like methane, this class of ligand has great potential as ancillary ligands for transition metal complexes in catalysis. Calculation of C-H activation by L(Cp)Ir and L(Cp)Rh with CAACs as supporting ligands show CAACs can render the reaction more amenable to catalysis by destabilizing the oxidative addition products while keeping the reaction mildly exergonic, and the barriers reasonable.
Measuring the Virial Temperature of Galactic Halos Through Electron Scattering of Quasar Emission Lines

Semi-analytic models of galaxy formation postulate the existence of virialized gaseous halos around galaxies at high redshifts. A small fraction of the light emitted by any high-redshift quasar is therefore expected to scatter off the free electrons in the halo of its host galaxy. The broadening of the scattered emission lines of the quasar can be used to measure the temperature of these electrons. For gas in virial equilibrium, the velocity width of the scattered line profile is larger by a factor of (m_p/m_e)^{1/2}=43 than the velocity dispersion of the host galaxy and reaches >10,000 km/s for the massive galaxies and groups in which bright quasars reside. In these systems, the scattered width exceeds the intrinsic width of the quasar lines and hence can be used to measure the virial temperature of the quasar host. The high degree of polarization of the scattered radiation can help filter out the extended scattered light from the central emission by the quasar and its host galaxy. The signal-to-noise ratio of the spectral broadening can be enhanced by matching the full spectrum of the scattered radiation to a template of the unscattered quasar spectrum. Although the central fuzz around low-redshift quasars is dominated by starlight, the fuzz around high-redshift quasars might be dominated by scattering before galaxies have converted most of their gas reservoirs into stars.
Proposal for Refugee Housing in Southeast Europe Utilizing Regionally Appropriate, Sustainable, and Affordable Construction Methods

This research focuses on the emergency-housing demand caused by the on-going refugee crisis in Southeastern Europe. The research and proposed solutions focus on Northern Serbia, as this region generally lacks permanent housing solutions for accommodating the increasing influx of immigrants. The outcome of this research is an architectural proposal for the refugee housing unit designed particularly for the situational factors of this focus region. The study identifies earth architecture as the primary building technique, due to its ability to satisfy a range of defined end-product goals. These goals include: the sustainability of the material, quality and durability of the final product, skill level required for non-professional construction, final cost of material and execution, historical regional precedent, and opportunity for communal engagement of the immigrant population. The proposed architectural design uses earth-bag construction as the sub-method most suitable for this location and in keeping with the goals outlined above. The proposed housing unit is a singular component that could be duplicated to create larger communal housing communities. A broad overview of possible solutions is included, followed by the development of the earth-bag construction option. The development of this proposal includes material studies, sketches, and an architectural model as representation tools. The outcomes of this research serve as a guideline, rather than a precise construction model, in creating much needed refugee housing communities in North Serbia.
Upper and Lower Extremity Vascular Variations

Vascular variations in the upper and lower extremities are common entities. Generally speaking, most common are variations in depth, number of vessels, size, takeoff point, branching patterns, persistence of embryonic remnant, and failure of development. These apply to both upper and lower extremities, arteries, and veins. Clinically, these variations can affect surgical planning, such as designing flaps based on certain blood supplies and drainage patterns.
Psychoanalytic ecofeminist Dorothy Dinnerstein: theorizing the roots of rapacity

This article proposes that Dorothy Dinnerstein’s philosophy can help us understand the problem of miseducation that places male-dominated and ‘masculine’ rapacity at the center of so many human end...
Automatic lung nodule detection in thoracic CT scans using dilated slice-wise convolutions.

Purpose Most state-of-the-art automated medical image analysis methods for volumetric data rely on adaptations of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) convolutional neural networks (CNNs). In this paper, we develop a novel unified CNN-based model that combines the benefits of 2D and 3D networks for analyzing volumetric medical images. Methods In our proposed framework, multiscale contextual information is first extracted from 2D slices inside a volume of interest (VOI). This is followed by dilated 1D convolutions across slices to aggregate in-plane features in a slice-wise manner and encode the information in the entire volume. Moreover, we formalize a curriculum learning strategy for a two-stage system (i.e., a system that consists of screening and false positive reduction), where the training samples are presented to the network in a meaningful order to further improve the performance. Results We evaluated the proposed approach by developing a computer-aided detection (CADe) system for lung nodules. Our results on 888 CT exams demonstrate that the proposed approach can effectively analyze volumetric data by achieving a sensitivity of > 0.99 in the screening stage and a sensitivity of > 0.96 at eight false positives per case in the false positive reduction stage. Conclusion Our experimental results show that the proposed method provides competitive results compared to state-of-the-art 3D frameworks. In addition, we illustrate the benefits of curriculum learning strategies in two-stage systems that are of common use in medical imaging applications.
Toward a theological turn in entrepreneurship: How religion could enable transformative research in our field

Abstract Despite its overwhelming importance to millions of people across the planet both currently and throughout history, religion has been largely neglected by entrepreneurship research. Yet, because of its prevalence, centrality, established base of scientific inquiry, and ability to offer novel insight into emerging phenomena, religion offers numerous opportunities for transformative research. In this editorial, we offer a glimpse of what a “theological turn” in entrepreneurship research might look like: first, by identifying obstacles to religion’s inclusion and how these barriers may be overcome; second, by explaining how the theological turn enables alternative explanations of important phenomena and stimulates research questions that build on the growing integration of religion and entrepreneurship in practice; and finally, by showing how a theological turn could challenge researchers to reach beyond our existing knowledge horizons to develop a future of impactful, relevant, and pioneering scholarship in the field of entrepreneurship.
Skin stem cells orchestrate de novo generation of extrathymic regulatory T cells to establish a temporary protective niche during wound healing

Adult stem cells reside in various tissues to govern homeostasis and repair damage. During wound healing, these stem cells must be mobilized to enter the center of the injury where they are exposed to many inflammatory immune cells infiltrating the wounded tissue. While these immune cells are indispensable for preventing infections and clearing dead cells, they can also create a harsh inflammatory environment which could potentially damage the stem cells and prevent their self-renewal and differentiation. Here, using a model of cutaneous wound healing in which hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) repair the wound, we show that, upon migrating into the wound, skin stem cells acquire a strong immune modulatory capacity which allows them to sculpt a temporary immune suppressive niche for self-protection. We reveal that the HFSCs in the wound bed orchestrate extrathymic differentiation of regulatory T (Treg) cells by providing co-stimulation to the wound-infiltrating CD4 effector T cells. In this way, Treg cells can be generated de novo in close proximity to and can intimately protect HFSCs from the collateral damage inflicted by inflammatory neutrophils. This study uncovered a striking inflammatory adaptation capacity unique to adult tissue stem cells which allows them to shape their own immune suppressive niche during wound repair.
'How I Can Help Me': Self-Care Priorities and Structural Pressures Among Black Older Adults With Diabetes.

Background and objectives Disparities in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes) represent an ongoing public health challenge. Black older adults are at high risk of diabetes and diabetes' complications. Diet, physical activity, and medication can control these risks, yet disease rates remain elevated. Utilizing an Intersectionality framework, we seek to extend understanding of the social dimensions of diabetes through an examination of the diabetes self-care process from the perspective of Black older adults. Research design and methods This project involved a thematic analysis of diabetes illness narrative interviews with Black participants (N=41) in our National Institute on Aging-funded study of diabetes. In a narrative approach, the participant communicates the significance of actions and events. Results The findings suggest that diabetes self-care involves interconnected struggles across four domains of care: 1) multimorbidity management, 2) financial well-being, 3) family support, and 4) formal health care. Discussion and implications Black older adult self-care reflects an active process of pursuing meaningful social goals and critical health needs. An Intersectional framework, however, reveals the ongoing histories of inequity that shape this process. Further intervention to address the racist policies and practices found in Black older adults' communities and clinical care is needed to make true progress on diabetes disparities.
DOMESTIC RELATIONS Family Violence Act: Modify Provisions

The Acts broaden the category of protected persons, reduce the standard for issuance of a temporary protective order, ease provisions in state licensing requirements for family violence shelters, and promote training of law enforcement officers in handling domestic violence cases.
An SH2 domain in disguise.

The evolution of multicellular animals appears to be coincident with the development of a unique signalling device known as the Src-homology-2 (SH2) domain1. So named because of their original discovery in the genomes of sarcoma viruses, these protein modules are dedicated to the transmission of molecular signals that start at the cell surface and then engage the inner workings of the cell2. SH2 domains have so far been found only in animals, and are apparently absent in fungi and plants, the other major divisions of the crown of the eukaryotic tree. Until now, we derived our ideas about the distribution and evolution of SH2 domains from their recognizable presence in the amino-acid sequences of proteins encoded by animal genomes.
Studies on masticatory efficiency: I. Review of literature

Abstract In summarizing, it may be said that the studies on masticatory efficiency just reviewed have not been extensive enough, nor have they been sufficiently well controlled to allow any definite conclusions. The importance of mastication and fine partition of the food for salivary and gastric secretion, the digestion and the evacuation time of the stomach has been emphasized by some workers. But disagreement exists in observations on the utilization of food following mastication with dentitions of various degrees of efficiency. While some workers have shown that insufficient mastication is responsible for undigested food in the feces, the bulk of the evidence indicates that the condition and number of the teeth make no difference in the degree of food utilization, at least not so far as modern diets are concerned. However, such studies have been done on very few subjects, and since all were human individuals without sufficient controls, individual variations have not been taken into account. Methods to measure the efficiency of the teeth in masticating food have been developed, but employed by only a few workers. With respect to the mechanical breakdown of the food during mastication, such work has tended to justify the maintenance of healthy teeth and replacement of lost teeth. But the importance of a complete dentition, natural or artificial, in promoting digestion and utilization of food, has not been adequately demonstrated.
Nuclear import and cell cycle arrest functions of the HIV-1 Vpr protein are encoded by two separate genes in HIV-2/SIV(SM).

The vpr genes of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV/SIV) encode proteins which are packaged in the virus particle. HIV-1 Vpr has been shown to mediate the nuclear import of viral reverse transcription complexes in non-dividing target cells (e.g. terminally differentiated macrophages), and to alter the cell cycle and proliferation status of the infected host cell. Members of the HIV-2/SIV(SM) group encode, in addition to Vpr, a related protein called Vpx. Because these two proteins share considerable sequence similarity, it has been assumed that they also exhibit similar functions. Here, we report that the functions of Vpr and Vpx are distinct and non-redundant, although both proteins are components of the HIV-2/SIV(SM) virion and reverse transcription complex. Characterizing SIV(SM) proviruses defective in one or both genes, we found that Vpx is both necessary and sufficient for the nuclear import of the viral reverse transcription complex. In contrast, Vpr, but not Vpx, inhibited the progression of infected host cells from the G2 to the M phase of the cell cycle. Thus, two independent functions of the HIV-1 Vpr protein are encoded by separate genes in HIV-2/SIV(SM). This segregation is consistent with the conservation of these genes in HIV-2/SIV(SM) evolution, and underscores the importance of both nuclear transport and cell cycle arrest functions in primate lentivirus biology.
A CLP View of Logic Programming

We address the problem of determining those constraint domains A for which the traditional logic programming semantics and the constraint logic programming semantics CLP(A) coincide. This reduces to a study of non-standard models of Clark's axioms and the notion of solution compactness introduced in the CLP scheme. The results of this study include the proof of the existence of a free product in the class of algebras defined by Clark's axioms, a characterization of when Clark's axioms form a model complete theory, and a limited characterization of those models of Clark's axioms which form solution compact constraint domains.
Chapter 13 Fast Detectors and Modulators

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the feasibility of making fast detectors and modulators using hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). The most evident factor potentially affecting the device performance is the a-Si:H material itself. Materials prepared by different means exhibit different optical and electrical properties. Some devices are made by sputtering silicon in the presence of hydrogen. Others are made by using a glow discharge with silane gas. Many values of pressure and temperature are used during the deposition. The rate of deposition of the silicon, the partial pressures of added gases, and the specific geometry of the deposition system may or may not be important. Ideally, to prove the advantages and limitations of a particular material, the same device needs to be made out of other forms of silicon; but typically, one type of material, made in a specific manner, is reported for the device. The particular metals and metallization processes may be very significant. For devices involving Schottky barriers, the metal work functions may be important, but the process by which the metallization is created may be the dominant factor. Surface states at the silicon interface could make the particular metal insignificant. In some cases, the metallization is governed by compatibility with available lithographic procedures.
A Comparison of the Predicted and Measured Thermodynamic Performance of a Gas Turbine Cogeneration System

The thermodynamic performance of a gas turbine cogeneration system is predicted using a computer model. The predicted performance is compared to the actual performance, determined by measurements, in terms of various thermodynamic performance parameters which are defined and discussed in this paper. These parameters include the electric power output, fuel flow rate, steam production, electrical efficiency, steam efficiency, and total plant efficiency. Other derived parameters are the net heat rate, the power-to-heat ratio, and the fuel savings rate. This paper describes the cogeneration plant, the computer model, and the measurement techniques used to determine each of the necessary measurands. The predicted and the measured electric power compare well. The predicted fuel flow and steam production are less than measured. The results demonstrate that this type of comparison is needed if computer models are to be used successfully in the design and selection of cogeneration systems.
Multi-reference coupled-cluster methods for ionization potentials with partial inclusion of triple excitations

Abstract An extension of multi-reference coupled-cluster (MRCC) methods to include some effects of triple excitations for the direct calculation of ionization potentials is presented. A series of non-iterative methods are proposed, derived in analogy to the successful non-iterative inclusions of triple excitations for ground states. Results of two of these methods, MRCCSD+T(3) and MRCCSD+T*(3) are presented for N2, H2CO, and CH2(1A1). We also consider how ionization potentials vary with alternative ways of determining the correlated ground state.
Characterization of the catalyzed phosphate assay.

Abstract A detailed analysis of the catalyzed phosphate assay is presented. This assay uses polyvinylpyrrolidone as a catalyst to form phosphomolybdate complex in a relatively weak acid and hydroxylamine as a reductant to form molybdenum blue. It was found that this assay, which is useful in determining inorganic phosphate in the presence of acid-labile phosphates such as ATP and phosphocreatine, has the following advantages: The assay (a) forms phosphomolybdate at a relatively high pH (pH 1.9–2.1; in some cases even at pH 4.0), (b) is relatively insensitive to interfering reagents, and (c) does not require deproteinization. Conditions are described which make the present assay more sensitive than the Fiske-SubbaRow method.
The changing trends of uterine cancer and cytology: a study of morbidity and mortality trends over a twenty year period.

Data on squamous carcinoma of the cervix from a 20 year study period (1955 to 1974) in metropolitan Toledo revealed a 66% reduction of the average annual age-adjusted incidence rate and a 61% reduction in death rate of cervical squamous carcinoma when the first time period (1955 to 1958) was compared with the last time period (1971 to 1974). The decrease for both morbidity and mortality rates was more pronounced in women age 50 years and younger. The age-adjusted death rate during this study period revealed 15.5/100,000 for black women and 8.7/100,000 for white women. The reduction in death rate of 83% in black women is more prominent than 54.5% in white women. The decrease in both morbidity and mortality for cervical squamous carcinoma has a close relation to cytologic screening activity. The factors of age and race, probably related to socioeconomic status, are two known determinants of risk for cervical squamous carcinoma. Data for endometrial carcinoma during this study period revealed 15.5/100,000 women in the average age-adjusted incidence and an increase of 13.8% in average yearly rates when the first time period (1955 to 1958) were compared with the last time period (1971 to 1974). The peak age was 60 to 64 years old in the first time period and shifted to 70 to 74 years old in the last time period. The trend in metropolitan Toledo is comparable to that of Louisville, Kentucky. The mass cytologic screening program which contributed to a remarkable reduction in morbidity and mortality for the cervical squamous carcinoma, did not have any beneficial effect on endometrial carcinoma. Cancer 42:2439–2449, 1978.
TH‐E‐ValB‐04: Dosimetric Impact of Changed FLT Uptake in AML Patients Treated with Chemotherapy

Purpose: The PETradiotracer [F‐18]FLT (3′‐deoxy‐3′‐[F‐18]fluorothymidine), used to measure cellularproliferation, has the potential to validate the efficacy of chemotherapy. We investigate the effect of chemotherapy on the biological distribution and radiationdosimetry of FLT in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Method and Materials:Cellularproliferation was measured in adult AML patients injected with 5 mCi of FLT. Dynamic and whole body PET/CT scans were acquired one day prior to chemotherapy and one week after the completion of chemotherapy using a GE Discovery PET/CT Scanner. Organs were manually contoured in the PETimages at multiple time points and time‐activity curves were generated for each contoured organ.Organ cumulative activities, organradiotracerdoses, and total body dose were determined using the standard adult male model and the RADAR method of dose calculation. Results: The biological distribution of FLT changed as a result of chemotherapy and this redistribution affected individual organ and total body radiationdoses. The toxic effect of the chemotherapeutic drugs on the leukemia cells resulted in a five‐fold reduction of FLT activity in the bone marrow post‐chemotherapy. This reduction in the bone marrow uptake was accompanied by a three‐fold increase in FLT activities and radiationdoses to the liver, kidneys, gallbladder, and adrenals while that of the spleen doubled. The total body radiationdose increased 30% post‐chemotherapy, given identical bladder voiding conditions.Conclusion: Systemic therapies such as chemotherapy can lead to significant changes in the biological distribution and dosimetry of radiotracers used in PETimaging for treatment assessment. Knowledge of these changes could impact the administered radiotracerdose to patients. Care should be taken in determining a suitable radiotracerdose for each specific case in order to avoid unnecessary dose yet maintain appropriate signal‐to‐noise ratios.
N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenosine: Biosynthesis invitro by an enzyme extract from yeast and rat liver

Abstract A cell-free extract from either rat liver or yeast catalyzes the incorporation of mevalonic acid or Δ 3 -isopentenyl pyrophosphate into preformed transfer-RNA to form N 6 -(Δ 2 -isopentenyl)adenosine. Treatment of the t-RNA with permanganate under mild conditions enhances its capacity to accept the isopentenyl side chain.
Microarray analysis of spaceflown murine thymus tissue reveals changes in gene expression regulating stress and glucocorticoid receptors

The detrimental effects of spaceflight and simulated microgravity on the immune system have been extensively documented. We report here microarray gene expression analysis, in concert with quantitative RT-PCR, in young adult C57BL/6NTac mice at 8 weeks of age after exposure to spaceflight aboard the space shuttle (STS-118) for a period of 13 days. Upon conclusion of the mission, thymus lobes were extracted from space flown mice (FLT) as well as age- and sex-matched ground control mice similarly housed in animal enclosure modules (AEM). mRNA was extracted and an automated array analysis for gene expression was performed. Examination of the microarray data revealed 970 individual probes that had a 1.5-fold or greater change. When these data were averaged (n = 4), we identified 12 genes that were significantly up- or down-regulated by at least 1.5-fold after spaceflight (P < or = 0.05). The genes that significantly differed from the AEM controls and that were also confirmed via QRT-PCR were as follows: Rbm3 (up-regulated) and Hsph110, Hsp90aa1, Cxcl10, Stip1, Fkbp4 (down-regulated). QRT-PCR confirmed the microarray results and demonstrated additional gene expression alteration in other T cell related genes, including: Ctla-4, IFN-alpha2a (up-regulated) and CD44 (down-regulated). Together, these data demonstrate that spaceflight induces significant changes in the thymic mRNA expression of genes that regulate stress, glucocorticoid receptor metabolism, and T cell signaling activity. These data explain, in part, the reported systemic compromise of the immune system after exposure to the microgravity of space.
Intracranial plasma cell granuloma presenting as an optic neuropathy

A 40-year-old man presented with a left optic neuropathy. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a contrast-enhancing mass along the course of the left trigeminal nerve and in the region of the left cavernous sinus with suprasellar extension. Preoperatively, he had a serum polyclonal gammopathy. Pathologic diagnosis was an intracranial plasma cell granuloma. The patient responded to high-dose steroids with resolution of his optic neuropathy, marked decrease in the size of the mass, and resolution of the serum polyclonal gammopathy. Intracranial plasma cell granuloma is a rare lesion; only 11 cases have been described in the literature. Almost half of the patients presented with vision loss as their chief complaint.
Cognitive Significance without Cognitive Content

entities? The very idea that thought, et al., involves such relations may well be a legacy of the Fregean/Cartesian picture. (b) The messiness of linguistic practice How does the propositions picture-explicated in terms either of Fregean thoughts or singular propositions-comport with that other implication of our social orientation, the fact that usage often fails to be sharply bounded, that usage is only as clear as it needs be? Assume, for a moment, that Wittgenstein was correct, and that 'game' is a family resemblance term. What proposition is expressed by 'That is a game'? What, specifically, are we to make of the predicate constituent? The idea that the predicate constituent is the property of being a game surely does not comport well with our 'family resemblance' account. My question is whether the apparatus of propositions is compatible in spirit with the social orientation. There is no question that it can be made compatible. One might insist that the proposition does contain the property of being a game (or the sense of 'game'), it is just a fuzzy property (or sense), or something of the like. Surely we can hang on to the notion of a proposition, if we want to. The question is whether the most natural way to work out a socially sensitive conception of language involves the notion of a proposition. These remarks raise many questions, of course; questions about how, without propositions, we are to do the work traditionally assigned to them. Are we to try to do without truth bearers? If not, what will play that role? How are we to construe belief, if not as involving a relation to a proposition? I cannot, of course, begin to deal with these questions here, but I will do so elsewhere.34 4. Intentionality: the missing cognitive fix I turn now to the problems that have seemed to make life so difficult for anti-Fregeans. Let us begin with what may appear to provide the antiFregean's most severe headache, the Cartesian intuition concerning intentionality, the problem of the missing cognitive fix. The Cartesian idea that reference requires mental discrimination of a referent initially looks unassailable. Indeed, I have heard it said that this alone disqualifies the anti-Fregean's semantical views. The Cartesian intentionality intuition takes on a very different look, however, when reconsidered from the vantage point of our more social, naturalistic picture. If we look at our actual practices as Wittgenstein urged, rather than think about what thev must be likethe 'cognitive fix' reouirement 4 In 'Bringing Belief Down to Earth', a chapter in my forthcoming book, Has Semantics Rested On A Mistake?, I attempt to develop an account of belief that is sensitive to the points made here. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.231 on Thu, 06 Oct 2016 04:44:10 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Time–frequency analysis of the restricted three-body problem: transport and resonance transitions

A method of time–frequency analysis based on wavelets is applied to the problem of transport between different regions of the solar system, using the model of the circular restricted three-body problem in both the planar and the spatial versions of the problem. The method is based on the extraction of instantaneous frequencies from the wavelet transform of numerical solutions. Time-varying frequencies provide a good diagnostic tool to discern chaotic trajectories from regular ones, and we can identify resonance islands that greatly affect the dynamics. Good accuracy in the calculation of time-varying frequencies allows us to determine resonance trappings of chaotic trajectories and resonance transitions. We show the relation between resonance transitions and transport in different regions of the phase space.
Neurobiological linkage between stress and sleep

Stress can have a significant negative impact on health and stress-induced alterations in sleep are implicated in both human sleep disorders and in psychiatric disorders in which sleep is affected. We have demonstrated that the amygdala, a region critical for regulating emotion, is a key modulator of sleep. Our current research is focused on understanding how the amygdala and stressful emotion affect sleep and on the role sleep plays in recovery from stress. We have implemented animal models to examine the how stress and stress-related memories impact sleep. Experiencing uncontrollable stress and reminders of uncontrollable stress can produce significant reductions in sleep, in particular rapid eye movement sleep. We are using these models to explore the neurobiology linking stress-related emotion and sleep. This research is relevant for sleep disorders such as insomnia and into mental disorders in which sleep is affected such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is typically characterized by a prominent sleep disturbance in the aftermath of exposure to a psychologically traumatic event.
The effect of dietary ingestion of oxalic acid on thyroid function in male and female Long-Evans rats.

Abstract Male and female Long-Evans rats revealed decreased body weights and restricted growth rates when placed on a diet of Purina laboratory chow which was supplemented with 2.5 and 5.0% oxalic acid for a period of 70 days. Male and female rats ingesting 5.0% oxalic acid in the diet showed severe losses in body weight. Significant reduction in thyroid weight, 24-hr thyroid uptake of 125 I, and plasma radioactivity were observed together with a significant increase in plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone in male and female rats ingesting dietary 5.0% oxalic acid. Chromatographic analysis of thyroid hydrolysates revealed an increase in thyroid labeling of monoiodotyrosine (MIT) which was associated with a decrease in labeling of diiodotyrosine (DIT) leading to elevation in MIT : DIT ratios. While the labeling of tetraiodothyronine (T 4 ) was unaffected, a significant increase in triiodothyronine (T 3 ) resulted in elevation of the T 3 : T 4 ratios. These results indicate that chronic ingestion of oxalic acid at the level of 5.0% can lead to a state of hypothyroidism.
Study of PEO on LTI carbon surfaces by ellipsometry and tribometry

Proteins absorb to almost all surfaces during the first few minutes of exposure. Surfaces that show minimal protein absorption are important in many biomedical applications. Moreover, patient discomfort due to poor lubricating action between tissue and various medical devices, especially contact lenses, is a serious medical problem. An effective polymer for protein- resistant surfaces and improved lubrication properties appears to be polyethylene oxide (PEO). Here we report a study of PEO films on low temperature isotropic (LTI) carbon surfaces, including preparation using a photochemical reaction, characterization of the thickness of the PEO layer by ellipsometry and measurement of coefficient of friction with a custom built tribometer.
Cyclopentyladenosine‐Induced Homologous Down‐Regulation of A1 Adenosine Receptors (A1AR) in Intact Neurons Is Accompanied by Receptor Sequestration but Not a Reduction in A1AR mRNA Expression or G Protein α‐Subunit Content

We showed previously that exposure of cerebellar granule cells to the A 1 adenosine receptor (A 1 AR)-selective agonist, cyclopentyladenosine, decreases A 1 AR density and G protein coupling corresponding to blunted agonist-induced adenylyl cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1) inhibition. We have now determined that A 1 AR-mediated adenylyl cyclase inhibition was desensitized in a homologous manner. Carbachol- and baclofen-induced inhibition of adenylyl cyclase was unaffected by 48-h exposure to 10 μM cyclopentyladenosine. Expression of G protein α-subunits was not affected dramatically by agonist exposure. The fraction of sequestered A 1 AR was increased significantly at 4, 24, and 48 h of cyclopentyladenosine exposure (35, 57, and 81 % increase over control, respectively). The time course of agonist-induced A 1 AR sequestration was slower than that reported for other G protein-coupled receptors. Incubation with the adenosine receptor antagonist, 8-p-sulfophenyltheophylline or adenosine deaminase did not alter sequestration significantly. Neither steady-state A 1 AR mRNA levels nor transcript stability was affected by 48-h agonist exposure. We determined that A 1 AR half-life in cerebellar granule cells is 20.9 h, which is considerably longer than that reported for several other G protein-coupled receptors. The slow time course of A 1 AR sequestration and the stability of the corresponding mRNA may be a reflection of the tonic inhibitory tone exerted by adenosine in brain.
Experience-dependent maturation of the glomerular microcircuit.

Spontaneous and patterned activity, largely attributed to chemical transmission, shape the development of virtually all neural circuits. However, electrical transmission also has an important role in coordinated activity in the brain. In the olfactory bulb, gap junctions between apical dendrites of mitral cells increase excitability and synchronize firing within each glomerulus. We report here that the development of the glomerular microcircuit requires both sensory experience and connexin (Cx)36-mediated gap junctions. Coupling coefficients, which measure electrical coupling between mitral cell dendrites, were high in young mice, but decreased after postnatal day (P)10 because of a maturational increase in membrane conductance. Sensory deprivation, induced by unilateral naris occlusion at birth, slowed the morphological development of mitral cells and arrested the maturational changes in membrane conductance and coupling coefficients. As the coupling coefficients decreased in normal mice, a glutamate-mediated excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) between mitral cells emerged by P30. Although mitral–mitral EPSCs were generally unidirectional, they were not present in young adult Cx36−/− mice, suggesting that gap junctions are required for the development and/or function of the mature circuit. The experience-dependent transition from electrical transmission to combined chemical and electrical transmission provides a previously unappreciated mechanism that may tune the response properties of the glomerular microcircuit.
DNA synthesis and induced mutations in the presence of 5-bromouracil. I. DNA synthesis in the presence of 5-bromouracil.

An investigation has been carried out dealing with the incorporation of BU into DNA ofE. coli 15 thy− under conditions of complete thymine deficiency. It was found that exponentially growing cells can increase their DNA 5-fold upon suspension in BU-supplemented medium. DNA increased in a linear fashion and followed the series ×, 2×, 3×, 4× where × is the amount of DNA initially present. If thy− cells were starved for 30 minutes before being provided with BU, DNA appeared to increase stepwise although the increase during each period of synthesis was equal only to the amount of DNA initially present. Paper chromatography revealed that BU totally replaced thymine in the newly-synthesized DNA. Equilibrium density gradient techniques and radioactive labeling made it possible to ascertain that the DNA in which BU fully replaced thymine was functional on the primary level, that of “priming” or taking iart in the synthesis of new DNA. Cellular inhibition as indicated by lethality was described and possible explanations for the inhibition resulting from incroporation of BU into DNA were discussed.
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines: Estrogen Receptor Ligands Possessing Estrogen Receptor β Antagonist Activity

In our search for novel subtype-selective estrogen receptor (ER) ligands, we have examined various heterocyclic units as core structural elements. Here, we have investigated the fused, bicyclic pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine core, which is a system that allows for analogues to be readily assembled in a library-like fashion. This series of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine ER ligands provided us with a new pharmacological profile for an ER ligand: compounds that are passive on both ERs, with a distinct potency selectivity in favor of ERbeta. The most distinctive ligand in this series, 2-phenyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, was 36-fold selective for ERbeta in binding. Curiously, on the basis of molecular modeling, the ERbeta binding selectivity of compounds in this series appears to be derived from differing orientations that they adapt in the ligand binding pockets of ERalpha vs ERbeta. In transcription assays this pyrazolopyrimidine was fully effective as an ERbeta antagonist while exhibiting no significant activity on ERalpha. Thus, this ligand functions as a potency- and efficacy-selective ERbeta antagonist that would abrogate estrogen action through ERbeta with minimal effects on its activity through ERalpha; as such, it could be used to study the biological function of ERbeta.
Pulpal safety of a 9.6-μm TEA CO 2 laser used for caries prevention

Lasers are used for several procedures involving hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity. Included in those procedures is the use of the CO 2 laser to alter the surface structure of tooth enamel to render it more resistant to caries. A new 9.6micrometers wavelength TEA CO 2 laser (Argu Photonics, Jpiter, FL) has been investigated as a device that can be used for this procedure without harming the dental pulp. Erupted, caries and restoration free third molars (n=24) were used in the experiment. Teeth were irradiated at an incident fluence of 1.5J/cm 2 and a repetition rate of 10Hz and a spot size 1mm in diameter. At the low and high settings, 200 to 400 pulses were delivered at 12mJ per pulse for a total energy of 2.4 or 4.8J delivered for 20 or 40 seconds respectively. Other teeth were subjected to a sham dental procedure (positive control) or no procedure (negative control). Prior to testing, radiographs were taken of all teeth, and they were tested pulpally using heat, cold and electricity to determine vitality. The teeth were removed either immediately or at one week or one month after testing. They were bioprepared and examined histologically for signs of inflammation. Only one tooth developed symptoms of sensitivity to cold for 10 days following exposure to the high power level. The sensitivity was of fleeting duration and was judged to be reversible pulpitis. All teeth tested responded normally at pretesting and pre-extraction time periods. Histological examination disclosed no indication of an inflammatory response in the pulp tissue. All sections appeared normal with no changes seen in the normal pulpal morphology. We conclude that the 9.6 micrometers wavelength laser causes no pulpal damage at the energy levels used and can be used safely for caries prevention treatments.
Residual efficacy of cyfluthrin emulsifiable concentrate and wettable powder formulations on porous concrete and on concrete sealed with commercial products prior to insecticide application

Spray emulsions formulated from a cyfluthrin emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and a cyfluthrin wettable powder (WP) were applied to concrete which was left unsealed or sealed with either Waterproofing Sealer, Olympic Waterguard, or Thompson's Water Seal. At weekly intervals the concrete was bioassayed with adult Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and adult Tribolium confusum (J.duV.) for 1, 6 and 24-h exposures each week . With one exception, T. castaneum and T. confusum survival after 1 h exposure at week 1 on concrete treated with the EC exceeded 10% on all three commercial sealants and the unsealed control. At the 6-h exposure, T. castaneum survival was < 10% for 2, 2, 3 and 7 weeks on unsealed concrete, Waterproofing Sealer, Olympic Waterguard and Thompson's Water Seal, respectively; survival on each treatment at the 24-h exposure was < 10% for 2, 3, 9 and 12 weeks, respectively. At the 6-h exposure, T. confusum survival was < 10% for 2, 3, 6 and 8 weeks on unsealed concrete, Waterproofing Sealer, Olympic Waterguard, and Thompson's Water Seal, respectively; survival on each treatment at the 24-h exposure was < 10% for 4, 3, 7 and 12 weeks, respectively. When these species were exposed on unsealed concrete treated with the WP, survival decreased as exposure time increased. Except for two instances, survival after 6 and 24 h was zero for both species on all three sealants.
Analysis of Employee Performance during Cross-cultural Service Encounters at Luxury Hotels in Hawaii, London and Florida

Globalization has motivated managers and scholars in the tourism industry to focus more attention on the problems and characteristics of the cross-cultural service encounter. During these interactions, differing cultural norms and values often create misunderstanding and conflict, which can result in an unhappy customer, a frustrated service provider and lost business. Therefore, the focus of this study was to analyze the effect of intercultural sensitivity on tourism employee performance in cross-cultural service encounters in three similar, but distinct service-dependent markets: the Hawaiian Islands, Greater London (UK) and the state of Florida. The results indicate that tourism employees with high intercultural sensitivity generally scored significantly (p < 0.05) higher than employees with low intercultural sensitivity in terms of service attentiveness, revenue contribution, interpersonal skills, job satisfaction and social satisfaction as they relate to cross-cultural encounters. There was no signif...
Should LSIL-H be a distinct cytology category?: A study on the frequency and distribution of 40 human papillomavirus genotypes in 808 women.

BACKGROUND: The 2001 Bethesda System for gynecologic cervical cytology reporting classifies squamous intraepithelial lesions into low-grade (LSIL) and high-grade (HSIL) lesions. An intermediate term, “low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL-H),” has been used in a small percentage of LSIL cases. To the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding the human papillomavirus (HPV) status in patients with LSIL-H. METHODS: A total of 808 SurePath specimens obtained between December 2009 and April 2011 were tested for 40 HPV genotypes using DNA microarray, followed by a confirmatory DNA sequencing assay. RESULTS: The infection rate for high-risk HPV in women with LSIL-H (92%) was strikingly close to that for women with HSIL (91%), which was higher than that for those with LSIL (74%); atypical squamous cells, cannot rule out high-grade lesion (ASC-H) (78%); or LSIL and ASC-H combined (74%). HPV type 16, the most common carcinogenic HPV genotype, was detected in 36% of women with LSIL-H, which was significantly higher than that in women with LSIL and ASC-H combined (13.8%), but less than that in women with HSIL (44.6%). Patients with LSIL-H and HSIL had similar infection rates for low-risk/intermediate-risk HPV genotypes, which were lower than those in LSIL or LSIL and ASC-H combined. CONCLUSIONS: Women found to have LSIL-H on a Papanicolaou test appear to have a unique HPV distribution pattern that clearly differs from LSIL and is comparable to that for HSIL, suggesting an increased risk of high-grade lesions over that of women with LSIL. Recognizing LSIL-H as an independent diagnostic category may help in the early identification of the high-risk subgroup that may require a management algorithm comparable to that for patients with HSIL. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.