cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling muddles: validation beyond the numbers

Abstract A nonnumerical methodology for estimating the validity of complex models is presented. The validity of such models was estimated qualitatively by identifying the arguments used by the interested parties associated with the model. The patterns of reasoning about the foundations of the model were identified through an analysis of the arguments defending and denying the validity of the model. The approach is illustrated by using the expected utility (EU) model as an example. The analysis revealed contrasting sets of pro-EU and con-EU model arguments. A fundamental difference in the forms of arguments was observed: The pro-EU model used broad arguments covering a variety of issues (top-down) and the con-EU model used specific empirical results to question the fundamental grounding of EU model theory (bottom-up). The approach holds promise for large complex models that are difficult, if not impossible, to validate quantitatively.
Dopamine D1 receptors facilitate transmitter release.

A physiological role for the dopamine D1 receptor has been difficult to define, particularly because of its complex pre- and postsynaptic localization in brain areas such as the striatum. In the midbrain, however, D1 receptors are selectively localized to the terminals of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)-containing afferents. We have studied the actions of these D1 receptors on evoked GABA synaptic potentials recorded intracellularly from dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). We report here that dopamine augmented GABAB inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (i.p.s.ps) in the presence of D2 receptor antagonists. This effect was mimicked by the D1 agonists SKF38393 and SKF82958 and blocked by the D1 antagonists SCH23390 and cis-flupenthixol. No modulation of the GABAA synaptic potential was observed. The postsynaptic actions of the GABAB agonist, baclofen, were unaffected by SKF38393, SCH23390 or cis-flupenthixol, confirming a presynaptic locus of D1 action. Additionally, D1 antagonists reduced the amplitude of the GABAB i.p.s.p. in the absence of D1 agonists. We conclude that dopamine acts tonically at presynaptic D1 receptors on the terminals of afferent GABA neurons to facilitate selectively GABAB-mediated neurotransmission in the midbrain.
Jātaka Stories in Theravada Buddhism: Narrating the Bodhisatta Path, by Naomi Appleton, Ashgate: Farnham, 2010, ix+176pp. ISBN 978 1 4094 1092 8, US$89.95 (cloth), ISBN 978 1 4094 1093 5, US$89.95 (e-book)

Jātaka Stories in Theravada Buddhism: Narrating the Bodhisatta Path, by Naomi Appleton, Ashgate: Farnham, 2010, ix + 176pp. ISBN 978 1 4094 1092 8, US$89.95 (cloth), ISBN 978 1 4094 1093 5, US$89.9...
New test of supernova electron neutrino emission using Sudbury neutrino observatory sensitivity to the diffuse supernova neutrino background

Supernovae are rare nearby, but they are not rare in the Universe, and all past core-collapse supernovae contributed to the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB), for which the near-term detection prospects are very good. The Super-Kamiokande limit on the DSNB electron antineutrino flux, $\ensuremath{\phi}({E}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}g19.3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MeV})l1.2$ cm${}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ s${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, is just above the range of recent theoretical predictions based on the measured star formation rate history. We show that the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory should be able to test the corresponding DSNB electron-neutrino flux with a sensitivity as low as $\ensuremath{\phi}(22.5l{E}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}l32.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MeV})\ensuremath{\simeq}6$ cm${}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ s${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, improving the existing Mont Blanc limit by about 3 orders of magnitude. While conventional supernova models predict comparable electron-neutrino and antineutrino fluxes, it is often considered that the first (and forward-directed) SN 1987A event in the Kamiokande-II detector should be attributed to electron-neutrino scattering with an electron, which would require a substantially enhanced electron-neutrino flux. We show that, with the required enhancements in either the burst or thermal phase ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ fluxes, the DSNB electron-neutrino flux would generally be detectable in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. A direct experimental test could then resolve one of the enduring mysteries of SN 1987A: whether the first Kamiokande-II event reveals a serious misunderstanding of supernova physics or was simply an unlikely statistical fluctuation. Thus the electron-neutrino sensitivity of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory is an important complement to the electron antineutrino sensitivity of Super-Kamiokande in the quest to understand the DSNB.
Do Non-Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease Share Common Antecedents?

Recent evidence suggests that non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and cardiovascular disease, rather than being related as underlying disease and complication, share common genetic and environmental antecedents, that is, they "spring from the same soil." Fetal and early-life nutritional deficiencies appear to predispose persons to both NIDDM and cardiovascular disease in later life. The insulin resistance syndrome, including abdominal obesity, may constitute the intermediate link between fetal and early-life nutritional deficiency and later disease. The insulin resistance syndrome includes insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia with high triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and hypertension. Each element of the insulin resistance syndrome has been firmly established as a risk factor for development of diabetes. In addition, most of these elements are also well-recognized cardiovascular risk factors, although the weight of evidence now suggests that hyperinsulinemia itself is not. This last point is significant because of concern that aggressive insulinization of diabetic patients, which has been proved to reduce microvascular complications, might paradoxically increase the risk for large-vessel atherosclerosis. Available clinical trials suggest that this fear is unwarranted, but definitive trials are needed to resolve this important clinical question.
Purification and properties of two isoenzymes of β-N-Acetylhexosaminidase from Turbo cornutus

Abstract 1. 1. β - N -Acetylhexosaminidase isoenzymes from the gastropod, T. cornutus , were purified and their properties studied. 2. 2. The two isoenzymes, designated A and B were separated by DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography and further purified by CM-cellulose, Concanavalin-A-Sepharose-4B and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. 3. 3. β - N -Acetylhexosaminidase A and B were purified 416 and 208 fold, with yields of 10.6 and 5.1%, respectively. 4. 4. The two isoenzymes appear homogenous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with the A form migrating faster towards the anode than the B form. 5. 5. The purified isoenzymes are virtually free of all other common glycosidase contaminations. 6. 6. The apparent molecular weight of both β - N -acetylhexosaminidase A and B is about 100,000 when estimated with gel filtration column chromatography and the pH optimum for both is 4.0. 7. 7. Both β - N -acetylhexosaminidase isoenzyme activities are stimulated by Cl − , Br − , F − , I − and NO 3 − , and inhibited by Hg + , Ag + , Fe 3+ , N -acetylglucosamine and N -acetylgalactosamine. 8. 8. The K m values of β - N -acetylhexosaminidase A and B for the substrate p- nitrophenyl -β-2- acetamide-2-deoxy- d -glucopyranoside were 2.9 and 3.2 mM, respectively.
Simulating silica aerogels with a coarse-grained flexible model and langevin dynamics

We use a simple coarse-grained model to investigate the formation and structural and mechanical properties of low-density silica aerogels. This model is fully flexible and can account for bond brea...
Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma: An Ultrastructural Study of Two Cases, with Immunocytochemical Correlations

The clinicopathologic features of two cases of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DCS) are presented, in which anaplastic components showed the electron microscopic features of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, as well as immunoreactivity for alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. Rare cells also displayed S100 protein in high-grade areas of the primary tumors, but a pulmonary metastasis lacked this determinant. These findings could be interpreted as reflecting a retained potential for primitive chondrogensis in primary DCS, which may be lost in its metastases. In all other respects, this tumor appears to assume the morphological and immunocytochemical attributes of a fibrohistiocytic neoplasm.
Superpartner spectrum of gaugino mediation

The authors compute the superpartner masses in a class of models with gaugino mediation (or no-scale) boundary conditions at a scale between the GUT and Planck scales. These models are compelling because they are simple, solve the supersymmetric flavor and CP problems, satisfy all constraints from colliders and cosmology, and predict the superpartner masses in terms of very few parameters. The authors analysis includes the renormalization group evolution of the soft-breaking terms above the GUT scale. They show that the running above the GUT scale is largely model independent and find that a phenomenologically viable spectrum is obtained.
Arabidopsis BRS1 is a secreted and active serine carboxypeptidase.

The Arabidopsis BRS1 gene encodes a serine carboxypeptidase II-like protein. Its biological role in the brassinosteroid signaling pathway was first established by its capability to specifically suppress a weak brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (bri1) allele, bri1-5, when overexpressed. To gain additional insights into the molecular mechanisms of BRS1 function, the subcellular localization and the biochemical characteristics of BRS1 were determined by using transgenic plants harboring a 35S-BRS1-GFP construct and fusion proteins purified from 35S-BRS1-FLAG transgenic plants. The BRS1-GFP protein was mainly secreted and accumulated in the extracellular space. Immunological data suggest that BRS1 is proteolytically processed by an unknown endoproteinase in planta. Affinity-purified BRS1-FLAG from transgenic plants show strong hydrolytic activity with a broad P1 substrate preference including basic and hydrophobic groups on either side of the scissile bond. The hydrolytic activity of BRS1 can be strongly inhibited by a serine protease inhibitor, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. The pH and temperature optima for the hydrolytic activity of BRS1 are pH 5.5 and 50 °C, respectively. These data demonstrate that BRS1 is a secreted and active serine carboxypeptidase, consistent with the hypothesis suggested by our previous genetic evidence that BRS1 may process a protein involved in an early event in the BRI1 signaling pathway.
License to Kill Trayvon Martin and the Logic of Exception

This essay presents two complementary culprits in the death of Trayvon Martin. First, Zimmerman’s acquittal under Florida’s self-defense codes demonstrates how simple communicative rites allow citizens to undergo a subjective transformation by which they are empowered to act “above the law.” Second, this transformation illustrates a darker side of our cultural dichotomization of speech and violence. Although this dichotomy generally functions to enforce the state’s exclusive privilege of violence, it also has the effect of constructing an escalatory logic between speech and violent acts. Fostered by vague self-defense codes, this escalatory logic of exception—by which the supposed failure of speech effortlessly escalates into its exceptional other—contributes to a cultural climate in which interpersonal conflicts easily escalate into lethal violence.
Mirroring and mu rhythm involvement in social cognition: are there dissociable subcomponents of theory of mind?

Abstract Tager-Flusberg and Sullivan [Tager-Flusberg, H., Sullivan, K., 2000. A componential view of theory of mind: evidence from Williams syndrome. Cognition 76, 59–90] have argued for a distinction between the social-perceptive component of theory of mind (ToM), involving judgment of mental state from facial and body expressions, and the social-cognitive component, which is representation-based and linked to language and theory-building. This is analogous to the distinction made by others [Gallese, V., Keysers, C., Rizzolatti, G., 2004. A unifying view of the basis of social cognition. Trends in Cognitive Science 8, 396–403] between representing the mental state of another as if it was one's own (simulation theory), which requires involvement of the mirror neuron system, and explicit or declarative reasoning about mental states (theory theory), which does not. This componential view of ToM was tested by examining mirroring, as indexed by EEG mu rhythm suppression, in subjects performing tasks assumed to tap both dimensions. Mu suppression was positively correlated with accuracy on the social-perceptual task but not in the social-cognitive task. In a ToM control task requiring judgments about person–object interactions accuracy was correlated with mu suppression. This implies that mirroring is involved in making judgments about emotions and person–object interactions. However, mirroring is insensitive to the distinction between correct and incorrect inferences in the social-cognitive task suggesting that additional mechanisms are needed to make mental attributions of beliefs and intentions. These results are consistent with a refined componential view of ToM.
The Growth and Persistence of Staphylococcus aureus in Milk and Broth Substrates

SUMMARY The growth of two strains of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus was measured in whole and skimmilk and in broth at 5, 10, 22, 30 and 37° There was a continuous decrease in population in all media at 5°. The medium had little effect on the duration of the logarithmic growth phase which varied from 12 hr at 37° to 20 days at 10°. Typical generation times in whole milk varied from 1642 min at 10° to 45 min at 37°. At 10 and 22° there was no statistically significant difference in the generation times among media or between strains. At, 30 and 37° there was no significant difference between the generation times in skimmilk and whole milk, but the generation time was significantly shorter (at the 5% level) in the broth than in the milks. The cultures maintained a longer stationary growth phase and were more persistent in broth and skimmilk than in whole milk. More rapid decreases in population in the whole milk were attributed to the toxicity of fatty acids released by the lipase of S. aureus. The decline in pH of the substrate was approximately proportional to the increase in population.
Reconstruction of chronic ruptures of the distal biceps tendon with use of an achilles tendon allograft.

Background: Chronic ruptures of the distal biceps tendon are uncommon and are complicated by the retraction and poor quality of the muscle and tendon. Surgical procedures that have been described for the treatment of this injury are limited by the quality and availability of the structures used for augmentation. The purpose of the present study was to describe the surgical technique for reconstruction of the tendon with an Achilles tendon allograft and to report our preliminary experience with this procedure. Methods: An Achilles tendon allograft was used to reconstruct a chronic rupture of the distal biceps tendon in four patients. The patients were evaluated with regard to subjective satisfaction, pain, range of motion, and strength in flexion and supination. The results were graded with use of the Mayo elbow performance score. Results: After an average duration of follow-up of 2.8 years (range, 2.0 to 3.7 years), all four patients had a satisfactory subjective result, a full range of motion, and an excellent Mayo elbow performance score. The strength of flexion and supination was comparable with that on the contralateral side in two patients and was slightly decreased in the other two. Conclusions: Reconstruction of chronic disruptions of the distal biceps tendon with an Achilles tendon allograft appears to offer a satisfactory technical solution for this challenging problem and has provided satisfactory clinical results to date.
Wnt4 overexpression disrupts normal testicular vasculature and inhibits testosterone synthesis by repressing steroidogenic factor 1/β-catenin synergy

Genetic studies in mice suggest that Wnt4 signaling antagonizes expression of male hormones and effectively blocks male development in the female embryo. We recently identified an XY intersex patient carrying a chromosomal duplication of the WNT4 locus and proposed that this patient's feminization arises from an increased dosage of WNT4. To test this hypothesis, a transgenic mouse was generated with a large genomic P1 containing the human WNT4. Although a complete male to female intersex phenotype was not observed in WNT4 transgenic male mice, a dramatic reduction in steroidogenic acute regulatory protein was detected consistent with the marked reduction in serum and testicular androgen levels. Furthermore, a mild reduction of germ cells and a disorganized vascular system were observed in testes of WNT4 transgenic males. Consistent with these in vivo data, Wnt4 repressed steroidogenesis in adrenocortical and Leydig cell lines, as evidenced by reduced progesterone secretion and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. In vitro studies showed that Wnt4 antagonizes the functional synergy observed between the major effector of the Wnt signaling pathway, β-catenin and steroidogenic factor 1, and chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that Wnt4 attenuates recruitment of β-catenin to the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein promoter. Our findings suggest a model in which Wnt4 acts as an anti-male factor by disrupting recruitment of β-catenin at or near steroidogenic factor 1 binding sites present in multiple steroidogenic genes.
Developing Agency for Advocacy: Collaborative Inquiry-Focused School-Change Projects as Transformative Learning for Practicing Teachers

Many general education educators have little pre-service preparation or in-service professional development for teaching students who are English language learners (ELL). Yet, ELLs are one of the fastest growing student populations in the United States. While teachers typically espouse the view that all students can learn, they do not often have the knowledge and skills necessary to support ELLs in their academic and language development. This lack of preparation for teaching ELLs often leads general education teachers to rely heavily on bilingual paraprofessionals and language teachers for educating ELL students. This paper describes a 5-year professional development initiative, Project Alianza, during which the researchers sought to present texts, narratives, experiences, and encounters which generated dissonance during which teacher participants named and questioned their current assumptions, biases, beliefs, and practices. A teacher inquiry project emerged from the analyzed data as a critical experien...
Adherence to an Accelerated Diagnostic Protocol for Chest Pain: Secondary Analysis of the HEART Pathway Randomized Trial

Objectives Accelerated diagnostic protocols (ADPs), such as the HEART Pathway, are gaining popularity in emergency departments (EDs) as tools used to risk stratify patients with acute chest pain. However, provider nonadherence may threaten the safety and effectiveness of ADPs. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and impact of ADP nonadherence. Methods A secondary analysis of participants enrolled in the HEART Pathway RCT was conducted. This trial enrolled 282 adult ED patients with symptoms concerning for acute coronary syndrome without ST-elevation on electrocardiogram. Patients randomized to the HEART Pathway (N = 141) were included in this analysis. Outcomes included index visit disposition, nonadherence, and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) at 30 days. MACE was defined as death, myocardial infarction, or revascularization. Nonadherence was defined as: 1) undertesting—discharging a high-risk patient from the ED without objective testing (stress testing or coronary angiography) or 2) overtesting—admitting or obtaining objective testing on a low-risk patient. Results Nonadherence to the HEART Pathway occurred in 28 of 141 patients (20%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 14% to 27%). Overtesting occurred in 19 of 141 patients (13.5%, 95% CI = 8% to 19%) and undertesting in nine of 141 patients (6%, 95% CI = 3% to 12%). None of these 28 patients suffered MACE. The net effect of nonadherence was 10 additional admissions among patients identified as low-risk and appropriate for early discharge (absolute decrease in discharge rate of 7%, 95% CI = 3% to 13%). Conclusions Real-time use of the HEART Pathway resulted in a nonadherence rate of 20%, mostly due to overtesting. None of these patients had MACE within 30 days. Nonadherence decreased the discharge rate, attenuating the HEART Pathway's impact on health care use.
UNRAVELING RISK AND RETURN IN ISLAMIC BANKING: DOES THE PERCEIVED HIGH RETURN EXIST?

Using mixed qualitative and quantitative methods, this study analyzes the risk and return results of Islamic banks versus their conventional counterparts in Malaysia in order to evaluate arguments that adherence to shariah based banking principles minimizes risk exposure. Using comparative data from eight Malaysian banks, our empirical investigation provides limited support to theoretical arguments that the Islamic banks minimize risk. Our results show that there is no statistically significant difference in returns and risk between Islamic and conventional banks. We interpret these results as providing support for theories of convergence between conventional finance and Islamic finance. Further, we argue that policy makers thus need to take into account conventional models of systemic and structural risk when regulating burgeoning Islamic financial markets.
Antecedents of Cloud Computing Usage Influencing Malaysian Users’ Work Outcomes – A Conceptual Paper

This Conceptual Framework is based on both Delone & McLean (2003) IS Success Model and Venkatesh et al. (2003) UTAUT in which System Quality, Information Quality, Service Quality, Facilitating Conditions, Social Influence, Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Usage Attitude, Usage Intention, Usage are hypothesized to influence Cloud Computing User Work Outcomes which include Work Effectiveness and User Satisfaction.
Darden Waiting Line Analysis Program (Queue): Quick Start-User's Manual

This note provides a user's manual for the Pascal queuing-theory program. This note and related materials can be used as part of the Workforce Planning Module.
Probability: The Language of Uncertainty

This note serves as an introduction to probability distribution--their interpretation and their assessment. Uniform and triangular distributions, as well as discrete distributions, are discussed. Summary measures are presented. The discussion is framed in the context of an appraisal of a proposed product enhancement.
Smoking, vaping, eating: Is legalization impacting the way people use cannabis?

Abstract Background In the context of the shifting legal landscape of medical cannabis, different methods of cannabis administration have important public health implications. How medical marijuana laws (MML) may influence patterns of use of alternative methods of cannabis administration (vaping and edibles) compared to traditional methods (smoking) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine if the prevalence of use of alternative methods of cannabis administration varied in relation to the presence of and variation in MMLs among states in the United States. Method Using Qualtrics and Facebook, we collected survey data from a convenience sample of n =2838 individuals who had used cannabis at least once in their lifetime. Using multiple sources, U.S. states were coded by MML status, duration of MML status, and cannabis dispensary density. Adjusted logistic and linear regression analyses were used to analyze outcomes of ever use, preference for, and age of initiation of smoking, vaping, and edibles in relation to MML status, duration of MML status, and cannabis dispensary density. Results Individuals in MML states had a significantly higher likelihood of ever use of vaping (OR: 2.04, 99% CI: 1.62–2.58) and edibles (OR: 1.78, 99% CI: 1.39–2.26) than those in states without MMLs. Longer duration of MML status and higher dispensary density were also significantly associated with ever use of vaping and edibles. Conclusions MMLs are related to state-level patterns of utilization of alternative methods of cannabis administration. Whether discrepancies in MML legislation are causally related to these findings will require further study. If MMLs do impact methods of use, regulatory bodies considering medical or recreational legalization should be aware of the potential impact this may have on cannabis users.
Effect of Cryptomycina pteridis on Pteridium aquilinum

Pteridium aquilinum, noninfected and nat- urally infected with Cryptomycina pteridis, was studied in western South Dakota from 1990-1992. Time of frond emergence in 1990 and 1991 was not signifi- cantly different between fronds in noninfected plots and fronds in infected plots. Initial P aquilinum pop- ulations in noninfected plots were significantly high- er than populations in infected plots (P = 0.01), but the fungus did not significantly reduce populations in infected plots during the study. Frequency of in- fected fronds increased in infected plots. In infected plots mean heights of noninfected fronds were not significantly different from infected fronds except in 1990 and 1992 (P = 0.05) at the Big Hill plot where potassium levels were limiting. Biomass from nonin- fected and infected plots, and biomass from nonin- fected and infected fronds in infected plots were not significantly different. Stipes of infected fronds were significantly thicker than stipes of noninfected fronds (P = 0.0001). Infected fronds were brittle. Brittle frond texture and fungal stromatal development were strongly correlated (r = 0.9295-0.9701). The fungus grew in and between mesophyll cells of pinnules and formed subepidermal stromata in substomatal cavities. The fungus was commonly found in the cortex of the stipe, rachises, and costae, and in vascular bundles of rhizomes. Cells not in- fected or adjacent to infected cells appeared normal. Macroconidia inoculated to transplanted bracken plants were not infective, but after ascospores were inoculated to fronds small necrotic lesions formed from which stromata and macroconidia developed. Infections remained localized and the systemic na- ture of naturally-infected bracken did not develop. Cryptomycina pteridis is compatible with its host and could be considered an endophyte of bracken. The fungus would not be an effective biocontrol agent for bracken.
Decay Scheme of 45 Rh 106

The decay scheme of $_{45}\mathrm{Rh}^{106}$ ($30s$) is proposed as a complex beta-spectra with end points at 3.55\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10 and 2.30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10 Mev. The latter is 18\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2 percent abundant and is followed by two gamma-rays 0.51\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 and 0.73\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 Mev in cascade, or a single 1.25\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05-Mev gamma. The 1.25-Mev gamma is present in 1-2 percent of the disintegrations. Evidence in support of the Gamow-Teller selection rules for beta-decay is given.
Surface Deposition Resulting from Collisions between Diglycine and Chemically Modified Alkylthiolate Self-Assembled Monolayer Surfaces

We report results from quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) direct dynamics simulations of hyper-thermal collisions between N-protonated diglycine (gly2-H+) and a chemically modified (−COCl headgroup placed on the center chain) octanethiolate self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surfaces. Both fragmentation and reactivity are observed with the probability of each increasing with collision energy. Fragmentation occurs with a probability of 0.98 (out of 1) for a collision energy of 100 eV. Surface deposition, a subgroup of reactivity, is examined and compared to the experimental work of Laskin and co-workers (Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.2008, 10, 1079–90). We find that intact surface deposition is a rare event, peaking in probability at a collision energy of approximately 30–40 eV, which is in excellent agreement with experiment.
Estimation of Aircraft States and Wind Exposure

This paper presents an application of the Square Root Unscented Kalman Filter (SRUKF) to the estimation problem of aircraft system states and the atmospheric wind the aircraft is exposed to. The aircraft is controlled by an LQR-based feedback controller to y the aircraft with commanded airspeed, altitude and yaw rate. The estimation is based on measurements from conventional auto-pilot sensors. Simulation experiments show that the estimation algorithm can successfully estimate the states of the aircraft model as well as time-varying wind vector.
Abstract 5196: Histologic and whole slide quantitative image analysis of lung metastases in a mouse breast cancer model using carboplatin and Nutlin 3A alone and in combination

Breast cancer will affect 1 in 8 women in their lifetime. Approximately 20-30% of all breast cancer cases become metastatic. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of tumor met knockdown with individual and combination drug therapy. In this mouse model, with 3 per group, we used the following chemotherapeutic agents: a vehicle control, carboplatin (20mg/kg i.p.), Nutlin-3a (200mg/kg p.o.) and a combination group with the same doses. Nutlin-3 is a small-molecule inhibitor that binds to the p53-binding pocket of MDM2, and activates the p53 pathway. This has been shown to be effective in mouse models of cancer that have a wild-type p53, including prostate, leukemia and multiple myeloma. The lungs were removed and examined for metastatic lung lesions, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF), processed into a paraffin block, microtomed, and slides were stained with HE 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5196. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5196
A novel ovarian stimulation protocol for use with the assisted reproductive technologies.

Objective To determine whether a new ovarian stimulation protocol termed "minimal stimulation" provides pregnancy rates (PRs) comparable with those in a conventional full stimulation protocol for patients undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Design Prospective, nonrandomized study of patients in minimal stimulation or full stimulation, followed by standard IVF and zygote intrafallopian transfer or uterine-ET. Setting The ART program of the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Patients Women (n=120) 42 years of age or younger with serum day 3 FSH level≤15.0 mIU/mL (conversion factor to SI unit, 1.0), normal thyroid-stimulating hormone and PRL levels, normal endometrial cavity as observed on hysterosalpingogram, and partners with a normal semen analysis. Interventions Oral clomiphene citrate, hMG, oocyte retrieval, IVF-ET. Main Outcome Measures Cancellations, implantation, pregnancy. Results The cancellation rate was not significantly higher in minimal stimulation (25.8%) than in full stimulation (14.1%). Minimal stimulation cycles yielded fewer oocytes per aspiration (3.4±1.6) than full stimulation (10.1±5.4). There was no difference in the implantation rates per ET (minimal stimulation, 16.4%; full stimulation, 13.3%) or overall clinical PRs per retrieval (minimal stimulation, 31%; full stimulation, 42%). Conclusions Minimal stimulation for IVF is less expensive than full stimulation and minimizes monitoring and patient discomfort. In addition, it produces acceptable PRs and represents an attractive alternative to select patients undergoing ART.
The immunophenotypic spectrum of primary mediastinal large B‐cell lymphoma reveals prognostic biomarkers associated with outcome

Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) is a distinct subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that shows overlap with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) and a favorable prognosis compared to mediastinal gray-zone lymphoma (MGZL). We performed immunohistochemistry on initial diagnostic specimens of 49 cases of uniformly treated PMBL to determine the frequency and clinical significance of expression of antigens commonly seen in CHL and MGZL, along with markers previously shown to be prognostic in DLBCL, not otherwise specified. The median age was 37 years with a female:male ratio of 2.3. After a median follow-up of 78 months, 24% of patients had relapsed or refractory disease and 22% had died; the 5-year PFS was 70%. Variable CD15 expression was seen in 31% of cases, but was not associated with adverse outcome. Hans cell-of-origin, proliferation index, and MYC/BCL2 coexpression were not associated with outcome, while low PDL1 (P = 0.011) and high MUM1 (P = 0.065) staining were each associated with shorter PFS. A biologic risk score (one point each for low PDL1 and high MUM1) stratified patients into three prognostic risk groups for PFS (P = 0.001) and OS (P = 0.032). On separate multivariate models, low PDL1 was independent of R-IPI risk group for PFS (HR 6.0, P = 0.023), as was a biologic risk score of 2 (HR 5.6, P = 0.011). Incorporation of the biologic risk score sub-stratified patients within R-IPI groups for both PFS (P < 0.001) and OS (P < 0.001). In summary, we characterize the immunophenotypic spectrum of PMBL and identify PDL1 and MUM1 as prognostic biomarkers for high-risk disease. Am. J. Hematol. 91:E436–E441, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sorption of arsenic to biogenic iron (oxyhydr)oxides produced in circumneutral environments

Abstract Arsenic (As) is a widespread and problematic pollutant that can be derived from natural or anthropogenic sources. Iron (oxyhydr)oxides readily sorb As and thus play critical roles in As cycling in terrestrial environments; however, little is known about the affinity and mechanism of As sorption by biogenic iron (oxyhydr)oxides formed in circumneutral environments. To investigate this, we conducted sorption isotherm and kinetics experiments to compare As(V) and As(III) sorption to synthetic 2-line ferrihydrite and iron biominerals harvested from the hyporheic zone of an uncontaminated creek. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to quantify both As(V) and As(III), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was utilized to obtain As and Fe K-edge spectra for As(V) and As(III) sorbed to environmentally collected and laboratory produced Fe(III) minerals. All environmental Fe(III) biominerals were determined to be structurally similar to 2-line ferrihydrite. However, environmental Fe(III) biominerals have a surface area normalized affinity for As(V) and for As(III) that is greater than or equivalent to synthetic 2-line ferrihydrite. Whereas the extent of sorption was similar for As(III) on all minerals, As(V) sorption to environmental Fe(III) biominerals was approximately three times higher than what was observed for synthetic 2-line ferrihydrite. Structural modeling of EXAFS spectra revealed that the same surface complexation structure was formed by As(V) and by As(III) on environmental Fe(III) biominerals and ferrihydrite. These results suggest that, despite similarities in binding mechanisms, Fe(III) biominerals may be more reactive sorbents that synthetic surrogates often used to model environmental reactivity.
Adrenal cortical heterotopia in an inguinal hernia sac of an adult: A case report and literature review

Abstract Ectopic adrenal cortical tissue is not an infrequent incidental finding during abdominal and inguinal operations in infants; however, it is a rare finding in adults with only a few case reports described in the literature. We report a case of adrenal heterotopia as an incidental finding in a hernia sac from a 56year-old man. We review the literature and discuss the importance of recognizing this rare finding.
Expressing homotopic requirements for mobile robot navigation through natural language instructions

Allowing a human to express topological requirements to a robot in language enables untrained users to guide robot movement without requiring the human to understand sophisticated robot algorithms. By using a homotopy class or classes to represent one or more topological requirements, we build a framework that helps a robot understand a human's intent. This paper reviews a homotopic decomposition method that is used to convert any path into a string, which allows homotopic path equivalence to be performed by comparing strings. We then integrate the Homotopic Distributed Correspondence Graph (HoDCG) to infer the homotopic constraint in the format of strings from a language instruction. Finally, we use a homotopic path-planning algorithm that finds the optimal paths for a given objective and homotopic constraint. Experiment results show how a language instruction is converted into a path driven by an implicit topological requirement.
Surround vehicles trajectory analysis with recurrent neural networks

Behavior analysis of vehicles surrounding the egovehicle is an essential component in safe and pleasant autonomous driving. This study develops a framework for activity classification of observed on-road vehicles using 3D trajectory cues and a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) model. As a case study, we aim to classify maneuvers of surrounding vehicles at four way intersections. LIDAR, GPS, and IMU measurements are used to extract ego-motion compensated surround trajectories from data clips in the KITTI benchmark. The impact of different prediction label space choices, feature space input, noisy/missing trajectory data, and LSTM model architectures are analyzed, presenting the strengths and limitations of the proposed approach.
Investigation of Myosin Heterogeneity Observed during Chromatography on Diethylaminoethyl Cellulose

A procedure is described for obtaining a purified, stable, polyribonucleotide-free myosin fraction from skeletal muscle of chicken. The method involves extraction by pyrophosphate, differential ultracentrifugation of the extract, treatment with pancreatic ribonuclease, gel filtration of the treated extract, and chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose. A myosin obtained by the pyrophosphate extraction and gel filtration appears to be homogeneous by electrophoresis or analytical ultracentrifugation. This material yields, on DEAE-cellulose chromatography, five fractions (I to V), eluting at ionic strengths corresponding to the following compositions of the elution buffers: I, 0.02 m potassium pyrophosphate; II, 0.125 m KCl-0.003 m potassium pyrophosphate; III, 0.18 m KCl-0.005 m potassium pyrophosphate; IV, 0.36 m KCl-0.01 m potassium pyrophosphate; and V, 0.90 m KCl-0.02 m potassium pyrophosphate. Fraction I consists mainly of myoglobin, Fractions II to IV show the characteristics of myosin, and Fraction V is a ribonucleoprotein. The two myosin fractions eluted at lower ionic strength contain polyribonucleotide and have a high Ca2+ adenosine triphosphatase activity, while Fraction IV, which is eluted at high ionic strength, is free of polyribonucleotide and has a low Ca2+ ATPase activity. The sedimentation values of the chromatographic myosin fractions are similar, but their electrophoretic behavior differs. All fractions give negative results for ATP sensitivity and Mg2+ ATPase activity. Results obtained following treatment with RNase or chelating agents of the extract or myosin eluted at lower ionic strength on DEAE-cellulose suggest that the chromatographic heterogeneity observed is due to the complex formation between polyribonucleotide and myosin and mediated by divalent ions. Pretreatment with these agents results in a single myosin fraction eluted from DEAE-cellulose at the same ionic strength as the myosin free from polyribonucleotide. Treatment of chromatographic myosin fractions containing polyribonucleotide by this same procedure gives the same polyribonucleotide-free fraction upon chromatography. Consideration of the results obtained by electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation of the Sephadex-excluded fractions in relation to the chromatographic behavior suggests that pyrophosphate extraction results in myosin which is in complex with polyribonucleotide by means of divalent ions. ATPase activity was found to be lowest in the myosin fraction which was free of polyribonucleotide when compared to the fractions which did contain polyribonucleotide. No explanation of this observation is given at the present time.
Dynamic formulation of co-prime array for DOA estimation

Among various sparse array techniques, co-prime array is found to be more attractive because its higher DoF with a smaller number of sensing elements. However, because of its specific physical non-uniform linear structure, it would be inconvenient and costly to implement in the presence of varying detection scenarios. In this paper, we propose to exploit the current ULA to dynamically formulate a co-prime array structure, which takes advantage of the properties of co-prime array while reducing the energy consumption and operational cost. Rather than being constrained with the specific physical structure, our scheme can be cost effectively applied in existing systems.
On the eigen‐functions of dynamic graphs: Fast tracking and attribution algorithms

Eigen-functions are of key importance in graph mining since they can be used to approximate many graph parameters, such as node centrality, epidemic threshold, graph robustness, with high accuracy. As real-world graphs are changing over time, those parameters may get sharp changes correspondingly. Taking virus propagation network for example, new connections between infected and susceptible people appear all the time, and some of the crucial infections may lead to large decreasing on the epidemic threshold of the network. As a consequence, the virus would spread around the network quickly. However, if we can keep track of the epidemic threshold as the graph structure changes, those crucial infections would be identified timely so that counter measures can be taken proactively to contain the spread process. In our paper, we propose two online eigen-functions tracking algorithms which can effectively monitor those key parameters with linear complexity. Furthermore, we propose a general attribution analysis framework which can be used to identify important structural changes in the evolving process. In addition, we introduce an error estimation method for the proposed eigen-functions tracking algorithms to estimate the tracking error at each time stamp. Finally, extensive evaluations are conducted to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithms. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining: The ASA Data Science Journal, 2016
Increased Rate of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients with Clostridium Difficile Infection

BACKGROUND Risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is well established; however, there is paucity of data on the potential added risk of VTE in patients with IBD with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). We sought to study the difference in VTE rates in hospitalized patients with IBD with CDI compared to those without CDI. METHODS We queried Nationwide Inpatient Sample from year 2011 to identify patients ≥18 years of age with a discharge diagnosis of IBD (i.e., Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) based on ICD-9-CM codes 555.xx and 556.xx, respectively. Patients were further divided into 2 groups: those with and without CDI. To adjust and control for potential baseline differences between groups, 1:1 propensity matching was performed. Multivariate regression analysis was used to evaluate the difference in VTE rates in 2 groups. RESULTS Of 312,147 patients with the discharge diagnosis of IBD, 12,560 (4%) had CDI. VTE was present 6% in group with CDI versus 3% in group without CDI (P < 0.001). On performing multivariate analysis after propensity-score matching, CDI was significantly associated with VTE (adjusted odds ratio 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.4-2.2, P < 0.001). On subgroup analysis, Crohn's disease with CDI had a higher association with VTE compared with Crohn's disease only. Similarly, ulcerative colitis with CDI had a higher association with VTE compared with ulcerative colitis only. CONCLUSIONS Rate of VTE was higher in hospitalized patients with IBD with CDI compared with those without CDI, necessitating extra vigilance in this patient population.
Habitat and Density of Oviposition Opportunity Influences Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Flight Distance

Understanding the dispersal of Aedes (aegypti (L.) Diptera: Culicidae) after consuming a potentially infectious bloodmeal is an important part of controlling the spread of the arboviruses it transmits. Because of the impact on abundance, removal of oviposition sites is a key component of vector control. However, source reduction around a case may encourage dispersal of potentially infected vectors. We compare the effect of oviposition site availability on Ae. aegypti dispersal behavior within 30-m linear cages in three model ecosystems at the University of Arizona's Biosphere 2 research facility. We found a significant interaction effect in which, when oviposition site density was sparse, dispersal was greater in the highly vegetated humid rainforest and limited in the low vegetation, arid desert model ecosystem. When oviposition site density was dense, no significant effect on dispersal was observed. These analyses support the idea that source reduction has an important influence on the distance that gravid, potentially infected, females will travel.
Progressive Reforms and the Art of the Possible

This essay reviews the following works: Private Wealth and Public Revenue in Latin America: Business Power and Tax Politics. By Tasha Fairfield. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. Pp. viii + 333. $99.00 cloth. ISBN: 9781107088375. Evo’s Bolivia: Continuity and Change. By Linda C. Farthing and Benjamin H. Kohl. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2014. Pp. ix + 227. $24.95 paper. ISBN: 9780292758681. The State and the Private Sector in Latin America: The Shift to Partnership. By Mauricio A. Font. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. Pp. vii + 291. $100.00 cloth. ISBN: 9780230111400. Partisan Investment in the Global Economy: Why the Left Loves Foreign Direct Investment and FDI Loves the Left. By Pablo M. Pinto. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Pp. xi + 288. $34.99 paper. ISBN: 9781107617360. Enduring Reform: Progressive Activism and Private Sector Responses in Latin America’s Democracies. Edited by Jeffrey W. Rubin and Vivienne Bennett. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2015. Pp. xi + 261. $15.95 paper. ISBN: 9780822963165. Reinventing the Left in the Global South: The Politics of the Possible. By Richard Sandbrook. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Pp. ix + 294. $34.99 paper. ISBN: 9781107421097. Democratic Chile: The Politics and Policies of a Historic Coalition, 1990–2010. Edited by Kirsten Sehnbruch and Peter M. Siavelis. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2014. Pp. vii + 375. $69.95 cloth. ISBN: 9781588268730.
Surgical Management of Excyclotorsion

Excyclotorsion is commonly seen in the patient with superior oblique palsy. A surgical procedure commonly known as Harada-Ito1 has often been the management for extorsion.The case histories of thre...