cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
extrap: Software to assist the selection of extrapolation methods for moving-boat ADCP streamflow measurements

Selection of the appropriate extrapolation methods for computing the discharge in the unmeasured top and bottom parts of a moving-boat acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) streamflow measurement is critical to the total discharge computation. The software tool, extrap, combines normalized velocity profiles from the entire cross section and multiple transects to determine a mean profile for the measurement. The use of an exponent derived from normalized data from the entire cross section is shown to be valid for application of the power velocity distribution law in the computation of the unmeasured discharge in a cross section. Selected statistics are combined with empirically derived criteria to automatically select the appropriate extrapolation methods. A graphical user interface (GUI) provides the user tools to visually evaluate the automatically selected extrapolation methods and manually change them, as necessary. The sensitivity of the total discharge to available extrapolation methods is presented in the GUI. Use of extrap by field hydrographers has demonstrated that extrap is a more accurate and efficient method of determining the appropriate extrapolation methods compared with tools currently (2012) provided in the ADCP manufacturers' software.
Genetic testing in young women with breast cancer: results from a Web-based survey

Abstract Background Young women with breast cancer have an increased risk for harboring a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Frequency of genetic testing and factors associated with testing have not been well described in this population. Patients and methods We evaluated the rate of genetic testing among young breast cancer survivors identified through the Young Survival Coalition (YSC), an advocacy group for young women with breast cancer. Items regarding family history and genetic testing were included in a Web-based cross-sectional survey. Results A total of 701 women were eligible based on a history of breast cancer diagnosed ≤40 years. Mean age at diagnosis was 32.9 years and mean age at survey 35.7 years. About 41% reported a first- or second-degree relative with breast or ovarian cancer. About 24% had undergone genetic testing, and 26% of those tested reported that a mutation was found. By multivariate logistic regression, likelihood of having undergone testing was higher in women who were younger at diagnosis, were more educated, had a first- or second-degree relative with breast or ovarian cancer, had a mastectomy rather than breast conservation, and considered themselves at high risk for a cancer-predisposing mutation. Conclusion Most women diagnosed with breast cancer ≤40 years do not undergo genetic testing.
Efficient communication over highly spread underwater acoustic channels

In this paper we propose a novel method for communication over underwater acoustic channels for which the product of delay-spread and Doppler-spread is large, such as those pertaining to the surf zone. In particular, we propose the use of pulse-shaped multicarrier modulation to convert the doubly dispersive channel into an inter-carrier interference (ICI) channel with small ICI spread. We then propose a novel joint ICI-estimation/data-detection strategy which performs near optimally yet at low complexity, due to the use of an efficient tree search algorithm and the ability to leverage sparseness in the delay-power profile. The delay-power profile, which itself varies in time, can be readily tracked via pilots. Numerical simulations show that our technique gives performance close to genie-aided bounds over highly spread channels.
Microtubule destabilization leads to APP phosphorylation and processing: Implications for Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis

However, also prion proteins produced by neurons, can form amyloid plaques in the brain. In variant Creutzfeldt Jakob disease (vCJD), sporadic CJD forms with a longer duration, hereditary CJD and Gerstmann Straussler Scheinker’s disease (GSS) prion amyloid plaques can be found. In the present immunohistochemical study we investigated the presence of amyloid associated proteins such as complement and alpha1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), microglia (HLADR), ubiquitin and tau in 4 different forms of prion diseases with prion amyloid plaques with or without prion cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and compared the results with the findings in classical AD. Methods: Cortical tissue obtained at autopsy was used from 3 vCJD (16, 37 and 49 y old), 2 sporadic CJD patients with longer duration (MM2, VV2 forms; resp. 55 y and 58 y) and 3 different GSS patients (57y, 57y, 45y) including 2 novel prion mutations, i.e. Y226X and Q227X stop codon mutations, and 5 AD cases (29y 76y). Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin fixed tissue using antibodies against Abeta 1-17, prion proteins (3F4), complement C3b, HLADR, ubiquitin and Tau (AT8) and some sections were counterstained with Congo red. Cryostat sections were used for staining with antibodies against complement C3c and ACT. Results: Complement proteins were found in amyloid deposits both in AD and in prion diseases without Abeta. In a case with extensive prion CAA, complement was also detected in the amyloidotic vessel wall. Clustering of microglia was seen both in AD plaques and around prion plaques but also around prion CAA. Extensive neurofibrillary degeneration with numerous tangles throughout the cortex was found in the stopcodon Q227X patient (aged 45y) mimicking the AD cases. In the MM2 prion case (55 y) tau and ubiquitin was found especially near prion plaques. Prion CAA showed a mild tau and ubiquitin positivity around the vessel walls. No tau was found in the vCJD cases. Conclusions: Inflammatory changes and neurofibrillary degeneration seems to be related to cerebral amyloidosis irrespective the type of amyloid.
Atrial tachyarrhythmias and the Cox-maze procedure in congenital heart disease.

Introduction. Atrial tachyarrhythmias, particularly atrial flutter and fibrillation, are commonly associated with congenital heart disease and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The Cox-maze procedure, introduced by Dr. James Cox in 1987, is effective at controlling atrial fibrillation in structurally normal hearts. Though the Cox-maze procedure has been used for atrial tachyarrhythmias in patients with congenital heart disease, few studies have looked at its effectiveness. Methods. A retrospective chart review was performed on 24 patients with congenital heart disease who underwent the Cox-maze procedure at the Medical College of Wisconsin from 2004 through 2010. Results. Mean age at time of Cox-maze procedure for the cohort was 40.9 years (range, 14 to 66 years). The most common congenital heart diseases among the patients included tetralogy of Fallot (n = 8) and atrioventricular septal defect (n = 4). All patients had concomitant cardiac procedures with the most common being right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction (n = 10), tricuspid valve repair (n = 8), and atrial septal defect repair (n = 7). Prior to the Cox-maze procedure, arrhythmias consisted of atrial flutter or intratrial reentrant tachycardia (n = 19) and atrial fibrillation (n = 5). There were three early postoperative deaths and one late postoperative death. Follow-up was available for 19 of 21 (90%) survivors with a mean length to follow-up from Cox-maze procedure of 2.8 years (range, 0.14–5.7 years). At last follow-up, 14 (74%) of the survivors remained arrhythmia-free. Conclusions. In patients with congenital heart disease and atrial tachyarrhythmias, the majority were rendered arrhythmia-free by the Cox-maze procedure.
Particle engineering: A strategy for establishing drug substance physical property specifications during small molecule development

A strategy for physical property control of a drug substance has been developed that utilizes a science-based approach to define key drivers for particle control. These drivers are based on in vivo performance (or expected performance), content uniformity of the drug substance in drug product, and manufacturability of drug product. Quality by design principles have been used in developing the strategy. The strategy has been designed to provide expectations in terms of particle control at each state of development, translating to early-phase projects and carrying through until launch and beyond. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 99:51–75, 2010
Estimation of missing logs by regularized neural networks

An approach based on regularized back-propagation neural networks can be used to estimate the missing logs, or parts of those logs, in wells with incomplete log suites. This is done by first analyzing the interdependence of the various log types in a training well that has a complete suite of logs, and then applying the network to nearby wells whose log suites are incomplete to estimate the missing logs in these wells. The accuracy of the method is evaluated by blind tests conducted on real well-log data. These tests indicate that the method produces accurate estimates that are close to the measured log values, and the method can thus be an effective means of enhancing limited suites of wire-line logs. Moreover, this approach has several advantages over the ad hoc practice of manually patching the missing logs from the complete log suites of proximate wells because it is automatic, objective, completely data driven, inherently nonlinear, and does not suffer from the overfitting difficulties commonly associated with conventional back-propagation networks. Additionally, it seems that an accurate selection of the optimal input log types is not necessary because redundant input containing several logs yields reasonably accurate results as long as some of the logs in the input are sufficiently correlated with the missing log.
On "Distortion of Single-Sideband Transmission Due to AM/PM Conversion"

In a previous paper, this author developed an expression for the intermodulation distortion generated in single-sideband (SSB), amplitude modulation (AM) systems carrying frequency-division multiplex (FDM) telephony, due to AM/PM conversion. For the purpose of the theory, the SSB signal is replaced by an equivalent system consisting of a carrier simultaneously phase and amplitude modulated. To simplify the analysis, the AM/PM conversion factor was assumed constant over the significant range of variation of the envelope of the effective carrier. This is not, in fact, a very realistic assumption since the AM/PM factor varies quite, considerably with the input power level. Particularly in the case of a traveling wave tube working well below saturation, the dependence is likely to be linear It has subsequently been realized that the analysis is still quite tractable when the AM/PM factor is proportional to the input power level. In fact, on this assumption, it turns out that the expression given previously for the intermodulation distortion (expression (14) of Medhurst et al. [ibid., vol. CS-12, pp. 166-176, June 1964]) applies, if the AM/PM conversion factor is given its value at the rms level of the multichannel SSB signal. This is a useful result, since it appears that for acceptable distortion levels in TWT?s used in satellite system ground stations, for example, it would be necessary to operate the tube in this linear region. The analysis is presented.
Effects of Age, Acoustic Challenge, and Verbal Working Memory on Recall of Narrative Speech

Background/Study Context: A common goal during speech comprehension is to remember what we have heard. Encoding speech into long-term memory frequently requires processes such as verbal working memory that may also be involved in processing degraded speech. Here the authors tested whether young and older adult listeners’ memory for short stories was worse when the stories were acoustically degraded, or whether the additional contextual support provided by a narrative would protect against these effects. Methods: The authors tested 30 young adults (aged 18–28 years) and 30 older adults (aged 65–79 years) with good self-reported hearing. Participants heard short stories that were presented as normal (unprocessed) speech or acoustically degraded using a noise vocoding algorithm with 24 or 16 channels. The degraded stories were still fully intelligible. Following each story, participants were asked to repeat the story in as much detail as possible. Recall was scored using a modified idea unit scoring approach...
Chapter 4: Physical Evidence

This chapter in The Handbook of Human Rights Investigation discusses the different types of physical evidence that is relevant to an investigation into serious violations of human rights.
Numerical methods for solid mechanics on overlapping grids

This paper presents a new computational framework for the simulation of solid mechanics on general overlapping grids with adaptive mesh refinement (AMR). The approach, described here for time-dependent linear elasticity in two and three space dimensions, is motivated by considerations of accuracy, efficiency and flexibility. We consider two approaches for the numerical solution of the equations of linear elasticity on overlapping grids. In the first approach we solve the governing equations numerically as a second-order system (SOS) using a conservative finite-difference approximation. The second approach considers the equations written as a first-order system (FOS) and approximates them using a second-order characteristic-based (Godunov) finite-volume method. A principal aim of the paper is to present the first careful assessment of the accuracy and stability of these two representative schemes for the equations of linear elasticity on overlapping grids. This is done by first performing a stability analysis of analogous schemes for the first-order and second-order scalar wave equations on an overlapping grid. The analysis shows that non-dissipative approximations can have unstable modes with growth rates proportional to the inverse of the mesh spacing. This new result, which is relevant for the numerical solution of any type of wave propagation problem on overlapping grids, dictates the form of dissipation that is needed to stabilize the scheme. Numerical experiments show that the addition of the indicated form of dissipation and/or a separate filter step can be used to stabilize the SOS scheme. They also demonstrate that the upwinding inherent in the Godunov scheme, which provides dissipation of the appropriate form, stabilizes the FOS scheme. We then verify and compare the accuracy of the two schemes using the method of analytic solutions and using problems with known solutions. These latter problems provide useful benchmark solutions for time dependent elasticity. We also consider two problems in which exact solutions are not available, and use a posterior error estimates to assess the accuracy of the schemes. One of these two problems is additionally employed to demonstrate the use of dynamic AMR and its effectiveness for resolving elastic "shock" waves. Finally, results are presented that compare the computational performance of the two schemes. These demonstrate the speed and memory efficiency achieved by the use of structured overlapping grids and optimizations for Cartesian grids.
Paramagnetic resonance of the (Cr5+O4)H2 Halperin-Varma center in NH4H2AsO4 and KH2AsO4

The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum of Cr5+(3d 1,S=1/2) in undeuterated and 58%-deuterated NH4H2AsO4 was investigated. The EPRg-value tensors in the paraelectric and antiferroelectric phases are almost the same as those observed at high and low temperatures in KH2PO4 and KH2AsO4. This shows that the (Cr5+O4)H2 complex is the same in all crystals, i.e., a wave function ofd x 2−y 2 character coupled to two lateral protons which reorient among the four possible Slater configurations in the paraelectric phase. The remarkable isotope shift of the local dynamic reorientational slowing-down observed in KH2PO4 and KH2AsO4 in approximate proportion to the shift of the bulk ferroelectric transition temperaturesT c F , and the antiferroelectricT c AF of NH4H2AsO4, is analyzed qualitatively. It is shown to result mainly from the isotope effect of the short-range interactionJ sr via protons and deuterons for the impurity and for the bulk. Q-band data of the (Cr5+O4)H2 center in 75%-deuterated KH2AsO4 are also reported. An averaged high- and nonaveraged low-temperature EPR spectrum is observed in a temperature range of 250 to 290 K. The intensity ratio of the two follows an exp 2(T′—T)/Δ law over four orders of magnitude atT=266 to 273 K andΔ=5.3 to 6.1 K depending on the orientation of the external magnetic field. This novel result in motional narrowing is analyzed analytically to be compatible with a distributionP A ofτ 0(T′, T, Δ) of half widthΔ, in reorientation times $$\tau = \bar \tau _0 \exp {E \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {E {k T, }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {k T, }}\bar \tau _0 = \smallint \tau _0 P_A dT'$$ withE=0.23 ±0.02 eV, $$\vec \tau _0 = 4.7 \times 10^{ - 13} s$$ , probably resulting from the statistical occupation of deuterium atoms among the O—−H−O bridges. Comparison with a theory of Binder definitely proves the extrinsic slowing-down and thus Halperin-Varma type character. In the range of temperatures investigated no local freeze-out has been detected.
Linking human genetics with molecular medicine: will hereditary renal cancer play a major role?

An inherited or familial predisposition to form kidney tumors represents less than 4% of all renal malignancies. However, hereditary renal cancer (HRC) syndromes offer important opportunities for gene discovery and function. Basic and clinical HRC investigation often provides unique insight into regulation of cell growth, cell proliferation, tumor invasion and metastasis. The genetics, biochemistry and physiology of renal tumorigenesis has been directly impacted and significantly expanded by HRC research over the last ten years. Mutations have been identified in several genes tightly linked to increased risk for development of renal cancer. Inheritance of these mutated genes causes specific hereditary syndromes often associated with clinically significant non-renal manifestations. Molecular and biochemical alterations of most HRC gene products are also detected in sporadic renal cancer emphasizing the importance of HRC gene function in non-hereditary carcinogenesis. Despite these important molecular findi...
Bi-objective optimization for the inversion of seismic reflection data: Combined FWI and MVA

The inversion of seismic reflection data is challenging due to the oscillatory nature of the seismic data, the nonlinear relation between the data and the Earth’s model parameters, and the relative sensitivity of the different subsets of the data to the model parameters. Full-waveform inversion solves this inverse problem in the data space but is known to have shortcomings, especially because of the multi-modality and the numerous locally optimal solutions that its objective function allows. Migration velocity analysis indirectly relates to the inversion of seismic reflection data. Used in velocity model building, the method yields a macro model of the Earth’s subsurface but constrains this model only to be kinematically correct. Migration velocity analysis has also its share of well-known pitfalls. Interestingly, the two methods have complementary characteristics which potentially mitigate the drawbacks of each technique. To take advantage of the capability of full-waveform inversion and migration velocity analysis, a bi-objective optimization strategy combines the two methods to solve the inversion of seismic reflection data. A numerical example illustrates the benefits of this new strategy.
NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF PUCCINIA ON HYPTIS

This paper reviews the species of Puccinia parasitizing hosts of the genus Hyptis in North America. It is a continuation of a taxonomic study of the rust fungi occurring on members of the family Labiatae throughout the world. Baxter and Cummins in 1951 (3), Baxter in 1953 (1), and Baxter in 1955 (2) presented taxonomic treatments of the species of Puccinia known to occur on Salvia. In the present study considerable emphasis is placed on urediospore characters in separating species in the key. In discussing the species having urediospores with two equatorial or subequatorial pores, use is made of the system of urediospore types described and illustrated by Baxter and Cummins (3) in their treatment of the North American Salvia rusts. In some of the species on Hyptis, as in many of the Salvia rusts, the urediospores are radially asymmetrical. In such species the diameter and shape of an individual urediospore depend upon whether it is viewed with the pores in surface view or with the pores in lateral view.
Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of White Oak Wood in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed

Catalytic fast pyrolysis was performed on white oak wood using two zeolite-type catalysts as bed material in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor. The two catalysts chosen, on the basis of a previous s...
Stop denying migrants their fundamental right to healthcare.

Undocumented migrants have particular healthcare needs, including those related to torture, but countries are restricting access
Effect of GA3,IAA and Pistillate Glume on Germination Characteristics of Carex Baccans Nees Seed

The seeds of Carex baccans Nees in the family Cyperaceae were Soaked in 50,80,100mg·L-1 GA3 and IAA respectively for 12h,24h and 36h.GA3 and IAA had no significant effect on seed germination,But the pistillate glume is the main cause of the plant dormancy.
One case of fever with thrombocytopenia caused by a novel Bunyavirus

Yunxian People's Hospital reported a case of fever with thrombocytopenia in 2010.An epidemiological investigation revealed that the patient in question had not been bitten by a tick,ticks were found on cattle raised by villagers whom the patient had close contact with,and ticks were also found on horses raised by neighbors.Lab tests revealed that the patient's serum was positive for nucleic acids of a novel Bunyavirus.The patient was diagnosed with a fever and thrombocytopenia caused by a novel Bunyavirus.
Steklov Representations of Green's Functions for Laplacian Boundary Value Problems

This paper describes different representations for solution operators of Laplacian boundary value problems on bounded regions in $${\mathbb R}^N, N \ge 2$$ and in exterior regions when $$N = 3$$ . Null Dirichlet, Neumann and Robin boundary conditions are allowed and the results hold for weak solutions in relevant subspaces of Hilbert–Sobolev space associated with the problem. The solutions of these problems are shown to be strong limits of finite rank perturbations of the fundamental solution of the problem. For exterior regions these expressions generalize multipole expansions.
Patient-Centered Outcome Measures to Assess Functioning in Randomized Controlled Trials of Low-Vision Rehabilitation: A Review

Low-vision rehabilitation (LVR) aims to improve the functioning of patients with chronic uncorrectable visual impairment. LVR is inherently a patient-centered intervention since its approach and goals are dictated by the needs and abilities of each individual patient. Accordingly, it is essential to have patient-centered outcome (PCO) measures to assess and compare the efficacy and effectiveness of low-vision interventions; however, there is a lack of evidence on the effectiveness of LVR interventions. We reviewed the literature in order to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the field of LVR and the outcome measures used to assess patient functioning in these trials. We identified 15 RCTs of LVR that employed nine unique patient-reported, five unique performance-based, and one hybrid (combined patient-reported and performance) outcome measures. Since these trials used distinct tools to assess patient functioning, it is difficult to compare the effectiveness of competing rehabilitation interventions across studies. Selecting valid outcome measures that are both relevant to LVR goals of specific patient populations and that measure functioning across a range of visually demanding tasks could improve the ability to detect the effect of LVR and to compare rehabilitation strategies. There are advantages and limitations to the use of both patient-reported and performance-based outcome measures, and additional work should be undertaken to explore the relationship between these modes of assessment, as well as strategies for optimally integrating these approaches. Careful selection of outcome measures in the design of future RCTs in LVR may lead to improved understanding of the effectiveness of LVR and, ultimately, to improved functioning of patients with low vision.
Effect of ivermectin on allergy-type manifestations in occult strongyloidiasis.

Abstract Background The immunomodulatory effects of helminths have been well described. However, there is a relative lack of literature regarding the link between parasites and allergic diseases. A number of patients with allergic symptoms have positive serologic test results for Strongyloides stercoralis . Objective To identify patients with allergy-type symptoms and coexisting Strongyloides infection and to analyze the effect of Strongyloides eradication therapy with ivermectin on these symptoms. Methods The medical records of our allergy clinic sites were reviewed for Strongyloides test results between January 2011 and October 2014. Each allergy-type symptom was assessed separately with regard to improvement after ivermectin therapy. Results Among the 1,446 patients who had Strongyloides serologic tests ordered, 127 (8.8%) had positive test results. Eighty-four patients had follow-up data regarding allergy-type symptoms after ivermectin treatment. Among these, 52 patients (61.9%) reported skin-related problems (pruritus, urticaria, angioedema, and/or rash). Forty-nine patients (58.3%) had asthma, and 73.8% had allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Although respiratory symptoms typically did not respond to ivermectin treatment, 24 of 48 patients (50%) with skin symptoms reported a significant subjective improvement of symptoms after ivermectin treatment. Peripheral eosinophil counts significantly decreased after ivermectin treatment from 450 to 200/μL ( P Conclusion Serologic testing for strongyloides may be indicated for patients with allergy-type symptoms and a suggestive exposure history. Patients with strongyloidiasis and primarily cutaneous symptoms experienced significant symptomatic improvement after ivermectin therapy.
Unified Constitutive Modeling towards Enhanced Structural Integrity

Design and analysis of critical components in energy (nuclear, solar and fossil power), aerospace, automobile and chemical industries based on detailed inelastic analysis can enhance structural integrity and thereby economy. Especially for the components exposed to very high temperature thermomechanical fatigue loading, unified inelastic analysis based life prediction may enhance accuracy. A unified constitutive model (UCM) with features of strain rate-dependence, static recovery, mean-stress evolution, strain range-dependence, and finally creep damage is developed. The modified UCM is validated against simulating a broad set of strain-controlled isothermal and anisothermal fatigue and fatigue-creep responses, and stress-controlled creep responses of Haynes 230. Some of these results are presented to demonstrate improved simulations by the modified UCM. Importance of damage parameters in improving simulations in the tertiary creep regime is observed.
Security Vulnerabilities &#8212; From Data Analysis to Protection Mechanisms

This paper combines an analysis of data on security vulnerabilities (published in the Bugtraq database) and a focused source-code examination to (i) develop a finite state machine (FSM) model to depict and reason about security vulnerabilities and (ii) to extract characteristics shared by a large class of commonly seen vulnerabilities (e.g., integer overflow, heap overflow, format string, and stack buffer overflow). This information is used to devise Transparent Runtime Randomization (TRR), a generic, randomization-based technique for protecting against a wide range of security attacks. TRR dynamically and randomly relocates a programs stack, heap, shared libraries, and parts of its runtime control data structures inside the application memory address space. Making a programs memory layout different each time it runs foils the attackers assumptions about the memory layout of the vulnerable program and defeats potential attacks. TRR is implemented by changing the Linux dynamic program loader; hence, it is transparent to applications. TRR incurs less than 9% program startup overhead and no runtime overhead.
E-072 50 Shades of Gradients: Does the Pressure Gradient in Venous Sinus Stenting for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Matter?

Introduction Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a relatively uncommon, poorly understood disease that is often difficult to treat. First line medical and surgical therapies are often ineffective. Venous sinus stenosis is found in the vast majority of patients with IIH and venous sinus stenting (VSS) has been demonstrated to be effective in a select patient group. Identifying which patients will benefit from stenting remains unclear. One strategy is to measure the pressure gradient across the stenosis using retrograde transvenous manometry. Many authors have adopted a strategy whereby VSS is offered to patients with a pressure gradient above a certain threshold. This number is variable between different operators. In this study we reviewed the literature to try and establish what if any evidence exists to support a relationship between the pressure gradient across the stenosis and clinical outcomes. Materials and methods We systematically reviewed the English literature for studies reporting both the pressure gradients across the stenosis for each patient and the individual patient outcomes. Data was then analyzed for statistical correlations between the pressure gradient and the outcome. Results We identified 85 patients from 13 studies in which both the pressure gradient and clinical outcomes were reported for each patient. ANOVA comparing gradients with outcomes was not significant (p = 0.06). Student’s t-test analysis of the groups with a dichotomization between the group with favorable outcomes and those with unfavorable outcomes was also not significant (p =0.13). The pressure gradient was not found to be a statistically significant predictor of outcome on univariate logistic regression analysis (p = 0.15). Conclusion Venous sinus stenting for IIH appears to have good clinical results in selected cases. However, from the available reported cases in the literature, there does not appear to be any correlation between an increasing pressure gradient across the region of stenosis and the chances of an improved outcome. These findings underscore the need for further study of IIH and reflect our incomplete understanding of its exact pathophysiology. Disclosures C. McDougall: None. J. Beecher: None. V. Shen Ban: None. M. Fiesta: None. J. Barr: None. J. White: None. R. Novakovic: None. G. Pride: None. B. Welch: None.
Evolution of the Traditional Power System

Abstract This chapter starts with the history and outlook of the traditional power systems. It includes an introduction to some of the fundamental concepts of the traditional power systems. Topics introduced in this chapter have been taught by the author for several years in academia for different engineering courses. The selected topics are chosen to best represent fundamental knowledge required to understand operation of the traditional power systems as well as providing foundation for more advanced topics that are presented in later chapters of this book. Other topics in this chapter include the existing grid versus the smart grid, evolution and challenges, emerging standards and regulations, and future trends and drives.
Treating Melancholia in the Home: Theoretical Wisdom and Grim Reality in the Career and Life of EC Seguin (S57.003)

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the contributions of EC Seguin to the study of melancholia and its treatments with specific reference to his wife9s depression, suicide and murder of their three children. BACKGROUND: EC Seguin was one of the early core 19 th century neurologists who participated in the development of neurology as a specialty in the United States. DESIGN/METHODS: Examination of published writings by Seguin, newspaper articles covering the death of his family, and primary source documents, including letters, cemetery archives, and Seguin9s Last Will and Testament. RESULTS: Born in France, but raised from early childhood in the United States, Seguin published widely, developed a high-profile New York City practice, and was named Clinical Professor of Diseases of the Mind and Nervous System at the College of Physicians and Surgeons (New York) in 1874. Typical of the era, he studied neurological disorders, but also several conditions that today would be considered in the realm of psychiatry. One of his seminal papers was titled “The treatment of mild cases of melancholia at home” (1876). Contrary to the wide-spread practice of isolating patients in either rest homes or asylums, Seguin introduced and formalized treatment of depression within the household. Against this academic backdrop, Seguin returned home on October 31, 1882, to discover that his own wife, afflicted with longstanding depression and treated at home, had committed suicide after murdering their three children. Newspaper accounts and printed interviews of Seguin9s brother-in-law confirmed that Mrs. Seguin had been treated utilizing home therapy with at least some of the methods described in Seguin9s seminal treatise. CONCLUSIONS: The grim dichotomy between the confidently written manuscript and the reality of the treatment failure is a neurological lesson in humility regarding diseases and their unpredictable outcomes. Supported by: Dr. Goetz directs the Rush Parkinson9s Disease Research Center that receives support from The Parkinson9s Disease Foundation. Disclosure: Dr. Goetz has received personal compensation for activities with Addex Pharma SA, Asubio, Biovail Technologies, Boston Scientific, Cleveland Medical Devices, Decision Resources, Dixon Group, ICON Clinical Research, Impax Pharmaceuticals, and Ingenix. Dr. Goetz has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity from the Movement Disorder Society, and the American Academy of Neurology. Dr. Goetz has received research support from Michael J. Fox Foundation and the Parkisnon9s Disease Foundation. Dr. Harter has nothing to disclose.
Constructing a Catholic Church Out of Thin Air: Catholic Hour's Early Years on NBC Radio

This article traces the genesis and early development of Catholic Hour , a popular weekly radio program produced by the National Council of Catholic Men that first appeared on NBC radio in 1930. The show was part of a triumvirate of religious programs on free network airtime donated to fulfill government-mandated public interest programming requirements. While Catholic Hour's serialized, thematic sermons featured a variety of speakers, this piece centers on the rhetoric and listener responses associated with the program's two most popular personalities, Fathers Fulton Sheen and James Gillis. The article contends that Catholic Hour went beyond the cautious boundaries conceived for it by network and church officials to disseminate an idealized, and yet polyvalent, vision of Catholicism that reached a large and responsive audience of both non-Catholics and Catholics. As such, it transcended the bounds of region and ethnicity that had traditionally encumbered the voice and image of Catholicism in American culture. In achieving respectability, Catholic Hour simultaneously critiqued widespread social attitudes on topics such as the role of scientific authority and race in interwar American culture, offering what its speakers presented as a timeless, yet thoroughly American, take on important issues of the day. The speakers' success in building a wide-ranging audience was due in no small part to the unique qualities of the radio medium itself, a medium that enabled listeners to imagine Catholic authorities inoffensively chatting with them in their living rooms.
Historical Overview of Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder and Neurofeedback: Implications for Academic Achievement, Assessment, and Intervention in Schools.

From the first mention of impairments in attention in the scientific literature by the Scottish physician Alexander Crichton in 1798, the correlation between educational attainment and learning has been persistently noted. Since then, the impact of attention deficits on school achievement has been a central component in a significant portion of research, despite continual disagreements within the scientific community on identification, diagnosis, and efficacious interventions to address core symptoms of what is now referred to as Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This article provides the historical context in which the construct of ADHD was developed, as well as a discussion of two commonly used interventions to address symptoms of ADHD (e.g., pharmaceuticals and the use of electroencephalographic [EEG] operant conditioning, or “neurofeedback.”). While use of pharmaceutical interventions is relegated only to medical professionals, neurofeedback may have the potential to be used by highly trained special educators and school psychologists in academic settings.
Part decomposition and assembly-based (Re) design for additive manufacturing: A review

Abstract Additive Manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, has been highlighted as a complementary method to the traditional (subtractive and formative) manufacturing. This mainly results from its distinctive characteristics to directly produce complex shapes and assemblies without an assembly process. With these aspects, AM has affected the way products are designed and formed, which leads to an exclusive research area, known as Design for AM (DfAM). As a step towards addressing DfAM, this paper reviews the literature on re-designing an original model into assemblies produced in AM, named as Part Decomposition (PD). Although PD has received less attention in DfAM compared with Part Consolidation (PC) that is re-designing assemblies into a consolidated single part, PD has been studied with various motives and challenges for AM. To investigate the research trend in PD, 37 main publications are categorized under five motives including printability, productivity, functionality, artistry and flexibility. Additionally, from technical and methodological aspects, relevant studies are organized into decomposition issues (automatic, semi-automatic and manual decompositions), buildup issues (orientation decision for single- and multi-part and packing problem), and assembly issues (connection design and assembly process planning). As witnessed in this comprehensive review, the concept of PD leaves further research challenges spanning several disciplines. Along this line, we further elaborate future research directions of PD under three main categories: (1) enhancing the AM productivity for mass customization; (2) developing novel decomposition methods and guidelines; and (3) applying conventional design methodologies to PD.
CD206-positive myeloid cells bind galectin-9 and promote a tumor-supportive microenvironment.

In patients with metastatic melanoma, high blood levels of galectin-9 are correlated with worse overall survival and a bias towards a Th2 inflammatory state supportive of tumor growth. Although galectin-9 signaling through TIM3 on T cells has been described, less is known about the interaction of galectin-9 with macrophages. We aimed to determine whether galectin-9 is a binding partner of CD206 on macrophages and whether the result of this interaction is tumor-supportive. It was determined that incubation of CD68+ macrophages with galectin-9 or anti-CD206 blocked target binding and that both CD206 and galectin-9 were detected by immunoprecipitation of cell lysates. CD206 and galectin-9 had a binding affinity of 2.8 × 10-7 m. Galectin-9 causes CD206+ macrophages to make significantly more FGF2 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), but less macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC). Galectin-9 had no effect on classical monocyte subsets, but caused expansion of the non-classical populations. Lastly, there was a positive correlation between increasing numbers of CD206 macrophages and galectin-9 expression in tumors, and high levels of CD206 macrophages correlated negatively with melanoma survival. These results indicate that galectin-9 binds to CD206 on M2 macrophages, which appear to drive angiogenesis and the production of chemokines that support tumor growth and poor patient prognoses. Targeting this interaction systemically through circulating monocytes may therefore be a novel way to improve local anti-tumor effects by macrophages. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fostering resilience, promoting health and preventing disease in older adults

OVERVIEW This chapter examines how the health status (and with it life expectancy) of older adults can be improved through primary prevention (the use of health promotion and protection against diseases). Chapter 4 examines the same issue through secondary and tertiary prevention. Successful ageing is seen primarily in terms of resilience, and factors affecting health (e.g. environmental, cultural, gender-related and genetic) are explored. Introduction Living is not the good, but living well. The wise man therefore lives as long as he should, not as long as he can. He will observe where he is to live, with whom, how, and what he is to do. He will always think of life in terms of quality, not quantity. Seneca By 2020, the world population of people age 60 and older is expected to reach 1 billion, with over 700 million in the developing world (World Health Organization (WHO), 1999). As the world's population ages, there is increasing interest in the concept of successful ageing. However, no consensus exists on what this constitutes: although criteria usually include concepts such as low probability of disease and disease-related disability, high cognitive and physical functional capacity, and active engagement with life (Rowe and Kahn, 1987), surveys of older adults suggest they might judge success differently.
Modeling of fusion inhibitor treatment of RSV in African green monkeys.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a respiratory infection that can cause serious illness, particularly in infants. In this study, we test four different model implementations for the effect of a fusion inhibitor, including one model that combines different drug effects, by fitting the models to data from a study of TMC353121 in African green monkeys. We use mathematical modeling to estimate the drug efficacy parameters, emax, the maximum efficacy of the drug, and EC50, the drug concentration needed to achieve half the maximum effect. We find that if TMC353121 is having multiple effects on viral kinetics, more detailed data, using different treatment delays, is needed to detect this effect.
Disaster risk insurance: A comparison of national schemes in the EU-28

Abstract This paper analyses the insurance schemes against losses from natural disasters, in place in the EU-28 for residential properties, showing their complexity and variety. The comparison leads to the following conclusions. First, very high insurance penetration rates are usually associated with the direct involvement of the Government in the scheme, while they are not strictly correlated to its voluntary or compulsory nature, also because many intermediate solutions have been developed by EU countries. Second, since the link between insurance and risk reduction is not automatic, creative supporting measures are being tested by insurance schemes across the EU. Their success is, anyway, often disputed and needs to be further investigated. Third, the way ex post Government compensation is shaped does not directly impact on insurance penetration rates, but a certain degree of coordination between ex post Government compensation and insurance programs has the advantage of improving the efficient allocation of financial resources in risk management.
Extraction of Target Scattering Centers Using Robust-FFAST

The Robust Fast Fourier Aliasing-based Sparse Transform (R-FFAST) is used to locate an unknown number of scattering centers from the impulse response (high-resolution range profile HRRP) of a stepped-frequency radar target. The impulse response can be obtained by using frequency data in the order of four times the number of scatterers. A five scatterer synthetic target is first explored for algorithm verification. Radar data representing real commercial aircraft model returns are then investigated. The extracted features are used in a preliminary target recognition system.
Merging Photochemistry with Electrochemistry: Functional‑Group Tolerant Electrochemical Amination of C(sp 3 )−H Bonds

Direct amination of C(sp3 )-H bonds is of broad interest in the realm of C-H functionalization because of the prevalence of nitrogen heterocycles and amines in pharmaceuticals and natural products. Reported here is a combined electrochemical/photochemical method for dehydrogenative C(sp3 )-H/N-H coupling that exhibits good reactivity with both sp2 and sp3 N-H bonds. The results show how use of iodide as an electrochemical mediator, in combination with light-induced cleavage of intermediate N-I bonds, enables the electrochemical process to proceed at low electrode potentials. This approach significantly improves the functional-group compatibility of electrochemical C-H amination, for example, tolerating electron-rich aromatic groups that undergo deleterious side reactions in the presence of high electrode potentials.
Cognitive Science: An Introduction

This chapter presents a general introduction to basic concepts in cognitive science. This chapter provides a common framework to organize the basic knowledge: the human information processing (HIP) system. The HIP is a framework that represents different subsystems including the perceptual system, the motor system, and the cognitive system. The perceptual and motor systems are briefly discussed first. Then, the cognitive systems and its different subsystems including memory and attention, learning, problem solving, and decision making are discussed. This chapter is not intended to be a comprehensive review of the current knowledge in cognitive science, but rather a general introduction of the most fundamental processes and the well-known findings about HIP’s different subsystems. It is expected that this introduction would help readers to obtain a general overview of cognitive science and of cognitive psychology topics that are relevant for cardiovascular interventions.
Solid State Electronic Sensors for Detection of Carbon Dioxide.

Detection of carbon dioxide (CO2) is very important for environmental, health, safety and space applications. We have studied novel multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and an iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanocomposite based chemiresistive sensor for detection of CO2 at room temperature. The sensor has been miniaturized to a chip size (1 cm × 2 cm). Good sensing performance was observed with a wide detection range of CO2 concentrations (100–6000 ppm). Structural properties of the sensing materials were characterized using Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier-Transform Infrared and Raman spectroscopies. The greatly improved sensitivity of the composite materials to CO2 can be attributed to the formation of a depletion layer at the p-n junction in an MWCNT/iron oxide heterostructure, and new CO2 gas molecules adhere to the high surface area of MWCNTs due to the concentration gradient. The test results showed that the CO2 sensor possesses fast response, compact size, ultra-low power consumption, high sensitivity and wide dynamic detection range.