cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Iron Enhances the Neurotoxicity of Amyloid β

Brain microbleeds often occur in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Our previous studies have demonstrated that iron contributes to brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage. This study investigated the effect of iron on amyloid β (Aβ)-mediated brain injury. There are two parts to this study. In the first part, rats received an intracaudate injection of saline, iron, Aβ 25-35, or iron + Aβ 25-35. In the second part, rats received intracaudate injection of iron + Aβ and were treated with saline or cystamine, an inhibitor of transglutaminase. Rats were killed after 24 h for brain edema measurement. DNA damage, neuronal death, and tissue-type transglutaminase (tTG) expression were also examined. We found that brain water content in the ipsilateral caudate was higher (p < 0.05) in rats injected with iron + Aβ than with iron, Aβ, or saline. Combined iron + Aβ injection also resulted in more severe DNA damage (both single- and double-strand, p < 0.01) and more Fluoro-Jade C staining (p < 0.05). Expression of tTG increased markedly in the iron + Aβ group (p < 0.05), and treatment with a tTG inhibitor reduced brain edema (p < 0.05) and reduced degenerating neurons (124 ± 25 vs. 249 ± 50/mm2 in vehicle-treated group, p < 0.05). These results suggest that increased brain iron from microbleeds may exaggerate brain Aβ toxicity and that tTG is involved in the enhanced toxicity.
ROLE OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA IN THE SENESCENCE AND HYPOVIRULENCE OF FUNGI AND POTENTIAL FOR PLANT DISEASE CONTROL

The unique coenocytic anatomy of the mycelia of the filamentous fungi and the formation of anastomoses between hyphae from different mycelia enable the intracellular accumulation and infectious transmission of plasmids and mutant mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) that cause senescence. For reasons that are not fully apparent, mitochondria that are rendered dysfunctional by so-called "suppressive" mtDNA mutations proliferate rapidly in growing cells and gradually displace organelles that contain wild-type mtDNA molecules and are functional. The consequence of this process is senescence and death if the suppressive mtDNA contains a lethal mutation. Suppressive mtDNA mutations and mitochondrial plasmids can elicit cytoplasmically transmissible "mitochondrial hypovirulence" syndromes in at least some of the phytopathogenic fungi. In the chestnut-blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, the pattern of asexual transmission of mutant mtDNAs and mitochondrial plasmids resembles the pattern of "infectious" transmission displayed by the attenuating virus that is most commonly used for the biological control of this fungus. At least some of the attenuating mitochondrial hypovirulence factors are inherited maternally in crosses, whereas the viruses are not transmitted sexually. The natural control of blight in an isolated stand of chestnut trees has resulted from the invasion of the local population of C. parasitica by a senescence-inducing mutant mtDNA. Moreover, a mitochondrial plasmid, pCRY1, attenuates at least some virulent strains of C. parasitica, suggesting that such factors could be applied to control plant diseases caused by fungi.
Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor During Pregnancy in the Mouse Alters Mammary Development Through Direct Effects on Stromal and Epithelial Tissues

Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), an environment-sensing transcription factor, causes profound impairment of mammary gland differentiation during pregnancy. Defects include decreased ductal branching, poorly formed alveolar structures, suppressed expression of milk proteins, and failure to nutritionally support offspring. AHR is activated by numerous environmental toxins, such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and plays an as yet poorly understood role in development and reproduction. To better understand how AHR activation affects pregnancy-associated mammary gland differentiation, we used a combination of ex vivo differentiation, mammary epithelial transplantation, and AHR-deficient mice to determine whether AHR modulates mammary development through a direct effect on mammary epithelial cells (MECs) or by altering paracrine or systemic factors that drive pregnancy-associated differentiation. Studies using mutant mice that express an AHR protein lacking the DNA-binding domain show that defects in pregnancy-associated differentiation require AHR:DNA interactions. We then used fluorescence-based cell sorting to compare changes in gene expression in MECs and whole mammary tissue to gain insight into affected signaling pathways. Our data indicate that activation of the AHR during pregnancy directly affects mammary tissue development via both a direct effect on MECs and through changes in cells of the fat pad, and point to gene targets in MECs and stromal tissues as putative AHR targets.
The effects of contributions on price and attendance in the lively arts

In 1966 Baumol and Bo wen published Performing Arts The Economic Dilemma. [1] The Ford Foundation explored further the financial conditions of non-profit performing arts organizations in 1974 in publishing The Finance of the Performing Arts . [2] One of the major points emanating from these studies was that the earnings gap the gap between earnings and expenditures for non-profit lively arts organizations was increasing. This differential historically has been covered by donations from both the private and public sectors. That non-profit lively arts organizations will remain dependent upon these contributions appears to be a virtual certainty. However, these sources of revenue are relatively less stable than those which arise from earnings and therefore enter an element of uncertainty into the future of these organizations. [3] As prices have failed to increase to cover costs, contributions have been increasingly relied upon to meet growing deficits. This is evidenced in Table 1. Historically, the largest contributions have come from the private sector. However, as observed in Table 2, public sources have been playing a relatively increasing role. Fund-raising activities come under the broader heading of promotion and include such diverse activities as bake sales, benefits, and the writing of grant proposals. Adizes has claimed that the responsibility for fund-raising in the arts should rest with the Board of Directors. [4] The goal should not be to simply break-even, but to obtain funding commensurate with the creative pursuits of the artists. Although the artistic director should be provided with a budgetary framework, he should not be burdened with financial realities. It is the Board's responsibility to fill the gap between expenditures and earnings which may ensue. Adizes points out, however, that the gap should not be filled from the pockets of the Board. Board members are expected to serve on fund-raising committees which obtain donations externally. Individuals may be motivated to give to the arts for philanthropic as well as other reasons. Tax deductions may provide one incentive for the private
Nationalism, Globalization, Eastern Orthodoxy: `Unthinking' the `Clash of Civilizations' in Southeastern Europe

Although the historical process of globalization has promoted the nation-state as a universal cultural form, national ideologies are far from uniform. This article explores how the competing discou...
Human tear film lipids: I. Composition of the principal non-polar component

Conflict in the literature as to the identity of the principal neutral component of human Meibomian secretion has been resolved by confirming the identification of this component as mixed waxes and cholesterol esters. In addition, over 90% of the alcohols and fatty acids in this component have been identified by vapor-phase chromatography. Considerable amounts of branched-chain fatty acids and branched-chain aliphatic alcohols were present in this principal component. The composition of this fraction is compared with the reported composition of the corresponding fraction originating in the sebaceous gland.
Epidemiology of ulcerative keratitis in Northern California.

Objective To determine the incidence and associated risk factors for ulcerative keratitis in northern California. Methods In this large-population, retrospective, cohort study, all medical records with diagnosis coding for corneal ulcers during a consecutive 12-month period were reviewed. Incidence rates were calculated using a dynamic population model. Multivariate relative risk regression was conducted to evaluate potential risk factors for ulcerative keratitis. Results Within the target population of 1 093 210 patients, 302 developed ulcerative keratitis. The incidence of ulcerative keratitis was 27.6 per 100 000 person-years (95% confidence interval, 24.6-30.9). The incidence of corneal ulceration in contact lens wearers was 130.4 per 100 000 person-years (95% confidence interval, 111.3-151.7), with an adjusted relative risk of 9.31 (7.42-11.7; P P Conclusions The incidence of ulcerative keratitis in this population is higher than previously reported. This may be owing to the increasing prevalence of contact lens wear.
Adaptation of cat motoneurons to sustained and intermittent extracellular activation

1. The main purpose of this study was to quantify the adaptation of spinal motoneurons to sustained and intermittent activation, using an extracellular route of stimulating current application to single test cells, in contrast to an intracellular route, as has been used previously. In addition, associations were tested between firing rate properties of the tested cells and other type (size)-related properties of these cells and their motor units. 2. Motoneurons supplying the medial gastrocnemius muscle of the deeply anaesthetized cat were stimulated for 240 s with microelectrodes which passed sustained extracellular current at 1.25 times the threshold for repetitive firing. Many cells were also tested following a rest period with intermittent 1 s current pulses (duration 600 ms) at the same relative stimulus strength. Cell discharge was assessed from the EMG of the motor unit innervated by the test neuron. The motoneurons and their motor units were assigned to four categories (i.e. types FF, FR, S and F; where F = FF + FR) based on conventional criteria. In all, twenty F (16 FF, 4 FR) and fourteen S cells were studied with sustained stimulation. Thirty of these cells (17 F, 13 S) and an additional two cells (1 F, 1 S) were studied with intermittent stimulation. 3. The mean threshold current required for sustained firing for a period of > or = 2 s was not significantly different for F and S cells. However, most of the other measured parameters of motoneuron firing differed significantly for these two cell groups. For example, at 1.25 times the threshold current for repetitive firing, the mean firing duration in response to 240 s of sustained activation was 123 +/- 88 s (+/- S.D.) for F cells vs. 233 +/- 19 s for S cells. These values were significantly longer than those from a comparable, previously reported study that employed intracellular stimulation. With intermittent stimulation, the firing durations of F and S cells were not significantly different from each other. 4. All cells exhibited a delay from the onset of current to the first spike, followed by a brief accelerating discharge that was followed by a slower drop in firing rate. Some cells (21 of 34 with sustained activation; 20 of 32 with intermittent) exhibited doublet discharges (interspike intervals < or = 10 ms) that were intermingled with the more predominant singlet discharges. Doublets were more common in the S cell type.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Rural health clinics and diabetes-related primary care for medicaid beneficiaries in Oregon.

: Background: This study assessed whether Rural Health Clinics (RHCs) were associated with higher rates of recommended primary care services for adult beneficiaries diagnosed with diabetes in Oregon's Medicaid program, the Oregon Health Plan (OHP). Methods: OHP claims data from 2002 to 2003 were used to assess quality of diabetic care for beneficiaries residing in urban areas or rural areas with or without at least 1 RHC. Study subjects included Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) or disabled beneficiaries, aged 18-64, who were enrolled in the OHP for 12 months per study year and had at least 1 claim with a diabetes diagnosis (n = 6,267). Diabetes-related primary care was measured by the proportion of patients receiving each of 3 recommended tests at least once during the calendar year: hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid profile, and eye exam. Logistic regression models were used to identify differences in testing rates across the geographic areas, after controlling for individual differences including age, race, sex, and health status. Results: Rural areas with no RHC had significantly lower rates of HbA1c testing, lipid profiles, and eye exams than urban areas (P < .01). Rural areas with at least 1 RHC had significantly higher rates for lipid profiles and eye exams than other rural areas (P < .05). No significant differences were detected in testing rates between rural areas with an RHC present and urban areas. Conclusions: RHCs in rural Oregon were associated with higher rates of recommended primary care for diabetes, consistent with the intent of the policy intervention.
Chemosterilization of Screwworm Flies with Negligible Residues for Release in Nature

Male screwworm flies, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), treated with a sterilizing dose of N,N' -tetramethylenebis(1-aziridinecarboxamide) were sexually sterile about 40 min. after injection, 110 min. after immersion, or 180 min. after topical administration. Flies treated topically retained a considerable external residue 1 week later. At 24 hr posttreatment, about 1/2 the applied dose was present. However, more than 95% of this external residue could be removed by briefly immersing the flies in a strong aqueous solution of sodium thiosulfate. In contrast, flies treated by immersion had no external residue detectable by bioassay 24 hr or 1 week posttreatment. By chemical assay, they had 0–22.2 μg/fly at 8 hr posttreatment, but this amount had dropped to 0–8.6 μg/fly at 24 hr posttreatment.
The eSNV-detect: a computational system to identify expressed single nucleotide variants from transcriptome sequencing data

Rapid development of next generation sequencing technology has enabled the identification of genomic alterations from short sequencing reads. There are a number of software pipelines available for calling single nucleotide variants from genomic DNA but, no comprehensive pipelines to identify, annotate and prioritize expressed SNVs (eSNVs) from non-directional paired-end RNA-Seq data. We have developed the eSNV-Detect, a novel computational system, which utilizes data from multiple aligners to call, even at low read depths, and rank variants from RNA-Seq. Multi-platform comparisons with the eSNV-Detect variant candidates were performed. The method was first applied to RNA-Seq from a lymphoblastoid cell-line, achieving 99.7% precision and 91.0% sensitivity in the expressed SNPs for the matching HumanOmni2.5 BeadChip data. Comparison of RNA-Seq eSNV candidates from 25 ER+ breast tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project with whole exome coding data showed 90.6‐96.8% precision and 91.6‐95.7% sensitivity. Contrasting single-cell mRNA-Seq variants with matching traditional multicellular RNA-Seq data for the MD-MB231 breast cancer cell-line delineated variant heterogeneity among the single-cells. Further, Sanger sequencing validation was performed for an ER+ breast tumor with paired normal adjacent tissue validating 29 out of 31 candidate eSNVs. The source code and user manuals of the eSNV-Detect pipeline for Sun Grid Engine and virtual machine are available at http://bioinformaticstools.mayo.edu/ research/esnv-detect/.
Simulation Studies of Instabilities and Emittance Growth in a Periodic Solenoidal Channel with Linear and Nonlinear Focusing

While a carefully designed electron beam and its transport system are interesting on their own because of the very low emittances which can be achieved, the behavior of such a beam can also be of more general applicability. If the electron current is much less than the Alfven current, so that the space charge potential depression across the beam is negligible compared with beam energy, the equations which describe this system are identical in form to other such systems. The fully nonlinear beam dynamics can then be used to mimic the behavior of other appropriately scaled electron or ion beams which are neither so economical to construct nor as easy to employ in detailed experiments as the low energy electron analog. This scaleability and the ease of construction of a low energy electron transport system are advantages which the University of Maryland Intense Beam Transport Experiment has been designed to exploit. The cylindrical geometry can be exploited to examine the differences as well as similarities to the more complicated A-G geometry. At the very low emittances obtained in the Maryland experiment, the particle beam can be strongly influenced by a complex set of nonlinear phenomena as it propagates down themore » channel. In this regime, simulations can be a particularly useful tool in interpreting the experimental data and relating beam behavior to analytic calculations which, to be tractable, generally require substantial simplifying assumptions. The simulations described here are designed to explore the range of parameters for which interesting nonlinear physics is important and which are also relevant to the experiment, so that meaningful comparisons to the simulations will be possible.« less
The Authority of Writing in Plato’s Laws

While traditionally Plato has been read as a critic of democracy and an advocate of philosopher-kingship, a number of more recent interpretations have argued that Plato’s views about these issues c...
NO Synthase Uncoupling in the Kidney of Dahl S Rats: Role of Dihydrobiopterin

NO synthase (NOS) can paradoxically contribute to the production of reactive oxygen species when l-arginine or the cofactor R-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH 4 ) becomes limited. The present study examined whether NOS contributes to superoxide production in kidneys of hypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats compared with an inbred consomic control strain (SS-13 BN ) and tested the hypothesis that elevated dihydrobiopterin (BH 2 ) levels are importantly involved in this process. This was assessed by determining the effects of l-nitroarginine methyl ester (l-NAME) inhibition of NOS on superoxide production and by comparing tissue concentrations of BH 4 and BH 2 . A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was applied for direct measurements of BH 4 and BH 2 using (S)-tetrahydrobiopterin as an internal standard. Superoxide concentrations were measured in vivo from medullary microdialysis fluid using dihydroethidine and in vitro using lucigenin. The results indicate the following: (1) that superoxide levels were elevated in the outer medulla of SS rats fed a 4% salt diet and could be inhibited by l-NAME. In contrast, l-NAME resulted in elevated superoxide production in consomic SS-13 BN rats because of higher NOS activity; (2) SS rats showed a reduced ratio of BH 4 /BH 2 in the outer medulla that was driven by increased concentrations of BH 2 ; and (3) lower superoxide dismutase and catalase activities contributed to elevated reactive oxygen species in SS samples. Based on the shift of BH 4 to BH 2 and the observation of l-NAME inhibitable superoxide production, we conclude that NOS uncoupling occurs in the renal medulla of hypertensive SS rats fed a high-salt diet.
A dispersion-tapered reflection soliton oscillator

This paper presents the first demonstration of a dispersion-tapered reflection soliton oscillator (RS0). Prior soliton oscillators have relied on uniform nonlinear transmission lines (NLTLs) to self-generate electrical solitons. In this work we show that the stabilizing mechanisms for uniform NLTL soliton oscillators are sufficient to stabilize and self generate solitons using a dispersion-tapered NLTL. Moreover, we show that the dispersion-tapered NLTL provides a significant benefit in further sharpening the soliton pulses in the soliton oscillator. Through two experimental prototypes we demonstrate a 40 % difference in pulse width between the uniform NLTL RSO and the dispersion-tapered RSO introduced in this paper.
Protein Design by Sampling an Undirected Graphical Model of Residue Constraints

This paper develops an approach for designing protein variants by sampling sequences that satisfy residue constraints encoded in an undirected probabilistic graphical model. Due to evolutionary pressures on proteins to maintain structure and function, the sequence record of a protein family contains valuable information regarding position-specific residue conservation and coupling (or covariation) constraints. Representing these constraints with a graphical model provides two key benefits for protein design: a probabilistic semantics enabling evaluation of possible sequences for consistency with the constraints, and an explicit factorization of residue dependence and independence supporting efficient exploration of the constrained sequence space. We leverage these benefits in developing two complementary MCMC algorithms for protein design: constrained shuffling mixes wild-type sequences positionwise and evaluates graphical model likelihood, while component sampling directly generates sequences by sampling clique values and propagating to other cliques. We apply our methods to design WW domains. We demonstrate that likelihood under a model of wild-type WWs is highly predictive of foldedness of new WWs. We then show both theoretical and rapid empirical convergence of our algorithms in generating high-likelihood, diverse new sequences. We further show that these sequences capture the original sequence constraints, yielding a model as predictive of foldedness as the original one.
Organic photovoltaics

Organic photovoltaic cells have the potential to offer low cost solar energy conversion, and are considered as a promising candidate to replace fossil fuels in the future. This tutorial will describe the fundamental operation principles of these devices and review the major advances in this field.
Collagen Fiber Orientation Mapping with Top Layer Discrimination using Polarized Light Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (pSFDI) on Native Heart Tissue

We developed and demonstrated that pSDFI is able to perform the depth controlled collagen fiber orientation mapping on native heart tissue in a fast manner. pSFDI will facilitate the development of microstructure based constitutive model.
Lipoprotein lipase response in Laennec's cirrhosis.

Summary1. Increased lipoprotein lipase response has been observed in patients with Laennec's cirrhosis. 2. When compared with Laennec's cirrhotics, a small group of patients with recent myocardial infarction (presumptive evidence of coronary atherosclerosis) demonstrated a higher serum cholesterol/lipid phosphorus ratio with a lower lipoprotein lipase response. 3. Hypoalbuminemia in Laennec's cirrhosis produced no depressant effect on lipoprotein lipase response. 4. Other types of hepatic pathology and jaundice have demonstrated a variable lipoprotein lipase response, but no apparent increase.
Studies of the mitogenic effect of serotonin in rat renal mesangial cells

A vasoactive inflammatory amine, serotonin, stimulates DNA synthesis in rat glomerular mesangial cells in a dose-dependent manner and acts synergistically with either insulin or epidermal growth factor (EGF). The combined effects of 10(-6) M serotonin and these peptide hormones are nearly equal to those induced by 10% fetal bovine serum. Serotonin stimulates the turnover of polyphosphoinositols resulting in a transient rise in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration, as measured either with the photoprotein aequorin, or with fura-2. This is accompanied by a transient increase in 45Ca2+ efflux from prelabeled cells. Serotonin also induces a prompt and sustained threefold increase in Ca2+ influx rate across the plasma membrane and a rapid and sustained twofold increase in cellular 1,2-diacylglycerol content. In addition, there is an increase in the extent of phosphorylation of an acidic 80-kDa protein, a putative substrate for protein kinase C. Activators of protein kinase C (including phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol) mimic the mitogenic effect of serotonin. The effect of serotonin on cell proliferation is partially inhibited in a reversible manner by LiCl. Treatment of mesangial cells with insulin plus EGF for 60 min leads to a small but consistent increase in the content of inositol phosphates and 1,2-diacylglycerol. Their effects are additive to those of serotonin. Moreover, insulin and EGF significantly stimulate the phosphorylation of the 80-kDa protein, and potentiate the serotonin-induced phosphorylation of this protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Uncertainty Evaluation Method of Complicated Measurement System

The traditional method of uncertainty evalution has been difficult to analyse the complicated measurement system's uncertainty which is developing to more complicate,modularization and digitalzation.This paper is to solve this question,it promotes a method that decompose a complicated system into several subsystems,then analyses the uncertainty of every subsystem accroding to the signal flow.At the end of this paper,an example is presented to show the process of evaluation.This new method is promotes a new path to analyse the complicated measurement system's uncertainty.There are also some questions and flaw in this method,which need to be further studied.
The Unique Roles of UNC-45 Domains in Chaperoning Myosin Folding and Modulating Myosin Powerstroke

Molecular chaperones increase de novo protein folding efficiency in the crowded environment of the cell. They typically function by shielding hydrophobic regions of unfolded and partially folded proteins, preventing misfolding and aggregation. Also, certain chaperones interact with proteins further along their folding process, including the native state, but the relevance of this role remains unclear. Investigation of the mechanisms used by the chaperones UNC-45 and Hsp90 to assist in folding the myosin motor domain offers an ideal opportunity to investigate these gaps in knowledge.The main driver of current research is our unexpected finding that the myosin chaperone UNC-45 inhibits myosin motor domain powerstroke until its partner chaperone Hsp90 reverses the inhibition. We have found that the distinct domains comprising UNC-45 participate in discretely different transactions during myosin folding and assembly: 1) the UCS domain shields misfolding of folding intermediates as they occur heat shock conditions (and hence is responsible for the ‘classic chaperone’ function); 2) Our binding studies indicate that the Central domain also interacts with myosin but does not prevent myosin aggregation thus it does not possess chaperone-like activities. We found that the Central domain alone acts as an inhibitor of myosin power stroke. This different behavior and the fact that the Central domain induces significant conformational changes within the myosin--UNC-45 complex through allosteric interactions, suggest that the Central domain performs a different function than the UCS domain; 3) the TPR domain recruits Hsp90 to allow the myosin powerstroke to resume actin translocation(‘unblocking’ function).Our studies should provide novel mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of increased or reduced myosin activity (such as in certain hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies) and its modulation by chaperones.This work was supported by the American Heart Foundation (AHA 13GRNT17290006).
Chemoselective Coupling Preserves the Substrate Integrity of Surface-Immobilized Oligonucleotides for Emulsion PCR-Based Gene Library Construction.

Combinatorial bead libraries figure prominently in next-generation sequencing and are also important tools for in vitro evolution. The most common methodology for generating such bead libraries, emulsion PCR (emPCR), enzymatically extends bead-immobilized oligonucleotide PCR primers in emulsion droplets containing a single progenitor library member. Primers are almost always immobilized on beads via noncovalent biotin–streptavidin binding. Here, we describe covalent bead functionalization with primers (∼106 primers/2.8-μm-diameter bead) via either azide–alkyne click chemistry or Michael addition. The primers are viable polymerase substrates (4–7% bead-immobilized enzymatic extension product yield from one thermal cycle). Carbodiimide-activated carboxylic acid beads only react with oligonucleotides under conditions that promote nonspecific interactions (low salt, low pH, no detergent), comparably immobilizing primers on beads, but yielding no detectable enzymatic extension product. Click-functionalized bea...
Bound States in Three Dimensions

Three-dimensional problems in quantum mechanics almost always involve central potentials of the type that were dealt with in classical mechanics in Chap. 3 These central potential problems are usually solved using spherical coordinates. When the TISE can be separated in an additional coordinate system an additional symmetry exists (beyond the obvious isotropic symmetry associated with a central potential ). This additional symmetry signals an “accidental degeneracy” (Burkhardt and Leventhal, Topics in atomic physics, Springer, New York, 2006), a degeneracy beyond the \(\left (2\ell + 1\right )\)-fold degeneracy associated with the isotropy of the central potential (Burkhardt and Leventhal, Foundations of quantum physics, Springer, New York, 2008). In this chapter we concentrate on central potentials with a small dose of Cartesian potential problems just to show that there are other coordinate systems used for three-dimensional problems in quantum mechanics.
Protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) expression in benign cutaneous mesenchymal, histiocytic, and melanocytic lesions: comparison with cellular neurothekeoma

Summary Cellular neurothekeoma (CNTK) frequently enters the differential diagnosis of a benign dermal cellular proliferation. Diagnosis often relies on immunohistochemistry including the use of protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5). A previous study demonstrated PGP9.5 expression across a wide variety of soft tissue neoplasms. We explored the utility of this antibody in distinguishing CNTK from other benign dermal-based lesions. A cohort of CNTK ( n = 7) and benign cutaneous lesions of neural ( n = 28), fibrohistiocytic ( n = 23), fibroblastic ( n = 25), histiocytic ( n = 18), myofibroblastic ( n = 7), smooth muscle ( n = 14), and melanocytic ( n = 12) differentiations were immunostained with PGP9.5. Staining was graded by H-score and compared with CNTK. A significantly higher H-score was found in CNTK compared with the fibrohistiocytic ( p = 0.0001), histiocytic ( p = 0.0016), myofibroblastic ( p = 0.0003), smooth muscle ( p p = 0.0004) groups, with the exceptions of plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumour, xanthoma, and xanthogranuloma. No significant difference was found when comparing CNTK with fibroblastic and neural lesions, with the exceptions of neurofibroma and perineurioma. In conclusion, PGP9.5 is helpful in distinguishing CNTK from most benign cutaneous fibrohistiocytic, histiocytic, myofibroblastic, smooth muscle, and melanocytic lesions. In addition to CNTK and neural lesions, PGP9.5 is also expressed in benign fibroblastic lesions, and therefore distinction of these lesions should not be based on PGP9.5 positivity.
Tracing You: How transparent surveillance reveals a desire for visibility:

Tracing You is an artwork that presents a website's best attempt to see the world from its visitors’ viewpoints. By cross referencing visitor IP addresses with available online data sources, the wo...
Hope, Coping, and Relationship Quality in Mothers of Children With Down Syndrome

Parenting a child with Down syndrome may pose unique challenges for parents' relationship quality. This study used structural equation modeling with a sample of 351 mothers of children with Down syndrome to test if hope mediated the association between mothers' various coping behaviors and mothers' relationship quality. Hope was defined as a generalized positive state that comes from a personal sense of agency. Results indicated a greater degree of religious coping and internal coping were each significantly associated with more hope, whereas support seeking was not related with more hope. Higher hope was significantly associated with greater relationship quality. Bootstrapped indirect effects from both religious coping and internal coping to hope, and then hope to relationship quality, were identified. Implications for therapists and future research are described.
Internal Porosity Detection in Additively Manufactured Parts via Electromechanical Impedance Measurements

The flexibility offered by additive manufacturing (AM) technologies to fabricate complex geometries poses several challenges to non-destructive evaluation (NDE) and quality control (QC) techniques. Existing NDE and QC techniques are not optimized for AM processes, materials, or parts. Such lack of reliable means to verify and qualify AM parts is a significant barrier to further industrial adoption of AM technologies. Electromechanical impedance measurements have been recently introduced as an alternative solution to detect anomalies in AM parts. With this approach, piezoelectric wafers bonded to the part under test are utilized as collocated sensors and actuators. Due to the coupled electromechanical characteristics of piezoelectric materials, the measured electrical impedance of the piezoelectric wafer depends on the mechanical impedance of the part under test, allowing build defects to be detected. This paper investigates the effectiveness of impedance-based NDE approach to detect internal porosity in AM parts. This type of build defects is uniquely challenging as voids are normally embedded within the structure and filled with unhardened model or supporting material. The impact of internal voids on the electromechanical impedance of AM parts is studied at several frequency ranges.
Exaggerated Sympathetic Neurovascular Transduction as a Mechanism of Neurogenic Hypertension: It Is Not All About Activity.

See related article, pp 192–198 Black adults experience a higher prevalence of hypertension and blood pressure–related target-organ damage relative to other ethnic groups,1 so a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for hypertension in this population is particularly important. Abundant evidence indicates that the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is at least partially responsible for elevated arterial pressure in a significant fraction of blacks with essential hypertension.2 But the implications and translational use of this statement are much less simple than they seem on the surface. One complication is that the degree to which the SNS determines arterial pressure varies depending on patient age, sex, body weight, salt intake, and other factors.2,3 Another complication is that increases in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA; defined here as sympathetic nerve firing rate) do not have to occur uniformly to affect arterial pressure; elevated SNA in some organs (or vascular beds) can cause hypertension even while SNA remains normal in others.4 Furthermore, the SNS affects arterial pressure through a variety of mechanisms. For example, increased SNA may raise arterial pressure primarily by affecting either total peripheral …
Helping Students Take Visual Design to New Heights:Utilizing Design Concepts to Create Fantasy Fascinators

Visual Design and Dress is one of the first courses that design and merchandising students take. In addition to serving as an introduction to design, the course is designed to create excitement about the major and to give students a taste of things to come. It also attracts non-majors, allowing it to serve as a recruiting tool. To prompt students to actually utilize the course concepts—the elements and principles of design—the final project always involves the creation of an article of dress (anything that is worn on the body or carried).
Biologically inspired imaging sensors for multi-spectral and polarization imagery

Multi-spectral and polarization imaging have enabled and exploited a wide range of applications, from remote sensing to biomedical applications such as early cancer detection for image-guided surgery. However, state-of-the-art multispectral and polarization cameras are still based on conventional advances in optics and integrated circuits, yielding bulky form factors and poor signal reconstruction. Thus, these technologies have failed to be adopted as research or clinical imaging tools. Nature is full of examples of animals that take advantage of multi-spectral and polarization phenomena to gain an evolutionary advantage. For example, elegant low-power and compact biological visual systems, capable of multispectral and polarization imaging surpassing any man-made imaging system, can be found in the compound eyes of many arthropods. Here, we demonstrate radically novel, multi-spectral and polarization imaging sensors that function on the same fundamental principles as do the ommatidia of the mantis shrimp. Our bio-inspired imaging systems combine vertically stacked photodiodes, for single-pixel trichromatic vision, with an array of pixelated polarization filters, resulting in compact and low-power architectures. Our single-chip imager comprises of 1280-by-720 pixels, yielding a 62 dB and 48 dB dynamic range and signal-to-noise ratio, respectively, and operates at a maximum frame rate of 24 fps. This topology inherently co-registers in time and space the different spectral and polarization channels. This novel and ergonomic technology is enabling real-time in situ underwater polarization imaging as well as applications in biomedical fields.
Central Limit Problem

The Central Limit Problem of probability theory is the problem of convergence of laws of sequences of sums of r.v.’s.
VLSI-/370 Microprozessor Overview

With steadily increasing circuit density on CMOS chips the time has finally come to put a mainframe architecture on a CMOS chip. As /370 is the most widely used mainframe architecture it was the natural candidate for such an implementation. This paper describes the design principles and the implementation strategy that led to the VLSI-/370 Microprocessor chipset. It serves as an introduction to the six papers referenced under {1} thru {6} which expand on the technology used, the design language employed, the various tools for logic design, delay optimization and physical design, and the verification process and experience.
On a Temporal Investigation of Hurricane Strength and Frequency

Hurricanes originating in the West Atlantic often have devastating consequences on the cities in the US east coast, both monetary and otherwise, and hence pose a source of considerable concern to several authorities. The possibility of a connection between global warming in general and an increased frequency of these strong hurricanes is well researched, but is still actively debated. The present work tries to promote the use of a smoothing statistic termed empirical recurrence rates and to advocate the use of another, termed empirical recurrence rates ratio in a bid to better understand the rich history of these storms on one hand and to make appropriate inferences on the other, so that some light can be shed on the acceptability of conjectures held by renowned climate scientists. The methods introduced are intuitive and simple to implement and should find wide applications in diverse disciplines.
Calcineurin-dependent Protein Phosphorylation Changes During Egg Activation in Drosophila melanogaster.

In almost all animals studied to date, the crucial process of egg activation, by which an arrested mature oocyte transitions into an actively developing embryo, initiates with an increase in Ca2+ in the oocyte's cytoplasm. This Ca2+ rise sets off a series of downstream events, including the completion of meiosis and the dynamic remodeling of the oocyte transcriptome and proteome, which prepares the oocyte for embryogenesis. Calcineurin is a highly conserved phosphatase that is activated by Ca2+ upon egg activation and that is required for the resumption of meiosis in Xenopus, ascidians, and Drosophila. The molecular mechanisms by which calcineurin transduces the calcium signal to regulate meiosis and other downstream events are still unclear. In this study, we investigate the regulatory role of calcineurin during egg activation in Drosophila melanogaster,. Using mass spectrometry, we quantify the phosphoproteomic and proteomic changes that occur during egg activation, and we examine how these events are affected when calcineurin function is perturbed in female germ cells. Our results show that calcineurin regulates hundreds of phosphosites and also influences the abundance of numerous proteins during egg activation. We find calcineurin-dependent changes in cell cycle regulators including Fizzy (Fzy), Greatwall (Gwl) and Endosulfine (Endos); in protein translation modulators including PNG, NAT, eIF4G, and eIF4B; and in important components of signaling pathways including GSK3β and Akt1. Our results help elucidate the events that occur during the transition from oocyte to embryo.
Group Therapy Trainees’ Social Learning and Interpersonal Awareness: The Role of Cohesion in Training Groups

ABSTRACTDespite the common use of experiential training groups for group therapy training, the essential features of training groups have not been fully realized yet. Few studies have tested the impact of cohesion on trainees’ session-to-session development over the course of a training group. As such, this study empirically tested the association between trainees’ perceptions of group cohesion and their interpersonal awareness and social learning session-to-session. Results indicated that within- and between-trainee cohesion was significantly related to trainees’ social learning and interpersonal awareness. Additionally, time significantly moderated the between-trainee cohesion–social learning relationship, such that this relationship increased over time.
PROFOUND ANEMIA, ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AND “HEMATURIA” FOLLOWING PERIPHERAL ANGIOPLASTY AND STENTING: WHAT IS YOUR DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS?

Severe anemia, acute kidney injury (AKI) and urinary discoloration following a peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) is usually attributed to access site bleeding, contrast induced nephropathy and/or anticoagulation related urinary tract blood loss. Pharmacomechanical thrombectomy associated
Fairness Perceptions of Job Displacement Due to Automation and Outsourcing

Automation is a critical and timely source of job displacement, but little is known about how observers react to automation-driven layoffs. In a series of six studies, we contrast reactions to auto...
Dendrochronology of a rare long-lived mediterranean shrub

Ceanothus verrucosus (CEVE) is a globally rare, long-lived, chaparral shrub endemic to coastal southern California (CA) and northern Mexico. There is concern for CEVE persistence because of habitat loss, fire, and climate change, yet little is known about basic features of the plant, including whether it contains annual rings, plant age, and climate–growth response. Growth-ring analysis was challenging because of semi-ring-porous structure, false, and missing rings. We successfully crossdated CEVE annual rings, primarily from Cabrillo National Monument, CA, using a nearby Pinus torreyana chronology. The oldest living individual had 116 rings; the oldest inner-ring date was 1873; and most of the plants established between 1894 and 1905, all older than previous estimates. CEVE mortality occurred during a dry period from the late 1940s through the early 1960s. Correlations between age and stem measurements were weak to moderate (r = 0.10 to 0.56) posing challenges for field-based estimates of plant ages, which are important for population modeling. Variability in CEVE ring width had a strong positive correlation with prior cool-season (October–April) precipitation, yet 2- to 7-day warm-season precipitation events were recorded as rare false rings in multiple years, indicating extreme plasticity in cambial phenology and growth response to moisture.
Comparative measurements using different particle size instruments

This paper discusses the measurement and comparison of particle size and velocity measurements in sprays. The general nature of sprays and the development of standard, consistent research sprays are described. The instruments considered in this paper are: pulsed laser photography, holography, television, and cinematography; laser anemometry and interferometry using visibility, peak amplitude, and intensity ratioing; and laser diffraction. Calibration is by graticule, reticle, powders with known size distributions in liquid cells, monosize sprays, and, eventually, standard sprays. Statistical analyses including spatial and temporal long-time averaging as well as high-frequency response time histories with conditional sampling are examined. Previous attempts at comparing instruments, the making of simultaneous or consecutive measurements with similar types and different types of imaging, interferometric, and diffraction instruments are reviewed. A program of calibration and experiments for comparing and assessing different instruments is presented.
Selective Hypothesis Testing

A diverse set of biases that have been found to characterize judgment may be similarly mediated by a process of selective hypothesis testing. Our paper begins with a definition of selective hypothesis testing and an explanation of how and when this process leads to error. We then review a diverse and often disconnected set of findings in the person perception, judgment, cognition, attitudes, attribution, and rule discovery literatures that can be explained by this process. Finally, we examine the question of why the selective testing of hypotheses occurs. Although the psychological literature suggests that selective hypothesis testing contributes to a variety of errors, in many contexts it may be a useful and efficient strategy that leads to satisfactory judgment.
PLANNING SAFE AND EFFICIENT BICYCLE CROSSINGS

An exclusive bicycle path is considered by many to be the highest type design for bicycle facilities. The most serious problem associated with them is that they cannot be completely separated from motor vehicle traffic without the use of costly grade separations at crossings. When not grade separated, it is recommended that a choice be made between yield signs, stop signs, and traffic signals to provide control. These common traffic control devices are recognizable and well understood by both motorists and bicyclists. It is possible to make the proper selection of control methodology taking into account anticipated delays and traffic volumes of both bicycles and motor vehicles. Their operators' behavior patterns are affected by traffic volumes and the control device in place. Knowledge of this behavior will allow for safety to be considered when controls are selected.