cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment on algal community development: Artificial mini-reefs on the Belize Barrier Reef sedimentary lagoon

The experiments to compare DIN and SRP enrichment effects on algal community development were conducted within a lagoonal rubble/sand reef apron west of the back reef flat at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. Macroalgae dominate (23 taxa, 57% cover), ambient dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations are above the levels documented for release of macroalgal growth (means of 2.06 mM DIN = dissolved inorganic nitrogen and 0.12 mM SRP = soluble reactive phosphorus) and grazing is negligible (1.7% Acanthophora spicifera consumed 6 h � 1 ). Mini-reef diffusers containing slow-release fertilizers significantly (P < 0.05) increased DIN in the experimental DIN and SRP + DIN treatments by 2- and 3-fold (means of 4.64 and 6.41 mM), respectively; while SRP was increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the SRP and SRP + DIN treatments by 5- and 8-fold to means of 0.69 and 0.94 mM, relative to the control treatments. SRP and SRP + DIN treatments favored colonization by Cyanobacteria such as Spirulina sp. on the mini-reef/diffusers, with an opposite detrimental effect on reef-building crustose coralline algae. The Cyanobacteria bloom further inhibited the long-term settlement and colonization of crustose coralline algae. Conversely, the DIN and control mini-reef treatments showed low Cyanobacteria cover and became colonized by abundant reef-building coralline algae, consisting mostly of Hydrolithon boergesenii and crust stages of Amphiroa fragilissima. After 1 year, the competitively overgrowing macrophytes A. spicifera, Palisada papillosa, Padina sanctae-crucis and Spyridia filamentosa conspicuously dominated all of the treatment- and control-replicates, in accordance with the nutrient-replete ambient waters and negligible herbivory within this habitat. As predicted, nutrient additions to the mini-reef diffusers resulted in significant elevations of tissue nutrients in the most-abundant colonizer and habitat dominant, A. spicifera. Although, the resultant decreases of both the C:N and C:P molar ratios corresponded to the elevated DIN and SRP treatments, this uptake was entirely superfluous, since control population colonization and growth matched that of the experimental nutrient treatments.
How Are Your Graduates Doing? Do They Still Love You?

Section 33 of the AACSB requirements for Specialized Accreditation of Accounting Programs requires that that each accounting program applying for specialized accreditation demonstrate its success with regard to the placement of students within three months of graduation and the career success of graduates at an appropriate later time (e.g., 5 or 10 years). The accounting program in a medium sized Midwestern university recently applied for “Specialized Accounting Accreditation” and found that only anecdotal data was available to satisfy this standard. In order to satisfy section 33 of the standards a questionnaire was developed and emailed to a list of accounting graduates. A list of 1,026 email addresses for accounting graduates was obtained from the alumni office and questionnaires were sent by email to each of the graduates. As expected, some of the email addresses were outdated and 269 were returned as undeliverable leaving 757 questionnaires delivered to accounting graduates. A total of 212 were returned for a 28% response rate with 103 (48%) requesting a copy of the results. The average age of the respondents was 44.2 years and the average graduation year was 1986, suggesting that the average age at graduation (21 years ago) was 23 years. The oldest graduate was 74 and the youngest was 22. More than one half of the graduates had obtained their first professional position before graduation and 90% had obtained a professional position within three months of graduation. Respondents were asked how many times they had changed companies in their careers and, remarkably, 23% had never changed companies. All of the graduates, except for one who had never changed companies, were satisfied with the progression of their careers. Another requirement of standard 33 is to demonstrate “career success of graduates at an appropriate later time (e.g., 5 or 10 years).” Graduates were asked if they were “satisfied with the progression of your career.” Remember, on average they had been graduated for about 12 years. Ninety seven percent indicated that they were satisfied with the progression of their careers. That indicates that they have achieved career success as they define success. Responses to whether graduates believe their education at Marshall adequately prepared them for their career were significantly (0.000) with whether they were satisfied with the progression of their career and with whether they would recommend the accounting program at Marshall to their children or friends (0.000 level). These relationships suggest that graduates are consistent in their approval and support for the accounting program.
Electrical resistivity and porosity structure of the upper Biscayne Aquifer in Miami-Dade County, Florida

Summary Square array electrical soundings were made at 13 sites in the Biscayne Aquifer distributed between 1 and 20 km from the shoreline. These soundings were modeled to investigate how resistivity varies spatially and with depth in the upper 15 m of the aquifer. Porosity was estimated from the modeled formation resistivity and observed pore fluid resistivity with Archie’s Law. The models were used to interpolate resistivity and porosity surfaces at −2, −5, −8, and −15 m elevations. Modeled resistivity in the unsaturated zone is generally higher than 300 Ω m with the resistivity at sites with thick unsaturated zones greater than 1000 Ω m. Resistivity in the saturated zone ranges from 30 to 320 Ω m. At many sites in the western portions of the study area, resistivity is constant or increases with depth whereas sites in the center of the Atlantic Coastal Ridge exhibit a distinct low resistivity zone ( ρ 50%) is seen at elevations below −5 m at sites in the center of the Atlantic Coastal Ridge and likely corresponds to solution features. The general NE–SW trend of the resistivity and porosity structure suggests a causal connection with the Pleistocene paleogeography and sedimentary environments.
Modeling Salt Panne Land-Cover Suitability under Sea-Level Rise

ABSTRACT Linhoss, A.C. and Underwood, W.V., 2016. Modeling salt panne land-cover suitability under sea-level rise. Salt pannes are an ecologically important but poorly understood feature of the salt marsh environments. Like all coastal marshes, salt pannes are threatened by sea-level rise; therefore, it is important to assess how they will be affected by rising seas. Because of a lack of understanding regarding salt panne formation and the possibly stochastic nature of their development, a traditional and purely deterministic modeling approach is unsuitable for assessing the impacts of sea-level rise on salt pannes. This research used a combination of deterministic and stochastic models to simulate the land-cover suitability for salt pannes in the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Mississippi, under five sea-level rise scenarios, including a rise of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 m by 2100. The Sea-Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM) simulated general land-cover at the study site. However, SL...
Information on B → π π provided by the semileptonic process B → π l ν

Analysis of the present data on the semileptonic process $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}\ensuremath{\pi}l\ensuremath{\nu}$ indicates that they have not yet reached the precision to provide adequate information on the $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}\ensuremath{\pi}$ form factor ${F}_{+}{(q}^{2}),$ which for ${q}^{2}{=m}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{2}$ is known to be related to the factorized color-favored $(``T,''$ or ``tree'') contribution to ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}.$ It is shown here that with around 500 $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}\ensuremath{\pi}l\ensuremath{\nu}$ events in which rate and spectrum are measured one can improve the accuracy of T by a significant amount. A recent CLEO determination of the ${D}^{*}D\ensuremath{\pi}$ coupling constant is compared with an earlier prediction, and its role in the description of the $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}\ensuremath{\pi}$ form factors is noted. When combined with an estimate of the penguin amplitude $(``P'')$ obtained using flavor SU(3) symmetry from $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}K\ensuremath{\pi}$ decays, information on T allows one to gauge the effects of the penguin amplitude on extraction of the weak phase $\ensuremath{\alpha}={\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{2}$ from the time-dependent CP-violating rate asymmetry in ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}.$ The constraint on $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ implied by a recent experimental result on this asymmetry is described.
Carbon nanotubes enhanced cellulose nanocrystals films with tailorable electrical conductivity

Abstract Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and commercial multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are used to prepare CNT enhanced CNC films at various CNT weight fractions via an aqueous suspension vacuum filtration method with the purpose of studying potential synergistic effects between the CNTs and the CNCs in hybrid nanoparticle networks. The addition of CNTs even at very low concentrations allows the use of vacuum filtration for CNC films. The hybrid films show superior tensile and promising electrical properties by comparison with the CNC film. CNT enhanced CNC films prepared with micro-size CNT aggregates in the absence of surfactant exhibit improved tensile properties by comparison with the CNC films, suggesting that the CNCs could help disperse and stabilize the CNTs in aqueous suspensions. A maximum in tensile properties is obtained at a CNT concentration of around 10 wt.% with 6.26 GPa modulus and 179.7 MPa strength. Moreover the hybrid films are more ductile than the CNC film, resulting in improved tensile toughness. The surface electrical resistivity for the hybrid films can be tuned within a range from 102 to 1011 Ω/sq by manipulating the CNT weight fraction as well as the environmental humidity.
The Great Dog Massacre in Late Qing China: Debates, Perceptions, and Phobia in the Shanghai International Settlement

Modern assessments of a well-known sign in a Shanghai park that stated “Dogs and Chinese Not Admitted” have established that the dog aspect of it was not true, but the sign remains highly visible in the Chinese historiography of Western imperialism. Such reassessments do not seem to recognize that the sign might have meant something considerably different to Chinese and foreigners in late Qing Shanghai than it would have in later periods of modern Chinese history. Dog–human relations had changed through a mix of two processes: dog-keeping as a social practice and the challenges of rabies in the management of urban space. Under the rule of the Shanghai Municipal Council, animals, health, and imperialism converged in the Shanghai International Settlement to destabilize the traditional roles of dogs and introduce modernity through the disciplining of both animal and human bodies and the demarcation and management of new urban spaces.
The Screwball Bromance: Regression, Bisexuality, and Reconfigured Masculinity in Step Brothers

This article argues that the 2008 movie Step Brothers subverts the classical form of the screwball comedy, which always presents the outcome of heterosexual marriage. Instead, Step Brothers present...
Visualization of Two-Phase Flow Through Microchannel Heat Exchangers

Multiphase flow phenomena in single micro- and minichannels have been widely studied. Characteristics of two-phase flow through a large array of microchannels are investigated here. An air-water mixture is used to represent the two phases flowing through a microchannel array representative of those employed in practical applications. Flow distribution of the air and water flow across 52 parallel microchannels of 0.3 mm hydraulic diameter is visually investigated using high speed photography. Two microchannel configurations are studied and compared, with mixing features incorporated into the second configuration. Slug and annular flow regimes are observed in the channels. Void fractions and interfacial areas are calculated for each channel from these observations. The flow distribution is tracked at various lengths along the microchannel array sheets. Statistical distributions of void fraction and interfacial area along the microchannel array are measured. The design with mixing features yields improved flow distribution. Void fraction and interfacial area change along the length of the second configuration, indicating a change in fluid distribution among the channels. The void fraction and interfacial area results are used to predict the performance of different microchannel array configurations for heat and mass transfer applications. Results from this study can help inform the design of compact thermal-fluid energy systems.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Further Studies of Effect of Sulphur Compounds on Production of Diabetes with Alloxan

ConclusionBAL, in doses of .36 -.72 mM/kg completely protected rats against a diabetogenic dose of alloxm (40 mg/kg intravenously) when the protective agent was given immmdiately preceding the alloxan injection. However, no protection was observed when the disulfhydryl compound was given 5 minutes following the alloxan. Methionine, in doses of 2.9 mM/kg, and thiourea, in doses of 7.5 mM/kg, injected immediately preceding a diabetogenic does of alloxan did not alter the course of alloxan diabetes.
Density, Speed of Sound, and Viscosity Measurements of Reference Materials for Biofuels

Measurements of density, speed of sound, and viscosity have been carried out on liquid certified reference materials for biofuels as a function of temperature at ambient pressure. The samples included anhydrous and hydrated bioethanol and two biodiesel fuels from different feedstocks, soy and animal fat. The ethanol samples were measured from a maximum temperature of 60 to 5 °C (speed of sound) and to −10 °C (density and viscosity), respectively. The biodiesel samples were characterized from 100 °C (density and viscosity) and from 70 °C (speed of sound) to 10 °C (animal fat-based) and 5 °C (soy-based). Densities were measured with two vibrating-tube instruments of different accuracy. The speeds of sound were measured with a propagation-time method in an acoustic cell that was combined with one of the densimeters. Viscosities were measured with an open gravitational capillary viscometer and with a rotating concentric cylinder viscometer, according to Stabinger. The measurement results are reported with det...
Distilling the information literacy standards: Less is more

This paper describes the history and rationale for an interactive multimedia Web tutorial that was created by librarians at the University of Wyoming to serve the needs of distance learners and on-campus students. The tutorial is called TIP, Tutorial for Information Power, and it moves beyond standard library instruction in its focus on the broader concepts of information literacy. Also discussed is the creative process of developing TIP, including how the authors determined which information literacy standards were most appropriate for inclusion. The initial evaluation of TIP is described, as well as future possibilities.
Latent Dimensions of Executive Functions in Early Childhood

Executive functions (EF) are known to be a multidimensional construct in adults; however, the underlying dimensions of EF in early childhood are unclear. Theoretical models of EF have generally suggested the importance of language, attention, and inhibition abilities as developmental foundations for EF abilities. This study investigated the construct validity of EF by administering a diverse battery of measures of EF along with cognitive measures representing different theoretical models of EF (language, attention, and inhibition) to 70 preschool children. The EF battery included measures of working memory (verbal and nonverbal), set shifting, and problem solving. A maximum likelihood factor analysis with oblimin rotation resulted in a three factor model; however, only two factors (language and inhibition) were related to EF measures. Results from the current study suggest language and behavioral inhibition are two foundational latent abilities for the development of EF abilities in early childhood. Attention, although important in many EF theories, may also be important for cognitive development but appears to be less important for EF abilities in preschool children. Results from this study suggest executive functions in early childhood consist of multiple distinct but inter-related components that are associated with underlying cognitive foundations.
Synthesis, conformational stability, and asymmetric transformation of atropisomeric 1,8-bisphenolnaphthalenes.

Highly congested, axially chiral 1,8-bisphenolnaphthalenes have been synthesized in 75% overall yield by palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling of 1,8-diiodonaphthalene and 4-methoxy-2-methylphenylbor...
Cultural and Morphologic Findings in Cervical and Mediastinal Lymph Nodes at Necropsy, with Reference to Fungi

One lymph node from the supraclavicular area and one from the mediastinum, each with little gross abnormality, were examined from 101 consecutive autopsies in an area endemic for histoplasmosis. Attempts were made to demonstrate fungi by culture, animal inoculation, and morphologic methods using special stains. Histoplasma capsulatum was found on culture once; Cryptococcus neoformans was found twice. Grossly “normal” lymph nodes were selected, but even then two cervical and ten mediastinal lymph nodes showed scars or scarring granulomas. In two lymph nodes with negative cultures, H. capsulatum was demonstrated with the Grocott methenamine-silver procedure. The recovery of pathogenic fungi by culture clearly indicates activity of the disease. The clinical importance of the morphologic demonstration of fungi in apparently healed lesions must be interpeted individually.
Unravelling the best combination of therapies to treat anaplastic thyroid cancer.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is rare and associated with a short life expectancy. The majority of patients have coexisting differentiated thyroid carcinoma or long standing history of goiter. Al...
A Novel On-Chip Impedance Calibration Method for LPDDR4 Interface between DRAM and AP/SoC

In this paper, a novel on-chip impedance calibration methodology for a LPDDR4 (low power double data rate) application is proposed. The background calibration operates to compensate mismatches and variations of the output NMOS drivers from process and temperature variations. The impedance matching concept uses process sensor and temperature monitoring sensors closely located to DQ pins as a means to detect output driver transistor mismatches due to process and temperature variations. In addition, digitized sensor outputs from ADCs are used as inputs of look-up tables, which control calibration codes of the transmitter driver. The proposed circuitry is designed with DRAM bidirectional transceiver and implemented using a standard 180nm CMOS technology, and the impedance calibration technique is demonstrated with external termination resistance of 40/48/60/80/120/240 ohm, respectively. In the receiver end, a PMOS input sense amplifier is designed considering the required common mode range for the LVSTL (low voltage swing termination logic) signal interface, and an adaptive gain control scheme is also applied on the receiver design. The process sensor is utilized to control the gain factor of the receiver. The active area including power-ring of the transmitter is 14.4mm2 with only 0.48mm2 of the proposed calibration circuit overhead.
Modeling and Analysis of Curved Leaf-spring Triangle Compliant Joint

The research on straight leaf-spring shows that the constraint-based action is essential for stiffness and accuracy of a complaint joint.So far,little research about constraint-based action has been done for the curved leaf-spring especially for the curved leaf-spring compliant joint.Building up the stiffness model and accuracy model is important for compliant mechanisms synthesis.Based on Awtar-formula,the approximate rotation angle model and axis drift model of a curved leaf-spring triangle compliant joint under simultaneous load(bending moment,tangential force and axial force) are built.The rotation angle model and axis drift model are verified by finite element analysis.The curved leaf-spring triangle compliant joint is versatile that is revealed by the FEA simulation and model computation,the character can provide a new method for the compliant joint structure synthesis.
The effect of roentgen irradiation on epiphyseal growth experimental studies upon the dog.

1. Roentgen dosages of from 800 to 1,200 r were directed over selected joints of sixweek-old dogs. The treated area included the joint, epiphysis, and adjacent metaphysis. 2. The epiphyseal cartilage was profoundly affected, and retardation of growth occurred. 3. The articular cartilage of the treated joints showed frank microscopic evidence of degenerative changes, and was not so thick as in the controls. These changes were not sufficient to interfere with joint function during the period of the experiment, and were not apparent on gross examination. 4. There was no evidence of significant abnormality in the adjacent cortical or cancellous bone, synovial membrane, joint capsule, skin, or pariarticular soft tissues. 5. Mild bowing of the treated fore limb occurred in eight of twelve animals. No such deformity occurred in the hind limbs. 6. Although shortening of the treated bone occurred in each instance, there was evidence of stimulation of growth at the untreated epiphysis of the treated long bone. The cause of this stimulating effect is not apparent. 7. The clinical use of roentgen irradiation of growing epiphyses to control longitudinal growth inequalities in children must he considered as experimental, and fraught with some potential dangers. Whether the danger is greater than is incurred in surgical procedures, such as lengthening or shortening of the lower extremity and epiphyseodesis, must await further investigations.
SU-G-206-14: Individual Dose Alert Thresholds for Abdominal CT Protocols Due to Statistical Independence of Dose Distributions

Purpose: To determine whether a single dose management system alert threshold will suffice for the 34 abdomen protocols on our institution's CT scanners, or if these alert thresholds should be set per protocol. Parametric statistical analysis is ideally valid only for distributions demonstrating: (1) normality (2) homogeneity of variance (3) interval scale and (4) independence. Dose distributions are notoriously non-normal and thus nonparametric statistical analysis is typically required. Methods: Dose distribution data were collected from a HD750 CT scanner (GE Healthcare) at our institution over the third and fourth quarters of 2015. In total there were 1793 abdomen studies using 34 different protocols. Protocols were selected for statistical analysis (SPSS, IBM Corp.) if the count over the period was ≥ 50 to produce statistically meaningful results. Nine protocols with count ranging from 61-398 were selected. Protocol dose distributions were statistically analyzed to determine: (1) normality – Shapiro-Wilk test (2) homogeneity of variance – Levene Statistic (3) similarity of medians – Median test, and (4) similarity of distribution – Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: For the nine abdomen protocols used with exam count ≥ 50, the dose distributions were statistically significantly different from normal for eight protocols (p≤[0.001-0.035]), homogeneity of variance invalidated for five protocols (p≤[0.001-0.037]), median values not the same across all protocols (p<0.001), and all dose distributions different from each other (p<0.001). Conclusion: That all abdomen protocols with exam count ≥ 50, the distributions were predominantly: (1) non-normal (2) of unequal variance over the distributions (3) of unequal means and (4) non-identical distributions indicates that the abdomen protocols in general must be treated independently with non-parametric statistical analysis and thus the alert thresholds should be calculated and set individually, that is, there cannot be a solitary meaningful alert threshold utilized over all abdominal protocols examined in this study.
The Phoenix: Lines 199b-207 and Psalm 101.7-8

(1989). The Phoenix: Lines 199b-207 and Psalm 101.7-8. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 3-6.
Efficient Generation of Long‐Lived Triplet Excitons in 2D Hybrid Perovskite

Triplet excitons form in quasi-2D hybrid inorganic-organic perovskites and diffuse over 100 nm before radiating with >11% photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE) at low temperatures.
Improving Reliability of Judgmental Forecasts

All judgmental forecasts will be affected by the inherent unreliability, or inconsistency, of the judgment process. Psychologists have studied this problem extensively, but forecasters rarely address it. Researchers and theorists describe two types of unreliability that can reduce the accuracy of judgmental forecasts: (1) unreliability of information acquisition, and (2) unreliability of information processing. Studies indicate that judgments are less reliable when the task is more complex; when the environment is more uncertain; when the acquisition of information relies on perception, pattern recognition, or memory; and when people use intuition instead of analysis. Five principles can improve reliability in judgmental forecasting: 1. Organize and present information in a form that clearly emphasizes relevant information. 2. Limit the amount of information used in judgmental forecasting. Use a small number of really important cues. 3. Use mechanical methods to process information. 4. Combine several forecasts. 5. Require justification of forecasts.
Genome-Wide Screens for Identification of Host Factors in Viral Replication

The central step in virus infection cycle is replication, which depends on viral and host factors. Model hosts, such as yeast, can be very valuable to identify host factors and study the functional interactions of host factors with viral proteins and/or the virus nucleic acids. The advantages of using yeast include the availability of (i) single gene-deletion library, (ii) the essential gene library (yTHC), (iii) the controllable small or large-scale expression of viral proteins and nucleic acids, and (iv) the rapid growth of yeast strains. Here, we describe procedures, which facilitate high-throughput analysis of tombusvirus replication in yeast.
NF-kappaB inhibition in EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transforms B-l/mphocytes into lymphoblastoid cell lines usurping multiple signaling pathways including NF-κB activation. To determine whether NF-κB activity is essential in the growth and survival of EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines, a non-degradable IκBa mutant was expressed under tetracycline regulation in IB4 cells. NF-κB inhibition caused caspase 3 and 8 activation, PARP cleavage, and DNA fragmentation indicative of apoptosis. Mitochondrial membrane potential was diminished without release of cytochrome c or apoptosis initiating factor. z-VAD.FMK, a general caspase inhibitor, failed to block apoptosis, indicating a distinct pathway contributes to cell death. Bfl-1 expression, an anti-apoptotic Bcl–2 family member, is diminished after NF-κB inhibition whereas Bcl–2 and Bcl-x/L expression is unaffected. These studies suggest that NFκB itself, or NF-κB-regulated genes, will be successful molecular targets for the treatment of EBV-associated diseases.
Medbuddy: a mobile medicinal management system for children with ADD/ADHD

ADD/ADHD is a chronic, debilitating disorder that can cause patients to be forgetful and disorganized due to the lack of attention. It can be especially disruptive if the patient were a child. Although the exact regimen prescribed is adjusted on a case-to-case basis, the most effective treatment often involves a combination of medicines and behavioral therapies. Medbuddy is a mobile medication management system designed to improve young patients' compliance to the prescription instructions, while attempting to affect positive changes in their behaviors by establishing structured and consistent daily routines and providing both positive and negative feedbacks. By providing timely reminders when it's time to take medications, establishing a reward schedule to reinforce positive behaviors, and interacting with child patients with a configurable avatar, Medbuddy is designed to be an agent of fun that combines medicinal and behavioral treatments to make ADD/ADHD child patients better so they may develop their full potentials.
Germline DNA-repair Gene Mutations and Outcomes in Men with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Receiving First-line Abiraterone and Enzalutamide.

Abstract Background Inherited DNA-repair gene mutations are more prevalent in men with advanced prostate cancer than previously thought, but their clinical implications are not fully understood. Objective To investigate the clinical significance of germline DNA-repair gene alterations in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) receiving next-generation hormonal therapy (NHT), with a particular emphasis on BRCA/ATM mutations. Design, setting, and participants We interrogated 50 genes for pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline mutations using leukocyte DNA from 172 mCRPC patients beginning treatment with first-line NHT with abiraterone or enzalutamide. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis We assessed the impact of germline DNA-repair gene mutation status on ≥50% and ≥90% PSA responses, PSA progression-free survival (PSA-PFS), clinical/radiologic progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Survival outcomes were adjusted using propensity score-weighted multivariable Cox regression analyses. Results and limitations Among 172 mCRPC patients included, germline mutations (in any DNA-repair gene) were found in 12% (22/172) of men, and germline BRCA/ATM mutations specifically in 5% (9/172) of men. In unadjusted analyses, outcomes to first-line NHT were better in men with germline BRCA/ATM mutations (vs no mutations) with respect to PSA-PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.47; p =0.061), PFS (HR 0.50; p =0.090), and OS (HR 0.28; p =0.059). In propensity score-weighted multivariable analyses, outcomes were superior in men with germline BRCA/ATM mutations with respect to PSA-PFS (HR 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.25–0.92; p =0.027), PFS (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.28–0.98; p =0.044), and OS (HR 0.34, 95% CI 0.12–0.99; p =0.048), but not in men with non- BRCA/ATM germline mutations (all p >0.10). These results require prospective validation, and our conclusions are limited by the small number of patients ( n =9) with BRCA/ATM mutations. Conclusions Outcomes to first-line NHT appear better in mCRPC patients harboring germline BRCA/ATM mutations (vs no mutations), but not for patients with other non- BRCA/ATM germline mutations. Patient summary Patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and harboring germline mutations in BRCA1/2 and ATM benefit from treatment with abiraterone and enzalutamide.
Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and human resources outsourcing (HRO): A “HERO” combination for SME performance

Abstract Small/medium enterprises (SMEs) constitute most firms in the United States; thus, the issues that impact their performance are significant for many stakeholders. A factor that enhances firm performance is a firm's adoption of an entrepreneurial orientation (EO). However, studies do not extensively examine the role of human resources, which are important for SMEs, in the EO/performance relationship. The current study extends the knowledge-based view (KBV) of the firm, which focuses on knowledge generation and application as a source of competitive advantage. Specifically, we examine the impact on SME performance of an EO's interactions with human resources outsourcing (HRO) and strategic human capital (HC). The results show that strategic HC moderates the relationship between EO and SME performance; further, the use of HRO is important for SMEs that have a competitive advantage based on HC. We also test the interactions of HC and EO, and provide theoretical and practical implications.
Study of single airborne particle using laser-trapped submicron position-resolved temporal Raman spectroscopy

Abstract Study of various molecules located in different positions and of their temporal reactions within a microsized particle in its natural phase is essential to deeper understanding the functions of these molecules. Here, we measured the temporal Raman spectra in different submicron positions of a laser-trapped droplet composed of diethyl phthalate and glycerol. Results demonstrated the micro-cavity enhanced effects, the morphology change, dynamics of phase-separation, and evaporation of the mixed droplet. This method offers a powerful tool to monitor various chemical reactions in different positions within a single cell, spore, or particle in life science and atmospheric science.
On Nuclear Reactions in Defects

The variability of results concerning cold fusion, together with the difficulty of explaining the observations, suggests that some nonstandard processes may be occurring. One such possibility is th...
Two-Step Warfarin Therapy for the Prophylaxis of Venous Thrombosis After Elective Surgery

A recurrent theme in the management of patients subjected to major surgical procedures has been the need for safe but effective anti-thrombotic treatment. This is an especially difficult dilemma for extensive bone or joint repair or replacement surgery, during which the prothrombotic tendencies would appear to require the use of more intensive anticoagulant therapy. Thus, Sevitt and Gallagher demonstrated a clearcut decrease in clinical deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism and in autopsy-proven thrombotic disease with coumarin therapy before repair of hip fracture, but this was achieved at an increased risk of bleeding complication (Table 1).
Echinococcosis (Hydatid Disease)

The hydatid diseases are caused by the cystic larval (metacestode) stages of cestodes of the genus Echinococcus. These parasites have life cycles involving two hosts. The adult tapeworms are found in the intestines of carnivores, the larval forms in the viscera of a variety of mammalian intermediate hosts. Transmission is often accomplished by the predator-prey relationship existing between the definitive and intermediate hosts. Humans and intermediate hosts become infected by ingesting eggs passed in the feces of definitive hosts. Four species are recognized: E. granulosus (Batsch, 1786); E. multilocularis Leuckart, 1862; E. oligarthrus (Diesing, 1862), and E. vogeli Rausch and Bernstein, 1972. The definitive and intermediate hosts as well as the characteristics of the disease produced in humans vary for each species (Table 1). Echinococcus granulosus, the cause of cystic hydatid disease, occurs worldwide and is of considerable public health and economic importance in some countries; E. multilocularis and E. vogeli cause the alveolar and polycystic forms of hydatid disease, respectively.
Theoretical and Experimental Aspects of Brain Tissue Oxygenation Dynamics

This investigation concerns the brain tissue response to variations in carotid artery pO2. A theoretical model was developed and several experimental methods employed to produce dynamic arterial pO2 changes in intubated cats, outlined as follows: Method Experiments Changes in Inspired O2 Hyperoxic Step Changes (air → 95% O2–5% CO2) Hypoxic Step Changes (air → N2, or O2-CO2 mixtures → N2) Oscillating Changes ≤ 0.1 Hz (air → N2, or O2-CO2 mixtures → N2) Blood Exchange System Hypoxic Changes Oscillating Changes ≤ 1.0 Hz Pseudo-Random Noise Changes
The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of the α7 nAChR weak partial agonist p-CF3 N,N-diethyl-N’-phenylpiperazine

Chronic pain and inflammatory diseases can be regulated by complex mechanisms involving α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), making this subtype a promising drug target for anti-inflammatory therapies. Recent evidence suggests that suchtreatment of inflammatory pain may rely on metabotropic-like rather than ionotropic activation of the α7 receptor subtype in non-neuronal cells. We previously identified para-trifluoromethyl (p-CF3) N,N-diethyl-N'-phenylpiperazinium (diEPP) iodide to be among the compounds classified as silent agonists, which are very weak α7 partial agonists that are able to induce positive allosteric modulator (PAM)-sensitive desensitization. Such drugs have been shown to selectively promote α7 ionotropic-independent functions. Therefore, we here further investigated the electrophysiological profile of p-CF3 diEPP and its in vivo antinociceptive activity using Xenopus oocytes expressing α7, α4β2, or α3β4 nAChRs. The evoked currents confirmed p-CF3 diEPP to be α7-selective with a maximal agonism 5% that of acetylcholine (ACh). Coapplication of p-CF3 diEPP with the type II PAM 4-naphthalene-1-yl-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3-H-cyclopenta[c]quinoline-8-sulfonic acid amide (TQS) produced desensitization that could be converted to PAM-potentiated currents, which at a negative holding potential were up to 13-fold greater than ACh controls. Voltage-dependence experiments indicated that channel block may limit both control ACh and TQS-potentiated responses. Although no p-CF3 diEPP agonist activity was detected for the heteromeric nAChRs, it was a noncompetitive antagonist of these receptors. The compound displayed remarkable antihyperalgesic and antiedema effects in in vivo assays. The antinociceptive activity was dose and time dependent. The anti-inflammatory components were sensitive to the α7-selective antagonist methyllycaconitine, which supports the idea that these effects are mediated by the α7 nAChR.
Sex differences in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis’ response to stress: an important role for gonadal hormones

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a neuroendocrine network that controls hormonal responses to internal and external challenges in an organism's environment, exhibits strikingly sex-biased activity. In adult female rodents, acute HPA function following a stressor is markedly greater than it is in males, and this difference has largely been attributed to modulation by the gonadal hormones testosterone and estradiol. These gonadal hormones are produced by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and have been shown to determine sex differences in adult HPA function after acute stress via their activational and organizational effects. Although these actions of gonadal hormones are well supported, the possibility that sex chromosomes similarly influence HPA activity is unexplored. Moreover, questions remain regarding sex differences in the activity of the HPA axis following chronic stress and the underlying contributions of gonadal hormones and sex chromosomes. The present review examines what is currently known about sex differences in the neuroendocrine response to stress, as well as outstanding questions regarding this sex bias. Although it primarily focuses on the rodent literature, a brief discussion of sex differences in the human HPA axis is also included.
Diagnostic yield of non-invasive imaging in patients following non-traumatic out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest: A systematic review.

Abstract Aim To review data for non-invasive imaging in the diagnosis of non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Data sources We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and clinicaltrials.gov databases from inception to January 2017 for studies utilizing non-invasive imaging to identify potential causes of OHCA [computed tomography (CT), ultrasound including echocardiography, and magnetic resonance (MRI)]. Study selection Inclusion criteria were the following: (1) randomized control trials, cohort studies or observational studies; (2) contained a population ≥18 years old with non-traumatic OHCA who underwent diagnostic imaging with CT, MRI, echocardiography, or abdominal ultrasound; (3) imaging was obtained for diagnostic purposes; (4) patients were alive or were undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation at the time of imaging; (5) contained potential causes of OHCA. Endpoints studied were the number of potential OHCA causes identified, diagnostic accuracy measures (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values), and diagnostic utility (number of imaging findings with reported changes in clinical management). Results Of the total 5722 studies identified, 17 (0.3%) met inclusion criteria. The majority of studies assessed the utility of CT in OHCA (n = 10), and potential causes of OHCA were found in 8–54% of patients following head, abdominal and/or chest CT. Only 1/17 (6%) studies reported diagnostic accuracy measures, and 9/17 (53%) studies included a time to imaging criteria within 24 h. Conclusion Although non-invasive imaging is commonly performed in patients after OHCA, its diagnostic utility remains poorly characterized. Prospective studies are needed for appropriate imaging selection and their potential impact on treatment and outcome.
META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS COMPARING MECHANICALLY EXPANDABLE VERSUS SELF EXPANDABLE VALVES FOR PATIENTS UNDERGOING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION

Mechanically expandable (MEV) and self expandable (SEV) valves are the two major types utilized for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI). There are two previous meta-analysis published but only one Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) was included in both analysis. Previous registry and
Chinese Education and American Education: A Presentation in China and the Response.

An American early childhood educator traveled to Guang Zhou, China to present at a conference on U.S. educational goals and accomplishments from 1980–1990. The presentation began with a look at findings from the reportA Nation At Risk. Follow-up reports then called for more computer use, more remedial help for college-bound students, and some improvement in test scores. New contributions made by the Kentucky Education Reform Act (KERA) to provide early childhood programs for high risk 3–5 year-old children were emphasized. The presentation concluded with pictures of outstanding early childhood programs in Kentucky and other states. Following the presentation, Chinese educators asked questions that revealed a desire to support development in all domains, not just cognition, and for a more centralized early childhood system. Inclusion was another area of interest. The sharing of information revealed a need for more communication between early childhood educators in China and the United States, as both appear to have strengths from which to draw.
Alloplastic Contouring of the Orbital, Maxillary, and Zygomatic Regions

Alloplastic augmentation of the midface and periorbital region remains the most suitable form of correction of skeletal defects. The solid, pliable, biocompatible nature of modern alloplastic synthetic implants offers a superior tool in the correction of facial deformities originating from skeletal bony insufficiency. Within the realm of the midface and periorbit, facial deformities are typically encountered stemming from maxillary hypoplasia. Malar augmentation, tear trough correction, and submalar and temporal fossa augmentation are all potential applications of alloplastic implants in facial contouring. In this chapter, we review the pertinent facial anatomy, modern implant material types, and the applications of alloplastic implants in the treatment of common midfacial deformities.
Numerical investigation of stress states in buckled laminated composite plates under dynamic loading

Abstract The composite structures of super-/hyper-sonic vehicles can experience thermal or mechanical buckling due to aero-thermal-structural coupling. These buckled structures are susceptible to dynamic snap-through, which could possibly accelerate damage progression. This paper is part of a long-term project investigating structural dynamics and damage progression for composite structures under these extreme environments. The work herein focuses on analyzing the stress histories of thin laminated composite plates under various combinations of structural and forcing conditions including buckling and snap-through. A geometrically nonlinear model is developed in-house using MATLAB by incorporating the first-order shear deformation theory, von Karman strains, and enhanced assumed strain elements. The global dynamic behaviors of this model in the post-buckled regime are first validated using experimental and numerical data. The impacts of buckling and snap-through on the internal stress states are then investigated. The results reveal that composite structures can experience significant stress amplification under such extreme environments. The potential impact of this phenomenon on fatigue is also discussed.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Pavement Preventive-Maintenance Treatments in Mitigating Longitudinal Cracks in Wet-Freeze Climatic Zones

AbstractPreventive-maintenance treatments are increasingly being adopted in pavement preservation during recent years. For such treatments to be effective, their selection must be based on the righ...
Wages, local amenities and the rise of the multi-skilled city

This paper examines a set of necessary and sufficient conditions under which equilibrium involves mixing multiple types of workers in cities. Multi-skilled cities emerge if workers gain more from labor complementarities than they lose if they cannot consume their most preferred local amenities. A review of the different approaches to the presence of equilibrium in local public good economies is also provided.
Culture and Palliative Care

The goal of palliative care is healing. To heal means to allow a patient to come to terms with the meaning of pain and suffering. Though pain and suffering go together in most cases, it is important to realize that there may be pain without suffering (the pain to reach the top of a mountain with an arduous ascension) and suffering without pain (the suffering from grief or depression). Deliverance of palliative case requires making sure that the patient understands the language of the practitioner, the establishment of treatment goals, and the proper demeanor (non-verbal communication is at least as important as the verbal one) and mostly that the patient feels understood, free to set limits to the communication, and heard without being judged.
“Maxed Out on Efficiency”: Logger Perceptions of Financial Challenges Facing Timber Operations

Loggers play critical roles in forest management and resource production, yet supply chain pressures can challenge their economic sustainability. We examine logger perspectives on efficiency, finan...
Book review: Ronak Kapadia, Insurgent Aesthetics: Security and the Queer Life of the Forever War:

Ronak Kapadia, Insurgent Aesthetics: Security and the Queer Life of the Forever War. Duke University Press, 2019, 352 pp., $28.95. ISBN: 9781478004011.