cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Panhypopituitarism and anemia secondary to traumatic fracture of the sella turcica

A case of a 27 year old man who developed anemia after fracture of the sella turcica is reported. The diagnosis of anterior pituitary insufficiency was made by a combined provocative test with TRH, LHRH, and insulin. The anemia was characterized by a hypocellular bone marrow which appeared to be functioning only in the thoracic-lumbar vertebrae, an absence of measurable erythropoietic activity, and by the return to normal of the hematological findings after hormonal replacement therapy. This patient had the highly unusual combination of proven panhypopituitarism and significant anemia resulting from a distinct fracture of the sella turcica.
Defining thermal design power based on real-world usage models

The power dissipated by electronic components has been steadily increasing, but financial and form factor restrictions exist on the cooling solution and the pressure is on to improve the power dissipation capability. The main parameter used for designing a component's cooling system is known as Thermal Design Power (TDP). This parameter is used as a steady state power target that the cooling solution must be able to cool. This is not the maximum instantaneous power that can be dissipated by the component, but is the 'average' power that needs to be cooled while running a typical real-world stress application. The difference arises because of the transient nature of real-world applications and the thermal capacitance of the system. The current paper describes a physics based approach to average the instantaneous power dissipated by real-world applications into a meaningful thermal equivalent. An empirical thermal transient model of the component package and cooling solution was built to convert power traces into temperature responses. The predicted temperature responses were then analyzed to come up with a derating factor of up to 25% applied to the maximum instantaneous power. This methodology allows the component TDP to be defined based on real-world usage scenarios, leading to more realistic thermal design targets helping to reduce cost and prevent over-design.
"Una mujer trabaja doble aqui": Vignette-based focus groups on stress and work for Latina blue-collar women in eastern North Carolina.

Latina women are a growing percentage of the working population, and very little is known about their health needs and interests. The purpose of this article is to share qualitative research results gathered from Latina women with a particular focus on exploring stress and health. This project was a substudy of Health Works in the Community, a 5-year CDC-funded multiple risk-factor reduction trial using participatory action research approaches to address smoking, healthy eating, stress, and physical activity among blue-collar women from 12 manufacturing work sites in rural, eastern North Carolina. Five focus groups were conducted with trained, bilingual facilitators using a vignettebased moderator guide that appeared particularly effective with this population. Results from the focus groups are used to make recommendations for future research with Latinas and for developing effective work-site-based interventions to address issues of stress and health within this population.
What Can We Learn From Seventh Graders

In education, consider three comanity subjects that aren't counted but should be: language use, mental models, and the DIKW hierarchy. Then factor in how a seventh grader tackles a simple word problem. In learning, there are content and processes. Consider three comanity processes: language use, mental models, and the DIKW hierarchy. Then factor in how a seventh grader tackles a simple word problem.
Experimental prostatitis in nonhuman primates. I, Bacterial adherence in the urethra

Both man and monkey possess urothelial (transitional cell) receptors for P-fimbriae of Escherichia coli; however, the male urethra has pseudostratified columnar cells. We studied adherence using scanning electron microscopy and found that P-fimbriae were the principal mediators of adherence to these cells as well. The monkey, therefore, should be a good model for the study of the ascending route of infection in prostatitis, the route thought to occur in man.
Particle simulations of electrostatic emissions near the lower hybrid frequency

The linear instability and nonlinear saturation of electrostatic emission near the lower hybrid frequency is examined for model cold and warm ion ring distributions and auroral zone parameters. In the cold ring case, a single coherent mode near omega (LH) evolves, and saturates by ion trapping. In the warm ring case, a discrete spectrum of unstable modes separated by the ion gyrofrequency is generated near and above omega (LH). The latter instability saturates by quasilinear diffusion.
Comparison of Propofol-Remifentanil Versus Propofol-Ketamine Deep Sedation for Third Molar Surgery

This study aimed to compare continuous intravenous infusion combinations of propofol-remifentanil and propofol-ketamine for deep sedation for surgical extraction of all 4 third molars. In a prospective, randomized, double-blinded controlled study, participants received 1 of 2 sedative combinations for deep sedation for the surgery. Both groups initially received midazolam 0.03 mg/kg for baseline sedation. The control group then received a combination of propofol-remifentanil in a ratio of 10 mg propofol to 5 μg of remifentanil per milliliter, and the experimental group received a combination of propofol-ketamine in a ratio of 10 mg of propofol to 2.5 mg of ketamine per milliliter; both were given at an initial propofol infusion rate of 100 μg/kg/min. Each group received an induction loading bolus of 500 μg/kg of the assigned propofol combination along with the appropriate continuous infusion combination . Measured outcomes included emergence and recovery times, various sedation parameters, hemodynamic and respiratory stability, patient and surgeon satisfaction, postoperative course, and associated drug costs. Thirty-seven participants were enrolled in the study. Both groups demonstrated similar sedation parameters and hemodynamic and respiratory stability; however, the ketamine group had prolonged emergence (13.6 ± 6.6 versus 7.1 ± 3.7 minutes, P = .0009) and recovery (42.9 ± 18.7 versus 24.7 ± 7.6 minutes, P = .0004) times. The prolonged recovery profile of continuously infused propofol-ketamine may limit its effectiveness as an alternative to propofol-remifentanil for deep sedation for third molar extraction and perhaps other short oral surgical procedures, especially in the ambulatory dental setting.
The exopterygote insect community of a mountain stream in North Carolina, USA: Life histories, production, and functional structure

Life histories and production of the Exopterygota inhabiting a first to second order mountain stream in North Carolina, USA, were studied by replicated monthly sampling of three different habitats (BO = boulder‐outcrop, R = riffle, PL = pool). Life histories were diverse, ranging from multi‐voltine (e.g. Baetis) to semi‐voltine (e.g. Leuctra ferruginea, Sweltsa lateralis). Habitat‐weighted annual production was 1862 mg (ash‐free dry weight)/m2 with > 50% being based on four taxa (of 21 considered): Serratella sp. (16%), Peltoperlidae (16%), Leuctra spp. (13%), and Beloneuria spp. (8%). The Odonata, Ephemeroptera, and Plecoptera contributed 36, 760, and 1066 mg/m2 to annual production, respectively. Production was distributed evenly among four functional groups with collector‐gatherers, shredders, scrapers, and engulfing‐predators contributing 21%, 33%, 23%, and 23%, respectively. Production by functional groups followed broad taxonomic categories with the Ephemeroptera, euholognathous Plecoptera, and syst...
Nutrient proportions in foliage of semi-mature loblolly pine

Nitrogen and phosphorus limitations to growth are common in many loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stands. Interactions of these nutrients may complicate interpretation of foliar nutrient analysis for predicting response to forest fertilization. Proportions of foliar nutrient concentrations (and the changes in these proportions following fertilization) were examined in 36 semi-mature loblolly pine plantations in the southeastern United States. Mean proportions of nutrient concentrations (N∶P∶K∶Ca∶Mg) for non-fertilized stands were 100∶9.3∶36.5∶17.2∶9.2. Potassium and phosphorus were higher. Nitrogen fertilization generally decreased the P∶N ratio and enhanced growth, indicating a nitrogen deficiency in most stands under study. Additions of nitrogen and phosphorus together yielded a significant increase in the P∶N ratio. Effects of fertilization effects on other nutrient concentration ratios were also examined.
Evaluation of auditory evoked potentials in white New Zealand rabbits with simulated subdural hematoma and increased intracranial pressure

Development of a noninvasive intensive care system calls for the use of evoked potentials (EPs), as a means of diagnosing traumatic head-injured patients. The experiment entails surgically placing two subarachnoid bolts and a subdural balloon through the skull to simulate a subdural hematoma. Using various levels of ICP and/or different sizes of balloons, auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) were recorded from a rabbit. Six positive peak latencies (P1-P6) and five negative peak latencies (Nl-N5) were extracted from an averaged AEP waveform. Multiple regression analyses were performed for determining a relationship between the ICP and AEP peak latencies. The results indicate that a major correlation of changes on AEP peak latencies is due to mechanical forces of a mass (inflated balloon simulating a hematoma) in the distortion of the brain matter rather than increased ICP.
Beispiele von Pseudo-Differentialoperator-Algebrenfl

Discussion of methods in theory of Partial Differential Operators (and Pseudo-Differential Operators) which are based on Gel'fand theory of commutative Banach Algebras. These methods all are discussed for the (non-compact) manifold Rn, for Lp/-SobolefF spaces Wp,k (including k = ∞) and for operators of "Laplace-type", which, crudely, amounts to "elliptic type". Generalizations to general non-compact manifolds and to hypo-elliptic operators have been worked out in detail in [6], for example. Two types of symbol are introduced for a (Pseudo)-differential operator: the Laplace-symbol-quotient s (of order s) and the symbol σ. Among the results we have (a) necessary and sufficient criteria for the existence of an W:p,-Fredholm inverse, (b) essential self-adjointness and (c) characterization of the essential spectrum of elliptic (Pseudo-) Differential operators.
Sepsis During Pregnancy

The incidence of maternal mortality related to sepsis has decreased during the past 2 decades because of the availability of broad spectrum antibiotics and advances in critical care. However, sepsis continues to account for approximately 7.6% of maternal deaths in the United States. This article focuses on intraamniotic infection as a source of maternal sepsis. Common causative pathogens, typical sources of sepsis, and related pathophysiology are reviewed. Nursing and medical management strategies are included. A case study is presented to illustrate the typical clinical course from infection, to bacteremia, sepsis, and septic shock.
Anxiety and arousal: A study of two-flash fusion and skin conductance

The relationship of clinical anxiety level to two indicants of arousal was evaluated in 40 drug-free patients. A range-corrected index of skin conductance and the threshold for two-flash fusion were used; both measures showed significant correlations with anxiety level.
Atrial natriuretic factor-SV40 T antigen transgenes produce tumors and cardiac arrhythmias in mice

Transgenic mice that carry fusions between the transcriptional regulatory sequences of atrial natriuretic factor (a hormone intimately involved in the regulation of blood pressure) and those encoding SV40 T antigen (an oncoprotein) were generated. Although both atria express the fusion gene, the pathological response to T antigen is asymmetrical. The right atrium undergoes a several hundredfold increase in mass while the left atrium remains relatively normal in size. Hyperplasia is accompanied by a progressive increase in both the frequency and severity of abnormalities in the atrial conduction system, which ultimately result in death.
Should Stroke Be Considered Both a Brain Attack and a Heart Attack

See related article, pages 1752–1758. The concept of coronary risk equivalents has gained increased acceptance in recent years. In the 2001 National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines, diabetes mellitus, peripheral arterial disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and “symptomatic carotid artery disease” were cited as coronary risk equivalents.1 These conditions carry a 10-year risk of coronary heart disease events of >20%. In 2004, the tent containing coronary risk equivalent conditions was expanded by the NCEP committee to symptomatic carotid disease or “>50% obstruction of a carotid artery.”2 In addition, whereas in 2001, the low-density lipoprotein target for coronary risk equivalents was <100 mg/dL, in 2004, an optional target of <70 mg/dL was established for high-risk patients. In this …
Capsaicin represses transcriptional activity of β-catenin in human colorectal cancer cells

Capsaicin is a pungent ingredient in chili red peppers and has been linked to suppression of growth in various cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanism(s) by which capsaicin induces growth arrest and apoptosis of cancer cells is not completely understood. In the present study, we investigated whether capsaicin alters β-catenin-dependent signaling in human colorectal cancer cells in vitro. Exposure of SW480, LoVo and HCT-116 cells to capsaicin suppressed cell proliferation. Transient transfection with a β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF)-responsive reporter indicated that capsaicin suppressed the transcriptional activity of β-catenin/TCF. Capsaicin treatment resulted in a decrease of intracellular β-catenin levels and a reduction of transcripts from the β-catenin gene (CTNNB1). These results were confirmed by a reduced luciferase reporter activity driven by promoter–reporter construct containing the promoter region of the Catnb gene. In addition, capsaicin destabilized β-catenin through enhancement of proteosomal-dependent degradation. Western blot and immunoprecipitation studies indicated that capsaicin treatment suppressed TCF-4 expression and disrupted the interaction of TCF-4 and β-catenin. This study identifies a role for the β-catenin/TCF-dependent pathway that potentially contributes to the anticancer activity of capsaicin in human colorectal cancer cells.
Genetic Determinants and Epistasis for Life History Trait Differences in the Common Monkeyflower, Mimulus guttatus

Understanding the genetic basis of complex quantitative traits is a central problem in evolutionary biology, particularly for traits that may lead to adaptations in natural populations. The annual and perennial ecotypes of Mimulus guttatus provide an excellent experimental system for characterizing the genetic components of population divergence. The 2 life history ecotypes coexist throughout the geographic range. Focusing on population differences in life history traits, I examined the strength and direction of pairwise epistatic interactions between 2 target chromosomal regions (DIV1 and DIV2) when singly and cointrogressed into the alternate population’s genetic background. I measured a suite of flowering and vegetative traits related to life history divergence in 804 plants from 18 reciprocal near-isogenic lines. I detected pleiotropic main effects for the DIV1 QTL in both genetic backgrounds and weaker main effects of the DIV2 QTL, primarily in the perennial background. Many of the traits showed epistatic interactions between alleles at the DIV1 and DIV2 QTL. Finally, for many traits, the magnitude of effect size was greater in the perennial background. I evaluate these results in the context of their potential role in population divergence in M. guttatus and adaptive evolution in natural populations.
Involvement of Sphingosine in Mitochondria-dependent Fas-induced Apoptosis of Type II Jurkat T Cells

Exposure to anti-Fas antibody in Jurkat cells (type II cells), which are characterized by a weak caspase-8 activation at the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), induced a biphasic increase in ceramide levels. The early generation of ceramide preceded transient activation of acidic ceramidase and subsequent production of sphingosine, followed by cytochrome c release, activation of caspases-2, -3, -6, -7, -8, and -9, Bid cleavage, and a later sustained ceramide accumulation. The caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone inhibited early increases of ceramide and sphingosine, whereas overexpression of Bcl-xL had no effect, and both prevented the later sustained ceramide accumulation. Exogenous sphingosine, as well as cell-permeable C2-ceramide, induced cytochromec release from mitochondria in a caspase-independent fashion leading to activation of caspase-9 and executioner caspases and, surprisingly, activation of the initiator caspase-8 and processing of its substrate Bid. These effects were also completely abolished by Bcl-xL overexpression. Our results suggest that sphingosine might also be involved in the mitochondria-mediated pathway of Fas-induced cell death in type II cells.
Step-Heating Technique for Thermal Diffusivity Measurements of Large-Grained Heterogeneous Materials

The laser-flash technique for thermal diffusivity determinations was modified to handle thicker samples (up to 1.3 cm). The modification consisted of substituting an ir source for the laser and using step heating. Thus measurements can be made on representative samples of large-grained heterogeneous materials. Experimental measurements were made on a carbon magnesite brick, and the concept was verified using finite-element models.
Absolute Helicity Induction in Three-Dimensional Homochiral Frameworks

Three Co(II) isomers assembled from D-, or L-, or DL-camphorate together with achiral isonicotinate exhibit a clear relationship between chirality and helicity even though chiral molecules are not in the backbone of the helix: the absolute sense of helix made of achiral components is controlled by chains of metal and enantiopure chiral ligands running perpendicular to helix in two enantiomeric forms.
Electric-field fluctuations in random dielectric composites

When a composite is subjected to a constant applied electric, thermal, or stress field, the associated local fields exhibit strong spatial fluctuations. In this paper, we evaluate the distribution of the local electric field (i.e., all moments of the field) for continuum (off-lattice) models of random dielectric composites. The local electric field in the composite is calculated by solving the governing partial differential equations using efficient and accurate integral equation techniques. We consider three different two-dimensional dispersions in which the inclusions are either (i) circular disks, (ii) squares, or (iii) needles. Our results show that in general the probability density function associated with the electric field for disks and squares exhibits a double-peak character. Therefore, the variance or second moment of the field is inadequate in characterizing the field fluctuations in the composite. Moreover, our results suggest that the variances for each phase are generally not equal to each other. In the case of a dilute concentration of needles, the probability density function is a singly peaked one, but the higher-order moments are appreciably larger for needles than for either disks or squares.
Separability test for the electricity supply industry

This paper examines the vertical integration issue of the electricity industry. This industry is typically vertically integrated and heavily regulated. The paper investigates the potential technological efficiency loss due to the vertical disintegration using the translog production function. Three separability hypotheses using the Allen-Uzawa elasticity of substitution are tested to examine the feasibility of various degrees of disintegration of the current industry structure. All three separability hypotheses are rejected, and the cost of disintegration is estimated. Further, estimates indicate that the electricity industry appears to have exhausted economies of scale. Unlike other deregulated industries, disintegration of the electricity industry will entail technological efficiency loss.
Increased Numbers of Preexisting Memory CD8 T Cells and Decreased T-bet Expression Can Restrain Terminal Differentiation of Secondary Effector and Memory CD8 T Cells

Memory CD8 T cells acquire effector memory cell properties after reinfection and may reach terminally differentiated, senescent states ("Hayflick limit") after multiple infections. The signals controlling this process are not well understood, but we found that the degree of secondary effector and memory CD8 T cell differentiation was intimately linked to the amount of T-bet expressed upon reactivation and preexisting memory CD8 T cell number (i.e., primary memory CD8 T cell precursor frequency) present during secondary infection. Compared with naive cells, memory CD8 T cells were predisposed toward terminal effector (TE) cell differentiation because they could immediately respond to IL-12 and induce T-bet, even in the absence of Ag. TE cell formation after secondary (2°) or tertiary infections was dependent on increased T-bet expression because T-bet(+/-) cells were resistant to these phenotypic changes. Larger numbers of preexisting memory CD8 T cells limited the duration of 2° infection and the amount of IL-12 produced, and consequently, this reduced T-bet expression and the proportion of 2° TE CD8 T cells that formed. Together, these data show that over repeated infections, memory CD8 T cell quality and proliferative fitness is not strictly determined by the number of serial encounters with Ag or cell divisions, but is a function of the CD8 T cell differentiation state, which is genetically controlled in a T-bet-dependent manner. This differentiation state can be modulated by preexisting memory CD8 T cell number and the intensity of inflammation during reinfection. These results have important implications for vaccinations involving prime-boost strategies.
Combining global and local forces: The case of labor rights in Cambodia

Summary An innovative policy experiment in Cambodia links improvement of workers’ rights with increased orders and market access for the products of the country’s garment factories. The policy originated with the US–Cambodia Textile Agreement, which awarded Cambodia higher garment export quotas into the US market in return for improved working conditions and labor regulations. It has continued even after the expiration of the global garment quota system at the end of 2004. The agreement’s effectiveness has depended on the International Labor Organization, acting as a compliance monitor and government intervention, preventing some apparel producers from free riding on others’ improvements.
EphA2-receptor deficiency exacerbates myocardial infarction and reduces survival in hyperglycemic mice

We have previously shown that EphrinA1/EphA expression profile changes in response to myocardial infarction (MI), exogenous EphrinA1-Fc administration following MI positively influences wound healing, and that deletion of the EphA2 Receptor (EphA2-R) exacerbates injury and remodeling. To determine whether or not ephrinA1-Fc would be of therapeutic value in the hyperglycemic infarcted heart, it is critical to evaluate how ephrinA1/EphA signaling changes in the hyperglycemic myocardium in response to MI. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia in wild type (WT) and EphA2-receptor mutant (EphA2-R-M) mice was initiated by an intraperitoneal injection of STZ (150 mg/kg) 10 days before surgery. MI was induced by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery and analyses were performed at 4 days post-MI. ANOVAs with Student-Newman Keuls multiple comparison post-hoc analysis illustrated which groups were significantly different, with significance of at least p < 0.05. Both WT and EphA2-R-M mice responded adversely to STZ, but only hyperglycemic EphA2-R-M mice had lower ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS). At 4 days post-MI, we observed greater post-MI mortality in EphA2-R-M mice compared with WT and this was greater still in the EphA2-R-M hyperglycemic mice. Although infarct size was greater in hyperglycemic WT mice vs normoglycemic mice, there was no difference between hyperglycemic EphA2-R-M mice and normoglycemic EphA2-R-M mice. The hypertrophic response that normally occurs in viable myocardium remote to the infarct was noticeably absent in epicardial cardiomyocytes and cardiac dysfunction worsened in hyperglycemic EphA2-R-M hearts post-MI. The characteristic interstitial fibrotic response in the compensating myocardium remote to the infarct also did not occur in hyperglycemic EphA2-R-M mouse hearts to the same extent as that observed in the hyperglycemic WT mouse hearts. Differences in neutrophil and pan-leukocyte infiltration and serum cytokines implicate EphA2-R in modulation of injury and the differences in ephrinA1 and EphA6-R expression in governing this are discussed. We conclude that EphA2-mutant mice are more prone to hyperglycemia-induced increased injury, decreased survival, and worsened LV remodeling due to impaired wound healing.
On Knowing What We Do Not Know: An Empirical Comparison of Methods to Detect Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis.

The performance of methods for detecting publication bias in meta-analysis was evaluated using Monte Carlo methods. Four methods of bias detection were investigated: Begg’s rank correlation, Egger’s regression, funnel plot regression, and trim and fill. Five factors were included in the simulation design: number of primary studies in each meta-analysis, sample sizes of primary studies, population variances in primary studies, magnitude of population effect size, and magnitude of selection bias. Results were evaluated in terms of Type I error control and statistical power. Results suggest poor Type I error control in many conditions for all of the methods examined. One exception was the Begg’s rank correlation method using sample size rather than the estimated variance. Statistical power was typically very low for conditions in which Type I error rates were adequately controlled, although power increased with larger sample sizes in the primary studies and larger numbers of studies in the meta-analysis.
Electric tripole antenna for circular polarization

The feasibility of using the tripole antenna for circular polarization was experimentally investigated. Measured impedance and radiation patterns were in agreement with the predictions from the infinitesimal tripole model. For simultaneous operation in both senses of circular polarization the tripole antenna must be fed by a special separator network, preferably of the nonreciprocal type.
Fertility options for female cancer patients: facts and fiction

Abstract Objective: To review the latest progress in the prevention of ovarian failure induced by chemo/radiotherapy, as well as the latest advances in culture technology and transplantation of frozen-thawed ovarian tissue. Design: The English-language literature was searched with PubMed and related references. Conclusion(s): The development of combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy has improved the long-term survival of young cancer patients who are then frequently faced with iatrogenic ovarian failure and its consequences. The use of prior and concomitant GnRH analogs with chemotherapy offers encouraging results in animal studies with regard to prevention of ovarian failure. Adequately controlled research projects are needed to define the utility of GnRHa cotreatment in women cancer patients exposed to prolonged chemotherapy. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is the optimal procedure for follicle banking. Theoretic options include returning the banked tissue back to the original pedicle so that pregnancy could be achieved naturally. Alternatively, the tissue can be grafted to a heterotopic site, either as an autograft (i.e., rectus abdominis muscle sheath) or as a xenograft (i.e., immunodeficient mice). Follicles could also be grown in vitro. Until reliable ovarian culture technology becomes available, autologous transplantation offers the best prospect of using frozen-thawed ovarian tissue. A primary concern, however, is the issue of microscopic metastatic disease to the ovary and the possibility of tumor reimplantation. Areas of research should focus on optimizing the freeze/thaw procedure for ovarian tissue, minimizing the ischemia-reperfusion injury after transplantation, and detecting minimal residual disease in ovarian tissue grafts.
Effects of Sublethal Concentrations of Portland Cement Powder in Solution on Nitrogenous Waste Products of the African Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell, 1822))

The effect of sublethal concentrations (39.10, 19.55, 9.78 mg/L) of Portland cement powder in solution (PCPS) was investigated on nitrogenous waste products in the serum, liver and kidney of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)). The levels of urea, uric acid, creatinine and direct bilirubin in the serum, liver and kidney were significantly different in the exposed fish after a 15-day exposure period. The level of urea increased in serum (p < 0.05), kidney (p < 0.05) and liver (p < 0.01); uric acid decreased in serum and kidney (p < 0.05), but increased in liver (p < 0.05). Creatinine decreased in serum (p < 0.05), liver and kidney (p < 0.01); direct bilirubin increased in serum (p < 0.05), but decreased in liver and kidney (p < 0.05). Thus, this investigation has revealed that sublethal concentrations of PCPS have a deleterious effect on the basic function of the serum, liver and kidney of Clarias gariepinus.
Spontaneous neoplasms in aging Gerbillinae. A summary of forty-four neoplasms.

Forty-four neoplasms were found at necropsy in 115 gerbils from a colony of wild-caught, and first- or second-generation laboratory-raised gerbils. Ten species of gerbils varying from 24 to 61 months of age were affected. The neoplasms occurred in 18 primary locations and included nine neoplasms previously unreported in gerbils. Unusual neoplasms included several squamous cell carcinomas of middle ear, squamous cell carcinoma of ventral marking gland, and Hodgkin's-like lymphoma. Neoplasms were a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in these aging animals.
Some efficient random imputation methods

Imputation methods that assign a selection of respondents’ values for missing i tern nonresponses give rise to an addd,tional source of sampling variation, which we term imputation varLance , We examine the effect of imputation variance on the precision of the mean, and propose four procedures for sampling the rEespondents that reduce this additional variance. Two of the procedures employ improved sample designs through selection of respc,ndents by sampling without replacement and by stratified sampl;lng. The other two increase the sample base by the use of multiple imputations.
Variability in personality expression across contexts: a social network approach.

The current research investigated how the contextual expression of personality differs across interpersonal relationships. Two related studies were conducted with college samples (Study 1: N = 52, 38 female; Study 2: N = 111, 72 female). Participants in each study completed a five-factor measure of personality and constructed a social network detailing their 30 most important relationships. Participants used a brief Five-Factor Model scale to rate their personality as they experience it when with each person in their social network. Multiple informants selected from each social network then rated the target participant's personality (Study 1: N = 227, Study 2: N = 777). Contextual personality ratings demonstrated incremental validity beyond standard global self-report in predicting specific informants' perceptions. Variability in these contextualized personality ratings was predicted by the position of the other individuals within the social network. Across both studies, participants reported being more extraverted and neurotic, and less conscientious, with more central members of their social networks. Dyadic social network-based assessments of personality provide incremental validity in understanding personality, revealing dynamic patterns of personality variability unobservable with standard assessment techniques.
SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIATION IN LEAFMINER POPULATION STRUCTURE AND ADAPTATION TO INDIVIDUAL OAK TREES

Stilbosis quadricustatella leafminers are microlepidopteran specialists of sand-live oak (Quercus geminata). These tiny moths produce one generation per year and have a parasitic life-cycle and long larval stage that develops entirely within a single oak leaf. Differences in host-plant age, phenotype, and phenology generate a coarse-grained, spatially heterogeneous environment for the leafminer population. Previous reciprocal trans- fers of leafminer eggs among mature oaks revealed that S. quadricustatella are locally adapted to individual oak trees. In this paper we use genetic markers and an extinction- recolonization experiment to explore further variation in leafminer population structure. Allozyme loci indicate significant interdemic genetic structure among recent colonists of new host trees, which weakens in the 10th generation and disappears by the 40th generation. In contrast, adaptive demic structure is evident by the 10th generation and is strong in the 40th generation, despite the potential for substantial intertree dispersal. We propose that host heterogeneity combined with leafminer fidelity to natal trees promotes divergent se- lection and rapid demic evolution on individual oaks, despite potentially high gene flow between the leafminers inhabiting them.
The generalized plane strain deformations of thick anisotropic composite laminated plates

We use the Eshelby‐Stroh formalism to analyze the generalized plane strain quasistatic deformations of an anisotropic, linear elastic laminated plate. The laminate consists of homogeneous laminae of arbitrary thicknesses. Computed results are presented for three sample problems to illustrate the eAect of boundary conditions and of the span to height ratio. # 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Coronary artery dilation among patients presenting with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Objective. To evaluate coronary artery diameters among patients presenting with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA). Methods. Fifty cases of SoJIA were reviewed. At the time of initial presentation with fever, 12 patients had echocardiograms that included a complete evaluation of the coronary arteries. A single reviewer measured the diameters of the left main, proximal left anterior descending, and proximal right coronary arteries. Body surface area-adjusted z scores were calculated with respect to a normative population. Results. Coronary artery dilation ( z score: >2) was observed for 5 of the 12 patients with SoJIA who had echocardiograms performed at the time of presentation with fever. No patient developed a coronary artery aneurysm, and all of the coronary artery z scores normalized within 4 months. Only 2 of the 5 patients with coronary artery z scores of >2 fulfilled the clinical criteria for Kawasaki disease, the most commonly recognized cause of coronary artery dilation among children. Conclusions. Children presenting with SoJIA may have coronary artery dilation similar to that observed for children with Kawasaki disease. These data suggest that the presence of coronary artery dilation on initial echocardiograms for patients with fever does not exclude the diagnosis of SoJIA.
Stokes vector analysis of lunar radar backscatter

Stokes vector analysis of recent high-resolution observations of the lunar surface from the Arecibo Observatory have yielded estimates of the circularly and linearly polarized components of the backscatter signal. The linearly polarized component appears to be generated from the difference in the surface transmission coefficients associated with sub-surface scattering. The orientation of this component is correlated with the local plane of incidence and so provides a new method of estimating surface topography in the cross-range direction. >
Metal nanostructure growth on molecular buffer layers of CO2

Buffer-layer-assisted growth (BLAG) occurs when a multilayer of condensed gas acts as the surface on which impinging atoms form clusters that subsequently diffuse and coalesce during buffer desorption. We investigated Au, Cu, and Ni nanostructure formation using buffer layers of solid CO2 and compared the results to what has been found for solid Xe buffers. The cluster densities could be controlled from � 10 8 to 10 12 cm � 2 by taking advantage of the power law dependence of density on the buffer layer thickness. For Au and Cu, the crossover from compact to ramified structures could be followed. For Ni, even small particles were ramified. The effective activation energies for diffusion of large ramified clusters on CO2 were determined to be 0.91, 1.02, and 0.93 eV for Au, Cu, and Ni, respectively. These are significantly higher than those observed on Xe, and they reflect the higher polarizability of CO2. The diffusion prefactors increased exponentially with the increase in diffusion barrier, demonstrating a Meyer–Neldel compensation effect. The characteristic energy of this process, 9 meV, was higher than for Xe due to the more energetic phonons of CO2. It is comparable to the energies of buffer phonons active during buffer desorption, revealing that cluster motion on CO2 is a many-body process fueled by coincidence of activated buffer phonons. � 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Cyclolinear polycarbosilanes – a recent addition to the class of organosilicon polymers

This article focuses on a relatively new group of organosilicon polymers known as cyclolinear polycarbosilanes (CLPCS). This group of polymers contains 1,3-disilacyclobutane (DSCB) rings, i.e., cyclo-{RSi(CH(2))(2)SiR}-, bridged by various linking groups, so as to form linear chains with regularly spaced, strained, rings that function as latent sites for cross-linking. This ring-chain, or "beads-on-a-string", type polymer has the general formula, [-{RSi(CH(2))(2)SiR}-Y-](n), where R and Y can be a variety of different groups, such as: R = -CH(3), -C(6)H(5) and -C(6)H(4)(CH(3)); Y = -(CH(2))(x)-, -C(6)H(4)-(CH[double bond, length as m-dash]CH)-C(6)H(4)-, and -C(6)H(4)-. Depending, in part, on the linking group, these CLPCS have been obtained by using two different synthesis methods, acyclic diene metathesis polymerization (ADMET) and Grignard coupling reactions. The resultant polymers exhibit a wide variation in physical properties, which depend on the nature of the silicon substituents, R, and the bridging group, Y. However, they also share some important characteristics, such as a relatively low glass transition temperature, amenability to the formation of thin films and coatings via spin-coating, and the tendency to undergo cross-linking on heating to 200-300 °C. The synthesis, characterization, and properties of these CLPCS are reviewed and their potential for application in such widely divergent areas as microelectronics processing (as low-k materials), protective, insulating coatings for Cu and other substrates, and photoluminescent films are described.
An investigation of Piscidia erythrina (Jamaica dogwood).

The chemical, pharmacological, and clinical history of Jamaica dogwood is reviewed. Preparations of all parts of Piscidia were found to exert appreciable uterine depressant action both in vitro and in vivo on laboratory animals. The root bark extracts were the most potent, and petroleum ether was found to be the most effective solvent for the depressant principle. The drug is apparently nontoxic to rats fed massive oral doses.
Health Sciences Libraries Forecasting Information Service Trends for Researchers: Models Applicable to All Academic Libraries

To better understand the value of current information services and to forecast the evolving information and data management needs of researchers, a study was conducted at two research-intensive universities. The methodology and planning framework applied by health science librarians at Emory University and The Ohio State University focused on identifying the need for new or retooled information services supporting health and biomedical researchers and their increasing use of digital resources. The lessons learned and outcomes described herein are informing the development and implementation of new information service models and can help forecast changing user needs across the broader library community.
Description of the Pulfrich Effect (P1.302)

OBJECTIVE: To review the discovery of the Pulfrich effect and the use of instruments to identify and demonstrate a novel visuoperceptual phenomenon. BACKGROUND: The Pulfrich effect, seen most commonly as a manifestation of optic neuropathies, is an illusory binocular perceptual disturbance in which an object moving across the observer’s field of vision is perceived as travelling along a curved trajectory varying in depth from the plane of the object’s true path. DESIGN/METHODS: We translated and reviewed German physicist Carl Pulfrich’s 1922 description of the phenomenon. We also analyzed the stereoscopic equipment Pulfrich developed that brought this phenomenon to attention, and the models that Pulfrich subsequently developed to demonstrate this phenomenon to audiences. RESULTS: Pulfrich developed optical instruments for the Carl Zeiss Company in Jena, Germany, and became the preeminent authority on stereoscopic instruments. In 1901, Pulfrich developed the stereo-comparator to accurately compare stereoscopic photographs. Around 1920, German astronomer Max Wolf noted that variation in object brightness interfered with precise measurements of astronomical objects using the stereo-comparator. Pulfrich’s experiments showed that the problem was due to unequally illuminated photographic plates rather than a technical problem with the equipment. Pulfrich credited his technical assistant F. Fertsch with the most widely accepted explanation for the phenomenon as resulting from differences in perceptual latency between the two eyes, and his son Hans with a theoretical analysis of the path of apparent movement. Pulfrich himself was unable to view the phenomenon because he was blind in his left eye. Pulfrich’s subsequent demonstration models used unidirection rotary motion and bidirectional harmonic motion, but neither was pendular (although in later clinical use Pulfrich’s phenomenon has been assessed with pendular motion). CONCLUSIONS: The clinically useful Pulfrich effect was discovered because of technical difficulties using a scientific apparatus, and subsequently novel devices were built to demonstrate this effect. Disclosure: Dr. Lanska has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lanska has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Medlink Neurology. Dr. Remler has nothing to disclose.
Attacks of Mountain Pine Beetle as Related to Tree Vigor of Ponderosa Pine

The relationship between tree vigor, measured as stem growth per unit of leaf area, and susceptibility to mountain pine beetle attacks was examined in a stocking-level experiment of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) in central Oregon. Vigor decreased as both tree density (basal area) and leaf area index increased. Low vigor trees were more often attacked by beetles than high vigor trees. Attacks increased below a vigor threshold of about 100 g of wood produced per square meter of leaf area per year, corresponding in this study to a basal area of 21 m 2 ha - or a leaf area index of 2.9 m 2 m -2. For management of ponderosa pine, maintaining vigor through thinning will reduce the risk of mountain pine beetle attacks. FOREST Sex. 29:395-402.
Effects of amyl nitrite on pulmonary vascular resistance in the dog.

SummaryThe left lower lobe of the lung was isolated from the remainder of the pulmonary circulation and was perfused with autologous blood at controlled flow rates. All venous effluent from the lobe was collected into a reservoir. Pulmonary artery and pulmonary venous pressures, systemic arterial pressure and in some cases reservoir level were monitored continuously. In 17 out of 18 experiments in 10 dogs, amyl nitrite inhalation was followed by a decline (av 11%) in pulmonary artery pressure in the presence of constant blood flow. Pulmonary venous pressure was unchanged. Amyl nitrite inhalation was repeated in 6 of the animals after ventricular fibrillation was induced. In this situation systemic arterial pressure remained constant and thereby eliminated; (a) a possible pulmonary reflex response emanating from a sudden change in systemic arterial pressure and (b) an alteration in bronchopulmonary blood flow. The response of the pulmonary vasculature to amyl nitrite in this situation was similar to that b...
The Iterative Use of Single Case Research Designs to Advance the Science of EI/ECSE

Research in early intervention/early childhood special education (EI/ECSE) is focused on identifying effective practices related to positive outcomes for young children with disabilities and their families. Individual responses to evidence-based practices are often variable, and non-responders are common. Single case research (SCR) might be particularly well suited to examining differences across participants given the dynamic nature of the methodology. The repeated measurement of behaviors and visual analysis of subsequent data allow researchers to continually monitor behavior and make necessary adaptations to ensure positive child outcomes. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the dynamic nature of single case research design (SCRD) and the utility of SCRD in the iterative development of adaptive evidence-based practices using three examples of SCR studies. Implications for research and practice in EI/ECSE are discussed.
Management of Potato Leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), on Alfalfa with the Aid of Systems Analysis

Efficient management of the potato leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) on alfalfa requires a procedure for dealing with the complexities of the ecological and economic system. We developed a mathematical model to represent this agroecosystem and demonstrated how systems analysis can help to make management more efficient and less risky. Our management policies were based on two criteria: annual income calculated from the nutrient yields of three harvests, and level of carbohydrate reserve in the taproots at the end of the season, We determined the dynamic economic thresholds for controlling the leafhoppers as immigrants on each of the cuttings of alfalfa. During development of the thresholds we tested a variety of control tactics, including timing of harvests, We found that, for adult immigrants on the second crop, the economic thresholds increase exponentially as stem height increases, Tactics associated with these thresholds included insecticide treatments and early cutting of the second harvest. The results indicated that temperature pattern has an important effect on the economic thresholds and risk. Evaluation of the model and its results through sensitivity analysis, validation, and a comparison with current recommendations showed that the model can be a useful tool in research and management.