cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Switched-current circuits in digital CMOS technology with low charge-injection errors

In this paper, digital CMOS switched-current (SI) circuits with low charge-injection errors are presented. These circuits are based on the operation of the switches at virtual-ground nodes to result in signal-independent charge injection. Based on this scheme, different topologies for the memory cell are discussed. To verify the theoretical concepts developed, a third-order elliptic low-pass SI filter is implemented in a 0.25-/spl mu/m digital CMOS process. The filter nominally operates with a clock frequency of 10 MHz, cutoff frequency of 1 MHz, and a power supply of 2.3 V, while consuming 29 mW of power and processing input signals as large as 600-/spl mu/A peak differential. The low-charge injection nature of the circuit is reflected in its low total harmonic distortion of -59 dB for a 0.3-MHz signal with a modulation index of 0.5.
The prevalence of abnormal metabolic parameters in obese and overweight children.

Background: This retrospective study aimed to determine the prevalence of abnormal metabolic parameters in obese children and its correlation to the degree of obesity determined by body mass index (BMI). Methods: In total, 101 children seen at the Pediatric Gastroenterology Obesity Clinic at Stony Brook Children’s University Hospital were enrolled in the study. The degree of obesity was characterized according to the following formula: (patient’s BMI/BMI at 95th percentile) × 100%, with class I obesity >100%–120%, class II obesity >120%–140%, and class III obesity >140%. A set of metabolic parameters was evaluated in these patients. Frequency distributions of all study variables were examined using the χ2 test of independence. Mean differences among the obesity classes and continuous measures were examined using 1-way analysis of variance. Results: Within our study population, we found that 80% of our obese children had a low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level, 58% had elevated fasting insul...
An aid in calculation of orifice area of stenotic mitral and aortic valves

Abstract An indirect method of estimating the area of orifice of stenotic aortic and mitral valves has been described by Gorlin and Gorlin. 1 The method is based on theoretical hydraulic considerations, and on data obtained by cardiac catheterization and brachial artery puncture, and has been modified by the application of combined right and left heart catheterization. A graphic method is presented whereby calculation of the valve areas by the Gorlin and Gorlin formulae is simplified.
Vibration-induced tilt error model for aircraft interferometer data

The Scanning High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) instrument is a cross track scanning Fourier-transform interferometer with 0.5 wavenumber resolution. It uses three detectors to cover the upwelling earth spectrum over the range from 3.3 to 17 microns. Vibration experienced during flight on aircraft platforms can cause a significant level of spectrally correlated noise in the calibrated spectra. To allow this interferometric noise to be removed by analysis, a wavefront tilt measurement system that monitors vibration induced optical tilts has been incorporated into the S-HIS instrument. This two-axis tilt measurement system records small changes in wavefront alignment during the data collection of both scene and blackbody interferograms. In general, both amplitude-modulation and sample-position errors can result from these tilts. Here we show that the modulation errors that dominate the interferometric noise in the S-HIS shortwave band can be significantly reduced by using the wavefront tilt measurements to model and remove the interferometric errors. The validation of our vibration induced tilt error model with blackbody data demonstrates a correction technique applicable to correcting all types of scene data.
Ruptured proximal lenticulostriate artery fusiform aneurysm presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage: case report.

Objective Lenticulostriate artery aneurysms are rare. When present, distal locations in and around the basal ganglia are more common and often present with intraparenchymal hemorrhage when ruptured. We present a very rare case of a ruptured proximal lenticulostriate fusiform aneurysm presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Clinical presentation We report the case of a 31-year-old healthy man who presented after the sudden onset of headache, nausea, and lethargy without neurological deficits. Cranial computed tomographic scanning demonstrated diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage, and a cranial computed tomographic angiogram demonstrated a vascular irregularity on the superior surface of the left distal M1 trunk of the middle cerebral artery. A cerebral angiogram demonstrated a left proximal lenticulostriate fusiform aneurysm without evidence of moyamoya-like vessels or vasculitis. No other pathology or infectious etiology was noted. Intervention Endovascular therapy was deemed unsafe, and microsurgical exploration and intervention was the more favorable and safe approach. A standard left pterional craniotomy was performed and the afferent lenticulostriate vessel into the fusiform aneurysm was visualized. Temporary clips were applied to the proximal and distal M1 trunk and miniclips were applied across the afferent portion and fundus of the aneurysm, thus sacrificing the parent lenticulostriate artery. A postoperative computed tomographic scan demonstrated an area of hypodensity in the left basal ganglia. The patient's postoperative right facial and upper extremity weakness improved to normal several days after aneurysmal clipping. Conclusion This is the first report of a ruptured proximal lenticulostriate artery fusiform aneurysm, which presented as subarachnoid hemorrhage in a healthy patient without an underlying vascular disease.
Intermittent reversal of complete ptosis associated with sphenoid wing meningiomas.

Abstract Case report: Ptosis secondary to dense oculomotor pareses generally improves over several months, but intermittent elevation of the eyelid has not been reported. The authors describe two patients who demonstrated intermittent involuntary monocular eyelid elevation in an eye with complete ptosis caused by partial resection of sphenoid wing meningioma. Both patients had complete ophthalmoplegia and decreased corneal sensation.The involved eye was ipsilateral to a meningioma that had been debulked 11 to 12 months previously.Although the lids were devoid of volitional movement, each patient could elevate the lid for 10 to 20 seconds by either tickling the eyelashes or rubbing the eyelids.The lids occasionally rose spontaneously and there was no clinical evidence of aberrant regeneration or cyclic spasm. Comments: Although the mechanism of action of this involuntary eyelid elevation is unknown, it is possible that some process of aberrant regeneration activated by sensory stimuli is responsible.
Comparison of mehlich 3, mehlich 1, ammonium bicarbonate‐DTPA, 1.0M ammonium acetate, and 0.2M ammonium chloride for extraction of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium for a wide range of soils

Abstract Extractants employed for routine soil analysis vary from one laboratory to another. Lack of a universal soil extractant is a serious limitation for interpretation of analytical results from various laboratories on nutritional status of a given soil. This limitation can be overcome by developing functional relationships for concentrations of a given nutrient extractable by various extradants. In this study, extractability of Ca, Mg, P, and K in a wide range of soils (0–15 cm) from citrus groves in Florida representing 21 soil series, with varying cultural operations, were compared using Mehlich 3 (M3), Mehlich 1 (M1), ammonium acetate (NH4AOc), pH = 7.0 (AA), 0.2M ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), and ammonium bicarbonate‐DTPA (AB‐DTPA) extractants. Soil pH (0.01M CaCl2) varied from 3.57 to 7.28. The concentrations of Ca or Mg extractable by M3, M1, AA, and NH4Cl were strongly correlated with soil pH (r2 = 0.381–0.482). Weak but significant correlations were also found between AB‐DTPA extractable Ca or M...
Sex-dependent gene regulatory networks of the heart rhythm

Expression level, control, and intercoordination of 66 selected heart rhythm determinant (HRD) genes were compared in atria and ventricles of four male and four female adult mice. We found that genes encoding various adrenergic receptors, ankyrins, ion channels and transporters, connexins, cadherins, plakophilins, and other components of the intercalated discs form a complex network that is chamber dependent and differs between the two sexes. In addition, most HRD genes in atria had higher expression in males than in females, while in ventricles, expression levels were mostly higher in females than in males. Moreover, significant chamber differences were observed between the sexes, with higher expression in atria than ventricles for males and higher expression in ventricles than atria for females. We have ranked the selected genes according to their prominence (new concept) within the HRD gene web defined as extent of expression coordination with the other web genes and stability of expression. Interestingly, the prominence hierarchy was substantially different between the two sexes. Taken together, these findings indicate that the organizational principles of the heart rhythm transcriptome are sex dependent, with the newly introduced prominence analysis allowing identification of genes that are pivotal for the sexual dichotomy.
The possible role of ritualized aggression in the vibration signal of the honeybee, Apis mellifera

Cooperative activities in advanced insect societies are organized by complex systems of communication signals that may have evolved from interactions among nestmates in primitively social ancestors. Primitively social colonies are organized by dominance and aggression, which suggests that some communication signals in advanced societies may have evolved through ritualized aggression. For example, many primitively social insects perform repetitive body movements during aggressive encounters and such movements in ancestral species may have become ritualized into vibratory signals, such as ‘abdominal wagging’ in Polistes wasps, and the ‘vibration signal’ of the honeybee Apis mellifera. We explored this possibility by examining the performance of the vibration signal by queenless honeybee workers. Under typical colony conditions, the vibration signal helps to coordinate cooperative labour; however, the function of the signal under queenless conditions is poorly understood. When a colony is permanently queenless, the ovaries of some workers activate and there is a pronounced increase in overt aggression, expressed as ‘mauling’, in which workers attack nestmates with greater ovarian activation. Here, we show that workers that performed vibration signals throughout their adult lifetimes had greater ovarian activation and an increased tendency to perform mauling. These results suggest that vibration signal performance is associated with the reproductive competition that characterizes queenless colonies. We next compared brainegene expression patterns in persistent queenless vibrators, persistent recipients and nonvibrating control bees, for eight candidate genes associated with aggressive nest defence in honeybees and dominance in the primitively social wasp Polistes metricus. Five of the eight genes were upregulated in persistent vibrators compared to recipients and controls. Our results are consistent with the idea that the vibration signal of the honeybee evolved from repetitive aggressive movements, perhaps by co-opting components of a conserved genetic module associated with aggression.
Wear Characteristics of Diamond Tools in Machining Ceramics

Wear characteristics of natural diamonds used to machine ceramic materials at a depth of cut of 2 μm and a speed of 1600 m/min were investigated. The diamond tools used for the machining tests were inspected using the Laue back reflection technique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Wear characteristics of the diamond tools appeared to be influenced by the material properties of the ceramics being machined, the build-up on the tips of the diamond tools, and the crystallographic orientations of the diamond crystals. Three wear patterns were identified: single-flat wear, double-flat wear, and micro-chipping wear. The single-flat and double-flat wear patterns were primarily observed in machining silicon nitride and alumina; the microchipping wear pattern was observed in machining silicon carbide. The wear rate for the microchipping pattern was found to be one to two orders of magnitude higher than those for other wear patterns. Silicon nitride wore the diamond tools faster than alumina did; however, it ...
π0-π− mass difference as determined from double Dalitz pairs

The π−, π0 mass difference was determined by measuring the momenta of the two internally converted electron positron pairs from π0-decay. A total of 119 events gave a valuemπ−−π0=(4.69±0.07) MeV.
Fear of Success in Black Male and Female Graduate Students: A Pilot Study

In accordance with Horner's (1969) assumption that the intensity of fear of success arousal increases with the subject's success potential, graduate students from a prestigious university were chosen for a pilot investigation of the motive to avoid success in black men and women. Thirty-five subjects (14 female; 21 male) received a verbal TAT and a 54-item sex role questionnaire designed for purposes of this investigation. Fear of success was scored according to the new, experimentally derived scoring system for this motive. Contrary to expectation, the results did not indicate any evidence of success avoidance in either sex. However, fear of success in females was clearly associated with striving to develop career interests compatible with their strong commitment to home and husband, while among similarly motivated males it was suggested that the pragmatic career orientation observed was the product of compensatory motivational dynamics. It was concluded that these subjects were motivated to avoid what are perceived to be role-inappropriate behaviors while conforming to socially accepted values internalized in earlier years.
Effects of smoking abstinence on adult smokers with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder : results of a preliminary study

Individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) smoke at higher rates than the general population; however, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this comorbidity. This study evaluated the effects of overnight abstinence on withdrawal symptoms and cognitive performance in adult smokers with and without ADHD. Individuals smoking ≥15 cigarettes per day were recruited from the community and underwent an evaluation to establish a diagnosis of ADHD (n = 12) or not (n = 14). Withdrawal symptoms, mood, craving, cognitive performance, and smoking cue reactivity were measured during two laboratory sessions—in a ‘Satiated’ condition participants smoked up to and during the session while in an ‘Abstinent’ condition, participants were required to be smoking abstinent overnight and remain abstinent during the session. The effects of abstinence on ADHD and non-ADHD smokers did not differ for withdrawal symptom severity, mood, craving or cue reactivity. Significant Group × Condition interactions were observed for measures of attention and response inhibition on the Conners’ CPT. For reaction time (RT) variability and errors of commission, the ADHD group exhibited greater decrements in performance after overnight abstinence compared to the non-ADHD group. The effects of abstinence on other cognitive measures (e.g., rapid visual information processing task, cued Go/No-Go task) did not differ between the two groups. This preliminary study is the first to systematically evaluate the effects of acute smoking abstinence in adult smokers diagnosed with ADHD. Individuals with the disorder may smoke at higher rates due to greater worsening of attention and response inhibition after abstinence.
Comparison of the Mechanical Properties of Single Crystal and Polycrystalline Yttrium Aluminum Garnet

Polycrystalline neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), Nd: Y3Al5O12, has been produced in a transparent form and is being considered as a substitute for single crystal YAG in laser applications. To determine whether such a substitution could impact mechanical reliability, it is critical to compare the baseline mechanical properties of the single crystal and polycrystalline materials. In this study, elastic constants, hardness, fracture toughness and strength properties were measured using standard experimental procedures. In addition, fractography was used to gain insight into the fracture process and the nature of the flaws controlling the strength behavior. Overall, it was determined that the mechanical behavior of the polycrystalline YAG was very similar to that of the single crystal material. The elastic constants of polycrystalline YAG were almost the same as the single crystal and the polycrystalline material showed slight advantages in hardness and fracture toughness. Surface machining flaws were found to control the strength behavior with the single crystal material being the more sensitive to contact damage and, hence exhibiting a lower strength.
The cure of souls in the therapeutic state.

What is psychoanalysis? Who speaks for psychoanalysis? We are familiar with Freud’s many contradictory teachings and the diverse practices he engaged in, calling them all “psychoanalysis.” We know that the term is used to refer to a method of diagnosing and treating mental illnesses, detecting mental illness in famous dead persons and in characters invented by poets and writers, explaining and influencing human behavior, and interpreting the “meaning” of works of art. Here are two current examples of what persons officially authorized to speak for psychoanalysis say about it. Richard Fox (2001), president of the American Psychoanalytic Association in 2001, declares: “Psychoanalysis today is a far cry from what it was thirty to forty years ago. . . . We lobby in Washington. . . . We work with other groups such as the ACLU to further our goals” (p. 27). These activities are not specific to psychoanalysis, nor is it self-evident, as Fox implies, that they are praiseworthy. During World War II, the ACLU supported and justified the incarceration of innocent Americans diagnosed as
DLP Cinema projection: A hybrid frame-rate technique for flicker-free performance

Film is recorded at 24 Hz, which is sufficient to achieve the effect of motion but is well within the flicker sensitivity of the human-visual system (HVS) and thus would result in severe flicker. To avoid this, film projectors project at twice this rate, using a 48-Hz screen refresh rate. While this greatly mitigates flicker, projected film images still exhibit considerable flicker in bright scenes. DLP Cinema projection technology allows us to display images at any frame rate, and in practice we have been able to match the 48-Hz refresh rate of film projectors. This paper describes a technique by which we take advantage of the fact that the HVS temporal sensitivity curve shows more sensitivity with bright content but much less sensitivity as content dims. This is done using the control versatility of the Digital Micromirror Device (DMD), which allows independent control of every bit. The result is an overall image signal that is beyond the HVS temporal sensitivity curve, resulting in the complete removal of any visible flicker. This technique gives DLP Cinema projection its characteristic solid and stable appearance that standard film projection does not provide.
Domestic integration and suicide in England and Wales, 1901-1975

In a rime-series regression for England and Wales from 1901 to 1975, divorce, marriage, and illegitimacy rates were not significantly associated with suicide rates.
A New Radar for Measuring Winds.

A new radar technique for measuring winds in the lower atmosphere is discussed. It is an extension of the well-known FM-CW technique and has the same advantages of relatively low cost and high flexibility for a clear-air radar. Two different types of wind data from clear-air returns are presented. The first is horizontal wind data by the FM-CW radar; these are compared with winds obtained from a tethered balloon. The second is radial velocities associated with convection cells drifting past the radar. Also, two types of data processing are illustrated. The first is off-line processing of recorded digital data, and the second is real-time processing using a commercial spectrum analyzer.
Measurement of bulk mechanical properties and modeling the load response of rootzone sands. Part 3: Effect of organics and moisture content on continuous sand mixtures

The interactions between organics and sand particles at different moisture contents are important in understanding the general mechanical behavior of rootzone sand mixtures. Towards this end, eight rootzone sand mixtures (4 shapes 2 2 moisture contents) used in golf green construction were tested using the cubical triaxial tester (CTT). These eight mixtures consist of sphagnum peat as the organic source and four sands of varying particle shape (round, subround, subangular, and angular). The sand-peat mixtures were tested at two moisture contents (air-dried and 30 cm tension). Of all the test samples, air-dried round sand with peat had the highest initial bulk density (IBD) value (1.49 g/cc), while moist angular sand with peat had the lowest IBD value (1.23 g/cc). These values influenced the compression behavior of samples, for example, the air-dried round sand with peat was least compressible while moist angular sand with peat was most compressible. Generally, moisture enhanced the compressibility of test...
Mexican agriculture in economy-wide policy: Latitude for special treatment

Abstract The Mexican economy has gone through radical transformations in the past 7 years which have been reinforced during the Salinas administration. From the early 60s up to the mid-eighties, Mexico tended to pursue an inward-oriented development strategy. Those economic policies affected negatively the agricultural sector, especially through the indirect effects of the macroeconomic policies. The paper analyzes the role of the agricultural sector in the process of liberalization. It is argued that strategies to develop agriculture must also focus on policies outside the sector, that the level and rate of economic growth is particularly sensitive to investment in public goods, and that an over-investment in these goods might be justified if it induces rural households to engage in political activity that will prevent a movement towards the old policy regime once an economic crisis is resolved.
Maternal Characteristics and Perceptions of Pervasive and Situational Hyperactives and Normal Controls

ABSTRACT Thirty 6− to 9-year-old boys were rated by their mothers and teachers as being pervasively hyperactive, situationally hyperactive, or not hyperactive at home or school. Maternal characteristics and perceptions of their children's behavior problems were collected. Children's global and molecular social skills were also assessed in a role-play format. Mothers of pervasive hyperactive boys reported significantly more overall stress in their relationship with their child and perceived their sons as displaying more behavioral problems compared to mothers of situational hyperactive and nonhyperactive children. Mothers of pervasive hyperactive boys also rated themselves as more depressed, less competent, more restricted, and frustrated compared to control mothers. Mothers of situational hyperactive children indicated that their sons displayed more behavior problems and reported more maternal stress compared to mothers of normal controls. Normal controls were rated as overall more socially skilled than situational hyperactive boys. The utility of the pervasive and situational hyperactivity distinction is discussed.
Constructivist-Based Experiential Learning in Teacher Education

Abstract The benefits of constructivist settings for students' academic, affective and social growth have been widely documented, yet raditional teacher-centered classrooms that restrict students' active involvement in the learning process have been far more prevalent than constructivist classrooms. As teaching behavior is frequently shaped by prior educational experiences, it is unrealistic to expect teachers to initiate constructivist settings in schools if their prior educational experiences, including teacher education programs, do not include constructivist-based experiences. For constructivist practices to emerge in schools, teacher education programs must use constructivist approaches to engage teacher candidates in interdisciplinary exploration, collaborative endeavors, fieldwork opportunities for experiential learning, self observation, evaluation, and reflection. Restructuring of teacher education programs evolves as teacher educators and teacher candidates engage in a learning cycle that brings...
Preparation and characterization of an 125I-labeled Sendai virus ligand.

Abstract In an attempt to prepare a radioviral ligand that was effective both as an antigen in binding to antibody and as a ligand that effectively binds to receptor-bearing cells, inactivated Sendai virus was adsorbed to immobilized fetuin at 4°C and recovered by temperature elevation at 37°C. The eluted virus was iodinated using the chloramine-T procedure and free iodine and labeled virus were separated on a Sepharose 4B column. Radiolabeted virus contained 1000 to 5000 cpm per hemagglutination unit and over 90% of the counts were sedimented following high-speed centrifugation. Radioviral ligand was 80% reactive with immobilized Sendai virus antibody, 70% reactive with sheep red blood cells,and 1% reactive with receptor-negative horse red blood cells. Pretreatment of the cells with neuraminidase completely inhibited the virus binding reaction. The reaction with receptor-bearing cells was competitively inhibited by unlabeled Sendai virus, but not by murine leukemia virus or T-2 coliphage. Radioviral ligand binding to human lymphoblastic cell line CCL-119 was a saturable reaction, a result that demonstrates the absence of virus-virus aggregates. The preparation of an effective cell-reactive radioviral ligand was dependent on the initial purification from immobilized receptor-containing proteins.
Cystoscopy assisted transvesical biopsy of prostatic rhabdomyosarcoma

The treatment of prostatic rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) depends on tumour stratification based on site and histology. An increasing range of cytogenetic, molecular, and immunohistochemistry studies are required. This is difficult to achieve using standard cystoscopic biopsies alone. We present a 5-year-old male, diagnosed with a prostatic RMS. He underwent cystoscopy to confirm the diagnosis and at the same time tissue was obtained for histology using laparoscopic graspers via a STEP™ Port inserted percutaneously into the apex of his bladder. Histology and cytogenetics confirmed an embryonal botryoid RMS for which he received chemotherapy followed by a radical prostatectomy for residual disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:583–586. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Lithium stimulates the release of human parathyroid hormone in vitro.

The effect of lithium on PTH release from human parathyroid tissue was studied using a perifusion system and an immunoradiometric assay for intact human PTH. Tissue was obtained from three patients undergoing surgery for thyroid disease, three patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic renal insufficency, and four patients with primary hyperparathyroidism due to a parathyroid adenoma. Addition of lithium in concentrations equivalent to the therapeutic serum levels normally attained in man (1.3 mmol/L) resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) increase in PTH release under normocalcemic (1.15 mmol/L) conditions from normal and hyperplastic tissues. The magnitude of the lithium-induced response of PTH release ranged from a 1.4- to 5.3-fold increase above basal levels (perifusion with 1.15 mmol/L calcium alone) and was comparable to the response during a low calcium (0.42 mmol/L) perifusion. Although the response to lithium was delayed compared to that of hypocalcemia, PTH returned to basal levels...
THE INTRACELLULAR UNCOATING OF POXVIRUS DNA. II. THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF THE UNCOATING PROCESS.

The uncoating of poxvirus DNA is a two-step process. The first stage begins immediately after penetration of virus particles and is effected by enzymes present in the uninfected cell; the products of this stage are virus cores. Viral DNA within cores is not accessible to DNase. The second stage of uncoating results in the breakdown of the cores to release naked poxvirus DNA. This stage is inhibited by fluorophenylalanine and puromycin, inhibitors of protein synthesis, as well as by actinomycin D and irradiation with u.v. light, inhibitors of messenger RNA synthesis. It is concluded that in order for virus cores to be broken down a protein has to be synthesized after infection. This protein is synthesized only in response to infection with virus particles containing un-denatured protein. Evidence is presented suggesting that the synthesis of this protein is under the control of the host-cell genome. A scheme is presented which is capable of explaining all known facts concerning poxvirus reactivation, initiation and uncoating. It postulates that a viral protein released during the first stage of uncoating causes derepression of a portion of host cell DNA, permitting the synthesis, through the mediation of messenger RNA formation, of a protein which is instrumental in degrading virus cores and thus releasing viral DNA in the free state.
Cervical tracheal transection after scarf entanglement in a go-kart engine.

Abstract Background Tracheal disruption secondary to blunt force occurs infrequently. Most individuals suffering such an injury die before arriving at a hospital. Diagnosis for those who do present alive is often delayed, as signs and symptoms typically do not match the severity of injury. Objective The objectives of this case report are to present a unique mechanism for tracheal disruption and to discuss our management strategy. Case Report We describe an 18-year-old man who suffered tracheal disruption after entanglement of his scarf in a go-kart engine. His initial workup was conducted by emergency physicians and included computed tomographic evaluation of the neck. After diagnosis, the patient was transported to an operating suite. Awake tracheostomy was performed in this controlled environment to secure the airway, after which the trachea was repaired via primary anastomosis. Conclusions Prompt recognition and appropriate intervention are critical in the care of patients with suspected tracheal transection to prevent mortality.
Probing neutrino structure at the SSC

Abstract If quarks and leptons are composite objects with common constituents, then there will be two-quark-two-neutrino contact interactions which will increase the number of events with missing transverse momentum observed at the SSC. We show that, if the scale of compositeness λ ∗ is only moderately high, such effects should be observable.
A 3D-Layout Aware Binding Algorithm for High-Level Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuits

Recent progress in the fabrication of three-dimensional integrated circuits has opened up the possibility of exploiting this technology to alleviate performance and power related issues raised by interconnects in nanometer CMOS. Physical synthesis for three-dimensional integrated is substantially different from traditional planar integrated circuits due to the presence of additional constraints of placing circuit blocks in multiple die. To realize the full potential offered by three-dimensional integrated circuits, high-level synthesis of these circuits must take layout-related issues unique to 3-D technology into account during the synthesis process. The paper presents a 3-D layout aware binding algorithm for high-level synthesis that tightly integrates the synthesis tasks of resource binding, assignment of modules to multiple die, 3-D floorplanning, and inter-die via minimization. Since floorplanning and resource binding are interdependent, the algorithm can significantly outperform traditional high-level synthesis flows that separate these tasks. Compared to a traditional 3-D layout-unaware binding, experiments show that the approach can improve the total wire-length by 29% on average, while the longest netlength is reducedby21%. In addition, the number of through-die via count is reduced by 27%. These optimizations are achieved with no penalty in chip area
Loss of Rereplication Control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Results in Extensive DNA Damage

To maintain genome stability, the entire genome of a eukaryotic cell must be replicated once and only once per cell cycle. In many organisms, multiple overlapping mechanisms block rereplication, but the consequences of deregulating these mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that disrupting these controls in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae rapidly blocks cell proliferation. Rereplicating cells activate the classical DNA damage-induced checkpoint response, which depends on the BRCA1 C-terminus checkpoint protein Rad9. In contrast, Mrc1, a checkpoint protein required for recognition of replication stress, does not play a role in the response to rereplication. Strikingly, rereplicating cells accumulate subchromosomal DNA breakage products. These rapid and severe consequences suggest that even limited and sporadic rereplication could threaten the genome with significant damage. Hence, even subtle disruptions in the cell cycle regulation of DNA replication may predispose cells to the genomic instability associated with tumorigenesis.
Deletion Derivatives of the MuDR Regulatory Transposon of Maize Encode Antisense Transcripts but Are Not Dominant-Negative Regulators of Mutator Activities

The maize MuDR/Mu transposable elements are highly aggressive, and their activities are held in check by host developmental and epigenetic mechanisms. The Mutator regulatory element, MuDR, produces both sense and antisense transcripts. We have investigated the impact of the presence of antisense transcripts on the abundance of the corresponding sense messages and on the regulation of Mutator activities. We report that internal deletions in MuDR arise frequently in somatic tissues; preferential loss of the 3′ untranslated region of mudrA and/or mudrB containing the intergenic region is correlated with chimeric sense mudrA/antisense mudrB and sense mudrB/antisense mudrA transcripts. Heritable internal deletions are extremely frequent (>10−2 per element), and the resulting defective MuDR elements also encode antisense transcripts. Expression of endogenous or additional transgene-encoded antisense transcripts neither decreases sense transcript levels nor inhibits Mutator excision activity over the three generations examined. We propose that antisense transcripts produced by MuDR deletions are not dominant-negative regulators of Mutator activities.
Molecularly Engineered p(HEMA)-based Hydrogels Possessing Poly(Ethylene Glycol) and Phosphorylcholine for Implant Biocompatibility

Hydrogels based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) crosslinked with tetraethylene glycol (TEGDA) and molecularly engineered using two methacrylate-based monomers, poly (ethylene glycol) (200) monomethacrylate (PEGMA) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) in the range of 0.0 - 0.5 mol % and 0-10 mol % respectively were investigated. Hydration studies demonstrated up to a 93.8% increase in the hydration with an increase in the MPC content. Data obtained from the measurement of the fluorescence intensity of FITC-dye tagged protein adsorbed onto various hydrogel substrates when exposed to solutions of different protein concentration solutions at 25degC were modeled to the Langmuir isotherm. Variables Kd and Qm confirmed the reduction in the adsorption of protein onto hydrogels with the increase in the MPC concentration and with extensive hydration of the hydrogels, 5 days. Cell viability studies using human aortic muscle endothelial cells exhibited greater than 80% viability with all the hydrogel formulations studied. Cell retention in the hydrogel matrix was investigated by staining cells that remained in the hydrogel matrix following trypsinization, with a fluorescent dye DAPI. It was observed, using fluorescence microscopy, that the higher the MPC content in the hydrogel the greater the cell retention capacity of the hydrogel
Telerobotic planning and control for DOE D&D operations

The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a telerobotic system focused on addressing the complex tasks found in real-world deactivation and decommissioning (D&D) activities for the Department of Energy. Because of the large gap between the conditions and constraints required to implement robotic systems and the conditions encountered in in situ D&D work, nearly all D&D activities that are too hazardous for direct human contact are presently executed using purely teleoperated remote systems. Advances in capability and efficiency can be achieved by developing new telerobotic control methodologies that integrate tasks ideally suited for robotic control with task definitions provided by more traditional teleoperated control. The objectives are to reduce task execution time, reduce the required operator skill level, and to enable the use of tools that are not suited for purely teleoperated control.
Comparison of Leakage Performance in Three Types of Gas Annular Seals Operating at a High Temperature (300°C)

Adequate sealing in rotating machinery reduces secondary leakage and results in more efficient and stable systems. Labyrinth seals are most common, although brush seals are popular in specialized applications. The hybrid brush seal (HBS) is a novel design that adds to the bristle brush matrix a number of cantilever pads that rest on the rotor surface. Upon shaft rotation the pads lift due to the generation of a hydrodynamic gas film, and the brushes effectively seal an upstream pressure. Hence, the HBS has no wear and no local thermal distortion effects. This article presents measurements of leakage versus pressure differential obtained in a three-tooth labyrinth, a conventional brush seal, and a hybrid brush seal for operation at high temperature (300°C) and with shaft surface speeds to 26 m/s. The measurements demonstrate that the HBS leaks ∼ 31% less than a standard brush seal and is significantly better (∼ 68%) than a similarly sized labyrinth seal. As temperature increases, the labyrinth seal leakage...
Highly flexible polymer light-emitting devices using carbon nanotubes as both anodes and cathodes

Polymer light-emitting devices based on the in situ formation of a p-i-n junction in a polymer blend have been fabricated by roll lamination. Single-walled carbon nanotubes are used as both the anode and cathode for a fabrication process that does not employ vacuum. The metal-free, thin-film devices exhibit a low turn-on voltage, modestly high efficiency, and brightness. The devices are fairly transparent and exhibit high mechanical flexibility. No failure was observed after repeated bending to a 2.5 mm radius and unbending for 50 cycles. Tandem light-emitting devices were prepared, by stacking a blue device on top of a yellow device, for the convenient generation of various mixed colors.
Noise-shaped multbit D/A convertor employing unit elements

By appropriately selecting the elements used to form each output sample of a multibit digital-to-analogue convertor, the spectrum of the error caused by element mismatch can be noise-shaped. Simulations indicate that first-order, second-order and bandpass noise-shaping are all possible. The technique enables the use of multibit feedback in delta-sigma A/D and D/A convertors.
Detection of metals and metalloproteins in the plasma of stroke patients by mass spectrometry methods

Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability, worldwide. Metalloproteins and metals play key roles in epigenetic events in living organisms, including hypertension, the most important modifiable risk factor for stroke. Thus, metalloproteins may be important target biomarkers for disease diagnosis. The primary goal of this study was to assess metal containing proteins in blood plasma, detected by ICP-MS, followed by ESIMS for peptide/protein identification. We then compared the relative concentration differences between samples from patients with ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke and stroke mimics. In 29 plasma samples (10 stroke mimics, 10 ischemic stroke and 9 hemorrhagic stroke patients) previously collected from patients who presented to the University of Cincinnati Emergency Department within 12 hours of symptom onset for a plasma banking project. For the metal associated protein study, Mg, Mn, Cu, Se concentrations were statistically different when compared between stroke mimics vs. ischemic stroke patients and ischemic stroke patients vs. hemorrhagic stroke patients. Pb concentrations were statistically different when compared between stroke mimics vs. ischemic stroke patients and Mo levels were statistically the same among the three groups. In addition, we also report concentration levels and preliminary correlation studies for total elemental analysis among the three sets of patients. This pilot study demonstrates that mass spectrometry methods may be highly valuable in detecting novel stroke biomarkers in blood plasma. Expanded studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Relation of Person-Environment Fit to Career Certainty.

Abstract This study examined the person–environment fit-career outcome relation by observing interests, self-efficacy and parental support as person aspects and major and occupational choice as separate indicators of the environment. Career certainty was selected as a career outcome. Two dimensional fit indices (People-Things and Data-Ideas) were examined as was the incremental validity of adding prestige fit indices. In addition, we examined the moderation of these PE fit-outcome relations by ethnicity (Anglos vs. Latino/a’s). Results revealed that the PE fit predictors were moderately related and none of the two dimensional PE fit predictors significantly related to career certainty, while nearly all of the Prestige PE fit-certainty relations were significant. Support was found for the spherical structure of work types and person variables [Tracey, T. J. G., & Rounds, J. (1996b). Contributions of the spherical representation of vocational interests. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 48 , 85–95].
Growth of Highly Oriented CdsXSe1.X Thin Films By Uv Laser Evaporation Deposition

CdSxSe1−x thin films have been grown by uv laser-evaporation deposition in a clean vacuum environment. The films have their c-axis perpendicular to the surface, and are optically smooth and homogeneous. These high quality films should be useful in nonlinear integrated optics applications.
Ionic Liquids Derived from Natural Products and other Novel Chemistries

Put simply, ionic liquids (ILs) are salts that are liquid at “low temperatures”. In the context of describing ionic liquids, “low” is decidedly subjective. Salts that have melting points as low as −96 °C and as high as 150 °C have been categorised as ionic liquids [1]. Despite this large apparent range for “low” temperatures, all of these materials have dramatically decreased melting points relative to typical salts, e.g. NaCl (m.pt. = 800 °C).
Tracking Tremor Frequency in Spike Trains Using the Extended Kalman Filter

Tremor is one of the most disabling symptoms in patients with many movement disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET). Neural tremor, which is measured by microelectrodes placed near nerve cells or obtained from brain cells during stereotactic neurosurgery, is due to the fluctuation of the firing rate of neurons. The frequency of this neural tremor varies over time and is nonstationary. We describe a frequency tracking method using the extended Kalman filter (EKF) to estimate the instantaneous tremor frequency (ITF) of binary spike trains detected from microelectrode recordings (MER). The results demonstrate that the EKF can accurately track fluctuations in tremor frequency even though the noise in binary spike trains is not Gaussian
Quantum Interference: The Structural Dependence of Electron Transmission through Model Systems and Cross-Conjugated Molecules

We report on a class of molecules that exhibit nonlinear current/voltage behavior in the low bias tunneling regime. This interesting behavior is attributed to quantum interference. Using site models, we show that interference features, while common, do not necessarily occur at experimentally relevant energies, hindering realization in transport measurements. Calculations made using a nonequilibrium Green’s function code show that quantum interference can be experimentally relevant in cross-conjugated molecules. A detailed bond length analysis of cross-conjugated molecules gives insight into why these molecules have interference at energetically accessible regions. The interference features are shown to be stable to both an electronic dephasing analysis and geometric fluctuations provided by molecular dynamics.
Adaptive image restoration using the multichannel recursive least squares algorithm

Because of the inhomogeneous nature of images in the real world, and fading imaging systems, an adaptive approach to image restoration is used. The approach is based on the multichannel adaptive equalization technique. The adaptive algorithm used is the multichannel recursive least squares algorithm, which is an extension of the 1-D recursive least squares (RLS) transversal filter. This new approach does not require knowledge of system characteristics or signal data; however, a training phase is required for initial adaptation of restoration filter coefficients. To verify the proposed approach, simulation results are included. >
Micromagnetic study of magnetization process in bicrystal thin film

A computer simulation study of the magnetization process in bicrystal thin films is presented. Nearly unity squareness is obtained in these films with field applied along the diagonal directions between the two crystalline easy axes, which indicates that the diagonal directions are the effective easy axes. When the field is applied at angles between the effective easy and hard axes, it is found that a magnetization reversal always initiates by forming a transverse domain with magnetization virtually perpendicular to that at the saturation remanent state. The reversal proceeds by forming completely reversed domains within the transverse domains and expanding through the entire film. >
The prevalence and practice of academies of medical educators: a survey of U.S. medical schools

Purpose Academies of medical educators can be defined as formal organizations of academic teaching faculty recognized for excellence in their contributions to their school’s education mission and who, as a group, serve specific needs of the institution. The authors studied the characteristics of academies, including the processes for admission, selection, and retention of academy members; the types of faculty who are academy members; program goals; benefits offered by academies to the individual and to the institution; funding sources and amounts; and the rapid increase in academies since 2003. Method In 2008, the authors sent an online questionnaire to 127 U.S. medical schools. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. To determine differences between groups, multivariate analysis of variance was performed. Correlation analysis (Pearson r) was used to identify association between variables. Effect size was determined using eta squared ( 2 ). Results