cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Forecasting real-time locational marginal price: A state space approach

The problem of forecasting the real-time locational marginal price (LMP) by a system operator is considered. A new probabilistic forecasting framework is developed based on a time in-homogeneous Markov chain representation of the realtime LMP calculation. By incorporating real-time measurements and forecasts, the proposed forecasting algorithm generates the posterior probability distribution of future locational marginal prices with forecast horizons of 6–8 hours. Such a short-term forecast provides actionable information for market participants and system operators. A Monte Carlo technique is used to estimate the posterior transition probabilities of the Markov chain, and the real-time LMP forecast is computed by the product of the estimated transition matrices. The proposed forecasting algorithm is tested on the PJM 5-bus system. Simulations show marked improvements over benchmark techniques.
Making the transition: pediatric lung transplantation.

Abstract Introduction: Little information exists regarding how parents whose children have undergone lung transplantation perceive the meaning of their return home to face the reality of the posttransplant experience. Method: A naturalistic approach was selected to investigate the meaning of the experience from the perspective of the parents. Fifteen parents of 12 children were interviewed. Colaizzi's method of phenomenologic analysis guided the analysis of the interview data. Results: A theme cluster, “making the transition,” emerged from the data. The themes that reflected parents' perceptions of the issues they faced in the posttransplant period included reuniting the family, assuming a new role, returning to school, facing the risk of infection, facing the threat of rejection, and striking a balance. Discussion: Parents' perceptions of the situation reflected the shifting impact of uncertainty on their daily lives and coping strategies. The need exists to recognize the parents' unique and changing needs and to implement individualized nursing care to meet their needs. J Pediatr Health Care. (2000). 14 , 280-287.
Conformational stability of a model protein (bovine serum albumin) during primary emulsification process of PLGA microspheres synthesis.

Abstract The goal of this study was to investigate the conformational stability of a model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), during the primary emulsification process of poly( d , l -lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres preparation. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was utilized to assess the conformational structure of BSA during primary emulsification in the presence and absence of PLGA. Three excipients [i.e. mannitol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)] were investigated for their stabilizing effect on BSA during emulsification process. The DSC profile of intact BSA was best fitted by a non-2-state model with two peaks, which have midpoint temperatures ( T m1 , 60.9±0.4 °C and T m2 , 66.4±1.0 °C), respectively, and a total calorimetric enthalpy Δ H tot of 599±42 kJ/mol. After emulsifying BSA aqueous solution with methylene chloride, an additional apparent peak at a higher temperature was observed. The T m of this peak was 77.4±0.8 °C. HP-β-CD was able to suppress the occurrence of an additional peak, whereas mannitol failed. SDS increased the thermal stability of BSA dramatically. Furthermore, HP-β-CD increased BSA recovery from 72±8% to 89±7% after extraction from w/o in the presence of PLGA. These results provided evidence that HP-β-CD could be a promising excipient for conformational stability of BSA during synthesis of PLGA microspheres.
1442 Elementary School-Based Obesity Prevention Intervention Effect on Waist Circumference Among Multiethnic 6–13 Year Olds

Background Childhood onset obesity and related health consequences continue to be major clinical and public health issues in the USA and abroad. Schools provide an opportunity to implement prevention strategies to large, diverse pediatric audiences. Healthier Options for Public Schoolchildren (HOPS) was a school-based obesity prevention intervention with nutrition and physical activity components implemented in the elementary school setting targeting 6–13 year olds. Methods HOPS was a quasi-experimental elementary school-based obesity prevention intervention targeting ethnically diverse 6–13-year-olds (Kindergarten-6 th ). Over four school years (August 2004-June 2009), five schools (four intervention; one control, N=3,183, 48% Hispanic) in Florida participated in the study. Waist circumference (WC) data was reported in the Fall of 2005 and Spring of 2006 only and these one year results are reported here. Results Among boys, the mean incremental change in WC (measured in centimeters [cm]) increase was significantly less in the intervention (1.35 cm +/- 0.88 [SD]) versus control schools (3.83 cm +/- 0.94) (P Conclusions Elevated WC is strongly correlated with cardiometabolic disease risk factors and should be monitored in young children as such. School-based obesity prevention interventions show promise in improving weight and potentially cardiometabolic health in elementary-school aged children.
Crystallinity and oxygen transport properties of PET bottle walls

Oxygen transport was coupled with other methods to study the relationship of gas barrier to solid state structure in the PET blown bottle wall. Commercial 2-L carbonated soft drink bottles blown under different process conditions were studied. Crystallinity determinations from heat of melting, density, glycol trans fraction, and oxygen solubility were compared. The reasons for lack of correlation between conventional crystallinity methods based on heat of melting and density were elucidated, and neither was found to be reliable. An alternative approach to determining crystallinity based on oxygen solubility gave reliable results and revealed fundamental characteristics of the amorphous phase, such as amorphous phase density and amorphous phase oxygen solubility. Dedensification of the amorphous phase was responsible for higher oxygen permeability of bottle walls processed under conditions of higher thermal exposure (temperature/time) despite the parallel increase in volume fraction of impermeable crystals. The strong dependence of dedensification on process temperature was explained in terms of the temperature–volume relationship of the amorphous phase. A low process temperature minimized amorphous phase dedensification and delivered a bottle wall with the best oxygen barrier. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 671–677, 2004
Piezo-Optic Resonances in Crystals of the Dihydrogen Phosphate Type

Besides the Pockels effect, crystals of the dihydrogen phosphate type (symmetry class 4¯2 m) also exhibit an indirect electro-optic effect or piezo-optic effect. This effect is examined both experimentally and theoretically, and expressions for the spatial distribution, amplitude, and frequency response of modulation are derived for the case of a (zxt)0°-cut square plate. The frequency response is found to depend upon the light-beam diameter. The amplitude of the piezo-optic resonances is found to be nearly independent of frequency.
Specific association between type-II intracisternal A-particle elements and other repetitive sequences in the mouse genome.

Abstract The majority of type-II intracisternal A-particle (IAP) element clones isolated from a mouse genomic library also contained highly repetitive DNA sequences in addition to the moderately repetitive IAP elements. Further analysis revealed that eleven of the twelve clones contained sequences of the mouse LI family. One clone contained four copies of a limited region of the 3′ end of the L1 element in a 12-kb stretch of sequence. This clone also contained a newly identified repetitive sequence which is found associated with type-II IAP elements. Type-II IAP elements were completely methylated in mouse embryo DNA; in myeloma cells, partial demethylation of the sequences correlated with known transcriptional activity of the IAP subclasses. Analysis of genomic DNA showed that association with other repetitive sequences appears to be a general property of many type-II IAP elements and may reflect their location in a particular chromosomal environment.
Grid cell firing properties vary as a function of theta phase locking preferences in the rat medial entorhinal cortex.

Theta rhythmic fluctuations in the hippocampal-entorhinal circuit are believed to reflect rapid transitions between modes of mnemonic processing. Specifically, activity at the trough and peak of CA1 pyramidal layer theta is thought to correspond to retrieval and encoding related processing, respectively. Spatially tuned ‘grid cells’ in layers II and III of the medial entorhinal cortex preferentially spike during the trough and peak phases of theta, respectively. Such differences suggest differential involvement of these layers to the processes of retrieval and encoding. It remains unknown, however, if the properties of grid cells that spike preferentially at the trough versus the peak of theta differ systematically. Such putative differences would offer insights into the differential processing that occurs during these two phases. The goal of the present work was to contrast these types of grid cells. We found that significant functional dissociations do exist: trough locked grid cells carried more spatial information, had a higher degree of head direction tuning, and were more likely to phase precess. Thus, grid cells that activate during the putative retrieval phase of theta (trough) have a greater degree of location, orientation and temporal tuning specificity relative to grid cells that activate during the putative encoding phase (peak), potentially reflecting the influence of the retrieved content. Additionally, trough locked grid cells had a lower average firing rate, were more likely to burst, and were less phase locked to high-gamma (~80 Hz). Further analyses revealed they had different waveforms profiles and that systemic blockade of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors reduced the spatial tuning of both types, although these differences were only significant for the peak locked grid cells. These differences suggest that trough and peak locked grid cells are distinct populations of neurons.
On quadrature convergence of extended Lagrange interpolation

Quadrature convergence of the extended Lagrange interpolant L 2n+1 f for any continuous function f is studied, where the interpolation nodes are the n zeros τ i of an orthogonal polynomial of degree n and the n + 1 zeros τ j of the corresponding induced orthogonal polynomial of degree n + 1. It is found that, unlike convergence in the mean, quadrature convergence does hold for all four Chebyshev weight functions. This is shown by establishing the positivity of the underlying quadrature rule, whose weights are obtained explicitly. Necessary and sufficient conditions for positivity are also obtained in cases where the nodes τ i and τ j interlace, and the conditions are checked numerically for the Jacobi weight function with parameters α and β. It is conjectured, in this case, that quadrature convergence holds for |α| ≤ 1/2, |β| ≤ 1/2.
Fitting coupled potential energy surfaces for large systems: Method and construction of a 3-state representation for phenol photodissociation in the full 33 internal degrees of freedom using multireference configuration interaction determined data

A recently reported algorithm for representing adiabatic states coupled by conical intersections using a quasi-diabatic state Hamiltonian in four and five atom systems is extended to treat nonadiabatic processes in considerably larger molecules. The method treats all internal degrees of freedom and uses electronic structure data from ab initio multireference configuration interaction wave functions with nuclear configuration selection based on quasi-classical surface hopping trajectories. The method is shown here to be able to treat ∼30 internal degrees of freedom including dissociative and large amplitude internal motion. Two procedures are introduced which are essential to the algorithm, a null space projector which removes basis functions from the fitting process until they are needed and a partial diagonalization technique which allows for automated, but accurate, treatment of the vicinity of extended seams of conical intersections of two or more states. These procedures are described in detail. The m...
Self-rated health and trust in low-income Mexican-origin individuals in Texas

The evidence suggests that trust is an important determinant of health. Trust tends to be lower in low-income and minority individuals, who already suffer from worse health. Therefore, it is particularly important to investigate the predictors of trust in disadvantaged individuals. In this article we use multilevel models to investigate the individual and neighborhood predictors of trust in Mexican-Americans living in low-income neighborhoods (defined as census block groups) in Texas. Detailed survey data on 1754 Mexican-origin respondents provided information on self-rated health and individual characteristics including sociodemographic and sociocultural personal characteristics (frequency of association with people of other races/ethnicities, social support, perceived racism, perceived personal opportunity, and religiosity). Neighborhood heterogeneities and socioeconomic status, computed from census data, were supplemented by community social characteristics (collective efficacy and public disorder) obtained from survey data. Trust was a significant predictor of self-rated health in our sample. This study suggests that Mexican-Americans tend to trust more those with whom there is likely to be a personal acquaintance than other Mexican-Americans. Furthermore, while the results of this study support that people tend to trust more those who are like themselves, for Mexican-Americans, the identification of who is more alike is not based exclusively on racial/ethnic identity, but is a complex process based also on linguistic and socioeconomic similarities. In our sample, linguistic fragmentation, but not racial/ethnic diversity nor neighborhood impoverishment, correlated with trust. Ease of communication seemed to be more important than racial/ethnic homogeneity in encouraging interpersonal trust among Mexican-Americans at the neighborhood level. The findings in this study imply it may be possible to develop neighborhood level interventions, focusing on encouraging social interaction in racially/ethnically and linguistically diverse communities, with the aim of promoting trust to improve health outcomes.
Protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes XIII: Lack of mRNA (poly r(A)) binding activity in highly purified EIF-1

Abstract Met-tRNA f Met binding factor (EIF-1) has been purified more than 100 fold over crude high salt (0.5 M KCl) ribosomal wash. The purified factor binds 2 nmoles Met-tRNA f Met per mg protein and shows very little poly r(A) binding activity. Crude ribosomal high salt wash possesses significant amounts of poly r(A) binding activity and also binds to other RNAs. The bulk of this unspecific RNA binding protein is separated from EIF-1 by DEAE-cellulose chromatography.
The Identification of Vowel Errors Using Traditional Articulation or Phonological Process Test Stimuli

The stimulus items from five commonly used assessment tools were examined to determine the number of occurrences of each English vowel and diphthong in a variety of contexts. Results indicated that...
Clinical features related to age at onset in bipolar disorder.

Abstract Background: Early age at illness onset has been associated with poor functional and syndromal outcome in bipolar disorder, although debate remains about the likely robustness of this variable, especially while controlling for other illness parameters. Method: Fifty-six consecutive bipolar outpatients underwent semistructured interviews to assess psychopathology and outcome. We hypothesized that early age at onset would be linked with more prevalent rapid cycling, psychosis, comorbid substance abuse, and suicide attempts. Results: Illness onset before age 19 arose in 46% of subjects. Separate logistic regression analyses revealed that onset before age 19 was associated with developing comorbid substance abuse/dependence (OR=7.714, 95% CI=1.863–31.944, Wald χ2=7.949, df=1, P=0.005), as well as the eventual development of rapid cycling (OR=6.000, 95% CI=1.250–25.893, Wald χ2=5.348, df=1, P=0.021). No significant or near-significant associations were observed between age at onset and lifetime suicide attempts or lifetime psychosis. After an initial manic or mixed episode, delaying the introduction of antidepressants tended to be protective against the eventual development of rapid cycling (OR=0.927, 95% CI=0.856–1.004, Wald χ2=3.440, df=1, P=0.064). Limitations: The sample size may have been too small to detect group differences of small magnitude. The use of retrospective life chart assessments to ascertain age at onset and lifetime illness course may impose limitations on generalizability in the absence of prospective data. Conclusions: Early onset of bipolar illness appears related to the development of rapid cycling and of comorbid substance abuse/dependence. The findings raise developmental implications for the pathogenesis of illness complexity and poor outcome states.
Debilitating verruca vulgaris in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Dramatic improvement with hyperthermia therapy.

REPORT OF A CASE A 42-year-old white man with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of 4 years' duration was admitted to Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, for debilitating exacerbation of psoriasis. The skin condition, present for 3 years, had been reasonably controlled with UV-B phototherapy. For several weeks before admission, the patient had difficulty getting to the light therapy unit on a regular basis because of ambulatory problems. Progressively enlarging ''warts'' on his toes were becoming too painful for the patient to walk very far. Oxycodone with acetaminophen, morphine sulfate, and amitriptyline prescribed for his alcoholic neuropathy, manifested as leg pain, were being used for control of his toe pain. Except for HIV-associated hematologic changes, he had no other significant medical problems. In addition to the pain control medications, he was receiving zidovudine and ranitidine. He had no prior therapy for lesions on his toes. Findings from his physical examination revealed
INFERENCES ABOUT LATENT POPULATIONS FROM COMPLEX SAMPLES

Standard procedures for drawing inferences from complex samples do not apply when the variables of interest z are not observed directly, but must be inferred from secondary random variables x that depend on z stochastically. Employing Rubin's (1977) approach to missing data in survey research, we present a procedure by which reasonable inferences can be made in such situations. The key is to represent knowledge about latent variables in the form of a predictive distribution, conditional on manifest variables. It is then possible to obtain the expectations of statistics that would have been computed if the values of the latent variables corresponding to sampled units were known, along with variance estimators that account for uncertainty due to both subject sampling and the latency of z.
Vortical and turbulent structures for KVLCC2 at drift angle 0, 12, and 30 degrees

Abstract Detached Eddy Simulation on a 13 M grid is conducted for a KVLCC2 tanker hull form at drift angle 30°. The objective is to identify and analyze the vortical structures, instabilities, and turbulent structures with analogy to the vortex breakdown and helical instability analysis for delta wing at large angles of attack. One shear layer, one Karman-like vortex shedding, and three helical mode instabilities are identified. The after-body side vortex, fore-body side vortex, and after-body bilge vortex exhibit all characteristics for vortex breakdown. For helical instability in the wake of the vortex breakdowns, Strouhal number using the ship length or the distance along vortex core shows the same trend with delta wings. The turbulent kinetic energy peaks near the separation point at the bow and on the vortex core of all vortices. For the after-body side vortex, turbulent kinetic energy reaches local maximum right after the vortex breakdown and is intensified along the vortex core further downstream. The simulations at drift angle 0° show four unsteady aft-body vortices, significantly improve the prediction of integral variables and local flows. In addition to the three steady vortices identified before, the simulations at drift angle 12° show unsteady aft-body hairpin and after-body side vortices.
On the Variation of Junction-Transistor Current-Amplification Factor with Emitter Current

Existing theories of the junction transistor fail to predict the very significant variation of current-amplification factor, ?cb, as the emitter current is varied. This variation has been very troublesome in power transistors, particularly at high emitter currents where the ?cb fall-off may be so severe as to limit usefulness. At low currents, ?cb also drops off, an effect of importance in very low-power applications. By taking into account modification of the base region by the injected charge carriers, an explanation is found for the observed variation. Electric fields in the base region decrease the mean transit time for minority carriers on their way to the collector. This reduces the effect of surface recombination and increases current-amplification factor as the emitter current rises. Another effect, however, is in the opposite direction; this second effect is due to an increase in conductivity of the base material which increases the rate of volume recombination and also lowers emitter efficiency. The combination of these effects yields calculated curves which show a maximum and agree well with experiment. The work is applicable to both p-n-p and n-p-n types, and it is shown that the latter is inherently less sensitive to emitter current density.
Seasonal variation in amphibian phosphate metabolism and its relation to parathyroid structure and function

Abstract 1. 1. Plasma and urine phosphorus levels in Rana pipiens vary seasonally, and are inverse to each other; plasma phosphorus is high in summer and low in winter, while urine phosphorus is low in summer and high in winter. 2. 2. Urine calcium levels also vary seasonally, but show less magnitude of oscillation than phosphorus fluxes, and follow the latter in time. 3. 3. Parathyroid extract does not alter seasonal patterns of phosphorus fluxes, but does induce hypophosphatemia at all seasons; a significant hyperphosphaturia occurs only in winter and summer. 4. 4. The parathyroid gland degenerates in winter; cellular density decreases and surviving cells are enlarged. The greatest changes occur in the central parenchyma.
Pulsed laser ablation and deposition of fluorocarbon polymers

Thin films of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) have been formed by the pulsed-laser deposition technique. The structure of the PTFE films depends upon the substrate temperature during deposition. At substrate temperatures from room temperature to 200°C the films were determined to be amorphous. Films formed at higher substrate temperatures contain both amorphous and crystalline components. Transmission IR spectroscopy indicates that the amorphous and the semi-crystalline variants of PTFE are chemically equivalent. The PVDF films were found to be amorphous for all substrate temperatures studied in the range 25°C to 200°C. For both materials it was found that the use of higher substrate temperatures results in the formation of smoother films.
Trade-offs between moving and stationary particle collectors for detecting a bio-agent plume

Abstract Outdoor air in several U.S. cities is now being continuously monitored for biological warfare agents. In the current implementation, all monitoring devices, which we refer to as “collectors,” are stationary. This paper discusses the trade-offs between stationary and moving collectors. A moving collector is more likely than a stationary collector to sample a clandestine release, but will experience a lower time-integrated concentration than an ideally placed stationary collector. Quantitative results are determined for some idealized cases, and suggest that moving collectors may offer substantial advantages over stationary collectors.
Tissue distribution, excretion, and metabolism of 1,2,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the rat.

A tissue distribution, excretion, and metabolism study was conducted using a relatively non-toxic dioxin congener, i.e., 1,2,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1278-TCDD), to gain a better understanding of mammalian metabolism of dioxins. Conventional, bile duct cannulated, and germ free male rats were administered mg/kg quantities as a single oral dose. Elimination of 1278-TCDD was largely complete by 72 h. Distribution of [14C]1278-TCDD was low in all tissues examined. Metabolites were identified in urine, bile, and feces by negative ion FAB-MS and 1H-NMR, or GC/MS. The major fecal metabolite was a NIH-shifted hydroxylated TCDD. The bile contained a glucuronide conjugate of this hydroxy TCDD, and a diglucuronide conjugate of a dihydroxy-triCDD. The major metabolites in urine were glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of 4,5-dichlorocatechol.
Towards a standardized reference point indentation testing procedure.

Abstract We study the reference point indentation (RPI) technique which has a potential to directly measure mechanical properties of bone in patients. More specifically, we tested 6 month swine femoral cortical bone at mid-diaphysis region to investigate the effect of several testing variables on the RPI outputs. They include the force magnitude, preconditioning, variation within a sample and between samples, number of cycles, indentation surface (transverse versus longitudinal, polished versus unpolished), and micro-computed tomography radiation exposure. The force magnitude variation test shows that all RPI parameters increase linearly with the increasing force magnitude except the indentation distance increase which shows a cubic trend with a plateau for force magnitudes between 4 N and 8 N. Preconditioning does not affect the trends for a force magnitude variation test. The cycle variation test shows that most RPI parameters reach either a maximum or minimum at 15–20 cycles. Transverse surface measurements are more consistent than the longitudinal surface measurements, but a rough surface and periosteum on the longitudinal surface could account for this difference. Exposure to the micro-computed tomography radiation in general does not have effect on the RPI measurements. For the 6 month swine femoral cortical bone, testing using 6 N force and 20 cycles with preconditioning on an unpolished longitudinal surface is recommended. This study advances our knowledge on how the RPI testing variables influence the RPI outputs and provides guidance on the RPI measurements. It may also serve as a framework for developing a standardized testing procedure for the RPI technique.
Overexpression and Characterization of the Human Mitochondrial and Cytosolic Branched-chain Aminotransferases

We have developed overexpression systems for the human branched-chain aminotransferase isoenzymes. The enzymes function as dimers and have substrate specificity comparable with the rat enzymes. The human cytosolic enzyme appears to turn over 2–5 times faster than the mitochondrial enzyme, and there may be anion and cation effects on the kinetics of both enzymes. The two proteins demonstrate similar absorption profiles, and the far UV circular dichroism spectra show that no global structural changes occur when the proteins are converted from the pyridoxal to pyridoxamine form. On the other hand, the near UV circular dichroism spectra suggest differences in the local environment surrounding tyrosines within these proteins. Both enzymes require a reducing environment for maximal activity, but the mitochondrial enzyme can be inhibited by nickel ions in the presence of reducing agents, while the cytosolic enzyme is unaffected. Chemical denaturation profiles of the proteins show that there are differences in structural stability. Titration of -SH groups with 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) suggests that no disulfide bonds are present in the mitochondrial enzyme and that at least two disulfide bonds are present in the cytosolic enzyme. Two -SH groups are titrated in the native form of the mitochondrial enzyme, leading to complete inhibition of activity, while only one -SH group is titrated in the cytosolic enzyme with no effect on activity. Although these proteins share 58% identity in primary amino acid sequence, the local environment surrounding the active site appears unique for each isoenzyme.
Bloody Shankbones and Braided Bread: The Food Voice and the Fashioning of American Jewish Identities

American Jewish consensus on what constitutes a “good Jew” has faded in recent decades in the wake of American trends of declining communal authority and increasing emphasis on individual fashioning of religious and ethnic identities. Sociologists of American Jewry have begun to look at everyday activities to discover new configurations of Jewish belief and practice. In this study, food narratives are shown to be an important site for both the articulation and authentication of atypical Jewish identities. Two women respondents, taken from a larger interview study of American Jewry, use food stories as a vehicle to reject standards of proper Jewish attitudes and behavior and justify their differences from the norm. This study suggests that American Jewish foodways, usually studied as evidence of American acculturation or Jewish nostalgia, can also be fruitfully examined to better understand personalized Jewish identities.
Removal and recovery of mating receptors on flagella of Chlamydomonas reinhardi.

Abstract The initial stages of mating between gametes of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardi involves interactions between flagella of plus and minus gametes, expressed first as agglutination, then by pairing and cell wall lysis. In this paper we demonstrate that the initial step, agglutination, and the subsequent step, the release of carbohydrates, are both sensitive to trypsin treatment. Trypsinized cells recover their agglutinability in about 45 min. However, release of carbohydrates is delayed an additional hour. The two steps can also be differentiated with the antibiotics cycloheximide and actinomycin D added after trypsin treatment. Cycloheximide added to trypsinized cells inhibits recovery of both agglutinability and carbohydrates release. Actinomycin D, on the other hand, allows the recovery of agglutinability, but inhibits the recovery of carbohydrate release. The differences in rates of recovery and in sensitivity to cycloheximide and actinomycin D, lead us to conclude that different proteins of the flagellar surface are associated with the two early steps of mating.
Determination of Free Fatty Acids by Diphasic-Two Dimensional TLC-Fluorescence Spectrodensitometry

Abstract A sensitive method for the determination of fatty acids is presented. Free fatty acids (20pg-lμg), were first covalently reacted in a displacement reaction with a 70 μM solution of the fluorescent probe, 4-bromomethy 1–6, 7-dimethoxy-coumarin (Br- Mdmc) and the fluorescence-labelled fatty acid esters were separated in a diphasic-two dimensional high performance thin layer chromatographic system (diphasic-2D-TLC). This system consisted of a reversed phase C18 layer (2 × 10 cm) interfaced with a AgNO3-modified silica gel layer (10 × 10 cm). Aliquots of the reeaction mixture were streaked onto the C18 layer, and the plates developed in the first dimension using acetonitrile-acetone-methanol-water (60:20:10:10, v/v/v/v) (solvent 1) as the mobile phase. Development in this dimension gave separation based on the number of carbons. Following the first development, the plates were dried and the silica gel layer impregnated with a saturated solution of AgNO3 in methanol. The plates were then predeveloped ...
Precursors of hypertension in black compared to white medical students

Abstract Data were collected on 433 black medical students at Meharry Medical College (MMC) and 573 white medical students at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHMS) during the period of 1958 through 1965 consisting of baseline measurement of some possible precursors of hypertension. Similar methods were employed in both cohorts. Comparison as to prevalence and significance of hypertension precursors revealed the following: Black males had significantly higher casual and resting blood pressures than whites ( p p p There appears to be more blood pressure lability in blacks as indicated by higher mean SBP + DBP changes following the cold pressor test, and by mean pulse pressure level at peak exercise. The difference in blood pressure lability observed between blacks and whites in young adulthood may be one of the earliest identifiers of later differences in the incidence of hypertension. However, of even more importance is the difference in blood pressure levels between the two groups, though both are normotensive.
Utilization of Optimal Control Law to Size Grid-Level Flywheel Energy Storage

This paper presents a method for sizing grid-level flywheel energy storage systems using optimal control. This method allows the loss dynamics of the flywheel system to be incorporated into the sizing procedure, and allows data-driven trade studies to be performed which trade peak grid power requirements and flywheel storage capacity. A demonstration of the sizing methodology will be illustrated through a case study based on home consumption and solar generation data collected from the largest smart grid in Austin, Texas, USA.
Temperature difference spectra

Abstract The optical activity of a protein solution is very sensitive to changes in the protein configuration. Thus, the large increase in levorotation that commonly occurs when a protein solution is heated has been interpreted as the result of a protein unfolding process. A detailed study of the effects of temperature and urea on the unfolding of ribonuclease and lysozyme has just been completed in this laboratory. (Foss and Schellman 1959, Foss, submitted for publication.) While the optical activity of a protein is a sensitive measure of configurational changes it gives no direct information about what amino acid residues are participating in the unfolding. This paper is a preliminary report on some spectral measurements which clearly implicate some of the side chain chromophores in the heat induced unfolding process.
A John–Nirenberg type inequality for Qα(Rn)

Abstract The John–Nirenberg inequality characterizes functions in the space BMO in terms of the decay of the distribution function of their oscillations over a cube. In this paper we prove separate necessary and sufficient John–Nirenberg type inequalities for functions in the space Q α ( R n ) , introduced by Essen, Janson, Peng and Xiao, who conjectured a version of this inequality. Our results are a modified version of their conjecture, and we give a counterexample to show the necessity for this modification. The counterexample also shows that these necessary and sufficient conditions cannot be reconciled.
Prevention of diminished parasympathetic control of the heart in experimental heart failure.

Decreased synaptic transmission in parasympathetic ganglia contributes to abnormal parasympathetic function in heart failure (HF). Because nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChR) mediate synaptic transmiss...
MOISTURE DISTRIBUTION IN SPHERICAL FOODS IN MICROWAVE DRYING

Abstract Moisture distribution in spheres of potato (Solanum tuberosum) and yam (Dioscorea japonica) tubers during microwave drying was investigated. Moisture variation at various locations within the samples was experimentally determined for different drying times. A numerical simulation model was developed based on a modified form of Lambert's law for microwave penetration in spheres and on moisture transfer in both liquid and vapor phases. This model was used to study various factors influencing moisture distribution. Moisture profile during microwave drying was strongly influenced by non-uniform microwave energy distribution within the foods. The core moisture contents were lower than other parts of potato and yam spheres of the various sizes tested in this study (2.6 cm to 6.0 cm diameter). The sphere radius to microwave penetration ratio (2αro) was an important parameter affecting the moisture profile in spherical foods. For 2αro of less than 2.0, the moisture content in the center of potato and yam...
Implications of Using Dual Number Derivatives With a Numerical Solution

Dual number arithmetic is a well-known strategy for automatic differentiation of computer codes which gives exact derivatives, to the machine accuracy, of the computed quantities with respect to any of the involved variables. A common application of this concept in Computational Fluid Dynamics, or numerical modeling in general, is to assess the sensitivity of mathematical models to the model parameters. However, dual number arithmetic, in theory, finds the derivatives of the actual mathematical expressions evaluated by the computer code. Thus the sensitivity to a model parameter found by dual number automatic differentiation is essentially that of the combination of the actual mathematical equations, the numerical scheme and the grid used to solve the equations not just that of the model equations alone as implied by some studies. This aspect of the sensitivity analysis of numerical simulations using dual number auto derivation is explored in the current study. A simple one-dimensional advection diffusion equation is discretized using different schemes of finite volume method and the resulting systems of equations are solved numerically. Derivatives of the numerical solutions with respect to parameters are evaluated automatically using dual number automatic differentiation. In addition the derivatives are also estimated using finite differencing for comparison. The analytical solution was also found for the original PDE and derivatives of this solution are also computed analytically. It is shown that a mathematical model could potentially show different sensitivity to a model parameter depending on the numerical method employed to solve the equations and the grid resolution used. This distinction is important since such inter-dependence needs to be carefully addressed to avoid confusion when reporting the sensitivity of predictions to a model parameter using a computer code. A systematic assessment of numerical uncertainty in the sensitivities computed using automatic differentiation is presented.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Far-infrared spectroscopy of the troposphere (FIRST): sensor development and performance drivers

The radiative balance of the troposphere, and hence global climate, is dominated by the infrared absorption and emission of water vapor, particularly at far-infrared (far-IR) wavelengths from 15-50 μm. Water vapor is the principle absorber and emitter in this region. The distribution of water vapor and associated far-IR radiative forcings and feedbacks are widely recognized as major uncertainties in our understanding of current and the prediction of future climate. Cirrus clouds modulate the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) in the far-IR, and up to half of the OLR from the Earth occurs beyond 15.4 μm (650 cm -1 ). Current and planned operational and research satellites observe the mid-infrared to only about 15.4 μm, leaving space or airborne spectral measurement of the far-IR region unsupported. NASA is now developing the technology required to make regular far-IR measurements of the Earth’s atmosphere possible. Far InfraRed Spectroscopy of the Troposphere (FIRST) is being developed for NASA’s Instrument Incubator Program under the direction of the Langley Research Center. The objective of FIRST is to provide a balloon-based demonstration of the key technologies required for a space-based sensor. We discuss the FIRST Fourier transform spectrometer system (0.6 cm -1 unapodized resolution), along with radiometric calibration techniques in the spectral range from 10 to 100 μm (1000 to 100 cm -1 ). FIRST will incorporate a broad bandpass beamsplitter, a cooled (~180 K) high throughput optical system, and an image type detector system. The FIRST performance goal is a NEΔT of 0.2 K from 10 to 100 μm.
Survival Effect of Maximal Cytoreductive Surgery for Advanced Ovarian Carcinoma During the Platinum Era: A Meta-Analysis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the relative effect of percent maximal cytoreductive surgery and other prognostic variables on survival among cohorts of patients with advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-one cohorts of patients with stage III or IV ovarian carcinoma (6,885 patients) were identified from articles in MEDLINE (1989 through 1998). Linear regression models, with weighted correlation calculations, were used to assess the effects on log median survival time of the proportion of each cohort undergoing maximal cytoreduction, dose-intensity of the platinum compound administered, proportion of patients with stage IV disease, median age, and year of publication. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant positive correlation between percent maximal cytoreduction and log median survival time, and this correlation remained significant after controlling for all other variables (P < .001). Each 10% increase in maximal cytoreduction was associat...
Iodine Waste Forms: Calcium Aluminate Hydrate Analogues

Phase relations in the system 3CaO·AI2O3-CaSO4-CaI2-H2O in equilibrium with excess water were established by means of room temperature bottle hydration of various bulk chemistries in the system. Starting with end members ettringite (3CaO·Al2O3·3CaSO4·32H2O) and tetracalcium aluminate monosulfate-12-hydrate (3CaO·Al2O3-CaSO4-12H2O), iodine-substituted analogue phases were synthesized which containe increasingly greater percentages of iodine. The iodine-substituted ettringite was found to be unstable whereas the iodine-substituted monosulfate formed readily. SEM, wet chemistry, IR, and x-ray diffraction characterization of the latter phase suggest that its formula is 3CaO·Al2O3·Ca(IO3)2·2H2O. Cement pellets containing this “Afm” iodine-substituted phase were subjected to a modified MCC-1 static leach test. Although the normalized iodine leach rate was relatively high when compared with AgI encapsulated in portland Type III cement, this same leach rate was approximately equal to the rates that have been reported for Ba(IO3)2, Ca(IO3)2, and Hg(IO3)2 in portland cement. The normalized iodine leach rate obtained also was found to be roughly comparable to that given for I-sodalite in cement. Diffusion is indicated as the primary leach mechanism, becoming dominant after the first three days of leaching.
Design and commissioning of beam position monitors in the IUCF cooler injector synchrotron

IUCF is completing construction of the cooler injector synchrotron (CIS). A secondary emission profile monitor system (harp) is used for beam profile and emittance measurement. The harp design was patterned after a design used for many years at Fermilab. Two, non-interceptive, beam position monitor (BPM) systems have been built to facilitate and enable commissioning and operation. In the 7 MeV injection beamline, high input impedance front-end amps are used to detect the signal from 4-quadrant, electrostatic pickups. The beam in this area will average 200 /spl mu/A peak, with a pulse width of 100-200 /spl mu/s and repetition rate of up to 5 Hz. In the CIS ring, 4-quadrant, elliptically shaped electrostatic pickups are used for impedance matching to the beamline. An electric field modeling program was used to determine the parameters of the plates in the pickup. Logarithmic amplifiers are used to detect the beam in the CIS ring, providing a linear output and an extended range. A time of flight system is also discussed.
Elevated plasma nonesterified fatty acids are associated with deterioration of acute insulin response in IGT but not NGT

High concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) are a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians. In vitro and in vivo, chronic elevation of NEFA decreases glucose-stimulate...
Case cluster of pneumoconiosis at a coal slag processing facility

Background During an inspection by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) of a small coal slag processing plant with 12 current workers, four cases of pneumoconiosis were identified among former workers. Methods The OSHA investigation consisted of industrial hygiene sampling, a review of medical records, and case interviews. Results Some personal sampling measurements exceeded the OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for total dust exposures of 15 mg/m3, and the measured respirable silica exposure of 0.043 mg/m3, although below OSHA's current PEL for respirable dust containing silica, was above the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists' Threshold Limit Value (TLV). Chest x-rays for all four workers identified small opacities consistent with pneumoconiosis. Conclusion This is the first known report of lung disease in workers processing coal slag and raises concerns for workers exposed to coal slag dust. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:568–576, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Managing for extinction? Conflicting conservation objectives in a large marine reserve.

Establishment of the Papah¯ anaumoku¯ akea Marine National Monument (PMNM) in 2006 was heralded as a major advance for marine conservation. The PMNM is one of the largest no-take marine reserves in the world (36,207,439 hectares) and includes all of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Despite the protection, within its boundaries one of Hawaii’s most charismatic marine species, the endemic Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi), is declining towards extinction. In contrast, monk seal abundance is increasing in the largely unprotected Main Hawaiian Islands. High juvenile mortality in the NWHI has been identified as the demographic factor responsible for the population decline. The ecological drivers of the dynamic are unknown. We evaluate an intervention proposed by the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center within the PMNM in a situation in which there is little or no precedent of theory to support management decisions, and then examine the conflicting conservation mandates that pose challenges for monk seal conservation. Benefits of intervention include the potential to maintain subpopulations in the NWHI, and therefore preserve the metapopulation structure, and it will provide additional time for management agencies to continue studies to understand factors limiting population growth. If conditions inside the PMNM do not improve, however, juvenile seals will continue to experience poor survival and subpopulations in the NWHI will continue to decline in spite of intervention. The long-term success of any intervention requires the underlying ecological reason for the NWHI population decline, which is currently unclear. The failure of the PMNM to conserve endangered Hawaiian monk seals highlights conflicting goals of different conservation agendas, the need to understand ecosystem function and large-scale ecosystem interactions, and the necessity of adaptive management.