cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric energy transport to the Arctic 1979-2012

The Arctic troposphere has warmed faster than the global average over the last several decades. It was suggested that atmospheric northward energy transport (ANET) into the Arctic had contributed to tropospheric warming in the Arctic. Here we calculate ANET based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data from 1979 to 2012. During this period the zonally integrated energy flux into the Arctic has decreased rather than increased in all seasons. However, the trends are statistically insignificant except for the winter and annual mean fluxes. For the winter season, the transient eddy flux of energy increases over Greenland and the Greenland Sea and decreases over west-central Siberia (WCS). Trends in meridional wind variance and vorticity also indicate increasing transient eddy activity over Northern Canada, the Greenland Sea and the Norwegian Sea and decreasing activity over WCS. Inter-winter variations in local vorticity over the WCS are significantly anti-correlated with the Arctic climate. Keywords: climate dynamics, Arctic climate warming amplification (Publication fee: 6 November 2015) Citation: Tellus A 2015, 67, 25482, http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v67.25482
Different Country, Different Millennium, Different Technology: Same Subsidy, Same Result?

The total volume of wagering at a racetrack worldwide is important because it affects both racetrack and state (or provincial) revenues. State and provincial governments worldwide have subsidized racing in different ways, chiefly by means of the sire stakes, in which the government supports the industry by contributing to prize money for horses bred or foaled within the state's jurisdiction. Previous research has shown that this subsidy has little or no influence on the volume of wagering and that it amounts to a direct transfer from taxpayers to the breeding industry. Since the time of that research, though, the industry has undergone wrenching changes. Technology has permitted wagering online and offshore, racetracks transmit their races to other locations for betting purposes, and government restrictions on other forms of gambling have been relaxed, thereby increasing competition for the gamblers' business. Does the subsidy increase the volume of wagering more effectively today, or do the underlying economic principals continue to hold? The answer is that despite changes through time, location and technology, the economic result is the same. Using a proprietary database from a racetrack located outside the United States, I find that the state's subsidy to prizes has, if anything, a small negative effect on the total amount wagered, at least on the day the subsidized race occurs. I rule out that this traces to adverse information problems inherent in races for younger horses, which are the only type of race that is subsidized. I suggest some alternative ways that the state might justify the subsidy.
In Place/Out of Place: Geography, Ideology, and Transgression and The New American Ghetto

(1997). In Place/Out of Place: Geography, Ideology, and Transgression and The New American Ghetto. Journal of Architectural Education: Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 138-141.
A large-scale study of soft-errors on GPUs in the field

Parallelism provided by the GPU architecture has enabled domain scientists to simulate physical phenomena at a much faster rate and finer granularity than what was previously possible by CPU-based large-scale clusters. Architecture researchers have been investigating reliability characteristics of GPUs and innovating techniques to increase the reliability of these emerging computing devices. Such efforts are often guided by technology projections and simplistic scientific kernels, and performed using architectural simulators and modeling tools. Lack of large-scale field data impedes the effectiveness of such efforts. This study attempts to bridge this gap by presenting a large-scale field data analysis of GPU reliability. We characterize and quantify different kinds of soft-errors on the Titan supercomputer's GPU nodes. Our study uncovers several interesting and previously unknown insights about the characteristics and impact of soft-errors.
Emergent Polarity: Analyzing State-Formation and Power Politics

Neorealism focuses solely on how states maintain balance of power equilibria, neglecting the dynamic process by which these states consolidated their power. The present study evaluates neorealist propositions by bringing them to bear on both the emergence and the consolidation of the state system, asking not only why certain polarity structures maintain themselves but also why they emerge in the first place. To analyze this issue, I present a computer model that (1) provides an explicit spatial representation of the international system; (2) involves a large number of actors; (3) endogenizes the outer boundaries of these actors as well as the polarity structure of both the regional and global structure; and (4) endows these agents with a bounded and historically contingent decision scope. The simulation findings cast the neorealist arguments in a new, dynamic light. As expected by structural realists, unit-level factors play a subordinate role, but only under conditions of violent and persistent interstate competition. Contrary to what is usually believed, defensive technology and alliances are likely to lead to unipolarity rather than contribute to stability. The collapse of the regional balance in Renaissance Italy illustrates how the difference between regional and global alignments may undermine the systemic balance. Finally, I argue that these theoretical qualifications should discourage exaggerated faith in strategic laissez-faire in contemporary Eastern Europe.
Evolving uses of Lap Aroscopy in Children

As the technology evolves, the number of procedures that can be performed laparoscopically will continue to expand (Table 3). The impact on the field of pediatric surgery, which encompasses surgical oncology, gastrointestinal surgery, trauma, and gynecologic surgery, will be significant. There are several hurdles for the pediatric surgeon to overcome before beginning operative laparoscopy. The acquisition of the initial instrumentation is expensive, and the credentialing process may be time-consuming. And there remains a healthy suspicion on the part of many pediatric surgeons that these techniques represent a fad. We believe that operative laparoscopy has advantages and disadvantages. Some of the procedures require more time and are frequently tedious, thus trying the patience of the surgeon. It is difficult for experienced surgeons to subject themselves electively to the learning curve associated with a new procedure. While the benefits are mostly in the postoperative period, we believe exposure is vastly improved in obese patients. Patients appear to have less pain and postoperative ileus, and they may return to unrestricted activity sooner. We are still discovering which laparoscopic procedures can be done safely to the patient's advantage. Solving the dilemma of what procedures should be performed using laparoscopic techniques will require extensive experience and study, and minimally invasive surgery will be a subject of controversy and debate for many years. It is difficult to imagine that open cholecystectomy would once again become the standard. We predict that we will see a continued expansion in the types of procedures to be performed using minimal-access techniques. And in the future, we may have to justify our opening of a patient's abdomen when the procedure could have been performed laparoscopically, as is now the case for cholecystectomy in some areas of the country.
The Cephenniini of China. VI. New species and new records of Cephennodes Reitter from Hainan, Guangxi and Guangdong (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)

Five new Chinese species of Cephennodes (s. str.) are described: C. bicavatus sp. n. (Guangdong), C. pseudobos sp. n. (Guangxi), C. huapingensis sp. n. (Guangxi), C. elevatus sp. n. (Guangxi), and C. gaozhaianus sp. n. (Guangxi). Cephennodes qiongdaoanus Jaloszynski and C. capricornis Jaloszynski are recorded for new localities in the provinces of Guangxi and Hainan, respectively. Diagnostic characters of all hitherto known representatives of the Cephennodes taurus, Cephennodes bos and Cephennodes impressifrons species groups are compiled.
Tick‐Borne Relapsing Fever in Dogs

Background In the United States, Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever (TBRF) in dogs is caused by the spirochete bacteria Borrelia turicatae and Borrelia hermsii, transmitted by Ornithodoros spp. ticks. The hallmark diagnostic feature of this infection is the visualization of numerous spirochetes during standard blood smear examination. Although the course of spirochetemia has not been fully characterized in dogs, in humans infected with TBRF the episodes of spirochetemia and fever are intermittent. Objectives To describe TBRF in dogs by providing additional case reports and reviewing the disease in veterinary and human medicine. Animals Five cases of privately-owned dogs naturally infected with TBRF in Texas are reviewed. Methods Case series and literature review. Results All dogs were examined because of lethargy, inappetence, and pyrexia. Two dogs also had signs of neurologic disease. All dogs had thrombocytopenia and spirochetemia. All cases were administered tetracyclines orally. Platelet numbers improved and spirochetemia and pyrexia resolved in 4 out of 5 dogs, where follow-up information was available. Conclusion and Clinical Importance TBRF is likely underdiagnosed in veterinary medicine. In areas endemic to Ornithodoros spp. ticks, TBRF should be considered in dogs with thrombocytopenia. Examination of standard blood smears can provide a rapid and specific diagnosis of TBRF when spirochetes are observed.
Volumetric and fiber-tracing MRI methods for gray and white matter

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is capable of generating high-resolution brain images with fine anatomic detail and unique tissue contrasts that reveal structures that are not visible to the eye. Sharply defined gray- and white-matter interfaces allow for quantitative anatomic analysis that can be accurately performed with largely automated segmentation methods. In an analogous fashion, diffusion MRI in the brain provides structural information based on contrasts derived from the diffusivity of water in brain tissue, which can highlight the orientation of neuronal axons. Also using largely automated methods, diffusion MRI can be used to generate models of white-matter tracts throughout the brain, a method known as tractography, as well as characterize the microstructural integrity of neuronal axons. Tractographic analysis has helped to define connectivity in the brain that powerfully informs understanding of brain function, and, together with other diffusion metrics, is useful in evaluation of the normal and diseased brain. The quantitative methods of brain segmentation, tractography, and diffusion MRI extend MRI into a realm beyond visual inspection and provide otherwise unachievable sensitivity and specificity in the analysis of brain structure and function.
Treating Fasciotomy Wounds with Negative Pressure Wound Therapy with Instillation and Dwell Time (NPWTi-d).

Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is a serious complication of lower-extremity trauma caused by accidents or post-procedure complications. ACS is characterized by increased pressure within the compartment, resulting in reduced blood flow, tissue hypoxia, and tissue necrosis. Fasciotomies to relieve pressure and debridement of necrotic tissue comprise primary treatment. My purpose is to present initial experience using negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwell time (NPWTi-d)* to treat fasciotomy wounds in two patients. NPWTi-d provides automated, volumetric control of instilled topical wound solutions with a dwell time in combination with negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). Patient 1, a 33-year-old male injured in a motorcycle accident, developed ACS within 24 hours of hospitalization. Prior treatments included wet-to-dry dressings and NPWT†. In the latter course of treatment, NPWTi-d was applied; 40 ml of normal saline (NS) were instilled with a ten-minute dwell time, followed by four hours of NPWT at ‑125 mmHg. After five days of NPWTi‑d, granulation tissue covered the bone. Four days later, the patient was discharged home. The wound continued to improve and, at the last recorded visit, was completely closed. Patient 2, a 44-year-old male, developed right lower extremity ACS due to complications post cardiac surgery. NPWT was initiated in the hospital and continued post-discharge to a nursing home. The patient was readmitted to the hospital with a right leg wound infection that was surgically debrided. NPWTi-d was then applied; 60 ml of NS were instilled with a ten-minute dwell time, followed by 3.5 hours of NPWT at -125 mmHg. After ten days of NPWTi-d, granulation tissue covered the bone. In Patient 2, NPWTi-d improved the likelihood of healing in a malnourished patient who had been critically ill by promoting granulation tissue over exposed bone. The use of NPWTi-d with NS contributed to positive outcomes for both patients. *V.A.C. VeraFlo™ Therapy, †V.A.C.® Therapy (KCI, an Acelity company, San Antonio, TX).
Analysis of Emergency Department Length of Stay for Mental Health Patients at Ten Massachusetts Emergency Departments.

Study objective Prolonged boarding times in the emergency department (ED) disproportionately affect mental health patients, resulting in patient and provider dissatisfaction and increased patient morbidity and mortality. Our objective is to quantify the burden of mental health boarding and to elucidate the effect of insurance together with demographic, social, and comorbid factors on length of stay. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional observational study of 871 consecutive patients requiring an ED mental health evaluation at one of 10 unaffiliated Massachusetts hospitals. Demographics; insurance; length of stay; medical, psychiatric, and social history; and disposition data were collected. We evaluated the effect of these characteristics on boarding time. Results ED median length of stay varied greatly by disposition, driven primarily by ED boarding time. Admitted and transferred patients had longer delays than discharged patients (5.63, 9.32, and 1.23 hours, respectively). Medical clearance time (1.40 hours) composed only 10.5% of total ED length of stay and varied little by insurance. In our multivariate analyses, patients with Medicaid and the uninsured had significantly longer total lengths of stay and were more than twice as likely to remain in the ED for 24 hours or greater compared with privately insured patients. Conclusion Mental health patients in Massachusetts have lengthy ED visits, particularly those requiring inpatient admission. Boarding time accounts for the majority of total ED length of stay and varies by insurance, even when other factors known to affect ED length of stay are controlled. Efforts to improve timeliness of care for mental health emergencies should focus on reducing ED boarding and eliminating disparities in care by insurance status.
An Analysis of Trimming in Digital Social Networks.

The study of network sizes in digital social networks is a research question of significant interest. Here, we explore the phenomenon of trimming, which is the decrease in the size of one’s network, and analyze if the rules of social exchange theory – namely, status consistency and reciprocity- can affect trimming. To this end, we use a Hidden Markov Model to investigate the relationship between the frequency of interaction and one’s network size, in which we are able to control for the current size of one’s digital social network. We find that there are significant patterns in sharing tendencies in digital social networks. One is that users who do not share enough are the group that is most likely to be trimmed from a network. Another is that users prefer to have moderate sized networks, i.e. networks with 500 – 1000 friends and prefer friends with moderate sharing tendencies (sharing approximately once a week). We also find that one’s sharing preferences over time tend to align with moderate sharing.
Hop-by-hop Relay Selection strategy for multi-hop relay networks with imperfect CSI

A hop-by-hop relay selection (RS) strategy for multi-hop decode-and-forward cooperative relay networks referred to as Max-DS is proposed. In this method, RS in each stage is only based on the channel state information (CSI) to relays in the next stage. In each stage, relays that successfully receive and decode the message from the previous stage form the candidate set for relaying, and among them, the relay with the largest number of ‘good’ channels to the next stage is selected for retransmission. It is shown that the proposed method can be implemented in a distributed manner without the need for a central controller. The authors analyse the performance of the proposed method in terms of end-to-end outage probability in the case of imperfect CSI of which the case of perfect CSI is a special case. Numerical results are presented from analysis which closely match those obtained from simulation. The results are compared with those from several other RS strategies, and show significant improvements.
#Nature: postmodern narrative, place, and nature in Santa Barbara, CA

ABSTRACTWe conducted a mixed methods content analysis of posts on the social media network Instagram to investigate the role ideas of ‘nature’ play in the construction of place in Santa Barbara, California. Whereas narrative is instrumental to the construction of place, Instagram constitutes a paradigmatically postmodern form of narrative that has fundamentally changed both the process of place-making, and the types of places that result. Both these phenomena are observed in the specific context of Santa Barbara, where residents use references to nature, both rhetorically and materially, as markers of prestige or affluence. On Instagram, these references are pictures of trees, beaches, and sunsets. Santa Barbara has a reputation as progressive and environmentally conscious, and the local concept of place, as reflected in this study, is heavily tied to nature. The ‘nature’ that defines Santa Barbara, however, can be fundamentally anti-ecological, more closely tied to material wealth than legitimate concern...
Margin Requirement of Disaggregating the DWDM Transport System and Its Consequence on Application Economics

Disaggregation is proposed to reduce network costs and accelerate feature development. This paper evaluates the costs in regional and metro networks associated with disaggregation models, and describes the system design implications of each.
IDENTIFICATION OF POSTERIOR SEGMENT PATHOLOGY WITH EN FACE RETINAL IMAGING USING MULTICOLOR CONFOCAL SCANNING LASER OPHTHALMOSCOPY.

Purpose To assess posterior segment findings on multicolor confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy by correlation with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to quantify agreement between these imaging modalities. Methods Retrospective review of 159 eyes of 96 consecutive patients who underwent concurrent imaging with multicolor confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and SD-OCT. Positive percent agreement and negative percent agreement were calculated for each finding identified on infrared, green, blue, and multicolor reflectance images using SD-OCT as a comparator. Results Infrared reflectance best detected outer retinal and choroidal findings such as choroidal lesions, retinal pigment epithelium atrophy, peripapillary atrophy, and drusen (positive percent agreement 100, 92, 92, and 67%, respectively). Inner retinal changes including epiretinal membrane, lamellar macular hole, and inner retinal alterations were best detected on blue reflectance (positive percent agreement 94, 50, and 100%, respectively). Composite multicolor reflectance most effectively detected conditions with retinal elevation, including pigment epithelial detachment, intraretinal fluid, and subretinal fluid (positive percent agreement 65, 49, and 54%, respectively). Multicolor confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy detected intraretinal and subretinal hemorrhages, which were not detected on SD-OCT (negative percent agreement 87 and 97%, respectively). Conclusion Multicolor confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy is capable of identifying posterior segment pathology at various anatomical depths and may be a useful adjunct to SD-OCT for detecting or monitoring certain retinal conditions.
Scaling up successfully: Lessons from Kenya’s Tusome national literacy program

Many successful piloted programs fail when scaled up to a national level. In Kenya, which has a long history of particularly ineffective implementation after successful pilot programs, the Tusome national literacy program—which receives funding from the United States Agency for International Development—is a national-level scale-up of previous literacy and numeracy programs. We applied a scaling framework (Crouch and DeStefano in Doing reform differently: combining rigor and practicality in implementation and evaluation of system reforms. International development group working paper no. 2017-01, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, 2017. https://www.rti.org/publication/doing-reform-differently-combining-rigor-and-practicality-implementation-and-evaluation ) to examine whether Tusome’s implementation was rolled out in ways that would enable government structures and officers to respond effectively to the new program. We found that Tusome was able to clarify expectations for implementation and outcomes nationally using benchmarks for Kiswahili and English learning outcomes, and that these expectations were communicated all the way down to the school level. We noted that the essential program inputs were provided fairly consistently, across the nation. In addition, our analyses showed that Kenya developed functional, if simple, accountability and feedback mechanisms to track performance against benchmark expectations. We also established that the Tusome feedback data were utilized to encourage greater levels of instructional support within Kenya’s county level structures for education quality support. The results indicated that several of the key elements for successful scale-up were therefore put in place. However, we also discovered that Tusome failed to fully exploit the available classroom observational data to better target instructional support. In the context of this scaling framework, the Tusome literacy program’s external evaluation results showed program impacts of 0.6–1.0 standard deviations on English and Kiswahili learning outcomes. The program implemented a functional classroom observational feedback system through existing government systems, although usage of those systems varied widely across Kenya. Classroom visits, even if still falling short of the desired rate, were far more frequent, were focused on instructional quality, and included basic feedback and advice to teachers. These findings are promising with respect to the ability of countries facing quality problems to implement a coherent instructional reform through government systems at scale.
Molecularly imprinted artificial esterases with highly specific active sites and precisely installed catalytic groups

A difficult challenge in synthetic enzymes is the creation of substrate-selective active sites with accurately positioned catalytic groups. Covalent molecular imprinting in cross-linked micelles afforded such active sites in protein-sized, water-soluble nanoparticle catalysts. Our method allowed a systematic tuning of the distance of the catalytic group to the bound substrate. The catalysts displayed enzyme-like kinetics and easily distinguished substrates with subtle structural differences.
Next Generation Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Measurement Techniques

New wireless technology includes highly integrated, multiple-antenna arrays, making over-the-air (OTA) test and measurement a necessity. Industry and standards groups are facing challenges from the need for accurate, repeatable OTA measurements at both microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies. We focus on current and proposed approaches for characterizing wireless devices having integrated multiple-element arrays, including the use of reference fields in which the source chain is fully characterized. Such reference fields can be used to characterize receivers and, ultimately, to assess OTA test methods, eliminating ambiguities as to the origin of various impairments.
Nearest Keyword Set Search in Multi-Dimensional Datasets

Keyword-based search in text-rich multi-dimensional datasets facilitates many novel applications and tools. In this paper, we consider objects that are tagged with keywords and are embedded in a vector space. For these datasets, we study queries that ask for the tightest groups of points satisfying a given set of keywords. We propose a novel method called ProMiSH (Projection and Multi Scale Hashing) that uses random projection and hash-based index structures, and achieves high scalability and speedup. We present an exact and an approximate version of the algorithm. Our experimental results on real and synthetic datasets show that ProMiSH has up to 60 times of speedup over state-of-the-art tree-based techniques.
Immune checkpoint modulation: Tenets and implications in glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary central nervous system tumor, and despite advances made in traditional chemotherapy and radiation, it continues to carry a poor prognosis. The discovery of the profound immunosuppressive microenvironment created by GBM has given insight on the aggressiveness of this recalcitrant disease. This has led many to believe that immune therapy may yield the improvement in survival that the neuro-oncology community is seeking. In other cancers, the targeting of immune checkpoints has been the most promising immunotherapeutic strategy to date. Immune checkpoints modulate the function of the immune system by increasing or decreasing immune activity. Checkpoint inhibitors and more recently agonists target molecules that regulate immune response to increase immune function either directly or by removal of inhibitory signals. These molecules modulate immunity in the physiologic state to maintain homeostasis, but they are co-opted by cancer to avoid immune detection and attack. The use of checkpoint inhibition to improve cancer therapy has revolutionized the field of oncology, leading to unprecedented improvements in survival from many systemic malignancies. Utilizing PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov to compile published findings and ongoing trials, we review immune checkpoints and their modulators from bench to bedside over several decades. In this review, the discovery of different checkpoint molecules and the development of drugs used to target them are addressed. In addition, the current state of checkpoint inhibition in GBM, presenting completed and ongoing preclinical and clinical studies utilizing these therapies, is discussed. Finally, we conclude by reviewing the current limitations and potential future directions for the use of checkpoint blockade in the treatment of GBM.
Mimicking Human Behavior in Shared-Resource Computer Networks

Among the many challenges in computer network trace data collection is the automation, or mimicking, of human users in situations where humans-in-the-loop are either impracticable or not possible. While client-side human behavior has been automated in various static settings, autonomous clients which dynamically change their behavior as the environment changes may result in a more accurate representation of human behavior in captured network trace data, and thus may be better suited for problems in which humans-in-the-loop are important. In this work, we set out to create dynamic autonomous client-side behavioral models, which we call agents, that can interact with the network environment in much the same way that humans do, and are scalable in shared-resource environments, such as emulated computer networks. We show through multiple experiments and a web crawling case study on an emulated network that our agents can mimic interactive human behavior, and do so at scale.
0.13pW/Hz Ring VCO-Based Continuous-Time Read-Out ADC for Bio-Impedance Measurement

This brief presents a continuous-time ring voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-based second-order $\Delta \Sigma $ analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for bio-impedance measurement. The proposed ADC addresses several limitations of prior works which pre-dominantly use successive approximation register (SAR) ADC, such as kickback noise from sampling circuit and power hungry driver required to drive large sampling capacitance of SAR ADC. A current-reuse architecture is used to reduce power consumption and input-referred noise of the proposed ADC. The ADC is implemented in 65nm CMOS process and used for measuring amplitude and phase of a phantom which models skin impedance. A digital matched filter is used to extract amplitude and phase of the impedance of the phantom. The ADC measures amplitude with a maximum error of 2.8% and measures phase with a maximum error of 0.86° over a frequency range of 1-300 kHz. The ADC has a mean SNR of 67dB with a power efficiency of 0.13pW/Hz which is 9 $\times$ better than state-of-the-art.
Length unstable femoral fractures: A misnomer?

Flexible intramedullary nailing (FIMN) is relatively contraindicated for pediatric length unstable femoral fractures. To evaluate FIMN treatment outcomes for pediatric diaphyseal length unstable femoral fractures in patients aged 5 to 13 years. This retrospective study includes pediatric patients (age range 5-13 years) who received operative treatment for a diaphyseal femoral fracture at a single institution between 2013 and 2019. Length unstable femur fractures treated with FIMN were compared to treatment with other fixation methods [locked intramedullary nailing (IMN), submuscular plating (SMP), and external fixation] and to length stable fractures treated with FIMN. Exclusion criteria included patients who had an underlying predisposition for fractures (e.g., pathologic fractures or osteogenesis imperfecta), polytrauma necessitating intensive care unit care and/or extensive management of other injuries, incomplete records, or no follow-up visits. Patients who had a length stable femoral fracture treated with modalities other than FIMN were excluded as well. Ninety-five fractures from ninety-two patients were included in the study and consists of three groups. These three groups are length unstable fractures treated with FIMN (n = 21), length stable fractures treated with FIMN (n = 45), and length unstable fractures treated with either locked IMN, SMP, or external fixator (n = 29). P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Patient characteristic differences that were statistically significant between the groups, length unstable with FIMN and length unstable with locked IMN, SMP, or external fixator, were average age (7.4 years vs 9.3 years, respectively), estimated blood loss (29.2 mL vs 98 mL, respectively) and body mass (27.8 kg vs 35.1 kg, respectively). All other patient characteristic differences were statistically insignificant. Regarding complications, length unstable with FIMN had 9 total complications while length unstable with locked IMN, SMP, or external fixator had 10. Grouping these complications into minor or major, length unstable with locked IMN, SMP, or external fixator had 6 major complication while length unstable with FIMN had 0 major complications. This difference in major complications was statistically significant. Lastly, when comparing patient characteristics between the groups, length unstable with FIMN and length stable with FIMN, all characteristics were statistically similar except time to weight bearing (39 d vs 29 d respectively). When analyzing complication differences between these two groups (9 total complications, 0 major vs 20 total complications, 4 major), the complication rates were considered statistically similar. FIMN is effective for length unstable fractures, having a low rate of complications. FIMN is a suitable option for length stable and length unstable femur fractures alike.
Physical Equation Discovery Using Physics-Consistent Neural Network (PCNN) Under Incomplete Observability

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been extensively applied to various fields, including physical-system monitoring and control. However, the requirement of a high confidence level in physical systems made system operators hard to trust black-box type DNNs. For example, while DNN can perform well at both training data and testing data, but when the physical system changes its operation points at a completely different range, never appeared in the history records, DNN can fail. To open the black box as much as possible, we propose a Physics-Consistent Neural Network (PCNN) for physical systems with the following properties: (1) PCNN can be shrunk to physical equations for sub-areas with full observability, (2) PCNN reduces unobservable areas into some virtual nodes, leading to a reduced network. Thus, for such a network, PCNN can also represent its underlying physical equation via a specifically designed deep-shallow hierarchy, and (3) PCNN is theoretically proved that the shallow NN in the PCNN is convex with respect to physical variables, leading to a set of convex optimizations to seek for the physics-consistent initial guess for the PCNN. We also develop a physical rule-based approach for initial guesses, significantly shortening the searching time for large systems. Comprehensive experiments on diversified systems are implemented to illustrate the outstanding performance of our PCNN.
Depth Estimation of Non-line-of-sight Objects from Scattered Light Enhanced by the Infrared Light Field

We experimentally demonstrate depth estimation of human temperature NLOS objects from infrared light scattered off a construction wall. The measured IR light field is used to enhance the weak scattered signature and to perform depth estimation.
CLOSURE OF COMPARISON OF FOOTING VIBRATION TESTS WITH THEORY

SOLUTIONS PRESENTED BY HOUSNER AND CASTELLANI REPRESENT A BETTER SOLUTION TO THE IDEALIZED PROBLEM THAN DOES THE SOLUTION BY SUNG FOR VERTICAL MOTION OF A CIRCULAR FOOTING ON THE SURFACE OF THE ELASTIC HALF SPACE. THE USE OF THE WEIGHTED AVERAGE DISPLACEMENT IS TO BE PREFERRED OVER USE OF THE AVERAGE DISPLACEMENT AND EITHER OF THESE IS MORE REALISTIC THAN SUNG'S METHOD OF CONSIDERING THAT THE ENTIRE FOOTING UNDERGOES THE SAME DISPLACEMENT AS THE CENTER OF THE LOADED AREA. THE IMPROVED SOLUTIONS LEAD TO FLATTER RESPONSE CURVES WHICH ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER VALUES OF GEOMETRIC DAMPING. THE WRITERS BELIEVE THAT THE RESULTS OF MODEL FOOTING TESTS CONSIDERED IN THE PAPER SHOWED THE SAME TRENDS AS THOSE INDICATED BY THEORETICAL SOLUTIONS FOR CHANGES IN PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION ON THE CONTACT SURFACE. THE EFFECT OF CHANGES IN CONTACT PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION DO NOT CHANGE THE GENERAL CONCLUSIONS OF THE PAPER. THE ELASTIC HALF SPACE THEORY USING THE RIGID BASE PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION DOES GIVE REASONABLY ACCURATE PREDICTION FOR THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF PROTOTYPE FOOTINGS FOR MOTIONS WHICH ARE ACCEPTABLE IN PRACTICAL SITUATIONS. REFERENCES: COMPARISON OF FOOTING VIBRATION TESTS WITH THEORY, F. E. RICHART, JR., R. V. WHITMAN, ASCE PROCEEDINGS PAPER 5568, NOVEMBER, 1967.
Analytically Derived Unit Graph and Runoff

A technique has been programed to solve analytically for measures of precipitation excess and unit graph shape parameters. The optimization procedures achieved a very high degree of adjustment of the model to data, but the results were inconsistent. The paper describes the development of an objective fitting technique. A two-step fitting procedure was devised which substantially increased the objectivity of the fitting technique. The two shape parameters were first individually corrected by a univariate technique to near-optimum values. This reduced the effect of the higher-order partial derivatives with respect to the shape parameters. The simultaneous differential correction technique was then used to obtain corrections for both the shape parameters and the runoff parameters. While this two-step solution technique does not quite yield exact results, they are close enough to the desired values and can be obtained consistently from different starting points.
A Public-Key Encryption Scheme with Pseudo-random Ciphertexts

This work presents a practical public-key encryption scheme that offers security under adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack (CCA) and has pseudo-random ciphertexts, i.e. ciphertexts indistinguishable from random bit strings. Ciphertext pseudo-randomness has applications in steganography. The new scheme features short ciphertexts due to the use of elliptic curve cryptography, with ciphertext pseudo-randomness achieved through a new key encapsulation mechanism (KEM) based on elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman with a pair of elliptic curves where each curve is a twist of the other. The public-key encryption scheme resembles the hybrid DHIES construction; besides by using the new KEM, it differs from DHIES in that it uses an authenticate-then-encrypt (AtE) rather than encrypt-then-authenticate (EtA) approach for symmetric cryptography.
Abstract 13407: A Mouse Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) due to Chronic Infusion of a Low Subpressor Dose of Angiotensin II

Introduction: Heart failure with preserved ejection fracture (HFpEF) is a clinical syndrome of HF symptoms associated with impaired diastolic function. Although it represents approximately 50% of all patients with HF, the mechanisms of disease are poorly understood, animal models of HFpEF not due pressure overload are lacking, and therapies for HFpEF are generally ineffective. Hypothesis: A continuous infusion of low dose of angiotensin II (ATII) may be sufficient to induce changes in left ventricular (LV) diastolic function without increasing blood pressure nor induce LV hypertrophy. Methods: Osmotic pumps were implanted subcutaneously in 8 week-old CD1 male mice randomly assigned to the ATII (200 ng/kg/day) or vehicle (N=8/group). Transthoracic echocardiography was performed at baseline and 4 weeks to measure LV dimensions, systolic and diastolic function. Aortic systolic and diastolic pressures (AoP), LV peak systolic and end-diastolic pressures (LVPSP, LVEDP) were measured at LV catheterization. Fibro...
Treatment of coronary disease with angina by pericoronary neurectomy combined with ligation of the great cardiac vein; a case report.

Abstract A case of coronary disease with angina has been reported. Pericoronary neurectomy combined with ligation of the great cardiac vein was carried out six months ago. Since the operation the patient has shown much improvement, has had no pain, and has been able to work.
A domain at the C-terminus of PS1 is required for presenilinase and γ-secretase activities

The structural requirements for presenilin (PS) to produce active presenilinase and γ-secretase enzymes are poorly understood. Here we investigate the role the cytoplasmic C-terminal region of PS1 plays in PS1 activity. Deletion or addition of residues at the PS C-terminus has been reported to inhibit presenilinase endoproteolysis of PS and alter γ-secretase activity. In this study, we use a sensitive assay in PS1/2KO MEFs to define a domain at the extreme C-terminus of PS1 that is essential for both presenilinase and γ-secretase activities. Progressive deletion of the C-terminus demonstrated that removal of nine residues produces a PS1 molecule (458ST) that lacks both presenilinase processing and γ-secretase cleavage of Notch and APP substrates. In contrast, removal of four or five residues had no effect (462ST, 463ST), while intermediate truncations partially inhibited PS1 activity. The 458ST mutant was unable to replace endogenous wtPS1 in HEK293 cells. Although 458ST was able to form a γ-secretase complex, this complex was not matured, illustrated by mutant PS1 instability, lack of endoproteolysis, and little production of mature Nicastrin. These data indicate that the C-terminal end of PS1 is essential for Nicastrin trafficking and modification as well as the replacement of endogenous PS1 by PS1 transgenes.
Heat resistant polyamideimides, 3. Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of thermal and other properties†

Polyamideimides have long been known for their excellent heat resistance properties. This paper will report the synthesis of two new polyamideimides from 4,4′-bis-(3-carboxylphthalimidyl)biphenyl and/or 4,4′-bis-(3-chlorocarbonylphthalimidyl)biphenyl and two aromatic diamines by using solution polycondensation reaction at low temperature in polar organic solvents. The optimum conditions necessary for the polycondensation reaction have been studied. Characterization of polymers is done by elemental analysis, IR data, and viscosity measurements. The prepared polymers are partially soluble in electron donating organic solvents for example dimethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide, m-cresol etc. In addition to heat resistance properties of polymers, chemical stability towards acid and base and moisture absorption properties have been evaluated. Polyamidimide sind seit langem fur ihre ausgezeichnete Warmebestandigkeit bekannt. Es wird uber eine Synthese von zwei neuen Polyamidimiden aus 4,4′-bis-(3-Carboxylphthalimidyl)biphenyl bzw. 4,4′-bis-(3-Chlorcarbonylphthalimidyl)biphenyl und zwei aromatischen Diaminen durch Losungskondensation bei niedrigen Temperaturen in polaren organischen Losungsmitteln berichtet. Die optimalen Bedingungen fur die Polykondensation wurden untersucht. Die Charakterisierung der Polymeren erfolgte durch Elementaranalyse, IR-Spektroskopie und Viskositatsmessungen. Die hergestellten Polymeren sind teilweise loslich in elektronenspendenden organischen Losungsmitteln wie z. B. Dimethylformamid, Dimethylacetamid, m-Kresol usw. Zusatzlich zur Warmebestandigkeit wurde auch die Resistenz gegen Sauren und Basen sowie die Feuchtigkeitsabsorption bestimmt.
The Social Costs of Gender Nonconformity for Transgender Adults: Implications for Discrimination and Health

Research suggests that transgender people face high levels of discrimination in society, which may contribute to their disproportionate risk for poor health. However, little is known about whether gender nonconformity, as a visible marker of one's stigmatized status as a transgender individual, heightens trans people's experiences with discrimination and, in turn, their health. Using data from the largest survey of transgender adults in the United States, the National Transgender Discrimination Survey (N = 4,115), we examine the associations among gender nonconformity, transphobic discrimination, and health-harming behaviors (i.e., attempted suicide, drug/alcohol abuse, and smoking). The results suggest that gender nonconforming trans people face more discrimination and, in turn, are more likely to engage in health-harming behaviors than trans people who are gender conforming. Our findings highlight the important role of gender nonconformity in the social experiences and well-being of transgender people.
Analysis of the differential response of five annuals to elevated CO2 during growth.

In order to investigate the effects, without competition, of CO{sub 2} on germination, growth, physiological response, and reproduction, the authors focussed on co-occurring species that are prominent members of an annual community in Illinois. Five species of old field annual plants - Abutilon theophrasti (C{sub 3}), Amaranthus retroflexus (C{sub 4}), Ambrosia artemisiifolia (C{sub 3}), Chenopodium album (C{sub 3}), and Setaria faberii (C{sub 4}) - were grown for their entire life cycle as individuals at CO{sub 2} concentration of 350 {mu}L/O, 500 {mu}L/L, and 700 {mu}L/L. Emergence time, growth rate, shoot water status, photosynthesis, conductance, flowering time, nitrogen content, and biomass and reproductive biomass were measured. There was no detectable effect of enhanced CO{sub 2} on timing of emergency in any of the species. The three levels of carbon dioxide concentration were shown to produce varying effects on remaining quantities measured in the five different plants. Some of these differences were not statistically significant. The response of most characters had a significant species {times} CO{sub 2} interaction. However, this was not simply caused by the C{sub 3}/C{sub 4} dichotomy. Reproductive biomass (seed, fruits, and flowers) increased with increasing CO{sub 2} in Amaranthus (C{sub 4}) and in Chenopodium and Ambrosia (both C{submore » 3}), but there was no change in Setaria (C{sub 4}), and Abutilon (C{sub 3}) showed a peak at 500 {mu}L/L. Species of the same community differed in their response to CO{sub 2}, and these differences may help explain the outcome of competitive interactions among these species above ambient CO{sub 2} levels.« less
Representations of trigonometric Cherednik algebras of rank one in positive characteristic

Abstract In this paper, we classify the irreducible representations of the trigonometric Cherednik algebras of rank 1 in characteristic p > 0 . There are two cases. One is the “quantum” case, where “Planck’s constant” is nonzero and generic irreducible representations have dimension 2 p . In this case, smaller representations exist if and only if the “coupling constant” k is in F p ; namely, if k is an even integer such that 0 ≤ k ≤ p − 1 , then there exist irreducible representations of dimensions p − k and p + k , and if k is an odd integer such that 1 ≤ k ≤ p − 2 , then there exist irreducible representations of dimensions k and 2 p − k . The other case is the “classical” case, where “Planck’s constant” is zero and generic irreducible representations have dimension 2. In that case, one-dimensional representations exist if and only if the “coupling constant” k is zero.
Calsequestrin-Mediated Mechanism for Cellular Calcium Transient Alternans

Intracellular calcium transient alternans (CTA) has a recognized role in arrhythmogenesis, but its origin is not yet fully understood. Recent models of CTA are based on a steep relationship between calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and its calcium load before release. This mechanism alone, however, does not explain recent observations of CTA without diastolic SR calcium content alternations. In addition, nanoscopic imaging of calcium dynamics has revealed that the elementary calcium release units of the SR can become refractory independently of their local calcium content. Here we show using a new physiologically detailed mathematical model of calcium cycling that luminal gating of the calcium release channels (RyRs) mediated by the luminal buffer calsequestrin (CSQN) can cause CTA independently of the steepness of the release-load relationship. In this complementary mechanism, CTA is caused by a beat-to-beat alternation in the number of refractory RyR channels and can occur with or without diastolic SR calcium content alternans depending on pacing conditions and uptake dynamics. The model has unique features, in that it treats a realistic number of spatially distributed and diffusively coupled dyads, each one with a realistic number of RyR channels, and that luminal CSQN buffering and gating is incorporated based on experimental data that characterizes the effect of the conformational state of CSQN on its buffering properties. In addition to reproducing observed features of CTA, this multiscale model is able to describe recent experiments in which CSQN expression levels were genetically altered as well as to reproduce nanoscopic measurements of spark restitution properties. The ability to link microscopic properties of the calcium release units to whole cell behavior makes this model a powerful tool to investigate the arrhythmogenic role of abnormal calcium handling in many pathological settings.