cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alcohol advertising exposure and perceptions: Links with alcohol expectancies and intentions to drink or drinking in underaged youth and young adults

This study tests whether the impact of alcohol advertising exposure on intentions to drink and actual consumption is mediated by cognitive responses to advertising messages and positive expectancies about alcohol use. The model was tested using survey data of two important age cohorts, 15 to 20 years (n=608) and 21 to 29 years (n=612). The findings show that alcohol advertising was influential in shaping young people's attitudes and perceptions about alcohol advertising messages. The attitudes and perceptions predicted both positive expectancies and intentions to drink of those under the legal drinking age, but did not affect the young adults' expectancies and consumption. Positive expectancies were powerful predictors of intentions to drink and consumption for both groups. The effects of alcohol advertising on intentions to drink of those aged 15 to 20 years were mediated by cognitive responses to advertising messages and positive expectancies. The mediation effect was not evident among those between 21 and 29 years.
The FEPC and the legacy of the labor-based Civil Rights Movement of the 1940s

The Labor Movement and the Civil Rights Movement are often seen as two distinct movements for social justice. During the Second World War, however, this was not the case, as many activists and leaders argued that civil rights advances would enhance the egalitarian premise of the Labor Movement and as increased opportunities in employment seemed the best way to advance civil rights. These two movements came together to fight for the perpetuation of the wartime Fair Employment Practice Committee (FEPC), which had been initially spurred on by the great labor leader A. Philip Randolph. During and after the war, when Northern business interests and Southern segregationists threatened the existence of the FEPC, the cause for civil rights and economic justice led to the formation of a dynamic coalition of civil rights liberals, including advocates from religious, labor, civic and civil rights organizations. This article explores the contentious relationships within the coalition and how the fight for a permanent...
Radiological features of Paget disease of bone associated with VCP myopathy

Mutations in the Valosin-containing protein (VCP) gene cause a unique disorder characterized by classic Paget disease of bone (PDB), inclusion body myopathy, and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD). Our objective was to analyze the radiographic features of PDB associated with VCP mutations since there is a dearth of literature on the PDB component of VCP disease. Radiographic bone surveys were examined in 23 individuals with VCP mutation and compared with their unaffected relatives. Laboratory testing relevant for VCP disease was performed in all individuals. Of the 17 affected individuals with clinical manifestations of VCP disease, 16 of whom had myopathy, radiographic analysis revealed classic PDB in 11 individuals (65%). The mean age of diagnosis for myopathy was 43.8 years and for PDB was 38.1 years of age. Radiological evidence of PDB was seen in one individual (16%) amongst six clinically asymptomatic VCP mutation carriers. Alkaline phosphatase was a useful marker for diagnosing PDB in VCP disease. Radiographic findings of classic PDB are seen in 52% of individuals carrying VCP mutations at a significantly younger age than conventional PDB. Screening for PDB is warranted in at-risk individuals because of the benefit of early treatment with the new powerful bisphosphonates that hold the potential for prevention of disease.
Obervation of Λ-doubling and Zeeman splitting in the fundamental infrared absorption band of nitric oxide

Abstract A high resolution infrared study of the R( 15 2 ) vibration-rotation transition in 14N16O has been performed using a narrow linewidth (≈ 1 MHz) tunable PbSSe semiconductor laser. Small splittings due to Λ-type doubling and the Zeeman effect have been fully resolved (resolution ≈a 5 × 107), limited only the Doppler width in the low pressure gas.
The short-run and long-run benefits of environmental improvement

Abstract The social value of a nonmarginal improvement to amentities is not related to hedonic prices in a simple way. Furthermore, hedonic price data do not completely reveal preferences. In order to evaluate short-run benefits of an improvement, the rate of change of the hedonic price function must be normalized by a ratio of population densities. To calculate long-run benefits of the improvement one must calculate the responsiveness of population densities to the nonmarginal improvement. A technique to do so is suggested.
Neovascularization during healing of wounds treated with dermal substitutes and fibrin glue in nude mice

Abstract Introduction: Dermal substitutes implanted into full-thickness skin wounds reduce wound contracture and improve cosmesis. These improvements depend upon optimal dermal vascularization. We hypothesized that dermal substitutes having native dermal composition would achieve such neovascularization more rapidly than synthetic dermal substitutes. We studied neovascularization in immunostained skin biopsies taken at weekly intervals from nude mice that had been implanted with different dermal substitutes and evaluated blood vessel ingrowth. Methods: Dermal matrices were implanted in full-thickness skin wounds on nude mice followed by fibrin glue (FG) with human keratinocytes (KC) Groups were: Integra, Alloderm, acellular dermal matrix (ADM), Dermalogen, Dermagraft, KCs + FG only, and FG only. Biopsies were performed weekly for 4 weeks. Immunostaining was performed for laminin and endoglin. Vessel counts were performed on immunostained sections in the superficial and deep dermis, in three regions: wound center, wound margin, and unwounded dermis. Results: The amount of vascularity in fully healed dermis was the same as that in unwounded dermis. However, extensive vascularity was seen at all time points in implanted Dermagraft and Dermalogen. Alloderm showed limited vascularity within 2 weeks post-op but this normalized by day 28. ADM and Integra showed rapid but controlled ingrowth of vessels from both the wound base and margins. Conclusions: We conclude that Dermagraft and Dermalogen underwent extensive granulation, whereas Alloderm underwent delayed vascularization. Alloderm, Integra, and ADM underwent progressive vessel ingrowth that was conducive to dermal regeneration and reepithelialization.
Silicon immersion grating spectrograph design for the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility

We present a conceptual design for an innovative infrared cross-dispersed spectrograph for the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) at Mauna Kea. This facility-class instrument will provide a resolving power of up to 80,000 at 1.2-2.5 μm and 67,000 at 3-5 μm with a minimum slit width of 0.25". The instrument employs a silicon immersion grating in order to reduce the size of the instrument. The design incorporates a 2048×2048 infrared array for the spectrograph and an infrared slit viewer. The optical design is optimized for the thermal infrared (2.8-5.5 μm).
Transcriptional regulation of connexin 43 expression by retinoids and carotenoids: Similarities and differences

Gap junctions, connexons, are formed by assembly of trans-membrane connexin proteins and have multiple functions including the coordination of cell responses. Most human tumors are deficient in gap junctional communication (GJC) and restoration of GJC by forced expression of connexins reduces indices of neoplasia. Expression of connexin 43 (Cx43), the most widely-expressed connexin family member, is upregulated by cancer-preventive retinoids and carotenoids in normal and preneoplastic cells; an action considered of mechanistic significance. However, the molecular mechanism for upregulated expression is poorly understood. The retinoic acid receptor antagonist Ro 41-5253 was capable of suppressing retinoid-induction Cx43 luciferase reporter construct in F9 cells, but did not suppress reporter activity induced by the non-pro-vitamin A carotenoids astaxanthin or lycopene, indicating that retinoids have separate mechanisms of gene activation than non-pro-vitamin A carotenoids. Neither class of compound required protein synthesis for induction of Cx43 mRNA, nor was the 5.0 h half-life of Cx43 mRNA altered, indicating direct transcriptional activation. The responsive region was found within -158 bp and +209 bp of the transcription start site; this contains a Sp1/Sp3 GC-box to which Sp1 and Sp3 were bound, as revealed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), but no retinoic acid response element (RARE). Site directed mutagenesis of this GC-box resulted in increased basal levels of transcription and loss of responsiveness to a synthetic retinoid. In this construct astaxanthin and lycopene produced marginally, but not significantly higher, reporter activity than the control.
Upper -extremity musculoskeletal symptoms and physical health related quality of life among women employed in poultry processing and other low -wage jobs in Northeastern North Carolina†

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between upper -extremity musculoskeletal symptoms (MS ) and diminished physical health related quality of life (PHRQoL ) in a population of women, mostly African -American working in poultry processing and other low -wage jobs in rural northeastern North Carolina. Methods A cross -sectional analysis was performed on baseline data of self -reported PHRQoL and musculoskeletal symptoms for 291 poultry processing workers and 299 community comparison women. Logarithmic binomial regression was performed to assess the relationship between moderate to severe MS on low PHRQoL. Results Prevalence of poor PHRQoL was 35.5 % among poultry processing workers, and 14.7 % among community comparison group. Moderate to severe upper -extremity musculoskeletal symptoms were present in 34.4 % of the poultry workers and 10.7 % of the comparison group. After adjusting for age and other chronic conditions, moderate to severe musculoskeletal symptoms were associated with low PHRQoL in both groups. Although the observed effect was stronger among the comparison group (adjusted prevalence ratios (95 % confidence interval ): poultry workers = 1.89 (1.36, 2.64 ), community comparison = 4.26 (2.51, 7.24 ), the population attributable risk percent was similar (poultry workers = 28.9, community comparison = 31.3 % ) ) due to the higher prevalence of moderate to severe symptoms in the poultry workers. Conclusions Significant upper-extremity musculoskeletal symptoms were associated with poor PHRQoL among both groups of women employed in low -wage jobs. Nationwide, poultry work is over -represented by minorities and immigrants. Though challenging, we need to search for ways to improve the conditions of these women as a matter of social justice. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:331–340, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Cancer cell-specific internalizing ligands from phage displayed β-lactamase-peptide fusion libraries

The present study was focused on identifying cancer cell-specific internalizing ligands using a new kind of phage display library in which the linear or cysteine-constrained random peptides were at amino-terminus fusion to catalytically active P99 β-lactamase molecules. The size and quality of libraries were comparable to other reported phage display systems. Several cancer cell-specific binding and internalizing β-lactamase-peptide fusion ligands were isolated by selecting these libraries on the live BT-474 human breast cancer cells. The identified ligands shared several significant motifs, which showed their selectivity and possible binding to some common cancer cell targets. The β-lactamase fusion made the whole process of clone screening efficient and simple. The ligands selected from such libraries do not require peptide synthesis and modifications, and can be used directly for applications that require ligand tracking. In addition, the selected β-lactamase-peptide ligands have a potential for their direct use in targeted enzyme prodrug therapy. The cancer-specific peptides can also be adopted for other kinds of targeted delivery protocols requiring cell-specific affinity reagents. This is first report on the selection of cell-internalized enzyme conjugates using phage display technology, which opens the possibility for new fusion libraries with other relevant enzymes.
Comparing Short- and Long-Term Learning Effects between Stereoscopic and Two-Dimensional Film at a Planetarium.

Science centers such as museums and planetariums have used stereoscopic (“three-dimensional”) films to draw interest from and educate their visitors for decades. Despite the fact that most adults who are finished with their formal education get their science knowledge from such free-choice learning settings very little is known about the effect of stereoscopic film presentation on their science learning. We explored this issue by designing a quasi-experimental field trial with a short film about the shape of the Milky Way galaxy. The film was produced based on a set of stereoscopic design principles derived from spatial cognition and cognitive load literature with the goal of lowering the audience's extraneous cognitive load. The film was randomly shown in either two-dimensional (2D) or stereoscopic format to 498 adults who visited a large, urban planetarium. To investigate the extent of audience's change related to galaxy-related spatial concepts, an identical set of questions was asked on iPads before and after the film was shown. A delayed posttest was given to 123 of those adults approximately 6 months later. Test performances were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of covariances (ANCOVAs) with demographic and spatial visualization ability measures as covariates. Results show identical short-term learning gains in both the 2D and stereoscopic groups. However, only the stereoscopic group exhibited long-term learning gains. Findings were interpreted through the lenses of cognitive load theory and the limited capacity model of mediated message processing.
Closed-form delay and slew metrics made easy

For optimizations like physical synthesis and static timing analysis, efficient interconnect delay and slew computation is critical. Since one cannot often afford to run asymptotic waveform evaluation (Pillage and Rohrer, 1990), constant time solutions are required. This work presents the first complete solution to closed-form formulas for both delay and also for slew. Our metrics are derived from matching circuit moments to the lognormal distribution. From a single table, one can easily implement the metrics for delay and slew for both step and ramp inputs. Experiments validate the effectiveness of the metrics for nets from a real industrial design.
Third‐Person Effects and the Environment: Social Distance, Social Desirability, and Presumed Behavior

Previous research has documented third-person effects (persons presuming that others will be more susceptible to media effects than they themselves are) and explored moderators such as social desirability (the effect reverses when the media effects are undesirable) and social distance (the effect increases as the social distance from the self increases). In a study of environmental news coverage, the authors observed the general third-person effect and the moderating role of social desirability; however, they also found that social distance affected presumed influence in complex ways reflecting varying perceptions of issue relevance for the comparison groups. A new variable, presumed behavior (the presumed effect of media coverage on others' behavior), was found to be independent of presumed influence and to offer improved prediction of perceivers' behavioral intentions.
Comparison of Some One-, Two- And Three-Component Systems for Similarity To Meat Flavor Using Surface Response Methodology

The contribution of some compounds previously identified in the flavor volatiles from cooked beef was estimated by surface response methodology. In most cases, predicted maximum scores for mixtures were higher than scores predicted for single compounds tested alone. Synergistic and/or synosmic effects were often indicated since mixtures frequently gave much higher scores. Predicted scores for four out of eight compounds tested were not significantly different from actual mean scores. This indicated the usefulness of the method for predicting optimal combinations of meat flavor components. The best three-component mixture consisted of 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, furfural, and 1-butanol, which gave a score of 7.54, moderately resembling meat aroma.
Horizontal lightning propagation, preliminary breakdown, and electric potential in New Mexico thunderstorms

[1] Characteristics of lightning flashes in three storms are compared to simultaneous electric field (E) measurements at various altitudes to examine three hypotheses. The first is the idea that horizontal lightning branches propagate at altitudes near potential extrema (or wells). The analyses show that horizontal lightning activity and potential extrema are coincident in time and altitude, and so are consistent with the idea that lightning moves charges into potential wells as a means of using a storm's electrostatic energy to drive a lightning flash's dielectric breakdown processes. Second, these data are used to verify the usual interpretation of breakdown polarity of lightning radiation sources detected by the Lightning Mapping Array. The third hypothesis investigated is that normal cloud-to-ground flashes have a period of preliminary breakdown if and only if a potential well for negative charge exists between the altitudes of flash initiation and ground. The analyses show that in 14 flashes when a low-level well was indicated, the period of preliminary breakdown before the first return stroke lasted an average of 117 ms, considerably longer than the average lifetime of a stepped leader. In 15 flashes in which no low-level well was indicated, the time between initiation and first return stroke averaged 15 ms.
Token tenure: PATCHing token counting using directory-based cache coherence

Traditional coherence protocols present a set of difficult tradeoffs: the reliance of snoopy protocols on broadcast and ordered interconnects limits their scalability, while directory protocols incur a performance penalty on sharing misses due to indirection. This work introduces PATCH (Predictive/Adaptive Token Counting Hybrid), a coherence protocol that provides the scalability of directory protocols while opportunistically sending direct requests to reduce sharing latency. PATCH extends a standard directory protocol to track tokens and use token counting rules for enforcing coherence permissions. Token counting allows PATCH to support direct requests on an unordered interconnect, while a mechanism called token tenure uses local processor timeouts and the directorypsilas per-block point of ordering at the home node to guarantee forward progress without relying on broadcast. PATCH makes three main contributions. First, PATCH introduces token tenure, which provides broadcast-free forward progress for token counting protocols. Second, PATCH deprioritizes best-effort direct requests to match or exceed the performance of directory protocols without restricting scalability. Finally, PATCH provides greater scalability than directory protocols when using inexact encodings of sharers because only processors holding tokens need to acknowledge requests. Overall, PATCH is a ldquoone-size-fits-allrdquo coherence protocol that dynamically adapts to work well for small systems, large systems, and anywhere in between.
How Did Venus Lose Its Angular Momentum

Venus now has a retrograde and negligible spin, but it very likely started with a typical planetary spin: prograde and with a 10- to 20-hour period. The usually assumed mechanism of solar tidal friction is quite insufficient to remove this angular momentum. Instead, we postulate capture of a moonlike object from an initially retrograde orbit: it would despin Venus and suddenly transform the planet's rotational kinetic energy into internal heat, which would lead to volcanism and the liberation of large amounts of volatiles. The moon would disappear by crashing into the surface of Venus.
A Prospective, Randomized Evaluation of Arthroscopic Stabilization Versus Nonoperative Treatment in Patients with Acute, Traumatic, First-Time Shoulder Dislocations

Background: Nonoperative treatment of traumatic shoulder dislocations leads to a high rate of recurrent dislocations.Hypothesis: Early arthroscopic treatment for shoulder dislocation will result in a lower recurrence rate than nonoperative treatment.Study Design: Prospective, randomized clinical trial.Methods: Two groups of patients were studied to compare nonoperative treatment with arthroscopic Bankart repair for acute, traumatic shoulder dislocations in young athletes. Fourteen nonoperatively treated patients underwent 4 weeks of immobilization followed by a supervised rehabilitation program. Ten operatively treated patients underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair with a bioabsorbable tack followed by the same rehabilitation protocol as the nonoperatively treated patients. The average follow-up was 36 months.Results: Three patients were lost to follow-up. Twelve nonoperatively treated patients remained for follow-up. Nine of these (75%) developed recurrent instability. Six of the nine have required subse...
Funktionen der doppelten und halben Winkel

Setzt man in den Formeln des vorhergehenden Paragraphen an die Stelle von β den Wert α bzw. fur α und β \({\text{je}}\frac{\alpha } {2} \), so erhalt man
Stochastic models for semantic parsing, multi-faceted topic discovery, and causal event inference: Perspectives from natural language processing

In this talk I will address three important problems in Natural Language Processing with direct relevance to Image Understanding: Semantic Parsing, Multi-Faceted Topic Discovery, and Causal Event Inference.
Compositional evolution of tourmaline-supergroup minerals from granitic pegmatites in the Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica

In the Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, East Antarctica, granulite-facies metasedimentary units containing tourmaline, prismatine and grandidierite are cut by three generations (D 2 , D 3 and D 4 ) of granitic pegmatites, several of which are also unusually enriched in B-rich phases, including tourmaline (schorl – dravite – foitite solid solutions), prismatine, grandidierite, werdingite, boralsilite and dumortierite. Tourmaline can be used to gain information about the crystallization history of the pegmatites. Six microstructural varieties of tourmaline have been recognized: 1) primary tourmaline in a graphic intergrowth with quartz, 2) tourmaline overgrowths on tourmaline in the graphic intergrowth, 3) prisms of tourmaline with oscillatory zoning, 4) tourmaline that has replaced boralsilite, 5) tourmaline that has replaced prismatine, and 6) chaotically zoned tourmaline. Tourmaline compositions evolved as crystallization proceeded in the D 2 and D 3 pegmatites (considered together) and in the D 4 pegmatites, resulting in an increase in X -site vacancy, a decrease in Ti and F contents, an increase in Al at the ( Y + Z ) sites, and a decrease in the ratio Mg/(Mg + Fe). The first three changes are consistent with decreasing temperature. However, oscillatory zoning is characteristic of open systems, where there had been a mixing from different chemical sources; we consider it more likely that X -site vacancy and F content varied as a function of fluid composition rather than temperature per se. On the basis of the compositional variation and microstructural relations and comparison with the retrograde path inferred for the host rocks, we suggest that the pegmatites evolved as temperatures decreased from 700–750°C, 3–4.5 kbar when the graphic tourmaline + quartz crystallized, through 600–700°C, 3–4 kbar, the stability range considered appropriate for boralsilite, to below 600°C at~3 kbar for secondary tourmaline and dumortierite, conditions consistent with the presence of secondary andalusite.
False alarm control using ambiguous velocity

A novel technique for rejecting clutter residues is proposed. The technique uses maximum-likelihood estimates of the target Doppler and target amplitude generated from consecutive pulses out of an MTI (moving target indicator). Multiple estimates are made and consistency checks are applied to the estimates. Simulation results indicate that for large clutter-to-noise ratios (>or=55 dB) the probability of false alarm from clutter residues is reduced from 1.0 to below 0.01. >
Fluorescence dynamics in plasmonic core-shell nanoparticles

We investigate the fluorescence properties of dye molecules embedded in core-shell plasmonic nanoparticles. The absorption and emission dynamics of the dyes may be modified by engineering the plasmonic resonance of the core-shell structure.
A concerted, alternating sites mechanism of ubiquinol oxidation by the dimeric cytochrome bc1 complex

Abstract A refinement of the protonmotive Q cycle mechanism is proposed in which oxidation of ubiquinol is a concerted reaction and occurs by an alternating, half-of-the-sites mechanism. A concerted mechanism of ubiquinol oxidation is inferred from the finding that there is reciprocal control between the high potential and low potential redox components involved in ubiquinol oxidation. The potential of the Rieske iron–sulfur protein controls the rate of reduction of the b cytochromes, and the potential of the b cytochromes controls the rate of reduction of the Rieske protein and cytochrome c 1 . A concerted mechanism of ubiquinol oxidation reconciles the findings that the ubiquinol–cytochrome c reductase kinetics of the bc 1 complex include both a pH dependence and a dependence on Rieske iron–sulfur protein midpoint potential. An alternating, half-of-the-sites mechanism for ubiquinol oxidation is inferred from the finding that some inhibitory analogs of ubiquinol that block ubiquinol oxidation by binding to the ubiquinol oxidation site in the bc 1 complex inhibit the yeast enzyme with a stoichiometry of 0.5 per bc 1 complex. One molecule of inhibitor is sufficient to fully inhibit the dimeric enzyme, and the binding is anti-cooperative, in that a second molecule of inhibitor binds with much lower affinity to a dimer in which an inhibitor molecule is already bound. An alternating, half-of-the-sites mechanism implies that, at least under some conditions, only half of the sites in the dimeric enzyme are reactive at any one time. This provides a raison d'etre for the dimeric structure of the enzyme, in that bc 1 activity may be regulated and capable of switching between a half-of-the-sites active and a fully active enzyme.
Health literacy and 30-day hospital readmission after acute myocardial infarction.

Objective To assess the validity of a predictive model of health literacy, and to examine the relationship between derived health literacy estimates and 30-day hospital readmissions for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting and participants A National Institute of Aging (NIA) study cohort of 696 adult, English-speaking primary care patients, aged 55–74 years, was used to assess the validity of derived health literacy estimates. Claims from 7733 Medicare beneficiaries hospitalised for AMI in 2008 in North Carolina and Illinois were used to investigate the association between health literacy estimates and 30-day hospital readmissions. Measures The NIA cohort was administered 3 common health literacy assessments (Newest Vital Sign, Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults, and Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine). Health literacy estimates at the census block group level were derived via a predictive model. 30-day readmissions were measured from Medicare claims data using a validated algorithm. Results Fair agreement was found between derived estimates and in-person literacy assessments (Pearson Correlation coefficients: 0.38–0.51; κ scores: 0.38–0.40). Medicare enrollees with above basic literacy according to derived health literacy estimates had an 18% lower risk of a 30-day readmission (RR=0.82, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.92) and 21% lower incidence rate of 30-day readmission (IRR=0.79, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.87) than patients with basic or below basic literacy. After adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics, the risk of 30-day readmission was 12% lower (p=0.03), and the incidence rate 16% lower (p Conclusions Health literacy, as measured by a predictive model, was found to be a significant, independent predictor of 30-day readmissions. As a modifiable risk factor with evidence-based solutions, health literacy should be considered in readmission reduction efforts.
Development of a Gasification System for Utilizing Fish Processing Waste and Coastal Small Diameter Wood in Rural Areas

Many small rural communities lack the infrastructure and demands of urban areas and find themselves constrained by fuel and energy limitations. Researching gasification processes that can be used by these communities can play a significant role in making them sustainable by reducing their environmental and economic impact through the use of locally available resources. This research focuses on developing a methodology and process to gasify a unique waste stream composed of salmon fishery wastes and small diameter alder, by taking a low-cost practical approach to create a system that could be locally sustainable and support existing infrastructure and heating needs. The waste stream was successfully processed and then gasified in a small-scale downdraft gasifier. Various combinations of feedstock mixtures and gasification conditions were determined using a response surface model and then trialed. The results showed a distinct set of optimal conditions and suggested that utilization of salmon processing waste in a downdraft fixed bed gasifier is feasible and could potentially generate a new function for this waste.
Support Vector Machine Based Identification of Pipeline Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing Signal

Based on the signal feature analysis,support vector machine is applied,and how to choose the characteristic parameters,training data,kernel function and algorithm,which combine qualitative identification and quantitative analysis effectively.On the condition of limited sample data,the best identification result can be obtained.
The Research of Diverse Modes of School-Enterprise Cooperation

By different methods of classification,the modes of school-enterprise cooperation are diversified.Each school-enterprise cooperation model should have its own specific meaning,determinate content,integrate form and representativeness,on this basis,the modes of school-enterprise cooperation include 10 kinds of modes which are the mode of introducing enterprises to school,of investing to enterprises,of school-enterprise entity,and of the cooperation of school-enterprise etc.
Ectopeptidases of alveolar epithelium: candidates for roles in alveolar regulatory mechanisms

This commentary discusses the implications of recent observations indicating that at least one, and probably three, ectopeptidases are exhibited on the surface of alveolar epithelial cells. The unique biological feature of the ectopeptidases is that they are expressed on the surface of only selected cell types and at specific stages in the differentiation of those cells. Consequently they are positioned to exert their enzymatic activity in a very restricted locale. Drawing from information derived from studies of this activity on other cells, we develop the proposition that the ectopeptidases on alveolar epithelial cells regulate the biological activity of peptides encountered at this site. These may be peptides produced by the alveolar epithelial cells or cytokines that have the potential of influencing the alveolar cells. Awareness that these ectopeptidases are expressed on the luminal surface of these cells thus opens heretofore unrecognized avenues of investigation.
Athletic Training Services During Daily Patient Encounters: A Report From the Athletic Training Practice-Based Research Network

Context: Athletic training services such as taping, wrapping, and stretching are common during routine care but rarely captured in traditional patient documentation. These clinical data are vital w...
Event Nugget Detection and Argument Extraction with DISCERN

This paper addresses the problem of detecting information about events from unstructured text. An event-detection system, DISCERN, is presented; its three variants DISCERN- R (rule-based), DISCERN-ML (machine-learned), and DISCERN-C (combined), were evaluated in the NIST TAC KBP 2015 Event Nugget Detection and Event Argument Extraction and Linking tasks. Three contributions of this work are: (a) an approach to collapsing support verb and event nominals that improved recall of argument linking, (b) a new linguist-in-the-loop paradigm that enables quick changes to linguistic rules and examination of their effect on pre- cision and recall at runtime, (c) an analysis of the synergy between the semantic and syntactic features. Results of experimentation with event-detection approaches indicate that linguistically-informed rules can improve precision and machine-learned systems can improve recall. Future refinements to the combination of linguistic and machine learning approaches may involve making better use of the complementarity of these approaches.
The potential for cross-addiction in post-bariatric surgery patients: Considerations for primary care nurse practitioners.

IntroductionObesity trends in the United States rose steeply between 1980 and 2000, with prevalence rates doubling from the 1960s and 1970s (Ogden & Carrol, 2010). Obesity is particularly concerning to nurse practitioners (NPs) because of associated chronic health issues including hypertension,
Restless Legs Syndrome: An Overview with an Emphasis on Women

Restless legs syndrome commonly affects women and can significantly affect sleep and quality of life. The etiology of the disorder is multifactorial, but in women it may be influenced by higher rates of anemia and sex hormone levels. Treatment includes correction of iron deficiency, if present, and both non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments. Current first-line agents include the non-ergotamine dopamine agonists, ropinerole and pramipexole. The use of these agents in women who are pregnant or considering pregnancy should be carefully considered due to potential risks to the fetus.
Dgat1 and Dgat2 regulate enterocyte triacylglycerol distribution and alter proteins associated with cytoplasmic lipid droplets in response to dietary fat

Enterocytes, the absorptive cells of the small intestine, mediate efficient absorption of dietary fat (triacylglycerol, TAG). The digestive products of dietary fat are taken up by enterocytes, re-esterified into TAG, and packaged on chylomicrons (CMs) for secretion into blood or temporarily stored within cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs). Altered enterocyte TAG distribution impacts susceptibility to high fat diet associated diseases, but molecular mechanisms directing TAG toward these fates are unclear. Two enzymes, acyl CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (Dgat1) and Dgat2, catalyze the final, committed step of TAG synthesis within enterocytes. Mice with intestine-specific overexpression of Dgat1 (Dgat1Int) or Dgat2 (Dgat2Int), or lack of Dgat1 (Dgat1-/-), were previously found to have altered intestinal TAG secretion and storage. We hypothesized that varying intestinal Dgat1 and Dgat2 levels alters TAG distribution in subcellular pools for CM synthesis as well as the morphology and proteome of CLDs. To test this we used ultrastructural and proteomic methods to investigate intracellular TAG distribution and CLD-associated proteins in enterocytes from Dgat1Int, Dgat2Int, and Dgat1-/- mice 2h after a 200μl oral olive oil gavage. We found that varying levels of intestinal Dgat1 and Dgat2 altered TAG pools involved in CM assembly and secretion, the number or size of CLDs present in enterocytes, and the enterocyte CLD proteome. Overall, these results support a model where Dgat1 and Dgat2 function coordinately to regulate the process of dietary fat absorption by preferentially synthesizing TAG for incorporation into distinct subcellular TAG pools in enterocytes.
Integration of Care in the Implementation of the Affordable Care Act: Changes in Treatment Services in a National Sample of Centers Treating Substance Use Disorders

This study examined patterns of medicalization in substance use disorder (SUD) that are aligned with the goals of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Using a nationally representative sample of SUD treatment programs, we examined changes in several treatment domains. While observed changes were modest, they were in directions that support the thrust of the ACA. Specifically, we found an increase in the percentage of treatment referrals from other health care providers. We found an increase in the number of physicians for programs that did have a physician on staff, and an increase in counselors certified in treating alcohol and drug addiction. There was significant growth in the availability of oral and injectable naltrexone but not of other pharmacotherapies. There was a decrease in support for the 12-step model and an increase on the emphasis of a medicalized treatment model. Finally, we found a shift away from federal block grants and other public funding, consistent with the expectations of the ACA. These data indicate that, while progress is slow, the environment of the recent past has been supportive of the goal of SUD treatment's integration into mainstream medical care.
Dielectric elastomer actuator with variable stiffness based on interlaminar electrostatic chucking

In recent years, dielectric elastomer actuators (DEA) have been investigated as artificial muscle for soft robots, thanks to their light weight, high energy density, and silent operation. Moreover, the low stiffness of the dielectric elastomer (DE) material allows DEA to exhibit large actuation strain. On the other hand, the intrinsic softness of DEA limits their blocking and holding force. Therefore, incorporating variable stiffness structures into DEA is necessary to leverage both large actuation strain, and large holding force from such actuators. This work describes the modeling, fabrication, and characterization of a variable-stiffness DEA (VSDEA) based on interlaminar electrostatic chucking. The VSDEA consists of a multitude of stacked multilayer unimorph DEA units, where each unit consists of a passive layer and one or more active DE layers whose expansion under applied voltage induces bending of the DEA unit. Adhesion between the DEA units is mediated by electrostatic attraction caused by opposite charges accumulating on the interfacial surfaces between each unit. The bending stiffness of the VSDEA is controlled by increasing or decreasing the charge on the interfacial surfaces; large deformation can be achieved when the unit interfaces are allowed to freely slip, and a large increase in stiffness is realized when electrostatic chucking is applied.
Fire, land use, land cover dynamics, and climate change in the Brazilian Amazon

Once rare, wildfires are becoming increasingly common in the Amazon. For the last several decades, Brazil has worked to settle the Amazon. People have cleared many areas and fragmented much of the remaining forest. Most regional land uses are fire- derived, fire-managed, or make the remaining forests more vulnerable to fire. Closed- canopy forests generally remain relatively cool and moist even during the dry season when weeks may pass without rain. However, extreme drought events eventually dry the surface fuels enough to make the forest susceptible to fire. Continual ignition events along forest edges make forest fires inevitable during these periods. Once damaged by either fire or selective logging, the forest canopy becomes fractured, allowing moisture to be rapidly pumped from the forest by small-scale convection cells. These damaged forests dry rapidly and become fire-susceptible nearly every year during the dry season. Poorly adapted to fire, the forests suffer severe damage and high mortality even during low-intensity fires. Each fire results in an increase in fuel loads from dying and decaying trees. Subsequent fires burn more intensely, spread faster, and can kill even the largest, thickest barked trees. Therefore, human land use and the ecological traits of the forest combine to make them susceptible to a positive feedback process whereby fires become more frequent and more severe until the forest collapses and is replaced by grass or scrub vegetation. Ongoing climate change is warming the Amazon and may potentially reduce rainfall or increase drought frequency or intensity. These forests have persisted through many periods of previous climate change. However, the current conditions of ubiquitous ignitions, extensive clearing, fragmentation, and damage to the forests may combine to make large regions vulnerable to fire conversion of these lush biodiverse ecosystems to early successional and impoverished conditions. Without changes in land and fire management, fire will become endemic to many regions, threatening both the native species and the livelihoods of people who live in the Amazon.
Anesthetic Options for Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement—Is Anesthetic Evolution for The Heart Team Inevitable?

Although transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become a mainstream therapeutic option for intermediate-risk and high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis, the debate about the best...
Speaker information affects false recognition of unstudied lexical-semantic associates

Recognition of and memory for a spoken word can be facilitated by a prior presentation of that word spoken by the same talker. However, it is less clear whether this speaker congruency advantage generalizes to facilitate recognition of unheard related words. The present investigation employed a false memory paradigm to examine whether information about a speaker’s identity in items heard by listeners could influence the recognition of novel items (critical intruders) phonologically or semantically related to the studied items. In Experiment 1, false recognition of semantically associated critical intruders was sensitive to speaker information, though only when subjects attended to talker identity during encoding. Results from Experiment 2 also provide some evidence that talker information affects the false recognition of critical intruders. Taken together, the present findings indicate that indexical information is able to contact the lexical-semantic network to affect the processing of unheard words.
Sub-cellular In-situ Characterization of Ferritin(iron) in a Rodent Model of Spinal Cord Injury.

Iron (Fe) is an essential metal involved in a wide spectrum of physiological functions. Sub-cellular characterization of the size, composition, and distribution of ferritin(iron) can provide valuable information on iron storage and transport in health and disease. In this study we employ magnetic force microscopy (MFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) to characterize differences in ferritin(iron) distribution and composition across injured and non-injured tissues by employing a rodent model of spinal cord injury (SCI). Our biophysical and ultrastructural analyses provide novel insights into iron distribution which are not obtained by routine biochemical stains. In particular, ferritin(iron) rich lysosomes revealed increased heterogeneity in MFM signal from tissues of SCI animals. Ultrastructural analysis using TEM elucidated that both cytosolic and lysosomal ferritin(iron) density was increased in the injured (spinal cord) and non-injured (spleen) tissues of SCI as compared to naive animals. In-situ EELs analysis revealed that ferritin(iron) was primarily in Fe3+ oxidation state in both naive and SCI animal tissues. The insights provided by this study and the approaches utilized here can be applied broadly to other systemic problems involving iron regulation or to understand the fate of exogenously delivered iron-oxide nanoparticles.
Exploiting power supply ramp rate for calibrating cell strength in SRAM PUFs

SRAM arrays are particularly attractive for use as physically unclonable functions (PUFs) because each manufactured copy of an SRAM array displays a different memory pattern when initially powered-on. This is due to random differences in device parameters in individual memory cells from manufacturing process variations. However, instability in the SRAM PUF response over the expected range of operating voltages and temperature, as well as environmental noise and aging degradation over time, is a challenge. Recent proposals aim at identifying a subset of all the cells in an SRAM, the most robust or strong cells, and using only these to construct a PUF. However, the manner in which the SRAM is powered up has been largely ignored in earlier work. We show that the SRAM power-up state is strongly dependent on the power supply ramp rate and direction; very different power-up states are obtained under different power-on scenarios. Furthermore, analyzing the power-up states under different ramp rates and directions can provide considerable insight into which transistor pairs in each individual cell are mismatched, and even the extent of the mismatch. Since such threshold voltage mismatch is key to cell power-on bias, we finally show how such experiments can be exploited to reliably identify the most robust strong cells in SRAMs for use in PUFs. These cells can be expected to generating reliable keys for cryptographic operations across a wide range of operating conditions, noise and device degradation.
Central Coalition Osteotomy of Phalangeal Synostoses in the Management of the Type III Apert Hand.

Purpose We report a technique in the management of the type III Apert hand. The proposed approach facilitates the creation of a 5-fingered hand in 3 stages. Methods We reviewed records of patients with Apert syndrome and type III hands surgically treated at our institution from 1995 through 2014. In all cases, syndactyly release was performed in 3 stages with prioritization of the border digits. In addition, limited retrograde, axial osteotomies between the phalangeal segments of the conjoined index, middle, and ring fingers were performed during the first stage. Medical records were reviewed for demographics, clinical presentation, operative findings, and postoperative outcomes. Results Twelve pediatric patients with type III hands underwent syndactyly release. Median patient age was 10.0, 15.8, and 29.6 months at operative stages 1, 2, and 3, respectively. A thumb and 4 fingers were achieved for all but 1 hand. The median duration of hospital stay was 2 days for each stage. No infections or major complications were observed. Conclusions We demonstrate this method as a safe and effective means of creating 5 digits in the Apert patient with type III hands. Our opinion is that the additional aesthetic and functional gains offset the requirement of a 3-stage approach. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
Nursery Production of Helleborus x hybridus: Management of Nitrogen and Substrate pH

Abstract One-year-old seedlings of Helleborus x hybridus Hort. Ex Vilmorin (Lenten rose) were potted into 3.8 liter (#1) containers filled with a pine bark substrate amended with one of five rates of dolomitic limestone [0, 1.4, 2.7, 4.1, or 5.4 kg/m3 (0, 3, 6, 9, or 12 lb/yd3)]. Substrate pH responded quadratically with increasing rate of dolomitic limestone (DL) producing a range of substrate pH from 4.5 to 6.9. Nitrogen application rates (NARs) ranging from 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg/liter were applied with every irrigation. Top dry weight was affected by NAR, DL, and NAR × DL rate interaction. When no DL was added to the substrate, top dry weight increased quadratically with increasing NARs with maximum dry weight occurring with N at 124 mg/liter. However, when the substrate was amended with DL at 1.4, 2.7, 4.1, or 5.4 kg/m3 (3, 6, 9, and 12 lb/yd3) top dry weight increased linearly with increasing NARs with maximum top dry weight of 15 g to 16 g (0.53 oz and 0.56 oz) occurring with N at 160 mg/liter....