cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Curricular Connections: Using Critical Cosmopolitanism to Globally Situate Multicultural Education in Teacher Preparation Courses

Globally-minded teachers often beget globally-minded students. The same relationship seems to hold true for multiculturalism; teachers who are committed to multiculturalism often nudge students toward the same commitment. Global citizenship and multicultural education share a strong bond. Yet, in the field of social studies teacher preparation, the bond between global competencies and multiculturalism often seems permeable and quite fragile. In the context of multicultural education in the United States, teachers engage with issues of privilege, power, and oppression but with a heavy US-centric focus. The article contends that the predominant United States’ focus of multiculturalism limits the opportunities to engage the global: global competencies, global voices, and global citizenship. The article seeks to wed multiculturalism and global education. It does so by introducing and explaining Critical Cosmopolitan Theory (Author, 2013), which is a theoretical framework to guide the preparation of globally competent and culturally responsive teacher candidates. Utilizing findings from an artifact analysis study of teacher candidates (n=51), the article discusses ways to assist teacher candidates in their development of becoming Critically Cosmopolitan citizens who embrace social justice by being informed by the global and multicultural.
Credence and Correctness: In Defense of Credal Reductivism

Credal reductivism is the view that outright belief is reducible to degrees of confidence or ‘credence’. The most popular versions of credal reductivism all have the consequence that if you are nea...
Self-Resistance of Natural Product Producers: Past, Present, and Future Focusing on Self-Resistant Protein Variants

Nature is a prolific producers of bioactive natural products with an array of biological activities and impact on human and animal health. But with great power comes great responsibility, and the organisms that produce a bioactive compound must be resistant to its biological effects to survive during production/accumulation. Microorganisms, particularly bacteria, have developed different strategies to prevent self-toxicity. Here, we review a few of the major mechanisms including the mechanism of resistance with a focus on self-resistant protein variants, target proteins that contain amino acid substitutions to reduce the binding of the bioactive natural product, and therefore its inhibitory effects are highlighted in depth. We also try to identify some future avenues of research and challenges that need to be addressed.
PGE2 Regulation of B Lymphocytes and T Helper 1 and T Helper 2 Cells: Induction of Inflammatory versus Allergic Responses

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines mediate many traits of allergic disease. Therefore, understanding regulation of these responses is critical for comprehending disease pathogenesis and for developing effective therapies. Numerous mechanisms regulate IgE and Th2 cytokine production, however, an emerging concept is that E-series prostaglandins (PGEs), shift the immune response towards allergy by promoting production of IgE and a Th2 profile of cytokines (1). PGEs are lipid molecules which regulate diverse processes throughout the body. Low levels of PGEs are constantly produced in most tissues by “constitutive” cyclooxygenases (COX-1), (2). In response to hormonal or inflammatory stimuli, PGEs are also synthesized by “inducible” cyclooxygenases (COX-2), (2). Of particular importance, PGEs are a major product of professional antigen presenting cells such as, macrophages, follicular dendritic cells and Langerhans cells (1, 2). PGEs are also produced by other APCs such as, fibroblasts and endothelial cells in response to inflammatory stimuli (2). PGEs promote IgE and Th2 responses at multiple levels. Firstly, PGEs induce development of Th2 cells via modulating cytokine production by antigen presenting cells. Secondly, PGEs inhibit Th1 and promote Th2 profiles of cytokine production from mature differentiated T cells. Finally, PGEs directly target B lymphocytes and enhance cytokine-directed recombination of the Ig heavy chain loci.
Comparing Fixed- and Variable-Base-Age Site Equations Having Single Versus Multiple Asymptotes

Site equations compute values of a variable Y as a function of both variable t and a value of the variable Y = Y 0 measured at an arbitrary t = t 0 . For example, the plant size (Y) can be defined as a function of both age (t) and a reference size (Y 0 ) measured at the base age t 0 . The base age can be implicit (i.e., implied but hidden), as in fixed-base-age equations (e.g., Y = f(t, S), where S is Y at t = 50), or explicit (i.e., readily exposed and changeable), as in dynamic equations (e.g., Y = f(t, t 0 , Y 0 )). Using as the main criterion the ability of an equation to generate concurrent polymorphism and multiple asymptotes, I compare a fixed-base-age height growth site equation with several dynamic equations, derived through the traditional and the Generalized Algebraic Difference Approaches. The comparison leads to conclusions about desirable model properties, the methodologies of derivations, and expected outcomes of the different methodologies. The conclusions suggest that the ability to simulate concurrent polymorphism and multiple asymptotes is an important property of site equations that should be considered during modeling various growth trends. Furthermore, the conclusions suggest that both algebraic difference approaches are more parsimonious and robust than the fixed- base-age approaches. The Generalized Algebraic Difference Approach can increase model usefulness considerably through derivation of more complex equations that can achieve more desirable properties. FOR. SCI. 48(1): 7-23.
Lithium in Psychiatry

Lithium is used for the treatment of a number of psychiatric disorders. The effectiveness of the agent for treating mania and for the long term treatment of bipolar and major depressive disorders is well established. It is also of value in bipolar depression, schizoaffective disorder and aggression, and as an augmenting agent in treatment-resistant depression. Lithium has also been tried in numerous other psychiatric and nonpsychiatric conditions.
General Education Course: Is It Relevant?.

The paper presents a teaching regime and evaluation criteria for a general education course in biology. The purpose of the course is to provide students with biological information to help them understand problems facing humans and some of the social and ethical aspects of these problems. Using input from students concerning what constitutes a good learning environment, the course is designed to give students the opportunity to control much of their own success in the course. The paper also examines how students respond to the variety of evaluation methods.
Improving Training Aircraft Utilization in Collegiate Flight Programs: A Case Study at Purdue University

Aircraft fleets employed for student training in collegiate aviation programs are operated to varying degrees of efficiency, a metric that is influenced by such factors as scheduling, weather, and maintenance requirements. Recent research focusing on the utilization rate of the Cirrus training fleet at Purdue University indicated an average rate of 24% (Avery, 2014). An improvement in the efficiency of the scheduling of the Cirrus fleet would subsequently allow an accurate determination of the degree of excess capacity in the system. This excess capacity should ideally be treated as an asset that could be used to support an increase in enrollment in the Professional Flight program, a concept that could ultimately result in a reduction of student flight fees by spreading fixed costs across a larger student base, thereby improving the overall affordability of the program. This article examines the overall Cirrus utilization at Purdue, identifies both supply and demand components that affect the metric, and proposes recommendations for improving utilization. Through application of the recommendations developed in this paper, it is estimated that the Professional Flight program can accommodate a 20% increase in enrollment, resulting in significant incremental revenue which can be allocated to support additional program growth, reduce student fees, and provide internal employment opportunities for Aeronautical Engineering Technology students studying to obtain their Airframe and Powerplant Mechanic certification. Implementation and monitoring of these recommendations is being integrated into an undergraduate course in aviation managerial economics to provide additional experiential educational opportunities for Aviation Technology students.
The Synthetic Age: Outdesigning Evolution, Resurrecting Species, and Reengineering Our World

Imagining a future in which humans fundamentally reshape the natural world using nanotechnology, synthetic biology, de-extinction, and climate engineering.We have all heard that there are no longer any places left on Earth untouched by humans. The significance of this goes beyond statistics documenting melting glaciers and shrinking species counts. It signals a new geological epoch. In The Synthetic Age, Christopher Preston argues that what is most startling about this coming epoch is not only how much impact humans have had but, more important, how much deliberate shaping they will start to do. Emerging technologies promise to give us the power to take over some of Nature's most basic operations. It is not just that we are exiting the Holocene and entering the Anthropocene; it is that we are leaving behind the time in which planetary change is just the unintended consequence of unbridled industrialism. A world designed by engineers and technicians means the birth of the planet's first Synthetic Age.Preston describes a range of technologies that will reconfigure Earth's very metabolism: nanotechnologies that can restructure natural forms of matter; ?molecular manufacturing? that offers unlimited repurposing; synthetic biology's potential to build, not just read, a genome; ?biological mini-machines? that can outdesign evolution; the relocation and resurrection of species; and climate engineering attempts to manage solar radiation by synthesizing a volcanic haze, cool surface temperatures by increasing the brightness of clouds, and remove carbon from the atmosphere with artificial trees that capture carbon from the breeze. What does it mean when humans shift from being caretakers of the Earth to being shapers of it? And in whom should we trust to decide the contours of our synthetic future? These questions are too important to be left to the engineers.
Complete Genome Sequence of Hospital-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain WCUH29.

ABSTRACT The hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) strain WCUH29 has been intensively and widely used as a model system for identification and evaluation of novel antibacterial targets and pathogenicity. In this announcement, we report the complete genome sequence of HA-MRSA WCUH29 (NCIMB 40771).
Closure and the roles of student performance and enrollment characteristics: A survival analysis of charter schools in Ohio’s largest urban counties

In this study, we seek to contribute to the literature on traditional charter school (TCS) closure by examining the potential relationships among racial and socioeconomic enrollment characteristics, TCS age and early adopter status, student achievement and the likelihood of closure within Ohio’s “Big 8” Urban Counties (OBEUC). Using life tables and binary logistic regression, we examined 3,204 TCS school years (424 TCS) in OBEUC from the arrival of TCS in 1998 through 2015 to assess these relationships. While the Ohio Department of Education (ODE) reports that poor academic performance is the second most cited reason for TCS closure, we find no evidence that student performance predicts TCS closure in OBEUC. However, we find that compared to TCS with integrated enrollments, TCS with predominantly White or Black enrollments face higher risks of closure in OBEUC, even when controlling for other factors. This lack of a connection between student performance and TCS closure calls into question the argument that TCS closure is evidence that the accountability function of school choice policy is working.
Community college leaders on workforce development: Opinions, observations, and future directions

This book solicits the perspectives of community college leaders on the role of community colleges in workforce development. The book’s editors assembled an impressive array of knowledgeable commun...
Polar Amplification as an Inherent Response of a Circulating Atmosphere: Results From the TRACMIP Aquaplanets

In the TRACMIP ensemble of aquaplanet climate model experiments, CO2-induced warming is amplified in the poles in 10 out of 12 models, despite the lack of sea ice. We attribute causes of this ampli...
Measuring Global Coherence in People With Aphasia During Unstructured Conversation

Purpose Global coherence is an essential macrolinguistic discourse skill that speakers use to formulate discourse to convey meaning with maintenance to a topic. When global coherence is poor, the listener's ability to understand how the discourse makes sense as a whole is diminished. Measures exist to evaluate global coherence in people with aphasia during monologue tasks (e.g., picture description). The aim of the current research is to develop such a measure for unstructured conversation and to explore how global coherence is impacted by aphasia during conversation. A global coherence measure for conversation is required because markedly different cognitive and linguistic demands are made for production of different types of discourse. Thus, a structured monologue measure cannot be used with validity for unstructured conversation. To adequately evaluate global coherence during conversation, a measure specific to the demands of conversation is required. Method We adapted the 4-point Global Coherence Scale (Wright & Capilouto, 2012; Wright et al., 2013), a monologue-level measure of global coherence to conversation, resulting in the 4-point Global Coherence Scale in unstructured conversation (GCSconv). We conducted statistical evaluation of the reliability/stability of the 4-point GCSconv in 18 unstructured conversations held by nine people with aphasia. Utterances with low global coherence scores were classified following a recent methodology to describe how breakdown in these utterances contributed to diminished global coherence (Hazamy & Obermeyer, 2019). Results The 4-point GCSconv demonstrated excellent inter/intrarater reliability and test-retest stability. Nonspecific language and off-topic comments contributed most frequently to lowered global coherence. Conclusions Findings suggest the 4-point GCSconv may be a feasible and reliable measure of global coherence in conversation. This measure adds to a core of emerging reliable discourse measures for conversation. As such, it has potential to inform assessment and treatment of everyday conversation and to investigate the relationship of global coherence in structured monologue and unstructured conversation. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12469187.
Involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome in schizophrenia-like behaviour in young animals after maternal immune activation.

Objective: To evaluate the involvement of nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in schizophrenia-like behaviour in young animals exposed to maternal immune activation (MIA). Methods: To this aim, on the 15th gestational day, the females received an injection of lipopolysaccharides. When the animals completed 7, 14 and 45 postnatal days, they were killed and the whole brain was dissected for biochemical analysis. Animals with 45 postnatal days were submitted to behavioural tests of locomotor activity, social interaction and stereotyped movements. Results: It was observed that the animals presented schizophrenia-like behaviour at 45 postnatal days associated with the increase of NLRP3 inflammasome expression and IL-1β levels on 7, 14 and 45 postnatal days. Conclusion: This study shows that MIA may be associated with a schizophrenia-like behaviour. This behaviour can be induced to a neuroinflammatory profile in the brain. These evidences may base future studies on the relationship between neuroinflammation and psychiatric disorders.
Optimal investment on series FACTS device considering contingencies

Series FACTS devices are capable of relieving congestion and reducing generation costs in the power system. This paper proposes a planning model to optimally allocate TCSCs in the transmission network considering the base case and N − 1 contingencies. We consider a single target year and select three distinct load patterns to accommodate the yearly load profile. A reformulation technique is utilized to linearize the nonlinear power flow constraint introduced by a TCSC. Numerical case studies based on the IEEE 118-bus system demonstrate the high performance of the proposed planning model.
Anomalous sound attenuation in Weyl semimetals in magnetic and pseudomagnetic fields

A sound wave propagating through a semimetal causes a redistribution of electrons between different valleys of the electron spectrum. This dynamic redistribution leads to sound attenuation. Such an attenuation mechanism is effective as long as the redistribution between the valleys is not accompanied by local charge perturbations. In the presence of magnetic field, the chiral anomaly in Weyl semimetals couples the intervalley redistribution with the charge perturbations. Thus, the magnetic field weakens the sound attenuation and, in certain cases, induces its dichroism.
An Unusual Presentation of T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Syncope and Hypercalcemia of Malignancy

Introduction: Hypercalcemia is an exceedingly rare presentation of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children. While often varied and nonspecific, the clinical manifestations of hypercalcemia can provide a clue to severe underlying disease, making prompt diagnosis imperative. Case Description: A previously healthy 14-year-old girl presented to the emergency department after multiple witnessed syncopal episodes. The events were preceded by dizziness and lasted approximately 10-15 seconds. She had no associated abnormal movements, incontinence, or subsequent confusion. Review of systems revealed one episode of emesis; left rib pain, polyuria, and polydipsia for …
Assessing the implementation of guidelines surrounding aerosol generating procedures

Abstract This paper assesses the changing guidelines regarding Aerosol Generating Procedures and fallow time in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Departments in the UK. Many departments have variable local policies and protocols and this could be a contributing factor in increased waiting lists for patients during a time when patients have less access to primary and secondary care.
Resolving Discrepancies in Spin-Torque Ferromagnetic Resonance Measurements: Lineshape versus Linewidth Analyses

When spin-orbit torques are measured using spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance, two alternative ways of analyzing the results to extract the torque efficiencies---lineshape analysis and analysis of the change in linewidth versus direct current---often give inconsistent results. We identify a source for these inconsistencies. We show that fits of spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance data to the standard analysis framework leave significant residuals that we identify as due to (i) current-induced excitations of a small volume of magnetic material with magnetic damping much larger than that of the bulk of the magnetic layer, which we speculate is associated with the heavy-metal--magnet interface and (ii) oscillations of the sample magnetization at the modulation frequency due to heating. The dependence of the residual signals on direct current can interfere with an accurate extraction of spin-torque efficiencies by the linewidth method. We show that the discrepancies between the two types of analysis can be largely eliminated by extrapolation of the window of magnetic fields used in the linewidth fits to small values so as to minimize the influence of the residual signals.
Measuring the Impact of Alliance Change on Financial Outcomes: The Case of Intercollegiate Athletic

Using two natural experiments based on the Synthetic Control Method and a personally developed database representing 85% of the population, this study measures the effect of strategic conference ch...
Responses to Temperatures of Different Drosophila Species

Abstract Temperature is a critical environmental variable that affects the distribution, survival, and reproduction of most animals. Although temperature receptors have been identified in different animals, how these receptors respond to temperatures is largely unknown. Here we use modified single-fly thermotactic assays to analyze movements and temperature preferences of nine Drosophila species. The ability/inclination to move varies among these species and at different temperatures. Importantly, different species prefer various ranges of temperatures. While wild-type D. melanogaster flies avoid the warm temperature in the warm avoidance assay and the cool temperature in the cool avoidance assay, D. bipectinata and D. yakuba avoid neither warm nor cool temperatures and D. biarmipes and D. mojavensis do not avoid the warm temperature in the warm avoidance assay. These results demonstrate that Drosophila species have different mobilities and temperature preferences, thereby benefiting the research on molecular mechanisms of temperature responsiveness. Summary statement The ability to move and the preference for temperatures vary among fly species when flies are exposed to steep temperature gradients.
The Practitioner's Guide to Child Art Therapy: Fostering Creativity and Relational Growth

Even in the face of challenging conditions, art therapy treatment offers meaningful opportunities for growth. It’s not always easy, though, to navigate the complex interplay of art processes, relational states, and developmental theories. For any clinician looking for guidance on the ins and outs of using art therapy with children, there is no better resource than The Practitioner’s Guide to Child Art Therapy. Both graduate students and professionals will find its pages replete with strategies for developing engaging and effective tools for understanding children’s creative expression and applying this understanding toward treatment. Clinically relevant and theoretically sound, this book synthesizes the best of the literature on art development, art therapy and child development, while emphasizing the powerful role of art media in fostering creativity and relational growth. Compelling case material and numerous art examples illustrate psychosocial, neurobiological, and attachment theories as well as practical applications, including working with attachment disruptions, anxiety, grief, parental conflict, economic poverty, chemical dependency, child abuse, and autism spectrum disorder.
Assessment of a rapid test on amniotic fluid for estimating fetal lung maturity

Abstract We have measured the absorbance of centrifuged amniotic fluids at 650 nm. and found reasonably good correlation between the absorbance and the L/S ratio. In 87 fluids studied, an absorbance of greater than 0.100 predicted correctly and L/S ratio of 2 or more in 98 per cent of the cases. When the absorbance was less than 0.100, 70 per cent of the fluids had an L/S ratio of less than 2.
Genetics of Phosphate Regulation Disorders

Phosphate is an abundant anion in humans and plays an important role in many metabolic processes. Maintenance of phosphate homoeostasis is critical, and kidney plays an important role in the regulation of phosphate homoeostasis. Phosphate reabsorption by the kidney is the final determinant of serum phosphate levels. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), parathyroid hormone and Klotho are important hormones that regulate phosphate homoeostasis. Dysregulation of FGF23 is the most common inherited cause of hypophosphatemic and hyperphosphatemic disorders. Mutations of sodium phosphate cotransporters, responsible for phosphate reabsorption, also result in inherited disorders of phosphate homoeostasis. Recent discoveries in the field of FGF23 have led to better understanding of the pathophysiology of many of the inherited hypophosphatemic and hyperphosphatemic disorders. Key Concepts: Maintenance of normal phosphate homoeostasis is integral for many bodily functions. Both hyperphosphatemia and hypophosphatemia have detrimental effects. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), parathyroid hormone and Klotho are well-known phosphaturic hormones. Sodium phosphate cotransporters (NaPi-2a and NaPi-2c) that are present in the proximal tubule of the kidney are the final regulators of phosphate reabsorption. Mutations of sodium phosphate cotransporters result in hypophosphatemia. Disturbances in hormones such as FGF23, parathyroid hormone and Klotho result in many inherited hypophosphatemic and hyperphosphatemic disorders. X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets is the most common form of inherited rickets in children and is due to excess FGF23. Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets, autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets, fibrous dysplasia and osteoglophonic dysplasia are also inherited hypophosphatemic disorders resulting from excessive FGF23. Tumoural calcinosis is an inherited hyperphosphatemic disorder resulting from decreased FGF23 activity. Keywords: hypophosphatemia; hyperphosphatemia; parathyroid hormone; fibroblast growth factor 23; Klotho
Reproductive Changes in the Female Lifespan

During the lifespan of women, there are dramatic and life-changing transitions associated with the beginning and cessation of reproductive function. These transitions, puberty and menopause, result in dramatic changes in the anatomy, physiology, and cognitive function of females and are caused by fluctuating levels of estrogen and progesterone. Regular menstruation is the result of cyclic release of reproductive hormones and is a sign that all is going well. When a woman approaches menopause, menstruation usually becomes more irregular and eventually ceases because hormones from the ovary are too low to stimulate the lining of the uterus. Because the life expectancy for women is now approaching 80 years and menopause occurs at about 50 years of age, the average female will live approximately 30 years after her ovaries have ceased to produce estrogen. This has serious physical and mental health implications in the aging population, which will increase dramatically in the next few decades. Hormone replacement therapy relieves some of the uncomfortable aspects of menopause, such as hot flashes and sleep disturbances, and protects against osteoporosis. However, recent evidence suggests there may be an increased risk of certain cancers and stroke with hormone therapy. Additional research is needed to unravel the complex actions of hormone replacement formulations so that women can have a healthier life after menopause.
Laser Cooling With Two Wave Mixing

The process of laser cooling in a quasi resonant standing laser wave is one of the principal techniques of laser cooling of free atoms. It will be shown that the nonlinear interaction between the counter propagating waves in a standing wave have a profound affect on the mechanical manifestations of the light on the atoms. This can be understood simply by noting that in the Two Wave Mixing (TWM) process, a momentum kick of 2ℏk is transferred to the atom, as a photon is absorbed from one wave and emitted into the counter propagating wave. This process is in fact responsible for the so called "Dipole force" Or "Stimulated Molasses" and has been verified experimentally!. However, since the TWM process requires high laser intensity under normal conditions it does not usually lead to lower equilibrium temperatures. Nevertheless, It has been shown that the TWM process can be modified when the normal decay rates of the atom are altered. This modification can give rise to the appearance of the TWM at lower intensity and can even change its lineshape. This in turn have an important implications on the laser cooling process in a standing wave. Among the important effects: (i) The appearance of the stimulated force at lower intensity when the dipole decay rate is increased by dephasing events.(ii) The appearance of a narrow resonance characterized by the ground state decay in an open system. (iii) The modification of the stimulated force when the quantum fluctuations of the vacuum field are modified by quadrature squeezing. Processes (ii) and (iii) can change the sign of the stimulated force from a heating force to a cooling force at the red side of the atomic resonance and give additional cooling force much larger than the radiation pressure force.
The Uncertain Requirement for Recording Assignments of Deeds of Trust

Analysis of a recent California decision exempting the assignment of a deed of trust from California’s statutory recording requirement on the ground that the act applies only to mortgages.
Organizational culture as a discriminating variable of export activities: Some preliminary findings

Purpose – The paper's purpose is to identify the differences in organizational culture between exporting and non‐exporting firms.Design/methodology/approach – A binary logit model is used to test organizational cultural differences in four different types; market culture, ad hocracy culture, clan culture, and hierarchy cultures. A univariate t‐test is also used to determine mean differences in organizational culture of exporting and non‐exporting firms.Findings – Non‐exporting firms tend to be more customer‐driven and competitively oriented (market culture) than exporting firms. However, they are found to be more internally oriented (clan culture) than exporters. There are no significant differences for ad hocracy and hierarchy cultures.Research limitations/implications – First, the study omits the effects of industry conditions in the firm's cultural orientation. Hence, industry factors need to be studied in relation to exports and organizational culture. Second, organizational culture may play a facilit...
Knowing Good and Evil ... (Genesis 3: 5B)

The purpose of this paper is to undertake a Husserlian inquiry into the experiential foundations of good and evil. Specifically, we shall seek to address the question whether the distinction of good and evil—which we shall understand as a distinction between what is to be sought and cherished and what is to be shunned and avoided—is an arbitrary one or whether it reflects some more basic experiential distinction. We shall claim that Husserl’s basic insight that reality is primordially a Lebenswelt, a Welt des Lebens, enables us to claim that the distinction of good and evil does indeed have an ontological justification: some things sustain life, others destroy it.
Effects of Arabinonucleotides on Ribonucleotide Reduction by an Enzyme System from Rat Tumor

Abstract Inhibition by arabinonucleotides of the reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides with a partially purified enzyme system from rat tumor was studied. The di- and triphosphates of arabinosyladenine inhibited reduction of all four common ribonucleoside diphosphates to about the same extent; the inhibition appeared to be similar to that given by deoxyadenosine triphosphate at a lower concentration. Nucleotides of arabinosylcytosine inhibited only weakly, to about the same degree as did deoxycytidine triphosphate. It is concluded that inhibition of ribonucleotide reduction probably does not play an important part in the inhibition of DNA synthesis by arabinosylcytosine.
Multiresolution Approach to Wavelets in Computer Vision

The goal of computer vision is to imitate the human ability to interpret the information content of images. An image is acquired by a video camera and a digitizer provides as output an array of 512 by 512 points called pixels. Each pixel gives the value of the local light intensity in the image. In computer vision we are developing numerical algorithms for understanding these images. For example, one would like to build a computer program which is able to recognize that image 8(a) is the portrait of a woman with a hat. Since the work of Rosenfeld and Thurston [1] several researchers have shown that multiresolution approaches to images provide efficient strategies for computer vision algorithms. An image can be interpreted as a sum of details which appear at different resolutions. Such a multiresolution decomposition is meaningful because to each resolution corresponds a different type of structure in the image. At a coarse resolution these details will correspond to borders of large structures like the hat of image 8(a) whereas at a finer resolution these details will rather provide texture information like in the hairs of the woman.
Animal models for studying the genetic basis of metabolic regulation

Modern genetics has developed methods to modify the expression of genes in animals to study the factors responsible for the tissue-specific expression and hormonal and dietary regulation of metabolic processes. As these methods are applied to genes that code for critical proteins in metabolic pathways, a new insight into the control of metabolism is emerging. There are three general approaches currently in use. First, is the introduction of genes into the germ line to create transgenic animal models in which the gene of interest is over-expressed. This model is of particular value for promoter analysis because it is possible to introduce specific mutations into a putative regulatory region of a transgene and study its transcriptional control in the intact animal. Second, the developmental function of a gene product and its effect on various metabolic processes in a mouse can be directly determined by deleting a gene of interest by homologous recombination. Gene "knockout" mice are currently available with deletions in the genes for a variety of transcription factors and other biologically active proteins, permitting a critical analysis of the proteins responsible for the metabolic patterning of the animal. Third, the metabolic role of a gene of interest in a specific tissue can be studied by ablating its mRNA by the introduction of a transgene that codes for antisense mRNA targeted against the gene transcript. Because it is possible to use a transgene with a tissue-specific promoter, this procedure allows the isolation of the metabolic effect to a selected tissue in the transgenic animal. Taken together, these procedures provide a unique set of metabolic models for an in-depth study of metabolic regulation. This review will present examples of selected animal models currently available and will outline the challenge these animals present for investigators in the nutritional sciences.
Towards a Framework for Holistic Ideation in Conceptual Design

The long term aim of this research is to develop a framework for holistic ideation. Towards that goal, we are investigating the components of ideation (both logical and intuitive), characterization of ideation states, ideation blocks and strategies used to overcome such blocks. One of the major contributions of this research is the method by which the experiential and the intuitive ideation methods are interlaced together, to support both creativity and functional quality. Another important part of the framework is the identification of creativity blocks and investigation of matching ideation strategies most likely to facilitate progress. This framework will also be used as a research tool to collect large amount of data from designers about their choice of ideation strategies used, and their effectiveness.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Relationship Between Fiber Capillarization and Mitochondrial Volume Density in Control and Trained Rat Soleus and Plantaris Muscles

Objective: The majority of investigations have demonstrated a strong relationship between muscle capillarity and oxidative capacity. There is, however, evidence that die capacities for O2 supply and utilization can be dissociated. Also, metabolite removal rather man O2 supply may represent the predominant design constraint placed on the capillary bed in some muscles (i.e., fast-twitch glycolytic). Recent evidence suggests mat the principal barrier to O2 diffusion in skeletal muscle resides between the red blood cell and the immediately subjacent sarcolemmal space. Consequendy, if the primary design constraint placed on the capillary bed is to facilitate O2 exchange, we hypothesized that capillary surface per fiber surface should be correlated with die mitochondrial volume subserved. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether one single relationship would be found between the capillary-to-fiber surface ratio and fiber mitochondrial volume in slow- (soleus) and fast-twitch (plantaris) muscle...
Simulated Slot-Machine Play with Concurrent Variable Ratio and Random Ratio Schedules of Reinforcement:

Variable and random ratio schedules of reinforcement are conceptually contrasted and experimentally compared in a computer simulated “slot machine” task. 20 subjects did not behave differentially i...
Hyperfine Splitting Trends in the EPR Spectra of M2δ in Aligned Phospholipid Bilayers

In Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques, polarization index slant angle (PISA) wheels, dipolar waves. and residual dipolar coupling waves, demonstrate the relation between the secondary periodic structure of α helices and their magnetic properties. Based on very many of the same principles as NMR, it is anticipated that similar trends will be evident in the information obtained from Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) studies of spin-labeled α-helical membrane proteins incorporated into aligned lipid bilayers. Towards this end, we have proposed that a rigid spin- labeled transmembrane α-helix exhibits a sinusoidal periodicity in the EPR specific hyperfine splitting values obtained for consecutively labeled residues of the peptide. We have shown that this can be mathematically related to the helical tilt angle at which it is oriented within the membrane and the corresponding static magnetic field. This phenomenon is demonstrated using the M2δ pore lining peptide of the nicotinic acetylcholine (AChR) receptor. Also, the effect of environmental conditions such as motional averaging caused by rotation of the M2δ helix within the membrane. These experimental results are evidence of how a theoretical model can be used to determine the helical tilt angle of M2δ, and by extrapolation, the helical tilt angle of any other membrane protein - verifying a relatively simple, but powerful method of extracting crucial topological information from minimal experimental EPR data.
Faculty Study Groups: Solving "Good Problems" through Study, Reflection, and Collaboration.

We describe the development, implementation, and assessment of a faculty study group program designed to foster teaching as a reflective, collaborative activity within a research university. Conceived within conceptual frameworks that challenge technical/rationalist approaches to faculty development, the program was successful in creating opportunities for faculty of different disciplines, age groups, ranks, and teaching experience to establish productive discourse communities around their own teaching. Our experience shows that such programs require careful thought and planning, which we detail here, and that faculty even in research oriented institutions can be captured by the “good problem” that teaching represents.
Optical Remote Sensing Techniques Characterize the Properties of Atmospheric Aerosols

Several laser remote sensing techniques are used to characterize the properties of aerosols. The various techniques include: backscatter, optical extinction using Raman scatter, and bistatic/multistatic scattering using the polarization ratio of the scattering phase function. The number density, size, and size distribution are obtained under the assumption of spherical scatterers. Other measurements can be used to describe additional properties, such as aerosol type based upon approximate refractive index and detected departure from spherical, when simultaneous measurements at several wavelengths and several angles are analyzed. Examples are shown to demonstrate our present capability to characterize aerosol particles using recently developed techniques.
Charge transfer and mobility enhancement at CdO/SnTe heterointerfaces

We report a study of the effects of charge transfer on electrical properties of CdO/SnTe heterostructures. A series of structures with variable SnTe thicknesses were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering. Because of an extreme type III band offset with the valence band edge of SnTe located at 1.5 eV above the conduction band edge of CdO, a large charge transfer is expected at the interface of the CdO/SnTe heterostructure. The electrical properties of the heterostructures are analyzed using a multilayer charge transport model. The analysis indicates a large 4-fold enhancement of the CdO electron mobility at the interface with SnTe. The mobility enhancement is attributed to reduction of the charge center scattering through neutralization of the donor-like defects responsible for the Fermi level pinning at the CdO/SnTe interface.
Herbert Riehl: Intrepid and Enigmatic Scholar

Herbert Riehl, known as the “father of tropical meteorology,” certainly made outstanding contributions to this field of study. Yet, when his oeuvre is examined retrospectively, there is strong evidence that his view was global and encompassed processes that cut across the latitudinal bands of the tropics, subtropics, and midlatitudes. His pathway into meteorology was unique as a Jewish man who immigrated to the United States from Germany in 1933—that point in time when the fascist regime in Germany gained significant power. Meteorology was not his first choice as a career, but circumstances related to imminent world war led him to the study of meteorology. He was inspired by his teaching and research experiences at the Institute of Tropical Meteorology in Puerto Rico during World War II. Further, he found his scientific calling in the milieu of “Rossby's School” at the University of Chicago (U of C) following the war. Particular attention is paid herein to his early work from the mid-1940s through the lat...
Edwardian ladies1 and the “race” dimensions of british imperialism

Abstract In the early 20th century, Edwardian ladies offered gender-conscious (if not overtly feminist) leadership in the development of imperialist organisations and propaganda in Britain. The “race” dimensions of imperialism were keenly fostered within associations which focused on the “white settler colonies,” and on women’s uniquely important role in perpetuating their whiteness, moral strength and political permanence within the Empire. The article examines the convergence in upper-class leadership, and in ideas and policies concerning “race,” between the Girls Friendly Society, the Primrose League, the British Women’s Emigration Association, and the Victoria League. Sources include the private papers of leading ladies, as well as organisational records and contemporary published works.
Acquisition And Signal Processing Of Evoked Potentials In Neurological Intensive Care

Conventional parameters monitored in intensive care units are usually late indicators of neurologic deteriorations; therefore, clinical examination remains the cornerstone of assessing neurologic function and guiding treatment in head injury. In recent years considerable interest has developed in the use of evoked potentials as a possible adjunctive monitoring technique. This paper describes an automated on-line data acquisition system and the signal processing techniques used to acquire and interpret the data.
The ordering of tridiagonal matrices in the cyclic reduction method for Poisson's equation

Discretization of the Poisson equation on a rectangle by finite differences using the standard five-point stencil yields a linear system of algebraic equations, which can be solved rapidly by the cyclic reduction method. In this method a sequence of tridiagonal linear systems is solved. The matrices of these systems commute, and we investigate numerical aspects of their ordering. In particular, we present two new ordering schemes that avoid overflow and loss of accuracy due to underflow. These ordering schemes improve the numerical performance of the subroutine HWSCRT of FISHPAK. Our orderings are also applicable to the solution of Helmholtz's equation by cyclic reduction, and to related numerical schemes, such as FACR methods.
A Thermal-Based Spindle Bearing Load Controller: Preliminary Experimental Evaluation

Thermally induced bearing loads are a serious problem for high-speed machining spindles used in metal cutting. Ideally, the bearing loads can be set to provide the necessary spindle stiffness to achieve the desired dynamic performance, while at the same time achieving long bearing life. Unfortunately, this is difficult to do because many process conditions affect these loads, sometimes in difficult to predict ways with significant degradation of spindle performance and life. The purpose of this paper is to describe a preliminary experimental evaluation of controlling bearing loads by controlling the heat generated by a thermal actuator placed around the spindle housing. A box spindle modified with an electric heating tape placed around its front ball bearings is used for this evaluation. The results show that significant control over the bearing load can be achieved for the conditions tested. However, it is discovered that asymmetrical placement of the heater with respect to the pair of back-to-back angular-contact bearings makes it difficult to regulate the loads on each bearing to the set point. Solutions to this problem are discussed and further research outlined. Nevertheless, the feasibility of the control of thermally induced bearing spindle loads with an externally mounted heater appears promising.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Stent Thrombosis is Not Increased in Cardiac Arrest Patients Undergoing Therapeutic Hypothermia: An Analysis of 15,079 Procedures

There is little and conflicting data in the literature regarding stent thrombosis rates in cardiac arrest patients following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Therapeutic hypothermia (TH), which is often instituted in these patients for better
Nonconservation of angular momentum in aharonov-bohm scattering

Abstract Aharonov-Bohm (AB) scattering by the vector potential of an infinitely long impenetrable solenoid of zero radius which carries magnetic flux is shown to violate the conservation of angular momentum. The difficulty is due to improper boundary conditions for a scattering problem used by AB.
Gender, Task Complexity and Risk Taking: Catch 22 for Women

Willingness to take risks is considered a quality of most successful managers (MacCrimmon and Wehrung 1986). There continues to be a societal stereotype, however, that women are not as inclined to engage in risk taking as their male counterparts. Research on whether this stereotype is justified has produced equivocal results, at best. This paper reports on a series of experiments which show there is a relationship between risk taking and task complexity such that the differences between male and female decisions, present in simple tasks, disappear as the tasks become more complex. Possible explanations for this phenomenon are discussed along with implications for women and the practicing manager.