cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficient Production of Papillomavirus Gene Delivery Vectors in Defined In Vitro Reactions

Papillomavirus capsids can package a wide variety of nonviral DNA plasmids and deliver the packaged genetic material to cells, making them attractive candidates for targeted gene delivery vehicles. However, the papillomavirus vectors generated by current methods are unlikely to be suitable for clinical applications. We have developed a chemically defined, cell-free, papillomavirus-based vector production system that allows the incorporation of purified plasmid DNA (pseudogenome) into high-titer papillomavirus L1/L2 capsids. We investigated the incorporation of several DNA forms into a variety of different papillomavirus types, including human and animal types. Our results show that papillomavirus capsids can package and transduce linear or circular DNA under defined conditions. Packaging and transduction efficiencies were surprisingly variable across capsid types, DNA forms, and assembly reaction conditions. The pseudoviruses produced by these methods are sensitive to the same entry inhibitors as cell-derived pseudovirions, including neutralizing antibodies and heparin. The papillomavirus vector production systems developed in this study generated as high as 1011 infectious units/mg of L1. The pseudoviruses were infectious both in vitro and in vivo and should be compatible with good manufacturing practice (GMP) requirements.
Sequential Service Restoration for Unbalanced Distribution Systems and Microgrids

The resilience and reliability of modern power systems are threatened by increasingly severe weather events and cyber-physical security events. An effective restoration methodology is desired to optimally integrate emerging smart grid technologies and pave the way for developing self-healing smart grids. In this paper, a sequential service restoration (SSR) framework is proposed to generate restoration solutions for distribution systems and microgrids in the event of large-scale power outages. The restoration solution contains a sequence of control actions that properly coordinate switches, distributed generators, and switchable loads to form multiple isolated microgrids. The SSR can be applied for three-phase unbalanced distribution systems and microgrids and can adapt to various operation conditions. Mathematical models are introduced for three-phase unbalanced power flow, voltage regulators, transformers, and loads. The SSR problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming model, and its effectiveness is evaluated via the modified IEEE 123 node test feeder.
Cell-bound complement activation products as lupus biomarkers: diagnosis, monitoring and stratification.

Introduction: Cell-bound complement activation products (CB-CAPs) were first reported in 2004, since which time multiple laboratories have demonstrated their value as biomarkers for diagnosis, moni...
A Multi-Media Instructional Systems Approach to Teaching Data Processing

(1977). A Multi-Media Instructional Systems Approach to Teaching Data Processing. The Journal of Data Education: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 14-15.
Arabidopsis thaliana GH3.15 acyl acid amido synthetase has a highly specific substrate preference for the auxin precursor indole-3-butyric acid

Various phytohormones control plant growth and development and mediate biotic and abiotic stress responses. Gretchen Hagen 3 (GH3) acyl acid amido synthetases are plant enzymes that typically conjugate amino acids to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or jasmonic acid (JA) to inactivate or activate these phytohormones, respectively; however, the physiological and biological roles of many of these enzymes remain unclear. Using a biochemical approach, we found that the Arabidopsis thaliana GH3.15 (AtGH3.15) preferentially uses indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and glutamine as substrates. The X-ray crystal structure of the AtGH3.15·AMP complex, modeling of IBA in the active site, and biochemical analysis of site-directed mutants provide insight on active site features that lead to AtGH3.15's preference for IBA. Assay-based in planta analysis of AtGH3.15-overexpressing lines indicated that their root elongation and lateral root density were resistant to IBA treatment but not to treatment with either IAA or JA. These findings suggest that AtGH3.15 may play a role in auxin homeostasis by modulating the levels of IBA for peroxisomal conversion to IAA. Analysis of AtGH3.15 promoter-driven yellow fluorescent protein reporter lines revealed that AtGH3.15 is expressed at significant levels in seedlings, roots, and parts of the siliques. We conclude that AtGH3.15 is unique in the GH3 protein family for its role in modifying IBA in auxin homeostasis and that it is the first GH3 protein shown to primarily modify a plant growth regulator other than IAA and JA.
Exploiting the non-linear current-voltage characteristics for resistive memory readout

Various resistive memory technologies are finding application in the space of storage-class memory and emerging non-von Neumann computing systems. For both applications, a key enabling technology is the ability to store multiple resistance levels in a single memory cell. The resistance states of these devices are typically measured in the low-field regime, where the electrical transport can be assumed to be Ohmic. However, when biased at slightly higher voltages, they exhibit significantly nonlinear I-V characteristics. In this paper, we demonstrate how this field dependence of the resistance values can be exploited in various applications. We present simulation and experimental results where readout schemes based on the non-linear I-V behavior are used to enhance the readout margin and also to compensate for resistance drift.
Experimental Manipulations of the Organization of Interhemispheric Projections

Visual callosal projections have been used extensively to study how central nervous system pathways develop normally and the ways in which development can be altered by perinatal manipulations. Given the experimental attention that has been paid to this system, it is surprising that we know relatively little about the morphological characteristics of individual visual callosal axons at any stage of either normal or altered development.
Narrative Metaphor: Integrating Insights in Cognitive Science into a Toolset for Intentionally Shaping Vocational Pursuits.

Divining meaning in the world around us and integrating that into the stories we tell about who we are and what motivates us is essential to both our cognitive processing and overall well-being. At...
Racial Bias and the American Criminal Justice System: Race and Presentencing Revisited

A controversy within criminology involves the extent to which race affects criminal processing. Investigators on different sides of the issue have relied predominantly on studies of sentencing, leaving largely unexplored the less visible area of presentencing. After a discussion of nine of the most prevalent shortcomings in previous research, this article critically examines the contemporary presentencing literature to ascertain the extent to which a discrimination thesis (DT) receives empirical support. It reviews the findings from 52studies conducted since 1970 that employ multivariate statistical analysis. Special attention is devoted to critiquing the methodological shortcomings of studies that support a nondiscrimination thesis (NDT). The implications of these weaknesses for the race/criminal processing nexus are discussed.
Epigenetic priming prior to pembrolizumab in mismatch repair-proficient advanced colorectal cancer.

591Background: Pembrolizumab results in compelling responses in MMR-deficient CRC. However, most advanced CRC patients have MMR proficient (MMR-p) tumors resistant to PD1 blockade. DNA methyltransf...
Tapering duodenoplasty: a beneficial adjunct in the treatment of congenital duodenal obstruction.

ObjectiveCongenital duodenal obstruction is typically treated by duodenoduodenostomy. Tapering of the dilated segment has been indicated to reduce duodenal dysmotility. The purpose of this study wa...
Abstract #4119: Regulation of UVB induced cutaneous carcinogenesis by T-cells

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, in particular the mid-wave range (UVB;290-320 nm), is one of the most significant risk factors for the development of non-melanoma skin cancer (basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma). UVB radiation-induced immunosuppression, which occurs in both humans and laboratory animals, contributes to their pathogenesis. However, there are conflicting reports on the relative role of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in UVB induced skin cancer. The purpose of this study was to delineate the contribution of these two cell subpopulations to UVB induced immunosuppression and tumor development using CD4 knockout (CD4-/-) and CD8 knockout (CD8-/-) mice. We observed that UVB induced skin carcinogenesis was retarded in mice deficient in CD4+ T-cells compared to wildtype mice, whereas significantly greater (p Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 4119.
Highly Conductive, Transparent, and Antireflective PEDOT:PSS/ITO/Ag/ITO on Parylene-C with Tunable Peak Transmittance

Transparent and flexible conductive thin films are critical components in optoelectronics, such as wearable electronics, biosensors, and displays. Traditional transparent electrodes made of a single layer of indium-tin-oxide (ITO), ultrathin metal, graphene or poly-(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) hardly possess the desired combination of high transmittance, low electrical resistivity, mechanical flexibility, and biocompatibility. Although ITO/Ag/ITO multilayer thin films have been studied for solar cell applications, the deposition of high-quality ITO usually requires high-temperature processes incompatible with polymers. In this work, we successfully fabricated an ultra-flexible, conductive, transparent thin film using a PEDOT:PSS/ITO/Ag/ITO multilayer structure on Parylene C at room temperature. Compared to single-layer ITO of an equivalent thickness, the multilayer film exhibited significantly enhanced sheet conductivity, reduced electrochemical impedance, remarkable transmittance, excellent adhesion, and flexibility. The peak transmittance of the combined films can be tailored to a specific wavelength for particular applications, such as optogenetics. Besides Parylene C, our high-quality ITO/Ag films can be deposited on a wide variety of heat-sensitive substrates over large scales.
The German New Right. AfD, Pegida and the Re-Imagining of National Identity: Jay Julian Rosellini, London, Hurst Publishers, 2019, 200pp., £40.00 (hardback)

In The German New Right. AfD, Pegida and the Re-Imagining of National Identity, Jay Julian Rosellini renders an intellectual portrait of a right-wing ‘dissenting minority’ to mainstream German poli...
Proper Relations of Association (Zheng 正) vs. Logical Validity of Syllogism: A Case Study of Shared Practices of Matteo Ricci, S. J and Chinese Mathematicians in Seventeenth Century

The discourse between Jesuits and Chinese scholars in seventeenth century China brings some significant progress in building a mutual understanding between the West and the East at a level of logical practices. This chapter studies the shared practices of Matteo Ricci and Chinese mathematicians in seventeenth century when they translate Euclid’s Elements into Jihe yuanben, and introduces how they make it possible to introduce Aristotelian logic to Chinese people through geometry. The author claims that the gap between concepts proper relations of associations (zheng 正) in Chinese logic and logical validity in Aristotelian logic cause some major difficulties in introducing Aristotelian logic to Chinese people. In a Chinese language-game, there is no concept of logical validity. Practicing the rule Ostensive Definitions, Ricci and Chinese mathematicians, together, demonstrate for Chinese learners how to understand syllogistic patterns through particular cases. The conclusion of this paper is that Chinese logic and Aristotelian logic are very different. The effort of seeking for proper relations of associations (zheng 正) has no comparison to seeking for logical validity. However, attempts to understand the unfamiliar and the novel are common to all human beings. Whether a mutual understanding is possible, the effort must be made from both sides.
Research on Measurement Technology of Transformer No-load Loss Based on Internet of Things

Power transformer is a key equipment in power grids, whose reliability directly affects the safety of power system. The defect of transformer core or windings can increase losses and lead to transformer heating, affecting its stable operation. The no-load loss of transformer reflects the status of iron core and windings. Generally, it is measured through off-line no-load test, which is difficult to implement in the field. This paper presents the design and application of a more effective on-site measurement method of transformer no-load loss based on Internet of Things. Grid voltage is used as the power source in no-load test. No-load current is measured by a customized current sensor unit. It can work at high potential. The current and voltage are triggered synchronously by signals from the GPS module. Furthermore, the data are transmitted wirelessly, which is proved that the on-site measuring system based on Internet of Things is feasible.
The endosomal trafficking regulator LITAF controls the cardiac Nav1.5 channel via the ubiquitin ligase NEDD4-2.

The QT interval is a recording of cardiac electrical activity. Previous genome-wide association studies identified genetic variants that modify the QT interval upstream of LITAF (lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-α factor), a protein encoding a regulator of endosomal trafficking. However, it was not clear how LITAF might impact cardiac excitation. We investigated the effect of LITAF on the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.5, which is critical for cardiac depolarization. We show that overexpressed LITAF resulted in a significant increase in the density of Nav1.5-generated voltage-gated sodium current INa and Nav1.5 surface protein levels in rabbit cardiomyocytes and in HEK cells stably expressing Nav1.5. Proximity ligation assays showed co-localization of endogenous LITAF and Nav1.5 in cardiomyocytes, whereas co-immunoprecipitations confirmed they are in the same complex when overexpressed in HEK cells. In vitro data suggest that LITAF interacts with the ubiquitin ligase NEDD4-2, a regulator of Nav1.5. LITAF overexpression down-regulated NEDD4-2 in cardiomyocytes and HEK cells. In HEK cells, LITAF increased ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of co-expressed NEDD4-2 and significantly blunted the negative effect of NEDD4-2 on INa. We conclude that LITAF controls cardiac excitability by promoting degradation of NEDD4-2, which is essential for removal of surface Nav1.5. LITAF-knockout zebrafish showed increased variation in and a nonsignificant 15% prolongation of action potential duration. Computer simulations using a rabbit-cardiomyocyte model demonstrated that changes in Ca2+ and Na+ homeostasis are responsible for the surprisingly modest action potential duration shortening. These computational data thus corroborate findings from several genome-wide association studies that associated LITAF with QT interval variation.
A New Approach to Section 363(F)3

Section 363(f) of the Bankruptcy Code provides five circumstances in which a debtor may be permitted to sell property free of all claims and interests, outside of the ordinary course of business, and prior to plan confirmation. One of those five circumstances is con tained in § 363(f)(3), which permits such a sale where the "interest is a lien and the price at which such property is to be sold is greater than the aggregate value of all liens on such property." While it is far from certain whether § 363(f)(3) requires a price "greater than the aggregate [face value] of all liens on the property"—the face value approach—or a price that is "greater than aggregate [eco nomic value] of all liens on the property"—the economic value approach, this Note argues that, properly understood, both ap proaches should lead to the same result. More specifically, under this Note's strict textual approach, the choice between these two meanings of "value" in § 363(f)(3) is irrelevant; neither interpreta tion of § 363(f)(3) permits courts to authorize the sale of property securing underwater liens—that is, liens whose face value exceeds the fair market value of the property securing it.
The Problem-Solving Method in Teaching Team Sports

(1957). The Problem-Solving Method in Teaching Team Sports. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 29-74.
Social Communication in the Aquatic Environment

Many sense organs exhibit physiological adaptations designed to cope with a particular physical environment or to perform well for a specific behavioral function. Most of the chapters in this volume are concerned with the “sensory ecology” of the aquatic environment in one way or another. The present chapter will discuss adaptations for social communication within that environment.
Neural network control for a cascade/parallel formant synthesizer

Neural network control of a cascade/parallel formant text-to-speech synthesizer model is investigated. The task under investigation is the synthesis of isolated words spoken in isolation and with neutral intonation. The goals are to have the network successfully learn to produce the temporal parameters that drive the synthesizer and to evaluate its performance on novice utterances. The synthesis strategy and the network architecture and training are discussed, and results for the generation of the fundamental frequency contour using feedforward and sequential networks are shown. >
E-books versus print books: Readers' choices and preferences across contexts

With electronic book (e-book) sales and readership rising, are e-books positioned to replace print books? This study examines the preference for e-books and print books in the contexts of reading purpose, reading situation, and contextual variables such as age, gender, education level, race/ethnicity, income, community type, and Internet use. In addition, this study aims to identify factors that contribute to e-book adoption. Participants were a nationally representative sample of 2,986 people in the United States from the Reading Habits Survey, conducted by the Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project (http://pewinternet.org/Shared-Content/Data-Sets/2011/December-2011--Reading-Habits.aspx). While the results of this study support the notion that e-books have firmly established a place in people's lives, due to their convenience of access, e-books are not yet positioned to replace print books. Both print books and e-books have unique attributes and serve irreplaceable functions to meet people's reading needs, which may vary by individual demographic, contextual, and situational factors. At this point, the leading significant predictors of e-book adoption are the number of books read, the individual's income, the occurrence and frequency of reading for research topics of interest, and the individual's Internet use, followed by other variables such as race/ethnicity, reading for work/school, age, and education.
Ethics in the Treatment of Advanced Heart Failure: Palliative Care and End‐of‐Life Issues

Advanced heart failure (HF) is a life-shortening condition, yet there are increasing treatments and implantable devices available to clinicians to manage patients with advanced HF. Planning for adverse events and the end of life, formulated as "preparedness planning," can be integrated into HF care early in illness. Discussions that acknowledge the uncertainty of HF course and length of life and incorporate patient and family goals and values facilitates this planning. Clear processes for weighing potential benefits and burdens of interventions and therapies should accompany decision-making. Device implantation decision-making can acknowledge alternative avenues of care to the device and identify situations in which the device might be deactivated in the future. Symptom assessment and management potentially improve quality of life in patients with advanced HF. Management of symptoms should integrate HF therapies as well as other treatments. Collaboration between HF providers, palliative care clinicians, and, if appropriate, hospice clinicians will improve care for HF patients and their families.
Neighborhood Violence and Adolescent Friendships

This paper investigates the social consequences of neighborhood violence. Using ego-centered friendship network data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a survey of adolescents in the United States in the mid-1990s, it examines the relationship between neighborhood violence and the quantity, closeness, and composition of adolescent same-sex friendships. Though neighborhood violence is unrelated to quantity and closeness net of individual and family characteristics, it predicts boys’ friendships with individuals who no longer attend school (who are presumably older or have dropped out of school) and predicts boys’ and girls’ friendships with individuals who attend other schools. These results are consistent with the theory that violence and fear of victimization focus adolescents’ social attention on their neighborhoods and lead them to develop friendships with individuals who can help them to stay safe. By structuring who adolescents interact with, neighborhood violence may play a role in determining the cultural messages and ideals to which they are exposed.
On the description of fermion systems in boson representations: (III). Normal mode construction and the derivation of kinetic and potential energy expansion

Abstract Truncation of the boson expansions earlier suggested for the description of collective excitations in doubly even nuclei make it important to start from the best possible boson representation. It is shown that the Tamm-Dankoff boson generally offers a better starting point than does the random phase boson. This is in particular true if the RPA boson is imaginary, which is shown in contrast two earlier assumptions to be the case for a majority of quadrupole-vibrating nuclei. In order to follow the quadrupole phase transition in the boson model the Hamiltonian is carried from the boson form into an expansion in terms of Hermitean variables specifying the mass quadrupole moment and its conjugate momentum.
Leptin and Adiponectin Modulate the Self-renewal of Normal Human Breast Epithelial Stem Cells

Multiple mechanisms are likely to account for the link between obesity and increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Two adipokines, leptin and adiponectin, are of particular interest due to their opposing biologic functions and associations with breast cancer risk. In the current study, we investigated the effects of leptin and adiponectin on normal breast epithelial stem cells. Levels of leptin in human adipose explant-derived conditioned media positively correlated with the size of the normal breast stem cell pool. In contrast, an inverse relationship was found for adiponectin. Moreover, a strong linear relationship was observed between the leptin/adiponectin ratio in adipose conditioned media and breast stem cell self-renewal. Consistent with these findings, exogenous leptin stimulated whereas adiponectin suppressed breast stem cell self-renewal. In addition to local in-breast effects, circulating factors, including leptin and adiponectin, may contribute to the link between obesity and breast cancer. Increased levels of leptin and reduced amounts of adiponectin were found in serum from obese compared with age-matched lean postmenopausal women. Interestingly, serum from obese women increased stem cell self-renewal by 30% compared with only 7% for lean control serum. Taken together, these data suggest a plausible explanation for the obesity-driven increase in postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Leptin and adiponectin may function as both endocrine and paracrine/juxtacrine factors to modulate the size of the normal stem cell pool. Interventions that disrupt this axis and thereby normalize breast stem cell self-renewal could reduce the risk of breast cancer.
Orally administered IGF-I increases intestinal mucosal growth in formula-fed neonatal pigs

Our objective was to determine the potentially anabolic effects of orally administered recombinant human insulin-link growth factor I (rhIGF-I)on small intestinal growth in formula-fed neonatal pigs. Unsuckled neonatal pigs received formula or formula containing added rhIGF-I (3.5 mg.kg-1.day-1) from birth to 4 days of age. Pigs in both groups were fed 30 ml/kg formula every 2 h on day 1 and then every 4 h on days 2-4, and blood was sampled daily. Oral administration of rhIGF-I to formula-fed neonatal pigs increased small intestinal weight, protein, and DNA content,but not length. Jejunal and ileal villus height, but not crypt depth or muscularis thickness, also were increased by oral rhIGF-I administration. Neither the circulating concentration of IGF-I nor the IGF-binding proteins differed between control and oral rhIGF-treated pigs, suggesting that the absorption of orally administered rhIGF-I from the intestinal lumen into the peripheral circulation was limited. Our results demonstrate that oral administration of rhIGF-I during the first 4 days after birth significantly increased small intestinal mucosal growth in formula-fed neonatal pigs. These results suggest that oral administration of rhIGF-I may be a viable therapeutic approach to enhance intestinal growth in neonates.
Cautionary Note on the Use of Pulse Pressure as a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease

To the Editor: Dr Franklin and others have reported a number of important findings from the Framingham data set. In the latest article, 1 the authors have concluded that, among systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressures, pulse pressure is the strongest predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD) in persons 60 years of age and older. However, the relative importance of various blood pressure measures as predictors for CHD risk is not, in our opinion, tested properly. We believe that the statistical analyses comparing different measures of blood pressure are flawed in this and other studies. 2–4 A common means of comparing different blood pressures for CHD prediction is to examine the relative risk (RR) or hazard ratio (HR) of a CHD event that would result from a change of 10 mm Hg in each pressure measure. 1–4 However, comparing risks or hazards of two different continuous measures is only valid if the amount of change in one measure is comparable …
Does neighborhood matter? Assessing recent evidence

Abstract This article synthesizes findings from a wide range of empirical research into how neighborhoods affect families and children. It lays out a conceptual framework for understanding how neighborhoods may affect people at different life stages. It then identifies methodological challenges, summarizes past research findings, and suggests priorities for future work. Despite a growing body of evidence that neighborhood conditions play a role in shaping individual outcomes, serious methodological challenges remain that suggest some caution in interpreting this evidence. Moreover, no consensus emerges about which neighborhood characteristics affect which outcomes, or about what types of families may be most influenced by neighborhood conditions. Finally, existing studies provide little empirical evidence about the causal mechanisms through which neighborhood environment influences individual outcomes. To be useful to policy makers, future empirical research should tackle the critical question of how and ...
Interspecific differences in growth of somatic and reproductive tissues during the breeding season in Menidia menidia and M. beryllina

The annual atherinid fishes, Menidia menidia and M. beryllina, are extremely similar morphologically, but appear to differ in their energetics and life histories. They emerge from winter in relatively emaciated condition. Menidia menidia males and females showed little change in carcass weight but significant increases in gonad weight in March and April prior to spawning in May. Female liver weight increased in March and remained high. Thus, this species had reached its reproductive size in the autumn and allocated its energy to gonadal growth during the spring. Menidia beryllina showed no significant increases in weight until early May, when carcass, liver and gonad all increased simultaneously, a pattern very different from its congener. The later spawning of M. beryllina is probably due both to its need for carcass growth in spring prior to spawning and to its apparent requirement for warmer water for growth. Females of both species invested more into liver and gonad than did males. Maximum gonadosomatic index was about twice as large for M. menidia males as for M. beryllina males, but the index was similar for females of both species.
Scientific opportunities at the proposed 6–7 GeV advanced photon source*

The availability of synchrotron radiation from bending magnet sources has contributed in a major way to new research in physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, and technologies. The newly proposed 6–7 GeV Advanced Photon Source based on insertion device sources (undulators and wigglers) will enhance the research capability in all these areas many-fold and provide new opportunites in even wider ranges of scientific and technological research. The characteristics of the synchrotron radiation from the insertion devices on a 6–7 GeV Advanced Photon Source will be discussed, highlighting their high brilliance and low beam divergence. Some of the unique scientific opportunities provided by such an insertion-device-based X-ray source will be presented.
Two-electron dephasing in single Si and GaAs quantum dots

We study the dephasing of two-electron states in a single quantum dot in both GaAs and Si. We investigate dephasing induced by electron-phonon coupling and by charge noise analytically for pure orbital excitations in GaAs and Si, as well as for pure valley excitations in Si. In GaAs, polar optical phonons give rise to the most important contribution, leading to a typical dephasing rate of $\ensuremath{\sim}$5.9 GHz. For Si, intervalley optical phonons lead to a typical dephasing rate of $\ensuremath{\sim}$140 kHz for orbital excitations and $\ensuremath{\sim}$1.1 MHz for valley excitations. For harmonic, disorder-free quantum dots, charge noise is highly suppressed for both orbital and valley excitations, since neither has an appreciable dipole moment to couple to electric field variations from charge fluctuators. However, both anharmonicity and disorder break the symmetry of the system, which can lead to increased dipole moments and therefore faster dephasing rates.
Psychological influences on immunity

Abstract Epidemiologic studies link greater distress with increased morbidity and mortality. Both major and minor stressful events may alter immune function in humans. Conversely, distress-reducing interventions such as relaxation may enhance some aspects of immune function. The authors review the relationship between stressful life events, depression, and measured changes in immune function. They also examine the evidence for a relationship between distress and carcinogenesis.
Preparation, characterization and electrochemical properties of technetium(II) complexes with 1,2-bis(diethylphosphino)ethane (depe) and dithiocarbamate ligands. Single-crystal structural analysis of [Tc((CH3)2NCS2)(DEPE2)](PF6)

Abstract Three technetium(II) complexes of the type [Tc(dtc)(DEPE)2]+ have been newly prepared and isolated, where DEPE denotes 1,2-bis(diethylphosphino)ethane and dtc represents dimethyldithiocarbamate (dmdc), diethyldithiocarbamate (dedc) or pentamethylenedithiocarbamate (pmdc). The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, UV-vis spectroscopy. FAB mass spectroscopy, electrochemistry and high performance liquid chromatography. Bidentate coordination of the dithiocarbamate ligand is confirmed by a single-crystal structural analysis of the prototypical complex [Tc(dmdc) (DEPE)2](PF6). Bond lengths around the approximately octahedral technetium(II) centre are TcS = 2.449(6), TcP (trans to P) = 2.43(2) and TcP (trans to S) = 2.38(2) A. The TcP length trans to the sulphur atom is significantly shorter than that which is trans to a phosphorus atom. Electrochemical measurements for the [Tc(dtc)(DEPE)2]+ complexes show a reversible technetium(II/I) couple between −0.517 and −0.544 V (vs Ag/AgCl) and another reversible technetium(III/II) couple ranging from +0.298 to +0.312 V (vs Ag/AgCl) in 0.5 M TEAP/DMF. The relevance of this chemistry to the design and development of new technetium radiopharmaceuticals is briefly discussed.
Structural dynamics and transient electric-field effects in ultrafast electron diffraction from surfaces

Ultrafast electron microscopy and diffraction provide direct visualization of structural dynamics with atomic scale resolution. In surface diffraction studies, it may have been assumed that the generation of transient electric fields could mask some features of structural dynamics. Here, we show that such an effect is irrelevant when ultrafast electron microscopy is invoked. It is also demonstrated that for the diffraction investigation of surfaces at grazing angles it is straightforward to observe the structural dynamics provided that simple controls are made for diffraction dependencies on order and intensity, and a comparison with the behavior of the undiffracted beam.
ANALYSIS OF PROPONENT MITIGATED DEVELOPMENT PLANS FOR TRAFFIC NOISE

Proponent mitigated development (PMD) strategies are used in the planning stages of new development to bring about compatibility between noise sensitive land uses and transportation noise. Development can be a transportation project initiated by a transportation agency or it can be a noise sensitive land use initiated by a private developer. In either case, the proponent of the development bears the responsibility for mitigation of transportation noise to bring about noise and land use compatibility. Noise and land use compatibility programs that make use of proponent mitigated development strategies were studied to identify critical program elements, measures of effectiveness, and the steps to be taken for program implementation. It was found that proponent mitigated development strategies can be an effective complement to land use zoning in traffic noise and land use compatibility programs. Further, administrators of existing programs report minimal maintenance costs to planning agencies, and suggest th...
Platelet disaggregation after coronary stent thrombosis

![Figure][1] A 50-year-old man with a history of diabetes and a thymoma was referred for cardiac catheterization after the finding of anterior-wall ischemia on a pre-operative stress test. Coronary angiography revealed a significant stenosis of the mid-left anterior descending coronary artery
Anatomic connections of the fastigial nucleus to the rostral forebrain in the cat

Abstract Unilateral electrolytic lesions of the fastigial nucleus of the cerebellum were made in six cats with a cauterizing current to a stereotaxically implanted electrode. Cats were perfused at days 6, 7, or 8 after this procedure, and their brains were serially sectioned at 300-μm intervals for staining by the Nauta-Gygax, Fink-Heimer procedure I, and cresylechtviolet methods. Lesions affected more than 80% of the fastigial nucleus in three cats and about 40% of the nucleus in one cat. The lesion did not involve the nucleus in two cats. Brains of the cats with the extensive lesions showed degenerating fibers into the hypothalamus, the central nuclei of the thalamus, and into several sites of the septal region, including nucleus accumbens septi, nucleus of the diagonal band (Broca), the dorsal anterior and medial septal nuclei, and more rostral into sites of the orbital gyri and into the gyrus rectus. Degenerating fibers to the more rostral sites traversed the internal capsule into the cingulum before coursing rostral ventrally. Although degeneration was noted bilaterally, ipsilateral degeneration was heavier at all sites. No ascending degenerating fibers were seen in the brains of the cats in which the nucleus was spared. Fink-Heimer preparations showed terminal degeneration in nuclei at the sites noted above. The rostral projections of the fastigial nucleus demonstrated by anatomic technics for the first time in this study correspond with those we previously demonstrated by electrically evoked potentials.
Intracerebroventricular morphine produces diuresis 24 h after previous dynorphin/morphine treatment.

Abstract The effect of dynorphin A-(1–13) on morphine-induced urine output was studied in the rat. The previous simultaneous intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of dynorphin (20 μg/rat) and morphine (20 μg/rat) altered the response of rat given morphine (20 μg/rat) 24 h later, producing a 3-fold increase in urine output. In contrast, previous injection of dynorphin or morphine alone had no effect.
Nonlinear Reverse-time Inversion of Elastic Offset VSP Data

An iterative nonlinear inversion algorithm for two-dimensional elastic media gives estimates of P-velocity and S-velocity distributions from synthetic offset vertical seismic profiles. The algorithm is a hybrid of inversion, augmented with principles borrowed from reverse-time migration. Gradients of the misfit function are dynamically determined by cross-correlations of the incident wavefields with the scattered compressional and shear wavefields. Model perturbations are defined in the steepest descent direction. In order to optimize the sensitivity of the inversion to both compressional and shear velocity distributions, two data collection experiments are required, one with a compressional wave source and the other with a shear wave source.
Formation, structure, and bonding of boron-vacancy pairs in graphene: A first-principles study

Using density-functional theory calculations, we examine how a mobile single vacancy $(V)$ interacts with substitutional boron (B) in graphene and the effect of boron-vacancy $(\text{B}V)$ pairing on the electronic structure of graphene. We find that B in a $\text{B}V$ pair energetically favors fourfold coordination, rather than remaining twofold coordinated, by forming a distorted tetrahedral structure with neighboring C lattice atoms. In the fourfold state, the binding energy of a $\text{B}V$ pair is predicted to be 2.54 eV with respect to B and $V$. Our calculations also suggest magnetic-moment oscillations by interconversion between the twofold $(1\text{ }{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\text{B}})$ and fourfold $(0\text{ }{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\text{B}})$ states, as their energy difference is rather moderate $(\ensuremath{\approx}0.3\text{ }\text{eV})$. We also discuss the bonding mechanisms of a $\text{B}V$ pair in the twofold and fourfold states and modifications in the electronic structure of graphene by $\text{B}V$ pairing as compared to isolated B and $V$ cases. Finally, the pathways and energetics of $V$ migration in the vicinity of B are calculated; the results suggest that B is likely to trap mobile single vacancies within a certain radius and can possibly serve as an anchor for vacancy clusters.
Transfer factor in vitro: nonspecificity of components that enhance lymphocyte proliferation to antigen.

Abstract Dialysates of human leukocyte extracts (DLE) containing transfer factor have been shown in man to transfer cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity and in vitro to enhance lymphocyte proliferation to specific antigens. Reciprocal multifactorial experiments reported herein indicate that the in vitro effect does not require DLE donor sensitivity to the antigen used to stimulate the recipient lymphocytes. Active material can be derived from diverse tissue culture sources such as lung fibroblasts, baby hamster kidney cells, and mouse L-cells. DLE can produce an effect in a 7-day culture when added as late as the third day suggesting an effect on proliferation rather than on antigen recognition and transformation. The implications of these in vitro effects on possible mechanisms of action of DLE in vivo are considered.
PREDICTIVE STRATEGIES AND THE NEED TO CONFIRM THEM: SOME NOTES ON PATHOLOGICAL TYPES OF DECISIONS

Sz~mn?ary.-The point of view presented in this paper is that some forms of psychopathological behavior can be understood in terms of the ways in which people anticipate their environment and the behavioral decisions they make in relation to such anticipations. Through effective predictive strategies the individual may rake adv~ntage of rewards in the environment, prepare for unpleasantness, and keep conflict at a minimum. A need to confirm predictive strategies is hypothesized, even where such confirmation involves pain to the individual. Some forms of psychopathological behavior are viewed as representing attempts on the part of the individual to confirm a predictive strategy. Other forms of pathology are interpreted in rerms of the predictive srraregies themselves. Ir is felt thrt the conceptualization presented may be useful both in research and in therapy. The theoretical formclation presented in this paper is derived from esperimental research, decision-making theory, and clinical observation. The basic point of view presented is that some forms of psychopnrhological behavior can be understood in terms of the ways in which people anticipate their environment and the behavioral decisions they make in relat~on to such anticipq ' tlons. ' EXPECTANCIES, PREDICTIONS, AND PREDICTIVE STRATEGIES The formulation malces use of the following concepts: expectancy, prediction, predictive strategy. To clarify these concepts and the reasoning behind the proposed conceptualization, a brief description of a recent experiment by the author (Pervin, 1963 J is given. In this experiment Ss sat before a board wich blue, yellow and white lights. During the session a light would go on for 5 sec., would go off and then S wo~lld either be shocked or receive no shock. The colored lights were randomly associated wich shocks and no shocks, but Ss thought there was a relationship and so tried to determine a pattern which would enable them to anticipate whether or not a shock was coming. A shock acually followed a light on 5 out of 12 trials. If S thought that a shock was coming, he became tense and braced his leg in preparation. If he was pretty certain that there was no shock coming, he remained reasonably calm. Since he could either predict shock (brace) or no shock (remain calm) and either receive shock or no shock, the alternative prediction-event outcomes were: Predict Shock-Receive Shock; Predict Shock-Receive No Shock; Predict No ShockReceive Shock; Predict No Shock-Receive No Shock. If S predicted No Shock and no shock appeared, he was fine-there was no anxiecy, no pain and his
Using imagination and personalized suggestion to change people: A commentary

The methods and findings of Loftus and Mazzoni (1998) are examined from a multidisciplinary perspective in which both cognitive and motivational factors are hypothesized to influence memory. Drawing upon theories of social influence, the role of persuasion in memory reconstruction as well as behavior change in general is reviewed.
High-resolution crystal structures of Streptococcus pneumoniae nicotinamidase with trapped intermediates provide insights into the catalytic mechanism and inhibition by aldehydes .

Nicotinamidases are salvage enzymes that convert nicotinamide to nicotinic acid. These enzymes are essential for the recycling of nicotinamide into NAD+ in most prokaryotes and most single-cell and multicellular eukaryotes, but not in mammals. The significance of these enzymes for nicotinamide salvage and for NAD+ homeostasis has stimulated interest in nicotinamidases as possible antibiotic targets. Nicotinamidases are also regulators of intracellular nicotinamide concentrations, thereby regulating signaling of downstream NAD+-consuming enzymes, such as the NAD+-dependent deacetylases (sirtuins). Here, we report several high-resolution crystal structures of the nicotinamidase from Streptococcus pneumoniae (SpNic) in unliganded and ligand-bound forms. The structure of the C136S mutant in complex with nicotinamide provides details about substrate binding, while a trapped nicotinoyl thioester in a complex with SpNic reveals the structure of the proposed thioester reaction intermediate. Examination of the act...
Identification of cardiac myocytes in vivo and in vitro by the presence of glycogen and myofibrils

Abstract On the basis of cell shape, refractility under phase optics, spontaneous beating and nucleolar number, two cell types have been distinguished in embryonic heart cell cultures: M cells (myoblastlike) and F cells (fibroblast-like). However, by different criteria, more than two cell types have been found in the heart in vivo. In the present study, heart cell types are redefined by properties which can be used for identifying cells both in vitro and in vivo. Trypsin-dissociated cells from 7-day chick hearts were cultured for 24 h. PAS staining indicated that all M (thick, refractile) cells contain glycogen (gly + ), while most F (spread) cells do not (gly − ). Under the electronmicroscope, only gly + cells contain myofibrils; most of these cells beat spontaneously in culture. Gly − cells do not beat. Gly + cells with myofibrils as well as gly − cells are found in the inoculum and in the heart in vivo. The ultrastructure of gly + cells in vitro and of muscle cells in the myocardium in vivo is similar. Therefore, it is concluded that gly + cells in culture are derived from the myocardium (muscle) of the heart. Gly − cells are apparently derived from the epicardium, the endocardium and the endothelial lining of blood vessels.
Finite state markovian decision processes with weak and strong interactions

This paper is concerned with hierarchical control of a class of finite state continuous time Markovian decision processes having both weak and strong interactions. The state of the process can be divided into several groups such that transitions among the states within each group occur much more frequently than the transitions among the states belonging to different groups. This gives rise to a limiting control problem which is simpler to solve. The limiting problem is obtained by replacing the states in each group by the corresponding average distribution. A nearly optimal solution for the original problem is constructed by using an optimal solution to the limiting problem. Both discounted cost and long-run average cost criteria are considered. Error bounds of constructed controls are obtained for problems with both cost criteria. Finally, computational methods are discussed.
A History of Thrombolytic Therapy

Thrombolytic therapy has been available for the last 5 decades, but the modern era of thrombolysis began in the early 1990s, with the execution of 3 multicenter trials designed to compare this potentially less invasive therapy to the then standard of care for acute limb ischemia, open surgical revascularization. Even with the development of several bio-engineered lytic agents, the major risk of thrombolytic therapy continues to be bleeding complications. Nevertheless, data exist to suggest that thrombolysis should be considered as an adjunct to open surgery, percutaneous interventions, or, occasionally, as sole therapy for acute vascular occlusion. This review summarizes the developmental milestones in the history of thrombolysis and reviews data supporting its use in acute arterial occlusions.