cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low morbidity associated with use of n-butyl cyanoacrylate liquid adhesive for preoperative transarterial embolization of central nervous system tumors.

OBJECTIVE To determine the safety and efficacy of preoperative embolization of central nervous system tumors with n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) liquid adhesive. METHODS Over a 6-year period, 35 consecutive patients (12 women, 23 men; mean age, 42 yr; range, 6 mo-75 yr) with a central nervous system tumor underwent preoperative embolization with NBCA. Tumor type, location, endovascular and surgical treatment, percent of tumor embolization, estimated blood loss, and neurological deficits related to embolization were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS One hundred feeding arteries were embolized (mean, 3 vessels/patient). In only one (3%) case was a normal artery inadvertently occluded by the embolization. During the follow-up period, the resulting neurological deficit resolved completely. There were no neurological deficits or inadvertent embolization events in the remaining 34 cases. The mean percent of tumor embolized was 68%, but this did not significantly correlate with operative blood loss (Pearson's correlation coefficient, r = 0.049). CONCLUSION In experienced hands, central nervous system tumors can be embolized with NBCA liquid adhesive with a high degree of safety and efficacy. We think that adroit embolization technique with NBCA and other embolisates should be part of the contemporary neuroendovascular armamentarium.
Some possible directions for research on multifamily housing

Abstract The combination of a growing demand for information and a literature that has not emphasized multifamily housing has produced an information gap in multifamily housing research. This article seeks to shed light on the areas in which the information gap is widest and to put forth a research agenda for the study of multifamily housing. The article starts from a definition of multifamily housing that includes all rental housing in structures with five or more units, and it goes on to develop a more precise definition. Next the various components of the market for multifamily housing are discussed. These include the demand and supply of multifamily housing and its sources of financing. The discussion examines each of these components with an eye toward identifying questions and issues in need of further study. Data needed for further research are the subject of the sixth section. The final section highlights questions of particular interest to public policy makers. Because of the lack of information ...
Photoinduced Desorption of Molecules from Metal Surfaces Using Femtosecond Pulses: A Model Dynamical Study

The influence of a femtosecond laser pulse on an adsorbate molecule−metal surface system is investigated by considering a time-dependent coupling between the ground- and excited-state potential energy curves using the time-dependent quantum mechanical wave packet approach. It is shown that the probability of desorption is strongly dependent on the duration of the coupling and the image−charge attraction and that it increases with increase in vibrational excitation of the metal−adsorbate bond.
Campaign Duration and Election Outcomes

Does campaign duration affect election outcomes? To date, this question has largely evaded political scientists, but it is reasonable to expect systematic links between campaign length and candidate performance in elections. We hypothesize that longer campaigns would help challengers' electoral fortunes, thereby curbing incumbency advantage and potentially boosting competitiveness in elections. Using two data sources, aggregate data from U.S. House elections between 1994 and 2006 and ANES survey data from the 2002 election cycle, we find little evidence to support contentions that campaign length affects election outcomes or candidate familiarity. The results we report suggest the political consequences, intended or not, to choices about election timing are likely minimal.
Another Disease Re-emerges Due to Parental Shot Refusal: Case Report of a Fussy Infant with Blood in Stool.

Abstract Background Infants may present to the emergency department (ED) with vague complaints worrisome to parents and may initially appear well, despite serious underlying pathology. Whereas sepsis and nonaccidental trauma are high on most providers' diagnostic considerations, we report a case representative of a worrisome trend secondary to the refusal of parenteral vitamin K at birth leading to significant neurologic sequelae. Case Report A 10-week-old boy presented to the ED with gradual increase in fussiness for 2 weeks and new onset of blood flecks in the stool on the day of presentation. Careful physical examination revealed a pale-appearing infant, leading to diagnostic evaluation demonstrating profound anemia and intracranial bleeding. The patient was diagnosed with late-onset vitamin K-deficient bleeding (VKDB) secondary to parental refusal of the vitamin K shot at birth. Why Should Emergency Physicians be Aware of This? Emergency Medicine providers need to add this serious treatable disease into their diagnostic consideration for fussy infants, infants with unexplained bruising or bleeding, or infants with new-onset seizures. Rapid identification of VKDB can lead to prompt treatment and halt the rapid progression of symptoms. Emergency Medicine providers should ask all parents if their infant received parenteral vitamin K in the newborn period, especially if they are exclusively breastfed or born out of the hospital.
Effects of Selected Minerals on Acid-Base Balance and Tibial Dyschondroplasia in Broiler Chickens

Abstract Experiments were conducted to determine the relative acidogenicities of several anions, including chloride, sulfate, and mono-, di-, and tribasic phosphate in commercial broiler chickens. Graded levels (80 and 160 meq/kg of diet in two experiments; 50, 100, and 150 meq/kg in a third experiment) of all anions were substituted as calcium salts on a molar equivalent basis for calcium carbonate in a semipurified diet. All diets contained equivalent amounts of calcium. The occurrence of tibial dyschondroplasia was determined by visual scoring of the epiphyseal growth plate in the distal end of the tibiotarsus. None of the anions added to the diet at levels of 160 meq/kg or less affected body weight or feed consumption. A higher level of chloride (240 meq/kg) that was utilized in some experiments decreased weight gain by 16 to 22%. All anions except tribasic phosphate resulted in reduced blood pH or bicarbonate concentrations or both. Monobasic phosphate was more acidogenic than dibasic phosphate and sulfate and chloride was the most acidogenic of all mineral anions. All anions including tribasic phosphate increased the severity of tibial dyschondroplasia. There was no consistent relationship between blood pH, bicarbonate concentration, or partial pressure of CO2 and the severity of tibial dyschondroplasia.
Exploring the design space for resistive nonvolatile memory crossbar arrays with mixed ionic-electronic-conduction (MIEC)-based Access Devices

Using circuit-level SPICE simulations, we explore the design constraints on crossbar arrays composed of a nonvolatile memory (NVM) (+1R) and a highly nonlinear Access Device (AD) enabled by Cu-containing Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conduction (MIEC) materials [1-5]. Such ADs must maintain ultra-low leakage through a large number of unselected and partially selected 1AD+1R cells, while delivering high currents to the few cells selected for either read or write. We show that power consumption during write, not read margin, is the most stringent constraint for large 1AD+1R crossbar arrays, with NVM switching voltage V NVM and selector voltage margin V m being much more critical than write current. We show that scaled MIEC devices (V m ~ 1.54V [4]) can support 1Mb arrays for V NVM up to 1.2V. Stacking two MIEC devices enables V NVM ~ 2.4V. A 20% improvement in V m can either enable a 4× increase in array size or counteract a 5× increase in interconnect line resistance.
The effect of tannins and pH on the corrosion of metals in wood extracts

Tannins and pH are often cited as factors that affect the corrosiveness of wood yet there are few data to confirm these statements. The purpose of this paper is to systematically investigate the effect of tannins and pH on corrosion of metals in wood. Four wood species known to vary in both their pH and extractives were chosen and extracted with water. The pH, tannin content, and corrosion rate of carbon steel were determined for each extract. To test if pH and tannin were the only factors influencing corrosion, “synthetic” extracts were made by adding tannins to distilled water and adjusting the pH. At a given pH, increasing the tannin content inhibited corrosion and at a given level of tannin content, lowering the pH increased corrosion. An isocorrosion map as a function of pH and tannins was developed by using simple kinetic models to extrapolate the data. The data may be useful in estimating the relative corrosiveness of new, nonmetallic wood preservatives based upon the chemistry of naturally durable wood species.
Influence of cadaver donor age on the success of kidney transplants.

Abstract To investigate the impact of donor age on the outcome of renal transplants, a retrospective analysis of 440 consecutive cadaver donor kidney transplants were performed by dividing the transplants into six groups, according to the decade of donor age. These groups were comparable with regard to recipient age, sex, race, and HLA matching grade, while the pediatric group received kidneys preferentially from the first and second decade donors. Although cadaver donor age, between 11 and 50 years, did not appear to influence the result of kidney transplants, the kidneys retrieved from the first and sixth or higher decades of donors fared significantly worse. Improved criteria for the evaluation, selection, and management of cadaver donors of extreme ages is needed to achieve a satisfactory result.
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis in a Hispanic man after the administration of prednisone.

Objective: To present a case of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) in a Hispanic man and to discuss the potential precipitating mechanisms. Methods: We review the clinical and laboratory findings relative to the occurrence of TPP in a 34-year-old Hispanic man, who had been diagnosed as having Graves' disease. Results: TPP is a rare complication of thyrotoxicosis. The two known triggers of TPP are high carbohydrate intake and rest after strenuous physical activity. Other precipitating factors include ingestion of alcohol, infection, trauma, emotional stress, and exposure to cold. Nonselective b -adrenergic blocking agents are used as prophylaxis for the paralytic attacks. Glucocorticoids have been used to treat nonresponsive and recurrent episodes. Nevertheless, our patient, a 34-year-old Hispanic man, had received propranolol for 7 days and one single dose of prednisone 2 hours before the onset of the paralysis. In patients with TPP, the Na+/K+-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) pump activity is considerab...
Competitive blind spots in an institutional field

Unlike institutional or macro-cultural explanations of competition, competition need not be viewed as a shared social reality. Instead, competition can be interpreted differently by multiple stakeholders of a value chain. However, due to managerial blind spots, such various interpretations of competition are less than apparent to management. Yet explanations of such blind spots are not well documented. Hence, to explain such blind spots, a conceptual model based on overconfidence biases is developed in which managers develop a ‘self-centered’ view of competition that blinds them from the competitive beliefs of their value chain customers. Differences in competitive beliefs, thus, arise and are argued to contribute to such managerial blind spots. Furthermore, to empirically examine such managerial blind spots, the competitive perceptions held by various members of a swine genetics value chain were surveyed. Through cluster and MANOVA analyses, this study shows that, unlike institutional/macro-cultural explanations of competition, these members do not share a common consensus of the key attributes and groupings of competition. The implications and contributions of this study are also discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An investigative assessment of the need for individual learning support for a Y9 pupil with learning difficulties and ADHD

Abstract R, a Y9 pupil with ADHD in a residential special school, KEYW ORDS is not managing to access the curriculum owing to his distractibility ADHD; and aggressive behaviour. Efforts to help him by adjusting prescribed individual medication are unsuccessful. Evidence is collected to assess his need for support; individual support as an alternative. Data are gathered through indi-residential vidual interviews, analysis of daily staff reports, and structured behav-school ioural observation. Analysis using a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches shows that R functions more successfully when individually supported by an adult, and suggests that the quality of his relationship with that person is also significant.
Mismatch repair protein hMSH2–hMSH6 recognizes mismatches and forms sliding clamps within a D-loop recombination intermediate

High fidelity homologous DNA recombination depends on mismatch repair (MMR), which antagonizes recombination between divergent sequences by rejecting heteroduplex DNA containing excessive nucleotide mismatches. The hMSH2–hMSH6 heterodimer is the first responder in postreplicative MMR and also plays a prominent role in heteroduplex rejection. Whether a similar molecular mechanism underlies its function in these two processes remains enigmatic. We have determined that hMSH2–hMSH6 efficiently recognizes mismatches within a D-loop recombination initiation intermediate. Mismatch recognition by hMSH2–hMSH6 is not abrogated by human replication protein A (HsRPA) bound to the displaced single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or by HsRAD51. In addition, ATP-bound hMSH2–hMSH6 sliding clamps that are essential for downstream MMR processes are formed and constrained within the heteroduplex region of the D-loop. Moreover, the hMSH2–hMSH6 sliding clamps are stabilized on the D-loop by HsRPA bound to the displaced ssDNA. Our findings reveal similarities and differences in hMSH2–hMSH6 mismatch recognition and sliding-clamp formation between a D-loop recombination intermediate and linear duplex DNA.
Reflective Probing of the Electrical Conductivity of Hot Aluminum in the Solid, Liquid, and Plasma Phases

Abstract : The physics of dense aluminum in transition between metallic and insulating states of the solid, liquid, and plasma phases is probed in thermally equilibrated, inertially confined, laser heated targets. Time resolved laser probes measure the reflectivity of thin aluminum layers embedded inside the target. The electrical conductivity is inferred from the reflectivity with a free-electron Drude conduction model. It is found to be sharply below liquid aluminum values and differs by at least an order of magnitude from current theoretical predictions.
Accurate computed tomography-based portal pressure assessment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background & Aims Liver resection is generally restricted to patients without clinically significant portal hypertension (Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient – HVPG – ⩽10mmHg) and several teams perform transjugular HVPG measurements as part of the pre-operative work-up. The present study investigates whether a non-invasive Computed Tomography (CT)-based assessment could be as accurate as the invasive transjugular measurement. Methods A cohort of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated by resection (n=36) or transplantation (n=39) was selected (mean age: 61±9.2years, male/female ratio: 4/1). Pre-operative CTs were read by two independent investigators, and potential CT-based HVPG predictors were compared to the transjugular HVPG measurements. A validation was conducted on another cohort of 70 non-surgical patients. Results The invasive HVPG values were significantly correlated to liver/spleen volume ratio, spleen volume, platelet count, and peri-hepatic ascites ( p 10mmHg was best predicted by the liver/spleen volume ratio (AUC: 0.883 [0.805–0.960]) and the peri-hepatic ascites ( p 10mmHg (AUC: 0.911 [0.847–0.975]), with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 92%, 79%, 91%, and 81%. The model was also accurate in the validation cohort with an AUC of 0.820 [0.719–0.921]. The computed formula was: HVPG score = 17.37 - 4.91 ∗ ln(Liver/Spleen volume ratio) + 3.8 [if presence of peri-hepatic ascites] Conclusions The proposed CT-based model showed a high accuracy in the prediction of HVPG and, if further confirmed by prospective validation, could replace the invasive transjugular assessment in patients not requiring a biopsy of the non-tumoral liver.
Quantitative gap analysis for the West Coast of Florida based on experts’ opinion

The primary objective of this study was to identify gaps in coastal and marine data available through the Gulf Geospatial Assessment of Marine Ecosystems (GAME) project for the west coast of Florida. A survey was designed and sent to more than 2,000 experts working with coastal and ocean issues in the Gulf of Mexico to elicit their opinions. The survey asked the experts to rank 12 data categories and score the relevance of four qualifiers (spatial resolution, temporal resolution, age of data, and level of detail) using a discrete choice approach. The statistical interpretation of experts’ responses allowed assigning a relative value to each available data set, based upon their qualifiers. The results were then displayed in a Geographic Information System to visually show how the total value for all data categories or for a specific data category varies spatially and to identify data gaps. It was found that the total data set value is generally higher within Tampa Bay and along the coast. Areas with low total value show a lack of data sets that have qualifiers falling within the ideal range, as per experts’ opinions. The gap maps created for this project are useful to identify priority areas where money should be invested for future data collection.
A Group Learning Intervention into How Women Learn Empathy in Prison

A group learning intervention was carried out with a group of women incarcerated in a Texas state penitentiary. The author found that empathic practices typically learned and employed by female inmates in prison are limited to those containing a strong cognitive component. On the other hand, the logic of practice that developed within the research-driven learning group was one involving empathic practices with a strong affective component. The repertoire of possible empathic practices available to participants was thus expanded to include these alternatives. It is speculated that a program such as the one developed by the research team would better prepare participants for the variety of social relationships in which they engage in the “free world.”
Higher-order asymptotic analysis of dispersion-managed transmission systems: solutions and their characteristics

A higher-order, multiple-scale asymptotic analysis is made of the perturbed nonlinear Schrodinger equation in a strong dispersion-managed optical transmission system. It is found that the averaged equation with the next-order term included significantly improves the description of the characteristics of dispersion-managed solitons. The derived equation is shown to support a new class of soliton solutions, namely, multihump solitons, which depend on both the map strength and dispersion profile. Numerical evidence of the regions of existence and stability of such new solitons is discussed.
Lectin‐mediated agglutination of plant protoplasts

The ability of concanavalin A, soybean agglutinin and lectins from Pisum sativum and Bandeiraea simplicifolia to mediate the agglutination of protoplasts prepared from Nicotiana glauca, Zea mays, and Lactuca sativa was assessed. Pea lectin failed to mediate agglutination; the other lectins agglutinated the three cell types tested. A microtiter assay was used to assess the activity of the lectins. The three active lectins had different activities against each of the protoplast types tested.
Possible Mechanism of Decreased Susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to Penicillin

By use of (14)C-labeled benzyl penicillin, it has been established that beta-lactamases and/or acylases play no role in the resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to penicillin. It has been found, however, that very susceptible strains of the organisms (minimal inhibitory concentration, 0.008 mug/ml) bind 10 to 15 times as much penicillin as do moderately to highly resistant strains of the gonoccoccus (minimal inhibitory concentration, 0.125 to 2.0 mug/ml). It is postulated that this degree of change in binding components of the whole cell and whole cytoplasmic membrane is sufficient to account for the decreased susceptibility of the organism to penicillin.
The Fermilab accelerator controls networking system

Abstract The Fermilab Accelerator Control System is a highly distributed computer-based control system. The accelerator complex is controlled from widely separated points by a system of three VAX-11/785s, twenty-three PDP-11s of several types and nearly one thousand microprocessors. The host system of VAXs and PDP-11s is centrally located and interconnected by three PCL11-B parallel communication buses and networking software developed at Fermilab. ACNET, Accelerator Control NETwork, is a network protocol designed to provide high performance in data acquisition from and process control of the accelerator complex. This paper presents a description of the ACNET protocol and a discussion of its implementation and performance in the currently operating control system.
Raman scattering from interface modes in Ga 1-x In x Sb/InAs superlattices

In this study we use Raman scattering from Ga{sub 1{minus}{ital x}}In{sub {ital x}}Sb/InAs grown by molecular-beam epitaxy superlattices to identify and study interface modes. Those modes are localized around the interfaces of the superlattices. We identify three types of longitudinal interface modes; two GaAs-like and one InSb-like. The frequency and the Raman activity of those modes are in good agreement with theoretical calculations. In addition, it is shown that the interface modes can be used to identify the interface composition (InSb or GaAs) for a variety of samples grown under controlled shutter sequences.
PRACTICAL REASONS FOR INVESTIGATING ION TRANSPORT IN HIGH TEMPERATURE INSULATING MATERIALS

Practical problems encountered in a number of advanced technology applications, particularly those related to energy conversion, are discussed. Refractory ionic compounds which are abundant and of high melting point are listed, and technological problems are discussed in terms of specific materials problems. The argument is made that basic information concerning transport properties in refractory compounds is lacking to such an extent that it is difficult to design and assess advanced energy generation systems. Technology applications include (a) ceramic nuclear fuels for high temperature fission reactors, (b) high temperature gas turbine blades, (c) insulators in controlled thermonuclear reactors, and (d) magnetohydrodynamic generators. Some of the difficulties inherent in making transport property measurements at high temperatures are also listed.
Studies on acute disease models.

Investigations utilizing the isolated perfused tubule technique have greatly enhanced our understanding of normal renal physiology. Recently, however, these methods have been applied to disease models to provide information on the kidney's response to acute and chronic pathologic conditions. The first such studies of disease models were those of Fine, Bricker and their colleagues on the remnant model of chronic renal failure summarized elsewhere in this symposium. We have been interested in examining the effect of acute renal injury on segmental nephron function. In addition, we wish to evaluate methods and maneuvers to ameliorate or prevent the acute renal tubular injury. This, we hope, will allow extention of our observations to clinically relevant situations and therapeutic modalities.
Theoretical studies of the angular distributions of oxygen atoms ejected from an ion bombarded c(2 × 2) overlayer of oxygen on Ni(001) II. Effect of interaction potential

Abstract A detailed molecular dynamics study has been performed in order to determine the influence of the interaction potential on the angles of ejection of oxygen atoms from an ion bombarded c(2 × 2) oxygen overlayer on Ni(001). The bonding site of the adsorbate appears to be the dominating factor which influences the angles of ejection. Changing the interaction potential affects the angular distribution similarly to varying the height of the adsorbate above the surface.
Temporal dynamics of plant community regeneration sources during tallgrass prairie restoration

Ecological restoration aims to augment and steer the composition and contribution of propagules for community regeneration in degraded environments. We quantified patterns in the abundance, richness, and diversity of seed and bud banks across an 11-year chronosequence of restored prairies and in prairie remnants to elucidate the degree to which the germinable seed bank, emerged seedlings, belowground buds, and emerged ramets were related to community regeneration. There were no directional patterns in the abundance, richness, or diversity of the germinable seed bank across the chronosequence. Emerged seedling abundance of sown species decreased during restoration. Richness and diversity of all emerged seedlings and non-sown emerged seedling species decreased across the chronosequence. Conversely, abundance and richness of belowground buds increased with restoration age and belowground bud diversity of sown species increased across the chronosequence. Numbers of emerged ramets also increased across the chronosequence and was driven primarily by the number of graminoid ramets. There were no temporal changes in abundance and richness of sown and non-sown emerged ramets, but diversity of sown emerged ramets increased across the chronosequence. This study demonstrates that after initial seeding, plant community structure in restored prairies increasingly reflects the composition of the bud bank.
ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF A TRAUMATIC SPLENIC HEMATOMA AND LITERATURE REVIEW

This report describes a presumed traumatic splenic hematoma in a six-year-old neutered male Greyhound presented for abdominal pain, vomiting, and anorexia. Multiple right-sided rib fractures and minimal pneumothorax were detected on radiographs. Using ultrasonography, an irregular, mixed anechoic and hypoechoic splenic mass was detected. Based on history and ultrasonographic findings, a traumatic splenic hematoma was diagnosed. In follow-up ultrasonographic evaluations there was progressive, and ultimately, complete resolution of this lesion. The animal was clinically normal at ten week follow-up and remains healthy. Clinical, radiographic, and ultrasonographic features of splenic hematomas are discussed, with emphasis on the changing ultrasonographic appearance over time. The different imaging modalities used in people to diagnose traumatic splenic hematoma are reviewed.
Laser-induced damage to nonlinear crystal-line materials

The parameters necessary to specify surface damage to nonlinear crystals are described and the power densities descriptive of the damage process are defined. The definition of the occurrences of surface damage is discussed and preliminary experimental results given for LiNbO 3 , Ba 2 NaNb 5 O 15 and several other materials irradiated by a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. These results obtained using TEM 00 and "multimode" lasers are analyzed and used to provide the basis for planning future experiments.
Experiments and computations of solitary-wave forces on a coastal-bridge deck. Part I: Flat Plate

Abstract Horizontal and vertical forces acting on a two-dimensional horizontal plate due to solitary waves are investigated by conducting a series of laboratory experiments as well as CFD calculations. A total of 133 cases were tested, including four water depths, four submergence depths and three elevations above the SWL, and five wave amplitudes. Following the experiments, computational results obtained by the CFD package OpenFOAM are presented for both vertical and horizontal forces. The comparisons made with the calculations show that OpenFOAM's InterFoam solver, that we specialized to Euler's equations here, can successfully simulate the data in many cases. With the wave force data presented here, it will now be possible to compare numerical predictions of various shallow-water wave equations with the experiments. The data will also be useful to estimate the tsunami loads on submerged structures, such as breakwaters, and elevated structures, such as coastal-bridge decks. The case of the flat plate, either submerged or elevated, is considered in this paper (Part I), while the case of a plate with girders will be discussed in a companion paper under the same title (Part II).
Data collected in Mongolia offers key clues to past climate

Located in the interior of the Asian continent, Mongolia lies at the northern limit of the Asian monsoon and occupies the zone of highest seasonal climate contrast on Earth. Sediment cores from Mongolian lakes contain crucial information about paleoclimatic variability from a region that is poorly understood relative to continental margins and ocean basins. As the locus of four very large (M≥8) earthquakes during this century, Mongolia is also a natural laboratory for studies of slip on active, intracontinental faults [see Molnar and Prentice, 1996].
Influence of inguinal node anatomy on radiation therapy techniques

A 1992 GOG (Gynecologic Oncology Group) study suggested that groin irradiation does not control microscopic inguinal node metastases as well as does surgical dissection. That trial has come under some scrutiny, as possible deficiencies in the radiation regimen used might have influenced results. The study received criticism for assigning a prescription point [Rx@3 cm below anterior skin surface] to patients which may not have given adequate coverage to the inguinal nodes. The inguinal node depths of 31 patients with cervical, vaginal, or vulvar malignancies were measured from their planning CT scans and then compared to depth of the prescription point designated by the radiation therapists in the aforementioned study. Twenty-four of eighty-one viable superficial inguinal node depth measurements were greater than 3 cm, and all of eighty-four deep inguinal node measurements were outside the three centimeter range. The results of this project would indicate that the depths of patients' inguinal nodes vary enough to justify alterations in some present external beam radiation therapy techniques. Indiscriminate prescription points will no longer suffice if groin radiation is to be effective, and treatment planning must utilize imaging studies to devise radiation regimens that provide optimal dose to the superficial and deep inguinal nodes.
Abnormal weight gain in rats with amygdaloid lesions

Abstract Marked weight again was observed in female rats given small electrolytic lesions in the dorsal posterior portion of the amygdala. With a standard lab pellet diet, weight gains typically ranged between 20–30 g during the first 3 postoperative days, and between 60–100 g over the first 20 days. Rats with sham lesions generally gained only 5–15 g in 20 days. The results are consistent with much older studies that reported obesity in cats, dogs, and primates with lesions of the amygdala.
The Icarus student satellite project

Abstract Students from the University of Michigan have developed a small satellite—dubbed Icarus—to serve as an active endmass for NASA's ProSEDS (Propulsive Small Expendable Deployer System) electrodynamic-tether propulsion mission. The ProSEDS experiment will be launched in early 2004 as a secondary payload attached to the second stage of a Delta-II rocket. Following the completion of the Delta-II primary mission, the Icarus endmass satellite will be cast off from the Delta-II second stage, deploying a 12 km space tether. Throughout tether deployment, and for the duration of the ProSEDS mission, Icarus will collect and transmit data on tether deployment and dynamics. The endmass is responsible for providing tether–endbody location information (using a GPS receiver) and endbody attitude dynamics (using an aspect magnetometer). The data from these instruments will be stored and transmitted to ground telemetry stations. This paper details the Icarus satellite system and lessons learned from the project.
Physical activity during pregnancy and risk of hyperglycemia.

Abstract Objective: To determine the association between moderate and vigorous physical activities (MVPA) during midpregnancy and the risk of hyperglycemia. Methods: Data were from 1437 pregnant women. Frequency, duration, and intensity of MVPA during the previous 7 days were collected via questionnaire at 17–22 weeks' gestation. Modes of MVPA included work, recreation, transportation, caregiving, and indoor and outdoor household activities. Hyperglycemia was defined as a glucose concentration ≥130 mg/dL on a 1-hour, 50-g glucose challenge test or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) assessed at ∼27 weeks' gestation. Multivariable Poisson regression estimated risks of hyperglycemia associated with total and mode-specific MVPA. Results: There were 269 women (18.7%) with hyperglycemia. Any metabolic equivalent (MET) hours/week of recreational MVPA was associated with a 27% lower risk of hyperglycemia (adjusted relative risk, [aRR] 0.73, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.54-0.99). Multiplicative interaction t...
Potential climate change impacts on Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) off the northeastern USA

We examined the potential impacts of future climate change on the distribution and production of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) on the northeastern USA’s continental shelf. We began by examining the response of cod to bottom water temperature changes observed over the past four decades using fishery-independent resource survey data. After accounting for the overall decline in cod during this period, we show that the probability of catching cod at specified locations decreased markedly with increasing bottom temperature. Our analysis of future changes in water temperature was based on output from three coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models under high and low CO2 emissions. An increase of 3.5°C in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. Under these conditions, cod appear vulnerable to a loss of thermal habitat on Georges Bank, with a substantial loss of thermal habitat farther south. We also examined temperature effects on cod recruitment and growth in one stock area, the Gulf of Maine, to explore potential implications for yield and resilience to fishing. Cod survival during the early life stages declined with increasing water temperatures, offsetting potential increases in growth with warmer temperatures and resulting in a predicted loss in yield and increased vulnerability to high fishing mortality rates. Substantial differential impacts under the low versus high emission scenarios are evident for cod off the northeastern USA.
Internal wave observations made with an airborne synthetic aperture imaging radar

Synthetic aperture L-band radar flown aboard the NASA CV-990 has observed periodic striations on the ocean surface off the coast of Alaska which have been interpreted as tidally excited oceanic internal waves of less than 500 m length. These radar images are compared to photographic imagery of similar waves taken from Landsat 1. Both the radar and Landsat images reveal variations in reflectivity across each wave in a packet that range from low to high to normal. The variations point to the simultaneous existence of two mechanisms for the surface signatures of internal waves: roughening due to wave-current interactions, and smoothing due to slick formation.
Loss of syk kinase during IgE-mediated stimulation of human basophils

Background Ongoing secretion from human basophils is a balance of activation and deactivation events. Recent studies have focused on downregulatory steps that appear to modify the presence of the activated state of various signaling molecules. We now examine downregulation regulated by mechanisms related to proteasome processing. Objective To determine the long-term effects of FceRI aggregation on expression of syk kinase. Methods Peripheral blood basophils were examined for changes in the expression of syk kinase after stimulation with optimal and suboptimal stimulation. Results Stimulation results in a 20% loss of syk in 1 hour and an 80% loss of syk in longer incubations (>18 hours). Loss of syk in this time frame can occur at levels of stimulation that do not result in observable mediator release. Loss of syk occurs after stimulation with either anti-IgE antibody or antigen. Activation is shown to result in c-Cbl phosphorylation, and its association with syk and immunoblotting reveals the appearance of a ladder of syk species with molecular weights that are consistent with ubiquitylation of syk. Stimulation in the presence of a proteasome inhibitor such as lactacystin A results in the sustained presence of very high-molecular-weight ubiquitylated species, although it does not alter the presence of the syk ladder. Conclusions Although the loss of syk is probably too slow to account for downregulation of ongoing secretion of histamine or leukotriene C4 release, it may lead to longer-term alterations in basophil function that explain characteristics of clinical procedures like rapid drug desensitization.
Evaluation of an intervention targeting both depressive and bulimic pathology: A randomized prevention trial

Because depressive and bulimic pathologies often co-occur among adolescent girls, a preventive program focusing on both disturbances would have clinical utility. Thus, we developed a cognitive-behavioral intervention targeting body dissatisfaction, an established risk factor for both conditions. A randomized prevention trial with late adolescent girls suggested that the intervention reduced body dissatisfaction, negative affect, depressive symptoms, and bulimic symptoms, but not dieting. Effects persisted through 3-month follow-up, but most faded by 6-month follow-up. Intervention effects on negative affect, depressive symptoms, and bulimic symptoms appeared to be mediated by change in body dissatisfaction. Participant age, ethnicity, and body mass did not moderate intervention effects. Results suggest that an intervention that improves body satisfaction might reduce depressive and bulimic symptoms but imply that greater emphasis on preventing future symptoms might be necessary for persistent effects.
Deliberate practice in teaching: what teachers do for self-improvement

Abstract Two studies investigated teacher activities that may lead to the development of competence, if not expertise. In Study I, 136 teachers indicated in a questionnaire that evaluation and planning activities (informal and formal) best parallel deliberate practice activities that Ericsson and colleagues report as accounting for expertise in other domains. In Study II, log data and interviews from eight experienced teachers indicated that these activities provide opportunities for self-improvement even though that may not have been why teachers did them. The frequent and mindful engagement in these activities, prompting cycles of teaching – evaluation – revision, may be what accounts for expertise.
Association between Alzheimer's disease and bound autochthonous IgM on T cells.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is an association between the number of peripheral T cells binding IgM per total T cell population (%IgM + T cells) and dementia. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Two inpatient and two outpatient sites at a university medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-three adults. MEASUREMENTS: Peripheral blood was collected from each individual, and the %IgM + T cells was determined by flow cytometry. The data obtained by medical record chart review were analyzed to determine whether the %IgM + T cells correlated with cognitive diagnoses, demographic variables, medical diagnoses, or prescribed medications. RESULTS: The %IgM + T cells was negatively correlated with MMSE scores (r = -.33, P = .016). There was a significant difference in the mean %IgM + T cells between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and non-AD patients (35.6% ± 30.2% vs 14.6% ± 23.9%, P < .001) but no statistically significant association between the mean %IgM + T cells and age, sex, race, prescribed medications (except gastrointestinal (GI) medications), or medical diagnoses (except stroke). After statistically controlling for GI medications and stroke, AD remained independently associated with the %IgM + T cells (P = .008). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with AD had significantly more of their T cells coated with IgM than did non-AD patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 44:1362–1365, 1996.
Analysis of structure-function relationships of yeast TATA box binding factor TFIID.

Abstract A systematic series of N-terminal, C-terminal, and internal deletion mutants of S. cerevisiae TFIID were expressed in vitro and tested for TATA box binding and basal level transcription activities using, respectively, DNA mobility shift and in vitro transcription assays. The domains responsible for these activities were colocalized to a surprisingly large region containing C-terminal residues 63–240. This region was noted previously to contain potentially interesting structural motifs (central basic core, direct repeats, and sigma factor homology) and, more recently, to be highly conserved among TFIID from different species. Deletion mutant cotranslation studies revealed that TFIID binds DNA as a monomer. The implications of these results for TFIID structure and function are discussed.
The Birth of Period Three

Xn+l = rXnO -Xn),(1) where 0 < x_ 1 and 0 < r < 4. In other words, given some starting number 0 < xl < 1, we generate a new number x2 by the rule x2 = rx1(1 x 1), and then repeat the process to generate x3 from x2, and so on. This equation has many virtues: 1) It is accessible. High school students can explore its patterns, as long as they have access to a hand calculator or a small computer. 2) It is exemplary. This single example illustrates many of the fundamental notions of nonlinear dynamics, such as equilibrium, stability, periodicity, chaos, bifurcations, and fractals. May [6] was the first to stress the pedagogical value of (1). 3) It is living mathematics. Most of the important discoveries about the logistic map are less than 20 years old. Certain aspects of (1) are still not understood rigorously, and are being pursued by a few of the finest living mathematicians. 4) It is relevant to science. Predictions derived from the logistic map have been verified in experiments on weakly turbulent fluids, oscillating chemical reactions, nonlinear electronic circuits, and a variety of other systems [8].
Antisolvent precipitation of hydrophobic functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes in an aqueous environment.

Abstract The possibility of antisolvent precipitation of hydrophobic, organic soluble functionalized carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs), where water acts as an antisolvent is presented. Octadecylamine functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-ODA) was used as the model compound and was found to form highly stable dispersions in different water/solvent systems, and the particle sizes ranged from 170 to 400 nm. Colloidal behavior was studied using dynamic light scattering and particle aggregation was found to increase with the addition of electrolytes, with tetrahydrofuran (THF) and ethanol showing the maximum effect. The aggregation behavior of the antisolvent precipitated system did not follow the conventional Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory, which was different from what has been reported previously for hydrophilic, water soluble f-CNTs. Based on this study, it is evident that hydrophobic f-CNTs are potential water pollutants.
Regulation of RNA synthesis in Escherichia coli. II. Polynucleotide phosphorylase activity in cold-shocked cells☆

Abstract Exponentially growing cells of Escherichia coli, subjected to a simultaneous temperature and osmotic shock are capable of carrying out exchange between inorganic phosphate and ribonucleoside 5′-polyphosphate. The exchange reaction carried out by shocked cells is judged to be catalysed by polynucleotide phosphorylase (polyribonucleotide: orthophosphate nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.8) for the following reasons: 1. 1. Exchange occurs with ribonucleoside 5′-diphosphate and leads to labeling of only the β-phosphate residue. 2. 2. Exchange labeling of ribonucleoside 5′-triphosphate requires hydrolysis of the β-γ phosphodiester bond and again results in labeling of only the β-phosphate position. With the exception of ATP no label can be detected in the γ-phosphate position of exchange-labeled ribonucleoside 5′-triphosphate. 3. 3. Known inhibitors of polynucleotide phosphorylase interfere with the exchange reaction in shocked cells. 4. 4. Shocked cells from strains carrying a mutation resulting in low levels of polynucleotide phosphorylase activity show an analogous decrease in exchange activity. Experiments on the existence of possible residual permeability restrictions to nucleotides in shocked cells indicate that restrictions still do exist for certain nucleotides.
Long range interactions in low-lying states of Li+2

Abstract The long-range portions of the potential energy curves for the states of Li + 2 which corresponds to the interaction of Li + (1s 2 1 S) with either Li(1s 2 2s 2 S) or Li(1s 2 2p 2 P) are analyzed to deduce their exchange and ion-multiple interaction components.
Effects of grazing by two species of sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus franciscanus and Lytechinus anamesus) on recruitment and survival of two species of kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera and Pterygophora californica)

We studied the effects of grazing by two species of sea urchins on two species of kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera and Pterygophora californica) in the San Onofre kelp bed in southern California from 1978 through 1981. Both red sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, and white sea urchins, Lytechinus anamesus, were abundant and lived in aggregations. The purple sea urchin (S. purpuratus) was rare at the study site and was not studied. The aggregations of red urchins were either relatively small and stationary (for over 3 yr) or relatively large and motile (advancing at about 2 m mo−1). Both stationary and moving aggregations were observed at the same time, and within 100 m of one another. Stationary aggregations of red urchins probably subsisted mainly on drift kelp and had no effect on kelp recruitment or on adult kelp abundance. In contrast, red sea urchins in large, motile aggregations or “fronts” ate almost all the macroalgae in their path. The condition of their gonalds indicated that red urchins in fronts were starved relative to red urchins in the small, stationary aggregations. Large, motile aggregations developed after 2 yr of declining kelp abundance (probably due largely to storms). We propose that a scarcity of drift algae for food results in a change in the behavior pattern of the red urchins and thus leads to the formation of large, motile aggregations. The aggregations of white urchins, which occurred along the offshore margin of the kelp bed, were large, but relatively stationary. The white urchins rarely ate adult kelps, but grazed extensively on early developmental stages of kelps and evidently prevented seaward expansion of the bed. The spatial distribution of both types of red urchin aggregations appeared to be unrelated to predation pressure from fishes or lobsters.