cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a Non-Type-Specific Antigen(s) Associated with Group A Streptococcal Type 12 M Protein

The sharing of one and possibly two or more non-type-specific antigens by most strains of groups A, C, and G streptococci is described. With the exception of a single strain of Proteus mirabilis, this antigen(s) was not found among strains of groups B and D streptococci, coagulase-positive staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp., and Salmonella sp. The non-type-specific antigen(s) could not be separated from M protein by fractionation with various saturations of ammonium sulfate or by column chromatography with calcium hydroxylapatite even though the latter method allowed the recovery of a fraction of M protein which was free of the cross-reactive antigen(s). The resistance of this non-type-specific antigen(s) to hot acid extraction and its sensitivity to treatment with trypsin differentiate it from the T and R antigens of group A streptococci, both of which are trypsin resistant. Co-precipitation of both type-and non-type-specific antigens occurred with type-specific antiserum and suggested that the type- and non-type-specific antigens represent either different, covalently bonded antigenic determinants on the same protein or different proteins noncovalently linked together.
Further isolation of endogenous factors in canine and human plasma that inhibit [3H]norepinephrine accumulation

Abstract We have previously shown that both homologous canine plasma and a crude extract of this plasma contain substances that inhibit accumulation of [ 3 H]norepinephrine ([ 3 H]NE) by the canine saphenous vein. The purpose of this study was to further purify these substances and to determine if similar factors were present in human plasma. Crude extracts of plasma were purified with a Folch extraction in which most of the biological activity was recovered in the bottom or organic phase. This phase significantly inhibited [ 3 H]NE uptake by the canine saphenous vein (23.5 ± 7.6% by concentrate from 9.1 ml of original plasma/ml incubate solution) and increased development of tension following transmural electrical stimulation by 91.5 ± 23.3% (extract from 1 ml of plasma/ml bath solution). The Folch extracts obtained from 100ml of plasma were purified by column and thin layer (TLC) chromatography. Samples were applied to a silicic acid column and eluted with chloroform, acetone, and methanol. The [ 3 H]NE uptake inhibitory activity was primarily recovered in the methanol fraction. TLC of the methanol fraction of canine plasma on silica gel G plates (with pre-absorbent) resulted in five zones which were then assayed for their ability to inhibit [ 3 H]NE accumulation by the saphenous vein. In the first zone (concentrate from 27.5 ml plasma/ml bath solution) there was significantly greater inhibitory activity (55.4 ± 8.3%), than in the corresponding zone obtained from solvent blanks (20.7 ± 4.1%). These results indicate that there is a factor or possibly factors in canine and human plasma that have thin layer chromatographic properties of a polar lipid, which inhibit [ 3 H]NE accumulation and enhance the contractile response of vascular smooth muscle to transmural electrical stimulation.
Towards effective business process availability management

We present a decision-support framework for managing business process unavailability caused by the planned maintenance activities of the underlying infrastructure components such as software and hardware upgrades and patch application. The framework has two parts: the first part provides an approach for estimating the business impact of business process outages. Four business impact factors are defined, involving both quantitative and qualitative metrics. Total business impact involves combining the individual impacts on business for various countries affected by the outages within a company. We apply multi-attribute utility theory to combine the values of impact factors. In the second part, optimal schedules for process maintenance activities are computed to minimize the overall estimated business impact using a sliding-window based scheduling algorithm. Finally, the schedules and their business impact are presented to the decision maker in a visual environment that is conducive for effective decision making. A prototype of the system has been developed and is currently being evaluated for use in a large Dow Jones (Top 10) company.
Mass transfer rates along vertical walls in magma chambers and marginal upwelling

The origin of compositional zonation in magma chambers1–11 has created much interest. Observed chemical, mineralogical and thermal gradients in many ash flow deposits are widely believed to indicate pre-eruptive zonations within the magma reservoir7,12,13. By analogy with laboratory experiments involving salt crystallization and the concomitant release of chemically-induced buoyancy, it has been suggested that compositionally evolved magma might accumulate at the top of a magma chamber. Crystallization of mafic phases along the chamber margins would produce a residual melt which is more silicic than the bulk composition. Marginal upwelling of buoyant melt could then lead to vertical compositional stratification underneath the roof of the chamber1,3,6,7,14–16. Here we show that analysis of laminar boundary layer flows driven by thermal and/or chemical buoyancy indicates that, for physical parameters characteristic of magma, the rate of enriched magma accumulation is small compared with geologically-inferred rates. Furthermore, the effect of a temperature-dependent rheology is to suppress the marginal upwelling effect8. Even for the extreme case of an isothermal chamber, sidewall upwellings can only be quantitatively significant for highly mobile species (chemical diffusion, D>10−11 m2 s−1) located in low-viscosity basaltic chambers with a high surface area-to-volume ratio.
Determination of rare earths in standard reference material glass using neutron activation analysis and reversed-phase chromatography

Recently, the interest in quantitative determination of rare earth elements has grown considerably, especially in connection with the space programs. There has also been a need for quantitative methods for rare earth element determination in different matrices at the National Bureau of Standards. We have therefore applied some of our earlier qualitative investigations with di(2-ethylhexyl) orthophosphoric acid (HDEHP) to separations of these elements for their subsequent quantitative determination. The rare earth elements in NBS Standard Reference Material 480, Trace Elements in Glass, a sodium glass to which 61 trace elements, including the thirteen naturally occurring rare earths, were added, have been determined by neutron activation analysis with a chemical separation using a column (11 cm×40 cm) of “Corvic” powder [poly(vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate)] loaded with HDEHP and operated at a constant temperature. Since our earlier solvent extraction studies with HDEHP had shown perchloric acid to be the most favorable of three acids (HCl, HNO3, HClO4) for rare earth separation, we established the best operating conditions (e. g. time, flow, acid concentration, etc.) using this acid. A detailed description of the separations procedure and the quantitative results will be discussed.
Figures of Thought and Figures of Flesh: “Jews” and “Judaism” in Late-Medieval Spanish Poetry and Politics

"VWho is a Jew?" The question has been asked countless times and by diverse peoples, ranging from ancient prophets to modern politicians. There was even a time, a short century ago, when tourists to certain European cities were exhorted by their guidebooks to wonder of each stranger that passed them in the streets: "Could he be Jewish?" The query was not innocent, the acts of inclusion or ex clusion it precipitated rarely without purpose or consequence. Within the medieval lands we now call Spain, its tremendous power was most famously displayed in the discriminations of the Inquisition. Modernity did not attenuate that power. "I determine who is a Jew": the claim, coined by the Austrian politician Karl Lueger in the late 1890s and later adopted by Hermann Goering, makes clear the stakes. It makes clear, as well, that the relationship of the question to its object is not simple. As Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno put it in their Dialectic of Enlightenment, "[to] call someone a Jew amounts to an instigation to work him over until he resembles the image."1 "What is Jewish?" This second question, the adjectival form of the first, was also a question of power in the Middle Ages as in modernity. Both eras found it easy to imagine their histories in terms of a struggle for emancipation from "Jew ishness"; both classified any number of religious, aesthetic, economic, philosoph ical, and political positions as "Jewish." Even as medievalists we are, of course, all familiar with the important role that polemical questions about "Jewish litera ture," "Jewish atheism," "Jewish socialism," "Jewish modernity," and "Jewish materialism" played in producing the twentieth century's turbulent history. We think less often of the complex relationships these modern questions have to the medieval ones we study. And we are often barely conscious of the ways in which the long history of these two questions, "Who is a Jew?" and "What is Jewish?" has animated the practices of scholars. A century ago few scholars questioned the possibility of determining the degree of "Jewishness" of a given phenomenon, though they may have disagreed on the
Ethical dilemmas in organization development: A cross-cultural analysis

The purpose of this study was to examine the nature and extent to which cultural differences bear on perceptions of ethical Organizational Development consulting behaviors. U.S. (n=118) and Taiwanese (n=267) business students evaluated eleven vignettes depicting potential ethical dilemmas. Respondents judged the ethicality of each vignette, the likelihood of the event's occurrence and the party responsible for the event's occurrence. Multivariate Analyses of Variance revealed significant cultural differences in perceptions of ethicality, and group differences in perceptions of the events' likelihood of occurrence. U.S. subjects provided higher ethicality ratings than the Taiwanese, and lower ratings on the likelihood of occurrence. Response distributions resulting from the identification of the responsible party were similar for six of the eleven vignettes. When differences did occur, it appeared that the Taiwanese were more inclined than the U.S. subjects to view responsibility as shared by the client and the consultant. The results suggest the need for the incorporation of cultural differences in a code of ethics for the profession and the need for cross-cultural ethics training for partitioners.
A Paradoxical Intervention to Control Anger in Couple Counseling

This column provides a forum within which you, the reader, may share with your colleagues some of the creative techniques that you have developed or adapted and find successful in your work with couples and families. If it works well for you, it may be that others could adapt it for themselves or be stimulated to invent another technique. Submit your manuscripts of 6 to 10 double-spaced typed pages to Robert Sherman, 154-23A Riverside Drive, Beechurst, NY 11357 or to the Editor, indicating the manuscript isfor this column.
The spontaneous magnetization of nickel

The original data of Weiss and Forrer on nickel are reanalyzed with the aim to obtain a simple empirical relation between the spontaneous magnetization and the temperature both below and above the Curie temperature. A simple relation between the spontaneous magnetization and the temperature is needed to separate easily between the ferromagnetic and the paramagnetic region in the plane given by temperature and field strength, needed for a comprehensive treatment of the magnetocaloric effect (compare J. Biol. Phys. 9, 27 (1981). Various methods of extrapolating to zero magnetic field strength are discussed and used to obtain specified values for the spontaneous magnetization at various temperatures. Starting with a simple expression of cooperativity among elements it is shown that a sufficiently good fit of models to the given data is only obtained with the assumption of three types of cooperativity differing in the intensity of coupling. This intensity of coupling is signified by the magnitude of the exponent in the independent variable (temperature).
A giant myxoma arising from the free wall of the right atria.

A 67-year-old Caucasian man, an avid golfer with no significant history, presented to the hospital for evaluation of near-syncopal events. The patient had noticed that for the past few months he would be asymptomatic throughout the game, except that with each club swing he would experience a sudden onset of weakness and near-syncopal episodes. The review of symptoms was significant for worsening exertional dyspnoea. His admission vital signs and physical examination were within normal limits. The CT angiogram showed no pulmonary embolism, but a large right atrial mass was noted that was further confirmed by a transoesophageal echocardiogram as shown in figure 1A, B. A cardiac catheterisation demonstrated multivessel coronary artery disease. The patient …
ISOLATED ISOBUTYRYL-COA DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY : AN UNRECOGNIZED DEFECT IN HUMAN VALINE METABOLISM

Abstract A 2-year-old female was well until 12 months of age when she was found to be anemic and had dilated cardiomyopathy. Total plasma carnitine was 6 μM and acylcarnitine analysis while receiving carnitine supplement revealed an increase in the four-carbon species. Urine organic acids were normal. In vitro analysis of the mitochondrial pathways for beta oxidation, and leucine, valine, and isoleucine metabolism was performed in fibroblasts using stable isotope-labeled precursors to these pathways followed by acylcarnitine analysis by tandem mass spectrometry. 16- 2 H 3 -palmitate was metabolized normally down to the level of butyryl-CoA thus excluding SCAD deficiency. 13 C 6 -leucine and 13 C 6 -isoleucine were also metabolized normally. 13 C 5 -valine incubation revealed a significant increase in 13 C 4 -isobutyrylcarnitine without any incorporation into propionylcarnitine as is observed normally. These same precursors were also evaluated in fibroblasts with proven ETF-QO deficiency in which acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies in each of these pathways was clearly identified. These results indicate that in the human, there is an isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase which exists as a separate enzyme serving only the valine pathway in addition to the 2-methyl branched-chain dehydrogenase which serves both the valine and the isoleucine pathways in both rat and human.
Increasing Dissolution Rates of Poorly Soluble Drugs by Adsorption to Montnorillonith

AbstractThe surface adsorption of griseofulvin, indomethacin and prednisone to colloidal magnesium aluminum silicate was shown to markedly improve the dissolution rates of there hydrophobic and party soluble drugs. The rapid release of drug from the surface of the clay was due to the weak physical bonding between the two materials and to the swelling of the clay in aqueous media. The hydrophilic and swelling properties of the montmorillonite clay in aqueous media also helped to facilitate the wetting of hydro-phobic drug substances. The equilibrating solvents employed in the preparation of the griseofulvin-clay adsorbates caused a significant variance in the dissolution profiles of griseofulvin. This did not occur with indomethacin. Dramatic increases in dissolution rates were seen with the prednisone adsorbates and 100 percent of the drug was present in solution from the 1:4 ad-sorbate after four minutes.
On the extraction of interface trap density in the Pt/La2O3/Ge gate stack and the determination of the charge neutrality level in Ge

The study of trap densities at the oxide-semiconductor interface of the new generation of field-effect transistors is essential for the optimization of their electrical performance. The conventional conductance method, which was efficiently applied to Si, turns out to be less appropriate on alternative substrates, such as the lower band gap germanium (Ge), because of the strong influence of minority carrier processes. Recent investigations show that these restrictions might be severe and lead to incorrect conclusions. We identify here the appearance of such processes, compare the conventional conductance method with the full conductance method of Martens et al., IEEE Electron Device Lett. 27, 405 (2006), and propose an extension of the latter. By applying a reverse bias to source and drain with respect to the substrate, it becomes possible to separate, on the same device, the contribution of electron and hole trap distributions. Our approach allows us to determine the position of the charge neutrality lev...
Purchase decision making in India: A critical ethnographic study of the antecedents of marital power

The research reported here critically examines the underlying antecedents for marital power in purchase decision making. Taking the stance that spousal decision making is a culturally‐situated phenomenon, the research was conducted in India, a culture vastly different from the one in which the existing antecedents of power were established. Data were collected via participant observation and multiple, in‐depth ethnographic interviews and analyzed by a constant comparative method revealing insights into both the existing and emergent antecedents. This article reviews and integrates theories of marital power drawn from a diverse set of disciplines‐consumer behavior, sociology, psychology, and counseling psychology‐to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the antecedents of power in purchase decision making. Interpretive material from personal interviews with spouses is then used to illustrate the underlying causes of marital power in decision making. Four existing antecedentsresources, ideolog...
Determination of Optimal Multiyear Air Pollution Control Policies

A general theoretical framework for the determination of multiyear air pollution control strategies for an airshed is presented. It is assumed that emission control procedures are changed on a year-to-year basis. The problem considered is to determine the set of control measures that minimizes the total cost of control while maintaining specified levels of air quality each year. It is assumed that an airshed model exists which is capable of predicting pollutant concentrations as a function of source emissions in the airshed. It is shown that the general multiyear problem can be solved by discrete dynamic programming. The method is illustrated on the problem of determining control strategies for carbon monoxide for a three-year period in the Los Angeles basin.
Prohibitin (PHB) acts as a potent survival factor against ceramide induced apoptosis in rat granulosa cells.

Aim Ceramide is a key factor in inducing germ cell apoptosis by translocating from cumulus cells into the adjacent oocyte and lipid rafts through gap junctions. Therefore studies designed to elucidate the mechanistic pathways in ceramide induced granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis and follicular atresia may potentially lead to the development of novel lipid-based therapeutic strategies that will prevent infertility and premature menopause associated with chemo and/or radiation therapy in female cancer patients. Our previous studies have shown that Prohibitin (PHB) is intimately involved in GCs differentiation, atresia, and luteolysis.
A new species of Carex from Chiapas, Mexico

Carex chiapensis, sectionFecundae, from Zontehuitz, municipio de San Cristobal de Las Casas, Chiapas, is described as new.
Geochemistry and origin of phosphorite deposits from off Peru and Chile

Holocene phosphorite nodules sampled from the sea floor off the coasts of Peru and Chile have been investigated in order to characterize the deposits geochemically and to evaluate their mode of formation. Bulk chemical and mineralogical compositions of the phosphorite nodules reflect varying degrees of dilution of the phosphatic material, fluorapatite, by other authigenic minerals and various allogenic components. Examination with the scanning electron microscope of freshly fractured surfaces of nodules and small pellets separated from associated diatomaceous ooze suggests that the apatite formed authigenically as a direct chemical precipitate rather than by replacement. Surfaces of siliceous biogenic materials as well as some inorganic phases appear to be favored sites for apatite nucleation. The proposed model of phosphorite formation involves inorganic precipitation of apatite within pore waters of anoxic sediments and subsequent concentration of the apatite by physical processes. Oxidation of organic materials (mainly diatoms) during SO 2− 4 reduction is the main source of dissolved phosphate. Apatite precipitation is favored within the sediments by the high phosphate concentration in the interstitial waters, by the availability of suitable nucleation sites, and by diagenetic reactions that remove interfering Mg 2+ ions from the pore solutions. Concentration of apatite into indurated phosphate nodules is brought about by winnowing and reworking processes, possibly in response to a change in the sedimentary environment caused by eustatic sea-level fluctuations or tectonism.
Entropy stability of discrete dynamic systems

The problem of stochastic stability of discrete dynamic systems is examined from the point of view of entropy. Entropy, as it was defined by Shannon, is a measure of average uncertainty of the system state. Conditions are found which guarantee reduction of the entropy. Several classes of systems are considered : linear with constant or time-varying coefficients and non-linear systems. The necessary and sufficient conditions are rather weak because of the generality of entropy, but simple in nature. The sufficient conditions are strong but more severe.
TSV integration on 20nm logic Si: 3D assembly and reliability results

Each new technology node brings new design and technology challenges making it harder to maintain Moore's law in a cost effective way. Maintaining cost effectiveness is becoming a major challenge for IDMs, fabless companies and foundries. 3D/2.5D technologies offer some unique advantages over traditional scaling such as higher power efficiency, higher bandwidth and heterogeneous integration which can arguably lower design complexity and manufacturing cost. While advantages of 3D ICs are well known, adoption of this technology has been shifting out due to several technological challenges and manufacturing supply chain concerns. In this paper, 3D packages are realized by stacking mechanical Wide IO memory onto a 20nm low power mobile logic die with through silicon vias (TSVs). This architecture is very promising for mobile application as it can provide lower power consumption, higher bandwidth and faster communication between memory and logic with a smaller form factor. Various technical challenges that were addressed while building a 3D package along with its process and reliability results, both wafer level and package level, are discussed in this paper.
X-Ray and Neutron Diffraction Study of Antiferroelectric Lead Zirconate, PbZr O 3

The room-temperature structure of antiferroelectric lead zirconate, PbZr${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, has been studied by x-ray and neutron diffraction. The symmetry is orthorhombic (pseudotetragonal) with lattice parameters $a=5.88$ A, $b=11.77$ A, $c=8.22$ A. The space group is $\mathrm{Pba}2$ and there are 8 formula units in the unit cell. The structure results from slight distortions of the cubic perovskite lattice, which the crystal assumes above 230\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C.With respect to the ideal perovskite structure, Pb atoms suffer antiparallel shifts along the former cubic [110] direction; oxygen atoms also suffer antiparallel shifts within the (001) plane and, in addition, unbalanced antiparallel shifts along the $c$ direction.The noncentric symmetry is in accord with the presence of a small piezoelectric effect as reported by Roberts. The oxygen octahedra surrounding the Zr atoms appear to be distorted, and it is possible to explain the strong optical anisotropy within the (001) plane as well as the pseudotetragonality ($b=2a$).
Observations of Neutral Carbon in the NGC 1977 Bright Rim

Neutral carbon emission has been observed at 610 μm (492 GHz) from the region of an interface between the HII region NGC 1977 and the northern extension of the dense OMC2 cloud in Orion.
Studies of deuterium-fueled Tokamak reactors

Abstract The importance of using non D-T fusion fuels is briefly reviewed. D-D operation where product 3He and T are burned at the same rate as produced (called “catalyzed-D”) is identified as the only advanced fuel that avoids breeding of fuels and yet potentially offers operation under conditions achievable by present magnetic confinement devices. The conceptual design of a Tokamak reactor using catalyzed-D indicates a relatively large reactor (∼12 GW gross output, 12 m radius torus), but this could still be quite attractive due to potential improvements in efficiency, reduced radioactivity inventory, and increased first-wall life-time. While a number of uncertainties remain, the feasibility of such a reactor does not appear to be too great an extension beyond D-T reactors. Although a fuel such as p-11B could offer further advantages by essentially eliminating neutrons and tritium, suitable methods of confining and burning it require a much larger extrapolation of current experience.
The catalytic thermal decomposition of water and the production of hydrogen

Abstract Experiments have been carried out on the Pt and Ir catalyzed thermal decomposition of water. The dissociation is very rapid indeed, yielding appreciable quantities of hydrogen and oxygen at approx. 1300–1400°C. The great speed of this catalytic decomposition compensates for the small degrees of thermal decomposition in this temperature range. Two prototypes for large scale thermal hydrogen production are proposed on the basis of the experiments on the catalytic decomposition of water. These have been described and characterized in detail. A reasonable number of these prototypes can replace 1 year's supply of natural gas by hydrogen in the U.S.A. Economic aspects have also been considered.
Positive Psychological Interventions for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Rationale, Theoretical Model, and Intervention Development

Most patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have suboptimal adherence to recommended diet, physical activity, and/or medication. Current approaches to improve health behaviors in T2D have been variably effective, and successful interventions are often complex and intensive. It is therefore vital to develop interventions that are simple, well-accepted, and applicable to a wide range of patients who suffer from T2D. One approach may be to boost positive psychological states, such as positive affect or optimism, as these constructs have been prospectively and independently linked to improvements in health behaviors. Positive psychology (PP) interventions, which utilize systematic exercises to increase optimism, well-being, and positive affect, consistently increase positive states and are easily delivered to patients with chronic illnesses. However, to our knowledge, PP interventions have not been formally tested in T2D. In this paper, we review a theoretical model for the use of PP interventions to target health behaviors in T2D, describe the structure and content of a PP intervention for T2D patients, and describe baseline data from a single-arm proof-of-concept (N = 15) intervention study in T2D patients with or without depression. We also discuss how PP interventions could be combined with motivational interviewing (MI) interventions to provide a blended psychological-behavioral approach.
Fluoxetine plus cognitive behavioural therapy was most effective for adolescents with major depressive disorder.

March J, Silva S, Petrycki S, et al ; Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team. Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;292:807–20. [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Q In adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD), how do fluoxetine, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), and their combination compare for effectiveness? ### ![Graphic][5] Design: randomised controlled trial (RCT). ### ![Graphic][6] Allocation: {concealed}.* ### ![Graphic][7] Blinding: blinded (patients and healthcare providers [fluoxetine v placebo comparison], and outcome assessors). ### ![Graphic][8] Follow up period: 12 weeks. ### ![Graphic][9] Setting: outpatient clinic in the US. ### ![Graphic][10] Patients: 439 adolescents (mean age 15 y, 54% girls) who had a DSM-IV diagnosis of MDD, could attend an outpatient clinic, scored ⩾45 on the Children’s Depression Rating Scale–Revised (CDRS–R), had a full scale IQ ⩾80, and were not taking antidepressants. Exclusion criteria included bipolar disorder, severe conduct disorder, substance abuse/dependence, 2 failed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) trials, and poor response to CBT. ### ![Graphic][11] Intervention: fluoxetine, from 10 mg/day to a maximum of 40 mg/day by week 8 (n = 109); CBT (n = 111); CBT plus fluoxetine (n = 107); or placebo (n = 112). CBT consisted of 15 sessions (50–60 min each) for … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJAMA%26rft.stitle%253DJAMA%26rft.issn%253D0002-9955%26rft.aulast%253DTreatment%2Bfor%2BAdolescents%2BWith%2BDepression%2BStudy%2B%2BT%26rft.auinit1%253D%2B%26rft.volume%253D292%26rft.issue%253D7%26rft.spage%253D807%26rft.epage%253D820%26rft.atitle%253DFluoxetine%252C%2BCognitive-Behavioral%2BTherapy%252C%2Band%2BTheir%2BCombination%2Bfor%2BAdolescents%2BWith%2BDepression%253A%2BTreatment%2Bfor%2BAdolescents%2BWith%2BDepression%2BStudy%2B%2528TADS%2529%2BRandomized%2BControlled%2BTrial%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Fjama.292.7.807%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15315995%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1001/jama.292.7.807&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=15315995&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febnurs%2F8%2F2%2F45.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000223378300021&link_type=ISI [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [6]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [7]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [8]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif [9]: /embed/inline-graphic-5.gif [10]: /embed/inline-graphic-6.gif [11]: /embed/inline-graphic-7.gif
INTERORGANIZATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS IN COASTAL MANAGEMENT: THE 1976 CALIFORNIA LEGISLATIVE EXPERIENCE

Abstract Among coastal management programs, most states have found the question of appropriate administrative structure difficult to cope with. The dilemma of decision trade‐offs caused by the dual governmental needs of “efficiency”; and “representation”; has led to some alternative patterns of administration. For complex issues that transcend local boundaries, the choice between trade‐offs means adopting either (a) some form of consolidated bureaucracy or (b) some system of concurrent jurisdictions. Both alternatives have their inherent benefits and disadvantages but, considering the degree of environmental complexity and array of competing interests involved in coastal resource use, the most appropriate administrative form would seem to be concurrent control, as interagency reciprocal review promotes thoroughness and broad representation. Affected both by swings in political climate and by traditional reform politics, the case of California legislation represents a conscious deliberation over administra...
Communication Profiles of Two Children with Pitt-Hopkins Syndrome

This research provides detailed summaries of the diverse communication skills of two children with Pitt-Hopkins Syndrome. One participant had level III Communication Matrix skills (unconventional communication), and was pre-symbolic, pre-intentional, non-imitative, and reliant upon others to interpret her proximal actions. The other participant had level IV (conventional communication) and V (concrete symbols) Communication Matrix skills, with emerging symbolic forms, some imitation, and directedness to his proximal and distal actions. Results are discussed in comparison to other children with severe disabilities.
A RNA-seq approach to identify putative toxins from acrorhagi in aggressive and non-aggressive Anthopleura elegantissima polyps.

The use of venom in intraspecific aggression is uncommon and venom-transmitting structures specifically used for intraspecific competition are found in few lineages of venomous taxa. Next-generation transcriptome sequencing allows robust characterization of venom diversity and exploration of functionally unique tissues. Using a tissue-specific RNA-seq approach, we investigate the venom composition and gene ontology diversity of acrorhagi, specialized structures used in intraspecific competition, in aggressive and non-aggressive polyps of the aggregating sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Actiniaria: Actiniidae). Collectively, we generated approximately 450,000 transcripts from acrorhagi of aggressive and non-aggressive polyps. For both transcriptomes we identified 65 candidate sea anemone toxin genes, representing phospholipase A2s, cytolysins, neurotoxins, and acrorhagins. When compared to previously characterized sea anemone toxin assemblages, each transcriptome revealed greater within-species sequence divergence across all toxin types. The transcriptome of the aggressive polyp had a higher abundance of type II voltage gated potassium channel toxins/Kunitz-type protease inhibitors and type II acrorhagins. Using toxin-like proteins from other venomous taxa, we also identified 612 candidate toxin-like transcripts with signaling regions, potentially unidentified secretory toxin-like proteins. Among these, metallopeptidases and cysteine rich (CRISP) candidate transcripts were in high abundance. Furthermore, our gene ontology analyses identified a high prevalence of genes associated with “blood coagulation” and “positive regulation of apoptosis”, as well as “nucleoside: sodium symporter activity” and “ion channel binding”. The resulting assemblage of expressed genes may represent synergistic proteins associated with toxins or proteins related to the morphology and behavior exhibited by the aggressive polyp. We implement a multifaceted approach to investigate the assemblage of expressed genes specifically within acrorhagi, specialized structures used only for intraspecific competition. By combining differential expression, phylogenetic, and gene ontology analyses, we identify several candidate toxins and other potentially important proteins in acrorhagi of A. elegantissima. Although not all of the toxins identified are used in intraspecific competition, our analysis highlights some candidates that may play a vital role in intraspecific competition. Our findings provide a framework for further investigation into components of venom used exclusively for intraspecific competition in acrorhagi-bearing sea anemones and potentially other venomous animals.
Screening of urinary coproporphyrin using cloud point extraction and chemiluminescence detection.

Abstract A simple screening test was developed for the sensitive and selective measurement of urinary coproporphyrin. In this screening test, efficient and selective extraction/pre-concentration of coproporphyrin from the aqueous medium(urine) into a much smaller volume phase containing a common non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) and ethyl acetate was accomplished by the addition of a relatively large amount of a cloud point depressing electrolyte (K3PO4) into the sample solution to effect cloud point separation. Sensitive and selective detection of coproporphyrin in the mixed Triton X-100 and ethyl acetate phase was performed via chemical excitation using the peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence reaction. The effects of surfactant and cations (from the cloud point depressing electrolyte) on the chemiluminescence intensity of coproporphyrin were briefly investigated. Furthermore, the spectrum of urinary coproporphyrin obtained using the present chemiluminescence method was briefly compared with that obtained from fluorescence method.
Finding planes in LiDAR point clouds for real-time registration

We present a robust plane finding algorithm that when combined with plane-based frame-to-frame registration gives accurate real-time pose estimation. Our plane extraction is capable of handling large and sparse datasets such as those generated from spinning multi-laser sensors such as the Velodyne HDL-32E LiDAR. We test our algorithm on frame-to-frame registration in a closed-loop indoor path comprising 827 successive 3D laser scans (over 57 million points), using no additional information (e.g., odometry, IMU). Our algorithm outperforms, in both accuracy and time, three state-of-the-art methods, based on iterative closest point (ICP), plane-based randomized Hough transform, and planar region growing.
Multitechnique Surface Characterization of Derivatization Efficiencies for Hydroxyl-Terminated Self-Assembled Monolayers

Surface derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) on self-assembled monolayers of 16-mercapto-1-hexadecanol (MHD) was studied to develop selective and well-defined methods for the surface modification of biomaterials. The terminal hydroxyl groups of MHD were functionalized by both solvent-and vapor-phase reactions. The reaction kinetics, accessibility, and reactivity of SAMs with different surface coverages and film structures were investigated via complementary surface analytical techniques (external reflection-absorption FTIR, XPS, and TOF- SIMS). The TFAA derivatization reaction exhibited rapid kinetics on the hydroxyl-terminated SAMs. The data from each of the surface analytical techniques consistently indicated a nearly complete surface reaction. This suggests that the trifluoromethyl ester group did not introduce significant steric hindrance. The high accessibility and reactivity of TFAA derivatization on hydroxyl SAMs is related here to earlier studies on polymer systems.
Organizational alignment as competitive advantage

In explaining financial performance variance, strategic management researchers and industrial organization economists have emphasized industry factors, market share, generic strategy, and strategic group membership, whereas organizational contingency theorists have emphasized alignments involving environment and internal structure. This study integrates these perspectives, testing the financial performance consequences of organizational alignments, in context with the effects of industry, market share, and strategy. In an empirical study in two manufacturing industries, it is shown that some organizational alignments do produce supernormal profits, independent of the profits produced by traditional industry and strategy variables. The results are consistent with the resource view of the firm: to the extent that alignments result from skill rather than luck, it is reasonable to regard alignment skill as a strategic resource capable of generating economic rents. The article suggests that, by focusing on industry and competitive strategy variables, contemporary industrial organization and strategy research has understated the role of organizational factors in producing sustainable competitive advantage.
Psychosocial and behavioral correlates of depression among HIV-infected pregnant women.

This study addressed two aims: (1) to assess the level of depressive symptoms among pregnant, HIV-infected racial and ethnic minority women and (2) to identify potentially modifiable factors associated with prenatal depression in order to foster proactive clinical screening and intervention for these women. Baseline interview data collected from HIV-infected women participating in the Perinatal Guidelines Evaluation Project were analyzed. Participants were from prenatal clinics in four areas representative of the U. S. HIV/AIDS epidemic among women. Of the final sample (n = 307), 280 were minorities (218 blacks [African American and Carribean], 62 Hispanic). Standardized interviews assessed potential psychosocial factors associated with pregnancy-related depression and psychological distress (life stressors, inadequate social support, and ineffective coping skills) in a population for whom little work has been done. Depressive symptomatology was considerable, despite excluding somatic items in order to av...
Disparities in Initiation of Combination Antiretroviral Treatment and in Virologic Suppression Among Patients in the HIV Outpatient Study, 2000-2013.

Objectives The National HIV/AIDS Strategy emphasizes virologic suppression (VS) to reduce HIV incidence in the United States. We assessed temporal trends of and disparities in time to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation and HIV VS in a large demographically diverse cohort of HIV-infected patients. Design We included antiretroviral-naive HIV Outpatient Study participants from 2000 to 2013 enrolled within 6 months of their HIV diagnosis who attended ≥2 HIV care-related visits. Methods We evaluated time from HIV diagnosis to first use of cART, time from HIV diagnosis to VS, and time from first use of cART to VS. Kaplan-Meier time-to-event curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess temporal trends and correlates of initiating cART and achieving HIV VS ( Results Among 1156 HIV Outpatient Study patients [median age, 37 years; 43.2% non-Hispanic/Latino black (NHB), 14.1% Hispanic/Latino], estimated median times from HIV diagnosis to cART initiation and from HIV diagnosis to VS both shortened by >40% during the 13.5-year study period, reaching, respectively, 2.5 and 5.4 months. In multivariable analyses, NHB patients (as compared with non-Hispanic/Latino white) and those who had injected drugs (as compared with those who did not) initiated cART in a less timely fashion. After adjusting for CD4 cell count and viral load at cART initiation, NHB patients and those aged Conclusions Despite improvements in HIV treatment over time, patients who were NHB, younger, or used injection drugs had less favorable outcomes.
Social Chaos and Danger as Context of Battered Women's Lives

This article describes the context of women's relationships with battering men. Social chaos as the context of battering emergedfrom a grounded theory study of women's perceptions of danger in their relationships with battering men. Social chaos is created by a combination of factors: abusive men's unpredictability and use of unbalancing behaviors, contradictions, women's impaired sense of self, and the secrecy of battering. Chaos creates a sense of danger in battered women and serves to control their behavior. Social chaos is a component of dangerousness and has implications for assessing danger in woman battering.
Low-frequency oscillations of forced barotropic flow

Jin and Ghil demonstrate that for topographically resonant flow, low-frequency finite-amplitude oscillations may arise from wave -- wave interactions and topographic form drag. Their model is extended to include a zonally asymmetric vorticity source, which is shown to interact with the perturbation field to produce zonally rectified wave fluxes that dramatically alter the Hopf bifurcation from stationary solutions to low-frequency oscillations. The frequency, intensity, and general character of these oscillations are shown to depend crucially upon the phasing and relative strength of the forcings.
Titrimetry with solid titrants

The technique of solid titrant titrimetry has been described and its advantages enumerated. Precision and time required have been determined to be comparable with those of conventional titrimetry. Investigations with solid titrants have been made of the photometric titrations of Cu with EDTA, Fe(II) with KMnO4, As(III) with KMnO4, and Fe(III) with ascorbic acid. The technique has also been used in the visual titration of Fe(III) with ascorbic acid and Fe(II) with KMnO4.
Mother-Child Interactions in Depressed Children and Children at High Risk and Low Risk for Future Depression

ABSTRACT Objective To compare mother-child interactions and parenting styles in families of children with major depressive disorder, youths at high risk for depression, and healthy controls. Method Currently depressed ( n = 43), high-risk ( n = 28), and healthy control ( n = 41) youths and their mothers engaged in a standardized videotaped problem-solving interaction. Measures of affect and behavior for both mothers and children were obtained, in addition to global measures of parenting. Results Depressed children demonstrated more negativity and less positivity in dyadic interactions than did children at high risk and control children. Mothers of depressed children were more disengaged than control mothers. Exploratory repeated-measures analyses in a subgroup of depressed children ( n = 16) suggested mother-child interactions do not significantly change when children recover from depression. Children at high risk demonstrated less positivity in dyadic interactions than did controls. Mothers with a history of major depressive disorder and mothers with higher current depressive symptoms demonstrated patterns of disengagement and low control in interactions with children. Conclusions Mother-child interactions in depressed youths are marked by maternal disengagement and low child positivity that may not improve when children recover. The bidirectional effects of maternal disengagement and low levels of child positivity may precede onset of major depressive disorder in children and serve as risk factors for recurrent depression in youths.
Food Passage Through Chickens and Turkeys and Some Regulating Factors

Abstract INTRODUCTION THE rate of food movement through the digestive tract of the fowl is of interest in both the laboratory and the field. The time required for the first excreta to appear after feeding provides a knowledge of the interim after which it is safe to start collecting the feces of a bird under a digestion trial. The length of time food material remains in the digestive tract may indicate to what extent microbiological synthesis of nutrients may take place. Differences in the time required for food to pass through the alimentary canal of chickens and turkeys as affected by production, temperature, antibiotics, age and sex have been observed and reported herein. Oats passed through the alimentary canal of fasted chicken hens in 5 to 6 hours according to Browne (1922). He found magenta stained bread dough, aluminum powder, gentian violet and methylene blue to be unsuitable as dye indicators . . .
MHD combustor effluent chemistry measurements using Raman scattering

Characterization of the gas chemistry, velocity, pressure, turbulence, and conductivity for coal-fired MHD generators would serve as valuable information for direct correlation with long-term performance of electrode and insulator materials. Gas chemistry is of special significance from a materials performance standpoint since the slag/gas, and hence slag/wall, physical and electrical states are affected by the chemical composition of the channel effluent. In recent years spectroscopic diagnostic techniques have been developed to the point that they can be used to obtain these detailed thermochemical measurements. A specific technique called Raman scattering is discussed and preliminary MHD combustor exit flow data are presented. The primary objective of the study was to determine if the presence of potassium seed would compromise the weak Raman spectral emission from key combustor species.
Printed Sources for American Weather Records

This article is about reference books that can answer questions about the typical weather for a city in the United States or the actual weather on a given day in the past.