cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Separation Assault in the Context of Postdivorce Parenting: An Integrative Review of the Literature

Although citing violence as a factor in divorce, most researchers do not analyze woman abuse in the postdivorce context. In particular, little research exists on how separation assault influences postdivorce parenting. The purpose of this article is to discuss separation assault in the context of postdivorce parenting. First, the literature on separation assault in general and then on separation assault in the context of postdivorce parenting is reviewed. Second, the theoretical explanations for separation assault in general and in the context of postdivorce parenting is reviewed. Finally, the theoretical explanations and literature are critiqued and research and practice implications are discussed.
Abstract 4769: Combinatorial effect of thermally targeted p21 polypeptide and bortezomib in prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin malignancy in men and is responsible for more deaths than any other type of cancer, except lung cancer. Most cases of prostate cancer are androgen dependent. However, during androgen ablation therapy androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC) cells are selected via multiple mechanisms. Since, AIPC cells are immune to androgen deprivation their appearance represents a major obstacle in the treatment of prostate cancer. Several mechanisms used by prostate cancer cells require proteasome function among which is androgen receptor recycling as well as degradation of NK-KB inhibitor IKB. Bortezomib, a FDA-approved proteosome inhibitor for the treatment of multiple myeloma was shown to induce growth arrest and apoptosis in many tumor types including AIPC, where it was shown to have a modest effect as a single treatment regime. Previously in our laboratory, Bac-ELP-p21 was found to inhibit the proliferation of SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells and induce S-phase arrest as well as apoptosis. Driven by the need for new therapeutic means for AIPC, we investigated the inhibitory effects of the p21 mimetic peptide on the growth of the androgen independent prostate cancer cell lines PC3 and DU145 as well as its potential to be used as a combination therapy with Bortezomib. For our prostate cancer research, we have further optimized the delivery system in order to get higher yields of purified protein as well as better temperature response. The redesigned p21-ELP1-Bac polypeptide retained its ability to enter both PC3 and DU145 cells and localize into the nucleus, which was confirmed using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, respectively. Using MTS assay, we have shown that the IC50 value of both Bortezomib and the p21 mimetic peptide decreased by 1.5 and 4.5 times, respectively, when those two drugs were used in combination in both PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the combination treatment lead to an increase in phosphatidylserine exposure in both cell lines observed using flow cytometry after staining with Alexa 488 Annexin and propidium iodide. Using a BrdU incorporation assay combined with PI staining, we found that treatment with p21-ELP-Bac after treatment with Bortezomib caused an increase in the G1 phase of arrested cells in both cell lines. The thermally responsive macromolecular carrier combines the advantages of thermal targeting to the tumor site with targeting of a specific molecular pathway. Our results show that small molecule proteosomal inhibition combined with p21-ELP-Bac represents a promising AIPC treatment that can be further utilized with other therapeutic peptides. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4769. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4769
Medication adherence skills training for middle-aged and elderly adults with bipolar disorder: development and pilot study.

Objectives: To present the rationale, development, and pilot study of a medication adherence skills training (MAST-BD) intervention for older adults with bipolar disorder (BPD). We developed a 12-week manualized group intervention that combined educational, motivational, medication management skills and symptom management training adapted for older adults. Methods: Among 21 older outpatients with BPD (mean age = 60 years; SD = 6), the feasibility and acceptability of MAST-BD were assessed in a quasi-experimental clinical trial. We also obtained preliminary effect sizes associated with pre–post change on measures of self-reported adherence to psychiatric medications, performance-based medication management ability, attitudes toward medication, depressive and manic symptoms, and health-related quality of life. Results: At baseline, 55% of participants reported recent non-adherence to psychiatric medications and were, on average, suffering from moderately severe depressive symptoms and minimal symptoms of mania. A total of 76% of participants completed the intervention, and 86% of sessions were attended by completers. Participants reported high levels of satisfaction with the intervention and manual. Pre–post improvement by small to medium effect sizes (Cohen's d = 0.30–0.57) was seen in medication adherence, medication management ability, depressive symptoms, and selected indices of health-related quality of life. Conclusions: Notwithstanding the limitations of this small preliminary study, the results are encouraging in that the MAST-BD intervention was feasible, acceptable to patients, and associated with improvement in key outcomes. Suggestions for further development of medication adherence interventions for this neglected group of patients are discussed.
Introduction to the Minitrack on Restructuring the Electric Power Industry: Emerging Issues, Methods and Tools

The past several years have seen marked changes in the institutional structures of the electric power industry in many countries. In most cases the driving forces for change have come from the governments. Often the objective is to introduce more competition and to increase private sector ownership of the electric supply industry. The overall aim regardless of the drivers, is to reduce the price of electricity and increase customer responsiveness by methods other than direct regulation.Primary examples of institutional change include unbundling of services and equipment, the introduction of non-utility or third party generation, proposals for and implementation of new bidding or auction arrangements for pricing electricity and corporatisation, among others. In most cases each element includes ownership changes, a competitive market with new procedures and a re-vamping of the regulatory process. Each of these elements has and will continue to have its own impact on the planning, operation, cost and reliability of power systems.This minitrack is especially interested in identifying the effects and impacts of institutional change (proposed or in place). It is especially interested in new tools and methodology, that is, the technical underpinnings needed to transition the system from the old to the new. Therefore, papers on topics related to the affected elements of restructuring of an electric power industry were of special interest.There are thirty-six papers in eight sessions covering two days in this minitrack. The papers span a range of restructuring issues from institutional to technical and from policy to economics. Three years ago when this minitrack began the first paper described four possible scenarios for future systems and made the point that the future US electric power system may contain versions of all of them and not just one. It also laid the foundation for technical work that will need to be done to see these scenarios emerge in an orderly fashion.This year ten papers deal with various elements of these technical issues and ten deal with policy matters. The remaining sisteen papers bridge technical and institutional issues that arise as a result of system restructuring.The focus of papers accepted for this minitrack is on a cross-disciplinary look at a variety of issues associated with the worldwide movement to restructure electric power systems. The topic is timely and broad and will continue to be researched and debated in the coming years.
Gröbner finite path algebras

Abstract Let K be a field and Γ a finite directed multi-graph. The focus of this paper is to offer a complete description of all path algebras K Γ and admissible orders with the property that all of their finitely generated ideals have finite Grobner bases and of those which contain a finitely generated ideal whose Grobner bases are all infinite.
Cost-effectiveness of rescreening conventionally prepared cervical smears by PAPNET testing.

OBJECTIVE: This study explored the cost-effectiveness of the use of PAPNET testing-supplemental, neural network-based testing used to increase the accuracy of cervical smear screening practice. STUDY DESIGN: Using a model adapted from one developed under contract from the United States Congress Office of Technology Assessment to evaluate cost-effectiveness of cervical cancer screening in elderly women, the study evaluated U.S. women aged 20-64. The study reviewed various screening intervals and examined the course of follow-up (i.e., repeat abnormal smear vs. immediate colposcopy) to offer a range into which most routine medical practice will fall. RESULTS: Assuming a false negative rate of 25% for low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) and 15% for high grade SIL and applying increased sensitivity of 30% from PAPNET, we can expect a cost of $48,474 per life-year saved among biennially screened women. For women screened triennially, as recommended by most groups, the cost per life-year saved is $25,185. CONCLUSION: The PAPNET rescreening program is an economical approach to decreasing mortality and morbidity from cervical cancer and compares favorably to other commonly used interventions and diagnostic procedures.
Relationship of vitamin E to embryonic development of avian eye.

SummaryA cloudiness in the central portion of the lens was found in embryos from eggs laid by turkey hens fed an all-vegetable protein diet without added vit. E. Associated with the lens disorder was a hemorrhaged vitreous humor, a smaller embryo with edematous areas on the neck and feet, and a high embryonic mortality between the twenty-fourth and the twenty-eighth day of the incubation period. Supplementation of the all-vegetable protein diet with alpha-tocopheryl acetate was (effective in preventing the anomalous conditions described, while fish solubles, dried whey, or combinations of these substances had no effect.
Interferon alpha and neuromuscular disorders

Interferon-alpha (IFNalpha) is a potent extracellular protein mediator of host defense and homeostasis. IFNalpha has well-established direct antiviral, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory properties. The worldwide, increasing and long-term use of IFNalpha, particularly for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection, has drawn attention to the development or exacerbation of numerous autoimmune phenomena, including a variety of neuropathy syndromes, neuromuscular junction disorders and myopathies. Management entailed withdrawal of IFNalpha therapy with supportive, immunomodulatory, and symptomatic treatment as clinically indicated. The mechanisms of IFNalpha-induced autoimmunity are incompletely understood, and likely vary depending on the inherent differences in the pathogenesis of the immune disorder on a background of patient genetic susceptibility. In addition, there is preliminary evidence from case reports and open-label studies that the immunomodulatory effects of IFNalpha may have potential as a treatment option for a spectrum of immune-mediated neuromuscular diseases, but further studies are needed.
Mouse Models of Atherosclerosis

As a species the mouse is highly resistant to atherosclerosis. However, through induced mutations it has been possible to develop lines of mice that are susceptible to this disease. For example, mice that are deficient in apolipoprotein E, a ligand important in lipoprotein clearance, develop atherosclerotic lesions resembling those observed in humans. These lesions are exacerbated when the mice are fed a high-cholesterol, high-fat, Western-type diet. Other promising models are mice that are deficient in the low density lipoprotein receptor and transgenic mice that express human apolipoprotein B and transdominant mutant forms of apolipoprotein E. These models are now being used to study the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic lesions, as well as the influence of genetics, environment, hormones, and drugs on lesion development.
Department of defense need for a micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) reliability assessment program

As the United States (U.S.) Army transforms into a lighter, more lethal, and more agile force, the technologies that support both legacy and emerging weapon systems must decrease in size while increasing in intelligence. Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) are one such technology that the Army as well as entire DOD will heavily rely on in achieving these objectives. Current and future military applications of MEMS devices include safety and arming devices, guidance systems, sensors/detectors, inertial measurement units, tracking devices, radio frequency devices, wireless radio frequency identification (RFID), etc. Even though the reliance on MEMS devices has been increasing, there have been no studies performed to determine their reliability and failure mechanisms. Furthermore, no standardized test protocols exist for assessing reliability. Accordingly, the U.S. Army Corrosion Office at Picatinny, NJ has initiated the MEMS Reliability Assessment Program to address this issue.
Measurement of gene number for seed storage proteins in Pisum

Abstract We have measured the numbers of genes coding for the three seed storage proteins, vicilin, convicilin and legumin, in a number of Pisum genotypes of variant protein composition. No difference in gene number existed among P. sativum genotypes for any of the proteins. There were differences in the number of genes coding for individual proteins with approximately 11 genes (per haploid genome) for vicilin, 8 genes for legumin and 1 gene for convicilin.
MEMS deformable mirrors for space and defense applications

This paper presents recent progress in the development of MEMS deformable mirrors for space and defense applications. Two different MEMS DM designs are described, along with their corresponding uses in space and defense systems. The designs build on a conventional surface micromachining technology and feature an electrostatic actuation architecture pioneered at Boston University. Key performance characteristics are presented. The device characteristics make them useful for a range of wavefront control applications that include low-power optical modulation, adaptive optics imaging, and laser communication, on both ground-based and space-based platforms.
Detection of Subpicomole Levels of Compounds Containing Hydroxyl and Amino Groups with the Fluorogenic Reagent, 2‐Naphthoylimidazole

setup of the system was taken from a Maxwell distribution at T = 300 K. The simulation temperature was kept constant by coupling the system to a simulated heat bath, rescaling the velocities with a temperature relaxing time oft = 0.4 ps. Coordinates and energies were stored on disk after every 100 integrations steps (0.1 ps) resulting in 284 distinct conformations. Evolution of the system's potential energy shows equilibrium conditions after about 14 ps. Extracted conformations were additionally energy minimized to remove the kinetic energy of the system. [6] a) Nevertheless, as shown in a previous modeling study docking a nonapeptide into the binding cleft of HLA-B27 [6 b], there is a certain probdbility to dock residue 3 into pocket D. However, that docking scheme does not agree with our sequencing results for HLA-A2. Residue 3 of the peptide antigen is not conserved and therefore not predestined for docking in the hydrophobic D pocket. Further modeling studies with different docking schemes may reveal the location of antigen residue 6 more precisely. b) After preparation of this manuscript similar interactions were found modeling a nonapeptide into the binding site of HLA-B27: D. R. Madden, J. C. Gorga, J. L. Strominger, D. C. Wiley, Nature 1991, 353, 321 -325. [7] a) D. Rognan, M. J. Reddehase, U. H. Koszinowski, G . Folkers, Proteins 1992, 13,70-85; b) M. Del Val, H. Volkner, J. B. Rothbard, S. Jonjic, M. Messele, J. Schickedanz, M. J. Reddehase, U. H. Koszinowski. J . Virol. 1988, 62, 3965-3972; c) M. J. Reddehase, J. B. Rothbard, U. H. Koszinowski, Nature 1989, 337, 651 -653. [8] K. Deres, H. Schild, K.-H. Wiesmiiller, G. Jung, H.-G. Rammensee, Nature 1989, 342, 561 -564. [9] B. D. Walker, C. Flexner, K. Birch-Limberger. L. Fischer, T. J. Paradis, A. Aldovini, R. Young, B. Moss, R. T. Schooly, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1989,86,9514-9518. [lo] F. Gotch, A. McMichael, J. Rothbard, J. Exp. Med. 1988,168,2045-2057.
Habitat fragmentation, genetic diversity, and inbreeding depression in a threatened grassland legume: is genetic rescue necessary?

Kincaid’s lupine (Lupinus oreganus), a threatened perennial legume of western Oregon grasslands, is composed of small, fragmented populations that have consistently low natural seed set, suggesting they may have accumulated high enough levels of genetic load to be candidates for genetic rescue. We used simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci, both nuclear DNA and chloroplast DNA, to screen populations throughout the species’ range for evidence of severe inbreeding and recent genetic bottlenecks due to habitat fragmentation. After genotyping about 40% of the known populations, only one of 24 populations had strong statistical evidence for a recent genetic bottleneck (H e > H eq). Both mean nSSR fixation coefficients and genetic diversity did not statistically differ between very small, small, medium, and large lupine population size classes. Within population chloroplast DNA haplotype number was high for an animal pollinated species, ≈4.2 haplotypes/population, and within population haplotype diversity was also relatively evenly distributed. Within population patterns of nSSR and cpSSR genetic diversity suggest that genetic diversity has not been lost over the last century of habitat fragmentation. With genet lifespan thought to exceed 100 years, overlap of several to many generations, and substantial reductions in seed set from inbreeding depression that shifts cohort composition towards those generated by outcrossing events, Kincaid’s lupine is likely maintain the currently high levels of within population genetic diversity. The case of Kincaid’s lupine provides an example of how the assumptions of severe inbreeding depression with small population size and habitat fragmentation can be inaccurate.
Finite element approximation of a nonlinear diffusion problem

Abstract This paper deals with the finite element approximation of the nonlinear diffusion problem: −div (\vbgrad u \vb p −2 grad u ) = f . Glowinski and Marrocco[3] have been shown that the rate of convergence decreases as p increases. In this paper we show that the rate of convergence is optimal and independent of p . This theoretical result agrees with the numerical experiments reported in the last section.
Prior flea beetle herbivory affects oviposition preference and larval performance of a potato beetle on their shared host plant

1. The herbaceous plant Solanum carolinense (L.) (Solanaceae) is host to a number of specialist insects, including the leaf-feeding beetles Epitrix fuscula (Crotch) and Leptinotarsa juncta (Germar) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Potted individuals of S. carolinense were subjected to one of two treatments: exposure to herbivory by E. fuscula or exclusion of all herbivores. The effects of E. fuscula herbivory on larval performance and oviposition preference of L. juncta were investigated. 2. Although the masses of the L. juncta pupae did not differ between the two treatments, larvae feeding on damaged plants developed more slowly than those feeding on undamaged plants. 3. In both paired leaf choice trials and whole plant choice trials, larvae of L. juncta showed no preference for undamaged versus damaged hosts. 4. In a field transplant experiment, adult L. juncta females showed slight feeding preferences and strong oviposition preferences for undamaged plants versus plants that had been fed on by E. fuscula. 5. The results are discussed with reference to their implications for plant-mediated competition among herbivores and constraints on the evolution of plant resistance.
Magnetic bead capture of cDNAs from double-stranded plasmid cDNA libraries

We have developed a cDNA library screening method which allows the simultaneous screening of >10 ( 12 ) double-stranded plasmid cDNA molecules with minimal a priori sequence knowledge. A biotinylated, gene-specific oligonucleotide probe along with abutting 'blocking' oligos is hybridized to the plasmid cDNA library and the target plasmid retrieved with paramagnetic streptavidin beads and transformed into Escherichia coli. Multiple rounds of enrichment with a target plasmid represented at 0.002-0.0001% resulted in over one-third positive clones. Our method will be useful for isolating even the rarest cDNAs starting from ESTs, isolated exons or homologous sequence information.
The Effects of Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension on Changes in Serum Prostate Specific Antigen Levels: Results From the Olmsted County Study

OBJECTIVE Men with type 2 diabetes have lower concomitant prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels; however, the influence of metabolic conditions on PSA changes over time remains unknown. Therefore, the goal of this study was to assess associations between type 2 diabetes and hypertension and changes in serum PSA levels. METHODS In 1990, a randomly selected cohort of Caucasian men, ages 40-79, from Olmsted County, MN completed questionnaires ascertaining demographic characteristics, current medical conditions and medications biennially, with 633 men undergoing blood draws. Men with a physician diagnosis of diabetes or hypertension at baseline, or who reported using medications to treat these conditions prior to baseline were considered exposed. Men with at least two serum PSA measurements (n = 569) were included in this analysis. Linear mixed models were used to estimate the annual percent change in serum PSA levels associated with diabetes and hypertension, adjusting for baseline age. RESULTS The overall mean change in serum PSA levels was 3.6% per year and increased with age (P = .009). Men with diabetes experienced less annual change in serum PSA levels (1.1%) than did non-diabetic men (3.7%), adjusting for age (P = .02). Age-adjusted change in serum PSA levels differed little by hypertension status (3.7% vs. 3.6%; P = .49). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Caucasian men with type 2 diabetes experience smaller increases in serum PSA levels as they age compared to men without diabetes. Additional research is needed to elucidate whether this difference results in a relatively lower incidence of prostate cancer or less cancer detection among diabetic men.
Effects of estrogen on response to edetic acid infusion in postmenopausal osteoporotic women.

We and others have hypothesized that estrogen helps preserve bone mass by affecting the PTH/vitamin D regulation of skeletal metabolism. To evaluate this theory, we tested the effect of estrogen administration on parathyroid sensitivity to hypocalcemic challenge. Subjects were postmenopausal osteoporotic women recruited from a tertiary care clinic (9 untreated and 12 receiving hormone replacement therapy at the time of the investigation). After baseline serum and urine testing, edetic acid (50 mg/kg) was infused over a 2-h period. Serum and urine samples were obtained over 5 h and 24 h after beginning the infusion. Serum ionized calcium dropped equally in both groups of women. There were overall group differences in PTH-(1-84) secretion (P < 0.02), with a greater peak (P < 0.04) and a longer period of elevation (P < 0.01) in the untreated than in the hormone-treated osteoporotic women. Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] and phosphorus as well as urinary phosphate and cAMP responded similarly in t...
Defining the anesthesia gap for reproductive health procedures in resource-limited settings

Abstract Background In resource-limited settings, severe shortages of anesthetists and anesthesiologists lead to surgical delays that increase maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. Objectives To more clearly understand the individual components of the anesthesia gap pertaining to reproductive health surgeries and procedures in resource-limited settings. Search strategy Medline, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Embase, and POPLINE were systematically searched for reports published before December 31, 2013. Search terms were related to obstetric surgery, resource-limited settings, and anesthesia. Selection criteria Studies that addressed the use of anesthesia in reproductive procedures in resource-limited settings were included. Data collection and analysis Reviewers independently evaluated the full text of identified studies, extracted information related to study objectives and conclusions, and identified the anesthesia gap. Main results Overall, 14 publications met the inclusion criteria. A significant lack of infrastructure, equipment and supplies, and trained personnel were identified as key factors responsible for a lack of anesthesia services. Conclusions A shortage of trained anesthesia providers, equipment, supplies, medications, and infrastructure, along with limitations in transportation in resource-limited settings have produced a wide gap between available anesthesia services and the demand for them for reproductive health surgeries and procedures. Safe, affordable, and scalable solutions to address the anesthesia gap are urgently needed.
Nonuniform sampling of hypercomplex multidimensional NMR experiments: Dimensionality, quadrature phase and randomization.

Nonuniform sampling (NUS) in multidimensional NMR permits the exploration of higher dimensional experiments and longer evolution times than the Nyquist Theorem practically allows for uniformly sampled experiments. However, the spectra of NUS data include sampling-induced artifacts and may be subject to distortions imposed by sparse data reconstruction techniques, issues not encountered with the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) applied to uniformly sampled data. The characterization of these NUS-induced artifacts allows for more informed sample schedule design and improved spectral quality. The DFT–Convolution Theorem, via the point-spread function (PSF) for a given sampling scheme, provides a useful framework for exploring the nature of NUS sampling artifacts. In this work, we analyze the PSFs for a set of specially constructed NUS schemes to quantify the interplay between randomization and dimensionality for reducing artifacts relative to uniformly undersampled controls. In particular, we find a synergistic relationship between the indirect time dimensions and the “quadrature phase dimension” (i.e. the hypercomplex components collected for quadrature detection). The quadrature phase dimension provides additional degrees of freedom that enable partial-component NUS (collecting a subset of quadrature components) to further reduce sampling-induced aliases relative to traditional full-component NUS (collecting all quadrature components). The efficacy of artifact reduction is exponentially related to the dimensionality of the sample space. Our results quantify the utility of partial-component NUS as an additional means for introducing decoherence into sampling schemes and reducing sampling artifacts in high dimensional experiments.
Quantity, bundle types, and distribution of hair cells in the sacculus of Xenopus laevis during development

Proliferation of saccular hair cells of the amphibian, Xenopus laevis, was examined at various stages of development. Numbers of total hair cells and of hair cell bundle types were determined in larval (stages 47, 52 and 56), recently metamorphosed juvenile (1 g), and adult (60 g) animals with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Hair cells were identified by ultrastructural analysis of the stereociliary bundle. Two general bundle types were present on the sensory epithelium: long stereociliary (LS) and short stereociliary (SS) bundles. Based on the kinocilium length, the SS bundle type was further divided into SS1 (kinocilium ≥ 8 μm) and SS2 (kinocilium < 8 μm). The sensory epithelium was composed of a central zone containing all LS and some SS bundles, and a peripheral zone containing only SS bundles. Our results show that in X. laevis, the number of LS and SS bundles, as well as the ratio of LS/SS bundles increased continuously during larval and post-metamorphic development, with an associated enlargement in the sensory epithelium area. These increases were more pronounced during larval life. The percentage of hair cells with SS1 bundles was greater in larval stages, while that of hair cells with SS2 bundles was comparatively higher in juvenile and adult specimens.
Interaction of technology and system architecture

Major hardware technology advances have and will have significant impact on system architecture by shifting feasibility constraints and causing new optimum structures to emerge.
Using GIS for spatial analysis of rectal lesions in the human body

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been used in a wide variety of applications to integrate data and explore the spatial relationship of geographic features. Traditionally this has referred to features on the surface of the earth. However, it is possible to apply GIS in medicine, at the scale of the human body, to visualize and analyze anatomic and clinical features. In the present study we used GIS to examine the findings of transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM), a minimally-invasive procedure to locate and remove both benign and cancerous lesions of the rectum. Our purpose was to determine whether anatomic features of the human rectum and clinical findings at the time of surgery could be rendered in a GIS and spatially analyzed for their relationship to clinical outcomes. Maps of rectal topology were developed in two and three dimensions. These maps highlight anatomic features of the rectum and the location of lesions found on TEM. Spatial analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between anatomic location of the lesion and procedural failure. This study demonstrates the feasibility of rendering anatomical locations and clinical events in a GIS and its value in clinical research. This allows the visualization and spatial analysis of clinical and pathologic features, increasing our awareness of the relationship between anatomic features and clinical outcomes as well as enhancing our understanding and management of this disease process.
Lectures on strings and moduli space

These lectures review some aspects of the theory of moduli spaces which have recently become important in string theory. They begin with some elements of complex geometry. There follows a general description of moduli space, followed by its complex structure. This lets us ask about the analytic properties of the string integrand and ultimately gives its intrinsic form. Along the way we discuss the holomorphic factorization theorems. Finally we discuss infinities in string theory and their interpretation in terms of the boundary of moduli space, following Belavin and Knizhnik.
Reproduction and adaptation of exotic hemlock scales (Homoptera: Diaspididae) on their new and native hosts.

The feeding sites and reproductive success of two Japanese armored scales, Fiorinia externa Ferris and Nuculaspis tsugae (Marlatt) (Homoptera: Diaspididae), on native and exotic hemlocks were appraised in an arboretum and in a field plot in Connecticut during 1981. Fecundity of both scales was significantly higher on native Japanese hemlocks. Tsuga diversifolia Masters and T. sieboldii Carriere, than on the two North American species, T. canadensis (L.) Carriere and T. caroliniana Engelmann, in the arboretum. Similarly, fecundity was significantly higher on T. sieboldii than on T. canadensis in the field plot. Feeding sites of these scales were not segregated on either host; nymphs of both scales colonized the undersides of the youngest needles most often. Higher reproductive success of scales on Japanese than on North American hemlocks could not be attributed to scale density, to concentrations of nitrogen and water in the young needles, or to hemlock growing conditions. Fecundity of both scales on T. canadensis and T. sieboldii was significantly greater among scales whose mothers had been reared on the same species than among scales whose mothers had been reared on the other species. Data revealed that F. externa (in 12 generations) and N. tsugae (in 24 generations) had adapted to the specific attributes of trees growing less than 10 m apart. such that scale populations on these trees had become qualitatively different.
Differences in Student Reported and Program Calculated Grade Point Averages in Internship Admissions

Abstract The dietetic internship application form recommended by the Council on Education requires the applicant to report six grade point averages (GPA). Some internship programs rely on the students to accurately and honestly calculate these GPAs. Other programs verify and recalculate grade point averages from all official transcripts. Recalculation requires accuracy, concentrated labor and speed to meet selection deadlines. One internship developed a computer software program to calculate four grade point averages: professional courses, biological sciences, "other", and total. The "other" GPA is a compilation of the other three GPAs students calculate, plus any additional courses on transcripts not included by the student. The purpose of this study was to determine if significant differences exist between student reported and program calculated GPAs. The GPAs of 83 applicants were compared using a paired t-test. No statistically significant differences were found between student and program calculated professional courses and natural sciences GPAs (p
Spatial and temporal factors in the perception of ethanol irritation on the tongue.

The sensitivity of the tongue to the irritation produced by ethanol was measured in five experiments. It was discovered in the first two experiments that both latency to the onset of irritation and perceived intensity of irritation varied with the locus of lingual stimulation. The tonguetip and the side of the tongue were found to be more sensitive (that is, they tended to produce higher magnitude estimates and shorter response latencies) than sites toward the middle of the tongue, with the tonguetip being the most sensitive area tested. However, even on the tonguetip the latency to onset of irritation (approximately 2–6 sec) was much longer than typical values for taste sensation. The third experiment demonstrated that increasing the size of the ethanol stimulus resulted in shorter response latencies and more intense irritation. The latter result indicates that the sensory system responsible for ethanol irritation is capable of significant (but incomplete) spatial summation. The final two experiments showed that significant summation also occurs when stimulus area is increased by adding a second stimulus at another lingual locus. Possible explanations for the regional differences in sensitivity and for the relatively long onset latencies of chemical irritation are discussed.
Meta-model driven construction of Timed Influence Nets

A methodology to develop domain specific Timed Influence Nets (TINs) via the use of ontological representation of domain data is presented. One of the main challenges in using TINs has been the difficulty in formulating them. Many Subject Matter Experts have difficulty in expressing their knowledge in the TIN representation. The meta-model driven ontology based approach described in this paper provides potential assistance to these modelers in quickly creating new models for new situations and spend more time doing analysis. The paper describes the theoretic concepts used and a process that leads to an automated TIN generation. A simple example is provided to illustrate the technique.
Zymosan induces selective release of arachidonic acid from rabbit alveolar macrophages via stimulation of a β‐glucan receptor

Zymosan, which is composed primarily of α-mannan and β-glucan polymers, is a well recognized activator of macrophages. The type receptor by which unopsonized zymosan induces arachidonic acid release was investigated. It was found that particulate β-glucan and zymosan stimulated an identical dose-dependent release of arachidonic acid. This release of arachidonic acid by zymosan was blocked by soluble β-glucans whereas soluble mannan had no effect. This inhibition was not due to a general toxic effect of the soluble β-glucans as they had no effect on calcium ionophore-induced release of arachidonic acid. β-glucan-induced fatty acid release from these cells was shown to be fairly specific for arachidonic acid. These data reveal that zymosan stimulates the specific release of arachidonic acid from rabbit alveolar macrophages, at least in part, via a β-glucan receptor.
Altered emotional interference processing in the amygdala and insula in women with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Background Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is characterized by distinct behavioral and physiological changes. Given the significant impairments related to PTSD, examination of the biological underpinnings is crucial to the development of theoretical models and improved treatments of PTSD.
Paleohydrological methods and some examples from Swedish fluvial environments. II - River meanders.

Empirical relations are developed between river-meander features and water-discharge characteristics for 19 reaches along Swedish rivers. In these relations, either average channel width or average...
HYPERBOLIC HOMOCLINIC POINTS OF ℤd-ACTIONS IN LATTICE DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS

We study ℤd action on a set of equilibrium solutions of a lattice dynamical system, i.e., a system with discrete spatial variables, and the stability and hyperbolicity of the equilibrium solutions. Complicated behavior of ℤd-action corresponds to the existence of an infinite number of equilibrium solutions which are randomly situated along spatial coordinates. We prove that the existence of a homoclinic point of a ℤd-action implies complicated behavior, provided the hyperbolicity of the homoclinic solution with respect to the lattice dynamical system (this is a generalization of the previous work of the first two authors). Similar result holds for hyperbolic partially homoclinic and heteroclinic points. We show the equivalence of stability for any equilibrium solutions and the equivalence of hyperbolicity for homoclinic points under various norms.
A intersecção entre o imaginário do fascismo, do império e da política colonial em Paisagem com mulher e mar ao fundo de Teolinda Gersão

O presente ensaio e um reflexao sobre a construcao no romance Paisagem com mulher e mar ao fundo de Teolinda Gersao do imaginario politico, social e cultural portugues durante o periodo do regime fascista de Oliveira Salazar e a forma como ele justifica e serve de suporte ideologico a retorica imperialista/colonialista de Portugal. O ensaio tambem demonstra como o ditador O.S. (codificacao de Oliveira Salazar) usa o poder coercivo de uma linguagem que se fundamenta em mitos, simbolos, cerimonias, exposicoes e rituais para controlar, silenciar e reprimir o povo portugues e paralisar a nacao. Finalmente, analisa-se a desmitificacao e a subversao do poder tirânico que o lider politico exerce no seu reino, o mar, simbolo de morte e de estagnacao, e a substituicao do reino do mar pelo da terra, simbolo de vida e de criatividade. ******************************************************** The intersection between the imaginary of Fascism, Empire and Colonial Politics in Paisagem com mulher e mar ao fundo by Teolinda Gersao This essay is a reflection on the construction in the novel Paisagem com mulher e mar ao fundo by Teolinda Gersao of the Portuguese political, social and cultural imaginary and the ways by which it serves as ideological support for the imperialist/colonialist rhetoric of Portugal. The essay also demonstrates how the dictator O.S. (codification of Oliveira Salazar) uses the coercive power of a language that is founded on myths, symbols, ceremonies, expositions and rituals to control, silence and repress the Portuguese people and to paralyze the nation. Finally, we analyze the demystification and the subversion of the tyrannical power that the political leader wields in his kingdom, the sea, and the substitution of the kingdom of the sea by that of the land, symbol of life and creativity. Keywords: Fascism, empire, myth, sea/land, imaginary
Relationships among Perceived Organizational Core Values, Corporate Social Responsibility, Ethics, and Organizational Performance Outcomes: An Empirical Study of Information Technology Professionals

This study is an extension of our recent ethics research in direct marketing (2003) and information technology (2007). In this study, we investigated the relationships among core organizational values, organizational ethics, corporate social responsibility, and organizational performance outcome. Our analysis of online survey responses from a sample of IT professionals in the United States indicated that managers from organizations with organic core values reported a higher level of social responsibility relative to managers in organizations with mechanistic values; that managers in both mechanistic and organic organizations which were perceived as more socially responsible were also perceived as more ethical; and that perceived ethical attitudes and social responsibility were significantly associated with organizational performance outcome measures. Our article discusses research premises, conceptual framework, hypotheses, research methodology, data analysis, recommendations for further research, and conclusions.
Ease of verbal S-R learning as a function of the number of mediating associations

Summary It was hypothesized that ease of verbal S-R learning is a function of the number of mediating units existing between the S and the R. Prior to the test stage three groups of Ss associated either 0, 1, or 2 nonsense syllables with both two-digit numbers and single letters. During the test stage the ease with which the three groups learned pairs composed of the letters paired with the numbers was measured in terms of three dependent variables. The results indicated significant differences among the three mediating conditions, with the two-mediator condition showing the most, and the nonmediated condition the least, test-stage facilitation.
In defense of the duty to assist: a response to critics on the viability of a Rawlsian approach to climate change

One test of the practical relevance of any theory of international justice will be to apply it to the case of global climate change. Several thinkers have already dismissed John Rawls’s Law of Peoples as a possible candidate for helping to manage this problem, arguing, among other things, that it demands too little, too late. This paper revisits and defends the Rawlsian framework as a viable approach to managing climate change. In particular, it argues that the duty to assist (the eighth principle of the Law of Peoples) may actually be an invaluable resource for dealing with the now inevitable consequences of global climate change.
Autumn-grazed orchardgrass-white clover pasture: nutritive value of herbage and lamb performance

Performance of livestock grazing pasture is inherently variable. Pastures must be managed to optimize quantity and quality of herbage to meet the nutrient requirements of a specific class of livestock involved in a defined production goal. Consumer desires for healthier meat products have shifted the emphasis to lean, trim carcasses from livestock production systems using forage crops. The purpose of this study was to characterize herbage nutritive value changes in grass-legume pastures grazed during autumn and to compare growing lamb (Ovis aries) performance and carcass quality when grazing autumn pasture or fed concentrate in feedlot. Less crude protein (CP) from legume was available for use by grazers in 1992 than in 1991. Frequent clipping of autumn pasture resulted in herbage with greater nutritive value (lower neutral detergent fiber [NDF] and higher in vitro organic matter disappearance [IVOMD]) than more mature stockpiled herbage. A computer model of energy determined from acid detergent fiber (ADF) nutritive value and herbage mass data predicted greater potential for lamb growth on intensively managed (clipped) vs. stockpiled herbage. Lambs fed grain bad greater (P < 0.05) cumulative weight gain, average daily gain (ADG), slaughter weights, chilled carcass weights, dressing percentages, leg conformation scores, ribeye area (REA), fat over rib, quality grade, and yield grades than lambs grazed on autumn pasture. However, carcasses from lambs grazing pasture in autumn had 14% less fat and about 8% more protein than lambs fed grain. While total fat content of carcasses was lower for pasture-grazed than grain-fed lambs, saturated fatty acid composition and cholesterol concentrations in lean tissue were not different. Percentage legume in the sward may have influenced the proportion of individual fatty acids in lean and fat. Market weight lambs may be produced from botanically complex autumn pasture.
Crystal structure of a DNA·RNA hybrid duplex with a polypurine RNA r(gaagaagag) and a complementary polypyrimidine DNA d(CTCTTCTTC)

DNA·RNA hybrid duplexes are substrates of RNase H and reverse transcriptase. The crystal structure of a hybrid duplex, d(5′-CTCTTCTTC-3′)·r(5′-gaagaagag-3′) (the uppercase letters indicate DNA and lowercase letters RNA), with a polypurine RNA strand and a complementary DNA strand has been determined at 1.8 A resolution. The structure was refined first at 1.9 A by XPLOR and subsequently by CNS at 1.8 A. The hybrid is found in a standard A-form conformation with all the sugars in the C3′-endo puckering. The 5′-terminal base dC of the DNA strand was clearly visible in the electron density map of the present structure, in contrast to the previously reported structure d(TTCTTBr5CTTC)·r(gaagaagaa) where the 5′-terminal base dT was not visible, leaving the terminal rA unpaired. Thus, the comparison of the terminal base pairs, C·g versus T·a, in the two hybrid crystal structures provides information on the stability of these base pairs in hydrogen bonding (three versus two) and base stacking interactions. The differences in the terminal base pairs produce different kinks in the two structures. Minor groove widening is observed in the present structure at a distinctive kink in the lower half of the duplex, in contrast to the small widening of the minor groove and a very slight bend in the upper half of the T·a structure.