cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5168: Mitochondrial 16srRNA variants and complex III expression in serous ovarian cancer

Patients suffering from serous ovarian cancer (SOC) are typically diagnosed at later stage, drastically decreasing their five-year survival prospect. Diagnostic tools, including the measurement of elevated levels of the CA125 protein released by ovarian tumors, provide valuable information but are inherently limited in specificity in diverse populations. Hence, there remains a need for more advanced diagnostic tests to distinguish the different histopathological subclasses to improve treatment outcome. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), by products of normal energy production within the mitochondria, are among the list of compounds believed to be involved in aging and the pathogenesis of many human diseases. Moreover, elevated ROS levels may cause subtle changes in regions of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) inducing oxidative stress and tumor microenvironment. Consequently, the events could be used to establish potential mtDNA markers involved in the progression of SOC as an age related disease. The aim of this study is to determine mitochondrial mutational roles and protein expression level in both precancerous and malignant stages of SOC. In the current study PCR-based sequencing was used to detect mtDNA sequence variants in the 16srRNA gene, known to be highly mutated in SOC. The gene spans 1671 to 3229 bp within the mtDNA and is highly conserved. Thirty-one frozen SOC tissue samples of four histopathological subclasses [cystadenoma, n = 7; borderline, n = 8; and malignant stages III/IV, n = 8 and normal no egg, no surface epithelium as a control, n = 8] were examined. Additionally, expression of mitochondrial complex III (Coenzyme Q-cytochrome c reductase) was evaluated using western blot analysis. Forty variants were detected of which three were unreported. G1811A, an unreported variant was detected in 50% of the borderline samples. The unreported variant C2794G was detected in normal, cystadenoma, and borderline with an increasing frequency of 50%, 83% and 100% correspondingly, however did not display in the malignant samples. A3364G an unreported variant was observed in all four categories with a frequency of approximately 70% or higher. Complex III was expressed progressively in normal, borderline and malignant samples. Moreover, the expression of complex III was significantly higher in the malignant samples compared to the normal control. Results from this study could suggest that the genetic instability of 16srRNA region may play a role in ovarian tumorigenicity. Additionally the over expression of complex III in the malignant stages could serve as a target for chemotherapy of serous ovarian disease. Citation Format: Shakeria L. Cohen, Sharifeh Mehrabi, Edward E. Partridge, Felix Aikhionbare. Mitochondrial 16srRNA variants and complex III expression in serous ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 5168.
Laser-excited fluorescence studies of gas-phase silicon atoms in silane chemical vapor deposition

Laser-excited fluorescence was used to detect gas-phase silicon atoms during chemical vapor deposition from silane. Measurements of relative silicon atom densities were made in a wide variety of conditions ranging in temperature from 600 to 1000°C, total pressure from 0.7 to 630 Torr, and added hydrogen from 0 to 60 Torr. These measurements involved more than a thousandfold change in the Si atom density and indicate that the gas-phase Si atom density is a very sensitive function of the deposition conditions. Profiles of the Si atom density as a function of height above the susceptor reach clear maxima above the susceptor, indicating that Si atoms are formed in the gas phase. The densities increase rapidly with increasing temperature and decrease on addition of H2 to the carrier gas. Beginning at ~100 Torr, decreasing the total pressure in the CVD reactor causes the Si atom density to drop toward zero.
Health Literacy and Palliative Care: Workshop Summary.

This book reports on a workshop that explored the relationship between palliative care and health literacy and on the importance of health literate communication in providing high-quality delivery ...
Developing and Implementing a Behavior Policy for an Academic Library.

A behavior policy provides guidelines for determining and managing unacceptable behavior. It protects library patrons and staff from abusive actions of others that undermine the purpose of the library. Development of a policy is facilitated by consulting staff, campus police and other officials, and by examining other libraries' policies and procedures.
Polarized Opinions and Shared Goals: Feral Cat Management in an Academic Community in Kentucky

Although there is general agreement among government agencies, conservation groups and animal welfare organizations that cat populations need to be managed, the management of cats is frequently a topic of debate between biologists/environmental groups and animal welfare/animal rights advocacy groups. The two groups’ beliefs are polarized in regard to impacts on wildlife, management strategies and efficacy of trap-and-neuter (TNR) programs. Concerns of conservation biologists relate to cats as predators, but welfare proponents feel that humans must take responsibility for free-ranging house pets and their feral offspring. It is not surprising that discussions of feral cat management become volatile. Much of the debate hinges upon whether management solutions should use lethal or non-lethal control strategies. Conservation biologists largely support cat euthanasia, while animal welfare activists support non-lethal treatments such as TNR for free-ranging cats. The issues of this larger conservancy/welfare debate framed the discourse of the cat problem and guided solution strategies at Eastern Kentucky University, where a population of cats has existed on the campus for many years. A tentative agreement has been forged between an administration that subscribed to a trap and remove policy, and a network of TNR volunteers. Both sides have focused on the common goal of a reduction in the number of campus cats. In addition, both sides have realized that each setting has its own particular constraints and that solutions must be tailored to those situations. Instead of resorting to invective, data are being collected. When well-meaning people meet and focus on solutions to a shared goal, positive outcomes become possible.
URBAN special edition

AbstractCurrently, neoliberalism serves as the foundation for the majority of educational reform efforts. Neoliberal approaches repeatedly privilege the value of ‘expert’ knowledge in framing policy and practice, resulting in limited opportunities for the impact of local community knowledge and experience on teaching and learning. While the neoliberal context narrows what counts as learning, participatory action research (PAR), youth-led participatory action research (YPAR), and engaged scholarship emphasize collaborative problem-solving among community organizations and schools that can expose the dangers of neoliberal trends in education. The articles in this special edition, titled ‘Challenging Neoliberal Reforms through Collaborative, Community Engaged Research,’ illuminate diverse approaches to collaborative research aimed at fostering a more inclusive, productive dialog regarding the impact and possibilities for educational reforms in K-16 schools. The authors identify the specific neoliberal reform...
Joan Clos: Urbanization is a tool for development

Joan Clos is the Executive Director of the Nairobi-based United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat). In this interview with Newton Kanhema for Africa Renewal, Dr. Clos talks about the effects of urbanization in Africa and the forthcoming Habitat III, a major UN conference on housing and sustainable urban development to be held in Quito, Ecuador, in October 2016.
Localized and sustained release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor from injectable hydrogel/microparticle composites fosters spinal learning after spinal cord injury

Damaged axons in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS), including those of the spinal cord, have extremely limited endogenous capacity to regenerate. This is the result of both the intrinsic and extrinsic inhibitory factors that limit the regeneration of adult neurons. Despite attempts to limit or eliminate the extrinsic inhibitory components, regeneration of adult neurons in the CNS is still limited. Therefore, additional factors that can further enhance the intrinsic plasticity of adult neurons need to be considered. Herein, we examine the effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a known growth factor for neuronal survival and plasticity, using an in vivo delivery method for a localized and sustained delivery to the spinal cord. A highly versatile injectable biomaterial platform for the sustained delivery of BDNF was developed using a physical blend of hyaluronic acid (HA) and methylcellulose (MC), in combination with poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microparticles. Contemporary studies examining the plasticity of the CNS suggest that the spinal cord is an important site for activity-dependent learning that can mediate motor function after injury or disease. Here we utilized such a learning paradigm in combination with local and sustained BDNF application (at L3-S2) to foster spinal learning after complete spinal cord injury in rodents. Our data suggest that composite biomaterial systems such as the one described herein can be utilized for the sustained and localized delivery of therapeutics following damage to the spinal cord.
Current complications and treatment of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease is defined by the clinical tetrad of aspirin sensitivity, nasal polyps, asthma, and chronic rhinosinusitis. Patients experience acute upper and lower airway reactions with exposure to aspirin and other cyclooxygenase-1 inhibiting medications. However, airway inflammation and disease progression occur even in the absence of exposure to these medications, often leading to aggressive polyp formation and need for systemic corticosteroids to treat exacerbations in asthma and rhinosinusitis.Areas covered: This review focuses on the direct and indirect complications of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Current and potential management strategies are discussed with emphasis on aspirin desensitization.Expert commentary: Aspirin desensitization remains the gold standard of treatment. Demonstrated benefits of desensitization include improved symptom scores, reduction in use of systemic corticosteroids, slowing of polyp regrowth, and tolerance of as...
The Impact of a Career and Technology Education Program

There continues to be a shortage of qualified graduates for agriculture jobs within the United States. One reason for this shortage is the decline in student enrollment in colleges of agriculture. ...
Surrogate End Points for All-Cause Mortality in Men With Localized Unfavorable-Risk Prostate Cancer Treated With Radiation Therapy vs Radiation Therapy Plus Androgen Deprivation Therapy: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance Several surrogates for prostate cancer–specific mortality satisfying the Prentice criteria exist, but whether these are surrogates for all-cause mortality, and how their performance compares, is unknown. Objective To ascertain and compare the performance of 4 candidate surrogates (prostate-specific antigen [PSA] failure, PSA nadir >0.5 ng/mL, PSA doubling time Design, Setting, and Participants For this randomized clinical trial, 206 men with unfavorable-risk prostate cancer who were seen at a Harvard-affiliated academic hospital or an associated community hospital between December 1, 1995, to April 15, 2001, were identified, randomized to radiation therapy alone or radiation therapy followed by 6 months of androgen deprivation therapy, and followed for a median 16.62 years. This analysis looks at the subgroup of 157 men with minimal comorbidities or no comorbidity (median follow-up, 16.49 months). Interventions Patients were previously randomized to receive radiation therapy or radiation and 6 months of androgen deprivation therapy. Main Outcomes and Measures Risk of all-cause mortality. Results Overall, a cohort of 157 men (median [interquartile range] age, 72.43 [68.75-75.53]) with unfavorable-risk prostate cancer and minimal or no comorbidities were selected for this study. Three tested metrics met all 4 Prentice criteria for surrogacy for the surrogate covariate in the adjusted model for all-cause mortality: PSA nadir greater than 0.5 ng/mL (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.72; 95% CI, 1.17-2.52;P = .01), PSA doubling time less than 9 months (aHR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.29-3.28;P = .003), and interval to PSA failure less than 30 months (aHR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.06-2.92;P = .03); while PSA failure did not. For the 3 successful surrogates, the proportion of treatment effect values were 103.86%, 43.09%, and 41.26%, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance A PSA nadir value of greater than 0.5 ng/mL following radiation and androgen deprivation therapy appears to identify men prior to PSA failure who are at high-risk for death. This could be used to select men for entry at the time of PSA nadir onto randomized trials evaluating the impact on survival of salvage androgen deprivation therapy with or without agents shown to prolong survival in men with castrate-resistant metastatic prostate cancer. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT00116220
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency/Premature Ovarian Failure: Management Considerations and Strategies

Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is estimated to occur in about 1 % of the population, with some racial and ethnic variation. Women with POI differ from those with age-appropriate menopause in several keys ways. First, they may suffer from concurrent conditions that are related to the early loss of ovarian function. Second, they are much more likely than age-appropriate menopausal women to undergo intermittent episodes of ovarian recovery and fertility. Although there is no currently identified method for predicting the likelihood of future pregnancy in women diagnosed with POI, about 5 % of women will have a baby after diagnosis. Finally, unlike age-appropriate menopausal women, women with POI face many years of life without endogenous estrogen exposure, and in most cases the benefits of hormone therapy far outweigh their risks.
Global Philadelphia: Immigrant Communities Old and New. Edited by Ayumi Takenaka and Mary Johnson Osirim

Philadelphia has rarely figured centrally in histories of U.S. immigration; nevertheless the city has been a destination for immigrants for three centuries, and immigrants have played a central role in the region’s development. Global Philadelphia explores how Philadelphia has affected immigrants’ lives, and how they have in turn shaped Philadelphia. This collection of case studies, gleaned from two Bryn Mawr College conferences in 2005 and 2006, taps into several trends in recent immigration studies: a focus on the transnational, relationships within and between ethnic groups,and a comparative connection between contemporary and historical contexts.
A mechanically robust modular vivaldi array panel for ultra-wideband sensing applications

This paper presents the design and implementation of a mechanically robust Vivaldi antenna array panel for ultra-wideband sensing applications. The radiating elements are fed by a built-in stripline power divider. Surface-mounted devices such as phase shifters, switches or power amplifiers can be integrated easily into the module for applications that require additional power and/or beam scanning. The antenna panel is fabricated by “sandwiching” together a base plate containing the flared-notch elements, a dielectric piece for the stripline power divider and a printed circuit board containing the antenna feed and power divider lines. Several of these panels can be combined easily to form a large 2D aperture. The overall structure is mechanically robust and is readily to be mounted and operated from various platforms. A prototype operating from 2 to 20 GHz has been designed and tested. A flight unit has also been prototyped and used in an airborne radar for fine-resolution snow measurements.
The Evolution of Humans and Their Economies

The first four chapters focused mostly on economics, that is, the procedures by which we study our economies. This chapter focuses more about the economies themselves, including their historical and biophysical basis.
Chronic Kidney Disease and Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle cell nephropathy (SCN) encompasses a spectrum of renal functional and structural abnormalities that begins in childhood and may progress to advanced CKD or ESRD by early or late adulthood. Although SCN has traditionally been attributed to the consequences of a viscosity-vaso-occlusive process, it has increasingly been recognized that hemolysis-endothelial dysfunction may play an important contributory role. Regardless of the predominant pathogenic mechanisms, well-described clinicopathological manifestations of SCN include impaired urinary concentrating ability, impaired renal acidification and potassium secretion, hematuria, proteinuria, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and progressive renal disease, among others. Progressive CKD may develop as a consequence of irreversible glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage. The range of kidney abnormalities associated with sickle cell disease (SCD) is wide, and the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms are varied. Therapeutic measures to prevent or alleviate kidney complications associated with SCD may have value.
Pulsed power driven hohlraum research at Sandia National Laboratories

Three pulsed power driven hohlraum concepts are being investigated at Sandia for application to inertial fusion research. These hohlraums are driven by intense proton and Li ion beams as well as by two different types of z-pinch x-ray sources. Research on these hohlraum systems will continue on Sandia`s PBFA II-Z facility.
Evolution of Sensory Receptor Specializations in the Glabrous Skin

The morphology and function of sensory receptors in the glabrous skin of vertebrates are described. The fundamental characteristics of these receptors are conserved across vertebrate orders, which suggests that they appeared early in vertebrate evolution to sense basic environmental stimuli of universal importance. The specialization and location of certain receptors in the glabrous skin tends to be associated with the evolution of modified dermal structures that are used to detect and evaluate food objects. Selection for specialized foraging behaviors and corresponding sensory receptors also favored the relative expansion of the somatosensory cortex, a trend that is evident across mammals, including humans.
6.09 – Chemoinformatics

This is an overview of chemoinformatics, the branch of chemical informatics that deals with small molecules and information about, and associated with, them. This chapter presents basic techniques and major application areas of chemoinformatics and a section placing special emphasis on topics of interest in the context of medical physics such as integration of bioinformatics and chemoinformatics, imaging agents, and metal-organic compounds and compounds containing radionuclides.
Glycan recognition at the saliva – oral microbiome interface

The mouth is a first critical interface where most potentially harmful substances or pathogens contact the host environment. Adaptive and innate immune defense mechanisms are established there to inactivate or eliminate pathogenic microbes that traverse the oral environment on the way to their target organs and tissues. Protein and glycoprotein components of saliva play a particularly important role in modulating the oral microbiota and helping with the clearance of pathogens. It has long been acknowledged that glycobiological and glycoimmunological aspects play a pivotal role in oral host-microbe, microbe-host, and microbe-microbe interactions in the mouth. In this review, we aim to delineate how glycan-mediated host defense mechanisms in the oral cavity support human health. We will describe the role of glycans attached to large molecular size salivary glycoproteins which act as a first line of primordial host defense in the human mouth. We will further discuss how glycan recognition contributes to both colonization and clearance of oral microbes.
Bioinformat-Eggs: An Educational Primer for Use with "LIN-41 and OMA Ribonucleoprotein Complexes Mediate a Translational Repression-to-Activation Switch Controlling Oocyte Meiotic Maturation and the Oocyte-to-Embryo Transition in Caenorhabditis elegans".

High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic techniques have enhanced classical genetic analysis and are essential methods for geneticists. Tsukamoto and colleagues use numerous genomic and bioinformatics methods to explore the role of ribonucleoprotein complexes in regulating oocyte meiotic maturation, which is the transition between diakinesis and metaphase of meiosis I. This primer provides guidance for both educators and students as they read “LIN-41 and OMA Ribonucleoprotein Complexes Mediate a Translational Repression-to-Activation Switch Controlling Oocyte Meiotic Maturation and the Oocyte-to-Embryo Transition in Caenorhabditis elegans .” The primer provides background information on the utility of the C. elegans germ line as a model for meiotic regulation, and further describes methods of bioinformatic analysis used to study translational and post-translational gene regulation. Additionally, the primer provides discussion questions and an active learning exercise designed to enhance student learning of critical genetic concepts.
Bioenergy Economy: Fields and Levels –A Narrative Review

The key point which is dealt with in this essay is the question of many philosophers, economists, and psychologists from Buddha, Socrates, and Epicurus to Adam Smith, Bentham, Freud, Reich, and Kahneman; the question of satisfaction and liberation from pain and boredom. Bioenergy economy (BEE) is introduced as a phenomenal-contextual, evolutionary, and metadiagnostic care system that facilitates the sustainable development of happiness. BEE follows its aim through using cognitive, behavioral, physical, energetic, and transpersonal modalities. This approach originates in the dynamic conventions of Freud, Lacan, Lyotard, and Deleuze's libidinal economy on the one hand and energy healing traditions such as yoga, qigong, and reiki on the other. Based on an economic and evolutionary model, BEE is employed to reach salutogenesis and consciousness evolution through integrating the four fields of body, narrative, relations, and intention (BEE fields). To do this, we need to cathect onto more proactive and agapistic levels of pleasure rather than cumulative and releasing ones (BEE levels). BEE uses biosemiotics as a common language for sublimating cumulative and releasing levels and following material, symbolic, reflective, and energetic signs in physical, symbolic, and existential worlds.
Impact of Long-Term Exposures to Ambient PM2.5 and Ozone on ARDS Risk for Older Adults in the United States.

Background Chronic exposures to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter Methods This observational study was conducted to estimate air pollution exposures at the ZIP code level and hospital admissions with ARDS among US Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥ 65 years from 2000 to 2012. A two-pollutant generalized linear mixed model, adjusting for sex, age, race, median household income, smoking, and weather, was applied. Results There were a total of 1,164,784 hospital admissions with ARDS in the cohort. Increases of 1 µg/m3 in annual average PM2.5 and of 1 parts per billion in annual average ozone were associated with increases in annual hospital admission rates for ARDS of 0.72% (95% CI, 0.62-0.82) and 0.15% (95% CI, 0.08-0.22), respectively. In low-pollution regions (annual average PM2.5 level Conclusions Long-term exposures to PM2.5 and ozone were associated with increased risk of ARDS among older adults in the United States, including exposures below current annual US National Ambient Air Quality Standards.
Short-term and long-term exposure to hexavalent chromium alters 53BP1 via H3K18ac and H3K27ac

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a well-known human carcinogen and a strong oxidizer that causes severe DNA damage. However, the associations between epigenetic dysregulation and DNA damage have not been well-characterized. In this study, we evaluated the effects of short-term and long-term exposure to Cr(VI) in human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells. Then, we explored the role of epigenetic modification in Cr(VI)-induced DNA damage. We found that short- and long-term exposure to Cr(VI) induced DNA damage and reduced the expression 53BP1, but increased the expression of other DNA repair mediators. Short- and long-term exposure to Cr(VI) reduced the levels of H3K18ac and H3K27ac and reduced their enrichment at the promoter of 53BP1. Long-term Cr(VI) exposure resulted in multiple malignant characteristics including cell invasion, migration, and tumorgenicity. These data demonstrated that reduced H3K18ac and H3K27ac following Cr(VI) treatment contributed to the suppression of 53BP1. Our study demonstrated that epigenetic changes and DNA damage responses are involved in short-term toxicity and long-term carcinogenesis induced by Cr(VI).
Delayed Graft Function in Simultaneous Liver Kidney Transplantation.

BACKGROUND Delayed graft function (DGF) is associated with inferior posttransplant outcomes in kidney transplantation. Given these adverse outcomes, we sought to determine the incidence, unique risk factors, and posttransplant outcomes for simultaneous liver kidney (SLK) transplant recipients developing DGF. METHODS We studied 6214 adult SLK recipients from March 2002 to February 2017 using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. We determined associations between risk factors and DGF using Poisson multivariate regression and between DGF and graft failure and mortality using Cox proportional hazard analysis. RESULTS The overall rate of DGF was 21.8%. Risk factors for DGF in the hepatitis C virus (HCV)-negative recipient population included pretransplant dialysis (adjusted incident rate ratio [aIRR] 3.26, P = 0.004), donor body mass index (aIRR 1.25 per 5 kg/m, P = 0.01), and transplantation with a donation after circulatory death (aIRR 5.38, P = 0.001) or imported donor organ (regional share aIRR 1.69, P = 0.03; national share aIRR 4.82, P < 0.001). DGF was associated with a 2.6-fold increase in kidney graft failure (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.63, P < 0.001), 1.6-fold increase in liver graft failure (aHR 1.62, P < 0.001), and 1.6-fold increase in mortality (aHR 1.62, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In HCV-negative SLK recipients, recipient pretransplant dialysis and components of kidney graft quality comprise significant risk factors for DGF. Regardless of HCV status, DGF is associated with inferior posttransplant outcomes. Understanding these risk factors during clinical decision-making may improve prevention of DGF and may represent an opportunity to improve posttransplant outcomes.
Discovery of a novel synergistic antimycobacterial combination targeting EfpA using large-scale chemical-genetics

With antimycobacterial discovery and development challenged by resistance, there is an unmet need for new drugs against tuberculosis, caused by the pathogenic bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Previously, we reported a large-scale chemical-genetic interaction screening strategy called PROSPECT, which resulted in identification of BRD-8000, an inhibitor of a novel target, EfpA. Leveraging the chemical genetic interaction profile of BRD-8000, we identified BRD-9327 as another, structurally distinct EfpA inhibitor. We now show that BRD-9327 is synergistic with BRD-8000, but with distinct mode of action and resistance mechanisms. Notably, due to their unique interactions, high-level resistance to BRD-9327 reduces the emergence of resistance to BRD-8000. Thus, the combination of BRD-9327 and BRD-8000 could represent a novel strategy for antitubercular chemotherapy in which mutual collateral sensitivity is exploited through drug combination or cycling.
Persistent right umbilical vein in isomerism.

Objective Our objective was to evaluate the incidence of a persistent right umbilical vein in isomerism versus situs solitus. Methods For this retrospective, observational, nonrandomized report, we identified fetuses with confirmed right umbilical veins from all patients referred for fetal echocardiography in Southern Nevada between January 2006 and January 2019. Results For the period January 2006 to January 2019, we identified 89 fetuses with situs solitus and a right umbilical vein from 16 320 women undergoing prenatal cardiac evaluation, resulting in a right umbilical vein incidence of 0.5% in situs solitus. For the same period, we identified 36 fetuses with isomerism and confirmatory umbilical vein imaging. Of the 36, 15 (42%) had right umbilical veins. Of the 15, four of 11 (19%) had left isomerism, and 11 of 15 (73%) had right isomerism (P = .006). Conclusions A right umbilical vein is rare with situs solitus and common with isomerism. A right umbilical vein is more common in right isomerism than left isomerism and should alert the clinician to check for isomeric situs, especially right isomerism.
Reproductive Due Process

This Article engages in a thought experiment. It assumes that the Supreme Court has correctly identified the constitutional scope of the substantive right to abortion by balancing a pregnant person’s right to liberty with the state’s interest in potential life. Following on this assumption, it asks the question: What else might the Constitution require? At the moment when the criminalization of abortion becomes constitutionally permissible in light of the countervailing state interest in fetal life, is there evidence to suggest that the state has any additional constitutional obligation to the pregnant person whose rights were overcome by the force of the state interest? And what other constitutional principles can be utilized to discern the form such an obligation might take? In various other contexts, the state can constitutionally infringe on the liberty and property of individuals through incarceration, quarantine, eminent domain, civil commitment, and conscription into military service, among other examples. In this way, the infringement of liberty and property attendant to compelled pregnancy is in line with other types of constitutionally permissible government action. In contexts outside of pregnancy, however, state action that deprives individuals of liberty and property in light of a countervailing state interest is constitutional only if the state also adheres to a number of other requirements before the deprivation of an individual’s right occurs, after the deprivation occurs, or both. These pre- and post-deprivation requirements include the mandate that the government provide notice, a hearing for the individual to contest the appropriateness of the deprivation, minimum conditions of care for those deprived of liberty, or fair compensation as remuneration for deprivations of property. In this way, the government infringement of a right that would be constitutionally impermissible becomes valid by ensuring such an infringement occurs only through established and fair processes and procedures. This concept is enshrined in the constitutional scheme as due process, and it ensures that government action that deprives individuals of protected rights is nonetheless fair and non-arbitrary in its application. If the substantive right to abortion is stated nowhere in the Constitution but can be derived from a penumbra of other rights specifically enumerated, then is it possible that a different constellation of constitutional provisions could be employed to argue a pregnant person who is deprived of liberty and property by virtue of state-compelled pregnancy is entitled to additional procedural protections? And if she were entitled to these rights, what might they look like? The answer to these questions provides insight into the rights and remedies that comprise the constitutional preconditions for the criminalization of abortion—Reproductive Due Process.
Machine Learning to Predict the Freeway Traffic Accidents-Based Driving Simulation

The aimed of this research is to evaluate and compare different approaches to modeling crash severity as well as investigating the effect of risk factors on the fatality outcomes of traffics crashes using machine learning-based driving simulation. We developed prediction models to identify risk factors of traffics crashes can be targeted to reduce accident. The Random Forest model demonstrated the best performance from among the six different techniques with accurate 82.6%.
Verifying concurrent search structure templates

Concurrent separation logics have had great success reasoning about concurrent data structures. This success stems from their application of modularity on multiple levels, leading to proofs that are decomposed according to program structure, program state, and individual threads. Despite these advances, it remains difficult to achieve proof reuse across different data structure implementations. For the large class of search structures, we demonstrate how one can achieve further proof modularity by decoupling the proof of thread safety from the proof of structural integrity. We base our work on the template algorithms of Shasha and Goodman that dictate how threads interact but abstract from the concrete layout of nodes in memory. Building on the recently proposed flow framework of compositional abstractions and the separation logic Iris, we show how to prove correctness of template algorithms, and how to instantiate them to obtain multiple verified implementations. We demonstrate our approach by mechanizing the proofs of three concurrent search structure templates, based on link, give-up, and lock-coupling synchronization, and deriving verified implementations based on B-trees, hash tables, and linked lists. These case studies include algorithms used in real-world file systems and databases, which have been beyond the capability of prior automated or mechanized verification techniques. In addition, our approach reduces proof complexity and is able to achieve significant proof reuse.
Performance Potential of Mixed Data Management Modes for Heterogeneous Memory Systems

Many high-performance systems now include different types of memory devices within the same compute platform to meet strict performance and cost constraints. Such heterogeneous memory systems often include an upper-level tier with better performance, but limited capacity, and lower-level tiers with higher capacity, but less bandwidth and longer latencies for reads and writes. To utilize the different memory layers efficiently, current systems rely on hardware-directed, memory -side caching or they provide facilities in the operating system (OS) that allow applications to make their own data-tier assignments. Since these data management options each come with their own set of trade-offs, many systems also include mixed data management configurations that allow applications to employ hardware- and software-directed management simultaneously, but for different portions of their address space. Despite the opportunity to address limitations of stand-alone data management options, such mixed management modes are under-utilized in practice, and have not been evaluated in prior studies of complex memory hardware. In this work, we develop custom program profiling, configurations, and policies to study the potential of mixed data management modes to outperform hardware- or software-based management schemes alone. Our experiments, conducted on an Intel ® Knights Landing platform with high-bandwidth memory, demonstrate that the mixed data management mode achieves the same or better performance than the best stand-alone option for five memory intensive benchmark applications (run separately and in isolation), resulting in an average speedup compared to the best stand-alone policy of over 10 %, on average.
Fragility and Resilience: Church History and Myth in Nineteenth-Century Ethiopia

The growth of a myth of ancient origins pertaining to the church and monastery of Marṭula Maryam and the exploration of its content and context form the central focus of this study. Material related to the church’s apparent ancient origin provides appropriate data through which to illustrate at once the themes of historical fragility and resilience. Marṭula Maryam consolidated its mythical history by suppressing the memory of its actual founder, thus altering the tradition of the church itself. This study will demonstrate that efforts to completely erase the memory of Marṭula Maryam’s founder and its original history were wholly in vain. Such acts of suppression inevitably leave indelible traces of the true past, not to mention the fact that its actual history is well secured within the records of other Ethiopian churches, as well as in those of Marṭula Maryam itself.
‘Contractual Obligation’ Vis a Vis ‘Sovereign Immunity’ Viewed Under the International Commercial Arbitration: Third World Perspective

To draw the attention of the investors to deploy in the developing country is the premier preference of Third World countries’ government. As a result, the interests of the Third World countries are endangered from early negotiation level of contracts to finalization. Investing corporations usually do not accept the municipal law of the contracting states for safeguarding investor’s interest even though the contracting states have been losing the ‘sovereign immunity’ in many cases. The interests of the investors are also protected, if the settlement is accomplished under the auspices of ICSID. Investors intend to have ‘certainty’ or ‘stabilization clause’ incorporating the lex arbitri or lex contractus in the contracts or ‘delocalizing’ or ‘internationalizing’ dispute settlement of the contract. Surprisingly this trend is the antagonistic to age old traditional practice of the ‘lex loci’. This situation demands development of the ‘lex mercatoria’ which is yet undecided. What would be priority in this regard? Is it either ‘principles of international law’ or ‘common laws of the civilized nations’? Whatever is it? The ‘international minimum standards’ for all, ‘Public interest’ or ‘general good’ of developing countries are to be accounted for making the arbitration friendly settlement measure. The objectives of this article are to explore the pulse of international commercial arbitration towards Third World countries’ ‘development’, ‘contractual obligations’, ‘sovereign immunity’ and interest of the investors irrespective of nationalities they belong in present in general, and in future in particular. In doing this, it would analyze the ‘autonomy of the party’, different perspectives of the presence and absence of the lex arbitri and lex contractus to see the prospects of the ‘depoliticized’ and ‘denationalized’ settlement forum and legal framework.
Interactive Illustrations on HTML5 Canvas: A Creative Introduction to Computer Programming

In the first assignment of a class entitled “Creative Coding”, students are asked to convert a pre-existing 2D illustration into an interactive digital interpretation, as an introduction to the general elements of coding and computer graphics in 2D environments. The majority of students taking this class have never coded in their lives, turning this assignment into an ideal introduction to principles of computer programming. Javascript, a very accessible and forgiving scripting language, is used to study the visual properties of real time graphic development on the HTML5 Canvas Object on any capable browser. Using a basic coding shell and any text editor, students learn about variables, coordinates, elemental shapes, quadratic and Bezier curves, RGB color definitions, linear and radial gradients, random elements, etc., in a new approach to drawing through code, that questions and challenges traditional analog illustration paradigms.
Can You Hear Me Now? Effects of Patient-Centered Communication With Young Adults Aged 26 to 39.

Patient-centered communication (PCC) is critical to the delivery of quality health care services. Although numerous health outcomes have been connected to patient–provider communication, there is l...
Rethinking Selectivism and Selectivity by Means Test

This article casts doubt on conventional thinking about selectivism and its narrow focus on the selective process. It is argued that selectivity is fairly neutral; even universal access to welfare is not free from the attachment of social stigma to welfare beneficiaries. The increase in benefits standards, another common strategy advocated by egalitarians, may not produce the desirable de-stigmatized effect for beneficiaries. The status ranking conception of social relations, reflecting the operation of the success ideology, holds the key to the transfer of social stigma in the social exchange of welfare benefits. In this regard, one needs to study the relation between the selective process and its ideological and institutional context, as well as the case for the conditional use of selectivity by means test
Sixty Years on: The Human Rights Movement Today

In this short essay I focus on the contemporary human rights movement, and in particular three broad areas of human rights. I provide a descriptive listing or cataloguing, commencing with a short consideration of the definition of what we refer to as the human rights movement. Based on my remarks as part of a panel discussion, I consider the human rights movements in three somewhat distinct categories: first, the structure and proliferation of human rights organizations; second, the seemingly growing human rights culture; and third, human rights violations by nations and private actors.
Aggregate investment, the stock market, and the Q model: Robust results for six OECD countries

Abstract Modern macroeconomists prefer the Q approach for modelling aggregate investment despite the empirical superiority of Jorgenson's ‘neo classical’ approach. This paper revisits this conflict. Its theoretical and empirical results make the case that, in contrast to the original static Q investment equation, a new dynamic Q equation is as satisfactory as Jorgenson's equation from an empirical standpoint while being more satisfactory from a theoretical standpoint. The paper identifies a theoretical and an empirical line of research in resolving the conflict between theorists and empiricists. On the theory side, the possibility of generating lags in a Q investment equation via the structural Q model is explored: This period's investment cost depends on the investment level achieved last period. The interpretation of this intertemporality combines adjustment costs and gestation lags. The closed-form Q equation is an ARMAX. The explicit generation of lagged investment therefore accounts for the key stylized fact characterizing the investment data process. The empirical line of research turns to data puzzles in the specification of a viable Q equation. It reconciles inter alia the ‘non- Q evidence’ which claims a paramount link between stock prices and investment with the ‘ Q non-evidence’ which denies such a link exists. More importantly, the ARMAX Q equations is systematically gauged against the Jorgenson and accelerator specifications across six OECD countries. This comparative analysis established that the superiority of the new Q equations over Jorgenson's is robust.
Butyryl-CoA transferase DNA abundance is not correlated with butyrate production of the intestinal microbial community in piglets with short-bowel syndrome (SBS) (LB370)

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between microbial composition, gene abundance, and corresponding short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration in piglets with SBS fed pre- and/or probiotics. We hypothesized that prebiotic consumption would increase the abundance of butyrogenic bactria, butyryl-CoA transferase DNA (BCoAT), and butyrate concentration while attenuating acetogens, acetyl-CoA synthase DNA (ACS), and acetate concentration. Neonatal piglets (n=70) underwent 80% jejunoileal resection and placement of a jugular catheter. Piglets received 80% parenteral and 20% enteral nutrition (EN) for 1, 3, or 7 days (d). Control piglets (CON) received unsupplemented EN, prebiotic (PRE) 10 g short-chain fructooligosaccharides/L EN (scFOS), probiotic (PRO) 1E9 CFU LGG, and synbiotic (SYN) scFOS + LGG. BCoAT was increased by PRE on ileal mucosa at 7d and by PRO in ileal lumen at 3d and 7d (p=0.05). PRE increased butyrate concentration vs CON independent of time (p=0.05). However, BCoAT ab...
Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement

It is my great pleasure to welcome you to the 10th Internet Measurement Conference. This year's conference continues IMC's tradition of being the premier venue for dissemination empirical research results providing insight into how the Internet operates in practice, as well as disseminating new methodologies for increasing our understanding of networked systems. In putting together this year's program we explicitly tried to uphold IMC's best traditions, such as encouraging reappraisal of previous results, fostering papers that assess emerging uses (or mis-uses) of the Internet and including a broad variety of topics. Per usual, the program is a mix of long and short papers to encourage both deep treatment of topics and early exposure to fresh ideas. This year's IMC program spans three full days and includes a record 47 papers (24 long papers and 23 short papers). The program was chosen by a highly skilled and dedicated program committee of 23 people. This year we received 211 submissions which represents a 16% increase over 2009. Interestingly, long submissions held fairly steady (110 this year vs. 115 last year) while the number of short submissions increased dramatically (101 this year vs. 68 last year). The review process proceeded in four steps. In the first round all papers were reviewed by two PC members which led to 125 papers being carried forward. The second round consisted of one additional review (and more in some specific cases). The PC then engaged in an online discussion which identified 11 papers that were "pre-accepted" and 61 papers to discuss at the PC meeting. The final decisions were made at the PC meeting which was held in Berkeley in July and attended by the vast majority of PC members. In certain cases we consulted with external reviewers for their expertise, however, this was a rare exception and nearly all reviews were conducted by the PC members themselves.
II. Nationalism In The Middle Ages

At an International Historical Congress of some years ago, one speaker explained that, so long as Europe had possessed one Church and one learned language (the Latin), nationalism was suppressed. This dictum received both contradiction and support; but the occasion was unsuited for any but the most superficial discussion. Ever since, however, I have noted passages which seemed to bear upon this important question; and I print them here, with the minimum of comment, by way of assistance to other students who may find time and inclination to pursue the matter further. Professor Marcel Handelsman of Warsaw has surveyed the subject, in brief, with a refinement of philosophical analysis to which I make no pretence. I try to use the term nationalism consistently within my own rough limits, but without attempt at scientific definition. My main object is to present evidence for the reader's judgment, without disguising the direction in which I lean myself: evidence varying a good deal in cogency from case to case, but with variations which any careful reader can estimate. Only thus can one start any really fruitful discussion. The multiplicity of indications collected in this comparatively short time convinces me that these are no more than the merest fraction of that which might be revealed by a concentrated search; but even this fraction may be enough to give a general idea of the whole.