cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variations in Structure and Salt Tectonics, Gulf of Mexico Continental Slope Basins: ABSTRACT

Detailed geophysical surveys were conducted over five intraslope basins on the northern Gulf of Mexico slope off Texas and Louisiana. Analysis of the seismic reflection data shows that these depressions are the result of coalescence of diapiric salt structures. They are filled with numerous thick sedimentary sequences with variable drape and onlapping relations. The difference in bedding attitudes which distinguish the sequences are believed to be a result of episodic salt movement. The five intraslope basins show great individual variability in the details of their physiography and structure. However, they may be classified into two main structural types: (1) eastern basins that are generally deep depressions with steepened slopes which display evidence of recent vertica motion and mass sediment movement and are underlain by salt at relatively shallow depths; and (2) western basins which are broad and shallow, formed between elongate ridge systems and which have undergone less deformation. The marked structural difference east to west is believed to be the result of differences in the thickness of the underlying salt. A thicker accumulation of salt to the east allowed for greater relative vertical motion in response to differential loading, and consequently more localized subsequent deposition. Differential loading on a thinner layer of salt may be expected to produce less vertical motion and broader basins, such as in the west. The composition and structure of the sedimentary sequences reflect complex interactions of sea-level fluctuations, thick sedim nt deposition, relative vertical motion of salt structures, related faulting, and mass sediment movement. Once formation of intraslope basins is initiated, they become the main loci of deposition for sediments reaching the continental slope. End_of_Article - Last_Page 568------------
Some observations on “reeler”, a neuromuscular mutation in mice

If they are active, reeler mutants are surprisingly similar to normals in appearance, level of cage activity, self-grooming, environmental and social exploration, mating behavior, social behavior in the nest, parental behavior, and in the age at which a variety of motor responses emerge. These include face washing, visual placement, negative geotaxis, and grasp reflex.
Statistical analysis of flow characteristics in the coastal zone

Abstract This paper presents analyses of flow characteristics in the near-shore and offshore environment using data from the Danish wind monitoring network. In this relatively high wind speed environment the temporal auto-correlation of wind speeds measured in the offshore coastal zone at or above a height of 40 m is not significantly higher than that from land masts. However, the persistence of wind speeds above typical wind turbine cut-in speeds is higher at coastal and offshore masts. The parameters of wind speed distributions calculated for the onshore and offshore data indicate that both the mean and form of the distribution is modified during offshore flow. It is shown that in the near-surface layer vertical propagation of the modified momentum flux differentially affects the body and tails of the wind speed distribution. These analyses further indicate that at a height of 50 m under stable stratification the flow has not fully adjusted to the differing fluxes over the sea even after an over water fetch of at least 11–20 km.
Transport of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate in human plasma

Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is an amphiphilic lipid that has been found to be a ubiquitous component of the cellular membranes of bacteria, plants and animals. The distribution of PHB in human plasma was investigated using chemical and immunological methods. PHB concentrations proved highly variable; in a random group of 24 blood donors, total plasma PHB ranged from 0.60 to 18.2 mg/l, with a mean of 3.5 mg/l. In plasma separated by density gradient ultracentrifugation, lipoproteins carried 20-30% of total plasma PHB; 6-14% in the very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), 8-16% in the low density lipoproteins (LDL), and less than 3% in the high density lipoproteins (HDL). The majority of plasma PHB (70-80%) was found in protein fractions of density greater than 1.22 g/ml. Western blot analysis of the high density fractions with anti-PHB F(ab')2 identified albumin as the major PHB-binding protein. The affinity of albumin for PHB was confirmed by in vitro studies which demonstrated transfer of 14C-PHB from chloroform into aqueous solutions of human and bovine serum albumins. PHB was less tightly bound to LDL than to other plasma components; the polymer could be isolated from LDL by extraction with chloroform, or by digestion with alkaline hypochlorite, but it could not similarly be recovered from VLDL or albumin. PHB in the LDL correlated positively with total plasma cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, and negatively with HDL cholesterol. The wide concentration range of PHB in plasma, its presence in VLDL and LDL and absence in HDL, coupled with its physical properties, suggest it may have important physiological effects.
Incorporating measurement error in the estimation of autoregressive models for longitudinal data

Abstract Rosner et al. ( Stat. Med. 4 (1985), 457–467) discussed the use of a first-order autoregressive model for longitudinal data with multiple time-dependent and time-independent covariates. The model assumes that both covariate and outcome variables are measured without error, a condition frequently not satisfied in practice. Here we extend their model to allow for measurement error on both covariate and outcome variables. We obtain maximum likelihood estimates of the model parameters given knowledge of the measurement error variance for both outcome and exposure variables. Our method differs from standard linear model measurement error methods which do not apply to autoregressive models. A simulation study comparing the maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) with the ordinary least square (OLS) estimates that ignore measurement error shows that the OLS estimates are grossly biased in the presence of substantial measurement error, while the MLEs are essentially unbiased. Furthermore, whereas the coverage probability of the confidence intervals based on the OLS estimates tends to be significantly smaller than the nominal level, the MLEs provide adequate coverage. The relative advantage of MLE versus OLS increases as either the amount of measurement error or the number of visits increases. Finally, we demonstrate that the method corrects for a severe underestimate of the effect of airway responsiveness on pulmonary function decline when both are measured with error.
Leisure as a Resource in Transcending Negative Life Events: Self-Protection, Self-Restoration, and Personal Transformation

Negative life events, such as the unexpected loss of a loved one, a disabling accident or a natural disaster, are inevitably distressing and disruptive. Coping with and recovering from such events generally requires a variety of personal and social resources. Previous research on leisure and coping has suggested that leisure orientations and relationships can be important in reducing the likelihood that stress becomes debilitating in some way. But the results of that work are equivocal and generally do not distinguish leisure resources that make events less stressful from those that are employed in coping with stressful events after they occur. This analysis examines the leisure-coping literature as well as recent work on the dynamics of coping and the impact of pleasant events and concludes in identifying four distinguishable functions of leisure that relate to self-protection, self-restoration, and personal transformation.
Regulation of inducible bradykinin B1 receptor gene expression through absence of internalization and resensitization

Rapid induction and down-regulation of bradykinin B1 receptor (BKB1R) gene expression is tightly regulated at the transcriptional and mRNA levels (Zhou et al. [1998] Biochem. J. 330:361-366; Zhou et al. [1999] Mol. Cell Biol. Res. Commun. 1:29-35). Here we explore regulation of BKB1R expression at the protein level. To make this inducible gene express constitutively, we utilized a bicistronic mammalian expression vector (pCMin) for stable transfection of the BKB1R gene into human lung fibroblasts, IMR90SV40. The BKB1R displayed a high affinity and specificity (K(d) = 0.5 nM) for desArg(10)-kallidin. The receptor mediated such signaling events as arachidonic acid (ARA) release, phosphoinositide (PI) turnover and Ca(2+)-flux. The receptor function proved differentially desensitized. For example, after initial exposure to desArg(10)-kallidin, a second stimulation with desArg(10)-kallidin did not induce further Ca(2+)-flux or ARA-release while PI-turnover continued unabated. Unlike most of the G-protein coupled receptors, the BKB1R did not internalize within 60 min of exposure to 10 nM desArg(10)-kallidin. It also did not resensitize. Thus, the duration and signal capacity of the BKB1R at the protein level is regulated through lack of internalization, an absence of resensitization and a lack of desensitization for certain events such as PI turnover. In fact, the absence of BKB1R resensitization is likely a very important contributor to the rapid disappearance of this inducible receptor.
The Tea Party is Half Right

My liberal friends—and I have some left, at least until this article is published—tell me that the Tea Party followers are a bunch of racist, homophobic, know-nothing, white, lower-class, gun-toting hicks. About the nicest adjective penned by liberals about the Tea Party is calling them a “libertarian mob.” But drawing on 50 years of sociological study of American society, I urge one and all not to dismiss in this way a major part of the American public. The Tea Party is viewed favorably by more Americans (41%) than either the Democrats (35%) or the Republicans (28%) according to a 2009 public opinion poll. And, according to exit polls, Tea Party’s supporters numbered about four out of every ten voters in the 2010 midterm elections. The Tea Partiers obviously played a significant role in the 2010 elections, and are likely do so again in the 2012 election, starting as soon as the GOP nomination battle takes off. True, in the longer run, I predict they will go the way of once-feared groups such as the John Birch Society and the Moral Majority—both of which were once considered a major threats to American democracy, and both of which changed the course of the nation to some extent, but were eventually absorbed by it. I find it particularly surprising that several observers hold that the Tea Party is an artificially-generated force, funded by shadowy conservative donors and whipped into a frenzy by right-wing media personas like Glenn Beck and select other demagogues. Thus, Paul Krugman writes that “the tea parties don’t represent a spontaneous outpouring of public sentiment. They’re AstroTurf (fake grass roots) events, manufactured by the usual suspects. In particular, a key role is being played by FreedomWorks, an organization run by Richard Armey, the former House majority leader, and supported by the usual group of right-wing billionaires. And the parties are, of course, being promoted heavily by Fox News.” However, there are several strong reasons for large segments of the American public to be very angry, frustrated, and worried about the future. The media is locked into a misleading figure when it keeps referring to the unemployed as roughly 10% of the labor force. Actually, this number reflects only those who actively seek work. One must add to this the millions who have stopped looking for work and those who find less work then they feel they need. If one includes these groups, the actual proportion of the population which is unemployed, underemployed, or discouraged is closer to 16%. Also, one should take into account that many have experienced unemployment, finally found some work— albeit for less pay and with fewer benefits than they previously had—and still live with the fear of falling back
Evidence of localized heating in CO2‐laser‐produced plasmas

Polyethylene foils and parylene disks have been irradiated by CO2 (λ∼10.6 μm) and Nd : YAG‐glass (λ∼1.06 μm) laser pulses focused to flux levels in the 1013‐ and 1014‐W/cm2 range. X‐ray pinhole photographs of the CO2‐laser‐produced plasmas exhibit intense localized emission regions whose characteristic dimensions are smaller than the nearly diffraction‐limited focal spot of the laser. Corresponding photographs of the glass‐laser‐produced plasmas show no evidence of localized emission. These experimental results are consistent with theoretical predictions for laser‐beam trapping and/or filamentation in laser‐produced plasmas.
Analysis of auroral morphology: Substorm precursor and onset on January 10, 1997

The solar wind interaction with the geomagnetic field is studied using global auroral images obtained by the Ultraviolet Imager (UVI) on Polar. We study the dynam,cs of the poleward and equatorward boundaries of the auroral oval in response to the solar wind IMF on January 10, 1997 using a neural network algorithm to perform an automated morphological analysis. Poleward and equatorward boundaries identified by the algorithm demonstrate a clear growth motion with the southward turning of the IMF and growth and poleward expansion at substorm onset. The area poleward of the oval (polar cap) is found to increase in size coincident with the'southward turning of the IMF Bz component at 0220 UT and peaks at substorm onset at 0334 UT. The area of the oval, however, decreases continuously throughout the period of the polar cap area increase with a slight recovery observed during the substorm onset. These observations are consistent with the concept that magnetospheric dynamics are directly driven by the solar wind-geomagnetic field interactions.
Spatial Topology and Gauge Field Instabilities

Abstract The behaviour of a non-abelian gauge theory containing fermions in a nonsimply connected space-time with spatial topology S 1 × R 2 is studied uisng the background-field method. It is shown that the existence of inequivalent spin connections is not essential for the stability of the vanishing gauge field in contrast to the situation in QED. Comments are made concerning the inclusion of scalar fields.
Combined deletion of SCD1 from adipose tissue and liver does not protect mice from obesity

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) from saturated FA. Mice with whole-body or skin-specific deletion of SCD1 are resistant to obesity. Here, we show that mice lacking SCD1 in adipose and/or liver are not protected from either genetic- (agouti; Ay/a) or diet-induced obesity (DIO) despite a robust reduction in SCD1 MUFA products in both subcutaneous and epididymal white adipose tissue. Adipose SCD1 deletion had no effect on glucose or insulin tolerance or on hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation. Interestingly, lack of SCD1 from liver lowered the MUFA levels of adipose tissue and vice versa, as reflected by the changes in FA composition. Simultaneous deletion of SCD1 from liver and adipose resulted in a synergistic lowering of tissue MUFA levels, especially in the Ay/a model in which glucose tolerance was also improved. Lastly, we found that liver and plasma TG show nearly identical genotype-dependent differences in FA composition, indicating that FA composition of plasma TG is predictive for hepatic SCD1 activity and TG FA composition. The current study suggests that SCD1 deletion from adipose and/or liver is insufficient to elicit protection from obesity, but it supports the existence of extensive lipid cross-talk between liver and adipose tissue.—Flowers, M. T., L. Ade, M. S. Strable, and J. M. Ntambi.
Contributions of integrin‐linked kinase to breast cancer metastasis and tumourigenesis

Metastasis contributes to more than 90% of mortality in breast cancer. Critical stages in the development of aggressive breast cancer include growth of the primary tumours, and their abilities to spread to distant organs, colonize and establish an independent blood supply. The integrin family of cell adhesion receptors is essential to breast cancer progression. Furthermore, integrin-linked kinase can ‘convert’ localized breast cancer cells into invasive and metastatic cells. Upon stimulation by growth factors and chemokine ligands, integrin-linked kinase mediates the phosphorylation of Akt Ser 473 , and glycogen synthase kinase-3. The current notion is that overexpression of integrin-linked kinase resulted in an invasive, metastatic phenotype in several cancer model systems in vivo and in vitro, thus, implicating a role for integrin-linked kinase in oncogenic transformation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Here, we will review the role of integrin-linked kinase in breast cancer metastasis. Elucidation of signalling events important for breast tumour metastasis should provide insights into successful breast cancer therapies.
Hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios of tree ring cellulose for field-grown riparian trees.

The isotopic composition of tree ring cellulose was obtained over a 2-year period from small-diameter riparian-zone trees at field sites that differed in source water isotopic composition and humidity. The sites were located in Utah (cool and low humidity), Oregon (cool and high humidity), and Arizona (warm and low humidity) with source water isotope ratio values of –125/–15‰ (δD/δ18O), –48/–6‰, and –67/–7‰, respectively. Monthly environmental measurements included temperature and humidity along with measurements of the isotope ratios in atmospheric water vapor, stream, stem, and leaf water. Small riparian trees used only stream water (both δD and δ18O of stem and stream water did not differ), but δ values of both atmospheric water vapor and leaf water varied substantially between months. Differences in ambient temperature and humidity conditions between sites contributed to substantial differences in leaf water evaporative enrichment. These leaf water differences resulted in differences in the δD and δ18O values of tree ring cellulose, indicating that humidity information was recorded in the annual rings of trees. These environmental and isotopic measurements were used to test a mechanistic model of the factors contributing to δD and δ18O values in tree ring cellulose. The model was tested in two parts: (a) a leaf water model using environmental information to predict leaf water evaporative enrichment and (b) a model describing biochemical fractionation events and isotopic exchange with medium water. The models adequately accounted for field observations of both leaf water and tree ring cellulose, indicating that the model parameterization from controlled experiments was robust even under uncontrolled and variable field conditions.
Dynamical conductivity of a quantum-wire superlattice.

The dynamical current response of a multiple-quantum-wire superlattice to a time-oscillatory external electric field is examined using Kubo's linear-response theory. Couplings of the quasi-one-dimensional electron gases with phonons (polar optic, and acoustic deformation potential) are discussed to lowest order in terms of a current-current correlation function which embodies both intrawire and interwire electron-electron Coulomb interactions. The associated dynamic screening of the electron-phonon interaction is approximated by employing the random-phase-approximation density-density correlation function for the interacting electrons of the quantum-wire superlattice. The frequency-dependent conductivity of this system is evaluated numerically, exhibiting its variations with temperature and geometrical superlattice parameters.
Visual–Somatosensory Integration is Linked to Physical Activity Level in Older Adults

Studies examining multisensory integration (MSI) in aging consistently demonstrate greater reaction time (RT) facilitation in old compared to young adults, but often fail to determine the utility of MSI. The aim of the current experiment was to further elucidate the utility of MSI in aging by determining its relationship to physical activity level. 147 non-demented older adults (mean age 77 years; 57% female) participated. Participants were instructed to make speeded responses to visual, somatosensory, and visual–somatosensory (VS) stimuli. Depending on the magnitude of the individuals’ RT facilitation, participants were classified into a MSI or NO MSI group. Physical activity was assessed using a validated physical activity scale. As predicted, RTs to VS stimuli were significantly shorter than those elicited to constituent unisensory conditions. Multisensory RT facilitation was a significant predictor of total number of physical activity days per month, with individuals in the NO MSI group reporting greater engagement in physical activities compared to those requiring greater RT facilitation.
Correspondence Analysis in Statistical Package Programs

Abstract BMDP, Version 7.0: Available from BMDP, Statistical Software, Inc., 12121 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 300, Los Angeles, CA 90025; phone: 310-207-8800; fax: 310-207-8844. $695. NCSS, Version 5.3: Available from NCSS, Attn: Dr. Jerry Hintze, 329 N. 1000 East, Kaysville, UT 84037; phone: 801-546-0445; fax: 801-546-3907. $295. SAS, Version 6.07: Available from SAS Institute, Inc., SASA Campus Drive, Cary, NC 27513; phone: 919-677-8200; fax: 919-677-8123. $2525 (first year); $1175 (renewal). SPSS, Version 6.0: Available from SPSS Inc., 444 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL 60611; phone: 800-543-5831; fax: 800-841-0064. $1190.
Matching events in a content-based subscription system

Content-based subscription systems are an emerging alternative to traditional publish-subscribe systems, because they permit more flexible subscriptions along multiple dimensions. In these systems, each subscription is a predicate which may test arbitrary attributes within an event. However, the matching problem for content-based systems — determining for each event the subset of all subscriptions whose predicates match the event — is still an open problem. We present an efficient, scalable solution to the matching problem. Our solution has an expected time complexity that is sub-linear in the number of subscriptions, and it has a space complexity that is linear. Specifically, we prove that for predicates reducible to conjunctions of elementary tests, the expected time to match a random event is no greater than O(N 1 ) where N is the number of subscriptions, and is a closed-form expression that depends on the number and type of attributes (in some cases, 1=2). We present some optimizations to our algorithms that improve the search time. We also present the results of simulations that validate the theoretical bounds and that show acceptable performance levels for tens of thousands of subscriptions. Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. 14853-7501, aguilera@cs.cornell.edu IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, N.Y. 10598, fstrom, sturman, tusharg@watson.ibm.com Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Springfield Ave, Urbana, I.L. 61801, astley@cs.uiuc.edu
Kinetic mechanism of catalytic subunits (c3) of E. coli aspartate transcarbamylase at pH 7.0

In contrast to holo-enzyme (c6r6), catalytic subunits (c3) of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamylase (carbamoyl-phosphate: l-aspartate carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.2) do not exhibit allosteric interactions or inhibition effects that complicate kinetic investigations of substrate binding order. Equilibrium isotope-exchange kinetic probes of c3 at pH 7.0 and 30°C produced kinetic saturation patterns consistent with a strongly preferred order random kinetic mechanism, in which carbamoyl phosphate binds prior to aspartate and carbamoyl aspartate is released before Pi. Weak substrate inhibition effects observed with c6r6 did not occur with c3, possibly due to decreased affinity for ligands at the dianion inhibition site.
Attachment and Early Language Development: Implications for Early Intervention

It has been proposed that early language is acquired in the context of interpersonal interactions, with parent-child interactions serving as an important foundation (Nicely, Tamis-LeMonda, & Bornst...
Receiving Cattle Nutrition

Depressed feed intake is the major nutritional problem in newly received feeder cattle. This article draws on findings from receiving experiments to offer recommendations on common matters of debate. These include the initial use of feed versus water; appropriate types of feed; the dietary roles of concentrate, protein, and other nutrients; the use of medication; and strategies for lactic acid adaptation and prevention of acidosis.
Decompressive bifrontal craniectomy in the treatment of severe refractory posttraumatic cerebral edema.

Objective The management of malignant posttraumatic cerebral edema remains a frustrating endeavor for the neurosurgeon and the intensivist. Mortality and morbidity rates remain high despite refinements in medical and pharmacological means of controlling elevated intracranial pressure; therefore, a comparison of medical management versus decompressive craniectomy in the management of malignant posttraumatic cerebral edema was undertaken. Methods At the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, 35 bifrontal decompressive craniectomies were performed on patients suffering from malignant posttraumatic cerebral edema. A control population was formed of patients whose data was accrued in the Traumatic Coma Data Bank. Patients who had undergone surgery were matched with one to four control patients based on sex, age, preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale scores, and maximum preoperative intracranial pressure (ICP). Results The overall rate of good recovery and moderate disability for the patients who underwent craniectomies was 37% (13 of 35 patients), whereas the mortality rate was 23% (8 of 35 patients). Pediatric patients had a higher rate of favorable outcome (44%, 8 of 18 patients) than did adult patients. Postoperative ICP was lower than preoperative ICP in patients who underwent decompression (P = 0.0003). Postoperative ICP was lower in patients who underwent surgery than late measurements of ICP in the matched control population. A statistically significant increased rate of favorable outcomes was seen in the patients who underwent surgery compared to the matched control patients (15.4%) (P = 0.014). All patients who exhibited sustained ICP values above 40 torr and those who underwent surgery more than 48 hours after the time of injury did poorly. Evaluation of the 20 patients who did not fit into either of those categories revealed a 60% rate of favorable outcome and a statistical advantage over control patients (P = 0.0001). Conclusion Decompressive bifrontal craniectomy provides a statistical advantage over medical treatment of intractable posttraumatic cerebral hypertension and should be considered in the management of malignant posttraumatic cerebral swelling. If the operation can be accomplished before the ICP value exceeds 40 torr for a sustained period and within 48 hours of the time of injury, the potential to influence outcome is greatest.
Noncausal propagation in spin-0 theories with external field interactions

The two-component Sakata-Taketani (ST) spin-0 theory and the single-component Klein-Gordon theory are obtained from the five-component Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau (DKP) theory with six types of external field interactions by means of a Peirce decomposition. Whereas the DKP equation manifests the covariance, the ST equation manifests the causal properties. In particular, the presence of noncausal wave propagation when there is coupling to a second-rank tensor field is apparent from the form of the ST equation, in which the coefficients of all the space derivatives depend on the external field. The results indicate that the causal properties of higher-spin equations should also be obvious when they are expressed in 2(2J + 1)-component Schroedinger form
Structures, Rotational Barriers, and Thermochemical Properties of β-Chlorinated Ethyl Hydroperoxides

Structures, internal rotational barriers, and thermochemical properties of 2-chloroethyl hydroperoxide, 2,2-dichloroethyl hydroperoxide, and 2,2,2-trichloroethyl hydroperoxide are computed by ab initio and density functional calculations. Molecular structures and vibrational frequencies are determined at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) density functional level, with single-point calculations for the energy at the B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,-2p), QCISD(T)/6-31G(d,p), and CBSQ//B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) levels. The S° 2 9 8 and C p (T) values (0 ≤ T/K ≤ 5000) from vibrational, translational, and external rotational contributions are calculated using statistical mechanics based on the vibrational frequencies and structures obtained from the density functional study. Potential barriers for the internal rotations are calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level, and all minima and maxima on the torsional potentials are fully optimized. The hindered rotational contributions to S° 2 9 8 and Cp(T) are calculated by using direct integration over energy levels of the internal rotational potentials. The enthalpies of formation are calculated using isodesmic reactions, and the recommended ΔH f ° 2 9 8 values for CH 2 ClCH 2 OOH, CHCl 2 CH 2 OOH, and CCl 3 CH 2 OOH are -45.47 ′ 1.20, -48.92 ′ 1.50, and -50.21 ′ 1.36 kcal/mol, respectively. Interaction terms for a peroxy group with chlorine(s) on a β carbon are developed for the group additivity approach. Bond energies calculated from the enthalpies of β-chlorinated ethyl hydroperoxides and their corresponding radicals show good agreement with those from our previous studies.
Effects of pertussis toxin on caudate neuron electrophysiology: studies with dopamine D1 and D2 agonists

The selective D1 and D2-agonists SKF-38393 and N-0437 respectively, were tested in caudate pretreated with PT. A paired recording paradigm was used where the contralateral untreated caudate served as a control. Micropipettes were used to locally apply SKF-38393 and N-O437 onto neurons in both control and PT-pretreated caudate. A significant attenuation of the responses to the D2 agonist were observed after PT administration. Only 1 out 12 cells tested on the PT side demonstrated any response to locally applied N-O437, whereas 90% of the neurons responded to the drug on the control side. Neurons from both the PT-pretreated and control caudates responded to locally applied SKF-38393. In addition to the specific D1 and D2 receptor agonists, DA and the indirect dopamine agonist PCP were tested for changes in responsiveness. Dopamine was equally efficacious at both control and PT-pretreated caudate neurons, which suggest that dopamine locally applied from the micropipette can interact with the unperturbed D1 receptors in the PT-pretreated caudate. On the other hand, the response to PCP was significantly attenuated after PT administration, which suggest that endogenously released DA preferentially interacts with the D2 receptor subtype. Taken together these data suggest an important role for the D2 receptor in the physiology of dopamine responsiveness in the caudate nucleus.
Living with the dying: An early AIDS experience

The HIV/AIDS epidemic in boys and men with hemophilia began in the early 1980s with the puzzling occurrence of systemic illness and fatal opportunistic infections in patients who had received plasma-derived clotting factor concentrates. This brief narrative describes one physician's experience in caring for patients with hemophilia and HIV infection early in the epidemic.
Transducer placement for robustness to variations in boundary conditions for active structural acoustic control

Turbulent boundary layer (TBL) noise is considered a primary contribution to the interior noise present in commercial airliners. There are numerous investigations of interior noise control devoted to aircraft panels; however, practical realization is a potential challenge since physical boundary conditions are uncertain at best. In most prior studies, pinned or clamped boundary conditions were assumed; however, realistic panels likely display a range of boundary conditions between these two limits. Uncertainty in boundary conditions is a challenge for control system designers, both in terms of the compensator implemented and the location of transducers required to achieve the desired control. The impact of model uncertainties, specifically uncertain boundaries, on the selection of transducer locations for structural acoustic control is considered herein. The final goal of this work is the design of an aircraft panel structure that can reduce TBL noise transmission through the use of a completely adaptive, single-input, single-output control system. The feasibility of this goal is demonstrated through the creation of a detailed analytical solution, followed by the implementation of a test model in a transmission loss apparatus. Successfully realizing a control system robust to variations in boundary conditions can lead to the design and implementation of practical adaptive structures that could be used to control the transmission of sound to the interior of aircraft. Results from this research effort indicate it is possible to optimize the design of actuator and sensor location and aperture, minimizing the impact of boundary conditions on the desired structural acoustic control.
Iron-blocking the high-affinity Mn-binding site in photosystem II facilitates identification of the type of hydrogen bond participating in proton-coupled electron transport via YZ.

Incubation of Mn-depleted PSII membranes [PSII(-Mn)] with Fe(II) is accompanied by the blocking of Y(Z)(*) at the high-affinity Mn-binding site to exogenous electron donors [Semin et al. (2002) Biochemistry 41, 5854-5864] and a shift of the pK(app) of the hydrogen bond partner for Y(Z) (base B) from 7.1 to 6.1 [Semin, B. K., and Seibert, M. (2004) Biochemistry 43, 6772-6782]. Here we calculate activation energies (E(a)) for Y(Z)(*) reduction in PSII(-Mn) and Fe-blocked PSII(-Mn) samples [PSII(-Mn, +Fe)] from temperature dependencies of the rate constants of the fast and slow components of the flash-probe fluorescence decay kinetics. At pH pK(app), the decay kinetics exhibit an additional slow component in PSII(-Mn, +Fe) membranes (E(a) = 36.1 +/- 7.5 kJ/mol), which is much lower than the E(a) of the corresponding component observed for Y(Z)(*) reduction in PSII(-Mn) samples (48.1 +/- 1.7 kJ/mol). We suggest that the above difference results from the formation of a strong low barrier hydrogen bond (LBHB) between Y(Z) and base B in PSII(-Mn, +Fe) samples. To confirm this, Fe-blocking was performed in D(2)O to insert D(+), which has an energetic barrier distinct from H(+), into the LBHB. Measurement of the pH effects on the rates of Y(Z)(*) reduction in PSII(-Mn, +Fe) samples blocked in D(2)O shows a shift of the pK(app) from 6.1 to 7.6, and an increase in the E(a) of the slow component. This approach was also used to measure the stability of the Y(Z)(*) EPR signal at various temperatures in both kinds of membranes. In PSII(-Mn) membranes, the freeze-trapped Y(Z)(*) radical is stable below 190 K, but half of the Y(Z)(*) EPR signal disappears after a 1-min incubation when the sample is warmed to 253 K. In PSII(-Mn, +Fe) samples, the trapped Y(Z)(*) radical is unstable at a much lower temperature (77 K). However, the insertion of D(+) into the hydrogen bond between Y(Z) and base B during the blocking process increases the temperature stability of the Y(Z)(*) EPR signal at 77 K. Again, these results indicate that Fe-blocking involves Y(Z) in the formation of a LBHB, which in turn is consistent with the suggested existence of a LBHB between Y(Z) and base B in intact PSII membranes [Zhang, C., and Styring, S. (2003) Biochemistry 42, 8066-8076].
Extrathoracic solitary fibrous tumor of the pelvic peritoneum with central malignant degeneration on CT and MRI.

We describe a 61-year-old man who presented with an extrathoracic solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the pelvic peritoneum with central malignant degeneration as seen on computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and histopathology. When a central focus of heterogeneity and variable contrast enhancement are identified within a fibrous tumor of the pelvis on CT or MRI, malignant degeneration of an extrathoracic SFT, although rare, should be considered as a diagnostic possibility. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The design of archaeological surveys

Abstract Archaeological survey design is viewed as a problem in choosing techniques for site and artefact discovery that are most cost‐effective given the particular archaeological and environmental characteristics of the study area. Uncontrollable factors of the study area discussed are abundance, clustering, obtrusiveness of archaeological materials, and visibility and accessibility. Both purposive and probabilistic techniques for varying discovery probabilities are examined within the framework of recovery theory. In addition, other considerations involved in survey design are reviewed, including field crews, site definition, recording procedures, surface collecting and testing. Finally, a three‐stage survey programme is outlined, wherein stress is laid on acquiring the knowledge needed for making decisions about survey techniques.
Estimation of Net Radiation From the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Over the Continental United States

Net radiation, at the Earth's surface, is a key variable of interest in fields such as hydrology, climate research, and agriculture. Retrieval algorithms for estimation of the surface radiation budget (SRB) from remote sensing data generally suffer from two major shortcomings: difficulty in dealing with cloudy-sky conditions and reliance on study-site specific ancillary ground data. In this paper, we use the methodology of Bisht and Bras (BB10) to estimate SRB and its components, using only remote sensing data under all sky conditions. The BB10 framework is applied over seven sites of the Surface Radiation Budget network in the CONtinental United States (CONUS), along with 21 sites of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program in the Southern Great Plains. The data from both the Aqua and Terra satellites are used for entire 2006. The study examines instantaneous upwelling and downwelling shortwave, longwave, net shortwave, and net radiations, as well as daily average net shortwave and net radiations. The root-mean-square errors of estimated daily average net radiation and daily average net shortwave radiation when compared to ground observations are 52.42 and 52.21 W · m-2, respectively. An example of the retrieved instantaneous and daily average net radiation is also presented, which highlights the limitation of using only polar-orbiting satellite data in estimating the diurnal cycle of net radiation. Two adaptations to the algorithm are presented that make the production of SRB estimates over the CONUS feasible. Finally, the methodology is applied to produce daily SRB maps for the CONUS, and monthly SRB maps are presented.
Autonomous animated interactive characters: do we need them?

The author addresses the role of autonomy in interactive animated characters. He argues that even a small amount of autonomy can lift what is already a great interactive character into a new dimension. He shows how different levels of autonomy may be appropriate for different types of characters. He then argues that autonomy, intentionality, variability and adaptation are all critical components in creating the illusion of life in interactive characters. He reviews current work in the field and proposes a number of practical applications for autonomous characters in both interactive and non-interactive animation.
Bile pigments: newcomers to the cell signaling arena.

The article highlighted in this issue is "2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-Induced Accumulation of Biliverdin and Hepatic Peliosis in Rats," by Marjo Nittynen, Jouni T. Tuomisto, Seppo Auriola, Raimo Pohjanvirta, Paula Syrjala, Ulla Simanainen, Matti Viluksela, and Jouko Tuomisto (pp. 112-123).
Interactions of currents and weakly nonlinear water waves in shallow water

Two-dimensional Boussinesq-type depth-averaged equations are derived for describing the interactions of weakly nonlinear shallow-water waves with slowly varying topography and currents. The current velocity varies appreciably within a characteristic wavelength. The effects of vorticity in the current field are considered. The wave field is decomposed into Fourier time harmonics. A set of evolution equations for the wave amplitude functions of different harmonics is derived by adopting the parabolic approximation. Numerical solutions are obtained for shallow-water waves propagating over rip currents on a plane beach and an isolated vortex ring. Numerical results show that the wave diffraction and nonlinearity are important in the examples considered.
Intraspinal stimulation with light activated micro-stimulators

Chronic tissue response to microelectrode implants stands in the way as a major challenge to development of many neural prosthetic applications. The long term tissue response is mostly due to the movement of interconnects and the resulting mechanical stress between the electrode and the surrounding neural tissue. Wireless microstimulators are a potential solution to the problem. As a method of energy transfer to the microstimulator, we propose to use a laser beam at near infrared (NIR) wavelengths. Microstimulators of various sizes were fabricated with two cascaded GaAs PIN photodiodes. The voltage field of the device was measured in saline solution as a response to an NIR laser source. The voltage in medium had a peak of around 190 mV above the cathodic contact and stayed flat for the duration of 0.2 ms pulse. In rats, microstimulators were inserted into the ventral horn of cervical spinal cord. A train of NIR pulses (0.2 ms, 100 Hz) were applied to wirelessly activate the devices. The forces generated due to stimulation of the motor neurons were measured from the ipsilateral forelimb with a force transducer. The largest force generated was around 0.9 N. The volume conductor and force measurements suggest that the floating light activated micro-electrical stimulator (FLAMES) approach is feasible for intraspinal stimulation.
Environmental Temperature Modulates Onset of Independent Feeding: Warmer Is Sooner

Individual dams and their litters were observed from Days 14-22 in a seminatural environment consisting of a nestbox attached to a larger, open field in which powdered chow was available. Ambient temperature in the field was either warm (30 degrees C), moderate (21 degrees C), or cold (10 degrees C); nest temperature was always moderate. Behavior was monitored 12 hr/day by time-lapse video recording. The pups' egressions into the field and onset of independent feeding were temperature-related: Weaning was earliest in the warmth and increasingly late with decreasing ambient temperature. Among subjects in the cold condition, there was a positive correlation between duration in the field and duration feeding. Pup growth was unaffected by the temperature regimes. Environmental temperature has emerged as a determinant for early nest egressions and weaning onset.
Institutionalized Disabled Adolescents Gynecologic Care The Pediatrician's Role

Severely handicapped and institutionalized teenage girls have a variety of gynecologic problems that can be readily addressed by a physician with an interest in adolescent medicine who makes "home visits" to the institutions. Disabled teens are a unique group of adolescents whose needs intersect with those of normal teens. Educating and listening to the caretakers, who can then prepare the patients, is essential. Key topics include menses and menstrual calendars, adolescent development, the pelvic examination, and contraception.The clinical problems most frequently encountered are vaginal discharge, menstrual cycle dysfunction, and oligomenorrhea. Basic on-site management is described. In this population, severe chronic illness and subnormal weights for age are not necessarily associated with secondary amenorrhea. Patients, parents, and staff are satisfied when gynecologic needs are met in an empathetic and thorough fashion. A list of educational resources is appended.
Prediction of wood density breeding values of Pinus taeda elite parents from unbalanced data: A method for adjustment of site and age effects using common checklots

• Wood density of elite parents of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was investigated in 6 to 18 year-old progeny trials. The sampling was carried out separately in seven testing regions in the southeastern US. A checklot was the only connection between elite parents planted at different trials in a testing region. • We used a data normalization method suggested for unbalanced designs in cDNA microarray experiments to remove confounding site and age effects using the checklot as a reference sample. Wood density breeding values of parents were predicted by fitting a linear mixed model to the normalized data. • Using the reference samples to remove site and age effects appears to be an effective method for analysis of unbalanced progeny tests data. In general, wood density (kg/m3) decreased from coastal to inland plantings and from the southern to the northern planting. Considerable genetic variation for wood density was detected among these fast-growing elite parents in six of seven testing regions, with half-sib family mean heritabilities ranging from 0.71 to 0.97 within a testing region. With the exception of two regions, checklots were stable across trials in a region, based on regressing the checklot means on trial means.
Paradoxically normal septal motion in Ebstein's anomaly

Abstract Paradoxical septal motion has been reported as characteristic of Ebstein's anomaly. The patient reported here has the characteristic apical displacement of the tricuspid value, but septal motion is uncharacteristically normal. Because there is only mild tricuspid regurgitation, it is likely that the absence of right ventricular volume overload accounts for the normal septal motion in this patient. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2002;15:841-2.)
Software maintenance: The need for standardization

Hardware and software maintenance are contrasted. The key difference between the two-the ease with which software can be changed-leads to the need for managing software change. Standardization of software maintenance is proposed as a method for managing software change. A model of software maintenance is advanced as the foundation for standardizing software maintenance. >
Optical interconnects realizable with thin–film helicoidal bianisotropic mediums

Parallel–plate waveguides consisting of a thin–film helicoidal bianisotropic medium (TFHBM) layer bounded by dielectric half–spaces are shown to support guided wave propagation with guide wavenumbers dependent on the direction of signal propagation. Thus, the TFHBM interconnect behaves as a space–guide . The modal fields and power transmission distributions, as determined by the time-averaged Poynting vector, are investigated and a scheme classifying each guided wave mode as either hybrid electric or hybrid magnetic is presented.
The search for fixed generalizable limits of “pure STM” capacity: Problems with theoretical proposals based on independent chunks

Cowan's experimental techniques cannot constrain subject's recall of presented information to distinct independent chunks in short-term memory (STM). The encoding of associations in long-term memory contaminates recall of pure STM capacity. Even in task environments where the functional independence of chunks is convincingly demonstrated, individuals can increase the storage of independent chunks with deliberate practice – well above the magical number four.