cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Notes on the Psychiatric Diagnosis of Anton Boisen

Describes the different opinions regarding the psychiatric diagnosis of Anton Boisen with special attention to their historical contexts. Outlines Boisen's relationship with psychiatrist Harry Stack Sullivan. Discusses the diagnosis of catatonia as a product of nineteenth century psychiatry and relates it to Boisen's description of his experience of illness. Reviews a contemporary understanding of catatonia helpful in clarifying this debate.
In memoriam, Reza Sarhangi

‘It is the story that matters not just the ending.’ – Paul LockhartReza Sarhangi (1952–2016), professor of mathematics at Towson University, was a devoted mathematician and an artist. Reza's passio...
Effects of Cinching Force on the Tricuspid Annulus: A Species Comparison.

Purpose: Tricuspid annuloplasty rings are commonly used to cinch an enlarged tricuspid annulus back to its original shape and size in patients with severe functional tricuspid regurgitation. However, the invasive operation is contraindicated for patients at risk for reoperation. Fortunately, transcatheter repair procedures, currently in the development process, are minimally invasive alternatives to current repair techniques. This study aims to determine the species-dependence of cinching force with the potential of informing transcatheter repair design by quantifying the minimum required cinching force necessary to reduce tricuspid regurgitation. Methods: The cinching force necessary to reduce the septal-lateral diameter of a dilated annuls was quantified and compared in ten ovine hearts and nine porcine hearts. Additionally, a deparaffinization protocol and Verhoeff- Van Gieson stain were used to compare the microscopic structure of tissue samples at different stages of the experimental procedure in the two species. Results: The maximum annulus dilation observed for the porcine was 11.2%, and the maximum cinching force was 0.40 ± 0.12 N. As previously demonstrated, ovine hearts yielded a maximum annulus dilation and cinching force of 8.82% and 0.38 ± 0.09 N respectively. Histological stains revealed no gross tissue differences between ovine and porcine septal or free wall tissues. Conclusion: The cinching force was not species dependent between ovine and porcine models. This study is an essential first step for determining which animal model should be utilized for the development of transcatheter devices.
Finite Temperature Resonant Tunneling in False Vacuum Decay and the Lee-Yang Theorem

We consider the cosmological model of a self-interacting φ4−φ2 quantum scalar field and extend our previous results, [3], on resonant tunneling and consequent particle production, to the case of finite temperature. Using the mathematical equivalence between, the Euclidean path integral of a φ − φ quantum field theory (in the saddle point approximation), on one hand, and the partition function of a 4-dimensional ferromagnet (in the Ising model approximation), on the other, we derive the following results. Tunneling is a first order phase transition. The creation of metastable bound states of instanton-antinstanton pairs under the barrier ,(i.e. resonant tunneling), is the seed that gives rise to particle production. Through the application of the Lee-Yang theorem for phase transitions, (as well as demonstrating the underlying connection this has with the poles of the S-matrix element in the quantum scattering theory), we show that the fluctuations around the dominant escape paths of instantons (i.e. fluctuations of the bubble wall) with momenta comparable to the scale curvature of the bubble, drive the mechanism for resonant tunneling in false vacuum decay. We also identify the temperature dependence of the parameters in the potential term, (or equivalently, of the instanton bubbles), for a wide range of temperatures, including the critical exponent near the critical temperature.(This is the temperature where the 1st order phase transition ends and the 2nd order transition begins). Finally, we show that the picture of a dilute instanton gas, which is commonly used to describe tunneling in vacuum decay, remains
A simple control architecture for four-switch buck-boost converter based power factor correction rectifier

This paper describes a simple control architecture realized using hybrid feedforward control for a power factor correction (PFC) rectifier based on a four-switch non-inverting buck-boost converter. The converter operates in continuous conduction mode, with smooth transitions between the buck and the boost operations across a line-cycle. To implement the PFC functionality, the controller computes the buck and the boost duty cycles based only on the sensed inductor current and output voltage. The hybrid feedforward controller operation and converter design are verified by experiments on a universal-input, 110-V output, 1-kW four-switch buck-boost PFC rectifier prototype.
Interactions in Entomology: Plant-Parasitoid Interaction in Tritrophic Systems

Tritrophic plant-herbivore-parasitoid interactions are highly complex and often tightly interwoven. Plant-parasitoid interactions are a fundamental component of such systems with profound implicati...
North-South Alliances During the Drafting of the Constitution: The Costs of Compromise

This chapter challenges the long-standing conclusion that North-South alignments helped bring the 1787 Constitutional Convention to a successful conclusion. The widely divergent economic interests between the regions regarding commercial and merchant activities, imports and exports, and slavery and the slave trade created such widely divergent sectional differences that the North-South agreements and compromises that were necessary to complete the Constitution created a governing institution that sowed the seeds of its own downfall. By 1861, the Constitution’s original design could no longer serve as the nation’s governing institution; its design created circumstances that led to southern secession and a civil war that killed and wounded more than a million Americans, cost several billion dollars, and required three major amendments to “save” the Constitution as the nation’s governing institution. This chapter draws on economic reasoning, political theory, and the historical record of the 1787 Constitutional Convention to challenge the long-standing conclusion that the North-South alignments helped bring the convention to a successful conclusion. The methodological approach involves juxtaposing economic principles and the issue positions of the framers and their states on the major North–South agreements and compromises among the delegates.
Rational design of novel irreversible inhibitors for human arginase.

Abstract Parasites have developed a variety of strategies for invading hosts and escaping their immune response. A common mechanism by which parasites escape nitric oxide (NO) toxicity is the activation of host arginase. This activation leads to a depletion of l -arginine, which is the substrate for NO synthase, resulting in lower levels of NO and increased production of polyamines that are necessary for parasite growth and differentiation. For this reason, small molecule inhibitors for arginase show promise as new anti-parasitic chemotherapeutics. However, few arginase inhibitors have been reported. Here, we describe the discovery of novel irreversible arginase inhibitors, and their characterization using biochemical, kinetic, and structural studies. Importantly, we determined the site on human arginase that is labeled by one of the small molecule inhibitors. The tandem mass spectra data show that the inhibitor occupies the enzyme active site and forms a covalent bond with Thr135 of arginase. These findings pave the way for the development of more potent and selective irreversible arginase inhibitors.
Abstract 108: C1q-TNF Related Protein-9, a Novel Cardioprotective Cardiokine, Requires Proteolytic Cleavage to Generate a Biologically Active Globular Domain Isoform

The discovery of the cardiac secretomes, known as “cardiokines”, significantly enhanced appreciation of the local microenvironment’s influence upon disease development. We previously reported cardiomyocytes produce cardioprotective adiponectin (APN). However, cardiac APN levels are several orders of magnitude below adipocytes, thereby making APN an unlikely physiologically relevant cardiokine. C1qTNF-related proteins (CTRP1-15) is a newly descovered family of APN paralogs. However, whether any of the CTRP members may function as a “true” cardiokine remains unknown. Here we demonstrated that several CTRPs (CTRP1,4,7,9,13) were expressed in the heart at levels significantly greater than APN. Most notably, the mRNA level of CTRP9 exceeded APN by >100-fold in cardiac tissue. Adult cardiac cells were isolated and cultured in vitro. Conditioned medium was collected 1-8 hours after culture and CTRP9 protein levels were determined by ELISA. A significant increase of CTRP9 in conditioned medium was detected as early as 1 hour in culture, steadily accumulating thereafter. These results indicate CTRP9 is secreted by cardiac cell at levels that may function as a cardiokine. Addional experiemnt unexpectedly demonstarted that CTRP9 circulates in the plasma primarily in the globular domain isoform (gCTRP9), opposing from APN which circulates as full length multimers. Recombinant full length CTRP9 (fCTRP9) was cleaved when incubated with cardiac tissue extracts, generating gCTRP9, a process inhibited by protease inhibitor cocktail. To gain more insight into the biological significance of gCTRP9 production, isolated adult cardiomyocytes were treated with gCTRP9 or fCTRP9. gCTRP9 rapidly activates cardiac survival kinases, including AMPK, Akt, and eNOS. However, fCTRP9-mediated kinase activation is much less potent, and significantly delayed. Kinase activation by fCTRP9, but not gCTRP9, is inhibited by protease inhibitor cocktail. These results demonstrate for the first time CTRP9 is a novel cardiokine undergoing proteolytic cleavage to generate cardioprotective isoform, gCTRP9. Enhancing cardiac CTRP9 production and/or its proteolytic post-translational modification are of therapeutic potential, attenuating cardiac injury.
Elementary Art Education, Innovation, and Darwin's Paradox

Innovation and learning come together in a vibrant manner during dynamic arts education classes led by teachers who understand the importance of collaboration and student improvisation.
Usefulness of the PIR Database for Protein Comparisons

Innovative options being developed for the protein sequence databases of the PIR-International will aid sequence analysis by providing more rapid access to new data, facilitating information retrieval, incorporating new types of information and data representations, and adding to the programs for searching, comparison, and prediction. Protocols for sequence analysis are briefly outlined.
Re-caching of acorns by rodents: cache management in eastern deciduous forests of North America.

Abstract Scatter-hoarding rodents such as tree squirrels selectively cache seeds for subsequent use in widely-spaced caches placed below the ground surface. This behavior has important implications for seed dispersal, seedling establishment, and tree regeneration. Hoarders manage these caches by recovering and eating some seeds, and moving and re-caching others. This process of re-caching, however, is poorly understood. Here, we use radio-telemetry to evaluate re-caching behavior for the management of acorn caches by rodents in eastern deciduous forests. We also test the hypothesis that as seeds are re-cached, the distance from the source increases. Radio transmitters were implanted in Northern red oak (Quercus rubra) acorns and presented to rodents in a natural setting over 3 seasons. We used radio-telemetry to track and document evidence of recovery and re-caching. We tracked a total of 102 acorns. Of the 39 radio-tagged acorns initially cached, 19 (49%) were cached on two or more occasions; one acorn was cached four times. The hypothesis that rodents move seeds to progressively greater distances from the source is not well-supported, suggesting that acorns are being moved within an individual's home range. Given the species of rodents in the study area, gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) are the most likely to be responsible for the caching and re-caching events. Gray squirrels appear to engage in extensive re-caching during periods of long-term food storage, which has important implications for understanding how caching behavior influences acorn dispersal and oak regeneration.
Integrative review: Persistent vocalizations among nursing home residents with dementia.

ABSTRACTBackground:Nursing home (NH) residents with dementia commonly exhibit persistent vocalizations (PVs), otherwise known in the literature as disruptive or problematic vocalizations. Having a better understanding of PVs and the research completed to date on this phenomenon is important to guide further research and clinical practice in NHs. This integrative review examines the current literature on the phenomenon of PVs among NH residents with dementia. METHODS We conducted a search in the PubMed, Scopus, Ovid Medline, and CINAHL databases for articles published in English. Articles were included if the focus was specifically on research involving vocal behaviors of older adults with dementia residing in NHs. RESULTS Our literature search revealed eight research articles that met the inclusion criteria. These studies were published in 2011 or earlier and involved small sample sizes. Seven of these studies were descriptive and the eighth was a non-pharmacological intervention study for PVs exhibited by NH residents with dementia. These studies were vastly different in their labeling, definitions, and categorization of the PVs as well as methods of measuring PVs. CONCLUSION The heterogeneity of the evidence limits the ability to make recommendations for practice. Given the paucity of research on this phenomenon; recommendations for additional research are given.
Risk of post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis after knee injury in military service members.

Purpose The aims of the present study were: (a) to identify the incidence of osteoarthritis (OA) after a traumatic knee injury; (b) identify the risk of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) based on the type of injury; and (c) identify the time from injury to OA diagnosis. Patients and methods The Expeditionary Medical Encounter Database, containing healthcare utilization for all deployment injuries sustained by military service members, was queried for traumatic knee injuries between 2001 and 2016. Subsequent diagnosis of knee OA was identified, defined as PTOA. Time to knee PTOA diagnosis was determined and logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence interval [CI]) between knee injury type and development of PTOA. Results A total of 345 (9.57%) of the 3,605 subjects were diagnosed with PTOA. The median time to diagnosis was 4.10 years. Four primary diagnoses remained significantly associated with PTOA after adjusting for age and injury severity score: fracture (adjusted OR [aOR] = 1.36; 95% CI 1.02, 1.82), sprain (aOR = 1.59; 95% CI 1.23, 2.06), dislocation (aOR = 3.70; 95% CI 2.09, 6.55) and derangement (aOR = 2.38; 95% CI 1.33, 4.28). Subjects were significantly less likely to develop PTOA after a soft-tissue injury (aOR = 0.44; 95% CI 0.41, 0.75). Conclusions A substantial number of individuals with a traumatic knee injury developed early PTOA (9.6%). Certain knee injuries have a greater association with PTOA. Future studies should implement longer surveillance periods and identify other healthcare variables associated with the risk of developing PTOA, to include appropriate and timely interventions.
Estimating the Cost and Utility of Statewide Travel Models using Scenario-Based Interviews

Statewide travel models are analysis tools that simulate transportation system conditions and are used to answer “what if” questions about proposed plans and policies. In the United States, they ar...
Challenges and obstacles for the first digital repository for tourism studies in Greece

This paper evaluates the visibility, utility, and operability of the first Digital Repository for Tourism Studies in Greece. The creation of the repository was a project that funded and supervised by the Ministry of Tourism, aiming at the collection and analysis of tourism research, conducted from 1980 and onwards. By following a qualitative approach, this study analyzes the challenges and obstacles of developing a digital archive of scientific publications, studies, Ph.D. dissertations and other research data related with tourism in Greece. In particular, it outlines the financial limitations of the project; operational dysfunctions of the online archive; security of the digital content and issues of maintenance, management and technical support of the digital repository in the future. Based on desk review, personal interviews and peer-research working groups, attended by representatives of major tourism institutions, professional organizations and public authorities, the findings of this inquiry indicate that financial and human resources insufficiency, inadequate time frame and lack of promotion, have hindered the success of the project. The paper concludes with specific recommendations for the efficient management and financial sustainability, security of web content and optimal promotion of open access repositories.
Map My Murder: A Digital Forensic Study of Mobile Health and Fitness Applications

The ongoing popularity of health and fitness applications catalyzes the need for exploring forensic artifacts produced by them. Sensitive Personal Identifiable Information (PII) is requested by the applications during account creation. Augmenting that with ongoing user activities, such as the user's walking paths, could potentially create exculpatory or inculpatory digital evidence. We conducted extensive manual analysis and explored forensic artifacts produced by (n = 13) popular Android mobile health and fitness applications. We also developed and implemented a tool that aided in the timely acquisition and identification of artifacts from the examined applications. Additionally, our work explored the type of data that may be collected from health and fitness web platforms, and Web Scraping mechanisms for data aggregation. The results clearly show that numerous artifacts may be recoverable, and that the tested web platforms pose serious privacy threats.
On the Design of An Improved Model of Additively Manufactured Microstrip Transmission Lines for Radio Frequency Applications

The additive manufacturing (AM) process is gaining massive popularity among engineers and researchers. Due to the ever increasing demands of communication speed and bandwidth for catering versatile applications, radio frequency circuits are becoming more complex leading to higher manufacturing costs. One technique to address such challenges to use AM technology for fabricating next generation radio frequency circuits with very high precision. However, materials with far lower melting points than conventional metals are a necessity for currently available AM techniques. This paper investigates the possibilty of incorporating an improved version of an industrially available conductive material to design high frequency circuits for applications from 100 MHz up to 5 GHz. Measurement data and verification result using full-wave simulation is presented.
Prospective observational study: Fast ripple localization delineates the epileptogenic zone.

Abstract Objective To investigate spatial correlation between interictal HFOs and neuroimaging abnormalities, and to determine if complete removal of prospectively identified interictal HFOs correlates with post-surgical seizure-freedom. Methods Interictal fast ripples (FRs: 250–500 Hz) in 19 consecutive children with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy who underwent extra-operative electrocorticography (ECoG) recording were prospectively analyzed. The interictal FRs were sampled at 2000 Hz and were visually identified during 10 min of slow wave sleep. Interictal FRs, MRI and FDG-PET were delineated on patient-specific reconstructed three-dimensional brain MRI. Results Interictal FRs were observed in all patients except one. Thirteen out of 18 patients (72%) exhibited FRs beyond the extent of neuroimaging abnormalities. Fifteen of 19 children underwent resective surgery, and survival analysis with log-rank test demonstrated that complete resection of cortical sites showing interictal FRs correlated with longer post-operative seizure-freedom (p Conclusions Prospective visual analysis of interictal FRs was feasible, and it seemed to accurately localize epileptogenic zones. Significance Topological extent of epileptogenic region may exceed what is discernible by multimodal neuroimaging.
Incomplete Cushing's reflex in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

We report a case of intracranial hypertension presenting with bradycardia as the only component of Cushing’s triad in a patient on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. A 41-year-old woman with recu...
High sensitivity SLIM imaging and deep learning to correlate sperm morphology and fertility outcomes (Conference Presentation)

Fluorescence microscopy has been proven a valid method of classifying sperm with different characteristics such as gender. However, it has been observed that they introduced an increase in oxidative stress as well as undesired bias. We show that spatial light interference microscopy, a QPI method that can reveal the intrinsic contrast of cell structures, is ideal for the study of sperm. To enable high-throughput sperm quality assessment using QPI, we propose a new analysis method based on deep learning and the U-Net architecture. We show that our model can achieve satisfying precision and accuracy and that it can be integrated within our image acquisition software for near real-time analysis.
Cardiovascular response to small-molecule APJ activation

Heart failure (HF) remains a grievous illness with poor prognosis even with optimal care. The apelin receptor (APJ) counteracts the pressor effect of angiotensin II, attenuates ischemic injury, and has the potential to be a novel target to treat HF. Intravenous administration of apelin improves cardiac function acutely in patients with HF. However, its short half-life restricts its use to infusion therapy. To identify a longer acting APJ agonist, we conducted a medicinal chemistry campaign, leading to the discovery of potent small-molecule APJ agonists with comparable activity to apelin by mimicking the C-terminal portion of apelin-13. Acute infusion increased systolic function and reduced systemic vascular resistance in 2 rat models of impaired cardiac function. Similar results were obtained in an anesthetized but not a conscious canine HF model. Chronic oral dosing in a rat myocardial infarction model reduced myocardial collagen content and improved diastolic function to a similar extent as losartan, a RAS antagonist standard-of-care therapy, but lacked additivity with coadministration. Collectively, this work demonstrates the feasibility of developing clinical, viable, potent small-molecule agonists that mimic the endogenous APJ ligand with more favorable drug-like properties and highlights potential limitations for APJ agonism for this indication.
Dynamic System Modeling and Stability Assessment of an Aircraft Distribution Power System using Modelica and FMI

In this work, the electrical distribution system of a Boeing 747 aircraft is implemented in Modelica. The electrical system is modeled in detail as far as generation and loads are concerned, aiming to capture any relevant dynamics and instabilities that can ensue during the aircraft’s operation; while the power electronic interfaces of the loads are represented using averaged models. Small signal analysis is conducted at different operating points, aiming to capture relevant dynamics. Additionally, small signal analysis and time domain simulations are carried out to identify operational regions where low damping of unstable oscillations can occur, in order to characterize control loops interactions and system states. Finally, this paper proposes countermeasures for load startup and required controls that can alleviate any potential instabilities.
Preparing Mathematics Preservice Teachers for Teaching Emergent Bilinguals Through Concurrent Intervention

This case study investigated how middle-school mathematics preservice teachers (PSTs) help Emergent Bilinguals (EBs) understand cognitively demanding problems while they received a set of EB-focused interventions. Three PSTs, who had no prior experience of teaching mathematics to EBs, worked with EBs in a one-on-one setting while receiving individual interventions. As time evolved, the PSTs began to integrate content from students’ cultures and applied various alternative methods related to the given mathematical situations. This study suggests that preparing PSTs require an infusion of practical experiences and examples in order to teach EBs with effective culturally responsive teaching strategies.
An Atypical Presentation of Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome Masquerading as Acquired Myasthenia Gravis (P6.449)

Objective: This case reports an atypical presentation of Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome (CMS) with delayed symptom onset and unexpected response to pyridostigmine. Background: CMS due to MuSK mutation is a rare genetic disorder and to date, only a few case reports/studies have been documented. Symptom onset is usually soon after birth. The response to pyridostigmine is poor and can lead to deterioration. Some cases were shown to benefit from salbutamol and 3,4 DAP. Design/Methods: 29 year old lady presented with moderate proximal/facial musculature weakness, and dysphagia/dysarthria in third trimester of pregnancy. NCS/EMG showed decremental response with recording of the nasalis and ADM consistent with a neuromuscular junction disorder. AChR/MuSK antibodies were negative. She was started on pyridostigmine with only mild improvement in symptoms. Over the next few months, she deteriorated rapidly with severe proximal weakness, respiratory failure and dysphagia, requiring tracheostomy and PEG placement. Plasmapheresis was tried several times to which she only responded minimally. Given continued deterioration despite treatment, genetic analysis was sent. It revealed heterozygous pathogenic MuSK gene mutation (c.2368G>A) and heterozygous variant of unknown clinical significance in MuSK gene (c.296G>T). Upon genetic confirmation, pyridostigmine was gradually tapered since prior studies had suggested deterioration with its use. On the contrary, her symptoms worsened and hence, pyridostigmine was continued. 3,4 DAP was tried but discontinued due to QT prolongation. Results: This represents an atypical case of CMS with delayed symptom onset in third decade of life, likely triggered by pregnancy, and mild response to pyridostigmine (unlike deterioration or no response noted with prior studies). Conclusions: CMS can present initially during pregnancy. Though the large majority of these patients have respiratory symptoms, ptosis or weakness in childhood, our patient started noticing symptoms only during pregnancy. The lack of responsiveness to immunosuppressive therapy in an antibody negative adult, should prompt an evaluation for a congenital MG syndrome. Disclosure: Dr. Agarwal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Palm has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bhavaraju-Sanka has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Lundbeck. Dr. Jackson has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma America: Medical Advisory Board and Speaker’s Bureau, Cytokinetics — Medical Advisory Board, Avanir — Speaker’s Bureau, GLG — Consulting services, Stonebridge Pharmaceuticals — Medical Advisory Board. Dr. Jackson has received research support from Cytokinetics, Flex Pharma, Neuraltus.
Thermal photon production in Au+Au collisions

Abstract PHENIX measurements of low pT direct photons in Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV simultaneously show large yields and large anisotropies with respect to the reaction plane. Calculations of thermal photon emission fall short in describing the yield and the anisotropy at the same time. Furthermore, a recent publication of the STAR collaboration indicates lower direct photon yields in Au+Au collisions than observed by PHENIX. In order to provide new insights, PHENIX has presented new direct photon results from Au+Au data taken in 2014, which adds a fourth independent measurement to the previously published PHENIX results. The dataset provides a 10-fold increase in statistics for the measurement of direct photon yields and their anisotropy.
Energy efficient multipath ant colony based routing algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks

Abstract This paper describes the novel wireless routing protocol made for mobile ad hoc networks or wireless sensor networks using the bio-inspired technique. Bio-inspired algorithms include the routing capabilities taken from the social behavior of ant colonies, bird flocking, honey bee dancing, etc and promises to be capable of catering to the challenges posed by wireless sensors. Some of the challenges of wireless sensor networks are limited bandwidth, limited battery life, low memory, etc. An energy-efficient multipath routing algorithm based on the foraging nature of ants is proposed including many meta-heuristic impact factors to provide good robust paths from source to destination to overcome the challenges faced by resource-constrained sensors. Analysis of individual impact factor is represented which justifies their importance in routing performance. The multi-path routing feature is claimed by showing energy analysis as well as statistical analysis in-depth to the readers. The proposed routing algorithm is analyzed by considering various performance metrics such as throughput, delay, packet loss, network lifetime, etc. Finally, the comparison is done against AODV routing protocol by considering performance metrics where the proposed routing algorithm shows a 49% improvement in network lifetime.
The Monetary Transmission in Dollarized and Non-Dollarized Economies; The Cases of Chile, New Zealand, Peru and Uruguay

The paper conducts a comparative study of the monetary policy transmission in two economies that run a well-established IT regime, Chile and New Zealand, vis-a-vis two economies operating under relatively newer IT regimes, and which are exposed to a significant degree of dollarization, Peru and Uruguay. It is shown that the traditional interest rate channel is effective in Chile and New Zealand. For Peru and Uruguay, the exchange rate channel is instead more relevant in the transmission of monetary policy. This latter result follows from the limited impact of the policy rate in curbing inflationary pressures in these two countries, in combination with the fact that they have a relatively large and persistent exchange rate pass through. Finally, it is shown that the on-going de-dollarization process of Peru and Uruguay has somewhat strengthened their monetary transmission through the interest rate channel.
Labor Law 2.0: The Impact of New Information Technology on the Employment Relationship and the Relevance of the NLRA

The NLRA system of collective bargaining was born during the industrial age of the early twentieth century. As a result, key terms in the statute such as "employee," "employer," and "appropriate bargaining unit" were first interpreted in the context of long-term employment and large vertically integrated firms that dominated this era. Beginning in the late 1970s, the new information technology wrought a revolution in the organization ofproduction increasing short-term contingent employment and the organization of firms horizontally in trading and subcontracting relationships across the globe. To maintain the relevance of collective bargaining to the modern workplace, the interpretation of the key terms of the NLRA must be updated to recognize the changed circumstances ofproduction and interpret union access and employee mutual support in light of the new technology. However, new information technology promises further changes in the workplace with the accelerating mechanization of many jobs and perhaps a fundamental change in the relationship between labor and capital with the development of artificial intelligence. In this Essay, I explore the implications of new information technology for the workplace, the interpretation of the NLRA, and the continuing evolution ofAmerican labor policy. ' J.D., University of Michigan, 1981; Ph.D., Economics, University of Michigan, 1984; Willard and Margaret Carr Professor of Labor and Employment Law, Indiana University Bloomington, Maurer School of Law. I would like to thank McLean Johnson and James O'Hollearn for their diligent research assistance on this project and I would like to thank Nathaniel Dau-Schmidt for useful comments on an early draft. 1584 EMORY LAW JOURNAL [Vol. 64:1583 IN T R O D U C T IO N 15 85 I. INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION AND THE BIRTH OF THE NLRA 1588 A. The Organization ofIndustrial Production 1588 B. Labor Law 1.0: The Birth of the NLRA 1589 II. PRODUCTION AND EMPLOYMENT USING NEW INFORMATION T E CH N O L O G Y 159 1 A. New Information Technology 1591 B. The Organization of Production Under New Information Technology and the Rise of the Global Economy 1594 C. Labor Law 2.0: Interpretation of the NLRA in Light of the ChangedM ethods of Production 1599 D. Labor Law 3.0: Things to Come? The Brave New World of Employment Using New Information Technology 1603 C O N C L U SIO N 16 0 8
Abstract PS17-50: Nuclear expression of acetyl-CoA producing enzymes and their roles in epigenetic reprogramming in breast cancer cells

Metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming are two key hallmarks of cancer. Rapidly proliferating cancer cells often exhibit a higher and differentially reprogrammed transcriptional activity than normal cells of the same tissue. To support transcriptional reprogramming and increased transcriptional load, sustained chromatin acetylation is required to loosen the chromatin and enable RNA transcription. Histone acetylation also requires a constant supply of acetyl-CoA, a labile, membrane impermeable metabolite that is the obligatory donor of the acetyl groups for histone acetylation. However, the pathways responsible for increased synthesis of acetyl-CoA inside the nucleus remain largely elusive. Using estrogen-responsive (MCF7) and their matched endocrine therapy resistant breast cancer cells (LCC9 and MCF7:5C), we show that blocking p300-mediated acetyltransferase activity is crucial for proliferation of endocrine therapy-resistant breast cancer cells. Furthermore, we found nuclear expression of two acetyl-CoA producing enzymes, i.e., pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), and ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), which implies their functional role inside the nucleus. PDC is a multimeric protein complex enzyme made up of five different subunits. Canonically, PDC is found in mitochondria and is responsible for the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, linking glycolysis to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Our results show that multiple PDC enzyme subunits, e.g., pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) E1 alpha (E1 alpha), dihydrolipoal dehydrogenase (DLD), and PDHX (also known as E3BP) are expressed in the nucleus of MCF7, LCC9 and MCF7:5C cells. Moreover, expression of nuclear DLD and PDHX subunit is higher in endocrine resistant cells (LCC9 and MCF7:5C) than in their parental MCF7 cells, strongly suggesting a possible role in endocrine resistance. Notably, high expression of PDHX is correlated with poor relapse-free survival in estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer patients in four independent publicly available datasets. ACLY is a tetramer of identical subunits catalyzes conversion of citric acid and co-enzyme A to acetyl-CoA. ACLY is also overexpressed in the nucleus of endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells (LCC9 and MCF7:5C) when compared with their endocrine sensitive MCF7 controls. This study investigates the role of nuclear PDC and ACLY mediated acetyl-CoA synthesis and its impact on histone acetylation enabling reprogrammed transcriptional activity supporting proliferation of endocrine therapy-resistant breast cancer cells. Citation Format: Surojeet Sengupta, Shuait Nair, Lu Jin, Catherine M Sevigny, Brandon Jones, Robert Clarke. Nuclear expression of acetyl-CoA producing enzymes and their roles in epigenetic reprogramming in breast cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS17-50.
Perceptions of self-efficacy in providing multidimensional school-age stuttering therapy among board certified fluency specialists in the United States

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to document fluency specialists’ self-efficacy beliefs for providing multidimensional treatment to children who stutter and to identify cognitive, affective, and behavioral correlates of self-efficacy. Method Sixty-six Board Certified Specialists in Fluency in the United States completed an online survey measuring self-efficacy in providing multidimensional stuttering therapy, perceived importance of multidimensional aspects of therapy, feelings of comfort in providing therapy, perceived treatment success, and employment and demographic questions. Open-ended questions were also asked for participants to describe why they chose to specialize and what benefits they received from it. Results Participants reported high levels of self-efficacy (averages above 9 on a scale from 0 to 10) in speech-related, cognitive, emotional, and social domains of stuttering therapy, as well as high levels of comfort and clinical success. Higher ratings of overall self-efficacy were significantly correlated with beliefs about the importance of multidimensional treatment, τ = 0.27, treatment comfort, τ = 0.25, and self-reported treatment success, τ = .49. Responses indicated that many participants believed that their self-efficacy grew because of specialty certification. Conclusion Although not the same as treatment outcome data, self-efficacy among clinical service providers is an important variable to consider. Board Certified Specialists in Fluency in the United States report very high levels of self-efficacy for school-age stuttering treatment. The process of certification helps to increase self-efficacy and provides a means for advertising competence in stuttering treatment. This information could help in recruiting the next generation of fluency specialists.
One-Dimensional Diffusions

This chapter is an introduction to the semigroup treatment of Markov processes with stationary transition functions. Modern theory of Markov processes is primarily a semigroup theory. Even though much of this theory has not found its way into applications in physical problems, the elucidation that is made possible with the semigroup approach makes it indispensable in any treatment of Markov processes.
Additional Gröbner Basis Algorithms

In §10 of Chapter 2 we discussed some criteria designed to identify situations where it is possible to see in advance that an S-polynomial remainder will be zero in Buchberger’s algorithm. Those unnecessary S-polynomial remainder calculations are in fact the main computational bottleneck for the basic form of the algorithm. Finding ways to avoid them, or alternatively to replace them with less expensive computations, is the key to improving the efficiency of Grobner basis calculation. The algorithms we discuss in this chapter apply several different approaches to achieve greater efficiency. Some of them use Grobner bases of homogeneous ideals or ideas inspired by the special properties of Grobner bases in that case. So we begin in §1 by showing that the computation of a homogeneous Grobner basis can be organized to proceed degree by degree. This gives the framework for Traverso’s Hilbert driven Buchberger algorithm, discussed in §2, which uses the Hilbert function of a homogeneous ideal to control the computation and bypass many unnecessary S-polynomial remainder calculations. We also show in §1 that the information generated by several S-polynomial remainder computations can be obtained simultaneously via row operations on a suitable matrix. This connection with linear algebra is the basis for Faugere’s F4 algorithm presented in §3. Finally, we introduce the main ideas behind signature-based Grobner basis algorithms, including Faugere’s F5 algorithm, in §4.
Registries, violence, and threats of harm

Registries of those considered dangerous focus wrongly on those with mental illness, who account for only 4 percent of violent acts committed in the United States.
Inductive Dependency Parsing

This book provides an in-depth description of the framework of inductive dependency parsing, a methodology for robust and efficient syntactic analysis of unrestricted natural language text. This me ...
Bluegill Can Be Managed More Effectively with Bag Limits!, Solutions to California's Drought Issues: Modeling Suggests Ways to Conserve Chinook Salmon in the Face of Water Diversion, Probiotics Show Promise for Aquaculture, More Evidence That Plant-Based Feeds Can Support Sustainable Aquaculture, Using a Video Lander to Assess Difficult Marine Habitats

Many inland fisheries historically have allowed unlimited harvest of panfish, or have extremely liberal bag limits. The management paradigm is that fishing mortality is usually low and high harvest...
Achieving the ergodic capacity with lattice codes

The performance of lattice codes in the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel has attracted much attention lately, however, their performance under ergodic fading channels has been relatively unexplored. We show that lattice coding and decoding achieve the capacity of the ergodic point-to-point and multiple-access channels (MAC). Additionally, a low-complexity scheme is proposed for the ergodic MAC. At moderate and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the sum rate achieved by the low-complexity scheme is within a constant gap to the ergodic MAC sum capacity, whereas at low SNR the gap to capacity diminishes quadratically with linear SNR decrease.
Evaluating clinical trial data: outcome measures.

Schizophrenia is too often a severely disabling disease, and the discovery of interventions that can ease or eliminate symptoms without troubling side effects has long been the goal of schizophrenia research. In this endeavor, researchers, clinicians, and patients all desire an optimal outcome; outcome measures, which measure the relative success or failure of an intervention, are accordingly important. In addition, the costs of pharmacologic interventions-particularly of the atypical antipsychotics-in schizophrenia make the optimal measurement of treatment outcomes critical. Sometimes outcomes are focused on minimizing costly events, such as rehospitalization, rather than focusing on patient-oriented outcomes. This article discusses the outcome measures employed in 5 clinical trials comparing atypical antipsychotics, examining their usefulness and suggesting types of outcome measures that may be useful in the future.
A U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle with altered specificity induces alternative splicing of an adenovirus E1A mRNA precursor.

Abstract We have altered the specificity of U1 small nuclear RNA by replacing its 5' splice site recognition sequence (nucleotides 3 to 11) with sequences complementary to other regions of either the adenovirus E1A or the rabbit beta-globin mRNA precursor. We then used a HeLa cell transient expression assay to test whether such altered U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) could interfere with splicing of the targeted mRNA precursors. The altered U1 snRNPs were able to cause novel splicing of the E1A mRNA precursor, minor changes in the ratio of E1A 12 to 13S mRNAs, and modest nuclear accumulation of beta-globin mRNA precursors with either one of the two introns removed. Most of the altered U1 snRNPs did not affect the level of mature cytoplasmic mRNA significantly, but in one case an altered U1 snRNP (alpha 1) whose intended target was located downstream from the adenovirus E1A 12S 5' splice site was able to reduce the level of cytoplasmic 12S mRNA by approximately 60% and that of 13S mRNA by 90%. This alpha 1 snRNP induced an additional E1A splice, resulting in the appearance of 10 and 11S E1A mRNAs normally found only late in adenovirus infection. Thus, a trans-acting factor can induce alternative splicing. Surprisingly, the effects of alpha 1 on E1A splicing were not abolished by deleting the intended target sequence on the mRNA precursor.
Variation in Interstage Outpatient Care after the Norwood Procedure: A Report from the Joint Council on Congenital Heart Disease National Quality Improvement Collaborative

Objective. The National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative (NPC-QIC) is the first quality improvement collaborative in pediatric cardiology, and its registry captures information on interstage care and outcomes of infants after the Norwood procedure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate variation in interstage outpatient clinical care practices for infants discharged home after the Norwood procedure. Design. Data for the first 100 infants enrolled in the NPC-QIC registry were evaluated. The care domains assessed for variation included: (1) discharge communication with outpatient cardiologist and primary care physician (PCP); (2) nutrition plan at hospital discharge; and (3) planned use of home surveillance strategies. Results. One hundred infants were discharged home between July 2008 and February 2010, from 21 participating US pediatric cardiac programs. Median age at discharge was 29 (11–188) days. Interstage outpatient care was provided at the Norwood center for 62 infants, at other centers for 25, and at a combination of centers for 13. Complete discharge communication (defined as written communication of medication list, nutrition plan, and red flag checklist) was relayed to only 45 outpatient cardiologists and to 26 PCPs. Nutrition route at discharge was exclusively oral in 49, combined oral and nasogastric (NG)/nasojejunal (NJ) in 38, exclusively NG/NJ in six, combined oral and gastrostomy tube (GT) in six, and exclusively GT in one infant. Home surveillance strategies were utilized for 81 infants (oximetry and weight monitoring in 77, oximetry alone in four), with no home surveillance in 19 infants. Conclusions. Considerable variation exists in interstage outpatient care after the Norwood procedure in the care domains of discharge communication, nutrition, and home surveillance. Standardizing care around evidence-based practices may improve the outcomes for these very high-risk children.
Experimental evidence of spatial memory and home range affinity in White-tailed Deer ( Odocoileus virginianus )

The role of spatial memory in the movement of animals through landscapes remains elusive. To examine spatial memory and home range affinity of White-tailed Deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) in northeastern Minnesota during 1995–2007, I translocated 17 adult does with known home ranges to unfamiliar sites and radio-tracked them after their release. Twelve does wearing transmitting radio-collars returned to their home ranges. Death and collar expiration precluded determination of whether the remaining five does would have returned to home ranges. Three of five does wearing global positioning system collars traveled throughout hundreds of square kilometres, circling, backtracking, and returning to release sites, while two others exhibited directional movement for tens of kilometres. Four does that survived to parturition stopped traveling and moved at hourly rates similar to those of control does during the first three weeks of the typical fawn-rearing period, but continued traveling later. Their aberrant extensive travel before and after interruption by parturition suggests that they recognized they were in unfamiliar areas, demonstrating both their capacity and propensity to search for and occupy the familiar space of their individual home ranges. Their successful return to home ranges provided experimental evidence of spatial memory and further elucidated its pervasive role in White-tailed Deer spatial ecology.