cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Significant other responses are associated with fatigue and functional status among patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.

OBJECTIVE The predictive power of partners' responses to illness behavior for illness outcomes was investigated among couples in which one person had chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). METHODS One hundred nineteen participants who met case-definition criteria for CFS and were living with a significant other (SO) completed self-report measures of relationship satisfaction, responses of their SO to fatigue symptoms, and outcome measures of fatigue and functional status. RESULTS The results indicated that more frequent solicitous SO responses to illness behavior were predictive of greater fatigue-related severity and bodily pain. Solicitous SO responses to fatigue behavior were particularly influential in the context of a satisfactory relationship. In highly satisfactory relationships, solicitous SO responses were associated with significantly greater fatigue severity and fatigue-related disability than in relationships characterized by low or average satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Solicitous SO responses to CFS-related symptoms are associated with poorer patient outcomes, especially in the context of a satisfactory intimate relationship. Because of the cross-sectional nature of the study, the direction of effects cannot be interpreted unambiguously. SOs may be inadvertently positively reinforcing illness-related behavior: Solicitous partners may help the patient more with tasks of daily living, thereby decreasing the patient's activity level, which may lead to deconditioning and disability. Alternatively, patients with more severe symptoms and disability may present more opportunities for concerned SO responses, which again may be heightened in the context of a caring, satisfactory relationship. In either case, the results suggest that additional research on the role of solicitous SO responses is warranted.
Prognostic value of midtreatment FDG-PET in oropharyngeal cancer.

Background Prognostic metabolic imaging indices are needed for risk stratification for patients with locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer. Methods We retrospectively examined pretreatment and midtreatment fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) parameters in patients with locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer who were treated with definitive chemoradiation. Results A total of 74 patients were evaluated. Pretreatment metabolic tumor volume (MTV) using threshold of 50% standardized uptake value (SUV) maximum (MTV50%) was associated with progression-free survival (PFS; p = .003; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.57 per 10 cc; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17–2.11) and overall survival (OS; p = .01; HR = 1.36 per 10 cc; 95% CI = 1.07–1.74). Midtreatment MTV using a threshold of SUV 2.0 (MTV2.0) was associated with PFS (p 5% decrease/week was associated with improved PFS (p = .04; HR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.15–0.95). Conclusion Metabolic response during chemoradiation is associated with survival in locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer and may aid with risk-adapting treatment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: First–1478, 2016
Relation and Difference between Empirical Research and Experiential Research in Economics: Based on Analysis of Scientific Philosophy

From Aristotle’s inductive-deductive method,Newton’s axiomatic method,the scientific hypothetic-deductive method,inductivism and positivism,until Falsificationism,all these scientific and philosophical theories require the use of "experiential research" methods to confirm and verify the theories or conclusions.While the scientific philosophy of positivism requires the scientific theory to be axiomatic,resulting in the "neoclassic economics" with a large number of mathematical tools to create theoretical models,thus contributing to the development of mathematical economics.At the same time,the positivism advocates to validate or disconfirm the theories from the outside,which promotes extensive use of econometric methods to test theories in economics.Therefore,the method of using econometric methods to validate or confirm the existing theories or conclusions should be referred to as "experiential research" rather than "empirical research".
Group Leader Election Algorithm for Agent Groups Based Distributed Network Management

It is a dynamic distributed paradigm that network management is based on agent groups. In an agent group, group leader is the most important node and group leader election is pivotal problem of dynamic group management. To illustrate leader election,a partial synchronous system molel is presented for describing agent group. Based on the model,a 3-phase fault-tolerant leader election algorthm is put forward,which is efficient and tolerates crashed agents and lossy links. fault-tolerant trend. To meet election trigger,the heartbeat failure detector is implemented and several crucial parameters are discussed.
Transmitter location system using fusion technology

Inaccuracy of ephemeris limits the locating accuracy of the satellite interference.In this paper,a new iterative least squares algorithm based on the satellite force model is proposed to compensate the errors in the satellite ephemeris data by deriving a best fit of the position calibrator measurement data.Simulations and experiments confirm that the method is suitable for satellite interference location system.
Nontrivial Critical Fixed Point for Replica-Symmetry-Breaking Transitions

The transformation of the free-energy landscape from smooth to hierarchical is one of the richest features of mean-field disordered systems. A well-studied example is the de Almeida-Thouless transition for spin glasses in a magnetic field, and a similar phenomenon-the Gardner transition-has recently been predicted for structural glasses. The existence of these replica-symmetry-breaking phase transitions has, however, long been questioned below their upper critical dimension, d_{u}=6. Here, we obtain evidence for the existence of these transitions in d<d_{u} using a two-loop calculation. Because the critical fixed point is found in the strong-coupling regime, we corroborate the result by resumming the perturbative series with inputs from a three-loop calculation and an analysis of its large-order behavior. Our study offers a resolution of the long-lasting controversy surrounding phase transitions in finite-dimensional disordered systems.
Effect of higher-order multipole moments on the Stark line shape

Spectral line shapes are sensitive to plasma conditions and are often used to diagnose electron density of laboratory plasmas as well as astrophysical plasmas. Stark line-shape models take into account the perturbation of the radiator's energy structure due to the Coulomb interaction with the surrounding charged particles. Solving this Coulomb interaction is challenging and is commonly approximated via a multipole expansion. However, most models include only up to the second term of the expansion (the dipole term). While there have been studies on the higher-order terms due to one of the species (i.e., either ions or electrons), there is no model that includes the terms beyond dipole from both species. Here, we investigate the importance of the higher-order multipole terms from both species on the $\mathrm{H}\ensuremath{\beta}$ line shape. First, we find that it is important to include higher-order terms consistently from both ions and electrons to reproduce measured line-shape asymmetry. Next, we find that the line shape calculated with the dipole-only approximation becomes inaccurate as density increases. It is necessary to include up to the third (quadrupole) term to compute the line shape accurately within 2%. Since most existing models include only up to the dipole terms, the densities inferred with such models are in question. We find that the model without the quadrupole term slightly underestimates the density, and the discrepancy becomes as large as 12% at high densities. While the case of study is limited to $\mathrm{H}\ensuremath{\beta}$, we expect similar impact on other lines.
The Impact of Two Types of Customer Involvement on New Product Development: Contingent and Substitutive Effects

More and more companies are actively involving their customers in the new product development (NPD) process. However, there is little consensus regarding the contribution of customer involvement to new product outcomes. A better understanding of this contribution can shed light on whether and when it is worthwhile to involve customers and thus provide firms better guidelines for making such decisions. This study examines the effects of two forms of customer involvement on new product outcomes: the traditional form of customer involvement as an information source (CIS) and the more active form of customer involvement as co-developers (CIC). We offer a better understanding of whether customer involvement can lead to successful innovation by:(1) identifying conditions that impact the effects of CIS and CIC on NPD outcomes, (2) contrasting the conditional effects of CIS and CIC to understand how they influence NPD outcomes differently, (3) examining the potential substitutive relationship between CIS and CIC to understand their joint effects in improving innovation. We find that an experimental NPD approach that emphasizes trial and error learning moderates the relationship between customer involvement and new product outcomes. Specifically, we discover contrasting contingent effects of CIS and CIC: CIS is more beneficial for new product outcomes when firms take a more experimental NPD approach, whereas the effect of CIC is stronger when the NPD process is characterized with lower experimentation. We also find that CIS and CIC substitute for each other in their contribution to new product outcomes. These findings suggest that each of the two forms of customer involvement has its unique advantages and is suitable for different conditions. When considering the adoption of CIC, firms should take into consideration their learning approaches as well as the effectiveness of CIS in the NPD process.
Risk Factors for Graft Loss in Pediatric Renal Transplant Recipients After Transfer of Care.

Background:Improvements in transplantation have increased the survival of children after kidney transplantation. These patients have complex needs, and the current medical system is not prepared to...
Surgical Correction of Aberrant Right Coronary Anomalies Stranding an Aortic Commissure with and Without Unroofing

The technique for successful surgical correction of an anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the opposite aortic cusp with an aberrant course between the aorta and pulmonary artery is illustrated in a symptomatic 62-year-old woman. The intramural course of the right coronary artery traversed the tip of the commissure between the anterior and posterior leaflets, and its repair entailed unroofing of the intramural segment from inside the aortic intima. This technique required resuspension of the overlying commissure to maintain optimal aortic valve leaflet coaptation and prevent aortic insufficiency. Modifications of this technique have been utilized by us whenever the intramural segment traversed behind the commissure. In these cases, partial or subtotal unroofing of the intramural segment was performed to preserve the integrity of the intima behind the overlying commissure. More recently, we have performed the surgical correction by probing the intramural segment within the aortic wall to its most anterior location and then performing a wide anterior unroofing in the aortic intima, and marsupializing the aortic and coronary intima to avoid dissection or intimal flap development. We favor utilizing these techniques of anatomic correction of the anomalous coronary to other techniques involving coronary artery bypass grafting of the anomalous coronary, especially in adult patients, as unroofing provides more lasting results.
Dynamic protocol tuning algorithms for high performance data transfers

Obtaining optimal data transfer performance is of utmost importance to today's data-intensive distributed applications and wide-area data replication services. Doing so necessitates effectively utilizing available network bandwidth and resources, yet in practice transfers seldom reach the levels of utilization they potentially could. Tuning protocol parameters such as pipelining, parallelism, and concurrency can significantly increase utilization and performance, however determining the best settings for these parameters is a difficult problem, as network conditions can vary greatly between sites and over time. In this paper, we present four application-level algorithms for heuristically tuning protocol parameters for data transfers in wide-area networks. Our algorithms dynamically tune the number of parallel data streams per file, the level of control channel pipelining, and the number of concurrent file transfers to fill network pipes. The presented algorithms are implemented as a standalone service as well as being used in interaction with external data scheduling tools such as Stork. The experimental results are very promising, and our algorithms outperform existing solutions in this area.
Exploring Predictors of Information Use to Self-Manage Blood Pressure in Midwestern African American Women with Hypertension

Self-management of hypertension requires patients to find, understand, and use information to lower their blood pressure. Little is known about information use among African American women with hypertension, therefore the purpose of this study was to examine predictors of self-reported information use to self-manage blood pressure. Ninety-four Midwestern African American women (mean age = 59) completed questionnaires about information behaviors (seeking, sharing, use) and personal beliefs (attitude, social norms) related to self-management of blood pressure. Linear regression was used to identify significant predictors of information use. The total variance explained by the model was 36%, F(7, 79) = 6.29, p < .001. Information sharing was the only significant predictor (beta = .46, p < .001). These results provide evidence that information sharing is a potential health behavior to support intervention strategies for African American women with hypertension.
Pediatric Preparedness: Children’s Hospitals Preparation for Disasters

Children’s hospitals and pediatric disaster preparedness seem to be an obvious partnership. Children’s hospitals care for children and families, and their staff are experts in their fields. Individual children’s hospitals and their staff, lending their expertise to healthcare coalitions across the nation will improve the preparedness for children and families. But children’s hospitals need to take a more coordinated approach to disaster preparedness, by participating in their own preparedness, participating in their own drills, communicating and coordinating with external entities, and sharing their lessons learned through education. In addition, children’s hospitals can promote readiness among hospitals that refer pediatric patients, through the Emergency Medical Services for Children (EMSC) National Pediatric Readiness Project. This can enhance the care of children in hospitals that do not care for children often and reenforce transfer agreements between entities. Thus, these hospitals would be better prepared to care for children on a daily basis and even better prepared should a disaster strike and would have a solid relationship with an expert partner, their children’s hospital. Children’s hospitals can also partner with their state EMSC representative and AAP disaster chapter contact to promote the welfare of children and families in a coordinated effort for disaster preparedness on a regional level. The Children’s Hospital Association can be a source of coordinated efforts for its members and promote disaster preparedness efforts among members and outreach to health care coalitions. Progress has been made in the area of pediatric disaster preparedness, but there is much work to be done and children’s hospitals have an important role to play in promoting preparedness on a local, regional and national level, through education, networking, and participation in healthcare coalitions.
An unusual echo after ventricular tachycardia ablation.

A 64-year-old woman with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy and left ventricular assist device (LVAD) presented with multiple appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks for monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT). She underwent successful endocardial radiofrequency ablation of multiple VT circuits with exit sites in the basal inferolateral wall of the left ventricle (LV). The following day, she developed fever (39.1°C) and leucocytosis (16.5x109/L). Blood cultures and a transthoracic echo (TTE) were done (figure 1, online supplementary video 1). ### Supplementary file 2 [SP2.avi] Figure 1 Two-dimensional transthoracic echo of the left ventricle (parasternal …
Analysis of the properties of slow-wave structures based on coaxial resonators coupled by two arc-shaped waveguides

The dispersion and the coupling resistance of spatial harmonics of slow-wave structures formed by a chain of coaxial resonators coupled by arc-shaped waveguides are theoretically analyzed. A 3D vector boundary value problem is solved in the rigorous electromagnetic formulation with the use of projection methods. The 2D problems of excitation of a coaxial resonator are considered and amplitudes of excited waves are determined and used for solution of the 3D problem of the junction of arc-shaped waveguides and a coaxial resonator. The dispersion equation for the considered slow-wave structure is obtained. The results of calculation of the dispersion and the coupling resistance for different numbers and different configurations of coupling apertures are analyzed.
The value of learning talk: applying a novel dialogue scoring method to inform interaction design in an open-ended, embodied museum exhibit

Museum researchers have long acknowledged the importance of dialogue in informal learning, particularly for open-ended exploratory exhibits. Novel interaction techniques like full-body interaction are appealing for these exploratory exhibits, but designers have not had a metric for determining how their designs are supporting productive learning talk. Moreover, with the incorporation of digital technologies into museums, researchers and designers now have the opportunity for in situ A/B testing of multiple exhibit designs not previously possible with traditionally constructed exhibits, which once installed were difficult and expensive to iterate. Here we present a method called Scoring Qualitative Informal Learning Dialogue (SQuILD) for quantifying idiosyncratic social learning talk, in order to conduct in situ testing of group learning at interactive exhibits. We demonstrate how the method was applied to a 2 × 2 experiment varying the means of control (full-body vs. handheld tablet controller) and the distribution of control (single-user-input vs. multi-user-input) of an interactive data map exhibit. Though pilot testing in the lab predicted that full-body and multi-input designs would best support learning talk, analysis of dialogue from 119 groups’ interactions revealed surprising nuances in the affordances of each. Implications for embodied interaction design are discussed.
Comment on “Solid-Liquid Phase Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Properties of Olaparib in Selected Organic Solvents and (Tetrahydrofuran + MTBE, Acetonitrile + Isopropyl Alcohol) Binary Solvent Mixtures”

Several mathematical errors in the published paper by Zhao and co-workers are identified. The errors pertain to the calculated equation coefficients for the polynomial version of the combined nearly ideal binary solvent (CNIBS)/Redich-Kister and for the Combined Jouyban–Acree–van’t Hoff equation. In the case of the CNIBS/Redlich–Kister equation the authors’ tabulated equation coefficients give 100 times the mole fraction solubility of olaparib, and not the mole fraction solubility as the authors’ equation implies.
Use of Ego Psychology Concepts in Family Service Intake

Three case illustrations demonstrate the application of a mental health approach related to ideas of effectance, efficacy, competence, and mastery
The Promise of Disaster: Specters of Malthus in Marxist Dreams // La promesa del desastre: Espectros de Malthus en sueños marxistas

This article considers Malthus in the context of Marxist criticism and ecology. While these critics see Malthus as a proponent of austerity, this essay reads the Essay on the Principle of Population to suggest that Malthus establishes pain, rather than pleasure, as a primary political problem, and that the ecological apocalypse he predicts is mirrored by his concern for an intellectual apocalypse that derives from pain—his own toothache. It considers also the function of the French Revolution, and hunger, in Malthusian thought. Resumen Este articulo estudia a Malthus dentro del contexto de la critica marxista y la ecologia. Mientras que los criticos de estas escuelas ven a Malthus como un defensor de la austeridad, este texto analiza el Ensayo sobre el principio de la poblacion con el objetivo de sugerir que Malthus establece el dolor, en vez del placer, como un problema politico primario, y que el apocalipsis ecologico que predice se refleja en su preocupacion por un apocalipsis intelectual que deriva del dolor—su propio dolor de muelas. Tambien se reflexiona la funcion de la Revolucion Francesa y del hambre en el pensamiento malthusiano.
Materials/Logistics Management Strategies

Today, materials/logistics management must develop operational strategies to achieve efficient operations. This is necessary for both manufacturing and service operations, and results from a need to improve operations. The tendency to pay greater attention to strategies has continued and has spurred materials/logistics management to develop complete operational strategies for each unit.
Beams: Analytical Methodology

Beams are defined as structures subjected to loads normal to their longitudinal direction, thereby producing lateral displacements and flexural stresses. We restrict consideration to straight beams with symmetric cross-sectional areas; the loads are applied along the plane of symmetry of the beam. Figure 1.1 shows an example of a continuous beam, with two fixed supports at the ends (fixed for translation and for rotation) and two simple support rollers (fixed for lateral translation)
Nematodes and Their Allies

The relationship of nematodes to other organisms remains unclear even after 100 years of zoological arguments. Nematodes have been assigned to no less than four phyla. Perhaps the most generally accepted has been that of Aschelminthes, Grobben 1909. This group, adhered to by Hyman, includes 6 classes: Rotifera, Gastrotricha, Kinorhyncha (Echinodera), Priapulida, Nematoda, and Nematomorpha. The Priapulida, because their musculature is longitudinal and circular and because of variations in their body cavity, have been excluded from the phylum Aschelminthes. In other schemes, nematodes are placed in the phylum Nemathelminthes, which generally includes just the Nematoda and Nematomorpha, thus leaving Aschelminthes to hold Rotifera, Gastrotricha, and Kinorhyncha. In this text I will hold to the concept that nematodes belong in a phylum of their own, Nemata, as first proposed by Cobb in 1919, and reinstated by Chit-wood in 1958; and that each of the so-called related groups, that is, rotifers, gastrotrichs, kinorhynchs, and nematomorphs, are to be placed in their own separate phyla.
Small RNA Biosensor Design Strategy To Mitigate Off-Analyte Response.

Several bottlenecks in the design of current sensor technologies for small noncoding RNA must be addressed. The small size of the sensors and the large number of other nucleotides that may have seq...
Investigating End-to-End Integrity Violations in Internet Traffic

Internet applications are commonly implemented with the implicit assumption that network traffic is transported across the Internet without modification and without having application-level data being monitored; we refer to this end-to-end integrity. Put simply, most applications assume that the data they send will be received intact by the host they are communicating with (barring transient errors and normal packet loss). This expectation is encoded in the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Open Internet Order, which states that Internet Service Providers (ISPs) should not impose “unreasonable interference” with customers’ network traffic. However, it is increasingly common for ISPs to deploy middleboxes that silently manipulate customers’ traffic in ways that impact security, privacy, and integrity. This paper describes a methodology to test for such end-to-end modifications, as well as evidence of multiple ISPs that modify customers’ traffic in-flight. We use a HTTP/S proxy service with millions of end hosts in residential networks to study the behavior of over 14K networks worldwide. Using this system, we route benign traffic via over 1.2M hosts in these networks to test for end-to-end integrity. We find end- to-end integrity violations including hijacking of certain DNS responses—often sending users to pages with advertisements—by AT&T, Verizon, and Cox Communications (as well as a number of non-US ISPs). We also find content injection in web pages—often adding trackers or advertisements to web pages or censoring content—by a number of non-US ISPs as well. Worse, we find evidence that a number of hosts’ web requests are being monitored, suggesting that subscriber browsing data is being shared with third parties. Given the increasing amounts of critical and privacy-sensitive information that is exchanged online, we recommend that regulators leverage active auditing technologies to inform and enforce current and future policies. Our methodology can be deployed with low overhead and is scalable to millions of hosts and
Improving quick and accurate diagnosis of childhood JIA-uveitis from a pediatric rheumatology perspective.

Introduction: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common pediatric rheumatic disease associated with uveitis. JIA-associated uveitis (JIA-U) is typically asymptomatic, chronic, and can ...
Perspectives on Religious and Spiritual Coping among Rural Grandparent Caregivers

Poverty and poor health disproportionately affect older adults serving as primary caregivers to their grandchildren. In underserved, rural regions, where grandparent caregivers may be especially vu...
Predictive Value of Coronary Artery Calcium Score Categories for Coronary Events Versus Strokes: Impact of Sex and Race: MESA and DHS.

Background: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) predicts atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events, inclusive of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, and is a decision-making aid for prim...
Study on the Definition and Performance of Fast Frequency Response from Inverter-Based Resources

With increasing inverter-based resources taking place of the traditional synchronous generators, system inertia and primary frequency regulation capability are declining. The fast frequency response (FFR) from inverter-based resources proves to be an important mitigation option in maintaining grid security during low inertia and insufficient primary frequency capacity conditions. However, the inconsistent understanding of FFR is still confusing and unsettled. There have been practical needs for clear definition and performance requirements of FFR from inverter-based resources for further study and application. Aiming at the above problems, the system needs for FFR are analyzed in depth firstly. Then through the review of the existing usage of FFR, the recommended definition is given and the impact mechanism on frequency of FFR from inverter-based resources is studied. Finally, the performance requirements of FFR are clarified and the application effects are further verified.
Modular and coordinated activity of AAA+ active sites in the double-ring ClpA unfoldase of the ClpAP protease

ClpA is a hexameric double-ring AAA+ unfoldase/translocase that functions with the ClpP peptidase to degrade proteins that are damaged or unneeded. How the 12 ATPase active sites of ClpA, 6 in the D1 ring and 6 in the D2 ring, work together to fuel ATP-dependent degradation is not understood. We use site-specific cross-linking to engineer ClpA hexamers with alternating ATPase-active and ATPase-inactive modules in the D1 ring, the D2 ring, or both rings to determine if these active sites function together. Our results demonstrate that D2 modules coordinate with D1 modules and ClpP during mechanical work. However, there is no requirement for adjacent modules in either ring to be active for efficient enzyme function. Notably, ClpAP variants with just three alternating active D2 modules are robust protein translocases and function with double the energetic efficiency of ClpAP variants with completely active D2 rings. Although D2 is the more powerful motor, three or six active D1 modules are important for high enzyme processivity, which depends on D1 and D2 acting coordinately. These results challenge sequential models of ATP hydrolysis and coupled mechanical work by ClpAP and provide an engineering strategy that will be useful in testing other aspects of ClpAP mechanism.
Prevalence and minority-stress correlates of past 12-month prescription drug misuse in a national sample of transgender and gender nonbinary adults: Results from the U.S. Transgender Survey.

Abstract Background Prescription drug (PD) misuse, particularly opioid misuse, is a major US public health concern. While transgender and gender nonbinary (TGNB) individuals experience numerous health disparities, including substance use disparities, little research has focused on PD misuse in this population. Methods Data for this secondary analysis come from the US Transgender Survey (N = 26,689). First, we examined bivariate differences in past 12-month PD misuse among binary transgender women, binary transgender men, nonbinary individuals assigned-female-at-birth (AFAB), and nonbinary individuals assigned-male-at-birth (AMAB). We then used multivariable logistic regression (separately based on sex-assigned-at-birth) to examine the relationship between gender-identity related discrimination and PD misuse. Results PD misuse was significantly more common among binary transgender men (17.3 %), nonbinary AFAB individuals (18.7 %), and nonbinary AMAB individuals (18.0 %); compared to binary transgender women (13.5 %). In multivariable analyses, nonbinary identity was associated with higher odds of PD misuse among TGNB AFAB individuals (OR = 1.121; 95 %CI 1.021−1.232) and AMAB individuals (OR = 1.315; 95 % CI 1.133−1.527). Controlling for overall health status and psychological distress, public accommodations discrimination was associated with PD misuse among TGNB AMAB individuals (OR = 1.578, 95 %CI 1.354−1.839). Among both groups, healthcare discrimination was associated with PD misuse (AFAB OR = 1.388, 95 %CI 1.255−1.534; AMAB OR = 1.227, 95 %CI 1.073−1.404). Conclusion In this national sample of TGNB individuals, nonbinary individuals were at greater risk for PD misuse than binary individuals, possibly due to less societal affirmation. Similar to other TGNB health disparities, discrimination based on gender identity/expression was associated with PD misuse. This highlights the importance of interventions to reduce discrimination against TGNB individuals.
Metalinguistic Negotiations and Two Senses of Taste

This paper defends the claim that the traditional Kantian division between two different types of judgments, judgments of personal preference (subjectively valid) and judgments of taste (intersubjectively valid), does not apply to some contexts in which metalinguistic negotiations take place. To begin, I first highlight some significant similarities between predicates of personal taste and aesthetic predicates. I sustain that aesthetic predicates are gradable and multidimensional, and that they often produce metalinguistic negotiations, characteristics that have motivated an individual treatment for predicates of personal taste. Secondly, contrary to Kant’s claim, I maintain that there are cases where judgments of personal preference are intersubjectively valid; in some contexts of metalinguistic negotiation, judgments of personal preference direct universality to a similar extent as judgments of taste. Some examples of real-life conversations will be presented to illustrate this point.
Early corn stand count of different cropping systems using UAV-imagery and deep learning

Abstract Optimum plant stand density and uniformity is vital in order to maximize corn (Zea mays L.) yield potential. Assessment of stand density can occur shortly after seedlings begin to emerge, allowing for timely replant decisions. The conventional methods for evaluating an early plant stand rely on manual measurement and visual observation, which are time consuming, subjective because of the small sampling areas used, and unable to capture field-scale spatial variability. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based imaging system for estimating early corn stand count in three cropping systems (CS) with different tillage and crop rotation practices. A UAV equipped with an on-board RGB camera was used to collect imagery of corn seedlings (~14 days after planting) of CS, i.e., minimum-till corn-soybean rotation (MTCS), no-till corn-soybean rotation (NTCS), and no-till corn-corn rotation with cover crop implementation (NTCC). An image processing workflow based on a deep learning (DL) model, U-Net, was developed for plant segmentation and stand count estimation. Results showed that the DL model performed best in segmenting seedlings in MTCS, followed by NTCS and NTCC. Similarly, accuracy for stand count estimation was highest in MTCS (R2 = 0.95), followed by NTCS (0.94) and NTCC (0.92). Differences by CS were related to amount and distribution of soil surface residue cover, with increasing residue generally reducing the performance of the proposed method in stand count estimation. Thus, the feasibility of using UAV imagery and DL modeling for estimating early corn stand count is qualified influenced by soil and crop management practices.
Coaching Teachers to Improve Students’ School Readiness Skills: Indirect Effects of Teacher–Student Interaction

This study examined indirect associations of MyTeachingPartner coaching with pre-K students' (N = 1,570; 73% low income) school readiness, via improvements of teachers' (N = 393; 47% Black; 41% Head Start) classroom interactions. Data were collected across 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 in 10 urban sites across the eastern United States. The number of completed coaching cycles was examined as a predictor of teacher-student interactions, as were direct or indirect associations with students' literacy, receptive language, and working memory skills. Significant findings indicated that teachers engaged in more feedback cycles showed greater improvements in instructional interactions, in turn predicting greater increases in students' early literacy and working memory. Results confirm the theory of change for coaching and an ecological-developmental conceptualization of school readiness.
The Role of Racial-Ethnic Socialization, Center-Based Childcare and Caregiver Stability in Promoting Successful Development in Young Children of Formerly Incarcerated Parents

Background. In the U.S., approximately 33 million children have at least one parent with a criminal record. Of these children, a higher percentage are African American and Hispanic. One in 9 African American children and 1 in 28 Hispanic children had an incarcerated parent in 2010 compared to 1 in 57 Caucasian children. Given this familial history of incarceration, these children are at higher risk of developmental problems compared to their peers but many do not develop adverse outcomes. Prior research with African American parents showed that their transmission of racial-ethnic pride, resiliency and self-efficacy could protect adolescents from developing maladaptive behaviors. Additionally, studies have …
Role of Dyslipidemia in Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory disease characterized by lipid accumulation within the artery walls. It produces the narrowing of arteries due to the development of intimal plaques. The formation of plaques involves the deposition of small cholesterol crystals in the intima and its underlying smooth muscle. The growth of plaques starts with the proliferation of fibrous tissues and the surrounding smooth muscle producing a bulge inside the arteries. It results in reduction of the blood flow to the heart leading to cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease are not only accompanied by increased levels of cholesterol, cholesterol metabolites, and trimethylamine N-oxide levels in the blood, but also by the involvement of the immune system, which is made up of many cell types, hundreds of bioactive cytokines and chemokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1), and millions of different antigens. This makes the development of atherosclerosis very challenging. In addition to the development of myocardial infarctions, atherosclerosis is also associated with peripheral artery disease. This pathological condition is also accompanied by different stages of atherogenesis, dyslipidemia, hypertension, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation. At the molecular level, these processes involve the generation of reactive oxygen species, reduction in redox status, and increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. These mediators can be used as biomarkers for cardiovascular disease, as well as peripheral artery disease.
Development of PF-05280014, a potential biosimilar to trastuzumab.

618 Background: Trastuzumab, a humanized recombinant monoclonal antibody, targets HER2 and is approved for treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast and gastric cancers. PF-05280014 is being develope...
Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Application of Disease-Directed Agents

Contrast agents have long helped researchers and physicians alike delineate boundaries, but new diagnostic information is always sought after. A new field of molecularly targeted CT agents hopes to fill this void and supply physicians with prognostic information to find better treatments for patients. Borrowing from drug delivery and design, nanoparticles and similar platforms are being explored to help visualize complex biologic processes with never before seen resolution and fidelity. We discuss the development of this field and feasibility of translating some of these prospects to the clinic. Advances in chemistry, molecular biology, and engineering have molded this field emphasizing the early detection and treatment of diseases at the molecular and cellular level. Myriads of nanomedicine platforms have been proposed and developed and tested in laboratories and in preclinical models. However, very few have been translated to clinical trials. It is therefore a critical issue to recognize the factors affecting their eventual application in human. Better understanding of biological and biophysical obstacles encountered by these agents is necessary. Toward this aim, we critically review our present understanding of the biological obstacles encountered by the nano-agents, which we hope will motivate more studies to tune these technologies for future translational and clinical applications.
Human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase. Substrate and inhibitor kinetics with thymidine 5'-triphosphate and 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate.

Abstract 3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate (AZTTP) was an efficient substrate for the human immunodeficiency virus 1 reverse transcriptase. It was incorporated into both homopolymer and defined sequence DNA-primed RNA templates and DNA-primed DNA templates. The substrate and inhibitor kinetics of both AZTTP and dTTP were dependent on the template-primer and reaction conditions used. dTMP was incorporated into poly(rA).oligo(dT) and into a defined sequence DNA-primed RNA template (when the other three 2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphates were present) as a conventional substrate, with steady-state Km values of 5-10 microM. The results suggest that the reverse transcriptase was capable of processive DNA polymerization on these DNA-primed RNA templates. In contrast, in the absence of the other three 2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphates, the time course for incorporation of dTMP into the same defined sequence DNA-primed RNA template was biphasic. A burst of product formation was observed followed by a slow steady-state rate with a Km value of 0.082 microM. AZTMP incorporation into poly(rA).oligo(dT) and into the defined sequence DNA-primed RNA template produced similar biphasic time courses and steady-state Km values. These results were consistent with rate-limiting dissociation of the polymerase.template-primer complex after "forced" termination of polymerization. AZTMP and dTMP were both incorporated into the homopolymer DNA-primed DNA template, poly(dA).oligo(dT), and a defined sequence DNA-primed DNA template as conventional substrates. Their Km values were similar (2-10 microM). The absence of biphasic time courses suggested that dissociation of the DNA-primed DNA templates from the enzyme, after forced termination, was not rate-limiting. This was consistent with a more distributive mode of DNA polymerization. With the defined sequence template-primers and poly(dA).oligo(dT), Ki values for both dTTP and AZTTP were comparable to their Km values. Thus, AZTTP appeared to be a simple competitive substrate-inhibitor with respect to dTTP. AZTTP inhibition of dTMP incorporation into poly(rA).oligo(dT) was linear competitive at low concentrations (0-100 nM) of AZTTP (Ki = 35 nM) but became hyperbolic (decreasing potency) at concentrations of AZTTP above this range. A mechanism for this nonlinear inhibition is discussed.
Stability of the chronic multichannel recording neuron signals

Chronic multi-channel neural recording recently has been applied to study dynamic brain function. Often these studies rely upon chronically implanted multi-electrode arrays, raising questions about the stability of the long-term neuronal recording. The objective of this paper is to investigate and track the recorded neural signal activity for over 3 years in the awake, behaving primate brain through analysis of unit waveforms and principle component analysis (PCA) of multi-units. For the time span from the beginning to the end of the recording session, the monkey was trained to do three different tasks. We show that some units are very stable within a session for over 3 years recording.
Training in Clinical Psychology in the United States: Scientist–Practitioner Model

Since the mid-twentieth century, scientist-practitioner training in clinical psychology has been the preeminent educational model for clinical psychologists. In 1949, 71 psychologists and educators held a two week meeting in Boulder, Colorado to define clinical psychology and propose a model of education and training. They recommended that clinical psychologists complete a doctor of philosophy degree in general psychology, marked by an empirical base and a grounding in the scientific method. They further recommended that such training be accompanied by practical experience including at least a year of a predoctoral internship. The report of the Boulder Conference set the stage for clinical psychologists to become both scientists and practitioners, a unique model among the major disciplines and professions. The scientist-practitioner model was embraced by and continues in most university-based, Ph.D.-granting programs that educate and train clinical psychologists.
Site Preference Model for Hyperfine Impurities in Compounds

A thermodynamic model for site preferences of solute atoms in ordered binary phases is applied in this paper for substitutional and interstitial sites of the Cu3Au, or L12, structure. Site preferences are found to depend on formation energies of combinations of elementary point defects and on energies for transfer of solutes among different sites. The composition dependence in compounds having a wide phase field is examined in detail. A phenomenology of site preference behavior is outlined for regular lattice sites as well as for non-lattice sites such as grain boundaries.
Architectural approaches to reduce leakage energy in caches

In this paper, we present two methods to reduce leakage energy by dynamically resizing the cache during program execution. The first method monitors the miss rate of the individual subbanks (in a subbanked cache structure) and selectively shuts them if their miss rate falls below a predetermined threshold. Simulations on SPECJVM98 benchmarks show that for a 64K I-cache, this method results in a leakage reduction of 17-69% for a 4 subbank structure and 20-75% for a 8 subbank structure when the performance penalty is <1%. The second method dynamically resizes the cache based on whether the macro-blocks (a group of adjacent cache blocks) are being heavily accessed or not. This method has higher area overhead but greater leakage energy reduction. Simulations on the same set of benchmarks show that this method results in a leakage reduction of 22-81% for the I-cache when the performance penalty is <0.1%, and 17-85% for the D-cache when the performance penalty is <1%.
Abstract 644: Impact of conjugation site on pharmacokinetics and off-target toxicity of site-specific antibody drug conjugates

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA Site-specific conjugation of toxic payload to antibody yields homogeneous ADCs resulting in improved therapeutic index over conventional conjugation. To understand the role of conjugation site on pharmacokinetics, off-target toxicity, cysteine(cys) was engineered into a humanized anti-IL13Rα2 antibody, hAB08, at various sites within the IgG1/k constant domains. Single cys mutants L443C and Q347C with DAR 2, and double cys mutants K392C+L443C, L443C/kK183C and Q347C/kK183C with DAR 4 were conjugated using auristatin 0101 via maleimidocapronic - valine-citruline-p-aminobenzyloxycarbonyl (vc, cleavable linker). All cys mutants and their conjugates maintained their binding properties compared to parental hAb08. Cysteine substitution sites were selected based on conjugation efficiency and in vitro stability. In vivo efficacy was evaluated in mouse xenograph tumor models. Pharmacokinetics (PK) and off target toxicity (TOX) were assessed in both mouse and rat in vivo studies. Our data demonstrate that that all site specific conjugates show improved in vitro stability, comparable or better in vivo efficacy in mice xenograph models and in vivo stability (ratio of ADC-AUC/Ab-AUC) compared to conventional conjugates. However PK and off-target toxicity of antibody drug conjugates had been significantly impacted by conjugation site and animal species. L443 mutants show higher ADC-AUC, lower clearance and longer half life than Q347 mutants in mice while a reverse TK behavior was observed in rat. All site specific conjugates show higher dose tolerance and less off-target toxicity relative to conventional conjugates in rat. This off-target toxicity improvement depends on sites of conjugation. The L443 mutants exhibited a better off-target TOX profile relative to Q347 mutants. Taken together, site-specific conjugation improved in vivo efficacy and off-target toxicity relative to conventionally conjugated ADC. PK differences and off-target toxicity improvements depend on conjugation sites and animal species. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Dangshe Ma, Fang Jin, Frank Barletta, George Hu, Nathan Tumey, Haige Zhang, Tao He, Eric Sousa, Manoj Charti, Kiran Khadke, Judy Lucas, Darren Ferguson, Christoper Brown, Weijun Ma, Scott Gatto, William Brady, Edmund Graziani, Hans-Peter Gerber, Puja Sapra, Lioudmila Tchistikova. Impact of conjugation site on pharmacokinetics and off-target toxicity of site-specific antibody drug conjugates. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 644. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-644