cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SU-GG-T-553: Comparison of RTOG 0618, 0813, 0915, and Accuray STARS SBRT Lung Protocols

Purpose: Recently several stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT)lung protocols have been developed. To gain insight into the dose tolerance limits and the fractionation schemes, this study is a comparison of the RTOG 0618, 0813, 0915, and Accuray STARS SBRTlung protocols. Method and Materials: To make a fair, unbiased comparison, all selected patients were evaluated according to all six protocol regimens. The DVH Evaluator software tool, which can evaluate a treatment plan according to all selected protocols, was used. Results: When comparing the various dose schemas and normal tissue tolerance limits utilized in currently available protocols, the Accuray STARS protocol incorporates radiobiologically higher dose tolerance limits. There is some discordance in the use of radiobiological equivalent doses as demonstrated with spinal cord limits heavily dependent upon fractionation schema and lungdose limits very similar to standard fractionated target doses. When we compare and contrast the various protocols RTOG 0618 incorporates the highest effective dose, yet some normal tissue tolerance targets are more strict than in other similar trials. Comparative analysis of included patients illustrates that three patients would have received treatment in full compliance with three of six protocols. Another patient was noted to exceed the spinal cord tolerance only for the single fraction arm of RTOG 0915 and skin limit for RTOG 0618, while meeting the esophageal dose limits in three of six protocols. Conclusion: This opens a dialogue regarding SBRTdose limits for the potential delivery of higher effective target doses utilizing the available ranges of acceptable normal tissue tolerance levels for the development of individualized treatment maximizing the risk‐benefit ratio of normal tissue to target dose delivery in an attempt to provide improved outcome for patients.
Specific recognition of bacteria by surface-templated polymer films

Real-time selective recognition of cells is an important capability for medicine, molecular biology, and environmental science. We report here a cell-selective polymer film, obtained via polymerization of a thin film of functionalized monomers, in contact with a target cell. Under controlled conditions, the replica maintains exceptional structural memory of both shape and surface functionality of the initial bacterial cell. High selectivity is observed between bacteria featuring different cell surfaces (Gram-positive vs negative), shapes (rods vs spheres), and cell arrangements (single cells vs short chains vs clusters). Interfacing to a quartz crystal microbalance provides real-time, selective detection of bacteria at environmentally relevant concentrations of less than 500 cells/mL, an improvement of 100-fold in response time and 10 6 fold in sensitivity over current methods.
Connexin 43 expression in normal versus dysfunctional labor

Abstract OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether connexin 43 (C×43), the major myometrial gap junction protein, is differentially expressed in normal versus dysfunctional labor. STUDY DESIGN: Myometrial biopsies were obtained from 28 patients undergoing cesarean section and grouped into the following categories: (1) no labor, (2) dysfunctional labor, and (3) normal labor. Northern and Western analyses were performed to determine C×43 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression, respectively. Localization of C×43 protein was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Labor was associated with increased C×43 mRNA expression ( P P >.05). CONCLUSION: Dysfunctional labor is not associated with aberrant C×43 mRNA or protein expression or with a reduction in immunodetectable C×43 gap junctions. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;186:504-11.)
Advances In Technique of Lightning Measurements

Improved measuring equipment and refinements of technique contributed materially to the number and accuracy of lightning records taken, in a 4-year study, on a rural distribution system. Special shunts were developed to match the expected lightning currents to the voltage graphs. Modifications were made in the method of initiation of the oscillographs and in their operation so as to get the greatest possible accuracy and to extend their period of unattended reliable operation. Refinements were made to increase the accuracy and speed of magnetic link calibrations and to permit the calibrating equipment to be operated from a low-power 115-volt supply. The 60-cycle after effects of lightning disturbances on the system were recorded by an automatic magnetic oscillograph.
Microwave spectrum of chlorine nitrate (ClNO3)

Abstract Microwave spectra of chlorine nitrate ( 35 ClNO 3 and 37 ClNO 3 ) in the ground and first excited vibrational states have been analyzed in detail. Rotational constants and centrifugal distortion parameters are reported for each species. The permanent electric dipole moment in ClNO 3 was found to have two components, μ a = 0.72 ± 0.07 D and μ b = 0.28 ± 0.02 D.
Photocollection efficiency of GaAs/AlAs/GaAs p+-i-n and n+-i-p photodiodes☆

Abstract Measurements of the photocollection efficiency of GaAs/AlAs/GaAs diodes are reported. The quantum efficiency measurements demonstrate that the conduction band discontinuity between AlAs and GaAs is small — most of the band gap discontinuity is accommodated by the valence band. These results suggest that series resistance may be a problem in p-type heteroface cells (owing to the large majority carrier barrier); n-type heterofaces should display low series resistance due to the isotype heterojunction, even when the junction is not intentionally graded.
“When Will I Use This?” How Math and Science Classes Communicate Impressions of STEM Careers: Implications for Vocational Anticipatory Socialization

This study expands vocational anticipatory socialization (VAS) theory by articulating the concept of vocational anticipation—envisioning what careers are like and how to attain them based on communication from educators and others. We examine communication-based factors related to the leaking STEM pipeline. Data from 38 focus groups (N = 241) show that math and science classes communicate fragmented and limited information about STEM occupations, what they are like, and how courses and content fit into career pursuits. Findings highlight the importance of understanding how VAS receivers envision the world of work and direct attention toward related communicative concepts like occupational identification and proactive VAS.
New method for visualization of vascular networks in nonperfused fixed tissues.

A new method of visualizing the angioarchitecture of tissues has been developed that uses blood components in nonperfused materials. Tissue blocks are fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and cut with a vibratome into 50–60 μm sections. Endogenous peroxidase in red blood cells is then reduced in the presence of hydrogen peroxide with the resultant oxidation of the chromogen 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB). This generates a dark, highly insoluble reaction product throughout the vascular system. The visualization of vascular components can be further enhanced by exposing the sections to peroxidase-conjugated IgG to increase the background staining of the blood plasma. The technique minimizes preparation artifact and permits the application of morphometric analytical methods, thus allowing parameters such as the volume density of the vascular bed to be quantified.
Understanding anger: Comment on Deffenbacher, Oetting, et al. (1996), Deffenbacher, Lynch, et al. (1996), and Kopper and Epperson (1996).

The articles in the Special Section (J. L. Deffenbacher, E. R. Oetting, et al., 1996; J. L. Deffenbacher, R. S. Lynch, et al., 1996; B. A. Kopper & D. L. Epperson, 1996) further our empirical knowledge of different aspects of anger. This comment discusses each study's contributions and offers suggestions for future research. In particular, it is argued that we have neglected to address the sociocultural context of anger and therefore need to conduct cross-cultural analyses of anger.
Weak vs Strong Acids and Bases: The Football Analogy.

An important topic in any introductory chemistry course is that of acids and bases. Students generally have no trouble learning the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid as a proton donor and a base as a proton acceptor. Problems often arise, however, when chemistry teachers attempt to explain the difference between weak and strong acids, and between weak and strong bases. For acids in aqueous solution, discussing complete in contrast to partial ionization works well for those with a strong grasp of the equilibrium concept, but for many students it does not seem to do the trick. Partial ionization may not evoke much in the mind of a "visual learner". Accordingly, I have developed a football analogy for acids and bases in which acids are compared to quarterbacks, whose job is to get rid of the ball (H+). A strong acid, like an excellent quarterback, delivers the ball effectively; a weak acid, like a poor quarterback, is often left holding the ball. Furthermore, bases may be likened to wide receivers, whose ...
Induction of calcification by serum depletion in cell culture: a model for focal calcification in aortas related to atherosclerosis

Since aortic calcification has been shown to initiate in the lower zone of well-thickened plaques (LZP) adjacent to the aortic media of rabbits fed supplemental cholesterol diets, a restricted supply of serum to vascular cells could play a role in vascular calcification. This study was designed to use a cell culture model to support this hypothesis. Rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells were grown to confluence in a culture media containing 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS). The confluent cells were then exposed to the media for 2 hrs with or without serum at a Ca × P ion product range of 4.5–9.4 mM2. In contrast to the cells cultured in the presence of FBS, confluent cells in its absence displayed marked mineral-positive alizarin red staining and infrared absorption of mineral phosphate. A kinetic parameter C1/2 was used to designate the concentration of serum or its protein constituents needed to reduce the deposition of Ca and P by half. The C1/2 for FBS and rabbit serum was 0.04–0.07 % The C1/2 value for rabbit serum proteins was 13.5 μg/ml corresponding to the protein concentration in 0.06 % of serum. This C1/2 was markedly smaller than 86.2 μg/ml for bovine serum albumin present in 0.37 % serum (p < 0.05). Serum depletion also caused marked membrane translocation as evidenced through a specific apoptosis dye uptake by cells. The proteomic analysis of calcifying vesicles, which can be released by serum depletion, revealed several calcification-related proteins. The aortic smooth muscle cell culture model suggests that serum depletion may play a role in the initiation of aortic calcification. The serum exhibits remarkable ability to inhibit cell-mediated calcification.
Service Quality Assessment for NASA's Deep Space Network: No longer a luxury

When NASA's Deep Space Network (DSN) was established almost a half century ago, the concept of computer-based service delivery was impractical or infeasible due to the state of information technology As a result, the interface the DSN exposes to its customers tends to be equipment-centric, lacking a clear demarcation between the DSN and the mission operation systems (MOS) of its customers. As the number of customers has continued to increase, the need to improve efficiency and minimize costs has grown. This growth has been the impetus for a DSN transformation from an equipment-for-rent provider to a provider of standard services. Service orientation naturally leads to requirements for service management, including proactive measurement of service quality and service levels as well as the efficiency of internal processes and the performance of service provisioning systems. 1
The use of tissue expanders in the correction of ectropion in an animal model

The use of tissue expanders in eyelid reconstruction has seen limited application. To determine the efficacy of tissue expanders in the correction of cicatricial ectropion, an animal model was developed. Lower-eyelid blepharoplasty with overcorrection was performed on 18 New Zealand white rabbits. After 1 month, if significant ectropion was present, tissue expanders (1.8-cm3 Cylindrical/Microdome [CUI Corporation, Carpinteria, Calif.]) were inserted on one side, the other eye being the control. These were inflated in the following weeks to a total volume of 2 cm3. The tissue expanders were then removed, and the animals were followed for 1 month. Although the early results were encouraging, the ectropion progressed toward its preoperative severity. It appears that lower-eyelid ectropion remains a therapeutic problem that is only partially corrected with tissue expansion alone.
Hydrops fetalis and chromosomal trisomies

Three patients with trisomy 21 and one with trisomy 13 associated with nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis are presented. Analysis of previous nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis, which included chromosomal trisomies, and the present study yields an overall incidence of 7% for chromosomal trisomy disorders in live-born infants with nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis. Our data emphasize the need for chromosomal analysis of neonates with nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis.
Studies on Dihydropteridine Reductase Activity in Pheochromocytoma Cells

The activity of dihydropteridine reductase (DPR) in pheochromocytoma cells has been studied. The activity of this enzyme in crude extracts of pheochromocytoma cells is approximately 50 nmol/min/mg protein. This activity is very much greater than the activity of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (TH) in these extracts and the rate of conversion of tyrosine to DOPA in intact pheochromocytoma cells. Incubation of the cells with 56 mM-K+ or with cholera toxin has previously been shown to increase the rate of catecholamine synthesis and to cause a stable activation of TH in the cells. These treatments do not produce a stable activation of DPR, as assayed in vitro. Methotrexate inhibits DPR activity in vitro with an I50 of approximately 20 microM, but has no effect on the rate of DOPA formation in intact pheochromocytoma cells. Therefore, DPR does not appear to be the rate-limiting enzyme in the pathway of catecholamine synthesis in pheochromocytoma cells. Moreover, the activities of DPR and of TH are not regulated coordinately in these cells.
Zoster Vaccine Live

Herpes zoster is a neurocutaneous disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus and is associated with significant morbidity and long-term sequelae in older adults. Until recently, treatment options for these complications have been primarily targeted at disease state management and symptom relief. Zoster vaccine live is the first vaccine approved for the prevention of herpes zoster. The vaccine was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for adults aged 60 years or older. Results of the Shingles Prevention Study demonstrated that in older individuals, administration of zoster vaccine live reduces the burden of illness associated with herpes zoster by 61.1%, the frequency of herpes zoster pain and discomfort by 51.3%, and the frequency of postherpetic neuralgia by 66.5%. Overall, adverse events reported in clinical trials of zoster vaccine live were classified as mild. Events that occurred more frequently in zoster vaccine live recipients than in placebo recipients included injection site reactions, headache, respiratory infections, fever, flu syndrome, diarrhea, rhinitis, skin disorders, respiratory disorders, and asthenia. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recently recommended universal vaccination for those 60 years of age and older, including those who have experienced previous episodes of shingles.
Cell cycle control: many ways to skin a cat

Thirty exponential cell divisions after fertilization would produce the number of cells in a baby mouse, but would not make a mouse. Sophisticated controls govern the cell cycle during development. These controls appear to play a central role in sculpting biological form. Rapid advances in our understanding of the machinery that drives the cell cycle provide a foundation for investigation of the molecular nature of cell cycle control in development. In this article, I emphasize that the design of the cell cycle machinery provides numerous inputs for regulation. I hope that the emphasis I have chosen will avert a tendency towards a narrow perception of cell cycle control.
Crystal structure and melting point of californium metal

Abstract Thin films of californium metal were prepared by reducing Cf2O3 with lanthanum metal and condensing the volatile metal on electron microscopy grids. The metal deposits were then analyzed by electron diffraction. A fcc structure ( a 0 = 5·743 ± 0·006 A ) and a hexagonal close-packed structure ( a 0 = 3·988 ± 0·004 A and c 0 = 6·887 ± 0·008 A ) were observed in the initial californium deposits. The fcc structure changed to the hcp structure after the fcc deposits were heated in vacuum. The melting point of the metal was determined to be 900 ± 30°C by observing the metal deposits while they were heated in the electron microscope. The atomic radii calculated from the lattice parameters suggest that californium is divalent in the metallic state.
Circuit in pieces: understanding electricity from electrons to light bulbs

Electrical circuits are difficult to understand. Novices tend to have incorrect understandings of what happens at the level of atoms and electrons in a circuit, which leads to difficulty in understanding and predicting the outcomes of various electrical circuits. We are designing an interactive learning tool called Circuit in Pieces (CiP) that enables learners to interact with representations of electrical circuits at both a micro and a macro level. Using a research through design process that includes interviews and sessions with six students, we explore different approaches for interacting in and between levels. In this paper, we offer preliminary results and design implications for supporting switching between macro and micro level views.
Nuclear Spins of the Carbon Isotopes

High dispersion spectrograms of the Swan bands of diatomic carbon are obtained from samples enriched to 50 percent and 40 percent, respectively, in ${\mathrm{C}}^{13}$ and ${\mathrm{C}}^{14}$. The method of exciting an intense spectrum with microgram samples is described. To permit measurements of the alternating-intensity ratio, current densities in the source had to be limited so that the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type doublets were well resolved. For ${\mathrm{C}}^{13}$, photometric measurements of this ratio give 3:1, showing that the nuclear spin $I=\frac{1}{2}$. The antisymmetric rotational levels have the higher statistical weight (Fermi-Dirac statistics). For ${\mathrm{C}}^{14}$, only the lines from symmetric levels appear. This shows clearly that $I=0$ for ${\mathrm{C}}^{14}$, and that the nucleus obeys Einstein-Bose statistics. Wave numbers are given of lines in the $R$ branches of the 0,0 band in the range $K=12 \mathrm{to} 20$, due to all molecular species containing ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$, ${\mathrm{C}}^{13}$ and ${\mathrm{C}}^{14}$. An isotope effect in the splittings of the electronic triplets is investigated, and found to agree with that calculated from the general term formula for $^{3}\ensuremath{\Pi}$ states.
Preparation and Characterization of Polymer−Inorganic Nanocomposites by In Situ Melt Polycondensation of l-Lactic Acid and Surface-Hydroxylated MgO

Compared with pristine polymers, bionanocomposites derived from biopolymers and inorganic nanoparticles have significantly improved electrical/magnetic properties, mechanical properties, thermal stability, gas barrier properties, and fire retardance. In this study, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites were prepared by in situ melt polycondensation of L-lactic acid with different loading ratios of surface-hydroxylated magnesium oxide (MgO) nanocrystals. Molecular weight, structure, morphology, and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were characterized. PLA-grafted MgO (PLA-g-MgO) was isolated from free PLA for the nanocomposite with 3% MgO via repeated dispersion/centrifugation processes and characterized. The weight-average molecular weight of the PLA-0.01%MgO nanocomposite was 55500, which was 30% higher than that of pure PLA. Discoloration of PLA was obviously depressed in the presence of MgO nanocrystals. Formation of hydrogen bonding between PLA chains and surface -OH groups from MgO was detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Morphological images showed uniform dispersion of MgO nanocrystals in the PLA matrix and demonstrated a strong interfacial interaction between the PLA matrix and MgO nanocrystals. PLA-MgO nanocomposites exhibited improved thermal stability compared with pure PLA. Calculations based on thermogravimetric analysis revealed that more than 42.5% PLA was successfully grafted into PLA-g-MgO.
Oestrous Behaviour and Female Choice in the African Elephant

1. During the course of an eight year field study of African elephants in Amboseli National Park, Kenya, from September, 1972 to December, 1980, females were seen exhibiting oestrous behaviour on 154 occasions, during which 43 copulations were witnessed. 2. Five categories of oestrous behaviour are described: a) wariness, b) the oestrous walk, c) the chase, d) mounting, and e) consort behaviour. 3. The oestrous behaviour as described was found to be temporally associated with ovulation, as judged by conceptions, in 70.7% of 58 cases. 4. The duration of oestrous periods is estimated at 2-6 days. 5. On average Amboseli females conceived once every 5 years and for each of these conceptions the female may only have been in oestrus once. 6. Evidence from the Amboseli study suggests that some females may exercise choice in mating partners. For example, females were able to elude their pursuers in 69.4% of all chases (n = 134). Observation of female behaviour during oestrus suggested that some females preferred to mate with males in the largest size class, particularly those in musth. 7. Two possible short-term advantages to females exercising choice in mating partners are suggested: a) avoidance of harassment from other bulls; and b) Large males in musth may be more likely to impregnate a female. 8. A possible long-term advantage to mating with a Large, and therefore older, male could be his ability to pass on a trait for longevity. 9. Although females may be exercising choice among the size/age classes, male-male competition among the Large males may override female choice on the individual level.
Robust Bioinformatics Recognition with VLSI Biochip Microsystem

A microsystem architecture for real-time, on-site, robust bioinformatic patterns recognition and analysis has been proposed. This system is compatible with on-chip DNA analysis means such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. A corresponding novel artificial neural network (ANN) learning algorithm using new sigmoid-logarithmic transfer function based on error backpropagation (EBP) algorithm is invented. Our results show the trained new ANN can recognize low fluorescence patterns better than the conventional sigmoidal ANN does. A differential logarithmic imaging chip is designed for calculating logarithm of relative intensities of fluorescence signals. The single-rail logarithmic circuit and a prototype ANN chip are designed, fabricated and characterized.
Studies on the thyroidal defect in an atypical form of Pendred's syndrome.

A 52-yr-old woman and her 47-yr-old brother both had large goiters, short stature, nerve deafness, and mild intellectual impairment. Serum levels of thyroid hormones were normal (sister) on borderline low (brother), urinary 127I levels were normal, and perchlorate discharge tests were negative. After administration of 125I, we found normal uptakes and retention of isotope by the thyroid, normal serum half-lives for PB 125I, and absence of labelled iodotyrosines in serum or urine. Particulate fractions from both glands had peroxidase activity by in vitro tests for guaiacol oxidation and tyrosine iodination. Samples from different parts of the sister's gland showed a correlation between peroxidase activity in vitro and radioiodine uptake in vivo. We made three separate preparations of thyroglobulin from the sister and one from the brother by gel filtration on 4% agarose. These were similar to each other and to thyroglobulin samples from normal humans when examined by gel electrophoresis both before and afte...
A digital signal processor based accelerator for artificial neural network simulations in a personal computer environment

A method to accelerate artificial neural network calculations on personal computers for an educational environment is presented. The method utilizes the advanced architecture of digital signal processors (DSP) in the Texas Instruments (TI) TMS320 family to conduct network simulations. Network performance is greatly enhanced due to the efficiency with which the DSP's accomplish the necessary computations relative to conventional processors. To further enhance performance a look-up table of precalculated transfer function values is used with the DSPs. The advantages of DSP with artificial neural network simulations are given. A detailed description of the design is presented. >
Where Do Transactions Come From? A Network Design Perspective on the Theory of the Firm

Our goal in this paper is to explain the location of transactions (and contracts) in a larger system of production. We first characterize the system as a network of tasks and transfers. While transfers between agents are necessary and ubiquitous, the mundane transaction costos of standardizing, counting, valuing and paying for what is transferred make it impossible for all transfers to be transactions. We go on to argue that the modular structure of the network determines its pattern of mundane transction costs, and thus establishes where cost-effective transactions can be located.
Public wage differentials and the treatment of occupational differences

Past research demonstrates that the estimated size of the federal government earnings differential shrinks substantially with the addition of detailed occupational controls. Possible explanations for this reduction are: controlling for the differing sectoral distributions of common occupations, and controlling for detailed occupations unique to each sector. While occupational detail does not eliminate the federal differential, more than two-thirds of the reduction in the federal differential comes from controlling for unique occupations and, moreover, this is equivalent to excluding all observations in unique occupations. This finding is contrasted with that for the local sector in which the differing distribution of common occupations largely explains the pattern of the differential. © 2004 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
On primal-dual cost allocation schema in multicast communication: Combinatorial game theory model

We analyze the cost allocation strategy associated with the problem of sending information from some source to a number of communication network users. A multicast routing chooses a minimum cost network that spans the source and all the receivers. The cost of such a network is distributed among its receivers who may be individuals or organizations with possibly conflicting interests. These receivers are likely to cooperate if they are charged the ‘fair share’ of the cost. Providing network developers, users and owners with computable ‘fair’ cost allocation solution procedures is of great importance for network management. We overview some previously published, as well as some new results, in the development of algorithmic cooperative game theory based mechanisms to efficiently compute ‘attractive’ cost allocation solutions for multicast networks. We also present some open cost allocation problems and the potential contribution that combinatorial game theory models might make in the future.
Competitive Binding of Two Sulfas and Penicillin G to Bovine Serum Albumin Using NMR Techniques

NMR spectroscopy was employed to examine the competitive binding of sulfamerazine, sulfacetamide, and penicillin G to bovine serum albumin. Variations in spin-spin relaxation rates were measured, and evidence for the displacement of penicillin by sulfa drugs was obtained.
A study of teacher formative influence upon and student experience of social–emotional learning climate in secondary school music settings

Conceiving the construct ‘social-emotional learning climate’ as an embodiment of Illeris’ contemporary learning theory, this paper serves dual purposes. First, it examines recent music education literature, which identifies issues of competence and institutionalised pedagogic practice in secondary school music settings that result in adolescents’ inability to target and develop personal locus of control over learning, and the subsequent rejection of the learning environment. Second, it details findings, discussion and pedagogic implications from the author's dissertation study exploring music teacher formative influence upon and student experience of Illeris’ theory of learning process within three Canadian secondary school learning settings integrating informal learning practices.
Metyrapone for Long-Term Medical Management of Cushing’s Syndrome

Cushing’s syndrome is characterized by any cause of excess cortisol in the blood and produces many physiologic consequences. Left untreated, Cushing’s is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Seventy percent of endogenous cases of Cushing’s syndrome are secondary to a pituitary tumor; because of this, the primary mode of management is surgical resection of the tumor. Should hypercortisolism persist following surgical resection, further treatment options are limited. Metyrapone is an orphan medication that is often used in the diagnosis of the disease and occasionally for short-term treatment prior to surgery. Long-term treatment with metyrapone is usually discouraged due to the contradictory increase in ACTH production, acne, hirsutism, hyperkalemia, edema, and other mineralocorticoid effects. We present a patient with refractory Cushing’s syndrome successfully treated for nearly 6 years with metyrapone with minimal adverse effects. This orphan medication may be a viable long-term treatment option for this difficult disease.
Portal vascular anomalies in Down syndrome: spectrum of clinical presentation and management approach.

Abstract Purpose The occurrence of portal vascular anomalies in Down syndrome has been sporadically reported in the literature. These rare disorders have a wide spectrum of anatomical and clinical presentations. The aim of this communication was to describe the clinical course, imaging features, and management approaches in patients with this association. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search of the databases of the Vascular Anomalies Center and the Department of Radiology at Children's Hospital Boston for patients with Down syndrome and portal vascular anomalies. Medical records and imaging studies of varying modalities were reviewed. Results Three children with Down syndrome and portal anomalies (portosystemic shunt, simple arterioportal shunt, complex arterioportal shunt) were managed at our institution. The portosystemic shunt was clinically insignificant and resolved without any intervention. The simple arterioportal shunt was successfully treated with embolization. The complex arterioportal shunt was associated with major congenital cardiac defects and the child ultimately expired despite a decrease in the arterioportal shunting after embolization. Conclusions Three is a wide spectrum of clinical and anatomical features of portal vascular shunts in Down syndrome. The management approach should be tailored based on the severity of symptoms. Percutaneous embolization can offer a safe, effective, and minimally invasive alternative to the surgical approach in selective cases.
Extrachromosomal human immunodeficiency virus type‐1 DNA can initiate a spreading infection of HL‐60 cells

In this report, we describe a human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1)-infected promyelocytic cell line, OM, derived from HL-60 cells. Although the OM cell line was biologically cloned twice, the pattern of HIV-1 expression during culture appeared analogous to a classical acute spreading infection and was inhibited by both azidothymidine and recombinant soluble CD4 treatment. The number of OM cells actually expressing HIV-1 at the beginning of culture was 0%, reached a peak of nearly 100% at 6 weeks, and then fell to less than 10% HIV-1+ cells by 10 weeks. Clonal analysis of the surviving cells verified that stable HIV-1+ OM cells resulted from the spreading infection. Southern analysis confirmed the transmission of HIV-1 through these OM cultures and the occurrence of stable clones which resulted. The initial percentage of OM cells actually harboring the HIV-1 genome was less than 0.1%, indicating nonfaithful transmission of an unintegrated HIV-1 genome during clonal expansion. These results demonstrate that extrachromosomal HIV-1 DNA can contribute to the spread of HIV-1 infection and give rise to cells which have stably integrated HIV-1 provirus.
Trends in particle-phase liquid water during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study

Abstract. We present in situ measurements of particle-phase liquid water. Measurements were conducted from 3 June to 15 July 2013 during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) in the southeastern US. The region is photochemically active, humid, dominated by biogenic emissions, impacted by anthropogenic pollution, and known to contain high concentrations of organic aerosol mass. Measurements characterized mobility number size distributions of ambient atmospheric aerosols in three states: unperturbed, dry, and dry-humidified. Unperturbed measurements describe the aerosol distribution at ambient temperature and relative humidity. For the dry state, the sample was routed through a cold trap upstream of the inlet then reheated, while for the dry-humidified state the sample was rehumidified after drying. The total volume of water and semi-volatile compounds lost during drying was quantified by differencing dry and unperturbed volumes from the integrated size spectra, while semi-volatile volumes lost during drying were quantified differencing unperturbed and dry-humidified volumes. Results indicate that particle-phase liquid water was always present. Throughout the SOAS campaign, median water mass concentrations at the relative humidity (RH) encountered in the instrument typically ranged from 1 to 5 μg m−3 but were as high as 73 μg m−3. On non-raining days, morning time (06:00–09:00) median mass concentrations exceeded 15 μg m−3. Hygroscopic growth factors followed a diel cycle and exceed 2 from 07:00 to 09:00 local time. The hygroscopicity parameter kappa ranged from 0.14 to 0.46 and hygroscopicity increased with increasing particle size. An observed diel cycle in kappa is consistent with changes in aerosol inorganic content and a dependency of the hygroscopicity parameter on water content. Unperturbed and dry-humidified aerosol volumes did not result in statistically discernible differences, demonstrating that drying did not lead to large losses in dry particle volume. We anticipate that our results will help improve the representation of aerosol water content and aqueous-phase-mediated partitioning of atmospheric water-soluble gases in photochemical models.
Nanometer-scale antibody patterning for directed eosinophil cell immobilization and stimulation

Antibodies (Ab) are patterned at nanoscale precision for the precise immobilization and stimulation of immune cells. We demonstrate that the antigen bovine serum albumin (BSA) can be patterned on silicon using a photolithographically patterned polymer lift-off technique. The nanoscale pattern is realized as the polymer is mechanically peeled away in one contiguous piece in aqueous solution. Anti-BSA Ab are bound specifically to BSA to create a pattern of oriented Ab that provides a surface for eosinophil immobilization and degranulation. The patterns ranged from 0.36 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ to 4,489 /spl mu/m/sup 2/, appropriate dimensions for the 10-14 /spl mu/m diameter eosinophil cells. This method provides a new technique for immobilizing cells onto nano and micrometer scale patterns for analyzing cellular biochemical cascade events such as degranulation and studying cellular morphological changes in response to defined nanoscale antigenic stimulus.
A Simple Approach to Estimating Dynamic Moduli from Resilient Moduli for the Mechanistic Empirical Design of Asphalt Pavements

Recently, researchers are putting in effort to convert the resilient moduli (MR) data to the dynamic moduli (|E*|). Most attempts developed so far lack of a specific approach between both tests. This study presents a new and effective approach to calculate the |E*| from the MR, and also focuses on assessing the implementation of this approach in the M-E PDG procedure. This study revealed that this approach is capable of calculating the |E*| from the MR at different frequencies and low temperatures. To study the applicability of approach results in the M-E PDG, a multiple of design trial runs of nine mixtures were conducted using the M-E Design Guide software version 1.1. From the M-E PDG results it was concluded that the developed approach generates a reasonable |E*| estimates adequate for use in the M-E PDG procedures.
Central Nervous System Syndromes in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Solid organ transplant recipients have a high incidence of central nervous system (CNS) complications, including both focal and diffuse neurologic deficits. In the immunocompromised host, the initial clinical evaluation must focus on both life-threatening CNS infections and vascular or anatomic lesions. The clinical signs and symptoms of CNS processes are modified by the immunosuppression required to prevent graft rejection. In this population, these etiologies often coexist with drug toxicities and metabolic abnormalities that complicate the development of a specific approach to clinical management. This review assesses the multiple risk factors for CNS processes in solid organ transplant recipients and establishes a timeline to assist in the evaluation and management of these complex patients.
Linear cyclostationary analysis of noncoherent direct-sequence code tracking in pulsed jamming

The performance of two direct-sequence code tracking systems operating in the presence of background thermal noise and a pulsed wideband noise jammer is presented. One system has a front-end automatic signal-level control, while the other has no such signal strength protection in front of the loop. The pulsed jammer is modeled as a cyclostationary interference, which makes it possible to directly explore not only the impact of the jammer's parameters, such as duty factor, repetition frequency, and jamming power level, but also the effectiveness of the front-end automatic signal-level control, on the tracking loop's behavior. The two systems are examined under linearized performance analysis of loop operation, and compared with each other. >
The Byzantine hardware fault model

A new fault model for temporary failures is presented. This model is motivated and supported by recent experimental studies on types of temporary failures which cannot be explained by existing models. This new fault is called a Byzantine fault by analogy with the well-known Byzantine Generals problem in distributed systems. An example of an important type of Byzantine fault called a short transient is analyzed. The effects of Byzantine faults on concurrent error checking circuits are discussed. Design techniques to eliminate the effects of Byzantine faults are presented. >
Evaluation of neural and entropy-constrained routing of communication networks

This paper presents the results of a study that compared the performance of an entropy-constrained routing algorithm with that of routing methods based on neural optimization. The entropy-constrained algorithm was developed to allow multiple nodes of a communication network to compete for each position of a route and it is implemented as a deterministic annealing process. Routing is also performed by the routron and by a routing method relying on the Hopfield-Tank approach to optimization. This experimental study reveals the superiority of the entropy-constrained routing algorithm, which produces consistently the best routes in a small fraction of the time required for route discovery by the neural optimization methods.
An update to the Raymond–Roy Occlusion Classification of intracranial aneurysms treated with coil embolization

Background The Raymond–Roy Occlusion Classification (RROC) is the standard for evaluating coiled aneurysms (Class I: complete obliteration; Class II: residual neck; Class III: residual aneurysm), but not all Class III aneurysms behave the same over time. Methods This is a retrospective review of 370 patients with 390 intracranial aneurysms treated with coil embolization. A Modified Raymond–Roy Classification (MRRC), in which Class IIIa designates contrast within the coil interstices and Class IIIb contrast along the aneurysm wall, was applied retrospectively. Results Class IIIa aneurysms were more likely to improve to Class I or II than Class IIIb aneurysms (83.34% vs 14.89%, p Conclusions We propose the MRRC to further differentiate Class III aneurysms into those likely to progress to complete occlusion and those likely to remain incompletely occluded or to worsen. The MRRC has the potential to expand the definition of adequate coil embolization, possibly decrease procedural risk, and help endovascular neurosurgeons predict which patients need closer angiographic follow-up. These findings need to be validated in a prospective study with independent blinded angiographic grading.
Influence of Temperature on the Growth of Psychrophilic Strains of Bacillus

Abstract Specific growth rates, doubling times, and temperature characteristics were determined for 12 cultures of 9 species of Bacillus that had been isolated from milk and found able to grow at low temperatures. Cultures of Group A, psychrophilic strains of B. subtilis, B. circulans, and B. coagulans, grew at 0±1C and had growth characteristics similar to those reported for psychrophilic species of Pseudomonas . Eight cultures of Group B had minimal growth temperatures of 5 to 7C and other growth characteristics between those reported for psychrophilic species Pseudomonas and those reported for mesophilic bacteria. Doubling times for B. circulans RH3, B. laterosporus, and B. coagulans F8 in milk at 7.2C were 5, 5.5, and 7 hours. These three cultures produced fruity flavor in milk, followed by the production of rancidity by B. circulans RH3 and unclean flavor by the other two cultures. Plate counts at the time of detecting off-flavor were between 1.0×10 6 and 1.0×10 7 per milliliter for B. coagulans F8 and B. laterosporus and about 5.0×10 7 for B. circulans RH3.
Searching IAC's full-text files: it's awfully confusing

Liste des journaux accessibles en texte integral dans les fichiers ASAP de l'IAC (Information Access Corporation)
C3 Glomerulonephritis and Plasma Cell Dyscrasia: Expanding the EtiologicSpectrum

Background: C3 glomerulopathy (C3GP) including dense deposit disease (DDD) is mediated by abnormal activation of the alternative complement pathway (ACP). In children and young adults, mutations of complement or complement regulatory proteins are the major causative factors but in adults there appears to be an increased incidence of monoclonal gammopathy and it has been proposed that the paraprotein is functioning as a C3 nephritic factor or through other unknown mechanisms resulting in abnormal ACP activity. We describe five patients with C3GP and plasma cell dyscrasias including two patients with symptomatic multiple myeloma and three patients with monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance one of whom progressed to symptomatic myeloma. One patient with DDD and elevated C3 nephritic factor responded to myeloma therapy with cyclophosphamide plus bortezomib and dexamethasone while another patient seemed to rapidly worsen both times after receiving lenalidomide, a drug with potent immunomodulatory activity. In two patients, the effect of myeloma therapy was indeterminate secondary to advanced disease. Two patients with renal transplant had recurrence C3GP in the transplanted kidney at 2 months and four years, respectively. Conclusion: Adult patients with C3GP should be screened for plasma cell dyscrasias. Further studies are required to assess the value of myeloma-directed treatment and/or ACP inhibition.
Lymphatic Targeting of Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Nucleosides: Pharmacokinetics of G′-Deoxy-2′,3′-Didehydrothymidine after Intravenous and Oral Administration of Dipalmitoylphosphatidyl Prodrug to Mice

The lymphatic system is a primary target for early anti-human immunodeficiency virus drug therapy. Strategies are currently being sought to enhance the delivery of nucleoside analogues such as 3′-deoxy-2′,3′-didehydrothymidine (stavudine; d4T) toward the lymph and lymph nodes. The purpose of this study was to synthesize dipalmitoylphosphatidyl-d4T (DPP-d4T) as a lipophilic prodrug of d4T and to evaluate the lymphatic distribution of d4T following administration of d4T and DPP-d4T to mice. The pharmacokinetics of d4T were characterized following administration of a single intravenous or oral dose of 50 mg kg−1 d4T and an equimolar dose (214 mg kg−1) of DPP-d4T. Concentrations of d4T in serum and lymph nodes were determined by HPLC. Following administration of d4T, the distribution of d4T into lymph nodes was rapid with maximum concentrations observed within 5 min after dosing. The AUC and half-life values of d4T in three groups of lymph nodes were similar to those in serum. Administration of DPP-d4T result...
History, Fiction, and the Ground Between: The Uses of the Documentary Mode in Black Literature

Although the so-called nonfiction novel is ordinarily seen as a distinctly post-World War ii phenomenon, Afro-American literature has from its beginnings relied to a marked degree on the documentary mode. Close scrutiny of Afro-American prose narrative provides the basis not only for revising some common literary-historical generalizations but also for examining the nature of mimesis and historicity, since Afro-American writers have employed a wide range of techniques to persuade their readers of the truths proposed in their texts. A consideration of the uses of factuality in this body of literature enables us to make broader theoretical distinctions among the kinds of propositions conveyed by various types of fictional narratives and to illuminate the shady borderline between factual and fictive discourse.
Dwarf Galaxies with Optical Signatures of Accreting Massive Black Holes

Supermassive black holes (BHs) live at the heart of essentially all massive galaxies with bulges, power AGN, and are thought to be important agents in the evolution of their hosts. Observations of high-redshift quasars demonstrate that supermassive BHs must start out with masses considerably in excess of normal stellar-mass BHs. However, we do not know how the initial “seed” BHs formed in the early Universe, how massive they were originally, or what types of galaxies they formed in. While direct observations of distant seed BHs and their hosts in the infant Universe are unobtainable with current capabilities, models of BH growth in a cosmological context indicate that present-day dwarf galaxies can place valuable constraints on seed masses and distinguish between various seed formation mechanisms at early times. Using optical spectroscopy from the SDSS, we have systematically assembled the largest sample of dwarf galaxies hosting AGN to date. These dwarf galaxies have stellar masses comparable to the Magellanic Clouds and contain some of the least-massive supermassive BHs known. I will present results from this study and discuss our ongoing efforts to find additional examples of AGN in dwarfs and help constrain theories for the formation of the first seed BHs at high redshift.