cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ship-Borne Wave Height Measurements

An extensive full scale performance evaluation of the USNS VICTORIOUS T-AGOS 19 was undertaken by the ship design community to validate the hydrodynamic performance cupabilities of this Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull (SWATH) ship. To assess the performance characteristics of the hull form, sensors, signal conditioning instrumentation, and data acquisition computer systems were installed on board. Real-time characterization of the seaway during trial operations represented a key element in the overall evaluation of the rough water performance of this SWATH ship, as would also be the case for many other surface ships. During this full scale trial program the seaway was quantified through wave height measurements made at the how of the ship using a commercially available ship-borne wave height sensor. The major advantages of using a ship-borne wave height sensor include : measurement of seaway parameters in seas too severe to launch a buoy, reduced trial down-time associated with buoy launch and recovery, and an increase in collection time of seaway data available at zero speed as well as underway. A wave height buoy was also employed on several occasions primarily for comparison with the ship-borne wave height measurements. The comparisons of ship-borne wave height measurements with wave buoy measurements show reasonable agreement and provide confidence in the overall accuracy of the wave height measurements. For comparison, wave spectra measured during the trials are also presented along with a theoretical Bretschneider spectrum at approximately the same significant wave height and modal period. The results indicate good agreement between the wave spectra derived from data mmeasured using the ship-borne sensor and what is expected in a theoretical spectral formulation of a well developed seaway.
Lethal H1N1 influenza A virus infection alters the murine alveolar type II cell surfactant lipidome

Alveolar type II (ATII) epithelial cells are the primary site of influenza virus replication in the distal lung. Development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in influenza-infected mice correl...
The big chill: quantifying the effect of the 2014 North American cold wave on hemlock woolly adelgid populations in the central Appalachian Mountains

The ability to survive winter temperatures is a key determinant of insect distributional ranges and population dynamics in temperate ecosystems. Although many insects overwinter in a state of diapause, the hemlock woolly adelgid [Adelges tsugae (Annand)] is an exception and instead develops during winter. We studied a low density population of A. tsugae, which undergoes two generations per year, in a forested area in which its only available host plant, eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), was patchy and scarce. In January 2014, this area also experienced an exceptionally cold winter due to a southward shift in the North Polar Vortex. We used 3 years of systematic sampling prior to the 2014 cold wave, and 1 year following, to quantify the effect of the 2014 cold wave on A. tsugae population dynamics. We observed a strong negative correlation between the number of days below sub-zero temperature thresholds and A. tsugae, and estimated that the 2014 cold wave resulted in at least a 238% decrease in its population growth rate. However, we also observed that the detrimental effect of the 2014 cold wave to A. tsugae was short-lived, as populations measured in the late summer of 2014 rebounded to pre-2014 cold wave densities. This study highlights the effect that cold winter weather events can have on a winter active insect species, and the speed at which populations can recover from stochastic mortality events.
An Appraisal of the Carlisle-stouffer-fisher Method for Assessing Study Data Integrity and Fraud

Data fabrication and scientific misconduct have been recently uncovered in the anesthesia literature, partly via the work of John Carlisle. In a recent article in Anaesthesia, Carlisle analyzed 5087 randomized clinical trials from anesthesia and general medicine journals from 2000 to 2015. He concluded that in about 6% of studies, data comparing randomized groups on baseline variables, before the given intervention, were either too similar or dissimilar compared to that expected by usual sampling variability under the null hypothesis. Carlisle used the Stouffer-Fisher method of combining P values in Table 1 (the conventional table reporting baseline patient characteristics) for each study, then calculated trial P values and assessed whether they followed a uniform distribution across studies. Extreme P values targeted studies as likely to contain data fabrication or errors. In this Statistical Grand Rounds article, we explain Carlisle's methods, highlight perceived limitations of the proposed approach, and offer recommendations. Our main findings are (1) independence was assumed between variables in a study, which is often false and would lead to "false positive" findings; (2) an "unusual" result from a trial cannot easily be concluded to represent fraud; (3) utilized cutoff values for determining extreme P values were arbitrary; (4) trials were analyzed as if simple randomization was used, introducing bias; (5) not all P values can be accurately generated from summary statistics in a Table 1, sometimes giving incorrect conclusions; (6) small numbers of P values to assess outlier status within studies is not reliable; (7) utilized method to assess deviations from expected distributions may stack the deck; (8) P values across trials assumed to be independent; (9) P value variability not accounted for; and (10) more detailed methods needed to understand exactly what was done. It is not yet known to what extent these concerns affect the accuracy of Carlisle's results. We recommend that Carlisle's methods be improved before widespread use (applying them to every manuscript submitted for publication). Furthermore, lack of data integrity and fraud should ideally be assessed using multiple simultaneous statistical methods to yield more confident results. More sophisticated methods are needed for nonrandomized trials, randomized trial data reported beyond Table 1, and combating growing fraudster sophistication. We encourage all authors to more carefully scrutinize their own reporting. Finally, we believe that reporting of suspected data fraud and integrity issues should be done more discretely and directly by the involved journal to protect honest authors from the stigma of being associated with potential fraud.
Schiff-base appended polymers for phosphate removal

AbstractThe remediation of phosphate-contaminated water bodies and the effective treatment of hyperphosphatemia are two big challenges in which phosphate recognition could play a useful role. Here, we summarise briefly the state of the art in phosphate removal. Next, we present findings from synthetic and phosphate extraction studies that involve polymeric materials with pendent Schiff-base macrocycles designed to function as phosphate anion receptors.
System Safety Data Network: Architecture and Blueprint

With increasing complexity of safety analysis in sociotechnical systems, there is a need for a mechanism to accurately capture complex information and present it in an easily accessible and understandable form. While there are plenty of accident databases that have been created over the years for specific purposes, a tool that provides a holistic view of all the safety-related aspects of an accident customized specifically per user and industry is largely absent. This paper discusses the conceptual model of the system safety database (SSD), a tool that will offer tailored solutions to multiple classes of users and that will generate reports synthesizing lessons learned from a variety of disparate contexts, providing succinct and actionable information for decision support. The paper also proposes the concept and architecture of a System Safety Data Network (SSDN) that encapsulates a network of safety databases, thereby addressing some of the challenges of a stand-alone safety database. The data network will enable working with structured and unstructured data by integrating multiple relational and NoSQL databases. A full-fledged implementation of the SSDN will enable improved collaboration across industries and corporations. The System Safety Data Network will facilitate analysis across disciplines and contexts, allowing researchers and practitioners to use integrated mixed-methods approaches to conduct investigations, analyses, research, and development activities across multiple levels of a system. The paper also discusses the steps involved in the implementation of such a data network and the challenges involved. In addition, the current work in data categorization and interpretability of incident data is discussed. When completed, the System Safety Data Network will provide stakeholders at all levels, from individual operators to policymakers, with the tools and perspectives needed to improve the safety of complex sociotechnical systems.
Order Effects of Sampling Experiential Products: The Role of Product Similarity

Consumers often get to sample experiential products that are rich on sensory aspects before making purchase decisions; examples of such products include food/beverages, fragrances, and video/audio clips (Shapiro and Spence 2002; Shiv and Nowlis 2004). Despite the widespread prevalence of such sampling practices, it is not clear as to how the order in which different types of experiential products (that might be similar versus dissimilar) are sampled influences consumers’ final choices regarding the products. We propose that when sequentially sampled products are similar to each other (in terms of sensory cues such as taste, color, smell), there will be a more favorable evaluation of the product sampled sequentially first. In contrast, when sequentially sampled products are dissimilar there will be a more favorable evaluation of the product sampled sequentially last. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research to examine how consumer sampling of experiential products are influenced by the level of similarity /dissimilarity between the sensory aspects of sampled products.
Understanding and Recognizing Emotion

The objective of this chapter is to answer the highly complex question “what are emotions?”. " The nature of emotion is explored starting with Darwin’s powerful observations and descriptions of the fundamental emotions. Darwin’s descriptions still provide an enormously vivid portrayal that can heighten the therapist’s ability to recognize subtle changes in emotional expression. This is essential for effective psychodynamic psychotherapy. Based on a number of emotion theorists, the agreed-upon core human emotions are described and illustrated.
Enantioselective Conversion of Oligoprenol Derivatives to Macrocycles in the Germacrene, Cembrene, and 18-Membered Cyclic Sesterterpene Series

A new enantio-and diastereoselective process has been developed for the efficient conversion of farnesol and other oligoprenyl alcohols to chiral 10-, 14-, and 18-membered cyclization products, including germacrenol, (+)-costunolide, 3-β-elemol, and epi-mukulol. The key cyclization reaction utilizes ω-bromo aldehyde substrates, a chiral ligand, and indium powder as the reagent at −78 °C and generates 10-, 14-, and 18-membered cyclic products in 70–74% yield and 94–95% ee.
Sleeve lobectomy for an arteriovenous malformation in the bronchus intermedius in a child

Abstract Arteriovenous malformations within the tracheobronchial tree in pediatric patients uncommonly present as hemoptysis, and can usually be treated with percutaneous transcatheter embolization. When this fails, parenchymal-sparing operations are needed. While these have been popularized for the management of bronchial neoplasms in children and adults, such bronchoplastic techniques are not commonly performed in children with tracheobronchial vascular malformations and acute hemoptysis. Here, we present a patient with recurrent hemoptysis who was found to have an arteriovenous malformation in the bronchus intermedius, and had failed numerous attempts at coil embolization. Via a right thoracotomy approach, we successfully performed a right middle lobectomy and sleeve resection of the bronchus intermedius. The post-operative recovery was uneventful, and there were no further episodes of hemoptysis. Thus, by applying the principles of bronchoplastic resection, such parenchymal-preserving surgery can be successfully used to manage symptomatic bronchial arteriovenous malformations with hemoptysis.
Use of electronic health record data and machine learning to identify candidates for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis: a modelling study

Summary Background The limitations of existing HIV risk prediction tools are a barrier to implementation of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We developed and validated an HIV prediction model to identify potential PrEP candidates in a large health-care system. Methods Our study population was HIV-uninfected adult members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California, a large integrated health-care system, who were not yet using PrEP and had at least 2 years of previous health plan enrolment with at least one outpatient visit from Jan 1, 2007, to Dec 31, 2017. Using 81 electronic health record (EHR) variables, we applied least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to predict incident HIV diagnosis within 3 years on a subset of patients who entered the cohort in 2007–14 (development dataset), assessing ten-fold cross-validated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and 95% CIs. We compared the full model to simpler models including only men who have sex with men (MSM) status and sexually transmitted infection (STI) positivity, testing, and treatment. Models were validated prospectively with data from an independent set of patients who entered the cohort in 2015–17. We computed predicted probabilities of incident HIV diagnosis within 3 years (risk scores), categorised as low risk ( Findings Of 3 750 664 patients in 2007–17 (3 143 963 in the development dataset and 606 701 in the validation dataset), there were 784 incident HIV cases within 3 years of baseline. The LASSO procedure retained 44 predictors in the full model, with an AUC of 0·86 (95% CI 0·85–0·87) for incident HIV cases in 2007–14. Model performance remained high in the validation dataset (AUC 0·84, 0·80–0·89). The full model outperformed simpler models including only MSM status and STI positivity. For the full model, flagging 13 463 (2·2%) patients with high or very high HIV risk scores in the validation dataset identified 32 (38·6%) of the 83 incident HIV cases, including 32 (46·4%) of 69 male cases and none of the 14 female cases. The full model had equivalent sensitivity by race whereas simpler models identified fewer black than white HIV cases. Interpretation Prediction models using EHR data can identify patients at high risk of HIV acquisition who could benefit from PrEP. Future studies should optimise EHR-based HIV risk prediction tools and evaluate their effect on prescription of PrEP. Funding Kaiser Permanente Community Benefit Research Program and the US National Institutes of Health.
Exploration of different classes of metrics to characterize motor variability during repetitive symmetric and asymmetric lifting tasks

The substantial kinematic degrees-of-freedom available in human movement lead to inherent variations in a repetitive movement, or motor variability (MV). Growing evidence suggests that characterizing MV permits a better understanding of potential injury mechanisms. Several diverse methods, though, have been used to quantify MV, but limited evidence exists regarding the merits of these methods in the occupational context. In this work, we explored different classes of methods for characterizing MV during symmetric and asymmetric box lifting tasks. Kinematic MV of both the whole-body center-of-mass (COM) and the box were quantified, using metrics derived from a linear method (Standard Deviation), a non-linear method (Sample Entropy; an index of movement regularity), and a novel application of an equifinality method (Goal Equivalent Manifold; an index related to the set of effective motor solutions). Our results suggest that individuals manipulate regularity and the set of effective motor solutions to overcome unwanted motor noises related to the COM. These results, together with earlier evidence, imply that individuals may prioritize stability over variability with increasing task difficulty. Task performance also appeared to deteriorate with decreasing variability and regularity of the COM. We conclude that diverse metrics of MV may be complimentary to reveal differences in MV.
A Strain-Energy Expression for Thin Cylindrical Shells

Abstract : The strain energy for a thin cylindrical shell was derived by integrating Flugge's expressions for the strains (W. Flugge, Statik und Dynamik der Schalen, Edwards Bros. Inc., Ann Arbor, 1943) and approximating logarithmic terms by expanding in series of ascending powers and neglecting terms above the cubic. The differences from previously obtained expressions in the cubic terms are pointed out. The fundamental disagreements in the previous expressions are discussed.
Evaluation of the effect of a famotidine continuous rate infusion on intragastric pH in healthy dogs.

BACKGROUND Famotidine is sometimes administered as a continuous rate infusion (CRI) to treat gastrointestinal ulceration in critically ill dogs. However, clinical studies have not evaluated the efficacy of a famotidine CRI in dogs. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of famotidine at raising intragastric pH when it is administered as a CRI in dogs. We hypothesized that CRI treatment with famotidine would meet clinical goals for raising intragastric pH ≥3 and 4. ANIMALS Nine healthy Beagle dogs. METHODS Randomized 2-way crossover. All dogs received 1.0 mg/kg IV q12h famotidine or CRI famotidine at 1.0 mg/kg IV loading dose and 8.0 mg/kg/d for 3 consecutive days. Beginning on day 0 of treatment, intragastric pH monitoring was used to continuously record intragastric pH. Mean percentage times (MPTs) for which intragastric pH was ≥3 and ≥4 were compared between groups using analysis of variance. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference (P < .05) in MPT ≥3 and ≥4 between the CRI and IV q12h groups on all treatment days. On days 1, 2, and 3, the MPTs ± SD for which pH was ≥3 were 92.1 ± 8.5, 96.3 ± 6.2, and 90.0 ± 15.7 for the CRI treatment group and 49.3 ± 27.3, 42.2 ± 19.6, and 45.8 ± 10.1, respectively, for the twice-daily group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE These results suggest that a famotidine CRI, but not standard doses of famotidine, achieves the clinical goals established in people to promote healing of gastric tissue injury and offers an alternative to intravenous treatment with proton pump inhibitors in dogs.
Assigning a small agreeable set of indivisible items to multiple players

We consider an assignment problem that has aspects of fair division as well as social choice. In particular, we investigate the problem of assigning a small subset from a set of indivisible items to multiple players so that the chosen subset is agreeable to all players, i.e., every player weakly prefers the chosen subset to any subset of its complement. For an arbitrary number of players, we derive tight upper bounds on the size for which a subset of that size that is agreeable to all players always exists when preferences are monotonic. We then present polynomial-time algorithms that find an agreeable subset of approximately half of the items when there are two or three players and preferences are responsive. Our results translate to a 2-approximation on the individual welfare of every player when preferences are subadditive.
Overlooked and Understudied: Health Consequences of Weight Stigma in Men

Objective A substantial amount of literature has suggested that weight stigma impairs health. Evidence on gender differences in weight stigma has been mixed, but studies of weight stigma within men have been primarily absent from the literature. Methods In two samples of men recruited nationally from across the United States (N = 1,753), participants completed self-report measures assessing their height, weight, demographics, weight stigma (experienced and internalized), psychological well-being (depression), health behaviors (sleep, alcohol, smoking, binge eating, dieting, physical activity), and self-rated health. Results Regression analyses showed that, independent of race, socioeconomic status, and BMI, experienced weight stigma and weight bias internalization among men were associated with poor health, including greater depressive symptoms, increased dieting, lower self-reported health, and increased odds of binge eating. Neither internalized nor experienced weight stigma was consistently associated with physical activity, smoking, drinking, or trouble sleeping. Conclusions These findings suggest that both experienced and internalized weight stigma are associated with several indices of poor health in men. It may be informative for future work to examine how men cope with weight stigma, particularly if certain coping responses to stigma involve behaviors that contribute to poorer health.
Operator-Adapted Wavelets, Fast Solvers, and Numerical Homogenization: From a Game Theoretic Approach to Numerical Approximation and Algorithm Design

Although numerical approximation and statistical inference are traditionally covered as entirely separate subjects, they are intimately connected through the common purpose of making estimations with partial information. This book explores these connections from a game and decision theoretic perspective, showing how they constitute a pathway to developing simple and general methods for solving fundamental problems in both areas. It illustrates these interplays by addressing problems related to numerical homogenization, operator adapted wavelets, fast solvers, and Gaussian processes. This perspective reveals much of their essential anatomy and greatly facilitates advances in these areas, thereby appearing to establish a general principle for guiding the process of scientific discovery. This book is designed for graduate students, researchers, and engineers in mathematics, applied mathematics, and computer science, and particularly researchers interested in drawing on and developing this interface between approximation, inference, and learning.
Preoperative anticoagulation in patients undergoing bariatric surgery is associated with worse outcomes

Management of patients on chronic anticoagulation (AC) in bariatric surgery may present a challenge, as there is a delicate balance between risks of bleeding and thrombotic events, such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare rates of bleeding, thrombotic events, and outcomes of patients on preoperative AC during bariatric surgery. The MBSAQIP data sets for 2015 and 2016 was used to identify all patients undergoing adjustable gastric banding (AGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Clinical outcomes included length of stay, 30-day readmission, 30-day reoperations and interventions, perioperative and 30-day death events, need for transfusion, PE, and DVT. Following univariate analysis, multivariable logistic regression models and generalized linear regression model for a negative binomial distributed count outcomes were used after adjusting for surgery type and other factors related to each outcome. There were 269,243 records extracted, as there were 6541 (2.43%) patients on preoperative AC. Rates of transfusion, DVT, and PE were 0.67%, 0.18%, and 0.11%. Following multivariable logistic regression, patients with preoperative AC had higher risks of bleeding and DVT (OR 2.7, 95% CI 2.3–3.3, p-value < 0.0001 and OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.9–4, p-value < 0.0001, respectively). In addition, patients with pre-op AC had a higher risk of 30-day readmission (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.9–2.3, p < 0.0001)/reoperation (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2–1.7, p < 0.0001)/reintervention (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.8–2.4, p < 0.0001), mortality (OR 2.9, 95% CI 2.04–4.069, p < 0.0001), and longer LOS (ratio 1.2, 95% CI 1.199–1.241, p < 0.0001). Patients with preoperative AC had worse postoperative outcomes. Bariatric surgeons should be aware of the increased morbidity and mortality, and care must be taken to improve outcomes through close attention to postoperative AC protocols in this group of patients.
Impacts of Wide Band Gap Power Electronics on Photovoltaic System Design

The emergence of electrical conversion technologies utilizing silicon carbide and gallium nitride switches and diodes will enable the development of a whole new class of efficient, lightweight, and reliable power electronics based on wide band gap semiconductors for photovoltaic (PV) systems. This article presents the results of a study to model the value proposition of these devices when they are used in dc–ac inverters, medium voltage dc–dc converters, as well as solid state breakers and transformers. The conclusions illustrate the beneficial impact on energy generation, operation and maintenance, plant architecture simplification, and associated reduction in capital cost and levelized cost of electricity that these new solid state devices will enable for the future PV system developer.
The immunologic features of patients with early-onset and polyautoimmunity

Inflammatory conditions are increasingly described in patients with primary immunodeficiencies; however, little is known about the prevalence of immune defects in patients who present first with autoimmunity. We describe the immunologic features of children with early-onset/polyautoimmunity followed in the Multiple Autoimmunity and Immunodeficiency (MAID) Clinic, where patients are co-managed by rheumatologists and immunologists. The most common autoimmune manifestations were cytopenias, lymphoproliferation, and colitis. Recurrent infections were noted in 65% of patients. Abnormalities in lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulins were common. A pathogenic variant was identified in 19% of patients, and 2 novel inherited disorders were discovered. Additionally, 42% of patients had treatment changes implemented in the MAID clinic. By evaluating this unique cohort of patients, we report on the immunologic underpinning of early-onset/polyautoimmunity. The high rate of genetic diagnoses and treatment interventions in this population highlights the value of collaboration between rheumatologists and immunologists in the care of these complex patients.
A Review of Applications of Formal Specification in Safety-Critical System Development

Since the advent of the computer and computer programming there have been many attempts to improve the quality of the software systems developed. At various stages in this evolution of development techniques, processes, and methodologies, a review of the current trend in software development is conducted. One such current trend is in the realm of safety-critical system development. Safety-critical systems are characterized by the resulting potential of harm to or loss of life if such systems should fail during operation. A strategy applied in developing such systems is the use of formal specification techniques. Formal specification techniques are the application of rigorous techniques to assess the correctness of system design. The use of formal specification techniques in safety-critical system development has been in place for a number of decades and there have been multiple reviews and comparisons of the successful and failed application of formal specification techniques. This report reviews examples of the application of formal specification techniques in a number of application domains, with a focus on the types of error detection and correction associated with the particular technique. The benefit of this work is towards the assessment of the suitable of a specific formal specification technique with a particular problem domain.
Life Satisfaction in Time Orientation

Time orientation influences people’s perception and evaluation of a situation. Satisfaction in the present life and the future life is likely to be affected by one’s time orientation. Using samples of 1829 middle-aged Americans, this study examined the association between individuals’ time orientation and satisfaction with life in general as well as with their financial situation. In this study, we created the future-to-current ratio to assess a person’s relative time orientation tendency between future time orientation and present time orientation. The results indicated that respondents with a higher tendency of holding future time orientation exhibited greater life satisfaction and financial satisfaction of the present. A higher tendency of holding future time orientation also predicted a higher life satisfaction and financial satisfaction of the future. The findings of the study emphasize having a future time orientation is important with regard to well-being.
Increasing Accessibility Through Inclusive Instruction and Design

Some instructional methods have unintended consequences for students with disabilities. Inclusive curricula and classroom instruction are necessary to provide full access to all students in health science programs. Utilizing the framework and basic principles of universal design in education, we explore strengths and barriers associated with the most commonly utilized instructional methods and offer guidance for improving instruction for all students. Instructional methods discussed include active learning in lectures, the flipped classroom model, problem-based learning, and peer-assisted learning. In addition, we propose that instruction in the science of learning should be included in health science program curricula. Practical strategies are presented to help recruit faculty allies, assist stakeholders in advocating for more inclusive health science program instruction, and remove barriers to full inclusion.
Optimal time-varying postural control in a single-link neuromechanical model with feedback latencies

Maintaining balance during quiet standing is a challenging task for the neural control mechanisms due to the inherent instabilities involved in the task. The feedback latencies and the lowpass characteristics of skeletal muscle add to the difficulty of regulating postural dynamics in real-time. Inverted-pendulum (IP) type robotic models have served as a popular paradigm to investigate control of postural balance. In this study, an in-depth neuromechanical postural control model is developed from physiological principles. The model comprises a single-segment IP robotic model, Hill-type muscle model, and proprioceptive feedback from the muscle spindle (MS) and golgi tendon organ (GTO). An optimal proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is proposed to realize effective postural control amid latencies in sensory feedback. The neural commands for postural stabilization are generated by a time-varying PID controller, tuned using linear quadratic regulator (LQR) principles. Computer simulations are used to assess the efficacy of the tuned PID-LQR controller. Sensitivity analysis of the controlled system shows a delay tolerance of 300ms. Preliminary empirical data in support of the mathematical model were obtained from perturbation experiments. The model response to perturbation torque, measured in terms of the center of mass (COM) excursion in the anterior-posterior (AP) direction, displays a high degree of correlation with the empirical data ( $$\rho =0.91$$ ).
Dietary Supplementation of Extra Virgin Olive Oil in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction is Associated with Increases in Cardiorespiratory Fitness

Introduction Prevalence of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) is increasing worldwide, without effective therapies to reduce morbidity and mortality. Supplementation of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a powerful primary prevention strategy against major cardiovascular events, but its effect on secondary prevention in HFpEF is unknown. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), measured by peak oxygen consumption (VO2) on cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), is a strong prognostic marker in HFpEF and increases in peak VO2 are linked to reductions in mortality. Our aim was to assess the effect of EVOO supplementation on measures of CRF in patients with HFpEF. Methods Nine consecutive patients were enrolled in the UFA-Preserved trial (NCT03310099), a dietitian-led 12-week pilot trial supplementing unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) rich foods, such as EVOO, in patients with HFpEF. Five-pass 24-hour dietary recalls were performed at baseline, 4, 8 and 12 week visits and analyzed with Nutrition Data Systems for Research (NDSR) software. Intake of EVOO in grams (g) was averaged across the 4, 8 and 12 week visits and average change from baseline was calculated. Peak VO2(mL.kg.min−1) and percent predicted value (% peak VO2) were measured with maximal CPET at baseline and 12 weeks along with oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES). Relationships between variables were analyzed with Spearman's rank test. Results are presented as median and interquartile range (IQR). Results Five subjects were female (56%) with a median age of 56 (50- 59) years. Baseline peak VO2 was 14.7 mL.kg.min−1 (11.3-22.1), % peak VO2 was 51.4 (43.8-59.4) and OUES was 1.87 (1.46-2.39). There was no EVOO intake on baseline dietary recalls, an increase in daily EVOO +23.6 g (12.0-47.6) (p=0.012) was observed between baseline and 12 weeks. EVOO consumption was significantly associated with positive improvements in peak VO2 (r=+0.850, p=0.004), % peak VO2 (r=+0.850, p=0.004), and OUES (r=+0.733,p=0.025) (Figure 1, panels A-C). Conclusion Dietary EVOO supplementation results in increased CRF in patients with HFpEF with no EVOO baseline intake. Further studies are warranted to confirm this finding and establish a basis for testing the effect of EVOO on CRF as well as major cardiovascular outcomes and to explore these effects across differing baseline intakes of EVOO.
Emergency department methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nare screen effect on pneumonia treatment duration.

Abstract Study objective The objective of this study was to determine if performing a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal screen in the emergency department (ED) decreased general medicine patient exposure to anti-MRSA antibiotics for pneumonia. Methods This was a single-center, retrospective study evaluating patients who had a diagnosis of pneumonia and were initiated on anti-MRSA therapy (vancomycin or linezolid) in the ED and subsequently admitted to a general medicine floor. Patients were divided into two groups: 1) did not receive a MRSA nares screen in the ED (No MRSA screen group) or 2) received a MRSA nares screen in the ED (MRSA screen group). The primary outcome was anti-MRSA antibiotic duration. Secondary outcomes included vancomycin level evaluation, hospital survival, and acute kidney injury. Results Of the 116 patients included, 37 patients received a MRSA nares screen in the ED and 79 patients did not. Median duration of antibiotic exposure was similar for both groups (No MRSA screen, 30.5 h [interquartile range (IQR) 20.5–52.5] vs. MRSA screen, 24.5 h [IQR 20.6–40.3]; p = 0.28). Of patients who were screened, 35 were negative and 2 were positive. Secondary outcomes were similar. Conclusion Performing a MRSA nares screen in the ED for patients diagnosed with pneumonia, initiated on anti-MRSA antibiotics, and admitted to a general medicine floor did not decrease duration of anti-MRSA antibiotics. At this time, ED providers do not need to consider a MRSA nasal screen in the ED for patients being admitted to general medicine, although larger studies could be considered.
La extracción de la piedra de la memoria. Una estética subalterna bajo el franquismo: el caso del cantero José Meijón

This article offers a case study after the works by mason Jose Meijon, an artist subjected to psychiatric discipline that, during fifty years, developed a fascinating project over the stones around the town of Marin (Pontevedra, Galicia). His invisible art represents today a telling testimony of the repression under Francisco Franco's dictatorship and of the problems related to the Spanish Civil War's memories. I will defend a possible reconstruction of Meijon's artistic corpus and a number of reading strategies to offer a comprehension of his work in relation to authoritarian developmentalist politics between 1931 and 1980. In order to do so, I will display Meijon's biography and oral legend in relation to his works and to the social and cultural space from which they originate. My goal is to offer a comprehensive reading taking into account history, biography, aesthetics and the space as a whole. In section two, I will present a short political history of Marin's territory and its transformations since the Spanish Civil War, to provide a general frame for Meijon's art. Section three, interrogates his art in relation to the local prehistoric engravers that he explicitly quotes, updating their codes in terms of avant-garde aesthetics. By means of this gesture, Meijon is organizing a memorial writing for the rich religious (protestant) and political (working-class and Republican) local democratic universe, destroyed during the war. Finally, I am interested in focusing political tensions that Meijon’s works arise today face to our so-called processes for the recovering of historical memory.
The Incidence and Significance of Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposits in Histologic Examinations of Total Hip, Knee, and Shoulder Joint Arthroplasties.

CONTEXT.— The incidence, distribution, and significance of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition (CPPD) disease have not been extensively compared among various total joint resections. OBJECTIVE.— To investigate and define the clinical and pathologic features of CPPD in hip, shoulder, and knee arthroplasties. DESIGN.— We retrospectively reviewed consecutive total hip, knee, and shoulder arthroplasty cases (N = 3195) confirmed pathologically between January 1, 2017, and October 10, 2018, comparing clinical and pathologic data. RESULTS.— Among 2004 hip arthroplasties, 61 (3%) had CPPD on pathologic examination; the majority had a histologic diagnosis of osteoarthritis, followed by fracture and avascular necrosis. Of 1113 knee arthroplasties, 98 (9%) had CPPD; all had a histologic diagnosis of osteoarthritis. Among 78 shoulder arthroplasties, 10 (13%) had CPPD; all but one had a histologic diagnosis of osteoarthritis. Patients with hip and knee CPPD were significantly older than those without CPPD. Of the 169 pathologically detected CPPD cases, only 35 (21%) were documented on preoperative radiologic images or by other clinical means; radiology reports were significantly more likely to document chondrocalcinosis in the knees than in the hips. Histologically, CPPD was noted almost exclusively in the separately submitted soft tissues/joint capsule, concomitantly involving the articular cartilage surface in only 3.0% (5 of 169) of cases. CONCLUSIONS.— Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition is more than twice as likely to occur in the knees and shoulders compared with the hips. Patients with CPPD in the knees or hips are usually not recognized preoperatively/radiologically and constitute a significantly older population. Reliably establishing the diagnosis of CPPD requires pathologic examination of the submitted soft tissue/joint capsule.
Confirming Profiles of Comorbid Psychological Symptoms in Urban Youth: Exploring Gender Differences and Trait Mindfulness

Prior work has identified the need for replication of psychological research; however, validation efforts are rare. The purpose of the current study was to confirm latent profiles of comorbid psychological symptoms in an urban adolescent sample and examine differences in gender and trait mindfulness across these profiles. Cross-sectional data from 201 eighth grade students (63% female; Mage = 13.24; 86% Black) across nine Baltimore City public middle schools were analyzed. Confirmatory latent profile analyses showed that the previously-identified 3-profile solution with boundary constraints was the best fit for the data, and significant sex and trait mindfulness differences were identified. The current study supports the need for future replication studies using this methodology to improve theory and targeted interventions.
Exploring the Dynamics and Challenges of Congregational Size

This article explores several dimensions of the current realities of size in US congregations. Drawing on the Faith Communities Today 2020 national research effort, the differences between various ...
Protein Structure-Function Relationships of T4 Lysozyme in an Advanced Biochemistry Laboratory

The relationship between protein structure and function is a fundamental concept in biochemistry, but one that students do not often have a chance to directly test. To illustrate this relationship ...
Electrodeposition of copper from cuprous cyanide electrolyte: I. Current distribution on a stationary disk

Abstract A model is developed to simulate electrodeposition of copper onto a rotating disk electrode from cuprous cyanide electrolyte used for strike plating of copper. The effects of multiple electrode reactions, homogeneous complexation equilibria, and mass transport by diffusion, migration, and convection are considered. The model elucidates the influence of solution composition, transport properties, kinetic constants, and convective flow on current distribution and polarization characteristics. Except at extremely low rotation rates (e.g.
TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE MUTATION IN PARAMECIUM AURELIA. II. MODIFICATION OF THE MUTATION FREQUENCY BY PRE-AND POSTIRRADIATION CONDITIONS

Abstract The effect of various pre- and postirradiation conditions on the yield of temperature-sensitive ( ts ) and ordinary lethal mutations is described, and compared with the results of earlier work in Paramecium aurelia . Certain conditions, such as stage in the division or growth cycle, streptomycin treatment, and postirradiation starvation, affect the yield of ts and ordinary lethals in the same way, and these are the conditions that might be expected to influence mutation fixation through repair of premutational damage. With clonal age, and under similar conditions, there appears to be a conversion of temperature-sensitive mutations into lethal mutations, a conversion which might be expected from the different physiological changes occurring in aging paramecia.
Preparation of antimicrobial compounds by hydrolysis of oleuropein from green olives.

Oleuropein, an intensely bitter glucoside, was isolated from green olives. Hydrolysis products obtained from oleuropein in sufficient quantity for further tests were: (i) β-3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyl alcohol prepared by acid hydrolysis of oleuropein; (ii) elenolic acid obtained by methanolysis of oleuropein, isolation of the intermediate acetal, and subsequent acid hydrolysis; and (iii) oleuropein aglycone formed by the action of β-glucosidase on the parent glucoside. Mass spectral verification of the isolated compounds and ultraviolet absorption data are given. Oleuropein and its aglycone had similar threshold levels for detection of bitterness, whereas elenolic acid and β-3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyl alcohol were not judged to be bitter.
Sod2 overexpression preserves myoblast mitochondrial mass and function, but not muscle mass with aging.

Summary Mice lacking superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2 or MnSOD) die during embryonic or early neonatal development, with diffuse superoxide-induced mitochondrial damage. Although stem and progenitor cells are exquisitely sensitive to oxidant stress, they have not been well studied in MnSOD2-manipulated mouse models. Patterns of proliferation and differentiation of cultured myoblasts (muscle progenitor cells), PI3-Akt signaling during differentiation, and the maintenance of mitochondrial mass with aging using myoblasts from young (3–4 week old) and aged (27–29 months old) MnSOD2-overexpressing (Sod2-Tg) and heterozygote (Sod2+/−) mice were characterized by us. Overexpression of MnSOD2 in myoblasts had a protective effect on mitochondrial DNA abundance and some aspects of mitochondrial function with aging, and preservation of differentiation potential. Sod2 deficiency resulted in defective signaling in the PI3-Akt pathway, specifically impaired phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 and Thr308 in young myoblasts, and decreased differentiation potential. Compared with young myoblasts, aged myoblast Akt was constitutively phosphorylated, unresponsive to mitogen signaling, and indifferent to MnSOD2 levels. These data suggest that specific sites in the PI3K-Akt pathway are more sensitive to increased superoxide levels than to the increased hydrogen peroxide levels generated in Sod2-transgenic myoblasts. In wild-type myoblasts, aging was associated with significant loss of mitochondrial DNA relative to chromosomal DNA, but MnSOD2 overexpression was associated with maintained myoblast mitochondrial DNA with aging.
Peak Oil and the Narrative Construction of Unmarked Identities

Resource depletion is usually an ecological or economic issue, but I approach interpretations of peak oil as the interplay between local and cultural knowledge during narrative identity construction. I examine two internet resource depletion blogs finding that bloggers compete for narrative control using identity unmarkers. Identity unmarkers are taken for granted understandings of normativity. I call this process narrative unmarking. I discuss four identity unmarkers that play on everyday sentiments of normativity: doing something, doing rationality, making plausible insights, and proposing solutions.
An approach to synchronize redundant flight critical computers using cross channel data links

The progress of an ongoing research and development project is presented in this technical note. The emerging concept of the scalable integrated flight control computers initiates the development of a redundancy management system operating in tandem with the host platform. The concept of such a device is realized in the hardware design of a frame based redundancy management system that incorporates a high speed cross channel data link. The device utilizes a programmable clock to synchronize the processes in lanes of the host redundant system. The recent accomplishment of the research is a newly developed methodology to model the operation between the host platform and the frame based redundancy management system. The methodology employs a modified Petri net to model the synchronized operation. The ranked positional weight method is implemented in an expert system to evaluate the robustness of the operation, such that an optimal cycle time of the developed redundancy management system can be identified.
FLEXURAL CAPACITY OF GLASS FRP STRENGTHENED CONCRETE MASONRY WALLS

Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) can provide a strengthening alternative for unreinforced and underreinforced masonry. The ease with which FRP can be installed on the exterior of a masonry wall makes this form of strengthening attractive to the owner, considering both reduced installation cost and down time of the occupied structure. Six unreinforced concrete masonry walls (four at 1.8 m tall and two at 4.7 m tall) were tested in out-of-plane flexure up to capacity. The walls were strengthened with glass FRP composite composed of unidirectional E-glass fabric with an epoxy matrix. The composite was adhered to the surface of the masonry using the same epoxy with the fibers oriented perpendicular to the bed joints. General flexural strength design equations are presented and compared with the results of the testing. It was found that the equations overpredicted the actual capacity of the test specimens by no more than 20%.