cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Ecology of Freshwater Molluscs

This book provides a comprehensive review of the ecology of freshwater bivalves and gastropods worldwide. It deals with the ecology of these species in its broadest sense, including diet, habitat and reproductive biology, emphasising in particular the tremendous diversity of these freshwater invertebrates. Following on from these introductory themes, the author develops a life history model that unifies them, and serves as a basis for reviews of their population and community ecology, including treatments of competition, predation, parasitism and biogeography. Extensively referenced and providing a synthesis of work from the nineteenth century onwards, this book includes original analyses that seek to unify previous work into a coherent whole. It will appeal primarily to professional ecologists and evolutionary biologists, as well as to parasitologists.
New "starting points" for resources by subject.

The objective of the Starting Points Web page series at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UT HSC) Libraries is to provide specialized information resources in an organized online format. Highlighted resources include databases, journals, UT HSC campus information, funding sources, PubMed® RSS article feeds, and information about professional associations. This paper discusses the development process, planning, challenges, and outcomes of the Starting Points series.
Insulin resistance, lipodystrophy and cardiometabolic syndrome in HIV/AIDS

HIV associated insulin resistance, lipodistrophy and cardiometabolic syndrome have been extensively studied and continue to be the scope of much research. There is compelling evidence that both the HIV itself and the therapeutical regimes are major contributors to all of these associated comorbidities. HIV has increasingly been recognized as a disease of accelerated aging, manifested by increased progression of vascular disease and cellular markers of aging. The antiretroviral medication can increase insulin resistance and cause lipotoxocity and HIV-associated lipodystrophy leading to cardiovascular pathology. In this article we review the pathogenesis, management, and prevention of the long-term complications of HIV and its therapies, including cardiovascular disease, lipodystrophy, and insulin resistance along with the growing focus on biomarkers to predict development of end-organ disease. Through a focused literature search we review the established evidence, the developing research about the treatment strategies in treated HIV infection as well as identify potential areas for future research.
Left posterior temporal regions are sensitive to auditory categorization

Recent studies suggest that the left superior temporal gyrus and sulcus (LSTG/S) play a role in speech perception, although the precise function of these areas remains unclear. Here, we test the hypothesis that regions in the LSTG/S play a role in the categorization of speech phonemes, irrespective of the acoustic properties of the sounds and prior experience of the listener with them. We examined changes in functional magnetic resonance imaging brain activation related to a perceptual shift from nonphonetic to phonetic analysis of sine-wave speech analogs. Subjects performed an identification task before scanning and a discrimination task during scanning with phonetic (P) and nonphonetic (N) sine-wave sounds, both before (Pre) and after (Post) being exposed to the phonetic properties of the P sounds. Behaviorally, experience with the P sounds induced categorical identification of these sounds. In the PostP > PreP and PostP > PostN contrasts, an area in the posterior LSTG/S was activated. For both P and N sounds, the activation in this region was correlated with the degree of categorical identification in individual subjects. The results suggest that these areas in the posterior LSTG/S are sensitive neither to the acoustic properties of speech nor merely to the presence of phonetic information, but rather to the listener's awareness of category representations for auditory inputs.
Vermont's Catamount Health: a roadmap for health care reform?

Vermont’s new health reform program was enacted under a Republican governor in a state with a Democrat-controlled legislature. It thus serves as an intriguing approach to resolving political differences in health care. James Maxwell’s interview of Vermont governor Jim Douglas provides background and insight on these reforms. I build on the interview, focusing on what changed between the 2005 reform failure and the passage of the new reforms. Key to the reform’s political success was the recognition by both sides that it focused on issues of bipartisan concern: cost control through the effective management and prevention of disease.
The large strain compression, tension, and simple shear of polycarbonate

Polymeric materials subjected to large strains undergo an evolution in molecular orientation. The developing orientation and corresponding strengthening are highly dependent on the state of strain. In this paper, we examine and compare the very different stress-strain results of polycarbonate produced from four types of mechanical testing: uniaxial compression, plane strain compression, uniaxial tension, and simple shear. These tests produce different states of orientation within the material and, in the case of simple shear, the principle axes of orientation rotate during the deformation. The ability of the recent constitutive model of Anuda and Boyce (1992) to predict the observed behavior is evaluated. The model has been incorporated into a finite element code in order to properly simulate the material behavior during the inhomogeneous deformations of tension (cold drawing) and simple shear. The material properties of the model are obtained from the uniaxial compression test and the model is then found to be truly predictive of the other states of deformation demonstrating its fully three dimensional capability. The disadvantages of the tensile and simple shear tests for obtaining the data needed to accurately quantify the large strain material behavior of polymers are shown and discussed.
Study of the earthquake response of the base-isolated law and justice center in Rancho Cucamonga

The recorded earthquake response of a base-isolated building—the Foothill Communities Law and Justice Center in Rancho Cucamonga—shaken by the 1985 Redlands earthquake (ML 4–8) is discussed and analysed by employing system identification techniques. The calculated response of one-dimensional and three-dimensional linear structural models is fitted to the recorded motions of the superstructure using the ‘modal minimization method’ for structural identification, in order to determine optimal estimates of the parameters of the dominant modes of the building. Simple one-dimensional analyses are used to identify also the effective values of key parameters (e.g. damping) of the isolation system. Furthermore, the recorded motions obtained from the densely instrumented foundation (i.e. below the isolation bearings) of the structure and from the free-field station located 330 ft from the building show how the presence of the structure affects the incoming seismic waves. It is observed that the transverse component of motion (i.e. the component which is perpendicular to the long dimension of the plan of the building) is affected by the presence of the structure considerably more than the longitudinal component. Factors contributing to this effect are the extreme length of the structure (414 ft) and the rotational motions of the superstructure caused by the spatial variability of ground motion. It is pointed out that, despite the fact that the shift in the effective frequency of the structure induced by the isolation was very small, the elastomeric bearings were very effective in reducing the accelerations transmitted to the structure. This is attributed to the damping capacity of the isolation. Based on the observed response of the building to this small earthquake it can be stated with confidence that the structure performed according to expectations.
Introducing a metal-metal multiply bonded group as an "axial ligand" to iron: synthetic design of a linear Cr-Cr...Fe framework.

In natural systems, reactivity of iron is regulated by interactions with axial donor ligands. We have designed a new synthetic route to a novel iron complex, CrCrFe(dpa)4Cl2 (1, dpa = 2,2‘-dipyridylamide), that features axial interactions between the Fe atom and a coaxial Cr−Cr quadruply bonded group. This linear Cr−Cr···Fe complex has been characterized by X-ray crystallography in two distinct crystal forms, as well as by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, UV−vis and IR spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility, which firmly establish the presence of a high-spin Fe(II) ion in 1. Redox properties of the Fe(II) ion in this unique coordination environment have been probed by cyclic voltammetry, where we observe that 1 is significantly easier to oxidize than corresponding iron complexes having axial N-donor ligands. This observation leads us to propose that the electron-rich Cr−Cr quadruply bonded unit may act as an “axial ligand” to the Fe atom in 1.
Observation of the nuclear acoustic resonance of hydrogen in NbH/sub 0. 026/

Nuclear acoustic resonance of interstitial solute hydrogen has been observed in a single crystal of the transition metal niobium at 300 K and 49 kG. The resonance line has a demagnetization-dominated width of 0.4 G and a negative Knight shift of (8 +- 4) ppm.
An optoelectronic motion-sensing eye blink detector

A noninvasive eye blink detector can be built at low cost from a Sprague optoelectronic motion detection module, a voltage level detector, and a tone burst generator. The blink detector triggers reliably when used to detect motion appearing on the video monitor of a videotape recorder.
Early impacts of biological control on canopy cover and water use of the invasive saltcedar tree (Tamarix spp.) in western Nevada, USA

The success of biological control programs is rarely assessed beyond population level impacts on the target organism. The question of whether a biological control agent can either partially or completely restore ecosystem services independent of population level control is therefore still open to discussion. Using observational and experimental approaches, we investigated the ability of the saltcedar leaf beetle [Diorhabda carinulata (Brulle) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)] to reduce the water use of saltcedar trees (Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.) in two sites (Humboldt and Walker Rivers) in Nevada, USA. At these sites D. carinulata defoliated the majority of trees within 25 and 9 km, respectively, of the release location within 3 years. At the Humboldt site, D. carinulata reduced the canopy cover of trees adjacent to the release location by >90%. At a location 4 km away during the first year of defoliation, D. carinulata reduced peak (August) stem water use by 50−70% and stand transpiration (July to late September) by 75% (P = 0.052). There was, however, no reduction in stem water use and stand transpiration during the second year of defoliation due to reduced beetle abundances at that location. At the Walker site, we measured stand evapotranspiration (ET) in the center of a large saltcedar stand and found that ET was highest immediately prior to D. carinulata arrival, dropped dramatically with defoliation, and remained low through the subsequent 2 years of the study. In contrast, near the perimeter of the stand, D. carinulata did not reduce sap flow, partly because of low rates of defoliation but also because of increased water use per unit leaf area in response to defoliation. Taken together, our results provide evidence that in the early stages of population expansion D. carinulata can lead to substantial declines in saltcedar water use. The extent of these declines varies spatially and temporally and is dependent on saltcedar compensatory responses along with D. carinulata population dynamics and patterns of dispersal.
Submarine erosion on a gentle paleoslope: a study of two discontinuities in the New York Devonian

Two diastems in the King Ferry Shale Member (Ludlowville Formation) are the result of local submarine erosion. These discontinuities, traceable from the Cayuga Valley to Seneca Lake, are marked by bioencrusted hiatus-concretions, and both diastems display westward erosional overstep of underlying beds. Hiatus-concretions show complex sequential histories of in situ formation, exhumation, and biodegradation. Activity of bottom organisms influenced erosion; substrate modification by infauna acted to trigger or accelerate sediment loss in a low energy setting. Both diasterns are developed along a depth related paleoenvironmental gradient; submarine erosion in this area is controlled, in part, by the presence of a gentle northwest dipping paleoslope. Juxtaposition of three conditions: bioturbation of surface muds, episodic wave or current impingement on these muds, and substrate inclination resulted in local sea floor erosion through a process of downslope sediment transport and dispersion. King Ferry diastems are termed stratomictic. Stratomictic discontinuities are erosional breaks which lack discrete hiatal surfaces due to vertical sediment mixing by infauna. They include several other examples from the New York Devonian and probably have analogs in numerous sedimentary sequences world-wide.
Enhanced sensitivity to oxide surface defects using Auger-photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy

Abstract We present Auger-photoelectron coincidence (APECS) spectra of the Ti 3p core level obtained in coincidence with Ti M 2.3 VV Auger electrons from the stoichiometric and vacuum annealed TiO 2 (110) surfaces. For both surfaces, emission corresponding to reduced oxidation states has approximately an order of magnitude greater relative intensity in the coincidence spectrum as compared with the corresponding ordinary (singles) photoemission spectrum. We associate the excess coincidence signal from the stoichiometric surface with previously undetected residual defects. The origins and implications of the enhanced sensitivity of APECS to defects at oxide surfaces is discussed.
Medullary effects of nicotine and GABA on tracheal smooth muscle tone

Abstract Airway tone can be modulated centrally by the brain as well as by peripheral receptors. In part these changes in airway caliber seem to be secondary to changes in respiratory activity. Since structures near the ventrolateral medullary surface (VMS) can produce profound effects on respiration, it seems reasonable to believe that they might also be capable of modifying tracheal tone. In this study we examined the effects of two agents with respect to their action on tracheal tone; nicotine, a respiratory stimulant when applied to VMS, and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), a respiratory depressant when similarly administered. In chloralose anesthetized, paralyzed, artificially ventilated cats, tracheal tone was assessed by measuring pressure changes in a rostral bypassed of the trachea, while phrenic nerve activity was examined simultaneously. Nicotine administered on the intermediate area of the VMS both before and after carotid sinus denervation increased phrenic activity and induced constriction of the rostral tracheal segment. The response to nicotine could be blocked by application of a nicotine antagonist, hexamethonium, or prior local administration of lidocaine to the VMS. Activation of GABAergic receptors by application of GABA on the intermediate area of the VMS markedly reduced respiratory activity and nearly abolished the increased tracheal tone produced by inhalation of 7% CO 2 in O 2 . The effects of GABA were eliminated by the prior administration to the VMS of bicuculline, a GABA receptor antagonist. These results indicate that structures located on the ventral surface of the medulla which affect breating may also play a significant role in the regulation of airway smooth muscle tone.
Does third-party trade reduce conflict? Credible signaling versus opportunity costs

The study of trade and conflict has largely focused on dyadic interdependence, or trade within discrete pairs of states. Yet, states may also be indirectly interdependent, by way of trade to third parties. This paper examines the influence of third-party trade on dyadic conflict initiation. I argue that certain structures of trade provide economically invested third parties with (1) an incentive to discourage dyadic conflict between a potential initiator and a potential target, and (2) the means to show disapproval of conflict by sending trade-based signals of resolve. The argument thus emphasizes the ability of third parties to introduce novel ex post information into bargaining dynamics, causing potential aggressors to reconsider their conflict strategies. Empirical analysis shows that, in fact, when a given dyad shares the sort of trade structures that enable costly signaling by third parties, the probability of conflict initiation declines substantially. In contrast, when third-party trade merely incr...
The role of student volunteers in door-to-door hypertension screening.

This study was part of a continuing effort to develop a community-based approach to health care. Student volunteers in seventh- and ninth-grade health classes were trained to take blood pressure measurements and then conduct door-to-door screening for hypertension. One group of student volunteers within each grade level screened households surrounding the school they attended (low-convenience condition), while another group of volunteers screened households adjacent to their own homes (high-convenience condition). The results from these screening methods were compared with the results obtained from a central-site neighborhood screening center. Chisquare tests on the proportion of households screened indicated that the high convenience door-to-door screening method was significantly more effective than either the low-convenience door-to-door method or the central-site screening method. The latter two methods were not statistically different from each other. Both seventh and ninth graders screened significantly more households in the high-convenience condition than in the low-convenience condition. Ninth graders were superior to seventh graders in the high-convenience, but not in the low-convenience, condition.
Elevated basal estradiol levels have no negative prognosis in young women undergoing ART cycles

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between serum estradiol levels on day 2 of an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycle and the chance of pregnancy and implantation rates according to age. Two hundred and forty-eight cycles of IVF—ET in patients treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) were divided into several groups according to the basal serum concentrations of estradiol (E2): A 100 pg/ml. Furthermore, the patients were subdivided into two subgroups according to age: I, younger; and II, older than 35 years. Pregnancy and implantation rates were analyzed for each subgroup according to basal E2 level and age. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance, χ2 and Fisher's test. The number(s) of cycles for each subgroup were 164 and 84 for I and II, respectively. Even though there were no sig...
The viability of corporate social responsibility reporting provisions in trade agreements

Many recent free trade agreements (FTAs) have included provisions to address social and environmental conditions; however, the language relating to these issues is usually weak and general in nature. The inclusion of such provisions can be a contentious and complicated process. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the potential of CSR reporting as a new resource that could be used in addressing some of the social environmental controversies associated with FTAs. The viability of CSR reporting within future FTAs is assessed by interviews with trade representatives from each country in North and South America. The interviews provide insight as to the potential of using CSR reporting to address social and environmental concerns in FTAs. This paper brings awareness of CSR reporting as a market–based resource that could have policy implications for negotiations relating to how social and environmental issues are addressed in future FTAs.
Discreteness criteria and the hyperbolic geometry of palindromes

We consider non-elementary representations of two generator free groups in PSL(2;C), not necessarily discrete or free, G = hA;Bi. A word in A and B, W (A;B), is a palindrome if it reads the same forwards and backwards. A word in a free group is primitive if it is part of a minimal generating set. Primitive elements of the free group on two generators can be identied with the positive rational numbers. We study the geometry of palindromes and the action of G in H3 whether or not G is discrete. We show that there is a core geodesic L in the convex hull of the limit set of G and use it to prove three results: the rst is that there are well dened maps from the non- negative rationals and from the primitive elements to L; the second is that G is geometrically nite if and only if the axis of every non-parabolic palindromic word in G intersects L in a compact interval; the third is a description of the relation of the pleating locus of the convex hull boundary to the core geodesic and to palindromic elements.
Standardisation of mycotoxin sampling procedures: an urgent necessity

Abstract A mycotoxin sampling plan is defined by the mycotoxin test procedure (sample size, sample preparation method, and analytical method) and the accept/reject limit. Because of the variability associated with each step of the mycotoxin test procedure, the true mycotoxin concentration of a bulk lot cannot be determined with 100% certainty. As a result, some lots will be misclassified by the sampling program. Some good lots will be rejected by the sampling plan (seller’s risk or false positives) and some bad lots will be accepted by the sampling plan (buyer’s risk or false negatives). The magnitude of these risks is directly related to the magnitude of the variability associated with the mycotoxin test procedure. It is difficult for an exporter to have an effective control program when regulatory limits and sample designs differ greatly among trading countries. In order to facilitate trade and provide protection for the consumer, it would be desirable for all trading countries to have the same mycotoxin limits and sample plan. While standardization of sampling plans among trading nations is important, any standardised sampling plan must be designed to minimize both the seller’s and buyer’s risks to the lowest possible levels that resources will allow. Reducing the variability of the mycotoxin test procedure will reduce both the buyer’s and seller’s risks. It is important to understand the sources of error in the mycotoxin test procedure so the errors can be effectively reduced. The sampling step usually is the largest source of error due to the extreme mycotoxin distribution among kernels in the lot. As an example, sampling (5 kg), sample preparation (USDA subsampling mill and 250 g subsample), and analysis (TLC) accounted for 83%, 9%, and 8% of the total aflatoxin testing error, respectively, when testing raw shelled peanuts for aflatoxin. Examples are given to show how increasing sample size reduces sampling error; increasing the fineness of grind and using larger subsamples reduces sample preparation error, and increasing the number of aliquots analyzed and using improved technology (HPLC versus TLC) decreases analytical error. International organizations such as FAO/WHO have used scientific techniques to evaluate and design aflatoxin sampling plans for raw shelled peanuts traded in the export market.
Disruption of protein phosphatase 2A subunit interaction in human cancers with mutations in the Aα subunit gene

Disruption of protein phosphatase 2A subunit interaction in human cancers with mutations in the Aα subunit gene
Vasopressin administered with epinephrine is associated with a return of a pulse in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Abstract Objective: Recent data suggest that using vasopressin in combination with epinephrine (adrenaline) may improve treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. This study examined local experience with the combination of epinephrine and vasopressin administration. Methods: Data were obtained from an urban, municipal emergency medical service that does not include vasopressin in its formulary. A physician is dispatched to the scene of all cardiac arrest patients treated by this system. Vasopressin could be administered in addition to epinephrine to subjects with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest by the on-scene physician. Demographic information, drug administration and return of pulses were abstracted from patient care records for a 1-year interval. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between vasopressin use and outcomes. Results: During the study period, data were available for 298 subjects receiving epinephrine-only ( n = 231, 78%), a combination of 40 IU vasopressin and epinephrine ( n = 37, 12%) or no vasopressor drugs ( n = 30, 10%). Among patients receiving vasopressor drugs, pulse was restored for 74 subjects (28%), and 56 subjects (21%) had a pulse on arrival at the hospital. Return of pulses was associated with witnessed collapse, bystander CPR, and an initial ECG rhythm of ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia. Subjects receiving vasopressin and epinephrine were more likely to have a return of pulses during the resuscitation (LR: 2.73; 95% CI: 1.24, 6.03) and at hospital arrival (3.85; 1.71, 8.65) than subjects treated with epinephrine alone. Conclusions: There is an association between using vasopressin in combination with epinephrine and restoration of circulation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
OIL POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATION AND THE WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 1970, THE FEDERAL VIEWPOINT

ABSTRACT The Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970 was enacted and signed into law on April 3, 1970. This Act provides the mechanism for strong Federal actions relating to oil removal, prevention and enforcement. This paper discusses the most significant provisions of the Act and describes the Federal point of view relating to key provisions. Emphasis is placed on the rationale behind the designation of a harmful quantity of oil, the impact of the notification requirement, adequacy of oil removal procedures, prevention of spills, and enforcement provisions.
Sympathetic innervation of the Splanchnic Region Mediates the Beneficial Hemodynamic Effects of 8-OH-DPAT in Hemorrhagic Shock

Administration of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 8-OH-DPAT, improves cardiovascular hemodynamics and tissue oxygenation in conscious rats subjected to hypovolemic shock. This effect is mediated by sympathetic-dependent increases in venous tone. To determine the role of splanchnic nerves in this response, effects of 8-OH-DPAT (30 nmol/kg iv) were measured following fixed-arterial blood pressure hemorrhagic shock (i.e., maintenance of 50 mmHg arterial pressure for 25 min) in rats subjected to bilateral splanchnic nerve denervation (SD). Splanchnic denervation decreased baseline venous tone as measured by mean circulatory filling pressure (MCFP) and accelerated the onset of hypotension during blood loss. Splanchnic denervation did not affect the immediate pressor effect of 8-OH-DPAT but did reverse the drug's lasting pressor effect, as well as its ability to increase MCFP and improve metabolic acidosis. Like SD, adrenal demedullation (ADMX) lowered baseline MCFP and accelerated the hypotensive response to blood withdrawal but also reduced the volume of blood withdrawal required to maintain arterial blood pressure at 50 mmHg. 8-OH-DPAT raised MCFP early after administration in ADMX rats, but the response did not persist throughout the posthemorrhage period. In a fixed-volume hemorrhage model, 8-OH-DPAT continued to raise blood pressure in ADMX rats. However, it produced only a transient and variable rise in MCFP compared with sham-operated animals. The data indicate that 8-OH-DPAT increases venoconstriction and improves acid-base balance in hypovolemic rats through activation of splanchnic nerves. This effect is due, in part, to activation of the adrenal medulla.
Interactions Between orographically and Thermally Forced Planetary Waves.

Abstract A comprehensive analysis has been made of the atmospheric planetary wave response to orographic and thermal forcing in midlatitudes using a simple model. Vertical heating profiles with maxima at the surface and in the mid-troposphere are considered. The model is quasi-geostrophic on a beta-plane, and has a constant zonal mean basic-state wind. With these simplifications it is possible to obtain complete analytic solutions, not only for the wave response with and without Ekman pumping, but also for the secondary effects of the waves on the zonal mean flow. The presence of diabatic heating in the waves results in significant non-zero Eliassen-Palm fluxes and violates conditions for non-acceleration of the zonal mean flow, both for propagating and trapped waves. The potential vorticity transport or, alternatively, the Eliassen-Palm flux divergence is shown to be directly related to the vertical heating profile. However, it is the interaction between orographic and thermally forced waves that is main...
In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibilities of Trichosporon Species

The in vitro activities of amphotericin B, itraconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and ravuconazole against 39 isolates of Trichosporon spp. were determined by the NCCLS M27-A microdilution method. The azoles tested appeared to be more potent than amphotericin B. Low minimal fungicidal concentration/MIC ratios were observed for voriconazole, posaconazole, and ravuconazole, suggesting fungicidal activity.
Giant venous aneurysm associated with hypogastric arteriovenous malformation

Venous aneurysms are extremely rare. They may be congenital or acquired in origin and occasionally related to arteriovenous communications. A 58-year-old man complained of dull left lower quadrant pain and constipation. On physical examination a soft deep mass was palpated. Ultrasonogram and CT scan revealed a cystic formation in the pelvic cavity. Angiograms disclosed an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) at the pelvic floor draining into a large cavity. The patient was successfully managed by intraoperative selective embolization of the AVM and partial resection of a 10.6 × 8 × 6.7 cm venous aneurysm. The histopathologic studies of the wall confirmed a venous structure. Venous dilatation has been reported in high flow vein grafts, blood access V fistulas and rarely, proximal to traumatic AV fistulas of the lower extremities. The etiology of the present case is probably congenital, being to the best of our knowledge, the first case affecting the hypogastric territory, reported in the English literature.
Far-infrared imaging array for SIRTF

We describe the design, construction, and performance of the 32 X 32 Ge:Ga imaging array being built at the University of Arizona for the Multiband Imaging Photometer for SIRTF (MIPS). The array will support a number of operational modes in the MIPS instrument including natural background-limited mapping at 70 micrometers , super-resolution observations at 70 micrometers , and spectral energy distribution measurements between 50 and 100 micrometers . The array is constructed in a modular manner using eight 4 X 32 pixel building blocks. To meet the sensitivity and stability requirements, the array must have excellent photometric repeatability, low noise, and robustness to the effects of the ionizing radiation environment in space. Key elements in attaining this level of performance are the Ge:Ga detectors materials and the cryogenic CRC-696 readout electronics. We present laboratory data for a 16 X 32 prototype of the array, and describe the plans for the construction of the qualification and flight units.
Reconstructive correction of aberrations in nuclear particle spectrographs

A method is presented that allows the reconstruction of trajectories in particle spectrographs and the reconstructive correction of residual aberrations that otherwise limit the resolution. Using a computed or fitted high order transfer map that describes the uncorrected aberrations of the spectrograph, it is possible to calculate a map via an analytic recursion relation that allows the computation of the corrected data of interest such as reaction energy and scattering angle as well as the reconstructed trajectories in terms of position measurements in two planes near the focal plane. The technique is only limited by the accuracy of the position measurements, the incoherent spot sizes, and the accuracy of the transfer map. In practice the method can be expressed as an inversion of a nonlinear map and implemented in the differential algebraic framework. The method is applied to correct residual aberrations in the S800 spectrograph which is under construction at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University and to two other high resolution spectrographs.
Crystallographic analysis of human hemoglobin elucidates the structural basis of the potent and dual antisickling activity of pyridyl derivatives of vanillin

The affiliation of one of the authors of Abdulmalik et al. (2011) [Acta Cryst. D67, 920–928] is corrected.
Lupus anticoagulant: An analysis of the clinical and laboratory features of 219 cases

To define clinical and laboratory characteristics of the lupus anticoagulant (LA), we reviewed our experience (219 subjects). Subjects were divided into group A, those with the LA and the diagnosis of lupus erythematosus, group B, those with the LA but nonlupus diagnoses, and group C, those with drug-related lupus syndromes. The typical laboratory findings consisted of a prolonged and inhibited plasma clot time (an average of 1.9 times control time) which was proportionately more prolonged than the partial thromboplastin time or activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (average 1.3 times control). Ninety-eight percent had a prolonged plasma clot time and 94% had a prolonged partial thromboplastin time. The prothrombin and thrombin times were prolonged in 33 and 25% of subjects, respectively. Washed platelets shortened the APTT in the 22 subjects so tested. Monoclonal protein peaks were seen in 7% of patients. Seventeen episodes of bleeding were observed, but in all but one instance there was another hemostatic defect present. In the 18 patients who underwent major operations, there were no hemorrhagic complications. Fifty-eight episodes of thrombosis were observed with the same incidence in group A (25%) as in group B (26%). Bleeding is rare with the LA but thrombosis is common even without SLE and lupuslike syndromes. The plasma clot time in platelet-rich plasma is more prolonged, and in our experience, is more sensitive in detecting the lupus anticoagulant than is the partial thromboplastin time.
Complex injection strategies for hydrogen-fueled HCCI engines

Mixture formation methods can have a significant impact on the performance and reliability of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines fueled by hydrogen. This paper investigates the ability of fuel injection strategies based on multiple-pulse direct injection (DI) as well as combinations of port fuel injection (PFI) and direct injection to prepare an ideal in-cylinder hydrogen–air mixture and control the autoignition process. Computations are performed using the one-dimensional turbulence (ODT) model formulated for engine simulations. It is found that multiple DI and hybrid PFI/DI schemes can be used for varying load requirements that could lead to an extension of the operating range of HCCI engines. A combination of volumetric autoignition and localized high-temperature burning are found to occur.
Performance visualization on Monsoon

Abstract The performance of an applications program running on a parallel machine is affected by several factors such as the algorithm, the programming language, the compiler, and the operating system. Performance evaluation of parallel machines requires quick and easy-to-use analysis of large amounts of data. This paper describes a performance evaluation tool built for Monsoon, a multithreaded multiprocessor machine built by Motorola in collaboration with MIT. The tool offers integrated data collection, analysis, and visualization and is designed to be simple but powerful. Software layers built on top of simple hardware monitors offer a flexible, yet nonintrusive performance evaluation tool. Examples of successful use of the tool by both systems and applications programmers are included.
Baluchistan (Pakistan): Its Development and Planning Policy

They study examines the relationship between the social and economic environments of the tribal people of Baluchistan. It also evaluates how tribal organizations have been affected by geographic and economic constraints. Analyzing the spatial relationship between economic development and social structure, study has been made to isolate the effect of interrelated technical, economic and ecological processes accompanying development in Baluchistan. In the light of the current planning policies adopted in the area, an attempt has been made to determine whether any measurable spatial restructuring of these simple communities has occurred at macro and micro levels.
Origin of reverse annealing in radiation‐damaged silicon solar cells

The paper employs relative defect concentrations, energy levels, capture cross sections, and minority carrier diffusion lengths in order to identify the defect responsible for the reverse annealing observed in a radiation damaged n(+)/p silicon solar cell. It is reported that the responsible defect, with the energy level at +0.30 eV, has been tentatively identified as boron-oxygen-vacancy complex. In conclusion, it is shown that removal of this defect could result in significant cell recovery when annealing at temperatures well below the currently required 400 C.
Confirmatory factor analysis of the cognitive failures questionnaire: evidence for dimensionality and construct validity

The Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) is a measure of everyday task failures that individuals are normally capable of completing. Prior studies have attempted to gauge the dimensionality of the measure using exploratory techniques, but not a confirmatory approach. Over two studies, the dimensionality of the CFQ was examined using structural equation modeling by comparing all previously reported factor models. Additionally, construct validity was obtained in study 2 by beginning to delineate a nomological network. It was found that a four factor solution consistently provided better fit and was more theoretically related to original conceptualization of the construct. Results of the nomological network also provided support for the four factors of the CFQ by demonstrating convergence with similar constructs (e.g., neuroticism) and divergence with dissimilar constructs (e.g., attention). Implications, limitations, and future research ideas are discussed.
Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Health Monitoring Using Vibration Diagnostic Test.

With their superior advantages of high capacity and low percentage of self-discharge, lithium-ion batteries have become the most popular choice for power storage in electric vehicles. Due to the increased potential for long life of lithium-ion batteries in vehicle applications, manufacturers are pursuing methodologies to increase the reliability of their batteries. This research project is focused on utilizing non-destructive vibration diagnostic testing methods to monitor changes in the physical properties of the lithium-ion battery electrodes, which dictate the states of charge (SOC) and states of health (SOH) of the battery cell. When the battery cell is cycled, matter is transported from one electrode to another which causes mechanical properties such as thickness, mass, stiffness of the electrodes inside a battery cell to change at different states of charge; therefore, the detection of these changes will serve to determine the state of charge of the battery cell. As mass and stiffness of the electrodes change during charge and discharge, they will respond to the excitation input differently. An automated vibration diagnostic test is developed to characterize the state of charge of a lithium-ion battery cell by measuring the amplitude and phase of the kinematic response as a function of excitation frequency at different states of charge of the battery cell and at different times in the life of the cell. Also, the mechanical properties of the electrodes at different states of charge are obtained by direct measurements to develop a first-principles frequency response model for the battery cell. The correlation between the vibration test results and the model will be used to determine the state of charge of the cell.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Clipart images as commonsense categories

Clipart is the visual representation of commonsense categories and stereotypes—of social representations, in the sense of Moscovici. As indexed and displayed on line for downloading on Microsoft's Design Gallery and Art Today's clipart.com, the clips exhibit strong threads of continuity with earlier popular illustration and rhetorical manuals of gesture. At the same time, they also register differences in the social representations of different eras, as well as divisions and complexities in the representation of controversial categories such as sexual harassment. Though it is questionable how and in what way the theories popular in an era can be critiqued by citing the clipart of that era, these large archives provide powerful new tools for seeing, displaying, and
Characterization of proenkephalin-cleaving proteinases in bovine adrenal chromaffin granules using [35S]proenkephalin copolymerized into sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

: Proteinases capable of cleaving proenkephalin into smaller peptides have been identified in bovine adrenal chromaffin granules using [35S]methionine-labeled recombinant rat proenkephalin as a selective substrate in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis proteinase radiozymography. This technique was used for the screening of subcellular fractions, general characterization of pH optima, and the mechanistic characterization of proteinases with both reversible and irreversible inhibitors. Two enzymes with approximate molecular masses of 76 and 30 kDa were shown to be localized to the highest-density fractions of chromaffin granules by sucrose density gradient fractionation. Both were enriched in a 1 M NaCl wash of purified chromaffin granule membranes, were active at high pH, and were characterized as serine proteinases based on inhibition by soybean trypsin inhibitor. The 30-kDa enzyme was also inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate. d-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2Cl, and d-Val-Phe-Lys-CH2Cl and appeared to be the previously described adrenal trypsin-like enzyme. A third enzyme, of 66 kDa, was also associated with the 1 M NaCl wash of purified chromaffin granule membranes but was not localized exclusively to chromaffin granules in sucrose gradients. This proteinase was found to be Ca2+ activated and inhibited by EDTA but not diisopropyl fluorophosphate, soybean trypsin inhibitor, p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid, 1,10-phenanthroline, or pepstatin.
Motion-constrained mobile sensor networks

The addition of mobility to sensor networks gives users the ability to efficiently monitor environments about which little is known ahead of time. For example, if there is a suspected path through the forest that should be monitored, but its exact location is not known, sensors can be scattered through the area and converge on the path as people or animals are detected on it. In this work, we present several distributed algorithms for sensors to produce this convergence. The first is a robust positioning technique for open rectangular spaces. We also build on this to produce an algorithm for arbitrary connected spaces. In addition, we consider sensors that are inherently constrained in their motion, such as tethered sensors fixed to a single line of motion. We present both analytical and empirical results for a variety of cases and discuss extensions that will provide greater effectiveness
A hyper-redundant continuous robot

This paper presents a novel design and analysis of a hyper-redundant continuous robot (biological continuum style manipulator), actuation system, and control strategy. The robot includes 8 flexible segments, though it can be extended to more segments as necessary. In this study the gravity of the springs is neglected due to the manipulation force is much larger than these gravity forces. This mechanism exhibits a wide range of maneuverability and has a large number of degrees of freedom. Each segment is designed using a novel flexible mechanism based on the loading of a compression spring in both transverse and axial directions and using cable-conduit systems. The forward kinematics of the mechanism is also presented and lends itself well to computer control. It is shown that the solution of the transverse deflection of each segment is obtained in a general form, while the stiffness coefficients are obtained in closed form. A prototype robot segment is experimentally tested, the results are verified. A bench-top actuation system has been developed and a control scheme used in prosthetic hand control has been implemented to control the mechanism
Why whole grains are protective: biological mechanisms.

Epidemiological studies find that whole-grain intake is protective against cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. Potential mechanisms for this protection are diverse since whole grains are rich in nutrients and phytochemicals. First, whole grains are concentrated sources of dietary fibre, resistant starch and oligosaccharides, carbohydrates that escape digestion in the small intestine and are fermented in the gut, producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). SCFA lower colonic pH, serve as an energy source for the colonocytes and may alter blood lipids. These improvements in the gut environment may provide immune protection beyond the gut. Second, whole grains are rich in antioxidants, including trace minerals and phenolic compounds, and these compounds have been linked to disease prevention. Additionally, whole grains mediate insulin and glucose responses. Although lower glycaemic load and glycaemic index have been linked to diabetes and obesity, risk of cancers such as colon and breast cancer have also been linked to high intake of readily-available carbohydrate. Finally, whole grains contain many other compounds that may protect against chronic disease. These compunds include phytate, phyto-oestrogens such as lignan, plant stanols and sterols, and vitamins and minerals. As a consequence of the traditional models of conducting nutrition studies on isolated nutrients, few studies exist on the biological effects of increased whole-grain intake. The few whole-grain feeding studies that are available show improvements in biomarkers with whole-grain consumption, such as weight loss, blood lipid improvement and antioxidant protection.
Transcatheter closure of an atrial septal defect in a dog

6-month-old 14.5-kg (31.9-lb) spayed female Standard Poodle was referred to Purdue University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for evaluation of right ventricular enlargement that had been detected via ECG prior to ovariohysterectomy. The dog was alert and responsive, and physical examination revealed no abnormalities. Diagnostic evaluations included ECG, thoracic radiography, and echocardiography. Electrocardiography revealed a normal sinus rhythm with multiple criteria for right ventricular enlargement; thoracic radiographic findings were consistent with right ventricular enlargement and pulmonary overcirculation. Transthoracic echocardiography a