cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Dispersive Waves: Asymptotic Analysis and Solitons

The field of nonlinear dispersive waves has developed enormously since the work of Stokes, Boussinesq and Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) in the nineteenth century. In the 1960s, researchers developed effective asymptotic methods for deriving nonlinear wave equations, such as the KdV equation, governing a broad class of physical phenomena that admit special solutions including those commonly known as solitons. This book describes the underlying approximation techniques and methods for finding solutions to these and other equations. The concepts and methods covered include wave dispersion, asymptotic analysis, perturbation theory, the method of multiple scales, deep and shallow water waves, nonlinear optics including fiber optic communications, mode-locked lasers and dispersion-managed wave phenomena. Most chapters feature exercise sets, making the book suitable for advanced courses or for self-directed learning. Graduate students and researchers will find this an excellent entry to a thriving area at the intersection of applied mathematics, engineering and physical science.
The pharmacokinetic bases of biological response quantification in toxicology, pharmacology and pharmacodynamics

The time courses of blood levels, tissue levels and amounts excreted of an administered drug and its formed metabolites can be monitored simultaneously with observed pharmacological, toxicological or pharmacodynamic action. Such studies provide insight into the properties and nature of that body compartment that contains the biophase. The biologically active receptor sites reside within that biophase, a volume where the attack of a drug on a site is only limited by its free diffusion [1–8]. Optimum dosage regimens can be designed to give biophasic compartmental levels of the active drug necessary for the proper magnitude and duration of the desired pharmacological response with minimum toxicities.
Current concepts in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease that predominantly affects women and is characterized by chronic, progressive destruction of small intrahepatic bile duct with portal inflammation and ultimately fibrosis, leading to liver failure in the absence of treatment. The serologic hallmark of PBC is the presence of autoantibodies to mitochondria, especially to the E2 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Current theories on the pathogenesis of PBC favor the hypothesis that the disease develops as a result of an inappropriate immune response following stimulation by an environmental or infectious agent. Like other better characterized autoimmune diseases, there appears to be a genetic susceptibility and a triggering event that initiates the autoimmune attack on bile duct cells. DRB1*0801 and DRB1*0803 are the major susceptibility alleles among Northern European and Japanese populations, respectively. The generation of immune responsiveness to self-antigen can result in pathogenic autoimmune damage of the intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells mediated by both humoral and cellular immune responses. The pathogenetic mechanism is believed to be caused by a defect in immunologic tolerance, resulting in the activation and expansion of self-antigen specific T and B lymphocyte clones and the production of circulating autoantibodies in addition to a myriad of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. Human and animal studies have suggested that the induction of an antibody response reactive with self-antigen may result from a number of different priming events. Among the events demonstrated to induce an antibody response cross-reactive with self-PDC are exposures to bacterial PDC or retroviral proteins or xenobiotics or microchimerism. The diversity of the potential events giving rise to antibody responses cross-reactive with PDC, which could promote subsequent T-cell tolerance breakdown, suggests the inConcise Review
Student veterans and the academic library

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate whether student veterans have specific library-related needs and how librarians can best meet them. Design/methodology/approach – Researchers developed a survey which was administered both online and in paper copies. The survey results indicated need for further investigation; six face-to-face interviews with volunteers were conducted. Findings – Principle findings were that while student veterans do resemble nontraditional students in their needs and characteristics, important distinctions from that population could be noted. In addition, dedicated student veteran centers and/or offices provide librarians with the best possible means of communications with this particular population. Research limitations/implications – This case study demonstrates that individual institutions are well-served to investigate the specific characteristics of their own student veteran population. Librarians can utilize outreach to student veterans through their institution...
Clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix in girls: analysis of 170 registry cases.

Abstract One hundred cases of vaginal and 70 cervical adenocarcinomas from the Registry of Clear-Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Genital Tract in Young Females have been analyzed. The age range of the patients was 7 to 29 years, and the frequent association with prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol and similar nonsteroidal estrogens was confirmed. The hormone administration began prior to the eighteenth week of pregnancy and was continued for periods ranging from 1 week to almost the entire length of the pregnancy. The total dosages ranged from 300 to 18,200 mg. Although most patients had vaginal bleeding or discharge, 16 per cent were asymptomatic. Abnormal cytology was the first clue to the diagnosis of cancer in 11 patients, but 21 per cent of the smears were negative. The larger and more deeply invasive tumors were often complicated by lymph node metastases, but these were also encountered in 1 case in which the tumor had an area of only 3 sq. cm. and with another tumor that invaded less than 3 mm. These findings suggest that local treatment of the primary tumor alone may be inadequate in some cases. Recurrences developed in 37 of the patients and 24 of them died, although the follow-up in one third of the cases has been less than 2 years. The recurrences frequently involved the lungs and supraclavicular lymph nodes as well as the pelvis. The very common association of vaginal adenosis and the occasional coexistence of transverse vaginal or cervical ridges provide morphologic evidence of a stilbestrol-related disturbance in the development of the lower Mullerian tract. The results of intravenous pyelography suggest that the development of the urinary tract is not affected. The fact that all the asymptomatic patients with carcinoma have been successfully treated thus far underscores the importance of screening exposed asymptomatic patients in search of early cases. The rarity (9 per cent) of these cancers prior to the age of 12 years suggests that the inclusion of a large population of girls in this age group in a screening program would uncover very few cases. However, such individuals should certainly be examined at any time abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge develops.
Hey! That’s My Valor: The Stolen Valor Act and Government Regulation of Speech Under the First Amendment

The Stolen Valor Act makes it a criminal offense to lie about receiving military decorations. Through the Stolen Valor Act, the government seeks to protect the honor associated with receiving military decorations. The Stolen Valor Act raises several First Amendment issues and recently has been held unconstitutional by several courts, including the Ninth Circuit in the 2010 decision United States v. Alvarez. This Note argues that in light of the First Amendment framework and false speech in other contexts, the Stolen Valor Act unconstitutionally restricts First Amendment freedoms.
Identification of left atrial origin of ectopic tachycardia during right atrial mapping: analysis of double potentials at the posteromedial right atrium.

Left Atrial Ectopic Tachycardia. Introduction: The high posteromedial right atrium is adjacent to the left atrium near the right superior pulmonary vein. We hypothesized that analysis of electrograms at this site could distinguish left from right atrial tachycardia. Methods and Results: Atrial mapping was performed in 16 patients with left atrial origin ectopic tachycardia (11 patients with right superior pulmonary vein origin and 5 patients with other left atrial tachycardias). During left atrial tachycardia, earliest right atrial activation was recorded at the high posterior right atrium in 14 of 16 patients. At all of these 14 early sites, double potentials were recorded during tachycardia. The first potential was a far-field signal from left atrium as indicated by the following: (1) during sinus heats, the timing of the two potentials reversed such that the left atrial one was late; (2) ablation at the right atrial site did not decrease the amplitude of the first potential, but did decrease the amplitude of the second potential; and (3) the timing of activation at the adjacent left atrium agreed with that of the first potential. In the 11 right superior pulmonary vein tachycardias, the first potential was markedly earlier than the p wave onset, but in left atrial tachycardias with other origins it was later. In a control group of six patients with pacing to simulate right atrial tachycardia, double potentials were recorded In the posterior right atrium, but the timing of components did not reverse during sinus rhythm. Conclusion: For some left atrial ectopic tachycardias, particularly those originating from the right superior pulmonary vein, recognition of left versus right atrial origin can be accomplished during right atrial mapping by analysis of double potentials in the posteromedial right atrium.
γ‐ and ultraviolet‐ray‐induced copolymerization of maleimide and acrylamide in the solid state

Maleimide was found to react with acrylamide to form a molecular compound. The occurrence of the copolymerization was studied and the results obtained with ..gamma..-irradiation were compared with those obtained with uv-irradiation. 4 figures, 1 table.
Chick Barx2b, a marker for myogenic cells also expressed in branchial arches and neural structures.

We have isolated a new chicken gene, cBarx2b, which is related to mBarx2 in sequence, although the expression patterns of the two genes are quite different from one another. The cBarx2b gene is expressed in craniofacial structures, regions of the neural tube, and muscle groups in the limb, neck and cloaca. Perturbation of anterior muscle pattern by application of Sonic Hedgehog protein results in a posteriorization of cBarx2b expression.
Association indices for 446 randomly selected English monosyllables, bisyllables, and trisyllables

Summary There is a lack of indices of rated association for English words, in contrast to a large pool of rated nonsense syllables. To fill this need, 446 English words were randomly selected from Webster's New International Dictionary to represent all English monosyllables, bisyllables, and trisyllables. They were rated for associations on a 7-point scale by 126 S s. From the ratings three indices of association were obtained. All indices have uncorrected reliabilities in the range 0.95–0.98.
Gender and Personality Trait Measures Impact Degree of Affect Change in a Hedonic Computing Paradigm

To date, affective computing research has acknowledged individual differences with regard to detecting affect, yet little research has explored how these individual differences may determine the degree to which affective computing is successful in manipulating the affect of specific computer users. The current study used individual difference measures to predict how much an individual can be influenced by a hedonic computing paradigm: a simple trivia game. Female participants responded in a greater way to positive affective feedback about their performance than did men. Moreover, several personality traits, including neuroticism, narcissism, self-esteem, and extraversion, augmented the degree to which affect changed as a result of playing the game. The results are consistent with the gender differences hypothesis, and the authors conclude that individual differences, particularly gender and personality traits, play a large role in the potential impact of computing platforms and would be useful in personal...
Reaction of aminoalcohols with butadiene catalyzed by palladium complexes. Preliminary communication

The aminoalcohols 1, react with 2 equivalents of butadiene in the presence of catalytic quantities of bis (acetylacetonato)palladium/triphenylphosphine to give exclusively the corresponding N-octadienyl amninoalcohols. In the presence of excess butadiene, subsequent O-octadienylation occurs only for N-octadienylimino-diethanol 2g, affording the monoether 4g. O-octadienylation of 2a-f and 4g can be effected by the addition of molar quantities of triethylamine to the reaction mixture.
Prenyltransferase and squalene synthetase in livers of neonate rats.

Abstract The liver of the newly born rat has approximately the same capacity for cholesterol biosynthesis as that of the adult animal. However, during nursing, the ability to synthesize cholesterol diminishes markedly during the early neonate period and by the end of the second week has essentially vanished. The level of the regulatory enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, closely follows this pattern (Hahn P. and Walker B. (1979) Can. J. Biochem. 57, 1216–1219). In contrast, we have found that two other enzymes of cholesterol biosynthesis, prenyltransferase and squalene synthetase, undergo changes in activity that provide three maxima — one on birth, one during midnursing, and one on weaning. Possible explanations for this pattern are presented.
Rice yield and productivity gaps in irrigated systems of the forest zone of Côte d'Ivoire

Much of the rapidly growing demand for rice in West Africa will be met from increased production in irrigated lowlands, which cover about 12% of the regional rice-growing area. A large potential for expansion of irrigated areas exists particularly in the inland valleys of the humid forest zone. Current production is characterized by large variability in productivity, management practices and production constraints. Quantifying the variability in rice yield and identifying the determining factors are prerequisites to the development of site-specific recommendations and to improved targeting of technologies. Diagnostic on-farm trials were conducted on 64 irrigated lowland fields in the humid forest zone of southern Cote d'Ivoire, in 1995–1996. This was a part of the regional gradient study of irrigated systems from the desert margin to the humid forest zone. Cropping calendars, field operations and input use were monitored. Weed biomass, rice N uptake, and grain yield were determined in farmers' fields as well as in super-imposed, researcher-managed subplots (clean weeding, no N control, and mineral fertilizer N application). Rice yield potential was simulated by using the Oryza-S crop growth model. Yield losses were attributed to management factors based on performance of rice in researcher-managed subplots (management-related yield gap) and by multiple regression with management options. Grain yields varied between 0.2 and 7.3 Mg ha−1 with mean yields of 3.2 in partially and 4.2 Mg ha−1 in fully irrigated systems, 44% and 57% of the potential yield of 7.3 Mg ha−1, respectively. Age of seedlings at transplanting, timeliness of operations and application of P fertilizer were correlated to yield and explained 60% of the observed variability. Grain yield was correlated with N uptake (r2 = 0.93***) but not with N application rate. Split application of mineral fertilizer N was associated with a 0.48 Mg ha−1 yield increase (p = 0.002), regardless of the quantity applied. Additional weeding increased yield only in systems with imperfect irrigation. Weed biomass was reduced with improved water control and it increased with age of seedlings at transplanting, and was higher in direct-seeded than in transplanted rice. Echinochloa spp. were the most common weeds in fully irrigated systems and Panicum laxum was more common in the imperfectly irrigated fields. While improved water management was associated with substantial rice yield increases (1.16 Mg ha−1), the timeliness of transplanting, weeding and N fertilization appears to be the key to increased rice yields in the forest zone of West Africa.
Environmental Education in Graduate Professional Degrees: The Case of Urban Planning

Environmental education (EE) is a prominent aspect of graduate-level master's programs in urban and regional planning. This article draws on the results of a survey of 66 environmental planning educators in urban and regional planning programs to show what types of EE are most prevalent in these graduate professional programs and in planning practice. The authors examine the relative importance of foundational and applied knowledge topics in both master's-level planning education and in seeking employment in the field of environmental planning. Environmental planning educators generally believe that applied knowledge topics are more important than foundational topics for students.
Visual search in virtual environments

A key task in virtual environments is visual search. To obtain quantitative measures of human performance and documentation of visual search strategies, we have used three experimental arrangements--eye, head, and mouse control of viewing windows--by exploiting various combinations of helmet-mounted-displays, graphics workstations, and eye movement tracking facilities. We contrast two different categories of viewing strategies: one, for 2D pictures with large numbers of targets and clutter scattered randomly; the other for quasi-natural 3D scenes with targets and non-targets placed in realistic, sensible positions. Different searching behaviors emerge from these contrasting search conditions, reflecting different visual and perceptual modes. A regular 'searchpattern' is a systematic, repetitive, idiosyncratic sequence of movements carrying the eye to cover the entire 2D scene. Irregular 'searchpatterns' take advantages of wide windows and the wide human visual lobe; here, hierarchical detection and recognition is performed with the appropriate capabilities of the 'two visual systems'. The 'searchpath', also efficient, repetitive and idiosyncratic, provides only a small set of fixations to check continually the smaller number of targets in the naturalistic 3D scene; likely, searchpaths are driven by top-down spatial models. If the viewed object is known and able to be named, then an hypothesized, top-down cognitive model drives active looking in the 'scanpath' mode, again continually checking important subfeatures of the object. Spatial models for searchpaths may be primitive predecessors, in the evolutionary history of animals, of cognitive models for scanpaths.
A new etchant for alloy 3004-H19 thin gauge sheet

Preparation d'un reactif chimique base sur trois acides ne deteriorant pas la microstructure de l'alliage.
INFORMATION USED IN JUDGING IMPENDING COLLISION

Many subhuman species and human infants, children, and adults can use two-dimensional information of relative rate of angular-size change to anticipate collisions between the self and approaching objects or surfaces. But extant studies have not determined what information is used when subjects view simulated approach events providing two-dimensional information and three-dimensional information (distance and distance change), as well as lower-order visual information contained in real approach events. Three experiments suggest that, given these several possibilities, adults' judgments of collision time are best predicted by two-dimensional spatiotemporal values which are invariant over object sizes, distances traversed, approach velocities, and several lower-order variables such as absolute angular size. However, collision time is substantially underestimated, with absolute amount of underestimation increasing as a function of actual time-to-collision. Large constant errors and loss of judgment linearity ...
Beamforming and Combining Strategies for MIMO-OFDM over Doubly Selective Channels

Beamforming and combining strategies are extensively used to harness spatial diversity gains in MIMO-OFDM systems. However, traditional approaches are ineffective when time-variations in the underlying wireless channel introduce inter-carrier interference (ICI). We propose novel beamforming and combining strategies for such time- and frequency-selective wireless channels. Results show that our schemes enjoy large gains over traditional approaches. Additionally, we find that our schemes are robust to the use of predicted (as opposed to perfect) channel state information at the transmitter.
On steady state inert gas exchange

Abstract Under the usual conditions in steady state retention-solubility studies a variety of compartmental lung models are equivalent to models with parallel ventilation and perfusion. This is seen through considerations of the generalized eigenvalue problem for A + λB, where A is a matrix describing the airflow and B is a matrix describing the bloodflow. Symmetric interchange between compartments assures the existence of a parallel ventilation and perfusion model with equivalent steady state inert gas exchange. These considerations are applied to the pulmonary dead space and to series ventilation.
The Functions of Talk Within a 4th-Grade Writing Workshop: Insights Into Understanding

Over the past 30 years, writing workshops have been implemented in classrooms around the world. Students are being asked to write across multiple contexts and genres and to use digital technologies. At the same time, high-stakes writing tests are increasing even though the time teachers spend teaching writing is decreasing. This study examines academically tracked 4th-graders' first-time engagement with a writing workshop structure and the functions of students' talk within this curricular venue. During writing conferences, author celebrations, and author sharing, talk functioned as a tool for creating a shared learning space, developing meta-awareness of processes and practices, and building writing identities. These functions of talk have implications for the teaching of writing, in general, and for teaching writing in the intermediate grades, in particular, given that most states have a high-stakes writing test in 4th grade.
Academic tradition in a digital age

Contemporary institutions of higher education encourage veneration of the past through anachronisms their rhetoric and their design. This characteristic, however, owes less to scholarship or tradition than to a mood of nostalgia. Universities tend to have far greater longevity than institutions of government or commerce. They have managed to survive the Industrial Revolution and other upheavals with remarkably little structural change. Nevertheless, it is still uncertain how, or whether, they will adapt to a post‐industrial world.
Aircraft vortices - Juncture, wing, and wake

Many real aircraft flows contain regions of three-dimensional separation with vortices. This paper presents selected results for three representative flows: juncture vortex, lifting-wing vortex, and wake vortex. Due to the difficulty of studying vortices, flow visualization was used as a primary research tool. Vortices are found to depend in subtle ways on details of the configuration, Reynolds number, or the environment. Examples showing the effect of filleting on the juncture flow, Reynolds number on the wing flow, and density gradients on the wake flow are presented.
Experimenting with Chymical Bodies: Reinier de Graaf's Investigations of the Pancreas

In the late seventeenth century, traditions in anatomy and chymistry came together to ground new theoretical and experimental approaches to understanding the animal body. The researches of Dutch experimenters Reinier de Graaf and his mentor Franciscus Sylvius provide keen insight into the ways experiments were constructed, negotiated, and thought about by leading anatomists and physicians of the time. The objects and approaches de Graaf used in the laboratory—ligature, inflation, injection, tubes, vessels, tasting—were derived from broadly Harveian anatomical and Helmontian chymical traditions. Experimental traditions and a comprehensive and materialistic chymical theory of acid-alkali interactions unified the artificial and the natural and allowed de Graaf to create and use hybrid animal-apparatus constructions as tools to collect and assay the key ingredients of digestion and disease.
Stabilization of the no-motion state in Rayleigh-Bénard convection through the use of feedback control.

It is demonstrated theoretically that the critical Rayleigh number for transition from the no-motion (conduction) to the motion state in the Rayleigh-B\'enard problem of an infinite fluid layer heated from below and cooled from above can be significantly increased through the use of feedback control strategies effecting small perturbations in the boundary data.
Coupling control variates for Markov chain Monte Carlo

We show that Markov couplings can be used to improve the accuracy of Markov chain Monte Carlo calculations in some situations where the steady-state probability distribution is not explicitly known. The technique generalizes the notion of control variates from classical Monte Carlo integration. We illustrate it using two models of nonequilibrium transport.
Anovulatory effect of synthetic analogs of arginine vasotocin in the rat.

We synthesized a series of analogs of arginine vasotocin by systematically substituting each residue, and we then evaluated the anovulatory activity of these compounds in the rat, investigating the correlation between molecular structure and anovulatory, pressor, and antidiuretic activities. Substitution of the N-terminus cysteine with 3-mercaptopropanoic acid in arginine vasotocin and arginine vasopressin produced a 3- to 4-fold increase in both anovulatory and antidiuretic activity and only a 10% change in pressor activity. A similar substitution with lysine vasopressin produced no significant change in either anovulatory or antidiuretic potency; however, the pressor activity was reduced by half. Substitution of this cysteine in arginine vasotocin with 2-hydroxy-3-mercaptopropanoic acid produced an analog more potent in anovulatory activity than arginine vasotocin but less potent than [1-(3-mercaptopropanoic acid)]- arginine vasotocin. The most potent anovulatory analog synthesized was [1-(3-mercaptopro...
Variant alleles of the Wnt antagonist FRZB are determinants of hip shape and modify the relationship between hip shape and osteoarthritis

Objective To test whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the FRZB gene are associated with hip shape, and to determine whether FRZB variant alleles affect the relationship between hip shape and radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip. Methods A nested case–control study of Caucasian women, age ≥65 years, from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures cohort was performed. Cases (n = 451) were defined as subjects with radiographic evidence of incident hip OA during followup, while controls (n = 601) were subjects in whom no radiographic hip OA was identified at baseline or followup. Statistical shape modeling (SSM) of the digitized hip radiographs was performed to assess the shape of the proximal femur, using 10 independent modes of shape variation generated by principal components analysis. In addition, center-edge angle and acetabular depth were assessed as geometric measurements of acetabular shape. The association of the rs288326 and rs7775 FRZB variant alleles with hip shape was analyzed using linear regression. The effect of these alleles on the relationship between hip shape and radiographic hip OA was analyzed using a logistic regression model with or without inclusion of interaction terms. Results The rs288326 and rs7775 alleles were associated with the shape of the proximal femur (SSM mode 2). There was a significant interaction between the rs288326 SNP and proximal femur shape (SSM mode 2) in predicting radiographic hip OA (P for interaction = 0.022). Among subjects with the rs288326 variant allele, there was an increased likelihood of radiographic hip OA in association with increasing quartiles of proximal femur shape mode 2 (for the fourth quartile of mode 2, odds ratio 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.15, 5.25; P for linear trend = 0.02). Conclusion The rs288326 and rs7775 FRZB SNPs are associated with the shape of the proximal femur. The presence of the rs288326 SNP alters the relationship between proximal femur shape and incident radiographic hip OA. These findings suggest that FRZB may serve an important role in determining hip shape and may modify the relationship between hip shape and OA.
Isogenic locusts and genetic variability in the effects of temperature on neuronal threshold

Physiological variability was previously encountered while studying the effects of temperature on identified motorneurons. Of 22 locusts examined from within the breeding colony, 3 deviant animals were found in which the current threshold of the fast extensor tibiae (FETi) motorneuron did not decrease as was expected with increasing temperature (Fig. 1). We have used clones of isogenic locusts to study the genetic basis, physiological extent, and behavioral effects of a similar abnormal threshold response of FETi to increases in temperature. Over 30 clones, raised by parthenogenetic breeding, were used to isolate naturally-occurring genotypic variability. In this study we have focused our attention on the behaviorally abnormal clone 7 animals that have a low probability of jumping which is not altered by heating; and the behaviorally normal clone 8 animals that have a higher probability of jumping which increases with increasing temperature (Table 1). In clone 8 animals, the physiological properties of FETi show the normal steady-state responses to increases in temperature: the current threshold decreases (Fig. 1), the voltage threshold decreases, and the membrane resistance remains relatively unchanged. In clone 7 animals, the physiological properties of FETi show abnormal steady-state responses to increases in temperature: the current threshold increases (Fig. 1), the voltage threshold remains relatively unchanged (Fig. 2), and the membrane resistance decreases (Fig. 3), all of which are similar to the abnormal responses observed occasionally from the heterogenic breeding colony. These abnormalities in FETi of clone 7 animals are regarded as a neurophysiological correlate of the absence of an increase in jumpiness with increasing temperature. An abnormal response to heating in clone 7 animals is also found in AAdC (Fig. 6), ASFlTi, and the first basalar motorneuron. A normal response to heating in clone 7 animals is found in the spiracle closer motorneurons (Fig. 7), the DUM neurons, and the CI neuron.
Development of Gluconeogenic, Glycolytic, and Pentose-Shunt Enzymes in the Chicken Kidney

Abstract The activities of the key gluconeogenic, glycolytic, and pentose-shunt enzymes in chicken kidney were determined starting from 8 days before to 58 days after hatching. The activities of pyruvate carboxylase (PC), mitochondrial and cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), fructose-1,6-diphosphatase (FDPase) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) were low in the embryonic tissue but increased towards the time of hatching. After hatching, the activities of PC, mitochondrial PEPCK, and G6Pase continued to increase, but those of FDPase and cytosolic PEPCK decreased. Relatively little change in these activities was observed in chickens over 24 days old. The activities of hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased during embryonic growth. After hatching, HK activity continued to increase and then decrease, whereas PFK appeared to decrease and then increase to prehatch levels in 28-day-old birds. LDH activity continued to increase until 8 days after hatching and remained constant thereafter. No definite pattern was discernible in the case of PK. As for the pentose-shunt enzymes, there was no significant change in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity (G6PDH), but the activity of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) increased until the chickens were 14 days old and then remained relatively constant.
Relationship Marketing of Services Perspectives from 1983 and 2000

Abstract In 1983 the author presented a paper entitled simply “Relationship Marketing” at the American Marketing Association's Services Marketing Conference. The paper was published in the conference proceedings and for the first time the phrase “relationship marketing” appeared in the marketing literature. For this charter issue of the Journal of Relationship Marketing, the original 1983 paper is reprinted in full. The author then offers fresh perspectives on his paper in the form of a commentary.
Trisomy C mosaicism in a seven month old girl

A female infant, first seen at age 7 months and again at 1 3/12 years, exhibited the following physical findings: low birth weight at full term; mental and growth retardation; brachycephaly; micrognathia; high arched palate; low set, slanted malformed pinnae; scant medial eyebrow hair; small, short nose with prominent skin folds over the nasal bridge; short neck; both hands were hypoplastic between thumb and index finger; a tendency to hold thumbs in pronation; abnormal dermatoglyphics; rocker-bottom feet; big toes kept in dorsi-flexed position; mottled skin; hypoplastic clitoris and labia minora.
Automated 5-D Analysis of Cell Migration and Interaction in the Thymic Cortex from Time-Lapse Sequences of 3-D Multi-channel Multi-photon Images

Abstract This paper presents automated methods to quantify dynamic phenomena such as cell–cell interactions and cell migration patterns from time-lapse series of multi-channel three-dimensional image stacks of living specimens. Various 5-dimensional ( x , y , z , t , λ ) images containing dendritic cells (DC), and T-cells or thymocytes in the developing mouse thymic cortex and lymph node were acquired by two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM). The cells were delineated automatically using a mean-shift clustering algorithm. This enables morphological measurements to be computed. A robust multiple-hypothesis tracking algorithm was used to track thymocytes (the DC were stationary). The tracking data enable dynamic measurements to be computed, including migratory patterns of thymocytes, and duration of thymocyte-DC contacts. Software was developed for efficient inspection, corrective editing, and validation of the automated analysis results. Our software-generated results agreed with manually generated measurements to within 8%.
Organization, sequence, chromosomal localization, and promoter identification of the mouse orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 gene

Abstract We have cloned and characterized the organization of the mouse orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 gene. The Nurr1 gene is approximately 7 kb long, contains eight exons and seven introns, and mapped to mouse chromosome 2. Although the exon/intron structure of Nurr1 is nearly identical to that of Nur77, Nurr1 possesses an additional untranslated exon. Primer extension was used to identify two major transcription initiation sites mapped 37 nucleotides apart in the first untranslated exon. Functional studies of chimeric Nurr1–luciferase reporter genes delineated the promoter region and underscored the importance of the +1 transcription start site. Sequence analysis of the 5′ flanking region surrounding +1 revealed several possible response elements such as a hexanucleotide glucocorticoid binding site, a cAMP-response element, a CArG box, and two c-Jun-binding sites. These data help to explain the different response characteristics of two closely related early response genes, Nurr1 and Nur77.
NATO and Turkey in Afghanistan and Central Asia: Possibilities and Blind Spots

Abstract Turkey's role in the ongoing revision of the Euro‐Atlantic security framework has ranged from vague to problematic. This has paralleled Turkey's protracted and equally problematic application for EU membership. Turkish dissatisfaction with this treatment has been forcefully expressed through the rejection of the Berlin Plus agreement. This paper argues that this course is counterproductive. The Euro‐Atlantic security alliance needs Turkish cooperation and collaboration as much as Turkey needs it, particularly with respect to the ISAF mission in Afghanistan. Mutual policy “blind spots” can be eliminated if the stakeholders can focus on substantive policy goals rather than near‐term disputes based on cultural disconnect.
The effect of small rotations on R2* measured with echo planar imaging.

Abstract Several modern MRI techniques, such as functional MRI (fMRI), rely on the detection of microscopic changes in magnetic susceptibility. However, differences in magnetic susceptibility between brain tissue, bone, and air also produce local magnetic field gradients that may interfere with the contrast of interest, particularly at high field strengths. Since the magnetic field distribution depends on the orientation of the human head in the MRI scanner, head rotations can change the effective transverse relaxation rate (R2*) and confound fMRI studies. The size of the R2* changes produced by small head rotations was estimated from a brain-shaped gel-phantom at 4 T, by measuring the signal decay at 96 different echo times. Similar measurements were carried out in a human study. Rotations larger than 2° changed R2* more than 1.5 Hz in the phantom, and indicate that even small rotations may compromise fMRI results.
Controlled OH Radical Production via Ozone-Alkene Reactions for Use in Aerosol Aging Studies

We present a novel method for continuous, stable OH radical production for use in smog chamber studies, especially those focused on organic aerosol aging. Our source produces OH radicals from the reaction of 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene and ozone and is unique as a method that requires neither NOx nor UV photolysis of a radical precursor. Typical radical concentrations are in the range of (4-8) x 10(6) molec cm(-3) and are easily sustainable over experimental time scales of several hours. We discuss design considerations, radical production capability under different operating conditions, and the core source chemistry. As a proof of concept we present preliminary results from oxidation of n-hexacosane aerosol observed with an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer. The extent of hexacosane oxidation is sufficient to significantly change the organic aerosol mass spectrum by virtue of fast heterogeneous uptake of OH radicals at the particle surface, with a calculated uptake coefficient gamma = 1.04 +/-0.21.
A Department of Motor Vehicles intervention yields moderate increases in donor designation rates.

Context—Nearly all persons (37% of public) who have a joined an organ donor registry in the United States have done so through their Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) office, which is an underused venue for organ donation campaigns.Objective—To evaluate the effectiveness of a statewide DMV-based intervention to increase donor designation rates.Design and Setting—Thirty DMV offices in Florida were randomly assigned to receive usual care (n = 15) or an organ donation intervention (n = 15).Measurement and Primary Outcome—Donor designation rates were assessed at baseline (before the intervention), during the intervention, and at follow-up.Results—When baseline donor designation rate and region were controlled for, the intervention group showed a significantly higher aggregate monthly donor designation rate than the usual care group during the intervention phase of the study (P= .02). Donor designation rates did not differ significantly (P= .13) during the follow-up phase. Lower donor designations rates were ...
Suppression of Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis by Epitope-Specific Neonatal Tolerance to Synthetic Region α146-162 of Acetylcholine Receptor

A gene conversion event between Ebb and Abb in the B6.C-H-2bm12 (bm12) strain, which alters three amino acids in the C-terminal half of the first domain of Abb (Ile-67-->Phe; Arg-70-->Gln; Thr-71-->Lys) resulted in resistance to experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) pathogenesis. To study the effect of bm12 mutation on the T-cell responses to epitopes of acetylcholine receptor (AChR)-alpha subunit, C57BL6 (B6) and bm12 mice were primed with Torpedo californica AChR, and the profiles of T-lymphocyte proliferation were determined with 18 synthetic overlapping peptides encompassing the entire extracellular portion of the AChR-alpha subunit. The proliferative responses of AChR-primed bm12 lymphocytes were markedly reduced to two (alpha 146-162 and alpha 182-198) of the three AChR peptides (alpha 111-126, alpha 146-162, and alpha 182-198) that are immunodominant in B6 mice. Thus, the Ab residues encompassing the region 67-71 determine the immunogenicity of two of the AChR-alpha subunit T-cell epitopes. To test the involvement of AChR-alpha chain epitopes within peptide alpha 146-162 in EAMG pathogenesis, B6 mice were neonatally tolerized with soluble peptide alpha 146-162, and subsequently immunized with AChR in complete Freund's adjuvant. Neonatal tolerance to AChR or to peptide alpha 146-162 reduced the incidence of clinical myasthenia gravis and suppressed serum anti-AChR antibodies. This indicates the involvement of T-cell epitopes within AChR-alpha subunit region alpha 146-162 in EAMG pathogenesis. Neonatal tolerance to peptide alpha 146-162 could have caused specific clonal deletion, and/or clonal anergy, and/or recruited suppressor cells to prevent clinical EAMG. Presumably, epitope(s) with AChR alpha 146-162, in the context of Ab encompassing region 67-71, stimulate specific T helper cells which interact with specific B cells to produce pathogenic antibodies, the primary culprit causing the end plate lesion in patients with myasthenia gravis.
Our Digital Age: Implications for Learning and Its (Online) Institutions

Over the past two decades, the way we learn has changed dramatically. We have new sources of information and new ways to exchange and to interact with information. But our schools and the way we te...
An optimal linked list prefix algorithms on a local memory computer

We present a deterministic parallel algorithm for the linked list prefix problem. It computes linked list prefix for an input list of n elements in time O(n/p+logn) on a local memory PRAM model using p processors and p shared memory cells. We also show that a maximal matching for a linked list can be computed in O(logG(n)) time with n processors and n shared cells.
Predicting Spanish–English Bilingual Children’s Language Abilities

Purpose In this study, the authors investigated factors that affect bilingual children’s vocabulary and story recall abilities in their 2 languages. Method Participants included 191 Latino families...
Alteration from apneusis to more regular rhythmic respiration in decerebrate cats.

Abstract In spontaneously breathing or paralyzed, ventilated, decerebrate cats, bilateral pneumotaxic center lesions and bilateral vagotomy resulted in apneusis characterized by a marked prolongation of inspiratory duration ( Ti ) and, concomitantly, an elevation of tidal volume (V t ) and reduction of respiratory frequency (f). Subsequent placement of medial or lateral lesions in the caudal pons or medulla reduced T i and V t , increased f, and restored a more regular rhythmic respiratory pattern. Placement of these pontile or medullary lesions in animals with pneumotaxic center lesions prevented the development of a typical apneustic pattern upon vagotomy. Large rostral pontile lesions did not change apneusis in spontaneous breathing animals whereas, in paralyzed, ventilated cats, these lesions resulted in some decrease of T i . It is concluded that apneusis generation is not equa table simply with a summation of caudal pontile respiratory unit activities. Rather, activity inherent to intrapontile and/or pontomedullary feedback circuits is considered as a necessary requisite for apneusis development. Interaction of these circuits with an inspiratory off-switch mechanism is considered probable.
Effects of TID on transistor parameters of dc-dc converters

The output voltages of Buck and Buck-Boost converters, built using IRF250 power MOSFETs, increased with total dose up to 20 Krads(Si). The MOSFET turn-on time was found to increase with total dose. The increased turn-on time of the power MOSFET was found to cause the output voltage of the converters to increase.
Active enzyme sedimentation of antitumor asparaginase and glutaminase enzymes

Abstract Active enzyme sedimentation of five asparaginase and glutaminase-asparaginase enzymes with antitumor activity was studied. The catalytically active species of each enzyme appeared to have a molecular weight greater than 100,000 g/mole. Gel filtration and disc gel electrophoresis confirmed the absence of catalytically active smaller species.
Route guidance systems for improving urban travel and location choices

Abstract Recent technological advances in navigation systems for private vehicles have the capability to provide drivers with highway route information on a dashboard-mounted video display screen. These technological advances, together with two-way radio communication of digital information, automatic measurement of traffic flows, and supercomputer technology, could be combined to provide useful information to drivers concerning expected travel times, best routes, and best departure times. This paper reviews the status of this technology and explores the information and prediction requirements for the computer models required to implement such a system. Research needed to evaluate the potential impact of such a system is also described.
Reducing healthcare-associated infections in an ambulatory dialysis unit: Identification and alignment of work system factors

Background Patients undergoing hemodialysis have experienced a 43% increase in rate of hospitalization due to infection during the past 20 years. Research in other industries has shown that safe systems are achieved by considering the entire system to enable performance specifications to be met. Method A sociotechnical systems framework was applied through the Macroergonomic Analysis and Design method to evaluate a 54-chair ambulatory dialysis unit to decrease healthcare-associated infections. Fifty-seven system discrepancies across 6 healthcare-associated infection risk factors were identified. A multicomponent intervention was developed to address 44 of the variances across 4 of the risk factors. Results Access-related bloodstream infections and access site infections did not improve. Bacterial surface contamination decreased. Process measures for the individual components of the intervention demonstrated varying adherence to the intervention. Conclusions Inconsistent compliance with interventions is hypothesized to be due to organizational and external environment factors.
Periodic vortex shedding over delta wings

again the edges were nearly parallel, and except for the formation of cells, the wakes organized themselves in a nearly twodimensional fashion. In the problem under discussion here, the edges form an angle of 30 deg, and moreover they are inclined with respect to the flow. Preliminary findings on this problem were published by the present authors in a short Note.18 The variation of the Strouhal number vs the angle of attack and the Reynolds number was partially investigated. The main thrust in the present effort is to explore the flowfield for organized natural oscillations and to identify their character. The existence of two different shedding modes (simultaneous and alternate) is now documented in terms of pairs of hot-wire signals. The angle-of-attack ranges in which each models present are investigated for the entire domain of shedding angles of attack (35 < a < 90 deg). The orientation of the shed vortices with respect to the wing and their evolution in time are studied. Finally, flow visualization techniques are used to support the earlier findings.