cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Incidence and predictors of delayed chronic kidney disease in long-term survivors of hematopoietic cell transplantation.

This study describes the risk of delayed chronic kidney disease (CKD) in 1190 adult hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) survivors who underwent HCT for hematologic malignancies or aplastic anemia between 1976 and 1997, and survived at least one year. CKD was defined as a sustained elevation of serum creatinine inferring a glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 for three months or longer. Median age at HCT was 35.0 years (range, 18.1 to 68.6 years) and median length of follow-up, 7.1 years from HCT (range, 1 to 24.3 years). Sixty patients with CKD were identified, resulting in a cumulative incidence of 4.4% at 5 years (autologous HCT: 3.8%; matched sibling HCT: 4.5%; unrelated donor HCT: 10.0%; p=0.09 compared to autologous HCT). Older age at HCT (relative risk [RR] per five-year increment, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.2-1.5); exposure to cyclosporine without tacrolimus (RR=1.90, 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.4) or with tacrolimus (RR=4.59, 95% CI, 1.8 to 11.5); and a primary diagnosis of multiple myeloma (RR=2.51, 95% CI, 1.1 to 5.6) were associated with an increased risk of delayed CKD. This study identifies sub-populations of HCT at increased risk for CKD, setting the stage for appropriate long-term follow-up of vulnerable patients.
Lessons from Species and Habitat Protection

Abstract Human actions impact other species, primarily by altering habitats. Worldwide, nearly 10 percent of the land area is in protected status. The four articles here illustrate the range of policy design and administrative challenges involved in protecting species and habitats. These wicked problems revolve around the creation and management of spatially defined protected “places,” a focus requiring more attention in public policy and public administration communities.
Data processing of hydroacoustic data as support to mapping and characterization of seafloor

This work aims to present a processing flow designed for shallow seismic data acquired in the northern continental shelf of Rio Grande do Norte State, adjacent to Areia Branca city. This area was choose because of the presence of an important incised-valley system, between depths of 15 m to 25m. The understanding of the formation and cenozoic filling of incised valleys has contributed more and more to studies with similar reservoirs of oil and gas. The data were acquired with a sub-bottom profiler type chirp, using small boats. The signal penetration reached approximately 45m with subsurface water depths of up to 40m. During activities were acquired information of parameterization software acquisition, software and processing tools. All data were integrated with GIS (Geographic Information Systems). Processing consisted in the adaptation of coordinate system, spectral analysis, optimization of the process of removing the water depth, application of low-pass filters and FK, according to the need of each section and bathymetric correction. The results revealed a smoothing effect of the waves, noise attenuation and multiple best contrasting the different types of reflectors thus enabling the identification of different seism facies in existing sections.
Why Adolescent Medicine? Four Illustrative Cases

Teenagers can be challenging patients. Physicians trained in a variety of specialties may vary greatly in their interest in adolescent health problems and their experience in dealing with them. Four cases are discussed in which important aspects of adolescent growth and development were overlooked and resulted in diagnostic errors. Physicians in all disciplines who deal with teenage patients need to familiarize themselves with the basic physiology and psychology of puberty and the common disease processes seen during adolescence.
Nonlinear Aeroelasticity: Continuum Theory, Flutter/Divergence Speed, and Plate Wing Model

This paper formulates flutter/divergence instability problems using continuum models for structure and air flow as coupled nonlinear partial differential equations. The structure model is a Kirchoff CFFF thin plate allowing for nonzero thickness and camber bending. The aerodynamics is modeled by the transonic small disturbance potential equation. The aeroelastic boundary conditions are derived for nonzero angle of attack. A central result is the time domain model as a nonlinear convolution/evolution equation in a Hilbert space. Flutter speed is characterized as a Hopf bifurcation point, completely determined by the linearized equations. The main tool in solving the linear equations is the Possio equation for nonzero angle of attack. Divergence speed is shown to be determined by an eigenvalue problem for linear operators. The corresponding stationary (steady state) solutions are more regular in the transonic range (as M goes to one) if the angle of attack is nonzero.
Triangulation without translation

Transitive retrieval and triangulation have been proposed as ways to improve cross-language retrieval quality when translation resources have poor lexical coverage. We demonstrate that cross-language retrieval is viable for European languages with no translation resources at all; that transitive retrieval without translation does not suffer the drop-off in retrieval quality sometimes reported for transitive retrieval with translation; and that triangulation that combines multiple transitive runs with no translation can boost performance over direct translation-free retrieval.
Philadelphia's Neighborhood Transformation Initiative: A Case Study of Mayoral Leadership, Bold Planning, and Conflict

Abstract This article examines the Neighborhood Transformation Initiative (NTI), Mayor John F. Street's plan to revitalize Philadelphia's distressed neighborhoods by issuing $295 million in bonds to finance the acquisition of property, the demolition of derelict buildings, and the assembling of large tracts of land for housing redevelopment. Despite its resemblance to the discredited urban renewal programs of the past, this plan offered real potential for reducing blight by leveraging substantial private investment at a time when public subsidies for affordable housing and community development have been steadily diminishing. However, NTI did not promote equitable development that might have fostered broader support for an inherently controversial plan. Moreover, Street's initial leadership in proposing this bold initiative was followed by a reluctance to promote NTI aggressively after it was adopted in 2002. The result was a watered‐down effort that achieved some goals but has fallen short of what might ...
Cavitation fatigue and its reversal in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

‘Cavitation fatigue’ is the increased susceptibility of a xylem conduit to cavitation as a result of its prior cavitation. It was investigated whether cavitation fatigue induced in vivo could be repaired in intact plants. Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) were subjected to soil drought in the greenhouse. Native embolism and vulnerability to cavitation was measured in well-watered controls and after 5 d and 10 d of controlled drought. A dramatic cavitation fatigue was observed where droughted xylem that was refilled in the laboratory developed up to 60 PLC (percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity) at Y 1M Pa versus only 5.2 PLC in non-droughted controls. Rewatered plants showed the complete reversal of cavitation fatigue over 4 d. Reversal of fatigue was correlated with the refilling of embolized vessels in the intact plants (r 2 \0.91, P <0.01), suggesting that xylem transport to fatigued vessels was required for their repair. The in vivo reversal of fatigue was partially duplicated in excised stem segments by perfusing them with root exudates from droughted (DR) and well-watered (WW) plants. The DR exudate had a greater effect, and this was associated with a greater pH in the DR versus WW saps, but there was no difference in total cation concentration. Perfusions with 2 mM CaCl2 and KCl solutions also partially reversed cavitation fatigue as opposed to no effect with deionized water, suggesting a role of ions in addition to a pH effect. It is suspected that fatigue is caused by stretching and partial disruption of linkages between cellulose microfibrils in inter-conduit pit membranes during air seeding, and that the reversal of fatigue involves restoring these linkages by ingredients in xylem sap.
Integrated supply chain network through process approach and collaboration

The externalization of different company functions and services leads to a supply chain network with actors and activities belonging to different functions and sometimes even different organizations (extended enterprise). This overtaking of the company boarders finds expression in organizational change, favored by new information and communication technology and new inter-company relationships
Amplifying matrix design for noncooperative SIMO relay networks under channel uncertainty

This paper presents an optimum diagonal amplifying relay matrix based on minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion for noncooperative distributed wireless relay networks under channel uncertainty. A single-input multiple-output (SIMO) system with one-source M-destination N-relay nodes is considered. Bit error rate (BER) of the wireless relay network under both certain and uncertain channel conditions is simulated using the derived optimum diagonal amplifying relay matrices. For comparisons, the case of both perfect and imperfect channel conditions for single-input single-output (SISO) system with N relay nodes is also considered.
Studies on the Removal of Staphylococcus Aureus from Milk-Contact Surfaces by Ultrasonic Cleaning Methods

Summary These studies are concerned with the removal of Phosphoras 32 -labeled Staphylococcus aureus from milk-contact surfaces by ultrasonic cleaning procedures, and the growth of the residual organisms on these surfaces. The test organism was incorporated into the soil menstrua (a modified Ringer Solution and homogenized, pasteurized whole milk), dried down with the soils upon various milk-contact surfaces under highly reproducible conditions, removed by ultrasonic irradiation treatments, and assayed by submersion in Staphylococcus (Agar) Medium No. 110, Bacto-Strip contact, plastic replica-embedding and staining, Geiger counting, and autoradiographic techniques. The results indicate that, as in other cleaned-in-place (CIP) procedures, soil build-up can be a problem in ultrasonic cleaning if the initial soil deposits are not thoroughly removed. The rough surfaces show greater capacity for soil build-up. Type of surface roughness influences not only the degree of bacterial retention but also the pattern of subsequent growth of the residual organisms. The type of cleaning solution and time of ultrasonic irradiation of the cleaning bath exerted a definite influence on cleaning efficiency; however, specimen configuration in the cleaning bath and type of bacterial soil menstruum were of over-riding importance in the results achieved. Under the conditions of testing utilized in these experiments, the radiological assaying procedures and the plastic replica-embedding and staining technique proved more accurate in determining bacterial residues on ultrasonically cleaned surfaces than macro-colony agar submersion counts and Bacto-Strip determinations.
Roles of SigB and SigF in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Sigma Factor Network

To characterize the roles of SigB and SigF in sigma factor regulation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we used chemically inducible recombinant strains to conditionally overexpress sigB and sigF. Using whole genomic microarray analysis and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, we investigated the resulting global transcriptional changes after sigB induction, and we specifically tested the relative expression of other sigma factor genes after knock-in expression of sigB and sigF. Overexpression of sigB resulted in significant upregulation of genes encoding several early culture filtrate antigens (ESAT-6-like proteins), ribosomal proteins, PE-PGRS proteins, the keto-acyl synthase, KasA, and the regulatory proteins WhiB2 and IdeR. Of note, the induction of sigB did not alter the expression of other sigma factor genes, indicating that SigB is likely to serve as an end regulator for at least one branch of the M. tuberculosis sigma factor regulatory cascade. Analysis of the 5′-untranslated region (UTR) of SigB-dependent transcripts revealed a putative consensus sequence of NGTGG-N14-18-NNGNNG. This sequence appeared upstream of both sigB (Rv2710) and the gene following it, ideR (Rv2711), and in vitro transcription analysis with recombinant SigB-reconstituted RNA polymerase confirmed SigB-dependent transcription from each of these promoters. Knock-in expression of sigF revealed that only the sigC gene was significantly upregulated 6 and 12 h after sigF induction. The previously identified SigF promoter consensus sequence AGTTTG-N15-GGGTTT was identified in the 5′ UTR of the sigC gene, and SigF-dependent in vitro transcription of the promoter upstream of sigC was confirmed by using recombinant SigF-reconstituted RNA polymerase. These two knock-in recombinant strains were tested in a macrophage model of infection which showed that overexpression of sigB and sigF resulted in reduced rates of M. tuberculosis intracellular growth. These results define the SigB promoter consensus recognition sequence and members of the SigB regulon. Moreover, the data suggest that, in addition to serving as an end regulator in a sigma factor cascade, SigB may auto-amplify its own expression under certain conditions.
Approximate nearest neighbors: towards removing the curse of dimensionality

We present two algorithms for the approximate nearest neighbor problem in high-dimensional spaces. For data sets of size n living in R d , the algorithms require space that is only polynomial in n and d, while achieving query times that are sub-linear in n and polynomial in d. We also show applications to other high-dimensional geometric problems, such as the approximate minimum spanning tree. The article is based on the material from the authors' STOC'98 and FOCS'01 papers. It unifies, generalizes and simplifies the results from those papers.
Service and Servitude in the Sheltered Workshop

■ The rationale for the operation of sheltered workshops is benefit to the client through provision of an opportunity to earn money and feel useful. However, the broad scope of agency intervention in clients' lives and the refusal of agencies to bargain collectively with their clients suggest that despite the ideology of service an element of servitude is present. The authors present evidence for this thesis through an examination of the literature by and about sheltered workshops and a survey of agency personnel. ■
Fusion of Face and Iris Biometrics

This chapter presents a system which simultaneously acquires face and iris samples using a single sensor, with the goal of improving recognition accuracy while minimizing sensor cost and acquisition time. The resulting system improves recognition rates beyond the observed recognition rates for either isolated biometrics.
Three-Dimensionally Preserved Arthropods from Cambrian Lagerstätten of Quebec and Wisconsin

Three new types of arthropod are described from Cambrian intertidal lithofacies of the Elk Mound Group and St. Lawrence Formation of Wisconsin and the Potsdam Group of Quebec. These arthropods are preserved ventrally in sandstone in life position and in three dimensions, allowing detailed characterization of limb morphologies, labrums, and other organs such as eyes. A taphonomic model is presented, illustrating this unusual, uncompressed, three-dimensional style of preservation. Arenosicaris inflata n. sp., from the Terreneuvian-Furongian Elk Mound Group and the Furongian St. Lawrence Formation, is the earliest unambiguous occurrence of a malacostracan phyllocarid. This 3 cm long arthropod had ovate valves, five pairs of biramous pleopods, and at least 3 pairs of thoracopods. Mosinieia macnaughtoni n. sp., a large (>10 cm long) euthycarcinoid of uncertain affinity with flattened or paddle-like appendages also occurs in Elk Mound strata. Mictomerus melochevillensis n. sp. represents a new euthycarcinoid family and is the first known non-trilobite arthropod from the middle Cambrian-Furongian Potsdam Group of Quebec. M. melochevillensis n. sp. is large (8–10+ cm long), with as many as eleven pairs of well-preserved homopodous, uniramous, non-paddle-like limbs. Both M. macnaughtoni and M. melochevillensis differ substantially from previously known euthycarcinoids in limb morphology and represent the oldest known representatives of the group. Additionally, both M. melochevillensis n. sp. and M. macnaughtoni n. sp. possess morphologies that are consistent with abundant subaerial and subaqueous Diplichnites and Protichnites trackways known from these units, suggesting that these may be the earliest land-going animals.
Surface Characterization of EUROBIOMAT Reference Polymers

The surface compositions of EUROBIOMAT reference poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), poly(ether urethane) (PEU), and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) materials were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and static secondary mass spectrometry (SIMS). Both tubing and film samples were examined. PDMS tubing exhibited a surface composition consistent with its bulk structure. PE tubing, PP tubing, and PE film had surface compositions close to their bulk composition. However, small amounts of PDMS, stearamide, and oxidation were detected on some of these surfaces. The PP film sample had significantly higher levels of PDMS contamination and surface oxidation. In fact, it appeared the surface of the PP film was completely covered by a monolayer of PDMS. The surface of the PEU tubing was completely covered by ethylene bis-stearamide, an extrusion lubricant. Ethylene bis-stearamide also was present on the PEU film surface, but some signals from the underlying PEU were detected by XPS. The dominate species present at the surface of the PVC tubing samples were plasticizers and ethylene bis-stearamide. In addition to the plasticizers and ethylene bis-stearamide, PDMS was detected on the PVC film samples. PVC samples fabricated with either tri(ethyl-2hexyl) trimelletat (TEHTM) and di(ethyl-2hexyl) phthalate (DEHP) plasticizers resulted in similar XPS-determined surface compositions. Differentiation between the TEHTM and DEHP plasticizers was determined by static SIMS.
DRAINMOD-based tools for quantifying reductions in annual drainage flow and nitrate losses resulting from drainage water management on croplands in eastern North Carolina

Nitrogen (N) leachate of drained agriculture has continued to be pervasive in the U.S. water resources. Nitrogen credit exchange program is a trading market to facilitate pollutant reductions and protect the environment. A simple tool suitable for eastern North Carolina (NC) was developed to quantify drainage flow and N mass reductions resulting from drainage water management (DWM); an efficient and common conservation practice for drained agricultural lands. The tool comprises a set of regression equations estimating the performance of DWM as a function of local site conditions. DRAINMOD and DRAINMOD-NII models simulations were conducted for a wide range of soil types, weather conditions, and management practices for different locations in eastern NC. Simulation results were used with SAS 9.3 software to develop a set of multi-linear regression equations to estimate DWM-caused reductions in annual drainage flow and corresponding nitrate-N (NO3-N) losses for continuous corn (CC) and corn–wheat–soybean (CWS) cropping systems. The regression model estimations of annual drainage flow were highly correlated with DRAINMOD simulated values with an adjusted coefficient of multiple determination (R2adj) equal to 0.91 or higher for different management scenarios. Similarly, the regression model estimations of annual nitrate losses achieved an R2adj of 0.88 or higher for all management scenarios. The developed regression models were further compared on a year-by-year basis to the calibrated DRAINMOD and DRAINMOD-NII models for local conditions of an experimental site in eastern NC over 25 years. Estimated annual drainage flow and NO3-N losses were in good agreement with corresponding values simulated by DRAINMOD-based models for CC and CWS under free and controlled drainage modes. In terms of DWM-induced annual reductions in drainage flow and N losses, noticeable differences occurred in several years between predictions of DRAINMOD-NII and the regression models. A comparison based on the 5-year moving average of DWM-induced reductions smoothed out the extreme year-to-year variations and indicated very similar reduction trends provided by both methods. The results presented in this case study indicated that the simple regression method provides an adequate alternative to the processes based DRAINMOD suite of models for estimating annual reductions in drainage rates and N mass losses resulting from implementation of DWM. Similar tools can be developed for other regions in the US and abroad that initiate nitrogen trading markets involving DWM.
Nationalism and Islam: Perspective of Egyptian and Syrian Muslim intellectuals

The problem of the relationship between nationalism and Islam has historicallyrevealed dynamic discourses, but seems to have gained little attention.This problem is important not only in understanding the modern discourseon Islam and nationalism but also in promoting a dialogue between Islamand the West. This paper attempts to show how the best known of Muslimintellectuals from Egypt and Syria during the 19th and first half of the 20thcentury, managed to fuse Islamic concepts and nationalism together into asingle, unified discourse. This paper approaches the question in two differentways. In order to provide a context, the first section reviews how nationalismemerged and influenced the Muslims. The next section studies how Muslimintellectuals have responded to foreign ideas in general and nationalism inparticular, and how some of them have attempted to work out a compromisebetween nationalism and Islam.Masalah hubungan antara nasionalisme dan Islam secara historismengungkapkan wacana dinamis, tetapi tampaknya telah mendapatkan sedikitperhatian. Masalah ini penting tidak hanya dalam memahami wacana modernIslam dan nasionalisme, tetapi juga dalam mempromosikan dialog antara Islam dan Barat. Tulisan ini mencoba untuk menunjukkan bagaimana intelektualMuslim ternama dari Mesir dan Suriah pada paruh ke-19 dan awal abad ke-20,berhasil memadukan konsep-konsep Islam dan nasionalisme bersama-samamenjadi satu wacana. Makalah ini mendekati persoalan ini dengan dua carayang berbeda. Dalam rangka memberikan konteks, bagian pertama mereviewbagaimana nasionalisme muncul dan mempengaruhi umat Islam. Bagianberikutnya mempelajari bagaimana intelektual Muslim telah merespon ideideasing pada umumnya dan nasionalisme pada khususnya, dan bagaimanabeberapa dari mereka telah berusaha untuk bekerja untuk mengkompromikanantara nasionalisme dan Islam.
Early Events in the Interaction of IFN-α with IFN-Sensitive and IFN-Resistant Daudi Cells

Daudi cells, and IFN-sensitive and -resistant Daudi subclones contain 2,300 (Kd=20 pM), 3,700 (Kd=52 pM), and 3,000 (Kd=45 pM) homogeneous IFN-α binding sites per cell, respectively. Thus, IFN-sensitive and — resistant Daudi cells have similar numbers of high affinity IFN-α receptors. The dissociation of IFN from its receptor on each Daudi cell line was resolved into fast and slow components. IFN-α dissociated from IFN-sensitive Daudi cells more slowly than from resistant cells. Also, a greater amount of the IFN-receptor complex becomes associated with the Triton-insoluble cytoskeletal matrix in the sensitive than in the resistant cells. Lectins, which increase the formation of Triton-insoluble IFN-receptor complexes in sensitive and resistant cells, decrease the dissociation of IFN-α from its receptor. Finally, IFN-α inhibits the anti-Ig-induced redistribution of surface Ig in IFN-sensitive but not in IFN-resistant cells. Our results suggest that association of IFN-receptor complexes with the Triton-insoluble matrix may be of functional significance. Such interaction may slow the dissociation of IFN-α from its receptor, impair mobility of cell surface receptors, and perhaps play an important role in transmembrane signalling through the IFN receptor.
Color terms and lexical classes in Krahn/Wobe?

Many West African languages lack a separate category of adjectives; Krahn and Wobe? are also said to lack this lexical class. However, an examination of color terms in the Gborbo dialect of Liberian Krahn reveals a class of words which are neither nouns or verbs After describing the syntactic behavior of nouns and verbs and color nouns and verbs, it is shown that a third class of color words must be considered adjectives. The data supports proposals by Givo?n and Dixon that, universally, lexical categories are semantically based.
Interspike interval distributions of spiking neurons driven by fluctuating inputs

Interspike interval (ISI) distributions of cortical neurons exhibit a range of different shapes. Wide ISI distributions are believed to stem from a balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs that ...
Mating Caged Egg-Type Breeder Females to Floor-Housed Males

Abstract A study was made to determine the fertility and hatchability of eggs from individually caged Single Comb White Leghorn breeder females rotated periodically and systematically to the floor to mate with a litter-floor-housed male (single male mating), with the primary thought that the use of cages for the females would reduce the high incidence of floor eggs observed in our floor, pedigree breeding pens. Fertility and hatchability data show that caged females placed on the litter floor with the male for approximately 2-½ hours (1:30 p.m. to 4:00 p.m.) once every six days can produce eggs that demonstrate fertility and hatchability levels which may generally be acceptable to a pedigree breeding operation. For all purposes, the incidence of floor eggs was negligible. Obviating human error in recording the hen number on the egg, accuracy of pedigree for eggs would appear to be assured. Foot disorders and leg weaknesses among the caged breeders were not observed. The possibility that this procedure can be applied successfully to a wild bird pedigree breeding operation where artificial insemination is difficult is suggested.
Membrane state diagrams make electrophysiological models simple

Ion channels are ubiquitous in living systems. Through interactions with membrane potential, ion channels both control metabolic events and mediate cell communication. Consequentially, membrane bioelectricity bears on fields ranging from cancer etiology to computational neuroscience. Conductance models have proven successful in quantitatively capturing these dynamics but are often considered difficult, with interpretation relegated to specialists. To facilitate research in membrane dynamics, especially in fields where roles for ion channels are just beginning to be quantified, we must make these models easy to understand. Here, we show that the membrane differential equation central to conductance models can be understood using simple circular geometry. The membrane state diagrams we construct are compact, faithful representations of conductance model state, designed to look like circular "cells" with currents flowing in and out. Every feature of a membrane state diagram corresponds to a physiological variable, so that insight taken from a diagram can be translated back to the underlying model. The construction is elementary: we convert conductances to angles subtended on the circle and potentials to radii; currents are then areas of the enclosed annular sectors. Our method clarifies a powerful but prohibitive modeling approach and has the potential for widespread use in both electrophysiological research and pedagogy. We illustrate how membrane state diagrams can augment traditional methods in the stability analysis of voltage equilibria and in depicting the Hodgkin-Huxley action potential, and we use the diagrams to infer the possibility of nontrivial fixed-voltage channel population dynamics by visual inspection rather than linear algebra.
FPGA's application to pipeline magnetic flux leakage inspection

Any pipelines which are used need steady-period inspection. This article briefly introduces the FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) and its relative development software, and brings forward a method which takes advantage of FPGA to collect and save multiple -signals during the inspection. And meanwhile, we make a description about FPGA's function and discuss how the resources inside are divided. We think that circuit design of the inspected setting will be predigested in our project. At the same time, the combination of FPGA and MCU will spread its application to other embedded system, which makes the setting used more generally.
Property relations and the co-management of small-scale fisheries in Costa Rica: Lessons from Marine Areas for Responsible Fishing in the Gulf of Nicoya

Abstract Marine fisheries in Costa Rica have become characterized by overexploitation, ineffective centralized management and increased conflict among fishing sectors. Despite high economic and socio-cultural importance of small-scale fisheries, no formal mechanisms existed until recently to facilitate the participation of fishers in management. Marine Areas for Responsible Fishing ( Areas Marinas para la Pesca Responsable , AMPR) were legally recognized in 2009 as a co-management approach, enabling the designation of spatial management areas to be implemented collaboratively by artisanal fishers and government agencies. In this paper, we examine property and access relations shaping this emerging participatory management model using case studies primarily from the Gulf of Nicoya region. The policy demonstrably improves upon some aspects of management, for instance, by allowing artisanal fishers to determine gear restrictions within designated areas. However, the model lacks other attributes of more successful co-management scenarios, particularly exclusive access. The fugitive nature of resources further complicates property relations over these fisheries. The cases explored also illustrate broader institutional and systemic issues that preclude effective participatory management. Lessons from the region are used to propose significant shifts to the management of small-scale fisheries in Costa Rica.
Angiotensin II receptors in the normal and failing heart

Mammalian myocardium expresses two major subtypes of angiotensin II receptors, namely, AT1 and AT2. These two subtypes mediate a diverse set of Ang II actions on the myocardium in multiple types of cells. AT1 receptors mediate most of the conventionally known angiotensin II actions such as vasoconstrictive, inotropic, chronotropic, and trophic–mitogenic effects. The function(s) of AT2 receptors remains obscure in the myocardium. Expression of the two receptor subtypes appears to be developmentally regulated, with high expression in the fetus followed by decreased expression in the early postnatal period. In end-stage failing human heart, expression of the two subtypes is differentially regulated, with selective downregulation of the AT1 subtype and unchanged or relative upregulation of the AT2 subtype. The selective AT1 receptor downregulation in failing human ventricular myocardium is similar to the behavior of β1-adrenergic receptors, and is “chamber-specific” or only present in failing chambers in the failing human heart. AT1 receptor downregulation in failing ventricular myocardium is likely caused directly or indirectly by activation of the cardiac renin–angiotensin system. Cardiac AT1 receptor downregulation is present in subjects treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, which suggests that blockade of AT1 receptors may be necessary to optimally inhibit adverse effects of angiotensin II. The overall effectiveness of selective AT1 receptor antagonist therapy will likely depend on the probable enhancement of unblocked AT2 receptor-mediated effects of Ang II in the failing human heart, the consequences of which are yet to be elucidated.
Expanded Roles of Physical Education Teachers within a CSPAP and Implications for PETE.

Since the early 1990s, notions about the purpose of physical education (PE) in the United States have increasingly aligned with a public health agenda driven by concerns that youth accrue too little physical activity (PA). In tandem with the shifting tides of thought about PE's purpose, authors have proposed numerous public health-aligned recommendations for physical educators in schools and teacher education. These ideologies and recommendations can be conceptually organized using the comprehensive school physical activity program (CSPAP) model, which includes five components: (1) physical education, (2) PA during school, (3) PA before and after school, (4) staff involvement, and (5) family and community engagement. This article discusses the expanded professional roles of the PE teacher within each CSPAP component, identifies specific strategies for performing these roles, and suggests learning tasks that physical education teacher education faculty can incorporate into their programs to help teacher ca...
Disparities in the Initial Local Treatment of Older Women with Early-Stage Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Study

Abstract Background: Although breast cancer is most prevalent among older women, the majority are diagnosed at an early stage. When diagnosed at an early stage, women have the option of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) plus radiation therapy (RT) or mastectomy for the treatment of early-stage breast cancer (ESBC). Omission of RT when receiving BCS increases the risk for recurrence and poor survival. Yet, a small subset of older women may omit RT after BCS. This study examines the current patterns of local treatment for ESBC among older women. Methods: This study conducted a retrospective observational analysis using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked dataset of women age ≥66 diagnosed with stage I-II breast cancer in 2003–2009. SEER-Medicare data was additionally linked with data from the Area Resource File (ARF) to examine the association between area-level healthcare resources and treatment. Two logistic regression models were used to estimate how study factors were as...
Socially Responsible Succession Planning

Because ownership and leadership transitions can potentially disrupt a business’ commitment to stakeholder interests and performance, understanding the succession intentions and behaviors of socially responsible businesses is important. We present an exploratory analysis of the relationship between engagement in social responsibility and succession planning in a sample of 14 CEOs of small and medium Vermont businesses. When socially responsible values are explicitly incorporated in succession planning, we denote this as socially responsible succession planning. Our qualitative analysis provides insight to the influence of leaders’ roles and values on businesses’ socially responsible conduct, succession planning and a particular type of succession planning, socially responsible succession planning. Implications for future research and management practice are discussed.
A Flexible Late Day Policy Reduces Stress and Improves Learning (Abstract Only)

We present a non-grade-penalty late day policy used in many of the large lecture, required courses in our computer science department. We study the effectiveness of this late day policy in reducing student stress, distributing demand for teaching assistant resources in peak hours before the homework deadline, and in maintaining or improving student understanding and homework grades. A complex late day policy can be efficiently implemented and managed within our open-source homework submission system that utilizes automated testing and grading, allowing students to submit and resubmit homeworks as they make progress on the assignment.
Unimem: runtime data managementon non-volatile memory-based heterogeneous main memory

Non-volatile memory (NVM) provides a scalable and power-efficient solution to replace DRAM as main memory. However, because of relatively high latency and low bandwidth of NVM, NVM is often paired with DRAM to build a heterogeneous memory system (HMS). As a result, data objects of the application must be carefully placed to NVM and DRAM for best performance. In this paper, we introduce a lightweight runtime solution that automatically and transparently manage data placement on HMS without the requirement of hardware modifications and disruptive change to applications. Leveraging online profiling and performance models, the runtime characterizes memory access patterns associated with data objects, and minimizes unnecessary data movement. Our runtime solution effectively bridges the performance gap between NVM and DRAM. We demonstrate that using NVM to replace the majority of DRAM can be a feasible solution for future HPC systems with the assistance of a software-based data management.
Deleterious Effect of RAS and Evolutionary High-risk TP53 Double Mutation in Colorectal Liver Metastases.

Objective:To assess the impact of somatic gene mutations on survival among patients undergoing resection of colorectal liver metastases (CLM).Background:Patients undergoing CLM resection have heterogeneous outcomes, and accurate risk stratification is necessary to optimize patient selection for surg
REDUCING ER USE THROUGH A TRAINEE-DESIGNED, INTERPROFESSIONAL CARE GROUP FOR HIGH-UTILIZING CHRONICALLY ILL PATIENTS: A PILOT PROGRAM.

Abstract Background Healthcare utilization is skewed to a subset of high-need, high-use patients, but optimal models of care are not known. Purpose To reduce emergency room (ER) use and hospital readmissions, trainees designed an innovative model of care delivery for chronically ill, high-utilizing adult patients. Methods Enrolled patients (N = 65) joined an interprofessional care program (nutrition, behavioral health, pharmacy, and care coordination), located in a single ambulatory clinic with extended hours. Results Evaluated by generalized linear mixed-effects models, the primary outcome of all-cause ER visits showed a significant decreasing trend after enrollment, from an increasing odds of ER visits (OR 1.07) in the 12-months prior to the program, compared to a decreasing trend post-enrollment (OR 0.88). Implementation and completion of the program was cost neutral. Discussion and conclusions This pilot supports team-based ambulatory care models that address the diverse needs of chronically ill patients, with a focus on improving select health services utilization.
Post-Exercise Ingestion of Low or High Molecular Weight Glucose Polymer Solution Does Not Improve Cycle Performance in Female Athletes.

The current study sought to evaluate the effects of postexercise ingestion of a high molecular weight (HMW) glucose polymer solution compared with an isocaloric low molecular weight (LMW) solution or placebo (PLA) on subsequent cycling performance in female athletes. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design, 10 competitive female cyclists (Mean +/- SD; Age = 25.7 +/- 5.0 years; V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak = 49.7 +/- 4.3 ml[middle dot]kg-1[middle dot]min-1) completed 3 testing sessions separated by 7-10 days. Visits consisted of a ride-to-exhaustion (RTE) at 75% V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak, followed by immediate consumption of 700 ml containing either: 1.2 g[middle dot]kg-1 LMW (maltodextrin/dextrose/fructose); 1.2 g[middle dot]kg-1 HMW (Vitargo); or 0.066 g[middle dot]kg-1 PLA (noncaloric flavoring). After 2 hours of rest, subjects performed a 15-minute time trial (TT). Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was assessed via indirect calorimetry during exercise. Total body water (TBW) was measured using bioelectrical impedance to assess fluid balance. When covaried for estrogen, there was no treatment effect on distance (km; p = 0.632) or power output (watts; p = 0.974) during the 15-minute TT. Respiratory exchange ratio was not significantly different during the LMW and HWM TTs (p > 0.999), but both were significantly higher than PLA (p = 0.039, p = 0.001, respectively). Changes in total body water pre-exercise to postexercise were not significantly different between trials (p = 0.777). Despite benefits of HMW on cycling performance previously reported in males, current results demonstrate no ergogenic effect of HMW or LMW in females. Sex differences in substrate utilization may account for the discrepancy, and further research involving performance nutrition for female athletes is merited.
Using a Capstone Case Study to Assess Student Learning on NASPAA Competencies

AbstractThe 2009 NASPAA standards have the potential to fundamentally change the assessment systems used by graduate public affairs programs. These standards require programs to focus on creating s...
RF-based 3D skeletons

This paper introduces RF-Pose3D, the first system that infers 3D human skeletons from RF signals. It requires no sensors on the body, and works with multiple people and across walls and occlusions. Further, it generates dynamic skeletons that follow the people as they move, walk or sit. As such, RF-Pose3D provides a significant leap in RF-based sensing and enables new applications in gaming, healthcare, and smart homes. RF-Pose3D is based on a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture that performs high-dimensional convolutions by decomposing them into low-dimensional operations. This property allows the network to efficiently condense the spatio-temporal information in RF signals. The network first zooms in on the individuals in the scene, and crops the RF signals reflected off each person. For each individual, it localizes and tracks their body parts - head, shoulders, arms, wrists, hip, knees, and feet. Our evaluation results show that RF-Pose3D tracks each keypoint on the human body with an average error of 4.2 cm, 4.0 cm, and 4.9 cm along the X, Y, and Z axes respectively. It maintains this accuracy even in the presence of multiple people, and in new environments that it has not seen in the training set. Demo videos are available at our website: http://rfpose3d.csail.mit.edu.
Fine root biomass, distribution, and production in young pine-hardwood stands

Patterns of fine root biomass, production, and distribution were estimated for pure stands and mixtures of three-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) with red maple (Acer rubrum L.) or black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) on the Virginia Piedmont to determine the role of fine roots in interference between pine and hardwood tree species. Estimates were based on amounts of live and dead fine roots separated from monthly core samples during the third growing season after planting. Live and dead fine root biomass and production varied by species, but mixtures of loblolly pine and black locust generally had greater fine root biomass and fine root production than pure stands or loblolly pine-red maple mixtures. Hardwood species had greater live fine root biomass per tree in mixtures with pine compared to pure stands. Greater live fine root biomass in pine-locust stands may be attributed to differential utilization of the soil volume by fine roots of these species. For all stands, approximately 50% of live five root biomass was located in the upper 10 cm of soil.
A rat model of pontine hemorrhage.

Approximately 15% of all strokes are due to intracerebral hemorrhage, and of these, 5 to 9% will occur in the pons, with mortality approximately 60% of the time. However, there is not an adequate animal model to fully address this important clinical problem.
Social Behavior and Parasites

The primary goal of this article is to evaluate the bidirectional interactions between parasites and vertebrate hosts, emphasizing the role that social behavior plays in this relationship. We review data illustrating that parasites alter social behavior through effects on the neurobiology that underlies the expression of vertebrate social behaviors. We then examine how the social behavior of animals can influence exposure to and transmission of parasites. To better understand the bidirectional relationship between parasites and host social behavior, both the proximate mechanisms and adaptive functions of these relationships are considered.
Adaptive Control Software for Processes with Significant Deadtime

A two-level adaptive controller uses an identified process model for deadtime compensation and an expert system to continuously adjust the closed loop response for a fast, stable response. The model identification is carried out a-periodically, as needed, without injection of a dither signal or other extraneous disturbances. Application of the control software to a laboratory head exchanger shows significantly improved performance over fixed parameter controllers.
A mathematical model to predict overcut during electrochemical discharge machining

Overcut is a major reason for the dimensional deviations, especially during high aspect ratio micromachining in electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM). Since electrolyte concentration plays a vital role in material removal, by understanding the effect of electrolyte concentration on the machined feature, it is possible to reduce the overcut associated with the ECDM process. This reduction in overcut was used in the study to drill high aspect ratio microholes in glass. The effect of concentration on the overcut is explained with an analytical model. The model considers the thermal effects on material removal for ECDM assuming a high-temperature chemical etching mechanism for the material removal. It describes the effect of electrolyte concentration as well as machining time on material removal. Results reveal that at the microscale, tool diameter has minimal effect on overcut for a given machining voltage. Microholes with aspect ratios as high as 12 were produced in glass in this study.
Event-Related Potential and Behavioral Correlates of Deafness to Change in the Identity and Location of Objects in Auditory Scenes

Failure to detect change in an auditory scene (i.e., change deafness) has been found to occur with alterations to object identities and the location of objects. Event-related potential (ERP) correl...
Sphingolipids as a novel target for the treatment of multiple myeloma.

e19534 Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy in the United States and accounts for ~10,600 deaths annually. MM remains an incurable disease and almost...