cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teachers' Perceived Usefulness of Strategy Microanalytic Assessment Information.

The current study examined special education teachers' ratings of the usefulness of strategy microanalytic assessment (SMA) (i.e., self-regulation, strategy use) and standardized norm-referenced assessment information (SNRA) (i.e., cognitive and academic skills). Ninety-six participants separately rated the frequency with which SMA and SNRA are used in schools and the usefulness of each report [i.e., Teacher Rating Questionnaire (TRQ)] for intervention planning about a case study. A mixed model experimental design revealed that even though SNRA information is more typical of the data provided in evaluation reports/Individualized Educational Programs, the SMA data were rated significantly more helpful than the SNRA for enhancing important school-related outcomes (e.g., test performance) as well as teacher-related roles (e.g., developing instructional plans). Despite the participants' consistent preference for SMA information, their overall TRQ ratings of the SNRA were positive. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 149–155, 2006.
A conceptual foundation of NSCW transport design using an MMT standard

This paper introduces the concept of Network Supported Collaborative Work (NSCW) and its transport design based on the emerging standard of MPEG Media Transport (MMT). Based on extra-high quality 4K video technologies, NSCW is being developed to realize effective remote-collaboration for business workspaces. MMT specifies technologies for the delivery of coded media data for multimedia services over the concatenation of heterogeneous packet based network segments including bidirectional IP networks and unidirectional digital broadcasting networks. One of the core technologies for delivery is forward error correction (FEC) codes. Simulation results using our proposed MMT FEC codes show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Why do young women get tested for sexually transmitted infections? Evidence from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health.

Abstract Purpose: Public health officials promote sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing as a method to reduce the morbidity of STIs. The purpose of this study was to examine what factors are associated with STI testing among young women across various types of STIs and to compare relative influences of factors across models. Methods: A secondary data analysis of data from Add Health Wave III was conducted (n=2629). Explanatory factors highlighted in qualitative literature were operationalized and built into a logistic regression model used to predict testing for chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, human papillomavirus (HPV), genital herpes, and HIV. Results: STI symptoms and concerns about a recent sexual encounter were important expressed reasons for seeking medical care. Number of sexual partners, sexual orientation, STI symptoms, and going to the gynecologist in the past 12 months were important predictors of testing across STIs. This study supports qualitative work that suggests preventive health c...
A Field-Based Approach for Determining ATOFMS Instrument Sensitivities to Ammonium and Nitrate

Aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS) instruments measure the size and chemical composition of individual particles in real-time. ATOFMS chemical composition measurements are difficult to quantify, largely because the instrument sensitivities to different chemical species in mixed ambient aerosols are unknown. In this paper, we develop a field-based approach for determining ATOFMS instrument sensitivities to ammonium and nitrate in size-segregated atmospheric aerosols, using tandem ATOFMS-impactor sampling. ATOFMS measurements are compared with collocated impactor measurements taken at Riverside, CA, in September 1996, August 1997, and October 1997. This is the first comparison of ion signal intensities from a single-particle instrument with quantitative measurements of atmospheric aerosol chemical composition. The comparison reveals that ATOFMS instrument sensitivities to both NH_4^+ and NO_3^- decline with increasing particle aerodynamic diameter over a 0.32−1.8 μm calibration range. The stability of this particle size dependence is tested over the broad range of fine particle concentrations (PM_(1.8) = 17.6 ± 2.0−127.8 ± 1.8 μg m^(-3)), ambient temperatures (23−35 °C), and relative humidity conditions (21−69%), encountered during the field experiments. This paper describes a potentially generalizable methodology for increasing the temporal and size resolution of atmospheric aerosol chemical composition measurements, using tandem ATOFMS-impactor sampling.
Revisional surgery for midface fractures: Malocclusion and malposition

Secondary deformities that result from midface fractures are seen even after proper care is delivered by the best physicians. Malpositioned or missing skeletal fragments provide a faulty foundation and disrupt the harmony of the overlying soft tissues. Weak bony support will lead to its collapse and cicatrical loss of soft-tissue volume, thereby compounding the challenge. Successful management hinges on the surgeon's ability to distill the disfigurement to its individual components. Symmetry is key to proper reconstruction in general and particularly, in the face. In addition, proper facial projection and height must be reestablished. Systematic evaluation of the midface, including position of the globes, orbits, zygomatic (facial) width, and occlusion, is paramount. Our basic approach to the evaluation of these deformities and particularly useful techniques for their correction are presented, along with a representative case
Solitary C1 spinal osteochondroma causing vertebral artery compression and acute cerebellar infarct

Osteochondroma is a common benign bone lesion, usually involving the long bones. Spinal involvement is rare. The clinical presentation of spinal osteochondroma varies according to the site of the lesion. The most common reported clinical presentation is secondary to encroachment of the lesion on the spinal canal or nerve roots. Less common presentations such as a palpable neck mass, dysphagia, sleep apnea, paralysis of left vocal cord or acute respiratory distress have been reported when the lesions compress the anatomic structures anteriorly. We describe a rare case of a young patient who presented with an emergent critical condition of acute cerebellar infarct as a result of vertebral artery compression caused by a solitary C1 spinal osteochondroma.
Dietary restrictions during adolescence and subsequent reproductive performance of turkey breeder males.

Abstract A study was conducted to investigate the effect of early dietary restriction of protein and/or energy on the subsequent reproductive ability of the torn. One hundred 8-week old Large White turkey toms (April hatch) were placed at random into four floor pens of 25 each and fed the following diets: group 1, 20.6% protein with 2.4 Mcal. M.E./kg. diet 8–12 weeks, 15.3% protein with 2.68 Mcal. 12–16 weeks, 10.4% protein with 2.85 Mcal. 16–24 weeks; group 2, 20.3% protein with 2.9 Mcal. 8–12 weeks, 14.8% protein with 2.98 Mcal. 12–16 weeks, 9.8% protein with 3.27 Mcal. 16–24 weeks; group 3, 22% protein with 2.4 Mcal. 8–12 weeks, 18.9% protein with 2.57 Mcal. 12–16 weeks, 16.3% protein with 2.81 Mcal. 16–24 weeks; group 4 (control), 22% protein with 2.91 Mcal. 8–12 weeks, 19% protein with 3.03 Mcal. 12–16 weeks, 15.9% protein with 3.17 Mcal. 16–24 weeks. Beginning with the 25th week all toms received a 14.3% protein diet with 2.8 Mcal. The restriction of energy significantly reduced the percentage of males producing semen, and the restriction of energy and both protein and energy significantly depressed semen volume per male in comparison with the average produced by the control males. Other reproductive traits were not affected by early dietary controls.
Sperm protein 17 is a suitable target for adoptive T-cell-based immunotherapy in human ovarian cancer.

For ovarian cancer (OC) patients with advanced or metastatic disease, standard treatments (chemotherapy and radiotherapy) are not very effective and have undesirable side effects. Newer and more promising approaches in cancer treatment use components of the immune system. In this study, we applied an adoptive immunotherapy-based approach using a cancer testis antigen, sperm protein 17, as a target for the treatment of human metastatic OC in a NOD.CB17-PrkDccid/J (nonobese, diabetic severe combined immunodeficient) mouse model. We used the human SK-OV-3A2.A3 OC cell line, endogenously expressing sperm protein 17, to induce tumor growth in mice. We provide direct evidence, for the first time, that in vitro cultured, monoclonal, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (derived either from advanced OC patients or from healthy donors), specific for sperm protein 17, can eradicate human metastatic OC cells. In addition, we observed no evidence of autoimmunity after histologic examination of the tissue sections adding to the safety profile of our approach.
Pharmacological Onomastics: What's in a name?

Drugs are named for their primary receptor target and overt action (agonism, antagonism) but the observation of multiple or collateral efficacies emanating from drugs activating a single receptor target is posing a challenge for drug classification and nomenclature. With increasing abilities to detect alteration in cellular function has come the identification of efficacies that are not necessarily manifest in obvious changes in cell response. Specifically, some agonists selectively activate cellular pathways, demonstrate phenotypic behaviour associated with cell type and some antagonists actively induce receptor internalization without activation. In addition, the effects of allosteric modulators can be linked to the nature of the co-binding ligand posing a similar complication in classification and naming. Thus, accurate labels for this new generation of selective drugs may require identification of receptor partners (G-protein type, β-arrestin) or pathway or, in the case of allosteric modulators, identification of co-binding ligands. The association of distinct phenotypic behaviours with molecules opens the opportunity to better associate clinical effects with distinct pharmacological properties.
PCS: An IBM-compatible microcomputer program for the analysis and display of voltage-clamp data

Abstract A program for IBM-compatible microcomputers is described which facilitates the analysis and manipulation of voltage-clamp data. PCS accepts pCLAMP acquired data as well as data from a more generalized binary data file. This cursor-driven program permits four modes of analysis: peak detection, averaging, integration and curve fitting, with direct graphical feedback of the results. Graphs of analysis results, such as current versus voltage relations (I–V curves), with tabulated data can be concisely printed using a HP Laserjet III. Selected current traces may also be plotted using the HP Laserjet III or exported to an ASCII comma and quotation mark delimited file suitable for import to a spreadsheet program.
On frequencies of elastic beams with random imperfections

Abstract Based upon a lumped-parameter model approach followed by a passage to the limit, a method is presented for the analysis of natural frequencies of elastic beams having randomly varying characteristics. The randomness may be due to material inhomogeneities or geometrical imperfections. Statistical properties of the transverse vibrational frequencies of a simply supported elastic beam are derived assuming that the beam stiffness varies with position in a random manner.
Physics-based simulation of the impact of demand response on lead-acid emergency power availability in a datacenter

Abstract This paper uses a one-dimensional, physics-based model of a valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) battery to examine the impact of demand response on uninterruptible power supply (UPS) availability in a datacenter. Datacenters are facilities that provide services such as cloud computing, web search, etc. They are also large electricity consumers. An energy-efficient 15 MW datacenter, for instance, may pay $1 m per month for electricity. Datacenters often utilize VRLA batteries to ensure high reliability in serving their computational demand. This motivates the paper's central question: to what extent does the use of datacenter UPS batteries for demand response affect their availability for their primary purpose (namely, emergency power)? We address this question using a physics-based model of the coupled diffusion-reaction dynamics of VRLA batteries. We discretize this model using finite differences, and simulate it for different datacenter battery pack sizes. The results show that for a typical datacenter power demand profile, a VRLA battery pack sized for UPS functionality can provide demand response with only a minimal loss of UPS availability.
Peripheral innervation of the stapedius muscle of the cat: An electron microscopic study

Abstract The nerve supply to the stapedius muscle of the cat was evaluated with regard to the number and diameters of the myelinated fibers and the number of unmyelinated fibers. An average of 1054 myelinated fibers and 7272 unmyelinated fibers were found. The diameters of the myelinated fibers were from less than 1 μm to 10 μm with the peak between 3 and 4 μm. Studies of Wallerian degeneration after intracranial transection of the VII and VIII cranial nerves indicated that 84% of the myelinated fibers were motor and 16% were sensory. There was no significant change in the number of unmyelinated fibers after transection.
Investigation of the compound formed at a platinum-mercury interface

Summary The compound formed at the platinum-mercury interface in mercury-coated platinum electrodes has been identified as PtHg4 by X-ray diffraction techniques. Electrochemical studies of cells of the type Hg|Hg2C12|0.1 N KC1|Hg2C12|PtHg4 have established ΔE0=87 mV, corresponding to a standard free energy of formation of PtHg4 Pt+4Hg→PtHg4 of −8.0 kcal mol−1 at 25°C.
Sequential estimation of the mean in a random coefficient autoregressive model with beta marginals

Random coefficient autoregressive processes with beta marginals provide a useful family of models for data that are both bounded and dependent over time. We obtain results on sample-size efficient sequential estimation of the mean for such processes.
Immunoglobulin Concentration, Specific Gravity, and Nitrogen Fractions of Colostrum from Jersey Cattle'

Colostrum samples from 88 Jersey cows were analyzed for concentrations of IgG, IgM, IgA, total solids, specific gravity, and N fractions. Colostrum (50 ml) was sampled from each cow as soon as possible after parturition, and specific gravity was determined immediately using a hydrometer. Samples then were frozen prior to analysis of Ig, fat, and N fractions. Mean concentrations of IgG, IgM, and IgA were 65.8, 2.4, and 1.7 g/L, respectively. Concentration of IgG was lower, and IgA was higher, in colostrum from second lactation cows than from first lactation cows or from cows in third or later lactations; IgM increased linearly as lactation number increased. Total N, protein N, noncasein N, and fat contents also were lower in second lactation cows. Regression of total Ig (grams per liter) on specific gravity was -1172 + 1180 x specific gravity (r2 = .38). Relationship of total Ig to specific gravity differed from colostrum of Holstein cattle and may have been related to differences in fat and noncasein N concentrations. Use of specific gravity hydrometer to estimate Ig concentration using equations derived from Holstein cattle appears to underestimate Ig concentration in colostrum from Jersey cattle.
Membrane permeability equations and their solutions for red cells.

The mathematical equations for the transport of nonelectrolytes across cell membranes are critically examined and cast in forms suitable for solution which involve fewer approximations than has heretofore been commonly done. For the case of red cells, the equations are developed to include the effect of the variation in apparent nonosmotic water owing to the variation in hemoglobin concentration as the cell swells or shrinks. Two methods of solution of the equations are developed and studied and sample calculations are provided. It is shown that the solutions to the linearized equations commonly found in the literature are insufficiently accurate for some purposes and this inaccuracy is avoided by the methods given here. The importance of retaining the effects of variations in apparent nonosmotic water and in solute volume in the cell is demonstrated.
PC-CUBE, a personal computer based hypercube

PC-CUBE is an ensemble of IBM PCs or close compatibles connected in the hypercube topology with ordinary computer cables. Communication occurs at the rate of 115.2 K-baud via the RS-232 serial links. Available for PC-CUBE is the Crystalline Operating System III (CrOS III), Mercury Operating System, CUBIX and PLOTIX which are parallel I/O and graphics libraries. A CrOS performance monitor was developed to facilitate the measurement of communication and computation time of a program and their effects on performance. Also available are CXLISP, a parallel version of the XLISP interpreter; GRAFIX, some graphics routines for the EGA and CGA; and a general execution profiler for determining execution time spent by program subroutines. PC-CUBE provides a programming environment similar to all hypercube systems running CrOS III, Mercury and Cubix. In addition, every node (personal computer) has its own graphics display monitor and storage devices. These allow data to be displayed or stored at every processor, which has much instructional value and enables easier debugging of applications. Some application programs which are taken from the book Solving Problems on Concurrent Processors [Fox 88] were implemented with graphics enhancement on PC-CUBE. The applications range from solving the Mandelbrot set, Laplace equation, wave equation, long range force interaction, to Wa-Tor, an ecological simulation.
Concepts and Controversies in the Management of Group B Streptococcus During Pregnancy

Background: Group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus colonizes 20 percent of pregnant women. Intrapartum fetal colonization leads to invasive disease in 1 to 2 infants of every 1000 births in the United States, and has a mortality of approximately 6 percent. Several protocols using intrapartum chemoprophylaxis have been devised to improve management of the disease, but confusion continues about details and implementation. This review examined the clinical issues, current management protocols, and advantages and disadvantages of these protocols for group B streptococcus. Methods: We reviewed the literature and described the epidemiology, detection methods, risk factors, neonatal disease potential of group B streptococcus, and the historical development of management protocols. Two current alternatives, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' risk-based protocol and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's screening-based protocol, are described and compared. Results: The risk-based protocol does not entail antepartum screening, but treats women with certain risk factors during labor. The screening-based protocol includes cultures at 35 to 37 weeks' gestation, and offers intrapartum prophylaxis to all women with positive cultures. Uncultured women with risk factors are treated. Both protocols involve high rates of intrapartum antibiotic use and both may significantly lower rates of neonatal group B streptococcus sepsis (screening-based more than risk-based for both). The risk-based approach is simpler than the screening-based approach. Conclusions: Practitioners should select one of the two protocols and use it consistently. The differences in efficacy are small; a practitioner may not see a difference in outcomes over the course of his or her career, although more antibiotics will be administered using the screening-based approach. (BIRTH 25:1, March, 1998)
Complete All-Optical Silica Fiber Isolator via Stimulated Brillouin Scattering

This study demonstrates the theoretical operation of an all-optical silica fiber isolator using stimulated Brillouin scattering. Two pump sources that copropagate through a double-mode fiber generate acoustic waves through electrostriction. These acoustic waves then induce unidirectional interband optical transitions between a separate pair of signal sources. With 1 W of total input pump power, complete optical isolation is achieved with a silica rod waveguide of radius 0.67 μm over a length of approximately 12 m, with pumps operating at a wavelength of 1.55 μm and signals at 1.50 μm.
Role of temperature in triggering migratory behavior of the adult tautog Tautoga onitis under laboratory conditions

Adult tautog Tautoga onitis, a marine temperate-water labrid, migrate each fall from inshore summering grounds to offshore overwintering sites. In a previous laboratory study, when adults were held under natural fall-winter cycles of temperature and photoperiod, changes in behavior, indicative of migration, occurred at the same time as their fall migration in nature. In the present study when fish were held under natural photoperiod in summer but with decreasing fall-winter temperature, while highly variable and transient components of migratory behavior were observed, no sustained trend was evident. Then, in the fall, under a naturally changing photoperiod but at simulated summer temperature, no trace of migratory behavior was observed. These findings indicate that temperature appears to play a leading role in triggering the fall migration of the species. The significance of these results and their ecological implications is discussed.
Quantifying the progression of dynamic recrystallization in severe shear deformation at high strain rates

This paper examines the onset and progression of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) phenomena under shear deformation conditions characterized by strains >1 and strain rates >102/s by purposing large strain machining (LSM) as a test of microstructure response. To accomplish this, samples are created using LSM while characterizing the deformation using digital image correlation and infrared thermography. Microstructural consequences resulting from the characterized thermomechanical conditions are examined using electron backscattered diffraction. The progression of DRX is measured by identifying the threshold of grain orientation spread demarcating the onset of recrystallization and utilizing this threshold to segregate the microstructure and quantify the extent of DRX. A model for the onset of DRX as a function of thermomechanics of deformation is presented. This characterization can help understand surface microstructures resulting from shear-based manufacturing processes, such as turning, milling, shaping, etc., that are created under analogous thermomechanical conditions.
Designing AAC interfaces for commercial brain-computer interaction gaming hardware

Augmentative and Alternative Communication devices strive to provide improved independence for people with severe speech and motor impairments. Recent advances in neural technology have led to devices that can allow the use of electrical signals from the brain to be used as a means of interaction with computers. In this paper we report on the application of a low-cost implementation of this technology to allow for greater independence when using computers.
Delay in seeking medical advice among tuberculosis patients

Summary Relationships between delay in seeking medical advice and various demographic, social and psychological factors were studied in a sample of 64 negro and white patients at Charity Hospital in New Orleans. Delay of one month or more in seeking medical advice after symptoms were noticed was associated with being younger in age, except for white males, a middle or oldest child, living as an adult in a large family, allowing a relative or friend to make the decision about obtaining medical advice, use of self-treatment, and a relatively optimistic attitude toward the future. Social maladjustment was common among these patients, as evidenced by low educational achievement, irregular and unskilled employment, disrupted families, and alcoholism. The trend toward delay being greater among the relatively better educated and more skilled deserves additional investigation. However, the positive associations with longer delay found suggest that the most important factors determining how these patients reacted to serious illness are related to personality characteristics and are more emotional than intellectual.
The herbicide atrazine activates endocrine gene networks via non-steroidal NR5A nuclear receptors in fish and mammalian cells.

Atrazine (ATR) remains a widely used broadleaf herbicide in the United States despite the fact that this s-chlorotriazine has been linked to reproductive abnormalities in fish and amphibians. Here, using zebrafish we report that environmentally relevant ATR concentrations elevated zcyp19a1 expression encoding aromatase (2.2 µg/L), and increased the ratio of female to male fish (22 µg/L). ATR selectively increased zcyp19a1, a known gene target of the nuclear receptor SF-1 (NR5A1), whereas zcyp19a2, which is estrogen responsive, remained unchanged. Remarkably, in mammalian cells ATR functions in a cell-specific manner to upregulate SF-1 targets and other genes critical for steroid synthesis and reproduction, including Cyp19A1, StAR, Cyp11A1, hCG, FSTL3, LHs, INHα, αGSU, and 11s-HSD2. Our data appear to eliminate the possibility that ATR directly affects SF-1 DNA- or ligand-binding. Instead, we suggest that the stimulatory effects of ATR on the NR5A receptor subfamily (SF-1, LRH-1, and zff1d) are likely mediated by receptor phosphorylation, amplification of cAMP and PI3K signaling, and possibly an increase in the cAMP-responsive cellular kinase SGK-1, which is known to be upregulated in infertile women. Taken together, we propose that this pervasive and persistent environmental chemical alters hormone networks via convergence of NR5A activity and cAMP signaling, to potentially disrupt normal endocrine development and function in lower and higher vertebrates.
B cells require “nurturing” by CD4 T cells during development in order to respond in chronic graft-versus-host model of systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract The murine chronic GVH (cGVH) model of SLE is induced by allo-recognition of foreign major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II determinants. Previous studies have shown that syngeneic CD4+ T cells are needed during B cell development in order to induce cGVH response in CD4KO mice. Our present studies show that B cells require “nurturing” by CD4 T cells through much of their ontogeny in order to respond to allo-signaling and become autoreactive. The nurturing process does not require antigen-specific cognate interactions between CD4 T cells and B cells. It is mediated by IL-4, but not IL-10, IL-6 and IFN-γ. The CD4 T cell nurturing may be supplanted by large doses of IL-4 and/or by agonistic anti-CD40 mAb. Understanding the mechanism of this “nurturing” process may yield clues to the role of CD4 T cells in lupus and in host defense in general.
Role of Non-Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Platinum-based chemotherapy regimens have been the mainstay of systemic chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC. However, substantial toxicity impairs the survival and symptom control advantages of cisplatin- and even carboplatin-containing regimens. With the advent of newer active agents in the 1990s, investigators began conducting clinical studies with the aim of potentially eliminating platinum from initial therapy for patients with advanced NSCLC. Conceptually, three major hypotheses were tested in phase III trials: (i) single, non-platinum agents are equal in efficacy to platinum in combination with these agents; (ii) non-platinum combinations are potentially more effective than platinum-based therapy; and (iii) non-platinum combinations are at least equally efficacious, but less toxic than, platinum-based therapy. An overall analysis of phase III data indicates that combinations of these newer agents with platinum are superior to the single agent alone and that combinations of non-platinum agents are no more effective than platinum-based therapy. Non-platinum therapy has a different and perhaps marginally improved toxicity spectrum compared with platinum-based therapy. In the few studies utilizing a formal quality-of-life analysis, no differences have been detected. Therefore, while several non-platinum regimens have been validated in phase III trials as reasonable alternatives to platinum-based therapy, they have not been proven to be clearly superior.
Long-term outcomes in the second-line treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia: a review of tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a progressive and often fatal myeloproliferative neoplasm. The hallmark of CML is an acquired chromosomal translocation known as the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph), which results in the synthesis of the breakpoint cluster region-Abelson murine leukemia (BCR-ABL) fusion oncoprotein, a constitutively active tyrosine kinase. The introduction of imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that is specific for BCR-ABL, was a major breakthrough in CML therapy. Although most patients respond to first-line imatinib therapy, some experience loss of response (resistance) or require treatment discontinuation because of toxicity (intolerance). For patients with CML, failure on standard-dose imatinib therapy (400 mg daily), imatinib dose escalation (600-800 mg daily) is a second-line option. However, high-dose imatinib is not an appropriate approach for patients who experience drug toxicity, and there remain questions over the durability of responses achieved with this strategy. Alternative second-line options include the TKIs dasatinib and nilotinib. A substantial amount of long-term data for these agents is available. Although both are potent and specific BCR-ABL TKIs, dasatinib and nilotinib exhibit unique pharmacologic profiles and response patterns relative to different patient characteristics, such as disease stage and BCR-ABL mutation status. To optimize therapeutic benefit, clinicians should select treatment based on each patient's historic response, adverse-event tolerance, and risk factors.
The effect of multiple sources of uncertainty on the convex hull of material properties of polycrystals

Quantification and propagation of uncertainty in process conditions and initial microstructure on the final product properties in a deformation process are presented. The stochastic deformation problem is modeled using a sparse grid collocation approach that allows the utilization of a deterministic simulator to build interpolants of the main solution variables in the stochastic support space. The ability of the method in estimating the statistics of the macro-scale microstructure-sensitive properties and constructing the convex hull of these properties is shown through examples featuring randomness in initial texture and process parameters. A data-driven model reduction methodology together with a maximum entropy approach are used for representing randomness in initial texture in Rodrigues space. Comparisons are made with the results obtained from the Monte-Carlo method.
Detection of naturally expressed receptors for gastrin-releasing peptide and tachykinins using cyanine 3-labelled neuropeptides.

Peptides labelled with the fluorophore cyanine 3 were used to study naturally expressed neuropeptide receptors by confocal microscopy in continuous cell lines, primary cultures, and unfixed tissue. Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts bound cyanine 3-gastrin-releasing peptide at 4°C, and internalized the peptide after 10 min at 37°C. Internalization was specific, since it was blocked by incubation with unlabelled peptide. Primary cultures of myenteric neurons of the guinea pig incubated with cyanine 3-substance P at 4°C had specific surface labelling. After 30 s at 37°C, the peptide was internalized into vesicles in both the soma and neurites. Direct observation of live neurons showed movement of fluorescent vesicles to a perinuclear region after 30 min. Endocytosis was associated with a loss of surface binding sites. Unfixed whole mounts of guinea pig and rat ileum were incubated with cyanine 3-neurokinin A at 4°C. After 5 min at 37°C, Cy3-neurokinin A was specifically internalized in neurons and smooth muscle cells. After 30 min, a perinuclear labelling occurred in some cells. Labelling in rat neurons was diminished by the NK3-R antagonist SR142801. Thus, cyanine 3-neuropeptides are valuable tools to study expression and endocytosis of naturally expressed receptors.
Near-Infrared Emission Lines of V723 Cassiopeiae (Nova Cassiopeiae 1995)

Near-infrared spectroscopy (0.8-2.5 μm) from two epochs is presented for the very slow nova V723 Cassiopeiae (=Nova Cassiopeiae 1995). Its bright, comparatively narrow emission lines (FWHM ~ 500 km s-1) make it ideal for determining wavelengths of unidentified emission lines that appear in the nebular/coronal stages of novae. We present wavelengths for 16 previously unobserved or unidentified features and search for identifications by looking for coincidences with known atomic transitions. For a candidate transition, the likely abundance of the parent ion is considered and then a collisional, fluorescent, or recombination process capable of exciting the feature is sought. Four of the lines are identified in this manner, all of them collisionally excited, forbidden transitions. One of these, [Ti VII] λ22050, is a new coronal line that de-excites directly to the ground state. Three other lines are associated with transitions from collisionally excited, low-lying, metastable levels of Fe+5. Of the remaining unidentified features, five, with wavelengths of 8926, 11110, 11900, 15545, and 20996 A, have been observed in other novae. Comparing the time development of these features with the [S VIII] λ9913 coronal line indicates that all have parent ions of lower excitation (<280 eV) than S+7.
On Beale's Measures of Non-linearity

Measures of non-linearity that have been developed by Beale (1960a), are designed to indicate when the degree of non-linearity in a non-linear estimation problem is small enough to justify using the usual linear model theory results as approximations. The validity and usefulness of the measures is examined by means of numerical examples. Explanations for the behaviour of the measures is offered and the results are discussed.
John Orcutt Selected as Editor of New Open‐Access Journal

John Orcutt will serve as the inaugural editor of AGU's newest open-access journal, Earth and Space Science. Orcutt is a distinguished professor of geophysics at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego and former president and general secretary of AGU.
A New Cu(II) Side-on Peroxo Model Clarifies the Assignment of the Oxyhemocyanin Raman Spectrum

The most intense vibrational feature in the UV rR spectrum of oxyhemocyanin is a band at 267−296 cm-1 which has been assigned as either a Cu−Cu stretch or a Cu−N(His)axial stretch. Cu(II)2 side-on peroxo models utilizing bidentate diamine ligand systems retain this vibrational feature, confirming the Cu−Cu stretch assignment. The identity and enhancement behavior of this mode make it an ideal diagnostic of the side-on peroxo Cu2O2 core.
Adolescent girls' parasocial interactions with media figures.

ABSTRACT We examined aspects of adolescent girls’ parasocial interactions in the context of typical development. Parasocial interactions are defined as symbolic, one-sided quasi-interactions between a viewer and a media figure. In total, 107 adolescent girls were examined; 94% reported engaging in parasocial interactions to some degree. Preoccupied attachment style predicted the degree of involvement in and emotional intensity of parasocial interactions. Results suggest that parasocial interactions are characteristic of girls with preoccupied attachment, but are also part of normative development.
RDA Display and the General Material Designation: An Innovative Solution

This article describes a simple and innovative solution, for libraries using MARC-based Integrated Library Systems (ILS), to compensate for the removal of the General Material Designation (GMD) from individual Resource Description and Access (RDA) bibliographic records in public displays. The solution is both a textual and visual one, based on the development of a text/icon combination, with an icon generated from the MARC leader code for material type, and then associated with the text from MARC tag 338, Carrier Type. The solution will work for all Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition (AACR2) and hybrid records as well.
Separability conditions from entropic uncertainty relations

We derive a collection of separability conditions for bipartite systems of dimension $d\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}d$ which is based on the entropic version of the uncertainty relations. A detailed analysis of the two-qubit case is given by comparing the new separability conditions with existing criteria.
Forebrain structures regulating flight behavior in the cat

The present study was conducted to determine the role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and preoptic region in the regulation of hypothalamically elicited flight behavior in the cat. The general paradigm involved concurrent electrical stimulation of sites in the hypothalamus from which flight responses were elicited and of the BNST or preoptic region from which modulation of flight behavior was attempted. Electrical stimulation of the dorsal and ventral preoptic region modulated flight behavior in opposing ways. Suppression of flight behavior resulted from stimulation of the BNST and ventral aspect of the preoptic region, while facilitation of the behavioral response followed stimulation of the dorsal aspect of the preoptic region.
Effect of calcium on microstructure and meltability of part skim mozzarella cheese.

Abstract The role of calcium in the microstructure of part skim Mozzarella cheese was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Part skim Mozzarella cheeses with 4 calcium levels (control 0.65%, T 1 0.48%, T 2 , 0.42%, and T 3 0.35%) were manufactured and stored at 4°C. Microstructure and meltability of cheeses were studied on d 1 and 30. The micrographs were analyzed for numbers, area, perimeter, roundness, and size of the fat particles. Reduced calcium cheeses had greater meltability and more hydrated protein matrix with greater number of fat particles (control = 125, T 1 = 193, T 2 = 184, and T 3 = 215 with SEM and control=86, T 1 =87, T 2 = 125, and T 3 = 140 with CLSM). Further, area and perimeter of these fat particles were also greater in reduced calcium cheeses. Area, perimeter, and size of fat particles increased and their roundness decreased upon storage of 30 d. Decrease in free serum in the protein matrix of all cheeses upon refrigerated storage was evident from the CLSM. Hydrated protein network and better emulsified fat in low calcium cheeses might have improved melt properties of Mozzarella cheese.
LM-g splines☆

Abstract As an extension of the notion of an L-g spline, three mathematical structures called LM-g splines of types I, II, and III are introduced. Each is defined in terms of two differential operators L = D n + ∑ j=0 n−1 a j (t)D j and M = ∑ i=0 m b i (t)D i , where n ⩾ m ges; 0, n > 0, D = d dt the coefficients aj, j = 0,…, n − 1, and bi, i = 0,…, m, are sufficiently smooth; and bm is bounded away from zero on [0, T]. Each of the above types of splines is the solution of an optimization problem more general than the one used in the definition of the L-g spline and hence it is recognized as an entity which is distinct from and more general mathematically than the L-g spline. The LM-g splines introduced here reduce to an L-g spline in the special case in which m = 0 and b0 = constant ≠ 0. After the existence and uniqueness conditions, characterization, and best approximation properties for the proposed splines are obtained in an appropriate reproducing kernel Hilbert space framework, their usefulness in extending the range of applicability of spline theory to problems in estimation, optimal control, and digital signal processing are indicated. Also, as an extension of recent results in the generalized spline literature, state variable models for the LM-g splines introduced here are exhibited, based on which existing least squares algorithms can be used for the recursive calculation of these splines from the data.
CogSketch: open-domain sketch understanding for cognitive science research and for education

In this paper, we describe CogSketch, an open-domain sketch understanding system built on the nuSketch architecture. CogSketch captures the multi-modal, unconstrained nature of sketching by focusing on reasoning over recognition. We describe this approach, as well as two application domains for CogSketch: cognitive modeling, and education.
Topology of Earth's climate indices and phase-locked states

Abstract Phase-locked states in Earth's climate system were identified in a study of a set of climate indices by Swanson and Tsonis (2009) [1] (ST). They reported five climate shift events since 1900 based upon features in a phase-locking parameter S . The present study finds that sets of climate indices have important topological properties such as a metric diameter D that describes the magnitude of phase locking among the indices. Minima in D as a function of time are shown to be associated with climate shifts. Eighteen strong events since 1870 are identified, including the five reported by ST. Ten of these minima correspond to reported events such as the well documented “climate shift of the mid-1970s” and the more recent climate shift of 2001–2002. Most climate shifts tend toward radiative equilibrium.
ARWin - a desktop augmented reality Window Manager

We present ARWin, a single user 3D augmented reality desktop. We explain our design considerations and system architecture and discuss a variety of applications and interaction techniques designed to take advantage of this new platform.
Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Female Authority

Attitudes toward female authority and their relationship to gender beliefs were examined using implicit and explicit measures of each. Implicit attitudes covaried with implicit gender authority beliefs (i.e., linking men to high-authority and women to low-authority roles). Explicit attitudes covaried with explicit gender authority beliefs, feminist identification, and hostile sexism. Thus, gender authority beliefs may influence both conscious and unconscious prejudice against female authorities. Although women showed less explicit prejudice than did men, their implicit attitudes were similarly negative. Finally, the relationship found between two different response latency methods (a priming task for attitudes, a categorization task for beliefs) supports the assumption that implicit measures assess similar constructs (i.e., automatic associations in long-term memory).
Changes in the surface roughness of snow from millimetre to metre scales

Abstract The roughness of snow influences the movement of air across the snow surface and resulting transfers of energy. Here we focus on the roughness of the snowpack surface to determine its range of variability for different snow conditions (e.g., time since last snowfall), across spatial scales that ranged from 0.01 cm (card) to more than 1000 cm (transect) or more than 5-orders of magnitude, and due to the deposition of aeolian constituents. Digital photogrammetry of snow surfaces was used to compute two roughness metrics at two mountain sites in north-central Colorado. These metrics are the random roughness (RR) that disregards the spatial structure and the fractal dimension (D) computed from variogram analysis. At the crystal scale, D is between 1.67 (card) and 1.60 (board), which increases to 1.77 between 0.1 and 1.0 cm. At longer scales, D is 1.53 (board) to 1.56 (transect). There was no significant change in surface roughness during the accumulation season, with RR values at about 0.002. During the melt season the surface roughness doubled, with the RR values increasing from about 0.002 to 0.004. Snow was more rough parallel to the wind when dunes were present, and roughness varied spatially. The average RR value computed for the white snow surface of 0.014 is substantially greater than the value computed for the red dust surface of 0.0032. Due to undulations of smaller amplitude and as a result of the dust itself, the red dust surface is more random (D is 2.62 versus 2.23 for the white snow). Our results show that there is consistency in roughness over different scales, yet large scale processes (e.g., wind and radiation activity) influence the magnitude of roughness metrics much more than small scale processes (e.g., crystal form and metamorphism).
Modeling and control of HVOF thermal spray processing of WC–Co coatings

Abstract This work focuses on the modeling and feedback control of the high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) thermal spray processing of WC–Co coatings. A first-principles-based process model is proposed to explore the fluid dynamics and particle inflight behavior in the HVOF flow field. Rule-based stochastic simulation, which encapsulates the main features involved in the deposition process, is used to capture the evolution of coating microstructure. The multiscale modeling of HVOF thermal spray process reveals that the velocity and melting degree of particles at the point of impact on the substrate play a very important role in the formation of coating microstructure, which in turn, can be almost independently controlled by pressure and fuel/oxygen ratio, respectively. Based on model predictions and available experimental observations, the control problem is formulated as the one of regulating volume-based averages of particle velocity and melting degree at impact on the substrate by manipulating the feed rate of air, oxygen and fuel at the entrance of the thermal spray gun, through which the pressure and oxygen/fuel ratio can be independently adjusted. A feedback control system is then developed and applied to a detailed mathematical model of the process. Closed-loop simulations show that the feedback controller is effective in driving the controlled outputs to the desired set-point values and also robust with respect to various kinds of disturbances in the operating environment.