cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IBM: The Rise and Fall and Reinvention of a Global Icon

A history of one of the most influential American companies of the last century. For decades, IBM shaped the way the world did business. IBM products were in every large organization, and IBM corporate culture established a management style that was imitated by companies around the globe. It was "Big Blue, " an icon. And yet over the years, IBM has gone through both failure and success, surviving flatlining revenue and forced reinvention. The company almost went out of business in the early 1990s, then came back strong with new business strategies and an emphasis on artificial intelligence. In this authoritative, monumental history, James Cortada tells the story of one of the most influential American companies of the last century. Cortada, a historian who worked at IBM for many years, describes IBM's technology breakthroughs, including the development of the punch card (used for automatic tabulation in the 1890 census), the calculation and printing of the first Social Security checks in the 1930s, the introduction of the PC to a mass audience in the 1980s, and the company's shift in focus from hardware to software. He discusses IBM's business culture and its orientation toward employees and customers; its global expansion; regulatory and legal issues, including antitrust litigation; and the track records of its CEOs. The secret to IBM's unequalled longevity in the information technology market, Cortada shows, is its capacity to adapt to changing circumstances and technologies.
Mental Health and Medical Education

According to the National Institute of Mental Health, nearly one in five adults in the USA met criteria for a mental illness in the year 2016. Among the most common mental health challenges that are present in young adulthood are anxiety disorders and mood disorders (including depression). Given the probability of mental health challenges during medical school, students, faculty, and administrators should arm themselves with information regarding the most prevalent mental health challenges, how these impact medical students specifically, approaches to mitigating the impact of mental health challenges, the legal requirement for the provision of reasonable accommodations for students with psychological disabilities, and accreditation guidelines for health-care services and well-being programs.
Urinary Bladder and Urachus

Biopsies from the urinary bladder are challenging and it may be difficult to differentiate normal from benign or reactive processes, and even from low-grade neoplastic processes. This chapter addresses these common problems by profiling immunohistochemical stains that change their patterns of expression from that of normal urothelium, including both the cellular layers and cellular compartments in which markers are expressed. Morphologic patterns of urothelial carcinoma that cause diagnostic dilemmas are also included, such as glandular lesions of both primary and metastatic origin, and lesions with variant histologic growth patterns. Staining patterns of urachal neoplasms and their differential diagnoses are addressed. Nephrogenic adenomas of the urothelial tract and their mimics are covered. Although uncommon, the differential diagnosis of spindle cell lesions is also addressed.
Treatment of Trauma: Imaginative Minds of Dissociative Identify Disorder:

If childhood trauma leads to dissociation, then this coping mechanism is powered by the imagination, creativity, consciousness, and similar areas of cognitive function. The goal of this article is ...
Interplay Among PI3K/AKT, PTEN/FOXO and AR Signaling in Prostate Cancer.

The PI3K signaling pathway is activated in a majority of cancer types. It promotes tumorigenesis by regulating nutrient metabolism, cell proliferation, survival, migration, and angiogenesis. The underlying mechanisms of PI3K/AKT activation are mainly due to deletions or mutations in its key negative regulator gene—PTEN. However, mutations in other pathway genes, such as the tumor suppressor gene SPOP, may contribute indirectly to the activation of this pathway. Interestingly, a mutually exclusive relationship exists between genomic alterations in PTEN and mutations in SPOP in prostate cancer patients, suggesting that altered functions of these two tumor suppressors might share similar or at least partially overlapping mechanisms in tumorigenesis. Activated AKT can phosphorylate directly a number of downstream effectors and thereby inhibit or activate their functions. An important target of PI3K/AKT signaling is FOXO1 protein that can be phosphorylated directly by AKT leading to translocation of FOXO1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. This not only impairs FOXO1 activities on transactivation of downstream target genes, but also abolishes its transcriptional activity-independent inhibitory effect on other targets such as AR, ERG and RUNX2. Interestingly, heterozygous deletion of Pten, or mutation of Spop alone has minimal effects on tumorigenesis in the mouse prostate, suggesting that PI3K/AKT pathway interacts with other pathways to drive prostate cancer progression. Indeed, the cross talk between PI3K/AKT and other pathways, such as AR, WNT, and ERK signaling pathways is known to play essential roles in disease progression and drug resistance in prostate cancer. Therefore, co-targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and its cooperating pathways may be critical for improving the anti-cancer efficacy of PI3K/AKT inhibitors in the clinic.
The passage of a bubble or a drop past an obstruction in a channel

The passage of a fluid particle (bubble or a drop) past an obstruction in a rectangular channel is examined by numerical simulation, focusing on the disruption of the wake and the trajectory of the fluid particle. The flow is laminar, and the wake is initially steady. The obstruction is relatively large compared to the height of the channel. The problem is defined by the capillary number (Ca) and the Reynolds number (Re), the density (ηρ) and viscosity (ημ) ratios, and the relative size of the fluid particle (ηd). Simulations of three-dimensional flows are used to examine several combinations of these parameters. The results show that the motion of a drop is nearly independent of the wake downstream of the obstruction, but bubbles may get temporarily trapped in it. Drops also tend to block the background flow, while bubbles may accelerate it. It is found that a bubble of comparable or smaller size than the constriction can pass through the constriction intact without getting trapped. An increase in Ca and Re leads to bubbles passing through the constriction at a faster speed and move further downstream before being caught by the wake. Simulations of two-dimensional flows for a relatively larger range of Ca and Re are performed to obtain a flow regime diagram. The results show that relatively rigid particles (low Ca) tend to be temporarily trapped in the wake, while more deformable particles (higher Ca) pass without being trapped at lower Reynolds numbers but break up at higher Reynolds numbers. The influence of the obstruction geometry is also examined.
Role of point-defect charging dynamics in quantum-well magneto-transport

The defect corrections to the polarization and dielectric functions of conduction electrons in a quantum well are first calculated. Following this, we derive the first two moment equations from the semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory and apply them to explore defect effects on magneto-transport of electrons. In addition, we obtain analytically momentum-relaxation time and mobility tensor of electrons by using the defect-corrected polarization function. Based on quantum-statistical theory, we further investigate the defect capture and charging dynamics by employing a hydrogen-like quantum-mechanics model for point defects and going beyond a short-range δ-function for their probability functions. Finally, both the capture and relaxation rates, as well as the density for captured electrons, are studied as functions of temperature, subband-electron density and different types of defects, which can be utilized for quantifying burst noise in transistors and blinking noise in photo-detectors.
The Burden of Total Artificial Heart Patients and Complications after Heart Transplantation

Purpose Increased perioperative risk has been observed in patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) and total artificial hearts (TAH) undergoing heart transplantation with worse outcomes in TAH patients. The purpose of this study was to review perioperative transplant outcomes in TAH vs LVAD patients at a high-volume transplant center. Methods We reviewed perioperative transplant outcomes of 46 TAH patients and 85 LVAD patients from 2010-2018. Outcomes included perioperative transfusions (units of packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, platelets, cryoprecipitate), time in the operating room (OR), intensive care unit (ICU) days immediately post-transplant, freedom from return to OR for bleeding, freedom from primary graft dysfunction (PGD), and 1-year freedom from temporary dialysis. In addition, 1-year outcomes included survival, freedom from cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), freedom from non-fatal major adverse cardiac events (NF-MACE: myocardial infarction, heart failure, percutaneous intervention, defibrillator/pacemaker implant, stroke), and freedom from first-year rejection (any treated rejection (ATR), acute cellular rejection (ACR), antibody-mediated rejection (AMR)). Results TAH patients had more perioperative blood transfusions, and had decreased freedom from return to the OR for bleeding, temporary dialysis, and NF-MACE. There were no differences between groups in the time in OR, ICU days post-transplant, and freedom from PGD, survival, CAV, and rejection. Conclusion TAH patients appear to have increased perioperative post-transplant risk for some parameters though no difference in PGD or survival compared to LVAD patients. In a high volume center, there can be acceptable post-transplant outcomes in TAH patients.
A successful heart and liver transplantation requiring intraoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for primary cardiac allograft dysfunction in a patient with Fontan failure

We report a case of successful heart and liver transplantation requiring intraoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for primary cardiac allograft dysfunction in a patient with Fontan failure. A successful outcome for both the heart and the liver can be achieved with the timely management of ECMO support. In describing our experiences treating a Fontan patient requiring multiorgan transplantation, we have shown that challenging cases such as this one can have successful outcomes if multidisciplinary collaborations and proper treatment strategies are utilized at the optimal timing, along with family support and patient cooperation.
Comparing Centrality Across Policy Networks and Media Narratives

The position of organizations within policy networks—particularly the extent to which an organization occupies a “central” position in a network of collaboration—is often assumed to reflect the relative importance of this organization in the policy process. This is particularly important in the domain of local water management, where many policy processes are characterized by fragmentation and political conflict. This chapter explicitly tests the extent to which quantitative measures of network centrality correspond with qualitative, narrative accounts of the importance and role of organizations in local water policy. Specific roles include that of policy broker and policy entrepreneur, both of which are found to correlate well with degree centrality and betweenness centrality in the empirical case of urban water management in Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Centers of centralizer nearrings determined by inner automorphisms of symmetric groups

The question of identifying the elements of the center of a nearring and of determining when that center is a subnearring is an area of continued research. We consider the centers of centralizer nearrings, $M_I(S_n)$, determined by the symmetric groups $S_n$ with $n geq 3$ and the inner automorphisms $I = Inn S_n$. General tools for determining elements of the center of $M_I(S_n)$ are developed, and we use these to list the specific elements in the centers of $M_I(S_4)$, $M_I(S_5)$, and $M_I(S_6)$.
Pertussis Infection in a Naturopathic Primary Care Setting: Reflection on a Case.

Introduction Pertussis is a vaccine-preventable disease that has made a global resurgence in the 21st century. Vaccine hesitancy remains a persistent barrier to achieving protective vaccination rates. Vaccine-hesitant individuals may be more likely to seek counsel with a naturopathic doctor. Seven more state legislatures have voted to license and/or regulate naturopathic doctors in the last decade, illustrating the growing popularity of naturopathic medicine in the present health care landscape. Still, the growth of naturopathic medicine, and its potential relationship to vaccine hesitancy, is worrisome. Naturopathic doctors can be advocates for immunization to vaccine-hesitant individuals, but ambivalence toward vaccines within the profession remains a public health concern. Case presentation We report cases of pertussis in a family treated in a naturopathic primary care clinic, where naturopathic doctors served as vaccine advocates to a vaccine-hesitant family. Discussion Continued collaboration with public health programs and conventional clinicians is necessary to improve medical science training and vaccine advocacy in the field of naturopathic medicine.
An Inquiry of Bellwether Counties in US Presidential Elections

Bellwethers have been studied for decades in the realm of election forecasting. Presidential election forecasting has historically focused on the study of bellwethers at the level of the state, likely due to the fact that presidential candidates win electoral college votes based upon the winner of the popular vote in each state. However, states can be difficult to study due to their large sizes and diverse political environments, leading these authors to examine whether bellwethers can also be studied at the finer resolution of individual counties. To do so, the popular vote winner of each county for every presidential election from 1980 through 2016 was tabulated and mapped, yielding 19 true bellwether counties for the period. These counties were geographically clustered in the Midwest and in the Northeast. Demographically, the bellwether counties tended to be whiter, older, less educated, have lower median incomes, have a lower percentage of workers in the labor force, and have higher rates of vacant housing than the country as a whole. Finally, numerical bellwether scores for all 3142 counties in the US were computed based upon the number of elections in which each county voted for the winner of the election. Counties with the highest bellwether scores were also disproportionately found in the Midwest and in the Northeast.
The Discourse of Player Safety in the Forge Diaspora, 2003-2013

The idea of player safety – a concern for the psychological well-being of the people who play role-playing games on the part of those who design and run those games – has within the past several years emerged as a rubric for a whole host of pre-game, in-game, and post-game procedures intended to address that concern, particularly in larp but in tabletop RPGs as well. However, considerations of player safety sometimes produce skeptical responses on the part of those who fear, for instance, that player safety mechanisms will somehow dilute the experience or stifle their creativity. Examining the dynamics of conversations produced by these countervailing concerns can provide insight into the nature of RPG participation. A full understanding of these dynamics, however, will benefit from an investigation of the historical underpinnings of the discourse of player safety. To that end, this essay explores conversations around safety-related discourse within the online sphere known as the “Forge Diaspora.” The Forge was an online discussion site for tabletop RPG design, publication, and play that was active in the first decade of the twenty-first century, serving to champion creator-owned “indie RPGs” and game design innovation during that period. In addition, it inspired a panoply of blogs and forums where further discussion took place. Among the considerations related to player safety discussed within the Forge Diaspora were the tools Ron Edwards called Lines and Veils and Meguey Baker’s complementary principles of Nobody Gets Hurt and I Will Not Abandon You. This essay uses techniques of rhetorical analysis to reconstruct frameworks of narrative and argumentation about these and related ideas with the goal of providing historical context for contemporaneous conversations about player safety.
Behavioral Finance – Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Social Media Analytics & Impact of Swarms and Human Crowds on the Stock Market

Artificial intelligence and social media analytics have played a critical role in avoiding the errors investors make when making investment decisions. There is a need to rely on data, and this study addresses the various ways that data can be obtained, analyzed, and utilized in making essential investment decisions. The study utilizes a qualitative research model that is guided by research questions. Secondary sources of data are used to identify the impact of social media analytics and artificial intelligence at large in the field of behavioral finance. The crowd-based method and the swarm method are based on the stock market because ​researchers in the field of Collective Intelligence show that groups can outperform individuals when making decisions, predictions, and forecasts. The most common method for harnessing a group's intelligence treats the population as a “crowd” of independent agents that provide input in isolation in the form of polls, surveys, and market transactions. While such crowd-based methods can be effective, they are markedly different from how natural systems harness group intelligence. The present study compares the predictive ability of crowds and swarms when tapping the intelligence of human groups. More specifically, the present study tasked a crowd of 469 football fans and a swarm of 29 football fans in a challenge to predict 20 Prop Bets during the 2016 Super Bowl. Although 16 times larger in size, results revealed that the crowd was significantly less accurate (at 47% correct) than the swarm (at 68% correct). Further, the swarm outperformed 98% of the individuals in the full study. These results suggest that swarming, with closed-loop feedback, is potentially a more effective method for tapping groups' insights than traditional polling. Researchers in Collective Intelligence has shown that groups can outperform individuals when making decisions, predictions, and forecasts. The most common method for harnessing the intelligence of a group threats the population as a "crowd" of independent agents that provide input in isolation in the form of polls, surveys, and action. While such crowd-based methods can be effective, they are markedly different from how natural systems harness group intelligence. The present study compares the predictive ability of crowds and swarms when tapping the intelligence of human groups. More specifically, the present study tasked a crowd of 469 football fans and a swarm of 29 football fans in a challenge to predict 20 Prop Bets during the 2016 Super Bowl. Although 16 times larger in size, results revealed that the crowd was significantly less accurate (at 47% correct) than the swarm (at 68% correct). Further, the swarm outperformed 98% of the individuals in the full study. These results suggest that swarming, with closed-loop feedback, is potentially a more effective method for tapping groups' insights than traditional polling.
Anthropogenesis and the Soul

The science of evolution acutely raises the perennial question of humankind’s place in the world. How does the theological anthropology of humans as imago Dei relate to an evolutionary anthropology with human beings derived from ancestral hominid species? Evolutionary biologists disclose ever greater similarities and continuity between animals and humans. Is human distinctiveness simply continuous with other ancestral forms of life or is there any kind of discontinuity? The answers to these questions depend not only on zoological considerations but also on one’s philosophy of nature. The standard anthropology within the Catholic Church is the dual-origin model: the human body originates through evolution, but the human soul is directly created by God. This formulation, however, is not without difficulties, primarily for its seeming Cartesian dualism of a body and soul as distinct substances. This paper develops the anthropology of David Braine who, drawing upon Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, and Ludwig Wittgenstein, clearly situates humans as animals in great continuity with them. However, as linguistic animals who think in a medium of words, humans have a form of life—a soul—that transcends bodily processes. Braine’s anthropology provides a more coherent anthropology to understand the continuity and discontinuity of the human person in phylogenetic relationship to other species within an evolutionary perspective.
SanitizerBot: A Hand Sanitizer Service Robot

This video seeks to use robot prosocial behaviors to incentivize passersby to use hand sanitizer. Teleoperated by the wizard, the robot is capable of expressing via LED lights, gestures, and speech communication modes for human-robot interaction. Future work will explore what communication modes and behaviors are the most effective in encouraging people to use hand sanitizer.
Nanocomposites of 2D-MoS2 Exfoliated in Thermotropic Liquid Crystals

Atomically thin MoS2 nanosheets are of interest due to unique electronic, optical, and catalytic properties that are absent in the bulk material. Methods to prepare nanosheets from bulk material th...
Low-Overhead Distributed MAC for Serving Dynamic Users over Multiple Channels

With the adoption of 5G wireless technology and the Internet-of-Things (IoT) networking, there is a growing interest in serving a dense population of low-complexity devices over shared wireless uplink channels. Different from the traditional scenario of persistent users, in these new networks each user is expected to generate only small bundles of information intermittently. The highly dynamic nature of such demand and the typically low-complexity nature of the user devices calls for a new MAC paradigm that is geared for low-overhead and distributed operation of dynamic users.In this work, we address this need by developing a generic MAC mechanism for estimating the number and coordinating the activation of dynamic users for efficient utilization of the time-frequency resources with minimal public feedback from the common receiver. We fully characterize the throughput and delay performance of our design under a basic threshold-based multi-channel capacity condition, which allows for the use of different channel utilization schemes. Moreover, we consider the Successive-Interference-Cancellation (SIC) Multi-Channel MAC scheme as a specific choice in order to demonstrate the performance of our design for a spectrally-efficient (albeit idealized) scheme. Under the SIC encoding/decoding scheme, we prove that our low-overhead distributed MAC can support maximum throughput, which establishes the efficiency of our design. Under SIC, we also demonstrate how the basic threshold-based success model can be relaxed to be adapted to the performance of a non-ideal success model.
Development and implementation of a Hope Intervention Program.

Purpose/objectives To describe the development and evaluation of the Hope Intervention Program (HIP), designed to enhance hope, based on the Hope Process Framework. Design Descriptive and evaluative. Setting Outpatient oncology clinics of two large hospitals. Sample Convenience sample--38 adults with first recurrence of cancer. Methods Questionnaire completed at end of last HIP session, three months, six months, and nine months. Main research variables Helpfulness of the HIP components in maintaining hope. Findings Participants used intervention strategies that represented all four attributes of hope, with specific strategy use varying across time and individuals. Conclusions Data suggested that HIP positively affected the participants' rebuilding and maintenance of hope. Implications for nursing practice HIP has the potential to positively influence hope, and it supports the strategic vital role that nurses play in implementing research-based strategies designed to engender hope in their patients and prevent hopelessness.
Stochastic Modeling of Dispersion in the Convective Boundary Layer

Dispersion in the convective boundary layer (CBL) is a complex process caused by the vertical inhomogeneity, skewness, and large time scales of the turbulence. The inhomogeneity is most significant near the surface. and capping inversion where the large-scale updrafts and downdrafts are blocked and small-scale turbulence is important (Hunt et al., 1988). Owing to these complications, standard statistical or eddy-diffusion models cannot give realistic descriptions of vertical dispersion in the CBL. However, a Langevin or stochastic model for the Lagrangian velocity of passive particles is able to do so. One of the first Langevin efforts was by Baerentsen and Berkowicz (1984) who modeled vertical dispersion by treating the particle motion in updrafts and downdrafts separately. Although their model was somewhat complicated and required four time scales, it produced results in good agreement with the laboratory experiments of Willis and Deardorff (1976, 1978, 1981). More recently, Sawford and Guest (1987) used a generalized stochastic model with a non-Gaussian random forcing and a single time scale to simulate the dispersion; they also found good agreement between their results and the laboratory data.
A Hospital Case Study in Diabetes Management—Carondelet Health Network

Carondelet Health Network (CHN), a member of Ascension Health, is the oldest and largest not-for-profit health care provider in Southern Arizona. Carondelet serves the community with multiple inpatient and outpatient facilities. Presently, the Carondelet Health Network is made up of St. Mary’s Hospital on the west side of Tucson, St. Joseph’s Hospital on the east side, Holy Cross Hospital in the border town of Nogales, AZ, and the outpatient Medical Mall of Green Valley, AZ. Carondelet St. Mary’s Hospital began in the 1880s when the Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet came to the area to provide education and health care to a then remote area. The Sisters built the hospital to continue their philosophy of caring for all persons and fulfilling the mission of the Roman Catholic Church through St. Mary’s Hospital, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Holy Cross Hospital, and Green Valley Medical Mall. Today, the Carondelet Health Network serves a diversity of clients—Anglo, Latino, Native American, and Black Americans, reflecting the population of Southern Arizona. As is noted in the literature on diabetes, the highest prevalence is in the Latino, Native American, and Black communities. This diversity in Pima County presents unique challenges for health care providers. Diabetes is the 4th leading cause of death among Native Americans; the 5th leading cause of death among Latinos; and 4th leading cause of death among Black Americans (Arizona Department of Health Services [ADHS], 2003). The Anglo community is certainly contributing to the growth and widespread concerns about diabetes; however, the ratio of developing the disease is almost twice as high among nonAnglos (ADHS, 2003). The CHN sits in the pocket of an area with a high prevalence of diabetes and diabetes related diseases. Over the last few years, Pima County has estimated 44,235 people with diabetes: the largest age group
Studies on the Mechanism of Action of Coenzyme B12 THE FORMATION OF 5'-DEOXYADENOSINE AND B12(r) IN THE REACTION OF DIOLDEHYDRASE WITH CHLOROACETALDEHYDE

Abstract When chloroacetaldehyde is added to dioldehydrase and coenzyme B12, tritium exchange with the C-5' hydrogen of enzyme-bound coenzyme B12 occurs without chemical modification of chloroacetaldehyde. The reaction also leads to loss of enzyme activity and the conversion of the adenosyl moiety of the enzyme-bound coenzyme to 5'-deoxyadenosine. 5'-Deoxyadenosine formation is stoichiometric with enzyme inactivation. We tentatively conclude that an enzyme-bound intermediate occurs which consists of 5'-deoxyadenosine or closely related compound and an adduct between chloroacetaldehyde and the cobalamin. The chloroacetaldehyde-cobalamin adduct, unlike that derived from other substrates, is unstable and decomposes to as yet unidentified products. As a result of this decomposition 5'-deoxyadenosine accumulates. Chloroacetaldehyde labels the enzyme covalently in the presence or absence of coenzyme. One mole of chloroacetaldehyde is introduced per mole of enzyme. This process is much slower than the enzyme inactivation which occurs when chloroacetaldehyde is added to the enzyme-coenzyme complex and is therefore not the cause of inactivation. Addition of chloroacetaldehyde to dioldehydrase-coenzyme B12, brings about a spectral change which is far more rapid than enzyme inactivation. The resulting spectrum is very similar to that of cob(II)alamin and indicates that essentially all of the enzyme-bound coenzyme is converted to cob(II)alamin. Addition of N2O to dioldehydrase-coenzyme B12 leads to a 10 to 15% reduction in rate, but no coenzyme inactivation was found. Our data do not warrant the conclusion, reached by others, that N2O reacts with cob(I)alamin derived from the coenzyme.
Effect of Al sources on the synthesis and acidic characteristics of mesoporous aluminosilicates of MCM-41 type

This paper reports the synthesis of four series of mesoporous aluminosilicates (Al-MCM-41) and their acidic characteristics. Four different Al compounds were examined as Al source in the hydrothermal synthesis of Al-MCM-41, including pseudo boehmite, aluminum sulfate, aluminum isopropoxide, and sodium aluminate. Synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, chemical analysis, nitrogen adsorption, and 27A1 MAS NMR. The acidic characteristics of the Al-MCM-41 samples were characterized using temperature- programmed desorption of n-butylamine, and probe hydrocracking reactions of 1,3,5- triisopropylbenzene and 1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene. The results clearly indicate that the Al source used for synthesizing Al-MCM-41 samples has a major impact on the Al incorporation in their framework and their acidic properties. Al-MCM-41 prepared with Al isopropoxide and sodium aluminate showed improved acidic properties than those with pseudo boehmite and Al sulfate.
Electronics structure of metallocenes—I: Magnetic anisotropy measurements and molecular orbital descriptions of ferrocene and homologous molecules

Abstract Diamagnetic susceptibility anisotropy measurements have made it possible to select the most adequate molecular orbital description of ferrocene from those presently available. This confirms the idea of using contracted metal orbitals resembling self-consistent-field orbitals in MO descriptions. Other evidence supporting this conclusion is discussed and a scheme for extending these results to ruthenocene and osmocene is proposed.
Dynamic Selectivity Estimation for Multidimensional Queries

We have developed an adaptive selectivity estimation scheme for multidimensional queries which, experiments indicate, performs better than previously formulated non-adaptive methods when the distribution of the data is not known. Our approach uses a technique based on dynamic quantized spaces, a dynamic data structure developed for motion analysis in the field of computer vision. The objective of this research is to overcome the disadvantages of previously formulated non-adaptive, static methods which are relatively inaccurate in a dynamic database environment when the distribution of the data is not uniform. We have shown via many experiments that our approach is more flexible and more accurate in the computation of selectivity factors than both the equi-width and equi-depth histogram methods when the database is large and undergoes frequent update activity following a non-uniform distribution.
The religious exemption to mandated insurance coverage of contraception.

The Department of Health and Human Service's decision to include a religious exemption to its requirement that private health plans cover contraception without patient cost-sharing raises questions about whether such an exemption appropriately balances the needs, beliefs, rights, and obligations of all affected.
Some Results of Parathyroidectomy of Calves

Summary This was a study of reactions of calves to removal of the internal parathyroids along with the thyroid glands, removal of the external parathyroids, and thyroparathyroidectomy. When only the internal parathyroids and the thyroid glands or the external parathyroids were removed, there was no tetany and little effect on the serum calcium and plasma inorganic phosphorus. Thyroparathyroidectomy resulted in an abrupt, marked lowering of the serum calcium, a less marked lowering of the inorganic plasma phosphorus, tetany, and death. An elevation of the inorganic plasma phosphorus occurred just prior to death.
Drafting New York Civil-Litigation Documents: Part XXVII — Disclosure Motions

This article, which continues the author's series on drafting civil documents, discusses disclosure in New York law.
Continuous Safety Sampling Methodology.

This research introduces a proactive methodology for accident prevention, called Continuous Safety Sampling Methodology, by utilizing the principles of work sampling and control charting. Sampling is performed to observe the occurrence of conditions that may become hazardous in a given system. These conditions, known as dendritics, may become hazards and could result in an accident or occupational disease. Continuous Safety Sampling Methodology performs a random sampling for the occurrence of these dendritics. The collected data are then used to generate a control chart. Based on the pattern of the control chart, a system “under control” is not disturbed whereas a system “out of control” is investigated for potential conditions becoming hazardous. Appropriate steps are then taken to eliminate or control these conditions to maintain a desired safe system.
MCPIP1 endoribonuclease activity negatively regulates interleukin-17-mediated signaling and inflammation

Interleukin-17 (IL-17) induces pathology in autoimmunity and infections; therefore, constraint of this pathway is an essential component of its regulation. We demonstrate that the signaling intermediate MCPIP1 (also termed Regnase-1, encoded by Zc3h12a) is a feedback inhibitor of IL-17 receptor signal transduction. MCPIP1 knockdown enhanced IL-17-mediated signaling, requiring MCPIP1's endoribonuclease but not deubiquitinase domain. MCPIP1 haploinsufficient mice showed enhanced resistance to disseminated Candida albicans infection, which was reversed in an Il17ra(-/-) background. Conversely, IL-17-dependent pathology in Zc3h12a(+/-) mice was exacerbated in both EAE and pulmonary inflammation. MCPIP1 degraded Il6 mRNA directly but only modestly downregulated the IL-6 promoter. However, MCPIP1 strongly inhibited the Lcn2 promoter by regulating the mRNA stability of Nfkbiz, encoding the IκBζ transcription factor. Unexpectedly, MCPIP1 degraded Il17ra and Il17rc mRNA, independently of the 3' UTR. The cumulative impact of MCPIP1 on IL-6, IκBζ, and possibly IL-17R subunits results in a biologically relevant inhibition of IL-17 signaling.
Inhibitory plasticity underlies visual deprivation‐induced loss of receptive field refinement in the adult superior colliculus

Increasing evidence shows that sensory experience is not necessary for initial patterning of neural circuitry but is essential for maintenance and plasticity. We have investigated the role of visual experience in development and plasticity of inhibitory synapses in the retinocollicular pathway of an altricial rodent, the Syrian hamster. We reported previously that visual receptive field (RF) refinement in superior colliculus (SC) occurs with the same time course in long-term dark-reared (LTDR) as in normally-reared hamsters, but RFs in LTDR animals become unrefined in adulthood. Here we provide support for the hypothesis that this failure to maintain refined RFs into adulthood results from inhibitory plasticity at both pre- and postsynaptic levels. Iontophoretic application of gabazine, a GABAA receptor antagonist, or muscimol, a GABAA receptor agonist, had less of an effect on RF size and excitability of adult LTDR animals than in short-term DR animals or normal animals. Consistent with these physiological observations, the percentage of GABA-immunoreactive neurons was significantly decreased in the SC of LTDR animals compared to normal animals and to animals exposed to a normal light cycle early in development, before LTDR. Thus GABAergic inhibition in the SC of LTDR animals is reduced, weakening the inhibitory surround and contributing significantly to the visual deprivation-induced enlargement of RFs seen. Our results argue that early visually-driven activity is necessary to maintain the inhibitory circuitry intrinsic to the adult SC and to protect against the consequences of visual deprivation.
Adenoviral vector cytotoxicity depends in part on the transgene encoded.

First-generation adenoviral vectors induce G(2)/M arrest and cell death at high multiplicities of infection (m.o.i.'s) in vitro. It is unclear whether this cytotoxicity is entirely adenoviral gene related or influenced in part by the encoded transgene. We examined this question in epithelial cells using seven vectors at relatively low (50) or higher (200) m.o.i.'s. The vectors contained no transgene (+/-promoter), transgenes encoding a cytoplasmic reporter protein (two luciferase constructs; beta-galactosidase), or transgenes encoding a secretory protein (alpha1-antitrypsin; growth hormone). After 24 h with a m.o.i. of 50, vectors encoding cytoplasmic reporter proteins led to greatest cytotoxicity (approximately 35-40% cells in G(2)/M). Vectors without a transgene resulted in lower cytotoxicity (approximately 15%, minus, or 23%, plus promoter, cells in G(2)/M). Vectors encoding secretory proteins led to approximately 22-25% cells in G(2)/M. A similar pattern resulted when cell number was measured. Results were unrelated to the steady-state levels of transgene product. At the higher m.o.i., all vectors caused substantial growth retardation. This is the first demonstration that adenoviral vector-induced cytotoxic effects are in part related to the transgene encoded.
Chronic Desensitization and Down-regulation of the Gastrin-releasing Peptide Receptor Are Mediated by a Protein Kinase C-dependent Mechanism

The cellular basis of down-regulation and desensitization in phospholipase C-linked receptors is unclear. Recent studies with some receptors suggest that elements in the carboxyl terminus of the receptor are important in mediating these processes. Three mutant gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRP-R) were studied: one whose last 37 carboxyl-terminal amino acids were eliminated (construct MGT346); one that replaced all of the carboxyl-terminal Ser and Thr eliminated in MGT346 with Ala, Asn, or Gly (construct JF1); and one that selectively replaced the Ser and Thr of the protein kinase C consensus sequence (PKC-CS) located within the same region with alanine (construct TS360AA). Desensitization was assessed by measuring the ability to activate phospholipase C and increase cellular [3H]inositol phosphates, or increase [Ca2+]i, after pre-exposure to 3 nM bombesin for 24 h. Wild-type GRP-R was maximally desensitized and down-regulated after a 24-h exposure to 3 nM bombesin, and removal of the PKC-CS alone markedly attenuated each process. Elimination of additional serines and threonines by truncation (MGT346) or replacement (JF1) did not decrease down-regulation or desensitization further. To confirm the necessity of second messenger activation in mediating down-regulation, we further investigated two additional mutant GRP-R that bound agonist with high affinity but fail to activate phospholipase C (constructs R139G and A263E). Neither construct underwent significant down-regulation. Removal of all GRP-R carboxyl-terminal Ser or Thr, either by MGT346 or JF1, reduced internalization by >80%, whereas elimination of the PKC-CS in TS360AA only attenuated internalization by 21 ± 2%. These data suggest that activation of the distal carboxyl-terminal PKC-CS is essential for chronic desensitization and down-regulation of the GRP-R, and provide no evidence for involvement of second messenger-independent processes. In contrast, internalization is equally regulated by both second messenger-dependent and independent processes.
Graphical analysis and financial classification: A case study

This paper illustrates the use of graphical analysis as a complementary diagnostic tool in financial classification problems. For more than two decades statistical models have been used frequently to understand the information content of multivariate data in the context of financial classification. These statistical classification models can be complemented by the use of computer-generated multidimensional data displays and graphical analysis. We illustrate the use of the scatterplot matrix, which is the simplest and very effective form of graphical analysis on a sample of bankrupt and non-bankrupt firms. The paper demonstrates the complementary nature of the scatterplot matrix for tree-structured classification models.
Is oral tegafur with leucovorin equivalent to intravenous 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin in colorectal cancer?

Is oral tegafur with leucovorin equivalent to intravenous 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin in colorectal cancer?
Interaction, identity and collocation: What value is a corporate campus?

Corporate campuses have been justified on many grounds, including lower operational costs, greater flexibility, stronger corporate branding and enhanced cross‐functional communication. Despite the tens of millions of dollars spent to acquire and develop them, little research exists that has systematically tested the validity of the benefits attributed to a corporate campus. This paper reports on an initial set of case studies examining one potential benefit of a corporate campus: the nature and extent of communication across organisational units. The results suggest that the amount of cross‐unit communication on a corporate campus may be less than expected. Implications for workplace and collocation strategies are discussed.
Testicular membranes with improved stability of the gonadotropin receptor

Abstract A plasma membrane fraction has been prepared from rat testis using an aqueous double-phase polymer system containing dextran, poly(ethylene glycol) 6000 and Zn 2+ . The membrane-associated gonadotropin receptor for lutropin and human choriogonadotropin can be markedly stabilized by a thawing-washing step of frozen membranes which prolongs the apparent half-life of the unoccupied membrane-associated receptors from less than 1 h at 37°C to greater than 5 h. Also, no degradation of 125 I-labeled human choriogonadotropin was detected following incubation with the membrane fraction. The equilibrium binding was characterized by an apparent association constant of 1.6 · 10 10 M −1 and a receptor content of 33 fmol/mg protein. Binding kinetic yielded an association rate constant of 1.0 · 10 8 M −1 , while the dissociation rate constant for human choriogonadotropin was too low to be accurately determined under the conditions used. In contrast, ovine lutropin could be reversibly bound to the membranes leaving the previously occupied receptors available for binding by 125 I-labeled human choriogonadotropin.
Paradoxical effect of an aromatase inhibitor, CGS 20267, on aromatase activity in guinea pig brain

Abstract To determine the effect of in vivo treatment of guinea pigs with a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor (CGS 20267; letrozole), we treated subjects with subcutaneous Silastic implants containing crystalline letrozole. We studied four treatment groups: intact, intact letrozole-treated, castrate and castrate letrozole-treated. After treatment for 1 week, brain tissues (preoptic area, septum, medial basal hypothalamus, amygdala and parietal cortex) were removed, and microsomal aromatase activity (AA) was determined by an in vitro 3H2O assay using 1β-3H-androstenedione as substrate. Kinetic experiments were performed to determine the competitive nature of letrozole and an approximate Ki was calculated. Letrozole appears to be a reversible, competitive inhibitor of aromatase activity with an apparent Ki of 1.2 nM. Aromatase activity in intact letrozole-treated animals was elevated compared to untreated controls in all brain areas tested (P
A Rainbow Day of Eating

(2003). A Rainbow Day of Eating. American Journal of Health Education: Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 243-245.
Glass-ceramics of barium strontium titanate for high energy density capacitors

Barium strontium titanate glass-ceramics were successfully produced with one major crystalline phase when Al2O3 was added to the melt. A dielectric constant of 1000 and a breakdown strength of 800 kV/cm was achieved; however the energy density was only measured to be 0.3–0.9 J/cm3. These energy density values were lower than anticipated due to the presence of dendrites and pores in the microstructure. Using BaF2 as a refining agent improved the microstructure and doubled the energy density for BST 80/20 samples. However, no refining agent reduced the increasing amount of hysteresis that developed with increasing applied electric field. This phenomenon is believed to be due to interfacial polarization.
Solar activity effect and diurnal variation in the upper atmosphere

It has been shown that the relation between density variations in the upper atmosphere derived from satellite drag measurements and the solar flux in the decimeter range can be given by ρ∼Sm where ρ is the density, S the solar flux, and the exponent m is a function of altitude and local time. This function has been derived for the altitudes 350, 650, and 1300 km (Figs. 1, 2, and Table 1). Further, the temperature variation at 650 km as function of solar activity, measured by the 20- or 10.7-cm flux, has been calculated for the diurnal maximum (14 h LT) and minimum (5 h LT). To explain the calculated temperature-variation, it is suggested that in addition to the heating of the F layer by solar extreme ultraviolet radiation, another important energy source must be present that also increases toward the maximum of the solar cycle.
Using mental imagery with subclinical OCD to ‘freeze’ contamination in its place: Evidence for looming vulnerability theory

The present research examines the possibility that 'freezing' or slowing-down the rate at which threats can advance and thereby blocking a sense of looming vulnerability can reduce fears of contamination and avoidance behavior among individuals with obsessional symptoms. Mental imagery was used to reduce the rate at which threat can advance by means of instructions to imagine that contamination was 'frozen' in place and unable to move. Measures included self-reports of anxiety and worry, and indirect assessments of fear and avoidance behavior. A parallel mental imagery condition was used to examine the possibility that accentuating the spread or contamination, or its 'looming', would in turn accentuate fear and avoidance. The results, particularly of the more unobtrusive measures, indicated that freeze imagery reduced fear and avoidance for the relatively obsessional participants. In addition, support was found that it reduced fear for participants with relatively higher levels of imagination. However, the freeze imagery paradoxically seemed to sensitize the non-obsessional participants to possibilities of contamination they had not previously considered, and thus increased their fear. The results provide support for the looming vulnerability model of anxiety and suggest applications to treatment.