cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic Contributions of Nonautoimmune SWR Mice Toward Lupus Nephritis

(SWR × New Zealand Black (NZB))F 1 (or SNF 1 ) mice succumb to lupus nephritis. Although several NZB lupus susceptibility loci have been identified in other crosses, the potential genetic contributions of SWR to lupus remain unknown. To ascertain this, a panel of 86 NZB × F 1 backcross mice was immunophenotyped and genome scanned. Linkage analysis revealed four dominant SWR susceptibility loci ( H2 , Swrl-1, Swrl-2 , and Swrl-3 ) and a recessive NZB locus, Nba1 . Early mortality was most strongly linked to the H2 locus on chromosome (Chr) 17 (log likelihood of the odds (LOD) = 4.59 − 5.38). Susceptibility to glomerulonephritis was linked to H2 (Chr 17, LOD = 2.37 − 2.70), Swrl-2 (Chr 14, 36 cM, LOD = 2.48 − 2.71), and Nba1 (Chr 4, 75 cM, LOD = 2.15 − 2.23). IgG antinuclear autoantibody development was linked to H2 (Chr 17, LOD = 4.92 − 5.48), Swrl-1 (Chr 1, 86 cM, colocalizing with Sle1 and Nba2 , LOD = 2.89 − 2.91), and Swrl-3 (Chr 18, 14 cM, LOD = 2.07 − 2.13). For each phenotype, epistatic interaction of two to three susceptibility loci was required to attain the high penetrance levels seen in the SNF 1 strain. Although the SWR contributions H2, Swrl-1 , and Swrl-2 map to loci previously mapped in other strains, often linked to very similar phenotypes, Swrl-3 appears to be a novel locus. In conclusion, lupus in the SNF 1 strain is truly polygenic, with at least four dominant contributions from the SWR strain. The immunological functions and molecular identities of these loci await elucidation.
Sensing remote chirality: Stereochemical determination of β‐, γ‐, and δ‐chiral carboxylic acids

Determining the absolute stereochemisty of small molecules bearing remote nonfunctionalizable stereocenters is a challenging task. Presented is a solution in which appropriately substituted bis(porphyrin) tweezers are used. Complexation of a suitably derivatized β-, γ-, or δ-chiral carboxylic acid to the tweezer induces a predictable helicity of the bis(porphyrin), which is detected as a bisignate Cotton Effect (ECCD). The sign of the ECCD curve is correlated with the absolute stereochemistry of the substrate based on the derived working mnemonics in a predictable manner.
Broadband Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy of a Liquid Surface

An important advance in surface science has been the evolution of sum frequency generation to the application of studying surface structure and chemistry of liquid surfaces at the molecular-level by probing the vibrational signatures of surface molecules. Recently, broad-bandwidth sum frequency generation (BBSFG) spectroscopy has become an important tool for investigating gas-solid interfaces. BBSFG spectroscopy allows, theoretically, a surface sum frequency spectrum to be acquired within one pulse of the laser. In this paper, the viability of BBSFG to study inherently small nonlinear response interfaces and the time-resolving capability of this surface-selective technology are demonstrated. Presented here are the first published accounts of spectra from a liquid surface utilizing the broad-bandwidth sum frequency technology with acquisition times as low as 500 milliseconds.
Task mapping in heterogeneous embedded systems for fast completion time

Graphics processing units are being widely used in embedded systems as they can achieve high performance and energy efficiency. In such systems, the problem of computation and data mapping for multiple applications while minimizing the completion time is quite challenging due to a large size of the policy space, including heterogeneous application characteristics, complex application structure, data communication costs, and data partitioning. To achieve fast competition time, a fine-grain mapping framework that explores a set of critical factors is needed for heterogeneous embedded systems. In this paper, we consider this mapping problem by presenting a theoretical framework that yields an optimal integer programming solution. Moreover, based upon several interesting measurements-based case studies, we design three practical mapping algorithms with low time complexity, each of which explores a specific set of factors that may affect the completion time performance. We evaluated the proposed algorithms by implementing them on a real heterogeneous system and using a large set of popular benchmarks for evaluation. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithms can achieve up to 30% faster completion time compared to the state-of-the-art mapping techniques, and can perform consistently well across different workloads.
Modulation Transfer Function for a CCD Array with Sample-and-Hold Operation on Static Waveforms

With the advent qfj”~~l plune trrruys based on charge-coupled device (CCD) technology, conjusion has arisen in the heretofore simple concept cf niodulution trcinsfer ,function (MTF). The trecitment qf sfimpling phase varies, und jiictors ure ofrcw omitted that should be inch.&d. It is proposed in this paper that MTF ulwuys represent N saml’le-phase-civeraged vulue, and a list is oflered jbr .stdc MTF factors reflecting output wavejimn reconstruction front ci CCD nrruy.
Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement: The Next Revolution?∗

In this edition of the Journal , Cheung et al. [(1)][1] report 2 successful deployments of a catheter-mounted valve for treatment of severe functional mitral valve regurgitation. Both procedures used a novel bovine pericardial valve designed for mitral valve replacement, which was mounted on a self
Industry Disclosures: More Reflective of Moral Integrity Than Rules

![Figure][1] Over the past several decades, there has been a concerted effort for health care systems, professional societies, and medical peer-reviewed journals to establish policies that require caregivers and authors to declare “relationships” with industry [(1)][2]. This Editor’s
Susceptibility, likelihood to be diagnosed, worry and fear for contracting Lyme disease

Risk perception and psychological concerns are relevant for understanding how people view Lyme disease. This study investigates the four separate outcomes of susceptibility, likelihood to be diagnosed, worry, and fear for contracting Lyme disease. University students (n=713) were surveyed about demographics, perceived health, Lyme disease knowledge, Lyme disease preventive behaviors, Lyme disease history, and Lyme disease miscellaneous variables. We found that women were associated with increased susceptibility and fear. Asian/Asian-American race/ethnicity was associated with increased worry and fear. Perceived good health was associated with increased likelihood to be diagnosed, worry, and fear. Correct knowledge was associated with increased susceptibility and likelihood to be diagnosed. Those who typically spend a lot of time outdoors were associated with increased susceptibility, likelihood to be diagnosed, worry, and fear. In conclusion, healthcare providers and public health campaigns should address susceptibility, likelihood to be diagnosed, worry, and fear about Lyme disease, and should particularly target women and Asians/Asian-Americans to address any possible misconceptions and/or offer effective coping strategies.
Interfacial structure and dynamics of the lithium alkyl dicarbonate SEI components in contact with the lithium battery electrolyte

Molecular dynamics simulations were performed on the dilithium ethylene dicarbonate (Li2EDC) and dilithium butylene dicarbonate (Li2BDC) components of the lithium battery solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in contact with mixed solvent electrolyte: ethylene carbonate (EC):dimethyl carbonate (DMC) (EC:DMC = 3:7) doped with LiPF6. The many-body polarizable APPLE&P force field was used in the simulations. Examination of the SEI–electrolyte interface revealed an enrichment of EC and PF6– molecules and a depletion of DMC at the interfacial layer next to the SEI surface compared to bulk electrolyte concentrations. The EC and DMC molecules at the interfacial layer next to the SEI demonstrated a preferential orientation of carbonyl oxygens directed toward the SEI surface. The process of the Li+ ion desolvation from electrolyte and intercalation into the SEI was examined. During the initial desolvation step, the Li+ cation showed a preference to shed DMC molecules compared to losing the EC or PF6– moieties. The PF...
Direct Oblique Sagittal CT of Orbital Wall Fractures

Direct oblique sagittal CT was used to evaluate trauma to 77 orbits. Sixty-seven orbital wall fractures with intact orbital rims (36 floor, 22 medial wall, nine roof) were identified in 47 orbits. Since persistent diplopia and/or enophthalmos may warrant surgical repair of orbital floor fractures, optimal imaging should include an evaluation of extraocular muscle status, the nature and amount of displaced orbital contents, and an accurate definition of fracture margins. For orbital floor fractures, a combination of the direct oblique sagittal and direct coronal projections optimally displayed all fracture margins, the fracture9s relationship to the inferior orbital rim and medial orbital wall, and the amount of displacement into the maxillary sinus. Inferior rectus muscle status with 36 floor fractures was best seen on the direct oblique sagittal projection in 30 fractures (83.3%) and was equally well seen on sagittal and coronal projections in two fractures (5.5%). Floor fractures were missed on 100% of axial, 5.5% of sagittal, and 0% of coronal projections. Since the direct oblique sagittal projection complements the direct coronal projection in evaluating orbital floor fractures, it should not be performed alone. A technical approach to the CT evaluation or orbital wall fractures is presented.
What determines the choice of treatment in patients with supraventricular tachycardia

I have outlined the approach to therapy of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias practiced by a cardiologist who is not performing special studies in the cardiac electrophysiology laboratory. This review includes the list of common and rare supraventricular arrhythmias, application of diagnostic noninvasive procedures, indications for referral for special electrophysiologic studies, and brief description of drugs and procedures used in the therapy of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. In addition to general guidelines for treatment of these arrhythmias, I have outlined specific recommendations for patients with acute myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, ventricular dysfunction and congestive heart failure, obstructive cardiomyopathy, hyperthyroidism, AV accessory pathways, chronic obstructive lung disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, concomitant ventricular arrhythmias, tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome, and anxiety.
High-Efficiency Microwave and mm-Wave Stacked Cell CMOS SOI Power Amplifiers

Design and implementation of high-efficiency microwave and mm-wave CMOS silicon-on-insulator (SOI) power amplifiers (PAs) based on a stacked cell approach is presented. Two stacked cell PAs have been implemented in GlobalFoundries 45-nm CMOS SOI technology. The first PA operating at K-band (24–28 GHz) is designed with three stacked triple Cascode cells. Each cell uses three standard transistors with separate layout. At 24 GHz, the K-band PA biased under a supply voltage of 10.8 V measures a maximum linear power gain of 13 dB, a saturated output power $P _{\mathrm {SAT}}$ of 25.3 dBm, a −1-dB output power $P _{1\mathrm {dB}}$ of 23.8 dBm, and a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 20%. The second PA targeted at U-band frequencies is designed with two stacked triple Cascode cells. Transistors in each cell have a combined layout that reduces parasitic capacitances, leading to significant improvement in the PAE at mm-wave frequencies. The U-band PA operates from 42 to 54 GHz. At 46 GHz, and under a supply voltage of 6 V, it measures a saturated output power ( $P _{\mathrm {SAT}}$ ) of 22.4 dBm, a linear gain of 17.4 dB, and an unprecedented peak PAE of 42%.
The Chief Political Officer: CEO Characteristics and Firm Investment in Corporate Political Activity

Research on corporate political activity has considered a number of antecedents to a firm’s engagement in politics. The majority of this research has focused on either industry or firm-level motiva...
Predicting favorable and unfavorable consequences of perceptual learning: worsening and the peak shift

Discrimination learning can cause improved and worsened ability to perceive differences. This subsequently affects how stimuli are associated with meanings and behaviors. Here, human listeners were trained with frequency-modulated (FM) tonal sweeps (500–1000 Hz) in a paradigm where one FM rate (8.29 octaves per second) required a ‘Target’ response, while a rate either slower (5.76 octaves per second) or faster (11.94 octaves per second) required a ‘Non-Target’ response. Training led to a shift in ‘Target’ responding along the FM rate dimension away from the ‘Target’ in a direction opposite the trained ‘Non-Target’. This peak shift was paralleled by an asymmetry in acuity along the FM rate dimension in an untrained ABX task (a.k.a. match-to-sample). Performance improved relative to pre-training on trials where the ‘Target’ was contrasted with stimuli nearer the trained ‘Non-Target’. Performance worsened on trials containing stimuli displaced along the FM dimension further from the trained ‘Non-Target’. A connectionist model of perceptual learning containing non-associative representational modification and associative-based task-specific reweighting was able to simulate behavior. Simulations generated novel testable predictions regarding peak shift and worsening as a result of discrimination learning. Data have theoretical and practical consequences for predicting trends in the generalization of learned behaviors and modifiable perceptual acuities.
Atmospheric chemistry: Warming or cooling dust?

Mineral dust particles interact with solar and terrestrial radiation. Statistical analyses of observational data and global simulations reveal that atmospheric dust is coarser than previously thought, and could cause warming of the atmosphere.
Congestion Detection in Large-Scale Advanced Traveler Information Systems*

Abstract A new method of data integration to detect congestion in signalized urban networks is presented. The method uses imprecise knowledge within the framework of fuzzy operator logic and the modified Dempster-Shafer rule of combination. The results of the method evaluation indicate that the amount of congestion information produced by the algorithm increases several times after the intelligent processing is applied to sparse data. The developed algorithm can be also used to reduce amount of source data required.
OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS WITH EXUDATIVE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION TREATED WITH ANTIVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR THERAPY FOR THREE OR MORE YEARS: A Review of Current Outcomes.

Purpose:To summarize the findings of long-term outcomes of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy (≥36 months) in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration.Methods:Studies reporting long-term outcomes (≥36 months) of anti-VEGF therapy (n = 11) were identified and analy
CKS Proteins Promote Checkpoint Recovery by Stimulating Phosphorylation of Treslin.

CKS proteins are small (9-kDa) polypeptides that bind to a subset of the cyclin-dependent kinases. The two paralogs expressed in mammals, Cks1 and Cks2, share an overlapping function that is essential for early development. However, both proteins are frequently overexpressed in human malignancy. It has been shown that CKS protein overexpression overrides the replication stress checkpoint, promoting continued origin firing. This finding has led to the proposal that CKS protein-dependent checkpoint override allows premalignant cells to evade oncogene stress barriers, providing a causal link to oncogenesis. Here, we provide mechanistic insight into how overexpression of CKS proteins promotes override of the replication stress checkpoint. We show that CKS proteins greatly enhance the ability of Cdk2 to phosphorylate the key replication initiation protein treslin in vitro. Furthermore, stimulation of treslin phosphorylation does not occur by the canonical adapter mechanism demonstrated for other substrates, as cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) binding-defective mutants are capable of stimulating treslin phosphorylation. This effect is recapitulated in vivo, where silencing of Cks1 and Cks2 decreases treslin phosphorylation, and overexpression of wild-type or CDK binding-defective Cks2 prevents checkpoint-dependent dephosphorylation of treslin. Finally, we provide evidence that the role of CKS protein-dependent checkpoint override involves recovery from checkpoint-mediated arrest of DNA replication.
MRI Findings After MRI-Guided Focal Laser Ablation of Prostate Cancer

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to describe the quantitative and qualitative findings of multiparametric prostate MRI performed after MRI-guided focal laser ablation of prostate cancer. MAT...
An Evolutionary Analysis of Product-Preference Structure: Toward Managerial Control

An important managerial problem is the choice of the optimal new product concept for introduction into a market. This depends on the positions of existing and expected new products as well as the consumer preference structure.
MOUNTAIN METEOROLOGY | Lee Waves and Mountain Waves

Synopsis The basic properties of mountain waves are discussed using linear theory for small-amplitude disturbances. Important nonlinear processes governing waves launched by larger mountains are then considered. The final topic is mountain-wave momentum flux and the interaction of these waves with the larger-scale flow.
The World-Soul in the Platonic cosmology.

In each of Plato's major cosmological works, the Timaeus, the Statesman myth and the Philebus , he asserts that the body of the whole universe is alive and possesses a single World Soul which extends throughout it. I wish to offer a new in terpretation of the role of the World-Soul which gives the World-Soul a special function in the economy of the Platonic cosmology and which explains why Plato would place such re peated emphasis on the existence of such an odd-sounding creature. I suggest that Plato is not viewing the World-Soul on the model of the Phaedrus and Laws X, which view soul as a self-and-other moving motion. Nor, I suggest, is Plato view ing the World-Soul on the model of soul taken as a crafting agent that initiates order. Rather I suggest that Plato views the World-Soul merely as a maintained of order against a nat ural tendency of the corporeal to be chaotic. It is important to notice that in each of these three cos mological dialogues Plato claims that the ordered World-Soul and the order of the World-Body are severally and in their synchronizations the products of the workings of a single, eternal, divine, rational Demiurge, which resides outside the universe.^ Further, in all three of these dialogues the phe nomena are viewed as necessarily in flux. The erratic flux of the phenomena wholly characterizes the pre-cosmic and acos mic periods of the Timaeus and Statesman myth — but, in addition, it remains a potent and considerable factor even within the ordered and ensouled cosmos ( Timaeus 43a-b, Statesman 273c-d and add Philebus 43a, 59a-b and Cratylus 439d, which do not dis 2) tinguish between cosmic and acosmic periods). With these observations in tow, I suggest that the World Soul operates in the Platonic cosmology rather like a governor
Challenges and Benefits of Repurposing Licensed/Approved/Cleared Products for a Radiation Indication

Increasingly, the risk of a radiological or nuclear public health emergency is a major concern for the U.S. government. To address a potential incident and ensure that the U.S. Government is prepared to respond to any civilian or military casualties that could result, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), together with the Department of Defense, has been charged with the development of medical countermeasures (MCMs) to treat individuals experiencing acute and delayed injuries that can result from exposure to radiation. With limited research and development budgets, and the high costs associated with bringing promising approaches from the bench through advanced product development activities, and ultimately, to regulatory approval, the U.S. Government places a priority on repurposing drugs that have already been commercialized for other indications in humans. To address the benefits and challenges of repurposing licensed products for a radiation indication, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases convened a workshop with participants from U.S. Government agencies and industry, as well as academic subject matter experts. Topics included U.S. Government efforts (e.g., funding, regulatory, stockpiling and innovative ways to make drugs available for study), as well as the unique regulatory and other challenges faced when repurposing branded or generic drugs.
Energy transitions and the workplace cost of carbon fuels,1917–1940

ABSTRACTWhile much recent literature has focused on the environmental cost of carbon fuels, these sources of energy generated large human costs in the work environment as well. Work in coal mines w...
Iron Oversupplementation Causes Hippocampal Iron Overloading and Impairs Social Novelty Recognition in Nursing Piglets.

BACKGROUND Iron oversupplementation in healthy term infants may adversely affect growth and cognitive development. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that early-life iron excess causes systemic and central nervous system iron overload, and compromises social behavior. METHODS The nursing pig was used as a translational model in a completely randomized study. On postnatal day (PD) 1, 24 pigs (1.57 ± 0.28 kg mean ± standard deviation body wt) were assigned to the following treatment groups: 1) nonsupplemented iron-deficient group (NON); 2) control group (CON), intramuscularly injected with iron dextran (100 mg Fe) on PD2; 3) moderate iron group (MOD), orally administered ferrous sulfate at 10 mg Fe · kg body wt-1 · d-1; and 4) high iron group (HIG), orally administered ferrous sulfate at 50 mg Fe · kg-1 · d-1. Piglets were nursed by sows during the study from PD1 to PD21. Tissue iron was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Messenger RNA and protein expression of iron regulator and transporters were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. A sociability test was performed on PD19-20. RESULTS Both MOD and HIG treatments (5.51 and 9.85 µmol/g tissue), but not CON (0.54 µmol/g), increased hepatic iron as compared with NON (0.25 µmol/g, P < 0.05). Similarly, the hippocampal iron concentrations in the MOD and HIG groups were 14.9% and 31.8% higher than that of NON, respectively (P < 0.05). In comparison with NON, MOD and HIG treatment repressed DMT1 in duodenal mucosa by 4- and 46-fold, respectively (P < 0.05); HIG drastically induced HAMP in liver by 540-fold (P < 0.05); iron-supplemented groups reduced TFRC in the hippocampus by <1-fold (P < 0.05). However, duodenal expression of ferroportin, the predominant transporter in basal membrane, was not affected by treatment. Despite normal sociability, the MOD and HIG pigs displayed deficits in social novelty recognition (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Duodenal ferroportin was hyporesponsive to iron excess (MOD and HIG), which caused hippocampal iron overload and impaired social novelty recognition in nursing pigs.
Proceedings of the conference on Wireless Health

Wireless Health is expanding rapidly, with research and applications in prevention, chronic disease management, treatment and health services. Internationally distributed products and programs are supporting public health through disease prevention, treatment, and diagnostics, targeting reduction in hospital readmissions, and advancing health and wellness. The capabilities that wireless and mobile health are developing for continuous monitoring of physiological status and behavior, combined with individualized just-in-time and adaptive guidance, now have proven impacts on health outcomes as well as healthcare delivery. Wireless Health is expanding to meet the global need for greater access to health promotion and health care, as well as the need for cost reduction in care delivery.
Perinatal Depression Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs Among Graduate Social Work Students

The purpose of this study was to identify the proportion of Master of Social Work (MSW) students who received perinatal depression (PD) training as part of their coursework. Additionally, we sought to identify differences in PD knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and openness to further education between students who had received PD training compared to students without PD training. Using a cross-sectional design and convenience sampling, 177 largely female (91.0%), Hispanic (46%), and Caucasian (28.2%) MSW students from five public California universities electronically provided demographic data and completed the Depression in Women's Health Settings scale. Most MSW students reported health/mental health (38%) or children/youth/and families (47.5%) as their field of practice. Twenty-nine MSW students (16.4%) reported receiving PD training, 61% child abuse/neglect training, and 50% domestic violence training. Students with PD training were significantly more knowledgeable and reported having the skills to assess, screen, identify, and care for women with PD symptoms versus students without PD training. Given the well-documented association of PD with child abuse/neglect and domestic violence, early PD screening, identification, and referral information must be incorporated into MSW curricula and continuing education in order to promote maternal-infant well-being outcomes.
Relationship functioning and substance use in same-sex male couples.

Abstract Background Research suggests that substance use among partnered sexual minority men will be inversely associated with the quality of dyadic functioning. We tested whether dimensions of relationship functioning implied within Couples Interdependence Theory (e.g., rewards, costs, barriers, alternatives, investment, and comparison to an ideal) predicted drug use and problematic alcohol use consistent with this hypothesis. Methods This study utilized baseline data from a sample of 70 couples recruited in the New York City area. All participants were cis-gender male and 18 or older. In each couple, at least one partner reported recent drug use, at least one was aged 18 to 29, and at least one was HIV negative. Participants provided demographic information; completed measures of relationship functioning and problematic alcohol use; and reported recent (past 30 day) drug use. Results Actor-partner interdependence models were calculated. The use of miscellaneous recreational drugs (excluding marijuana) was positively associated with participants’ perception of rewards, costs, and barriers to leaving and negatively associated with comparisons to an ideal, alternatives, and investment. In addition, partner perceptions of rewards were positively associated with this outcome. AUDIT scores were negatively associated with comparison to an ideal; and positively associated with partner perceptions of alternatives. Relationship functioning was unrelated to marijuana use. Conclusions These findings provide support for the hypothesis that relationship functioning and substance use are related. Couples Interdependence Theory implies such an assumption and it underlies many couples-based approaches to drug use intervention. These findings point to the potential utility of integrating relationship skill building into substance use interventions for partnered sexual minority men.
A Framework to Identify Security and Privacy Issues of Smart Home Devices

With the rise of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in today’s world, there comes also risks of privacy and security. IoT devices are mostly used in homes and so the idea of ‘smart home’ devices have also spread. While homes are becoming smarter, the user’s privacy including sensitive information and their physical and technological security are being put under risk. This paper takes different categories of smart home devices that are in the market today and looks at various researches that have been completed around its privacy and security. Then we establish a framework with the intention of providing consumers a security rating system from a security and privacy perspective in addition to customer reviews to make decisions regarding buying a smart device. The smart home devices analyzed are then tested against the security controls in the framework. When implemented, we hope that this security-rating framework can help the consumer make smarter choices about the device they bring into their home.
Automated Quantitative Imaging Measurements of Disease Severity in Patients with Nonthrombotic Iliac Vein Compression.

Abstract Purpose An automated segmentation technique (AST) for computed tomography (CT) venography was developed to quantify measures of disease severity before and after stent placement in patients with left-sided nonthrombotic iliac vein compression. Materials and Methods Twenty-one patients with left-sided nonthrombotic iliac vein compression who underwent venous stent placement were retrospectively identified. Pre- and poststent CT venography studies were quantitatively analyzed using an AST to determine leg volume, skin thickness, and water content of fat. These measures were compared between diseased and nondiseased limbs and between pre- and poststent images, using patients as their own controls. Additionally, patients with and without postthrombotic lesions were compared. Results The AST detected significantly increased leg volume (12,437 cm3 vs 10,748 cm3, P Conclusions ASTs can be used to quantify measures of disease severity and postintervention changes on CT venography for patients with lower extremity venous disease. Further investigation may clarify the clinical benefit of such technologies.
Polyelectrolyte Surface Diffusion in a Nanoslit Geometry

The surface diffusion of poly-l-lysine (PLL) in a planar nanoslit was studied using convex lens-induced confinement (CLiC) single-molecule tracking microscopy. Three surface chemistries were employ...
Diagnosis in a snap: a pilot study using Snapchat in radiologic didactics.

To evaluate Snapchat, an image-based social media platform, as a tool for emergency radiologic didactics comparing image interpretation on mobile devices with conventional analysis on a classroom screen. Seven radiology residents (4 juniors, 3 seniors;4 males, 3 females; 28.4 years old, ± 1.7 years) were shown 5 emergent radiologic cases using Snapchat and 5 cases of similar content and duration on a classroom projector over 4 weeks. All images depicted diagnoses requiring immediate communication to ordering physicians. Performance was scored 0–2 (0 = complete miss, 1 = major finding, but missed the diagnosis, 2 = correct diagnosis) by two attending radiologists in consensus. All residents performed better on Snapchat each week. In weeks 1–4, juniors scored 21/40 (52.5%), 23/40 (57.5%), 19/40 (47.5%), and 18/40 (45%) points using Snapchat compared with 13/40 (32.5%), 23/40 (57.5%), 14/40 (35%), and 13/40 (32.5%), respectively, each week by projector, while seniors scored 19/30 (63.3%), 21/30 (70%), 27/30 (90%), and 21/30 (70%) on Snapchat versus 16/30 (53.3%), 19/30 (63.3%), 20/30 (66.7%), and 20/30 (66.7%) on projector. Four-week totals showed juniors scoring 81/160 (50.6%) on Snapchat and 63/160 (39.4%) by projector compared with seniors scoring 88/120 (73.3%) and 75/120 (62.5%), respectively. Performance on Snapchat was statistically, significantly better than via projector during weeks 1 and 3 (p values 0.0019 and 0.0031). Radiology residents interpreting emergency cases via Snapchat showed higher accuracy compared with using a traditional classroom screen. This pilot study suggests that Snapchat may have a role in the digital radiologic classroom’s evolution.
Genetics of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Disease

Abstract Mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles that function as cellular batteries, oxidizing cellular nutrients to generate reducing equivalents that power the five-complex respiratory chain to produce energy in the chemical form of adenosine triphosphate. Mitochondria maintain their own DNA genomes: 16,569 base-pair circular, double-stranded molecules inherited through the maternal germline. However, mitochondrial function also requires import of more than 1,200 nuclear gene-encoded proteins. Mutations in either nuclear or mitochondrial genomes may cause mitochondrial diseases, which commonly result from impaired energy capacity. Mitochondrial diseases are individually rare, but collectively constitute the most common inborn error of metabolism, with extensive heterogeneity in their molecular basis, inheritance patterns, age of onset, organ system involvement, severity, and progression. Extensive allelic and locus heterogeneity as well as genetic pleiotropy exists, leading to a substantial degree of phenotypic overlap among diverse mitochondrial disease etiologies. Definitive mitochondrial disease diagnosis requires deep clinical phenotyping, biochemical evaluation, and broad-based next-generation sequencing analyses of both genomes.
Extreme shear-deformation-induced modification of defect structures and hierarchical microstructure in an Al–Si alloy

Extreme shear deformation is used for several material processing methods and is unavoidable in many engineering applications in which two surfaces are in relative motion against each other while in physical contact. The mechanistic understanding of the microstructural evolution of multi-phase metallic alloys under extreme shear deformation is still in its infancy. Here, we highlight the influence of shear deformation on the microstructural hierarchy and mechanical properties of a binary as-cast Al-4 at.% Si alloy. Shear-deformation-induced grain refinement, multiscale fragmentation of the eutectic Si-lamellae, and metastable solute saturated phases with distinctive defect structures led to a two-fold increase in the flow stresses determined by micropillar compression testing. These results highlight that shear deformation can achieve non-equilibrium microstructures with enhanced mechanical properties in Al–Si alloys. The experimental and computational insights obtained here are especially crucial for developing predictive models for microstructural evolution of metals under extreme shear deformation. Extreme deformation of alloys is important for processing and applications. Here, extreme shear deformation of an Al–Si alloy induces grain refinement, multi-scale fragmentation of lamellae and generation of various defects, enhancing the mechanical properties of micropillars.
Caregiving Across Contexts: Siblings of Children with Inherited Metabolic Disorders and Siblings of Typically Developing Children

Background: Siblings of children with chronic diseases may ultimately become their sibling’s primary caregivers, yet research on their caregiving contributions during childhood is limited. Studies on sibling caregiving have largely focused on the roles and needs of adults caring for their siblings. Moreover, research on siblings of children with chronic illnesses or disabilities primarily examines their experiences and psychosocial outcomes. No known research explores the caregiving contributions of siblings of pediatric patients, or how these …
GeMAC, an HDAC1 binding protein, stabilizes p21 and co-activates p53 in response to DNA damage

4926 The p53 tumor suppressor and its transcriptional target, p21, are essential for DNA-damage-induced cell-cycle checkpoints which ensure genomic stability and integrity. Through genome-wide assessments of chromosomal imbalances in DNA-damage-induced mouse lymphomas using microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), we identified a novel gene named GeMAC that is frequently deleted in tumors. Knockdown of GeMAC increases proliferative capacity, results in defective cell-cycle checkpoints and cytokinesis, and leads to hypersensitivity to irradiation-induced DNA damage. GeMAC is required to maintain basal and DNA-damage-induced p21 protein levels in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. Expression of GeMAC stabilizes endogenous p21 independently of ubiquitination and facilitates p53-dependent transcription of p21. Furthermore, GeMAC directly binds to histone deacetylase HDAC1 to stabilize both p21 and p53 by enhancing the acetylation of endogenous p21 and p53, and by interfering with the binding of Mdm2 to p21 and p53. These results highlight a unique role of GeMAC in maintaining genomic stability and its potential values in molecualr cancer therapeutics as an endogenous HDAC1 inhibitor.
Validating a Low-Fidelity Model for Microsurgical Anastomosis Training.

With cost, size, and availability in mind, we developed a low-fidelity microsurgery anastomosis model for mastery of the tool skills needed to execute microsurgical procedures. The model combined the use of a cannulated Konnyaku Shirataki (KS) noodle with a low-cost, industrial inspection, trinocular stereo (IITS) microscope. The purpose of this study was to establish face and construct validity of this novel "combined" microsurgery training tool. Methods Fifteen participants, divided into 3 groups based on microsurgery experience, attempted microsurgical anastomoses of a cannulated KS noodle using the IITS microscope. Participants were asked to (1) manipulate the noodle ends adjacent to each other, (2) place a single 7-0 nylon suture through the opposed ends, and (3) complete the anastomosis. To determine construct validity, the performance of the microsurgical repair (maximum score 53 points) and time-to-anastomosis was assessed. To determine face validity, microsurgeons were given a 25-item, 5-point scale survey rating their experience with the model. Results Participants included 5 microsurgeons, 5 experienced trainees, and 5 novices. The microsurgeons judged the IITS microscope to be a close analog to an operating microscope (4.6/5 points), the combined model to have high educational value (4.7/5 points), and somewhat technical similarity with microsurgery in the operating room (OR) (3.7/5 points). The median technical score was 50 among microsurgeons, 40 among experienced trainees, and 27 among novices. Increased training level was associated with greater technical score among all 3 groups (p=0.002). The median time-to-anastomosis was 5.88 minutes for microsurgeons, 8.37 minutes for experienced trainees, and 17.10 minutes for novices. Increased training level was associated with shorter time-to-anastomosis (p=0.003). Conclusion The use of the KS noodle with a benchtop stereo microscope is a novel approach to microsurgical training. It is inexpensive, available, conducive to high-repetition training, and suited to many learning environments. Microsurgeons found that this combined model was representative of microsurgery in the OR, and we concluded face validity. Furthermore, an association was demonstrated between training level and performance on the model, suggesting construct validity.
Masked LARk: Masked Learning, Aggregation and Reporting worKflow.

Today, many web advertising data flows involve passive cross-site tracking of users. Enabling such a mechanism through the usage of third party tracking cookies (3PC) exposes sensitive user data to a large number of parties, with little oversight on how that data can be used. Thus, most browsers are moving towards removal of 3PC in subsequent browser iterations. In order to substantially improve end-user privacy while allowing sites to continue to sustain their business through ad funding, new privacy-preserving primitives need to be introduced. In this paper, we discuss a new proposal, called Masked LARk, for aggregation of user engagement measurement and model training that prevents cross-site tracking, while remaining (a) flexible, for engineering development and maintenance, (b) secure, in the sense that cross-site tracking and tracing are blocked and (c) open for continued model development and training, allowing advertisers to serve relevant ads to interested users. We introduce a secure multi-party compute (MPC) protocol that utilizes "helper" parties to train models, so that once data leaves the browser, no downstream system can individually construct a complete picture of the user activity. For training, our key innovation is through the usage of masking, or the obfuscation of the true labels, while still allowing a gradient to be accurately computed in aggregate over a batch of data. Our protocol only utilizes light cryptography, at such a level that an interested yet inexperienced reader can understand the core algorithm. We develop helper endpoints that implement this system, and give example usage of training in PyTorch.
Diabetes Management and Its Association with Transtibial Amputation.

Background: Transtibial (TTA) and transfemoral (TFA) amputations are rarely considered as distinct events when examining major lower-limb amputation outcomes. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships among type 2 diabetes, diabetes management strategies, hemoglobin A1c levels, and other health factors related to TTA and TFA. Methods: The retrospective medical record review included abstracting demographic and health-related data from the electronic medical records of 92 patients who received amputation-related services in a Department of Veterans Affairs hospital. Results: Patients who controlled their diabetes with insulin (with or without other oral agents) were significantly more likely to undergo TTA (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 7.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–49.97; P = .03) compared with patients who controlled their diabetes through noninsulin medications or by diet. Patients who underwent no previous surgery (aOR = 6.66; 95% CI, 0.89-49.72; P = .06) or partial ampu...
Data, Statistics, Probability, and Models

In this chapter you will deal with content-practice, teaching, and learning issues relevant to the domains of data, statistics, and probability in the CCSSM from Grade 5 to Grade 8 and Algebra 1. Table 11.1 lists the appropriate pages for your convenience. Since data, statistics, and probability involve relationships between quantities, middle school students can use descriptive and analytic modeling processes to represent and analyze those relationships in a structured way.
Human interstitial retinoid-binding protein. Gene structure and primary structure.

Abstract Interstitial retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) is synthesized and secreted by rod photoreceptor cells into the interphotoreceptor matrix and is known to bind retinoids and fatty acids. We have used cDNA clones encoding human IRBP to isolate a 15-kilobase genomic fragment that encompasses the complete human IRBP gene. The IRBP gene spans more than 11 kilobases and is interrupted by three introns, all of which are positioned near the 3'-end of the coding sequence. The 3741-base pair coding region of IRBP appears to have been generated by quadruplication of an approximately 900 base pair long ancestral gene. The deduced amino acid sequence predicts a mature protein of 1,230 residues (calculated molecular weight 133,000). The protein sequence can be aligned into four homologous segments, each consisting of about 300 residues. Sequence similarity between segments is as high as 60% when conservative substitutions are taken into account. Two putative N-linked glycosylation sites are located in highly conserved domains in the center of the first and second segment of IRBP. A domain consisting of 41 residues at the COOH-terminal end of the third segment has 15 matching residues (38%) with an intradiscal loop of rhodopsin, a retinal-binding protein in rod photoreceptors.
Adaptive Modulation over Nakagami Fading Channels

We first study the capacity of Nakagami multipath fading (NMF) channels with an average power constraint for three power and rate adaptation policies. We obtain closed-form solutions for NMF channel capacity for each power and rate adaptation strategy. Results show that rate adaptation is the key to increasing link spectral efficiency. We then analyze the performance of practical constant-power variable-rate M-QAM schemes over NMF channels. We obtain closed-form expressions for the outage probability, spectral efficiency and average bit-error-rate (BER) assuming perfect channel estimation and negligible time delay between channel estimation and signal set adaptation. We also analyze the impact of time delay on the BER of adaptive M-QAM.
Pushing Execution Over the Constitutional Line: Forcible Medication of Condemned Inmates and the Eight and Fourteenth Amendments

The U.S. Supreme Court has declared it unconstitutional to execute death row inmates who are too insane to understand the fact of their pending execution and the reasons behind it. The Court has not specified, however, what mechanisms a state may constitutionally employ to render such an inmate sane enough to execute. This Note addresses whether states may forcibly administer antipsychotic drugs to insane death row inmates in order to restore their competence for execution. It concludes that states violate both the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments when execution is preceded by forcible medication with antipsychotic drugs. First, as soon as an execution date is set, a forcible medication program ceases to meet the constitutional requirement that it be “medically appropriate” because it no longer comports with the ethical standards of the medical profession, and it subverts treatment into a degrading punishment unique to incompetent death row inmates. Second, this scheme violates inmates’ rights to due process because the state’s interest in execution does not outweigh both an inmate’s privacy interest and the state’s own interest in preserving the integrity of the medical community when execution will be replaced by a life sentence without the possibility of parole.
On the information status of appositive relative clauses

Existing semantic theories of appositive relative clauses (ARCs) assume that ARCs contribute asserted but not at-issue content (Boer & Lycan [4], Bach [3], Chierchia & McConnell-Ginet [5], Potts [13], AnderBois et al. [2], Murray [12]). In this paper I demonstrate that the information status of ARCs depends on their linear position in the clause: clause-medial ARCs are not at-issue whereas clause-final ARCs can behave like regular at-issue content. I propose a uniform one-dimensional semantics under which ARCs are conjuncts that can acquire at-issue status if the issue raised by the main clause has been terminated. The idea is formally implemented in Dynamic Predicate Logic (Groenendijk & Stokhof [9]) enriched with propositional variables (AnderBois et al. [2]).