cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Head reliability of AMR sensors based on thermal stress tests

Tape storage drives use robust shielded anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) read sensors. Under normal operating conditions, changes in sensor properties are undetectable. To estimate end-of-life conditions, sensors are exposed to elevated temperatures, and changes in relevant physical parameters are measured. Then, using thermodynamic models, these measurements are extrapolated to normal operating conditions. Thermal stress experiments using elevated electrical currents for heating were conducted on AMR read sensors designed for use up to about 200 Mb/in.2 in tape storage drives. Physical parameters that are relevant to tape-drive function include stripe resistance, AMR amplitudes and asymmetries, and stripe and shield oxidation. Changes in these parameters were measured as functions of time and temperature. The experimental results were fit to thermodynamic models, which were then used to extrapolate the observed changes to normal operating temperatures and extended times. The data shows that, at the lowest temperatures, the important processes are stripe oxidation and annealing-induced changes in magnetic characteristics. For the materials studied, the projected time-to-failure for use in a drive is greater than ten years.
Role of Interleukin 10 during Persistent Infection with the Relapsing Fever Spirochete Borrelia turicatae

Relapsing fever is an infection characterized by peaks of spirochetemia attributable to antibody selection against variable serotypes. In the absence of B cells, serotypes cannot be cleared, resulting in persistent infection. We previously identified differences in spirochetemia and disease severity during persistent infection of severe combined immunodeficiency mice with isogenic serotypes 1 (Bt1) or 2 (Bt2) of Borrelia turicatae. To investigate this further, we studied pathogen load, clinical disease, cytokine/chemokine production, and inflammation in mice deficient in B (Igh6−/−) or B and T (Rag1−/−) cells persistently infected with Bt1 or Bt2. The results showed that Igh6−/− mice, despite lower spirochetemia, had a significantly aggravated disease course compared with Rag1−/− mice. Measurement of cytokines revealed a significant positive correlation between pathogen load and interleukin (IL)-10 in blood, brain, and heart. Bt2-infected Rag1−/− mice harbored the highest spirochetemia and, at the same time, displayed the highest IL-10 plasma levels. In the brain, Bt1, which was five times more neurotropic than Bt2, caused higher IL-10 production. Activated microglia were the main source of IL-10 in brain. IL-10 injected systemically reduced disease and spirochetemia. The results suggest IL-10 plays a protective role as a down-regulator of inflammation and pathogen load during infection with relapsing fever spirochetes.
From Architectonic to Tectonics: Introducing Regional Rhetorics

Although regionalism has long been an important concept in architecture and political science, rhetorical studies has not specifically theorized regionalism as an analytical or productive concept. This introduction outlines four premises of a regional rhetoric that help to articulate a specifically rhetorical theory of regionalism.
Nonmonotonic effects of test illuminance on flicker detection: a study of foveal light adaptation with annular surrounds

This study examined the detectability of flicker for small long-wavelength foveal test stimuli centered within larger long-wavelength surround stimuli. Flicker visibility was evaluated as a function of surround and test illuminance and as a function of test wavelength, of the time elapsed following test or surround onset, and of surround dimensions. Consistent with prior flicker threshold-versus-illuminance results [ Vision Res.26, 917 ( 1986)], flicker threshold decreased abruptly once the surround illuminance became sufficiently great. However, as test illuminance was increased above flicker threshold, flicker again vanished. Flicker reappeared at still higher test illuminances, as middle-wavelength-sensitive (M-) cone-mediated flicker threshold was exceeded. Meanwhile, the time required for the surround to render flicker visible increased at a rapidly accelerating rate with decreasing surround illuminance; it increased at a more sporadic rate with increasing test illuminance. At bright enough surround illuminances, flicker did not vanish with increasing test illuminance. These and other results are compatible with a framework derived from previous dark-adaptation data8 [ Vision Res.32, 1975 ( 1992)]. In that framework the test stimulus itself induces losses of flicker sensitivity by sufficiently perturbing retinal response during states or stages of adaptation that fail to cause spectrally antagonistic processes to redress that perturbation adequately. The relevant adaptation processes, which can require minutes, involve an adaptation pool that includes (and is affected by) the test stimulus.
Differential Regulation of the Uridine Nucleotide-activated P2Y4 and P2Y6 Receptors SER-333 AND SER-334 IN THE CARBOXYL TERMINUS ARE INVOLVED IN AGONIST-DEPENDENT PHOSPHORYLATION DESENSITIZATION AND INTERNALIZATION OF THE P2Y4 RECEPTOR

Agonist-promoted regulation of the uridine nucleotide-activated human P2Y4 receptor (P2Y4-R) and P2Y6 receptor (P2Y6-R) was studied. Incubation of P2Y4-R-expressing 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells with the cognate agonist UTP resulted in rapid desensitization of the inositol phosphate response and a 50% loss of cell surface receptors. In contrast, incubation of P2Y6-R-expressing cells with the cognate agonist UDP caused neither rapid desensitization nor rapid loss of cell surface receptors. Removal of UTP from the medium of UTP-pretreated cells resulted in rapid and complete recovery of surface P2Y4-R even after 12 h of agonist treatment. Although extended incubation with UDP also caused a loss of surface P2Y6-R, rapid recovery of surface P2Y6-R did not occur following removal of agonist. Pharmacological studies indicated that neither protein kinase C nor other Ca2+-activated kinases were involved in agonist-promoted desensitization or loss of surface P2Y4-R or P2Y6-R. Mutational analyses were carried out to identify domains involved in agonist-dependent regulation of P2Y4-R. Sequential truncation of the carboxyl-terminal domain revealed that sequence between amino acids 332 and 343 was necessary for UTP-promoted desensitization and internalization. Further mutational analyses of the three serines in this domain confirmed that Ser-333 and Ser-334 play a major role in these agonist-promoted changes in P2Y4-R. Experiments were carried out with [32P]Pi-labeled cells to ascertain the role of phosphorylation in regulation of P2Y4-R. Incubation with UTP for 2 min caused a marked increase in phosphorylation of both the wild-type P2Y4-R and the P2Y4–343 truncation mutant. In contrast, no UTP-promoted phosphorylation of the P2Y4–332 truncation mutant was observed. Taken together, these results demonstrate differential regulation of uridine nucleotide-activated P2Y4-R and P2Y6-R and indicate that Ser-333 and Ser-334 in the carboxyl terminus of P2Y4-R are important for UTP-dependent phosphorylation, desensitization, and loss of surface receptors.
Cardiopulmonary bypass temperature does not affect postoperative euthyroid sick syndrome

Study objective To determine if temperature during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has an effect on perioperative and postoperative thyroid function. Design Prospective study comparing thyroid function during and after hypothermic and normothermic CPB. Setting: Cardiac surgical unit at a university-affiliated hospital. Patients Twelve patients scheduled to undergo cardiac operations with normothermic (n=6) or hypothermic (n=6) CPB. Interventions Blood was analyzed for serum concentration of total thyroxine (TT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), free T3 (fT 3 ), reverse T3 (rT3), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) preoperatively, 60 min after CPB was initiated, 30 min after discontinuing CPB, and on postoperative days (POD) 1, 3, and 5. Measurements and results Patients who underwent either cold (26°±5°C) or warm (35°±1°C) CPB were comparable with regard to age, body weight, duration of CPB, cross-clamp time, use of inotropes, total heparin dose, and length of hospital stay. Incidence of postoperative myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and death were similar. In both groups, TT4 and TT3 were reduced below baseline values beginning with CPB and persisting for up to 5 days after CPB (p Conclusion The results of this study suggest that normothermic CPB does not prevent the development of the “euthyroid sick syndrome” during and after CPB. Despite these changes in thyroid function, most patients in both groups had a normal postoperative recovery.
An explanation shell for expert systems

We describe a shell for expert systems written in Prolog. The shell provides a consultation environment and a range of explanation capabilities. The design of the shell is modular, making it very easy to extend the shell with extra features required by a particular expert system. The novelty of the shell is twofold. Firstly, it has a uniform design consisting of an integrated collection of meta-interpreters. Secondly, there is a new approach for explaining ‘why not,’ when a query to the system fails. Nous decrivons un interprete de commandes pour systemes experts Merits en Prolog. L'interprete founit un environnement de consultation et un eventail de capacites ? explications. II est concu de facon modulaire, ce qui rend tres facile ľ 'ajout de particularites requises par un systeme expert particulier. Cet interprete innove de deux facons: d'une part, par sa conception uniforme consistant en un ensemble integre de metainterpretes; ? autre part, par une approche nouyelle pour expliquer le « pourquoi pas »? 'une requete qui echoue. Mots cles: systemes experts, interprete de commandes pour systemes experts, metainterprete, metaconnaissance, programmation logique, Prolog, explication, « pourquoi pas ».
SPECTROSCOPY WITH ELECTRONIC TERAHERTZ TECHNIQUES FOR CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING

By illuminating the sample with a broadband 10-500 GHz stimulus and coherently detecting the response, we obtain reflection and transmission spectra of common powdered substances, and compare them as a starting point for distinguishing concealed threats in envelopes and on personnel. Because these samples are irregular and their dielectric properties cannot be modulated, the spectral information we obtain is largely qualitative. To show how to gain quantitative information on biological species at micro- and millimeter-wave frequencies, we introduce thermal modulation of a globular protein in solution, and show that changes in microwave reflections coincide with accepted visible absorption spectra, pointing the way toward gaining quantitative chemical and biological spectra from broadband terahertz systems.
Working and playing together: Prediction of preschool social-emotional competence from mother-child interaction.

The impact of mother-child interaction on preschoolers' social-emotional competence was evaluated. Twenty-five girls and 23 boys (mean age = 44 mos) and their mothers were videotaped performing four play/teaching tasks. Preschool teachers completed the Baumrind Preschool Behavior Q-Sort and the Behar Problem Behavior Questionnaire. Mother-child interaction aggregates represented task orientation, positive emotion, and allowance of autonomy/reliance on mother. Results indicated that specific maternal interaction aggregates coherently predicted the children's Positive Social Behavior, Assertiveness, and Sadness in the preschool setting. Child aggregates were less effective predictors of teachers' ratings. Several gender differences in the prediction of social-emotional competence were found (e.g., maternal allowance of autonomy predicted girls' sadness, but boys' sadness was predicted by their own negative emotion). These findings' contributions to the parent-child literature are discussed.
Maternal Lifestyle Study (MLS): Relationship of Neurologic Exam to Neurobehavior following Cocaine-Opiate Exposure

Maternal Lifestyle Study (MLS): Relationship of Neurologic Exam to Neurobehavior following Cocaine-Opiate Exposure
Jun N-terminal kinase is essential for CD40-mediated IgE class switching in B cells

Background CD40 ligation activates nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and the mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 and C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and causes immunoglobulin class-switch recombination (CSR) in B cells. Both NF-κB and p38 are important for CD40-mediated CSR. The role of JNK activation in CD40-mediated isotype switching is unknown. Objective We sought to determine the role of JNK activation in CD40-mediated isotype switching. Methods Splenic B cells from BALB/c mice were stimulated with anti-CD40 mAb and IL-4 or with soluble CD40 ligand in the presence or absence of SP600125, an anthrapyrazolone inhibitor of JNK. The following events were examined: IgE production by means of ELISA; Sμ-Se deletional switch recombination by means of digestion circularization PCR; Ce germline, mature e, and activation-induced deaminase (AID) transcription by means of RT-PCR; and proliferation by tritiated thymidine incorporation and surface expression of CD23, CD54, and CD86 by means of FACS analysis. Results SP600125 at 10 μM drastically inhibited JNK phosphorylation but had little effect on CD40-mediated p38 phosphorylation and expression of the NF-κB dependent genes c-Myc and bcl-xL. SP600125 inhibited IgE synthesis by approximately 88% but had no effect on B-cell proliferation and survival in response to anti-CD40+IL-4 or on upregulation of CD23, CD54, and CD86 in response to CD40 ligation. Analysis of molecular events involved in IgE class switching revealed that SP600125 had no effect on the expression of Ce germline and AID transcripts. In contrast, SP600125 severely reduced Sμ-Se switch recombination and expression of mature e transcripts. Conclusion These results demonstrate that JNK activation is essential for CD40-mediated CSR to IgE and suggest that JNK is important for AID activity in B cells.
Reflectivity variations off the Peru Coast: Evidence for indirect effect of anthropogenic sulfate aerosols on clouds

Using reflectivity measurements from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), we show that over the months when stratocumulus clouds are prominent off the Peru Coast, the ultraviolet (UV) reflectance of two marine sites is consistently higher than that of the surroundings. The regions of reflectivity enhancement coincide with large anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emission sources, and the magnitude of the enhancement has a strong seasonal dependence that is related to the seasonal cloud movement. We propose the indirect aerosol effect as a plausible explanation for the reflectivity observations.
T-plastin (PLS3) gene expression differentiates Sézary syndrome from mycosis fungoides and inflammatory skin diseases and can serve as a biomarker to monitor disease progression.

Background Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a group of lymphoproliferative disorders that includes mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome (SS). T-Plastin (PLS3) is an actin-bundling protein that has been found to be highly expressed in Sezary cells but not in normal PBMCs. Here, we describe the value of using PLS3 as a sensitive molecular marker for differentiating stages of MF from SS, and for monitoring development of SS from MF.
Volcano/net electronic mail network

To promote rapid communication and data exchange among volcanologists, an international list of researchers and their electronic mail addresses is being compiled. If you are currently an electronic mail user on a non-commercial network (e.g., BITNET , SPAN, ARPANET, CSNET, UUCP, JANET, OZ, etc.) or on one of the networks that uses GTE Mail or Telemail (such as Kosmos, Pi-mail, or Omnet) and would like to be added to the list, send your name, title, user identification, node, network name, and a brief (one-line maximum) description of your volcano-related research interests to Jonathan Fink, Department of Geology, Arizona State University, Tempe , AZ 85287 (tel.: 602-965-3195) (BITNET: AIJHF@ ASUACAD).
Telecommunications and the Large City‐Small City Divide: Evidence from Indiana Cities*

Urban systems are increasingly dominated by large cities that house a disproportionate share of telecommunications infrastructure. This paper investigates whether telecommunications is defining a technological divide between large and smaller cities. The paper provides a conceptual basis for large-city dominance and presents the results of surveys that investigate the use of telecommunications in medium and small Indiana cities. The survey data indicate that telecommunications is used by the set of Indiana cities, but is less prevalent among the set of smallest cities. Chi-square tests, however, suggest that city size does not adequately explain these variations in use.
Interaction of estradiol and estriol with uterine estrogen receptor in vivo and in excised uteri or cell suspensions at 37 C: noncooperative estradiol binding and absence of estriol inhibition of estradiol-induced receptor activation and transformation.

The partial agonist and antagonist properties of estriol (E3) have been related to the brief nuclear retention of receptor-E3 complexes and to the lower affinity of E3 for the receptor compared to estradiol (E2). More recently, it was proposed that the partial agonist/antagonist activity of E3 may be due to its ability to eliminate positive cooperative binding of [3H]E2 to cytosolic estrogen receptor. In this model, positive cooperativity is related to receptor activation and transformation. We first examined the long term effects of E3 on E2 action in vivo. Mature ovariectomized rats were treated for 16 days with E2, E3, or mixtures of these two substances delivered through Alzet pumps at a constant hourly rate (E2, 0.04 microgram; E3, 0.4 and 0.04 microgram; E2 and E3, 0.04 and 0.4 microgram). The effects of E3 on uterine growth, induction of progesterone receptor synthesis, and activation (nuclear binding) of estrogen receptor suggest that when given continuously, E3 acts as a full agonist and does not inhibit E2 action. Furthermore, incubation of uteri at 37 C with [3H]E2 in the presence of a 1- to 20-fold molar excess of nonradioactive E3 did not alter the subcellular distribution of receptor-[3H]E2 complexes (80% nuclear and 20% cytosolic), demonstrating that E3 does not inhibit E2-induced receptor activation (i.e. the increased nuclear binding of receptor). Similarly, 4S to 5S transformation of [3H]E2-labeled estrogen receptor in intact uteri was not inhibited by E3. Equilibrium binding of [3H]E2 to uterine cell suspensions at physiological temperature (37 C) was noncooperative; nonradioactive E3 did not alter the affinity of the estrogen receptor for [3H]E2; Dixon plot analysis indicates that E3 is a purely competitive inhibitor of [3H]E2 binding. This, in conjunction with the lower affinity of the receptor for E3 than for E2, adequately explains the agonistic-antagonistic properties of E3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Metallodrug complexes that mediate DNA and lipid damage via sulfite autoxidation: copper(II) famotidine and iron(III) bis(salicyglycine)

Random DNA damage via the autoxidation of sulfite is observed to be mediated by micromolar concentrations of copper(II) and iron(III) metallodrug complexes. Importantly, these results are in contrast to observations made for nickel(II) complexes, where guanine-specific modification of DNA was observed. While the exact mechanism is not known, alcohol-quenching studies suggest the possible formation of sulfuroxyl radicals (SO3−, SO5−). Furthermore, these complexes are also observed to be effective catalysts for lipid oxidation. This study represents the first observation of DNA and lipid damage by sulfite and copper(II) and iron(III) coordination compounds and may lend insight to the biological toxicity of these transition metals.
Increased nuclear sizes in senescent human diploid fibroblast cultures.

Abstract Measurement of nuclear size in cultured human diploid fibroblasts (WI38) reveals a shift to larger cell nuclei as afunction of in vitro passage. Examination of nuclear size distribution on the basis of replicative potential reveals that at all levels of in vitro passage, the rapidly replicating cell population have smaller nuclear sizes than comparable populations of slow or non-replicating cells. While the nuclear size distribution of the rapidly replicating cell population remains relatively constant, there is a marked shift in the nuclear size distribution of the slow or non-replicating cell population to larger sizes with increasing in vitro passage.
Workforce diversity, temporal dimensions and team performance

Temporal dimensions of work is about how individuals perceive the concept of “time”. Time is the critical success factor in any organisation. This article focuses on the theme time, diversity and team performance with an attempt to emphasise that time acts as a mediator between the group and its performance in organisations. The question addressed in this paper is whether the different temporal dimensions of the diverse work force affects the team performance. The study also attempts to understand the impact of task meaningfulness, performance norms and organizational temporal orientations on the team performance in diverse work force.
Possible Guidelines for Autologous Red Blood Cell Donations Before Total Hip Arthroplasty Based on the Surgical Blood Order Equation

Objectives To determine, in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA), clinical predictive criteria for preoperative autologous blood donation and to propose guidelines to increase the efficiency and reduce the cost of preoperative autologous blood donation. Patients and Methods In this retrospective analysis of 165 adult patients undergoing primary THA, a stepwise regression analysis was used to determine which clinical variables predict erythropoiesis in patients donating autologous blood before THA. The surgical blood order equation (SBOE), which includes values for hemoglobin lost at surgery, preoperative hemoglobin level, and minimal acceptable hemoglobin level, was used to estimate the number of units of red blood cells (RBCs) needed for each patient at surgery and thus identify which patients should have made preoperative autologous blood donations. Results The statistically significant indicators for RBC production were predonation hemoglobin concentration ( P P =.003). Combining the regression equation for erythropoiesis with the SBOE allowed development of guidelines for the use of preoperative autologous RBC donation and erythropoietic therapy. For primary THA surgery, a patient with a predonation hemoglobin level higher than 14.7 g/dL does not need preoperative autologous donation. Preoperative autologous RBC donation would be effective for men with hemoglobin concentrations of 14.7 g/dL or less and for women with predonation hemoglobin levels of 13.2 to 14.7 gldL. In women whose hemoglobin level is less than 13.2 gl dL, erythropoietic therapy should accompany autologous donation. Conclusion Incorporation of patient factors with the SBOE system may result in increased efficiency and decreased cost of autologous blood ordering practices before THA.
Synthesis by partial-fraction expansion

A necessary coefficient relationship is proved for a class of RLC functions which are realisable by the partial-fraction-expansion technique.
An I/O management system for the iPSC/1 hypercube

The iPSC/1 Hypercube provides sufficient computing power for many scientific and research applications. The iPSC/1 is composed of a cubemanager and a collection of network connected nodes. There is no shared memory and only the cubemanager has connections to terminals, screens, and the file system. This lack of any higher level input/output facilities from the iPSC/1 nodes has made it difficult to write and debug sophisticated applications.
The independence of homarine from osmoregulatory mechanisms in the ventral nerve cord of Limulus polyphemus L.

Abstract 1. 1. Homarine (1-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) contributes a ean of 17·1 per cent to the total osmotic pressure in Limulus ventral nerve cord. 2. 2. Cryoscopic measurements show that Limulus living at 14·3–33·5‰ are slightly hyperosmotic to the environment. 3. 3. Lack of correlation between the amount of homarine in the cord and the environmental salinity indicates that this compound is not regulated to maintain hyperosmoticity. In addition, homarine varies neither with size of animal nor duration of acclimation to salinity. 4. 4. Chromatographic separation of the components of deproteinized nerve cord extracts reveals homarine as the major absorber of 275 mμ radiation; two additional compounds absorbing at this wavelength have been discovered but remain unidentified.
Brain SPECT imaging and neuropsychological testing in coronary artery bypass patients

Background. Cognitive deficits appear frequently after cardiac operation. While the etiology remains unclear, alterations in cerebral perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass may be causative. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scanning utilizes a radiopharmaceutical to provide images of cerebral perfusion. We proposed to study the cerebral circulation of patients during coronary artery bypass operation employing cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods. Thirty-five neurologically normal patients underwent preoperative SPECT brain scanning and neuropsychological testing. A second SPECT brain perfusion scan was obtained by administering the radioisotope during cardiopulmonary bypass, with subsequent scanning upon completion of the procedure. Postoperative neuropsychological testing was performed prior to discharge. Results. Fourteen (40%) of patients demonstrated significant neuropsychological decline. Patients who suffered cognitive impairment were no different in demographic, general health, or surgical variables. Patients who demonstrated neuropsychological decline had significantly poorer cerebral perfusion both at baseline and during operation. Conclusions. Impaired cerebral perfusion at baseline may identify patients at risk for cognitive injury after cardiac operation. Alterations in cerebral perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass is common, and may be a factor in neuropsychological deficits seen after cardiac operation.
Management of uterine fibroids in the patient pursuing assisted reproductive technologies.

Uterine leiomyomas are present in 30–70% of women of reproductive age. In addition to causing menstrual disorders and pain, uterine fibroids negatively affect fertility and pregnancy outcome for patients pursuing assisted reproduction. The two questions that have to be addressed are: which fibroids should be treated and how should they be treated? Submucosal fibroids are associated with a 70% reduction in delivery rate. Intramural fibroids had a lesser effect and reduced the delivery rate by approximately 30%. By contrast, studies have demonstrated that subserosal fibroids did not negatively impact fertility. Furthermore, both submucosal and intramural fibroids were associated with an increased risk of spontaneous miscarriage. Myomectomy is considered the treatment of choice to alleviate these detrimental effects. Further research is needed before alternative treatments can be recommended.
A Novel Direct Torque Control Method of PM Synchronous Motors

Direct Torque Control (DTC) technique is a fast, simple, and robust control method, which is not dependent to the parameters of the motor and environmental variations. Its drawbacks are variable switching frequency and high torque ripple. In this paper a new control technique is presented which provides a constant switching frequency and reduces the torque ripple comparing with conventional DTC methods. The fundamental equations of permanent magnet synchronous motors and condensational DTC method are explained. The proposed control technique is introduced and its limitations are discussed. A sensorless technique for rotor position detection and implementation of the new control method is also discussed. Experimental results of the proposed system are provided to show its viability and advantages over the conventional method.
The biological effects of simple tandem repeats: Lessons from the repeat expansion diseases

Tandem repeats are common features of both prokaryote and eukaryote genomes, where they can be found not only in intergenic regions but also in both the noncoding and coding regions of a variety of different genes. The repeat expansion diseases are a group of human genetic disorders caused by long and highly polymorphic tandem repeats. These disorders provide many examples of the effects that such repeats can have on many biological processes. While repeats in the coding sequence can result in the generation of toxic or malfunctioning proteins, noncoding repeats can also have significant effects including the generation of chromosome fragility, the silencing of the genes in which they are located, the modulation of transcription and translation, and the sequestering of proteins involved in processes such as splicing and cell architecture.
Formation and Thermal Stability of Au2O3 on Gold Nanoparticles: Size and Support Effects

Gold nanoparticles with two different size distributions (average sizes of ∼1.5 and ∼5 nm) have been synthesized by inverse micelle encapsulation and deposited on reducible (TiO2) and nonreducible (SiO2) supports. The thermal and chemical stability of oxidized gold species formed upon cluster exposure to atomic oxygen have been investigated in ultrahigh vacuum using a combination of temperature-, time- and CO dosing-dependent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), as well as temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). Our work demonstrates that (a) low-temperature (150 K) exposure to atomic oxygen leads to the formation of surface as well as subsurface gold oxide on Au nanoparticles, (b) the presence of the reducible TiO2 substrate leads to a lower gold oxide stability compared to that on SiO2, possibly because of a TiO2 oxygen vacancy-mediated decomposition process, (c) heating to 550 K (Au/SiO2) and 300 K (Au/TiO2) leads to a near-complete reduction of small (∼1.5 nm) NPs while a partial reduction is obse...
A Quick Method for Evaluating the Merits of a Proposed Low Sonic Boom Concept

The characteristics of a proposed low-boom aircraft concept cannot be adequately assessed unless it is given an extensive, time-consuming, mission-performance, and sonic-boom analyses. So, it would be useful to have a method for performing a quick first-order sonic-boom and mission-range analysis. The evaluation method outlined in this report has the attributes of being both fast and reasonably accurate. It can also be used as a design tool to estimate the sonic-boom ground overpressures, mission range, and beginning-cruise weight of a new low-boom concept during the first stages of preliminary design.
Soluble calcium fertilizer effects on early growth and nutrition of burley tobacco

Abstract During production of burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), initial soil pH needs to be 6.6 in order to maintain pH at midseason in the range of 5.8 to 6.2 to control manganese (Mn) toxicity, molybdenum (Mo) deficiency, and to enhance overall nutrient availability in soil. A field experiment was conducted at Lexington, Kentucky, during 2 years to determine the effects of rate of soluble calcium (Ca) (as gypsum‐CaSO4) on early growth and chemical composition of burley tobacco. On Maury silt loam soil (Typic Paleudalf; pH 6.6), plant dry weight and concentrations of potassium (K), Ca, and magnesium (Mg) 40 days after transplanting increased with rate of Ca fertilization up to 380 kg Ca/ha. Further increases in Ca fertilization decreased dry weight and K but had no effect on plant Ca or Mg concentrations. Generally, the effect of Ca on growth and nutrient accumulation was greatest in the presence of supplemental irrigation, K fertilization, and use of a nitrate (NO3) source of N. Plant Ca concentrat...
An Approach for the Effective Management of Heterogeneous Learning Resources

the rapid development of Internet technology for the production network laid the foundation for learning. The approach to learning has the transition from computer-assisted learning to Web-based Learning. This paper proposed an approach for effective sharing of Heterogeneous learning resources. It investigate the status of resource sharing to education, and analysis of the causes of the problem, raised a number of effective strategies to solve the problem, choose the model points in a typical demonstration of regional construction and research.
The gene expression profile of preclinical autoimmune arthritis and its modulation by a tolerogenic disease-protective antigenic challenge

Autoimmune inflammation is a characteristic feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other autoimmune diseases. In the natural course of human autoimmune diseases, it is rather difficult to pinpoint the precise timing of the initial event that triggers the cascade of pathogenic events that later culminate into clinically overt disease. Therefore, it is a challenge to examine the early preclinical events in these disorders. Animal models are an invaluable resource in this regard. Furthermore, considering the complex nature of the pathogenic immune events in arthritis, microarray analysis offers a versatile tool to define the dynamic patterns of gene expression during the disease course. In this study, we defined the profiles of gene expression at different phases of adjuvant arthritis (AA) in Lewis rats and compared them with those of antigen mycobacterial heat shock protein 65 (Bhsp65)-tolerized syngeneic rats. Purified total RNA (100 ng) extracted from the draining lymph node cells was used to generate biotin-labeled fragment cRNA, which was then hybridized with an oligonucleotide-based DNA microarray chip. Significance analysis of microarrays was used to compare gene expression levels between the two different groups by limiting the false discovery rate to < 5%. Some of the data were further analyzed using a fold change ≥2.0 as the cutoff. The gene expression of select genes was validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Intriguingly, the most dramatic changes in gene expression in the draining lymphoid tissue ex vivo were observed at the preclinical (incubation) phase of the disease. The affected genes represented many of the known proteins that participate in the cellular immune response. Interestingly, the preclinical gene expression profile was significantly altered by a disease-modulating, antigen-based tolerogenic regimen. The changes mostly included upregulation of several genes, suggesting that immune tolerance suppressed disease by activating disease-regulating pathways. We identified a molecular signature comprising at least 12 arthritis-related genes altered by Bhsp65-induced tolerance. This is the first report of microarray analysis in the rat AA model. The results of this study not only advance our understanding of the early phase events in autoimmune arthritis but also help in identifying potential targets for the immunomodulation of RA.
Variation of group size among African buffalo herds in a forest-savanna mosaic landscape

Documenting within species group size variation is important to completely understand social organization within species and to interpret variation among species. Here, I investigated group size of African buffalo Syncerus caffer over 2 years in a heterogeneous landscape. African buffalo use closed continuous forest and vast open savannas, and anecdotal observations suggest that habitat type influences their social structure. While the Cape buffalo Syncerus caffer caffer is well studied, few data exist for the forest-dwelling Syncerus caffer nanus. I observed forest buffalo at Lope National Park, Gabon, and examined variation of group size. Eighteen forest buffalo herds used the study area with an estimated population of 342 individuals (∼5 buffalo km−2). The mean group size for the 18 herds was 12 ± 2 (range of means=3–24), considerably smaller than Cape buffalo herds. For eight radiocollared forest buffalo, the mean group size was stable, varying little with time of day, across seasons, or between savanna and marsh habitat. However, herd size varied widely across herds, from fewer than 10 individuals in the smallest herds to more than 20 buffalo in the largest. Large herd size is associated with home ranges that contain substantial areas of open habitat, and thus more food resources than forested habitats.
Thiosemicarbazide as a reagent for the identification of aldehydes, ketones, and quinones

For chemotherapeutic studies and for evaluation of thiosemicarbazones as characteristic derivatives for the identification of carbonyl compounds, a large number of thiosemicarbazones have been prepared. The virtue of thiosemicarbazide as a reagent in qualitative organic analysis has been discussed. Most of the thiosemicarbazones prepared show very high in vitro antitubercular activity. A few of them have been shown to possess activity even higher than that of streptomycin.
Preparation and Characterization of High‐Density PbO–Bi2O3–B2O3 Glasses

Transparent glasses with densities greater than 8 g/mL, which are resistant to nuclear radiation damage and can serve as a host for rare-earth scintillators, are being developed. Glasses in the PbO–Bi2O3 system are known to have some of the highest densities yet reported. In this study, a thorough reexamination of these glasses has been performed to examine their optical-transmission windows and densities. The observed glass-forming range found in this work agrees well with that reported in the literature. A minimum of ≅ 10 mol% B2O3 was required in some cases to vitrify the compositions. Glasses were examined in which the PbO:Bi2O3 ratios ranged from 10:90 to 90:10 with a maximum total B2O3 content of ≅50 mol%. Glasses with higher B2O3 contents were not examined because of the rapidly decreasing density with increasing B2O3 content. The densities of the glasses ranged from a low of 6.0 g/mL to a high of 8.1 g/mL. The highest densities were observed for glasses with the greatest PbO content. Ultraviolet/visible and infrared spectra were recorded for these glasses. The transmission window lies between ≅430 and 3850 nm. A systematic increase in the cutoff wavelength was found to occur with an increase in the density. Water-absorption peaks were found in the infrared spectra at ≅3000 nm.
Return of plasma norepinephrine to normal after resolution of congestive heart failure in congenital heart disease.

Abstract Plasma norepinephrine is elevated in both adult and pediatric patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), and the degree of elevation corresponds to the severity of the CHF.1–4 It is not known whether this abnormal increase in adrenergic activity is reversible with the resolution of CHF.
An Exploratory Study of the Effects of Pregame Speeches on Team Efficacy Beliefs

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of pregame speeches on team efficacy. Male (n=45) and female (n=45) soccer players were presented with descriptions of two teams who were to play in an imagined soccer competition. Participants were asked to imagine themselves as being a member of team B. After reviewing team descriptions, participants listened to one of three randomly assigned pregame speeches. Speeches contained one of three themes: (a) uniform/field information that acted as a control, (b) strategic information, and (c) an emotionally persuasive plea. Results indicated that those exposed to the persuasive pregame speech reported significantly greater team efficacy beliefs. The control and strategy groups did not differ in team efficacy. Gender differences were also found.
HPLC receptorassay of opioid peptides in the cerebrospinal fluid of lower back pain patients.

Total opioid peptide receptoractivity in human cerebrospinal fluid is measured in patients who are experiencing lower back pain. Desalted CSF is eluted from a C18 Sep-Pak and is subjected to a radioreceptorassay (RRA) that employs tritiated etorphin, which is a ligand that is effectively displaced by opioids from several different types of opioid receptors. Three clinical groups have significantly different endogenous levels of 2.4, 4.5, and 6.4 pmol of methionine enkephalin-equivalents per mL CSF. Those three levels indicate that more opioid activity is correlated with the amount of drug to relieve the patient's perception of pain. When the total opioid content exceeds an empirical threshold, the sample is further fractionated with gradient reversed phase HPLC, and the opioid receptoractivity in each HPLC fraction is measured to determine the characteristic pattern of those receptoractive opioid peptides present in that patient's CSF. Different HPLC RRA patterns are found for different clinical categories. A possible interpretation of these two different sets of data.is that a lesion exists in one or several of the opioid peptidergic systems (metabolism, receptors) in this particular patient population.
Stantonia pallida (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Reared from Neomusotima conspurcatalis Warren (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), a Classical Biological Control Agent of Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br. (Polypodiales: Lygodiaceae)

Stantonia pallida (Ashmead) sensu Braet and Quicke (2004) is reported from Neomusotima conspurcatalis Warren (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), a classical biological control agent of Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br. (Polypodiales: Lygodiaceae) in Florida. It is the first reported parasitoid of N. conspurcatalis. One undetermined species each of Cotesia Cameron, Glyptapanteles Ashmead, and Rhygoplitis Mason (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) are likely parasitoids of N. conspurcatalis but need to be confirmed through rearing from host larvae isolated individually. The use of S. pallida, under the name Stantonia lamprosemae Muesebeck, for control of Diaphania hyalinata (Linnaeus) and Diaphania nitidalis (Stoll) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Florida is reviewed and used to illustrate the importance of systematics and natural history collections to classical biological control. The potential effects of these parasitoids on control of L. microphyllum in Florida are discussed.
Postural Stability in Cigarette Smokers and During Abstinence from Alcohol

Background Static postural instability is common in alcohol dependent individuals (ALC). Chronic alcohol consumption has deleterious effects on the neural and perceptual systems subserving postural stability. However, little is known about the effects of chronic cigarette smoking on postural stability and its changes during abstinence from alcohol.
Personality Disorders in Later Life: Questions About the Measurement, Course, and Impact of Disorders

Lifespan perspectives have played a crucial role in shaping our understanding of many forms of psychopathology. Unfortunately, little attention has been given to personality disorders in middle adulthood and later life. Several issues are responsible for this deficiency, including difficulty applying the diagnostic criteria for personality disorders to older people and challenges in identifying appropriate samples of older participants. The goal of this review is to explore the benefits of considering older adults in the study of personality disorders. Later life offers a unique opportunity for investigators to consider links between personality pathology and consequential outcomes in people's lives. Many domains are relevant, including health, longevity, social adjustment, marital relationships, and the experience of major life events. We review each domain and consider ways in which the study of middle-aged and older adults challenges researchers to evaluate how personality disorders in general are defi...
Subwavelength Surface Plasmon Optical Cavity—Scaling, Amplification, and Coherence

Scaling, coherence, and amplification of a subwavelength surface plasmon micropillar optical cavity have been studied using 3-D finite-difference time-domain calculations. Two experiments have also been conducted for the demonstration of the gain-assisted propagation of surface plasmon polaritons in a planar metal-semiconductor waveguide and the enhancement of the cavity-Q factor in a subwavelength surface plasmon micropillar cavity.
Groseclose and Snyder in finite legislatures

The Groseclose and Snyder (1996) model is one of the best-known models of vote buying in legislatures. Although the logic of the model is compelling, it is not clear that its key propositions, derived in a continuous set-up, hold in finite legislatures. This is an important issue because many real-world legislatures are small and should be modeled as finite in order to make predictions on coalition formation in them. This paper makes two contributions. The main one is to show with full generality that the key propositions in the Groseclose and Snyder model do carry through into finite legislatures. Secondly, it clarifies the role that parameter restrictions played in previous work on this question by Banks (2000) which was not fully general.
The Consequences of Iron Deficiency and Anemia in Pregnancy

Iron deficiency and its consequent anemia is recognized as the most prevalent specific nutrient deficiency in the world. It is estimated that about 2.15 billion people are iron deficient (WHO, 1991) and that this deficiency is severe enough to cause anemia in 1.2 billion people globally (Viteri, 1991). About 90% of all anemias are due to lack of iron, affecting mostly the developing world where nearly 1/3 of the population is iron deficient. However, the industrial world is not free from it: 11% of its population has iron deficiency (WHO, 1991; Viteri, 1991).
Metal-metal multiple bonds in dinuclear clusters

Just over 20 years have elapsed since the first recognition of the existence of compounds that contain metal-metal multiple bonds. The present article surveys many of the important developments that have occurred in this field since the publication in 1982 of the text “Multiple Bonds Between Metal Atoms” by the present authors. Detailed updates are provided of the chemistry surrounding ditungsten, ditechnetium, and dirhenium complexes that possess quadruple bonds (σ2Π4δ2 electronic configuration) and electron-rich triple bonds (σ2Π4δ2δ*2 electronic configuration). The rapidly developing chemistry of multiply bonded diruthenium and diosmium complexes that possess the M 2 +4 , M 2 5+ , and M 2 6+ cores, especially those containing ligand bridges, is also surveyed. Additional topics that have been covered are the following: the reactivity of dimolybdenum(III) and ditungsten(III) hexaalkoxides; the chemistry of singly bonded diplatinum(III) complexes; experimental and theoretical aspects of the bonding in Open image in new window complexes; the diatomics Mo2, Cr2, V2 and Ru2; and the photoelectron spectroscopy, optical activity, and M-M bond length/bond order and charge correlations that characterize compounds that contain metal-metal multiple bonds.
Lack of Spatial Indicators in Hamlet

While researching spatial movements in play-scripts, we uncovered some movements that actors performed that could not be explained by the annotations or basic theatre rules. Here, we look to learn implied motion based on what the characters in the play are saying. Humans are able to do this with only being given the play-script, so how do we get a computer to do it? Several features, including n -grams, parts of speech (POS) bag of words (BoW), length of speech, and other contextual details were utilized with several machine learning methods to help predict movement within the play. Results reveal that is a difficult problem and basic natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) techniques do not perform much better than a random classifier.