cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Study of American Zoning Board Composition and Public Attitudes Toward Zoning Issues

In the United States, many important land use decisions are made, at least in the first instance, by administrative bodies composed of local citizens, appointed by the mayor or city council. These boards, typically designated the Planning and Zoning Commission and the Board of Zoning Adjustment, are often suspected of favoritism and bias, in exercising authority ranging from the adoption of comprehensive land use plans and zoning amendments to granting variances or special use permits. However, courts routinely give board decisions great deference, adopting a presumption of validity based on the notion that these boards are composed of the proper representatives of the community. In order to test that assumption, we surveyed the nation`s largest cities to determine the occupations of their zoning board members. The results indicate that zoning boards are dominated by citizens with white-collar occupations. About three-quarters of zoning board members hold professional, technical or managerial jobs, despite comprising only a third of the national workforce. In addition, over 30% of board members have a direct interest in property development. To determine the potential effects of this occupational skew, we conducted a survey of citizens to determine whether their attitudes toward controversial land use issues vary according to demographic factors, including occupation. We found significant differences, although not always in ways we expected. In the end, these results indicate that cities should attempt to appoint a broader cross-section of the community to zoning boards. Although planners, lawyers, and other professionals were necessary in the past, we question whether particular expertise is necessary to accomplish the tasks assigned to modern zoning boards. Finally, if zoning boards continue to be dominated by interest groups, courts may need to reconsider the deference they typically grant to board decisions.
Oxidation of a thin film of a carbonaceous char at pressures below 10 super -4 torr.

Heterogeneous reactions of molecular oxygen with thin film of carbonaceous char at low pressures
PIVOT and UNPIVOT: optimization and execution strategies in an RDBMS

PIVOT and UNPIVOT, two operators on tabular data that exchange rows and columns, enable data transformations useful in data modeling, data analysis, and data presentation. They can quite easily be implemented inside a query processor, much like select, project, and join. Such a design provides opportunities for better performance, both during query optimization and query execution. We discuss query optimization and execution implications of this integrated design and evaluate the performance of this approach using a prototype implementation in Microsoft SQL Server.
Debt and taxes

Abstract The extreme reliance on debt that has been a persistent feature of corporate finance in contemporary Japan is at least partially due to low personal tax rates. This statement is supported by comparison of Japan and U.S. taxes based on the taxes and failure cost theory of finance.
Effect of Intestinal Hormones and Peptides on Intragastric Pressure in Dogs

Abstract Intragastric pressure was measured in dogs with gastric fistulas by using a flaccid balloon containing 500 ml of water. Intravenous infusion of cholecystokinin (20% pure), the carboxyl-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin, secretin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide produced dose-related decreases in intragastric pressure with maximal decreases of 40% or more. Glucagon and gastric inhibitory peptide produced smaller decreases in intragastric pressure. Motilin caused a dose-related increase in intragastric pressure that lasted only about 7 min despite continuing infusion of the peptide. The half-dose of cholecystokinin or of octapeptide of cholecystokinin for pancreatic protein secretion and the half-dose of secretin for pancreatic bicarbonate secretion each produced significant inhibition of intragastric pressure, suggesting that these hormones play a physiological role in regulating gastric pressure.
Animated simulation of human-robot coordination with alternative voice command

In animated simulation of human-robot coordination, the voice command is a useful feature to free the human operator's hand during the compliance control stage. The purpose of developing the simulation program is to perform the simulation before any physical experiments with robot hardware are conducted. The outcome of the simulation may give an insight into any unexpected interactions which may endanger the human operator as well as equipment. The human operator may learn from these experiences and be aware of the problems which may appear when physical experiments are performed.
On the Tendency Toward Convexity of the Vector Sum of Sets

There are several instances (e.g., [2, p. 255], [3, p. 255]) in the general equilibrium theory of economics where one is interested in the following question: Given sets {X i } i = 1 n in a vector space V, how close is the vector sum $${\sum }_{i=1}^{n}{X}_{ i} = \left \{{\sum }_{i=1}^{n}{x}_{ i} : {x}_{i} \in {X}_{i}\right \}$$ (4.1) to being convex?
Schools as Sites for Transformation: Exploring the Contribution of Habitus:

Schools are often criticized for their role in creating the dropout problem. This article illustrates that with the right resources and approach, educational programs could become sites of transformation rather than reproducers of social inequality. Narrative and thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with graduates of a nationwide program that serves high school dropouts reveals that its asset-based, mission-driven approach touched many aspects of these students’ lives and produced changes in elements of their habitus. Aspects of the program that appeared to be central in changing participants’ habitus include the development of self-esteem, the ability to accomplish something of value, and the capacity to contribute to the welfare of others. Implications of these findings for influencing the habitus of school dropouts and improving upward social mobility are discussed.
Pancreas transplant and incidental Meckel's diverticulum: not always a straightforward decision.

: Introduction: Unexpected intraoperative findings are not rare in surgical practice. Meckel’s diverticulum with a mass is one such example. There are only two previously reported cases of Meckel’s in transplantation, and neither involved pancreas transplant. Results and discussion: We present a case report of novel surgical technique using a Meckel’s diverticulectomy site for the duodeno-enterostomy to managing the exocrine secretions of the transplanted pancreas. We also discuss management of Meckel’s diverticulum. The patient tolerated the procedure without complication, and continues to have normal renal and pancreatic function without any gastrointestinal (GI) complaints. The excised Meckel’s diverticulum contained both gastric and pancreatic tissue. Conclusion: Although uncertainty about the best management practices exists in the general surgery patient population, given the potential complications that may arise from Meckel’s diverticulum, in transplant patients the Meckel’s should be removed when encountered. The point of excision can safely be incorporated into other intestinal anastomoses.
Descriptions of First Instars of Nominal Type-Species of Eight Diaspidid Tribes

First instars of the nominal type species of the following diaspidid tribes are described and illustrated: Aspidiotini― Aspidiotus nerii Bouche; Comstockiellini― Comstockiella sabalis (Comstock); Chionaspidini― Chionaspis salicis (Linnaeus); Diaspidini― Diaspis echinocacti (Bouche); Fioriniini― Fiorinia fioriniae (Targioni ― Tozzetti); Lepidosaphidini ― Lepidosaphes ulmi (Linnaeus); Odonaspidini― Odonaspis secreta (Cockerell); Parlatoriini― Parlatoria proteus (Curtis). A key to the tribes based on 1st instars is proposed.
The effect of ethanol consumption on trace mineral status in elderly rats

Abstract The effect of ethanol consumption on trace mineral status in 23-month old female rats was investigated. Ethanol was isocalorically substituted for dextrin at 35% of the calories in a liquid diet. Tissue trace minerals were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Compared to controls, rats consuming ethanol for 30 days had decreased liver concentrations of zinc, iron and magnesium. Other tissues examined were unaffected. Tissue concentrations of copper and manganese and hemoglobin, hematocrit and plasma ceruloplasmin were not different. Histological liver examination revealed fatty infiltration in ethanol treated rats. Decrease of liver concentrations of zinc, iron and magnesium in the absence of cirrhosis is attributed to the effect of ethanol and was not due to lower dietary intake of these minerals in the ethanol consuming animals compared to the controls.
Probing Valence Orbital Composition with Iron Kβ X-ray Emission Spectroscopy

A systematic study of 12 ferric and ferrous Kβ X-ray emission spectra (XES) is presented. The factors contributing to the Kβ main line and the valence to core region of the spectra are experimentally assessed and quantitatively evaluated. While the Kβ main line spectra are dominated by spin state contributions, the valence to core region is shown to have greater sensitivity to changes in the chemical environment. A density functional theory (DFT) based approach is used to calculate the experimental valence spectra and to evaluate the contributions to experimental intensities and energies. The spectra are found to be dominated by iron np to 1s electric dipole allowed transitions, with pronounced sensitivity to spin state, ligand identity, ligand ionization state, hybridization state, and metal−ligand bond lengths. These findings serve as an important calibration for future applications to iron active sites in biological and chemical catalysis. Potential applications to Compound II heme derivatives are high...
Antioxidant capacity of fresh-cut vegetables exposed to ionizing radiation

The effect of ionizing radiation on antioxidant capacity, phenolic content and tissue browning of three vegetables was studied. Midrib and non-midrib leaf tissues of Romaine and Iceberg lettuce and endive were irradiated with gamma-rays at 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 kGy, and then stored at 7–8 °C for 8 days. Antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of tissues as well as tissue browning were analyzed at 1, 4 and 8 days of storage. In general, irradiation increased the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of both tissue types of all vegetables at day 4 and day 8. The rates of the increase were higher in midrib tissues than in non-midribs, and increased with storage time. Irradiation, however, increased tissue browning of midrib tissues of Romaine and Iceberg lettuce. Our results suggest that irradiation increased nutritional quality of leafy vegetables, but some adverse visual quality changes were encountered. Published in 2005 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What have we learned from gene targeting studies for the renin angiotensin system of the kidney

Over the last decade, gene targeting technologies have provided investigators with powerful new tools to study the physiology and pathophysiology of the kidney. In that, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been a subject of intense investigation. Detailed analyses of mutant mice have not only confirmed notions already suggested by other studies, but also shed a new light on previously unrecognized functions of RAS. In this review, we will focus on what we have learned from these gene targeted animals in particular relevance to nephrology.
Titelbild: Ultrafast Electron Crystallography of Surface Structural Dynamics with Atomic‐Scale Resolution (Angew. Chem. 20/2004)

Die Dynamik von Oberflachenstrukturen wird mit prazedenzloser raumlicher und zeitlicher Auflosung durch ultraschnelle Elektronenkristallographie bestimmt. Die dynamischen Prozesse werden durch einen Femtosekunden-Laserpuls ausgelost, ein ultrakurzer Elektronenpuls bildet die kurzlebigen Oberflachenstrukturen ab. Momentaufnahmen der Beugungsmuster zu Verzogerungszeiten Δt ermoglichen die Beobachtung der Dynamik von Oberflachenstrukturen in Echtzeit mit atomarer Auflosung. Mehr dazu erfahren Sie in der Zuschrift von A. H. Zewail et al. auf S. 2759 ff.
Super-resolution Optical Imaging of Single-Molecule SERS Hot Spots

We present the first super-resolution optical images of single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SM-SERS) hot spots, using super-resolution imaging as a powerful new tool for understanding the interaction between single molecules and nanoparticle hot spots. Using point spread function fitting, we map the centroid position of SM-SERS with ±10 nm resolution, revealing a spatial relationship between the SM-SERS centroid position and the highest SERS intensity. We are also able to measure the unique position of the SM-SERS centroid relative to the centroid associated with nanoparticle photoluminescence, which allows us to speculate on the presence of multiple hot spots within a single diffraction-limited spot. These measurements allow us to follow dynamic movement of the SM-SERS centroid position over time as it samples different locations in space and explores regions larger than the expected size of a SM-SERS hot spot. We have proposed that the movement of the SERS centroid is due to diffusion of ...
Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 using immuno beads

A new fluorescent sandwich method for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 was developed. Strepavidin coated magnetic beads and fluorescence beads reacted with biotinylated anti E. coli O157 antibodies to form the immuno magnetic beads (IMB) and immuno fluorescence beads (IFB), respectively. The E. coli bacteria captured by IMB were further labeled with IFB to form IMB M- ( E. coli O157:H7) N- IFB O sandwich complexes where the subscripts M, N and O were integral numbers. Using broth cultured E. coli O157:H7, the sandwich method was able to detect the bacteria at the level of ~ 10 3 to 10 4 CFU/mL. Known quantity of freshly cultured E. coli O157:H7 cells were added to ground beef obtained from local markets. The bacteria in inoculated beef patties were enriched in EC broth containing novobiocin. After enriched for 4 h at 40 °C, the developed IMB-IFB method was applied to detect the presence of E. coli O157:H7. The results demonstrated that the developed method could detect the presence of 1 CFU of E. coli O157:H7 per gram of ground beef.
Help for menopausal patients with lupus

Patients with lupus have menopause-related symptoms, and some need hormone replacement therapy to gain relief. This randomized trial compared the rate of serious flares of lupus during 12 months of...
Refined model of luminescence production in plastic scintillators

Abstract Refinement is made of a previously reported model describing the specific luminescence of plastic scintillators when penetrated by energetic heavy ions. A detailed description of the model is given and simplifying assumptions on which it is based are discussed. Appropriate relations are derived which describe the scattered electron density profile along the path of the moving heavy-ion. Comparison of results with those of the original model is shown. The concept of saturation of luminescence centers leads to an explicit relation from which relative specific luminescence data may be calculated. An additional empirical correction provides calculated specific luminescence values that are in remarkably good agreement with experimental data. Figures of calculated and experimental values of specific luminescence are shown for 16 O, 35 Cl, 40 Ar, 79 Br, and 127 I ions over an energy range from less than 10 MeV to about 140 MeV.
Understanding the hydrodenitrogenation chemistry of heavy oils

Abstract Systematic investigation of eight heavy oils with very widely varying properties has revealed that the hydrodenitrogenation chemistry of heavy oils is controlled by the strongly inhibiting three and larger ring aromatic hydrocarbon content of the heavy oil. The information forwarded by this study is expected to assist clean fuels production by providing new avenues for developing superior catalysts and improving/optimizing the heavy oil hydrodenitrogenation process.
Obliteration of periarterial retropancreatic fat on CT in pancreatitis: an exception to the rule.

Obliteration of the fat that surrounds the celiac axis or superior mesenteric artery is a common CT feature of pancreatic cancer. In its typical form, this finding is so characteristic of local extension of pancreatic adenocarcinoma that it has come to be regarded as almost diagnostic of that condition [1 -3]. We report a case of pancreatitis in which obliteration of the fat at the margins of the celiac axis and superior mesenteric artery, together with a focal mass in the pancreas, produced a CT appearance indistinguishable from that typically caused by pancreatic carcinoma.
Computational design of thin-film nanocomposite coatings for optimized stress and velocity accommodation response

The tailoring of thin-film coatings comprised of high strength nano-grained constituents is investigated by new microstructurally based finite-element techniques for applications related to the wear, durability, and performance of these coatings over a broad range of temperatures and loading conditions. These coatings are comprised of brittle phases, diamond-like carbon and partially stabilized zirconia and ductile constituents, such as gold and molybdenum. The effects of wear, contact transfer films, grain sizes and distributions, grain spacing and strength are used to determine the optimal thin-film coating compositions. Comparisons are made with experimental measurements pertaining to durability and wear for validation and for the development of design guidelines for thin-film nanocomposite coatings.
Re-entrance phenomena in mesomorphic poly-γ-benzyl-l-glutamate (PBLG) solutions

Abstract We predict here, using a two-parameter polymer model and a mean field theory, isotropic-nematic-isotropic re-entrance phenomena in PBLG dissolved in denatured solvents, and propose experimental conditions under which the phenomena may be observed.
Approximation and estimation techniques for neural networks

The determination of the neural-path weights and other network parameters is posed as a state estimation problem. The application of the Kalman filter algorithm for training the neural network via this form of state estimation is suggested. Two cases of the problem are considered. The first one (the discrete case) is a linear estimation problem for the situation in which the given mapping (to be approximated) is specified in terms of a discrete, finite set of input-output pattern pairs. The second one (the continuous case) is a nonlinear estimation problem in which the given mapping is defined over a compact, non-discrete subset of R/sup n/. >
Multielectron effects on single-electron strong field ionization

An apparently simple phenomenon of single-electron strong field ionization involves subtle factors related to multielectron effects. A single electron in an atom or molecule can feel a distinctly different screening strength when exposed to strong fields as opposed to weak fields, and this electron screening due to multielectron motion influences single-electron ionization. The concept and a corresponding model developed in the paper allow a generalization of the Ammosov-Delone-Krainov model for predicting strong field ionization rates of more complicated atoms and molecules. This general approach explains the recently observed anomalous low single ionization rate in O{sub 2} . (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
Studies on the immunochemical relatedness among tetrapod gonadotropins and their subunits with antisera to sea turtle hormones.

Abstract Immunological relatedness among gonadotropins from the four classes of tetrapods was studied with three antisera ( a s ) raised in rabbits against follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and LHβ subunit from the green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas . Only pituitaries or FSH from turtles showed appreciable cross-reaction in the homologous RIA for Chelonia FSH, and preparations from the heterologous suborder Pleurodira showed weaker and less complete cross-reactivity than from species of Cryptodira. However, the Chelonia FSH a s was capable of neutralizing the biological activity of crocodilian FSH and showed specific binding to 125 I-labeled FSH from birds and mammals (but not amphibians). Considerable immunorelatedness was evident among the LH preparations of different species and this appeared to result primarily from common antigenic determinants on the α subunits of LH. First, all chelonian, crocodilian, and avian LH preparations showed high activity in RIA based on anti- Chelonia LH serum and 125 I-labeled Chelonia LHα as tracer; in fact, several of these heterologous species of LH were more potent than the Chelonia LH. LH from eutherian mammals (human, ovine, bovine) showed essentially no cross-reactivity, but preparations of ovine LHα and kangaroo LH showed measurable activity in LHα RIA. Second, the antiserum for LH, which contained antibodies to the LHα subunit, neutralized the biological activity of LH from other species of turtles, crocodilians, and a mammal (sheep). Third, 125 I-labeled preparations of avian (turkey) and mammalian (ovine and rat) LH showed specific binding to this antiserum. In contrast, parallel tests with an antiserum raised against Chelonia LHβ showed high cross-reactions only with LHs from other species of turtles; i.e., little or no cross-reaction with any nonchelonian species was indicated in RIA, neutralization tests, or binding studies with 125 I-labeled hormones. Gonadotropins from amphibians and snakes showed no cross-reaction in any tests with any of the three antisera used. This conspicuous lack of immunological cross-reactivity of snake gonadotropins, especially with antibodies to LHα, provides further evidence for a pronounced structural divergence between the hormones of squamates and the other reptilian orders.
Patterns of harvesting foliage and bark from the multipurpose tree Khaya senegalensis in Benin: Variation across ecological regions and its impacts on population structure

Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) represent important resources for millions of communities worldwide. Concerns over NTFP overexploitation has led to a growing number of studies on the ecological impacts of harvest. Few studies however, have addressed species harvested for multiple parts or investigated how spatial variation affects harvest patterns and their impacts. We documented rates and patterns of pruning and debarking and their impacts on density and population structure, for 12 populations of the multiuse tree, Khaya senegalensis (Meliaceae) in two ecological regions (Sudano-Guinean versus Sudanian) of Benin, West Africa. Half of the populations had low or no harvest and half were highly harvested. Patterns of pruning and debarking were size-specific, with harvesters tending to prefer larger trees. Foliage harvest pressures were very high across both regions, with >70% of trees harvested for 100% of their crowns. A significantly greater proportion of trees were harvested for foliage in the wetter Sudano-Guinean region than in Sudanian region. The reverse was true for the proportion of foliage and bark-harvested per tree. In the Sudano-Guinean region, high harvest populations had significantly lower densities of seedlings and saplings than low harvest populations. The size-class distribution coefficient of skewness was significantly correlated with rainfall, habitat, and soil type. Variation in harvesting patterns and their ecological impacts can be explained in large part by differences in water availability between the two regions. Effective conservation plans for K. senegalensis require close consideration of the environmental and land-use context in which populations occur.
Interpersonal construct differentiation, attitudinal confidence, and the attitude‐behavior relationship

Subjects differing in interpersonal construct differentiation completed a measure of religious attitude, a measure of attitudinal confidence, and a 20‐item religious behavior self‐report inventory. High‐confidence subjects exhibited greater attitude‐behavior consistency (r = .69) than did low‐confidence subjects (r = .51). Despite high power (N = 313), high‐ and low‐differentiation subjects did not differ significantly (r = .61 and .66, respectively), indicating that the role of differentiation as a direct mediator of non‐interpersonal attitude‐behavior consistency is a comparatively small one. But the influence of attitudinal confidence on attitude‐behavior consistency was larger for low‐differentiation subjects (r = .75 for high confidence, .51 for low) than for high‐differentiation subjects (r = .68 for high confidence, .50 for low), suggesting that interpersonal construct system development may indirectly influence the relationship of non‐interpersonal attitudes and behaviors.
Laryngoscopy of vocal fold paralysis: Evaluation of consistency of clinical findings†

Objectives/Hypothesis: Laryngoscopy is the principal tool for the clinical assessment of vocal fold paralysis (VFP). Yet no consistent, unified vocabulary to describe laryngoscopic findings exists, compromising the evaluation and comparison of cases, outcomes, and treatment. The goal of this investigation was to evaluate laryngoscopic findings in VFP for inter- and intra-rater consistency. Study Design: Prospective survey-based study. Methods: Half-minute excerpts from stroboscopic exams of 22 patients with VFP were mailed to 22 fellowship-trained laryngologists. Each reviewer was sent exams in randomized order, with three random repeats included to determine intra-rater reliability. Twelve laryngoscopic criteria were assessed and recorded on preprinted sheets. Eleven criteria were binary in nature (yes/no); glottic insufficiency was rated on a four-point scale (none/mild/moderate/severe). Raters were blinded to clinical history, each other's ratings, and to their own previous ratings. Inter-rater agreement was calculated by Fleiss' kappa. Results: Twenty reviewers (91%) replied. Intra-rater reliability by reviewer ranged from 66% to 100% and by laryngoscopic criterion from 77% to 100%. Of the laryngoscopic criteria used, glottic insufficiency (κ = 0.55), vocal fold bowing (κ = 0.49), and salivary pooling (κ = 0.45) showed moderate agreement between reviewers. Arytenoid stability (κ = 0.1), arytenoid position (κ = 0.12), and vocal fold height mismatch (κ = 0.12) showed poor agreement. The remainder showed slight to fair agreement. Conclusions: Inter-rater agreement on commonly used laryngoscopic criteria is generally fair to poor. Glottic insufficiency, vocal fold bowing, and salivary pooling demonstrated the most agreement among responding laryngologists. These findings suggest a need for a standardized descriptive scheme for laryngoscopic findings in VFP. Laryngoscope, 2010
Functional integral for a free particle in a box.

A free nonrelativistic particle moving in a one-dimensional box can be described by any of a four-parameter family of self-adjoint Hamiltonians each of which guarantees that probability does not leave the box. Included are cases where the particle striking one wall may reappear at the other. We construct a four-parameter family of Brownian functional integrals which include paths that jump from wall to wall. Their analytic continuation in time results in the same quantum Green's functions as those which arise directly from the Hamiltonians.
Optimum Scheduling of Hydrothermal Systems - A Generalized Approach

A gradient method for finding the optimum allocation of load to the energy resources of a hydrothermal system, suitable for use with digital computers, is presented. The operating restrictions are treated simultaneously with the optimization procedure by the use of slack variables. Transmission losses are taken into account.
Primary Hodgkin's disease of the skull following a 3-year history of pseudotumor cerebri.

Hodgkin's disease involving contiguous areas of the skull, overlying soft tissue, and extending to the underlying epidural space, developed in a 29-year-old woman with a 3-year history of pseudotumor cerebri. The patient had been on varying doses of steroids since shortly after the development of headaches and papilledema in 1981. In 1984, following radiation therapy for Hodgkin's disease, the tumor and headaches resolved. Pseudotumor cerebri antedating Hodgkin's disease has not been previously reported. The pseudotumor cerebri may have been an early manifestation of Hodgkin's disease in an unusual location. Cancer 58:318–320, 1986.
High-Affinity, Small-Molecule Peptidomimetic Inhibitors of MLL1/WDR5 Protein–Protein Interaction

Mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) is a histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase, and targeting the MLL1 enzymatic activity has been proposed as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of acute leukemia harboring MLL1 fusion proteins. The MLL1/WDR5 protein–protein interaction is essential for MLL1 enzymatic activity. In the present study, we designed a large number of peptidomimetics to target the MLL1/WDR5 interaction based upon −CO-ARA-NH–, the minimum binding motif derived from MLL1. Our study led to the design of high-affinity peptidomimetics, which bind to WDR5 with Ki < 1 nM and function as potent antagonists of MLL1 activity in a fully reconstituted in vitro H3K4 methyltransferase assay. Determination of co-crystal structures of two potent peptidomimetics in complex with WDR5 establishes their structural basis for high-affinity binding to WDR5. Evaluation of one such peptidomimetic, MM-102, in bone marrow cells transduced with MLL1-AF9 fusion construct shows that the compound effectively de...
Interactive Stereotactic Surgical System for the Removal of Intracranial Tumors Utilizing the CO2 Laser and CT-Derived Database

The transposition of data derived from computed tomography into three-dimensional stereotactic space has been found to be useful for the removal of intracranial tumors by a stereotactically directed CO2 laser. Serial cross sections of a CT-derived tumor volume sliced orthogonal to any surgical trajectory are displayed in the operating room. Tumor slices are interactively vaporized with a stereotactically directed carbon dioxide laser. In this manner, the entire mass detected by CT scanning may be removed within a three-dimensionally controlled environment.
Concentration of Salmonella pullorum Antigen and the Immunosuppressive Effect of Adrenocorticotropin in Growing Chickens

Abstract The role of antigen concentration on the immunosuppressive effect of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) was tested in 6-week-old White Rock chickens that were immunized i.v. with 1 ml of heat-treated Salmonella pullorum at packed cell volume concentrations of .06 to .00015%, At 16 and 10 hr before the antigen (Ag) injection, the birds received either 4 IU·100 g body wt−1 of ACTH i.m., or the gelatin (Gel) vehicle. Total, 2-mercaptoethanol sensitive (2-MES), and 2-mercaptoethanol resistant (2-MER) agglutinin antibody titers were determined. The ACTH significantly suppressed total agglutinin titers with the lower Ag concentrations (.0015 and .00015%) but not with the higher Ag concentrations. The ACTH significantly suppressed 2-MES titers only when Ag concentrations were low but suppressed 2-MER titers regardless of Ag concentration. The results indicated that there may be critical Ag concentrations capable of inducing maximal humoral antibody responses in moderate environments but which allow these responses to be suppressed by environments that stimulate increased pituitary-adrenal activity.
TEMPERATURE‐SENSITIVITY OF LIGHT‐INDUCED PHASE SHIFTING OF THE CIRCADIAN CLOCK OF NEUROSPORA

— Two new mutants of Neurospora craasa, designated hth-1 and hth-2, have been isolated which allow clear expression of the circadian conidiation rhythm at high temperature (36°C). Both strains showed single-gene segregation and produced similar phenotypes but mapped to different genetic loci. These mutants allowed an analysis of the effect of temperature on (1) light-induced phase-shifting of the circadian rhythm, (2) period length of rhythm, and (3) growth rate. The amplitude of the phase response curve to light was drastically reduced as the temperature was increased from 25°C to 34°C. Phase advances were decreased more than phase delays. As previously reported (Sargent et al., 1966), the period length of the rhythm is temperature-compensated below 30°C (Q10˜ 1) but not well-compensated above 30°C (Q10 1.3–1.7). The decrease in amplitude of the light phase response curve occurred in both temperature ranges. Furthermore, the Q10 value was lowered by addition of yeast extract in the high temperature range but not in the low range. Q10 values for growth rate also differed in these strains both in the low temperature range (25–30°C) and the high temperature range (30–34°C).
Increasing the resistance of teeth to fracture: bonded composite resin versus glass ionomer cement

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the fracture resistance of teeth restored with bonded composite resin to teeth restored with glass ionomer cement. Extracted maxillary premolars prepared with MOD slots were restored with either a light-cured composite resin (P-30) bonded (with Scotchbond) to enamel and dentin or with glass ionomer cement (Ketac Fil) following manufacturers' directions. One group, left unrestored, served as the control. All of the teeth were loaded occlusally by a universal testing machine until fracture. The results suggest that teeth restored with bonded composite resin are significantly more resistant to fracture than teeth restored with glass ionomer cement (P=0.05). cohesive failures occurred frequently within the bulk of the glass ionomer cement. Failures with the bonded composites usually occurred within the bonding agent.
Fiber orientation and cell-cell coupling influence ventricular fibrillation dynamics.

Cell Coupling Influences VF Dynamics. Introduction: The structure of ventricular fibrillation (VF) is influenced by regional differences in action potential durations and perhaps restitution kinetics and fiber anisotropy.The spatial organization of VF was investigated by measuring the cross-correlation (CC) and mutual information (MI) of membrane potential (V m ) oscillations recorded from multiple sites. Methods and Results: Rabbit hearts (n = 6) were retrogradely perfused and stained with di-4-ANEPPS, and VF was elicited by burst pacing. V m oscillations were recorded optically from multiple locations on the epicardium using a 16 x 16 photodiode array or a 72 x 78 CCD camera. The spatial organization of VF was investigated by calculating the maximum CC (CC m a x ) and MI (MI m a x ) that can be obtained between any two sites. CC m a x and MI m a x were extended to all pixels and served as indices of the similarities between V m transients at a reference pixel and all other pixels on the map. We found that maps of CC m a x and MI m a x did not contain discrete regions with high CC or MI. However, CC m a x and MI m a x decreased monotonically with increasing distance between any arbitrarily chosen reference pixel and all other pixels. In VF, maps of CC m a x and MI m a x revealed elliptical gradients of CC and MI that were closely aligned with fiber orientation, with major axis at 127° ′ 8° on the left ventricles. Conclusion: CC and MI analysis in fibrillation provides new evidence that anisotropy of fiber orientation and cell-cell coupling have a direct influence on VF dynamics.
Newly discovered respiratory viruses: significance and implications

With the recent advances in molecular biology and the ability to amplify viral genomes in a non-sequence-dependent manner, several previously unidentified human respiratory viruses have been discovered. There are accumulating data that some of these new pathogens are responsible for a substantial proportion of respiratory tract diseases, particularly in children. This review will focus on several of these newly identified pathogens for which there are clinical data implicating a role of these viruses in respiratory tract disease specifically, human metapneumovirus, human coronaviruses NL63 and HKU1, and the human bocavirus. Antivirals and effective vaccines for these new agents may decrease the burden of respiratory tract diseases.
A deep-learning model-based and data-driven hybrid architecture for image annotation

Does adding more training data always help improve the effectiveness of a machine-learning or pattern-recognition task? Recent evidences in machine translation and speech recognition seem to suggest that the data-driven approach outperforms the traditional model-based approach. Instead of carefully modeling rules and their exceptions, the data-driven approach relies on identifying similar patterns in massive datasets and then uses the similar patterns to predict the labels (or other outcomes) of unseen instances. In this work, we compare representative data-driven and model-based schemes on an image annotation task. We enumerate pros and cons of these two approaches, and propose a hybrid approach, which can harness the strengths of the two.
Compact modeling of quantum effects in symmetric double-gate MOSFETs

Quantum effects have been incorporated in the analytic potential model for double-gate MOSFETs. From extensive solutions to the coupled Schrodinger and Poisson equations, threshold voltage shift and inversion layer capacitance are extracted as closed form functions of silicon thickness and inversion charge density. With these modifications, the compact model is shown to reproduce C-V and I-V curves of double-gate MOSFETs consistent with those obtained from those measured from experimental FinFET hardware.
Adipocytes Promote B16BL6 Melanoma Cell Invasion and the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition

Metastatic melanoma is one of the most deadly and evasive types of cancer. On average, cancer patients with metastatic melanoma survive only 6–9 months after diagnosis. Epidemiological and animal studies suggest that obesity increases the metastatic ability of malignant melanoma, though the mechanism is not known. In the present studies, we assessed the ability of 3T3L1 adipocytes to modulate B16BL6 melanoma cell invasion and the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). For this purpose, we induced the differentiation of 3T3L1 fibroblasts to adipocytes. Then, we collected the cell culture media from both fibroblasts and adipocytes and determined their effect on the invasive ability and EMT gene expression of B16BL6 melanoma cells. Results show that adipocyte media increased that ability of B16BL6 cells to invade. The higher invasive ability of B16BL6 melanoma cells was associated with increased expression of EMT genes such as Snai1, MMP9, Twist, and Vimentin. Additionally, the expression of the cell-to-cell adhesion protein E-cadherin and the metastasis suppressor gene Kiss1 were down-regulated in these B16BL6 cells. Also, adipocytes had high levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin 6 (IL-6). Treatment of B16BL6 cells with IL-6 elicited similar effects as the adipocyte media; IL-6 promoted the invasive ability of B16BL6 melanoma cells, increased the expression of Snai1, and decreased Kiss1 expression. IL-6 neutralization, however, did not have a visible effect on adipocyte media-induced invasion and snai1 staining. In summary, adipocytes may increase the invasive ability of B16BL6 melanoma cells by promoting EMT and decreasing the expression of genes such as E-cadherin and Kiss1.
Composting, part 2: practice

For pt. 1 see ibid., 1994. The author discusses the practice of image composting and in particular the Porter-Duff "over" operator. In part 1 we derived the operator for compositing a foreground pixel F "over" a background pixel B as: B(1-F/spl alpha/)+F, where each pixel is a vector with four components: red, green, blue, and alpha (the coverage or opacity amount), and standard vector algebra applies. I've found it most useful to provide "over" as an inplace operator; you have an image stored in a frame buffer and want to lay another image on top of it. In other words, the result of "F over B" replaces B. Pixel representation, conversions, pixel arithmetic, 16-bit over 8-bit, 8-bit over 8-bit, and other 8-bit possibilities are discussed. >
Model for the Effect of Fiber Bridging on the Fracture Resistance of Reinforced-Carbon-Carbon

A micromechanical methodology has been developed for analyzing fiber bridging and resistance-curve behavior in reinforced-carbon-carbon (RCC) panels with a three-dimensional (3D) composite architecture and a silicon carbide (SiC) surface coating. The methodology involves treating fiber bridging traction on the crack surfaces in terms of a weight function approach and a bridging law that relates the bridging stress to the crack opening displacement. A procedure has been developed to deduce material constants in the bridging law from the linear portion of the K-resistance curve. This report contains information on the application of procedures and outcomes.
Comparison of biochemical properties of liver arginase from streptozocin-induced diabetic and control mice.

Abstract Arginase activity is elevated in livers of diabetic animals compared to controls and there is evidence that this is due in part to increased specific activity (activity/mg arginase protein). To investigate the molecular basis of this increased activity, the physicochemical and kinetic properties of hepatic arginase from diabetic and control mice were compared. Two types of arginase subunits with molecular weights of 35,000 and 38,000 were found in both the diabetic and control animals and the subunits in these animals had similar, multiple ionic forms. Kinetic parameters of purified preparations of arginase for arginine (apparent K m and V max values) and the thermal stability of these preparations from diabetics and controls were also similar. Furthermore, no difference was found in the distribution of arginase activity among different subcellular liver fractions. Separation of basic and acidic oligomeric forms of arginase by fast-protein liquid chromatography resulted in a slightly different distribution of activity among the forms in the normal and diabetic group. The apparent K m values for Mn 2+ of the basic form of the enzyme were 25 and 33 μ m for the enzyme from normal and diabetic animals, respectively; for acidic forms, for which two apparent K m values were measured, the values were 8 and 197 μ m for arginase from controls and 35 and 537 μ m from diabetics. These results indicate that in diabetes, while no marked changes in the physicochemical characteristics of arginase are obvious, some changes are found in the interaction of arginase with its cofactor Mn.
Management of Epstein–Barr Virus‐induced Post‐transplant Lymphoproliferative Disease in Recipients of Solid Organ Transplantation

The optimal management of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced post-transplant lymphoproliferative diseases (PTLD) remains controversial. While withdrawal or reduction of immunosuppression is widely accepted as the strategy for the treatment of EBV/PTLD, the role of additional therapeutic interventions remains less clear. Newer strategies, including anti-B-cell monoclonal antibodies and adoptive immunotherapy offer the promise of impaired efficacy and outcome against EBV disease, but lack data demonstrating how and when to use these approaches. The current review provides an overview of potential strategies and presents guidelines for the management of EBV/PTLD in solid-organ transplant recipients.
Integrating Research, Policy, and Practice in Juvenile Justice Education

This article provides an overview of the history and context leading to Florida's efforts to implement an evaluation-driven research and associated quality assurance system for its juvenile justice education policies and practices. The Juvenile Justice Educational Enhancement Program began implementing Florida's evaluation research and quality assurance system to juvenile justice education in 1998. The article includes a brief summary of articles comprising this special issue of Evaluation Review that address the Juvenile Justice Educational Enhancement Program's various functions, methodological components, data, preliminary findings, continuing evaluation research efforts, and impediments.
Broadband terahertz modulation through reconfigurable meta-surfaces with diamagnetic switching capability

We present high-performance terahertz intensity modulators based on a new class of reconfigurable meta-surfaces that offer extreme diamagnetic switching capability over a broad frequency band. We experimentally demonstrate record high modulation depths (> 70%) and modulation bandwidths (> 1.5 THz) through a fully integrated platform at room temperature.
P-component of amyloid: Amino-terminal sequence

Abstract A homogeneous preparation of P-component has been isolated from human splenic amyloid. Twenty-three residues of the amino-terminal sequence of this unique protein have been determined. The sequence is not that of an immunoglobulin and does not correspond to the sequence of any previously reported protein.
Beam stacking in the Harwell synchrocyclotron

Abstract Measurements have been made of the energy displacements given to a coasting proton bunch in the cyclotron by r.f. buckets accelerated past the orbital frequency of the protons. The results are in agreement with theoretical predictions, and illustrate a limitation to the circulating current which can be built up in a beam-stacking accelerator.
Discovering highly reliable subgraphs in uncertain graphs

In this paper, we investigate the highly reliable subgraph problem, which arises in the context of uncertain graphs. This problem attempts to identify all induced subgraphs for which the probability of connectivity being maintained under uncertainty is higher than a given threshold. This problem arises in a wide range of network applications, such as protein-complex discovery, network routing, and social network analysis. Since exact discovery may be computationally intractable, we introduce a novel sampling scheme which enables approximate discovery of highly reliable subgraphs with high probability. Furthermore, we transform the core mining task into a new frequent cohesive set problem in deterministic graphs. Such transformation enables the development of an efficient two-stage approach which combines novel peeling techniques for maximal set discovery with depth-first search for further enumeration. We demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithms on real and synthetic data sets.