cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Collective Turnover at the Group, Unit, and Organizational Levels: Evidence, Issues, and Implications

Studies of the causes and consequences of turnover at the group, unit, or organizational level of analysis have proliferated in recent years. Indicative of its importance, turnover rate research spans numerous academic disciplines and their respective journals. This broad interest is fueled by the considerable implications of turnover rates predicting broader measures of organizational effectiveness (productivity, customer outcomes, firm performance) as well as by the related perspective that collective turnover is an important outcome in its own right. The goal of this review is to critically examine and extract meaningful insights from research on the causes and consequences of group, unit, and organizational turnover. The review is organized around five major “considerations,” including (1) measurement and levels of analysis issues, (2) consequences, (3) curvilinear and interaction effects, (4) methodological and conceptual issues, and (5) antecedents. The review concludes with broad directions for fut...
A 2- $\mu$ m BiCMOS Rectifier-Free AC–DC Piezoelectric Energy Harvester-Charger IC

A fundamental problem that miniaturized systems, such as biomedical implants, face is limited space for storing energy, which translates to short operational life. Harvesting energy from the surrounding environment, which is virtually a boundless source at these scales, can overcome this restriction, if losses in the system are sufficiently low. To that end, the 2-μm bi-complementary metal-oxide semiconductor switched-inductor piezoelectric harvester prototype evaluated and presented in this paper eliminates the restrictions associated with a rectifier to produce and channel 30 μW from a periodic 72- μW piezoelectric source into a battery directly. In doing so, the circuit also increases the system's electrical damping force to draw more power and energy from the transducer, effectively increasing its mechanical-electrical efficiency by up to 78%. The system also harnesses up to 659 nJ from nonperiodic mechanical vibrations, which are more prevalent in the environment, with 6.1±1.5% to 8.8±6.9% of end-to-end mechanical-electrical efficiency.
Growth in Service Sector Employment and MSA Gender Earnings Inequality: 1970–1980

This study tests contradictory hypotheses regarding the implications of service sector growth in post-industrial societies on gender stratification. Panel analyses of 1970 and 1980 U.S. census datafrom the largest 124 MSAs reveal that increasing employment in service industries reduces the gender gap in median earnings net of changes in human capital and community variables. Findings also support the "deindustrialization thesis" in that service sector growth is economically detrimental to both sexes. However, men's earnings deteriorate at a faster rate than women's earnings resulting in greater similarity between male andfemale earnings. The results imply that men in metropolitan labor markets experiencing greater employment in service industries suffer lower earnings because of dwindling high-wage blue-collar jobs. A larger male service sector component also reduces occupational sex segregation, thus helping to equalize the earnings of men and women. In recent years there has been increasing concern among sociologists and economists regarding the implications of industrial restructuring in the United States for processes of gender stratification. As greater proportions of employees work in industries providing services to organizations and individuals, rather than in the immediate production of tangible goods, the question arises as to how increased service sector employment will affect the relative rewards accruing to men and women in the labor force. Thus far there is no consensus as to whether expanding employment in service industries will increase, maintain, or decrease social and economic rewards between the sexes. The present paper explicates the various positions and assumptions underlying recent speculation and empirical findings on this topic. After discussing shortcomings of the available literature, quantitative analyses directly assess the impact of service sector employment on relative gender earnings.1 *This is a revised version of a paper presented at the 1988 meetings of the American Sociological Association. The suggestions of Janet Saltzman Chafetz, Anthony Gary Dworkin, Paula England, William Form, Jennifer Glass, anonymous reviewers, and the comments of many individuals who have heard various versions of the paper are gratefully acknowledged. The Department of Sociology, the Center for Public Policy, and the Computer Center of the University of Houston provided partial support for this research. Direct correspondence to the author at the Department of Sociology -PGH 3474, University ofHouston, Houston TX 77204. i The University of North Carolina Press Social Forces, March 1991, 69(3):763-783 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.132 on Thu, 15 Sep 2016 04:44:37 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 764 / Social Forces 69:3, March 1991
Comparison of energy production and performance from flat-plate photovoltaic module technologies deployed at fixed tilt

Performance data for 14 photovoltaic modules deployed at fixed latitude tilt in the field are presented and compared. Module performance is monitored continuously for optimum power characteristics. Flat-plate module technologies representative of crystalline, amorphous, and polycrystalline silicon, and cadmium telluride and copper indium diselenide, are scrutinized for energy production, effective efficiency and performance ratio (PR)-ratio of effective to reference efficiency. Most performance ratios exhibit seasonal fluctuations largely correlated to air or module temperatures, varying between 80% and 100%. These ratios tend toward larger values during winter and vise versa, except for amorphous silicon and cadmium telluride modules. In a-Si modules, the situation appears reversed: better PRs are obtained during late summer. The effective efficiency, PR, and average daily and yearly energy production are analyzed and quantified.
Correction-to-scaling exponent for two-dimensional percolation

We show that the correction-to-scaling exponents in two-dimensional percolation are bounded by Ω ≤ 72/91, ω = DΩ ≤ 3/2, and Δ₁ = νω ≤ 2, based upon Cardy's result for the crossing probability on an annulus. The upper bounds are consistent with many previous measurements of site percolation on square and triangular lattices and new measurements for bond percolation, suggesting that they are exact. They also agree with exponents for hulls proposed recently by Aharony and Asikainen, based upon results of den Nijs. A corrections scaling form evidently applicable to site percolation is also found.
Life Cycle Assessment, ExternE and Comprehensive Analysis for an integrated evaluation of the environmental impact of anthropogenic activities

Abstract The implementation of resource management strategies aimed at reducing the impacts of the anthropogenic activities system requires a comprehensive approach to evaluate on the whole the environmental burdens of productive processes and to identify the best recovery strategies from both an environmental and an economic point of view. In this framework, an analytical methodology based on the integration of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), ExternE and Comprehensive Analysis was developed to perform an in-depth investigation of energy systems. The LCA methodology, largely utilised by the international scientific community for the assessment of the environmental performances of technologies, combined with Comprehensive Analysis allows modelling the overall system of anthropogenic activities, as well as sub-systems, the economic consequences of the whole set of environmental damages. Moreover, internalising external costs into partial equilibrium models, as those utilised by Comprehensive Analysis, can be useful to identify the best paths for implementing technology innovation and strategies aimed to a more sustainable energy supply and use. This paper presents an integrated application of these three methodologies to a local scale case study (the Val D’Agri area in Basilicata, Southern Italy), aimed to better characterise the environmental impacts of the energy system, with particular reference to extraction activities. The innovative methodological approach utilised takes advantage from the strength points of each methodology with an added value coming from their integration as emphasised by the main results obtained by the scenario analysis.
What evidence would prove the amyloid hypothesis? Towards rational drug treatments for Alzheimer's disease.

Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa FL33612-4799, USAAs one of us (DM) listened intently to the debatespresented at the meeting on Challenging Views ofAlzheimer’s Disease, I was struck by the strong desireby some in attendance to ﬁnd fault with the amyloidhypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Argumentswere presented in multiple discussions leading to theconclusion that the relationship between amyloid andAD was so tenuous that we should not even waste timedeveloping drugs directed at reducing amyloid.What was most surprising was the level of proof towhich the amyloid hypothesis was being held by thoseattempting to refute it. I was left with the impressionthat if every symptomin every patient regardless of pa-tient age, gender, state of disease progression or con-current disorders, did not correlate linearly with theamyloid burden, then the assumption was the amyloidhypothesis must be false. For example, some patientsdie with brains loaded with enough amyloid to reachthe criterion for AD, yet they are cognitively ﬁt as ﬁd-dles. Alternatively,patientsdie withfull blowndemen-tia, diagnosed as AD, yet they have little or no amyloidpathology.The animal models are argued to be failures becausenot all aspects of the AD phenotypeare manifest. Theyhavebrainsﬁlledwithamyloid,yetthereislittleneuronloss or tangle formation. Thus, the amyloid hypothe-sis must be wrong or the mice should recapitulate the
Uteroplacental insufficiency induces site-specific changes in histone H3 covalent modifications and affects DNA-histone H3 positioning in day 0 IUGR rat liver

Uteroplacental insufficiency and subsequent intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) increase the risk of adult onset insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in humans and rats. IUGR rats are further cha...
Holographic Interferometry Investigation of Enhanced Tube Meniscus Behavior

Transport phenomena associated with the heating of stationary saturated fluid approximately one degree above saturation by an inclined partially submerged copper plate were studied using laser holographic interferometry. Interpretation of the hologram yielded the general characteristics of the meniscus region where the combined influence of natural convection, conduction, and surface tension gradients are important. Water and tri-chloro-fluoro-methane (Freon-11) were used as the working fluids.
The Shift from Character to Personality in Mainline Protestant Thought, 1935–1945

“Growth is as essential in human personality as it is in a stalk of corn,” wrote the pastor of First Community Church, Columbus, Ohio, in 1935. His remark typified the changes underway in mainline American Protestantism as it digested empiricist theology, Christian realism, psychoanalysis, and world events from the mid-1930s to the mid-1940s. In those years the terms of discourse about what it takes to make a strong democracy gradually shifted from “character”—the traits, attitudes, or behaviors of an individual that publicly express private conviction—to “personality”—the inner, psychodynamic organization of an individual that expresses itself socially in relation to God and other people. Prominent religious educators debated it; pastoral counselors put it into practice. Popularization of psychotherapy in the denominational presses brought the language of “personality” and the psychological dimension of human existence into the lexicon of the mainline churches by the end of World War II. Earlier in the century in the face of mass immigration America's churches had extolled the merits of “character” and “character education” as the chief way for mediating private conviction and public action that would preserve democracy, but in the late 1930s they sounded this theme in the new key of personality: promoting the inner growth and freedom of each individual would safeguard America from moral decay and totalitarian regimes.
Bacterial, Fungal, Parasitic, and Viral Myositis

Infectious myositis may be caused by a broad range of bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral agents. Infectious myositis is overall uncommon given the relative resistance of the musculature to infection. For example, inciting events, including trauma, surgery, or the presence of foreign bodies or devitalized tissue, are often present in cases of bacterial myositis. Bacterial causes are categorized by clinical presentation, anatomic location, and causative organisms into the categories of pyomyositis, psoas abscess, Staphylococcus aureus myositis, group A streptococcal necrotizing myositis, group B streptococcal myositis, clostridial gas gangrene, and nonclostridial myositis. Fungal myositis is rare and usually occurs among immunocompromised hosts. Parasitic myositis is most commonly a result of trichinosis or cystericercosis, but other protozoa or helminths may be involved. A parasitic cause of myositis is suggested by the travel history and presence of eosinophilia. Viruses may cause diffuse muscle involvement with clinical manifestations, such as benign acute myositis (most commonly due to influenza virus), pleurodynia (coxsackievirus B), acute rhabdomyolysis, or an immune-mediated polymyositis. The diagnosis of myositis is suggested by the clinical picture and radiologic imaging, and the etiologic agent is confirmed by microbiologic or serologic testing. Therapy is based on the clinical presentation and the underlying pathogen.
Association between elder self-neglect and hospice utilization in a community population

Elder self-neglect is associated with substantial 1-year mortality. However, hospice utilization among those with self-neglect remain unclear. The objective of this study is to quantify the prospective relation between self-neglect and risk for hospice utilization in a community population of older adults. Prospective population-based study in a geographically defined community in Chicago of older adults who participated in the Chicago Health and Aging Project. Of the 8669 participants in the Chicago Health and Aging Project, a subset of 1438 participants was reported to social services agency for suspected elder self-neglect. Outcome of interest was the hospice utilization obtained from the Center for Medicare and Medicaid System. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess independent association of self-neglect with risk of hospice utilization using time-varying covariate analyses. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, elders who self-neglect was associated with increased risk for hospice utilization (HR, 2.43, 95% CI, 2.10-2.81). Greater self-neglect severity (mild: (HR, 2.12 (1.61-2.79); moderate: (HR, 2.36 (1.95-2.84); severe: (HR, 4.66 (2.98-7.30)) were associated with increased risk for hospice utilization. Interaction term analyses suggest that the significant relationship between self-neglect and hospice utilization was not mediated through medical conditions, cognitive impairment and physical disability. Moreover, self-neglect was associated with shorter length of stay in hospice (PE, -0.27, SE, 0.12, p<0.02) and shorter time from hospice admission to death (PE, -0.32, SE, 0.13, p<0.01). Elder self-neglect was associated with increased risk of hospice use in this community population. Elder self-neglect is associated with shorter length of stay in hospice care and shorter time from hospice admission to death.
Mechanisms of neural cell death: Implications for development of neuroprotective treatment strategies

It has been increasingly recognized that cell death phenotypes and their molecular mechanisms are highly diverse. Necrosis is no longer considered a single entity, passively mediated by energy failure. Moreover, caspase-dependent apoptosis is not the only pathway involved in programmed cell death or even the only apoptotic mechanism. Recent experimental work emphasizes the diverse and interrelated nature of cell death mechanisms. Thus, there are both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent forms of apoptosis, which may differ morphologically as well as mechanistically. There are also necrotic-like phenotypes that requirede novo protein synthesis and are, therefore, forms of programmed cell death. In addition, forms of cell death showing certain morphological features of both necrosis and apoptosis have been identified, leading to the term aponecrosis. Considerable experimental evidence also shows that modulation of one form of cell death may lead to another. Together, these observations underscore the need to substantially revise our conceptions about neuroprotection strategies. Use of multiple treatments that target different cell death cascades, or single agents that moderate multiple cell death pathways, is likely to lead to more effective neuroprotection for clinical disorders.
A Study of Language-Action Perspective as a Theoretical Framework for Web Services

This dissertation contributes to the services science discipline by examining appropriateness of Language- Action Perspective (LAP) as a theoretical framework for web services, the technology component of services science. This research consists of three inter-dependent studies. The first study (completed) investigates whether LAP constructs can describe and explain the web services architecture. Findings from this study indicate that there is a lack of mechanisms to generate conversation specifications that guide interactions among services. Conversation specifications are crucial for developing large-scaled enterprise integration solutions using web services. The second study (work-in-progress) builds on this finding and demonstrates the appropriateness of LAP constructs to access design knowledge to develop web service solutions for enterprise integration. The third study (work-in-progress) evaluates the usefulness of LAP constructs to develop effective web service solutions (artifact developed in the second study).
Agent Communication Language

In the world of artificial intelligence, an agent needs to have a representation model to represent itself and its view of the world. A representation model includes ontologies, which are vocabularies and taxonomy that define the basic terms and relationships in a given domain, and a content language to represent these terms and relationships. For instance, in the domain of wireless communications, agents need to have vocabularies to represent various components (e.g. equalizer, antenna, etc.); processing (e.g. sampling, coding/decoding, frequency spreading, etc.) and goals of actions (e.g. maximizing throughput or minimizing interference). Given such a representation model, agents also need a communication model to capture the communications and flow of knowledge exchange within the agent community. A communication model requires a set of language primitives that can be used to implement the model. An Agent Communication Language (ACL) is commonly known as a language that provides a set of language primitives to implement the agent communication model. ACLs are only used to construct the message wrapper and not concern about the choice of the content language and the ontology model (Vasudevan 1998).
Soy Protein Isolate Reduces Liver Cholesterol and Lipids in Ovariectomized Rats

Soy is a rich source of isoflavones which are reported to have cardioprotective effects in humans and animal models. Isoflavones are structurally similar to 17β-estradiol (E2) and can therefore bin...
How Language Began: INTRODUCTION – GESTURE AND THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE

It's like seeing someone's thought. – Mitsuko Iriye, historian, on learning to code gestures (in the 1980s) The origin of language The origin of language, a prodigal topic, has recently returned to respectability after a long exile. Discoveries in linguistics, brain science, primate studies, children's development, and elsewhere have inspired new interest after the infamous nineteenth-century ban (actually, bans) on the topic – both the Societe de Linguistique de Paris in 1865 and the Philological Society of London in 1873 prohibiting all contributions on the topic (London promising that any such would be tossed directly into the wastebasket; all of this described in Kendon 1991). The topic can be approached from many angles. Most common seems to be the comparative – differences and resemblances between humans and other primates. A related approach is to consider the brain mechanisms underlying communicative vocalizations and/or gesture. These have been recorded directly in some primate species and can be compared to humans on performance measures thought to depend on similar brain mechanisms. Or a linguistic angle – the key features of human language and whether anything can be said of how they came to be and whether other animal species show plausible counterparts. Approaches are combined in comparing human language to vocalizations, gestures, and/or the instructed sign language use of, say, orangutans or chimps. I will take a third approach, gestures, which also has its devotees, but I shall diverge from other approaches in crucial ways. I am not endorsing a popular current theory, appearing over and over in a veritable avalanche of recent books – what I dub “gesture-first.” Despite the theory's name, the primatologist, neuroscientist, developmental psychologist, anthropologist, sign-language linguist, regular linguist, computer scientist, etc. proponents of gesture-first seemingly lack any serious acquaintance with gesture other than (it appears) its folk culture portrayals (so they do not recognize a key point of this book: that language is misconstrued if it is not seen as a unity of language and gesture).
A Low-Cost Wi-Fi-Based Solution for Measuring Human Queues

Creating devices or systems that can leverage computationally rich environments to support day-to-day interactions between humans and computers is the goal of mobile computing and communication. The increasing use of mobile devices and their data-intensive apps has generated extensive opportunities to monitor and optimize real-world processes through network traffic and corresponding characteristics. For example, research has already shown that we can use cellular call data records and signal traces to understand patterns of large-scale transportation [1] and the level of congestion on roadways [2], respectively. Likewise, ubiquitous wireless infrastructures (e.g., Wi-Fi and Bluetooth) not only provide convenience in communication, but also enable novel applications, such as indoor localization and user authentication. In addition, we have found that the strength of wireless signals from the Wi-Fi traffic consumed by mobile devices can be utilized to perform fine-grained monitoring on a daily common process, i.e., human queues.
Corpus Callosum in Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome

Investigators at the Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; and the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, studied the relation between the size of the corpus callosum (CC), level of serum 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC), and severity of developmental delay in 36 subjects with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS), compared to 36 normal controls.
Product channels in the 193-nm photodissociation of HCNO (fulminic acid)

Abstract IR diode laser spectroscopy was used to detect the products of HCNO (fulminic acid) photolysis at 193 nm. Six product channels are energetically possible at this photolysis wavelength: O + HCN, H + NCO/CNO, CN + OH, CO + NH, NO + CH and HNCO. In some experiments, isotopically labeled 15 N 18 O, C 2 D 6 or C 6 H 12 reagents were included into the photolysis mixture in order to suppress and/or redirect possible secondary reactions. HCN, OC 18 O, 15 N 15 NO, CO, DCN and HNCO molecules were detected upon laser photolysis of HCNO/reagents/buffer gas mixtures. Analysis of the yields of product molecules leads to the following photolysis quantum yields: ϕ 1a (O + HCN) = 0.38 ± 0.04, ϕ 1b (H + (NCO)) = 0.07 ± 0.02, ϕ 1c (CN + OH) = 0.24 ± 0.03, ϕ 1d (CO + NH(a 1 Δ)) ϕ 1e (HNCO) = 0.02 ± 0.01 and ϕ 1f (CH + NO) = 0.21 ± 0.1, respectively.
The importance of criticality in the safety analysis of the spent-fuel waste container

The storage of high-level spent reactor fuel in a proposed national geologic repository will require the construction of containers to be placed in boreholes drilled into the host rock. Federal regulations require that the fuel be maintained subcritical under normal or accident conditions. This is determined through the calculation of a neutron multiplication factor, k{sub eff}, that must remain below 0.95. Criticality will play an important role in the container design, the internal configuration of the fuel, and the selection of neutron poisons. An analysis of k{sub eff} should be a normal step in the conceptualization of new waste container designs. Unlike thermal effects in a proposed repository, criticality will remain a problem long after the 10,000 year lifetime of the facility. In this study, nuclear criticality has been determined for the proposed spent fuel container in various situations that include varying fuel enrichment and partial air gap flooding. Results will be presented to demonstrate the impact of these variables on the design of a safe spent fuel container.
On Probabilistic Space-Bounded Machines with Multiple Access to Random Tape

We investigate probabilistic space-bounded Turing machines that are allowed to make multiple passes over the random tape. As our main contribution, we establish a connection between derandomization of such probabilistic space-bounded classes to the derandomization of probabilistic time-bounded classes. Our main result is the following.
The National Sheep Improvement Program: a review.

A nationally organized sheep improvement program for sheep producers in the United States was implemented in 1987 under the name of the National Sheep Improvement Program (NSIP). This program completed a 3-yr Phase I project on February 16, 1990, that involved the definition of a uniform set of performance guidelines, development of an NSIP records processing center with associated performance recording materials and computer software, and the enrollment of both purebred and commercial flocks. Organizers of the NSIP have defined 12 traits of economic importance to the U.S. sheep industry for genetic evaluation: number of lambs born, total ewe productivity, six growth traits, and four wool traits. Genetic evaluations are currently being conducted on a within-flock basis and will move to an across-flock, within-breed basis when sufficient genetic ties between flocks are established. The genetic evaluations use BLUP procedures and provide genetic merit values in the form of expected progeny differences for every animal in a flock.
Morphokinetics of embryos—where are we now?:

Conventional embryo selection by morphological evaluation is still related to relatively low implantation and live birth rates. To resolutely take up this challenge, noninvasive and invasive methods of embryo selection are still debated regarding their improvement on in vitro fertilization (IVF) success rates. Within the past few years, combining morphology with kinetics has inspired a new field named “morphokinetics,” which enabled a new way of evaluating and selecting embryos by continuous surveillance. Many studies have tried to connect more or less conclusively embryo development, timing of the mitotic divisions, embryo viability, and implantation. The aim of this review is to summarize the current understanding of time-lapse monitoring in the IVF laboratory and to discuss the evidence regarding morphokinetics as a predictive method for blastocyst formation, aneuploidy detection, and implantation potential.
2D Numerical Modeling of Pipeline Structures with Non-Axisymmetric Loads and Spectral Elements for Identifying Reliable Sensor Spacing

The stable leak detection in gas pipelines using a continuous monitoring system can be used as an early diagnostic tool to prevent catastrophic failures. Acoustic Emission (AE) method has advantages among other Structural Health Monitoring systems through detecting leaks in real time with long range sensors as well as locating leak positions as multi-dimensional space while sensor spacing is a key to detect the target leak rate reliably. The leak amplitude depending on the pipe condition (e.g. internal pressure, buried or on ground, leak rate) and the attenuation curves are needed to define the reliable AE sensor spacing. In this paper, the attenuation profiles of various dimensions (thickness and diameter) pipelines and frequencies are obtained through efficient 2D finite element modeling. The attenuation profiles obtained from numerical studies are combined with the laboratory scale pipe testing that simulates a range of leak rates and pipe conditions. The classical finite element method along with Fourier expansion and superposition technique is studied in literature in order to analyze axisymmetric solids subjected to non-axisymmetric dynamic loading. The superposition method conjoint with traditional formulation is not beneficial as compared to three-dimensional analyses when the Fourier expansion requires many harmonics to represent the non-axisymmetric load, which occurs in case of concentrated load (i.e. leak). This paper presents an efficient formulation of axisymmetric pipelines with non-axisymmetric loading, specifically concentrated load representing leak in pipelines, using the spectral element method which is a special form of finite element based on the nodal coordinates of Lagrange shape functions obtained from the solutions of the orthogonal polynomials such as Legendre, Chebyshev. The algorithm using spectral element method is developed to model a 2D axisymmetric metal pipe. An efficient mathematical approach for the calculation of stiffness matrix in the case of ring element with rectangular cross section is developed in order to minimize the computational time for each harmonic of tangential Fourier expansion and corresponding deformation field. The paper provides the AE sensor spacing needed for the target leak rates for a range of pipe dimensions and wave frequencies, which can be utilized to define the sensor spacing for a particular pipeline and sensor frequency.
Mitochondrial anchors: Positioning mitochondria and more

The shape and position of mitochondria are intimately connected to both mitochondrial and cellular function. Mitochondrial anchors play a central role in mitochondrial positioning by exerting spatial, temporal, and contextual control over the cellular position of the organelle. Investigations into the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial anchoring are still in the early stages, and we are beginning to appreciate the number and variety of anchors that exist. From the insight gained thus far, it is clear that mitochondrial anchoring has functional and physiological consequences that extend beyond mitochondrial positioning to other critical cellular processes.
Guerres et conflits au Sahara-Sahel

Le Sahel et le Sahara sont confrontes a une instabilite politique exceptionnelle melant rebellions, insurrections jihadistes, coups d’Etat, mouvements contestataires et trafics illicites. Cette combinaison de violences s’exprime aujourd’hui dans un environnement securitaire mondialise, qui brouille les distinctions habituelles entre le local et le global, le militaire et le civil, la sphere domestique et la sphere internationale, la politique et l’identite. L’objectif de cette note est d’analyser ces dynamiques de violence. La premiere section decrit la distribution geographique et l’evolution temporelle des principaux foyers de violence d’Afrique du Nord et de l’Ouest. Elle discute ensuite les evenements a l’origine de l’intensification de la violence politique au Sahel et au Sahara.La seconde section analyse ces dynamiques de violence, en s’attardant sur les echelles geographiques et les strategies des belligerants. La note souligne en conclusion la necessite de renforcer la cooperation regionale, restaurer la legitimite des Etats et etablir des solutions de gouvernance inclusives dans les zones de conflit.
Number Sense on the Number Line

A strong foundation in early number concepts is critical for students’ future success in mathematics. Research suggests that visual representations, like a number line, support students’ developmen...
Who Provides Phishing Training?: Facts, Stories, and People Like Me

Humans represent one of the most persistent vulnerabilities in many computing systems. Since human users are independent agents who make their own choices, closing these vulnerabilities means persuading users to make different choices. Focusing on one specific human choice -- clicking on a link in a phishing email -- we conducted an experiment to identify better ways to train users to make more secure decisions. We compared traditional facts-and-advice training against training that uses a simple story to convey the same lessons. We found a surprising interaction effect: facts-and-advice training works better than not training users, but only when presented by a security expert. Stories don't work quite as well as facts-and-advice, but work much better when told by a peer. This suggests that the perceived origin of training materials can have a surprisingly large effect on security outcomes.
Collaborative Practices in Information Systems Development: A Collective Reflection-in-Action Framework

Abstract With the growth of consumer-faced information systems (IS) applications, IS designers are increasingly movingfrom seeing their work as ﬁcapturing and automating requirementsﬂ to seeing it as ﬁinnovation in productdevelopment.ﬂ The new metaphor engenders organizational practices targeted at fostering innovation. Onesuch practice is the creation of professionally and organizationally diverse development teams with the goalof creatively combining individual competencies in the resultant product. This paper draws on the longitudinalfield study of such a team in order to build a practice-based framework for understanding collaboration on ISdevelopment (ISD) projects. The framework depicts ISD as a collective reflection-in-action process thatincreasingly defines the product. The IS product is the result of participants iteratively challenging each otheror following what has been already established on the project. Which action is taken is shaped by the statusrelations among professionally and organizationally diverse actors.
The effect of substituted benzolactam GH secretagogue, L-692,585 on central regulation of GH secretion in swine

This dissertation describes the central regulation of GH secretion and mechanism of action of a substituted benzolactam GH secretagogue, L-692,585 (585), in male Yorkshire pig. The first study describes the central regulation of GH secretion by the GH-secretagogue, 585 with intracerebroventricular (icv) stainless steel cannulas placed by stereotaxic coordinates. Dose-dependent effects of 585 were determined by icv injections of saline vehicle, 3, 10, 30 |j.g/kg BW by a once daily increment. A switchback study of iv and icv 585 treatment was also performed to determine central and peripheral regulation of GH secretion by the GH secretagogue. The second study investigated the possible involvement of neuropeptides in GH secretion by using Yorkshire barrows with icv and iv cannulas. We administered somatostatin, neuropeptide Y and galanin with or without the nonpeptidyl GH secretagogue, 585 in the pig. The results indicate the possible involvement of SRIH, GAL and NPY in the central regulation of GH secretagogue-stimulated GH response. The third study tells the dose dependent effect of central urocortin on GH release. Three doses of urocortin [0.01, 0.03, 0.01 mg/kg BW] and saline vehicle administered via icv cannula. The results indicate the possible involvement of urocortin in GH release.
Sub-diffusive dynamics lead to depleted particle densities near cellular borders

It has long been known that the complex cellular environment leads to anomalous motion of intracellular particles. At a gross level, this is characterized by mean squared displacements that deviate from the standard linear profile. Statistical analysis of particle trajectories has helped further elucidate how different characteristics of the cellular environment can introduce different types of anomalousness. A significant majority of this literature has however focused on characterizing the properties of trajectories that do not interact with cell borders (e.g. cell membrane or nucleus). Numerous biological processes ranging from protein activation to exocytosis however require particles to be near a membrane. This study investigates the consequences of a canonical type of sub-diffusive motion, Fractional Brownian Motion (FBM), and its physical analogue Generalized Langevin Equation (GLE) Dynamics, on the spatial localization of particles near reflecting boundaries. Results show that this type of sub-diffusive motion leads to the formation of significant zones of depleted particle density near boundaries, and that this effect is independent of the specific model details encoding those dynamics. Rather these depletion layers are a natural and robust consequence of the anti-correlated nature of motion increments that is at the core of FBM / GLE dynamics. If such depletion zones are present, it would be of profound importance given the wide array of signaling and transport processes that occur near membranes. If not, that would suggest our understanding of this type of anomalous motion may be flawed. Either way, this result points to the need to further investigate the consequences of anomalous particle motions near cell borders from both theoretical and experimental perspectives.
Barack Obama's 2008 Campaign for the U.S. Presidency and Visual Design

This article examines the role that visual design played in efforts to elect Barack Obama president of the United States in 2008. Visual design has been an important factor in many past U.S. presid...
Augmented reality simulation toward improving therapeutic healthcare communication techniques

There is a lack of diversity in the simulations or training, that nursing students get to experience before making their way to a real hospital bedside. There is existing evidence and practical concern for nurses' ability to communicate therapeutically, such as calming and de-escalation techniques, when interacting with a diverse clientele, specifically in the way that they interact with patients. We look at leveraging augmented reality and natural language processing to build on existing simulation labs, giving what is now only a static and uniform simulation mannequin, a face, colors, and most importantly ears and a voice. All for the sake of improved communication and patient satisfaction once this learning is transferred into practice.
Lewis Aron (1952-2019)

With the untimely death on 28 February 2019 of Lewis (“Lew”) Aron, the psychoanalytic world and especially the relational community lost a great luminosity. Even as he struggled with cancer for ove...
“Tina M. Campt’s Listening to Images: a haptic re-engagement with the African-Diasporic archive”

An intervention into photographic archives across the African Diaspora, Tina M. Campt’s Listening to Images multiplies the sensory registers through which we can experience images of black subjects...
Massage as a mechanotherapy promotes skeletal muscle protein and ribosomal turnover but does not mitigate muscle atrophy during disuse in adult rats.

Aim Interventions that decrease atrophy during disuse are desperately needed to maintain muscle mass. We recently found that massage as a mechanotherapy can improve muscle regrowth following disuse atrophy. Therefore, we aimed to determine if massage has similar anabolic effects when applied during normal weight bearing conditions (WB) or during atrophy induced by hindlimb suspension (HS) in adult rats. Methods Adult (10 months) male Fischer344-Brown Norway rats underwent either hindlimb suspension (HS, n = 8) or normal WB (WB, n = 8) for 7 days. Massage was applied using cyclic compressive loading (CCL) in WB (WBM, n = 9) or HS rats (HSM, n = 9) and included four 30-minute bouts of CCL applied to gastrocnemius muscle every other day. Results Massage had no effect on any anabolic parameter measured under WB conditions (WBM). In contrast, massage during HS (HSM) stimulated protein turnover, but did not mitigate muscle atrophy. Atrophy from HS was caused by both lowered protein synthesis and higher degradation. HS and HSM had lowered total RNA compared with WB and this was the result of significantly higher ribosome degradation in HS that was attenuated in HSM, without differences in ribosomal biogenesis. Also, massage increased protein turnover in the non-massaged contralateral limb during HS. Finally, we determined that total RNA degradation primarily dictates loss of muscle ribosomal content during disuse atrophy. Conclusion We conclude that massage is an effective mechanotherapy to impact protein turnover during muscle disuse in both the massaged and non-massaged contralateral muscle, but it does not attenuate the loss of muscle mass.
Creatures Great and Small

“Charismatic megafauna” and keystone species come to mind for many when thinking about mountains, and they will be affected by a rapidly changing climate. This chapter focuses on the wide variation in expected responses of mountain wildlife to climate change, based on size, mobility, and life-history traits. I discuss the concepts of home range, and dispersal and migration, and specifically how these are influenced by the mountain landscape and by intra-specific and inter-specific interactions. I relate the difference between generalists and specialists, with respect to habitat and diet, to the environmental and topographic constraints of mountain landscapes. Key concepts here are habitat quality, connectivity, and refugia. How will these change in a warming climate? I give examples of three types of response of species (1) those affected mainly by climate change, (2) those affected by changes in land use and loss of habitat, and (3) those affected by both. Human actions must be a central part of any projections for wildlife, even in the most rugged mountains of the West.
Pedestrian Collision Avoidance for Autonomous Vehicles at Unsignalized Intersection Using Deep Q-Network.

Prior research has extensively explored Autonomous Vehicle (AV) navigation in the presence of other vehicles, however, navigation among pedestrians, who are the most vulnerable element in urban environments, has been less examined. This paper explores AV navigation in crowded, unsignalized intersections. We compare the performance of different deep reinforcement learning methods trained on our reward function and state representation. The performance of these methods and a standard rule-based approach were evaluated in two ways, first at the unsignalized intersection on which the methods were trained, and secondly at an unknown unsignalized intersection with a different topology. For both scenarios, the rule-based method achieves less than 40\% collision-free episodes, whereas our methods result in a performance of approximately 100\%. Of the three methods used, DDQN/PER outperforms the other two methods while it also shows the smallest average intersection crossing time, the greatest average speed, and the greatest distance from the closest pedestrian.
Lorax: Machine Learning-Based Oracle Reconstruction With Minimal I/O Patterns

This paper proposes a new attack model where the attacker tries to reconstruct a combinational logic circuit without having full oracles access. This means due to limited access time to the product, the attacker has access to only a limited number of input-output (I/O) pairs and does not have any information about the design. The goal of the attacker is to reconstruct a circuit to be deployed with simulation or emulation, in order to act as an efficient surrogate to perform fast attacks.We propose Lorax, the first automated framework to reconstruct circuits from limited access, using tree-based machine learning (ML) models of different configurations. It features early estimation of accuracy of the reconstructed oracle using cross-validation, as well as approximation techniques for efficient synthesis of the learned logic. For cases that are difficult to learn, Lorax applies a special function matching phase utilizing an explanatory analysis of a tree-based ML model to identify bit importance. Our experiments show that with a training set of 6400 I/O pairs, Lorax can successfully approximate commonly-used functions from a range of sources, including arithmetic circuits, industrial designs, and computer vision problems, with an accuracy of 79–84% on average and near 100% for some arithmetic functions.
The impact of emerging Plasmodium knowlesi on accurate diagnosis by light microscopy: a systematic review and modelling analysis

ABSTRACT Background The five Plasmodium spp. that cause human malaria appear similar under light microscopy, which raises the possibility that misdiagnosis could routinely occur in clinical settings. Assessing the extent of misdiagnosis is of particular importance for monitoring P. knowlesi, which co-circulates with the other Plasmodium spp. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing the performance of microscopy and PCR for diagnosing malaria in settings with co-circulation of the five Plasmodium spp. We assessed the extent to which co-circulation of Plasmodium parasites affects diagnostic outcomes. We fit a Bayesian hierarchical latent class model to estimate variation in microscopy sensitivity and specificity. Results Mean sensitivity of microscopy was low, yet highly variable across Plasmodium spp., ranging from 41.7% (95% CI: 22.8 – 64.1%) for P. falciparum and 40.3% (22.0 – 61.5%) for P. vivax to 0.119% (0.0121 – 0.640%) for P. knowlesi, 7.57% (2.66 – 22.0%) for P. malariae, and 0.180% (0.00491 – 1.21%) for P. ovale. Observed PCR prevalence was positively correlated with estimated microscopic sensitivity and negatively correlated with estimated microscopic specificity, though the strength of the associations varied by species. Conclusions Our analysis suggests that co-circulation of Plasmodium spp. undermines the accuracy of microscopy. Sensitivity was considerably lower for P. knowlesi, P. malariae, and P. ovale. The negative association between specificity and PCR prevalence imply that less frequently encountered species may be misdiagnosed as more frequently encountered species. Together, these results suggest that the burden of P. knowlesi, P. malariae, and P. ovale may be underappreciated in a clinical setting. Summary Co-circulation of Plasmodium species parasites may limit the accuracy of malaria diagnosis by light microscopy. Variation in performance of light microscopy is highly correlated with the prevalence of the parasites in the epidemiological setting.
Baysian Updating of Trip Generation Parameters

The use of borrowed models from similar urban areas is one way of reducing the costs associated with conducting full-scale travel surveys. However, in order to tune borrowed models to reflect the local conditions of the study area, these models can be updated using low-cost information (objective or subjective) from the study area. A method based on Bayesian statistics for updating cross-classified household trip generation rates is presented. Some updating techniques are briefly reviewed. Previous applications of Bayesian statistics in the transportation field are also discussed; a methodology for their use to update cross-classified trip rates is presented along with sample application.