cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A High-Fidelity Numerical Study of Kinematics and Airfoil Thickness Effects On the Thrust Generation of Oscillating Airfoils

High-fidelity numerical simulations with the spectral different (SD) method are performed to investigate the flow over a series of oscillating NACA 4-digit airfoils. Kinematic and airfoil thickness effects on the aerodynamic performances are highlighted. It is found that the combined plunging and pitching motion can outperform the pure plunging or pitching motions by sophisticatedly adjusting the airfoil gestures during the oscillation stroke. Also, the leading edge vortices (LEVs) manipulation during the gesture adjustment will vary with the airfoil thickness. The thin airfoil (NACA0006) better manipulates LEVs than the thick airfoil (NACA0030) does in our cases, and there exists an optimal thickness for large thrust generation with reasonable propulsive efficiency. At the same Strouhal number (0.3), the trends of the airfoil thickness effects on the thrust generation and propulsive efficiency are similar for the investigated reduced frequencies, namely 1 and 3.5. For all airfoil thicknesses, relatively low reduced frequency is conducive to the thrust production and propulsive efficiency. As the Strouhal number increases to 0.45, larger thrust can be generated with the same kinematics, but the propulsive efficiency will suffer if the kinematics is not optimal for the chosen aerodynamic parameters.
Changes in laboratory values in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition

Over the past few years, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has become an important component in the treatment of seriously inpatients. The many complications and risks involved have been well documented. It is important to consider the various changes in diagnostic laboratory parameters seen during the course of TPN. Some of these changes are clinically insignificant, others will return to the normal range within days or weeks after discontinuing TPN, and some will remain abnormal after long periods of time—the reasons for which are uncertain. This article reviews the changes in chemistry and hematological values during TPN and their immediate and long-range clinical significance.
A Review of "Sams Teach Yourself HTML, CSS And Javascript All in One, 2nd ed."

For librarians who want to learn front-end Web development (i.e., HyperText Markup Language [HTML], Cascading Style Sheets [CSS], and JavaScript), the number of resources available in print and onl...
Measuring Perceived Justice of Disaster Relief Policy

The perceived justice on public policy is an important dimension of policy evaluation.In this paper,the authors base their study on the literature review and propose a multi-dimensional instrument to measure the perceived justice of disaster relief policy,and accordingly develops a scale.With the scale,data were collected from the Yushu Earthquake area on August,2010.Statistical analysis shows that the proposed scale has 5 dimensions,with satisfactory reliability and validity.The paper also discusses briefly how to understand and use the perceived justice of disaster relief policy,and puts forward directions for future research.
An Investigation of Bacterium-infected Diarrhea Caused by Contaminated Drinking Water

Objective: To investigate the etiology and source of an infectious diarrhea outbreak to control the epidemic.Methods: Through the retrospective cohort study,we had surveyed all the residents of distract Y in city X who complained symptoms of diarrhea or vomiting since July 26th,2009,and collected hygiene information on the water supply system and some case-indexed families of distract Y in city X.Results: From July 26th to August third in 2009,651 cases of diarrhea and vomiting were found in distract Y of city X,the morbidity was 7.45 %.The cases were distributed among 19 residential areas who had used tap water S,A17 residential area had the largest number of cases(91 cases),and A5 and A16 had the least number of cases(8 cases),respectively.86.6 % of cases appeared from July 25th to 29th.The minimum age of the cases was two months old,the maximum age was 82 years old.The disease had attracted the people of almost different ages.The test of Salmonella E4 group was positive in two samples of vomit,stool and anal swabs from 32 patients and in water source of ninth well.The monitoring data also indicated that the total number of colonies,total coliforms and other index of first to ninth well were disqualified.With the drinking water sterilization and health education,the epidemic had been controlled effectively.Conclusion: The epidemic was a diarrhea outbreak that might be caused by bacterial through drinking the contaminated tap water S.
Accessible Text-to-Speech Options for Students Who Struggle with Reading.

ABSTRACTAs students progress through school they spend more time reading to obtain information. Reading to learn can be a struggle for any student, but it tends to be a bigger obstacle for students with disabilities. Using text-to-speech applications and extensions is one way to assist students with disabilities who struggle to independently complete reading assignments. This article presents low-cost text-to-speech options that can be used to support struggling readers, including those with disabilities. Although many quality reading tools exist, this article provides options for teachers and other school personnel trying to balance the needs of students with the realities of school budgets.
A Broken Arch, a Broken Bridge, and a Broken Promise: Using Kincheloe’s Critical Pedagogy Concepts to Teach About Race in an Urban Graduate School Classroom

This account of racial conflinct in the United States during fall 2014 was the sociocultural conflict experienced by graduate students who were transitioning into teaching careers. As these students from different ethnic backgrounds foreground their thinking on teaching and the relevance of racial experiences to the classroom, they each wrote about their reactions to Kincheloe’s critical constructivism finding their way clear to accept even bigger challenges to their personal and professional lives than they had anticipated at the outset of the semester. In gratitude, Blake expresses the importance of Kincheloe’s work to her teaching past and present.
A Brief History of Science Popularization

This chapter looks at the origins of science popularization and how it has changed as the scientific and social contexts have changed. Understood in terms of the rhetorical situation, the history of science popularization is a history of a changing set of rhetors, exigences, and audiences. Understood in terms of kinds of knowledge, it is a history of shifting relationships between episteme (scientific or specialist knowledge) and doxa (public knowledge). In general, the trend over the last four-and-a-half centuries has been a movement from episteme and doxa being inseparable, to their being balanced, to a relatively recent elevation of episteme to special status.
Between abundance and marginalization: the imperative of racial rhetorical criticism

ABSTRACTTracing what has become a profound and robust conversation among rhetorical critics, I argue in this essay that questions of race are of such central importance to rhetorical criticism that rhetorical critics must all now participate in a body of work I name racial rhetorical criticism. To make this argument, I trace three racial rhetorical projects, which I name hearing race, seeing race, and bounding race. I conclude with suggestions for future work: a turn toward comparative racial rhetorical studies, an amplification of historical racial rhetorical studies, and a broad partipation from rhetorical critics in racial rhetorical criticism.
Nonlinear heading control of an autonomous underwater vehicle with internal actuators

Abstract Designs of hybrid autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), which use internal actuators instead of control surfaces to steer, have emerged recently in the ocean engineering community. This paper focuses on the heading autopilot design for a REMUS AUV by using an internal moving mass. A nonlinear dynamical system is first derived which describes the horizontal-plane motion of the vehicle coupled with an internal moving mass. It is shown that a displacement of the internal mass in the sway direction can affect the flow of the dynamical system in phase space. Using displacement as the system input, a LQR controller is designed to stabilize the heading angle of the vehicle by taking advantage of the position and inertia of the internal moving mass. The linear controller cannot deal with large perturbations due to the constraints on the maximum displacement and movement speed of the internal moving mass. Consequently, a tunnel thruster is added to the design in order to address the problem. A nonlinear full-state feedback law is derived based on backstepping and Lyapunov redesign technique to control the displacement of the internal mass and the force exerted by the tunnel thruster. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design.
On the design of phase locked loop oscillatory neural networks: Mitigation of transmission delay effects

This paper introduces a novel design of phase locked loop (PLL) based oscillatory neural networks (ONNs) to mitigate the frequency clustering phenomenon caused by transmission delays in real systems. Theoretical analysis of the ONN reveals that transmission delays can produce frequency clustering that leads to synchronization and convergence failure. This paper describes the redesign of ONN dynamics and associated system-level architecture to achieve robustness. Specifically, we first demonstrate that using the phase information of zero-crossing points of inputs as the PLL error signal enables the ONN dynamical model to correctly synchronize under uniform transmission delays. A Type-II PLL based ONN architecture is shown via simulation to provide this property in hardware. Furthermore, to accommodate non-uniform transmission delays in hardware, a phase synchronization technique is proposed that is shown to provide the correct synchronization behavior.
A comparison of urban growth and their influencing factors of two border cities: Laredo in the US and Nuevo Laredo in Mexico

Abstract The adjacent cities of Laredo in the US and Nuevo Laredo in Mexico have been growing at an unprecedented pace over the past decades. The trans-boundary flows of commodities and capital between these two cities, as well as significant population growth have created an interdependent system in this area. This characteristic provides an opportunity to thoroughly examine drivers behind landscape changes in the two cities. The aim of this study is to examine urban growth and the influencing factors of Laredo-Nuevo Laredo. Results of initial remote sensing-GIS analysis indicated that there was considerable urban expansion in both cities from 1985 to 2014. Spatially, Laredo demonstrated a more dispersed and rapid growth pattern compared to Nuevo Laredo. Additional results from a logistic regression using data at the pixel level on both sides of the border revealed a number of factors that influenced urban growth for both cites. These factors included: (1) elevation, (2) distance to nearest urban clusters, (3) distance to local roads, and (4) density of urban pixels. In addition, this study found that some dominant variables (population density and density of highways) affected urban growth differently for the two cities. Furthermore, globalization factors related to industrial activities/maquiladoras also played a significant role in affecting urban growth although the trajectories were not completely clear.
Vape Shop Density and Socio-Demographic Disparities: A US Census Tract Analysis.

Introduction Vape shops are an emerging business specializing in the sales and promotion of e-cigarette, e-juice, and other vaping products. This study sought to evaluate the associations between vape shop density and socio-demographic characteristics at the US census tract level. Methods Vape shop data (n = 9943) were collected from three online directories: Yelp.com, Yellowpages.com, and Guidetovaping.com. Addresses of vape shops were geocoded and the density per 10 000 people was estimated at each US census tract. Zero inflated negative binomial regression model was performed to examine the socio-demographic factors associated with vape shop density. Results Overall, there was a higher vape shop density in urban versus nonurban census tracts. In urban areas, higher vape shop density was associated with larger proportions of Hispanics and Asians, adults aged 18-44 years old and higher poverty, while the decrease in vape shop density was associated with larger proportions of population under 18 years old, higher education, larger household size, and a higher percentage of owner occupied housing units. In nonurban areas, higher vape shop density was associated larger proportions of African Americans and Hispanics, smaller household size and a lower percentage of owner occupied housing units. Conclusion At the national level, there are inequalities of vape shop density by some socio-demographic characteristics and heterogeneity between urban and nonurban areas. Implications Vape shops are more likely to be concentrated in areas where people with a higher risk for vaping and smoking reside. Our findings could inform initiatives aimed at a stronger licensing requirement for vape shops and federal and state-level regulations of this industry to prevent vape shop from targeting minority and other socially disadvantaged groups.
A cardiac model convenient for vascular load coupling

To answer the question of optimal matching between the ventricle and arterial load, we developed a framework of analysis which uses simplified models of ventricular contraction and arterial input impedance. The ventricular model consists only of a single volume (or chamber) elastance which increases to an endsystolic value E es with each heart beat. With this elastance, stroke volume SV is represented as a linearly decreasing function of ventricular endsystolic pressure. Arterial input impedance is represented by a 3-element Windkessel model which is in turn approximated to describe arterial end systolic pressure as a linearly increasing function of stroke volume injected per heart beat. The slope of this relationship is E a. Superposition of the ventricular and arterial endsystolic pressure-stroke volume relationships yields stroke volume and stroke work expected when the ventricle and the arterial load are coupled. From theoretical consideration, a maximum energy transfer should occur from the contracting ventricle to the arterial load under the condition E es = E a. Experimental data on the external work that a ventricle performed on extensively varied arterial impedance loads supported the validity of this matched condition. The matched condition also dictated that the ventricular ejection fraction should be nearly 50%, a well-known fact under normal condition. We conclude that the ventricular contractile property, as represented by E es, is matched to the arterial impedance property, represented by a three-element windkessel model, under normal conditions.
Flexibilität in italienischen Unternehmen

Seit der zweiten Halfte der 90er Jahre wird der Forschung bewusst, dass Italien der erste weltgroste Hersteller bei zahlreichen Produktkategorien ist. Es handelt sich um kleine Klassen, Nischen, die dennoch regelmasige und beachtliche Warenstrome im Handelsverkehr darstellen (vgl. Becattini 2007, S.18). Diese Produkte werden mit „Made in Italy“ gekennzeichnet.
Central sensitization associated with low fetal hemoglobin levels in adults with sickle cell anemia

Background and aims Pain is the hallmark of sickle cell anemia (SCA), presenting as recurrent acute events or chronic pain. Central sensitization, or enhanced excitability of the central nervous system, alters pain processing and contributes to the maintenance of chronic pain. Individuals with SCA demonstrate enhanced sensitivity to painful stimuli however central mechanisms of pain have not been fully explored. We hypothesized that adults with SCA would show evidence of central sensitization as observed in other diseases of chronic pain. Methods We conducted a prospective study of static and dynamic quantitative sensory tests in 30 adults with SCA and 30 matched controls. Results Static thermal testing using cold stimuli showed lower pain thresholds ( p =0.04) and tolerance ( p =0.04) in sickle cell subjects, but not for heat. However, SCA subjects reported higher pain ratings with random heat pulses ( p p =0.002). Similarly, with the use of pressure pain stimuli, sickle cell subjects reported higher pain ratings ( p =0.04), but not higher pressure pain tolerance/thresholds or allodynia to light tactile stimuli. Temporal summation pain score changes using 2 pinprick probes (256 and 512mN) were significantly greater ( p =0.004 and p =0.008) with sickle cell, and delayed recovery was associated with lower fetal hemoglobin ( p =0.002 and 0.003). Conclusions Exaggerated temporal summation responses provide evidence of central sensitization in SCA. Implications The association with fetal hemoglobin suggests this known SCA modifier may have a therapeutic role in modulating central sensitization.
The Library Profession in the Time of Open Access

ABSTRACTOpen Access (OA) publications challenge traditional library collections and the result is potentially transformative. The costs of subscriptions will be moved from readers and libraries to authors or be covered by universities, foundations, or other government funders. As a movement, it connects to a much larger cultural narrative and has given the impression of fait accompli. There is still skepticism among individuals involved in academic publishing. Applying the logic of professionalism by Freidson and Abbott, this article suggests that while we may advocate an OA business model to drive down costs, achievement of this model may actually undermine the library profession in the process. To strengthen our professional identity, librarians should embrace our expert role in research practices and broaden our access functions in accord with what users most value.
A metacultural approach to predicting self-employment across the globe

Abstract Drawing from neo-institutional theory, we examine the relationship between preference for entrepreneurship and actual entrepreneurship behavior across multiple countries and cultures. We elucidate how multiple societal-level cultural models, namely Hofstede, Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE), and Schwartz affect the individual-level process connecting expressed preference for self-employment and actual behavior. Our hypotheses were tested using a multilevel technique on a sample of 20,755 individuals across 24 countries. The findings indicate that the moderating effect of predominant cultural cognition is partially supported. Contributions and implications for theory and practice are also discussed.
Decoding the Social World

Social life is full of paradoxes. Our intentional actions often trigger outcomes that we did not intend or even envision. How do we explain those unintended effects and what can we do to regulate them? In this talk, I will discuss research that illustrates how data science and digital traces help us solve the puzzle of unintended consequences?offering the solution to a social paradox that has intrigued thinkers for centuries. Communication has always been the force that makes a collection of people more than the sum of individuals, but only now can we explain why: digital technologies have made it possible to parse the information we generate by being social in new, imaginative ways. Yet we must look at that data, I will argue, through the lens of theories that capture the nature of social life. The technologies we use, in the end, are also a manifestation of the social world we inhabit. In this talk I will discuss how the unpredictability of social life relates to communication networks, social influence, and the unintended effects that derive from individual decisions. I will focus on empirical research in the field of political communication, with special emphasis on the analysis of social media, mobilization dynamics, exposure to information, and news consumption. I will describe how communication generates social dynamics in aggregate (leading to episodes of ?collective effervescence") and I will discuss the mechanisms that underlie large-scale diffusion, when information and behavior spread ?like wildfire." I will use the theory of networks to illuminate why collective outcomes can differ drastically even when they arise from the same individual actions. By opening the black box of unintended effects, and how they relate to communication dynamics, I hope to identify strategies for social intervention and illuminate policy implications?and how data science and the analysis of digital traces embolden critical thinking in a world that is constantly changing.
Reducing myeloperoxidase activity decreases inflammation and increases cellular protection in ischemic stroke.

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a pro-inflammatory enzyme abundantly secreted by activated myeloid cells after stroke. We show that when MPO activity is either blocked by the specific inhibitor 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide (ABAH) in wildtype (WT) mice or congenitally absent (MPO−/−), there was decreased cell loss, including degenerating neurons and oligodendrocytes, in the ischemic brains compared to vehicle-treated WT mice after stroke. MPO inhibition also reduced the number of activated myeloid cells after ischemia. MPO inhibition increased cytoprotective heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) by 70% and p-Akt by 60%, while decreased the apoptotic marker p53 level by 62%, compared to vehicle-treated mice after ischemia. Similarly, MPO inhibition increased the number of Hsp70+/NeuN+ cells after stroke by 60%. Notably, MPO inhibition significantly improved neurological outcome compared with the vehicle-treated group after stroke. We further found longer treatment periods resulted in larger reduction of infarct size and ...
Transcriptional regulation of the human Na/K ATPase via the human mineralocorticoid receptor.

The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) are members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily of ligand inducible transcription factors and have been shown to bind the glucocorticoid response element (GRE). Sodium-potassium ATPase (Na/K ATPase) is a major target of mineralocorticoids. Both aldosterone and glucocorticoids activate the human Na/K ATPase α1 subunit and β1 subunit genes transcriptionally. However, the mechanisms of corticosteroid regulation of mammalian Na/K ATPase subunit gene expression are not known. In this investigation, we report for the first time that cell lines (T-84 and 293) express endogenous MR by RT-PCR message expression. However, the protein product was not expressed as determined by western blot analyses. In transactivation studies of MR with GRE31, we detected MR expression at low concentrations of aldosterone. We also performed Northern blot and nuclear run-off transcription assays to further confirm that the regulation is transcriptional. We conclude that the transcriptional regulation of the human Na/K ATPase α1 and β1 subunits by aldosterone occurs via the involvement of the MR.
Separating Discriminative and Function-Altering Effects of Verbal Stimuli

Ever since Skinner's first discussion of rule-governed behavior, behavior analysts have continued to define rules, either explicitly or implicitly, as verbal discriminative stimuli. Consequently, it is not difficult to find, in the literature on rule-governed behavior, references to stimulus control, antecedent control, or to rules occasioning behavior. However, some verbal stimuli have effects on behavior that are not easily described as discriminative. Such stimuli don't evoke behavior as discriminative stimuli, but rather alter the functions of other stimuli in a manner analogous to operant and respondent conditioning. Hence, this type of control has been called function altering. Any known stimulus function (e.g., evocative, or [conditioned] reinforcing or punishing functions) can apparently be altered by such function-altering stimuli. Describing these stimuli as discriminative stimuli obscures their possible function-altering effects and consequently may retard inquiry into them. This paper encourages behavior analysts to begin separating the discriminative and function-altering effects of verbal stimuli and suggests that by doing so, behavior analysts may better understand what may be most unique about these stimuli. Results from several experiments, especially those in which children served as subjects, are analyzed. Finally, some speculations are offered concerning the genesis of function-altering stimuli.
Evolution of maternal control of axial patterning in insects

Positional and cell fate cues provided maternally to eggs are important factors in the development of many animals. The insects are a model clade where maternal establishment of embryonic axes is widespread and has been a topic of intense classical and molecular embryological analysis. Recently, significant progress has been made in revealing the molecular basis of some classical embryological experiments. In addition, observations of novel forms of maternal positional cues have been made. Finally, it has become increasingly clear that no maternal source of positional information acts alone without input and feedback from zygotic target genes to ensure precise and repeatable pattern formation in the early embryo. These advances will be discussed in the context of historical experiments, our current understanding of how positional cues can be generated, stored, and transmitted in insect ovaries and eggs, and how the nature of the cues can change in evolution.
Integrating growth and capture–mark–recapture models reveals size-dependent survival in an elusive species

Survival is a key vital rate for projecting the viability of wild populations. Estimating survival is difficult for many rare or elusive species because recapture rates of marked individuals are low, and the ultimate fate of individuals is unknown. Low recapture rates for many species have made it difficult to accurately estimate survival, and to evaluate the importance of individual and environmental covariates for survival. Individual covariates such as size are particularly difficult to include in capture–mark–recapture models for elusive species because the state of the individual is unknown during periods when it is not captured. Here, we integrate a von Bertalanffy growth model with a multi‐state robust‐design Cormack‐Jolly‐Seber model to test for a relationship between body size and survival in the elusive, threatened giant gartersnake, Thamnophis gigas. We take a Bayesian approach to model the size of an individual during periods when it was not captured and measured, which fully propagates uncertainty in this unobserved covariate. We found strong support for a positive relationship between snake size and annual survival, with survival increasing with size up to a peak for adult snakes, after which survival either declines slightly or plateaus for the largest individuals. Few captures of very small and very large individuals led to high uncertainty in the survival rates of these sizes. Survival of giant gartersnakes was also positively related to the amount of precipitation and the cover of emergent and floating vegetation at a site. To our knowledge, our study is the first to estimate a size–survival relationship in a snake while fully accounting for uncertainty in the size of unobserved individuals. Our results have implications for the management of this threatened species and illustrate the utility of integrating hierarchical Bayesian models to the study of survival in elusive species.
Investigation of Spectral Clustering for Signed Graph Matrix Representations

Signed graphs [11], which allow for both favorable and adverse relationships, are becoming a common model choice for various data analysis applications, e.g., correlation clustering [1] and spectral clustering [9]. Unlike for unsigned graphs, there is no collective agreement of a matrix representation that relates to the unsigned graph Laplacian. There currently exists three proposed matrix representations: [9] proposes a zero row-sum preserving Laplacian (signed Laplacian), [8] proposes a physics preserving Laplacian (Physics Laplacian), and [4] proposes an expansion of the signed Laplacian into an unsigned Laplacian with twice the number of degrees-of-freedom (Gremban's expansion.) We investigate these three proposed matrix representations with respect to the quality of traditional (unsigned graph) spectral clustering concepts. We provide three numerical tests that use a stochastic block model with negative edge weights. We observe that the best matrix representation for spectral clustering depends on the underlying structure of a signed graph, which may be unavailable. However, since the Gremban's expansion matrix provides higher quality clusters for more combinations of inner and outer-connection probabilities for positive and negative valued edges, we conclude that the Gremban's expansion is the most robust representation to use for spectral clustering.
Drak/STK17A Drives Neoplastic Glial Proliferation through Modulation of MRLC Signaling.

Glioblastoma (GBM) and lower grade gliomas (LGG) are the most common primary malignant brain tumors and are resistant to current therapies. Genomic analyses reveal that signature genetic lesions in GBM and LGG include copy gain and amplification of chromosome 7, amplification, mutation, and overexpression of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) such as EGFR, and activating mutations in components of the PI-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway. In Drosophila melanogaster, constitutive co-activation of RTK and PI3K signaling in glial progenitor cells recapitulates key features of human gliomas. Here we use this Drosophila glioma model to identify death-associated protein kinase (Drak), a cytoplasmic serine/threonine kinase orthologous to the human kinase STK17A, as a downstream effector of EGFR and PI3K signaling pathways. Drak was necessary for glial neoplasia, but not for normal glial proliferation and development, and Drak cooperated with EGFR to promote glial cell transformation. Drak phosphorylated Sqh, the Drosophila ortholog of MRLC (non-muscle myosin regulatory light chain), which was necessary for transformation. Moreover, Anillin, which is a binding partner of phosphorylated Sqh, was upregulated in a Drak-dependent manner in mitotic cells and co-localized with phosphorylated Sqh in neoplastic cells undergoing mitosis and cytokinesis, consistent with their known roles in non-muscle myosin-dependent cytokinesis. These functional relationships were conserved in human GBM. Our results indicate that Drak/STK17A, its substrate Sqh/MRLC and the effector Anillin/ANLN regulate mitosis and cytokinesis in gliomas. This pathway may provide a new therapeutic target for gliomas.
Hydrolytic rancidity and its association with phenolics in rice bran

Whole grain rice, which has the bran layer intact, contains more nutrients and health beneficial compounds than its milled rice equivalent. Its consumption is associated with a reduction in the risk of developing several chronic diseases. However, the bran contains non-starch lipids deposited along with the lipid degrading enzymes, lipase and lipoxygenase, resulting in a relatively short shelf life for whole grain rice. We studied the genotypic diversity of lipase induced hydrolytic rancidity (HR) level in the bran of 134 diverse genotypes and found more than a 15-fold variation. Among the genotypes, those with red or brown bran had lower HR than the purple, light brown and white brans. Total phenolic content and anthocyanins were negatively correlated with the HR in purple brans suggesting their inhibitory effect on lipase during bran storage. In conclusion, low HR genotypes could be used as breeding materials to improve the storage stability of whole grain rice.
Relationship between localization acuity and spatial release from masking

Spatial Release from Masking (SRM) is defined as the ability to obtain better Speech Recognition Thresholds (SRTs) when the masking sounds are spatially separated from the target sound. Localization refers our ability identify the direction of the sound and localization acuity is measured as the difference in locations between the actual and perceived locations. SRM and localization share many common cues on how the task is performed. Here, we present data from young normal hearing on SRM task using Coordinate Response Measure (CRM) sentences and localization acuity using three different noise Gaussian white noise bursts: low pass (1/3 octave wide centered at 500 Hz), high pass (1/3 octave wide centered at 3150 Hz), and broadband (200–5000 Hz). Thirteen loudspeakers (Orb Mod 1), separated by 15 deg in the frontal plane were used to present the stimuli. Initial analyses of the results indicated that, as expected, all the listeners obtained substantial spatial release from masking consistent with the literature, filtering the broadband noise had little effect on localization acuity for listeners with normal hearing. Finally, the relationship between SRM and localization acuity will be discussed.Spatial Release from Masking (SRM) is defined as the ability to obtain better Speech Recognition Thresholds (SRTs) when the masking sounds are spatially separated from the target sound. Localization refers our ability identify the direction of the sound and localization acuity is measured as the difference in locations between the actual and perceived locations. SRM and localization share many common cues on how the task is performed. Here, we present data from young normal hearing on SRM task using Coordinate Response Measure (CRM) sentences and localization acuity using three different noise Gaussian white noise bursts: low pass (1/3 octave wide centered at 500 Hz), high pass (1/3 octave wide centered at 3150 Hz), and broadband (200–5000 Hz). Thirteen loudspeakers (Orb Mod 1), separated by 15 deg in the frontal plane were used to present the stimuli. Initial analyses of the results indicated that, as expected, all the listeners obtained substantial spatial release from masking consistent with the litera...
Microwave-Assisted Isolation of Eugenol from Cloves

An experiment for the undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory involving a method for the isolation of eugenol from cloves has been developed. The experiment employs microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of the essential oil from whole cloves using aqueous ethanol and the subsequent isolation of eugenol by acid–base extraction. The MAE allows for extraction of the essential oil in a fraction of the time of steam-distillation, which is commonly part of a second-year undergraduate laboratory experience. The experiment combines multiple lab techniques and reinforces the introduction of spectroscopy in first-semester organic chemistry.
A unified view of transport equations

Abstract Distribution functions of many static transport equations are found using the Maximum Entropy Principle. The equations of constraint which contain the relevant dynamical information are simply the low-lying moments of the distributions. Systems subject to conservative forces have also been considered. In this approach, determining the solutions to the transport equations no longer requires solving a partial differential equation but instead experimentally determining the low-lying moments and potentials.
Defining Self-Worth: Trait Self-Esteem Moderates the Use of Self-Serving Trait Definitions in Social Judgment

People possess self-serving definitions of social traits and categories. When a trait is positive, people emphasize their own attributes in their definition of the trait. When the trait is negative, they de-emphasize self-attributes. Across three studies, we discovered that this tendency is moderated by dispositional self-esteem. High self-esteem individuals articulate more self-serving trait definitions than their low esteem counterparts. This was revealed in explicit reports of trait definitions, reaction times used to report trait definitions, as well as in judgments of other people. Although more muted, the trait definitions of low self-esteem participants tended to be self-serving in one study and more “even-handed” in two others. Implications of these findings for understanding the relation of self to social judgment are discussed.
Global citizenship education through global children's literature: An analysis of the NCSS Notable Trade Books

Abstract This research analyzes global children's literature from the National Council for Social Studies Notable Trade book lists from the past three years. The authors studied primary level texts that were either written by or about people and cultures from outside the United States. Using critical content analysis, the authors identified what aspects of global citizenship these books promote. The authors also analyzed the texts for dangers of representation as presented through various stereotypes or problematic tropes. This research critiques the NCSS Notable Trade book lists to provide social studies educators with guidance in selecting and using international and global children's literature. Findings suggest NCSS recommended trade books promote a Cosmopolitan discourse (Gaudelli, 2009) and a soft approach (Andreotti, 2006) to Global Citizenship Education. We offer both nuanced critiques of specific books as well as guidance for teachers, librarians and organizations for selecting texts.
Pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferation of the appendix with an abdominal abscess due to diverticulum perforation: a case report

Pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferation is a rare proliferative lesion of the submucosal stroma characterized by myofibroblast proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration, and is mainly reported in the urinary system. We report a 65-year-old male who was referred to our emergency room with right-side iliac fossa pain. The pain gradually worsened for approximately 2 months, and rebound tenderness was positive. Blood examination showed severe inflammatory findings, and enhanced computed tomography revealed a heterogeneous contrast-enhancing mass lesion measured to be 55 × 50 mm in size at the lower right abdomen. Based on these results, the patient was diagnosed with appendicitis with an abdominal abscess. As the inflammation was severe, we drained the abscess before performing surgery. Approximately 1 month after the abscess diminished, interval appendectomy was performed. Macroscopic findings of the resected specimen showed a perforated diverticulum of the appendix and a small adjacent nodule measured to be 14 mm in size. Histopathological examination with hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that the nodule consisted of fibroblast proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration. Furthermore, immunohistochemical examination showed positive for smooth muscle actin and desmin and negative for S-100, c-kit, and anaplastic lymphoma kinase. Based on these histopathological results, we diagnosed the nodule as an unusual case of a pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferation associated with perforation of the diverticulum of the appendix. Herein, we report a rare case of a pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferation that occurred in the appendix with diverticulitis.
De-skilling and fragmentation

If programming has experienced a separation of head and hand work, it has only followed the pattern of most other industrial occupations. Almost all modern workplaces divide work and separate people. They impose narrow limits on personal involvement in the work process. They restrict workers to anonymous fragments of larger undertakings which for the most part they neither control nor understand. Perhaps because large and impersonal forms of organization have become so common, it is easy to forget that they are human, not natural, inventions. Workplaces do not, after all, organize themselves. Conveyor belts do not turn themselves on. Edp machines do not invent their own operating systems. People—at least some of them—do all of these things. They also decide if a workplace will be large or small, integrated or fragmented, organized hierarchically or along democratic lines. They do so, moreover, in a very special context. If the maker of a product—canned tomatoes, automated billing systems, neckties—wants to make a profit, he must sell his product for more than it costs to make it.
The Role of Early Care Providers in Early Intervention and Early Childhood Special Education Systems

Children with disabilities between the ages of 0–5 and their families are supported by a broad coalition of special education and general education teachers and providers who collaborate in the planning and delivery of services. When services are provided in early care settings (e.g., home care, center-based care, general education Pre-K), evidence has shown that the integration of services can be a significant challenge for families. We interviewed 12 early care providers to determine their role in special education service planning and provision. Thematic analysis of the data showed that early care providers are often overlooked as contributing team members and frequently excluded from Individual Family Service Program (IFSP) and Individual Education Program (IEP) development and meetings. Despite these challenges, early care providers acted as advocates and information sources for families from referral and service provision through to the transition to kindergarten. They also often advocated for inclusion, insisting that therapists embed therapy into the children’s routines. Our findings showed that early care providers were critical to effective teaming and inclusive practices.
Linguistic occupation segregation along the U.S.–Mexico border: using the index of dissimilarity to measure inequality in employment among monolingual speakers and Spanish–English bilinguals

The U.S.–Mexico border is a Latina/o concentrated region and Spanish–English bilingual society. While there are some indications of an economic advantage associated with Spanish–English bilingualism in regions with over-representations of Spanish-origin speakers, the degree of occupational linguistic segregation in such ethno-linguistic context is unknown. Based on data from the American Community Survey (ACS) Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) for 2018, this study calculates the occupational dissimilarity index (D) among monolingual-Spanish speakers, Spanish–English bilinguals, and monolingual-English speakers for cities located along the Texas–Mexico border and in the Houston metropolis. Findings show that the highest occupational segregation is found between monolingual-Spanish speakers and both monolingual-English and Spanish–English bilinguals. This indicates that the monolingual-Spanish workforce is occupationally segregated from those with fluent command of English. The lowest occupation dissimilarity indices are between Spanish–English bilinguals and monolingual-English speakers, indicating that these groups are approaching similar occupational placements. I conclude by highlighting an occupational advantage to Spanish–English bilingualism, but only in border cities characterised by concentrations of Spanish-origin speakers. In the non-border city of Houston, being Spanish–English bilingual is not enough to experience occupational upward mobility.
Analytical model for s-type SNOM of 2D conducting materials

We present an analytical calculation of plasmon excitation in a 2D conducting material by a thin horizontally arranged polarized cylindrical tip. This minimalistic model is used as a core for simulation of scattering type surface near-field microscopy (s-SNOM) of 2D materials. Due to its simplicity, it provides better understanding of s-SNOM operation and measurements it's able to perform.
Sinology in seattle: The university of washington and its influence on the study of Chinese medicine

The University of Washington has played a pivotal role in the field of sinology with faculty and alumni producing major publications in Chinese history, literature, phonetics, and linguistics. These contributions have been instrumental in the development of sinology as a field and have both directly and indirectly influenced the study of Chinese Medicine. By tracing the history of the Department of Asian Languages and Literature and examining several major figures, we can better understand how these individuals shaped the development of Chinese Medicine and contributed to its spread worldwide.
Shear Wave Speed Ratio for evaluation of nonlinearity of soft tissues

Imaging of tissue nonlinear elastic properties has shown potentials in providing additional information for disease diagnosis alongside traditional linear elastic properties. However, accurate local quantification of nonlinear elasticity requires precise imaging and registration of tissue strain at multiple incremental strain levels. Furthermore, it requires imaging of local stress which is measured from cumulative sum of shear wave speed squared times the differential strain. To solve this problem, here, we report measurements of shear wave speed ratio to evaluate elastic nonlinearity of tissues. In this study, we evaluate the ratio of shear wave speed (SWS) image at incremental global local strain levels to the SWS image at undeformed state of the medium. The shear wave speed ratio imaging at global strain does not require local tracking of tissue motion. On the other hand, shear wave speed ratio imaging at local strain requires local strain estimation, however, it does not require estimation of cumulative stress. Thus errors and noise associated with traditional quantitative nonlinear elasticity imaging are more compared to shear wave speed ratio imaging.
The Myth of Mental Illness in the Movies and Its Impact on Forensic Psychology

This chapter will attempt to expose and discuss various false depictions of mental illness, while explaining how this can have devastating consequences for forensic psychologists who work in our justice system because they create erroneous public opinion. The media can be a very powerful tool but when inaccurate knowledge about mental illness is portrayed, people become less able to decipher truth from entertainment.
Comparing bycatch mitigation strategies for vulnerable marine megafauna

Marine megafauna such as seabirds, marine mammals and sea turtles are subject to high mortality from incidental capture or bycatch in fisheries. Recent research suggests that fishing effort is increasing worldwide, highlighting the need to evaluate strategies intended to reduce marine megafauna bycatch. Here, we use three focal species (i.e. leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea, black-footed albatross Phoebastria nigripes and vaquita porpoise Phocoena sinus) as case studies to compare management outcomes of four bycatch mitigation measures: time–area closures, individual bycatch limits, gear modifications and buy-outs. Time–area closures were used for leatherbacks and vaquitas with limited effectiveness, although timing, size and enforcement influenced their efficacy. Individual bycatch limits were employed for leatherbacks in one fishery, sometimes simultaneously with gear modifications and closures. Gear modifications consistently reduced bycatch of leatherbacks and black-footed albatross and showed strong promise for vaquitas. True buy-outs were only used for vaquitas and were costly, most fishers were unwilling to be bought out, and it is unclear if they reduced bycatch. Our review suggests that gear modifications were the most widely used and generally most promising technique for these species, although management outcomes of each strategy depended largely on the species–fishery interaction, fishery characteristics and socioeconomic context. Based on lessons learned from our case studies, we outline when and where a particular approach may be most effective, provide recommendations for improving each strategy and highlight priorities for future research.