cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The intercellular adhesion molecule type-1 is required for rapid activation of T helper type 1 lymphocytes that control early acute phase of genital chlamydial infection in mice.

SUMMARY Recent studies in animal models of genital chlamydial disease revealed that early recruitment of dendritic cells and specific T helper type-1 (Th1) cells into the genital mucosae is crucial for reducing the severity of the acute phase of a cervico-vaginal infection and arresting ascending disease. These immune effectors are therefore important for preventing major complications of genital chlamydial infection. Other in vitro studies showed that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) plays a role in the antichlamydial action of specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. In the present study, we investigated the clinicopathological consequences of ICAM-1 deficiency during chlamydial genital infection in ICAM-1 knockout (ICAM-1KO) mice, and analysed the cellular and molecular immunological bases for any observed pathology or complication. Following a primary genital infection of female ICAM-l ‐/‐ and ICAM-1 +/+ mice, the intensity of the disease during the first 3 weeks (as assessed by shedding of chlamydiae in the genital tract) was significantly greater in ICAM-1KO mice than in ICAM-1 +/+ mice (P< 0.0001), although both ICAM-l ‐/‐ and ICAM-1 +/+ mice subsequently cleared the primary infection. There was greater ascending disease during the initial stage of the infection, and a higher incidence of tubal disease (hydrosalpinx formation) after multiple infections in ICAM-l ‐/‐ mice. Analysis of the cellular and molecular bases for the increased acute and ascending disease in ICAM-l ‐/‐ mice revealed that the high affinity of ICAM-1 for leucocyte function antigen type-1 is a property that promotes rapid activation of specific Th1 cells, as well as their early recruitment into the genital mucosa. Moreover, ICAM-1 was more important for naive T-cell activation than primed Th1 cells, although its absence delayed or suppressed immune T-cell activation by at least 50%. Taken together, these results indicated that ICAM-1 is crucial for rapid T-cell activation, early recruitment and control of genitally acquired Chlamydia trachomatis.
Characterization of a xenobiotic thiol methyltransferase and its role in detoxication in Tetrahymena thermophila

Abstract The protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila produces pentachlorobenzenethiol as an intermediate during the metabolism of the fungicide pentachloronitrobenzene. A thiol methyltransferase which catalyzes the S -adenosylmethionine-dependent methylation of pentachlorobenzenethiol has been detected in extracts from this organism. The enzyme was localized in the cytoplasm, and has been purified 130-fold. It has a molecular weight of 41,000 and a pH optimum of 7.5. A number of foreign thiols, but not the cellular thiols, glutathione or cysteine, were substrates for the enzyme. Phenols and anilines were not substrates. With pentachlorobenzenethiol as the methyl acceptor the apparent K m was 27 μ M , and the K m for S -adenosylmethionine was 110 μ M . To determine if the enzyme could play a role in the detoxication of reactive thiols, toxicity tests were carried out with a variety of aromatic thiols and their corresponding methylthio derivatives. In addition, toxicity tests on some corresponding phenols and anilines were carried out. In general, in long-term tests the aromatic thiols were more toxic than the methylthio derivatives, and intermediate in toxicity between phenols and anilines. In short-term tests the toxicity of aromatic thiols was enhanced by pretreatment with dithiothreitol suggesting that the thiol/disulfide status is an important factor in thiol toxicity. Exposure of T. thermophila to sublethal levels of pentachlorobenzenethiol resulted in an adapted population of cells with increased levels of thiol methyltransferase, and decreased sensitivity to aromatic thiols.
Approaches to pharmacy benefit management and the impact of consumer cost sharing

Abstract Background: Numerous mechanisms have been introduced to deliver prescription drug benefits while controlling pharmaceutical costs. An understanding of the most prominent mechanisms of benefit management is an important step in determining the most effective approach to take in future years. Objectives: The aims of this review were to illustrate the mechanisms by which managed care has attempted to efficiently and equitably deliver pharmacy benefits and to discuss the impact of such programs, including consumer cost sharing. Methods: A review of the literature was conducted using the PreMedline and MEDLINE databases from the years 1966 to 2002, reference lists from relevant articles, and online sources, including news releases, conference materials, and pharmacy benefit management reports. Results: Numerous pharmacy benefit management tools and their impact on utilization, expenditures, and health outcomes are reviewed, including disease state management; utilization management (ie, quantity limitations and prior authorization); drug utilization review; formulary management (ie, open and closed); delivery systems (ie, retail and mail order); and mechanisms for implementing consumer cost sharing (ie, generic incentives, multitiered copayments, and co-insurance). Although there is some evidence to suggest that certain benefit management tools have been successful in reducing health plan expenditures, a more thorough investigation of their potential unintended consequences is needed. Conclusions: Implementing adequate levels of consumer cost sharing is necessary if employers and health plans are to continue offering prescription drug benefits. It is important to remember, however, that quality health care cannot be forfeited for the sake of short-term cost savings.
Longitudinal assessment of sleep disordered breathing in Vietnam veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder.

Purpose Previous work has demonstrated the relatively high prevalence of risk factors for cognitive impairment, such as sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and obesity, in Vietnam War era veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). No data are currently available on the longitudinal stability of SDB as a risk factor for cognitive decline in that population, which this study now reports.
Mechanisms of sphingosine-1-phosphate-induced akt-dependent smooth muscle cell migration.

Background Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S-1-P) is a bioactive sphingolipid released from activated platelets that stimulates migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in vitro. S-1-P will activate akt, which can regulate multiple cellular functions including cell migration. Akt activation is downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3-K) and phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1). The objective of this study was to examine the regulation of akt signaling during smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration in response to S-1-P. Methods Murine arterial SMC were cultured in vitro. Linear wound and microchemotaxis assays of migration in Boyden chambers were performed in the presence of S-1-P with and without an akt inhibitor (aktI). Assays were performed for PI3-K, PDK1, akt, and GSK3β in the presence of various inhibitors and after transfection with the Gβγ inhibitor βARK CT . Results S-1-P induced time-dependent PI3-K, PDK1, and akt activation. The migratory responses in both assays to S-1-P were blocked by aktI. Activation of akt and dephosphorylation of its downstream kinase, GSK3 β, were inhibited by aktI. Inhibition of PI3-K with LY294002 significantly decreased activation of both PI3-K and akt. Inhibition of Gβγ inhibited akt activation through a decrease in activation of both PI3-K and PDK1. Although inhibition of the ras with manumycin A had no effect, inhibition of rho with C3 limited activation of both PI3K and akt. PDK1 responses were unchanged by inhibition of GTPases. Inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species with N-acetylcysteine and of epidermal growth factor receptor with AG1478 inhibited PDK1 activation in response to S-1-P. Conclusion S-1-P–mediated migration is akt-dependent. S-1-P–mediated akt phosphorylation is controlled by a Gβγ-dependent PI3-K activation, which requires the GTPase rho and Gβγ. PDK1 activation requires Gβγ-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species and epidermal growth factor receptor activation.
Subglottic stenosis associated with Wegener's granulomatosis.

Objective To evaluate the outcomes of subglottic stenosis in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. Study Design Retrospective chart review. Methods A retrospective chart review was undertaken to review all patients evaluated in an otolaryngology—head and neck surgery department between 1993 and 2001 for active symptoms attributed to subglottic stenosis who had undergone cytoplasmic staining antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody and perninuclear staining antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody testing and who had a clinical diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis. Results Twenty-seven patients were identified with Wegener's granulomatosis and subglottic stenosis. Among these, 11 of 27 (40.7%) underwent tracheotomy; 13 of 27 (48.1%) required multiple surgical procedures. A history of open laryngotracheal repair was present in 7 of 27 patients (25.9%). CO2 laser resection and dilation was used in 12 of 27 patients (44.4%). Three of 27 patients (11.1%) had a tracheotomy at last follow-up. Patients were followed for an average duration of 76.8 months (6.4 y) from the onset of symptoms attributed to subglottic stenosis. All patients who underwent open laryngotracheal reconstruction had successful decannulation. Conclusions Wegener's granulomatosis is a necrotizing vasculitis that can involve the subglottis. Our approach to airway management in these patients involves a tracheotomy if obstruction occurs during acute inflammatory activity. We recommend minimizing airway manipulation during episodes of systemic disease activity. Once control of the disease process is obtained, consideration is given to either an endoscopic or an open approach based on the extent of stenosis. Either laryngotracheal reconstruction or CO2 laser resection and dilation may be undertaken with safety and should result in favorable outcomes.
Oral Manifestations in the Epidermolysis Bullosa Spectrum

The craniofacial and oral manifestations of the different epidermolysis bullosa (EB) types vary markedly in character and severity depending largely on the EB type. The tissues affected and the phenotypes displayed are closely related to the specific abnormal or absent proteins resulting from the causative genetic mutations for these disorders. In this article, the major oral manifestations are reviewed for different EB subtypes and are related to the causative genetic mutations and gene expression.
Thermodynamic parameters in the Earth as determined from seismic profiles

Summary. A Debye model using two cut-off frequencies corresponding to compressional and shear velocities is used to calculate mineral entropies. This model permits entropy and heat capacity in the Earth to be calculated from seismic profiles, and iteration yields temperature profiles along an isentrope. With an adiabatic temperature profile it is possible to obtain Griineisen’s parameter and thermal expansion as a function of depth. Only in the lower mantle is the calculated Griineisen’s parameter along an isentrope approximately proportional to volume.
The value of monogamy in emerging adulthood: A gendered perspective

Gender and gender role differences in the valuing of monogamy were examined using a sample of emerging adults currently in heterosexual dating relationships. Monogamy attitudes were measured on four dimensions: valuing emotional monogamy, valuing sexual monogamy, perceptions of monogamy as relationship-enhancing, and perceptions of monogamy as a sacrifice. Gender differences emerged, with women valuing both emotional and sexual monogamy more strongly than men. While both men and women viewed monogamy as relationship enhancing, men were more likely to view monogamy as a sacrifice. Individuals with gender roles defined by communal traits valued monogamy more highly. Each of the monogamy dimensions was significantly correlated with reported relationship satisfaction. Findings are interpreted from evolutionary and social constructionist perspectives.
Antihypertensive effect of hypophysectomy in dogs with hypertension following bilateral carotid sinus constriction.

A chronic type of experimental hypertension has been produced in dogs by bilateral sinus area constriction. Hypophysectomy has a prolonged antihypertensive effect in dogs with persistent hypertension resulting from carotid sinus area constriction, while no decrease in mean arterial pressure is seen after hypophysectomy in normotensive control dogs. These findings suggest the possibility that altered hypophyseal function participates in the pathogenesis of this type of hypertension.
A methodology for calculating the levelized cost of electricity in nuclear power systems with fuel recycling

article i nfo In this paper we show how the traditional definition of the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) can be extended to alternative nuclear fuel cycles in which elements of the fuel are recycled. In particular, we define the LCOE for a cycle with full actinide recycling in fast reactors in which elements of the fuel are reused an indefinite number of times. To our knowledge, ours is the first LCOE formula for this cycle. Others have approached the task of evaluating this cycle using an 'equilibrium cost' concept that is different from a levelized cost. We also show how the LCOE implies a unique price for the recycled elements. This price reflects the ultimate cost of waste disposal postponed through the recycling, as well as other costs in the cycle. We demonstrate the methodology by estimating the LCOE for three classic nuclear fuel cycles: (i) the traditional Once-Through Cycle, (ii) a Twice-Through Cycle, and (iii) a Fast Reactor Recycle. Given our chosen input parameters, we show that the 'equilibrium cost' is typically larger than the levelized cost, and we explain why.
Identifying translational science within the triangle of biomedicine

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Roadmap places special emphasis on “bench-to-bedside” research, or the “translation” of basic science research into practical clinical applications. The Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Consortium is one example of the large investments being made to develop a national infrastructure to support translational science, which involves reducing regulatory burdens, launching new educational initiatives, and forming partnerships between academia and industry. However, while numerous definitions have been suggested for translational science, including the qualitative T1-T4 classification, a consensus has not yet been reached. This makes it challenging to tract the impact of these major policy changes. In this study, we use a bibliometric approach to map PubMed articles onto a graph, called the Triangle of Biomedicine. The corners of the triangle represent research related to animals, cells and molecules, and humans; and, the position of a publication on the graph is based on its topics, as determined by its Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). We define translation as movement of a collection of articles, or the articles that cite those articles, towards the human corner. The Triangle of Biomedicine provides a quantitative way of determining if an individual scientist, research organization, funding agency, or scientific field is producing results that are relevant to clinical medicine. We validate our technique using examples that have been previously described in the literature and by comparing it to prior methods of measuring translational science. The Triangle of Biomedicine is a novel way to identify translational science and track changes over time. This is important to policy makers in evaluating the impact of the large investments being made to accelerate translation. The Triangle of Biomedicine also provides a simple visual way of depicting this impact, which can be far more powerful than numbers alone.
ViziCal: accurate energy expenditure prediction for playing exergames

In recent years, exercise games have been criticized for not being able to engage their players into levels of physical activity that are high enough to yield health benefits. A major challenge in the design of exergames, however, is that it is difficult to assess the amount of physical activity an exergame yields due to limitations of existing techniques to assess energy expenditure of exergaming activities. With recent advances in commercial depth sensing technology to accurately track players' motions in 3D, we present a technique called Vizical that uses a non-linear regression approach to accurately predict energy expenditure in real-time. Vizical may allow for creating exergames that can report energy expenditure while playing, and whose intensity can be adjusted in real-time to stimulate larger health benefits.
The persistence of poaching in advanced industrial society: Meanings and motivations—An introductory comment

(1998). The persistence of poaching in advanced industrial society: Meanings and motivations—An introductory comment. Society & Natural Resources: Vol. 11, The Persistence of Poaching in Advanced Industrial Society: Meanings and Motivations, pp. 5-7.
Etiquette and Effort: Holding Doors for Others

Etiquette, the customary code of polite behavior among members of a group, provides a means of conveying respect for others, but what is the basis for etiquette’s unwritten rules? Here we show that one form of etiquette, holding a door open for another person, reflects the door holder’s expectation that the person for whom he or she holds the door shares the belief that the total effort expended by the two of them will be less than the summed efforts of the two individuals acting on their own. Our observations extend recent work on effort reduction in motor control to the management of social interactions.
Introduction to Gnougat

Gnougat is an experimental system for the distribution of static file content using a fully decentralised peer-to-peer network on the Internet. The basic premise for the system is that a content-centred approach using hash keys to uniquely identify portions of files called chunks will provide more flexibility to each node in the system to act to benefit the system.
Scaling properties of attenuation and grain size

The fractal characteristics of attenuation are evaluated, and an attempt is made to establish an alternative theoretical model for ultrasonic scattering at grain boundaries. The theoretical development starts with attenuation scaled by wavelength and an inverse power law expression for the grain size distribution function. The wavelength dependence of the attenuation is found to be also an inverse power law with the same exponent as the grain size distribution function. Theoretical justifications for such a size distribution are given, as well as the representation of a 3-D self-similar size distribution in a 2-D image. >
Which Students Are Left behind? The Racial Impacts of the No Child Left Behind Act.

The No Child Left Behind Act imposes sanctions on schools if the fraction of any of five racial groups of students demonstrating proficiency on a high stakes exam falls below a statewide pass rate. This system places pressure on school administrators to redirect educational resources from groups of students likely to demonstrate proficiency towards those who are marginally below proficient. Using statewide observations of 3rd and 4th grade math tests, this paper demonstrates that students of successful racial groups at schools likely to be sanctioned gain less academically over their subsequent test year than comparable peers at passing schools. This effect is stronger at schools more likely to suffer from NCLB sanctions and is robust to corrections for non-random sample selection.
Healing A Community By Innovating At A Community Health Center

Somava Stout led care transformation at a Boston-area clinic and now spearheads implementation of the patient-centered medical home model at the Cambridge Health Alliance.
Unconventional and Unexpected: American Quilts Below the Radar 1950-2000 (Kiracofe)

This work is a book review considering the title Unconventional and Unexpected: American Quilts Below the Radar 1950-2000 by Roderick Kiracofe.
C. elegans HIM-8 functions outside of meiosis to antagonize EGL-13 Sox protein function

egl-13 encodes a Sox domain protein that is required for proper uterine seam cell development in Caenorhabditis elegans. We demonstrate that mutations of the C2H2 zinc fingers encoded by the him-8 (high incidence of males) gene partially suppress the egg-laying and connection-of-gonad morphology defects caused by incompletely penetrant alleles of egl-13. him-8 alleles have previously characterized recessive effects on recombination and segregation of the X chromosome during meiosis due to failure of X chromosome homolog pairing and subsequent synapsis. However, we show that him-8 alleles are semi-dominant suppressors of egl-13, and the semi-dominant effect is due to haplo-insufficiency of the him-8 locus. Thus, we conclude that the wild-type him-8 gene product acts antagonistically to EGL-13. Null alleles of egl-13 cannot be suppressed, suggesting that this antagonistic interaction most likely occurs either upstream of or in parallel with EGL-13. Moreover, we conclude that suppression of egl-13 is due to a meiosis-independent function of him-8 because suppression is observed in mutants that have severely reduced meiotic germ cell populations and suppression does not depend on the function of him-8 in the maternal germ line. We also show that the chromosomal context of egl-13 seems important in the him-8 suppression mechanism. Interactions between these genes can give insight into function of Sox family members, which are important in many aspects of metazoan development, and into functions of him-8 outside of meiosis.
Tractable Algorithm for Open Loop Stochastic Control

We present a fast numerical algorithm for open loop control of stochastic differential equations (SDEs). The major difference between this approach and standard stochastic control is that the control process is a deterministic function of time, and not a fully stochastic adapted process. This results in a tremendous gain in computational tractability: the complexity of our algorithm scales as the complexity of optimal control of ordinary differential equations. The algorithm computes the gradient of the cost function with respect to the control function via Monte Carlo sampling of the pathwise gradient. The pathwise gradient is itself computed by solving a set of forward-backward discretized SDEs. Two types of applications are investigated: stochastic system identification and parametric closed loop design.
Heat Kernels for Non-Rigid Shape Retrieval: Sparse Representation and Efficient Classification

One of the major goals of computer vision and machine intelligence is the development of flexible and efficient methods for shape representation. This paper presents an approach for shape retrieval based on sparse representation of scale-invariant heat kernel. We use the Lap lace-Beltrami eigen functions to detect a small number of critical points on the shape surface. Then a shape descriptor is formed based on the heat kernels at the detected critical points for different scales, combined with the normalized eigen values of the Lap lace-Beltrami operator. Sparse representation is used to reduce the dimensionality of the calculated descriptor. The proposed descriptor is used for classification via the collaborative representation-based classification with regularized least square algorithm. We compare our approach to two well-known approaches on two different data sets: the nonrigid world data set and the SHREC 2011. The results have indeed confirmed the improved performance of the proposed approach, yet reducing the time and space complicity of the shape retrieval problem.
Traffic classification and observer design of cable networks

Our previous work suggests that the current congestion controls for cable networks are inadequate when network participants act strategically. A feedback control could result in greater utilization and fairness of cable networks. In order to design a controller for a network, an observer is needed to evaluate the current network state and traffic flows. This paper proposes an observer model and design for cable networks. The observer design is recast into an online traffic classification problem. Using dynamic network traffic phases observed through simulation, the network classifier is designed with a hidden Markov model to determine the network states.
Education and Economic Development in Africa

: This paper uses panel data from two new data sets on educational attainment to investigate the effects of education on several development outcomes in African countries. I find that education has a positive and significant impact on these development outcomes. I also find that different levels of education affect development outcomes differently; for some development outcomes, primary and secondary education may be more important than tertiary education, while for some development outcomes, such as income growth rate, tertiary education may be more important. The results of this paper have implications for development policy in African countries.
Soft error modeling, simulation, and testing at advanced technology nodes

As feature sizes decrease, soft errors are expected to become the dominant failure mechanisms for integrated circuits. This paper discusses the challenges that design and reliability engineers will face with the manufacture and test of ICs at advanced technology nodes.
Delirium screening anchored in child development: The Cornell Assessment for Pediatric Delirium.

Objective: The recently validated Cornell Assessment for Pediatric Delirium (CAPD) is a new rapid bedside nursing screen for delirium in hospitalized children of all ages. The present manuscript provides a “developmental anchor points” reference chart, which helps ground clinicians' assessment of CAPD symptom domains in a developmental understanding of the presentation of delirium. Method: During the development of this CAPD screening tool, it became clear that clinicians need specific guidance and training to help them draw on their expertise in child development and pediatrics to improve the interpretative reliability of the tool and its accuracy in diagnosing delirium. The developmental anchor points chart was formulated and reviewed by a multidisciplinary panel of experts to evaluate content validity and include consideration of sick behaviors within a hospital setting. Results: The CAPD developmental anchor points for the key ages of newborn, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, 28 weeks, 1 year, and 2 years served as the basis for training bedside nurses in scoring the CAPD for the validation trial and as a multifaceted bedside reference chart to be implemented within a clinical setting. In the current paper, we discuss the lessons learned during implementation, with particular emphasis on the importance of collaboration with the bedside nurse, the challenges of establishing a developmental baseline, and further questions about delirium diagnosis in children. Significance of Results: The CAPD with developmental anchor points provides a validated, structured, and developmentally informed approach to screening and assessment of delirium in children. With minimal training on the use of the tool, bedside nurses and other pediatric practitioners can reliably identify children at risk for delirium.
Animal Models for Affective Disorders

This chapter begins the second section of the book, which is organized around four case examples, or illustrations, of psychopathological syndromes for which animal models have been proposed. The four clinical syndromes covered are affective disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, and alcoholism.
Expression of the bilateral deficit during reflexively evoked contractions

During maximal contractions, the sum of forces exerted by homonymous muscles unilaterally is typically larger than the sum of forces exerted by the same muscles bilaterally. This phenomenon is know...
Funding US higher education: policy making theories reviewed

Higher education policy and politics in the United States (US) has been an issue of studies for several decades. Since the 1960s, researchers have been attempting to understand, explain and extrapolate on the relationships between higher education funding and political institutions. This review attempts to assess recent studies concerned with US higher education funding policies. Specifically, research undertaken for this paper followed McLendon’s (2003) suggestion for organising research studies according to four areas of contemporary political science research lines: (a) principal–agent theory, (b) policy process theories, (c) policy innovation and diffusion theory, and (d) comparative perspectives on government political systems. The studies selected for this review advance our knowledge of the forces that drive policies as well as address the issues that higher education institutions are facing: accountability, affordability and access.
Detection of acrylamide using a biodegradable zein-based sensor with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Abstract In this study, a biodegradable zein/gold SERS platform was tested as a potential tool to detect acrylamide for the first time. It was found that the presence of acrylamide resulted in a characteristic marker SERS peak that did not exist in the background SERS spectrum of the sensor. This unique peak was at 1447 cm−1. This peak was used to detect and quantify acrylamide in aqueous solutions and a calibration curve was obtained using acrylamide solutions within the range of 10 mg/ml and 10 μg/ml. After 10 μg/ml of concentration, it was not possible to make reliable measurements. The error or variation for each concentration in the range of 0.4 mg/ml (for 1 mg/ml) – 1.8 mg/ml (for 10 mg/ml) was observed. SERS was found to be an accurate technique for quantification purposes, in the concentration range studied. The calibration curve had an R2 value of 0.93 and 0.97 (for log–log calibration curve). This was a proof-of-concept study to investigate the potential of a SERS sensor designed on a biodegradable platform and it was shown that this method can be potentially used with a careful design of acrylamide extraction from food samples.
Establishing a Legacy: Considerations for Retiring Leaders:

A follow-up survey of leadership staffing shows that nearly 80% of pharmacy leaders (pharmacy directors, deans, faculty, managers, and supervisors) are retiring in the next 10 years. Those who are delaying retirement are opting for part-time consulting work, traditional staff pharmacy jobs, or partial teaching appointments. There are various ways for leaders to transition into retirement; this transition can be early, delayed, or completed in a step-wise manner. Planning effectively for retirement in regard to finances and living situation is a first step to being able to make a contribution in retirement. Retirement can be an important time to continue making a difference in health system pharmacy through pharmacy education, practice, consulting, research, scholarship, and philanthropy. Whatever aspect the retiring pharmacy leader chooses, they can continue to make a difference by influencing other leaders in their mission to develop patient-centered pharmacy services.
Complete voltage recovery in quantum dot solar cells due to suppression of electron capture

Extensive investigations in recent years have shown that addition of quantum dots (QDs) to a single-junction solar cell decreases the open circuit voltage, VOC, with respect to the reference cell without QDs. Despite numerous efforts, the complete voltage recovery in QD cells has been demonstrated only at low temperatures. To minimize the VOC reduction, we propose and investigate a new approach that combines nanoscale engineering of the band structure and the potential profile. Our studies of GaAs solar cells with various InAs QD media demonstrate that the main cause of the VOC reduction is the fast capture of photoelectrons from the GaAs conduction band (CB) to the localized states in QDs. As the photoelectron capture into QDs is mainly realized via the wetting layers (WLs), we substantially reduced the WLs using two monolayer AlAs capping of QDs. In the structures with reduced WLs, the direct CB-to-QD capture is further suppressed due to charging of QDs via doping of the interdot space. The QD devices with suppressed photoelectron capture show the same VOC as the GaAs reference cell together with some improvements in the short circuit current.
Stupid Little Automata

ABSTRACTNature has long served as an inspiration for the complexity of computation. But the goal of using digital tools is not in fact to replicate nature the way it exists but to produce new architectural scenarios. With the widespread use of computers in architectural design in the last two decades, the computer has passed from being a tool that would aid in the representation of architecture to one that generates architecture, form and culture. This article investigates the research conducted by cybernetician Gordon Pask on slime mold in the early 1960s and how he modeled life growth processes with computationally based cellular automata. There has been a resurgence of interest in cellular automata in recent digital experimentation and new collaborations between architects and scientists are on the rise. LabStudio, led by architect Jenny Sabin and biologist Peter Lloyd Jones, provides an exemplary case study.
Hormone fuel interrelationships during alcohol hypoglycemia in man.

SummaryBasal serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) levels fell promptly and in parallel with the decline observed in circulating glucose levels when alcohol was administered intravenously to fasting man. Hypoglycemia and the decrease in basal insulin secretion were associated with an initial transient increment in growth hormone levels and sustained lipolysis manifested by increased free fatty acid, glycerol and acetoacetate concentrations. These findings may result from activation of the sympathetic nervous system which is known to be operative in other hypoglycemic states.
Reproductive performance in the microphthalmic rat.

SummarySV-40 virus elicits a fulminant cytolytic effect in a serial line of rabbit kidney cells (MA-111). One AGMK infective dose is sufficient to produce definite CPE in MA-111 within an incubation time similar to or even shorter than in AGMK cells. Virus and CF antigen yields in MA-111 approach those in cells of African green monkey origin.
Detailed Modeling of Structure and Deformation of Glassy Polymers

The molecular structure of macromolecules determines to a very large extent the macroscopic properties of the polymers they make up, and delimits what variations in properties can potentially be effected by processing. It is, therefore, important to understand and to be able to reliably predict the relevant properties of polymers and the limits of these properties upon treatment from the knowledge of the molecular structure of the constituent chains. For many properties of amorphous polymeric glasses correlations have been introduced in the last decades; some of them have been very useful [1–3], but they lack basic understanding of the processes and mechanisms operative in the generation of the properties in question. Their application is, by definition, limited to interpolation in that part of “chemical structure space” used as basis for the correlation. Prediction implies the power of extrapolation and, consequently, some use of first-principle methods. Remarkably little such work [1, 4–6] has been done to date on amorphous polymeric glasses. We have recently begun to investigate the atomistic-level modeling of structure and properties of amorphous, “fully relaxed” polymeric glasses [7–9].
Exploring an Ecological Model of Perceived Usability Within a Multi-Tiered Vocabulary Intervention

The present study examines an ecological model for intervention use to explain student vocabulary performance in a multi-tiered intervention setting. A teacher self-report measure composed of facto...
Numerical Simulation on Separation of Solid with Liquid and Sedimentation of Red Mud in a Flat Bottom Thickener

The solid-liquid separation process in an alumina red mud flat bottom thickener with the diameter of 40 m was simulated using the commercial CFD software Fluent and combining the simplified 3-D Eulerian two-phase model, realizable k-e turbulence model and SIMPLE algorithm. The flow patterns and solid red mud distribution in the thickener were analyzed and the arrangements for the overflow weir and feed inlet for feedwell proposed. The simulation results were verified by field measurements. Further simulation was carried out based on the optimum proposal. Combined with the self-defined evaluation criteria, the obtained results indicated that the solid concentration of overflow was decreased by 84.3% when the overflow weir was removed. And the fluid volume fraction lying in 60～64 g/L in the feedwell was increased from 3.70% to 14.36% after adopting the self-sucking jet pipe in the feed pipe, which could elevate the homogeneity of solid distribution in the feedwell, and enhance the sedimentation efficiency in the red mud thickener.
Analysis on Abnormal Action of Generator Frequency Protection in Load Rejection Test

Based on the abnormal action of generator frequency protection in the load rejection test in a power plant,this paper analyzes the causes and the different influences of the over-frequency and low frequency on the generator,puts forward the improvement measures of setting configuration of abnormal frequency protection.
Prosthetic valve endocarditis. The case for prompt valve replacement

Treatment of patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis with existing guidelines has failed to reduce the over-all mortality rate to below 50 per cent. However, subgroups with high or lower risk of death can be delineated on the basis of risk factors such as early onset following surgery, high-risk causative organisms, cardiodynamic failure, and septic emboli. High-risk patients comprise more than 70 per cent of those with prosthetic valve endocarditis in recent series. Analysis of previously reported series indicates that the mortality rate for high-risk patients with late onset of prosthetic valve endocarditis treated by valve replacement was less than that of patients receiving only medical therapy. We have treated 6 consecutive patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis (3 early onset, 3 late onset) by valve replacement before completion of a course of antibiotics. All patients survived surgery but one patient died after 4½ months of noninfectious causes. Prompt valve replacement is technically feasible and should become the standard therapy for patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis who do not fall into the lower risk group.
Direct Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction

The field of sex therapy is one in which practical applications have been much more emphasized than basic research. Paradoxically, sex therapy consists of a variety of procedures that are demonstrably effective, but the reasons for this effectiveness are not known. Thus, different therapists use very different theoretical viewpoints to “explain” why their sex therapy procedures work. In this chapter, an attempt is made to find the common elements in different sex therapy programs, and so arrive at a set of common basic principles of sex therapy. In addition, this chapter provides a brief overview and summary of the etiology and treatment of the common sexual dysfunctions that are more thoroughly discussed in other chapters of this volume.
Leveraging the Full Potential of Clinical Registries

The promise of clinical registries lies in their ability to guide clinical practice with valid, specific, and high-quality information. While registries vary in their design and purpose, most are structured systems that compile organized clinical data for a given disease or groups of diseases. Participating institutions send information on patients to central repositories. By systematically collecting data on key variables, it is possible to assess how differences in disease features, patient characteristics, and treatment all impact outcomes. This can improve our understanding of disease epidemiology, biology, outcomes, and prognosis. Ideally it, can also allow real-time feedback for identification of optimal treatments and areas for improvement [1]. In an era of increased scrutiny of health care expenditures, such registries may serve as benchmarks upon which health care agencies base reimbursement rates and penalties for services rendered. For example, provisions contained within the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 require US providers to participate in a merit-based payment incentive system. Beginning in 2019, US providers may be rewarded by up to 27% or penalized by up to 9% according to their compliance with evidence-based reporting metrics, many of which rely on registry-based data [2]. There are widely known critiques of registry-based data sets. The registry design and participating institutions may limit the generalizability of findings derived from such data. There is the possibility of loss of data fidelity as patient information is abstracted from the medical record and transmitted. As with any observational data, there is also the possibility of unmeasured variables, which may confound a putative correlation between exposures and outcomes. Despite these issues, pioneering attempts to use registry data to improve care have yielded promising results. In Sweden, feedback using national prostate cancer registries
speak for England

Statesmen and others who never learnt or forgot anything, stirred Taylor to dissent, and to admire those who dissented against them. As a diplomatic historian, he was particularly interested in foreign policy dissenters, and he also had a few things to say about the guardians of diplomatic archives who, he complained, took it upon themselves to keep their treasures from the prying eyes of diplomatic historians. Dissent had always been a part of Taylor’s life, at least since he repudiated the Diety as a schoolboy in York. He had campaigned against Baldwin’s Austrian policy in 1934, against appeasement in 1938, and argued the cause of the Slavs against the Germans throughout the 1940s. By his own admission, he was further left in those years, more radical than at any time in his life. However, also by his own admission, he was ‘far more concerned to be a good technical historian’, and was only ‘radical in my response when something came up’.1
The Role of Discrepancy-Associated Affect in Prejudice Reduction

Publisher Summary This chapter presents evidence to support the argument that the self-generated affect that follows from violations of nonprejudiced values plays an important role in the future control and regulation of stereotype-based responses The first step in the prejudice reduction process involves establishing and internalizing nonprejudiced standards and values. However, adopting nonprejudiced standards is not equivalent to overcoming prejudice. Despite the fact that stereotype-based responses are viewed as inappropriate once nonprejudiced values are established, such responses are extremely difficult to avoid. The chapter reviews research relevant to people's experienced difficulties in trying to avoid stereotypical responses and their affective reactions to their failures to avoid such responses. It presents the theoretical rationale for understanding why and how affect plays a role in the prejudice reduction process.
Abstract 5100: Interplay between ECM stiffness, miR-203 and mammographic density

High mammographic density (MD) is associated with a greater risk of breast cancer and is characterized by high extracellular matrix (ECM) collagen. Elevated collagen increases ECM stiffness and can promote the malignant transformation of oncogenically-primed mammary epithelial cells in culture and in vivo. Whether or not high MD reflects a breast stroma that is stiff and if ECM stiffness accounts for the elevated breast cancer risk in high MD tissue has yet to be resolved. To address this question we are conducting a comprehensive biophysical and molecular analysis of BIRADS status in prophylactic mastectomies in women with low (BIRADS 1) versus high MD (BIRADS 4). Data revealed that the intra-lobular ECM associated with the terminal end-buds contains anisotropic compliant and relaxed collagen fibrils. By contrast, the inter-lobular ECM contains stiff, oriented collagen fibrils. Preliminary data suggest that the ECM associated with the terminal end-buds in the upper outer quadrant may be stiffer in women with high MD as compared to low MD. These same tissues also expressed lower levels of the microRNA miR-203, which has been implicated in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inhibition. Consistently, in vitro studies revealed that miR-203 was repressed in MECs cultured on a stiff ECM. We also found that a stiffened mammary ECM decreased miR-203 expression and promoted an EMT. Additionally, inhibiting ECM stiffening restored miR-203 levels and reduced an EMT. Moreover and importantly, we showed that triple negative breast tumors that often express EMT markers have reduced miR-203 levels. Studies are underway to elaborate these preliminary findings and to assess their clinical relevance. (This work is supported by the: NIH NSRA T32 CA 108462-11 to Ivory Dean, Susan G Komen PDF12230246 to Irene Acerbi, W81XWH-13-1-0216, USMRAA DOD-BCRP BC122990, NIH R01 CA138818-01A1 and NIH R01 CA192914-01 to Valerie Weaver.) Citation Format: Ivory Dean, Irene Acerbi, Alfred Au, Yunn-Yi Chen, Shelley Hwang, Valerie Weaver. Interplay between ECM stiffness, miR-203 and mammographic density. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 5100.
Editor Response: Retraction: Risedronate Therapy For Prevention Of Hip Fracture After Stroke In Elderly Women; Risedronate Therapy For Prevention Of Hip Fracture After Stroke In Elderly Women: Reply From The Authors

Dr. Kappos raises an important point in his comment on the retraction of 3 publications by Sato et al.1–3 Current Neurology® authorship criteria are outlined in our Information for Authors and were discussed in part in an editorial for BMJ .4 They are designed to prevent guest or ghost authorship and require each author to sign forms describing his or her contributions to the study or the manuscript. At the time the articles by Sato et al. were published, the corresponding author was trusted to provide the author list according to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors criteria, but coauthor forms were obtained and retained by the corresponding author. Thus, it was difficult for journal staff to identify honorary authors.
Project management for digital projects with collaborators beyond the library

ABSTRACTLibrarians are increasingly embracing project management to guide their work outside of routine library operations. Some humanities scholars, too, especially within the digital humanities community, are bringing project management techniques to bear on scholarly digital projects. We argue that librarians and their diverse collaborators can apply project management practices to a broad range of research, teaching, and learning projects with collaborators beyond the library. Two case studies illustrate this argument, one from each author's experience: creating a community biodiversity wiki for West-Central Florida and redesigning an interdisciplinary first-year seminar around creating 3-D models of historic Venetian buildings.