cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Discrepancies in recording systolic blood pressure of elderly persons by ambulatory blood pressure monitor.

Agreements between auscultatory blood pressure measurements and recordings of the Suntech Accutracker II ambulatory blood pressure monitor (ABPM) were examined in 103 participants ages 23 through 91 to estimate influence of age on accuracy of automated recordings. Simultaneous auscultation by two technicians and recording by the ABPM were compared. Technicians demonstrated close agreement in auscultation of blood pressure. Mean systolic blood pressure measured by ABPM was 5.6 mm Hg lower and mean ABPM diastolic blood pressure was 6.3 mm Hg lower than average auscultatory blood pressure measured by technicians (P less than .0001). Discrepancies in systolic blood pressure measurements between technicians and ABPM were associated with age and systolic blood pressure. The age effect, controlled for gender and race, was a 0.15 mm Hg increase in systolic blood pressure discrepancy per year of age. Discrepancies in diastolic blood pressure measurements were associated with race but not with age or body size measurements. Automated recordings of blood pressure by this ABPM may have systematic bias compared to auscultation which exceeds current standards for ABPM instrumentation. For systolic blood pressure, this bias increases with age and may affect interpretation of ABPM recordings in elderly persons.
Community-based buprenorphine treatment program in Baltimore City: Reaching an underserved population

s / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 140 (2014) e2–e85 e59 Conclusions: This presentation will focus on the process of game and intervention development including multidisciplinary team building, focus groups, manual, story and videogame development, andwill include video and screenshots from the game and describe a future randomized clinical trial. Financial support: Supported by R01HD062080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.02.179 Community-based buprenorphine treatment program in Baltimore City: Reaching an underserved population M. Fingerhood1, Pia M. Mauro2, D. Agus3,2, Amina A. Chaudhry1 1 Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States 2 Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltmore, MD, United States 3 Behavioral Health Leadership Institute, Baltimore,
Why the club of earth

Recently, a small group of ecologists and evolutionary biologists anointed themselves The Club of Earth and made a public pronouncement on the importance of preserving biological diversity. For me, the most frequent result of being a member has been a series of queries about why the group had been formed.
Classification of hyperspectral imagery for identifying fecal and ingesta contaminants

This paper presents the research results of the performance of classification methods for hyperspectral poultry imagery to identify fecal and ingesta contaminants on the surface of broiler carcasses. A pushbroom line-scan hyperspectral imager was used to acquire hyperspectral data with 512 narrow bands covered from 400 to 900 nm wavelengths. Three different feces from digestive tracts (duodenum, ceca, colon), and ingesta were used as contaminants. These contaminants were collected from the broiler carcasses fed by corn, milo, and wheat with soybean meals. For the selection of optimum classifier, various widely used supervised classification methods (parallelepiped, minimum distance, Mahalanobis distance, maximum likelihood, spectral angle mapper, and binary coding) were investigated. The classification accuracies ranged from 62.94% to 92.27%. The highest classification accuracy for identifying contaminants for corn fed carcasses was 92.27% with spectral angle mapper classifier. While, the classification accuracy was 82.02% with maximum likelihood method for milo fed carcasses and 91.16% accuracy was obtained for wheat fed carcasses when same classification method was used. The mean classification accuracy obtained in this study for classifying fecal and ingesta contaminants was 90.21%.
Merlin's tumor suppression linked to inhibition of the E3 ubiquitin ligase CRL4DCAF1

The mechanism by which the FERM domain protein Merlin, encoded by the tumor suppressor NF2, restrains cell proliferation is poorly understood. Prior studies have suggested that Merlin exerts its antimitogenic effect by interacting with multiple signaling proteins located at or close to the plasma membrane. We have recently observed that Merlin translocates into the nucleus and binds to and inhibits the E3 ubiquitin ligase CRL4 (DCAF1) . Genetic evidence indicates that inactivation of Merlin induces oncogenic gene expression, hyperproliferation, and tumorigenicity by unleashing the activity of CRL4 (DCAF1) . In addition to providing a potential explanation for the diverse effects that loss of Merlin exerts in multiple cell types, these findings suggest that compounds inhibiting CRL4 (DCAF1) may display therapeutic efficacy in Neurofibromatosis type 2 and other cancers driven by Merlin inactivation.
Chemical ionization of the nitrate ester explosives EGDN and PETN by trimethylsilyl cation and comparison of the reactivity of nitrate ester and nitro explosives toward trimethylsilyl cation

Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry has been used to examine the reactions of Si(CH_3)_3)^+ with EGDN and PETN. In addition, the reactions of Si(CH_3)_3^+ with EGDN and PETN was examined in a magnetic sector mass spectrometer. No adduct formation was observed with either EGDN or PETN in the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer, but characteristic fragment ions are seen. Both EGDN and PETN form adducts with Si(CH_3)_3^+ in the sector mass spectrometer. The bimolecular rate constant for the reaction of Si(CH_3)_3^+ with EGDN is measured to be 0.91 × 10^(−10) cm^3 s^(−1) molecule^(−1), and the bimolecular rate constant for the reaction of Si(CH_3)_3^+ with PETN is estimated to be 8 × 10^(−10) cm^3 s^(−1) molecule^−1). Collision-induced dissociation experiments were performed on the major fragment ion products to characterize the observed fragmentation patterns. The fragment ions observed in both cases are characteristic of each explosive and could be useful in the analytical detection and identification of EGDN and especially PETN. Reaction coordinate diagrams for the reactions of EGDN and PETN with Si(CH3)3+ are derived (from known thermochemistry and semi-empirical calculations on the involved species). The reactivity of nitro and nitrate ester explosives with Si(CH_3)_3^+ is compared and reasons for their different chemical behavior are discussed.
Reproductive state but not recent aggressive experience influences behavioral consistency in male Siamese fighting fish

Consistent individual differences in behavior imply that individuals act in the same manner every time they encounter a situation while differing from others. While these differences occur in a variety of contexts in a wide range of organisms, how recent experience affects behavioral consistency remains underexplored. Male Siamese fighting fish exhibit consistent individual differences in behavior when both a male and a female are present. However, whether these responses can be shaped by immediate recent aggressive experience is unknown. In this study, males first were presented with paired dummy male and female conspecifics after they had been isolated to obtain a baseline, no-experience measure. Males then won and lost fights and were retested with the dummies after each fight. These three experience types (no, win, loss) occurred both when males did and did not have nests to determine the effects of nest presence, experience, and the interaction between these factors on behavioral consistency. Overall behavior did not change based on experience with the exception of male-directed tail beats. Repeatability values were affected more by having a nest than fight outcome. This study demonstrates that consistent individual differences in behavior to conflicting stimuli are fairly resistant to short-term aggressive experiential effects.
Composition of milk fat globules with increased linoleic acid

Comparisons were made of the composition and distribution of the lipids in fat globules from conventional milks and polyunsaturated milks produced by cows fed protected lipid supplement. Washed creams were prepared from the milks of three individual cows fed a conventional ration, and three fed a protected sunflower-soybean supplement rich in linoleic acid. The washed creams were fractionated by treatment with sodium deoxycholate and centrifugation. Each washed cream and four fractions (designated as outer globule membrane, inner membrane, pellet, and globule core) were analyzed for protein, lipid, phospholipid, cholesterol, tocopherols, carotenoids, and fatty acid composition. The outer and inner membrane fractions were further fractionated into neutral and polar (phospholipid) lipid classes by thin layer chromatography. For both types of washed cream the approximate weight distribution of total solids was: outer membrane, 1%; inner membrane, 2%; pellet, 0.1%; and core, 96%. The percentages of protein, phospholipid, cholesterol, and carotenoids were all lower in the polyunsaturated than in the conventional creams. In the polyunsaturated creams, the percentages of both saturated and unsaturated C18 acids were higher, and of acids of C16 and shorter chain length lower, than in the conventional creams. The phospholipids in the outer and inner membranes from the polyunsaturated milks had larger proportions of linoleic acid than did the phospholipids from the conventional milks. However, this increase in unsaturation was less than that of the core neutral lipids. Pancreatic lipase hydrolysis of the core fractions showed that the increased linoleic acid was introduced preferentially at the 2-position of the triglycerides. In general, the observed changes in physical properties and in susceptibility of polyunsaturated milk to the development of oxidized flavor are consistent with the differences in the relative proportions of the various classes of lipids in the conventional and polyunsaturated milks.
Maraviroc: in vitro assessment of drug–drug interaction potential

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THE SUBJECT • Maraviroc is known to undergo oxidative metabolism in vivo and is a substrate for cytochrome P450 (CYP). • Simcyp™ has recently become more widely used for the prediction of CYP-mediated drug–drug interactions (DDIs) using in vitro metabolism data. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • Maraviroc has been identified as a CYP3A4 substrate and the kinetic constants characterized. • The predicted DDIs associated with maraviroc as a CYP3A4 substrate using Simcyp™ have been compared against the clinical data. • This study demonstrates the value of a reliable Simcyp™ model for prediction of DDIs. AIMS To characterize the cytochrome P450 enzyme(s) responsible for the N-dealkylation of maraviroc in vitro, and predict the extent of clinical drug–drug interactions (DDIs). METHODS Human liver and recombinant CYP microsomes were used to identify the CYP enzyme responsible for maraviroc N-dealkylation. Studies comprised enzyme kinetics and evaluation of the effects of specific CYP inhibitors. In vitro data were then used as inputs for simulation of DDIs with ketoconazole, ritonavir, saquinavir and atazanvir, using the Simcyp™ population-based absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) simulator. Study designs for simulations mirrored those actually used in the clinic. RESULTS Maraviroc was metabolized to its N-dealkylated product via a single CYP enzyme characterized by a Km of 21 µM and Vmax of 0.45 pmol pmol−1 min−1 in human liver microsomes and was inhibited by ketoconazole (CYP3A4 inhibitor). In a panel of recombinant CYP enzymes, CYP3A4 was identified as the major CYP responsible for maraviroc metabolism. Using recombinant CYP3A4, N-dealkylation was characterized by a Km of 13 µM and a Vmax of 3 pmol pmol−1 CYP min−1. Simulations therefore focused on the effect of CYP3A4 inhibitors on maraviroc pharmacokinetics. The simulated median AUC ratios were in good agreement with observed clinical changes (within twofold in all cases), although, in general, there was a trend for overprediction in the magnitude of the DDI. CONCLUSION Maraviroc is a substrate for CYP3A4, and exposure will therefore be modulated by CYP3A4 inhibitors. Simcyp™ has successfully simulated the extent of clinical interactions with CYP3A4 inhibitors, further validating this software as a good predictor of CYP-based DDIs.
A cell dynamical system model of chemical turbulence

A cellular-automaton-like caricature of chemical turbulence on an infinite one-dimensional lattice is studied. The model exhibits apparently “turbulent” space-time patterns. To make this statement precise, the following problems or points are discussed: (1) The infinite-system-size limit of such cell-dynamical systems and its observability is defined. (2) It is proved that the invariant state in the large-system-size limit of the “turbulent” phase exhibits spatial patterns governed by a Gibbs random field. (3) Potential characteristics of “turbulent” space-time patterns are critically surveyed and a working definition of (weak) turbulence is proposed. (4) It is proved that the invariant state of the ‘turbulent” phase is actually (weak) turbulent. Furthermore, we conjecture that the turbulent phase of our model is an example of a K system that is not Bernoulli.
Buffering Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Bundle Interconnects for Timing Optimization

As prevailing copper interconnect technology advances to its fundamental physical limit, interconnect delay due to ever-increasing wire resistivity has greatly limited the circuit miniaturization. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) bundle interconnects have emerged as a promising replacement material for copper interconnects due to their superior conductivity. Previous works have focused on studying device and interconnect modeling for bundled SWCNTs while none of them consider deployment of such an advanced technology into VLSI physical design. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this paper develops the first physical design technique for the interconnect optimization using carbon nanotube interconnects. We propose a timing driven buffer insertion technique for bundled SWCNTs, where the standard buffering algorithm has been enhanced to accommodate some features in the SWCNT timing modelling. Our experimental results on a set of scaled industrial nets at 22nm technology demonstrate that compared to copper buffering, CNT buffering can save over 50% buffer area with the same timing constraint. In addition, CNT buffering can effectively reduce the delay by up to 32%. Further, CNT buffering runs in time similar to copper buffering.
Fractionation of the Motor Unit during Repetitive Response to Prostigmine

RECENT work has demonstrated fractionation of the action potential of the single motor unit of the rat gastrocnemius into anatomically unidentified sub-units1. The temporal sequence of firing of these sub-units can be altered by intravenous administration of curare or decamethonium. These drugs, by reducing the end-plate potential, increase the latency of appearance of the propagated spike of some, but not all, of the sub-units which comprise the action potential of the single motor unit. When the time of rise for the end-plate potential of the sub-unit is sufficiently prolonged, the propagated spike of the sub-unit disappears2, and the total unit potential is reduced. In order to evaluate the effect of prostigmine on the single motor unit, the work reported here was undertaken.
Lorenz curves, inequality, and social welfare under changing population composition

Abstract This paper analyzes the effects of population growth and other demographic changes on the distribution of income by examining Lorenz curves and generalized Lorenz curves produced from combinations of income distributions. The paper shows that when subpopulations have equal means, a number of simple conditions govern the position of the Lorenz curve for the combined population relative to the Lorenz curves for the subpopulations. These conditions become less regular when the subpopulations have different means, and suggest that a combined distribution will almost never Lorenz-dominate an original distribution. Implications of the results for intertemporal comparisons of social welfare and inequality are discussed. The results are illustrated by comparing income distributions across generations in Brazil.
Outcomes of traumatic exposure

There is a great need to recognize, prevent, reduce, or treat the immediate and long-term effects of childhood trauma. Most children affected by trauma will not develop long-term posttraumatic sequelae due to their resilience, but comorbid psychopathological outcomes occur and are more common after exposure to severe traumatic events. Factors influencing posttraumatic outcomes are numerous. Young dependent children tend to be more susceptible than older children; children with pain or injury are also more susceptible. Psychopathological effects may not be evident until adulthood. Awareness of the range of adverse outcomes underscores the importance of preventive interventions, accurate assessment, diagnosis and where possible, treatment. Advocacy and public policy initiatives are essential to improving outcomes.
Impulse response and transient near-field of a Hertzian dipole

Most part of the radiation theory has been developed in the frequency domain. There have been different researchers who worked on the antenna theory in the time domain in the past as well. The main question still is: how an antenna radiates? The radiation mechanism, near-field, and energy flow have been studied in the frequency domain for single frequency cases. One needs to study all the above for a wideband signal in the time domain. In the other hand, we need to understand the transient state of an antenna in the near and far zone. We also want to demonstrate the reactive energy density and the radiation power flow for a short pulse in the near zone as well.
The Brain's Visual World: Representation of Visual Targets in Cerebral Cortex

Microelectrode recordings from behaving monkeys have shown that neuronal responses in the visual cerebral cortex can depend greatly on which aspect of the scene is the target of the animal's attention. Accumulating evidence suggests that while the early stages of the visual pathway provide a faithful representation of the retinal image, later stages of processing in the visual cortex hold representations that emphasize the viewer's current interest. By filtering out irrelevant signals and adding information about objects whose presence is remembered or inferred, the cortex creates an edited representation of the visual world that is dynamically modified to suit the immediate goals of the viewer.
On the Stochastic Theory of Neutron Transport

We consider the probability, pn(R,tf; ,,t), that in a multiplying system, a neutron with position , velocity , at time t leads to exactly n neutrons in region R of , space at time tf. By formulatin...
Influence of Cocaine History on the Behavioral Effects of Dopamine D 3 Receptor-Selective Compounds in Monkeys

Although dopamine D3 receptors have been associated with cocaine abuse, little is known about the consequences of chronic cocaine on functional activity of D3 receptor-preferring compounds. This study examined the behavioral effects of D3 receptor-selective 4-phenylpiperazines with differing in vitro functional profiles in adult male rhesus monkeys with a history of cocaine self-administration and controls. In vitro assays found that PG 619 (N-(3-hydroxy-4-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-4-(pyridin-2-yl)benzamide HCl) was a potent D3 antagonist in the mitogenesis assay, but a fully efficacious agonist in the adenylyl cyclase assay, NGB 2904 (N-(4-(4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-9H-fluorene-2-carboxamide HCl) was a selective D3 antagonist, whereas CJB 090 (N-(4-(4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-4-(pyridin-2-yl)benzamide HCl) exhibited a partial agonist profile in both in vitro assays. In behavioral studies, the D3 preferential agonist quinpirole (0.03–1.0 mg/kg, i.v.) dose-dependently elicited yawns in both groups of monkeys. PG 619 and CJB 090 elicited yawns only in monkeys with an extensive history of cocaine, whereas NGB 2904 did not elicit yawns, but did antagonize quinpirole and PG 619-elicited yawning in cocaine-history monkeys. In another experiment, doses of PG 619 that elicited yawns did not alter response rates in monkeys self-administering cocaine (0.03–0.3 mg/kg per injection). Following saline extinction, cocaine (0.1 mg/kg) and quinpirole (0.1 mg/kg), but not PG 619 (0.1 mg/kg), reinstated cocaine-seeking behavior. When given before a cocaine prime, PG 619 decreased cocaine-elicited reinstatement. These findings suggest that (1) an incongruence between in vitro and in vivo assays, and (2) a history of cocaine self-administration can affect in vivo efficacy of D3 receptor-preferring compounds PG 619 and CJB 090, which appear to be dependent on the behavioral assay.
Structural and Spectral Analyses of 2-[(2-Benzothiazolylmethyl)thio]-benzenamine and 2-[(2-Benzothiazolylmethyl)thio]-benzenamine hydrobromide.

2-[2-benzothiazoylmethyl)thio]-benzenamine, which was first reported in 1898, was isolated from the reaction of bromoacetyl bromide and 2-aminothiophenol [1]. The product crystallized from an aqueous methanol solution of the reaction mixture to which nickel(II) acetate had been added. 2-[(2-benzothiazolylmethyl)thio]-benzenamine crystallized in the monoclinic system, in space group C2/c, with cell dimensions of a = 27.392 (19) A, b = 4.730 (3) A, and c = 23.686 (16) A, β = 122.465 (6)°, V = 2589(3) A3, Z = 8 and refined to R = 0.0343 and R w = 0.0844. Crystallization from methanol yielded the product as the hydrobromide salt in the monoclinic space group Cc, with cell dimensions of a = 10.488 (3) A, b = 33.404 (9) A, c = 5.2578 (14) A, β = 116.769(2)°, V = 1644.7(8) A3, Z = 4 and refined to R = 0.0296 and R w = 0.0600. Mass spectral and NMR analyses confirmed that the bulk and crystalline compound were all 2-[(2-benzothiazolylmethyl)thio]-benzenamine. The structural, NMR, and mass spectral analyses of 2-[(2-benzothiazolylmethyl)thio]-benzenamine and 2-[(2-benzothiazolylmethyl)thio]-benzenamine hydrobromide salt are presented.
Experimental designs and emission rate modeling for chamber experiments

Abstract This paper considers some of the statistical aspects of estimating specimen emission rate profiles from chamber concentration level measurements, which is a major step in assessing indoor pollution levels. Parametric and nonparametric modeling approaches are applied to the problem, and their relative advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The issue of experimental design is also addressed, and the choice of an optimal set of experimental conditions and sampling times is considered. Some simulation results are presented to contrast the efficiencies of various experimental designs.
Immediate results of interventional devices for coronary ostial narrowing with angina pectoris

Abstract Angioplasty of aorto-ostial lesions has had subop timal results. This study reports on the immediate results of new debulking devices (atherectomy, excimer laser) in the treatment of aorto-ostial disease. Thirty-one vessels (29 patients) with an ostial lesion treated with a new device (group I) were compared with 15 vessels (13 patients) with an ostial lesion treated with angioplasty alone during the preceding 24 months (group II). Both groups were similar in their clinical characteristics. A larger proportion of vessels in group I (64%) compared with group II (7%) had unfavorable features for angioplasty. Procedural success was similar. 28 vessels in group I (91%) and 14 in group II (93%). Among the new devices, success was also similar: atherectomy in 8 arteries (89%), rotablator in 4 (100%) and excimer laser in 17 (94%). The acute gain was more significant with new devices: absolute reduction in percent stenosis was 66% for directional atherectomy, 67% for rotational atherectomy (p = 0.016 compared with angioplasty), 52% for excimer laser (p = 0.09) and 46% for angioplasty. In group I, 2 patients (6%) required emergency bypass surgery during our early experience; no deaths or Q-wave myocardial infarctions occurred. Group II had no complications. Therefore in aorto-ostial lesions, despite a much higher prevalence of unfavorable angiographic characteristics, new devices had (1) a success rate of ≥90%, (2) a significantly larger acute gain compared with angioplasty alone, and (3) an acceptable complication rate. Larger studies with complete angiographic follow-up are needed to assess restenosis.
Domestic Violence Abusers: A Descriptive Study of the Characteristics of Defenders in Protection from Abuse Orders in Sedgwick County, Kansas

Protection from abuse orders have been presented in the contemporary literature as one of many tools in protecting battered women. While protection from abuse orders provide legal protection from abuse, many abusers violate these court orders. The current study describes the characteristics of 1,873 alleged domestic violence abusers in Sedgwick County, Kansas. Data were collected from protection from abuse filings over a 12-month time frame. The data were used to examine the demographics of offenders as well as to assess the prior arrests of the offenders. Results showed that abusers were typically white males, average age of 33 with extensive past criminal arrest histories.
Celebrity Endorsements, Firm Value, and Reputation Risk: Evidence from the Tiger Woods Scandal

We estimate the stock market effects of the Tiger Woods scandal on his sponsors and sponsors' competitors. In the 10--15 trading days after the onset of the scandal, the full portfolio of sponsors lost more than 2% of market value, with losses concentrated among the core three sponsors: Electronic Arts, Nike, and PepsiCo Gatorade. Sponsors' day-by-day losses correlate strongly with Google search intensity regarding the endorsement-related impact of the scandal, as well as with qualitative indicators of “endorsement-related news.” At least some sponsors' losses were competitors' gains, suggesting that endorsement deals are partially a business-stealing strategy. However, competitors who were themselves celebrity endorsement intensive fared relatively worse than those who were not endorsement intensive, and that difference also correlates day by day with news/search intensity regarding the scandal. It appears that the scandal sent a negative marketwide signal about the reputation risk associated with celebrity endorsements. This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta, marketing.
Induction of Uteroglobin in Rabbits by Progestogens, Estradiol-17β and ACTH

The appearance of uteroglobin in the uterine lumen of oophorectomized does was induced by progesterone, 20a-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one (20a-OHP), 5a-pregnan-3,20-dione (Sa-DHP), estradioll7� and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Progesterone (2.0 mg/kg body weight) stimulated a greater total amount of uteroglobin (P < 0.05) in mature animals than in immature animals although the endometrial progestational response in McPhail units was “4” in both types of animals. The induction of uteroglobin by 20a-OHP. 5a-DHP or estradiol was about 10-15% of the response to progesterone. The endometrial proliferative index in McPhail units was “0” following estradiol (2 �zg/kg). Sa-DHP (0.25-1.0 mg/kg), or 20a-OHP (0.1-1.0 mg/kg). In mature rabbits the combined treatment of 2.0 gig/kg of estradiol and 0.01 mg/kg-0.075 mg/kg of progesterone gave a significantly higher (P < 0.05) uteroglobin induction as compared to progesterone treatment alone, but the progesterone and estradiol effects were additive. When the dose of progesterone was increased to 0.25 or 2.0 mg/kg, 2 izg/kg of estradiol did not significantly increase the uteroglobin (P < 0.05) in the uterine fluid of mature or immature animals. The plasma levels of progesterone determined on the 5th day of progesterone administration could not be correlated with the amount of uteroglobin present in the uterine fluid and preliminary evidence is presented which indicates that the rabbit adrenal might be a signficant source of progesterone. The administration of 40 lU. of porcine ACTH for 5 days to oophorectomized rabbits induced uteroglobin in the uterine fluid. In ACTH treated animals the uterus also responded with a typical progestational response. Three different combinations of pH and gel concentration were used to establish the identity of uteroglobin produced by the various treatments.
The detection of lexical ambiguity: Evidence for context-sensitive parallel access

Abstract In an ambiguity detection task, subjects judged whether the final words of visually displayed sentences were homographs or nonhomographs. Detection of homographs was faster when the sentence was related to a less frequent (secondary) meaning of the homograph. According to the “ordered access” model of ambiguity processing ( T. W. Hogaboam & C. A. Perfetti, 1975 , Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , 14 , 265–274), this advantage occurs because the mismatch between the context and the initially retrieved (primary) meaning allows the subject to circumvent further memory search. However, the advantage of a secondary-sense context was maintained under conditions in which such a mismatch could not be assumed by the subject to indicate a homograph. The results support a hybrid model of ambiguity processing in which meanings are retrieved in parallel, but with retrieval latency for each meaning dependent on both context and relative meaning frequency.
Early Stages of Composite Formation by Oxidation ofLiquid Aluminum Alloys

Microstructure evolution during the early stages in the directed oxidation of molten Al-Mg and Al-Mg-Si alloys led to provide needed insight into the origins of the incubation period and its practical elimination by SiO{sub 2} additions. Oxidation experiments were performed primarily in thermogravimetric balances and microstructures were analyzed by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Continuous heating above the alloy liquidus produces first a thin MgO layer and then a brief rapid growth of a spinel + metal mixture within a temperature range which depends on the alloy Mg content and the heating rate. The initial rapid oxidation terminates abruptly with the formation of a dense spinel layer at the surface, leading to a long incubation period of negligible weight gain. The surface MgO regenerates in this regime, while the metal channels slowly advance upward by dissolution of the dense spinel, eventually reaching the MgO and inducing the formation of composite nodules. These consist initially of spinel + metal upon which the conventional Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} + metal growth starts after the Mg in the near-surface alloy is depleted to a critical level. SiO{sub 2} surface additions promote composite nucleation by locally hindering surface passivation, acting as an O source formore » continued spinel growth, and modifying the local chemistry to facilitate the formation of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}.« less
A Perspective on Cyberinfrastructure for Water Research Driven by Informatics Methodologies

This article presents a perspective on cyberinfrastructure (CI) for water research driven by informatics methodologies. This perspective is motivated by the fact that CI for water research should increase scientific productivity of a single investigator and dispersed teams in their exploratory studies of experimental observations and theoretical simulations. In the digital era and within the context of CI, the scientific productivity is often determined by the efficiency of data-centric and collaborationcentric activities. These activities follow domain-specific methodologies and informatics approaches aiming at extracting information and knowledge from raw data. We present the concepts of data-centric and collaboration-centric activities supported by concrete examples, and outline the challenges and requirements on CI driven by these informatics activities. Then, we describe a set of common activities cutting across multiple earth science disciplines, and discuss some solutions that already exist or might have to be developed in order to support informatics methodologies. Our perspective emphasizes the importance of exploratory science that is frequently present in informatics methodologies. The contribution of this article is in illuminating the CI development from a perspective that bridges daily activities of many water research scientists with the CI components and functionality.
A model for prioritizing sites and reclamation methods at abandoned mines

Abandoned mines present numerous safety and environmental problems due to altered topography and poor management of mine waste. Few guidelines are available for selecting reclamation methods to address these problems, and many existing decision models lack transparency, leave out important parameters and reclamation methods, and/or lack model calibration. Consequently, a decision model was developed that includes: (1) a mine hazard index for prioritizing sites for reclamation, (2) a reclamation method screening table for narrowing viable reclamation methods, and (3) a reclamation method ranking matrix for ranking the applicability of reclamation methods at a site. These three processes form the abandoned mine decision model, optimized for topographic reconstruction and waste disposal at abandoned mines. The hazard index quantifies geologic and hydrologic hazards using measurable parameters, sub-parameters, and a range of sub-parameter conditions. Main and sub-parameter weighting factors were determined using the analytic hierarchy process and Delphi method. Reconciling differences between initial parameter weighting factors for the two methods resulted in an improved decision-making technique. The decision model was calibrated with 25 abandoned metal mines in the western USA. Mine hazard index thresholds were determined for mines having low, medium, and high priority. The screening table and ranking matrix were effective at narrowing the number of viable reclamation methods. Further validation of the decision model was evident by the implemented reclamation method being among the four highest scoring alternatives 80 % of the time. This model provides a quantitative and transparent process that overcomes the deficiencies found in many existing mine reclamation decision models.
Power estimation and thermal budgeting methodology for FPGAs

The method used for power estimation and thermal budgeting on an FPGA product line, fabricated using 90 nm technology, is described in this paper. It addresses the reasons why state-of-the-art processes create power concerns on FPGAs, and describes methodologies that provide more relevant power and junction temperature estimations. Finally it suggests what can be done to improve the power budget and to balance the trade-offs between power and performance.
Digital Imaging Techniques In Experimental Stress Analysis

Digital imaging techniques are utilized as a measure of surface displacement components in laser speckle metrology. An image scanner which is interfaced to a computer records and stores in memory the laser speckle patterns of an object in a reference and deformed configuration. Subsets of the deformed images are numerically correlated with the references as a measure of surface displacements. Discrete values are determined around a closed contour for plane problems which then become input into a boundary integral equation method in order to calculate surface traction in the contour. Stresses are then calculated within this boundary. The solution procedure is illustrated by a numerical example of a case of uniform tension.
SimTester: a controllable and observable testing framework for embedded systems

In software for embedded systems, the frequent use of interrupts for timing, sensing, and I/O processing can cause concurrency faults to occur due to interactions between applications, device drivers, and interrupt handlers. This type of fault is considered by many practitioners to be among the most difficult to detect, isolate, and correct, in part because it can be sensitive to execution interleavings and often occurs without leaving any observable incorrect output. As such, commonly used testing techniques that inspect program outputs to detect failures are often ineffective at detecting them. To test for these concurrency faults, test engineers need to be able to control interleavings so that they are deterministic. Furthermore, they also need to be able to observe faults as they occur instead of relying on observable incorrect outputs.In this paper, we introduce SimTester, a framework that allows engineers to effectively test for subtle and non-deterministic concurrency faults by providing them with greater controllability and observability. We implemented our framework on a commercial virtual platform that is widely used to support hardware/software co-designs to promote ease of adoption. We then evaluated its effectiveness by using it to test for data races and deadlocks. The result shows that our framework can be effective and efficient at detecting these faults.
Farm Poverty and Safety Nets

Farm families with incomes below the poverty line are far less likely than wealthier farmers to receive farm support payments. Using data from the 1989‐2004 Current Population Survey, we find that poor farm families are also not participating in other assistance programs. Controlling for other factors, eligible farm families have substantially lower participation rates in the Food Stamp Program and in Medicaid than eligible nonfarm families. Removing farm safety net program payments would increase the number of farmers eligible for these programs but, in the absence of behavioral changes, would only lead to small increases in the number of recipients. The genesis of a strong federal presence in agricultural commodity markets was the persistence and pervasiveness of rural poverty. In 1930, 44% of Americans lived in rural areas, and 30 million of these 54 million people lived on farms (U.S. Department of Commerce 1933). Farm household income was less than half that for nonfarm households (U.S. Department of Commerce 1975). The high percentage of Americans in farming and their low average incomes presented an important challenge to achieving national prosperity. In response, as part of the New Deal, the federal government established a series of farm safety net
Iterative construction of spreading sequences in CDMA forward link

We consider an iterative algorithm to construct spreading sequences in a CDMA forward link to support users with a uniform target signal-to-interference ratio (SIR). Particular attention is given to the case when the number of users is larger than the spreading gain. We classify users into two classes, namely, overfaded users and nonoverfaded users, according to their effective noise densities. Overfaded users are allocated orthogonal "channels", and nonoverfaded users share the remaining "channels". Two adaptive algorithms are presented to construct the sequences iteratively based on the observation that the MMSE receiver weights are the same as those of the matched filter using the extended total squared correlation (ETSC) minimization sequences.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B antibody in serum

Measurement of antibody to cytomegalovirus (CMV) glycoprotein B (gB) is valuable in the assessment of the antibody response to infection and to gB-containing vaccines. For this purpose, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a recombinant CMV gB molecule as the antigen was evaluated. Sera from 168 anti-CMV IgG-positive and 100 seronegative subjects were used to evaluate the anti-gB antibody assay. A cutoff optical density (OD) that would distinguish gB antibody-positive from -negative sera was established. Titers of antibody to gB determined by endpoint dilution were compared with those calculated using regression analysis. The run-to-run and interoperator reproducibilities of results were measured. The mean OD + 5 standard deviations from 50 anti-CMV IgG antibody-negative sera (0.2472) was used as the cutoff between anti-gB antibody-positive and -negative results. All sera from 100 anti-CMV IgG-seronegative subjects were negative for antibody to gB. All but 1 of 168 sera from seropositive subjects were positive for antibody to gB. Observed antibody levels based on titration to the endpoint were very similar to results calculated using linear regression. The run-to-run consistency of endpoints was excellent, with 38 runs from one operator and 48 runs from another all giving results within 1 dilution of the mean value for each of three anti-CMV IgG antibody-positive serum pools. The geometric mean titer of antibody to gB for 99 sera from seropositive blood donors was 1/10,937. This ELISA gives accurate and reproducible results for the relative quantity of anti-CMV gB IgG in serum over a wide range of antibody levels.
An Argument for Multiple Spell-Out

Les As. avancent un nouvel argument en faveur de la theorie de l'epellation multiple a partir de donnees sur les clitiques en bulgare. Apres avoir discute de differentes approches dans ce cadre, les As. presentent de nouvelles donnees qui indiquent le caractere derivationnel de la linearisation clitique-verbe puis demontrent les avantages empiriques a adopter l'epellation multiple afin de concilier le paradigme d'organisation des clitiques
Neurotechnology: A New Approach for Treating Brain Disorders

Advances in neuroscience, engineering and computer technologies are creating opportunities to connect the brain directly to devices to treat a variety of disorders, both neurological and psychiatric. They are opening a new field of neuroscience called "neurotechnology." This article reviews efforts in this area that are ongoing at Brown University and the hospitals affiliated with Brown's Alpert Medical School. Two general approaches are being used. One uses advanced electrodes to "sense" the activity of many individual neurons in the cerebral cortex and then use that activity for therapeutic purposes. The other uses various types of devices to stimulate specific networks in the brain in order to restore normal function and alleviate symptoms.
Spy vs. spy: Camouflage-based active detection in energy harvesting motivated networks

Selective forwarding attack is one of well-known denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, and designing its countermeasure is critical and challenging. Detecting a forwarding misbehavior in multi-hop networks is non-trivial because it is hard to filter from node failure or packet collision. This paper proposes a new countermeasure, called camouflage-based active detection, in a rapidly emerging energy harvesting motivated networks (EHNets), where a set of self-sustainable nodes communicate directly or indirectly via multi-hop relays. Four adversarial scenarios motivated by energy harvesting and their potential forwarding vulnerabilities are analyzed. Each node actively disguises itself as an energy harvesting node, monitors any forwarding operation, and detects forwarding misbehaviors of lurk deep malicious nodes in EHNets. Extensive simulation experiments using OMNeT++ show that the proposed approach is highly detection-efficient compared to a hop-by-hop cooperative detection scheme in terms of detection latency and detection rate.
Borroto-Páez, R., C. A. Woods, and F. E. Sergile (eds.). 2012. Terrestrial Mammals of the West Indies: Contributions. Florida Museum of Natural History and Wacahoota Press, Gainesville, Florida, 482 pp. ISBN 978-0-9653864-7-0

R. Borroto-Paez, C. A. Woods, F. E. Sergile (eds.). 2012. Terrestrial Mammals of the West Indies: Contributions. Florida Museum of Natural History and Wacahoota Press, Gainesville, Florida, 482 pp. ISBN 978-0-9653864-7-0, price (hardbound) $35.00. Terrestrial Mammals of the West Indies is not a typical “Mammals of …” book. It is an edited volume with contributions covering a wide variety of topics pertaining to Antillean mammals, including, but not limited to, systematics, biogeography, paleontology, zooarchaeology, genetics, anatomy, functional morphology, ecology and natural history, parasitology, conservation, and studies of captive animals. This book is the 1st attempt to synthesize more than a century of information on the terrestrial or nonvolant mammals of the West Indies, including both living and fossil species, as well as mammal remains from archaeological sites. In the Introduction , the editors emphasize that for purposes of this book, their definition of “terrestrial” mammals does not include bats. They suggest that the inclusion of bats would have doubled the length of the current work, but also hint at a possible future volume on West Indian chiropterans. A treatise on the bats of Cuba, including both living and extinct species (Silva Taboada 1979), is of comparable length to the present volume. Excluding bats, the extant terrestrial or land mammals of the West Indies constitute a unique but rather depauperate fauna, with just 2 orders and 2 families, both Antillean endemics, the Solenodontidae in the Soricomorpha and the Capromyidae in the Rodentia. Cuba has the richest fauna with 9 species of capromyid rodents in the genera Capromys, Mesocapromys , and Mysateles and the primitive insectivore Solenodon cubanus . The capromyid Plagiodontia aedium and the solenodontid Solenodon paradoxus comprise the fauna from Hispaniola. Species of the capromyid genus Geocapromys are known from Jamaica (G. brownii ) and East Plana Cay in the southern Bahamas (G. ingrahami ). A capromyid from Little Swan Island and 3 sigmodontine cricetids, 1 from Jamaica and 2 from the Lesser Antilles, are known from modern specimens (skins and skulls), but went extinct in …
Solubilization of Particulate Cellulose Using Anaerobic Acidogenesis

Hydrolysis and acidogenesis in anaerobic digestion comprises the first step in converting biodegradable particulates into methane gas. The optimum conditions in this stage are different from those for methanogenesis. Results of tests to solubilize organic particulates of a known size distribution are presented and discussed here.
Ecological Robustness as a Design Principle for Sustainable Industrial Systems

Ecology has acted as a source for sound design principles and studies have examined how ecological principles can enhance sustainability in human industrial networks. Engineered systems are often designed for maximum performance, but in many cases robustness is sought with respect to unwanted variations in input or other parameters. Taguchi’s signal to noise ratio and other quality engineering principles are well known fundamentals in the field of robust design. In this paper, we will introduce flow-based equations from ecological network analysis (ENA) to determine how to modify the flows and connections in industrial systems to balance efficiency and robustness against disturbances. In ENA, the robustness of a system is given by the relationship of flow path diversity to system efficiency. Systems with diverse flows are more resilient to a disturbance since there are redundant pathways, but are inefficient precisely because they contain many flow paths with the same endpoints. Efficient systems have increased capacity to transfer material and energy, but this is at the cost of fewer pathways so the system is brittle. Thus, given a disturbance, a robust system balances redundancy with efficiency/capacity. Ecological systems seem to occupy a narrow range of states that balance efficiency and resilience to confer robustness. Human networks, like trade networks, water reclamation facilities, etc. have been analyzed using these robustness principles and methods for flow based ecological network analysis. These analyses show that human networks may be more brittle than their ecological counterparts because of insufficient flow path diversity.Copyright © 2015 by ASME