cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A tour of the CSM Electronics Prototyping Facility

The Division of Engineering at the Colorado School of Mines has developed a new approach in teaching and using electronic circuit fabrication skills as a standard part of our undergraduate electronics laboratories. We have created a vertically integrated facility with advanced computer-aided design (CAD) tools, quick and cheap printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication machinery and industry-standard electronics assembly tools. This facility has brought a new capability to our undergraduate laboratories for our students to design and fabricate significant circuits that used to be abstract problems because the implementation was too difficult or expensive. Since typical graduates from four-year electrical engineering degree programs have no electronics production skills, they must then learn on the job these necessary skills and industry must cope with the lowering of productivity and quality. Given the needs of the students and industry, it seems only natural that electrical engineering degree programs should give students a basic preparation in electronics production skills to enable their graduates to function better as working engineers. This work discusses the rationale for our approach, the impact these changes have had on our students, and gives a tour of the Electronics Prototyping Facility (EPF).
A digitally controlled oscillator system for SAW-less transmitters in cellular handsets

A complete digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) system for mobile phones is presented with a comprehensive study. The DCO is part of a single-chip fully compliant quad-band GSM transceiver realized in a 90-nm digital CMOS process. By operating the DCO at a 4 /spl times/ GSM low-band frequency followed by frequency dividers, the requirement of on-chip inductor Q and the amount of gate oxide stress are relaxed. It was found that a dynamic divider is needed for stringent TX output phase noise while a source-coupled-logic divider can be used for RX to save power. Both dividers are capable of producing a tight relation between four quadrature output phases at low voltage and low power. Frequency tuning is achieved through digital control of the varactors which serve as an RF DAC. Combining a MIM capacitor array and two nMOS transistor arrays of the varactors for the RF DAC, a highly linear oscillator gain which is also insensitive to process shift is achieved. The finest varactor step size is 12 kHz at the 1.6-2.0 GHz output. With a sigma-delta dithering, high frequency resolution is obtained while having negligible phase noise degradation. The measured phase noise of -167 dBc/Hz at 20 MHz offset from 915 MHz carrier and frequency tuning range of 24.5% proves that this DCO system can be used in SAW-less quad-band transmitters for mobile phones.
500 year documentation

Museum visitors today can regularly view 500 year old art by Renaissance masters. Will visitors to museums 500 years in the future be able to see the work of digital artists from the early 21st century? This paper considers the real problem of conserving interactive digital artwork for museum installation in the far distant future by exploring the requirements for creating documentation that will support an artwork's adaptation to future technology. In effect, this documentation must survive as long as the artwork itself -- effectively, in perpetuity. A proposal is made for the use of software engineering methodologies as solutions for designing this documentation.
Guided bone regeneration of large mandibular defects in a primate model.

Background: An earlier publication from our laboratory described the use of guided bone regeneration to fill large bone voids in the mandible created through en bloc resection in primates. The present report is an embellishment of this paper and describes bone regeneration experiments in 18 adult male Macaca mulatta monkeys to determine how long membranes must be in position to promote guided bone regeneration. Methods: Thirty-six lesions were created in the mandibles of 18 monkeys in a standardized mandibular defect of 8 × 19 mm. Reinforced ePTFE membranes were placed in the animals and held in place with mini screws and sutures for anywhere from 1 to 12 months. No material was added to the defect. In addition to clinical studies, digital subtraction radiology and fluorescent labeling with tetracycline and histomorphometry are described. Results: The results indicate that no bone gain was observed in membranes exposed for 1 month or less, but bone gain (approximately well over 90% of defects) was observe...
How the Weak Win Wars: A Theory of Asymmetric Conflict

List of figures Preface Acknowledgements List of abbreviations 1. Introduction 2. Explaining asymmetric conflict outcomes 3. Russia in the Caucasus: the Murid War, 1830-59 4. Britain in Orange Free State and Transvaal: the South African War, 1899-1902 5. Italy in Ethiopia: the Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935-40 6. The United States in Vietnam: the Vietnam War, 1965-73 7. The USSR in Afghanistan: the Afghan Civil War, 1979-89 8. Conclusion Appendix References Index.
Battery performance models in ADVISOR

This paper summarizes battery modeling capabilities in ADVISOR—the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s advanced vehicle simulator written in the Matlab/Simulink environment. ADVISOR’s Matlab-oriented battery models consist of the following: (1) an internal resistance model, (2) a resistance–capacitance (RC) model, (3) a PNGV capacitance model, (4) a neural network (nnet) lead acid model, and (5) a fundamental lead acid battery model. For the models, the electric schematics (where applicable), thermal models, accuracy, existing datasets, and sample validation plots are presented. A brief summary of ADVISOR’s capabilities for co-simulation with Saber is presented, which links ADVISOR with Saber’s lead acid battery model. The models outlined in this paper were presented at the workshop on ‘Development of Advanced Battery Engineering Models’ in August 2001. # 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Allotype suppression in the rabbit. I. The ontogeny of cells bearing immunoglobulin of paternal allotype and the fate of these cells after treatment with antiallotype antisera.

The ability to distinguish immunoglobulin (Ig) of paternal allotype both on lymphocyte membranes and in the serum of neonatal b 4 b 5 heterozygous rabbits has allowed us to study the postnatal ontogeny of cells bearing endogenously synthesized Ig that could not have been derived from the mother. In normal b 4 b 5 rabbits, such endogenously synthesized Ig of paternal allotype is present on the membranes of bone marrow-derived (B) lymphocytes from birth, but does not appear as detectable circulating Ig until ∼2 wk of age. In the neonate, cells bearing the paternal allotype are potential targets for the induction of chronic allotype suppression. Within 24 h of exposure to anti-allotype antisera in vivo, Ig of the suppressed paternal allotype is no longer detectable on the surface of neonatal lymphoid cells. Further, this lymphocyte membrane Ig is eliminated and not simply masked by the suppressing antibodies. Finally, cells bearing the suppressed allotype are deleted from all lymphoid organs for the duration of total allotype suppression, and reappear first in bone marrow and peripheral blood at the time of spontaneous escape from suppression.
Multichannel acousto-optic crossbar switch with arbitrary signal fan-out.

We propose an N × N acousto-optic switch architecture capable of arbitrary signal fan-out with O(N logN) hardware complexity. We also investigate the impact of signal fan-out on loss and cross talk.
An L-Moment-Based Analog for the Schmeiser-Deutsch Class of Distributions

This paper characterizes the conventional moment-based Schmeiser-Deutsch (S-D) class of distributions through the method of L-moments. The system can be used in a variety of settings such as simulation or modeling various processes. A procedure is also described for simulating S-D distributions with specified L-moments and L-correlations. The Monte Carlo results presented in this study indicate that the estimates of L-skew, L-kurtosis, and L-correlation associated with the S-D class of distributions are substantially superior to their corresponding conventional product-moment estimators in terms of relative bias—most notably when sample sizes are small.
What We Don't See

This article reviews the evolution of child health in four eras — the recognition of children as a specific population (1812–1880), the rise of public health as remedy (1881–1930), the development of vaccines (1931–1980), and the global era (1981–2012).
A linear perturbation model for a nonlinear system linearized at an equilibrium neighborhood

The linearization of a nonlinear system may be uncontrollable at a desired operating point when all points in a neighborhood of the operating point are controllable, The Moore-Greitzer model (1986) of rotating stall in a jet engine is such a problem and is studied here. Model validation techniques are used to evaluate a model linearized about a perturbed operating point, and including unknown bounded perturbations. Such models are well suited to robust control design techniques.
Interactive ray-traced scene editing using ray segment trees

This paper presents a ray tracer that facilitates near-interactive scene editing with incremental rendering; the user can edit the scene both by manipulating objects and by changing the viewpoint. Our system uses object-space radiance interpolants to accelerate ray tracing by approximating radiance, while bounding error. We introduce a new hierarchical data structure, the ray segment tree (RST), which tracks the dependencies of radiance interpolants on regions of world space. When the scene is edited, affected interpolants are rapidly identified— typically in 0.1 seconds—by traversing these ray segment trees. The affected interpolants are updated and used to re-render the scene with a 3 to 4 × speedup over the base ray tracer, even when the viewpoint is changed. Although the system does no pre-processing, performance is better than for the base ray tracer even on the first rendered frame.
Fifty years of microarchitecture

The Micro-34 program will be placed in the context of fifty years of research inmicroarchitecture.Over this time, the major emphasis has been on improving processorperformance as measured by Clock per Instruction (CPI).We have seen a number of questions that occupied many minds for many years:Stack architectures compared to memory-to-memory and register files, and RISC vs. CISC are examples.For the last fifteen years or so, the focus of much research has been improvements in CPI by exploiting instruction level parallelism by the processor.This emphasis continues with the papers at Micro-34.
The Molecular Physiology of Sodium- and Proton-Coupled Solute Transporters.

The expression of cloned Na+- and H+-coupled solute transporters in Xenopus laevis oocytes has permitted detailed molecular and biophysical analysis and illuminated unique mechanistic features. The...
The Future of Emotion Research in the Study of Psychopathology

Research on emotion and psychopathology has blossomed due in part to the translation of affective science theory and methods to the study of diverse disorders. This translational approach has helped the field to hone in more precisely on the nature of emotion deficits to identify antecedent causes and maintaining processes, and to develop promising new interventions. The future of emotion research in psychopathology will benefit from three inter-related areas, including an emphasis on emotion difficulties that cut across traditional diagnostic boundaries (i.e., a transdiagnostic approach), the explicit linking of emotion and cognition in behavioral and neuroimaging studies in psychopathology, and continued translation of the latest conceptualizations of emotion to the study of psychopathology.
Towards Scalable Checkpoint Restart: A Collective Inline Memory Contents Deduplication Proposal

With increasing scale and complexity of supercomputing and cloud computing architectures, faults are becoming a frequent occurrence. For a large class of applications that run for a long time and are tightly coupled, Checkpoint-Restart (CR) is the only feasible method to survive failures. However, exploding checkpoint sizes that need to be dumped to storage pose a major scalability challenge, prompting the need to reduce the amount of checkpointing data. This paper contributes with a novel collective memory contents deduplication scheme that attempts to identify and eliminate duplicate memory pages before they are saved to storage. Unlike previous approaches that concentrate on the checkpoints of the same process, our approach identifies duplicate memory pages shared by different processes (regardless whether on the same or different node). We show both how to achieve such a global deduplication in a scalable fashion and how to leverage it effectively to optimize the data layout in such way that it minimizes I/O bottlenecks. Large scale experiments show significant reduction of storage space consumption and performance overhead compared to several state-of-art approaches, both in synthetic benchmarks and for a real life high performance computing application.
Dampening of the cortisol response to handling at 3 months in human infants and its relation to sleep, circadian cortisol activity, and behavioral distress

The decrease in responsiveness of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) system is marked over the first months of life. Seventy-eight healthy infants (44 girls), 7 to 15 weeks old, were given a laboratory mock physical examination. Salivary cortisol samples were collected pre- and postexamination and at home. Behavioral state during the examination and home sleep/wake activity were measured. Subjects younger than 11 weeks showed an increase in pre- to postexamination cortisol, while older subjects did not. Further, there was no decrease in behavioral distress to the examination with age. Infants who showed an early-morning peak (EMP) in home cortisol levels were significantly older and were likely to be those who slept through the night. However, the presence of an EMP was not associated with a lack of cortisol response to the examination. The decrease in cortisol responsiveness witnessed around the age of 3 months is presumably due to other processes associated with age, and not with the expression of the day–night rhythm in basal cortisol. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 33: 327–337, 1998
Identifying Changeable Barriers to Family Involvement in the Nursing Home for Cognitively Impaired Residents

Purpose: Barriers to family involvement in the nursing home with the potential for change through intervention are examined, including transportation, caregiver health, relationships with staff, and resident characteristics. Design and Methods: Data were collected for 93 family caregiver–resident pairs by means of telephone interviews and chart review. Regression modeling was used to identify relationships between involvement (caregiver visit frequency) and the changeable barriers after the known variables of distance, kinship, payment source, length of stay, and cognitive function were taken into account. Results: Lower visit frequency was found for caregivers reporting problems with transportation,poorrelationshipswithstaff, andasmallernetwork of supportive family and friends. Higher caregiver anxiety was related to higher visit frequency. Implications: Several barriers to family involvement are shown to be as or more influential than ones identified in previous research, thus providing empirical support for interventions currently used as well as suggesting new areas for intervention.
Deconstructing a research project

When Nature Goes Public: the Making and Unmaking of Bioprospecting in Mexico by Cori Hayden Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA 312 pages, $18/£12 ISBN 0691095574 ![][1] The emerging field of ‘science studies’ applies the ethnographic approach of anthropologists to analyse the motives, methods and sociopolitical implications of scientific research. One might imagine that ethnography—the detailed study and systematic recording of human cultures—could yield important insights into the complex relationship between scientists and society, and, in particular, explain why science is frequently viewed with suspicion by laypeople. One might also reasonably fear the publication of simplistic or even grossly misinformed tales, such as the now widely discredited Darkness at El Dorado by Patrick Tierney, which accused an Amazonian research team led by anthropologist Napoleon Chagnon of a range of serious ethical lapses. In When Nature Goes Public: the Making and Unmaking of Bioprospecting in Mexico , Cori Hayden offers an intriguing and well‐intentioned ethnographic analysis of a bioprospecting project, the Arid Lands International Cooperative Biodiversity Group (ICBG), led by Barbara Timmermann of the University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ, USA). The book will appeal to fans of science studies with its thoughtful analysis of the larger sociopolitical context of this complex project. However, it will probably be frustrating to most natural scientists, science historians, science policy experts and classical ethnographers. Factual errors, numerous unattributed quotes, convoluted prose and considerable naivete about the science being analysed make it a flawed work, despite some important and interesting observations. Bioprospecting is the search for molecules from plants, animals or microorganisms with the aim of developing them into pharmaceutical, agricultural or industrial agents. The practice of bioprospecting is an attractive subject for scholars of science studies because of the frequent involvement of indigenous peoples and ‘traditional use’ knowledge, the global politics of intellectual property rights, and … [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
A Method for Translation of Instruments to Other Languages

As researchers begin including individuals from diverse populations and language groups in their research efforts, it will become increasingly imperative that standardized procedures for translation of instruments to other languages be followed to ensure equivalency of translations. This article describes the translation process and identifies translation difficulties noted in adult education practice. This procedure for translation includes the use of a combination of back translation, committee approach, the bilingual technique or variations thereof, decentering techniques, administration of both language versions of an instrument to bilinguals, and pilot testing. Guidelines are recommended for translation procedures and an illustrative example of a translation project is included.
Enhanced auto-associative neural networks for sensor diagnostics (E-AANN)

We address the problem of sensor fault diagnosis in complex systems. The motivation for this work is the common problem encountered in industrial setting, i.e. sensor shift, drift and outright failure. The approach proposed in this paper is based on auto-associative neural networks but has been extended to address some intrinsic deficiencies of these types of networks in practical setting. In particular, it is shown that the proposed approach provides the basic functionality needed for single sensor fault detection in a multi-sensor environment with limited additional computational burden. This work is presently under further development to address multi-sensor failures.
New algorithms for carry propagation

This paper presents the analysis and implementation of different algorithms for carry propagation in binary adders. Besides traditional AND-OR-Invert based adders, NAND-type and NOR-type adders with single-gate delay per bit are studied as well. A unified classification based on work by Ling and Doran is presented. The new techniques are applied to ripple-carry adders, carry-skip adders and conditional-sum adders. Transistor level implementations in static and dynamic CMOS logic, as well as simulation results using a 90nm technology are presented.
The Arab Boycott of Israel

A boycott may be denned as ‘The refusal and incitement to refusal to have commercial or social dealings with offending groups or individuals’.1 More specifically, international economic boycotts are devices by which one or more states (or their citizens) attempt to inflict economic hardship upon a target nation. The method of coercion takes the form of a disruption of the target state's normal foreign trade and financial flows. In the vast majority of instances, the imposition of a boycott is a political act, designed to influence the practices and policies of the offending country, utilizing economic weapons as the coercive force. A boycott may be deemed successful if it attains the ends desired by its initiators. As a rule, economic sanctions must be effective (i.e. cause economic damage) in order to succeed; however, it is quite possible, indeed, often probable, that boycotts may be effective without being successful.
Gentamicin dosing strategy in patients with end-stage renal disease receiving haemodialysis: evaluation using a semi-mechanistic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model

Objectives Gentamicin is widely used in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients for the treatment of infections. The goal of this study was to find the most reasonable dosing regimen for gentamicin in ESRD patients receiving haemodialysis. Methods The in vitro antimicrobial activity of gentamicin was evaluated by static and dynamic time-kill experiments against three bacterial strains of MSSA, MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A semi-mechanistic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model was established afterwards, allowing the characterization of the antibacterial effect of gentamicin in the human body. The model was utilized to assess dosing regimens of gentamicin in ESRD patients receiving haemodialysis, taking both efficacy and safety into account. Results The PK/PD model was capable of describing the bacterial response to gentamicin exposure in all three strains. Simulation based on the PK/PD model showed that pre-dialysis and post-dialysis dosing would bring comparable benefit to the ESRD patient regardless of whether the PK/PD target (fCmax/MIC >8-fold) was achieved, while the post-dialysis dosing resulted in a significantly lower trough concentration. The result of simulated dose fractionation demonstrated that both fCmax/MIC and fAUC(0-24)/MIC are strong predictors of drug effectiveness, but the PK/PD model would provide a more precise prediction of antibacterial activity as well as valuable information on dose selection in ESRD patients receiving haemodialysis. Conclusions Our study supports the original FDA label with regard to the dosing regimen of gentamicin in ESRD patients, which offers adequate clinical benefit as well as an acceptable safety profile.
Synthetic cannabinoids and acute kidney injury

Synthetic cannabinoids (SCB) are a family of chemicals that bind to cannabinoid receptors and cause psychoactive effects. Over the past few years, they have been increasingly used for recreational purposes, especially by young adults, and have been reported to have many adverse effects. Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been recently reported; the pathophysiology of SCB-induced AKI is unknown. We report three cases of AKI in the setting of SCB use. The peak serum creatinine levels ranged from 3.0 to 5.7 mg/dL; one patient required hemodialysis. SCB can induce AKI.
Provisioning with Preparalyzed Hosts to Improve Parasite Effectiveness: A Pest Management Strategy for Stored Commodities

Bracon hebetor Say, a parasite of Ephestia cautella (Walker), the almond month, controlled this pest on stored inshell peanuts more efficiently when parasites were supplied at time of release with preparalyzed hosts. These paralyzed hosts provided female parasites with a readily available food source which increases parasite longevity and fecundity and an alternate oviposition site, allowing parasite numbers to increase in advance of the pest population. The simple and inexpensive methodology of this pest management strategy is already available and could be evaluated for commercial implementation.
Incidence and effects on mortality of venous thromboembolism in elderly women with endometrial cancer.

OBJECTIVE:To describe the incidence of thromboembolic events (venous thromboembolism) before and after the diagnosis of epithelial endometrial cancer and to evaluate the effects of these events on survival.METHODS:We used the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results ca
Speed and consistency of human decisions to swallow or spit sweet and sour solutions.

Measurements of the frequency and speed of spitting or swallowing citric acid, sodium saccharin, or mixture solutions, using the taste of one of them as the definition of what was to be spit, revealed that ‘correct’ spits occurred on ≥70% of trials with equal reliability and latency among the liquids, indicating that recognition-based rejection decisions in adult humans are as rapid and consistent for an arbitrary sweet taste as for a sour or mixed taste.
Research of the Comprehensive Benefits on the Promotional Activities in the Series of Campus Youthful Aerobics in Beijing

This paper,using the methods of literature review,questionnaire,local observation,investigation and mathematical statistics,studies the organization and implementation of promotional activities of Campus Youth Aerobics in Beijing in 2009,The result shows that 86.79%of students actively participated in the activities and gain remarkable effects on sports skill enhancement,physical and psychological health promotion,and improvement of social adaptation ability;the majority of coaches and parents hold a positive attitude,they think that it is beneficial to students' body and mental health development,the development of schools too;Most of coaches also think it has a positive impact on improving school popularity,enriching and promoting the construction of campus culture,improving school talent training quality.45.45% of coaches think that students who participate in this activity won't affect their cultural studies,while 31.61% of parents don't think so.At present,the means of popularizing this activity mainly rely on government intervention in administrative action which failed to make full use of news media to publicity and report.Schools in popularization of the activity process took various concrete measurements,and the most popular extended form is organizing competitions.15.91% of the school do not give due attention in promotional activities.The comprehensive benefits of promotional activities are obvious,which has been widely recognized and supported by society and students.
Synthesis and characterization of bitetrazole salts

The synthesis of potassium bitetrazole(K2BHT),bitetrazole(BHT),guanidine bitetrazole and aminoguanidine bitetrazole were introduced.The filterability and productivity of the medium product manganese bitetrazole were improved by dropping acetic acid and cupric sulfate.Potassium bitetrazole was produced by high-temperature substitution reaction between manganese bitetrazole and potassium carbonate.Bitetrazole,guanidine carbonate and amidocarbonate react directly to produce guanidine bitetrazole and aminoguanidine bitetrazole.The constitution of products was investigated by means of DSC-TGA,elemental analysis,IR,1H NMR,13C NMR and MS methods.Conventional sensitivity was measured,and the results show that sensitivity of bitetrazole is higher than that of other bitetrazole salts.
Gridlock and Effective Lawmaking, Issue by Issue

Today, after almost a century of trying; today, after over a year of debate; today, after all the votes have been tallied – health insurance reform becomes law in the United States of America . – President Barack Obama, Signing Ceremony, March 23, 2010 In November 1992, a relative newcomer on the national political scene, Bill Clinton, was elected President of the United States. Arriving on the tail end of a significant economic downturn (so much so that one of his campaign themes was “It’s the economy, stupid”), Clinton was embraced by younger and more liberal voters, and seemed to embody a new wave of optimism in America. He joined a Democratic House and Senate in bringing about the first period of unified party governance in over a decade, promising policy change after too much gridlock. While a wide range of policy items dominated his agenda, President Clinton made it well-known early into his administration that he sought dramatic changes to health care in the United States . To institute these changes, Clinton formed a health care task force early in 1993, comprised of a wide range of health care specialists from within and outside of government and headed by then-First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton. After holding a series of behind-closed-doors meetings for the better part of a year, the task force completed its deliberations by the end of 1993 and released its policy proposal to the public. As originally conceived, health care (meaning some form of health insurance coverage) would be made available to all Americans through a combination of Medicare, employer-based insurance, and government provisions for the unemployed and low-income workers. The costs of maintaining such a system would purportedly be covered through efficiencies that were expected to be gained from competition among insurance companies and providers, and from a broader insurance pool that included all Americans. Furthermore, revenues generated from several new taxes (such as those on alcohol and cigarettes) would be directed toward covering the program’s costs. And large employers would face a mandate to provide affordable health insurance to their employees .
The transition from a rural to an urban environment in Africa alters G protein-coupled receptor signaling.

Abstract Urbanization in Africa is associated with an increased incidence of non-communicable diseases, yet the cause and the mechanism remain poorly understood. Here, we propose a role for G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling in the biological changes that occur with urbanization and suggest a critical area of convergence in GPCR signaling might provide a molecular signature for exposure to environmental factors. As a first step in investing this hypothesis, we examined the expression of the G protein α, β and γ subunit, G protein related kinase, and β-arrestin genes in a rural and urban population living in Morocco (NCBI GSE8847). Three genes associated with the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway ( GNAQ , GNA11 and GNA15 ), and one gene controlling the cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway ( GNAI2 ) was altered by urbanization. Of note, the expression of ARRB1 gene, which encodes the β-arrestin 1 protein and dampens the cellular responses to extracellular signals, was greater in the rural compared to the urban population (P
Strengthening the Core: Examining Interactivity, Credibility, and Reliance as Measures of Social Media Use

This article “strengthens the core” of uses and gratifications theory by offering reliance, credibility, and interactivity as measures of social media use. Although reliance is recognized as a pred...
Soliton sampling for subcarrier multiplexed transmission to eliminate dispersion-induced RF power degradation

We demonstrate elimination of RF power degradation over 94 km of single-mode fiber in subcarrier transmission from 0.25 to 14 GHz by modulating a 35-ps soliton train. Our results show that solitons are good candidates for subcarrier transmission to avoid degrading dispersion effects.
The Evolution of Interaction Shape in Differential Susceptibility.

Expectations about the shape of statistical interactions play a crucial role in the study of differential susceptibility and other types of person–environment interplay. These expectations shape methodological guidelines and inform the interpretation of empirical findings; however, their logic has never been explicitly examined. This study is the first systematic exploration of the evolution of interaction shape in differential susceptibility. The model introduced here yields a number of novel insights; for example, interactions in differential susceptibility should usually be asymmetric and likely to be biased toward the prototypical shape of diathesis–stress models. This article also presents an exploratory analysis of interaction shape in recent empirical studies and ends with a discussion of the theoretical and methodological implications of the present findings.
Pulmonary Hypertension in Women: What Does the Cardiologist Need to Know?

Our goal is to review the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of PH focusing on how this condition affects women. PH is a broad term used to describe a group of medical conditions presenting with elevated pressures in the pulmonary circulation. A subgroup, PAH, is of great importance as many medical therapies have been developed and clinical outcomes have improved substantially when compared with historical data. PAH is more predominant in women and is an under recognized medical condition. PAH is a progressive condition for which many medical therapies are now available. Further research is needed to evaluate the effects of PH-specific medications on other forms of PH.
Long-term observation of morphologic and functional features of cat corneal endothelium after wounding.

PURPOSE (1) To test the hypothesis that corneas with enlarged endothelial cells (and thus less intercellular space) have decreased endothelial permeability to small polar solutes. (2) To measure corneal endothelial ouabain binding (Na+/K+ ATPase "pump site" density) and Descemet's membrane production after endothelial wounding. METHODS Bilateral specular microscopy and anterior segment fluorophotometry were performed at 2-month intervals for 1 year in ten cats after mechanically damaging the corneal endothelium in one eye of each. The measurements were repeated at 2 years in four cats and at 3 years in two cats. Eighteen months after wounding, endothelial ouabain binding was measured in both eyes of six cats. Transmission electron micrographs of Descemet's membrane were analyzed in both eyes of six cats at 18 months, two cats at 2 years, and two cats at 3 years after wounding. RESULTS From 6 to 12 months after wounding, the endothelial permeability to carboxyfluorescein was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the mean endothelial cell size was significantly increased (P < 0.001) in the damaged eyes. The enlarged endothelial cells persisted in the few cats observed 2 and 3 years after wounding. There was no significant difference in endothelial ouabain binding between the damaged and control corneas in six cats tested 18 months after wounding. On subsequent histologic examination, a layer of abnormal Descemet's membrane was present in all ten wounded eyes, with additional normal Descemet's membrane posterior to it, between the abnormal layer and the endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS The results are consistent with the hypothesis that corneal endothelial permeability to small polar solutes varies directly with the amount of intercellular space available for diffusion across the monolayer. The results also confirm clinical reports of decreased endothelial permeability in corneas with enlarged endothelial cells. In histopathologic specimens, a layer of abnormal Descemet's membrane can be a historical marker for a period of endothelial damage and corneal decompensation.
Model Predictive Control of a Voltage-Source Inverter With Seamless Transition Between Islanded and Grid-Connected Operations

Inverter-based distributed generation (DG) system is becoming an attractive solution for high penetration of renewable energy sources to the main grid. DG system should be able to supply power to the local loads whenever necessary even in case of utility power outage. Thus, the inverters in DG systems are expected to operate in both grid-connected and islanded mode, where they are acting as a current source for the ac grid and a voltage-source for the load, respectively. Transition between modes of operation is nontrivial and can cause deviations in voltage and current, because of mismatch in frequency, phase, and amplitude between the inverter output voltage and the grid voltage. Thus, it is necessary to have seamless transition between grid-connected and islanded mode. This paper presents a new control strategy with seamless transfer characteristics for a grid-connected voltage-source inverter using model predictive control (MPC) framework. The main objectives of the proposed predictive controller are: 1) decoupled power control in grid-connected mode, which enables the proposed power electronics interface to provide ancillary services such as reactive power compensation; 2) load voltage control in islanded mode; and 3) seamless transition between modes of operation through proposed synchronization and phase adjustment algorithm. The proposed controller features simplicity to implement since only one cost function should be minimized for all modes of operation, and hence no ambiguity in the control algorithm that could cause mode transition problems. An autotuning strategy for weight factors in MPC cost function is proposed to simplify the weight factor tuning strategy. The stability analysis of the proposed controller is provided. Simulation and experimental results validate the expected performance and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Prey: De/composing Memory and Experience

Prey explores digital storytelling and the de/composition of memory and experience through the infusion of the old with the new, a hybrid grafting of the aged and organic with interactive technologies, creating an entirely new form of codex. Prey is a reinvention of lucid childhood dreamscapes and a recreation of imaginary entities made incarnate in the form of three vintage interactive novels. Prey utilizes simple and intimate forms of interactivity. Users must coax the tales within using touch, rather than follow the contemporary tradition of reading text. Technology lives quietly in the background, allowing users to reflect directly on the rich materiality of the piece and their own sensorial experiences without distraction.
Organizational and Cultural Determinants of Surgical Safety

This chapter explores some basic ideas concerning organizational and cultural determinants of safety. Our goal is to be descriptive rather than prescriptive—to deepen the understanding of some basic organizing concepts and the mechanisms through which they exert their effects. We begin by examining some often overlooked assumptions about the nature of open systems to highlight the challenges that underpin all efforts to achieving safe and reliable care. We outline two key management logics and then discuss basic organizational properties and processes that are found in the safest and most highly reliable of organizations. We then turn to the issue of safety culture, how it is defined, how it controls, and how it is developed. We suggest that safety culture is less a stable property of organizations and their units, and more of a contingent and dynamic process reinforced through actions and conversations.
Collection of Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Using Selected Pheromone Lures and Trap Designs

Two trap designs and three sources of commercially-produced pheromone lures were used to capture fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), males in silage corn and peanuts in north-centra...
Field Dodder (Cuscuta pentagona) Control with Flumioxazin

Field dodder is an important weed in alfalfa grown for seed, and stringent control is required to keep the alfalfa seed from becoming contaminated with dodder seed. Pendimethalin has been the primary tool used to control dodder in alfalfa seed production for more than 25 yr. Flumioxazin was recently registered in alfalfa seed and forage crops, but its activity on field dodder was unknown. Control of field dodder with flumioxazin and pendimethalin was compared in greenhouse trials in a loamy sand soil. The number of emerged dodder seedlings able to twine on a simulated host were counted weekly for a 4-wk period following herbicide application. Flumioxazin applied at the alfalfa field use rate of 0.14 kg ai ha-1 completely controlled dodder over the initial 4-wk period. Dodder either failed to emerge or emerged and died without twining on the simulated host in the 4-wk period. When dodder was reseeded after 4 wk in flumioxazin-treated soil, the number of twined dodder seedlings was reduced by 56% in one tri...
Analysis of spatially and temporally disjoint precipitation datasets to estimate the 3D distribution of rain

This paper deals with the analysis of remote sensing experiments conducted for the purpose of estimating microwave rain extinction coefficients in intense convective rain events. Because the sensors (NEXRAD, zenith looking radiometer and in-situ rain gauge/disdrometer) sample different portions of the rain column they cannot be compared directly in the time domain. To account for these differences, we use the radar and in-situ sensors to construct the instantaneous 3-D rain volume that fills the upward viewing microwave radiometer antenna field of view. After providing a time series 3-D rain volumes, it will be possible to run a radiative transfer model (RTM) to calculate the theoretical downwelling radiance (bright temperature, Tb), which will be correlated with the radiometer observations. Because the Tb is directly proportional to the rain absorption, it will be possible to iteratively solve for the extinction coefficients using a maximum likelihood estimation approach.
Antiviral treatment of BK virus viremia after kidney transplantation.

Purpose The various antiviral treatment options in the management of BK virus (BKV) viremia and BKV-associated nephropathy (BKVAN) are reviewed. Summary Review of the PubMed database from 1990 to 2016 for all English language case series, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials detailing antiviral treatment of BKV viremia or BKVAN in kidney transplant recipients returned only 16 published reports. The majority of these reports were based on small case series or protocol-based cohort studies, with no prospective head-to-head data and only modest benefit reported for cidofovir, leflunomide, i.v. immunoglobulin (IVIG), and fluoroquinolone therapy. Given the lack of comparative data, appropriate antiviral treatment of BKV viremia should be determined based on institutional immunosuppressive protocols and posttransplantation outcomes. In appropriate patients who are not immunologically sensitized, substituting leflunomide for mycophenolate as part of immunosuppression reduction is reasonable and may result in viral clearance in up to 43% of patients at 4 weeks. In patients with persistent viremia despite immunosuppression reduction, either IVIG 2 g/kg administered over 2–5 days or cidofovir 0.5 mg/kg per week until viral clearance is achieved is generally well tolerated. Otherwise, there is insufficient evidence to recommend the use of fluoroquinolone therapy in either the treatment or prophylaxis of BKV viremia at this time. Conclusion A review of the published literature revealed that certain populations of patients with BKV viremia or BKVAN can benefit from cidofovir, leflunomide, and IVIG therapy, but these data were derived from case series or protocol-driven cohort studies. Providers should treat patients on an individual basis to maximize clinical effectiveness while limiting adverse reactions.
The Effects of Multitasking on Auditors’ Judgment Quality

Auditors must frequently multitask in order to complete their work efficiently. However, the potential impact of multitasking on auditors’ judgment quality is poorly understood. Using Ego Depletion Theory and a laboratory experiment, we predict and find that auditors become less able to identify seeded errors after multitasking, and that this effect is most prominent in the identification of conceptual, rather than mechanical, errors. These negative consequences of multitasking are mitigated when auditors are exposed to an intervention based on a theoretical countermeasure of replenishing depleted self‐control resources, in that multitasking auditors identify more seeded errors with the intervention than without. Given that multitasking is a pervasive feature of the current audit environment, these findings have direct implications for audit practice. Beyond identifying multitasking as a cause of impaired performance in auditing, this study's results provide initial evidence that such negative effects can be mitigated, resulting in improved audit quality and, by extension, improved financial statement quality. Les auditeurs doivent frequemment travailler en mode multitâche pour pouvoir s'acquitter de leurs fonctions avec efficience. Les repercussions potentielles du travail en mode multitâche sur la qualite du jugement des auditeurs sont toutefois mal comprises. Les auteurs, qui s'appuient sur la theorie de la perte d'ego et procedent a une experience en laboratoire, constatent, conformement a leurs predictions, que l'aptitude des auditeurs a reperer des erreurs volontairement introduites diminue lorsqu'ils sont appeles a travailler en mode multitâche et que cette diminution est plus marquee s'il s'agit de reperer des erreurs conceptuelles plutot que mecaniques. Ces repercussions negatives du travail en mode multitâche s'attenuent si les auditeurs sont exposes a une intervention revetant la forme d'une contre‐mesure theoriquement apte a regenerer leur maitrise de soi, puisque les auditeurs travaillant en mode multitâche reperent un plus grand nombre d'erreurs volontairement introduites lorsqu'il y a intervention qu'en l'absence d'intervention. Le travail en mode multitâche etant aujourd'hui generalise dans l'environnement d'audit, ces observations ont une incidence directe sur l'exercice de l'audit. En plus de permettre l'identification du travail en mode multitâche comme facteur nuisible a la qualite de l'audit, les resultats de l’etude livrent les premiers indices de la possibilite d'en attenuer les effets negatifs et d'accroitre ainsi la qualite d'audit et, par extension, celle des etats financiers.
Natural history and clinical detection of undiagnosed coeliac disease in a North American community.

Background Coeliac disease is a substantially underdiagnosed disorder, with clinical testing currently guided by case finding. Aim To determine the presence of indications for diagnostic testing and frequency of clinical testing in undiagnosed coeliac disease. Methods This was a case-control study of adults without prior diagnosis of coeliac disease. Undiagnosed cases were identified through sequential serology, and unaffected age- and gender-matched controls were selected. Medical records were systematically reviewed for indications for and evidence of clinical testing. Results Of 47 557 adults, 408 cases of undiagnosed coeliac disease were identified. 408 serology negative matched controls were selected. Eight-matched pairs were excluded, leading to 800 included individuals (61% female; median age 44.2 years). The odds of any indication for clinical testing were similar among undiagnosed coeliac disease and controls (odds ratio (OR) 1.18; 95% CI: 0.85-1.63, P = 0.32). Most individual indications were not associated with serologic status. Exceptions to this include hypothyroidism, which was more likely in cases of undiagnosed coeliac disease, and dyspepsia and chronic diarrhoea, which were less likely. Cases of undiagnosed coeliac disease were more likely to develop osteoporosis (P = 0.005), dermatitis herpetiformis (P = 0.006), chronic fatigue (P = 0.033), thyroiditis (P = 0.003), autoimmune diseases (P = 0.008), and have a family member diagnosed with coeliac disease (P = 0.001). Conclusion This study strongly suggests that current case finding is not effective in detecting undiagnosed coeliac disease. Individuals with undiagnosed coeliac disease were more likely than controls to develop indications for testing overtime. A more effective method for detection of coeliac disease is needed.
The English Puritans and Spiritual Desertion: A Protestant Perspective on the Place of Spiritual Dryness in the Christian Life:

Spiritual depression is a term originally employed by Dr. Martyn Lloyd-Jones to describe the phenomenon of Christians experiencing a state of the soul that is marked by an unusually potent and long...