cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
BDNF genotype moderates the relation between physical activity and depressive symptoms

Objective: To test whether the BDNF gene interacts with exercise to predict depressive symptoms. Physical activity is associated with a range of positive health outcomes, including fewer depressive symptoms. One plausible mechanism underlying these findings involves Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), a protein hypothesized to limit or repair the damage caused by stress. Physical activity increases expression of BDNF, which may enhance brain health. BDNF expression is controlled by the BDNF gene. Compared with individuals without a BDNF met allele, met-allele carriers have a lower expression of BDNF, which has been associated with Major Depressive Disorder. Design: Eighty-two healthy adolescent girls were genotyped for the BDNF val66met polymorphism, and their depressive symptoms and physical activity were assessed using questionnaires. Main Outcome Measures: BDNF genotype, Children’s Depression Inventory, and the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children and Adolescents. Results: The BDNF polymorphism was found to moderate the relation between exercise and depressive symptoms: being physically active was protective for girls with a BDNF met allele (fewer depressive symptoms) but not for girls with the val/val polymorphism. Conclusion: By integrating psychological and biological factors, the present study enhances our understanding of how physical activity contributes to resilience to psychopathology.
Primitive-based image coding technique for still pictures

A new image coding technique for achieving an extremely high compression ratio while producing good image quality is described. The idea is analogous to that used in forensic applications when constructing a composite image of a criminal from a collection of images of facial features. The imput image is segmented into complicated primitives that are coded using previously constructed database of primitives. A duplicate database is used at the receiver to decode the primitives. The decoded primitives are assembled as in computer animation to produce a faithful reconstruction of the original image. The technique has been applied to head-and-shoulders images and compression ratios over 1000:1 have been achieved. >
AFRICAN CICHLID FISHES: Model Systems for Evolutionary Biology

▪ Abstract Cichlid fishes (Perciformes: Teleostei) found in the lakes of Africa have served as model systems for the study of evolution. The enormous number of species (1000 in Lake Malawi alone), the great diversity of trophic adaptations and behaviors, and the extreme rapidity of their divergence (<50,000 y for some faunas) single out these organisms as examples of evolution in progress. Because these fishes are confined to discrete lacustrine environments and their origination is bounded by geological features, these groups provide models with which to study evolution. We review theoretical studies and empirical research on the cichlid faunas of Africa to provide a synthetic overview of current knowledge of the evolutionary processes at work in this group. This view provides the critical information needed to formulate and test hypotheses that may permit discrimination among the diverse theories and models that have been advanced to explain the evolution of these fishes.
A Dempster-Shafer-based approach to compromise decision making with multiattributes applied to product selection

The Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence is applied to a multiattribute decision-making problem whereby the decision maker (DM) must compromise with available alternatives, none of which exactly satisfies his ideal. The decision mechanism is constrained by the uncertainty inherent in the determination of the relative importance of each attribute element and the classification of existing alternatives. The classification of alternatives is addressed through expert evaluation of the degree to which each element is contained in each available alternative. The relative importance of each attribute element is determined through pairwise comparisons of the elements by the DM and implementation of a ratio-scale quantification method. The belief and plausibility that an alternative will satisfy the DM's ideal are then calculated and combined to rank order the available alternatives. Application to the problem of selecting computer software is given. >
Prevalence and Characteristics of Psychological Abuse Reported by Court-Involved Battered Women

This study describes the prevalence and correlates of psychological abuse in a sample of 3,370 adult women assaulted by male intimate partners. Victims were asked about their history of physical and psychological abuse, characteristics of the current offense, perpetrator characteristics, and their own response to the abuse. Prior psychological abuse was reported by most (80%) of the women, and rarely did physical aggression occur in the absence of psychological abuse. Men with a history of extrafamilial criminality and substance abuse were more likely to engage in psychological abuse, while demographic characteristics of the offenders showed little relationship to the use of these emotionally abusive tactics. Additional analyses suggested that psychological abuse, independent of physical aggression, was related to victims' perceived threat and plans to leave the relationship. These findings indicate the need for evaluation of psychological abuse, independent of physical abuse, to understand its impact on victims.
Capital Structure and Financial Risk: Evidence from Foreign Debt Use in East Asia

Using a data set of East Asian nonfinancial companies, we examine a firm's choice between local, foreign, and synthetic local currency (hedged foreign currency) debt. We find evidence of unique as well as common factors that determine each debt type's use, indicating the importance of examining debt at a disaggregated level. We exploit the Asian financial crisis as a natural experiment to investigate the role of debt type in firm performance. Surprisingly, we find that the use of synthetic local currency debt is associated with the biggest drop in market value, possibly due to currency derivative market illiquidity during the crisis
Model-independent determination of the axial mass parameter in quasielastic neutrino-nucleon scattering

Quasielastic neutrino-nucleon scattering is a basic signal process for neutrino oscillation studies. At accelerator energies, the corresponding cross section is subject to significant uncertainty due to the poorly constrained axial-vector form factor of the nucleon. A model-independent description of the axial-vector form factor is presented. Data from the MiniBooNE experiment for quasielastic neutrino scattering on 12 C are analyzed under the assumption of a definite nuclear model. The value of the axial mass parameter, mA = 0.85 +0.22 −0.07 ± 0.09GeV, is found to differ significantly from extractions based on traditional form factor models. Implications for future neutrino scattering and pion electroproduction measurements are discussed.
Photophysical investigations of interpolymer interactions in solutions of a pyrene substituted poly(acrylic acid), poly(vinyl amine), poly(1‐aminoacrylic acid), and poly(1‐acetylaminoacrylic acid)

Photophysical properties of the pyrene chromophore covalently bound to poly(acrylic acid) were used to investigate the interactions of a pyrene substituted poly(acrylic acid) (1) with poly(vinyl amine hydrochloride) (PVAm), poly(1-aminoacrylic acid) (PDA), and poly(1-acetylaminoacrylic acid) (PADA) in aqueous solutions. A number of photophysical parameters were obtained from fluorescence emission and excitation spectra, the deconvolution of decay curves for pyrene monomer, and excited state complex fluorescence and the quenching of pyrene monomer fluorescence by nitromethane in polymer solutions. These photophysical parameters were considered to reflect the inter- and intrapolymer interactions in solutions of 1, PVAm, PDA, and PADA. The formation of interpolymer complexes between 1 and PVAm was noticed at low ( 8) values, whereas PDA and 1 formed interpolymer complexes at low pH only. No interpolymer complex formation was detected in solutions of 1 and PADA under low or high pH conditions. The structures of interpolymer complexes formed between 1 and PVAm under low and high pH conditions were found to be determined by the conformation of 1. There were significant differences in the interpolymer interactions of 1 and PDA in comparison to those of 1 and PVAm; in particular, the fluorescence from the excited state complex was enhanced in solutions of 1 and PVAm but quenched in solutions of 1 and PDA. The investigations of terpolymer solutions of 1, PVAm, and PADA indicated that the nature of interpolymer complexes formed in terpolymer solutions was determined by Coulombic interactions of the amino and carboxylic group containing polymers.
Bringing the U-haul : Embracing and resisting sexual stereotypes in a lesbian community

I examine the rules of sex and dating in a midwestern white middle-class lesbian community. I interview participants and describe how they comply with these rules, which largely (though not entirely) correspond with stereotypes of white middle-class female sexuality. The participants also describe how through the community rules they resist heterosexual norms of sexuality, which primarily means resistance of stereotypical male sexuality. The women seem unaware of the ways in which they participate in the process of creating and reifying these rules within their community, perceiving themselves instead to be completely ignorant of them. I examine these patterns within the context of the lesbian ‘sex wars’, concluding that the legacy of lesbian feminism has remained surprisingly strong in this community.
An Investigation into Professional Athlete Philanthropy: Why Charity Is Part of the Game

This study explored the philanthropic landscape of professional athletes and their charitable foundations. This research also investigated factors influencing the formation of philanthropic foundations among this group of individuals. First, data were collected to identify athletes in four professional North American sport leagues who had formed charitable foundations. Then, 36 interviews were conducted with athletes, foundation directors, league and team executives and a sport agent to explore the motives and beliefs about philanthropy in professional sport. Using the theory of planned behavior, this paper identified the factors considered in the formation of charitable foundations in this unique group, primarily focusing on attitudes (altruistic and self-interested), perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, self-identity and moral obligation as antecedents to athlete philanthropic activity. The paper also discusses the unique context in which these individuals operate, some of the particular constraints they face, and identifies opportunities for athlete foundations and their partners. The professional sport industry in North America
A study of flank wear in orthogonal cutting with internal cooling

Internal cooling is being paid more and more attention as a means to overcome the limitations of cutting fluids. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of internal cooling on the flank wear of cutting tools in orthogonal cutting. A flank wear model for a cutting tool in orthogonal cutting is presented which is based on previous wear models and includes the normal stress and the effect of thermal softening. The effects of internal heat sink intensity and heat sink area on the flank wear of the cutting tool in orthogonal cutting are demonstrated.
Backward‐bending supply curves and behaviour of subsistence farmers

This paper formulates a model of the peasant economy to test the hypothesis that subsistence farmers are not responsive to economic opportunities and behave according to the notion of a backward‐bending supply curve. The productivity of farmers is analysed with respect to farm size, tenancy, off‐farm income, and other variables. The hypothesis is then tested using data from three paddy areas in Malaysia, each differing in the level of social and economic development. The results indicate that farmers in the more subsistence‐oriented area behave according to the backward‐bending supply curve hypothesis, while the more commercialised farmers do not.
Lyapunov Reducibility of Infinitesimal Perturbations of Equations and Systems

We consider two classes of infinitesimally small perturbations of a given linear differential equation with continuous, possibly unbounded, coefficients. The first class consists of its perturbations in the space of all linear systems and the second class consists of perturbations with somewhat slower decay but in a narrower space, namely the space of systems corresponding to single equations. It is shown that the values of a Lyapunov invariant functional on the first class belong to the range of the same functional on the second class. For systems with bounded coefficients, it is shown that the said sets coincide.
Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs: An Interactive Approach to Self-Care, 18th Edition

Edited by Daniel L. Krinsky, M.S., RPh, Stefanie P. Ferreri, Pharm.D., CDE, FAPhA, Brian A. Hemstreet, Pharm.D., FCCP, BCPS, Anne L. Hume, Pharm.D., FCCP, BCPS, Gail D. Newton, Ph.D., RPh, and Carol J. Rollins, M.S., RD, Pharm.D., BCNSP, Published by the American Pharmacists Association, 2215
Rapid method for the isolation of mammalian sperm DNA.

The unique DNA packaging of spermatozoa renders them resistant to DNA isolation techniques used for somatic cells, requiring alternative methods that are slow and labor intensive. Here we present a rapid method for isolating high-quality sperm DNA. Isolated human sperm cells were homogenized with 0.2 mm steel beads for 5 min at room temperature in the presence of guanidine thiocyanate lysis buffer supplemented with 50 mM tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP). Our method yielded >90% high-quality DNA using 3 different commercially available silica-based spin columns. DNA yields did not differ between immediate isolation (2.84 ± 0.04 pg/cell) and isolation after 2 weeks of homogenate storage at room temperature (2.91 ± 0.13 pg/cell). DNA methylation analyses revealed similar methylation levels at both time points for three imprinted loci. Our protocol has many advantages: it is conducted at room temperature; lengthy proteinase K (ProK) digestions are eliminated; the reducing agent, TCEP, is odorless and stable at room temperature; nucleic acids are stabilized, allowing storage of homogenate; and it is adaptable for other mammalian species. Taken together, the benefits of our improved method have important implications for settings where sample processing constraints exist.
Effects of high intensity noise on the vestibular system in rats

Some individuals with noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) also report balance problems. These accompanying vestibular complaints are not well understood. The present study used a rat model to examine the effects of noise exposure on the vestibular system. Rats were exposed to continuous broadband white noise (0-24 kHz) at an intensity of 116 dB sound pressure level (SPL) via insert ear phones in one ear for three hours under isoflurane anesthesia. Seven days after the exposure, a significant increase in ABR threshold (43.3 ± 1.9 dB) was observed in the noise-exposed ears, indicating hearing loss. Effects of noise exposure on vestibular function were assessed by three approaches. First, fluorescein-conjugated phalloidin staining was used to assess vestibular stereocilia following noise exposure. This analysis revealed substantial sensory stereocilia bundle loss in the saccular and utricular maculae as well as in the anterior and horizontal semicircular canal cristae, but not in the posterior semicircular canal cristae. Second, single unit recording of vestibular afferent activity was performed under pentobarbital anesthesia. A total of 548 afferents were recorded from 10 noise-treated rats and 12 control rats. Noise exposure produced a moderate reduction in baseline firing rates of regular otolith afferents and anterior semicircular canal afferents. Also a moderate change was noted in the gain and phase of the horizontal and anterior semicircular canal afferent's response to sinusoidal head rotation (1 and 2 Hz, 45°/s peak velocity). Third, noise exposure did not result in significant changes in gain or phase of the horizontal rotational and translational vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). These results suggest that noise exposure not only causes hearing loss, but also causes substantial damage in the peripheral vestibular system in the absence of immediate clinically measurable vestibular signs. These peripheral deficits, however, may lead to vestibular disorders over time.
Cantor's Series for Vectors

(1975). Cantor's Series for Vectors. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 82, No. 6, pp. 622-625.
SP0053 Human T Cells Recognize CD1A Antigen Presenting Molecules Bound to Lipid Autoantigens

For decades, human alpha beta T cells were thought to solely or predominantly recognize peptide antigens bound to MHC proteins. However CD1 proteins bind diverse lipid antigens and display them to T cells. These recent studies provide a new perspective on T cell function that expands the range of natural antigens for T cells to include many types of cellular lipids. CD1 proteins are expressed on key antigen presenting cells including B cells, myeloid dendritic cells and Langerhans cells. Many studies now show that CD1 proteins bind and display bacterial antigens for T cell recognition. However, information on lipid autoantigens has been very limited. Using new strategies by which autoantigens are extracted from human tissues and then added back to CD1a proteins, we report that lipid autoantigens for CD1a are hydrophobic oils including squalene, wax esters and free fatty acids. In human patients, CD1a autoreactive T cells are common in the blood and home to skin, joints and other tissues. Certain CD1a autoreactive T cells produce high levels of interleukin-22, a specialized cytokine implicated in inflammation and wound repair, whose production is associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) activity. Whereas clinicians have long understood that oils and lipids have unexplained immunological properties, these studies provide a specific cellular mechanism of T cell response to lipids. Further, these studies of human polyclonal T cells suggest a new mechanism by which tissue damage releases lipid autoantigens and promote cytokine-driven inflammation in the joints and skin. Because all human express nearly identical CD1a proteins, these lipids can be developed as T cell immunomodulatory agents for use in all patients, regardless of the MHC background. Disclosure of Interest None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.6256
Behavior therapy in treating obesity1

Behavior therapy offers a relatively new avenue for treatment of obesity. The author discusses its characteristics and reports specific techniques for effecting behavior change which have been successful in research studies.
Marketing strategies to promote nursing programs and services

Background : The purpose of this article was to discuss commercial, social, and service marketing strategies and best practices to promote nursing programs and services to key partners and stakeholders. Evidence supports that nurses are not inclined to promote or market the nursing profession to the general public or to other professions. Methods and findings : The successful marketing matrix includes product, price, place, promotion, publics, partnerships, policy, purse strings, people, process, and physical evidence. Integrated approaches to marketing nursing programs and services are requisite for organizational viability and sustainability. Analysis of commercial, social, and service marketing theory, principles, and best practices related to marketing nursing programs and services were examined. Evidence and best practices published from 2000 through 2015 were included in this discussion. A model case was used to illustrate marketing principles. Implications for nursing education, practice, and administration are discussed. Successful marketing of nursing programs and services requires an integrated approach that includes market analysis, technology, networking, and community partnerships. Conclusions : Nurses at all levels within an organization have a responsibility in marketing nursing programs and services. Well positioned organizations collect and maintain accurate demographic data that informs service delivery in order to contribute to organizational sustainability and achieve business results.
MPO: A System to Document and Analyze Distributed Heterogeneous Workflows

Large scientific experiments and simulations produce vast quantities of data. Though smaller in volume, the corresponding metadata describing the production, pedigree, and ontology, is just as important as the raw data to the scientific discovery process. Driven by the application needs of a number of large-scale distributed workflows, we develop a metadata capturing and analysis system called MPO short for Metadata, Provenance, Ontology. It seamlessly integrates with most data analysis environments and requires a minimal amount of changes to users' existing analysis programs. Users have the full control of how to instrument their programs to capture as much or as little information as they desire. Once captured in a database system, the workflows can be visualized and studied through a set of web-based tools. In large scientific collaborations where the workflows have been built up over decades, this ability to instrument the complex existing workflows and visualize the key interactions among the software components is tremendously useful.
Proximal forearm extensor muscle strain is reduced when driving nails using a shock-controlled hammer

Abstract Background Repetitive hammer use has been associated with strain and musculoskeletal injuries. This study investigated if using a shock-control hammer reduces forearm muscle strain by observing adverse physiological responses (i.e. inflammation and localized edema) after use. Methods Three matched framing hammers were studied, including a wood-handle, steel-handle, and shock-control hammer. Fifty volunteers were randomly assigned to use one of these hammers at a fatiguing pace of one strike every second, to seat 20 nails in a wood beam. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to scan the forearm muscles for inflammation before the task, immediately after hammering, and one to two days after. Electromyogram signals were measured to estimate grip exertions and localized muscle fatigue. High-speed video was used to calculate the energy of nail strikes. Findings While estimated grip force was similar across the three hammers, the shock-control hammer had 40% greater kinetic energy upon impact and markedly less proximal extensor muscle edema than the wood-handle and steel-handle hammers, immediately after use (p Interpretation Less edema observed for the shock-control hammer suggests that isolating handle shock can mitigate strain in proximal forearm extensor muscles.
Predictors of Recall Error in Self-Report of Age at Alcohol Use Onset

Objective:The present study examined factors associated with recall error in the measurement of alcohol use onset and whether there was a tendency toward earlier or later self-reported age at alcohol use onset.Method:This study estimated the effect of predictors on the presence and direction of recall error for age at alcohol use onset. The sample (n = 1,044) was from an existing longitudinal alcohol prevention trial in urban Chicago. Estimates were derived from a series of logistic regression models comparing agreement between a retrospective and a prospective measure of age at alcohol use onset.Results:Eligibility for free or reduced-price lunch in 6th grade, alcohol use in 6th grade, cigarette use in 12th grade, and alcohol use in 12th grade were significantly associated with recall error of age at alcohol use onset. Self-reported substance use (alcohol and tobacco) in 12th grade was also found to predict a later self-reported age at alcohol use onset when recalled.Conclusions:Those most at risk for th...
PICADOR: End-to-end encrypted Publish–Subscribe information distribution with proxy re-encryption

Abstract This article presents PICADOR, a system for end-to-end encrypted Publish–Subscribe information distribution with proxy re-encryption. PICADOR is designed for topic-based Pub/Sub systems and provides end-to-end payload confidentiality. The main novelty of PICADOR is that it provides an information distribution service with end-to-end encryption where publishers and subscribers do not need to establish shared encryption and decryption keys. Multiple publishers post encrypted information to a Pub/Sub broker which uses Proxy Re-Encryption (PRE) to convert this information into a representation that can only be decrypted by approved subscribers. The broker is unable to decrypt the information. To support PICADOR, we design and implement a novel PRE scheme that leverages a general lattice encryption software library. We prototype our system using a scalable Java-based information substrate that supports topic-based Pub/Sub operations. We experimentally evaluate performance and scalability tradeoffs in the context of enterprise and mobile applications. We discuss design tradeoffs and application-specific customizations.
Improving Collection Browsing: Small World Networking and Gray Code Ordering

Documents in digital and paper libraries may be arranged, based on their topics, in order to facilitate browsing. It may seem intuitively obvious that ordering documents by their subject should imp...
Inter-ictal Seizure Onset Zone localization using unsupervised clustering and Bayesian Filtering

Surgical removal of seizure-generating brain tissue can cure epilepsy in patients who do not respond to medications. However, identifying seizure-generating regions is difficult and fails in many cases. In this paper, we report a fully unsupervised and automated approach to seizure focus localization using a Bayesian filter. This method uses a spectral domain feature, Power in Bands (PIB). PIB is extracted from inter-ictal (non-seizure) intracranial EEG recordings of patients with focal epilepsy to differentiate normal and abnormal brain regions. This study was carried out using data collected from 34 patients with focal epilepsy at the Mayo Clinic. Experiments show that using a Bayesian filter for capturing temporal properties of the iEEGs recorded from epileptic brains remarkably improves localization accuracy (AUC: 0.63 → 0.72). Our study also reaffirms that high-frequency oscillations and inter-ictal spikes are useful inter-ictal biomarkers of the epileptic brain, and PIB, which could be implemented with relatively low computational burden, performs as well as the standard bio-markers when used in this setting.We conclude that the technique of extracting spectral features from inter-ictal iEEGs and capturing their temporal properties via a Bayesian filter markedly improves our ability to localize seizure onset zones.
NO-H2S-Releasing Chimeras as a Multifaceted Approach to Cancer Therapy

Abstract Resistance to chemotherapy whether it is intrinsic or acquired is potentially a major problem that often times leads to poor patient outcomes. Therefore, designing novel anticancer drugs with improved efficacy, lower side effects, and potential synergy with existing chemotherapeutic drugs is of utmost importance. Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are two gasotransmitters that regulate a number of key biological functions. Both appear to have dichotomous actions in cancer biology, yet they may prove to hold major key roles in unraveling the challenges that are encountered in cancer treatment. In this chapter, we have presented the rationale for designing anticancer compounds that incorporate these gasotransmitters, briefly discussing the various classes of NO-releasing agents that are in various stages of development. We have then focused on the more recent H2S-releasing pharmaceuticals and also the so-called NOSH compounds that release both NO and H2S.
Engendering Cohesive Software Development Teams: Should we focus on Interdependence or Autonomy?

Abstract Empirical evidence suggests that both autonomy and interdependence are important considerations in team design. But how do interdependence and autonomy affect team cohesiveness, an important antecedent of team performance? The results of this multi-year study with software development projects show that task interdependence and task autonomy have both synergistic and antagonistic impacts on team cohesiveness. At high levels of outcome (goal) interdependence, task autonomy and task interdependence have a synergistic impact on team cohesion, while at low levels of outcome interdependence, task autonomy and task interdependence have an antagonistic impact on team cohesion. Further, taylorist teams showed lower cohesiveness compared to agile teams.
Expansion of an ultracold Rydberg plasma

We report a systematic experimental and numerical study of the expansion of ultracold Rydberg plasmas. Specifically, we have measured the asymptotic expansion velocities, ${v}_{0}$, of ultracold neutral plasmas (UNPs) which evolve from cold, dense samples of Rydberg rubidium atoms using ion time-of-flight spectroscopy. From this, we have obtained values for the effective initial plasma electron temperature, ${T}_{e,0}={m}_{\mathrm{ion}}{v}_{0}^{2}/{k}_{B}$ (where ${m}_{\mathrm{ion}}$ is the ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{+}$ ion mass), as a function of the original Rydberg atom density and binding energy, ${E}_{b,i}$. We have also simulated numerically the interaction of UNPs with a large reservoir of Rydberg atoms to obtain data to compare with our experimental results. We find that for Rydberg atom densities in the range ${10}^{7}--{10}^{9} {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, for states with principal quantum number $ng40, {T}_{e,0}$ is insensitive to the initial ionization mechanism which seeds the plasma. In addition, the quantity ${k}_{B}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{T}_{e,0}$ is strongly correlated with the fraction of atoms which ionize, and is in the range $0.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}|{E}_{b,i}|\ensuremath{\lesssim}{k}_{B}{T}_{e,0}\ensuremath{\lesssim}2.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}|{E}_{b,i}|$. On the other hand, plasmas from Rydberg samples with $n\ensuremath{\lesssim}40$ evolve with no significant additional ionization of the remaining atoms once a threshold number of ions has been established. The dominant interaction between the plasma electrons and the Rydberg atoms is one in which the atoms are deexcited, a heating process for electrons that competes with adiabatic cooling to establish an equilibrium where ${T}_{e,0}$ is determined by their Coulomb coupling parameter, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{e}\ensuremath{\sim}0.01$.
The Effect of Atmospheric Transformation Upon the Bacterial Mutagenicity of Airborne Organics: The Epa Experience

Air pollution obviously can exist in almost any defined environment. For example, cigarette smoking contributes to pollutant levels in homes, businesses, and occupational settings. Automotive exhaust has some measurable impact upon most outdoor areas. Fugitive emissions are associated with many industrial processes. In addition, most defined environments contain pollutants from a mixture of sources, and these sources contribute proportionately different amounts of organic and inorganic materials. To complicate the picture even further, these atmospheric pollutants interact in various ways depending upon the environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, light, humidity, etc.). Individuals, therefore, are exposed to a very large number of organic and inorganic pollutants, each of which is present in relatively minute quantities and many of which are secondary rather than primary pollutants. In spite of these rather universally accepted observations, most health research has examined the toxicology of source compounds. Examples of source compounds include: (1) compounds that are the end products or major by-products of an industrial process, such as trichloroethylene; (2) compounds that are readily identified just prior to and immediately after release into the atmosphere, such as benzo(a)pyrene associated with coke oven emissions; and (3) compounds that are in common use within the environment and are likely to exhibit some form of toxicity, such as pesticides. Since these source compounds are subject to chemical reactions within the atmosphere, most populations of interest may not be exposed to these source compounds. Instead, they may be exposed to secondary pollutants (i.e., reaction by-products) of these compounds.
Marketing Systems for Three Major Fruits and Vegetables: Oranges, Apples, and Tomatoes

Each different fruit or vegetable has its own particular characterictics which make it unique with respect to growing, storing, packing, grading, shipping, wholesaling, and retailing. There are some similarities, though, in the way different fresh fruits and vegetables are marketed, because of similar physical and economic properties. These similarities and differences will be illustrated by examining some features of the marketing systems for oranges, apples, and tomatoes.
APPROXIMATING CAT CE MAPS BY CAT HOMEOMORPHISMS

This chapter describes the approximating CAT CE maps by CAT homeomorphisms. It presents an assumption where f: M→N is a CE map between manifolds of dimension n≥6. Siebenmann shows that f can be approximated by a homeomorphism. The chapter discusses that if f is CAT (=DIFF or PL) then f can be approximated through CAT maps by a CAT homeomorphism if and only if an obstruction in H 3 vanishes. The theory in the PL category is analogous to but differs slightly from that of Cohen-Sullivan, which predates Siebenmann's theorem. In a CAT CE level-preserving concordance F:M×I→N×I , the requirement that f t =f 0 for t near 0 and f t = f 1 for t near 1need no longer be checked if F is known to be level preserving. Indeed, even if F is not level preserving, after an application of the squeezing lemma near N×I it will be.
Review: Seizing Jerusalem: The Architectures of Unilateral Unification, by Alona Nitzan-Shiftan

Alona Nitzan-Shiftan Seizing Jerusalem: The Architectures of Unilateral Unification Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2017, 376 pp., 8 color and 129 b/w illus. $39.95 (paper), ISBN 9780816694280 Seizing Jerusalem elegantly entwines the history of modern architecture with nation building and state policy. In particular, it weaves the history of architecture together with the history of Zionism after the 1967 Six-Day War and the unification of Jerusalem, when the city's population tripled in size. This book is not the first to examine the development of modern architecture in Israel and its connection to sociopolitical issues. The controversial 2003 publication A Civilian Occupation is perhaps the most familiar to architectural historians, yet a number of important books have tackled this subject.1 What makes Alona Nitzan-Shiftan's study unique, however, is her thorough exploration of “the agency of architecture” (3). She underscores the impact of architecture on sociopolitical formations, as opposed to the reverse, and explains that she views architecture “neither as a mere reflection of the agenda of individual architects, nor as a spatial technique representing meaning beyond its confines” (3). Echoing observations by many architectural historians of the modern Middle East, in chapter 1 Nitzan-Shiftan considers the evident tensions between modernist architecture's investments in history and its orientation toward the future.2 After World War II, while the Israeli nation aspired to be modern, it was at the same time deeply invested in its ancient roots. In chapter 2, Nitzan-Shiftan traces works by a generation of architects who were mostly born and raised in Israel, commonly known as the sabra (Israeli-born) architects. Through analysis of select examples, such as housing in Giloh by Ram Karmi and Ma'alot Dafna by the Sho”p Team, she shows how sabra architects appropriated Palestinian vernacular and religious sites understood to have links to a Jewish past. She argues that this approach was rooted in Israeli nationalism, but it also owed much to the contemporaneous global embrace of phenomenological approaches to architecture, widely known …
Accelerated rejection, thrombosis, and graft failure with angiotensin II type 1 receptor antibodies.

Background Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antibodies (AT1R-Abs) have been implicated in renal transplant rejection and failure; however, the mechanism of allograft damage, patterns of clinical presentation, and response to desensitization of AT1R-Abs have not been clearly established.
Stepwise decrease of 2,4-D and addition of BA in subculture medium stimulated shoot regeneration and somatic embryogenesis in buffalograss

Plant regeneration of buffalograss `Texoka' was achieved through both somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis by culturing immature male inflorescences collected from field-grown plants. Three passages of subculture for calluses derived from male `Texoka' on medium containing 2.25, 4.5, or 9 μM 2,4-D combined with either 0.44 μM or 1.32 μM BA led to shoot formation via organogenesis. Higher concentrations of 2,4-D (4.5 or 9 μM) resulted in higher percentages of embryogenic callus while 2,4-D at 2.25 μM generated shoot-producing callus but with a lower percentage of embryogenic callus. Transfer of calluses from medium containing 4.5 μM 2,4-D and 0.44 μM BA to the somatic embryo initiation medium containing 0.9 μM 2,4-D gelled with either 7 g 1−1 agar or 3 g 1−1 Gelrite led to the formation of somatic embryos. Somatic embryo initiation medium gelled with 3 g 1−1 Gelrite led to significantly higher frequency of somatic embryo formation than in medium gelled with 7 g 1−1 agar. Callus of a female genotype `315' generated under similar treatments did not produce shoots or somatic embryos.
Death in Tibetan Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhist understandings of the death process bridge scientific, materialist observations and religio-spiritual interpretations. Tibetan Buddhism and medicine overlap in the context of death, and doctors of Tibetan medicine are trained in tantric Buddhist theories as well as anatomy and pharmacology. Based on written as well as contemporary oral sources, this essay explores Buddhist concepts of the process of dying and the experiences of consciousness as it transitions from one life to the next. It describes end-of-life rituals and funerary customs, notions of timely versus untimely death, and the possibility of returning from death to one’s previous life. A Tibetan Buddhist perspective challenges reductionist western medical theories that refuse to allow for the continuation of consciousness at death. In modern medical contexts, Buddhist theories of karma and rebirth influence treatment decisions such that, as opposed to prolonging life for as long as possible, people are encouraged to accept the certainty of death and learn to face death with less anxiety. From a Tibetan Buddhist perspective, a good death is more valuable than a prolonged life.
Reflection of Seismic and Solar Irregularities in Hydrogeological Fields of Kyrgyzstan

The unity of exogenous and endogenous components in the regime of hydrogeological fields of Kyrgyzstan is shown on the basis of the addition of the index of solar activity as a participant in the system of «atmospheric–cosmic phenomena–groundwater– earthquakes».The output of changes in concentration in hydrogeological fields beyond both the minimum and maximum levels is divided into a system with stable and unstable equilibria. Various effects in a water-gas mixture are associated with inhomogeneous paths of their penetration, including from solar activity. It is believed that taking this into account can serve as the basis for the integration of methods based on the theory of pulsating earth and reflection theory in the search for harbingers of natural disasters.
One-carbon metabolism-related micronutrients intake and risk for hepatocellular carcinoma: A prospective cohort study.

Deficient intake of micronutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism (eg, choline, methionine, vitamin B12 and folic acid) leads to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in rodents, but is under-investigated in humans. We investigated the association between one-carbon metabolism-related micronutrient intake and HCC risk in a prospective cohort of 494 860 participants with 16 years of follow-up in the NIH-AARP study. Dietary intakes and supplement use were ascertained at baseline using a food-frequency questionnaire. Total intake (diet plus supplements) of the following one-carbon metabolism-related micronutrients were calculated: folate, methionine and vitamins B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B6 and B12 . These micronutrients were examined both individually and simultaneously, with adjustment for covariates. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Over the 16-year follow-up period, 647 incident HCC cases were diagnosed. When examined individually, higher total vitamin B3 intake was associated with a lower HCC risk (HRQ5 vs Q1 = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.42-0.85; Ptrend = .008), and the association remained significant when all six micronutrients were examined simultaneously (HRQ5 vs Q1 = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.18-0.55; Ptrend 3 years of follow-up, higher total vitamin B3 intake was again associated with lower risk (HRQ5 vs Q1 = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.20-0.68; Ptrend = .001), whereas higher total vitamin B6 intake was associated with higher risk (HRQ5 vs Q1 = 2.04; 95% CI = 1.02-4.07; Ptrend = .04). Restricted cubic spline analyses showed a dose-response inverse association between total vitamin B3 intake and HCC risk, and dose-response positive association between total vitamin B6 intake and HCC risk. The study suggests that higher vitamin B3 intake is associated with lower HCC risk, whereas higher vitamin B6 intake is associated with increased risk.
Abstract 5863: Improved conversion in extraction, library construction, and capture improve sensitivity for variants in liquid biopsy samples

Demonstrate performance of a complete automation and reagent workflow for analysis of cfDNA from bodily fluids. The efficient extraction of cfDNA from bodily fluids is a unique challenge due to the very low concentrations of nucleic acid. The extraction process along with library preparation is a laborious workflow, where human variability can lead to increased variability in the downstream analysis. Integrated DNA Technology (IDT) and Beckman Coulter (BC) have teamed up to provide a complete automation and reagent workflow for analysis of low frequency variants in cfDNA. The Apostle MiniMax™ High Efficiency Isolation Kit from BC provides complex, utilized magnetic nanoparticles to effectively capture cfDNA. IDT9s library prep kit utilizes novel chemistry to maximize conversion, suppress adapter-dimer formation, reduce chimera rates, and facilitate double strand consensus analysis to call ultra-low frequency variants. Finally, IDT9s xGen™ hybrid capture products maintain high library diversity and on-target rates to enable low frequency variant calling regardless of panel size. The Biomek i5 and i7 Hybrid workstations bring out the best performance from these reagents. The Biomek NGS workstations protocol is written with a modular design with safe stop points, making it customizable for each lab. The automated protocol uses Beckman9s Demonstrated Method Interface tools which include: Biomek Method Launcher to run the method without going into Biomek software, Method Options Selector to choose the run parameters with a user friendly interface, Guided labware Setup to set the deck with labware based on the run parameters, DeckOptix Final Check software to help reduce deck setup errors. We demonstrate the performance of this complete workflow with a range of plasma inputs (4-8 mL). Using control samples with known variant frequencies, the workflow yields high library complexity, 100% positive predictive value, and reliable detection of Citation Format: Nicole Roseman, Shilpa Parakh, Hsiao-Yun Huang, Kevin Lai, Timothy Barnes, Lyn Lewis, Ushati Das Chakravarty, Anastasia Potts, Alisa Jackson, Amy Yoder, Jessica Sheu, Tzu-Chun Chen. Improved conversion in extraction, library construction, and capture improve sensitivity for variants in liquid biopsy samples [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5863.
Data-Driven Stochastic Model Predictive Control for DC-Coupled Residential PV-Storage Systems

This paper develops a stochastic model predictive control (SMPC) based framework for the real-time operation of residential-scale DC-coupled PV-storage systems. The proposed framework combines bivariate Markov chains to build the uncertainty model of PV generation and residential load, a Bayesian approach based recursive learning of the Markov model, and a scenario-based formulation for the SMPC problem. This approach operates in real-time, thus minimizing the impact of the mismatch between the forecasted data and the actual observation on the system performance by updating the control decisions with the realization of the stochastic parameters at each time step. Load and PV generation are jointly modeled, and the interdependence between them is accounted for through bivariate Markov chains. The use of recursive online learning guarantees that the uncertainty model is continuously updated to enhance its prediction capabilities for scenario generation. The numerical simulations using real-world data demonstrate the enhanced performance of the proposed approach over the conventional approaches, on a par with model predictive control with complete knowledge of the uncertainties.
When Mind Meets the Brain: Essentials of Well-Coordinated Management of Psychiatric Disorders in Neurological Diseases.

Background The management of psychiatric disorders in neurological diseases (PDND) creates special challenges that cannot be adequately addressed by either psychiatry or neurology alone. However, the literature on clinician-friendly recommendations on how to coordinate neurological and psychiatric care is limited. Objective This narrative review will provide practical instructions on how to efficiently integrate psychiatric and neurological care in inpatient management of PDND. Methods We reviewed articles published as recently as January, 2021 in five electronic databases. We included articles that assessed human care, focused on adults, and examined how to better coordinate care between different medical specialties, particularly, between psychiatry and neurology. Results Eighty-four manuscripts were included in this review, of which 23 (27%) discussed general principles of well-coordinated care of PDND in inpatient settings (first part of this review), and 61 (73%) were used to provide recommendations in specific neurological diseases (second part of this review). Conclusions General principles of well-coordinated care of PDND include recommendations for both the primary team (usually neurology) and the consulting team (psychiatry). Primary teams should delineate a specific question, establish roles, and follow up on the recommendations of the consulting team. Consultants should do their independent assessment, be organized and specific in their recommendations, and anticipate potential problems. One of the most important aspect to develop well-coordinated care is the establishment of clear, frank and, preferably oral, communication between the teams. Practical difficulties in the management of PDND include pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions as well as mutual dependency between psychiatry and neurology.