cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ReadDuo: Constructing Reliable MLC Phase Change Memory through Fast and Robust Readout

Phase change memory (PCM) has emerged as a promising non-volatile memory technology. Multi-level cell (MLC) PCM, while effectively reducing per bit fabrication cost, suffers from resistance drift based soft errors. It is challenging to construct reliable MLC chips that achieve high performance, high storage density, and low energy consumption simultaneously. In this paper, we propose ReadDuo, a fast and robust readout solution to address resistance drift in MLC PCM. We first integrate fast current sensing and resistance drift resilient voltage sensing, which exposes performance optimization opportunities without sacrificing reliability. We then devise last writes tracking and selective different write schemes to minimize performance and energy consumption overhead in scrubbing. Our experimental results show that ReadDuo achieves 37% improvement on average over existing solutions when considering performance, dynamic energy consumption, and storage density all together.
Good news and bad news.

Key Points: Current delivery systems for the Sapien XT valve for the native pulmonary valve are unacceptable stiff and poorly design for implantation in the pulmonary outflow tract. This report details improvisation of the Melody Ensemble for easier pulmonary outflow tract delivery of the Sapien XT valve. The unacceptable cost of the utilization of two delivery systems for valve implantation, requires industry development of an safe, effective delivery system appropriate for the pulmonary outflow tract.
Translanguaging with multilingual students: Learning from classroom moments, Edited by O. García & T. Kleyn, New York, NY: Routledge, 2016, 236 Pages, $49.95 (paperback), $160.00 (hardcover). ISBN-13: 978-1138906983

In Translanguaging With Multilingual Students: Learning from Classroom Moments, Garcia and Kleyn and their contributors depict how translanguaging pedagogies manifest in everyday classroom practice...
Representation of Darfur Conflict in Diasporic Media

Representations of events are particularly important when discussing issues of war and genocide. Diasporic media is a contingent aid in documenting such events and provides an important alternative for people who are victims of conflict to be aware of vital information and a tool to discuss the issues of diasporic groups. Existing scholarship has primarily focused on media coverage of conflict in Western news sources. This study aims to examine the representations of conflict in a diasporic media outlet, SudanTribune.com, particularly in the case of the War of Darfur. Informed by the alternative media theory, which posits that the role of small-scale, grassroots and non-commercially active media should be critical and speak for particular groups, this study explores how this type of media allows for people to tell their “own stories.”
Increasing verbal knowledge mediates development of multidimensional emotion representations

How do people represent their own and others' emotional experiences? Contemporary emotion theories and growing evidence suggest that the conceptual representation of emotion plays a central role in how people understand the emotions both they and other people feel.1-6 Although decades of research indicate that adults typically represent emotion concepts as multidimensional, with valence (positive-negative) and arousal (activating-deactivating) as two primary dimensions,7-10 little is known about how this bidimensional (or circumplex) representation arises.11 Here we show that emotion representations develop from a monodimensional focus on valence to a bidimensional focus on both valence and arousal from age 6 to age 25. We investigated potential mechanisms underlying this effect and found that increasing verbal knowledge mediated emotion representation development over and above three other potential mediators: (i) fluid reasoning, (ii) the general ability to represent non-emotional stimuli bidimensionally, and (iii) task-related behaviors (e.g., using extreme ends of rating scales). These results suggest that verbal development facilitates the expansion of emotion concept representations (and potentially emotional experiences) from a "positive or negative" dichotomy in childhood to a multidimensional organization in adulthood.
Lymph Node Metastasis

Lymph node metastases (LNMets) are common problems for patients and those involved in their management. Patients with LNMets from various cancers are often at a higher risk for death from cancer than those whose lymph nodes (LNs) are free of cancer. Clinical and pathologic staging of cancer is dependent upon identification of LNMets. Understanding how tumor cells migrate to LNs is still evolving. The relationship among LNMets and systemic metastases are vigorously debated; those who believe that LNMets merely identify those tumors that have probably already metastasized systemically (“marker” hypothesis) and those who believe that systemic metastases are derived from passage through regional LNs and only very rarely by direct blood vessel invasion (“incubator” hypothesis). Diagnosis and treatment of LNMets has advanced significantly over the past century and it seems likely that further improvements will develop. This chapter is a brief introduction into the present understanding of LNMets.
The Formative Period of American Capitalism: A materialist interpretation

This book is a general history of the growth of US capitalism as interpreted through Marxist theory. While there is much potential here, the argument of the book is difficult to follow and the text...
Intergroup Socialization: The Influence of Parents’ Family Communication Patterns on Adult Children’s Racial Prejudice and Tolerance

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of family communication environments on children’s intergroup socialization. Adult children (n = 200) reported on their parents’ conformity an...
Chemotherapy of Brainstem Gliomas

Abstract Brainstem gliomas represent approximately 10%–20% of pediatric brain tumors, and can affect children at all ages. Brainstem gliomas represent a spectrum of disease entities, ranging from low-grade tumors which may require only limited treatment and carry a favorable prognosis to high-grade tumors that are rapidly fatal despite aggressive multimodal therapy. In this chapter, we review the disease biology and current diagnostic as well as therapeutic approaches to young patients with brainstem gliomas.
Nuclear speckle fusion via long-range directional motion regulates the number and size of speckles

Although the formation of RNA-protein bodies has been studied intensively, their mobility and how their number and size are regulated are still poorly understood. Here, we show significant increased mobility of nuclear speckles after transcriptional inhibition, including long-range directed motion of one speckle towards another speckle, terminated by speckle fusion, over distances up to 4 um and with velocities between 0.2-1.5 micron/min. Frequently, 3 or even 4 speckles follow very similar paths, with new speckles appearing along the path followed by a preceding speckle. Speckle movements and fusion events contribute to fewer but larger speckles after transcriptional inhibition. These speckle movements are not actin-dependent, but occur within chromatin-depleted channels enriched with small granules containing the speckle-marker protein SON. Our observations suggest a mechanism for long-range, directed nuclear speckle movements, contributing to overall regulation of nuclear speckle number and size as well as overall nuclear organization.
Epigenetics of T cell aging.

T cells are a heterogeneous population of cells that differ in their differentiation stages. Functional states are reflected in the epigenome that confers stability in cellular identity and is therefore important for naive as well as memory T cell function. In many cellular systems, changes in chromatin structure due to alterations in histone expression, histone modifications and DNA methylation are characteristic of the aging process and cause or at least contribute to cellular dysfunction in senescence. Here, we review the epigenetic changes in T cells that occur with age and discuss them in the context of canonical epigenetic marks in aging model systems as well as recent findings of chromatin accessibility changes in T cell differentiation. Remarkably, transcription factor networks driving T cell differentiation account for many of the age-associated modifications in chromatin structures suggesting that loss of quiescence and activation of differentiation pathways are major components of T cell aging.
Ideal Habitual Domains

Ideal Habitual Domains We have used the concepts of habitual domains to discuss a number of problems that can occur in our lives. In abstract, each living thing is represented by an HD. It is natural to ask what could be an ideal HD for life. This is a complex philosophic problem. As our HDs evolve with our own unique experience and learning, each one of us must have our own unique ideal HD, which itself may also evolve with time. The reader may want to pause to think what is his/her ideal HD for life.
Rethinking our maxims: Perceptual salience and practical judgment in Kantian ethics

Some contemporary Kantians have argued that one could not be virtuous without having internalized certain patterns of awareness that permit one to identify and respond reliably to moral reasons for action. I agree, but I argue that this insight requires unrecognized, far‐reaching, and thoroughly welcome changes in the traditional Kantian understanding of maxims and virtues. In particular, it implies that one's characteristic emotions and desires will partly determine one's maxims, and hence the praiseworthiness of one's actions. I try to show this by pointing out an instability in the Kantian understanding of maxims. On the one hand, maxims are thought of as consciously affirmed, subjective principles of action. On the other hand, Kantians claim that nothing counts as an action, nor as morally assessable, unless it has a maxim. One cannot take both thoughts seriously without implausibly constricting the range of behavior that counts as action, hence as morally assessable. This difficulty can be overcome, I suggest, by jettisoning the idea that maxims must be consciously affirmed, and by stressing the way in which maxims are grounded in the pruning and shaping of one's emotions and desires during socialization. This opens the door to a rich Kantian theory of virtue. It also raises questions about the scope and ground of our moral responsibility, which I address at the end of the paper.
The Coevolution of Objects and Boundaries over Time: Materiality, Affordances, and Boundary Salience

Diane E. Bailey is an associate professor at the School of Information at the University of Texas at Austin, where she studies technology and work in information and technical occupations. Her rese...
Women in Law Enforcement and Police Use of Deadly Force

We test the hypothesis that law enforcement agencies that have a larger share of female officers should experience lower rates of police use of deadly force. We use the Law Enforcement Management a...
A Note on Building Proxy Volatility Cubes

In this note, we introduce a simple approach for building volatility cubes of an interest-rate index based on the existing volatility cube of another index. Our approach can be formulated as a specific linear factor model, but it is dynamical in nature, and has the advantage of simple, explicit formulas for the ATM implied volatility and skew. As an example, we will construct SOFR volatility smiles from LIBOR-based ones.
DriveID: safety innovation through individuation.

The driving task is highly complex and places considerable perceptual, physical and cognitive demands on the driver. As driving is fundamentally an information processing activity, distracted or impaired drivers have diminished safety margins compared with non- distracted drivers (Hancock and Parasuraman, 1992; TRB 1998 a & b). This competition for sensory and decision making capacities can lead to failures that cost lives. Some groups, teens and elderly drivers for example, have patterns of systematically poor perceptual, physical and cognitive performance while driving. Although there are technologies developed to aid these different drivers, these systems are often misused and underutilized. The DriveID project aims to design and develop a passive, automated face identification system capable of robustly identifying the driver of the vehicle, retrieve a stored profile, and intelligently prescribing specific accident prevention systems and driving environment customizations. Language: en
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Pediatric Patients with Chronic Widespread Musculoskeletal Pain

Widespread musculoskeletal pain is a chronic and debilitating pain condition associated with impairment in multiple domains of functioning, with notable declines in physical functioning and difficulty tolerating basic activities such as attending school, spending time with friends, and helping with chores. Activity limitations and physical deconditioning may present challenges for mental health clinicians seeking to provide intervention. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based, effective treatment modality to reduce functional disability and improve pain-specific cognitions (e.g., fear of movement, pain catastrophizing) in youth with widespread musculoskeletal pain. In addition to psychoeducation and relaxation training, CBT for chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain has a strong emphasis on resuming normal physical functioning using behavioral activation, activity pacing with scheduled breaks, and cognitive restructuring for maladaptive pain-specific beliefs. Additionally, there is evidence that incorporating graded exercise training within treatment can be particularly useful to build endurance and address physical deconditioning.
An Integrated Structural Equation Model of eHealth Behavioral Intention

eHealth offers promising tools and services to manage and improve the quality of health as well as the potential to provide accessible health information all over the world. The relatively low adoption rates among eHealth users motivates us to develop an integrated model to explain the learning process and provide essential antecedents of eHealth behavioral intention. The integrated model is empirically tested by using different structural equation modeling (SEM) methods, including partial least squares SEM (PLS-SEM), PLSc, and covariance-based SEM (CB-SEM). The model successfully explains the learning process and provides essential antecedents of eHealth behavioral intention. The findings support the interplay of social, cognitive, and personal factors that impact 18-30-year-old users' learning process related to eHealth behavioral intention. The results empirically show that these three types of SEM techniques provide consistent results with respect to path coefficients and coefficients of determination. The findings indicate that CB-SEM and PLS-SEM provide adverse consequences of interaction-term path coefficients.
Partial difference sets in C2n×C2n

Abstract Let G n denote the group C 2 n × C 2 n , where C k is the cyclic group of order k . We give an algorithm for enumerating the regular nontrivial partial difference sets (PDS) in G n . We use our algorithm to obtain all of these PDS in G n for 2 ≤ n ≤ 9 , and we obtain partial results for n = 10 and n = 11 . Most of these PDS are new. For n ≤ 4 we also identify group-inequivalent PDS. Our approach involves constructing tree diagrams and canonical colorings of these diagrams. Both the total number and the number of group-inequivalent PDS in G n appear to grow super-exponentially in n . For n = 9 , a typical canonical coloring represents in excess of 1 0 146 group-inequivalent PDS, and there are precisely 2 520 reversible Hadamard difference sets.
Using Inferred Mobility Status to Estimate the Time to Major Depressive Disorder Diagnosis Post-Spinal Cord Injury.

Abstract Objective Estimate (1) prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnosis; (2) risk factors associated with MDD diagnosis; (3) time at which MDD is diagnosed post–spinal cord injury (SCI); and (4) interaction of inferred mobility status (IMS) in a commercially insured population over 3 years. Design Retrospective longitudinal cohort design. Setting A commercial insurance claims database from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2013. Participants Individuals with an index cervical or thoracic SCI in 2011 or 2012, without history of MDD ≤30 days pre-SCI (N=1409). Intervention Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Prevalence of, risk factors associated with, and time to MDD diagnosis post-SCI. A stratified survival analysis using IMS, based upon durable medical equipment (DME) claims, was also completed. Results Post-SCI, 294 out of 1409 (20.87%) were diagnosed with new-onset MDD. Significant (P 30 days pre-SCI, catheter claims, and 2 of 5 IMS comparisons. Median time to MDD was 74 days. Survival analysis demonstrated a significant difference between 4 of 10 IMS comparisons. Conclusions Prevalence of MDD post-SCI is greater than the general population. Stratification by IMS illustrated that individuals with greater inferred reliance on DME are at a greater risk for MDD and have shorter time to MDD diagnosis post-SCI.
Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Is Not Associated With Future Clostridium difficile Infection.

INTRODUCTION Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is associated with many gastrointestinal disorders, including gastric cancer, and consensus guidelines recommend eradication after detection. There is a theoretical, yet uninvestigated, concern that HP treatment could increase the risk of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Using the data from a large cohort of patients with HP, we investigated whether HP eradication is associated with CDI. METHODS A retrospective cohort study within the Veterans Health Administration on 38,535 patients (median age 61.8 years; 91.8% men) with detected HP between January 1, 1994, and December 31, 2018 was conducted. Primary outcome was a positive laboratory test for CDI within 3 months of HP detection. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated the following: patient demographics, previous CDI, recent hospitalization, and whether the patient received HP eradication therapy (by antibiotic and regimen, and including proton pump therapy). Secondary analysis of those treated evaluated whether eradication of HP was associated with CDI. RESULTS Among 38,535 patients, 28,818 (74.8%) were treated for HP and 284 (0.74%) developed CDI. In multivariable analysis, prominent factors included hospital discharge within 12 weeks (odds ratio [OR] 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-3.77) and 4 weeks (OR 3.46; 95% CI: 2.18-5.48), P < 0.001, and previous CDI (OR 12.5; 95% CI: 9.21-17.0, P < 0.001). Treatment of HP was not associated with future CDI. In secondary analysis of those treated, confirmation of eradication was not associated with future CDI (OR 1.49; 95% CI: 0.67-3.29). DISCUSSION In a large study of US patients with HP, we demonstrate that neither treatment nor eradication of HP is associated with CDI. Previous C. difficile infection and recent hospital discharge, established risk factors for CDI, are strongly associated. These findings suggest that treatment should be continued to be prescribed when HP is detected (http://links.lww.com/AJG/B507).
An atlas of neural crest lineages along the posterior developing zebrafish at single-cell resolution

Neural crest cells (NCCs) are vertebrate stem cells that give rise to various cell types throughout the developing body in early life. Here, we utilized single-cell transcriptomic analyses to delineate NCC-derivatives along the posterior developing vertebrate, zebrafish, during the late embryonic to early larval stage, a period when NCCs are actively differentiating into distinct cellular lineages. We identified several major NCC/NCC-derived cell-types including mesenchyme, neural crest, neural, neuronal, glial, and pigment, from which we resolved over three dozen cellular subtypes. We dissected gene expression signatures of pigment progenitors delineating into chromatophore lineages, mesenchyme subtypes, and enteric NCCs transforming into enteric neurons. Global analysis of NCC derivatives revealed they were demarcated by combinatorial hox gene codes, with distinct profiles within neuronal cells. From these analyses, we present a comprehensive cell-type atlas that can be utilized as a valuable resource for further mechanistic and evolutionary investigations of NCC differentiation.
Defining the Academic Field of Interreligious Studies

The emergence of Interreligious Studies (IRS) as a recognized academic field is relatively recent, despite several decades if not centuries of scholars engaging in research, teaching, and activism that today could fall under IRS. The past decade has spawned significant scholarly attempts to define IRS and has produced academic programs, conferences, journals, and associations devoted to it. This article collates recent attempts to define IRS by identifying common family resemblances among them, especially insofar as IRS remains distinct from other academic fields, and inquires about major attempts to define the field by identifying a common thread, if there is one, that runs through all attempts. Significant boundaries of IRS are delineated, especially in relation to other approaches to the study of religion (e.g., religious studies and theological studies). In so doing, this article identifies four common characteristics of IRS; it is a) descriptive, b) normative and prescriptive, c) self-implicating, and d) multi-, inter-, and trans-disciplinary.
The interaction of negative psychological well-being and picky eating in relation to disordered eating in undergraduate students.

The extant literature on picky eating focuses on children, leaving adults understudied. A sparse and mixed evidence base suggests relationships exist between picky eating and disordered eating in adults. The present study furthered this research by examining shared negative psychological correlates as moderators that may strengthen relationships between picky eating and disordered eating in undergraduate students. Participants (N = 509; 76.3% female) completed a cross-sectional survey assessing picky eating (Adult Picky Eating Questionnaire), disordered eating (Binge Eating Scale and Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire), and negative psychological correlates including anxiety, depression, and stress (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 Items), inflexible eating (Inflexible Eating Questionnaire), obsessive compulsive disorder (Short Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Screener), and social eating anxiety (adapted Social Phobia Scale) symptoms. Positive relationships were observed between picky eating and binge eating, dietary restraint, eating concerns, overall eating pathology, and all negative psychological correlates. Moderation analyses examined if negative psychological correlates strengthened relationships between picky eating and disordered eating. Higher inflexible eating and anxiety and stress symptoms interacted with higher picky eating in relation to disordered eating, specifically eating concerns. Interactions between picky eating and negative psychological correlates did not explain variance in binge eating, dietary restraint, and overall eating pathology. Findings complement research demonstrating overlap between picky eating and disordered eating and highlight specific negative psychological correlates that may strengthen relationships between picky eating and disordered eating. Researchers and clinicians interested in concurrent picky eating and disordered eating should consider these negative psychological correlates given their potential to worsen disordered eating.
Power and Politics in Sport Organizations

This chapter considers the influence of power and politics within sport organizations. The overall concepts are first reviewed to provide a broad understanding of their theoretical frameworks. The sources of power are provided, which is not as simple as being named a boss or a supervisor. We then cover how resource acquisition is a valuable ability in terms of accumulating power. The chapter also contains content on organizational politics, which is a demonstration of how power is utilized and located within organizations. Lastly, the concept of political skill is introduced and described to provide students with a unique perspective of organizational politics and influence.
Duration of postpartum magnesium sulfate for seizure prophylaxis in women with preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia are at increased risk of eclampsia. Magnesium sulfate is the standard of care for maternal seizure prophylaxis. Traditional regimens of magnesium sulfate ...
Not all high-intermediate risk endometrial cancers are created equal: recurrence-free survival and cause-specific survival after observation or vaginal brachytherapy in all possible subgroups of early-stage high-intermediate risk endometrial cancer

Objectives: Historically, patients with early-stage high-intermediate risk (HIR) endometrioid endometrial cancer (EC) have been known to benefit from improved recurrence-free survival (RFS) with the use of adjuvant therapy. However, specific subgroups of HIR patients may benefit from observation ± vaginal brachytherapy (VB) only. We sought to evaluate RFS and cause-specific survival (CSS) after observation ± VB in the subgroups of early-stage HIR endometrioid EC. Methods: We identified patients with early-stage HIR endometrioid EC, who underwent a total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oopho-rectomy, and sentinel lymph node biopsy or pelvic ± paraaortic lymphadenectomy at Mayo Clinic and Cleveland Clinic between 1999 and 2016. HIR group was defined based on revised GOG99 criteria used in the GOG249 trial: age ≥70 with 1 risk factor, age ≥50 with 2 risk factors, or all the 3 risk factors (grade 2-3, ≥50% myometrial invasion, or positive lymphovascular space invasion [LVSI]). HIR subgroups were determined by all possible combinations of risk factors, and 3-year RFS, site-specific RFS, and CSS were estimated. Results: Among 1,507 women with stage I or II EC, 447 stage I endometrioid EC patients were identified who fulfilled HIR criteria, and 349 (78.1%) were managed with observation ± VB. Eleven subgroups were defined and evaluated (Table). Among stage IA patients (1-5 subgroups), subgroup 5 (G3 ≥50y LVSI+) had the lowest RFS and CSS of 68.9% (46.6-100.0%) and 86.7% (71.1-100.0%), respectively, whereas the remaining 4 subgroups had 3-year RFS and CSS >90%. In all stage IA subgroups, 3-year lymphatic RFS was >90%; 3-year distant RFS was lowest in subgroup 5 (79.6% [56.9-100.0%] and 97.1% [91.8-100.0%] in subgroup 3 [G2 ≥50y LVSI+]). Additionally, 3-year CSS was 90%. Conversely, all stage IB subgroups experienced distant recurrence; 3-year distant RFS ranged from 73.1% (53.5-99.7%) to 96.5% (91.8-100.0%). 3-year distant RFS lower than 90% was observed in those subgroups with grade 3 or positive LVSI (7, 9, 10, and 11). Conclusions: Our results suggest that observation ± VB can be sufficient in some subgroups of stage I endometrioid HIR patients, specifically stage IA endometrioid HIR EC without the concomitant presence of grade 3 and LVSI. Among stage IB endometrioid HIR EC subgroups, particularly those with grade 3 or LVSI, observation ± VB is associated with lower RFS and CSS. Stratifying HIR patients into risk subgroups would alleviate the risk of overtreatment and undertreatment among patients with early-stage endometrioid EC; in this regard, the molecular characterization will provide a further instrument to achieve this objective.
Psychometric evaluation of a measure of cognitive decline in elderly people with mental retardation.

Abstract Forty elderly persons with mental retardation were assessed by their care providers on a modified version of the Short Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in The Elderly (IQCODE), an instrument designed to quantify cognitive decline in elderly people in the general population. They were also assessed for IQ, aberrant behavior, and current mental status; test-retest and interrater reliability were evaluated as well. Internal consistency, as assessed by coefficient alpha, was moderately high (α = .86). Test-retest reliability was mediocre and interrater reliability levels did not reach statistical significance. The Short IQCODE was not correlated with a variety of demographic features or with behavior ratings, showing evidence of divergent validity. However, the Short IQCODE was only weakly (nonsignificantly) correlated with a measure of current mental status, which challenges its concurrent validity. The Short IQCODE probably needs to be modified further for satisfactory psychometric performance in people with mental retardation. However, some features of this study may have resulted in suboptimal estimates of the Short IQCODE’s psychometric characteristics.
Oscillatory cytosolic calcium waves independent of stimulated inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate formation in hepatocytes.

The mechanisms underlying agonist-induced oscillations in intracellular free calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) in hepatocytes were investigated by utilizing tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as a tool to perturb hepatocyte Ca2+ homeostasis independent of receptor activation. In permeabilized hepatocytes, TBHP inhibited Ca2+ uptake into the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3)-sensitive Ca2+ pool and increased the sensitivity to InsP3 for Ca2+ release. The effects of TBHP could be mimicked by addition of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and reversed by pretreatment with dithiothreitol. TBHP and GSSG had no effect on the metabolic degradation of [3H]InsP3 in permeabilized cells. The effect of TBHP on [Ca2+]i in intact cells was investigated by digital imaging fluorescence microscopy of Fura-2-loaded primary cultured hepatocytes. TBHP treatment initiated a series of [Ca2+]i oscillations similar to those caused by Ca2(+)-mobilizing hormones. Moreover, in common with the actions of hormones in these cells (Rooney, T.A., Sass, E., and Thomas, A,P. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 10792-10796), the [Ca2+]i oscillations induced by TBHP propagated through the cell as Ca2+ waves, originating from a discrete subcellular locus identical to that for phenylephrine-induced [Ca2+]i oscillations. The Ca2+ waves induced by TBHP had similar rates of progress (24-27 microns.s-1) to those generated by phenylephrine. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ increased the initial latency of the TBHP responses, but had no effect on the amplitude or rate of propagation of the Ca2+ waves. Addition of TBHP to cells in the presence of phenylephrine converted the oscillatory phenylephrine [Ca2+]i response into a sustained [Ca2+]i increase. The effects of TBHP in intact cells occurred in the absence of any stimulated inositol polyphosphate formation as measured in populations of [3H]inositol-labeled hepatocytes. The data indicate that spatially organized [Ca2+]i oscillations in intact hepatocytes can occur without any requirement for phospholipase C activation. Furthermore, for agents that act by mobilizing Ca2+ from the InsP3-sensitive pool, the kinetics of the Ca2+ release phase of the [Ca2+]i oscillations appears to be independent of the nature of the stimulus.
Production of Bacteriophage by Temperature-Sensitive Sporulation Mutants of Bacillus cereus T

Five temperature-sensitive sporulation mutants of Bacillus cereus T have been isolated. These mutants are blocked at stage 0 of sporulation at the restrictive temperature (37 C) but are able to sporulate at nearly normal frequencies at the permissive temperature (26 C). A bacteriophage that forms a stable lysogen in the parent strain is induced at increased frequencies in the mutants. This induction is accompanied, in some of the mutants, by a reduction in immunity to the phage. Revertants, selected for their ability to sporulate normally at both temperatures, lose their ability to produce high titers of the phage. In addition to this lytic phage, an apparently defective phage has been found in lysates of the mutants. Strains cured of the plaque-forming phage still carry the defective phage. Comparisons of physical and biological properties of the plaque-forming phage with those of the two Bacillus cereus phages most similar to it have shown that this phage is not identical to either of them. The maximal titer of phage produced in cultures of the parent strain is about 10(3) plaque-forming units (PFU) per ml at both temperatures. The maximal titers of phage produced by the mutant are 4 x 10(9) PFU/ml at 37 C and 7 x 10(8) PFU/ml at 26 C. Both mutant and parent strains release over 90% of the phage they produce after the onset of stationary phase.
EFFECT OF POLYAMINE STRUCTURE ON GROWTH STIMULATION AND SPERMINE AND SPERMIDINE CONTENT OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA.

Guirard, Beverly M. (University of California, Berkeley), and Esmond E. Snell. Effect of polyamine structure on growth and spermine and spermidine content of lactic acid bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 88:72–80. 1964.—Growth from small inocula of six species of lactobacilli was stimulated by addition of spermine or spermidine to a defined medium; none of four streptococcal species showed this effect. Lactobacillus casei was stimulated to the greatest extent. Several homologues and analogues partially duplicated the growth-promoting effects of spermidine; one inactive homologue, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,6-hexanediamine, competitively inhibited the growth response to spermidine and spermine, and reduced or eliminated the response to several weakly active compounds. A procedure for separation of spermine and spermidine, and their estimation by bioassay with L. casei, was developed and applied to the estimation of these compounds in bacterial cells. Both compounds are present in lactic acid bacteria in amounts much smaller (1 to 5%) than those found in Escherichia coli. Addition of spermine or spermidine to the growth medium results in large accumulations in the cells, and the two amines show limited interconvertibility. Putrescine does not increase the cell content of either spermine or spermidine. Presence of the inhibitor prevents accumulation of the growth-stimulating amines. The polyamines appear to fill at least two valuable roles in the cell, one relatively nonspecific in its structural requirements, and one filled only by spermine and spermidine or their nearest homologues. N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,6-hexanediamine appears to prevent the latter function by competition for an appropriate cellular receptor.
Adwords auctions with decreasing valuation bids

The choice of a bidding language is crucial in auction design in order to correctly capture bidder utilities. We propose a new bidding model for the Adwords auctions of search engine advertisement - decreasing valuation bids. This provides a richer language than the current model for advertisers to convey their preferences. Besides providing more expressivity, our bidding model has two additional advantages: It is an add-on to the standard model, and retains its simplicity of expression. Furthermore, it allows efficient algorithms - we show that the greedy (highest bid) algorithm retains its factor of 1/2 from the standard bidding model, and also provide an optimal allocation algorithm with a factor of 1-1/e (as is case in the standard bidding model). We also show how these bidding languages achieve a good trade-off between expressivity and complexity - we demonstrate a slight generalization of these models for which the greedy allocation algorithm has an arbitrarily bad competitive ratio.
From Roach Powder to Radical Humanism: Professor Derrick Bell's 'Critical' Constitutional Pedagogy

This essay is a tribute to the late Professor Derrick Bell, who passed away on October 5, 2011. The author was the Derrick Bell Fellow at New York University School of Law in 2009-10 and assisted Professor Bell in teaching his constitutional law courses. The essay discusses Professor Bell's 'critical' constitutional and life pedagogy, by giving illustrations from Professor Bell's classes and anecdotes from several of his former students. It highlights not only Professor Bell's comprehensive approach to constitutional law, but also the "radical humanism" he brought to teaching and mentoring students.
William May: Moral theologian, sentire cum Ecclesia

It would have been twenty-nine years in April since I first met Bill May—my former teacher, friend, mentor, and colleague. Not since that time have I known a harder working theologian—or a more colorful one! He spoke often of his own work, but, humble to the core, he never praised it. He reserved that praise for the personalities and projects of his many family members, friends, colleagues, students, and so on. He was a moral theologian whose theology was done thoroughly in accord with two famous Latin phrases, sentire cum Ecclesia and in corde Ecclesiae—defending her teaching on contraception in Humanae vitae and the teaching on the existence of moral absolutes in the face of dissent and proportionalistic methodologies. His favorite expression was “God is good!” Bill was a native of St. Louis, Missouri, as was his wife of fifty-six years, Patricia Ann (Keck). They met at a dance in Milwaukee in December 1957, and after marrying in October the following year, would have seven children and sixteen grandchildren together. But before marrying, Bill thought he might have a vocation to the priesthood. Working toward this goal, he received BA and MA degrees in philosophy at the Catholic University of America (Washington, DC). But he eventually discerned that he was not called to Holy Orders, but to marriage instead. Bill’s first jobs in the 1950s and 1960s were in the book publishing business as an editor, working at publishers such as Bruce in Milwaukee. Eventually, while working full time to support his growing family, he would study for a doctorate in philosophy at Marquette University, earning the degree in 1968 with a dissertation on the metaphysics of Henri Bergson. It was only later while teaching at Catholic University—first in the Department of Religion, then later in the graduate level School of Theology and Religious Studies—that he would teach theology. In fact, his first book (which won an award) was on the topic of Christology (1970). By the early 1970s, having been asked to teach moral theology, his publications shifted to ethics and the “new biology.” His next two books, Becoming Human: An Invitation to Christian Ethics (1975) and Existence, Medicine, and Ethics: Reflections on Human Life (1977) reflect these new areas of scholarly concern. In all, Bill would author or co-author some twelve books, edit and translate The Linacre Quarterly 82 (3) 2015, 191–192
Quantum state manipulation via Raman coherence

Summary form only given. The study on the interaction between electromagnetic fields and multi-level atoms or molecules has discovered many interesting effects including electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) enhanced dispersion with reduced absorption, and lasing without inversion. Recent interests include ultraslow group velocity of light, and superluminal light propagation. Atomic coherence created between different atomic levels plays an essential rule in these experiments. On the other hand, quantum features in the interaction between electromagnetic fields and three-level systems based on atomic coherence have attracted extensive theoretical interests. These include generation of amplitude-squeezed and quantum noise-correlated states of light with EIT, entanglement of atomic states with light fields, and quantum memory for light. According to these theoretical works, manipulation of quantum states of either light fields or atoms via atomic coherence is possible. We study quantum state manipulation of light via coherently driven Raman coherence in a /spl Lambda/-type three-level system of rubidium vapor under far off one-photon resonance condition both theoretically and experimentally.
Repatriating a lost name: notes on McClelland and Griffith's Cobitis boutanensis (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae).

In 1842, a loach was described with great brevity in McClelland’s “On the freshwater fishes collected by William Griffith during his travels from 1835 to 1842” (McClelland 1842). The species was named Cobitis boutanensis McClelland and Griffith 1842, presumably after the country where it was collected. At that time, there was not a consensus on the spelling of ‘Bhutan’, which appeared commonly as ‘Bhotan’, ‘Bootan’, or ‘Boutan’. The locality of Cobitis boutanensis was described simply as “Boutan, on the Mishmee Mountains” (McClelland 1842). Hora (1928) subsequently amended the locality of the specimen to ‘Bolan Pass’ in what was then Afghanistan (now Pakistan). This amendment was based on the assumption that there was likely an error in spelling or interpreting the text in McClelland (1842). As a result, Cobitis boutanensis , now Paracobitis boutanensis in Eschmeyer (2015), has been referred to as a species endemic to Afghanistan for nearly 90 years.
Thyroxine is permissive to seasonal transitions in reproductive neuroendocrine activity in the ewe.

The observation that circulating thyroxine concentration increases during the breeding season of the ewe, coupled with the finding that thyroid hormones are required for the transition from the breeding season to anestrus in this species, led us to test the hypothesis that the transition to anestrus is driven by a rise in circulating thyroxine. Suffolk ewes were thyroidectomized (THX) late in the anestrous season. Thyroxine was then either not replaced or provided at doses that produced nadir, incremental (simulating the seasonal rise), or mildly hyperthyroid concentrations in serum. Additional ewes remained thyroid-intact. To monitor seasonal changes in reproductive neuroendocrine activity, the ewes were ovariectomized and received implants of constant-release Silastic capsules containing estradiol. Serum concentrations of LH and thyroxine were determined in samples collected twice weekly. In all groups, LH increased in mid-September, signaling that manipulation of thyroid status did not influence onset of the neuroendocrine breeding season. In thyroid-intact controls, LH decreased to low concentrations in mid-January, marking the neuroendocrine transition to anestrus. As expected, LH remained elevated through the end of the study (April) in THX controls not receiving thyroxine, confirming that the neuroendocrine transition to anestrus is dependent on thyroid hormones. The seasonal decrease in LH was seen in all ewes treated with thyroxine. This decrease in LH was neither advanced in mildly hyperthyroid ewes nor delayed in ewes exposed to low serum concentrations of thyroxine. These results lead to the conclusion that the seasonal increase in circulating thyroid hormone in the ewe does not drive the transition from the breeding season to anestrus. This supports the view that thyroid hormones act permissively to allow the neuroendocrine changes that lead to the seasonal cessation of reproductive activity
The detailed neuroanatorny of the human striated urethral sphincter

Objective To study the nerve supply of the striated urethral sphincter. Materials and methods The pelvis from six formalin-fixed male cadavers was dissected. Results Cadaveric dissection revealed that both the intrinsic and extrinsic segments of the urethral rhabdosphincter receive their innervation from sacral roots S2-S4. The nerve fibres travel to their final destination via both the pudendal nerves and the nerve branches of the sacral roots. The terminal branches of the pudendal nerve enter the sphincteric area from the perineum. They separate shortly after they cross the ischial spine and run further ventromedially. Small branches approach the sphincter after their division from the dorsal nerve of the penis. The course of the pudendal nerve and its branching on the perineum are quite consistent. The pelvic branches travel inside the pelvis above the levator ani muscle. Among the cadavers the number of branches varied markedly, as did their site of termination (2.3 to 3.9 cm from the striated urethral sphincter). A substantial nerve approaching the sphincter from inside the pelvis was found. After it divided from the S2, S3 sacral roots it ran separately, initially just lateral to the fibres of the pelvic plexus and then on the dorsolateral surface of the rectum. In its terminal segment it dived into the levator ani muscle and terminated in the striated urethral sphincter. Conclusions We believe that the nerve supply to the striated urethral sphincter consists of branches from both the pudendal nerve and the ‘extrapudendal’ nerves that run above the levator ani muscle inside the pelvis. The variations in the course of the latter are remarkable.
Statistical mechanics of AR2+ in an inductively coupled plasma

Abstract In the mass spectrum of an argon inductively coupled plasma (ICP), there is a peak due to the presence of the argon dimer ion, Ar 2 + . Using elementary statistical mechanics, an attempt is made to elucidate the mechanism responsible for this ion's presence in the ICP, The assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) in the ICP leads to three possible mechanisms that could be responsible for the presence of the argon dimer ion, however, the results of the calculations show that only one of the mechanisms agrees with experiment. The experimental measurements of the number density ratio of Ar 2 + to Ar + , against which the theoretical values are compared, were taken using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS),
Longitudinal design and longitudinal analysis. A comparison of three approaches.

The desirability of longitudinal data is generally accepted among researchers in aging and gerontology. In recent years, a great deal of such data have been collected either in the form of large sc...
Modeling and Monitoring Tools to Assess Recovery Status and Convergence Rates between Restored and Undisturbed Coral Reef Habitats

Boating activities are an increasing source of physical damage to coral reefs worldwide. The damage caused by ship groundings can be significant and may result in a shift in reef structure and function. In this study we evaluate the status of two restoration projects established in 1995, 6 years after two freighters, the M/V Maitland and the M/V Elpis, ran aground on reefs of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Our approach includes field monitoring in support of simulation model development to assess the effectiveness of the restoration efforts. A population model was developed for the coral Porites astreoides to project the convergence rates of coral abundance and population size structure between the restored and surrounding reference habitats. Coral communities are developing rapidly on the restoration structures. Species richness and abundance of the dominant coral, P. astreoides, were nearly indistinguishable between the restoration structures and reference habitats after only 6 years. However, although abundance and size structure of P. astreoides populations are rapidly approaching those of the reference habitats (a convergence in size structure within 10 years was simulated), maximum coral size will take twice as long to converge for this species. The sensitivity of the model to maximum recruitment rates highlights the importance of recruitment on the recovery rates of restored habitats, suggesting that special attention should be afforded to provide coral recruits with appropriate recruitment substrate at the time of restoration. Finally, the rates of convergence and, hence, the level of success of a restoration effort were shown to be influenced not only by the recruitment and survivorship rates of corals on the restoration structures but by the characteristics of the reference population as well. Accordingly, reference populations ought to be considered a “moving target” against which restoration success has to be measured dynamically. The simple, cost-effective, monitoring–modeling approach presented here can provide the necessary tools to assess the current status of a restoration effort and to project the time required for coral populations to resemble those found on undamaged reference habitats