cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cytologic features of clear cell adnexal carcinoma in 3 dogs

Background Clear cell adnexal carcinoma is a rare cutaneous adnexal neoplasm without definitive apocrine, sebaceous, or follicular differentiation. Differential diagnoses include sebaceous carcinoma, liposarcoma, and balloon cell melanoma. Immunohistochemical analysis, with positive immunoreactivity for pancytokeratin and vimentin, aids in the diagnosis. Cytologic features of clear cell adnexal carcinoma have not been described previously. Objective The aim of this study was to describe cytologic features of canine clear cell adnexal carcinoma. Methods Fine-needle aspirates (FNA) obtained prior to biopsy of cutaneous neoplasms with a histologic diagnosis of clear cell adnexal carcinoma confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis were reviewed retrospectively. Slides prepared from FNA had been stained with modified Wright-Giemsa or automated aqueous Romanowsky stain. Results Of 20 neoplasms diagnosed as clear cell adnexal carcinoma in dogs, FNA of the mass had been performed in 3 cases. Cytologic features were similar and included high cellularity, marked cellular pleomorphism, loose arrangement of neoplastic cells, and a light blue to gray background resulting from streaming of cytoplasm from ruptured cells. Neoplastic cells were oval to polygonal to spindle-shaped with wispy cytoplasmic projections. Cytoplasmic eosinophilic stippling, globular deposits, or pink needle-shaped inclusions were noted. Criteria of malignancy included marked anisocytosis, anisokaryosis and anisonucleoleosis, multinucleation, karyomegaly, macronucleoli, and atypical mitotic figures. Conclusions Clear cell adnexal carcinoma should be included in the cytologic differential diagnosis for a canine cutaneous mass even if an epithelial origin is not readily identified owing to lack of characteristic epithelial features, such as highly cohesive cell clusters, evident cell-to-cell junctions, and distinct cytoplasmic edges.
Overcoming stigma: involving families in medical student and psychiatric residency education.

Objective The primary purpose of this article is to present a possible mechanism for increasing communication about psychiatric matters such as diagnoses, treatment, and stigma between the physicians, including psychiatrists, and the families of persons with mental illness through a NAMI presentation.
ONTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF TREE ROOTS IN ACER RUBRUM AND BETULA PAPYRIFERA

A B S T R A C T The development of long (6-20 m) tree roots was reconstructed from serial transverse sections taken 10-20 cm apart. Measurements of primary xylem diameter showed that the tips of long roots of red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) are initially small, but they increase in diameter with increasing distance from the stem. A repeating pattern of the width of the first annual ring marks length increments of long roots. The pattern of ring width is paralleled by a pattern of primary xylem diameter. Our interpretation is that primary xylem diameter increases during spring and early summer, stays constant during late summer and decreases in autumn. After injuries to large root tips, new large lateral tips are formed that replace the parent tip. Thus, a single long root is actually formed by a succession of these replacement roots. In a series of sections there may be sudden changes in primary xylem diameter as the successive sections pass from parent root to replacement root at points of injury. These changes in birch are associated with changes in a number of protoxylem poles. HORIZONTAL ROOTS of red maple (Acer rubrum L.)
Modeling Studies to Predict Stresses in Composite Floor Tubes of Black Liquor Recovery Boilers

The results of finite element modeling studies to analyze the composite floor tubes of recovery boilers used by the pulp and paper industry are presented. Thermal and mechanical analyses have been carried out to examine the changes in the stresses during a normal operating cycle. Three different materials for the clad layer have been studied-304L stainless steel and alloys 625 and 825. The results show that the coefficient of thermal expansion and the strength of the clad layer play a significant role in the stress variation due to the heating and cooling associated with an operating cycle, with implications for the development of cracks in the tubes clue to stress corrosion cracking. The analyses also show that axial stress in the carbon steel layer is compressive at the fireside tube crown and tensile in the membrane, which provides a possible explanation for the commonly observed differences in crack propagation in tubes and membranes.
Effect of bubble interactions on the prediction of interfacial area in TRACE

Abstract The conventional thermal-hydraulic nuclear reactor system analysis codes utilize a two-field, two-fluid formulation for two-phase flows. To provide closure, static flow regime transition criteria and algebraic relations are employed to estimate the interfacial area concentration (ai). To better reflect the dynamic evolution of two-phase flow, an experimental version of TRACE is developed to estimate the ai using the one-group interfacial area transport equation (IATE), which includes mechanistic models for bubble coalescence and disintegration. These models account for: (1) bubble break-up due to impact of a turbulent eddy, (2) bubble coalescence due to random collision driven by turbulent eddies, and (3) bubble coalescence due to the acceleration of a bubble in the wake region of a preceding bubble. To assess the impact of including bubble interaction models in TRACE, code predictions of experimental data measured by a multi-sensor conductivity probe are compared to both the IATE and flow regime based predictions. In total, 50 air–water vertical co-current upward and downward bubbly flow conditions in pipes with diameters ranging from 2.54 to 20.32 cm are evaluated. It is found that TRACE, using the conventional flow regime relation, always underestimates ai by predicting a larger bubble size than observed in the experimental data. Additionally, the axial trend of the ai prediction is always linear because ai in the conventional code is predominantly determined by the pressure. However, TRACE with the one-group IATE significantly improves the prediction results, yielding a ±13.0% difference with the data. It is found that the non-linear developments observed in the experimental data, which reflect bubble interactions, are predicted well using the IATE. Moreover, in several conditions dominated by bubble interactions, the ai trend displayed is opposite to the effect of pressure. In these cases, the conventional TRACE relation predicts an incorrect trend in ai, while the IATE predicts the experimental data well.
A multimodal communication with a haptic glove: on the fusion of speech and deixis over a raised line drawing

Mathematics instruction and discourse typically involve two modes of communication: speech and graphical presentation. For the communication to remain situated, dynamic synchrony must be maintained between the speech and dynamic focus in the graphics. In normals, vision is used for two purposes: access to graphical material and awareness of embodied behavior. This embodiment awareness keeps communication situated with visual material and speech. Our goal is to assist blind students in the access to such instruction/communication. We employ the typical approach of sensory replacement for the missing visual sense. Haptic fingertip reading can replace visual material. For the embodied portion of the communication, we want to make the blind student aware of the deictic gestures performed by the teacher over the graphic in conjunction with speech. We propose the use of haptic gloves paired with computer vision based tracking to help blind students maintain reading focus on a raised line representation of a graphical presentation to which the instructor points while speaking. In this initial phase of our research, we conducted three experiments that show that: 1) The gloves convey sense of direction; 2) The gloves do not interfere in fingertip reading; 3) A person can navigate with the help of this system while listening to a story; 4) It is possible to fuse the information received from both modes. We discuss these findings in this paper.
Glucosamine-induced desensitization of beta-cell responses: possible involvement of impaired information flow in the phosphoinositide cycle.

The influence of glucosamine on beta-cell response characteristics of collagenase-isolated rat islets was determined. Groups of islets were incubated for 2 h with myo-[2-3H]inositol to label their phosphoinositide (PI) pools. Also included in some experiments was glucosamine (0.1-10 mM). Subsequently, these islets were perifused, and their responses to 10 mM glucose, 10 mM alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC), and 1 microM of the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate were assessed. Increases in PI hydrolysis were monitored during the perfusion by measuring fractional efflux rates of [3H]inositol. The accumulation of inositol phosphates after the perifusion was also determined. In other experiments, the use of 10 mM glucose was measured after a 2-h exposure to 5 or 10 mM glucosamine. Finally, the ability of glucosamine itself to augment release and activate PI hydrolysis was assessed. The following observations were made. 1) A prior 2-h exposure to 5-10 mM glucosamine resulted in parallel dose-dependent imp...
Electrochemical capacitors with KCl electrolyte

Potassium manganese dioxide KxMnO2 + δ·nH2O and amorphous MnO2 in a mild 2 M KCl aqueous electrolyte prove to be excellent electrodes for faradaic electrochemical capacitors. The KxMnO2 + δ·nH2O materials were prepared by direct thermal decomposition of KMnO4 and contained a large amorphous/crystalline ratio. A sample decomposed at 550 °C gave a specific cyclic capacitance between −0.2 and +1.0 V/SCE of 240 F·g−1, which corresponds to nearly one-third of the Mn(IV) ions participating in the faradaic reaction. Excellent cyclability at 12 mA·cm−2 was found for 100 cycles. On short-circuit, K0,31MnO2,12·0,63 H2O in 2 M KCl and pH 10.6 aqueous solution gave an initial current density of 0.58 A·cm−2 and a total released charge of 4.6 C·cm−2 compared with 0.32 A·cm−2 and 11.1 C·cm−2 for RuOOH·nH2O in 5.3 M H2SO4. Similar results obtained with amorphous MnO2 demonstrate that alkali ions can be used as the working ion in a faradaic supercapacitor, which frees the search for new materials from the constraint of working in a strong-acid aqueous medium.
Vander Lugt correlation of DNA sequence data

DNA, the molecule containing the genetic code of an organism, is a linear chain of subunits. It isthe sequence of subunits, of which there are four kinds, that constitutes the unique blueprint of anindividual. This sequence is the focus of a large number of analyses performed by an army ofgeneticists, biologists, and computer scientists. Most of these analyses entail searches for specificsubsequences within the larger set of sequence data. Thus, most analyses are essentially patternrecognition or correlation tasks. Yet, there are special features to such analysis that influence thestrategy and methods of an optical pattern recognition approach. While the serial processing employedin digital electronic computers remains the main engine of sequence analyses, there is no fundamentalreason that more efficient parallel methods cannot be used.We describe an approach using optical pattern recognition (OPR) techniques based on matchedspatial filtering. This allows parallel comparison of large blocks of sequence data. In this study wehave simulated a Vander Lugt1 architecture implementing our approach. Searches for specific targetsequence strings within a block of DNA sequence from the Co/El plasmid2 are performed.OPR is usually applied to two-dimensional natural imagery (aerial photographs, medical x-rays,etc.). As natural images are typically analog (being composed of a continuum of spatial frequencies andgrey scale values), the essential analog character of Fourier-optical transformations can allowimmediate and direct operation on the image data without intermediate transduction of the data intodigital or electronic form. Differences in orientation, scale, contrast, bandwidth, and noise in theimages cause enormous difficulties, manifested chiefly in a rapid dropoff in correlation signal withincreases in any of these factors. Moreover, the problem of cross-correlation between image elementscomplicates the interpretation of the output signal. Scene-dependent discrimination constitutes adrawback for searches of unconstrained images. Much of the current literature describes effortsaimed at reducing the influence of such factors on the correlation results34.For DNA sequence analysis the majority of these problems may be avoided by judicious choice ofimage content. Problems associated with scale and orientation are not present, and if a set ofcharacters selected to represent DNA sequences is carefully chosen the problems of bandwidth andcross correlation between different characters can be minimized as well.
Red blood cell transfusion in preterm infants: restrictive versus liberal policy

Preterm neonates represent a category of patients with high transfusion needs. Ideally, red blood cells (RBC) transfusion should be tailored to the individual requirements of the single infant. However, despite the progress in neonatal transfusion medicine, many controversies still remain, and the decision on whether to transfuse or not is often made on empirical basis, with large variation in transfusion practices among neonatologists. Recently, a few clinical trials have been performed with the aim to compare the risk/benefit ratio of restrictive versus liberal transfusion criteria. Most of the studies failed to demonstrate significant differences in short-term outcomes, suggesting that the restrictive criteria may reduce the need for transfusion and the related side effects. Neurodevelopmental long-term outcome seemed more favorable in the liberal group at a first evaluation, especially for boys, and significantly better in the restrictive group at a later clinical investigation. Magnetic resonance imaging scans, performed at an average age of 12 years, showed that intracranial volume was substantially smaller in the liberal group compared with controls. When sex effects were evaluated, the girls in the liberal group had the most significant abnormalities. In conclusion, when preventive measures, as favoring cord clamping delay or cord milking, ensuring optimal nutrition, and minimizing phlebotomy losses, fail to avoid the need for transfusion, it is preferable to adopt restrictive criteria.
Integrating clinical practice and research: A challenge for the pediatric nurse practitioner

Abstract Nurse practitioners can contribute greatly to nursing science by identifying problems for investigation and using research findings in their practice. This article describes two approaches available to pediatric nurse practitioners for becoming involved in research. the role is described of two nurse researchers based in a research center in facilitating selected studies in ambulatory pediatric health care. An alternative approach is discussed for nurse practitioners who are in practice settings. Guidelines for initiating, conducting, and using research in practice are provided. Seven phases of clinical research are offered to assist the beginning researcher.
Outcomes After Unrestricted Use of Everolimus-Eluting Stent Compared to Paclitaxel- and Sirolimus-Eluting Stents

Compared to paclitaxel-eluting stents (PESs) and sirolimus-eluting stents (SESs), a paucity of data exists regarding the clinical outcome of everolimus-eluting stents (EESs) in unselected patients with the entire spectrum of obstructive coronary artery disease. The present study cohort included 6,615 consecutive patients at Washington Hospital Center who underwent coronary artery stent implantation with EESs (n = 519), PESs (n = 2,036), or SESs (n = 4,060). Patients who received bare metal stents, zotarolimus-eluting stents, or 2 different drug-eluting stent types were excluded. The analyzed clinical end points were death, death or Q-wave myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization (TLR), target vessel revascularization, definite stent thrombosis, and major adverse cardiac events, defined as the composite of death, Q-wave myocardial infarction, or TLR at 1 year. The groups were well matched for the conventional risk factors for coronary artery disease, except for systemic hypertension, which differed among the groups. The unadjusted end points for EESs and PESs were death (4.5% vs 7.1%; p = 0.03), TLR (3.4% vs 4.6%; p = 0.24), target vessel revascularization (5.6% vs 7.1%; p = 0.46), death or Q-wave myocardial infarction (4.5% vs 7.4%; p = 0.02), and definite stent thrombosis (0.0% vs 0.7%; p = 0.09). The unadjusted end points for EES and SES were death (4.5% vs 5.2%; p = 0.45), TLR (3.4% vs 5.8%; p = 0.3), target vessel revascularization (5.6% vs 8.6%; p = 0.05), death or Q-wave myocardial infarction (4.5% vs 5.4%; p = 0.39), and definite stent thrombosis (0.0% vs 1.08%; p = 0.003). The rates of major adverse cardiac events were similar among the 3 groups. After multivariate analysis, the rate of death or Q-wave myocardial infarction between the EES and PES groups was no longer significant (hazard ratio 1.14, 95% confidence interval 0.59 to 2.20, p = 0.70). In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest the use of EES in routine clinical practice is both safe and effective but offers no clinically relevant advantage in terms of hard end points compared to PES or SES.
Philosophy and Corruption of Language

Most people are acquainted with the abuse of language that is involved in political propaganda. They accept that even in the best of times politicians aim, in part, to deceive their listeners, to put a good face on the worst of failures, to play down the successes of their opponents. In a general way, political language aims to guide people's perceptions of conditions and events in a way that is favourable to the interests of a politician and his party, interests which may or may not be consistent with the interest of his listeners. Such language is not meant to engender consideration of issues, but rather to free them from the burden of consideration. In the worst of times there is little or no interest in the fidelity between a speaker and his words and between words and things. The accuracy of language is abandoned in favour of its effect; truth is subordinated to ambition.
ON THE SPECIAL TREATMENT OF FOSSILS AND TAXONOMIC BURDEN: A RESPONSE TO LOCONTE

Loconte (1990) contends that extinct and extant organisms should be treated differently in cladistics, and he is not alone in this point of view (e.g., Crowson, 1970; Hennig, 1966, 1981; L ~ v t r u p , 1977, 1985; Patterson, 1977, 1981a,b, 1982; Jefferies, 1979, 1986; Rieppel, 1979: 147; Rosen et al., 1981: 178; Fortey and Jefferies, 1982; Gardiner, 1982; Ax, 1985, 1987; Willmann, 1985; Forey, 1986; Craske and Jefferies, 1989). There are two interrelated issues in such a position: (a) fossils do not count as much as living terminal taxa in assessing sister group relationships, and (2) special taxonomic conventions, such as plesion (Patterson and Rosen, 1977), are required to be able to communicate accurately the position of fossils on a cladogram. The importance attributed to different character bearers is usually reflected in the protocol recommended for cladogram construction. For example (Gardiner, 1982), clades of living organisms are individuated first, and the position of fossils, if they are considered at all, is examined in the context of those clades. In the jargon of Ax (1987: 201-231), fossils are added to the stem lineages connecting two monophyla that are adelphotaxa. Extant organisms are supposed to be more important than fossils because they are complete sources of information, are of the same age, and have had greater taxonomic stability (Patterson, 1981a,b; Craske and Jefferies, 1989: 73). The need for special taxonomic conventions is a consequence of the extra burden fossils place on the number of categorical ranks in the Linnaean system because extinct organisms tend to be plesiomorphic sister lineages (Gauthier et al., 1988). Gauthier et al. (1988; see also Donoghue et al., 1989) addressed both of these issues. They demonstrated empirically that fossils can overturn a theory of relationships based only on Recent taxa, and concluded (p. 191) “that extant taxa may be even less informative, or for that matter unimportant in determining amniote phylogeny.” Contrary to Loconte’s claim (p. 187), Gauthier et al. did not “propose to distinguish stem lineages from their respective monophyla”. In point of fact, Gauthier et al. analyzed a single set of all the relevant available evidence, one in which living and extinct forms were coequal as terminal taxa (Table 2, Fig. 3) , and that operation is consistent with the maxim of total evidence (Kluge, 1989). Lastly, Loconte (p. 189) states that “if fossils are unambiguous members of a stem lineage, the fossil record can be utilized as a secondary criterion of character polarization that is capable of overturning a polarization by outgroup comparison between extant taxa, or resolving an equivocal polarization”. These conclusions do not appIy to fossils alone, and are therefore trivial, because “unambiguous” sister relationships of any kind of organism cannot be improved upon. Gauthier et al. ( 1988) dealt with the burden fossils place on taxonomy by simply doing away with higher categorical ranks. They argued that the discovered cladogram serves
Genetic predisposition and treatment-related leukemia*

Treatment-related leukemias are one of the most devastating late complications of cancer therapy. Patients with rare cancer predisposition syndromes including neurofibromatosis type 1 and inherited p53 mutations are at an increased risk for this complication. Other patients may have increased susceptibility because they possess common genetic polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes that result in impaired detoxification of chemotherapy or inefficient repair of drug-induced genetic damage. We review studies that have identified a potential role for polymorphisms in the genes encoding the glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), NAD(P) H: quinone oxidoreductase, myeloperoxidase, N-acetyltransferase (NATs), cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 3A4, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS), and others in the etiology of primary or secondary acute leukemias, and therapy-related complications. The identification of high risk polymorphisms and use of pharmacogenetically-guided therapies holds promise to improve the outcome of cancer therapy and reduce the risk of treatment-related leukemias. Med. Pediatr. Oncol. 36:541–548, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Seminal fluid causes temporarily reduced egg hatch in previously mated females

In Drosophila, male accessory gland fluid (seminal fluid) has multiple effects on the female's reproductive efficiency. Here, we show the effect of seminal fluid on rate of egg hatch immediately following mating. Singly mated females were remated to two classes of sterile males, one with seminal fluid and one without seminal fluid. Transfer of seminal fluid results in a strong reduction in egg hatch shortly after the mating. Also, it is shown that remating with normal males causes an immediate reduction of egg hatch followed by recovery to normal egg hatch. In all cases, unhatched eggs contained no sperm. These results are consistent with a role for seminal fluid in sperm competition, mediated by incapacitation or inefficient use of resident sperm.
Toxoplasma gondii Upregulates Interleukin-12 To Prevent Plasmodium berghei-Induced Experimental Cerebral Malaria

A chronic infection with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii has previously been shown to protect mice against subsequent viral, bacterial, or protozoal infections. Here we have shown that a chronic T. gondii infection can prevent Plasmodium berghei ANKA-induced experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) in C57BL/6 mice. Treatment with soluble T. gondii antigens (STAg) reduced parasite sequestration and T cell infiltration in the brains of P. berghei-infected mice. Administration of STAg also preserved blood-brain barrier function, reduced ECM symptoms, and significantly decreased mortality. STAg treatment 24 h post-P. berghei infection led to a rapid increase in serum levels of interleukin 12 (IL-12) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ). By 5 days after P. berghei infection, STAg-treated mice had reduced IFN-γ levels compared to those of mock-treated mice, suggesting that reductions in IFN-γ at the time of ECM onset protected against lethality. Using IL-10- and IL-12βR-deficient mice, we found that STAg-induced protection from ECM is IL-10 independent but IL-12 dependent. Treatment of P. berghei-infected mice with recombinant IL-12 significantly decreased parasitemia and mortality. These data suggest that IL-12, either induced by STAg or injected as a recombinant protein, mediates protection from ECM-associated pathology potentially through early induction of IFN-γ and reduction in parasitemia. These results highlight the importance of early IL-12 induction in protection against ECM.
Designing Markets for Developing Countries

This paper highlights what we know from market microstructure and how this should guide the design of equity markets in developing counties. I first consider the basic economic functions of capital markets and of exchanges. I develop more fully the importance of price discovery and liquidity, and how these are affected by the market environment and by characteristics of firms themselves. I then consider the particular implications of this for capital markets in emerging countries. Research has suggested various links between market designs and performance, and I review the implications of these for exchange structure. I conclude with some thoughts on how best to structure markets for newly listing companies.
An integrated processing program for analysis of left ventricular function and perfusion

A processing program for analysis of left ventricular perfusion, anatomy, and function from single photon emission computed tomographic perfusion images is presented. This program combines a well-known and validated perfusion quantification approach with a left ventricular surface modeler which enables computation of local and global functional parameters. Thus, perfusion and function can be associated and compared. The results can be displayed in two or three dimensions, using slice displays, polar plots, or surface-shaded 3-D graphics. Finally, the abilities to align a 3-D coronary artery tree with the 3-D left ventricular epicardial surface and display the unification results have been provided, to allow for comparison between coronary anatomy and left ventricular structure and function. Each portion of the analysis package has been separately validated.
Strategyproof Mechanisms for Scheduling Divisible Loads in Bus-Networked Distributed Systems

The scheduling of arbitrarily divisible loads on a distributed system is studied by Divisible Load Theory (DLT). DLT has the underlying assumption that the processors will not cheat. In the real world, this assumption is unrealistic as the processors are owned and operated by autonomous rational organizations that have no a priori motivation for cooperation. Consequently, they will manipulate the algorithms if it benefits them to do so. In this work, we propose strategyproof mechanisms for scheduling divisible loads on three types of bus-connected distributed systems. These mechanisms provide incentives to the processors to obey the prescribed algorithms and to truthfully report their parameters, leading to an efficient load allocation and execution.
Snapshots: Capturing Dynamics of Student Sketches

As part of a larger solution to the problem of diagram assessment in online education, this paper explores how to allow students to "show their work" in the creation of a sketch, the same way they might show their work on, say, a math problem. We propose a Snapshot feature as an extension to our web-based Sketch Tool. This feature allows students to capture individual steps of sketch creation and then play them back. Instructors then have more information with which to assess student knowledge. Additionally, this paves the way for automated assessment-instead of a software tool having to go through every sketch and try to determine the relevant ones, it can focus on the steps students have labeled as important. Students could also use the feature as a rudimentary animation tool, or work collaboratively by adding on to other students' Snapshot sequences.
Improving diagnostic accuracy using an evidence-based nursing model.

PURPOSE. To propose an evidence-based model (EBM) to improve diagnostic accuracy in nursing. DATA SOURCES. Published literature, experience, and expertise of authors. DATA SYNTHESIS. Using an EBM directs clinicians on how to use the best available evidence from the literature to determine the best fit between cues and diagnoses, integrate this evidence with clinician expertise and patient preferences, and conduct a self-evaluation of the process. CONCLUSIONS. Use of an EBM to teach nurses how to ask relevant diagnostic questions and provide a framework for nurse educators to teach evidenced-based practice may lead to developing more competent diagnosticians and improving diagnostic accuracy in nursing. OBJETIVO. Propor um modelo baseado em evidencias (MBE) para melhorar a precisao diagnostica na enfermagem. FONTE DE DADOS. Literatura publicada, experiencia e conhecimento das autoras. SINTESE DOS DADOS. A utilizacao de um BEM orienta as enfermeiras clinicas sobre como utilizar a melhor evidencia disponivel na literatura para determinar o melhor ajuste entre as pistas obtidas e os diagnosticos, integrando esta evidencia com o conhecimento clinico da enfermeira e as preferencias do paciente, e conduzindo a uma auto-avaliacao do processo. CONCLUSOES. O uso de um modelo de pratica baseado em evidencias para ensinar as enfermeiras a formular perguntas relevantes e oferecer aos educadores de enfermagem uma estrutura para o ensino da pratica baseada em evidencias pode levar ao desenvolvimento de dianosticadoras mais competentes e melhorar a precisao diagnostica na enfermagem. PROPOSITO. Proponer un modelo basado en la evidencia (MBE) para mejorar la exactitud diagnostica en enfermeria. FUENTES DE DATOS. Bibliografia publicada, experiencia y especializacion de los autores. SINTESIS DE LOS DATOS. Utilizando un MBE guia a los clinicos en como utilizar la mejor evidencia disponible en la bibliografia para determinar el mejor encaje entre los datos y los diagnosticos, integrar esta evidencia con la especialidad clinica y las preferencias del paciente y llevar a cabo una auto-evaluacion del proceso. CONCLUSIONES. El uso de un modelo de practica basada en la evidencia para ensenar a las enfermeras como hacer preguntas diagnosticas pertinentes y proporcionar un marco de trabajo para que las enfermeras docentes ensenen la practica basada en la evidencia, puede llevar a desarrollar mayor competencia al diagnosticar y mejoras en la exactitud diagnostica.
Failure and safety assessment of systems using Petri nets

Petri net is a powerful technique widely used in modeling and analysis of complex systems and processes such as manufacturing systems and nuclear power plants. Due to its capability in modeling the dynamics of the systems, Petri net has been combined with fault tree analysis techniques to determine the failure rates of the systems. Although a promising approach, current methods in combining Petri net with fault tree analysis for determining system failure rates assume that the failure rates of the basic events in a system are the same and the Petri net model of the system consists of simple structures. These assumptions do not reflect the real industrial applications for system failure analysis in an agile manufacturing environment. To overcome the limitations of the current methods in applying Petri net for failure and safety assessment of systems, this paper extends the current methods to real applications where basic events can have different failure rates and the systems can be modeled with complex Petri net structures. An example of failure analysis of a robotic manufacturing cell is provided to demonstrate the developed methods.
Quantum interferometric lithography: exploiting entanglement to beat the diffraction limit

Summary form only given. It has been known for some time that entangled photon pairs, such as generated by spontaneous parametric down conversion, have unusual imaging characteristics with sub-shot-noise interferometric phase measurement. In fact, Fonseca, et al., recently demonstrated resolution of a two-slit diffraction patterned at half the Rayleigh limit in a coincidence counting experiment. What we show is that this type of effect is possible not only in coincidence counting experiments, but also in real two-photon absorbing systems, such as those used in classical interferometric lithography. In particular, we will demonstrate that quantum entanglement is the resource that allows sub-diffraction limited lithography.
A seven‐day life cycle cladoceran toxicity test

A three-brood life cycle test for Ceriodaphnia reticulata, using renewal techniques, that can be completed in 7 d is described. The test is convenient when samples to be tested are limited in volume or when time is especially important, such as in on-site effluent testing. The cladoceran C. reticulata is easily cultured and is not bothered by handling; control survival in tests has not been a problem.
The foamy virus genome remains unintegrated in the nuclei of G1/S phase-arrested cells, and integrase is critical for preintegration complex transport into the nucleus.

Foamy viruses are a member of the spumavirus subfamily of retroviruses with unique mechanisms of virus replication. Foamy virus replication is cell cycle dependent; however, the genome is found in the nuclei of cells arrested in the G1/S phase. Despite the presence of genome in the nuclei of growth-arrested cells, there is no viral gene expression, thus explaining its dependency on cell cycle. This report shows that the foamy virus genome remains unintegrated in G1/S phase-arrested cells. The foamy virus genome is detected by confocal microscopy in the nuclei of both dividing and growth-arrested cells. Alu PCR revealed foamy virus-specific DNA amplification from genomic DNA isolated in cycling cells at 24 h postinfection. In arrested cells no foamy virus DNA band was detected in cells harvested at 1 or 7 days after infection, and a very faint band that is significantly less than DNA amplified from cycling cells was observed at day 15. After these cells were arrested at the G1/S phase for 1, 7, or 15 days they were allowed to cycle, at which time foamy virus-specific DNA amplification was readily observed. Taken together, these results suggest that the foamy virus genome persists in nondividing cells without integrating. We have also established evidence for the first time that the foamy virus genome and Gag translocation into the nucleus are dependent on integrase in cycling cells, implicating the role of integrase in transport of the preintegration complex into the nucleus. Furthermore, despite the presence of a nuclear localization signal sequence in Gag, we observed no foamy virus Gag importation into the nucleus in the absence of integrase.
An Ethnographic Study of the Influence of a Mobile Home Community on Suburban High School Students

This study provides an ethnographic account of a mobile home park with specific attention upon the lives of adolescents living in the park and attending a local suburban high school. A symbolic interactionist perspective is utilized. Historical factors leading to the mobile home experience, as well as present policies at the local, state, and federal levels, perpetuate the outsider status of the mobile home park dweller. The mobile home unit and the mobile home park defy conventional categories and are thus “polluted”; an extension of this attitude comes to attach to the consumer of the mobile home experience as likewise being polluted or undesirable. Furthermore, the park dweller appears in the eyes of the American “mainstreamer” to fail to uphold an important symbolic value: the sacred site-built house. Park students are shunned in the school and, when at home, tolerate an adversary relationship with park management. An aura of fear in the park is reflected in the passivity on the part of the tenants. M...
Information Priorities In Turnaround Situations

This study, carried out among members of the Turnaround Management Association, describes the information needs of turnaround managers as they go about rescuing firms from financial crises. Working with limited resources, within a very short timeframe, the managers prioritize their information needs. In so doing, they confirm three hypotheses. First, turnaround managers are more likely to source information from the companys management information system than from the companys customers. Second, they tend to opt for cost cutting rather than increasing revenues. Finally, they are more likely to adopt a current (instead of a future) time horizon in analyzing the information.
Bankruptcy For the States and By the States

In reaction to the fiscal difficulties experienced by state governments over the past three years, several politicians and academics proposed that Congress legislate a new chapter to the Bankruptcy Code under which the financial obligations of a state may be restructured. This essay is forthcoming in an edited volume (Conti-Brown and Skeel, eds., Confronting Fiscal Crisis in American State Government (Cambridge U Press)) which is the product of a conference held at Stanford law School in May 2011. This chapter argues that, if a formal bankruptcy process is valuable for states, it should be legislated at the state rather than federal level for the following reasons: (1) state circumstances and political preferences vary, and state-by-state legislation would permit each state to tailor its bankruptcy process; (2) the state would internalize the cost of issuing debt under the bankruptcy regime of its choice and this would reduce the rent-seeking distortions in the legislative process; (3) a state in financial distress is more likely to initiate its own bankruptcy mechanism than one legislated by the federal government and this would reduce the unpredictability of ad hoc unilateral adjustments currently implemented by the states; and (4) a state-by-state approach would minimize the pressures for a federal bailout, particularly if combined with federal legislation that expressly sets a default bankruptcy regime from which the states can opt out. The state bankruptcy statute would be incorporated into all prospectively created obligations of the state. For some period of time, however, it will have a retroactive application that raises some policy and constitutional issues. This chapter suggests that a state bankruptcy regime is likely to survive challenges under either state or federal constitution if (1) the state can invoke the process only in severe and unforeseen distress, (2) the statute provides for the oversight by the state courts, and (3) the regime promotes the usual bankruptcy objective of creating a surplus while ensuring that no creditor is worse off than if it pursued its individual remedies in a world without bankruptcy. These conditions are not difficult to satisfy and, indeed, are also congenial to the design of an effective regime.
DDAVP-induced maternal hyposmolality increases ovine fetal urine flow

Fetal urine flow is influenced by fetal intravascular volume, glomerular filtration rate, tubular reabsorption, and fluid regulatory hormones. As maternal-to-fetal fluid transfer is dependent on hydrostatic and osmotic gradients, we postulated that a chronic decrease in maternal plasma osmolality would promote transplacental fluid transfer and increase fetal urine flow. Six pregnant ewes and singleton fetuses (131 +/- 2 days; term = 150 days) received bladder and hindlimb arterial and venous catheters. After 5 days, plasma and urine composition, urine flow rate (Uvol), and plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels were measured during a 2-h control period. At 2 h, tap water (2 liter, 38 degrees C) was administered to the ewe. At 3 h, ewes received a 20-micrograms bolus of 1-desamino-[D-Arg8]vasopressin (DDAVP), followed by continuous infusion (4 micrograms/h). In response to water loading, maternal urine osmolality decreased (761 +/- 158 to 339 +/- 13 mosmol/kgH2O), and Uvol increased. After DDAVP, maternal urine osmolality increased (1,270 +/- 89 mosmol/kgH2O), and Uvol, hematocrit, plasma osmolality (304 +/- 1 to 284 +/- 4 mosmol/kgH2O), and protein concentration decreased. Five hours after maternal DDAVP infusion, fetal plasma osmolality decreased (300 +/- 1 to 281 +/- 3 mosmol/kgH2O), and Uvol increased (0.4 +/- 0.1 to 1.3 +/- 0.2 ml/min) and remained elevated at 24 h. There was no change in fetal plasma DDAVP (immunoreactive AVP) levels or fetal urine osmolality. Controlled changes in maternal plasma osmolality may prove useful in modulating fetal urine flow and, ultimately, amniotic fluid volume.
Molybdenum(VI) complexes of a 2,2'-biphenyl-bridged bis(amidophenoxide): competition between metal-ligand and metal-amidophenoxide π bonding.

The 2,2′-biphenyl-bridged bis(2-aminophenol) ligand 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-N,N′-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2′-diaminobiphenyl (tBuClipH4) reacts with MoO2(acac)2 to form (tBuClipH2)MoO2, where the diarylamines remain protonated and bind trans to the terminal oxo groups. This complex readily loses water on treatment with pyridine or 3,5-lutidine to form mono-oxo complexes (tBuClip)MoO(L), which exhibit predominantly a cis-β geometry with an aryloxide trans to the oxo group. Exchange of the pyridine ligands is rapid and takes place by a dissociative mechanism, which occurs with retention of stereochemistry at molybdenum. Oxo-free alkoxide complexes (tBuClip)Mo(OR)2 are formed from (tBuClipH2)MoO2 and ROH. Treatment of NMo(OtBu)3 with tBuClipH4 results in complete deprotonation of the bis(aminophenol) and formation of a dimolybdenum complex (tBuClip)Mo(μ-N)(μ-NH2)Mo(tBuClip) containing both a bridging nitride (Mo–N = 1.848 A, Mo–N–Mo = 109.49°) and a bridging amide group. The strong π bonding of th...
Nanopore Analysis of Single-Stranded Binding Protein Interactions with DNA

We study the binding of E. coli single-stranded binding protein (SSB) to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) using a solid-state nanopore assay. We find that saturated nucleoprotein complexes can be distinguished easily from free SSB, ssDNA, or double-stranded DNA individually and demonstrate that the high affinity of SSB for ssDNA can be exploited to achieve high-fidelity differentiation from duplex molecules in a mixture. We then study nucleoprotein filament formation by systematically varying the amount of SSB relative to ssDNA. We observe a concomitant shift in the mean amplitude of electrical events that is consistent with weakly cooperative binding. Finally, we compare circular and linearized ssDNA saturated with SSB and use the results to infer structural details of the nucleoprotein complex.
SU‐B‐BRA‐06: Panel Member

In the current rapidly changing Healthcare environment, many groups are competing for limited resources. How can medical physicists position themselves to be a relevant stakeholder in the discussion of how those resources are allocated Our value goes beyond what can be shown in a business plan and is heavily involved with safety and quality. Three areas will be explored: 1.What is our value? 2.Who needs to receive that message? 3.How do we communicate that message? To help frame the discussion in terms of how other stakeholders may view the value of medical physicists, a physician and an administrator will present their perspective. Lastly, a multidisciplinary panel will present real life examples of strategies that can be utilized today to establish the value of medical physicists. The presentation of these examples will lead into an interactive question and answer time. V. Willcut, I work for Elekta. There was no research associated with this talk.
Mitochondrial m - and i -AAA proteases

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an overview of the structural chemistry and the biological aspects of mitochondrial m- and i-AAA proteases. The mitochondrial m- and i-AAA proteases were originally discovered in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yme1p, Yta10p and Yta12p form a subfamily of the AAA family of proteins. All AAA family members exhibit a highly conserved domain of 300 amino acids containing specialized forms of ATPase A and B boxes, and a highly homologous region of 63 amino acid residues, referred to as the DEXD domain. The mitochondrial AAA proteases from all sources share extensive sequence similarities with each other and with the FtsH protein of E. coli. All of these proteins are similar in size and are integral membrane proteins, and contain a sequence motif (HEXXH) characteristic of metallopeptidases in clans MA and MB. The m-AAA protease complex, composed of Ytal0p and Ytal2p, has an important chaperone function in the assembly of mitochondrial inner-membrane protein complexes. This function is dependent upon the inherent ATPase activity of Yta10p and Yta12p.
Why history matters: Placing infant and child development in historical perspective

AbstractHow knowledge of the history of childhood problematizes many common assumptions about child development, rebuts myths that distort public understanding, refutes simplistic linear theories o...
Assessing an LGBTQ Responsive Training Intervention for School Counselor Trainees

This mixed methods, explanatory sequential design study explored changes over time in participants who were taking part in an experiential training intervention focused on school counseling trainees’ knowledge, awareness, and skills in working with P–12 lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) student populations. Results indicated that trainees’ knowledge, skills, and school counseling–related self-efficacy with P–12 LGBTQ student populations increased over time, but trainees’ reported levels of sexual orientation awareness decreased. Implications for training, practice, and research are discussed.
Just a Bigger Fish

Shark Tank: Greed, Politics, and the Collapse of Finley, Kumble, One of America’s Largest Law Firms is a non-fiction potboiler written by Kim Isaac Eisler. The story is generally about the decline and fall of an institution instrumental to capitalism that prospered during much of the 1980s. In particular, it is about the decline and fall of men whose hubris and greed make the decline and fall so satisfying to read. While it would be easy to dismiss the demise of Finley, Kumble, because it was not an old, established “white shoe” law firm, or to analogize it to the other capitalistic excesses of the 1980s, the story gives readers some insight into the future of law firms and the legal profession. Additionally, it outlines two stories which need to be studied in order to more fully appreciate the sociology of the large law firm: the extent to which the influence Steven Brill and The American Lawyer has affected large law firms, and the value of and method by which a law firm achieves “white shoe” or establishment status in the practice of law in New York City. Although there are several disconcerting gaps in character development, Eisler competently tells the reader the story of how Finley, Kumble grew into the second largest firm in the United States, and how it crumbled quickly thereafter. This makes Shark Tank worthwhile, mildly diverting entertainment, designed for lawyers, businessmen, and other professionals to peruse at the beach.
Vasilijus Safronovas, The creation of national spaces in a pluricultural region: the case of Prussian Lithuania

In the past decades, studies of ethnic relations, nationality policy, and imperial policies have burgeoned. Similarly, recent studies have looked into the development of national identity, the inte...