cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New method to measure coronary velocity and coronary flow reserve

Coronary flow reserve (CFR) is an important index of coronary microcirculatory function. The objective of this study was to validate the reproducibility and accuracy of intravascular conductance ca...
In the Search for New Anticancer Drugs. 26. A Comparison of Anticancer Activities of Several TEPA, Thio-TEPA, Seleno-TEPA, and Azetidine Analogs, Including Congeners Containing an Aminoxyl Moiety

A series of TEPA, Thio-TEPA, Seleno-TEPA, and azetidine analogs, including congeners containing an aminoxyl moiety, were synthesized and evaluated in vivo for anticancer activity against the murine lymphocytic leukemia P388. All aziridine derivatives were found to be active with an increase in life span ranging from 42% to 272%, and all azetidine analogs were rated as inactive with one marginal exception. An attempt was made to rationalize the results on the basis of the lipophilic properties of the compounds. The most active compound (8) possessed the most balanced lipophilic properties, corresponding to a log P value near zero.
Sources of Occupational Stress Among Firefighter/EMTs and Firefighter/Paramedics and Correlations with Job-related Outcomes

Introduction/Objective:This paper reports the results of an initial effort to develop and test measure of the various sources of job-related stress in firefighter and paramedic emergenc service workers.Methods:A 57-item paper and pencil measure of occupational stressor in firefighter/Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) and firefighter/paramedics was developed and administered by anonymous mail survey.Results:More than 2,000 (50% rate of return) emergency service workers comple and returned the surveys. The responses of 1,730 firefighter/EMTs and 253 firefighter/paramedics were very similar in terms of the degree to which job stressors were bothersome. A factor analysis of replies yielded 14 statistically independent “Occupational Stressor” factors which together accounted for 66.3% of the instrument's variance. These Sources of Occupational Stress (SOOS) factor scale scores essentially did not correlate with a measure the social desirability test-taking bias. Finall SOOS factors were identified that correlated with job satisfaction and work-related morale of the respondents. Conflict with administration was the job stressor factor that most strongly correlated with reports of low job satisfaction and poor work morale in both study groups.Conclusion:The findings suggest that firefighter and paramedic job stress is very complicated and multi-faceted. Based on this preliminary investigation, the SOOS instrument appears to have adequate reliability and concurrent validity.
On-chip, real-time, single-copy polymerase chain reaction in picoliter droplets.

The first lab-on-chip system for picoliter droplet generation and PCR amplification with real-time fluorescence detection has performed PCR in isolated droplets at volumes 106 smaller than commercial real-time PCR instruments. The system utilized a shearing T-junction in a silicon device to generate a stream of monodisperse picoliter droplets that were isolated from the microfluidic channel walls and each other by the oil-phase carrier. An off-chip valving system stopped the droplets on-chip, allowing them to be thermally cycled through the PCR protocol without droplet motion. With this system, a 10-pL droplet, encapsulating less than one copy of viral genomic DNA through Poisson statistics, showed real-time PCR amplification curves with a cycle threshold of ∼18, 20 cycles earlier than commercial instruments. This combination of the established real-time PCR assay with digital microfluidics is ideal for isolating single-copy nucleic acids in a complex environment.
My child is unique; the pharmacokinetics are universal

Summary The pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters that are important for dosing (e.g., clearance and volume) are well known. They are used in universal mathematical formulae that describe the time course of drug concentration. Additional formulae can be used to describe major covariate effects in children, such as size and maturation. PK parameters describing the time–concentration profile of a drug after administration are those for a typical individual in a population. These parameters are associated with variability. Further, any one individual may not be typical of the population studied. While size and maturation are two important considerations in children and assist with dosing estimation, there are also a number of additional PK covariates (e.g., organ function, disease, drug interactions, pharmacogenetics), and identifying these sources of variability allows us to individualize drug dose. Pharmacology is not simply an application of PK, and determinants of drug dose also require an understanding of the variability associated with pharmacodynamic response and a balancing of beneficial effects against unwanted effects. Each child is unique in this respect.
Immigrant Status, Living Arrangements, and Depressive Symptoms Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Objectives This research draws from social integration theory to explain the relationship between living arrangements and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults. Particular attention is given to identifying differences between nonimmigrants and immigrants. Methods The data come from the baseline and first 2-year follow-up of the Health and Retirement Study, which were collected in 1992 and 1994. The analysis is based on 6,391 primary respondents who were aged 51 to 61 at the baseline. Descriptive statistics, cross-sectional ordinary least squares regression models, and longitudinal residualized regression models are estimated for the entire sample and by immigrant status. Results Living arrangements and immigrant status interact to influence depressive symptoms. The results confirm that depressive symptoms are higher among those who live alone, particularly among immigrants. Living with family or others is related to higher cross-sectional levels of depressive symptoms, especially for immigrants, and greater longitudinal increases in depressive symptoms among nonimmigrants. Discussion The results highlight the important influence of social integration on mental health while demonstrating that context shapes the effect of social integration. They suggest that interventions should promote social integration, particularly among older adults living alone or with family or others. However, those programs should be sensitive to the unique needs of native-born and immigrant populations.
There and Back Again: A Current History of Sleep Medicine

Sleep science has been a vigorously evolving field over the past 60 years, and the practice of sleep medicine has become increasingly complex with a growing number of tests and treatments. This article briefly traces the history of the field of sleep science over the past three millennia. The foundations of sleep medicine can be traced back to ancient civilizations around the globe. Many philosophers, scientists, and researchers have espoused theories about the causes of sleep throughout the centuries, theories that have become more intricate as our understanding of medicine and neurobiology has continued to advance.
Activated protein C resistance and anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with venous leg ulcers.

Abstract Background: Hypercoagulable states, which include the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies (ACAs), have been associated with skin ulceration. Resistance to activated protein C (APC), resulting from the factor V Leiden mutation, is a common risk factor for venous thrombosis. Its prevalence among patients with venous leg ulcers is not known. Objective: Our purpose was to determine the prevalence of factor V Leiden and ACA in patients with venous leg ulceration. Methods: Twenty-nine consecutive patients with venous leg ulcers were studied. Resistance to APC was first determined by functional assay based on the partial thromboplastin time. Patients with an abnormally low APC ratio were then subjected to molecular analysis for confirmation of factor V Leiden. Measurements of ACA were performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: APC resistance was detected in 11 of 26 patients. However, only 2 of these 11 patients (7.7% overall) were found to be heterozygous for the factor V Leiden mutation. ACA was present in neither patient with the Leiden mutation but was found in 6 of 21 patients tested (29% overall). Conclusion: The factor V Leiden mutation, unlike ACA, may not be more prevalent in patients with venous leg ulcers than in the general population. Our results emphasize the importance of molecular analysis for factor V Leiden in patients with APC resistance. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;37:409-13.)
Automatic detection vs controlled search: a paper-and-pencil approach.

A new measure of selective attention was presented to 259 normal volunteers. The test was derived from earlier work which emphasized the importance of controlling the distracting conditions using a...
Effect of Comonomer Sequence Distribution on the Adsorption of Random Copolymers onto Impenetrable Flat Surfaces

We study the effect of comonomer sequence distributions in random copolymers (RCPs) on RCP adsorption on flat impenetrable surfaces. RCP poly(styrene-co-4-bromostyrene) (PBrxS), where x denotes the mole fraction of 4-bromostryrene (4-BrS), is prepared by bromination of parent homopolystyrene. By varying the solvent quality during the bromination, either “truly random” (good solvent) or “random-blocky” (poor solvent) PBrxS RCPs are prepared. Adsorption studies of PBrxS from various solvents at silica surfaces reveal that the adsorption of PBrxS increases with (1) increasing blockiness of the macromolecule, (2) increasing content of 4-BrS in PBrxS, and (3) decreasing solvent quality. Additionally, the effect of comonomer sequence distribution on RCP adsorption is modeled in detail using a coarse-grained statistical mechanical model and fully atomistic simulations based on configurational-biased grand-canonical Monte Carlo (CB-GCMC) technique. The main result from the simulations can be summarized as follows...
D-Lactic acid biosynthesis from biomass-derived sugars via Lactobacillus delbrueckii fermentation

Poly-lactic acid (PLA) derived from renewable resources is considered to be a good substitute for petroleum-based plastics. The number of poly l-lactic acid applications is increased by the introduction of a stereocomplex PLA, which consists of both poly-l and d-lactic acid and has a higher melting temperature. To date, several studies have explored the production of l-lactic acid, but information on biosynthesis of d-lactic acid is limited. Pulp and corn stover are abundant, renewable lignocellulosic materials that can be hydrolyzed to sugars and used in biosynthesis of d-lactic acid. In our study, saccharification of pulp and corn stover was done by cellulase CTec2 and sugars generated from hydrolysis were converted to d-lactic acid by a homofermentative strain, L. delbrueckii, through a sequential hydrolysis and fermentation process (SHF) and a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process (SSF). 36.3 g L−1 of d-lactic acid with 99.8 % optical purity was obtained in the batch fermentation of pulp and attained highest yield and productivity of 0.83 g g−1 and 1.01 g L−1 h−1, respectively. Luedeking–Piret model described the mixed growth-associated production of d-lactic acid with a maximum specific growth rate 0.2 h−1 and product formation rate 0.026 h−1, obtained for this strain. The efficient synthesis of d-lactic acid having high optical purity and melting point will lead to unique stereocomplex PLA with innovative applications in polymer industry.
Ciset: a generalization of fuzzy sets

In this paper we extend fuzzy theory to handle both positive and negative values. This would enable us to extend database theory and expert systems to integrate the supporting and the opposing facts based on the subject matter and thus obtain a complete picture of the situation.
Chemical vapor deposition precursor chemistry. 5. The photolytic laser deposition of aluminum thin films by chemical vapor deposition

Thin films of very high purity aluminum were formed from the laser photolysis of trimethylamine alane (TMAA) using both ultraviolet (pulsed nitrogen) and visible (argon ion) laser irradiation on a variety of substrates including gold. Si (111), GaAs (110) and Teflon (PTFE). At thicknesses of up to 1 μm, nearly linear growth rates of 377 As -1 and 112 As -1 were observed. The formation of volatile species formed during the deposition of aluminum from TMAA was investigated by quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) of the reactant gas stream. The highest intensity post-deposition mass fragments were observed at m/z 58, 43 and 42 amu corresponding to (NC 3 H 8 ) + , (NC 2 H 5 ) + and (NC 2 H 4 ) + , respectively. These species arise from the dissociation and subsequent fragmentation of the trimethylamine ligand from the starting TMAA complex. Semi-empirical quantum chemical calculations (MNDO) for TMAA provided further support that photolysis of this precursor should result in principally ligand dissociation processes since the LUMO orbital is primarily an aluminum-nitrogen antibonding interaction. The deposited materials were also characterized by X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Laser Microprobe Mass Analysis (LAMMA) techniques.
Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields do Not Reduce Vesicant Skin Ulcers in Mice

A study was conducted in mice to teat the efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEW) as a means of reducing acute and chronic skin ulceration from two model vesicant anticancer drugs. Adult female BALB/c mice were dehaired dorsally and given 0.5 mg intradermal injections of the DNA intercalators, doxorubicin and bisantrene. The mice-re then housed in plexiglass cages and exposed to 2-Hz PEMF of repetitive pulse bursts of 250 μsec or 20 μsec duration. Skin lesions and survival were assessed daily. There was no significant skin toxicity reduction with either PEMF treatment for doxorubicin (acute ulceration) or bisantrene (chronic ulceration). The inclusion of topical DMSO treatments also did not reduce skin ulceration and appeared to increase doxorubicin lethality. The PEMF treatments appeared to slightly increase some of the vesicant ulcers and doxorubicin lethality.
Value of Molecular Tests in Cytologically Indeterminate Lesions of Thyroid.

Context.— Fine-needle aspiration has been the initial step in the workup of thyroid nodular lesions and has successfully reduced the number of unnecessary surgeries and improved preoperative malignancy detection. However, up to one-third of cases fall in the diagnostically “indeterminate group,” which poses a patient-management challenge. Objective.— To review the characteristics of molecular tests useful for stratifying the malignancy risk of indeterminate thyroid lesions, including their advantages and limitations. Data sources.— PubMed. Conclusions.— Molecular tests are useful for triage of indeterminate thyroid nodules initially diagnosed by using fine-needle aspiration. Immunocytochemistry is readily available with the shortest turnaround time among the molecular tests but suffers from poor reproducibility and low interpretation concordance. Gene mutation analysis is superior in detecting malignancies as a rule-in test, despite low specificity. Next-generation sequencing seems promising but needs mor...
Preventing venous thromboembolism in patients admitted by hospital using Microsoft Kinect V2

This paper describes a system using Kinect V2 sensor to score patient exercises automatically in hospital for self-rehabilitation purpose to reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The patient could perform shoulder/hip abduction exercises by lifting arm/leg to improve circulation at any time, even when the nursing staff is unavailable. The patient activities are represented by the features extracted from Kinect V2 skeletons. For the medical or surgery patients, Kinect could provide the following measurements: the amount of lift from left or right arm/leg, the range of the lift. The doctor or therapist could better understand the health status of the patient and provide the follow-up therapy. The ground truth is observed from the Kinect V2 depth sensor.
FLOW-INDUCED NOISE IN HEAT EXCHANGERS

Noise or vibration problems in heat exchangers may be encountered in those instances when a natural acoustic frequency of the exchanger in the direction normal to the flow direction and tube length is close to the frequency determined by the Strouhal number. In this case coupling can occur giving oscillation of a large amplitude which results in an excessive pressure drop. If the banks of tubes are closely spaced, interactioni takes place between the vortexes shedding from the various banks of tubes. Experiments on pairs of tubes, in-line tubes, and staggered tubes show the Strouhal number no longer has a value of about 1/5, as for a single isolated tube, and the critical dimension may be tube spacing rather than tube diameter. Several types of equipment alterations found useful in noise suppression are given. (C.J.G.)
ULTRA-HIGH DENSITY OPTICAL DATA STORAGE

We have developed a novel, polymer-based material suitable for shrinkage-free thick holography. It can be produced in arbitrary shapes and sizes, with optical quality surfaces and very low scattering noise. A combination of spatial and angular multiplexing in this material can be used to produce a holographic CD-ROM with a storage capacity of one terabyte in the near future. We have demonstrated storage and recall of 1920 frames of a video in a small sample of this material. The storage capacity of holography can be enhanced further by adding spectral multiplexing. In a crystal of Pr:YSO, we have demonstrated spectral multiplexing in two frequency dimensions, at temperatures greater than 10 K. This approach will enable us to achieve a storage capacity exceeding a petabit per cubic cm, using commercially available lasers and closed-cycle cryostats.
Livedoid Dermatitis Treated With Nifedipine

Intravenous injection of buprenorphine as a cause of livedoid dermatitis is a recently described phenomenon. This report reviews the brief literature of this finding, and presents a case of livedoi...
The Subimaginal Cuticle of the Mayfly Callibaetis sp. (Ephemeroptera)

Mayflies are the only group of insects in which there is usually another molt after a functionally winged stage is attained. Doubt has been expressed in the literature whether the cuticle of the subimago is a true cuticle, and hence whether the subimago represents a true instar. Examination of stages from late naiad through subimago to imago of a species of Callibaetis shows that the subimago has a normal cuticle and that its exuvia is also normal. During the subimaginal stage there is a normal molt cycle producing the adult cuticle. Therefore the subimaginal stage represents a true instar. That the ecdysial membrane seems to arise by modification of the subcuticle is suggested from the series of histochemical tests employed. Other details of the subimaginal cuticle are given, including that the staining reactions of intersegmental membranes are distinctive, that both the subcuticle and the ecdysial membrane are visibly fibrous, and that the subcuticle is composed of at least two different materials.
Some analogues of eberhard’s theorem on convex polytopes

Letp k denote the number ofk-gonal faces of a simple 3-polytope. Euler’s relation leads to an equation between thep k ’s which does not involvep 6. Eberhard proved in 1891 that every sequence of non-negative integers (p 3,p 4,…) satisfying this equation corresponds to a polytope for suitable values ofp 6. In the present paper it is established that ifp 3=p 4=0 then every valuep 6≧8 is suitable.
Social Activism in and Around Organizations

AbstractOrganizations are frequent targets for social activists aiming to influence society by first altering organizational policies and practices. Reflecting a steady rise in research on this topic, we review recent literature and advance an insider-outsider framework to help explicate the diverse mechanisms and pathways involved. Our framework distinguishes between different types of activists based on their relationship with targeted organizations. For example, “insider” activists who are employees of the target organization have certain advantages and disadvantages when compared with “outsider” activists who are members of independent social movement organizations. We also distinguish between the direct and indirect (or spillover) effects of social activism. Much research has focused on the direct effects of activism on targeted organizations, but often the effects on non-targeted organizations matter more for activists goals of achieving widespread change. Drawing on this framework, we identify and ...
Study on the construction of port city based on the concept of the fourth generation port—a case study of Qingdao West Coast New Area

The fourth generation port keeps the center position of international resource allocation.Port city based on the fourth generation port highlights the advantage of the integration of regional and even global economic resources.On the basis of the world port city construction experience,Qingdao West Coast New Area should accelerate the construction of port city at the core of double port around the traffic strategy,industry strategy,spatial strategy and ecological strategy,etc.,providing a powerful driving force for the development of the new area.
Efficient Monitoring of Untrusted Kernel-Mode Execution.

Recent malware instances execute completely in the kernel as drivers; they do not contain any user-level malicious processes. This design evades the system call monitoring used by many software security solutions, including malware analyzers and host-based intrusion detectors that track only user-level processes. To trace the behavior of kernel malware instances, we design and implement a hypervisor-based system called Gateway that monitors kernel APIs invoked by drivers. Gateway creates a hardened, non-bypassable monitoring interface by isolating drivers in an address space separate from the kernel. To overcome the performance degradation introduced by switches between these separate address spaces, our design rewrites binary kernel and driver code at runtime and generates new code on demand to optimize the address space transition speed. Our experimental measurements show performance overheads of 10% or better, with many overheads less than 1%. Our security evaluation shows that Gateway is able to monitor all kernel APIs invoked by malicious drivers across its non-bypassable interface.
Industrial advance and the dawn of mass politics, 1930s–1960s

Between the 1930s and the 1960s, Chile underwent a widening of the democratic tradition, in which the franchise expanded and vigorous party competition continued, with the Marxist Left now an established actor. Fourteen years of Radical party ascendancy (1938–52) were followed by the election of the former dictator Ibanez and, in 1958, a right-wing administration headed by Jorge Alessandri (Chapter 9). From the 1930s onward, the state took an increasing hand in the economy, as export-led growth was supplanted by “inward-directed” development, although the export of copper remained a vital economic factor. The impulse to industrialize yielded some initially impressive results, the innovative state development agency CORFO spurring industrial advance. Urban progress, however, was not replicated in the hacienda-dominated countryside. By the 1950s economic growth had slackened off, and the pressure for “structural” reform was mounting. The way was now opened to parties with strong reforming platforms (Chapter 10) .
The Social Determinants of Health & Public Health Practice

After the previous three chapters, it should be difficult to deny both the moral and the public health impact of the social determinants of health. And even while reasonable people of good conscience will disagree on how much of a priority attention to these social determinants are, there is little basis for concluding that such attention is not “a” priority. So, if this is the case, what are the implications for public health practice itself? Of what should it consist? Public health practice is obviously related to public health policy and to public health leadership, but is not identical to either. We might argue that policy related to the social determinants of health might be a top priority without necessarily committing any individual public health practitioner to any particular action or intervention. Yet, at the same time, if public health practice does not track priorities in public health policy, such policies are virtually guaranteed to be ineffective.
Nationhood as Cultural Repertoire: Collective Identities and Political Attitudes in France and Germany

This chapter outlines a new approach to comparative research on nationalist beliefs in established democracies, using evidence from France and Germany. Instead of assuming the existence of a unitary and homogeneous national identity at the country level or reducing nationalism to isolated variables, I identify subsets of survey respondents in each country who espouse distinctive combinations of attitudes toward the nation. The resulting repertoires of nationhood are strikingly similar in content—but not prevalence—across the two countries, which helps shed light on aggregate patterns of nationalist beliefs in the two populations. Moreover, adherence to each type of nationalism consistently predicts support for anti-immigrant attitudes, Euroscepticism, economic protectionism, and radical-right party support. The results suggest that competing popular understandings of the nation are likely to constitute salient and mobilizable cultural cleavages in contemporary European politics.
Milk Pasteurization, Curdling and Salting: Steps which can Modify Omega-3-Fortified Cheese

Fortification of cheese with omega-3 represents a challenge for food scientists because of the different stages of cheese-making in which the concentration of the nutrient can be decreased. Milk pasteurization, curdling, and salting are critical steps in the production of cheese, and the incorporation of liquid and microencapsulated omega-3 (fish and vegetable oil) has been explored during these stages in soft, semi-hard, and hard cheeses. Higher omega-3 retention has been observed when omega-3 is added after milk pasteurization or during salting; also, the addition of microencapsulated omega-3 remained in higher concentration. Non-thermal approaches such as high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric fields and ultrasound have been applied for milk pasteurization to modify the structure of milk fat globules and allow high retention of omega-3 molecules with successful results. In contrast, the feed of ruminants with grass rich in omega-3 did not produce cheese with high concentrations of the nutrient.
Impact of the lipid bilayer on energy transfer kinetics in the photosynthetic protein LH2

Photosynthetic purple bacteria convert solar energy to chemical energy with near unity quantum efficiency. The light-harvesting process begins with absorption of solar energy by an antenna protein called Light-Harvesting Complex 2 (LH2). Energy is subsequently transferred within LH2 and then through a network of additional light-harvesting proteins to a central location, termed the reaction center, where charge separation occurs. The energy transfer dynamics of LH2 are highly sensitive to intermolecular distances and relative organizations. As a result, minor structural perturbations can cause significant changes in these dynamics. Previous experiments have primarily been performed in two ways. One uses non-native samples where LH2 is solubilized in detergent, which can alter protein structure. The other uses complex membranes that contain multiple proteins within a large lipid area, which make it difficult to identify and distinguish perturbations caused by protein–protein interactions and lipid–protein interactions. Here, we introduce the use of the biochemical platform of model membrane discs to study the energy transfer dynamics of photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes in a near-native environment. We incorporate a single LH2 from Rhodobacter sphaeroides into membrane discs that provide a spectroscopically amenable sample in an environment more physiological than detergent but less complex than traditional membranes. This provides a simplified system to understand an individual protein and how the lipid–protein interaction affects energy transfer dynamics. We compare the energy transfer rates of detergent-solubilized LH2 with those of LH2 in membrane discs using transient absorption spectroscopy and transient absorption anisotropy. For one key energy transfer step in LH2, we observe a 30% enhancement of the rate for LH2 in membrane discs compared to that in detergent. Based on experimental results and theoretical modeling, we attribute this difference to tilting of the peripheral bacteriochlorophyll in the B800 band. These results highlight the importance of well-defined systems with near-native membrane conditions for physiologically-relevant measurements.
Utilization of IMTA-produced Ulva lactuca to supplement or partially replace pelleted diets in shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) reared in a clear water production system

Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) systems typically rely on macroalgae to maintain water quality for fed and extractive species. Macroalgae harvested from these systems can in turn be used as feed source for these species. This study evaluated the use of harvested Ulva lactuca from a land-based IMTA system as a partial replacement (25, 50%) or a supplement (25%) to a commercial shrimp diet for Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles. In addition to the impacts on shrimp production, the nutritional profile of the commercial diet and the macroalgae were compared. Thirty shrimp (1.17 ± 0.12 g) were stocked in 80-L tanks in a clear water system and fed either a commercial pellet (100F), a commercial diet supplemented with U. lactuca (100F:25U), or a partial replacement diet (75F:25U, 50F:50U) for 7 weeks. Survival was similar in all treatment groups; however, all growth parameters were significantly lower in the 50F:50U group, although feed conversion ratio was also lowered. The harvested Ulva contained high levels of protein (32%) and a similar amino acid profile to that of the commercial diet, although lipid levels were low (1.9%), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was lacking. Shrimp in the partial replacement treatment groups had significantly lower protein levels. These results indicate that up to 25% of a commercial diet may be replaced with fresh U. lactuca without impacting shrimp production, and therefore, a cost savings in feed may be seen in an IMTA system producing both shrimp and Ulva.
Does training matter in public organizations? Assessing training effects in the U.S. law enforcement agencies

This study examined the consequences of training on organizations. With data collected from 464 U.S. law enforcement agencies, training effects were explored in terms of crime control performance and sworn officers' resignation in regression analysis. According to the findings, training did not significantly improve crime control performance and police officers tended to stay in current organizations when they received a longer training. This study also found that law enforcement agencies in large cities tended to require longer training hours for their police officers.
Medical and non-medical marijuana use in depression: Longitudinal associations with suicidal ideation, everyday functioning, and psychiatry service utilization.

Abstract Background Marijuana use is clinically problematic in depression, and non-medical and medical use may both contribute to barriers to care in this population. Among outpatients with depression, we examined the differential impact of medical or non-medical marijuana use, relative to no-use, on psychopathology and service use over time. Method Participants were 307 psychiatry outpatients participating in a trial of drug/alcohol use treatment for depression. Measures of past 30-day marijuana use, depression/anxiety symptoms, psychiatry visits, and functional data related to health status were collected at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Regressions (baseline and 1 year) and growth models (over time) predicted clinical and psychiatry visit outcomes, from medical or non-medical marijuana use (no-use = reference). Results At baseline, 40.0% of the sample used marijuana and more reported non-medical (71.7%) than medical (28.2%) use. Relative to non-users at baseline, patients using medically had worse mental/physical health functioning (p's Limitations Participants were psychiatry outpatients, limiting generalizability. Conclusions Marijuana use, especially non-medical use, among patients with depression may impede depression symptom improvement while lessening the likelihood of psychiatry visits. Marijuana use and associated barriers to care should receive consideration by depression treatment providers.
Role of Abscisic Acid in Thermal Acclimation of Plants

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a stress hormone that confers resistance to abiotic stressors, including drought, salt, cold, and heat. In general, antioxidant capacity and heat shock proteins (HSPs) mainly mediate ABA to enhance thermal acclimation in plants, but sugar metabolism and signaling also play critical roles in this response in the presence of ABA. Indeed, ABA accelerates sugar metabolism and transports more carbohydrates to spikelets under heat stress, which is beneficial to plants surviving under stressful conditions. Few studies have summarized the interactions among sucrose metabolism, signaling, and hormones in plants during heat stress, but this topic will likely attract more attention in the future. This article reviews the antioxidant capacity, HSPs, sugar metabolism, hormone crosstalk, and their interactions involved in ABA-induced heat tolerance in plants. Clarifying the underlying mechanisms will be invaluable for breeding heat-resistant cultivars and for developing new tissue culture techniques that reduce heat damage in plants.
Market Self-Learning of Signals, Impact and Optimal Trading: Invisible Hand Inference with Free Energy (Or, How We Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Bounded Rationality)

We present a simple model of a non-equilibrium self-organizing market where asset prices are partially driven by investment decisions of a bounded-rational agent. The agent acts in a stochastic market environment driven by various exogenous "alpha" signals, agent's own actions (via market impact), and noise. Unlike traditional agent-based models, our agent aggregates all traders in the market, rather than being a representative agent. Therefore, it can be identified with a bounded-rational component of the market itself, providing a particular implementation of an Invisible Hand market mechanism. In such setting, market dynamics are modeled as a fictitious self-play of such bounded-rational market-agent in its adversarial stochastic environment. As rewards obtained by such self-playing market agent are not observed from market data, we formulate and solve a simple model of such market dynamics based on a neuroscience-inspired Bounded Rational Information Theoretic Inverse Reinforcement Learning (BRIT-IRL). This results in effective asset price dynamics with a non-linear mean reversion - which in our model is generated dynamically, rather than being postulated. We argue that our model can be used in a similar way to the Black-Litterman model. In particular, it represents, in a simple modeling framework, market views of common predictive signals, market impacts and implied optimal dynamic portfolio allocations, and can be used to assess values of private signals. Moreover, it allows one to quantify a "market-implied" optimal investment strategy, along with a measure of market rationality. Our approach is numerically light, and can be implemented using standard off-the-shelf software such as TensorFlow.
Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experiences at an Academic Medical Center.

Purpose:Introductory pharmacy practice experiences (IPPEs) for pharmacy students are required by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education, but guidance for rotational structure is limited.O...
LITERARY SPAIN 1928

Author's summary.— A survey of the Spanish literary world, with general critical comment and annotated bibliography.
63. THE NEXT MORNING: MODIFICATIONS MADE ON ROUNDS TO ORDERS PLACED BY OVERNIGHT ADMITTING RESIDENTS

Background An increased focus on quality and safety has resulted in increased resident supervision by attending physicians. At our large pediatric academic medical center, the overnight shift is when residents admit general pediatrics patients without immediate attending supervision. As such, admission orders are not evaluated by an attending until morning rounds. To the authors’ knowledge these orders have not been previously evaluated in the academic literature. Objectives To categorize orders placed by residents overnight that were subsequently discontinued on medical rounds the next morning and to examine the reasons for those changes. Methods We utilized our hospital's Enterprise Data Warehouse to generate a report of all orders placed on newly admitted patients by residents on the general pediatrics night shift over a 12-month period that were subsequently discontinued the following morning on rounds. All charts were reviewed by two independent reviewers. Orders were categorized by type of order and perceived reason for discontinuation. Disagreements on categorization were discussed with the research team until consensus was achieved. Results 290 discontinued patient orders were included in the analysis. Inter-rater agreement was very good with a kappa of 0.91. 66% of orders were medicines, 11% were diets, 4% were diagnostic testing, and 19% were for patient care. Within medication orders, 29% were antibiotics, 17% were antiasthmatics, and 10% were non-narcotic analgesics. The reason for order discontinuation was due to a change in clinical trajectory in 44% of cases (98% of which was patient improvement), primary attending decision in 11% of cases, and due to medical errors in 8% of cases. The most common medical error was a duplicate order (37.5%). Conclusions This study suggests that admission orders placed by pediatrics residents overnight are clinically appropriate. Medical errors were most commonly duplicate orders. This pilot identifies the need for further study to better understand the overnight care delivered by residents and to identify areas for increased resident autonomy.
Skeletal Anatomy of the Bigeye Sand Tiger Shark, Odontaspis noronhai (Lamniformes: Odontaspididae), and Its Implications for Lamniform Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Conservation Biology

Lamniformes (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) is a group of sharks that consists of 15 extant species with a wide range of morphological diversity. The most rarely captured lamniform is Odontaspis noronhai, and many aspects of its biology remain unknown to date. In this study, the skeletal anatomy of a previously described specimen of O. noronhai was examined using computed tomography. The new skeletal data were then added to a previously published morphology-based character matrix to conduct a new phylogenetic analysis of the Lamniformes. Our phylogenetic study strongly suggests non-monophyly of Odontaspididae, that traditionally consisted of Carcharias taurus, O. ferox, and O. noronhai. Thus, the family Carchariidae is formally resurrected for the genus Carcharias to separate it from the family Odontaspididae sensu stricto for Odontaspis. The overall topology of our phylogenetic trees is similar to that of previously published morphology-based trees and drastically different from the tree topology generally attained by molecular data that cluster Alopias, Megachasma, Odontaspis, and Pseudocarcharias together as a separate clade. The major topological discrepancy between molecular and morphological trees may be attributed to unconventionally asynchronous rates between morphological and molecular evolution, at least in certain species within the Lamniformes, along with likely manifestation of mosaic evolution. The recognition of the family Carchariidae is important to conservation biology, because the extinction of C. taurus would not only mean the elimination of the genus Carcharias, but also the entire family Carchariidae. Our study demonstrates the importance of the integration of both morphological and molecular information to understand organismal evolution.
Comparison of Attachment and Antibacterial Activity of Covalent and Noncovalent Lysozyme-Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotube-lysozyme (LSZ) conjugates provide an attractive combination of high strength and antimicrobial activity. However, there has not been a direct comparison of the covalent and noncovalent methods for creating them. In this work, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) were functionalized with LSZ using both noncovalent adsorption and covalent attachment via N-ethyl-N-(3-dimethylamino-propyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride-N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC-NHS) chemistry. The amount of attached lysozyme, dispersion stability, and antimicrobial activity was compared. In addition, the mechanical properties of LSZ-SWNT in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite films were investigated. Dispersions of covalently bound LSZ-SWNT had better dispersion stability. This was attributed to covalent functionalization enabling sustained SWNT dispersion at a lower LSZ/SWNT ratio. The covalently bound LSZ-SWNT also exhibited a lower initial rate of antibacterial response but were active over a longer time scale. Composite films made from LSZ-SWNT maintained similar activity as the corresponding dispersions. However, the noncovalent LSZ-SWNT films were stronger and more hydrolytically stable than those made from covalent LSZ-SWNT.
Abstract P5-05-09: Chemo-sensitization of triple negative breast cancer by targeting RNA-binding protein HuR

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a lower 5-year survival rate and higher recurrence rate compared to other types of breast cancer, which is partially due to the acquired resistance to current treatment regimens. The RNA-binding protein Hu antigen R (HuR) is overexpressed in breast cancer. Cytoplasmic HuR accumulation correlates with high-grade malignancy, poor distant disease-free survival and serves as a prognostic factor for poor clinical outcome in breast cancer. HuR promotes tumorigenesis by promoting mRNA stability and translation of proteins implicated in proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. HuR also modulates sensitivity of breast cancer cells to chemotherapy. HuR knockout in TNBC cells with high HuR sensitizes them to chemotherapy while HuR overexpression induces chemo-resistance. Meanwhile, chemotherapy promotes cytoplasmic HuR accumulation and increases expression of HuR target encoding proteins in TNBC cells. Therefore, there is a positive feedback loop between HuR and chemo-resistance. These findings suggest that HuR plays a critical role in promoting a drug-resistance mechanism and HuR is a potential target for developing a novel therapy to overcome chemo-resistance in TNBC. RNA-binding proteins such as HuR had previously been considered to be “undruggable” due to the lack of a well-defined binding pocket for target RNAs. Nevertheless, using high throughput screening followed by structure-based rational design and lead optimization, we have identified small molecules that potently inhibit HuR-mRNA interaction with nM to sub-µM potency. Our top HuR inhibitor, KH-3, inhibits TNBC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. KH-3 also sensitizes TNBC cells to docetaxel and doxorubicin treatment in vitro. Furthermore, acquired docetaxel-resistant MDA-MB-231 cells and doxorubicin-resistant MDA-MB-231 cells display similar sensitivity to KH-3 to their parental cells. In the study of mechanism of action, several HuR direct targets are found to be involved in acquired docetaxel and doxorubicin resistance. KH-3 can disrupt the interaction of HuR with those target mRNAs. In animal efficacy studies, the combination of KH-3 and chemotherapy shows synergistic effect in both parental and acquired resistant cell xenograft models. Our data provide a proof-of-principle that HuR inhibition by KH-3 may be developed as a promising molecular therapy to overcome chemo-resistance of TNBC with high HuR. Citation Format: Xiaoqing Wu, Lanjing Wei, Gulhumay Gardashova, Cuncong Zhong, Lan Lan, Qi Zhang, Dan A Dixon, Danny R Welch, Jeffrey Aube, Liang Xu. Chemo-sensitization of triple negative breast cancer by targeting RNA-binding protein HuR [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-05-09.
Magnetic resonance imaging-guided prostate biopsy—A review of literature

Abstract Objective Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) helps to identify lesion of prostate with reasonable accuracy. We aim to describe the various uses of MP-MRI for prostate biopsy comparing different techniques of MP-MRI guided biopsy. Materials and methods A literature search was performed for “multiparametric MRI”, “MRI fusion biopsy”, “MRI guided biopsy”, “prostate biopsy”, “MRI cognitive biopsy”, “MRI fusion biopsy systems”, “prostate biopsy” and “cost analysis”. The search operation was performed using the operator “OR” and “AND” with the above key words. All relevant systematic reviews, original articles, case series, and case reports were selected for this review. Results The sensitivity of MRI targeted biopsy (MRI-TB) is between 91%–93%, and the specificity is between 36%–41% in various studies. It also has a high negative predictive value (NPV) of 89%–92% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 51%–52%. The yield of MRI fusion biopsy (MRI-FB) is similar, if not superior to MR cognitive biopsy. In-bore MRI-TB had better detection rates compared to MR cognitive biopsy, but were similar to MR fusion biopsy. Conclusions The use of MRI guidance in prostate biopsy is inevitable, subject to availability, cost, and experience. Any one of the three modalities (i.e. MRI cognitive, MRI fusion and MRI in-bore approach) can be used. MRI-FB has a fine balance with regards to accuracy, practicality and affordability.
Lower extremity lymphatic function predicted by body mass index: a lymphoscintigraphic study of obesity and lipedema

Patients with obesity and lipedema commonly are misdiagnosed as having lymphedema. The conditions share phenotypic overlap and can influence each other. The purpose of this study was to delineate obesity-induced lymphedema, obesity without lymphedema, and lipedema in order to improve their diagnosis and treatment. Our Lymphedema Center database of 700 patients was searched for patients with obesity-induced lymphedema (OIL), obesity without lymphedema (OWL), and lipedema. Patient age, sex, diagnosis, cellulitis history, body mass index (BMI), and treatment were recorded. Only subjects with lymphoscintigraphic documentation of their lymphatic function were included. Ninety-eight patients met inclusion criteria. Subjects with abnormal lymphatic function (n = 46) had a greater BMI (65 ± 12) and cellulitis history (n = 30, 65%) compared to individuals with normal lymphatic function [(BMI 42 ± 10); (cellulitis n = 8, 15%)] (p 40 are first managed with weight loss. Excisional procedures can further reduce extremity size once BMI has been lowered.