cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-term Live Test and the Engineering Operation of the UHV MOA

The successful development of the 1 000 kV AC ultra high voltage porcelain-housed metal oxide surge arrester(UHV MOA) is one of the most important achievements in arrester area.Before the completion of the China UHV AC demonstration project,UHV MOA has not been used for long-term live operation at home and abroad.The requirements of performance,the test methods,as well as the operation parameters of the UHV MOA are different from the 750 kV and below MOA's,for its 4-columns parallel structure and the height of over 10 meters.The long-term live test is an important test,which verifies whether the MOA design meet all the requirements in specifications.This paper details the long-term live test and the engineering operation of the UHV MOA in UHV AC demonstration project,raised some problems and put forward some reasonable suggestions.
Transient implicit wave propagation dynamics with the method of finite spheres

The method of finite spheres enriched for transient wave propagation problems.Implicit time integration, the Bathe method.Monotonic convergence of calculated solutions with smaller time step sizes.Dispersion analysis of solution schemes.Numerical solutions to demonstrate the important attributes of the solution schemes. In the paper by Ham et al. (2014), the method of finite spheres enriched for transient wave propagation problems was used and a monotonic convergence of the calculated solutions with decreasing time step size was seen. This is an important property for practical analyses and different from what is seen in traditional finite element solutions. In this paper we explicitly show and study this characteristic through a dispersion analysis of the solutions calculated by the method of finite spheres using an implicit time integration method, the Bathe method. Another important property identified is that in uniform spatial discretizations for the problems solved, the calculated solution accuracy is almost independent of the solution direction considered. Numerical solutions of some wave propagation problems are given to demonstrate these attributes and show that with the schemes discussed very accurate response predictions can be obtained.
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and Interleukin-2 for Treatment of Superficial Bladder Cancer

AbstractA total of 22 patients with bladder cancer received bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and interleukin-2. Significant bladder tumor remissions were noted in 15 of 17 patients (88%). Of 5 patients with carcinoma in situ 1 was noncompliant and he died of carcinoma in situ. The other 4 patients are in remission. BCG alone was instilled in 22 additional patients with superficial bladder cancer. The remission rates were encouraging. Of the 22 patients 13 (59%) had remission of the bladder tumor.A half dose of BCG (60mg.) is adequate when given weekly for 6 weeks. Maintenance therapy is important as noted in both of our clinical arms. BCG and interleukin-2 therapy results in a higher remission rate.
Tangible Augmented Reality and Engineering Product Dissection

Function-based design in engineering is an abstract approach to model the design space and to explore different design solutions. However, research results indicate that engineers and designers struggle to create function diagrams, especially when performing certain tasks such as product dissection. Augmented reality along with tangible objects can blend design aspect models such as the shape and topology in one AR presentation of the product and allow one to gain a better understanding of a product’s functionality. We designed an AR application prototype that superimposes shape, functional groups, and component names onto a project of interest, which facilitates function diagram development and the understanding of the product’s functionality.
Topology optimization of multi-material negative Poissons ratio metamaterials using a reconciled level set method

Metamaterials are defined as a family of rationally designed artificial materials which can provide extraordinary effective properties compared with their nature counterparts. This paper proposes a level set based method for topology optimization of both single and multiple-material Negative Poissons Ratio (NPR) metamaterials. For multi-material topology optimization, the conventional level set method is advanced with a new approach exploiting the reconciled level set (RLS) method. The proposed method simplifies the multi-material topology optimization by evolving each individual material with a single level set function and reconciling the result level set field with the MerrimanBenceOsher (MBO) operator. The NPR metamaterial design problem is recast as a variational problem, where the effective elastic properties of the spatially periodic microstructure are formulated as the strain energy functionals under uniform displacement boundary conditions. The adjoint variable method is utilized to derive the shape sensitivities by combining the general linear elastic equation with a weak imposition of Dirichlet boundary conditions. The design velocity field is constructed using the steepest descent method and integrated with the level set method. Both single and multiple-material mechanical metamaterials are achieved in 2D and 3D with different Poissons ratios and volumes. Benchmark designs are fabricated with multi-material 3D printing at high resolution. The effective auxetic properties of the achieved designs are verified through finite element simulations and characterized using experimental tests as well. A multi-material topology optimization approach exploiting the reconciled level-set method.The boundary of each individual material is evolved with a single level set function.Multiple level set functions are reconciled with the MerrimanBenceOsher (MBO) operator.Both 2D and 3D multi-material designs were obtained and used for validate the proposed method.
Prognostic Relevance of Monocytopenia and Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio in Primary Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Abstract Background We have previously shown an independent adverse prognostic effect of lymphopenia (absolute lymphocyte count Methods We retrospectively recruited 889 consecutive patients with primary MDS who were untreated at the time of referral to our institution and in whom absolute monocyte count (AMC) and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) at time of referral were documented. The diagnosis of MDS and leukemic transformation (LT) was made according to WHO criteria (Blood. 2009;114:937). Complete follow-up information was updated in January 2015. For the purposes of the current study, monocytopenia was defined as AMC below the lower limit of the institutional normal range, which was 0.3 to 0.9 x 10(9)/L. Comparisons of survival and other clinical parameters were performed between i) patients with and without monocytopenia and ii) patients with and without LMR ≥5. Conventional methods were used for statistical analysis. Results Patient characteristics: Median (range) values for the 889 study patients (69% males) included: age 72 (18-98), hemoglobin 9.6 g/dL (5.4-15.7), leukocyte count 3.4 x 10(9)/L (0.4-35), platelet count 106 x 10(9)/L (2-1804), circulating blasts 0% (0-18), bone marrow blasts 3% (0-19) and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) 1.2 x 10(9)/L (.02-8.9). Transfusion need was documented in 33% of patients and abnormal cytogenetics in 49%. Risk stratification by the revised international prognostic scoring system (IPSS-R) was very high in 11%, high in 16%, intermediate in 21%, low in 36% and very low in 16%. The median (range) AMC for the entire study population of 889 patients was 0.22 x 10(9)/L (0.0-1.8).The number of patients with subnormal AMC was 539 (61%). After a median follow-up of 27 months, 712 (80%) deaths and 116 (13%) leukemic transformations were documented. Comparison of patients stratified by absolute monocyte count and LMR Compared to patients with AMC >0.3 x 10(9)/L, MDS patients with monocytopenia displayed younger age (p In univariate analysis, lower AMC was associated with inferior survival (p=0.002); significance was even more apparent when comparing patients with and without monocytopenia (p=0.0003; HR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.5). Similarly, there was significant association between LMR and survival (p Conclusions Monocytopenia in MDS clusters with adverse disease features and both monocytopenia and higher LMR were associated with poor survival. Despite the display of prognostic independence from each other and other risk factors considered individually, the survival impact of neither monocytopenia nor LMR was found to be independent of IPSS-R. Disclosures Al-Kali: Novartis: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding.
Core curriculum case illustration: olecranon fracture

This is the 31st installment of a series that will highlight one case per publication issue from the bank of cases available online as part of the American Society of Emergency Radiology (ASER) educational resources. Our goal is to generate more interest in and use of our online materials. To view more cases online please visit the ASER Core Curriculum and Recommendations for Study online at: http://www.erad.org/page/CCIP_TOC .
Reading between the Plot: Roberto Schwarz’s Elusive Reading of Brás Cubas

This article examines the question of narrative form in Bras Cubas by examining a little-developed theme in Roberto Schwarz’s A Master on the Periphery of Capitalism: Machado de Assis. In particular, the article considers intermediary chapters – the majority of them errata and commentary on previous scenes – that are formally necessary for Schwarz’s notion of Machado’s capricious narrator, yet minimalized by his historical and critical operation. This article argues that these in-between sections are not only formally constitutive of the novel’s mimetic intention, but in themselves display Bras Cubas as a neurotic character. Bras Cubas, Roberto Schwarz, Narrative Form, Plot Este artigo analisa a questao da forma narrativa em Bras Cubas atraves da leitura de um tema pouco desenvolvido no livro Um mestre na periferia do capitalismo: Machado de Assis de Roberto Schwarz. Em particular, o artigo considera os capitulos intermediarios do romance – a maioria deles erratas e comentarios sobre cenas anteriores –, que sao formalmente necessarios para o conceito de narrador caprichoso machadiano de Schwarz, embora sejam minimizados por sua operacao critica e historica. Este artigo le estas secoes intermediarias nao somente como requisitos formais da intencao mimetica do romance, mas como em si reveladores da personalidade neurotica de Bras Cubas. Bras Cubas, Roberto Schwarz, forma narrativa, Peter Brooks, Enredo
Geriatric palliative care: Meeting the needs of a growing population

Abstract The implementation of effective geriatric palliative care (PC) services will be increasingly important as the number of patients ages ≥65 years continues to grow. However, literature characterizing the utilization of PC services by older adults remains scant. The objective of these analyses was to characterize the nature and outcomes of PC services for older adults. A retrospective analysis of records of inpatient PC consultations provided to patients ≥65 years at an academic hospital was performed (N = 743). Logistic regressions identified factors associated with goals of care discussions (GOC), end-of-life (EOL) coordination, and hospital readmission. Differences between older adult subgroups (i.e., 65–84 years and 85 years and older) were also examined. Discharge to home was associated with higher odds of readmission and discharge to hospice or having a GOC discussion was associated with lower odds of readmission. Those patients who were 85 years or older were significantly less likely to have cancer or to be referred for pain management, and more likely to be referred for GOC discussions and discharged to hospice. This study revealed dynamic factors associated with PC consultation for older adults. GOC discussions in initial PC consultations for older patients might reduce the odds of hospital readmission. Additionally, the needs of patients ages 85 and older appear distinct from the traditional PC cancer model.
Ethical Theories and Moral Principles that Apply to the Migration Problem

Three prominent ethical theories will be used to guide the actions of policy makers who have to decide on the fate of those who are seeking asylum. The analysis is being done using the current situation of the migrants who are trying to find refuge in Europe. The massive number of migrants from countries at war who are arriving in European countries poses an unprecedented burdensome problem that is creating some ethical and moral dilemmas for European policy makers.
Building energy savings potential of a hybrid roofing system involving high albedo, moisture retaining foam materials

Abstract As the environmental, social, and economic issues associated with our energy-intensive urban systems become more pronounced, they continue to drive engineering research towards clean resources and energy efficiency. Since energy demand in buildings is a key contributor to the world's total energy consumption, energy efficiency in buildings is a vital component of future sustainability initiatives. As a result, a large body of research in the past couple of decades has been dedicated to novel rooftop technologies which help reduce the HVAC energy demand in buildings. In this study, an innovative rooftop solution is proposed and evaluated using computer simulations. This proposed roof technology simultaneously incorporates the positive features of common high albedo and vegetated green roofs. While acknowledging the technical and design challenges of this new technology, we conduct proof-of-concept computer simulations to investigate the relative performance of this proposed technology in comparison with green roofs and high albedo roofs. The results show the proposed roof technology can outperform the other two technologies in all U.S representative climates. In addition, the preliminary economic assessment suggests this technology can be viable and may have advantages over competing strategies.
The What, When, and Why of Facial Expressions: An Objective Analysis of Conversational Skills in Speed-Dating Videos

In this paper, we demonstrate the importance of combinations of facial expressions and their timing, in explaining a person's conversational skills in a series of brief non-romantic conversations. Video recordings of 365 four-minute conversations before and after a randomized intervention were analyzed in which facial action units (AUs) were examined over different time segments. Male subjects (N=47) were evaluated in their conversation skills using the Conversational Skills Rating Scale (CSRS). A linear regression model was used to compare the importance of AU features from different time segments in predicting CSRS ratings. In the first minute of conversation, CSRS ratings were best predicted by activity levels in action units associated with speaking (Lips part, AU25). In the last minute of conversation, affective indicators associated with expressions of laughter (Jaw Drop, AU26) and warmth (Happy faces) emerged as the most important. These findings suggest that feedback on nonverbal skills must dynamically account for shifting goals of conversation.
Rara Avis Vineyards: Has This Bird Flown?

Preston “Press” McLean (name disguised at his request) was a successful serial entrepreneur who created an investor group in 2006 to take over a troubled premium winery in Sonoma County. The business model introduced by McLean focused on enhancing the consumers’ experience and outsourced activities that did not directly contribute to the consumers’ experience. McLean’s reforms included rebranding the winery as Morning Star and refurbishing the physical infrastructure and tasting room. At the start of 2012, Morning Star had become highly successful, received positive reviews from the press, expanded its customer base, and ultimately became a popular destination for wine tourists. In January 2012, McLean partnered with an old friend, Michael Foucault, with the intention of diversifying his portfolio as well as replicating the business model that had been successful at Morning Star. They planned to acquire 100 percent of Rara Avis Vineyards, a premium winery in California’s Central Coast. Making the offer that would please both the buyer and the seller proved to be quite a challenging endeavor as McLean and Foucault reviewed the potential risks and rewards of acquiring Rara Avis Vineyards.
Synthesis of Triquinane Natural Products

Hirsutene (1124) is the simplest member of a group of fungal metabolites possessing the linearly fused cis,anti,cis-tricyclo[6.3.0.02,6]undecane carbon skeleton [503]. As a result of the antibiotic and antitumor properties shown by some of these triquinanes, synthetic chemists have strived to devise new annulation procedures for their construction. Several new syntheses of hirsutene itself have recently been reported where a wide range of different strategies to provide access to the tricyclopentanoid ring system are described.
Review of Neurobiological Influences on Externalizing and Internalizing Pathways to Alcohol Use Disorder

Two developmental courses through which alcohol use disorder (AUD) may emerge include externalizing and internalizing pathways. We review recent neuroimaging studies of potential neural risk factors for AUD and link findings to potential behavioral risk factors for AUD. There is evidence that early emerging weakness in prefrontal functioning and later-emerging differences in reward system functioning contribute to an externalizing risk pathway. Stress may be an important contributor in the internalizing pathway through a blunting of reward-related activation, which may act alone or in combination with heightened emotion-related reactivity. This review highlights areas for future work, including investigation of the relative balance between prefrontal and subcortical circuitry, attention to stages of AUD, and consideration of environmental factors such as stress and sleep. Particularly important is longitudinal work to understand the temporal ordering of associations among brain maturation, behavioral risk, and alcohol use.
Just Because We Can, Doesn’t Mean We Should: An Argument for Simplicity and Data Privacy With Name Authority Work in the Linked Data Environment

Neutrality is a core tenet of librarianship, although it is widely accepted that cataloging is not a neutral act. In 1876, Charles Ammi Cutter outlined the model for a library catalog. That model r...
Antimicrobial Activity of Ceftiofur and Penicillin With Gentamicin Against Escherichia coli and Streptococcus equi Subspecies zooepidemicus in an Ex Vivo Model of Equine Postpartum Uterine Disease

Abstract The use of antimicrobials for the management of equine uterine disease is commonplace, with antibiotic selection generally based on empirical evidence or in vitro sensitivity results. However, the potential disconnect between these laboratory results and clinical efficacy in the mare raises concern for antibiotic failure and subsequent development of resistant organisms. In this work, we attempt to bridge this gap by using an ex vivo model of the equine postpartum uterus to quantitatively evaluate the antimicrobial activity of two commonly used antibiotic treatments in the mare (ceftiofur and penicillin with gentamicin). The activity of both of these treatments was evaluated in two different fluid environments (standard bacterial culture broth and equine postpartum uterine fluid) against clinical isolates of E. coli and S. zooepidemicus. Although treatment with ceftiofur was effective at reducing growth of S. zooepidemicus in equine postpartum uterine fluid, it did not reduce bacterial growth of E. coli. Treatment with procaine penicillin G with gentamicin achieved at least bacteriostatic activity against E. coli in both fluid types, and bactericidal activity against S. zooepidemicus in both fluid types. The intrauterine infusion of procaine penicillin G with gentamicin in cases of postpartum uterine disease caused by E. coli or S. zooepidemicus is supported by the results of this work.
Archaeobotanical inference of intermittent settlement and agriculture at Middle Bronze Age Zahrat adh-Dhra'1, Jordan

Abstract Analysis of botanical evidence excavated from Zahrat adh-Dhra'1, Jordan elucidates intermittent settlement and agriculture on the geographical and social margins of Middle Bronze Age society in the Southern Levant. Zahrat adh-Dhra'1, lying just east of the Dead Sea, provides data from multiple discontinuous phases of occupation, particularly in comparison to evidence from the continuously occupied Middle Bronze Age village of Tell el-Hayyat in the agricultural heartland of the Jordan Valley. We focus our analysis on taxonomic frequencies and ubiquities for carbonized seeds recovered from 88 flotation samples from Zahrat adh-Dhra'1 and 152 samples from Tell el-Hayyat. Both settlements emphasized cereal cultivation, with a greater accompanying proliferation of wild and weedy taxa on the anthropogenic landscape around Tell el-Hayyat. In contrast, lower taxonomic ubiquities, many of which decline through time, reflect less consistent seed deposition and agricultural practices in accordance with episodic habitation at Zahrat adh-Dhra'1 on the more sparsely settled and impacted hinterland of the Dead Sea Plain. In concert, a suite of evidence, including dispersed architecture, Bayesian modeling of calibrated Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) ages and comparative analysis of archaeobotanical evidence, illuminates Zahrat adh-Dhra'1 as an unprecedented example of discontinuous agrarian settlement on the fringes of Levantine Middle Bronze Age urbanized society.
After the Earth Summit: The Need to Integrate Environmental Ethics into Environmental Science and Law

The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development ("UNCED") generally known as the Earth Summit, held in June, 1992, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was the largest and most ambitious international conference ever. One-hundred-ten heads of state assembled at the Earth Summit, more than any previous international conference. Although many have expressed great disappointment that more was not accomplished, 172 governments agreed to take some action to ensure the sustainable development of the planet.
Introduction to special issue “Understanding Cognition and Decision Making by Children.” Studying decision-making in children: Challenges and opportunities

Abstract Decision-making in children and adolescents is receiving increasing attention among economists. Studies shed light on opportunities for economists to understand the developmental causes of anomalous behavior in adults and to propose interventions at a young age capable of improving adult outcomes. Nevertheless, the study of children brings also new challenges that require methodological adjustments. Indeed, children are not little adults. They have their own ways of accounting for information, their own motivations, and their own limitations. These are critically linked to brain development and cognitive development, which operate in concert and shape behavior. These differences with respect to adult populations impose constraints on experimental designs. This special issue provides several examples of paradigms in which children behave differently from adults. All these studies share the need to account for age-related factors in the design of protocols. In this introduction, we discuss the pitfalls, challenges and opportunities associated with experiments in children and adolescents.
Do Words Matter: Predicting IPO Performance from Prospectus Sentiment

Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) are an important aspect of an investor's portfolio. Due to the incredible amount of risk and uncertainty surrounding them, IPOs make a good investment for investors who are looking for high-risk, high-reward stocks. Investors have typically used news articles or expert networks to gauge IPO performance. These methods have yielded very inconsistent results and thus have left much to be desired. We attempt to alleviate the risk that an investor faces by introducing a framework for using sentiment analysis to forecast the first 3, 5, 10, 20, and 30 days price movement of an IPO. We illustrate that a model trained on an IPO prospectus's (Form S-1) sentiment can predict whether an IPO's stock price would increase or decrease from opening day. The prospectus is a formal document filed to the SEC that details the investment offering to the public as well as provides an important inside look into the IPO. Our research shows that a model trained on the sentiment of the prospectus can predict IPO price movement up to 9.6% higher than chance.
Three-dimensional time-optimal path planning in the ocean

Abstract Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) operate in the three-dimensional and time-dependent marine environment with strong and dynamic currents. Our goal is to predict the time history of the optimal three-dimensional headings of these vehicles such that they reach the given destination location in the least amount of time, starting from a known initial position. We employ the exact differential equations for time-optimal path planning and develop theory and numerical schemes to accurately predict three-dimensional optimal paths for several classes of marine vehicles, respecting their specific propulsion constraints. We further show that the three-dimensional path planning problem can be reduced to a two-dimensional one if the motion of the vehicle is partially known, e.g. if the vertical component of the motion is forced. This reduces the computational cost. We then apply the developed theory in three-dimensional analytically known flow fields to verify the schemes, benchmark the accuracy, and demonstrate capabilities. Finally, we showcase time-optimal path planning in realistic data-assimilative ocean simulations for the Middle Atlantic Bight region, integrating the primitive-equation of the Multidisciplinary Simulation Estimation and Assimilation System (MSEAS) with the three-dimensional path planning equations for three common marine vehicles, namely propelled AUVs (with unrestricted motion), floats (that only propel vertically), and gliders (that often perform sinusoidal yo-yo motions in vertical planes). These results highlight the effects of dynamic three-dimensional multiscale ocean currents on the optimal paths, including the Gulf Stream, shelfbreak front jet, upper-layer jets, eddies, and wind-driven and tidal currents. They also showcase the need to utilize data-assimilative ocean forecasts for planning efficient autonomous missions, from optimal deployment and pick-up, to monitoring and adaptive data collection.
Pre-operative patella alta does not affect midterm clinical outcomes and survivorship of patellofemoral arthroplasty.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative patella alta on clinical outcomes, survivorship, and complication and reoperation rates on patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA). All patients who underwent PFA for isolated patellofemoral arthritis by a single surgeon at our institution were identified. Preoperative radiographs were measured by two independent observers for patellar height using the Caton Deschamps (CD), Insall-Salvati (IS), and Blackburne-Peele (BP) methods. Patients were classified as either “patella alta” or “non-patella alta” for all three measurement methods. Clinical scores including KSS Pain, KSS Function, and Tegner Activity Scores were collected pre- and post-operatively. Failure was defined as conversion to total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Clinical outcomes and survivorship were compared between patients with “patella alta” and “non-patella alta” height measurements. There were 119 patients with 153 knees (86% female) included in the study with a mean age of 55.8 years. Outcome scores improved from pre-operative to post-operative for both patella alta and non-patella alta patients for Tegner, KSS pain and KSS function scores. The mean change in Tegner scores for patella alta and non-patella alta patients were not significantly different for CD (p = 0.24), IS (p = 0.25) or BP measurements (p = 0.39). The mean change in KSS pain scores between groups were not significantly different for CD (p = 0.33) or IS measurements (p = 0.22), but was improved more significantly in patella alta patients vs non-patella alta patients (21.2 and 14.4; p = 0.02) for BP measurement. The mean change in KSS function scores between groups was not significantly different for CD (p = 0.61) IS (p = 0.90) or BP measurements (p = 0.79). The overall survivorship from conversion to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was 94.1% at a mean follow-up time of 5.0 (SD 2.6) years. There were no significant differences in survivorship from TKA between patella alta and non-patella alta groups (CD: p = 0.72, IS: p = 0.63, BP: p = 0.66). This study suggests that there are no significant differences in clinical outcome scores or survivorship from TKA between patella alta and non-patella alta patients who underwent onlay design PFA. Both patella alta and non-patella alta patients demonstrated excellent improvement in outcome scores from pre-operative to post-operative. IV.
Understanding Muslim College Students’ Sense of Belonging and Mattering at HBCUs

With a sample of 160 Muslim college students attending 34 historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs), ordinary-least-squares regression analyses were conducted to examine students’ sense ...
Using big data to gauge effectiveness of breast cancer awareness month.

Abstract Breast Cancer Awareness Month (BCAM) has been used for decades to increase awareness and screening for breast cancer, but its geographic reach and effectiveness is difficult to judge. Using Internet Search Interest (ISI) could allow for better evaluation of BCAM effects. Using Google Trends, we evaluated the ISI for “breast cancer” and “mammogram” for each state and metropolitan area from 2006 to 2019. The ISI represents population level Google internet searches relative to the highest number of searches for the United States over a given period, with a max number of 100. The ISI for each term in October (BCAM) was compared against all other months during this period, across states and across major metropolitan regions. ISI was 2.34 times higher (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 2.10–2.61, P
Marx on Distributive Justice: From Each According to His Ability, to Each According to His Needs

This article examines Karl Marx’s distributive justice principle “From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs,” contained in the Critique of the Gotha Program (1875). It argues that Marx advocates for “unequal equality,” since the end result of his principle is unequal contribution (due to the contributors’ different abilities) and unequal distribution (due to recipients’ different needs); that Marx’s principle avoids many pitfalls of contemporary desert theories; that while Marx is critical of formal, abstract right (Recht), he maintains that right will be enhanced in the future communist society; that Marx’s attitude toward work is contradictory, since for him work is both “life’s prime want” and a hindrance to the intellectual and social flourishing possible only in leisure time; that the widespread interpretation of the communist society as one of abundance where all needs can be satisfied has scant textual basis; and that Marx’s principle continues to inspire theories of distributive justice and efforts to expand welfare and social services, and endeavors to establish a classless, cooperative society.
Chemical Interpretation of Charged Point Defects in Semiconductors: A Case Study of Mg2Si

The number of excess charge carriers generated by a point defect, defined by the "charge state" of a defect, is oftentimes an important quantity used to engineer the electronic properties of semiconductors. Here, we develop a molecular orbital theory-based framework for interpreting the charge state(s) of a point defect, which is based on local chemical interactions between the defect and the atoms surrounding the defect site. We demonstrate how the framework can be applied to native defects in Mg2Si, such as interstitials, vacancies, and antisite defects, by utilizing symmetry principles and Density Functional Theory calculations. We anticipate that such an interpretive framework will guide efforts to engineer electronic and optical properties of semiconductors through manipulation of intrinsic and extrinsic defects.
Mental Health In The Classroom

Location: JC Room E As teachers, we have all had the experience of working with students who are not engaged, not submitting work, and maybe not even coming to class. In some instances, these behaviors are rooted in a mental health concern, and we don't always know how to respond to these challenges in the context of the classroom or in the relationship dynamic of student and teacher. This session will explore this topic by providing background information on suicide prevention and non-suicidal self-injury, so we have a better idea of what to look for in the classroom and how to respond. We will spend time role playing possible conversations to imagine what we might say in a range of circumstances. Additionally, we will explore the complex topic of stigma to better understand our own biases and to consider the ways in which someone with a mental health concern may experience things in ways that may be particularly challenging that those of us who don't struggle in this area may not fully appreciate. Finally, we will spend some time thinking about our own self-care strategies as faculty members and will consider the ways in which we model, fail to model, or could better model self-care in the classroom for our students.
Electron-Cluster Interactions

The collision of an electron with a cluster can be classified into one of three categories based on the outcome of the event: (1) scattering, (2) secondary electron ejection, and (3) attachment. Of particular emphasis in this overview are the last two categories. Current understanding of these processes is discussed and recent work undertaken to improve that understanding is surveyed.
Selections of Pupils for Training

(1943). Selections of Pupils for Training. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 14, No. 6, pp. 319-344.
Post-translational changes in tertiary and quaternary structure of the insulin proreceptor. Correlation with acquisition of function.

Abstract Tertiary and quaternary structural changes that occur during post-translational processing of the insulin proreceptor were examined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In pulse-chase experiments with [35S]methionine, labeled insulin receptor species, isolated by immuno- and insulin-affinity adsorption, were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under conditions where intra- and intermolecular disulfide bonds remained intact or were cleaved by reduction. Reducing SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirmed that the insulin receptor is synthesized as a long-lived (t1/2 = 3 h) proreceptor precursor of 210 kDa which undergoes proteolytic cleavage and carbohydrate maturation to form the alpha- and beta-subunits of the mature receptor. The proreceptor acquires insulin binding activity through a subtle structural change (t1/2 = 45 min) detected only by an autoimmune antibody specific for an epitope of the active insulin binding site. Analysis of insulin receptor species by nonreducing SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the proreceptor undergoes two additional structural changes not detected by reducing SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The proreceptor is synthesized as a monomer (M1) with an apparent molecular mass of 170 kDa that is converted by disulfide rearrangement to another monomeric form of 190-kDa apparent molecular mass (M2). N-Linked glycosylation is required for this transition, since aglycoproreceptor, synthesized in the presence of tunicamycin, does not undergo any detectable tertiary or quaternary structural changes. M2 self-associates to form a disulfide-linked proreceptor dimer (D) which is subsequently proteolytically processed, forming the mature, disulfide-linked alpha 2 beta 2 receptor tetramer. The mature receptor was distinguished from the three proreceptor species (M1, M2, and D) by its cell surface location and its ability to bind tightly to wheat germ agglutinin-agarose, indicating the presence of complex oligosaccharide chains. Subcellular fractionation indicated that both the M1 to M2 and M2 to D conversions occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. Separation of the nonreduced proreceptor species into "active" and "inactive" forms by affinity chromatography on insulin-agarose revealed that neither the transition of M1 to M2, nor of M2 to D, is correlated with the acquisition of insulin binding function. Rather, during its life-time, the M2 species acquires insulin binding activity and an epitope recognized by a binding site specific autoimmune antibody through a subtle structural change not detected by reducing or nonreducing SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Leptin Does Not Mediate Hypertension Associated With Human Obesity

Hypertension and obesity are known to be linked, with recent studies in mice proposing that leptin may be mediating this effect. This regulation, however, may not extend to humans, where a yet-to-be-identified factor is likely the underlying cause of hypertension.
Rapid Methods For Multiply Determining Potent Xenobiotics Based On The Optoelectronic Imaging

Some predictions concerning the technological expansion for the opto- electronic imaging systems for the screening potent xenobiotics are made based on the analysis of the state-of-the-art "multivariate" array technology. Emphasis is placed on the multiparameter aspect of such systems performance, in particular, the additional value of the scattered light under surface plasmon resonance condi- tions when forming chemical images for composite multicomponent media using the multisensor arrays.
In-depth soft error vulnerability analysis using synthetic benchmarks

Statistical fault injection is widely used for analyzing hardware in the presence of soft errors. Although this method can give accurate results for averaged erroneous outcomes with a fairly small sample size, it will not be accurate for vulnerability analysis of each sequential element in the design with small sample sizes. This paper describes a novel and highly efficient technique which is suitable for detailed vulnerability analysis of a processor. The technique involves specific sets of assembly language routines, and is shown to be much more efficient and comprehensive compared with traditional statistical error injection on a predetermined set of benchmarks. We have shown the effectiveness of the method using error injection in an ARM Amber25 processor model. Our analysis is based on more than 330,000 simulation runs with single bit-flips on the sequential elements of this processor running our synthetic benchmarks and 40,000 FPGA-based error injections for 4 conventional benchmarks.
Circulatory and metabolic effects of anemia in hyperinsulinemic ovine fetuses

Infants born to women with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus have an increased incidence of perinatal asphyxia, cardiovascular abnormalities, elevated catecholamines, and sudden fetal death. Although hyperinsulinemic fetuses of diabetic women often exhibit polycythemia, they may also develop anemia because of pregnancy- and/or delivery-related complications. Experimental fetal hyperinsulinemia results in cardiovascular changes and a surge in catecholamines. We hypothesized that reductions in fetal O2 availability via anemic hypoxia limits O2 transport and compromises the hemodynamically and metabolically stressed but compensated hyperinsulinemic fetus. Chronically catheterized fetuses receiving insulin (n = 9) or placebo (n = 5) for 48 h were rendered anemic by an isovolemic exchange transfusion. In the hyperinsulinemic state, anemic-hypoxia augmented the insulin-mediated surge in norepinephrine concentration and increases in blood flow to brain, heart, and adrenal glands. Insulin-related increase in the combined ventricular output was sustained during anemia. O2 delivery to the fetus decreased, extraction increased, and O2 uptake did not change. Regional O2 delivery to the brain, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, muscle, fat, pancreas, spleen, and carcass decreased. Hyperinsulinemic ovine fetus exposed to anemic hypoxia demonstrated an accentuated surge in norepinephrine, a sustained increase in the combined ventricular output, preservation of systemic O2 uptake, and compromised regional O2 delivery to certain vascular regions. We conclude that the hyperinsulinemic fetus was able to compensate for anemic hypoxia by increased or sustained regional vascular perfusion.
How Do They Do It? Crony Capitalists and Democracy Avoidance in the Middle East

The New Authoritarianism in the Middle East and North Africa. By Stephen J. King Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009. 279 pp., $24.95 paperback (ISBN-13: 978-0-253-22146-9). Experts of the Middle East and North Africa know that Arab countries have experienced game-changing political transformations, just not very democratic ones. A generation of complex economic and institutional reforms reorganized power in many Arab states. Apart from solidifying autocracies, these reorganizations produced new kinds of illiberal politics for scholars to sort and describe. Recent labels for Middle Eastern dictatorships invigorated by some form of democratic tension or subterfuge include “stalled democracy” (Bellin 2002), “repositioned authoritarianism” (Owen 2001), “upgraded authoritarianism” (Heydemann 2007), and now, Stephen J. King's simpler (and thus more appealing) “new authoritarianism.” King's book adds to the growing literature on how Middle East rulers stay in power despite pressures to democratize. King's earlier and well-regarded study of authoritarian stability in a small Tunisian community used a wealth of field research and primary sources to show how economic liberalization increased authoritarian control, despite the expectations of neoliberal economic theory (King 2003). His latest book, based on secondary sources, expands this provocative thesis across four Arab cases: Egypt, Syria, Algeria, and Tunisia. Each state pushed market-oriented reforms and experienced political openings in recent decades that only seemed to result in less, not more, democracy. Politics in each state also has been long dominated by a single party, imparting an additional legacy and resources that King believes have vitally complemented economic privatization to ensure rulers’ continued hold on society. His study seeks to build upon the political development literature that considers single-party (as distinct from military or personalist) regimes to be the most stable form …
A Comparative Perspective of Risk Management in the United States and Japan

A comparative analysis of risk management approaches in the United States and Japan is presented. Generally speaking, risk management institutions and authorities in both countries confront similar difficulties in each aspect of risk management, from identification to regulation and resolution. However, there are important differences between the two countries in the approaches and the sources utilized to manage risks. The Japanese tendency to use administrative guidance, informal persuation, and education in its governance activities contrasts sharply with the more open and adversarial policy-making process in the United States. These general characteristics of governance carry squarely over into each country's characteristic risk management processes.
Implant-Specific Patient Identification Cards

When planning for a revision arthroplasty, one of the most important parts of preoperative planning is determining what components are currently in place. This information is crucial. The previous operative report is not always available, and when it is, it does not always contain the appropriate information concerning components. This problem can easily be prevented by providing every patient who has an arthroplasty with an implant-specific patient identification card at the time of surgery as described in this article.
The conductivity of a medium interrupted by voids

On calcule la conductivite d'un milieu en forme de parallelepipede (ou rectangle) perce par une repartition de trous et cadre par des surfaces de conductivite infini ou nul. On emploie un modele stochastique ou on associe une variable aleatoire au processus physique. Les resultats obtenus sont compares avec les theories de Maxwell, Rayleigh, Wiener et Hashin-Shtrikman.
Isolation and identification of spoilage microorganisms using food-based media combined with rDNA sequencing: ranch dressing as a model food.

Abstract Investigating microbial spoilage of food is hampered by the lack of suitable growth media and protocols to characterize the causative agents. Microbial spoilage of salad dressing is sporadic and relatively unpredictable, thus processors struggle to develop strategies to minimize or prevent spoilage of this product. The objectives of this study were to (i) induce and characterize spoilage events in ranch-style dressing as a model food, and (ii) isolate and identify the causative microorganisms using traditional and food-based media, coupled with rDNA sequence analysis. Ranch dressing (pH 4.4) was prepared and stored at 25 °C for 14 d and microbial populations were recovered on MRS agar and ranch dressing agar (RDA), a newly formulated food-based medium. When isolates suspected as the spoilage agents were inoculated into ranch dressing and held at 25 °C for 9–10 d, three unique spoilage events were characterized. Using rDNA sequence comparisons, spoilage organisms were identified as Lactobacillus brevis, Pediococcus acidilactici, and Torulaspora delbrueckii. P. acidilactici produced flat-sour spoilage, whereas Lb. brevis resulted in product acidification and moderate gas production. The RDA medium allowed for optimum recovery of the excessive gas-producing spoilage yeast, T. delbrueckii. The isolation and identification strategy utilized in this work should assist in the characterization of spoilage organisms in other food systems.
Prolonged exercise decreases serum leptin concentrations

Serum leptin and free fatty acid concentrations were determined in two groups of subjects undergoing strenuous exercise: 12 men who fasted overnight and then pedaled a stationary ergometer for 2 hours, and 14 nonfasting ultramarathon runners. Blood samples were collected before exercise, immediately after cessation of exercise, and 6 to 24 hours after the end of the exercise period. Two hours of strenuous pedaling following an overnight fast significantly reduced mean leptin levels by 8.3%; free fatty acids were highly increased and correlated well with the decrease in serum leptin (r = .737, P = .01). After 6 hours of rest and refeeding, leptin concentrations recovered to preexercise levels and free fatty acid concentrations were decreased to less than preexercise levels. A similar decrease in serum leptin levels (12.3%) occurred in subjects who fasted overnight and then for a period corresponding to the cycle exercise period. The prolonged exercise of an ultramarathon significantly reduced leptin concentrations by 32% in comparison to prerace levels; free fatty acid concentrations were highly increased, but did not correlate with the change in serum leptin concentrations (r = .366, P = .20). Leptin and free fatty acid concentrations all trended toward prerace levels in blood samples collected 18 to 24 hours after cessation of racing. The results suggest that the negative energy balance of exercise can reduce serum leptin concentrations, but that the significant decrease occurs only at extremes of severity/duration of the exercise-induced negative balance. The possible physiological role of reduced leptin concentrations in response to energy balance and the role of free fatty acids in mediating the response are discussed.