cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Curing Melancholia in Sixteenth-Century Medical Consilia Between Theory and Practice

In this essay I analyze the development of the genre of the consilium at the end of the sixteenth century based on recent scholarship regarding the genres of early modern medical consilia and observationes. It is my conviction that for some late sixteenth-century physicians the consiliumn was becoming a hybrid genre in which elements of the already existing observatio were inserted into the structure of the consilium. To prove this point, I will consider the consilia of three physicians--Giambattista Da Monte, Girolamo Capivacci and Cristoforo Guarinoni--and a speciic illness, melancholy. I intend to show that while the diagnosis of symptoms, signs and causes of melancholy did not change for them, the attitude of these physicians toward the patient altered in the direction of a larger interest in the individual.
Relationships between synoptic-scale atmospheric circulation and glacier mass balance in south-western Canada during the international hydrological decade, 1965-74

The relationship between synoptic-scale atmospheric circulation and glacier mass balance in the Cordillera of south-western Canada is investigated. Objective synoptic typing techniques are applied to glaciometeorological data from Peyto Glacier, Alberta, and Sentinel Glacier, British Columbia, and to climatological data from nearby weather stations. Two scales of 500 mbar synoptic weather maps are analyzed and compared. One is smaller with high-wavenumber patterns, the other is larger with more general patterns. The results demonstrate that the mass balance of Peyto and Sentinel Glaciers are related to the 500 mbar patterns. Synoptic types with cyclonic curvature favor glacier accumulation, while anticyclonic types inhibit build-up of the regional snow-pack. Ablation is suppressed by synoptic types associated with cloudy days and/or low temperatures, and is enhanced by types associated with warm, sunny days. Furthermore, findings suggest that both the accumulation and ablation of Sentinel Glacier are controlled by small-scale, high-wavenumber synoptic patterns. Conversely, Peyto Glacier accumulation is more closely associated with large-scale patterns, suggesting that high-frequency mid-tropospheric oscillations embedded within the slow-moving baroclinic zones associated with long-wave disturbances may be dampened by the rough topography of the Canadian Cordillera. Ablation is predicted poorly by both scales at Peyto.
Juvenile Hormone and the endocrine regulation of wing polymorphism in insects: new insights from circadian and functional‐genomic studies in Gryllus crickets

For decades, Juvenile Hormone (JH) has been a major focus of studies investigating the endocrine regulation of wing-polymorphism. The most general model postulates a single threshold, above which JH causes the expression of traits that define the short-winged morph (SW), and below which JH causes the expression of traits that define the long-winged morph (LW). Early studies in aphids and crickets reported ambiguous results as a result of the small size of aphids or the very low JH titre in nymphal crickets. Detailed studies in wing morphs of adult Gryllus firmus Scudder uncovered an unexpected and novel morph-specific JH titre circadian cycle (cycling in LW but not in SW) in both the laboratory and field. This finding clearly contradicts the classic model. Morph-specific daily rhythms in global gene expression are strongly associated with (and are possibly caused by) the morph-specific JH titre rhythm. Daily rhythms for hormonal traits and gene expression, which are largely ignored in studies of life-history evolution, may be common and play an important role in adaptation. Juvenile Hormone has likely evolved a specialized within-morph function in G. firmus, regulating aspects of daily flight in the LW morph, which exhibits circadian flight. Other hormones, such as insulin-like peptides and ecdysteroids, possibly regulate the expression of chronic (long-term, noncircadian) differences between LW and SW morphs. Future studies should aim to investigate JH titres in more detail, as well as other hormones, most notably peptides and biogenic amines, which are largely ignored in endocrine studies of wing polymorphism.
Reframing Learning to Teach Diversity: Multicultural Curriculum within a Cosmopolitan Context

ABSTRACTThis qualitative study explores the possibilities of reframing multicultural teacher education in the context of critical cosmopolitanism. I examine the ways in which 34 pre-service and in-service teachers learn to teach diversity and multicultural issues in their curriculum. I use three sets of coursework materials, including course discussions, small group presentations, and midterm and final papers to investigate their conceptualisations of diversity and equity issues in education. I present two salient themes as they reframe to teach diversity by reviewing both local and global conflicts: (a) analysing the frame of recognition and (b) revisiting the notions of self-other and interrelationality. Butlerian theory of recognisability provides an important theoretical and pedagogical approach for exploring the conditions of recognition as liveable life, rather than focusing on what works best for increasing teachers’ cosmopolitan awareness. Teacher education programmes could benefit from critical c...
Integrated vibration and acoustic data fusion for chatter and tool condition classification in milling

Improved data quality and availability, along with lower computation costs, have generated interest in sensor-based tool condition monitoring technologies. In this study, an integrated vibration and acoustic sensor is used for tool condition monitoring, particularly for chatter detection and tool condition classification. Based on feature extraction in the time and frequency domains, chatter and tool condition classification studies are conducted using linear Support Vector Machines. The combination of acoustic and vibration data is found to have a higher classification accuracy as compared to the individual data sources.
Genomewide SNP data reveal cryptic phylogeographic structure and microallopatric divergence in a rapids-adapted clade of cichlids from the Congo River.

The lower Congo River is a freshwater biodiversity hot spot in Africa characterized by some of the world's largest rapids. However, little is known about the evolutionary forces shaping this diversity, which include numerous endemic fishes. We investigated phylogeographic relationships in Teleogramma, a small clade of rheophilic cichlids, in the context of regional geography and hydrology. Previous studies have been unable to resolve phylogenetic relationships within Teleogramma due to lack of variation in nuclear genes and discrete morphological characters among putative species. To sample more broadly across the genome, we analysed double-digest restriction-associated sequencing (ddRAD) data from 53 individuals across all described species in the genus. We also assessed body shape and mitochondrial variation within and between taxa. Phylogenetic analyses reveal previously unrecognized lineages and instances of microallopatric divergence across as little as ~1.5 km. Species ranges appear to correspond to geographic regions broadly separated by major hydrological and topographic barriers, indicating these features are likely important drivers of diversification. Mitonuclear discordance indicates one or more introgressive hybridization events, but no clear evidence of admixture is present in nuclear genomes, suggesting these events were likely ancient. A survey of female fin patterns hints that previously undetected lineage-specific patterning may be acting to reinforce species cohesion. These analyses highlight the importance of hydrological complexity in generating diversity in certain freshwater systems, as well as the utility of ddRAD-Seq data in understanding diversification processes operating both below and above the species level.
Robust full-wave Maxwell solver in time-domain using magnetic vector potential with edge elements

Magnetic vector potential (MVP) formulations are widely used in low-frequency eddy-current computation. For full-wave Maxwell problems with coupled resistive, inductive and capacitive effects, existing MVP formulations are either ungauged or with too complicated stabilisation procedure or with non-symmetric system matrix. Since sophisticated preconditioners are necessary to ensure good convergence rates of iterative solvers when used to solve the resultant linear system, it is also important to investigate symmetric gauged formulations which can be solved by more robust state-of-the-art sparse direct solvers. Traditional Coulomb gauged formulation using penalty technique is not feasible for edge elements since the divergence of the edge element basis function is zero within each element. In this study, a novel MVP formulation with Coulomb Gauge for full-wave Maxwell problems using edge elements is proposed. The proposed formulation is symmetric and stable for all frequencies, easy to implement and uniquely solvable. Numerical results obtained using the proposed MVP formulation are demonstrated to showcase its stability and accuracy. The method is very promising in further engineering applications.
Neuroinflammation in Overnutrition-induced Diseases

Inflammation is a biological response mounted by the immune system against dangerous assaults that threaten the integrity and normal physiology of an organism. During the past decades, cross-disciplinary research from immunology and endocrinology has much broadened this knowledge by demonstrating that chronic conditions of nutritional excess constitute an independent category of inflammatory activators, and the resulting chronic and low-grade inflammation is an important characteristic of overnutrition-induced diseases. A large body of research has demonstrated that these diseases are pathogenically associated with the local, negative actions of inflammation in peripheral tissues predominantly including the liver, muscle, and fat. In this research background, more recent research has advanced to a new level, with the important discoveries showing that overnutrition-induced inflammation occurs in the brain and thus plays a broad and leadership role in overnutrition-induced diseases. While much more research establishments are expected in this emerging and quickly expanding research, the appreciated understandings have been mainly based on proinflammatory IKKβ/NF-κB pathway and related molecules in the hypothalamus. In this chapter, the author focuses on describing IKKβ/NF-κB-induced neural inflammation in the context of overnutrition-induced metabolic inflammation and especially the central roles of this neural inflammation in the development of a spectrum of overnutrition-related diseases.
Age Trajectories of Physical Health Among Older Adults of Mexican Descent: Implications of Immigrant Status, Age at Immigration, and Gender.

Objective: This study examines consequences of immigrant status, age at immigration, and gender on age trajectories of activities of daily living (ADL) limitations and chronic conditions among older adults of Mexican descent. Method: This research draws on 7 waves of the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly and employs growth curve models. Results: All men had similar age trajectories of ADL limitations, regardless of immigrant status and age at immigration. All women experienced steeper increases in ADL limitations, although U.S.-born women and those who immigrated by age 19 had lower initial levels. Men who immigrated between ages 20 and 49 had steeper increases in chronic conditions, despite lower initial levels. U.S.-born women and those women who immigrated by age 50 had more chronic conditions at age 65. Discussion: This study highlights the multidimensional nature of physical health by demonstrating that immigrant status-gender disparities can vary by the heal...
Acute Neural Stimulation

In the previous chapter, I discussed the advantages of using nanotechnologies to probe the mechano-biology of the brain. In this chapter, I describe the development of a magnetic microfabricated substrate and magnetic nanoparticle technology to induce calcium influx in neural networks by enhancing the opening probability of mechano-sensitive N-type Ca2+ channels.
Antepartum Fetal Assessment: Monitoring Fetal Activity

Fetal movement has gained worldwide attention as an expression of fetal health in utero. This article examines the techniques for monitoring fetal movement, evaluates the prognostic value of monitoring, and compares it with other antepartum tests. The limitations of fetal monitoring are discussed and future needs are explored.
An Evaluation of the Implementation Synergy between NCE-Integrated Science and the 9-Year Basic Science Curricula in Nigeria

The Curriculum of the Nigeria Certificate in Education (NCE) has implications for the Curriculum of the 9-year Basic Education (BEC) programme in Nigeria. Hence the National Commission for Colleges of Education (NCCE) came up with a vision of producing well motivated teachers with high professional integrity and competence. Both the in-service and pre-service teachers need to be conversant with the content of the 9– year Basic Education Curriculum (BEC). Are there implementation synergies in the topics, laboratory exercises and nature of assessment in the NCE integrated Science and the 9-year basic science curricula as perceived by the in-service and pre-service teachers who are recipients of the NCE-integrated science curriculum and who also implement the 9-year basic science curriculum? 4 research questions and 4 research hypotheses guided this study. A sample of 180 pre-service and in-service basic science teachers who are recipients of the new 2012 NCCE Curriculum in Integrated-science from the South – South Geo-political zones in Nigeria were used. A 4-point Likert scale ’24-item questionnaire’ called the Curriculum Implementation Synergy Questionnaire was used to obtain data. A cronbach alpha reliability co-efficient of 0.75 was obtained. Results showed that a larger proportion of both pre-service and in-service teachers agreed that there was high level of synergy in both curricula. It is recommended that the few topics and laboratory exercises not found in both curricula should be added and the present basic science teachers who are not recipient of the present curriculum should be trained in line with the present curriculum.
Transscleral Diode Laser Cyclophotocoagulation: A Comparison of Slow Coagulation and Standard Coagulation Techniques.

Purpose To compare the outcomes of standard pop-titrated transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC) and slow-coagulation TSCPC in the treatment of glaucoma. Design Retrospective case series. Participants Seventy-eight eyes with glaucoma of any type or stage that underwent TSCPC as part of their treatment course. Methods This study compared 52 eyes treated with slow-coagulation TSCPC with 26 eyes treated with standard pop-titrated TSCPC. Patient demographics, treatment course, surgical techniques, settings, and outcomes were assessed. Main Outcome Measures Visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and postsurgical complications. Results The initial mean VA was 1.94 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR; standard deviation [SD], 0.73 logMAR) in the slow-coagulation TSCPC group and 1.71 logMAR (SD, 0.90 logMAR) in the standard TSCPC group (P = 0.507). Initial IOP was 37 mmHg (SD, 13 mmHg) in the slow-coagulation group and 39 mmHg (SD, 13 mmHg) in the standard group (P = 0.297). The follow-up periods were 16.36 and 24.68 months for the slow-coagulation and standard groups, respectively (P = 0.124). Visual acuity remained better than light perception in 71.1% of slow-coagulation TSCPC patients and 65.0% of standard TSCPC patients (P = 0.599). Intraocular pressure remained less than 20 mmHg in 46% of slow-coagulation TSCPC patients and 44% of standard TSCPC patients (P = 0.870). The mean number of complications was higher in the standard group (1.46; SD, 1.24) versus the slow-coagulation group (0.62; SD, 0.75; P = 0.002). The incidence of the need for a second procedure (slow-coagulation group, 28.8%; standard group, 23.1%; P = 0.588) and maximum number of medications needed to control IOP after surgery (P = 0.771) were similar between the 2 groups. Conclusions In this case series, slow-coagulation TSCPC and standard pop-titrated TSCPC resulted in similar VA and IOP outcomes in the treatment of glaucomatous eyes. The complication profiles of the techniques also were comparable, although standard TSCPC showed a higher incidence of prolonged inflammation after surgery. This study suggests that slow-coagulation TSCPC may achieve equivalent control of IOP while reducing the incidence of prolonged postoperative inflammation—a feared complication of TSCPC—when compared with standard pop-titrated TSCPC.
Ab Initio Lifetime and Concomitant Double-Excitation Character of Plasmons at Metallic Densities

The accurate calculation of excited state properties of interacting electrons in the condensed phase is an immense challenge in computational physics. Here, we use state-of-the-art equation-of-motion coupled-cluster theory with single and double excitations (EOM-CCSD) to calculate the dynamic structure factor, which can be experimentally measured by inelastic x-ray and electron scattering. Our calculations are performed on the uniform electron gas at densities corresponding to Wigner-Seitz radii of ${r}_{s}=5$, 4, and 3 corresponding to the valence electron densities of common metals. We compare our results to those obtained using the random-phase approximation (RPA), which is known to provide a reasonable description of the collective plasmon excitation and which resums only a small subset of the polarizability diagrams included in EOM-CCSD. We find that EOM-CCSD, instead of providing a perturbative improvement on the RPA plasmon, predicts a many-state plasmon resonance, where each contributing state has a double-excitation character of 80% or more. This finding amounts to an ab initio treatment of the plasmon linewidth, which is in good quantitative agreement with previous diagrammatic calculations, and highlights the strongly correlated nature of lifetime effects in condensed-phase electronic structure theory.
Mercury contamination in resident and migrant songbirds and potential effects on body condition.

Methlymercury is a significant risk to environmental health globally. We examined the ecological drivers of methylmercury bioaccumulation in songbirds and its effect on body condition while experimentally removing the potentially confounding and predominant effects of site and habitat. We measured blood and feather mercury concentrations and body condition in nearly 1200 individuals representing resident or migrant songbirds of 52 species and 5 foraging guilds. Songbird mercury concentrations differed among species, foraging guilds, residency status, dates, and ages, but not sexes. Blood mercury concentrations 1) ranged from 0.003 in house finch to 0.85 μg/g ww in American robin, 2) were 125 times greater in insectivores than granivores and 3.6 times greater in insectivores than omnivores, 3) were 3.3 times greater in summer residents than in migrating songbirds, 4) increased by 25% throughout spring and summer, and 5) were 45% higher in adults than juveniles. Songbird mercury concentrations were negatively correlated with body condition, with blood mercury concentrations decreasing by 44% and 34% over the range of standardized body masses and fat scores, respectively. Our results highlight the importance of foraging and migration ecology in determining methylmercury contamination in birds, and the potential for reduced body condition with methylmercury exposure in songbirds.
Abstract 109: Association Between Aortic Stiffness and Lower Retinal Microvascular Blood Flow Revealed by Laser Speckle Flowgraphy: Surrogate Measures of Cerebral Microcirculation in Humans

The age-related increase in aortic stiffness increases systolic blood pressure (BP) and flow pulsatility and is associated with target organ damage such as ischemic cerebrovascular disease. However...
Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) From Older Males With Knee Osteoarthritis Depresses Chondrocyte Metabolism and Upregulates Inflammation.

There is intense clinical interest in the potential effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). This study tested the hypotheses that (i) "lower" levels of the inflammatory mediators (IMs), interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and (ii) "higher" levels of the growth factors (GFs), insulin-like growth factor 1, and transforming growth factor β1 within leukocyte-poor PRP correlate with more favorable chondrocyte and macrophage responses in vitro. Samples were collected from 10 "healthy" young male (23-33 years old) human subjects (H-PRP) and nine older (62-85 years old) male patients with severe knee OA (OA-PRP). The samples were separated into groups of "high" or "low" levels of IM and GF based on multiplex cytokine and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay data. Three-dimensional (3D) alginate bead chondrocyte cultures and monocyte-derived macrophage cultures were treated with 10% PRP from donors in different groups. Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Contrary to our hypotheses, the effect of PRP on chondrocytes and macrophages was mainly influenced by the age and disease status of the PRP donor as opposed to the IM or GF groupings. While H-PRP showed similar effects on expression of chondrogenic markers (Col2a1 and Sox9) as the negative control group (p > 0.05), OA-PRP decreased chondrocyte expression of Col2a1 and Sox-9 messenger RNA by 40% and 30%, respectively (Col2a1, p = 0.015; Sox9, p = 0.037). OA-PRP also upregulated TNF-α and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (p < 0.001) gene expression in macrophages while H-PRP did not. This data suggests that PRP from older individuals with OA contain factors that may suppress chondrocyte matrix synthesis and promote macrophage inflammation in vitro. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1760-1770, 2019.
Empieza con Fuerza Tu Día (Kick Start Your Day): A Comic Book Designed to Increase Knowledge about Healthy Eating Habits among Latino Families

The Latino population in the United States is increasing, and has high rates of overweight and obesity. Hence, innovative health education materials are needed to promote obesity prevention efforts in this population. This article discusses the conceptualization and contents of Empieza con Fuerza Tu Dia (Kick Start Your Day), a comic book written in Spanish, which promotes healthy eating habits. Key constructs of the health belief model (HBM) were included in various storylines depicted in the comic book. Twenty Latina health educators, promotoras, read the comic book and participated in one of two focus group interviews. Their feedback indicated that with some modifications, the comic book would be appropriate for Latino families. Hence, a health belief model comic book approach towards obesity prevention for Latino families is feasible.
Physical therapy in successful venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation bridge to orthotopic heart transplantation.

Background Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is a temporary mechanical circulatory support system that may be used as a lifesaving therapy for patients in acute heart failure and as a bridge to definitive management. Physical therapy in these patients remains challenging, with limited protocols to guide practitioners. Methods We describe a case of a 37-year-old gentleman who presented with familial cardiomyopathy and cardiogenic shock. Results Our patient underwent urgent peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) followed by successful heart transplantation. While on ECMO support he was enrolled in a physical therapy program that included the VitalGo Tilt Bed to improve lower body weight bearing while avoiding hip flexion and damage to the peripheral ECMO cannulae. The patient was discharged home expeditiously after heart transplant due to aggressive physical rehabilitation while on full VA-ECMO support. Conclusions Early intensive physical rehabilitation is feasible and safe and may result in improved outcomes and expeditious discharge in VA ECMO patients. Protocol driven multidisciplinary physical therapy with a patient on femorally cannulated VA-ECMO retains the advantages of lower extremity peripheral cannulation while eliminating the risks of immobility. The new UNOS allocation system may result in a successful bridge to transplantation in patients on VA-ECMO due to the increased prioritization of this population to receive donor organs.
Feasibility of Using a 1T Extremity Scanner with a Four-Element Array to Detect 31 P in the Human Calf

The feasibility of conducting in vivo non-localized skeletal muscle 31P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) with a low-cost extremity 1 Tesla magnet is demonstrated. We designed and built a transmit-only quadrature birdcage, four-element receive coil array, and employed a home-built spectrometer interfaced with a commercial ONI 1.0T magnet. In phantom comparison tests with a large loop coil of comparable size, the array was found to improve the SNR by a factor of 1.8 and the linewidth from 0.72 ppm to 0.45 ppm. Phantom and in vivo testing results show only 6 averages with a 4 second repetition time are required to obtain quantifiable 31P spectra. Initial in vivo human skeletal muscle 31P spectra successfully allowed for peak characterization. A low-cost approach to MRS could enable more widespread use of this tool in clinical diagnosis and in vivo metabolic research.
Radiation and cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the two leading causes of death in the US (1). By year 2030, it is estimated that there will be more than 22.1 million cancer survivors in US (2). With increasing cancer survivorship, further emphasis has been placed on reducing cancer treatment related cardiotoxicity.
Geometric Control and Trajectory Optimization for Bidirectional Thrust Quadrotors

Geometric control of quadrotors provides a way to control the 3D position and a yaw angle of the robot with a larger stability region than linearized controllers, but is still singular for some orientations. This singularity exists even if SO(3) is parameterized in a non-singular way such as with unit quaternions. Recent advances using the Hopf Fibration have eliminated these singularities using multiple coordinate charts and switching between them to avoid singularities. We further extend the envelope of geometric control for quadrotors to a system where the propellers can reverse direction and produce negative forces using additional charts. We show that our proposed controller is stable in hovering a robot upright and upside down. We then show how to extend trajectory generation using differentially flat coordinates to optimize trajectories using multiple charts to produce trajectories which can transition between upright and upside down.
Selection of Optimal Parameters of Impulse Sprinkling Systems of Self-Oscillatory Action.

Analysis of the results of approbation of impulse sprinkling systems of auto-booster action in mountain farming (Kuba-Khachmaz zone, in the Shahdag foothills,Mountain Shirvan in the village of Malkham, Shamakhi region; the Karabakh zone in the Terter district in the village of Sarijali) in Azerbaijan indicates its definitely great efficiency. The main advantages of impulsive sprinkling of self-oscillating action is that, compared with conventional stationary sprinkling, material consumption, capital and operating costs, electricity and water costs are reduced by 3-4 times, surface runoff and soil erosion are excluded.
Social mission in nursing: Reaffirming our roots

Abstract The Organization of Associate Degree Nursing has declared Advancing the Social Mission of Nursing as the major theme for the year (Meyer, 2020). Nursing's historic roots are embedded in social mission. Social mission encompasses the social determinants of health, which are a major factor impacting health outcomes. In order to effectively prepare associate degree nursing graduates to address issues related to health equity, nurse educators should re-examine the core purpose of nursing education to ensure inclusion of social mission.
Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is used to describe the constellation of symptoms arising from neurovascular compression of the thoracic outlet. The structures passing through the thoracic outlet include the subclavian artery, subclavian vein and trunks of the brachial plexus. Patients may experience symptoms related to compression of any one or various combinations of these structures. Arterial pathology as the cause of TOS is rare, though repetitive overhead arm motion, such as seen in athletes, is a risk factor for developing arterial TOS (aTOS). Symptoms include chronic findings, such as pallor, arm claudication or cool arm. Currently diagnosis of aTOS is made using clinical and imaging parameters which include focused history and physical including provocative maneuvers and imaging follow-up ranging from angiography to MRI. Occasionally, acute thrombosis can result in limb threatening ischemia requiring emergent catheter directed thrombolysis. Outside of acute limb ischemia, management of aTOS is variable, however typically begins with conservative measures such as physical therapy. In patients who do not respond or progress on conservative management, surgical decompression may be performed. Open or endovascular treatment of subclavian artery pathology may be necessary for recalcitrant cases. In this article, the aim is to review the elements involving diagnosis and management of aTOS.
Lateral genetic transfers between eukaryotes and bacteriophages

Viruses are trifurcated into eukaryotic, archaeal and bacterial categories. This domain-specific ecology underscores why eukaryotic genes are typically co-opted by eukaryotic viruses and bacterial genes are commonly found in bacteriophages. However, the presence of bacteriophages in symbiotic bacteria that obligately reside in eukaryotes may promote eukayotic DNA transfers to bacteriophages. By sequencing full genomes from purified bacteriophage WO particles of Wolbachia, we discover a novel eukaryotic association module with various animal proteins domains, such as the black widow latrotoxin-CTD, that are uninterrupted in intact bacteriophage genomes, enriched with eukaryotic protease cleavage sites, and combined with additional domains to forge some of the largest bacteriophage genes (up to 14,256 bp). These various protein domain families are central to eukaryotic functions and have never before been reported in packaged bacteriophages, and their phylogeny, distribution and sequence diversity implies lateral transfer from animal to bacteriophage genomes. We suggest that the evolution of these eukaryotic protein domains in bacteriophage WO parallels the evolution of eukaryotic genes in canonical eukaryotic viruses, namely those commandeered for viral life cycle adaptations. Analogous selective pressures and evolutionary outcomes may occur in bacteriophage WO as a result of its "two-fold cell challenge" to persist in and traverse cells of obligate intracellular bacteria that strictly reside in animal cells. Finally, the full WO genome sequences and identification of attachment sites will advance eventual genetic manipulation of Wolbachia for disease control strategies.
Time to surgery in thoracic cancers and prioritization during COVID-19: a systematic review.

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has overwhelmed hospital resources worldwide, requiring widespread cancellation of non-emergency operations, including lung and esophageal cancer operations. In the United States, while hospitals begin to increase surgical volume and tackle the backlog of cases, the specter of a "second wave," with a potential vaccine months to years away, highlights the ongoing need to triage cases based upon the risk of surgical delay. We synthesize the available literature on time to surgery and its impact on outcomes along with a critical appraisal of the released triage guidelines in the United States. Methods We performed a systematic literature review using PubMed according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines evaluating relevant literature from the past 15 years. Results Out of 679 screened abstracts, 12 studies investigating time to surgery in lung cancer were included. In stage I-II lung cancer, delayed resection beyond 6 to 8 weeks is consistently associated with lower survival. No identified evidence justifies a 2 cm cutoff for immediate versus delayed surgery. For stage IIIa lung cancer, time to surgery greater than 6 weeks after neoadjuvant therapy is similarly associated with worse survival. For esophageal cancer, 254 abstracts were screened and 23 studies were included. Minimal literature addresses primary esophagectomy, but time to surgery over 8 weeks is associated with lower survival. In the neoadjuvant setting, longer time to surgery is associated with increased pathologic complete response, but also decreased survival. The optimal window for esophagectomy following neoadjuvant therapy is 6 to 8 weeks. Conclusions In the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, timely resection of lung and esophageal cancer should be prioritized whenever possible based upon local resources and disease-burden.
Therapeutic potential of mitochondrial uncouplers for the treatment of metabolic associated fatty liver disease and NASH.

Abstract Background Mitochondrial uncouplers shuttle protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane via a pathway that is independent of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, thereby uncoupling nutrient oxidation from ATP production and dissipating the proton gradient as heat. While initial toxicity concerns hindered their therapeutic development in the early 1930s, there has been increased interest in exploring the therapeutic potential of mitochondrial uncouplers for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Scope of review In this review, we cover recent advances in the mechanisms by which mitochondrial uncouplers regulate biological processes and disease, with a particular focus on metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), nonalcoholic hepatosteatosis (NASH), insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We also discuss the challenges that remain to be addressed before synthetic and natural mitochondrial uncouplers can successfully enter the clinic. Major conclusions Rodent and non-human primate studies suggest that a myriad of small molecule mitochondrial uncouplers can safely reverse MAFLD/NASH with a wide therapeutic index. Despite this, further characterization of the tissue- and cell-specific effects of mitochondrial uncouplers is needed. We propose targeting the dosing of mitochondrial uncouplers to specific tissues such as the liver and/or developing molecules with self-limiting properties to induce a subtle and sustained increase in mitochondrial inefficiency, thereby avoiding systemic toxicity concerns.
Maintaining Academic Performance and Student Satisfaction during the Remote Transition of a Nursing Obstetrics Course to Online Instruction.

This study explores the effect of rapidly transitioning an in-person pre-licensure nursing specialty course to remote instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic. The redesign included the following learning technologies: live and recorded whiteboard lectures with Socratic-style questioning, electronic audience response systems, remote simulations, and virtual unfolding case studies to replace didactic and clinical learning experiences. Quantitative results indicate that learning quality was sustained, with no significant difference in students’ course performance or satisfaction. These specific technologies can be utilized in any discipline-specific course during emergency remote instruction to promote essential student-to-student and faculty-to-student interactivity.
Genetic deletion of endothelial microRNA-15a/16-1 promotes cerebral angiogenesis and neurological recovery in ischemic stroke through Src signaling pathway:

Cerebral angiogenesis is tightly controlled by specific microRNAs (miRs), including the miR-15a/16-1 cluster. Recently, we reported that endothelium-specific conditional knockout of the miR-15a/16-...
Linking Changes in Reaction Kinetics and Atomic-Level Surface Structures on a Supported Ru Catalyst for CO Oxidation

A fundamental scientific challenge in heterogeneous catalysis is understanding the relationship between surface structure and reactivity. Catalytically relevant surface motifs may form only under r...
1fJ/bit Coupling-based ITO Monolithic Modulator in Integrated Photonics

Here, a high-speed optical modulator with large bandwidth, robust athermal operation, and complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility is presented for photonics integrated systems and computing applications. Using the magical critical coupling loss, we have reduced the power consumption by four times compared with the conventional design.
Depression is a “Storm” not a Lowering of Spirit: The Experience and Psychology of the Severe Depressive State

While analyzing the depressed state scientifically, it is useful to compare the empirical evidence with the experience as described by artist-writers who have been afflicted with the disorder. The artists question the appropriateness of the term “depression” to label the state. William Styron, e.g., experienced it as a “storm,” much more turbulent emotionally than the depressed, semi-paralytic quality described in the clinical literature. Opposing perspectives on its causes held by Europeans and Americans are reviewed, as is the research on its phenomenology prior to the introduction of the antidepressants. The treatments espoused by biological or psychological proponents were different, neither very successful. Following the drugs, new studies of the disorder found more evidence for the focal roles of anxiety and hostility in its composition, thus, supportive of the artists’ emphasis on turmoil and conflict of emotions in the basic experience. Clearly, measuring specific behaviors and feelings associated with the disorder has been neglected in the decades-long neurobiological analyses of drug actions. To advance understanding of basic mechanisms, a more refined behavioral approach and methodology was applied in concert with neurochemical analyses. That behavioral approach is described in the next chapter.
FEASIBILITY OF A STACK INTEGRATED SOFC OPTICAL CHEMICAL SENSOR

The work performed during the UCR Innovative Concepts phase I program was designed to demonstrate the chemical sensing capabilities of nano-cermet SPR bands at solid oxide fuel cell operating conditions. Key to this proposal is that the materials choice used a YSZ ceramic matrix which upon successful demonstration of this concept, will allow integration directly onto the SOFC stack. Under the Innovative Concepts Program the University at Albany Institute for Materials (UAIM)/UAlbany School of NanoSciences and NanoEngineering synthesized, analyzed and tested Pa, and Au doped YSZ nano-cermets as a function of operating temperature and target gas exposure (hydrogen, carbon monoxide and 1-dodecanethiol). During the aforementioned testing procedure the optical characteristics of the nano-cermets were monitored to determine the sensor selectivity and sensitivity.
Distinguishing embedded curves in rational complex surfaces

We construct many pairs of smoothly embedded complex curves with the same genus and self-intersection number in the rational complex surfaces CP 2#nCP 2 with the property that no self-diffeomorphism of CP 2#nCP 2 sends one to the other. In particular, as a special case we answer a question originally posed by R. Gompf (1995) concerning genus two curves of selfintersection number 0 in CP 2#13CP .
Helix formation by d(TA) oligomers

Experiments with d(TA)N§ hairpin helices are reported which contradict the simple Ising (or nearest-neighbor interactions) model for the DNA helix-coil transition at low or moderate counterion concentrations. The experiments show that electrostatic interactions which extend beyond nearest neighbors must be taken into account. The basic observations are as follows. First the dependence of Tm(N) on log M (where M is monovalent counterion molarity) falls off sharply with decreasing N in the range 8 ≤ N ≤ 22, so that the set of melting curves is compressed into a narrow temperature range at low M. At M = 0.0028, d(TA)20 has a higher Tm than poly d(AT) and the Tm of d(TA)9 is only slightly lower. Second, electrostatic interactions have a relatively small effect on the breadths of these melting curves: the curves for all oligomers sharpen slightly as the counterion concentration is reduced. We have used the method of Schildkraut & Lifson (1965) to study the problem by a priori computation. Their method is based on a summation of discrete pairwise interactions between the charges on the phosphate groups. As in the theory of Record (1967), the quantity zp2D is taken to be the sole adjustable parameter, where zp is the effective charge per phosphate group and D is the effective dielectric constant. Two results are found: (1) the melting curves for all oligomers can be represented for all values of M by a single value of zp2D, and (2) it is necessary to count interactions between charges both in the helix and in adjoining non-helical segments. There is a simple approximation by which electrostatic effects may be taken into account while retaining much of the formalism of standard helix-coil transition theory. In this approximation the stability constant s is replaced by an effective constant s∗(N), which is a function of 2N, the number of nucleotides in an oligomer, although independent of helix length in a partly helical molecule. The melting curves can be predicted in a straightforward manner using this approximation and they agree with the experimental curves. However, further work is needed to define the limitations of this approximation.
Evidence for glycine as an inhibitory neurotransmitter of vestibular, reticular, and prepositus hypoglossi neurons that project to the cat abducens nucleus.

The localization and distribution of brain-stem afferent neurons to the cat abducens nucleus has been examined by high-affinity uptake and retrograde transport of 3H-glycine. Injections of 3H-glycine selectively labeled (by autoradiography) only neurons located predominantly in the ipsilateral medial vestibular and contralateral prepositus hypoglossi nuclei, and in the contralateral dorsomedial reticular formation, the latter corresponding to the location of inhibitory burst neurons. The specificity of uptake and retrograde transport of 3H-glycine was indicated by the absence of labeling of the dorsomedial medullary reticular neurons ipsilateral and in close proximity to the injection site, where local uptake by diffusion could have occurred. The selectivity of uptake and transport was demonstrated by the absence of retrograde labeling following injections of 3H-GABA or 3H-leucine into the abducens nucleus. The immunohistochemical localization of glycine and GABA revealed a differential distribution of the 2 inhibitory neurotransmitter candidates in the extraocular motor nuclei. Glycine-immunoreactive staining of synaptic endings in the abducens nucleus was dense with a widespread soma-dendritic distribution but was sparse in the trochlear and oculomotor nuclei. By contrast, GABA-immunoreactive staining within the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei was associated with synaptic endings that were particularly prominent on the somata of motoneurons. GABA- immunoreactive staining in the abducens nucleus, however, was sparse. These differences between glycine- and GABA-immunoreactive staining in the extraocular motor nuclei were correlated with differences in the immunoreactivity of axons in the descending (glycine) and ascending (GABA) limbs of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. Glycine- immunoreactive neurons, furthermore, were observed in the same locations as neurons that were labeled autoradiographically by retrograde transport of 3H-glycine from the abducens nucleus. Electrophysiological recordings from abducens motoneurons and internuclear neurons revealed a marked reduction in the slow positivity of the orthodromic extracellular potential elicited by ipsilateral vestibular nerve stimulation following systemic administration of strychnine, an antagonist of glycine. Intracellular recordings demonstrated that the vestibular-evoked disynaptic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in abducens neurons were effectively blocked by strychnine but were unaffected by picrotoxin, an antagonist of GABA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Abstract W P277: Specialized Teams React on Key Examinations: The Impact of Triage in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Specialized Teams React On Key Examinations: The Impact of Triage in Acute Ischemic Stroke Category: Emergency Care/Systems Background and Purpose: The Brain Attack Coalition recommends the initiation of thrombolytic therapy in ischemic strokes within 60 minutes of hospital arrival. Poor compliance in our Emergency Department with door to needle (DTN) challenged us to identify care strategies to rapidly identify, evaluate, and implement care in the acute stroke population. In 2012, we integrated resources caring for ST Elevation Myocardial Infarctions (STEMI) and acute strokes to form the Time is Tissue unit that would result in improved compliance. Methods: Specialized training was provided to Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and the STEMI unit staff in acute stroke recognition and care. Acute stroke patients identified by EMS bypassed standard triage and the Time is Tissue unit was responsible for care from arrival through disposition. Results: A retrospective and concurrent chart review was performed f...
Predictive controls, modeling, and technology assessment for high-performance buildings

It is our great pleasure to present this special issue of Science and Technology for the Built Environment. The 14 original research articles of this issue are extended versions of papers presented...
Examining the Gender Gap in Life Expectancy: A Cross-National Analysis, 1980–2005†

Objectives This study examines predictors of the gender gap in life expectancy across a large cross-national sample. Methods We employ random effects and fixed effects models of the gender difference (female–male) and gender ratio (female/male) in life expectancy during the 1980–2005 period. Results Women's status, traditional male hazards, and development/modernization processes tend to widen the gender gap in life expectancy. In addition, income inequality expands the gender gap, while female representation in parliament reduces it. We argue that these latter effects are a function of (1) the steeper socioeconomic gradient for men in predicting mortality and (2) the protection of economically vulnerable groups by female parliamentarians, which provides greater health returns to males. Conclusion Advances in gender equity along economic, political, and cultural lines appear to exert countervailing effects, both expanding and reducing the gender gap in mortality.