cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spatial context learning in visual search and change detection

Humans conduct visual search more efficiently when the same display is presented for a second time, showing learning of repeated spatial contexts. In this study, we investigate spatial context learning in two tasks: visual search and change detection. In both tasks, we ask whether subjects learn to associate the target with the entire spatial layout of a repeated display (configural learning) or with individual distractor locations (nonconfigural learning). We show that nonconfigural learning results from visual search tasks, but not from change detection tasks. Furthermore, a spatial layout acquired in visual search tasks does not enhance change detection on the same display, whereas a spatial layout acquired in change detection tasks moderately enhances visual search. We suggest that although spatial context learning occurs in multiple tasks, the content of learning is, in part, task specific.
Paget's disease of the breast presenting as a cutaneous horn

A 67-year-old woman developed a cutaneous horn on the nipple of her right breast. Biopsy of the skin underlying the horn disclosed Paget's disease of the breast. An intraductal adenocarcinoma of the same breast was found on mastectomy. High index of suspicion is mandatory in evaluating all nipple lesions.
Huck Finn Revisited: A 19th Century Look at 20th Century Organization Theory:

This piece looks at contemporary organizations through the eyes of one of American literature's most famous fictional characters, Huckleberry Finn. The dialogue and setting are recreations of those found in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The specific events in this story, while representative of the type found in the original novel by Mark Twain, have been created to illustrate the points being made by contemporary organizational theorists.
The performance impact of false subpage sharing in KSR1

This paper presents insight into important aspects of the performance of KSR1 multiprocessor. We report performance degradations caused by false sharing of memory subpages (128 bytes long units of transfer and consistency) between local caches in the KSR1. In other words, the performance is measured when multiple processing nodes issue simultaneous write requests for a single subpage. Our measurements show that low level knowledge about the organization of the ALLCACHE memory and explicit use of non-shared variables in parallel threads can result in performance improvement of almost an order of magnitude. However, writing such programs is much closer to distributed memory MIMD programming than shared memory programming. >
The Army Research Laboratory ultra-wide band testbed radars

In 1988, the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) began a research program to determine the feasibility of bringing emerging technologies together to analyze the problem of seeing through an inhomogeneous medium such as tree/foliage cover or the ground. The results of these studies indicated that continuing work in this area and sponsoring enabling technologies could produce a realizable system, thus leading to an understanding of the physics associated with foliage and ground penetration radar. Based on technology available in 1988, ARL instrumented an ultra-wideband (UWB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to collect data supportive of foliage penetration (FOPEN) and ground penetration (OPEN) studies. These programs are aimed at measuring and analyzing the basic phenomenology of impulse radar, specifically the propagation effects of targets, clutter, and targets embedded in clutter. At the time, the system developed at ARL lacked real-time data collection capability. Low transmit-power and the relatively slow data-transfer rates from the A/D converter to the data archiving system resulted in a system that needed many pulses to coherently integrate the power up, produced large amounts of collected data, and require a 50-hour data collection period. Today, by taking advantage of commercial off-the-shelf processors, an advanced A/D converter, a more powerful transmitter, and lessons learned, the authors have designed and assembled a more capable impulse implementation. The paper describes this upgraded radar system and the associated components used in the radar.
Ru i: radiative lifetimes and stellar abundances

Radiative lifetimes for 50 odd-parity levels in Ru i are determined using time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence on a Ru atomic beam. The implication of the lifetime measurements for the Ru abundance in red giant stars with an enhanced heavy-element abundance is discussed.
Design of line-source antennas for narrow beamwidth and low side lobes

It is well known that the phenomenon of radiation from line-source antennas is very similar to that of the diffraction of light from narrow apertures. Unlike the optical situation, however, antenna design technique permits the use of other-than-uniform distributions of field across the antenna aperture. Line source synthesis is the science of choosing this distribution function to give a radiation pattern with prescribed properties such as, for example, narrow angular width of the main lobe and low side lobes. In the present article the mathematical relationships involved in the radiation calculation are studied from the point of view of function theory. Some conclusions are drawn which outline the major aspects of synthesis technique very clearly. In particular, the problem of constructing a line source with an optimum compromise between beamwidth and side-lobe level (analogous to the Dolph - Tchebycheff problem in linear array theory) is considered. The ideal pattern is cos π √ {u /sup 2/ - A/sup 2/} , where u = (2a/λ) cos θ, a is the half-length of the source, and cosh π A is the side-lobe ratio. Because of theoretical limitations, this pattern cannot be obtained from a physically realizable antenna; nevertheless its ideal characteristics can be approached arbitrarily closely. The procedure for doing this is given in detail.
High-performance monolithic pin-MODFET transimpedance photoreceiver

The performance characteristics of a transimpedance photoreceiver using a In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As p-i-n photodiode integrated with a 0.1- mu m-gate-length regrown pseudomorphic In/sub 0.60/Ga/sub 0.40/As MODFET grown by MBE have been investigated. The regrown MODFETs have extrinsic transconductance values as high as 610 mS/mm and channel currents up to 350 mA/mm at a drain bias of 1.5 V. The measured temporal response of the photoreceiver exhibits a FWHM value of 90 ps, which indicates a bandwidth of approximately 6 GHz and expected 10-Gb/s operation. The transimpedance gain was as high as 55 dB- Omega with an 800- Omega feedback resistor. >
Graphene-based ultra-sensitive gas sensors

In the present work, we report the performance of grapheme-based gas sensors. Monolayer quality graphene was synthesized using thermal chemical vapor deposition. Graphene was characterized using Raman spectroscopy and Transmission electron microscopy. In addition, Hall Effect experiments were conducted to study the electronic properties of graphene layers. These graphene layers were tested to sense NO 2 , NH 3 , and Ethanol at room temperature. The responses of the grapheme-based gas sensor are highly reproducible.
The Effectiveness of Field Price Discretion: Empirical Evidence from Auto Lending

In many markets, it is common for headquarters to create a price list but grant local salespeople discretion to negotiate prices for individual transactions. How much if any pricing discretion headquarters should grant is a topic of debate within many firms. We investigate this issue using a unique data set from an indirect lender with local pricing discretion. We estimate that the local sales force adjusted prices in a way that improved profits by approximately 11% on average. A counterfactual analysis shows that using a centralized, data-driven pricing optimization system could improve profits even further, up to 20% over those actually realized. This suggests that centralized pricing-if appropriately optimized-can be more effective than field price discretion. We discuss the implications of these findings for auto lending and other industries with similar pricing processes. This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Breakup of Universality in the Generalized Spinodal Nucleation Theory

The problem of nucleation near spinodal is revisited. It is shown that the standard scaling argument due to Unger and Klein [Phys. Rev. B 29:2698–2708 (1984)] based on neglecting all but the first two terms of the Taylor expansion of the potential in the free energy functional is only valid below critical dimension. At critical dimension, the nucleating droplet has a bigger amplitude and a smaller spatial extent than predicted by the standard scaling argument. In this case the structure of the droplet is determined in a nontrivial fashion by the next order term in the expansion of the potential. Above critical dimension, the amplitude of the nucleating droplet turns out to be too big to justify expanding the potential in Taylor series, and no universality is to be expected in the shape and size of the droplet. Both at and above critical dimension, however, the free energy barrier remains finite, which indicates that the nucleation rate does not vanish at spinodal as predicted by the standard scaling argument.
Should a Patient Be Extubated and Placed on Noninvasive Ventilation After Failing a Spontaneous Breathing Trial

Between 15% and 35% of mechanically ventilated patients fail an initial spontaneous breathing trial. For these patients, 40% of total time on mechanical ventilation is consumed by the weaning process (60% for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Longer duration of mechanical ventilation is associated with higher risk of complications and probably with higher mortality. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has been used successfully in some forms of acute respiratory failure. Randomized controlled trials have indicated that, in selected patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute-on-chronic respiratory failure, NIV can facilitate weaning, reduce the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, decrease complications, and reduce mortality, compared to weaning on continued invasive ventilation. However, extubation failure resulting in re-intubation is associated with higher mortality, and this mortality risk increases with delay of re-intubation and may not be prevented by application of NIV. Patients extubated to NIV must have careful monitoring by skilled clinicians able to provide timely re-intubation if the patient shows signs of intolerance or worsening respiratory failure.
Predictors and Outcomes of Burnout in Primary Care Physicians

Objective: To assess relationships between primary care work conditions, physician burnout, quality of care, and medical errors. Methods: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of data from the MEMO (Minimizing Error, Maximizing Outcome) Study. Two surveys of 422 family physicians and general internists, administered 1 year apart, queried physician job satisfaction, stress and burnout, organizational culture, and intent to leave within 2 years. A chart audit of 1795 of their adult patients with diabetes and/or hypertension assessed care quality and medical errors. Key Results: Women physicians were almost twice as likely as men to report burnout (36% vs 19%, P < .001). Burned out clinicians reported less satisfaction (P < .001), more job stress (P < .001), more time pressure during visits (P < .01), more chaotic work conditions (P < .001), and less work control (P < .001). Their workplaces were less likely to emphasize work-life balance (P < .001) and they noted more intent to leave the practice (56% v...
The long and winding road: finding disaster preparedness coordinators in a national sample of local health departments.

©2013 Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health The Federal Emergency Management Agency’s Whole Community framework1 and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Public Health Preparedness Capabilities2 emphasize engagement between responding public agencies and community-based organizations (CBOs) as crucial in building community resilience to disasters. In considering an increased focus on cross-agency collaboration, communityand faith-based organizations, as well as other local or regional organizations that work with local health departments (LHDs) to improve community resilience, often view the public health department disaster coordinator as a partner in preparedness and response efforts. Local preparedness coordinators can be a valuable source for disaster readiness, response, recovery plans, and access to local resources.3 Therefore, it is crucial that these coordinators are easily reachable by the public and CBOs. To measure their accessibility, we examined how easy it was to find coordinator contact information for purposes of a national survey.
Publishing Policies and Family Strategies: The Fortunes of a Dutch Publishing House in the 18th and Early 19th Centuries. By Baggerman, Arianne.

In this study, the author makes a fine contribution to our understanding of the transition from the early modern to the modern age in Western Europe. In terms of Dutch history, furthermore, the aut...
Implementing Co-Regulated Feeding with Mothers of Preterm Infants.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe implementation of the Co-Regulated Feeding Intervention (CoReg), when provided by mothers and guided by intervention nurses trained in methods of guided participation (GP). Co-regulated feeding intervention aims to prevent stress during feeding and ease the challenge very preterm (VP) infants experience coordinating breathing and swallowing during the early months. Guided participation is a participatory learning method to guide the complex learning required for mothers. Study design and methods Sixteen mothers of 17 VP infants participated. Each mother received a median of five intervention sessions during the infant's transition to oral feeding. Intervention field notes, audio recordings of the sessions, and video recordings of the nurse-guided feedings were reviewed, organized, and content analyzed to evaluate implementation. Results The co-regulated feeding intervention was well received by mothers; enrollment, participation, and retention rates were high. Most mothers chose to spread out the intervention sessions across the transition period. Scheduling sessions was the greatest barrier. Mothers had competing demands and infant readiness to eat could not be predicted. The top five issues identified as needing attention by the mother or nurse included reading cues, coregulating breathing, providing motoric stability, regulating milk flow, and providing rest periods. Main GP strategies included joint attention with the mother to the dyad's feeding challenges, auditory assessment of breathing and swallowing, and reflection with planning for future feedings using video playback. Clinical implications Nurse presence while mothers feed affords rich opportunities to guide coregulated, cue-based feeding. Co-regulated feeding intervention would be enhanced if mothers are guided by the bedside nurse.
Determination of phosphide in foodstuff by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Objective:To develop a method to determine phosphide in foodstuff by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Methods:Before being analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,phosphide in foodstuff was transformed to H3PO4 by sample preparetion.Results:The detection limit was higher than 0.002 mg/kg,the RSD over 1.5%;recoveries were 93.0%～95.8%.The results of analyzing practical samples was the same as those by using national standard method.Conclusion:This method is simple,sensitive and accurate,and can determinate phosphide in foodstuff.
Clinical and Pathological Analysis of Childhood Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Nephritis with Nephritic Syndrome

Objective:To investigate the relationship between clinical and renal pathologic in childhood Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis with nephritic syndrome.Method:Retrospective review of the clinical data and renal pathologic of 16 cases of childhood Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis with nephritic syndrome who had been performed renal biopsy.Result:(1) Among the pathological grading of glomeruli, we found grade Ⅲb 14 cases(87.5%), gradeⅡb and grade Ⅳb 1 case respectively(6.25%).7 cases were macrohematuria including grade Ⅲb(6 cases,85.7%) and grade Ⅳb(1 case,14.3%).9 cases were microhematuria including grade Ⅲb(8 cases,89.0%) and grade Ⅱb(1 case,11.0%).Among 9 cases renal damage of tubulointersitial,there were 6 cases(66.7%) with macrohematuria and 3 cases with microhematuria.(2)Diffuse mesangial proliferation(13 cases,81.25%) was the most common pathological pattern,7 cases were combining with crescent(macrohematuria 85.7%),4 cases were endocapillary proliferation(macrohematuria 75.0%),4 cases were capillary loops necrosis(macrohematuria 75.0%).(3)IgA+IgM as same as IgA+IgG+IgM deposit(43.75%) was the most common immune pathological grade Ⅲb and Ⅳb.Conclusion:Renal pathological grade Ⅲ is the most common type in childhood Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis with nephritic syndrome,which is often associated with severe clinical manifestations and pathological changes.Early renal biopsy is very important to make treatment plan.
Biphasic glucocorticoid regulation of pulmonary SP-A: characterization of inhibitory process.

Pulmonary surfactant, which is necessary for normal lung function, is under both developmental and hormonal regulation. Glucocorticoids induce all components of surfactant and have a unique biphasic effect on surfactant protein A (SP-A), either stimulating or inhibiting accumulation in cultured fetal lung depending on dose and time of exposure. In this study we further characterized glucocorticoid inhibition of SP-A in cultured explants of human fetal lung. Decreased content of SP-A mRNA was the dominant response to dexamethasone added either early or later during culture. Inhibition occurred at or = 8 h the stability of SP-A mRNA in control and treated explants was not different (t1/2 approximately 8 h). Our findings indicate that inhibition of SP-A is the dominant response to glucocorticoid. This effect is receptor mediated and apparently involves induction of a labile protein(s) that decreases gene transcription and transiently reduces mRNA stability.
Improving Ambulatory Training in Internal Medicine: X + Y (or Why Not?).

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requirement that internal medicine residents spend one-third of their training in an ambulatory setting has resulted in programmatic innovation across the country. The traditional weekly half-day clinic model has lost ground to the block or “X + Y” clinic model, which has gained in popularity for many reasons. Several disadvantages of the block model have been reported, however, and residency programs are caught between the threat of old and new challenges. We offer the perspectives of three large residency programs (University of Washington, Emory University, and Massachusetts General Hospital) that have successfully navigated scheduling challenges in our individual settings without implementing the block model. By sharing our innovative non-block models, we hope to demonstrate that programs can and should create the solution that fits their individual needs.
Friedrich von Schiller

(d. i. Johann Christoph Friedrich Schiller) – Ab 1774 Jurastudium an der Militarakademie der Hohen Karlsschule auf der Solitude bei Stuttgart (1775 abgebrochen); 1776–1780 Medizinstudium ebendort; 1780 Promotion und Regimentsmedikus in Stuttgart; 1782 Arrest (wegen unerlaubter Entfernung) und Flucht, erster spektakularer Buhnenerfolg mit dem Schauspiel Die Rauber; 1783 Ubersiedelung nach Mannheim; 1783–1784 Theaterdichter; 1784 Konzeption und 1785 Realisierung der Zeitschrift Rheinische Thalia (spater Thalia und Neue Thalia); 1785 Zeitschrift enherausgeber in Leipzig, 1785–1787 in Dresden; 1787 in Weimar Einfuhrung in hofische Kreise, 1788 Bekanntschaft mit Goethe; 1789 Professur fur Philosophie in Jena; 1790 Hofratsdiplom; 1791 Mitglied der Erfurter Kurfurstlichen Akademie nutzlicher Wissenschaften; finanzielle Unterstutzung von danischer Seite; 1794 Konzeption und 1795 Realisierung der Zeitschrift Die Horen, enge Zusammenarbeit mit Goethe; 1798 Ernennung zum Honorarprofessor der Universitat Jena; 1799 Umzug nach Weimar; 1802 geadelt; Theaterdichter, -publizist und -theoretiker; zusammen mit Goethe Begrunder der Weimarer Klassik; streitbarer Literatur-, Kunst- und Kulturkritiker; Lyriker; Historiograph; Erzahler; Ubersetzer.
OPC model sampling evaluation and weakpoint “in-situ” improvement

One of the major challenges of optical proximity correction (OPC) models is to maximize the coverage of real design features using sampling pattern. Normally, OPC model building is based on 1-D and 2-D test patterns with systematically changing pitches alignment with design rules. However, those features with different optical and geometric properties will generate weak-points where OPC simulation cannot precisely predict resist contours on wafer due to the nature of infinite IC designs and limited number of model test patterns. In this paper, optical property data of real design features were collected from full chips and classified to compare with the same kind of data from OPC test patterns. Therefore sample coverage could be visually mapped according to different optical properties. Design features, which are out of OPC capability, were distinguished by their optical properties and marked as weak-points. New patterns with similar optical properties would be added into model build site-list. Further, an alternative and more efficient method was created in this paper to improve the treatment of issue features and remove weak-points without rebuilding models. Since certain classification of optical properties will generate weak-points, an OPC-integrated repair algorithm was developed and implemented to scan full chip for optical properties, locate those features and then optimize OPC treatment or apply precise sizing on site. This is a named “in-situ” weak-point improvement flow which includes issue feature definition, allocation in full chip and real-time improvement.
Surgical Management and Outcome of Open Globe Injuries with Posterior Segment Complications: A 10-Year Review.

PURPOSE To describe the characteristics, management, and outcomes of open globe injured (OGI) eyes that underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for posterior segment complications. METHODS Retrospective chart review of cases that underwent PPV for posterior segment complications associated with OGI between 2003-2012 at University Hospital, Newark, NJ. RESULTS 120 eyes were identified and classified as follows: "early retinal detachment (RD)" (within 30 days of OGI), 64 (53%) eyes; "delayed RD" (≥30 days after OGI), 30 (25%) eyes; and "no RD," 26 (22%) eyes. Injuries included penetrating (39 (33%) eyes), rupture (60 (50%) eyes), and penetrating wounds with retained intraocular foreign body (21 (17%) eyes). Injuries in Zones I, II, and III were seen in 40 (35%) eyes), 38 (34%) eyes, and 35 (31%) eyes, respectively, with statistically different ocular trauma scores (p<0.01) associated with each zone of injury. Mean presenting and final logMAR VA were 2.20± 0.63 and 1.87 ±0.60, respectively (p<0.01), with a mean follow-up of 3.2 years. Final overall anatomic success after surgeries was 98% for early RD and 95% for delayed RD. CONCLUSION Despite a high anatomic success rate, the overall functional success rate for eyes with posterior segment trauma that undergo PPV is poor and comparable to other studies.
TEAM TEACHING IN JAPAN FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF THE ALTs, THE JTEs, AND THE STUDENTS

This case study explores team teaching in Japan from theÂ perspectives of JTEs (Japanese English Teachers), ALTs (AssistantÂ Language Teachers), and students. Special focus is attributed toÂ teachers and studentsâ€™ perceptions of ALT and JTE roles. To determineÂ the perspectives of all three participants, 112 students, 4 JTESÂ and 2 ALTs from a Japanese high school in Chiba Prefecture wereÂ surveyed. Fieldwork was conducted over a ten-day period at the researchÂ site in 2009 to collect data in the form of questionnaires, interviews,Â and class observations. The findings indicate more of a mismatchÂ between studentsâ€™ perceptions of their teachersâ€™ roles than betweenÂ teachers. The results also reveal the students prefer a combinationÂ of both teachers and find team-taught classes more beneficial toÂ developing their English skills.
Large Field Digital Image Correlation Used for Full-Scale Aircraft Crash Testing: Methods and Results

Since the summer of 2013, five full-scale crash tests have been conducted at NASA Langley Research Center’s (LaRC) Landing and Impact Research Facility (LandIR) on deformable airframes for the evaluation of a variety of crashworthy concepts. Two tests were conducted on two CH-46E “Sea Knight” airframes as part of the Transport Rotorcraft Airframe Crash Testbed (TRACT) project and three tests were conducted on three Cessna 172 General Aviation aircraft as a part of the Emergency Locator Transmitter Survivability and Reliability (ELTSAR) project. Full field digital image correlation (DIC) data was obtained as a part of each aircraft’s experimental suite, thus giving insight into the crash severity and airframe deformation which occurred for each test [1].
Effects of a pyrethroid and two neonicotinoid insecticides on population dynamics of key pests of soybean and abundance of their natural enemies

Neonicotinoids alone and in combination with pyrethroid insecticides are common in crop production and suppress target herbivores effectively. The goal of this research was to quantify the effects of these insecticides on primary and secondary pests of soybeans and their natural enemies. We examined the effects of neonicotinoids alone applied to soybean seeds (thiamethoxam), neonicotinoids and pyrethroids applied to leaves (imidacloprid + β-cyfluthrin), and a combination of these treatments on arthropod abundance in soybean fields at two locations over two years in eastern South Dakota. Foliar applications of the insecticides suppressed soybean aphids, Aphis glycines Matsumara (Hemiptera: Aphididae), while thrips, (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) increased in numbers following exposure to the neonicotinoid insecticides alone or in combination with the pyrethroid in one of the locations and were significantly correlated with their major predators. Spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch) were not significantly affected by treatments. We also noted suppression of several taxa of predators following exposure to the insecticides. While low abundance of arthropods in the first year of the study limits our inferences, we conclude that both insecticide classes effectively suppress the key pest of soybean, soybean aphids, while their impact on secondary pests and on predators is variable. This research provides important contribution to our understanding of target and non-target impacts of insecticides commonly used in crop protection.
Inhaled Antibiotics for Ventilator-Associated Infections

Multidrug-resistant organisms are creating a challenge for physicians treating the critically ill. As new antibiotics lag behind the emergence of worsening resistance, intensivists in countries with high rates of extensively drug-resistant bacteria are turning to inhaled antibiotics as adjunctive therapy. These drugs can provide high concentrations of drug in the lung that could not be achieved with intravenous antibiotics without significant systemic toxicity. This article summarizes current evidence describing the use of inhaled antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial ventilator-associated pneumonia and ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis. Preliminary data suggest aerosolized antimicrobials may effectively treat resistant pathogens with high minimum inhibitory concentrations.
Unique recovery of motion and optic flow via lie algebras

We use some ideas from the theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras to study the problem of recovering rigid motion from a time varying picture. We are able to avoid the problem of finding corresponding points by considering only what can be determined from picture point values and their time derivative. We do not assume that we can track individual points in the image, nor that we are given any of their velocities (i.e., the optic (low). Among our results arc: The 6 point df/dt theorem, showing that generically the values of df/dt at 6 points of the monochrome image/are necessary and sufficient to specify the motion of a given object. The 2-color theorem for optic flow, which states that the optic flow vector is uniquely specified at a generic point of the image if there arc 2 or more color dimensions. Also, we get the color version of the 6 point theorem, the 2 colors, 3 points corollary, which reduces the number of points required to 3, if there are at least 2 color dimensions.
Synthesizing Four Ideals of Humanity

Herbert Read talks about four ideals of humanity—Primitive, Greco-Roman, Byzantine, and Oriental—in his The Meaning of Art [1]. Read derives these four ideals of humanity from his study of the history of art on the presumption that art, in one sense or another, involves creation of beauty, of pleasing forms, and that the sense of beauty which prevails in a specific artistic tradition is inseparably associated with the notion of an ideal type of humanity widely accepted in that artistic tradition.
A Chat Room—Educational Psychologists but No Curriculum Methodologists?

Although educational psychologists once were tied in with teachers in solving instructional problems, the progression of the science of psychology has led them away from the practical aspects of teaching. Instead, educational psychologists find themselves talking about theories—in their own language—to each other, and not to their colleagues in the curriculum areas. To this end they are not a continuing source of productive information for solving practical problems in classroom practice. Suggestions are made for improving communication between educational psychologists and “on-line” educators.
Patients with HIV

This chapter discusses FDG normal variant uptake in HIV patients and the role of FDG PET/CT in malignancies in HIV-infected patients, CNS manifestations of HIV, assessing fever of unknown origin in HIV patients, assessing response to highly active antiretroviral therapy, and assessing complications. FDG PET/CT has proven useful in the diagnosis, staging, and detection of metastasis and post treatment monitoring of several malignancies in HIV-infected patients. It also has the ability to make the important distinction between malignancy and infection in the evaluation of CNS lesions, leading to the initiation of the appropriate treatment and precluding the need for invasive biopsy. However, immunosuppression predisposes patients to a number of opportunistic infections, and therefore special care must be taken interpreting FDG PET/CT in HIV patients
Long-Chain Hyperbranched Comb Block Copolymers: Synthesis, Microstructure, Rheology, and Thermal Behavior

A series of poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid)-cb-atactic polypropylene (EAA-cb-aPP) comb block copolymers were synthesized by grafting aPP-OH macromonomers onto a commercial EAA copolymer made by the high-pressure free radical process. The starting EAA copolymer contains 11 wt % of EAA units and has a significant amount of long chain branches. Therefore, the EAA-cb-aPP copolymers can be classified as hyperbranched. Room temperature atomic force microscopy and X-ray scattering measurements reveal strong, finely textured, phase segregation of the amorphous aPP and semicrystalline EAA domains, which persists in the melt state. The amorphous aPP side chains have an unexpected nucleating effect that facilitates crystallization of the EAA backbone, as evidenced by an increase in crystallization temperature. Moreover, phase segregation has a strong effect on both the linear and nonlinear viscoelastic response of the copolymers. Increases in both the branching density and branch chain length result in an improvement...
Safety Climate as an Indicator and Predictor of Safety Performance: A Case Study

This study compared and objectively gauged the safety climate in the manufacturing facilities (high safety performing vs. low safety performing) to identify the most impactful areas to focus to reduce or prevent workplace injuries. In order to accomplish the study objective, we employed the Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50) consisted of 50 items across seven dimensions. A total of 116 operations employees in the paper laminate manufacturing completed the survey. The two sites were both within the United States and had structured the same operations. The results of the comparisons showed that there was a significant difference in the total scores for the sites. The high performance site had significantly higher NOSACQ-50 scores than the underperforming site in all dimensions. The high performing site had the greater safety climate scores in the area of “management safety priority & ability”. The underperforming site recorded comparatively lower scores in the areas of “management safety empowerment”, “group safety priority”, and “worker safety commitment”. We provided the recommendations of three focus areas: commitment, involvement, and accountability. The outcomes from this study could be useful to apply resources and focus to the appropriate areas in order to make safety improvements. In turn, improving safety climate can have positive impacts on increasing employee safety while improving the viability of the organization.
Lessons from early Earth: UV surface radiation should not limit the habitability of active M star systems

The closest potentially habitable worlds outside our Solar system orbit a different kind of star than our Sun: smaller red dwarf stars. Such stars can flare frequently, bombarding their planets with biologically damaging high-energy UV radiation, placing planetary atmospheres at risk of erosion and bringing the habitability of these worlds into question. However, the surface UV flux on these worlds is unknown. Here we show the first models of the surface UV environments of the four closest potentially habitable exoplanets: Proxima-b, TRAPPIST-1e, Ross-128b, and LHS-1140b assuming different atmospheric compositions, spanning Earth-analogue to eroded and anoxic atmospheres and compare them to levels for Earth throughout its geological evolution. Even for planet models with eroded and anoxic atmospheres, surface UV radiation remains below early Earth levels, even during flares. Given that the early Earth was inhabited, we show that UV radiation should not be a limiting factor for the habitability of planets orbiting M stars. Our closest neighbouring worlds remain intriguing targets for the search for life beyond our Solar system.
Positive versus negative comparison in advertisements: the affect priming perspective

AbstractComparison valence is an important element in comparative advertising. In this research, we investigated how comparison valence influences advertising effectiveness and explored the role of...
Microfluidic assessment of metastatic potential

A microfluidic assay that quantifies the abundance and degree of proliferation of migratory cells predicts the metastatic potential of breast-cancer cell lines and patient-derived cells.
The Gene Expression Deconvolution Interactive Tool (GEDIT): Accurate Cell Type Quantification from Gene Expression Data

Abstract The cell type composition of heterogeneous tissue samples can be a critical variable in both clinical and laboratory settings. However, current experimental methods of cell type quantification (e.g. cell flow cytometry) are costly, time consuming and can introduce bias. Computational approaches that infer cell type abundance from expression data offer an alternate solution. While these methods have gained popularity, most are limited to predicting hematopoietic cell types and do not produce accurate predictions for stromal cell types. Many are also limited to particular platforms, whether RNA-Seq or specific microarray models. To overcome these limitations, we present the Gene Expression Deconvolution Interactive Tool, or GEDIT. Using simulated and experimental data, we demonstrate that GEDIT produces accurate results for both stromal and hematopoietic cell types. Moreover, GEDIT is capable of producing inputs using RNA-Seq data, microarray data, or a combination of the two. Finally, we provide reference data from 7 sources spanning a wide variety of stromal and hematopoietic types. GEDIT also accepts user submitted reference data, thus allowing deconvolution of any cell type, provided that accurate reference data is available. Author Summary The Gene Expression Deconvolution Interactive Tool (GEDIT) is a software tool that uses gene expression data to estimate cell type abundances. The tool accepts expression data collected from blood or tissue samples and sequenced using either RNA-Seq or microarray technology. GEDIT also requires reference data describing the expression profile of purified cell types. Several reference matrices are provided with this publication and on the tool’s website (webtools.mcdb.ucla.edu), and the user also has the option to supply their own. The tool then applies a linear regression to predict which cell types are present in the tissue sample, and in what proportions. GEDIT applies several novel techniques and outperforms other tools on test data.
In an Age of Heritage Signs, Encouraging Archaeological Sites to be Cosmopolitan Canopies

To mark history, governments authorize the erecting of markers, signs on the landscape meant to inform. While historical markers have a long tradition for identifying places with significant events and people, there has been an expansion on what and how to mark places and their heritage. Signs capture the attention and provide information for those interested in learning about where they are at the moment. They are in-situ teaching tools, open to anyone able to interpret the heritage for broad audiences, and can encourage places for cosmopolitanism, canopies for people to learn about the past and each other.
Neo-adjuvant infusion Cisplatin, 5-FU and high-dose leucovorin for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN): high rates of complete response (CR) and definitive radiotherapy as primary site management

The role of Neo-Adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with advanced SCCHN remains controversial. While results from randomized trials of Neo-Adjuvant therapy have confirmed an association between response and treatment outcome, an improvement in survival has not been reported. Critical review of latter studies however, reveals flaws which limit the value of their findings [1]. An improvement in the survival of patients who receive Neo-Adjuvant therapy for SCCHN may not be confirmed until the rate of CR is consistently over 50 % and local-regional treatment is optimal [1].
Chicago's Other Skyscrapers: Grain Elevators and the City, 1838-1957

More than one hundred major structures for warehousing grain were built in Chicago between the city’s founding decade and the 1960s. These were vital to the city’s status as a transportation and fi...
Galaxies in a Simulated $\Lambda$CDM Universe II: Observable Properties and Constraints on Feedback

We compare the properties of galaxies that form in a cosmological simulation without strong feedback to observations at z=0. We confirm previous findings that models without strong feedback overproduce the observed galaxy baryonic mass function, especially at the low and high mass extremes. Through post-processing we investigate what kinds of feedback would be required to reproduce observed galaxy masses and star formation rates. To mimic an extreme form of "preventive" feedback (e.g., AGN radio mode) we remove all baryonic mass that was originally accreted via "hot mode" from shock-heated gas. This does not bring the high mass end of the galaxy mass function into agreement with observations because much of the stellar mass in these systems formed at high redshift from baryons that originally accreted via "cold mode" onto lower mass progenitors. An efficient "ejective" feedback mechanism, such as supernova driven winds, must reduce the masses of these progenitors. Feedback must also reduce the masses of lower mass z=0 galaxies, which assemble at lower redshifts and have much lower star formation rates. If we monotonically re-map galaxy masses to reproduce the observed mass function, but retain the simulation's predicted star formation rates, we obtain fairly good agreement with the observed sequence of star-forming galaxies but fail to recover the observed population of passive, low star formation rate galaxies. Suppressing all hot mode accretion improves agreement for high mass galaxies but worsens the agreement at intermediate masses. Reproducing these z=0 observations requires a feedback mechanism that dramatically suppresses star formation in a fraction of galaxies, increasing with mass, while leaving star formation rates of other galaxies essentially unchanged.
Impact of early aggressive fluid resuscitation in acute pancreatitis

Abstract Background/Objectives Acute pancreatitis management guidelines recommend early aggressive hydration to improve clinical outcomes. We aim to evaluate the influence of early fluid therapy (total intravenous fluids in the first 24 h [IVF/24hrs]) on clinical outcomes in patients with acute pancreatitis. Methods This was a retrospective chart review of all patients admitted for acute pancreatitis between July 2011 to December 2015. IVF/24hrs was categorized into 3 groups according to tertiles. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate predictors of persistent organ failure and in-hospital mortality. Results A total of 310 patients were included: Conservative (IVF/24hrs Conclusions More aggressive early IVF therapy in a predominantly mild acute pancreatitis cohort, was not associated with improvement in persistent organ failure, length of hospital stay, or in-hospital mortality.
Use of Amlodipine in Psittacine Birds: 5 Cases (2010–2018)

Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker shown to be effective in lowering blood pressure with minimal adverse effects in mammals. To provide a retrospective evaluation of amlodipine use in psittacine birds, medical records were reviewed for all avian patients prescribed amlodipine for treatment for the presumptive diagnosis of hypertension, based on clinical signs and indirect blood pressure measurements. Five birds were treated with amlodipine between 2010 and 2018. The median age was 33 years (range, 22–37 years) and 3/5 birds presented for ataxia or seizures. The median indirect systolic blood pressure at diagnosis was 243 mm Hg (range, 200–275 mm Hg). In 3/5 birds, amlodipine was the only drug prescribed, whereas, in 2/5 birds, enalapril was also prescribed in addition to amlodipine. In addition to the prescription of enalapril, blood pressure measurements were obtained indirectly, which are variables to be considered in this report. The initial median dose of amlodipine prescribed was 0.4 mg/kg (range, 0.1–0.4 mg/kg) PO q24h. In 3/5 birds, amlodipine administration was increased either in dose or frequency. Median follow-up time was 25 months (range, 2–55 months) after the initiation of amlodipine treatment. Owners in all 5 cases reported improvement of clinical signs by a median time of 2 months (range, 1–15 months). Three of 5 birds (60%) demonstrated a decreasing trend in blood pressure during the first 6 months after treatment with amlodipine was started (average, ≥20% decrease). Prospective, controlled studies are needed to investigate the efficacy of amlodipine in psittacine birds.
Positive emotion dysregulation and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: Investigating the role of anxiety sensitivity

Abstract Objective Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are prevalent and deleterious among individuals who have experienced a sexual assault. Although an emerging field of research has established a link between positive emotion dysregulation and PTSD symptoms, there is a limited understanding of mechanisms underlying this relation. Individuals who have experienced a sexual assault may begin to fear any arousal-related sensations via stimulus generalization, including that associated with positive emotions, which, in turn, may amplify PTSD symptoms. Thus, the current study examined the role of anxiety sensitivity in the association between positive emotion dysregulation and PTSD symptoms. Methods A sample of 500 community members reporting a history of sexual assault (Mage = 34.54, 54.4% male, 79.0% white) completed measures of positive emotion dysregulation, anxiety sensitivity, and PTSD symptoms. Results Findings detected a significant indirect effect of anxiety sensitivity in the relation between positive emotion dysregulation and PTSD symptoms (β = 0.28, SE = 0.03, 95% CI [0.22, 0.34]). Supplementary analyses revealed that effects held for subscales of anxiety sensitivity (i.e., cognitive, physical, social concerns) and PTSD symptom clusters (i.e., intrusions, avoidance, negative alternations in cognitions and mood, alternations in arousal and reactivity). Conclusions This study offers preliminary empirical support for the assertion that fear of arousal-related sensations associated with positive emotions may partially explain the link between positive emotion dysregulation and PTSD symptoms among those who have experienced a sexual assault. Information from this study could advance future research and treatment.
Review of Research Related to Quality of Work Life (QWL) Programs

This chapter is designed to review the research related to quality of work life (QWL) programs. There are many QWL programs. We discuss some of them in terms of two major categories: QWL programs that affect work-related role identities and QWL programs that impact non-work identities. QWL programs related to work life are further categorized into four major groups: programs related to the work environment, programs related to job facets, programs related to management/supervisory duties and responsibilities, and programs related to corporate policies dealing with employee pay and promotion. QWL programs that promote non-work role identities and need satisfaction are grouped in three categories. The first is alternative work arrangements, the second is components of employee’s compensation package, and the third is ancillary programs. We explain the effectiveness of these QWL program in terms of overall employees’ well-being or quality of life (QOL).
Dynamic MRI scan plane control for passive tracking of instruments and devices

This paper describes a novel image-based method for tracking robotic mechanisms and interventional devices during Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI)-guided procedures. It takes advantage of the multi-planar imaging capabilities of MRI to optimally image a set of localizing fiducials for passive motion tracking in the image coordinate frame. The imaging system is servoed to adaptively position the scan plane based on automatic detection and localization of fiducial artifacts directly from the acquired image stream. This closed-loop control system has been implemented using an open-source software framework and currently operates with GE MRI scanners. Accuracy and performance were evaluated in experiments, the results of which are presented here.