cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Altered distribution of mitochondria impairs calcium homeostasis in rat hippocampal neurons in culture

The specificity of Ca2+ signals is conferred in part by limiting changes in cytosolic Ca2+ to subcellular domains. Mitochondria play a major role in regulating Ca2+ in neurons and may participate in its spatial localization. We examined the effects of changes in the distribution of mitochondria on NMDA-induced Ca2+ increases. Hippocampal cultures were treated with the microtubule-destabilizing agent vinblastine, which caused the mitochondria to aggregate and migrate towards one side of the neuron. This treatment did not appear to decrease the energy status of mitochondria, as indicated by a normal membrane potential and pH gradient across the inner membrane. Moreover, electron microscopy showed that vinblastine treatment altered the distribution but not the ultrastructure of mitochondria. NMDA (200 µm, 1 min) evoked a greater increase in cytosolic Ca2+ in vinblastine-treated cells than in untreated cells. This increase did not result from impaired Ca2+ efflux, enhanced Ca2+ influx, opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore or altered function of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores. Ca2+ uptake into mitochondria was reduced by 53% in vinblastine-treated cells, as reported by mitochondrially targeted aequorin. Thus, the distribution of mitochondria maintained by microtubules is critical for buffering Ca2+ influx. A subset of mitochondria close to a Ca2+ source may preferentially regulate Ca2+ microdomains, set the threshold for Ca2+-induced toxicity and participate in local ATP production.
The Social Context of Natural Capital: The Social Limits to Sustainable Development

Examines the impact of humans on the Earth, and how natural resources are related to economic wellbeing. Links evolution and increases in population to natural causes. Discusses the co‐evolution of nature and society, and the unsustainable system that humans have created. Shows how incompatible a market economy is with the preservation of the environment and biodiversity. Concludes that nature will have an impact on policy and cites some examples of this in the USA.
Distributed battery energy storage system architecture with energy sharing control for charge balancing

This paper presents a distributed battery energy storage architecture where the cells in the battery pack are decoupled from each other by connecting each cell with a lower power (smaller) DC-DC power converter. In addition to providing voltage regulation for the DC bus, these small DC-DC power converters are utilized to achieve state of charge (SOC) balancing among the cells by employing a proposed charge balancing controller that is based on energy sharing concept. As a result, no additional charge balancing circuits and controllers are needed in order to transfer charges between the cells of the battery pack. A system simulation model based on the proposed energy storage system architecture is developed in Matlab®/Simulink® in order to verify the feasibility and functionality of the proposed charge balancing controller.
Migraine and tension-type headache An assessment of challenges in diagnosis

The difficulty in distinguishing episodic tension-type headache from migraine headache is widely acknowledged. The misdiagnosis of migraine as tension-type headache has potentially significant consequences because it may preclude patients with disabling headaches from receiving appropriate treatment. This article explores the symptomatologic, epidemiologic, and pathophysiologic relationships among migraine and tension-type headaches with the aim of elucidating ways to improve their diagnosis and treatment. Clinical, epidemiologic, and pharmacologic data converge to suggest that rigid adherence to the IHS criteria in diagnosing migraine and tension-type headache may result in misdiagnosis of some headaches. Many migraine attacks are accompanied by tension headache-like symptoms, such as neck pain. Conversely, IHS-defined tension-type headaches are often accompanied by migraine-like symptoms, such as photophobia or phonophobia and aggravation by activity. The health-care provider caring for patients with headache should be cognizant of these overlaps and their implications for the management of patients with headache.
Post-discharge insomnia symptoms are associated with quality of life impairment among survivors of acute lung injury

Abstract Introduction Sleep disturbance is common during critical illness, yet little is known about its prevalence or role in post-discharge quality of life among high-risk acute lung injury (ALI) patients. Methods In a prospective cohort of 61 mechanically ventilated ALI patients, we examined the association between insomnia symptoms and quality of life six months after discharge. Subjects completed surveys rating quality of life (MOS SF-36), post-traumatic stress disorder (PCL), and depression (PHQ-9). Using an individual item from the PCL, we defined insomnia symptoms as moderate or greater trouble falling or staying asleep in the past month. We performed multivariable linear regression to examine the association between insomnia symptoms and SF-36 physical and mental component summary scores, adjusting for PTSD and depression. Results Forty subjects (85% of eligible) completed six-month questionnaires; 20 (50%) met criteria for insomnia symptoms. After adjustment for PTSD and depression, insomnia symptoms remained significantly associated with worse physical component summary scores (adjusted mean difference=−8.8; 95% CI: −15.0, −2.5; P Conclusions Post-discharge insomnia symptoms were common and significantly associated with physical quality of life impairment among six-month ALI survivors, even after adjustment for PTSD and depression symptoms. Further studies are needed to validate these results and to characterize sleep disturbance after ALI using sleep-specific metrics.
Web-based and agent-based approaches for collaborative product design: an overview

A number of emerging technologies including CSCW, distributed objects, intelligent agents, internet and web based technologies have been proposed to implement collaborative product design systems, while web-based and agent-based approaches are dominant in this area. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of applications of the Web and Agent technologies to collaborative product design, and discusses the opportunities as well as challenges in this exciting research area.
Too Many Cooks Spoil the Profits: Investment Club Performance

The financial press makes frequent and bold claims regarding the performance of investment clubs. One oft quoted figure from a National Association of Investment Club survey states that 60 percent of investment clubs beat the market. Are these claims myth or reality? We analyze the common stock investment performance of 166 investment clubs using account data from a large discount broker from February 1991 to January 1997. We document that the average club earned an annualized geometric mean return of 14.1 percent, while a market index returned 17.9 percent. In addition, 60 percent of the clubs we analyze underperform the index. Not only did the average club fail to beat the market, it failed to match the performance of the average individual investor, who earned 16.4 percent during our sample period. There are two reasons for the poor performance of investment clubs relative to individuals during our sample period -- trading costs and investment style. Despite having roughly similar account sizes, clubs execute smaller trades and hold more stocks than do individuals. Thus their proportionate cost of trading is higher. These higher proportionate trading costs account for approximately one-third of the clubs? performance shortfall relative to individuals. The remaining two-thirds of the shortfall are accounted for by investment style. Relative to individuals, clubs tilt more toward large stocks and growth stocks. During our sample period, large stocks underperformed small stocks (by 15 basis points per month) and growth stocks underperformed value stocks (by 20 basis points per month). Investment clubs serve many useful functions: They encourage savings. They educate their members about financial matters. They foster friendships and social ties. They entertain. Unfortunately, their investments do not beat the market.
Phases of three-dimensional large N QCD on a continuum torus

It is established by numerical means that continuum large N QCD defined on a three-dimensional torus can exist in four different phases. They are (i) confined phase; (ii) deconfined phase; (iii) small box at zero temperature and (iv) small box at high temperatures.
Incorporation of glucosamine-3H into extracellular γ-globulin by Ehrlich ascites tumor cells

Abstract The incorporation of radioactivity from tritiated glucosamine into glycoproteins was studied in Strong A male mice, with and without Ehrlich ascites tumor. The proteins studied were mouse plasma, ascites fluid, and the extracellular fluid from in vitro incubations of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Of particular interest in the in vivo experiments were the relatively high specific radioactivity of the γ-globulin fraction of the ascites fluid as compared to mouse plasma and that the incorporation of glucosamine- 3 H into the γ-globulin fraction was greatest at 90 hr following inoculation of the tumor. At 66 hr of tumor growth, the radioactivity of the ascites γ-globulin fraction was slightly greater than that of the plasma γ fraction, but it increased to 15 times that of the plasma fraction at 90 hr. Although the specific activity of the ascites γ fraction had decreased markedly by 168 hr of tumor growth, it was still four times that of the plasma fraction. A similar pattern of radioactivity incorporation was observed when Ehrlich ascites tumor cells were incubated with tritiated glucosamine in vitro . The specific activity of the γ-globulin fraction of the extracellular fluid, following incubation with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells obtained from 90 hr of tumor growth, was more than twice that observed with cells from 66 or 168 hr of tumor growth.
Evolving instances of unconstrained binary quadratic programming that challenge a tabu search heuristic

A Tabu Search heuristic for unconstrained binary quadratic programming performs perfectly on a range of random problem instances. A genetic algorithm searches spaces of UBQP instances for instances that challenge the heuristic. The GA's evaluation step compares the performance of the Tabu Search to that of a memetic algorithm on the candidate instance being evaluated. On UBQP instances evolved by the GA, the TS heuristic returns solutions that are inferior to those of the memetic algorithm by significant margins.
Overview and flight-by-flight analysis of trajectory prediction systems using a 2D Galaxy Visualization

A new graphic visualization tool, Trajectory Galaxy Visualization (TrajGalaxyViz) has been developed that significantly enhances analysts' ability to determine the accuracy of flight trajectory predictions, i.e. the anticipated route of an aircraft. The partnership between the Federal Aviation Administration's Conflict Probe Assessment Team (CPAT) and the Software Engineering, Graphics, and Visualization (SEGV) research group at Rowan University has enabled the development of TrajGalaxyViz. TrajGalaxyViz is a system developed in Java that enables CPAT to measure the accuracy of flight trajectory prediction methods as well as perform comparisons of different flight trajectory methodologies. This paper explores the development and implementation of TrajGalaxyViz as well as its integration with a previously developed system, Trajectory Graphical User Interface (TrajGUI). TrajGalaxyViz greatly improves the ability to analyze the voluminous amount of data generated by the evaluation of a new air traffic control system.
Leukoagglutination as a Serological Diagnosis for Avian Lymphomatosis

Abstract THE desirability of a suitable method of serological diagnosis for the avian leukosis complex has long been recognized. Numerous investigations have shown that there is an antibody response in fowls to the agent of avian leukosis. (Johnson, 1945; Olson 1945; Lee, 1942; Kabat and Furth, 1940). However, as yet no practical method of detecting these specific antibodies has been developed. (Stafseth, 1941). It has been demonstrated that animals may produce antibodies against their own tissue, especially if there is a foreign agent closely associated with the tissue against which the antibody is formed. Investigations have suggested that the agent of avian leukosis is closely associated with the blood cells because of the difficulty in obtaining filtrates which are as potent as whole blood. Agglutinins against human white blood cells have been demonstrated by means of tube leukoagglutination and used to differentiate various types of leukemia. (Steinberg and Martin, 1945; Steinberg . . .
Cis-platinum induction chemotherapy in the multi-modality initial treatment of advanced stage IV carcinoma of the head and neck

Twenty-eight previously untreated patients with unresectable and radical radiotherapy incurable advanced stage IV squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck underwent cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) induction chemotherapy followed by radiation with 6500 rad to the primary and 5000 rad to the supraclavicular area given over six weeks. Of the 26 patients completing this regimen, none had a complete remission after DDP alone. Following radiation therapy, 39% of the patients had a total regression of all disease. This modality converted 16 patients to operable candidates. After surgery, 68% of the patients were in complete remission. Survival was significantly correlated (P 5 0.001) with complete disappearance of disease, and surgical intervention was additive to chemotherapy and radiation. Histopathologic staging demonstrated that clinical assessment of residual disease in the neck determined after chemotherapy and radiation of the neck was unreliable. Therefore, radical neck dissection appears indicated in lesions initially staged as N2 and N3 irrespective of the postradiation clinical status of the neck region. Finally, a serious limitation of improved survival duration was the occurrence of disseminated disease in patients whose primary and regional lesions were well controlled. Cancer 51:2168-2174, 1983. HE PRIMARY approach to the treatment of advanced T squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck has focused on varying combinations of surgery and radiation therapy. As methotrexate and more recently cisdiamminedichloroplatinum I1 (DDP) showed activity against recurrent head and neck tumors, a rationale developed to employ chemotherapy in conjunction with radiotherapy and surgery.'-' Such a multimodality program permits each form of therapy to be used to the maximum without significant compounding of toxicity. The current study examined 28 patients who initially presented with advanced, unresectable Stage IV squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The purpose
MUC1 mucin interacts with calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand.

Abstract MUC1 is an integral membrane glycoprotein expressed on epithelial and hematopoietic cells with a COOH-terminus (CT) that mediates intracellular signal transduction. To better understand MUC1-dependent signaling, we searched for proteins binding to its CT using the yeast two-hybrid system with the MUC1 CT as bait and a human epithelial cell cDNA library as prey. Of the six positive clones identified, all encoded calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand (CAML). The MUC1 CT interacted with CAML in transformed yeast cells as revealed by growth on selective media and in situ X-α-galactosidase activity. Binding of the MUC1 CT to CAML in human epithelial cells was confirmed by reciprocal coimmunoprecipitations, confocal microscopy, protein crosslinking, and coupled transcription/translation analyses. By deletion mutagenesis, the NH2-terminus of CAML was responsible for binding to the MUC1 CT. Finally, transfection of cells with plasmids encoding MUC1 and CAML increased intracellular calcium levels compared with cells transfected with either plasmid alone, suggesting a possible biological significance of the MUC1–CAML interaction.
A stochastic model of proliferation of cancer stem cells and its estimation by particle filtering

In this paper, we propose a model for proliferation of cancer stem cells and a procedure for estimating the unknowns of the model. Understanding the proliferation of cancer stem cells is critical for the development of anti-cancer therapies. We propose to use a nonlinear and non-Gaussian state-space model for studying the proliferation process. For estimation of the unknowns we apply particle filtering, which is particularly appropriate given the nature of the model. In addition, we deal with a very large dimension of the state-space and very sparse time series of measurements. Computer simulations show promising results in a simple scenario generated with synthetic data.
Oxygen radical induced mutagenesis is DNA polymerase specific.

Oxygen free radicals are produced in large amounts by normal cellular processes. Damage to DNA by these reactive species has been implicated in mutagenesis and may be important in the etiology of a variety of human diseases. In this study we investigate the types of mutations produced in vitro as a result of DNA damage by oxygen free radicals. We used a lac Zα forward mutation assay in which M13 viral DNA is damaged in vitro , replicated with purified DNA polymerase α or β , transfected into E. coli , and screened for mutations by reduced α -complementation of β -galactosidase activity. By determining the effects of damaged templates on the fidelity of individual DNA polymerases involved in replication and repair, we address the role of specific DNA polymerases in mutagenesis induced by reactive oxygen species. Aerobic incubation of DNA with 100 μ M CuCl, 10 μ M H 2 O 2 and 100 μ M ascorbic acid results in a 3·3-fold and a 3·6-fold elevation in mutation frequency for polymerases α and β , respectively. The specificity and location of the induced mutations, however, are entirely different. For polymerase α , A to C, and C to A transversions and deletions of C are each elevated more than 10-fold over their frequencies on undamaged template. For polymerase β , A to T, C to T, C to A, G to C, and G to T substitutions, and deletions of G are elevated by damage. The frequency of mutants containing two or more closely spaced substitutions is also markedly increased by template damage although the types of mutations and their positions are against specific to each DNA polymerase. We conclude that, for oxidative lesions, the frequency and the types of mutations are determined in part by the DNA polymerase that encounters the site of damage.
Octupole states in deformed actinide nuclei with the interacting boson approximation

Octupole states have been studied systematically in the deformed actinide nuclei ${}^{230}\mathrm{Th},$ ${}^{234,236,238}\mathrm{U},$ ${}^{240}\mathrm{Pu},$ ${}^{246}\mathrm{Cm},$ and ${}^{250}\mathrm{Cf}$ using the interacting boson approximation 1. Parameters for the positive parity cores were set by reproducing data from the ground state and \ensuremath{\gamma}-vibration bands with the extended consistent-$Q$ formalism. A prescription for setting the parameter ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{f}$ systematically was adopted for the calculations of the octupole bands. The ordering of the ${K}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}{=0}^{\ensuremath{-}},$ ${1}^{\ensuremath{-}},$ and ${2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ bands and the behavior of many $E1$ and $E3$ transitions are well reproduced with a narrow range of parameters, particularly when the existence of a $N=164$ subshell gap is assumed. It is predicted that in ${}^{246}\mathrm{Cm}$ and ${}^{250}\mathrm{Cf}$ the ${K}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}{=3}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ octupole states built on the ground state are located above 6 MeV and are strongly fragmented.
Characteristics of the littoral water and weather along the Pacific Coast of Colombia and Ecuador

During September and October, 1937, the author made a reconnaissance by launch from Panama to Guayaquil, along a coast from which meteorological and oceanographic data are extremely scanty. Records were made at a total of 51 stations, mostly within 25 miles of shore but extending to a maximum distance of ±70 miles. Photographic and diagrammatic information were presented relating to the rainfall- and cloud-patterns of the region, and other matters.
Application of electrodeposition processes to advanced package fabrication

Conductors for advanced packaging have thicknesses of the order of 6 microns and aspect ratios that are approaching 1: 1. These requirements are well within the capabilities of electrodeposition technology. The experience of the last decade in using electrodeposition to build thin-film recording heads which have similar and in some respects even more demanding specifications than packaging structures is directly applicable to the needs of packaging. This paper will show the application of resist-pattern plating to fabricating conductors for packaging will discuss the capabilities and limitations of resist-pattern plating plating and will indicate the parameters that need to be understood and controlled for the successful application of electrodeposition technology to microelectronic structures. A multi-level package structure can be considered as a repetition of several conductor and via levels. Each conductor/via level is made by first sputter depositing a seed layer of Cr/Cu in which the Cu is of the order of 2000 A thick. A layer of photoresist is then applied over the seed layer and openings are patterned in the resist to defme the conductor pattern. Electrical contact is now made to the seed layer and the part is immersed in an electroplating solution to deposit Cu in the openings defmed by the resist pattern. The thickness of the deposit is determined by the time and current density of plating the thickness of the photoresist must slightly exceed the desired
Complementary contributions of basic and applied research in human factors and ergonomics

Basic research and applied research are often presented as in opposition in human factors and ergonomics, as well as in science in general. We argue that the two are complementary, as illustrated by the fact that many human factors specialists have advanced the field by conducting both basic and applied research. We describe the work of Paul Fitts, a pioneer in human factors. Although Fitts’ main interest was designing effective interfaces for military aircraft, this interest led him to investigate processes of response-selection and motor control in basic research. For many problems, a multi-method approach that draws on the unique benefits of various research methods is best. Also, researchers who emphasise one approach need to make efforts to understand alternative viewpoints and open lines of communication with those who take other approaches. Increased communication among individuals with diverse backgrounds, interests and training will facilitate advancement of the field.
Assessing High-Temperature Water−Gas Shift Membrane Reactors

A simple two-step microkinetic model for the high-temperature water−gas shift was developed using existing experimental data. This two-step redox model uses only three adjustable parameters, and it is capable of predicting the inhibitory effect of CO2 on the kinetics of the reaction. It was used to simulate the performance of an adiabatic membrane reactor for the water−gas shift where the membrane is based on Pd. The simulations show that excess steam in the feed is desirable to control the adiabatic temperature rise; a 3:1 ratio of steam to carbon monoxide was found to be near optimum. The simulations further suggest that the rate of reaction is the limiting process in the membrane reactor, not the permeation of hydrogen through the membrane. At 90% hydrogen yield, finding a perfect membrane would only reduce the reactor size by 12%, whereas eliminating the inhibitory effect of CO2 would reduce the reactor size by 76%.
Multiple cis-elements mediate the transcriptional activation of human fra-1 by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in bronchial epithelial cells.

Recent studies indicate a potential role for Fra-1, a heterodimeric partner of activator protein 1 (AP1), in toxicant-induced epithelial injury, repair, and cellular transformation. Here, we have investigated the transcriptional regulation of fra-1 by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells, which are the direct targets of inhaled toxins/carcinogens. In contrast to a transient induction by H2O2, TPA persistently activated fra-1 transcription, principally at the transcriptional level. A deletion analysis of the fra-1 promoter revealed that several cis-elements located between –105/+32 and –283/–105 bp mediate minimal and basal promoter activities, respectively. A region between –379 and –283 bp, which harbors a putative TPA response element, a GC box, and an Ets-like binding site, was required for high level TPA-inducible expression. Mutations in any of these cis-elements markedly reduced both basal and TPA-inducible expression. Thus, cooperative interactions between factors binding to multiple cis-elements of the –379/–283 promoter region appear to regulate TPA-induced fra-1 transcription in HBE cells. Consistent with this finding, electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated the formation of multiple complexes consisting of the AP1-, Sp-, and ETS-specific family of transcription factors with the –379/–283 fragment. Members of the AP1 family distinctly regulated the fra-1 promoter. In particular, coexpression of c-Jun, Jun-D, and Fra-2 up-regulated fra-1 transcription. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed an enhanced recruitment of c-Jun, Jun-D, and Fra-2 to the endogenous fra-1 promoter upon TPA stimulation. These results underscore the regulatory role of c-Jun, Jun-D, and Fra-2 in TPA-inducible fra-1 expression in HBE cells in vivo.
Imaginary supergravity or Virial supergravity

When a globally supersymmetric theory is scale invariant, it must possess a Virial supercurrent supermultiplet. The multiplet structure is analogous to the R-current supermultiplet in globally R-symmetric theories but we put extra "i"s in various formulae. We construct a novel type of supergravity from gauging the Virial supercurrent supermultiplet in d=1+3 dimensions. We give the full non-linear superspace action with the help of a covariantly linear unitary superconformal compensator. The resulting supergravity is peculiar: (1) no Einstein-like second order kinetic term is allowed without matter (2) there exists a dynamical non-geometrical connection (3) the metric is unimodular in the Wess-Zumino gauge and can be coupled only to scale invariant matter. Examples of matter couplings and higher derivative kinetic terms are studied from the superconformal approach. Our work completes the classification of the irreducible N=1 supergravities in d=1+3 dimensions.
Fibrolipoma of the cheek in a child

Abstract Fibrolipomas in the oral cavity are infrequent neoplasms. Their occurrence in children is even more unusual. A case of this tumor involving the cheek in a child is reported, and the histogenesis discussed. These lesions represent a variant of lipoma and derive their name from their relative amounts of adipose and fibrous tissue. Knowledge of fatty tumors in this region is important to all surgeons who operate in and about the oral cavity.
ANTICOAGULATION THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME IN THE INTERMOUNTAIN HEART COLLABORATIVE STUDY

It is unclear what factors determine the use of anticoagulants among patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), in which the use of single (SAPT) or dual (DAPT) antiplatelet therapy is required. We retrospectively evaluated clinical factors associated with in-hospital and post-
Evidence for two protein kinases associated with the surface membranes of L-929 cells

Abstract L-929 cell surface membranes have been assayed in vitro and found to contain significant protein kinase activity. A steady-state kinetic analysis indicated that at least two distinct protein kinases were present. Plots of reaction velocity ( v ) against substrate (ATP) concentration were distinctly biphasic, as were Lineweaver-Burk plots of 1 v versus 1 ATP . Michaelis constants of the two enzymes were calculated to be 22 and 173 μ m , respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel analysis of the phosphorylated membrane proteins provided additional support for the existence of more than one protein kinase. Different endogenous proteins were phosphorylated at 1 μ m ATP compared to 1 μ m ATP. Further studies of the low K m (22 μ m ) enzyme suggested that it is a typical cyclic 3′,5′-AMP-independent protein kinase. Its activity was dependent on the presence of Mg 2+ , but it was not affected by cyclic 3′,5′-AMP, cyclic 3′,5′-GMP, or the heat-stable inhibitor of cyclic 3′,5′-AMP-dependent protein kinases. ATP and GTP, but not other nucleoside triphosphates, could serve as phosphoryl donor and maximum kinase activity was expressed at pH 7.0. Phosvitin and casein were superior to histones as exogenous substrates for the low K m enzyme.
Fragmentation in the branching coral Acropora palmata (Lamarck): growth, survivorship, and reproduction of colonies and fragments

Acropora palmata, a branching coral abundant on shallow reef environments throughout the Caribbean, is susceptible to physical disturbance caused by storms. Accordingly, the survivorship and propagation of this species are tied to its capability to recover after fragmentation. Fragments of A. palmata comprised 40% of ramets within populations that had experienced recent storms. While the survivorship of A. palmata fragments was not directly related to the size of fragments, removal of fragments from areas where they settled was influenced by size. Survivorship of fragments was also affected by type of substratum; the greatest mortality (58% loss within the first month) was observed on sand, whereas fragments placed on top of live colonies of A. palmata fused to the underlying tissue and did not experience any losses. Fragments created by Hurricane Andrew on a Florida reef in August 1992 began developing new growth (proto-branches) 7 months after the storm. The number of proto-branches on fragments was dependent on size, but growth was not affected by the size of fragments. Growth-rates of proto-branches increased exponentially with time (1.7 cm year−1 for 1993–1994, 2.7 cm year−1 for 1994–1995, 4.2 cm year−1 for 1995–1996, and 6.5 cm year−1 for 1996–1997), taking over 4 years for proto-branches to achieve rates comparable to those of adult colonies on the same reef (6.9 cm year−1). In addition to the initial mortality and reduced growth-rates, fragmentation resulted in a loss of reproductive potential. Neither colonies that experienced severe fragmentation nor fragments contained gametes until 4 years after the initial damage. Although A. palmata may survive periodic fragmentation, the long-term effects of this process will depend ultimately on the balance between the benefits and costs of this process.
Equilibrium Constant for Water Dimerization: Analysis of the Partition Function for a Weakly Bound System

The treatment of dissociative states in the calculation of the partition function of a weakly bound system, such as the water dimer, is discussed. For a dissociative system, the number of phase-space configurations that contribute to the total partition function from energies above the dissociation energy depend upon the system volume. For a sufficiently large system volume, entropy from these confiurations will dominate over the energy contribution of the local minimum and contributions from dissociative states will dominate the total partition function. The calculation of the dimer partition function requires limiting the phase space of the cluster or providing a definition of those phase space points that correspond to a dimer. Since there is no unique procedure to constrain the phase space of a dimer, we provide an analysis of the dimer partition function using different constraints. For the water dimer at temperatures in the range 200-500 K, the value of the dimer partition function changes by up to 3 orders of magnitude with variations of the constraint.
Effect of Tai Chi on Cognitive Performance in Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

OBJECTIVES Summarize and critically evaluate research on the effects of Tai Chi on cognitive function in older adults.
Mass Differences among Male Mangabey Monkeys Inhabiting Logged and Unlogged Forest Compartments

: Remedies for reduction in primate numbers following rainforest habitat disturbance must incorporate understanding of how disturbance affects population biology. Between July 1996 and July 1998, I captured 31 adult male grey cheeked mangabeys ( Lophocebus albigena) from groups occupying logged and unlogged forest in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Captured males were weighed, measured, fitted with radiocollars, and radiotracked three to five times a week. Males from groups in the unlogged forest were significantly heavier than males from the logged forest. Males that immigrated into the study groups were significantly lighter than resident males in unlogged forest, but they did not differ in mass from males in logged forest. I tested hypotheses that these differences were due to differences in age, skeletal size, and tissue mass. Results support the hypothesis that differences are due to differences in tissue mass. Results of further tests showed that differences in tissue mass were explained more by differences in habitat type than by rates of male turnover. There was no evidence to suggest that differences in tissue mass were related to differences in costs of travel, crowding, or seasonal variation in habitat quality. My results suggest that selective logging may affect primate biomass, although these changes may or may not be reflected in estimates of primate density. Resumen: Los remedios contra la reduccion en el numero de primates posterior a la perturbacion de habitat de bosque lluvioso deberian incorporar conocimientos acerca de la manera en que las perturbaciones afectan la biologia poblacional. Capture 31 adultos machos del mono mangabey de mejilla gris ( Lophocebus albigena) entre julio de 1996 y julio de 1998 pertenecientes a grupos que ocupan bosques talados y no talados del Parque Nacional Kibale. Los machos capturados fueron pesados y medidos, se les colocaron radiocollares y fueron radio-monitoreados 3-5 veces por semana. Los machos de los grupos en bosques no talados eran significativamente mas pesados que los machos del bosque talado. Los machos que inmigraron hacia los grupos de estudio eran significativamente mas livianos que los machos residentes en bosques no talados, pero no difirieron en peso de los machos de bosque talado. Probe la hipotesis de que estas diferencias se debian a diferencias de edad, tamano del esqueleto y masa de tejido. Los resultados apoyan la hipotesis de que las diferencias se deben a diferencias en la masa de tejido. Los resultados de otras pruebas mostraron que las diferencias en la masa del tejido se explicaban mas por diferencias en el tipo de habitat, que por tasas de reemplazo de los machos. No hubo evidencia que sugiriera que las diferencias en masa del tejido se relacionan con las diferencias en los costos de viaje, hacinamiento, o variacion estacional en la calidad del habitat. Mis resultados sugieren que la tala selectiva puede afectar la biomasa de primates, aun cuando estos cambios pueden o no ser reflejados en las estimaciones de densidad de primates.
The preparation of organolithium compounds by the transmetalation reaction IX. Benzyllithium

Abstract : The systhesis of ferrocenyllithium was undertaken by the transmetalation reaction using ferrocenylmercuric chloride (I) as the starting material. The reacion of I with phenyllithium in ether solution, followed by carbonation gave ferrocenecarboxylic acid and benzoic acd. Similar results were obtained in ether-tetrahydrofuran mixtures. The transmetalation went practically to completion when ethyllithium was used in place of phenyllithium. In another experiment, I and ethyllithium (1:2.5 mol-ratio) were mixed, and solid triphenylchlorosilane was added after 1 hr. Ferrocenyltriphenylsilane was isolated in 66% yield as well as ferrocene in 8% yield. Evidence of some dilithiated product was found when the I-ethyllithium reaction mixture was treated with benzophenone.
Spectral analysis and adaptive array superresolution techniques

Recent nonlinear "superresolution" techniques reported in the field of spectral analysis are of great interest in other fields as well, including radio-frequency (RF) adaptive array antenna systems. This paper is primarily a "cross-fertilization" treatise which takes the two most popular nonlinear techniques, the Burg maximum entropy method and the maximum likelihood method, and relates them to their similar nonlinear adaptive array antenna counterparts, which consist of the generic sidelobe canceller and directional gain constraint techniques. The comparison analysis permits an examination of their principles of operation from the antenna spatial pattern viewpoint, and helps to qualify, their actual superresolution performance. A summary of the resolution performance of several adaptive algorithms against multiple-incoherent sources is provided, including a universal graph of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) versus source separation in beamwidths for the case of two equal-strength sources. Also, a significant dividend in the easy resolution of unequal-strength sources is reported. The superresolution of coherent spatial sources or radar targets is more difficult for these techniques, but successful results have been obtained whenever sufficient relative motion or "Doppler cycles" are available. Two alternate adaptive spatial spectrum estimators are suggested, consisting of a circular array predicting to its center point, and a new "thermal noise" algorithm.
Transmission of a tobacco necrosis virus by Olpidium brassicae

Abstract Olpidium brassicae (Wor.) Dang. reproduced better in the roots of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) at 10–16 ° than at 22 or 27 ° and better in tobacco necrosis virus (TNV)-free than in TNV-infected roots. After exposure to Olpidium and TNV the first new TNV in roots was detected after 8 hours at 19 or 22 ° and after 12 hours at 13 °, but after 4–7 days more TNV was detected at 10, 13, or 16 ° than at 22 ° or 27 °. Roots of 3- or 7-day-old lettuce plants were more susceptible to both Olpidium and TNV than roots of 12- or 19-day-old plants. Fifteen lettuce varieties differed greatly in susceptibility to Olpidium; the roots of most varieties reacted necrotically to TNV. TNV infection decreased Olpidium reproduction more in the necrotic-reacting variety ‘Climax’ than in the nonnecrotic-reacting variety ‘Dark Green Cos.’ TNV was transmitted with as few as 58 Olpidium zoospores per milliliter; with about 105 zoospores per milliliter TNV was transmitted from solutions so dilute that no lesions were produced by mechanical assay on leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Additional evidence supporting the hypothesis that Olpidium is the vector of TNV was provided by two kinds of experiments. Filtration experiments showed that removal of Olpidium zoospores from suspensions of zoospores plus TNV gave TNV-containing filtrates that did not transmit TNV to lettuce roots. Olpidium and TNV were found to infect the same parts of lettuce roots.
29.2: Flexible Glass Substrates for Organic TFT Active Matrix Electrophoretic Displays

Flexible glass substrates enable high-quality device fabrication through unique properties such as very low surface roughness and thermal and dimensional stability. As an initial step toward roll-to-roll manufacturing of active matrix displays, this paper describes the structure and performance of organic TFT backplane electrophoretic displays fabricated on flexible glass substrates.
The Differences in the Vapor Pressures and Entropies of the Liquid Nitrogens

The differences in the thermodynamic properties of liquid nitrogen (14) and liquid nitrogen (15) are discussed on the basis of several Debye‐like models. The quantum mechanical effects are found to be greater than one could expect from an harmonic oscillator model. Other factors affecting these properties are considered.
Nature of the energy dependent self energy for photoelectrons in copper

Abstract New high resolution ultraviolet photoemission energy distributions (EDCs) from copper are found to agree best with the calculations of Williams et al. , using the Chodorow potential, if an energy dependent shift is made between the experimental and calculated EDCs. It is argued that this shift is most probably due to an energy dependent self energy as discussed by Lundqvist and others.
In vitro evidence that commercial influenza vaccines are not similar in their ability to activate human T cell responses

We evaluated three commercial trivalent inactivated vaccines (TIVs) from the 2007-2008 season in terms of their ability to elicit in vitro T cell responses. T cell-mediated immunity may offer a more cross-reactive vaccine approach for the prevention of pandemic or epidemic influenza. Human cytotoxic T cell lines demonstrated differences in matrix protein 1 and nucleocapsid protein recognition of autologous target cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with each of the TIVs showed statistically significant differences between the vaccines in the numbers of IFNgamma producing cells activated. These data suggest that TIV vaccines are not similar in their ability to activate human T cell responses.
Career stage and cynicism among police chiefs

This paper tests the career stage model of cynicism among police chiefs developed by Crank, Regoli, and Culbertson (1986). Data were derived from questionnaire responses of 1120 police chiefs selected by a national survey using a stratified random sampling procedure. We used canonical factor regression to assess the Niederhoffer cynicism index for latent structure. We identified three latent dimensions of cynicism. A congruency analysis of the factor structure provided evidence for the stability of cynicism measures across research settings. When various theoretically salient variables were inserted as controls, however, the finding of Crank et al. (1986) was not supported, i.e., that cynicism is highest for police chiefs during the early years of their tenure and decreases gradually with experience. Instead we detected a curvilinear relationship between measures of police chiefs' cynicism and career stage.
Optical data timing skews in on-chip optical WDM interconnects

Micro-cavity induced optical data timing skews (ODTS) in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) on-chip optical interconnect are investigated. In a 10 Gb/s non-return-to-zero (NRZ) WDM system, potentially 28 ps timing skews can be induced by the linewidth non-uniformities among the ring-resonator-based devices, which leads to 3.75 dB signal eye opening penalty. It is shown the coupled type filter structure can help reduce optical data timing skews.
Chaos and nonlinear optics: a chaotic Raman attractor

We consider a "chaotic Raman attractor" as an example of the type of chaotic behavior that may occur in nonlinear optics.
Malebranche's “Vision in God”

Of Malebranche's many famous doctrines, his “Vision in God” (VIG) surely ranks among the most interesting. Inspired by Augustine and Descartes, he argues for it vigorously and gives it a prominent place in his system of thought. And although it won no converts it did win many critics, who, in criticizing, were compelled to clarify their own theories of cognition. Thus VIG is of interest for its own sake, for its role in Malebranche's philosophy, and for its general influence in the early modern period.
Reference-point and blending in Korean non-nominative subject constructions

This article examines three types of Korean constructions: case stacking and two types of non-nominative subject constructions. Relying on an independently established descriptive construct known as reference-point, I argue that the complex forms of these constructions reflect their meanings and functions. I further argue that the reference-point-based analysis of these constructions offers a unified account of a substantial range of phenomena when it is combined with the notion of conceptual and constructional blending. In providing technical analyses of the phenomena, I adopt the Cognitive Grammar (CG) framework. To justify the choice of the theoretical framework of my analysis, I examine the crucial role of spatial semantics in the said constructions, which is viewed as the primary factor underlying the distribution of case marking in CG. I then demonstrate that my CG-based analysis yields a natural explanation of the constructions both intuitively and theoretically.
Efficiency and Advantages of Calcium Gluconate as a Therapeutic Agent.

Conclusion1. Since on the basis of the experience of many investigators of parathyroid tetany it is possible to state that the average period of survival of complete parathyroidectomy in dogs is about 3-5 days, we feel justified in concluding that calcium gluconate (Sandoz) is fully as efficient in preserving the lives of cornpletely parathyroidectomized dogs, in equimolecular doses, as is calcium lactate. 2. In comparing the experience of investigators using calcium lactate for the control of tetany with ours, it seems warranted to state that calcium gluconate in the doses administered appears to have a more marked tendency to produce a severe diarrhea in parathyroidectomized dogs than does calcium lactate. This effect may offset the advantage of tastelessness as compared with bitter calcium lactate. 3. We are able to confirm the finding of Rothlin, and others that calcium gluconate is practically non-irritating when administered subcutaneously and intramuscularly, whereas calcium lactate in equivalent e...
Confessions of a chagrined trialist

As a clinical trialist, I had thought that the methods I employed were far more challenging than those I had thought were needed for quality improvement. However, some personal experiences and participation in the Cliveden conference led me to a new appreciation of the methodological and conceptual challenges faced by those trying to improve medical systems.
Web Advertising: Sexual Content on eBay

Abstract Trust is an essential ingredient for commercial success on the Web. “Shopping aggregator” websites such as eBay provide a mechanism for measuring trust in the vendor in the form of online shoppers' positive feedback ratings. This real-world experiment conducted on eBay demonstrates that although coupled with a very high trust rating, the inclusion of an explicitly sexual illustration in shopping aggregator gallery listings dramatically increases auction traffic but in most cases reduces the dollar amount of the winning auction bid, thereby lowering the return to the seller. Traffic increase but lower selling price resulted even for products that could arguably use a sexual appeal (although these products were targeted to women).