cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modulation of Transforming Growth Factor-β Production in Normal Human Osteoblast-Like Cells by 17β-Estradiol and Parathyroid Hormone

Although our laboratory has reported that normal human osteoblast-like (hOB) cells contain estrogen receptors, we have failed to find major effects of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) on modulation of proliferation of bone matrix protein production by hOB cells. Because the major effect of E2 in vivo is to decrease bone resorption and because transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) has been reported to decrease osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, we have tested the hypothesis that the effect of E2 on osteoclast activity is, at least in part, indirectly mediated by enhancing production of TGF-beta by osteoblasts. We therefore have extended our studies to examine possible TGF-beta gene expression including the modulation of the release of TGF-beta by E2 in near homogenous populations of hOB cells. TGF-beta protein production was measured using growth inhibition of CCL-64 cells and verified by blocking effects with anti-TGF-beta antibodies. TGF-beta 1 messenger RNA (mRNA) steady state levels were assessed by northern blot analysis and quantitated by densitometric measurement using 18S ribosomal RNA as a reference. There was an E2 dose-dependent increase in TGF-beta protein production within 24 h of challenge with E2. Northern blots from these cells demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in steady state mRNA levels of TGF-beta 1 within 6 h of treatment. PTH was also a potent stimulator of TGF-beta protein and message levels in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, coincubation of equimolar concentrations of E2 and PTH (10(-8) M) abrogated the stimulation of TGF-beta 1 mRNA and protein. Decreasing the relative concentration of PTH in this coincubation with E2 increased TGF-beta 1 mRNA and protein levels. These data support the fact that E2 modulates TGF-beta production in osteoblasts. In this manner TGF-beta may mediate E2 inhibition of osteoclast activity.
Selection for group-level efficiency leads to self-regulation of population size

In general, a population will grow until a limiting factor, such as resource availability, is reached. However, increased task efficiency can also regulate the size of a population during task development. Through the use of digital evolution, we demonstrate that the evolution of a group-level task, requiring a small number of individuals, can cause a population to self-regulate its size, even in the presence of abundant energy. We also show that as little as a 1% transfer of energy from a parent group to its offspring produces significantly better results than no energy transfer. A potential application of this result is the configuration and management of real-world distributed agent-based systems.
3D-resolved targeting of photodynamic therapy using temporal focusing

A method for selectively inducing apoptosis in tumor nodules is presented, with close-to-cellular level resolution, using 3D-resolved widefield temporal focusing illumination. Treatment times on the order of seconds were achieved using Verteporfin as the photosensitizer, with doses of 30 μg ml−1 and below. Results were achieved on both 2D and 3D cell cultures, demonstrating that treatment was possible through approximately one hundred microns of dense tumor nodules.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and trypsin activation in pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis is a complex inflammatory disease that begins with pancreatic injury and expands to involve multiple organs. Ultimately, the systemic rather than the local effects lead to the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. However, in terms of prevention it is important to understand the initiation of the disease, which likely occurs within pancreatic acinar cells. The mechanisms that initiate acute pancreatitis have been the subject of a considerable body of research and are the focus of the article by Singh et al. (1) in the current issue of the JCI. This article provides interesting new insight into pancreatic acinar cell mechanisms responsible for the premature and inappropriate activation of trypsin.
PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS APPROACH TO UPPER URINARY TRACT TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA

Nephroureterectomy with excision of a bladder cuff has been the standard form of treatment of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) since it was established by Kimball and Ferris in 1934. 42 Any technique that is short of total extirpation of the involved upper tract was considered to expose the patient to cancer-related risks because of the multifocality and the high recurrence rate of these tumors. 31,80 As many as two thirds of ureteropelvic tumors may show certain degrees of multiplicity, and less radical surgeries may end up with a urothelial recurrence rate of more than 65%. 2,48 The radical attitude was justified further by the low incidence of bilateral tumors ( 12,26,44,77 Nephroureterectomy, however, is a major operation that may not be tolerated by many patients in the age range in which upper tract TCC is most common (60–80 years of age). 16 The extent of its standard incision also cannot be minimized without compromising its efficiency. 43,46,87,91 Trying to simplify the technique by resecting the ureteral orifice and pulling on the ureter from a single loin incision has been associated with a significant rate of recurrences at the site of the resected orifice. 31 A bigger dilemma was faced when dealing with patients with solitary kidneys—congenital or by a previous nephrectomy—with compromised renal function, or with bilateral urothelial tumors. 10 Nephroureterectomy in these patients would result in an anatomic or functional anephric state, leading to chronic hemodialysis. 80 Long-term hemodialysis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with a 5-year survival rate of only 19% in patients 65 to 74 years old. 27 Although the incidence of bilateral TCC is generally low, Balkan nephropathy and occupational exposures are associated more commonly with multiple and bilateral upper urinary tract TCC than are tumors with other causes. 50,89 Balkan nephropathy also is accompanied by a certain degree of renal impairment, and urothelial tumors associated with it are generally of low grade and exhibit an indolent behavior. 65 The previously mentioned circumstances and the possible need for nephrotoxic chemotherapy to control advanced disease raised a big question about how necessary and vital it is to treat every filling defect of the upper urinary system with nephroureterectomy, especially because 50% to 82% of upper tract tumors treated with nephroureterectomy in the different series were low-stage and low-grade (GI-II, Ta-T1). 12,14,15,48,57,69 The behavior of such tumors is usually indolent, and the risk for invasiveness and metastasis is low. 35,37,56,57
Subverting the Venue: A Critical Exhibition of Pre-Columbian Objects at Krannert Art Museum

My temporary exhibition in Krannert Art Museum, The Social Context of Violence in Ancient Peruvian Art (March 27-May 23, 2004), is transgressive and self-critical. While presenting a small number of objects in the university art museum's collection that depict ancient violence (battles, human sacrifice, and trophy head taking), the exhibition simultaneously argues that the objects themselves are the result of violence, specifically to the archaeological record through the act of looting. The exhibition further suggests that the looters are themselves the victims of a failed national economic system that does not enable them to earn a living wage as farmers and of an exploitative international art market that similarly pays them little for objects that become immensely valuable (financially and culturally) once out of the country. Museums, and especially university museums, may be enabling venues for the interrogation of their own hegemonic practices.
Advertising ethics: A contextual response based on classical ethical theory

F. P. Bishop argues that the ethical standard for advertising practitioners must be utilitarian. Indeed, the utilitarian theory of ethics in decision-making has traditionally been the preference of U.S. advertising practitioners. This article, therefore, argues that the U.S. advertising industry's de-emphasis of deontological ethics is a reason for its continuing struggle with unfavorable public perceptions of its ethics — and credibility. The perceptions of four scenarios on advertising ethics and the analyses of the openended responses of 174 members of the American Advertising Federation to those scenarios suggest that advertising practitioners need a stricter adherence to deontological ethics than is indicated in this study.
Reminiscence: diffraction and the mountains of Alaska

Discusses, from a personal point of view, experiments carried out to study the diffraction and propagation of VHF, HF and MF radio waves in the early-mid 1950s in the mountains of Alaska.
Photoassisted Deposition of Silicon Dioxide from Silane and Nitrogen Dioxide

Three new reactions for depositing silicon dioxide at low temperatures using vacuum ultraviolet and ultraviolet radiation to initiate a reaction between silane and nitrogen dioxide have been developed. The optical and electrical properties of these films are reported. The effect of ion implantation on the infrared spectra of oxides grown by vacuum ultraviolet irradiation is also presented.
INTRACELLULAR FATE OF MENGO VIRUS RIBONUCLEIC ACID.

Abstract Homma, M. (The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pa.), and A. F. Graham. Intracellular fate of Mengo virus ribonucleic acid. J. Bacteriol. 89:64–73. 1965.—P32-labeled, purified preparations of Mengo virus adsorbed rapidly and irreversibly to L cells maintained in suspension cultures. At intervals after adsorption of labeled virus, the total ribonucleic acid (RNA) of infected cells was extracted by a phenol technique. Infectivity titrations on this RNA showed that it retained its full biological activity during the early part of the eclipse period. Sucrose gradient sedimentation analyses showed also that this RNA lost none of its structural integrity throughout the eclipse period. No evidence was found for a double-stranded structure involving parental RNA. When cells infected with P32-labeled virus were broken open during the first 7 hr after infection, no more than 20% of the parental RNA could be digested with ribonuclease. Electron microscopy indicated that only one particle in five of the purified viral populations was infectious. It is suggested that only one of five adsorbed virus particles was uncoated and that its RNA remained in the cell in an undegraded form during the eclipse period. The other adsorbed particles were not uncoated and took no part in the process of infection. The maximal transfer of parental RNA to progeny virus was 4.5%.
Retinal Survival Time and Visual Outcome in Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

For over 150 years, characteristic ophthalmoscopic findings of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) are well established; however, there is much confusion in the literature about how long does it take for CRAO to produce irreversible retinal damage. This latter information is of the paramount importance in its management. In the literature, this length of time is based on anecdotal clinical case reports and experimental studies in the rat, cat, rabbit, and squirrel monkey, as summarized elsewhere [1].
Clean Semiprime f-Rings with Bounded Inversion

Abstract An element in a ring is called clean if it may be written as a sum of a unit and idempotent. The ring itself is called clean if every element is clean. Recently,Anderson and Camillo (Anderson,D. D.,Camillo,V. (2002). Commutative rings whose elements are a sum of a unit and an idempotent. Comm. Algebra 30(7):3327–3336) has shown that for commutative rings every von-Neumann regular ring as well as zero-dimensional rings are clean. Moreover,every clean ring is a pm-ring,that is every prime ideal is contained in a unique maximal ideal. In the same article,the authors give an example of a commutative ring which is a pm-ring yet not clean,e.g.,C(ℝ). It is this example which interests us. Our discussion shall take place in a more general setting. We assume that all rings are commutative with 1.
detours of life: space and bodies in a Moroccan village

This essay is an interpretation of the internal logic of a way of imagining space, movement and the body in a village in pre-Saharan Morocco. I begin with the analysis of an informant's graphic representation of his village and then spin its threads in terms of a local discourse of structural insufficiency and symbolic ambivalence, which I pursue ethnographically through a number of domains, while suggesting at the same time the contours of a dialogue with issues in European thought, [the body, space, movement, symbolism, poststructuralism, North Africa]
Role of ABL family kinases in cancer: from leukaemia to solid tumours

The Abelson (ABL) family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, ABL1 and ABL2, transduces diverse extracellular signals to protein networks that control proliferation, survival, migration and invasion. ABL1 was first identified as an oncogene required for the development of leukaemias initiated by retroviruses or chromosome translocations. The demonstration that small-molecule ABL kinase inhibitors could effectively treat chronic myeloid leukaemia opened the door to the era of targeted cancer therapies. Recent reports have uncovered roles for ABL kinases in solid tumours. Enhanced ABL expression and activation in some solid tumours, together with altered cell polarity, invasion or growth induced by activated ABL kinases, suggest that drugs targeting these kinases may be useful for treating selected solid tumours.
Riverine organic matter and nutrients in southeast Alaska affected by glacial coverage

Dissolved organic matter and nutrients from high-latitude coastal watersheds stimulate microbial activity and primary productivity in near-shore ecosystems. A survey of southeast Alaskan watersheds suggests that the extent of glacial coverage may control the release of these nutrients to rivers and ultimately the oceans. The delivery of fresh water, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous from high-latitude regional watersheds is important to the ecology and nutrient balance of coastal marine ecosystems in the Northern1 and Southern2 hemispheres. Bioavailable dissolved organic matter from rivers can support microbes in near-shore environments, and may also stimulate primary production3,4. Recent studies suggest that impacts of climate change, such as thawing permafrost, may affect nutrient yields in large northern rivers5. Here we analyse riverine dissolved organic matter and nutrient loads in three adjacent coastal watersheds along the Gulf of Alaska. We find that different levels of glacial coverage can alter the timing and magnitude of fresh water, dissolved organic matter and nutrient yields. Our results suggest that a lower extent of glacial coverage within a watershed can lead to higher amounts of dissolved organic matter, but decreased phosphorous yields. Moreover, an abundance of early successional plant species following deglaciation can increase riverine nitrogen levels. We conclude that changes in riverine yields of dissolved organic matter and nutrients due to reductions in glacier extent in coastal watersheds may affect the productivity and function of near-shore coastal ecosystems.
Predicting the unconfined compressive strength of the Breathitt shale using slake durability, Shore hardness and rock structural properties

Compressive strength is the most widely used design parameter in the construction industry and in rock engineering. For example, Bieniawski [Bieniawski, Z. T., Estimating the strength of rock materials, Is. J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall., 1974, 74, 312‐ 320.] reported that mining engineers request the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) more often than any other rock property. However, standards set for specimen preparation are very demanding. Therefore it is quite diAcult and sometimes impossible to fulfill these requirements using weak rocks and especially shales. This paper evaluates the use of the slake durability and Shore hardness tests to estimate UCS, based on laboratory correlations performed for this study and others and based on analysis of structural and physical material properties aAecting both strength and durability. # 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Optimal Distribution Service Pricing for Investment Planning

Distribution network development planning is a complex task due to the size of a typical distribution network, the interconnectivity of its elements and the presence of various uncertainties. This planning process becomes even more complicated due to the constant pressure to reduce distribution network capacity reserve, operation and maintenance cost, and to postpone the capital investments as far as possible. Recent technological and organizational changes in the electric industry sector have had an influence on the operations and planning objectives of distribution network systems. New technologies and customer demand types require new paradigms of distribution network planning and operations. A corresponding model in support of these new paradigms should not include only the load forecast, but economic analysis, risk assessment and the impact of the new technologies. In this paper, we propose a model for distribution development planning with direct load control, distributed generators and optimal distribution capacity expansion.
Reducing Time-to-Respond in a Modern Manufacturing Environment

The complexity of modern manufacturing processes has sharply increased the number of steps affecting device and circuit performance. We discuss a number of critical steps, their control methodology and how to minimize the time to detect. Product test results and data-mining are used to identify critical steps and to determine which inline signals require most attention. The last section is devoted to optimizing the analysis of inline electrical signals and their application to tool control.
On the performance of SPAI and ADI-like preconditioners for core collapse supernova simulations in one spatial dimension

The simulation of core collapse supernovae calls for the time accurate solution of the (Euler) equations for inviscid hydrodynamics coupled with the equations for neutrino transport. The time evolution is carried out by evolving the Euler equations explicitly and the neutrino transport equations implicitly. Neutrino transport is modeled by the multi-group Boltzmann transport (MGBT) and the multi-group flux limited diffusion (MGFLD) equations. An implicit time stepping scheme for the MGBT and MGFLD equations yields Jacobian systems that necessitate scaling and preconditioning. Two types of preconditioners, namely, a sparse approximate inverse (SPAI) preconditioner and a preconditioner based on the alternating direction implicit iteration (ADI-like) have been found to be effective for the MGFLD and MGBT formulations. This paper compares these two preconditioners. The ADI-like preconditioner performs well with both MGBT and MGFLD systems. For the MGBT system tested, the SPAI preconditioner did not give competitive results. However, since the MGBT system in our experiments had a high condition number before scaling and since we used a sequential platform, care must be taken in evaluating these results.
Vibrational spectra of methyl-d3 L-alanines and the assignment of the CH vibrations in L-alanine

Abstract The i.r. and Raman spectra of polycrystalline methyl deuterated L-alanine and its N-deuterated derivative have been obtained and most of the fundamental frequencies have been assigned. Based on these data, revised assignments for the CH stretching and deformation modes of normal alanine are proposed.
A domain-level data model for automating network configuration

Emerging research activities and technologies such as NETCONF have been closing gaps in the realization of automated network management; however they focus on individual network devices rather than the network domain as a whole. A robust model that maps a network domain's aggregate properties to device-specific NETCONF entities would allow a service provider to abstract a network's design from the configuration of its devices. Furthermore, it would extend the automation capability of a network management system by enabling configuration operations in terms of high-level concepts such as aggregate policies, best practices, network topology, and service requirements. One community that would benefit from this paradigm is a joint tactical network service provider, who must configure networks consisting of heterogeneous subscriber bases, network devices, and organizational policies at moment's notice.
Priming or executive control? Associative priming of cue encoding increases “switch costs” in the explicit task-cuing procedure

The explicit task-cuing procedure involves presenting a cue that indicates which task to perform on a target. Responses are typically faster when tasks repeat than when they alternate, and this difference is often interpreted as a measure of the time required for executive control processes to change task set. This article suggests that the difference reflects priming of cue encoding when successive cues are identical or associatively related. Subjects responded to task repetitions more quickly when the cue on the current trial was associatively related to the cue on the previous trial (e.g.,day →night) than when the cues were unrelated (e.g.,verb →night). Models applied to the time course function—generated by manipulating the interval between the onsets of the cue and the target—showed that the facilitation was due to cue encoding, a process that does not require online executive control.
Collective Bargaining and The Performance of the Public Schools

Students of American politics rarely study public sector unions and their impacts on government. The literature sees bureaucratic power as rooted in expertise, but largely ignores the fact that bureaucrats often join unions to promote their own interests, and that the power of their unions may affect government and its performance. This article focuses on the public schools, which are among the most numerous government agencies in the country, and investigates whether collective bargaining by teachers—the key bureaucrats—affects the schools’ capacity to educate children. Using California data, analysis shows that, in large school districts, restrictive labor contracts have a very negative impact on academic achievement, particularly for minority students. The evidence suggests, then, that public sector unions do indeed have important consequences for American public education. Whether they are consequential in other areas of government remains to be seen, but it is an avenue well worth pursuing. P rior to 1960, few public workers in the United States belonged to unions and almost none were covered by collective bargaining. All this changed during the next two decades, as most states passed laws making it easier for public sector unions to organize and bargain. The result was a period of explosive growth in which the portion of public workers covered by collective bargaining grew to more than 40% by the early 1980s. It has remained at roughly that level ever since and is much higher in many states, localities, and occupations, particularly outside the right-to-work South. Meantime, unions in the private sector have been caught in a disastrous free fall, with coverage at just 8.1% as of 2006 (U.S. Census Bureau 2008). Public sector unions have changed the dynamics of
CleaveLand: a pipeline for using degradome data to find cleaved small RNA targets

Summary: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ∼20- to 22-nt long endogenous RNA sequences that play a critical role in the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic genomes. Confident identification of miRNA targets is vital to understand their functions. Currently available computational algorithms for miRNA target prediction have diverse degrees of sensitivity and specificity and as a consequence each predicted target generally requires experimental confirmation. miRNAs and other small RNAs that direct endonucleolytic cleavage of target mRNAs produce diagnostic uncapped, polyadenylated mRNA fragments. Degradome sequencing [also known as PARE (parallel analysis of RNA ends) and GMUCT (genome-wide mapping of uncapped transcripts)] samples the 5 � -ends of uncapped mRNAs and can be used to discover in vivo miRNA targets independent of computational predictions. Here, we describe a generalizable computational pipeline, CleaveLand, for the detection of cleaved miRNA targets from degradome data. CleaveLand takes as input degradome sequences, small RNAs and an mRNA database and outputs small RNA targets. CleaveLand can thus be applied to degradome data from any species provided a set of mRNA transcripts and a set of query miRNAs or other small RNAs are available.
Dynamic measurements of hexafluoromisonidazole (CCI-103F) retention in mouse tumours by 1H/19F magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

SummarySelective retention of hexafluoromisonidazole, CCI-103F, in RIF-1 and SCCVII tumours of C3H/Km mice has been measured by 1H/19F magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) on a Bruker AM-400 multinuclear spectrometer. CCI-103F concentrations in tumours and in normal tissues were measured using an MRS technique in which the water component in the tissues serves as an internal concentration reference. The biodistribution and elimination half-life of the drug in the tissues after i.p. injections were determined. The plasma half-life of the drug (41 min) was measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The two tumour lines and liver have longer retention times with half-lives of 47, 129 and 81 min, respectively, while normal tissues, muscle and brain have little retention of CCI-103F and clear the drug very quickly. Dynamic measurements of CCI-103F retention in tumours by MRS may provide a non-invasive probe for assessing tumour hypoxia.
Relatively benign "pure" mitral regurgitation of rheumatic origin. A study of seventy-four adult patients

Summary of Electrocardiographic and Roentgeno-graphic Data in Five Cases of "Pure" Mitral Re- gurgitation with a History of Subacute BacterialEndocarditis Electrocardiographicfindings Numberof cases Left ventricular hypertrophy 4No abnormalities 1* X-ray findings Left atrial enlargem-lentLeft ventricular enlargement 3 Right ventricular enlargement 3 Systolic pulsation of left atriunm 2No abnormalities 1* *The patient with no electrocardiographic abnor- malities is not the same case as the patient with nox-ray abniormialities. regurgitation assigns the patient to the severeportion of the spectrum. Sucheases wereauto-matically excluded from the present series byourcriteria.Theintensity of thesystolic murmurin puremitralregurgitation maypossibly also be some mneasure of severity. Thus, manyor all of thecases withsevere mnitral regurgitation reportedby Movitt,70 Ross,13 Bentivoglio,14 Brigden3land their associates had grade-IV or " loud " systolic murmurs. Incontrast, all but 6 of our56 living patients with
Prepartal plane of nutrition, regardless of dietary energy source, affects periparturient metabolism and dry matter intake in Holstein cows.

Abstract Previous research in our laboratory showed that dietary fat supplementation during the dry period was associated with decreased peripartum hepatic lipid accumulation. However, fat supplementation decreased dry matter (DM) intake and thereby confounded results. Consequently, 47 Holstein cows with body condition scores (BCS)≤3.5 at dry-off were used to determine whether source or amount of energy fed to dry cows was responsible for the decreased hepatic lipid content. Moderate grain- or fat-supplemented diets [1.50 Mcal of net energy for lactation (NE L )/kg] were fed from dry-off (60 d before expected parturition) to calving at either ad libitum (160% of NE L requirement) or restricted (80% of NE L requirement) intakes. Postpartum, cows were fed a single lactation diet for ad libitum intake and performance was measured for 105 d. Prepartum intakes of DM and NE L were significantly lower for feed-restricted cows as designed. During the first 21 d postpartum, previously restricted cows had higher intakes of DM and NE L . Body weights and BCS were lower prepartum for restricted cows but groups converged to similar nadirs postpartum. Restricted-fed cows had lower concentrations of glucose and insulin and increased concentrations of NEFA in plasma during the dry period. Peripartum NEFA rose markedly for all treatments but were higher postpartum for cows previously fed ad libitum. Plasma concentrations of NEFA and BHBA remained lower in cows restricted-during the dry period. Postpartum concentrations of total lipid and triglyceride in liver were lower in cows previously feed-restricted. Across dietary treatments, activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) in hepatic mitochondria was lowest at−21 d, highest at 1 d, and decreased at 21 and 65 d relative to parturition. The activity of CPT at d 1 tended to be higher for previously feed-restricted cows; thereafter, CPT activity declined more rapidly than in cows fed ad libitum. Nutrient intake during the dry period had more pronounced effects on peripartal lipid metabolism and DMI than did composition of the prepartum diet.
Linear sum capacity for Gaussian multiple access channel with feedback

This paper studies the class of generalized linear feedback codes for additive white Gaussian noise multiple access channel. This class includes (nonlinear) nonfeedback codes at one extreme and linear feedback codes by Schalkwijk and Kailath, Ozarow, and Kramer at the other extreme. The linear sum capacity C L (P), the maximum sum-rate achieved by the generalized linear feedback codes, is characterized under symmetric block power constraints P for all the senders. In particular, it is shown that the Kramer linear code achieves C L (P). Based on the properties of the conditional maximal correlation, an extension of the Hirschfeld-Gebelein-Renyi maximal correlation, it is conjectured that Kramer's linear code achieves not only the linear sum capacity, but also the general sum capacity, i.e., the maximum sum-rate achieved by arbitrary feedback codes.
An Observational Study of Sea- and Land-Breeze Circulation in an Area of Complex Coastal Heating.

Abstract The diurnal evolution of the three-dimensional structure of a mesoscale circulation system frequently occurring in the area of Kennedy Span Center-Cape Canaveral has been studied using the data from the Kennedy Space Center Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment (KABLE). The case was chosen from the spring intensive data-collection period when the greatest daytime temperature difference between land and water (sea and inland rivers) occurs and the local circulations are most intense. The daytime flow structure was determined primarily by the mesoscale pressure-gradient form created by the temperature contrast between land and water. A strong sea-breeze circulation, the dominant feature of the daytime flow field, was modified by a local inland river breeze known as the Indian River breeze, in that divergent flow over the river enhanced the sea-breeze convergence on the seaward side and generated additional convergence on the landward side of the river. The rivers near the coastline also modified th...
May active solute flux control the cell volume in the steady state

Abstract The dynamics of a bioreactor with a variable volume and an active solute flux based on the thermodynamics of irreversible processes and stability analysis was studied. The active solute flux may control both the bioreactor volume and the hydrostatic pressure as well as the concentration of the solute inside the cell in the steady state. The range of the active solute flux is limited by amplitudes (j1(0), J2(0] of the active transport depending on the membrane transport parameters. The dynamic system is stable for j0 greater than jth0.
The Appeal of Black Republican Candidates: Does Party and Gender Matter? An Experimental Study

The election of Barack Obama as President of the United States has coincided with increased levels of black involvement within the Republican Party: The 2010 elections ushering in Black Republicans into Congress for the first time since 2003, Jennifer Carroll becoming the first black Republican woman elected Lieutenant Governor of Florida, and current black Republican presidential candidate Herman Cain gaining popularity among Republican primary voters. Given these recent developments, I am interested in the following research questions: What is the appeal of black Republican candidates when compared to black Democratic candidates? Furthermore, what is the level of appeal of black female Republican candidates when compared to black male Republican candidates and black male and female Democratic candidates? Most black candidates and office holders identify with the Democratic Party and most black voters vote for Democratic candidates. Thus, it posits the puzzle of how voters perceive black Republican candidates in comparison to black Democratic candidates and whether gender plays a role in this perception. In response to this puzzle, I conducted an experiment of a fictitious black candidate running for statewide office, whose profile is varied only along party identification and gender cues. My findings illustrate that party and gender cues often intersect in the evaluation of black candidates. This study is timely and important as we consider how candidate evaluation studies treat race, gender, and political party variables.
Does Age Matter? Survival Outcomes With the Addition of Concurrent Chemotherapy for Elderly Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Definitive Radiation Using the National Cancer Data Base

Does Age Matter? Survival Outcomes With the Addition of Concurrent Chemotherapy for Elderly Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Definitive Radiation Using the National Cancer Data Base A. Amini, B. Jones, J. McDermott, A. Jimeno, D.W. Bowles, D. Raben, and S. Karam; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, Department of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
BOOK REVIEW: Family Wealth Management: 7 Imperatives for Successful Investing in the New World Order

1. Greg N. Gregoriou 1. is professor of finance at the State University of New York in Plattsburgh, NY, and a lecturer in finance in the Department of Continuing Studies at McGill University in Montreal, QC, Canada. (greg.gregoriou{at}plattsburgh.edu) 1. To order reprints of
Study of Heavy Crude Oil Flows in Pipelines with Electromagnetic Heaters

The electromagnetic heating of heavy crude oil in cylindrical pipes represents a novel technique to reduce fluid viscosity and diminish the cost required for its transportation. In this study, the ...
“More Life, Not Less”: Using Narrative Therapy With Older Adults With Bipolar Disorder

Counselors who work with older adults with bipolar disorder are in a unique position to help them navigate their challenges. Older adults with bipolar disorder have lived decades with mental illness and also face the regular aging process. Narrative therapy provides counselors with a framework to deal with these issues.
Sanitary situation of secondary water supply and its countermeasures in Zhaoqing City

[Objective]To understand the status of health management of secondary water supply facilities and sanitary situation of water quality in Zhaoqing City,discover the hidden danger of drinking water,and provide a scientific basis for taking measures to ensure the health and safety of drinking water.[Methods]The combination of field inspection,questionnaire survey and sampling detection was applied to investigate 135 secondary water supply enterprises in Zhaoqing City.[Results]The management condition of secondary water supply facilities was good overall,but there were safe hidden troubles in water supply facilities in some enterprises.The qualified rate of secondary water supply was 82.22%,which was lower than that of municipal water supply(98.52%),and the difference was significant(χ2= 20.599,P 0.01).The difference in the qualified rate between two different material facilities(stainless steel and cement concrete) was not significant(χ2= 0.001,P 0.05).The average oxygen consumption of secondary water supply was higher than that of municipal water supply(u = 16.43,P 0.05).The average value of total bacterial count in secondary water supply was higher than that in municipal water supply(u = 16.17,P 0.01).[Conclusion]There are safe hidden troubles in secondary water supply in Zhaoqing City.It is necessary to strengthen the supervision and management,improve the sanitary quality,to ensure the safety of drinking water.
Luteinizing hormone on Leydig cell structure and function

The effects of luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotrophic hormone (hCG) on Leydig cell structure and function are reviewed in this paper under two main headings; responses to LH and hCG stimulation and responses to LH deprivation. With acute LH stimulation, up to 2 hours following the LH injection, there was no change in the volume of a Leydig cell. However, Leydig cell peroxisomal volume and intraperoxisomal SCP2 content showed a rapid and transient change. These changes can be considered to be specific because: i) no other Leydig cell organelle including smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) showed such a change, and ii) only the intraperoxisomal SCP2 but not catalase (a marker enzyme for peroxisomes) showed such a change within 30 minutes of LH stimulation. As these changes occurred prior to the peak testosterone levels following this treatment, it is suggested that SCP2 and peroxisomes may have an association with testosterone biosynthesis prior to cholesterol transport into mitochondria. With LH or hCG stimulation for longer periods, i.e. one day or more, the same morphological changes are produced in Leydig cells irrespective of the age of the species, dosage of LH or hCG, and with single or multiple doses. These changes include, Leydig cells hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia, increase in the cellular organelle content (mostly SER and mitochondria) and depletion of lipid droplets. In addition, a recent study showed that Leydig cell peroxisomal volume, SCP2 content, the amount of intraperoxisomal SCP2 and testosterone secretory capacity were also significantly increased in response to chronic LH treatment. The effects of LH deprivation by whatever means (e.g. hypophysectomy, with testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol silastic implants, LH antisera) on Leydig cell structure and function is generally described as opposite to those observed following LH or hCG stimulation. These include Leydig cell hypotrophy and hypoplasia, reductions in the cytoplasmic organelle content in general and specific reductions in SER and peroxisomal volumes, reductions in total catalase and SCP2 in Leydig cells together with reductions in the intraperoxisomal SCP2 content in Leydig cells and their testosterone secretory capacity.
Promoting Our Children’s Wellness

Parenting is largely about the creation of a nurturing and caring atmosphere where children’s physical and emotional growth can take place. This entails facilitating the expression of feelings, maintaining open lines of communication, and ensuring that children feel loved and protected. It also involves providing a structured and predictable environment, setting behavioural limits, and fostering cooperative, pro-social behaviour. The pregnancy and early parenting experiences of study participants and their varied experiences with formal and informal supports were explicated in the previous chapter. This chapter focuses on (a) participants’ attempts to ensure the physical and psychological well-being of their children; (b) their child-rearing philosophies and practices; and (c) the overall nature of the parent-child relationship.
Comparison of SurePath Preservative and ThinPrep PreservCyt for Use in HPV/Cytology Cotesting on the Cobas4800 HPV Testing Platform

Introduction: The Cobas 4800 (Roche Molecular Diagnostics, Pleasanton, CA), HPV test is FDA approved for use with cervical specimens collected in ThinPrep PreservCyt (Hologic Inc, Bedford, MA), but not SurePath preservative (TriPath Imaging Inc, Burlington, NC). Many labs perform HPV testing from SurePath preservative but there is little data comparing it to ThinPrep PreservCyt. The goal of this study …
Replacing Chlorofluorocarbons in Industry

Scientific evidence indicates that ozone depletion over the South Pole is more serious than was suspected a few years ago. As a result, production of the principal ozone-depleting compounds is scheduled to be phased out over the next decade. The impact of the elimination of these chemicals on industries will be immediate and significant, with the aerospace and electronics industries among the most severely affected. Alternative solvents, refrigerants, and foam-blowing agents are being developed, but will not be available in commercial quantities until 1992 at the earliest. Meanwhile, CFC users are working with the chemical manufacturers, EPA, DoD, and various research organizations, to speed up the process of identifying and implementing alternative compounds or processes. Most of the proposed alternatives have some drawbacks when compared with CFCs, but can be implemented safely if the user takes the time to understand the issues thoroughly and involves all affected parties in the decision-making process.
Abstract 99: Ac-SDKP Protects the Heart From Post-myocardial Infarction Remodeling and Dysfunction in Mice

N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) has anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and pro-angiogenic effects. We previously observed that Ac-SDKP reduces incidence of cardiac rupture in mice with acute myocardial infarction (MI), which is associated with its anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic properties. We hypothesized that Ac-SDKP, via its anti-fibrotic and pro-angiogenic actions, ameliorates left ventricular (LV) dilatation and fibrosis, thus improving cardiac function post-MI. C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: 1) sham MI, 2) MI + vehicle (VEH), and 3) MI + Ac-SDKP. Ac-SDKP (1.6 mg/kg/day) was given immediately after MI induction ( i.p. via osmotic pump) for 5 weeks. Cardiac remodeling and function were assessed by echocardiography, and interstitial collagen fraction (ICF) and capillary density was determined histologically. We found that Ac-SDKP 1) reduced LV remodeling, evidenced by decreased LV chamber dimensions and areas, and reduced ICF and increased capillary density, with no changes in posterior wall thickness and LV weight (LVW), and 2) improved cardiac function, demonstrated by increased fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) (Table). We conclude that in murine models of MI, Ac-SDKP protects the heart from more severe remodeling and dysfunction, possibly via its anti-fibrotic and pro-angiogenic actions. Thus, the use of Ac-SDKP or its analogues could be a new and effective alternative in restoring cardiac function in patients after MI. ![Graphic][1] [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Early Development of Epidermis and Neural Tissue

The three germ layers are specified by multiple mechanisms. Dorsoventral polarity and inductive signals influence the differentiation of ectoderm into neural tissue and epidermis, and pattern the neural tube along the anteroposterior axis. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling promotes epidermal development, whereas inhibition of BMP signaling leads to neural induction. Other patterning factors, including fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and Wnt pathways, also modulate this process. The differentiation of primary neurons and epidermal cell types is regulated by asymmetric divisions of polarized ectoderm progenitor cells resulting from the combined action of apical-basal polarity proteins and Notch signaling.
Design and Operation of the Transformed National Healthy Start Evaluation

Purpose Improving pregnancy outcomes for women and children is one of the nation’s top priorities. The Healthy Start (HS) program was created to address factors that contribute to high infant mortality rates (IMRs) and persistent disparities in IMRs. The program began in 1991 and was transformed in 2014 to apply lessons from emerging research, past evaluation findings, and expert recommendations. To understand the implementation and impact of the transformed program, there is a need for a robust and comprehensive evaluation. Description The national HS evaluation will include an implementation evaluation, which will describe program components that affect outcomes; a utilization evaluation, which will examine the characteristics of women and infants who did and did not utilize the program; and an outcome evaluation, which will assess the program’s effectiveness with regard to producing expected outcomes among the target population. Data sources include the National HS Program Survey, a HS participant survey, and individual-level program data linked to vital records and the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) survey. Assessment Descriptive analyses will be used to examine differences in risk profiles between participants and non-participants, as well as to calculate penetration rates for high-risk women in respective service areas. Multivariable analyses will be used to determine the impact of the program on key outcomes and will explore variation by dose, type of services received, and grantee characteristics. Conclusion Evaluation findings are expected to inform program decisions and direction, including identification of effective program components that can be spread and scaled.
Understanding demographic and socioeconomic biases of geotagged Twitter users at the county level

Massive social media data produced from microblog platforms provide a new data source for studying human dynamics at an unprecedented scale. Meanwhile, population bias in geotagged Twitter users is...
Postoperative Safety in Adult Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit

Patient safety is stated as the fundamental principle of good patient care (Summary of the evidence on patient safety: implications for research, WHO, Geneva, 2008). Nearly half (45%) of the adverse events in the Critical Care Safety Study were deemed preventable (Shostek, J Ambul Care Manage 30: 105–113, 2007). Patient safety incidents lead to unnecessary suffering and are a major cause of prolonged hospital stays. Human error is stated as the most common cause of patient safety incidents. Ensuring patient safety is becoming increasingly important for cardiac surgery intensive care unit practitioners. The cardiac surgery intensive care unit is particularly prone to medical errors because of the complexity of the patients, interdependence of the practitioners, and dependence on team functioning. Approaches related to high-reliability organizations (HRO) such as aviation have been applied in health care to prevent incidents and to ensure the delivery of proper care (Riley, J Nurs Manag 17: 238–246, 2009). Measurements of patient safety culture, teamwork, and continuous improvement and organizational learning, including team training with the use of simulation (Wilson et al., Qual Saf Health Care 14: 303–309, 2005), are all HRO approaches (Evidence scan: high reliability organizations, The Health Foundation, London, 2011) recommended as initiatives to improve quality and patient safety in health care. A culture of safety is created through changes in health personnel’s safety perspective and work behaviors, and human resource professionals are an essential contributor to this development. Human patient simulation-based training is a recommended method to make health-care professionals aware of the importance of teamwork and the aspects of team performance (Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the Twenty-First Century, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 2001). Team training program based on crew resource management can be used to improve efficiency, morale, and patient safety in health care (West et al., J Nurs Adm 42: 15–20, 2012). Several important factors play a role in fostering patient safety in the postoperative adult cardiac surgery intensive care unit environments, such as a patient safety culture, better communication, team performance, and team training strategies as initiatives for building patient safety within the adult cardiac surgery intensive care unit.