cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Hopi Calendar and Some Archaeological Correlates of Horizon Markers

Beginning with the work of Alexander Stephen and Jesse Fewkes in the 1890s, scholars have come to recognize that the Hopi based both their agricultural and ceremonial calendars on observations of the rising and setting of the Sun aligned with specific natural places on the local horizon, which they call tuvoyla (markers), tingappi (announcing points), and either uyispi or naatwanpi (planting points). Many ethnographic sources record the names of these points, their associations with specific agricultural or ritual activities, and in some cases their magnetic azimuths from the villages or the dates on which the Sun rose or set at specific markers. However, there has been little effort to relate these names to their physical attributes as guides to observation or to identify their precise geographic locations. This study draws upon ethnographic descriptions of the natural markers that define the Hopi horizon calendars to determine the physical and other attributes that characterize solar horizon calendars. These attributes will then be proposed as archaeological correlates to provide criteria to validate the significance of other archaeoastronomical sites (Ruggles, Establishing the credibility of archaeoastronomical sites. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, 11(A29A), 97–99, 2015).
Bitter melon extracts and cucurbitane-type triterpenoid glycosides antagonize lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome

Abstract Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) has been used to manage diabetes and various inflammatory conditions. While studies have explored the use of bitter melon to manage these conditions, the bioactive components and molecular mechanisms mediating the anti-inflammatory effects remain elusive. In the current study, acetone and methanol extracts of bitter melon along with purified compounds (momordicoside A, momordicoside L, karaviloside VI, karaviloside VIII, and charantoside XV) from acetone extract were screened using RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Acetone and methanol extracts decreased LPS-induced expression of genes related to the formation of the inflammasome complex (NF-κB, NLRP3, Pycard, Casp1). The purified triterpenoids had differential anti-inflammatory effects on the expression of the genes IL-1β, NF-κB, NLRP3, Pycard, Casp1, HMGB1, and HMOX-1. Additionally, molecular docking data suggest that these molecules may be a potent inhibitor of NF-κB. Taken together, the five bioactive compounds exerted anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-induced inflammation, likely via suppression of the NF-κB-NLRP3 pathway.
Cloud computing risk and audit issues

Cloud computing has gained mass popularity in the business environment. However, this technology also imposes some risk concerns, such as weak protection to security and privacy. Since its nature of distant and remote connectivity, the auditing process to this technology becomes challengeable. This paper focuses on issues related to cloud computing risk and audit tasks. Identify the risk of cloud computing operations.Identify the risk audit of cloud computing operations.Identify the audit standards of cloud computing operations.Integrating the risk and audit process of cloud computing practice.
Understanding Conceptual Change: A Commentary

In this essay, I compare and contrast four views of conceptual change—Vosniadou’s synthetic meaning view, Chi and Roscoe’s misconception repair view, diSessa’s knowledge-in-pieces view, and Ivarsson, Schoultz, and Saljo’s sociocultural view. In particular, I compare these four views in terms of what changes during conceptual change, who changes, how the change occurs, where the change takes place, the role of prior knowledge, and whether their is research evidence. As a conclusion, I offer a proposal for reconciling alternative views of conceptual change.
An end-to-end hybrid algorithm for automated medication discrepancy detection

In this study we implemented and developed state-of-the-art machine learning (ML) and natural language processing (NLP) technologies and built a computerized algorithm for medication reconciliation. Our specific aims are: (1) to develop a computerized algorithm for medication discrepancy detection between patients’ discharge prescriptions (structured data) and medications documented in free-text clinical notes (unstructured data); and (2) to assess the performance of the algorithm on real-world medication reconciliation data. We collected clinical notes and discharge prescription lists for all 271 patients enrolled in the Complex Care Medical Home Program at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center between 1/1/2010 and 12/31/2013. A double-annotated, gold-standard set of medication reconciliation data was created for this collection. We then developed a hybrid algorithm consisting of three processes: (1) a ML algorithm to identify medication entities from clinical notes, (2) a rule-based method to link medication names with their attributes, and (3) a NLP-based, hybrid approach to match medications with structured prescriptions in order to detect medication discrepancies. The performance was validated on the gold-standard medication reconciliation data, where precision (P), recall (R), F-value (F) and workload were assessed. The hybrid algorithm achieved 95.0%/91.6%/93.3% of P/R/F on medication entity detection and 98.7%/99.4%/99.1% of P/R/F on attribute linkage. The medication matching achieved 92.4%/90.7%/91.5% (P/R/F) on identifying matched medications in the gold-standard and 88.6%/82.5%/85.5% (P/R/F) on discrepant medications. By combining all processes, the algorithm achieved 92.4%/90.7%/91.5% (P/R/F) and 71.5%/65.2%/68.2% (P/R/F) on identifying the matched and the discrepant medications, respectively. The error analysis on algorithm outputs identified challenges to be addressed in order to improve medication discrepancy detection. By leveraging ML and NLP technologies, an end-to-end, computerized algorithm achieves promising outcome in reconciling medications between clinical notes and discharge prescriptions.
Data fusion analysis for maritime automatic Target Recognition with designation confidence metrics

This research encompasses robust data fusion methodology for maritime target feature extraction and combinatorial classifiers (Vector Quantizer, Neural Networks based on both Gaussian Mixture Models and Radial Basis Function), which also includes confidence metrics for designations. Feature extraction techniques act on 2-d Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) images and novel 1-d range profiles. Designations are made with an ISAR database of over 2500 images and 8 basic classes. The Fusion classifier confusion-matrix results indicate the correct classification probability of 80.1% and perfect joint-classification designation in the rarer instances where 2 similar classes are too hard to distinguish from.
Reasoning about Object Affordances in a Knowledge Base Representation

Reasoning about objects and their affordances is a fundamental problem for visual intelligence. Most of the previous work casts this problem as a classification task where separate classifiers are trained to label objects, recognize attributes, or assign affordances. In this work, we consider the problem of object affordance reasoning using a knowledge base representation. Diverse information of objects are first harvested from images and other meta-data sources. We then learn a knowledge base (KB) using a Markov Logic Network (MLN). Given the learned KB, we show that a diverse set of visual inference tasks can be done in this unified framework without training separate classifiers, including zero-shot affordance prediction and object recognition given human poses.
Invariant feature extraction and biased statistical inference for video surveillance

Using cameras for detecting hazardous or suspicious events has spurred new research for security concerns. To make such detection reliable, researchers trust overcome difficulties such as variation in camera capabilities, environmental factors. imbalances of positive and negative training data, and asymmetric costs of misclassifying events of different classes. Following up on the event-detection framework (Wu et al. (2003)) that we have proposed, we present in this paper the framework's two major components: invariant feature extraction and biased statistical inference. We report results of our experiments using the framework for detecting suspicious motion events in a parking lot.
The differential effect of hydrocortisone on the short-lived small lymphocyte.

As previously reported, small lymphocytes of the rat comprise two populations of cells with respect to circulating life span, designated as long- and short-lived. By the appropriate injection schedules of H3-thymidine and by varying the postinjection interval, it is possible to essentially confine the label to one or the other of the populations. Thus two groups of animals were administered H3-thymidine so that in one group only long-lived small lymphocytes were labeled and in the other, short-lived lymphocytes were labeled. The animals were then injected intraperitoneally with 4 mg doses of hydrocortisone at four-hour intervals. Controls were administered saline. At intervals after receiving from 1 to 12 hydrocortisone injections, the animals were sacrificed and radioautographs were prepared of the thymus, thoracic duct lymph, mesenteric lymph node, bone marrow and spleen. These are tissues known to show significant differences with respect to the percentage distribution of long- and short-lived lymphocytes. The results from analyzing the percentages of labeled small lymphocytes present in the respective tissues of the two groups are believed to be conclusive in showing that short-lived small lymphocytes are more susceptible to the destructive effects of hydrocortisone than are the long-lived lymphocytes.
Comparison of Electrodesiccation and Potassium‐Titanyl‐Phosphate Laser for Treatment of Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra

BACKGROUND There is a lack of randomized split-face studies investigating treatments for dermatosis papulosa nigra (DPN) in dark skin. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser with efficacy, safety, and tolerability of electrodesiccation in the treatment of DPN in subjects with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes IV to VI. METHODS Fourteen subjects with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes IV to VI were randomized to receive two KTP laser treatments 4 weeks apart to half of the face. The contralateral half received two electrodesiccation treatments 4 weeks apart. Response was evaluated by photography reviewed by blinded dermatologists at 4 weeks after the second treatment. A treatment quality questionnaire about side effects and cosmetic outcome was also administered. RESULTS Difference in improvement of DPN between the KTP side and the electrodesiccation side per each rater (p=.99, p=.54) and per raters combined (p=.50) did not reach statistical significance. There was no treatment difference for subjective effectiveness (p=.06) or subjective confidence improvement (p=.99), although there was a significant treatment difference for subjective discomfort (p=.002) in favor of KTP. Both treatments were well tolerated without significant adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS Although treatment of DPN with KTP laser and electrodesiccation are comparable in efficacy, KTP laser is preferable for patient comfort.
Women and the democratization movement in Tonga: Nation versus state, authority versus power

Abstract A political crisis has emerged in the constitutional monarchy of Tonga (southern Pacific). A movement of commoners pressing for democratic reforms includes women as participants, although gender issues are not central to the reformist agendas. It is argued that, alongside the recognized form of political opposition, stands a deeper set of oppositional practices now associated with commoner women, namely the production and exchange of indigenous wealth objects that mark life transitions and other special events. The circuit of these women's goods carves out a respectable place for women in public, a place from which they make claims about national issues while acting in accordance with what is seen as tradition. In addition, women have spearheaded official protests against governmental development agendas and general corruption. These occasions show commoner women's insistence upon governmental accountability in ways consistent with prestate forms of social hierarchy. In the process, in a society where kin identity has traveled traditionally through men, women are coming to represent the nation. In defending and mobilizing their customary sources of authority, commoner women are also calling into question the nature of state power.
Fiber micro-buckling of continuous glass-fiber reinforced hollow-cored recycled plastic extrusions under long-term flexural loads

Abstract Experimental results on fiber micro-buckling of continuous glass-fiber reinforced hollow-cored recycled plastic extrusions under creep tests are introduced in the paper. The full size specimens with dimensions in 2.5×3.5×42 in. 3 were submerged in warm water at a temperature of 125 °F when they were under a four-point bending creep test. The results show that the micro-buckling of the embedded glass-fiber roving occurs along 90% the length of the specimen on the upper inner surface (compressive side) and mainly during the time between 5 and 100 h from the initial loading moment. The micro-buckling causes the steady-state apparent flexural modulus of the composite drop faster, and it also causes the plastic matrix local crackling which subsequently leads to the structural failure of the composite. The stress level has little effect on the steady-state creep rate. The results also show some evidence that the plastic matrix becomes more brittle when it is submerged in warm water for certain long time. From the results, it is indicated that the pattern or distribution of the micro-buckling is significantly different from that of short-term four-point bending test for the same composite materials, for which the fiber micro-buckling occurs locally only on the middle section of the specimen.
The dehydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of cyclohexane and cyclohexene on stepped (high miller index) platinum surfaces

The dehydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of cyclohexane and cyclohexene were studied on platinum single crystal surfaces of varying atomic surface structure at low pressures (10−6 Torr) in the temperature range of 300–723 K. The quantitative reaction rates were monitored by a mass spectrometer, the surface structure and surface composition were determined by low-energy electron diffraction and Auger electron spectroscopy. Atomic steps have been identified as the active sites for CH and HH bond breaking processes. The dependence of the dehydrogenation and hydrogenolysis rates on the platinum surface structure revealed kinks in the steps as active sites for CC bond scission in addition to their ability for breaking CH and HH bonds. The active catalyst surface was covered with a carbonaceous overlayer, which was ordered or disordered. The properties of this overlayer influence significantly both the rate and the product distribution of the catalytic reactions. An expanded classification of structure-sensitive reactions is suggested.
From Applying Geography to Applied Geography

Applied Geography is a dynamic field that changes over time but always maintains a central focus on attempting to solve practical problems our societies face. Studies in Applied Geography are versatile in terms of subject matters but the foundation of this field is based on applying geographic concepts and geospatial technologies to solve real world problems. Given that, it is difficult to define Applied Geography with a strict structure since Geography itself cannot be defined that way and Geography lacks a set of fundamental theories to call its own. In the inaugural issue of Papers in Applied Geography, we argue that Applied Geography would continue to flourish even without a precise definition because applied studies are generically beneficial to our everyday lives. In this article, we also discuss the evolution of Applied Geography from the perspective of papers published in the 37 annual volumes by Applied Geography Conferences since 1978. The topics and contents of these published papers, though no...
Group Therapy for Seismological Data Collectors

Collection of digital seismological data, as fundamental as it is to our science, is a process that has defied standardization from the beginning. Organizations …
Effectiveness and Safety of Fentanyl Compared with Morphine for Out-of-Hospital Analgesia

AbstractBackground. Fentanyl has several potential advantages for out-of-hospital analgesia, including rapid onset, short duration, and less histamine release. Objective. To compare the effectiveness and safety of fentanyl with that of morphine. Methods. This was a retrospective before-and-after study of a protocol change from morphine to fentanyl in an advanced life support emergency medical services system in January 2007. Charts from nine months prior to the change and for nine months afterward were abstracted by two reviewers using a standardized instrument. The first three months after the change were excluded. Effectiveness was measured by change in pain scores on a 0–10 scale. A priori–defined adverse events included out-of-hospital events: respiratory rate <12 breaths/min, pulse oximetry <92%%, systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg, any fall in Glasgow Coma Scale score, nausea or vomiting, intubation, and use of antiemetic agents or naloxone. Emergency department charts were reviewed for initial pain s...
Free flap reconstruction for osteoradionecrosis of the jaws—Outcomes and predictive factors for success

Background. The purpose of this study was to determine factors to predict the success of free flap surgery in the treatment of osteoradionecrosis (ORN). Methods. Univariate analysis of overall and flap complications was performed. The effect of time to ORN, and the time interval between ORN to reconstruction was evaluated. Results. Fifty-five flaps on 53 patients for ORN were done with a 90% resolution rate. Univariate parameter analysis was significant for infield mandibulotomy. An increased time interval from radiation therapy (XRT) to ORN development significantly predicted for flap-specific complications and flap loss (p < .05). Increased time from ORN diagnosis to flap surgery resulted in greater length of bone involvement (p = .01). Anastomotic complications occurred in 13 cases resulting in 7 complete flap losses. Conclusion. An increased risk of complication was encountered with greater time from XRT to ORN. Thus, in patients developing ORN long after treatment, surgery should be accordingly more aggressive. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
A Rab11a-enriched subapical membrane compartment regulates a cytoskeleton-dependent transcytotic pathway in secretory epithelial cells of the lacrimal gland

Despite observations that the lacrimal gland has been identified as the principal source of dimeric immunoglobulin A (dIgA) in tears, the mechanism used by lacrimal gland acinar cells (LGACs) to transcytose dIgA produced by interstitial plasma cells is not well-characterized. This study identifies a transcytotic pathway in LGACs regulated by Rab11a for polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) and dIgA. EGFP-tagged Rab11a expressed in primary LGACs labeled a unique membrane compartment of comparable localization to endogenous Rab11a beneath the apical plasma membrane. This compartment was enriched in pIgR and clearly distinct from the regulated secretory pathway. Comparison of dIgA uptake in LGACs expressing wild type and dominant negative EGFP-Rab11a showed that the rapid exocytosis of dIgA was inhibited in acini expressing the dominant-negative protein, which additionally redistributed subapical pIgR. The trafficking of EGFP-Rab11a-enriched vesicles was regulated by microtubule-based and myosin Vb motors at distinct steps. Our data suggest that Rab11a is a crucial regulator of dIgA trafficking in primary acinar secretory epithelial cells and further support a role for microtubules, cytoplasmic dynein, actin filaments and myosin Vb in the maintenance of the Rab11a compartment in this primary secretory epithelial cell.
Radiometry using a platinum silicide detector

Platinum silicide (PtSi) staring array detectors have recently been developed and applied in a number of applications to perform medium wave infrared (MWIR) observations and radiometry. PtSi detectors have a strongly wavelength dependent response function, which results in a requirement to have much more a priori knowledge of an object to perform radiometric calculations than is required of a flat response detector. The impact of this wavelength dependence is examined and radiometric calibration procedures are developed for both resolved and unresolved targets.
9P planning: overcoming roadblocks to collaboration in intercultural community contexts

Encouraging involvement in local, regional and national communities in order to develop a healthy democracy is a laudable goal for society. The present paper investigates positions of power and dominant ideologies as they relate to communication roadblocks that inhibit the representation of marginalized cultural groups in collaboration and decision-making processes in multi-cultural communities. In this research, interviews with professional planners working in intercultural community contexts were analyzed utilizing a framework of five actions identified by Paolo Freire that must be taken by the oppressor in order to enter into solidarity with the oppressed. From this analysis I describe a holistic planning model for overcoming communication barriers in order to increase social inclusion of marginalized cultural groups in collaborative efforts.
Multiphonon Raman Spectrum of Silicon

The energy and polarization characteristics of the one- and two-phonon Raman spectrum have been measured using a 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} backscattering technique. The two-phonon spectrum was measured at 20, 80, and 305\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The one-phonon spectrum was measured at 17, 30, 80, and 305 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The one-phonon line of symmetry ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{25}$, was shown to be Lorentzian and to have a deconvoluted half-width at 17 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K of 1.45 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.05 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The two-phonon Raman spectrum was used to determine phonon energies at the four critical points $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$, $X$, $L$, and $W$.
The effects of surface slope on multi-segment foot kinematics in healthy adults

Previous work evaluating the effects of surface slope on gait has focused on lower extremity kinematics and kinetics. However, an assessment of multi-segment foot kinematics during walking on inclined and declined ramps has not been previously reported. Sagittal ankle motion using a single rigid body foot model and three-dimensional hindfoot and forefoot kinematics for 24 healthy adults (16 females and 8 males, average age 25.5 ± 4.4 years) were compared during level surface, inclined surfaces of 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% grade and a declined surface of approximately 7.5% grade at a constant speed using a standard treadmill. Significant differences in peak hindfoot plantarflexion, sagittal plane range of motion and time of peak dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, varus and valgus were seen between surface slope conditions. Significant changes were also seen in forefoot plantarflexion and sagittal plane range of motion however the maximum difference between conditions was less than 3°. These results indicate that foot mechanics can be significantly altered when ambulating on ramps in healthy adults. Specifically, treadmill protocols which incorporate different surface slopes often encountered during ambulation of daily living, may provide an improved technique in evaluating a patient's ability to function in the community.
A prediction of mRNA hybridization kinetics based on polypeptide abundances.

Abstract It is possible, using molecular weights and relative abundances of major L and HeLa cell polypeptides, to derive a corresponding hypothetical mRNA population whose average molecular weight is very similar to that actually observed. The predicted kinetics of hybridization between this messenger population and a complementary DNA copy are also similar to those observed experimentally. The differences between the predicted and observed kinetics might be due either to artefacts introduced into previous analysis of the experimental data by the assumption that sequences within a frequency class are equally abundant, or to the absence of a polyadenylate sequence on messages for some of the major polypeptides. Because the observed and predicted kinetics are so similar, this study supports the notions that the synthesis of the most abundant polypeptides is not regulated at the level of translation and that the messages themselves are transcribed from reiterated DNA.
PSYCHOLOGY OF COMPUTER USE: XXIX. MEASURING COMPUTER USERS' STRESS: THE COMPUTER HASSLES SCALE '

Summary.-Measurement of computer users' stress was based on the Computer Hassles Scale. 65 questionnaires were returned from 113 mailed to users of accounting information systems who worked for manufacturing companies. Correlations were calculated for the total sample and subsamples divided by gender. The analysis indicated that persons with college degrees experienced greater computer users' stress than those who were without. Those persons who reported more computer hassles experienced more somatic complaints which indicated that the computer hassles were stressful. There were no significant mean differences between women and men on computer hassles or somatic complaints. The correlations of computer hassles with somatic complaints differed by gender. Women's computer hassles were significantly correlated .61 with somatic complaints, but men's computer hassles were not significantly correlated (r = .IS) with somatic complaints. The gender differences suggest that there is a complex relationship between stressors (computer hassles) and stress reactions (somatic complaints).
Analysis of halogenated hydrocarbons in trans -1,2-dichloroethylene by thick-film, wide-bore, capillary gas chromatography

Chemical analyses performed in support of toxicological studies must provide a thorough characterization of the impurities in the test chemical. This often includes the need for efficient chromatographic separation of compounds which are closely related to the major component and to each other and are present in the sample at low concentrations relative to the major component. The following work was performed in support of toxicological studies of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene. These studies required that several specific halogenated hydrocarbon impurities be identified and quantitated. Some of these impurities are very similar in volatility to trans-1,2-dichloroethylene. Several gas chromatographic systems have been described for the analysis of halogenated hydrocarbons in complex matrices but these systems were found to be incapable of providing the separation necessary to perform this analysis. The gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) system described herein may be adaptable to the analysis of low concentration impurities in similar technical grade solvents and especially the separation, identification, and quantitation of rapidly eluting volatile components in these solvents.
Gas-phase structure of the E. coli OmpA dimer.

In this issue of Structure, Marcoux and colleagues use gas-phase collisional cross section (CCS) measured by ion-mobility mass spectrometry to analyze the CCS of oligomeric states of E. coli outer membrane OmpA. CCS of the dimer supports a model of paired periplasmic C-terminal domains projecting away from the transmembrane porins.
The Enriching Indigenous Southeast Asian Collections in Libraries Conference (e‐iseacol)

Purpose – To offer a conference report on the Enriching Indigenous Southeast Asian Collections in Libraries Conference held in Makati City, Manila, Philippines, 20‐21 April 2005.Design/methodology/approach – introduction and description of conference overview and specific paper presentations.Findings – Southeast Asian librarianship and information retrieval both within the region and abroad is expanding to include the widespread collection of ephemeral, local indigenous materials, which presents certain challenges that are the focus of the conference.Practical implications – Increasing the reach of a network of highly trained Southeast Asian librarians and information professionals.Originality/value – Librarians, scholars, and students of Southeast Asian studies, equipped with increasingly peripheral materials, will possess the tools necessary for continued research beyond the confines of the traditional center and majority populations. Local librarians are becoming empowered with the knowledge and techni...
The Effect of Intravenous Clonidine Hydrochloride on the Isolated Forearm Venous Segment in Heart Failure

The effects of intravenous (IV) clonidine (150 μg) on the isolated forearm venous segment of ten patients with heart failure were studied. Clonidine reduced pressure in the isolated venous segment of all patients (12.8 ±2.1 to 10.6 ±1.4 mm Hg, p
Exploring Careers in Deviance: A Joint Trajectory Analysis of Criminal Behavior and Substance Use in an Offender Population

Empirically, one of the most consistently observed correlations in social science inquiry is that of substance use and criminal behavior. Recently, these behaviors have been examined separately within longitudinal, career-based frameworks. This study assesses the joint distribution of crime and substance use over several years and identifies a number of latent classes reflecting trends in these behaviors. The study data come from a sample of 524 offenders released from California Youth Authority custody. In general, the two behaviors tend to ebb and flow together, but the overall prevalence of substance use over time, absent offending, suggests some degree of independence.
Participation in Internet Fantasy Sports Leagues and Mass Media Use

ABSTRACT Two hundred and forty sports fans sampled through internet message boards were surveyed to examine the relationship between participation in web-based fantasy sports leagues and mass media use. The study also looked at the influence participation in fantasy league sports has on the use of different media outlets to follow team results. Participation in interactive fantasy sports leagues was significantly related to an increase in traditional television, newspaper, and radio use. It is suggested that mass media managers should consider implementing interactive fantasy sports leagues via their websites in order to build customer loyalty and increase use of their traditional media properties.
Emotion at the Center of Radical Politics: On the Affective Structures of Rebellion and Control

: Through an examination of anarchist organizing and policing and security tactics at the 2008 Republican National Convention, this paper argues that the emotional connections between radical activists have become the targets of both social movement strategies for growth and police strategies for social control. As such, the emotions of activists are a site of intense political contestation. I introduce the concept of affective structures to develop an account of the relations between affect, emotion, and radical politics, and present these structures as both the means and the ends of contemporary anarchist organizing and state strategies for social control.
On-line drug metabolism in capillary electrophoresis. 1. Glucuronidation using rat liver microsomes.

A rat liver microsome pseudostationary phase has been used for the on-line capillary electrophoresis monitoring of glucuronidation. Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl-transferase (EC 2.4.1.17) containing microsomes was isolated from rat liver and directly injected onto neutrally coated capillary containing polymeric replaceable gels followed by injection of the substrate mixture. On-line glucuronidation was observed within 15 min without any sample preparation. The factors affecting the separation of glucuronides and parent compounds were investigated by varying the applied electric fields and the size (length and internal diameter) of capillary. The Michaelis-Menten parameters (K m and V max ) for the glucuronidation of 4-methyl-7-hydroxy coumarin and 4-nitrophenol were determined using the CE method and by off-line microsomal incubation. No significant differences were observed for K m and V max values for 4-methyl-7-hydroxycoumarin and 4-nitrophenol between on-line and off-line glucuronidation of these two compounds. This method was also used to determine the inhibition constant (IC 50 value) for the competitive inhibition of morphine glucuronidation by codeine, IC 50 (on-line) = 170 vs 580 μM (off-line). The results demonstrate that this method can be used to screen for the glucuronidation of test compounds and should reduce the time required for this screening process.
Controlling Organized Crime: Looking for Evidence-Based Approaches

Abstract Serious policy-relevant research on organized crime has been thwarted by ideological views, the failure to generate systematic data, and a single-minded law enforcement approach to its control. Correspondingly, there has been a failure to generate needed data for analysis and evaluation of anti–organized crime initiatives. This article summarizes the current situation, evaluates emerging work which is challenging past assumptions, and describes a data and research approach to develop more useful policy-relevant research on organized crime, based on evidence rather than ideology.
Improving treatment for depression in the nursing home population: integrating the model of the depression care manager.

Depression occurs frequently in nursing home residents despite high rates of antidepressant medication use and standardized assessments of residents' affect and mood. The 1995 National Nursing Home...
Resource allocation optimization for quantitative service differentiation on server clusters

The goal of service differentiation is to provide different service quality levels to meet changing system configuration and resource availability and to satisfy different requirements and expectations of applications and users. In this paper, we investigate the problem of quantitative service differentiation on cluster-based delay-sensitive servers. The goal is to support a system-wide service quality optimization with respect to resource allocation on a computer system while provisioning proportionality fairness to clients. We first propose and promote a square-root proportional differentiation model. Interestingly, both popular delay factors, queueing delay and slowdown, are reciprocally proportional to the allocated resource usage. We formulate the problem of quantitative service differentiation as a generalized resource allocation optimization towards the minimization of system delay, defined as the sum of weighted delay of client requests. We prove that the optimization-based resource allocation scheme essentially provides square-root proportional service differentiation to clients. We then study the problem of service differentiation provisioning from an important relative performance metric, slowdown. We give a closed-form expression of the expected slowdown of a popular heavy-tailed workload model with respect to resource allocation on a server cluster. We design a two-tier resource management framework, which integrates a dispatcher-based node partitioning scheme and a server-based adaptive process allocation scheme. We evaluate the resource allocation framework with different models via extensive simulations. Results show that the square-root proportional model provides service differentiation at a minimum cost of system delay. The two-tier resource allocation framework can provide fine-grained and predictable service differentiation on cluster-based servers.
An FTIR spectral investigation of the structural species found on alumina surfaces

Abstract The diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectra of several alumina powders indicate a mixture of bayerite and gibbsite as well as a dawsonite-like species on the surface. These latter surface species were formed by the reaction of surface sodium ion impurity along with water vapor and carbon dioxide adsorbed on the surface. The presence of sodium ions on the alumina surface enhanced the adsorption of carbon dioxide by the formation of a dawsonite-like species. The spectral results for this study can also be related to earlier results for carbon dioxide adsorption on γ-alumina (catalyst), and provide a new approach to interpret the infrared bands at 1520–1570 cm −1 and 1350–1410 cm −1 which are related to carbonate ions.
Quantitative fluorometry as a monitor for microvascular surgery

There is a clear need for effective methods of monitoring for postoperative occlusion of vessels in microvascular surgery. We have evaluated one technique, quantitative fluorometry, in the laboratory and clinically. Our laboratory study used rat abdominal flaps under conditions of controlled occlusion. We found accurate detection of vascular occlusion within 20 minutes, but we were unable to differentiate arterial from venous occlusion. Our clinical review of 34 microvascular cases (14 free flaps and 20 replantations) that employed fluorometry revealed corroboration of occlusion (indicated by another monitoring technique) in six cases and a diagnosis at variance with other monitoring methods in one case, thus preventing an operative exploration. We recommend the use of quantitative fluorometry as a primary or adjunctive method of monitoring when patency is in question and have outlined a protocol for clinical use.
Wheatley's ON THE DEATH OF A YOUNG LADY OF FIVE YEARS OF AGE

(1999). Wheatley's ON THE DEATH OF A YOUNG LADY OF FIVE YEARS OF AGE. The Explicator: Vol. 58, No. 1, pp. 10-13.
Influence of in vivo-incorporated fluoride on collagen metabolism by mouse calvaria in organ culture.

Abstract The synthesis and degradation of collagen by bones with high (0.107 per cent), moderate (0.041 per cent) and low (0.007 per cent) fluoride contents were assessed in organ culture, using half-calvaria of 5-day-old mice. Fluoride was incorporated into the half-calvaria before culture, during the entire period of bone formation. Collagen synthesis was measured by the conversion of [14C]-proline to [14C]-hydroxyproline, and collagen degradation by the release of hydroxyproline from bone. Fluoride inhibited the loss of hydroxyproline, both in control cultures and in the presence of parathyroid hormone. Calcitonin inhibited the release of hydroxyproline, and fluoride further reduced the loss from calcitonin-treated bones. Fluoride did not influence the conversion of [14C]-proline to [14C]-hydroxyproline, but enhanced the incorporation of newlysynthesized collagen into bone matrix, and reduced its subsequent loss by resorption. Parathyroid hormone suppressed collagen synthesis, and reduced the incorporation of [14C]-hydroxyproline into bone matrix.
Karyotypes of four passerine birds belonging to the families Turdidae, Mimidae, and Corvidae

The karyotypes of four passerine bird species are described: Robin (Turdus migratorius), family Turdidae; Brown Thrasher (Toxostoma rufum), family Mimidae; Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata), and Common Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), both family Corvidae. Diploid numbers and chromosome morphology of related species previously studied are compared with the results of the present study. Karyotypes of all the studied species have considerable similarities in the whole appearance and size grouping of the chromosomes within the karyotype, but detailed morphological analysis shows a clear difference between the karyotypes of the different species.
Prediction of coracoid thickness using a glenoid width-based model: implications for bone reconstruction procedures in chronic anterior shoulder instability.

Background Chronic anterior shoulder instability with glenoid bone loss can be a very challenging clinical problem. Significant bone loss is commonly managed with the Latarjet procedure. However, in some cases with severe glenoid bone loss, iliac crest bone grafting is required to obtain a graft of adequate size. Iliac crest bone graft is associated with high rates of donor-site complications. Whereas glenoid dimensions can be determined by use of 3-dimensional computed tomography reconstructions, the thickness of the coracoid cannot be easily measured. This study aims to define a ratio between glenoid width and coracoid thickness that can be used in preoperative planning to determine whether coracoid transfer will yield adequate bone graft to restore glenoid contour or whether iliac crest bone graft must be taken. Methods We studied 100 paired cadaveric scapulae (50 male and 50 female scapulae). The bony dimensions of the coracoid and glenoid were measured for each specimen. Results Coracoid and glenoid dimensions are provided. The mean thickness of the male coracoid was 35.4% of the width of the glenoid. The mean female coracoid thickness was 34.4% of the glenoid width. Discussion A new biomorphologic model is presented to predict coracoid thickness and the ability of the Latarjet procedure to restore stability to a given bone-deficient glenoid. This model may aid the shoulder surgeon in preoperative planning and help promote successful outcomes in glenoid reconstruction surgery by determining whether a Latarjet procedure or iliac crest bone graft is the most appropriate procedure given the predicted amount of coracoid bone graft available.
Defect inspection capability for advanced OPC photomasks

Advanced optical proximity correction (OPC) designs have resulted in many challenges for both the manufacturers of photomasks and automated defect inspection equipment. The successful manufacture of advanced OPC photomasks includes the ability to resolve the OPC features, complete an automated defect inspection that captures all of the defects of concern, and accurately recognize and disposition these defects. New defect types associated with OPC features are important and will print on a wafer or affect critical feature dimensions. Advances in defect detection on designs with OPC required breakthroughs by both the photomask and inspection system manufacturer. Process improvements focused on better resolving OPC features, along with advancements in automated defect inspection systems, have resulted in overall improvements in automated defect infection capability for OPC designs. The ability of OPC inspection algorithms to detect critical defects was confirmed with the DuPont VerithoroTM 890, the OPC3 programed defect test reticle, and defect capture occurrences on actual designs with advanced OPC features. Sensitivity improvements of up to 0.17 micrometer were demonstrated for both OPC and non-OPC type defects.
Quantitative structure-transportability relationship for the release of a series of substituted pyridines from a planar polydimethylsiloxane matrix

Abstract The release of 52 compounds into water, loaded at their solubility limits in a filler-supported polydimethylsiloxane matrix, was studied using a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) approach. Half of the compounds studied were benzene derivatives and half were pyridine derivatives. Solubility of all the solid compounds in the matrix was related to the melting point, molecular weight, partial atomic charge of the solutes and an indicator variable for the pyridine class. Release of the compounds from the matrix into water was matrix controlled with the initial release following the square root of time relationship. The slope of the linear portion of the Q vs √t plot was defined as the release coefficient. It was found that the release coefficient could be predicted by a QSAR model using melting point, hydrogen bonding energy group contribution, partial atomic charge and an indicator variable as predictors. Applicability of the model was examined by cross-validation. On the average, predicted results were accurate to within a factor of two for release coefficients over a 20000-fold range.
Dr Cavalli's wild ride

One afternoon late in 1987, the year I began working with him, Luca Cavalli-Sforza called me into his office. Laid out on his desk was a pencil-drawn diagram consisting of two parts. On the left Cavalli-Sforza had redrawn a tree of relationships among human populations derived from genetic data. On the right he had summarized the relationships among languages spoken by each population. In great excitement Cavalli-Sforza pointed out the extent of the correspondence between the two sides of the diagram. With that diagram he sowed the seeds of a debate that continues today: to what extent do human genetic and linguistic patterns correspond, and how did any such correspondence arise?
Maximizing the detection probability of overheating server components with sensor placement based on thermal dynamics

Abstract Server overheating has become a well-known issue in today's data centers that host a large number of high-density servers. The current practice of server overheating detection is to monitor the server inlet temperature with the temperature sensor on the server enclosure, or the CPU temperature with on-die thermal sensors. However, this is in contrast to the fact that different components in a server may have different overheating thresholds, which are closely related to their respective thermal failure rates and expected lifetimes. Moreover, the thermal correlation between the inlet (or CPU) and other server components can be different for every server model. As a result, relying on the single inlet or CPU temperature for server overheating detection is over-simplistic, which may lead to either degraded detection performance or false alarms that can result in excessive cooling power, leading to unnecessarily low inlet temperature. In this paper, we propose a model-based approach that leverages thermal dynamics to intelligently choose sensor placement locations for precise overheating server component detection. We first formulate the detection problem as a constrained optimization problem. We then adopt Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to establish the thermal model and analyze the thermal status of the server enclosure under various overheating conditions, such as inlet overheating, fan failures and CPU overloading. Based on the CFD analysis, we apply data fusion and advanced optimization techniques to find a near-optimal solution for sensor placement locations, such that the probability of detecting different overheating components is significantly improved. Our empirical results on a real rack server testbed demonstrate the detection performance of our solution. Extensive simulation results also show that the proposed solution outperforms other commonly used overheating monitoring solutions in terms of detection probability and error rate.
The effects of the researcher's physical attractiveness and gender on mail survey response

This study examines how using a photo in the cover letter of a mail survey affects mail survey response. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used that manipulated the physical attractiveness and gender of the supposed researcher that was depicted in the cover letter photo. In addition, a control group was used that received a cover letter without a photo. The results revealed the following: (1) a photo of the survey researcher does not enhance the response rate to the survey; (2) in the case of an attractive male researcher, a photo may dampen the response rate; and (3) within the factorial design, the only variable to have an effect on the survey's response rate was the gender variable: Photos depicting female researchers produced a higher response rate than photos depicting male researchers. This study also illustrated that a crude pretest of the survey procedures with students can, in some areas, produce fairly accurate predictions of the results of a field experiment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.