cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association of fractures with caffeine and alcohol in postmenopausal women: the Iowa Women's Health Study.

Objective To assess whether alcoholic and caffeinated beverages are associated with risk of fractures in women. Setting Population-based sample surveyed by post. Subjects A total of 34703 postmenopausal Iowan women aged 55–69 years were surveyed. Design A cohort of women reported alcoholic and caffeinated beverage intake and were followed for 6.5 years for fracture occurrence. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Covariates included age, tobacco use, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), oestrogen use and calcium intake. Results At least one fracture was reported by 4378 women (389 upper arm, 288 forearm, 1128 wrist, 275 hip, 416 vertebral and 2920 other fractures). The adjusted RR for highest versus lowest caffeine intake quintiles was 1.09 (95% CI 0.99–1.21) for combined fracture sites. Wrist fractures were associated positively (RR for extreme quintiles 1.37, 95% CI 1.11–1.69) and upper arm fractures were negatively associated (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.48–0.94) with caffeine intake. The age-adjusted RR of total fractures for highest versus lowest frequency of beer usage was 1.55 (95% CI 1.25–1.92) and for liquor was 1.25 (95% CI 1.03–1.54). No other association was found between any specific fracture site and alcohol intake. Conclusions We found a modest increase in fracture risk associated with highest caffeine intake, varying by site. Alcohol intake was low, but it also showed a weak positive association with fracture risk.
Maxillary breathing valves in the sharks Chlamydoselachus and Cetorhinus with notes on breathing valves in thirteen marine teleosts

Chlamydoselachus anguineus has, extending across the upper front mouth just behind the origin of the rear teeth of each row, a shelf of tissue forming a functional breathing valve. Valves of three types were found in five specimens. One has the hinder edge crescentic, another is like the head of a ‘broad arrow,’ and the third is intermediate in outline. A similar valve, crescentic in outline has been found in the upper front mouth of a 13-foot specimen of Cetorhinus maximus dissected in the American Museum. Breathing valves are briefly described in thirteen marine teleosts at Tortugas, Florida. Some fishes had only maxillary valves, some mandibular, and a few had both. These consist of thin folds of tissue which swing back and forth as the fish breathes. A brief summary is given of breathing valves in other teleosts and in sharks and rays. The function of breathing valves in fishes is to prevent regurgitation of water during expiration as the fish swims along with partly open mouth. It is also correlated with feeding where the food is impaled on the teeth and held for swallowing, or where the fish feeds on pelagic organisms collected by swimming along with open mouth.
Characterization of the Human Immune Response to a Polysaccharide Vaccine from Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Sera from humans vaccinated with a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide vaccine to Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunotype 1 (IT-1) were analyzed for duration of the immune response, specificity for the IT-1 determinant, and by assessing the immunoglobulin classes elicited. The ability of purified IgG, IgM, and IgA to interact with peripheral blood leukocytes, as well as purified polymorphonuclear neutrophils or mononuclear cells, was also examined in an opsonophagocytosis assay. Levels of antibody to IT-1 remained significantly (P < 0.001) elevated 21 months after immunization. Responses were generally specific to the IT-1 serotype determinant. Some vaccinees also responded to immunotype 2 and immunotype 5 determinants. IgG, IgM, and IgA serum antibodies were all elicited by vaccination. IgG and IgA were effective opsonins for P aeruginosa. IgM-mediated opsonophagocytosis required complement. Serum IgA was highly effective in conjunction with mononuclear cells in opsonophagocytosis of P aeruginosa, suggesting that these immune components may be capable of protecting neutropenic hosts. The role of antibody, complement, and phagocytic cells in human immunity to infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is well documented. Studies in animals [1] and patients [2-4] have suggested that antibodies to the lipopolysaccharide are associated with protection from death related to P aeruginosa sepsis. The requirement for phagocytic cells is indicated by the increased susceptibility of leukopenic patients to P aeruginosa infection [5] and by the resistance to bactericidal
Use of commercial Artemia replacement diets in culturing larval American lobsters (Homarus americanus)

Abstract This work reports on the successful incorporation of commercial formulated Artemia replacement diets as 50% of a larval American lobster diet. Combination diets of either live Artemia nauplii or frozen adult n-3 fatty acid enriched Artemia with a rotation of three commercial formulated diets resulted in equivalent survival to stage IV (19–25%), postlarval size and subsequent early juvenile performance compared to an Artemia nauplii plus frozen Artemia combination diet. A 100% formulated diet resulted in reduced larval survival (6%) and postlarval size, while a larval diet of 100% frozen adult Artemia resulted in reduced postlarval quality and early juvenile performance. The much lower price of the formulated diets compared to the prices of Artemia nauplii and frozen Artemia makes its inclusion in the lobster larval diet the most cost-effective diet choice.
Applying an interdisciplinary approach to teaching computer ethics

The question of who should teach courses on ethical aspects of technology continues to be debated in the computer ethics literature. A central question is whether such courses should be taught by philosophy faculty or by computer science/engineering faculty. This analysis focuses on computer ethics instruction within the undergraduate computer science curriculum.
Insight into Sup35(7-13) Misfolding and Interactions using Molecular Dynamics Simulation

The misfolding of amyloidogenic proteins as a molecular switch can lead to Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, prion diseases and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, the molecular mechanism of the misfolding is not well understood. In our recent AFM force spectroscopy study of a yeast prion Sup35 protein fragment (CGNNQQNY), we have shown that this peptide forms stable misfolded dimers. Electrostatic interactions contribute to the formation of dimers and peptide self-assembly into aggregates1. In this study, we applied Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation to elucidate the mechanism by which the peptide assembles into dimers. At μs timescale, the isolated peptide monomer [Cys6]Sup35(6-13) adopted a non-structured β-turn/bend-like conformations. Upon approaching, the two monomers changed their initial conformation and formed a dimer with a well-defined antiparallel β-sheet structure. Steered MD approach was applied to analyze the rupture process for the dimer. The results showed that the dimer dissociates cooperatively resulting in a sharp rupture peak corresponding to breakage of the β-sheet structure. Altogether, the MD simulations revealed a critical role of the interpeptide interaction in the misfolding process, and provided additional support to our hypothesis on the key role of the dimerization on the amyloid aggregation process.
Rapid elastic image registration for 3-D ultrasound

A Subvolume-based algorithm for elastic Ultrasound REgistration (SURE) was developed and evaluated. Designed primarily to improve spatial resolution in three-dimensional compound imaging, the algorithm registers individual image volumes nonlinearly before combination into compound volumes. SURE works in one or two stages, optionally using MIAMI Fuse/spl copy/ software first to determine a global affine registration before iteratively dividing the volume into subvolumes and computing local rigid registrations in the second stage. Connectivity of the entire volume is ensured by global interpolation using thin-plate splines after each iteration. The performance of SURE was quantified in 20 synthetically deformed in vivo ultrasound volumes, and in two phantom scans, one of which was distorted at acquisition by placing an aberrating layer in the sound path. The aberrating layer was designed to induce beam aberrations reported for the female breast. Synthetic deformations of 1.5-2.5 mm were reduced by over 85% when SURE was applied to register the distorted image volumes with the original ones. Registration times were below 5 min on a 500-MHz CPU for an average data set size of 13MB. In the aberrated phantom scans, SURE reduced the average deformation between the two volumes from 1.01 to 0.30mm. This was a statistically significant (P=0.01) improvement over rigid and affine registration transformations, which produced reductions to 0.59 and 0.50 mm, respectively.
In vitro parameter optimization for spatial control of focused ultrasound ablation when using low boiling point phase-change nanoemulsions

Phase-shift nanoemulsions (PSNEs) provide cavitation sites when the perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanodroplets (ND) are vaporized to microbubbles by acoustic energy. Their presence lowers the power required to ablate tissue by high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), potentially making it a safer option for a broader range of treatment sites. However, spatial control over the ablation region can be problematic when cavitation is used to enhance heating. This study explored relationships between vaporization, ablation, and the PSNE concentration in vitro to optimize the acoustic intensity and insonation time required for spatially controlled ablation enhancement using a PSNE that included a volatile PFC component. HIFU (continuous wave at 1 MHz; insonation times of 5, 10, 15, and 20 s; cool-down times of 2, 4, and 6 s; peak negative pressures of 2, 3, and 4 MPa) was applied to albumin-acrylamide gels containing PFC agents (1:1 mix of volatile decafluorobutane and more stable dodecafluoropentane at 105 to 108 PFC ND per milliliter) or agent-free controls. Vaporization fields (microbubble clouds) were imaged by conventional ultrasound, and ablation lesions were measured directly by calipers. Controlled ablation was defined as the production of ‘cigar’-shaped lesions corresponding with the acoustic focal zone. This control was considered to be lost when ablation occurred in prefocal vaporization fields having a predominantly ‘tadpole’ or oblong shape. Changes in the vaporization field shape and location occurred on a continuum with increasing PSNE concentration and acoustic intensity. Working with the maximum concentration-intensity combinations resulting in controlled ablation demonstrated a dose-responsive relationship between insonation time and volumes of both the vaporization fields (approximately 20 to 240 mm3) and the ablation lesions (1 to 135 mm3) within them. HIFU ablation was enhanced by this PSNE and could be achieved using intensities ≤650 W/cm2. Although the ablation lesions were located within much larger microbubble clouds, optimum insonation times and intensities could be selected to achieve an ablation lesion of desired size and location for a given PSNE concentration. This demonstration of controllable enhancement using a PSNE that contained a volatile PFC component is another step toward developing phase-shift nanotechnology as a potential clinical tool to improve HIFU.
Predictors of failed enema reduction in childhood intussusception

Abstract Background Initial management of intussusception is enema reduction. Data are scarce on predicting which patients are unlikely to have a successful reduction. Therefore, we reviewed our experience to identify factors predictive of enema failure. Methods A retrospective review of all episodes of intussusception over the past 10 years was conducted. Demographics, presentation variables, colonic extent of intussusceptions, and hospital course were collected. Extent of intussusception was classified as right, transverse, descending, and rectosigmoid. Episodes were grouped as success or failure of enema reduction and compared using the Student t test for continuous variables and χ 2 test for dichotomous variables. Significance was P less than .05. Results We identified 405 episodes of intussusception and 371 attempts at enema reduction. There were 285 successful enema reductions. There was no difference between groups in age; sex; or the presence of emesis, fever, or abdominal mass. The failed enema group was more likely to have had symptoms over 24 hours before presentation ( P = .006), bloody diarrhea ( P P P Conclusion Predictors of failed enema reduction of intussusception include presence of symptoms over 24 hours, diarrhea, lethargy, and distal extent of intussusception.
Neurochemical organization of the hypothalamic projection to the spinal cord in the rat.

The hypothalamus provides a major projection to the spinal cord that innervates primarily lamina I of the dorsal horn and the sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic cell columns. We have examined the chemical organization of the neurons that contribute to this pathway by using combined retrograde transport of fluorescent dyes and immunohistochemistry for 15 different putative neurotransmitters or their synthetic enzymes. Our results demonstrate that 5 cytoarchitectonically distinct cell groups in the hypothalamus contribute to the spinal projection and that each has its own predominant chemical types. In the paraventricular nucleus, substantial numbers of hypothalamo-spinal neurons stain with antisera against arginine vasopressin (25-35%), oxytocin (20-25%), and metenkephalin (10%). About 25% of the neurons with spinal projections in the retrochiasmatic area stain with an antiserum against α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. Nearly 100% of the hypothalamo-spinal neurons in the tuberal lateral hypothalamic area stain with this same antiserum, but these cells do not stain for other proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides, and so probably contain a cross-reacting peptide. This population must be distinguished from an adjacent cell group, in the perifornical region, where many spinal projection neurons stain with antisera against dynorphin (25%) or atrial natriuretic peptide (20%). Finally, in the dorsal hypothalamic area as many as 55-75% of the neurons with spinal projections are dopaminergic, on the basis of their staining with an antiserum against tyrosine hydroxylase. These 5 neurochemically distinct projections from the hypothalamus to the spinal cord are discussed in the context of their possible functional significance.
Topological transformation approaches to TCAM-based packet classification

Several range reencoding schemes have been proposed to mitigate the effect of range expansion and the limitations of small capacity, large power consumption, and high heat generation of ternary content addressable memory (TCAM)-based packet classification systems. However, they all disregard the semantics of classifiers and therefore miss significant opportunities for space compression. In this paper, we propose new approaches to range reencoding by taking into account classifier semantics. Fundamentally different from prior work, we view reencoding as a topological transformation process from one colored hyperrectangle to another, where the color is the decision associated with a given packet. Stated another way, we reencode the entire classifier by considering the classifier's decisions rather than reencode only ranges in the classifier ignoring the classifier's decisions as prior work does. We present two orthogonal, yet composable, reencoding approaches: domain compression and prefix alignment. Our techniques significantly outperform all previous reencoding techniques. In comparison to prior art, our experimental results show that our techniques achieve at least five times more space reduction in terms of TCAM space for an encoded classifier and at least three times more space reduction in terms of TCAM space for a reencoded classifier and its transformers. This, in turn, leads to improved throughput and decreased power consumption.
Magnification of conic mirror reflectometers

Conic mirror reflectometers are used to measure the diffuse reflectance and total integrated scatter of surfaces. In spite of the long history of using conic mirrors for these purposes, the maximum magnification of the three primary types of conic mirror (hemisphere, hemiellipsoid, and dual paraboloid) had not been compared quantitatively. To our knowledge, an exact magnification formula has not been published for any of the three primary conic mirrors. The maximum magnification is needed for proper sizing of detectors and radiation sources used with reflectometers. Exact analytical expressions for the maximum magnification of a Coblentz hemisphere, a hemiellipsoid, and a dual-paraboloid mirror system are derived and compared.
Direct numerical simulations of riblets to constrain the growth of turbulent spots

A spectral direct numerical simulation (DNS) code was used to study the growth and spreading of turbulent spots in a nominally laminar, zero-pressure-gradient boundary layer. In addition to the flat-plate case, the interaction of these spots with riblets was investigated. The flat plate, riblets and initial spot perturbation were simulated via an immersed boundary method, and a ‘suction wall’ allowed the available channel code to model a boundary layer. In both flat-wall and riblet cases, self-similar arrowheadshaped spots formed. The λ2 variable of Jeong & Hussain (1995) was used to visualize the vortical structures within a spot, and a spot was seen to consist primarily of a multitude of entwined hairpin vortices. The range of scales of the hairpin vortices was found to increase as the spot matures. Ensemble averaging was used to obtain more accurate results for the spot spreading angle, both for the flat-wall case and the riblet case. The spreading angle for the flat-wall spot was 6.3 ◦ , in reasonably good agreement with prior DNS work. The spreading angle for the spot over riblets was 5.4 ◦ , a decrease of 14 % compared with the flat-wall.
A Tale of Two Representations: The Misinformation Effect and Children's Developing Theory of Mind

The present research investigates representational ability as a cognitive factor underlying the suggestibility of children's eyewitness memory. The misinformation effect is used as an index of children's suggestibility, and performance on the false belief task is used as an assessment of children's representational abilities (N = 117). Analyses that considered the effect of representational ability and general memory ability on children's susceptibility to misleading information showed that differences in representational ability and general memory ability predicted participants' susceptibility to misleading information. These results demonstrate that the eyewitness memory of children who lack either multirepresentational abilities, sufficient general memory abilities, or both (i.e., most 3- and 4-year-olds) is less accurate than the eyewitness memory of children with both multirepresentational abilities and sufficient memory abilities (i.e., most 6-year-olds and adults). Thus, it appears that the earliest age at which children's eyewitness memory can be considered to be similar to that of adults is 6 years of age, when children's mental representational abilities are similar to those of adults. These results suggest that one factor underlying children's vulnerability to misleading information is the number of representations of an event that they can simultaneously hold and compare.
Synthesis and characterization of Au-core Ag-shell nanoparticles from unmodified apoferritin

Narrow-size distributed, water-soluble Au-core Ag-shell nanoparticles with a size range from 1 to 5 nm are synthesized using unmodified apoferritin as a template. Fast protein liquid chromatography reveals that the nanoparticles are formed inside the apoferritin cavity and are stable in aqueous solution. Electron microscopy shows that the particles are uniform in size and composed of both Au and Ag. In addition, extended X-ray absorption fine structure confirms that the particles have a core–shell structure with a Au core covered with a Ag shell. By varying the loading amounts of the silver precursor, the Ag shell thickness is controlled from one layer to several layers.
Aspectos morfosintácticos de la relativización en shipibo-konibo (pano)

The present article discusses crucial morpho-syntactic aspects of relative constructions in Shipibo-Konibo, a Panoan language spoken in the Peruvian Amazon. The analysis is predominantly based on data extracted from spontaneous texts. Shipibo-Konibo exhibits a number of features that are uncommon in the languages of the world, such as the coexistence of prenominal, postnominal, and internally-headed relative clauses using the gap strategy. Also, the anaphoric pronoun strategy is attested in subject relativization, even when the relative clause precedes its head nominal. Although the same form can be employed to relativize different syntactic positions (A, S, O), in transitive internallyheaded relative clauses it is the object argument that must be interpreted as nucleus and hence as co-referential with an argument in the matrix clause. Given that internally-headed relatives also allow for intransitive subject relativization, they show an absolutive distribution. This constitutes the only instance of syntactic ergativity in an otherwise morphologically ergative but syntactically accusative language.
Geographic differences in traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury rehabilitation

Background/aims: To examine potential geographic differences among individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) in demographics, rehabilitation services/costs, and outcomes at one year follow-up. Methods: 152 participants with TBI from the Missouri Model Brain Injury System and 149 participants with SCI from the Missouri Model Spinal Cord Injury System were enrolled at initial acute or rehabilitation hospitalization and followed for one year. Measures included demographics, rehabilitative services/costs, functional independence measure, residency at discharge, and substance use. Findings: Few differences in demographics or rehabilitation services were found when comparing rural and urban groups, and there were no differences in one year outcomes measured. Conclusions: The results suggest that, contrary to expectations, individuals with severe disabilities in rural areas do not necessarily experience worse outcomes than those in urban areas, indicating potential improvements i...
Anomalous Bulk Current Effects in Trench-Based Integrated Power Transistors

This letter reports on anomalous bulk current effects in vertically integrated power transistors. The transistors use trench processing to make a vertical stack of gate oxide and drift oxide, the latter being used to completely deplete the drift region. The bulk current - a direct measure for the maximum impact ionization in the device - is shown to reach a maximum at intermediate drain voltage, and decreases for increasing drain voltage. The latter has important consequences for the hot carrier reliability evaluation of the transistors. A comparison between a standard lateral DMOS and a trench-based MOS is made.
Traffic analysis of rectangular SW-banyan networks

This paper describes an algorithm to route packets in Rectangular SW-Banyans. A packet switching scheme is modelled on single and double sided SW-Banyans and the results presented. Effects of queue lengths and processor configurations on performance are studied. Prevention of deadlocks in the network is discussed.
Sex, hypermasculinity, and hyperfemininity in perception of social cues in neutral interactions.

Sexual coercion is a prevalent problem on U.S. college campuses. One potential avenue by which it may occur is the misinterpretation of social cues, and such misperception may be mediated by extreme sex role adherence, i.e., hypermasculinity and hyperfemininity. 62 undergraduate students viewed a film of a neutral interaction between a college-aged man and woman. Subsequently, participants indicated which behaviors they remembered the opposite-sex actor performing, offered a prediction as to the outcome of the scenario and what they would do had they been in a similar situation, and then completed either the Hypermasculinity Inventory or the Hyperfemininity Scale. Scores on the former correlated negatively with recall accuracy, and men indicated that they were more likely to date and have sex with the actress than women reported being likely to date or have sex with the actor. Women reported a high perceived likelihood of dating the actor coupled with the expectation that he would have sex with the actress. Likewise, women expected to be sexually coerced by the actor had they been in a similar situation. Social implications of these findings and possible research are discussed.
Implementing a dietary intervention in primary care practice: a process evaluation.

Abstract Objectives. Physicians acknowledge the need to advise their patients about dietary habits, but they may not have the training or tools to do this efficiently. In the context of a randomized trial, we investigated the feasibility of enlisting physicians to implement a dietary intervention in the primary care setting. Methods. Physicians from 14 primary care practices were assigned via randomization to introduce a self-help booklet to promote dietary change at routine appointments. Delivery of the booklet was recorded by these intervention physicians at the clinic appointment; intervention participants were asked 3 months later in a telephone interview about whether they received and used the booklet. Results. According to physician documentation, 95 % of intervention participants who kept an appointment (n = 935) received the booklet; among participants completing a month interview (n = 890), 96% reported the same. However only about 50% of participants reported receiving the booklet from their ph...
Signal quality of endovascular electroencephalography.

Objective, Approach. A growing number of prototypes for diagnosing and treating neurological and psychiatric diseases are predicated on access to high-quality brain signals, which typically requires surgically opening the skull. Where endovascular navigation previously transformed the treatment of cerebral vascular malformations, we now show that it can provide access to brain signals with substantially higher signal quality than scalp recordings. Main results. While endovascular signals were known to be larger in amplitude than scalp signals, our analysis in rabbits borrows a standard technique from communication theory to show endovascular signals also have up to 100× better signal-to-noise ratio. Significance. With a viable minimally-invasive path to high-quality brain signals, patients with brain diseases could one day receive potent electroceuticals through the bloodstream, in the course of a brief outpatient procedure.
Fatness, Fitness, Stiffness, and Age How Does it Lead to Heart Failure?*

There is no proven effective treatment for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) [(1)][1], making prevention even more important. To design preventive trials, we must first understand which people are at the highest risk for HFpEF, and why they are so vulnerable. HFpEF is associated
Discussion of Dianne Elise’s Paper “Unraveling: Betrayal and the Loss of Goodness in the Analytic Relationship”

This discussion explores the far-reaching consequences of betrayal of patients, both at the individual and at the social level. Considering the variety of betrayal’s Elise describes, there are many deep effects on patients, on the field, on institutions, on a sense of the ethics of the profession and public trust. Particularly interesting and important in Elise’s paper is the long-ranging effect on many treatments beyond the original dyad. I would argue that betrayal is among the most profoundly important and damaging situation psychoanalysts and psychoanalysis faces. This discussion notices Bleger’s theory of the setting to consider how deeply events outside a treatment but connected to institutions and communities can impact psychoanalytic work. Crises and betrayals in the field (large and small) deserve our most careful attention. In this discussion the role of shame in the context of betrayals and damage to patients is discussed.
Abstract 5009: Stem cells and their signals during skin tumor regression.

Basic mechanisms of tissue development and regeneration are often hijacked during Cancer. A subset of skin squamous cell carcinoma is known to be able to spontaneously self-regress. These tumors are commonly referred as Keratoacanthoma and thought to arise from the skin hair follicle. Because skin hair follicles undergo continuous growth and regression, we hypothesized that the molecular mechanisms that regulate hair follicle regression drive Keratoacanthoma self-regression. In order to test this hypothesis we ask 1) what is the cellular origin of Keratoacanthoma, 2) and what signaling mechanisms are responsible for Keratoacanthoma self-regression. First, in order to understand the cellular origin of Keratoacanthoma, we utilize a genetic lineage tracing approach in combination with a DMBA-based chemical carcinogenesis protocol that recapitulates human Keratoacanthoma growth and self-regression in mice. Given that the location and identity of hair follicle stem cells has been identified, we utilize a spatially restricted Tamoxifen inducible CreER mouse line that specifically label hair follicle stem cells and their descendants (K19CreER;GFPr). By these means, we found that GFP labeled cells are observed within Keratoacanthoma tumors, thus suggesting that hair follicle stem cells contribute to the development of the self-regressing Keratoacanthoma tumors. Second, in order to identify the molecular mechanisms that drive Keratoacanthoma self-regression, we use a parallel approach of both human and mouse transcriptional analysis of Keratoacanthoma during either growth or regression. By focusing on signaling pathways that regulate hair follicle regression, we found that Wnt signaling is switched off during Keratoacanthoma self regression in both human and mouse Keratoacanthomas by immunofluorescence and real time PCR approaches. We are currently testing 1) whether Wnt is sufficient and/or required for Keratoacanthoma regression behavior and 2) what is upstream of Wnt down-regulation during the regression phase by genetic and sequencing approaches. The identification of the cells and signals that regulate Keratoacanthoma tumor growth and regression will provide key clues on the relevant cell populations and signaling that will likely be proper targets in other tumors beyond Keratoacanthomas, and allow for the design of treatment strategies that exploit stem cell regression pathways to switch off stem cell populations in cancerous tissues. Acknowledgements: New York Stem Cell Foundation (NYSCF) Postdoctoral Fellowship Grant (GZ) and ACS grant #121966-RSG-12-059-01-DDC (VG). Citation Format: Giovanni Zito, Ichiko Saotome, Valentina Greco. Stem cells and their signals during skin tumor regression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5009. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5009
Immunohistochemical characterization of reactive and neoplastic mast cells.

Mast cells are connective tissue elements likened to unicellular endocrine organs because of the wide diversity of physiologic and pathologic events associated with the secretion of biologically active compounds. Using an immunoperoxidase method (PAP), we studied tissue from patients with benign and malignant systemic mastocytosis and with a variety of reactive conditions. The following immunoreactive antigens were identified in mast cells: a heparinlike compound or compounds (HLC), prostaglandin, serotonin, and fibronectin. HLC is constantly present, staining mast cells in a granular fashion from most lesions. Serotonin and prostaglandin stain in a diffuse cytoplasmic manner in occasional lesions. Fibronectin is found in a surface location in selected cases. We found no clear association between the immunoreactivity of one compound in mast cells and one clinical symptom, e.g., HCL with bleeding, prostaglandin, or serotonin with systemic vasomotor activity or fibronectin with increased tissue fibrosis. However, patients with localized and systemic disease had symptoms that might have been attributed to more than one compound. Only occasional patients with reactive conditions showed such symptoms. The presence of these compounds, either alone or in combination, did not separate benign from malignant conditions. Other cells within selected tissues also stained with the antibodies tested. Despite the lack of exclusivity, these antibodies are useful in identifying mast cells within tissue sections and may have a role in the study of mast cell constituents.
Sociopsychological predictors of affiliation with alcoholics anonymous a longitudinal study of “treatment success”

Alcoholics Anonymous represent one of the fewclearly successful treatment approaches for alcoholism. In an attempt to delineate the dynamics of this approach, six propositions were derived from previous research on A. A. and tested in a longitudinal study of post-discharge A. A. affiliation among 378 white males treated for alcoholism in a state hospital. Unlike previous studies, the present effort employed full-fledged affiliation with A. A. as the criterion for “success” in this post-discharge maintenance regimen. Through stepwise multiple regression, 24 variables emerged from a battery of 81 possible social and psychological predictors as the set of significant predictors. Propostions were tested by comparison with this set, indicating (1) affiliative needs, (2) experience of intensive labeling as an alcoholic, (3) physical stability previous to treatment, and (4) proneness to guilt to be significant predictors of successful affiliation. Propositions not supported by the data were (1) ego strength and self reliance, (2) social stability previous to treatment, and (3) middle class background and experience. Results indicate the predictive prominence of psychological predispositions to be greater than social attributes, implying the importance of relatively fixed psychological traits in accounting for success in a sociotherapeutic regimen.
Sufficient dimension reduction for longitudinal data

Correlation structure contains important information about longitudinal data. Existing sufficient dimension reduction approaches assuming independence may lead to substantial loss of efficiency. We apply the quadratic inference function to incorporate the correlation information and apply the transformation method to recover the central subspace. The proposed estimators are shown to be consistent and more efficient than the ones assuming independence. In addition, the esti- mated central subspace is also efficient when the correlation information is taken into account. We compare the proposed method with other dimension reduction approaches through simulation studies, and apply this new approach to longitudinal data for an environmental health study.
Family Science: Historical Roots, Theoretical Foundations, and Disciplinary Identity

This article describes the historical emergence of family science as a unique academic discipline with broad interdisciplinary ties. It lays out the substantive areas and parameters of the field, its theoretical and research foundations, dimensions of professional engagement with families, and ethical guidelines for professional practice. It further outlines career opportunities in family science, along with their corollary requirements for academic preparation and licensure.
Normative and Reliability Data for the Standard and the Cross-Validated Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale

In 1960 Marlowe and Crowne published a new scale for the measurement of the social desirability response and later (Crowne & Marlowe, 1964) reviewed relevant research. Goldfried (1964) did a cross-validation of the MC items, which resulted in 17 items for males and 15 items for females being retained as valid. Normative data for the standard and cross-validated (CV) forms of the MC and reliability of the two forms are reported here. Ss were 425 male and 225 female Peace Corps volunteers in nine training programs. The mean age was 22 yr., with only a few Ss older than 25 yr.; the great majority (some 90%) were college graduates. The MC was given as part of a battery of psychological tests dur~ng the latter part of the first week of training, and Ss were told that the MC would be utilized for research purposes only, i.e., it was not part of the assessment battery. The results for the standard MC are: Males, M = 16.10, SD = 6.78; Females, M = 16.42, SD = 6.51; and for the CV are: Males, M = 9.34, SD = 3.61; Females, M = 8.39, SD = 3.30. The correlation between the standard and the CV form for males is .93 and for females .92. The consistently higher score of females over males reported by Marlowe and Crowne (1964) is not supported by these data. This sample of males had a higher score (CR = 2.66, p < .05) than Marlowe and Crowne's male college students (M = 15.06) but the means for females were similar (16.42 and 16.82). The present sample mean was higher (M = 16.20, SD = 6.70; CR = 5.61, < .001) than that of Goldfried's sample (M = 12.9), and the means for the CV form for both males and females are correspondingly significantly higher than Goldfried's (Ms of 7.36 and 7.08, respectively) . Reliability was assessed over a one week interval. For both 90 males and 57 females. means on both the standard and CV forms were significantly (p < .001) lower on retest. For the total sample, the mean on retest for the standard form was 2.15 points lower (r = 34; t = 6.8, p < ,001). The mean on retest, for males, on the CV form was 1.04 points lower (r = .79; c = 4.19, p < .001) and for females, 1.23 points lower (r = .77; r = 4.13, < .001). Marlowe and Crowne report a test-retest T of .88 after a 1-mo. interval but did not present means.
Survey of Aluminum Pollution in Food in Handan City

[Objective]To investigate the Aluminum pollution in food in Handan City,and provide scientific evidence for pollution control.[Methods]Aluminum content in samples was determined by chrome azurol S spectrophotometry after treatment.[Results]A total of 68 samples were detected,Aluminum content ranged from 5.00 ~10 522 mg/kg.50% samples were over100 mg/kg.[Conclusion]Aluminum pollution is serious in cruller,jellyfish and vermicelli.The related department should strengthen supervision and detection.
Multi-layer Temporal Data Model Supporting Multi-modality Fusion Entity Search in Heterogeneous Information Spaces

Faced with a large number of associated heterogeneous entities such as projects,authors,papers,products,movies with temporal information in heterogeneous information spaces,an entity and association centered multi-layer temporal data model,named multi-layer temporal entity network MTE-Network,was proposed which captures temporal information of entities and associations effectively.Moreover,multi-modality query model of entity search was proposed which supports users to search entities and related entities of any entity class in heterogeneous information spaces,and supports entity search on entity level,entity aggregation level and time line,and it can satisfy the information needs of users' multi-modality entity search.The experimental results on real data set demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed temporal data model and query model.
Transgender Individuals' Social Support Experiences in Central Appalachia

OF DISSERTATION TRANSGENDER INDIVIDUALS’ SOCIAL SUPPORT EXPERIENCES IN CENTRAL APPALACHIA The majority of empirical studies in transgender psychology have focused on the negative experiences of urban transgender individuals (Grossman & D’Augelli, 2007; Koken, Bimbi, & Parsons, 2009; Melendez & Pinto, 2007; Singh & McKleroy, 2011; Strain & Shuff, 2010; Xavier, Bobbin, Singer, & Budd, 2005). Less is known about the experiences of rural transgender individuals (Fassinger & Arseneau, 2007; Grossman, 2008) especially in Central Appalachia (Gray, 2009). The purpose of this study was to examine transgender individuals’ perceptions of social support in Central Appalachia. Bronfenbrenner’s (1977) ecological model framed the analysis of social support experiences within the culture of Central Appalachia. I conducted 25 in-depth semistructured interviews with transgender individuals residing in Central Appalachia using a protocol that was pilot tested and revised. Systematic grounded theory (Strauss & Corbin, 1990, 1998) guided the research design and analyses. Findings suggested that participants’ perceived social support from familial (11) and non-familial (19) sources. Perceived support manifested as identity (15), emotional (three), and practical (four) support which seemed to help compensate for the lack of transgender-specific resources in much of Central Appalachia. Implications for further research and psychological service delivery are discussed.
Verification of Fowler-Nordheim electron tunneling mechanism in Ni/SiO 2 /n-4H SiC and n + poly-Si/SiO 2 /n-4H SiC MOS devices by different models

Abstract This article emphasizes verification of Fowler–Nordheim electron tunneling mechanism in the Ni/SiO 2 / n -4H SiC MOS devices by developing three different kinds of models. The standard semiconductor equations are categorically solved to obtain the change in Fermi energy level of semiconductor with effect of temperature and field that extend support to determine sustainable and accurate tunneling current through the oxide layer. The forward and reverse bias currents with variation of electric field are simulated with help of different models developed by us for MOS devices by applying adequate conditions. The latter is quite different from former in terms of tunneling mechanism in the MOS devices. The variation of barrier height with effect of quantum mechanical, temperature, and fields is considered as effective barrier height for the generation of current–field ( J – F ) curves under forward and reverse biases but quantum mechanical effect is void in the latter. In addition, the J – F curves are also simulated with variation of carrier concentration in the n -type 4H SiC semiconductor of MOS devices and the relation between them is established.
Wilson and the Vicissitudes of Economic Insolvency (1966–70)

The general election of 1966 had given the Wilson government a good deal more than the ample parliamentary majority that it required for a normal term of office. It also increased the authority of the Prime Minister, for it seemed that it was his personal qualities, as compared with those of the new Conservative leader, Edward Heath, that had won for the government its vote of confidence. The old suspicion of leadership in the party, which was a legacy of 1931, was now fading away as the parliamentary party changed in composition. The trade-union element was weaker than before: only six of the 65 new M.P.s were of the traditional trade-union type, and over half of the Labour M.P.s were now university graduates. While some people might regret the changes, nobody could deny that there was plenty of talent on the government benches.
Chaotic architectures for secure free-space optical communication

Free-Space Optical (FSO) communication provides very large bandwidth, relatively low cost, low power, low mass of implementation, and improved security when compared to conventional Free-Space Radio-Frequency systems. Secure FSO communications has usually been proposed through the use of laser N-slit-interferometers. This technique, however, works over relatively short propagation distances, particularly for deep-space communication. In this paper, we propose the use of chaotic systems combined with FSO in order to achieve robust longer-range communication while maintaining the inherent security in chaotic systems targeting both space and terrestrial applications. Chaotic systems show particular characteristics such as broadband noise-like signals with multi-path fading resistance, unpredictability, and sensitivity to initial conditions which make it difficult for unintentional receivers to synchronize to the chaotic signal. We also propose the use of FPGAs as the implementation technology that could meet the demanding real-time requirements of FSO communications. The experimental results show favorable characteristics of our approach.
Corporate Social Responsibility: ThirdPlaceLearning for Absorbing Diverse Perspectives

In this chapter, we consider the stakeholder approach to proactive corporate social responsibility (CSR), which hinges on company executives and managers absorbing diverse stakeholder perspectives and vice versa, so that communication and decision-making can be meaningful. The ThirdPlaceLearning (TPL) framework, with associated relational criteria, facilitates systematically learning and absorbing the diversity of stakeholder perspectives. Application of TPL in this way represents a paradigm shift toward absorbing stakeholder and contextual complexity. This paradigm shift underpins complexification of business structures and processes, skillful management of diversity, and improvement of financial performance, as well as ensuring social and environmental sustainability. Together, these attributes can help businesses nurture proactive CSR, which in turn can help successfully avoid or respond to crises.
Shifting Ventricular Fibrillation Drive Mechanism as Time Progresses: Evidence From Explanted Human Hearts.

It has been known for 85 years that ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a dynamic process. In a foundational study, Wiggers [(1)][1] used high-speed photography to show that VF progresses through a series of stages. Much more has been learned as cardiac mapping technology has progressed. In cardiac
Frequency-halved orthogonally polarized vector soliton states from a single fiber laser source

An ultrafast pulse train composed of co-generated, consecutive, equal intensity and orthogonally polarized pulses is experimentally shown for the first time in a vector soliton mode-locked fiber laser.
Teaching Effectiveness: Evaluation and Improvement

(1991). Teaching Effectiveness: Evaluation and Improvement. Hospitality & Tourism Educator: Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 8-13.
Depressive symptoms and cognitive functioning among older adults with cancer.

Objective: The US population of older adults is growing, with an increase in diseases like cancer. As cancer rates increase, there is a concomitant increase in adverse correlates, such as cognitive...
Tomorrow’s Human–Machine Design Tools: From Levels of Automation to Interdependencies:

The growth of sophistication in machine capabilities must go hand in hand with growth of sophistication in human–machine interaction capabilities. To continue advancement as we build today’s intelligent machines, designers need formative tools for creating sociotechnical systems. In this article, we will briefly assess the appropriateness of “levels of automation” as a tool for designing human–machine systems. Additionally, we present coactive design and interdependence analysis as a viable alternative tool moving forward into more advanced and sophisticated human–machine systems.