cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regional Distribution of Protein Kinases in Normal and Odor-deprived Mouse Olfactory Bulbs

Unilateral naris closure produced dramatic down-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression in periglomerular dopaminergic neurons in the olfactory bulb. To explore molecular mechanisms of TH gene regulation, the present study investigated the regional distribution of protein kinase A (PKAα ), protein kinase C (PKCα ), and CaM kinases II (CaMKIIα , β) and IV (CaMKIV) in the normal olfactory bulb and in response to odor deprivation. Strong PKAα immunostaining was found in the glomerular, granule cell, external plexiform and olfactory nerve layers. PKCα staining was strong in granule cell and external plexiform layers but weak in the glomerular layer. Whereas CaMKIV was primarily found in granule cells, CaMKII was present in the glomerular, external plexiform, mitral cell and granule cell layers. No change in immunoreactivities of these kinases occurred in the olfactory bulb ipsilateral to naris closure. The expression of PKAα ,P KCα and CaMKII, but not CaMKIV, in periglomerular cells suggests that these three kinases may play a role in TH gene regulation in the olfactory bulb. The lack of change in kinase protein levels after naris closure also suggests that any involvement of these kinases in TH gene expression in the olfactory bulb must be through altered kinase activity and not protein levels.
Nanostructured LiMn2O4 prepared by a glycine-nitrate process for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract Porous nanostructured spinel LiMn 2 O 4 has been successfully synthesized using a glycine-nitrate combustion process. The average primary particle size of the as-synthesized powders was about 10 nm, but increased to about 100 nm with improved crystallinity after calcination at 800 °C for 2 h. Yet, the calcined powders were still highly porous and displayed reversible capacity of about 112 mA h g −1 at a discharge rate of 49.0 μA cm −2 (C/5 rate). At a high discharge rate of 2.44 mA cm −2 (10C rate), the obtainable reversible capacity was 57 mA h g −1 .
Headache after resection of acoustic neuroma

Long-lasting severe headaches are reported to occur in up to 83% of patients who have undergone resection of acoustic neuroma, especially through a suboccipital approach. These headaches, however, are not well defined. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency and character of new-onset headaches after resection of acoustic neuroma by a suboccipital approach with cranioplasty. Review of the medical record was followed by a telephone interview with 48 patients (67% female; mean age, 52 years) who had undergone resection of an acoustic neuroma through a suboccipital craniotomy during the 2 years before the study. Of the 48 patients, 58% had post-operative head pain that lasted more than 7 days and could be categorized into two types. A moderate to severe, short-term head pain with gradual resolution occurred in 35% of the patients, and a mild, unremitting pain was reported by 23%. Both types of pain had a dull ache or pressure quality and were adjacent to or confined to the incisional area. Overall, 77% of the patients were pain-free within 4 months after operation. Age, sex, tumor size, or preoperative history of headache did not influence development of the postoperative pain. We found that new-onset headache after resection of acoustic neuroma by a suboccipital approach with cranioplasty is much less common than previously reported and is best described as mild incisional pain rather than a severe headache. The literature regarding headaches after different surgical approaches for acoustic neuroma resection is reviewed, and possible explanations for development of the pain are discussed.
Incidence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antibody in a Prenatal Population at a Community Hospital

Prenatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening may reduce vertical HIV transmission. We screened 4,419 prenatal sera and found 38 repeatedly reactive specimens with an HIV-1–HIV-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot analysis confirmed four of these specimens as positive for HIV-1 antibodies. Screening detects previously unidentified HIV infections, but false-positive results may also occur.
Neuroprotective Core Measure 2: Partnering with Families - Exploratory Study on Web-camera Viewing of Hospitalized Infants and the Effect on Parental Stress, Anxiety, and Bonding

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine and describe potential relationships between total web-camera viewing of hospitalized infants, parental stress, anxiety, and bonding scores. Forty-two parents with a hospitalized infant that used web-cameras participated. Measures of stress, anxiety, and bonding were administered at baseline, one week, and two weeks after web-camera use was initiated. Four open-ended questions provided qualitative data. No significant relationship was found between anxiety or bonding and the minutes viewing the infant over web-camera. There was a correlation between Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and minutes viewing the infant and maximum minutes viewing all three times. Qualitative data provided three themes: parents preferred to be in person versus web-camera, overall positive impact on stress and anxiety, and parents want to be with their baby to bond. This pilot study provides an initial exploration of the implications of web-camera use in the NICU environment.
Influence of gender, estrogen and exercise on anterior knee laxity

Abstract Background Researchers have theorized that the disproportionate number of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in females, as compared to males, may be related to knee laxity, which in turn may be influenced by hormones. The purpose of this study was to investigate the collective effects of gender, estrogen and exercise on knee laxity. Methods Subjects consisted of 12 females and 12 males with no history of lower extremity injury. Serum estrogen levels and knee laxity were measured for the female subjects at specific times to represent three menstrual cycle phases while knee laxity of the male subjects was measured on three different days. For each data collection session, knee laxity was measured just prior to and immediately following an exercise protocol. Separate repeated measures ANOVAs were used to compare estrogen levels across the phases and analyze the laxity data. Findings Females exhibited greater knee laxity than males both pre- and post-exercise across all phases of the menstrual cycle. Estrogen fluctuations across the menstrual cycle did not modify knee laxity in females. Prior exercise induced equivalent increases in knee laxity in males and females across the data collection periods and irrespective of estrogen concentration. Interpretation If the anterior cruciate ligament is more distensible during athletic activities, it may be less capable of providing the necessary stability in order to prevent injury. This decreased stability may be contributing to the female athlete’s increased incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Overall, if females experience greater knee laxity during athletic activities, specific training strategies to compensate for these differences are warranted.
Tellurides as back contacts for substrate CdTe thin film solar cells on flexible foil substrates

The formation of a low resistance ohmic contact on p-type CdTe is a significant challenge for the superstrate solar cell configuration, where surface preparation techniques including wet etches are often used in order to modify the surface of CdTe prior to applying the contact material(s). It is even a greater challenge for the less commonly used substrate configuration, since the p-contact/CdTe interface will be formed first and will be exposed to the remaining solar cell fabrication steps. This paper presents results on the properties of two tellurides and their performance as back contacts in substrate type CdTe solar cells fabricated on flexible foil substrates. Solar cell efficiency is limited by the properties of the back contact and is currently in the 6.0–6.5% range.
Long-term Dynamics of Phytoplankton in the Rhode River, Maryland (USA)

We analyzed interannual variability in a long-term record of chlorophyll concentration and phytoplankton species composition in the Rhode River, Maryland (USA). Over the approximately 30-year record, there was no long-term monotonic trend in phytoplankton chlorophyll concentration, though temporary directional trends related to precipitation patterns sometimes persisted for a decade before reversing. From counts on preserved samples, we estimated the dominance by different pigment-bearing groups and size classes. Diatoms, dinoflagellates, and cryptophytes comprised about 80–97% of the annual averaged class-specific biovolume. Cryptophytes dominated the first 2 years in the data set but displayed a long-term decline, after which diatoms dominated in all but four consecutive years in which there were large dinoflagellate blooms. There was a long-term increase in cells with equivalent spherical diameters from 4 to 10 µm, accompanied by declines in the proportion of cells in the 2- to 4- and 10- to 20-µm size classes. The main cause of these changes in size classes was a long-term increase in Chroomonas sp. and Apedinella radians and long-term decline in Microcystis sp. and an unidentified cryptophyte, respectively. These taxa were cosmopolitan in their seasonal and spatial distributions, and hence the long-term changes in taxa did not conform well with conceptual models based on succession of “life-forms.” The segregation of diatoms and dinoflagellates expected on the basis of “life-forms” applied to seasonal and spatial patterns. Characterizing the phytoplankton community in terms of diversity, size, and class-specific biovolume gave results that were consistent with one another and added insight to the broad-scale changes in chlorophyll concentration. Subtle changes in the size distribution of cryptophytes were not apparent from biovolume measures and would not have been apparent without microscopy. Though causes of such shifts may be difficult to identify, identifying the causes and predicting potential consequences cannot even be attempted without awareness of the phenomena.
Multi-variant Program Execution: Using Multi-core Systems to Defuse Buffer-Overflow Vulnerabilities

While memory-safe and type-safe languages have been available for many years, the vast majority of software is still implemented in type-unsafe languages such as C/C++. Despite massive concerted efforts by software vendors such as Microsoft to eliminate buffer overflow vulnerabilities through automated and manual code review, they continue to be found and exploited. We present a novel approach that accepts the existence of overflow vulnerabilities and uses parallelism available through current and future multi-core architectures to detect vulnerabilities by monitoring the parallel execution of several slightly varying instances of the same application. During regular execution each instance performs equivalent computations. When an attacker attempts to inject an attack vector through a buffer overflow vulnerability, however, each instance reacts differently due to the variances we introduced into each instance. We describe our prototype implementation of such a parallelism-based buffer overflow detection system and demonstrate that it is capable of stopping buffer overflow vulnerabilities using actual exploit codes for the popular Apache Web server. The experimental results show that the runtime overhead of our parallel execution framework is less than 10% on average.
SciHadoop: array-based query processing in Hadoop

Hadoop has become the de facto platform for large-scale data analysis in commercial applications, and increasingly so in scientific applications. However, Hadoop's byte stream data model causes inefficiencies when used to process scientific data that is commonly stored in highly-structured, array-based binary file formats resulting in limited scalability of Hadoop applications in science. We introduce Sci-Hadoop, a Hadoop plugin allowing scientists to specify logical queries over array-based data models. Sci-Hadoop executes queries as map/reduce programs defined over the logical data model. We describe the implementation of a Sci-Hadoop prototype for NetCDF data sets and quantify the performance of five separate optimizations that address the following goals for several representative aggregate queries: reduce total data transfers, reduce remote reads, and reduce unnecessary reads. Two optimizations allow holistic aggregate queries to be evaluated opportunistically during the map phase; two additional optimizations intelligently partition input data to increase read locality, and one optimization avoids block scans by examining the data dependencies of an executing query to prune input partitions. Experiments involving a holistic function show run-time improvements of up to 8x, with drastic reductions of IO, both locally and over the network.
Organization of tracheal epithelium in the cartilaginous portion of adult rabbit and its persistence in organ culture

Background: The rabbit trachea provides a model system to test the physiological responses of the airways to various agents. Since three-dimensional organization may affect responses of an organ, an organ culture model was established in serum free medium. Methods: Tracheas were fixed in situ, at steps in the preparation of organ cultures, and after one day to three weeks in organ culture. Samples were examined by light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy for surface morphology, distribution of cell types, and characteristics of the epithelial cell layer. Results: The normal tracheal mucosa was discovered to consist of extensive circumferential folds in the cartilaginous portion, which were enhanced upon isolation of the trachea from the animal. The folds consisted principally of differences in epithelial cell height rather than folding of the lamina propria. Enhancement of folding upon removal of the trachea coincided with increased secretion by Clara and possibly mucous cells. In organ culture, epithelial cell height initially increased, producing tall folds and cell types were retained in normal proportions. After prolonged culture, cilia were lost but glandular secretion continued. Conclusions: Changes in the arrangement of basal cells and secretory activity in isolated trachea and in culture may give insight into the functional significance of the epithelial folds. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Science fictions: Comment on Godfrey-Smith

This is a comment on Peter Godfrey-Smith’s, “Models and Fictions in Science”. The comments explore problems he raises if we treat model systems as fictions in a naturalized and deflationary framework.
Perceptions Of Select, Newly Established Nations Of The Former Soviet Union As Foreign Direct Investment Options: A Longitudinal Perspective

This study replicates a 2002 study that used perceptual mapping to identify the collective and individual positions of nine, newly established nations of the former Soviet Union as foreign direct investment (FDI) options. With the continued growth of FDI globally, the purpose of the 2010 study was to determine if significant shifts had occurred in the perceived positions of the individual nations, as well as that of the "ideal" nation. FDI executives surveyed indicated that a limited number of newly established nations (e.g., Azerbaijan, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the Ukraine) are positioned most strategically to benefit from future foreign direct investments. Of the newly established nations studied, Azerbaijan appears to hold a strategically unique position. The abundance of natural resources, the nation’s improving political and economic environments, and favorable business requirements all contribute significantly to this nation’s perceived position. Some nations (e.g., Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, and Moldova) continue to face significant FDI obstacles.
The Breadth Versus the Depth of Congress's Commerce Power

This article introduces the concept of the depth of Congress's commerce power alongside the more familiar focus on its breadth, and argues that both are important for understanding the power's full contours. Moreover, as illustrated by a detailed comparison of the Lochner and New Deal Courts, breadth and depth may pull in opposite directions and so complicate traditional labeling of constitutional eras as favoring either state or national authority. Thus, although the Lochner Court undoubtedly held a limited view of the breadth of the commerce power, at the same time it also held an unlimited view of the depth of that power - in the sense of the impact on state authority of its valid exercise. It conceived of the commerce power as latently exclusive of state authority, meaning that federal regulation automatically terminates state authority in the same area. The Lochner Court employed this deep conception of the commerce power to promote not the market in the abstract, but specifically the national market. Where economic union was at stake, the Lochner Court looked with favor on regulation at the national level and was keen to find that federal laws displaced state authority in situations in which later Supreme Courts would not, thereby trumping its laissez-faire and federalism commitments. The Lochner Court's twin positions of the limited breadth and unlimited depth of the commerce clause were exactly reversed during the New Deal era as part of a new federalism balance. Although the New Deal Court expanded the breadth of national powers under the commerce clause, it also reduced their depth. It did so by holding that Congress's power is no longer to be understood as latently exclusive of state authority but concurrent with it, and by introducing the modern presumption against preemption.
Microtus hyperboreus (North Siberian vole)

Twenty pairs of acrocentrics form a smooth gradation of sizes without a significant break. Identification of the X chromosomes is unequivocal, but identification of the Y is subjective. Multiple sex chromosomes (X1X2Y1Y2) described by Liapounova and Krivosheyev were not found in these specimens.
Geometry and Structural Modeling for High-Fidelity Aircraft Conceptual Design Optimization

High-fidelity computational design tools have advanced considerably in the last few decades, but there are still bottlenecks that suppress their impact in conceptual design. This paper aims to address some of these bottlenecks through a parametric geometry modeler for unconventional configurations with an efficient derivative computation and a parametric structural modeler that automatically generates full finite element meshes. As a demonstration, lift-constrained drag minimization of a truss-braced wing design is performed with respect to 532 design variables and 951 constraints with the Euler equations solved on a 1.42 million cell mesh.
Effect of Sulfonamide Compounds upon Staphylocoagulase.

Summary1. Sulfathiazole and, to a slightly lesser extent, sulfanilamide accelerated the clotting action in citrated plasma of staphylocoagulase contained in a sterile broth filtrate. Sulfadiazine markedly inhibited the coagulating effect, while sulfapyridine had only slight inhibitory activity. 2. Para-aminobenzoic acid operated like sulfanilamide and accelerated the coagulating action. 3. Broth filtrates with staphylocoagulase did not cause coagulation of every sample of normal, citrated human plasma. The degree of coagulation also varied.
Classical Logic Operations Using the Quantum Zeno Effect

The quantum Zeno effect can be used to implement quantum logic operations using single photons as the qubits. It is shown here that similar effects can be used to implement classical logic and memory devices.
Monitoring biocatalytic transformations mediated by polyketide synthase enzymes in cell lysate via fluorine NMR

The biocatalytic employment of modular polyketide synthase enzymes in cell lysate has become a viable route to preparative quantities of synthetically valuable polyketide fragments. We report the quantitative, uninvasive, and continuous monitoring of such biocatalytic reactions by observing trifluoromethyl-bearing substrates via 19 F NMR spectroscopic analysis. To demonstrate the utility of this technique, we followed reactions catalyzed by a thioesterase and several ketoreductases.
Margaret Thatcher’s Law and Order Agenda

At the end of World War II there emerged in Britain a political consensus on the role of government. Both the Conservative and Labour parties broadly endorsed and adhered to the notion that government should provide certain safeguards for its citizens. Among the issues that received the principal focus of attention were: the economic revival of basic industries, the maintenance of high levels of employment, the assurance of health care and pension benefits, and the establishment of an extensive safety net in the event of personal hardship. In 1975 that consensus began to unravel with the election of Margaret Thatcher as leader of the Conservative Party. Although the Conservatives had worked within the consensus, they had long emphasized the importance of individual responsibility and private initiative. That perspective was given a new meaning and an added impetus with Mrs. Thatcher's commitment to overhauling the collectivist and state interventionist policies of the post-war years. Since 1975 the political climate has been kind to Prime Minister Thatcher. First elected in 1979, she has been re-elected in 1983 and 1987. Recently, she surpassed Lord Herbert Henry Asquith (190816) for the distinction of being the longest serving Prime Minister of this century. She is also considered the most powerful Prime Minister of this century, if one excludes from the discussion the stature of Sir Winston Churchill at the height of World War II. The attention directed at Margaret Thatcher during her tenure as Prime Minister has focused overwhelmingly, and justifiably so, on her economic policies. She has also been touted of late as the leader of the Western European Alliance, which affords her a certain deference when speaking about foreign and defense policy. Despite this new-found status. Thatcher's principal interest remains domestic policy issues, and one of the long-standing items on that policy agenda has been the issue of law and order. This paper is divided into three parts. The first considers how the issue of law and order was raised to such a prominent status in
Measurement of Serum Levels of Complement Component 4d as a Quantitative Test of Antibody-Mediated Rejection

Complement component 4d (C4d) is a degradation product of the classical pathway. C4d immunohistochemistry is used for the diagnosis of complement-dependent antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) in posttransplant renal biopsies. We studied serum C4d levels, measured by a noninvasive and quantitative test, in two posttransplant patients (A and B) with worsening renal function and biopsies demonstrating peritubular …
Microleakage of Lithium Disilicate Crown Margins Finished on Direct Restorative Materials

Clinical Relevance Finishing lithium disilicate all-ceramic crowns on flowable resin composite materials in the esthetic zone should be used with caution. If necessary, finishing lithium disilicate...
Handheld echocardiography during hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction.

Background Handheld echocardiography (HHE) is concordant with standard transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in a variety of settings but has not been thoroughly compared to traditional TTE in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Hypothesis Completed by experienced operators, HHE provides accurate diagnostic capabilities compared with standard TTE in AMI patients. Methods This study prospectively enrolled patients admitted to the coronary care unit with AMI. Experienced sonographers performed HHE with a V-scan. All patients underwent clinical TTE. Each HHE was interpreted by 2 experts blinded to standard TTE. Agreement was assessed with κ statistics and concordance correlation coefficients. Results Analysis included 82 patients (mean age, 66 years; 74% male). On standard TTE, mean left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction was 46%. Correlation coefficients between HHE and TTE were 0.75 (95% confidence interval: 0.66 to 0.82) for LV ejection fraction and 0.69 (95% confidence interval: 0.58 to 0.77) for wall motion score index. The κ statistics ranged from 0.47 to 0.56 for LV enlargement, 0.55 to 0.79 for mitral regurgitation, and 0.44 to 0.57 for inferior vena cava dilatation. The κ statistics were highest for the anterior (0.81) and septal (0.71) apex and lowest for the mid inferolateral (0.36) and basal inferoseptal (0.36) walls. Conclusions In patients with AMI, HHE and standard TTE demonstrate good correlation for LV function and wall motion. Agreement was less robust for structural abnormalities and specific wall segments. In experienced hands, HHE can provide a focused assessment of LV function in patients hospitalized with AMI; however, HHE should not substitute for comprehensive TTE.
Affective Impacts of Learning on Facebook: Postsecondary Students’ Voices

The use of Facebook as a formal classroom tool continues to increase as educators innovate and experiment with its implementation. Most research studies describe Facebook incorporation in the higher education classrooms where it has been used as a learning management system or a discussion board. But what are student perceptions of using Facebook in formal learning, and what emotions and meaning arise as students think through such an experience? We asked 60 students to share their perceptions through a reflective process concerning the use of Facebook as a learning tool in coursework. Looking through the philosophical lens of phenomenology, the researchers made meaning of the social media reflections and arrived at the essence of students’ emotional experiences. At the core is the fear of giving up individual human rights of choice within one’s personal life.
Blood of Our Ancestors: Cultural Heritage Management in the Balkans

The Balkan Peninsula is known for its messy mix of culture, language, and religion. It is, and always has been, a crossroads and, for most of its history, contested territory. The region’s jumbled past makes studying its landscape and built environment, and managing its cultural heritage resources, a difficult, politically charged process. Both in ancient times and recently, central powers have used heritage in creative ways to contest and undercut rival claims to land and move boundaries.
Electroclinical and Historical Features Related to Response to AEDs in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy. (P4.259)

Objective: Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy(JME) is one of the most common types of idiopathic generalized epilepsy. The goal of this study was to evaluate electroclinical factors, which may help predicting a poor response to AED therapy. Background: Studies have shown, 10–20% JME patients have medically refractory seizures. In spite of heavy disease burden, unfortunately there is not enough studies done to help guiding the physicians to counsel the patients or families regarding the possibilities of response to AED Design/Methods: This retrospective case review was done on 56 people(mean age of onset 17 years, epilepsy duration 15 years, 66% female, 95% with EEG results) with JME. Electroclinical findings; including age of onset, gender, EEG findings, and medication response; were compared between JME patients with and without a family history of epilepsy(defined as history of epilepsy extending to grandparents and cousins). Furthermore, we compared electroclinical markers; including age of onset, gender, family history and EEG findings; between people with medically controlled and refractory JME(defined by GTCS occurring in the last 6 months). Results: A family history of epilepsy was evident in 45%, with no difference in age of onset or gender, but a slightly higher prevalence of generalized polyspikes and spike-and-wave complexes on routine EEG compared to people without family history. 62% of JME patients were medically controlled. There was no difference in age of onset, EEG findings or family history. However, gender may play a role, as males were proportionately more likely to remain medically refractory(Chi-square, p=0. 0013, Figure). Conclusions: This retrospective study identified potential gender effects with respect to response to AED therapy. Also the proportion of medically refractory patients was higher, 38% compared to 10–20% in the literature, which may have been due to a referral bias. Furthermore, specific EEG markers, including photosensitivity and focal findings, in addition to spontaneous interictal epileptic discharges and degree of relatedness, need to be evaluated in a larger group of patients, ideally recruited prospectively. Study Supported by: n/a Disclosure: Dr. Suchita has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rashid has nothing to disclose. Dr. Szabo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Morgan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Karkar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lie has nothing to disclose. Dr. Leary has nothing to disclose. Dr. Adhikari has nothing to disclose.
Rural Aging in International Context

Population aging is described and measures of population aging are summarized. Rural aging is discussed, broadly, at an international level and associated with both broad population changes and with societal-level transformations. The reasons why aging in rural places differs from aging in urban places are considered. Issues related to the sex ratio, work force, caretaking, and health are examined. Examples focus primarily on the U.S. although international differences and similarities are considered.
Athletes as Television Celebrities: Why We Watch; How They Benefit; Must They Be Responsible

This chapter addresses a number of issues associated with athletes acquiring celebrity status based on their television performances. It first discusses what draws the public to watch sports on television and follow the lives of athletes. Second, this chapter highlights the benefits and burdens that athletes receive and endure from the public participation in their sports as observers on the field and off. This section will also highlight athletes rights to privacy and to publicity. Finally, this chapter addresses the responsibility of athletes, both amateur and professional, to behave in a responsible manner both on and off the court.
Irony in Charleston: Barack Obama’s Eulogy for Clementa C. Pinckney, June 26, 2015

This article argues that Barack Obama deployed irony in conjunction with the African American rhetorical practice of signifyin(g) to eulogize Clementa Pinckney while addressing the June 2015 racial...
Design Thinking as an Adaptive Disruption During Automobile Product Development

This essay proposes applications of design thinking in automobile product development from the perspective of adaptability, which in term enhances capabilities to fix info structure, opening up a set of alternatives to design improvements that are game changing. Case study on the design of Ford Motor Company focused on its capabilities for the development of in-vehicle features which are instrumental in the customer experience that is delivered by Ford automobiles. This case provided explanation on a systems thinking approach for large complex systems and is aligned to Ford Motor Company objective of changing the way the world moves. Besides, methodologies on how design thinking can be utilized for this disruptive adaptation are elaborated in later paragraphs. It aims to explain a desired future state of the capabilities to develop an unparalleled customer experience in Ford vehicles.
Cognitive Interference Mitigation in Automotive Radars

In the cost sensitive automotive market, frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radars are expected to persist for a long period of time because of their cheap and simple circuitry. Further, more autonomous driving systems use radars than before and are, therefore, increasingly susceptible to mutual interference. We propose a system that cognitively adapts its chirp bandwidth and transmission time slot in interference scenarios. The resolution and detection performance of this cognitive radar is similar to a standard FMCW radar. Our measurements using an actual automotive radar with a corner reflector in a complex parking house show that a reasonable signal separability is obtained after reducing the chirp bandwidth by 25% and simultaneously extending the range by a factor of 16.
Mill’s Moral Philosophy

This chapter will examine Mill’s revisionist utilitarianism. I want to show that ideas such as self-cultivation and social improvement lie at the heart of Mill’s moral theory. In order to understand Mill’s ethics, one must appreciate the centrality of his growth ethic. The key concept of ‘happiness,’ which Mill describes as the summum bonum, is based on his conception of human development and refinement. A careful review of Mill’s utilitarianism will establish the intimate connection between his ideas of happiness and growth.
Insomnia treatment effects among young adult drinkers: Secondary outcomes of a randomized pilot trial.

Background Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) has moderate-to-large effects on insomnia among young adult drinkers, with preliminary data indicating that improvements in insomnia may have downstream effects on alcohol-related consequences. However, the mechanism(s) by which insomnia treatment may facilitate reductions in alcohol-related problems is unclear. Secondary outcome data from a randomized pilot trial were used to examine CBT-I effects on four proposed mediators of the insomnia/alcohol link: alcohol craving, delay discounting, negative affect, and difficulties with emotion regulation. Methods Young adults (ages 18 to 30 years) with insomnia who reported 1+ binge drinking episode (4/5+ drinks for women/men) in the past month were randomized to receive CBT-I (n = 28) or to a sleep hygiene control (n = 28). Outcomes were assessed at baseline, after 5 weeks of treatment, and at 1-month posttreatment. Results Relative to those in sleep hygiene, CBT-I participants reported greater decreases in alcohol craving (d = 0.33) at the end of treatment and greater 1-month posttreatment decreases in delay discounting of large rewards (d = 0.42). CBT-I did not have a significant effect on delay discounting of smaller rewards or momentary negative affect. There was also no significant treatment effect on difficulties with emotion regulation, although findings were confounded by a significant group difference at baseline in difficulties with emotion regulation. Conclusions Treatment of insomnia may lead to improvements in alcohol craving and delay discounting of large rewards among young adult drinkers with insomnia. Additional research examining whether improvement in insomnia is a mechanism for improvement in addiction domains is warranted.
Effect of noise and ototoxicants on developing standard threshold shifts at a U.S. Air Force depot level maintenance facility.

Noise exposure has traditionally been considered the primary risk factor for hearing loss. However, ototoxicants commonly found in occupational settings could affect hearing loss independently, additively, or synergistically when combined with noise exposures. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the combined effect of metal and solvent ototoxicants, continuous noise, and impulse noise on hearing loss. Noise and ototoxicant exposure and pure-tone audiometry results were analyzed for U.S. Air Force personnel (n = 2,372) at a depot-level aircraft maintenance activity at Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma. Eight similar exposure groups based on combinations of ototoxicant and noise exposure were created including: (1) Continuous noise (reference group); (2) Continuous noise + Impulse noise; (3) Metal exposures + Continuous noise; (4) Metal exposures + Continuous noise + Impulse noise; (5) Solvent exposure + Continuous noise; (6) Solvent exposures + Continuous noise + Impulse noise; (7) Metal exposure + Solvent exposures + Continuous noise; and (8) Metal exposure + Solvent exposures + Continuous noise + Impulse noise. Hearing loss was assessed at center octave band frequencies of 500-6,000 Hz and using National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Standard Threshold Shift (STS) criteria. Hearing changes were significantly worse at 2,000 Hz in the Metal exposure + Solvent exposure + Continuous noise group compared to the Continuous noise only reference group (p = 0.023). The Metal exposure + Solvent exposure + Continuous noise group had a significantly greater relative risk (RR) of 2.44; 95% CI [1.24, 4.83] for developing an STS at 2,000 Hz. While not statistically significant, the Solvent exposure + Continuous noise group had a RR of 2.32; 95%CI [1.00, 5.34] for developing an STS at 1,000 Hz. These results indicate that noise exposure may dominate hearing loss at ≥3,000 Hz while combined effects of concomitant exposure to ototoxic substances and noise are only noticeable at ≤2,000 Hz. These results also suggest combined exposures to ototoxicants and noise presents a greater hearing loss risk than just noise.
Saimiri sciureus (Squirrel monkey)

The karyotypes shown are a gift of Dr. T. C. Jones (New England Regional Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts) and were prepared from lymphocyte cultures. The two recognized phenotypes also differ in karyotype: the male came from Leticia (Colombia), and the female, from Iquitos (Peru). They differ in that the former has six pairs of acrocentrics, the latter only five. The metacentric autosomes placed before the sex chromosomes have a pronounced secondary contriction near the centromere. deBoer finds 14 acrocentrics in his material but does not indicate the origin of the specimens.
Nitrogen balance studies in Laennec's cirrhosis of the liver.

Excerpt Laennec's cirrhosis, the most common type of cirrhotic involvement of the liver, has also been called atrophic or hypertrophic cirrhosis, hobnail cirrhosis, alcoholic cirrhosis and even "gi...
Classical $W$-algebras

We reconsider the relation between classicalW-algebras and deformations of differential operators, emphasizing the consistency with diffeomorphisms. Generators of theW-algebra that arek-differentials are constructed by a systematic procedure. The method extends, following Drinfeld and Sokolov, toW-algebras based on arbitrary simple Lie algebras.
Everyone claims victory in health care deal, but who really won?

On Sept. 12, the day after the First Ministers Conference ended, the words ”health deal” dominated the headlines. Despite predictions from all sides that the talks were doomed, the prime minister and provincial and territorial leaders all signed on the dotted line and agreed to increased federal
Soil carbon CO2 fertilization factor: The measure of an ecosystem's capacity to increase soil carbon storage in response to elevated CO2 levels

[1] This research introduces the concept of a “CO2 fertilization factor for soil carbon” (σCF). The σCF is a measure of an ecosystem's capacity to increase soil carbon storage in response to elevated carbon dioxide levels. This paper describes the mathematical derivation of σCF and illustrates how σCF can be determined experimentally, using data from a white oak study. I have developed this concept to compare the results of carbon dioxide enrichment experiments having different soil carbon turnover times, different levels of CO2 enrichment, and different lengths of exposure to elevated carbon dioxide levels. The σCF can also be used to estimate increases in soil carbon uptake due to observed contemporary increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Although the approach used here may seem oversimplified, I present it as a simple way of estimating the extent to which elevated levels of CO2 could increase soil carbon storage. I have determined a σCF of 1.18 for a white oak ecosystem using soil carbon and radiocarbon measurements. If major terrestrial ecosystems have similar σCF values, CO2 fertilization may be transferring enough carbon from the atmosphere to soil to balance the global carbon budget.
Psychosocial Problems in Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis

I read with interest the report of Shwachman, et al. (46:335) in the September issue of Pediatrics. Today most of our institutions are teaching the concept of treating the entire patient– especially those who are suffering from chronic diseases such as cystic fibrosis. This is evidenced by the establishment of comprehensive care clinics into our teaching programs. To my dismay, nowhere in their article did I find reference to the myriad of psychosocial problems which the CF patients and families experience.
Variation in the Quantitation of Prostate-specific Antigen in Reference Material: Differences in Commercial Immunoassays,

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a widely used biochemical marker for prostate cancer (1). PSA, a serine protease, forms complexes with serine protease inhibitors such as α2-macroglobulin and α1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) (2). The major immunoreactive forms of serum PSA are PSA-ACT complex and free PSA. PSA complexed to α2-macroglobulin is not measured by current immunoassays (3). Because the proportion of PSA complexed to ACT is higher in men with prostate cancer than in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (3)(4), the use of a ratio of free-to-total PSA may improve discrimination between men with BPH and prostate cancer (5)(6). Results obtained with different PSA immunoassays are not interchangeable (7)(8)(9)(10). The variation among immunoassays reflects, in large part, the specificity of different PSA antibodies (7). To a lesser extent, the composition of the calibrator, the PSA values assigned to the calibrator, the test diluent, and the physical design of the immunoassays contribute to intermethod differences (6)(7). Assays using a monoclonal-monoclonal sandwich format yield, in general, an equimolar response to free and ACT-complexed PSA, whereas monoclonal-polyclonal formats tend to yield higher values for samples containing greater proportions of free PSA (8). We have recently described the Bayer Immuno 1TM PSA Assay (Bayer Corporation), which uses a monoclonal-polyclonal antibody format that yields an equimolar response to varying proportions of free and complexed PSA (11). This has now been found to be a result of the unique binding properties of the monoclonal antibody used for the capture of PSA (manuscript in submission). Proficiency testing among clinical laboratories has indicated large intermethod variability in the quantitation of total PSA (12). The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude and cause of this intermethod variation. Here we report our multi-site analysis of …
Is gossip power? The inverse relationships between gossip, power, and likability

Despite widespread conjecture regarding the functions and consequences of gossip, little empirical attention has investigated how gossipers are perceived by others. In the present study, 128 individuals were asked to think about a person who either frequently or rarely discussed others while not in their presence. Gender of the target and valence of the gossip were also manipulated. High-frequency gossipers were perceived as less powerful and were liked less than low-frequency gossipers, and those who gossiped negatively were liked less than those who gossiped positively. High-frequency negative gossipers emerged as the least powerful and least likable targets. These results are discussed in relation to the transfer of attitudes recursively effect. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Economic Expansion of Lombardy, 1300–1500: A Study in Political Stimuli to Economic Change

Lombardy underwent an agricultural revolution (and a connected process of general economic growth) in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The basis for this transformation was a series of fundamental institutional changes. These latter—consisting most importantly of the transfer of control over the land into new hands—must in turn be attributed essentially to the policies of the Visconti and Sforza dukes who, through direct or indirect means, encouraged, initiated, facilitated, and acquiesced in the processes by which the change took place.
Effects of immunized parental strain bone marrow on lethally irradiated F1 hybrid mice.

Pre-sensitization of parental strain donor mice against F/sub 1/ hybrid recipients accentuated the foreign bone marrow reaction caused by injection of parental marrow cells into lethally irradiated F/sub 1/ recipients. This effect occurred with use of parental strains (101 and C3H) that were histocompatible at the H-2 locus, as well as with those (C57BL and 101) that were histoincompatible at this locus. These results are interpreted to indicate ihe importance of relative antibodyforming potency of implanted cells, as well as the extent of histocompatibility differences in pathogenesis of the homograft reaction. (auth)
Screening of multiattribute alternatives

Abstract A procedure for screening multiattribute alternatives is proposed. This procedure reduces the detailed data collection needs and the information burden on the decision maker. It is shown that the inferior decision alternatives can be excluded without specifying probabilities, importance weights, and utilities with precision.
Neuroscience education for prekindergarten-12 teachers.

A debate rages concerning the ability of neuroscience to inform prekindergarten–12 teaching practice ([Hirsh-Pasek and Bruer, 2007][1]; [Varma et al., 2008][2]). Some educators charged with training future teachers argue that the mechanistic issues that concern neuroscientists are too far removed
Structural Insights into Active Catalyst Structures and Oxidative Addition to (Biaryl)phosphine−Palladium Complexes via Density Functional Theory and Experimental Studies

We present results on the structure of monoligated active catalysts based upon 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2‘,6‘-dimethoxybiphenyl (SPhos, 1) and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2‘,4‘,6‘-triisopropylbiphenyl (XPhos, 2) with Pd(0). Additionally, the reaction of SPhos·Pd with chlorobenzene has been explored via all-atom density functional theory (DFT) and these results are supported by NMR studies. The same reaction, but with a catalyst based on a larger ligand, XPhos·Pd, is also analyzed. Finally, it has been determined that inclusion of the entire ligand structure in these types of calculations is of importance for obtaining accurate and significant results.
Autosomal dominant Kufs' disease: a cause of early onset dementia.

Abstract Kufs' disease is the rare, adult-onset form of the neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses (NCL). Two clinical Kufs' phenotypes have been described, one featuring generalized tonic–clonic seizures and the other characterized by dementia. Autosomal dominant inheritance of Kufs' disease has been reported for only two families. The genetic and molecular defects underlying Kufs' disease are unknown. We report a third family with apparent autosomal dominant Kufs' disease in a family of English ancestry. Ten individuals (five men, five women) have been affected over five generations. Age of onset typically is in the fourth decade of life and is heralded by seizures. Clinical and neuropsychological assessments in several affected individuals, however, confirm the presence of dementia and follow-up evaluations suggest that dementia is the primary disabling feature of the illness. Motor abnormalities also are frequent. Neuropathological examination (three cases) documents the presence of neuronal lipopigment accumulation consistent with NCL. The combination of dementia and seizures in this and two other reported families with autosomal dominant Kufs' disease suggest that this entity represents a distinctive clinicopathological entity. Dementia is prominent but is almost always associated with generalized seizures and motoric disturbances early in the disease course. Kufs' disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of early onset, atypical dementia.