cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Dissociation between Adrenarche and Gonadarche: Studies in Patients with Idiopathic Precocious Puberty, Gonadal Dysgenesis, Isolated Gonadotropin Deficiency, and Constitutionally Delayed Growth and Adolescence*

To test the hypothesis that adrenarche and the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (gonadarche) are independent and dissociated events, controlled by separate mechanisms, we examined the relationship between adrenarche and gonadarche in patients with a variety of clinical disorders of sexual maturation. The concentration of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) was used as a hormonal marker of adrenal androgen secretion. The 26 patients with idiopathic precocious puberty exhibited two distinct patterns. Seventeen patients with onset of puberty before 6 yr of age had a mean plasma concentration of DHEA-S which was not different from that of normal prepubertal, preadrenarchal children of the same sex, chronological age (CA; 1–6 yr), and bone age (BA; 1–10 yr). In contrast, 9 patients with onset of precocious puberty between 6 and 8 yr of age had a mean DHEA-S plasma concentration greater than that of agematched prepubertal children (86.4 ± 13.9 vs. 10.0 ± 2.2 μg/dl; P < 0.004) and...
Strategy planning: Some resources

Facing uncertainty, continuing health professions education practitioners should sharpen their strategy planning skills. Resources exist that review the change process and provide insight into visioning and strategy development. A review of selected literature can inform our way of framing our strategy development processes.
Urban Applications of School-Wide Positive Behavior Support: Critical Issues and Lessons Learned.

Researchers and educators have recognized that typical school-wide approaches to discipline and the prevention and management of problem behavior are often insufficient to address the needs of many...
Observation of Depth and Incidence of the Mesial Groove between the Mesiobuccal and Mesiolingual Orifices in Mandibular Molars

The purpose of this study was to analyze the mesiolingual-mesiobuccal groove indentations at the pulpal floor in mandibular first and second molars. The depth and incidence of occurrence were assessed. Sixty freshly extracted, mature teeth were kept in a 2.5% sodium hypochlorite for 5 to 7 days. The teeth were accessed without touching the floor of the chamber. The dental debris was washed thoroughly and then the patency and the presence of two mesial canals were established with a #10 file. The teeth were placed in 2.5% sodium hypochlorite for 3 to 5 days and later rinsed and air-dried before placement in centrifuge tubes. A vinyl polysiloxane impression material was injected into the chambers, and the teeth were centrifuged. The impressions were carefully removed and then measured by using a dissecting microscope and a transparent millimeter ruler. The ruler, at zero, placed at the mid-floor area of the impression and viewed from the mesial, measured (to the nearest 0.5 mm) the depth of the mesial groove between the mesiolingual and mesiobuccal canals. Due to imperfect impressions, 50 teeth were included in the study. The recorded average in depth was 1.0 mm. Some of the impressions had depths measuring 3.5 mm. This could be a significant space when considering the limitations of instrumentation techniques. There is the question of whether this area may remain untouched, thereby effecting the prognosis of treatment in both vital and nonvital teeth. Modifications in access preparation and/or an increased emphasis on irrigation and intracanal medication may be needed.
Timing acquisition in ultra-wideband communication systems

The goal of this paper is to highlight the significance of the timing acquisition problem in ultra-wideband (UWB) communication systems and discuss efficient solutions to the problem. We discuss how the distinguishing features of UWB communication systems, such as their wide bandwidth and low transmission power constraints, are responsible for making the acquisition of UWB signals a difficult task. A survey of the current approaches to UWB signal acquisition is also given. In addition, we discuss some of the issues and challenges in UWB signal acquisition which may not have received sufficient attention in existing literature.
Stability in contractive nonlinear neural networks

Models of the form mu x=-x+p+WF(x), where x=x(t) is a vector whose entries represent the electrical activities in the units of a neural network are considered. W is a matrix of synaptic weights, F is a nonlinear function, and p is a vector (constant or slowly varying over time) of inputs to the units. If the map WF(x) is a contraction, then the system has a unique equilibrium which is globally asymptotically stable; consequently, the network acts as a stable encoder in that its steady-state response to an input is independent of the initial state of the network. Considered are some relatively mild restrictions on W and F(x), involving the eigenvalues of W and the derivative of F, that are sufficient to ensure that WF(x) is a contraction. It is shown that, in the linear case with spatially homogeneous synaptic weights, the eigenvalues of W are simply related to the Fourier transform of the connection pattern. This relation makes it possible, given cortical activity patterns as measured by autoradiographic labeling, to construct a pattern of synaptic weights which produces steady-state patterns showing similar frequency characteristics. >
Image-Based Modeling of Arteriovenous Hemodialysis Access Graft Flow

Thrombosis in an arteriovenous hemodialysis access graft is a major cause of graft failure. Changes in flow features due to increasing resistance at the venous anastomosis may promote the development of thrombosis. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model was developed to analyze flow at the arterial anastomosis of a PTFE brachial-brachial arteriovenous access graft. The geometry was obtained from contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance images. A surface mesh was extracted using Amira software, and the final volume mesh was generated by Tgrid (Fluent, Inc). The simulation was carried out for steady flow conditions using Fluent CFD software with low-Reynolds number k-ω turbulence model. Small areas of recirculation can be seen in the area of the bifurcation, and results show a pressure difference between the proximal artery and the graft that is consistent with reported values.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Comparison of the efficiency and effectiveness of various techniques for removal of fiber posts.

A study was conducted to determine the efficiency and effectiveness of several techniques for fiber post removal. Four groups of 20 mandibular premolars were endodontically treated and obturated. Post spaces were prepared for the following post systems: ParaPost XH, ParaPost Fiber White, Luscent Anchors, and AesthetiPlus. After cementation, 10 posts of each group were removed with their corresponding manufacturer’s removal kit and the other 10 removed with diamond burs and ultrasonics. Removal times were recorded and the teeth were sectioned vertically and microscopically analyzed for removal effectiveness based o na0t o 5point scale. Removal kits removed Luscent Anchors the fastest (mean 3.9 min) and most effectively (mean 2.6), while Aestheti-Plus posts were removed the slowest (mean 7.3 min) and least effectively (mean 3.4). Diamonds and ultrasonics required an average of 10 additional minutes for each fiber post system removal, yet removal effectiveness improved half a point. The results suggest recommended removal kits were significantly more efficient, while diamonds and ultrasonics were more effective. Removal kits could be enhanced with subsequent ultrasonic instrumentation to remove remaining fibers and cement.
General relations among drug use, alcohol use, and major indexes of psychopathology.

Abstract Relations among measures of trait anxiety, depression, panic, somatization, alcohol use, drug use, and treatment for depression were investigated because, typically, studies (a) addressed relations among subsets of only 2 or 3 of the measures and (b) dealt almost exclusively with narrow samples of the population representing extremes on 1 or 2 of the measures. In this study, relations among all 7 measures were assessed with participants representing a wide range of scores on all the measures. The 369 participants (155 men, 214 women) were sampled from the general population. Three replications of the same study consistently yielded hypothesized positive intercorrelations among all 7 scales. Factor 1 (Anxiety-Depression) included Trait Anxiety, Depression, and Panic scales. Factor 2 (Substance Abuse) included Drug Use, Alcohol Use, Treatment for Depression, and Somatization scales. Factor 2 highlighted self-medication as a defining characteristic of somatizers and corroborated findings showing tha...
Duplication of distal 11q and 22p occurrence in two unrelated families

We report chromosome rearrangements and/or duplication of chromosomes 11 and/or 22. This investigation was prompted by propositi with multiple congenital anomalies and an apparently identical chromosome abnormality – ie, 47,+der(22)t(11;22)(q23;q11.2)mat in two unrelated families. The propositi had failure to thrive, developmental delay, cleft palate, congenital heart disease, meningomyelocele, and hydrocephaly. The breakage points identified on chromosomes 11 and 22 are site-specific and occur in a nonrandom fashion. Band 11q23 corresponds to the gap produced in some individuals by special treatment of the chromosome preparation with mercaptoethanol and may provide a method to identify individuals at risk for chromosome breakage and rearrangements during gametogenesis.
Role of conformational structures and torsional anharmonicity in controlling chemical reaction rates and relative yields: butanal + HO2 reactions

Aldehyde–radical reactions are important in atmospheric and combustion chemistry, and the reactions studied here also serve more generally to illustrate a fundamental aspect of chemical kinetics that has been relatively unexplored from a quantitative point of view, in particular the roles of multiple structures and torsional anharmonicity in determining the rate constants and branching ratios (product yields). We consider hydrogen abstraction from four carbon sites of butanal (carbonyl-C, α-C, β-C and γ-C) by hydroperoxyl radical. We employed multi-structural variational transition state theory for studying the first three channels; this uses a multi-faceted dividing surface and allows us to include the contributions of multiple structures of both reacting species and transition states. Multi-configurational Shepard interpolation (MCSI) was used to obtain the geometries and energies of the potential energy surface along the minimum-energy paths, with gradients and Hessians calculated by the M08-HX/maug-cc-pVTZ method. We find the numbers of structures obtained for the transition states are 46, 60, 72 and 76respectively for the H abstraction at the carbonyl C, the α position, the β position and the γ position. Our results show that neglecting the factors arising from multiple structures and torsional anharmonicity would lead to errors at 300, 1000 and 2400 K of factors of 8, 11 and 10 for abstraction at the carbonyl-O, 2, 11 and 25 at the α-C position, 2, 23 and 47 at the β-C position, and 0.6, 8 and 18 at the γ-C position. The errors would be even larger at high temperature for the reverse of the H abstraction at the β-C. Relative yields are changed as much as a factor of 7.0 at 200 K, a factor of 5.0 at 298 K, and a factor of 3.7 in the other direction at 2400 K. The strong dependence of the product ratios on the multi-structural anharmonicity factors shows that such factors play an important role in controlling branching ratios in reaction mechanism networks.
Effects of metal-ion dopants on the photocatalytic reactivity of quantum-sized TiO2 particles

Oxidation and reduction rates are increased when the photocatalyst TiO_2 is doped with metal ions. The photochemical oxidation of CHCl_3 and the photochemical reduction of CCl_4 were examined in the presence of 21 different doped TiO_2 catalysts. Dopant metal ions with closed shells were found to have little effect on reactivity. The authors present their results in the form of a periodic chart.
Nuclear quadrupole resonance in 4-coordinated nitrogen compounds

Abstract The nitrogen-14 nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectrum of a series of 4-coordinated nitrogen compounds is presented. The data are interpreted in terms of orbital occupation numbers using the Townes and Dailey theory.
Description of a New Genus and Species of Scallop (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pectinidae) from the Upper Cenozoic of North Carolina

ABSTRACT A new genus and species, Patriciapecten iona, are described in the subfamily Chlamydinae (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pectinidae). Patriciapecten is characterized by a shell with commarginal ledges giving an undulating surface, strong radial ribs, and no intermediate hinge teeth. The type locality is the Lee Creek Mine operated by the Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan (formerly Texasgulf, Inc.) near Aurora, Beaufort County, North Carolina, where the specimen was collected in a spoil pile. This site, which is primarily upper Cenozoic, ranges from the Miocene Period through the Holocene Epoch.
Habitat fragmentation and conservation strategies for a rare forest habitat in the Florida Keys archipelago

Habitat loss and fragmentation are principal causes for population declines and the loss of biodiversity across the globe. In the United States, tropical hardwood hammock is a threatened forest ecosystem that occurs only in extreme south Florida, primarily on the Florida Keys archipelago. This rare forest type is characterized by high plant diversity that is strongly influenced by tropical, mast-producing trees and shrubs of West Indian origin. Tropical hardwood hammocks in the Florida Keys provide important habitat for resident and migratory birds, particularly Neotropical species that rely on suitable stopover habitat during migration. The Florida Keys are under intense development pressure, particularly in higher elevation sites where tropical hardwood hammock occurs. With exception of a survey completed during 1991 in the Upper Keys, information regarding habitat loss and current coverage, conservation status, and how best to conserve remaining patches of this rare forest habitat are lacking. We used a Geographic Information Systems approach to assess the extent of loss and fragmentation of tropical hardwood hammock in the upper Keys during 1991–2004, quantify area and number of hammock patches under private ownership and in conservation status throughout the Florida Keys as of 2004, and evaluate strategies to most effectively conserve large blocks of remaining tropical hardwood hammock. Total remaining hammock habitat throughout the Keys encompassed 3,712 ha and hammock habitat declined by 31% in the upper Keys during 1991–2004. Hammock habitat in the upper Keys encompassed 1,962 ha among 124 habitat patches (median = 1.5 ha, range = 0.1–205.7 ha), of which 1,066 ha (54%) were under conservation status. Hammock habitat in the lower Keys encompassed 1,750 ha among 102 patches (median = 4.4 ha, range = 0.3–96.3 ha), of which 1,283 ha (73%) were protected under conservation status. Approximately 37% of total remaining hammock habitat remained unprotected. However, our analyses revealed that many unprotected areas >20 ha were contiguous with protected hammocks. Safeguarding 22 partially protected patches >20 ha (17% of remaining patches) would protect an additional 750 ha of hammock habitat, which represents 55% of all remaining unprotected hammock habitat in the Keys, and would increase the mean patch size of these larger forest patches from 55 to 89 ha. Consequently, strategically focusing conservation efforts on remaining forest patches of tropical hardwood hammock >20 ha in size and contiguous to existing protected areas represents the most effective use of conservation dollars and would provide greater ecological benefits than conservation of small patches of highly fragmented habitat.
Introduction to Electronic Polymers: Influence of Nanostructure on Electronic Phenomena

While polymers have been known and utilized broadly for many decades, polymers with the intrinsic properties of semiconductors and metals are a relatively recent phenomenon. The report in 1977 about doping polyacetylene to achieve relatively high conductivity [1] opened up important new vistas for physics and chemistry, and for technology in general. Early studies recognized that a key feature of the electronic polymers and organic materials was a backbone consisting of alternating single and double bonds resulting in a π“conjugated network”. This in turn led to a relatively small energy gap, enabling the appearance of both semiconducting and metallic properties. The following two chapters by Springborg et al. and Grosso et al. present an introduction to the important concepts of conjugated polymer chains. A review of the literature of conjugated polymers is found in [2].
Automated data base screening of a population-based cohort of stage 1 colon cancer patients for eligibility in NSABP P-3, a polyp prevention study with celecoxib at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC)

1021 Background: Adjuvant/Prevention approaches should be designed to have broad applicability for maximum effectiveness. Celecoxib had generated interest as a polyp/colon cancer (CC) preventive ag...
TRAPPED RADICALS IN ORGANIC DEPOSITS

Polymeric deposits showing an electron spin resonance absorption were made by passing an electrical discharge through vapors of relatively simple organic compounds. Very high spin concentrations (1020/g) were obtained in films formed using naphthalene (C10H8) and anthracene (C14H10) vapors. Paramagnetic spin centers were also found in films deposited from vapors of decalin (C10H18) and of secondary butyl alcohol (C4H10O) but with much lower concentration. The free radial structures are either formed in the discharge itself and then trapped in the deposit or created by bombardment of the film after deposition, and seem to be predominantly of an aromatic nature. By studying the heat treatment dependence of the spin resonance in the temperature range 0–1000°C it is shown that they are distinct from those formed when such films are charred at temperature above 400°C.
A Clinical Approach to the Dysmorphic Child

The purpose of this chapter is to present a clinical approach to the child with structural defects. The approach is predicated upon the concept that the nature of the structural defects presents clues to the time of onset, mechanism of injury, and probable etiology of the problem, all of which determine the direction of the evaluation. It presumes that the dysmorphic child represents an experiment in human development, which, if interpreted correctly, can provide answers regarding the etiology of various structural defects, as well as permit insights into mechanisms of normal and abnormal morphogenesis.
Trajectories of Development: A Further Test*

Following publication of our paper, "Trajectories of Development: A Test of Ecological-Evolutionary Theory," (Social Forces, September 1984), we received a letter from Pierre van den Berghe in which he suggested that we may have misclassified Haiti in our original analysis and thus have lost an opportunity to obtain an added check of our basic conclusions. Readers of that paper may recall that our study of Third World nations showed that those which had a tradition of plow agriculture have been much more successful in adapting to the modern industrial era than those which had a tradition of hoe or digging stick horticulture. However, because of the concentration of the latter in sub-Saharan Africa, it was not clear whether the mode of production or the geographical locale of these societies was responsible for the striking differences we found. In an effort to resolve this dilemma, we examined as a special test case Papua New Guinea, which lies on the other side of the globe from Africa, but which has employed horticulture as its primary mode of production. As we reported, the data on this society much more closely approximates data on the average industrializing horticultural society than data on the average industrializing agrarian society. This supported our contention, based on ecological-evolutionary theory, that the mode of production, rather than the African locale, was the critical factor responsible for our findings. Van den Berghe's letter led us to undertake a closer inspection of Haiti, since it promised to be a second critical test case. Our review of relevant literature (Kurian; Lundahl; Zuvekas) supports his contention that Haiti was misclassified in our original analysis. Its technoeconomic heritage, like that of Papua New Guinea, is indeed primarily horticultural, and since it is well outside the continent of Africa it provides another opportunity to see if our results were due primarily to the horticultural heritage which Haiti shares with all the societies we labeled "industrializ-
Analysis on Influence on Existing Zhongliangshan Tunnel on Xiangyang-Chongqing Railway Imposed by Construction of Above-crossing New Zhongliangshan Tunnel on Chengdu-Chongqing Passenger-dedicated Railway

New Zhongliangshan tunnel on Chengdu-Chongqing passenger-dedicated railway crosses above existing Zhongliangshan tunnel on Xiangyang-Chongqing railway,with the minimum vertical distance between the two tunnels being only 2.9 m.Numerical simulation and field tests are made so as to ensure the safety of the new tunnel and the existing tunnel.The study shows that the existing tunnel has an upward movement trend after the excavation of the above-crossing tunnel;the maximum vertical displacement occurs at the tunnel crown,reaching 7.10 mm;the maximum horizontal displacement occurs at the spring line,reaching 1.73 mm;the maximum tensile stress appears at the inner side of the spring line;the maximum compressive stress appears at the inner side of the tunnel crown.Reinforcement measures for the existing tunnel is proposed and crown displacement monitoring points and horizontal convergence measuring lines are laid out according to the calculation results.The vertical displacement measured is close to the calculation value;the horizontal displacement measured is slightly less than the calculation value,but the regularity of the two values tends to be consistent.It proves that the research method is feasible and rational.
Decrease in tumor enhancement on contrast-enhanced CT is associated with improved survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with Sorafenib.

BACKGROUND This study investigates whether changes in arterial enhancement of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on contrast-enhanced CT in patients treated with Sorafenib predicts overall survival. METHODS Thirty-seven HCC patients treated with Sorafenib were identified retrospectively. Up to two target liver lesions were measured on baseline and follow-up contrast-enhanced CT scans. Patients were stratified by whether arterial enhancement decreased by at least 15% and hazard ratio was calculated for all-cause mortality. Patients were then classified as progressive disease, stable disease or partial response using both the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) criteria and a novel system of enhancement-based response criteria we modeled on mRECIST, but substituting change in arterial enhancement for longest enhancing diameter as the primary measure of tumor response. This response stratification was assessed using survival analysis. RESULTS Patients with a 15% decrease in arterial enhancement on follow-up contrast-enhanced CT had median overall survival of 1022 days versus 189 days in those without; this corresponded to a significant decrease in risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 0.34; P = 0.04). Response groups created using the enhancement-based criteria showed significant differences in overall survival (P < 0.001) and all response groups were significantly separated from each other on a pair-wise basis. CONCLUSIONS Decrease in arterial tumor enhancement on follow-up contrast-enhanced CT by at least 15% was associated with improved overall survival in this small sample of HCC patients treated with Sorafenib and shows promise as a possible clinical measure of tumor response in this population.
Management of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are rare catecholamine-secreting neuroendocrine tumors, up to 40 % of which are attributed to germ line mutations in 12-well identified genes. Patients present with a wide range of clinical manifestations including paroxysms of hypertension, headaches, palpitations, and sweating, being the most common. The high levels of circulating catecholamines predispose patients to catastrophic cardiovascular complications, necessitating a prompt diagnosis and treatment intervention. The mainstay of diagnosis is based on biochemical evidence, which should be followed by localization of the tumor. In addition, genetic screening has also become a standard diagnostic modality and is particularly important in patients with an earlier onset and multifocal disease. Patients should receive symptomatic management and stabilization of the hemodynamic status, which can be achieved with alpha and beta adrenoceptor blockade, calcium channel blockers, and inhibitors of catecholamine synthesis. Surgical resection represents the main form of curative treatment in patients with nonmetastatic disease. Optimization of the preoperative hemodynamic status is critical in preventing intraoperative and postoperative instability and complications. For patients with metastatic disease, other treatment modalities including chemotherapy, radiofrequency ablation, external beam radiation, and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with MIBG or DOTA peptides should be considered. These treatment modalities may be used alone or in synergistic combinations. Furthermore, for refractory cases, novel treatments including targeted molecular therapies should be considered.
Incomplete Recovery of Myocyte Contractile Function Despite Improvement of Myocardial Architecture With Left Ventricular Assist Device Support

Background— Unloading a failing heart with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) can improve ejection fraction (EF) and LV size; however, recovery with LVAD explantation is rare. We hypothesized that evaluation of myocyte contractility and biochemistry at the sarcomere level before and after LVAD may explain organ-level changes. Methods and Results— Paired LV tissue samples were frozen from 8 patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy at LVAD implantation (before LVAD) and before cardiac transplantation (after LVAD). These were compared with 8 nonfailing hearts. Isolated skinned myocytes were purified and attached to a force transducer, and dimensions, maximum calcium-saturated force, calcium sensitivity, and myofilament cooperativity were assessed. Relative isoform abundance and phosphorylation levels of sarcomeric contractile proteins were measured. With LVAD support, the unloaded EF improved (10.0±1.0% to 25.6±11.0%, P =0.007), LV size decreased (LV internal dimension at end diastole, 7.6±1.2 to 4.9±1.4 cm; P <0.001), and myocyte dimensions decreased (cross-sectional area, 1247±346 to 638±254 μm2; P =0.001). Maximum calcium-saturated force improved after LVAD (3.6±0.9 to 7.3±1.8 mN/mm2, P <0.001) implantation but was still lower than in nonfailing hearts (7.3±1.8 versus 17.6±1.8 mN/mm2, P <0.001). An increase in troponin I (TnI) phosphorylation after LVAD implantation was noted, but protein kinase C phosphorylation of TnI decreased. Biochemical changes of other sarcomeric proteins were not observed after LVAD. Conclusions— There is significant improvement in LV and myocyte size with LVAD, but there is only partial recovery of EF and myocyte contractility. LVAD support was associated only with biochemical changes in TnI, suggesting that alternate mechanisms might contribute to contractile changes after LVAD and that additional interventions may be needed to alter biochemical remodeling of the sarcomere to further enhance myofilament and organ-level recovery.
Moralization Through Moral Shock: Exploring Emotional Antecedents to Moral Conviction

The current research tested whether exposure to disgusting images increases moral conviction and whether this happens in the presence of incidental disgust cues versus disgust cues relevant to the ...
An “Overstatement” on Psychological Research: What is a Dissertation?

The case is stated for psychological research that is primarily descriptive, — ethological, if you will, — rather than experimental, in the sense in which this word has been used in psychology. The physical-science model to which psychology has tailored itself has not proven a productive one.
TaaS Design for Combinatorial Testing

Testing-as-a-Service (TaaS) in a cloud environment can leverage the computation power provided by the cloud. Specifically, testing can be scaled to large and dynamic workloads, executed in a distributed environment with hundreds of thousands of processors, and these processors may support concurrent and distributed test execution and analysis. TaaS may be implemented as SaaS and used to test SaaS applications. This chapter proposes a TaaS design for SaaS combinatorial testing. TA and AR algorithm are used in the TaaS design.
Influence of aerodynamic nonlinearity due to static panel-curvature on flutter of panels at transonic and low supersonic Mach numbers

Abstract This study focuses on assessing the influence of aerodynamic nonlinearity due to a static panel curvature on the flutter characteristics of a semi-infinite panel at transonic and low supersonic Mach numbers. The fluid flow is modeled with compressible Euler equations and discretized using density-based streamline-upwind Petrov Galerkin finite element variational form. The structure is analyzed using finite element discretization of a linear Timoshenko beam model. The curved shape of the panel is defined by a half-sine bump with increasing amplitude. Steady-state flow is calculated for this shape and a linearization about this state is used to solve for the flutter mode using a small-disturbance stability eigenvalue formulation. The flutter characteristics are studied for increasing height of the panel curve at several Mach numbers between 0.7 and 2.0. At subsonic Mach numbers flow over the curved panel creates a supersonic bubble and at a sufficiently large height changes the instability mode from zero-frequency divergence to oscillatory flutter. At low supersonic Mach numbers the increasing curve height creates a subsonic region over the panel with a change in the composition of the resulting flutter mode. While the flutter speed is seen to monotonically increase at Mach 1.1, large reductions are observed at Mach 1.5 and 2.0.
Building contextual anchor text representation using graph regularization

Anchor texts are useful complementary description for target pages, widely applied to improve search relevance. The benefits come from the additional information introduced into document representation and the intelligent ways of estimating their relative importance. Previous work on anchor importance estimation treated anchor text independently without considering its context. As a result, the lack of constraints from such context fails to guarantee a stable anchor text representation. We propose an anchor graph regularization approach to incorporate constraints from such context into anchor text weighting process, casting the task into a convex quadratic optimization problem. The constraints draw from the estimation of anchor-anchor, anchorpage, and page-page similarity. Based on any estimators, our approach operates as a post process of refining the estimated anchor weights, making it a plug and play component in search infrastructure. Comparable experiments on standard data sets (TREC 2009 and 2010) demonstrate the efficacy of our approach.
Benefits of Aerobic and Resistance Exercise for Cancer Survivors

Participating in physical activity after a diagnosis of cancer is associated with numerous benefits including fewer side effects of surgery and treatment, improved physical functioning, quality of life, and fatigue, and lower risk of recurrence and death. However, most people still remain physically inactive after a cancer diagnosis. More effective strategies to increase physical activity in cancer survivors should be explored. A better understanding of the benefits of exercise may assist in the promotion of physical activity. Specifically, the benefits of different types of physical activity, at various times after diagnosis, and on various cancer outcomes may assist in the adoption and maintenance of physical activity after a cancer diagnosis. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the benefits of different types of exercise including aerobic and resistance exercise at different times after a diagnosis (during treatment vs. post-treatment) on various cancer outcomes (quality of life, cancer-related fatigue, cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, lymphedema, biological markers of cancer, and risk of recurrence and mortality). By presenting the benefits of different types of exercise on various cancer outcomes, then hopefully future exercise interventions and programs may be tailored to individual preferences and targeted to specific cancer outcomes, which in turn may lead to increases in physical activity among men and women diagnosed with cancer, and ultimately improve survival and overall quality of life.
Risk stratification in unstable angina: the role of clinical prediction models

You are asked to see in your clinic a 49-year-old man with a two-day history of left-sided upper chest pain, which radiates to the jaw and is associated with mild shortness of breath. The pain occurred at rest, was rated as 8/10 in intensity, and lasted for approximately 1 h. The pain recurred the
Regenerative potential of neonatal porcine hearts

Background: Rodent hearts can regenerate myocardium lost to apical resection or myocardial infarction for up to 7 days after birth, but whether a similar window for myocardial regeneration also exi...
EGFR and Its Role in Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common and fatal types of cancers which congregates in the colon or rectum regions of the body. One of the ligand-receptor complexes that plays a major role in the progress of colorectal cancer includes the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). EGFR is expressed on the cellular surface of a variety of cells such as epithelial and muscle cells. Upon binding to a ligand, the overall EGF-EGFR complex leads to a cascade of signaling within the cell to ultimately allow for multiple cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation, and dedifferentiation. When the EGFR activation is overexpressed, it can lead to colorectal cancer. Currently, there are many investigations aiming to study how the complex can be manipulated especially through inhibitors and antibodies to reverse the advancement of colorectal cancer. This chapter aims to understand the EGF-EGFR complex and explore the current research studies investigating EGFR and its role on colorectal cancer.
Characterization of anomalous tool degradation during friction stir processing of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy extrusions: A failure analysis study

Abstract The diameter of a H13 steel tool with M6 threads and a pin diameter of 5.9 mm and a pin length of 5 mm was measured after each 25.4 mm length of friction stir processing (FSP) of 6061-T6 extrusions. The wear of the pin diameter with FSP distance was found to have three distinct regions, the last of which was the steady state, where the pin diameter remained constant. Metallographic analyses of two tools subjected to FSP for 60 and 120 s showed that (i) threads fractured in early stages of FSP, (ii) a built-up layer formed between the threads, and (iii) threads progressively wore with processing time. The metallographic analysis of an embedded tool showed the presence of a fractured piece of the tool in the stir zone, indicating chipping of the tool. The anomalous wear rate and chipping observed in the experiments was attributed to the hardness of the tool which was found to be significantly lower than what is expected of heat-treated H13 steel.
Observations on passive polarimetric imaging across multiple infrared wavebands

An experiment is conducted to observe painted aluminum panels across long-wave, mid-wave, and short-wave regions of the optical infrared spectrum with respect to time. Simultaneously, comprehensive meteorological information including solar intensity, temperature, humidity, and moisture are also recorded. The experiment is focused on 1) understanding the cause of signature variability of several objects in the scene in relation to numerous meteorological conditions, 2) observing the potential benefit offered in passive polarimetric sensing, and 3) identifying the strengths and limitations of each waveband for the encountered condition. Metrics include intensity, polarization, and contrast from multiple wavebands measured across various solar conditions against painted panels and natural clutter. We present details of the experiment setup, analysis of imagery and meteorological data, and observations drawn from experimental results.
The Counter-Revolution’s Long March: The American Right’s Shift from Primitive to Advanced Leninism:

Why is the contemporary Right fascinated by Lenin? Commentators take this infatuation as evidence that the Right has forsaken freedom. By taking Lenin out of context, this argument not only reprodu...
Jokes as a Projective Technique: The Humor of Psychiatric Patients

This paper describes the use of jokes told by psychiatric patients as a projective technique. The typical themes and styles of the jokes that were obtained are described, including the relationship...
Micro-CT Quantitative Evaluation of Graphite Nodules in SGI

The quality of spheroidal graphite cast iron (SGI) castings is directly related to the morphology of graphite nodules. Therefore, accurate and comprehensive quantitative evaluation of microstructure is critical for industrial practices. The most influential morphological characteristics of the graphite phase in SGI can be divided into three categories: (1) shape and size of individual graphite nodules, (2) total volume of graphite phase and nodule number, and (3) spatial distribution. During the last decades, SGI structure analysis has progressed from visual observation of polished cross section and quantitative 2D techniques (metallography and automated SEM/EDX) to observation of the real 3D structure using micro-computed tomography (µCT) scanning. In this article, 2D and 3D morphological characteristics of graphite nodules were determined by µCT scanning and compared. 3D µCT provides accurate characterization of the real shape factor and diameter of graphite nodules. It was shown that large and small graphite nodules in inoculated SGI have the different modes of space distribution which could be linked to casting solidification.
Circuit-equivalent Models for Current-controlled Inverters

In this paper, we introduce a method to analyze three-phase inverters with current control as equivalent circuits. In contrast to existing methods, both the averaged power stage model and its closed-loop controller are represented as a single unified circuit. Since the complete system can be examined as one equivalent circuit, we can glean several insights on design and operation; particularly relating to the time scales at which the controller tracks reference signals and the ability to reject disturbances. We leverage the insights afforded by this general approach to outline design strategies for controllers in both synchronous and stationary reference frames.
Identification of Heat Conductivity in (2+1)D Equation as a Function of Time

The considered problem for identifying the time–dependent heat conductivity coefficient from over–posed boundary data belongs to a class of inverse problems. The proposed solution uses a variational approach for identifying the coefficient. The inverse problem is reformulated as a higher–order elliptic boundary–value problem for minimization of a quadratic functional of the original equation. The resulting system consists of a well–posed fourth–order boundary-value problem for the temperature and an explicit equation for the unknown heat conductivity coefficient. The obtained boundary–value problem is solved by means of an iterative procedure, which is thoroughly validated.
Association of the Intensive Lifestyle Intervention With Total Knee Replacement in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) Clinical Trial.

Abstract Background Evidence has established obesity as a risk factor for total knee replacement (TKR) due to osteoarthritis. Obesity is a risk factor for TKR. Randomized trials such as Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) have shown long-term successful weight loss with an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI). It is unknown, however, if intentional weight loss can reduce the risk of TKR. Methods Look AHEAD randomized persons aged 45-76 with type 2 diabetes who had overweight or obesity to either an ILI to achieve/maintain 7% weight loss or to standard diabetes support and education (DSE). Reported knee pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale and Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index questionnaire in 5125 participants without previous TKR. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to model differences in risk of TKR in relation to randomization group assignment (ILI vs DSE) along with baseline body mass index category and baseline knee pain as potential confounders from baseline through Look AHEAD-Extension. Results Baseline mean ± SD Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index knee pain scores did not differ by treatment assignment (ILI: 3.6 ± 2.9, DSE: 3.9 ± 3.0, P = .08); as expected due to randomization. During follow up, the 631 (12%) participants who reported having a TKR were more likely to have been heavier (P Conclusion Findings suggest that intensive lifestyle change including physical activity, dietary restriction and behavioral changes to achieve weight loss for prevention of TKR may be most effective in preventing TKR prior to the development of knee pain.
Practices and Perceptions of Nurses Regarding Child Visitation in Adult Intensive Care Units.

Background Provision of developmentally appropriate support for child visitors in adult intensive care units (ICUs) would benefit patients and young visitors. Research on best practices for child visitation in adult ICUs is limited. Objectives To explore the perceptions and practices of nurses working in adult ICUs in the United States regarding child visitation and the role of child life specialists in this setting. Methods Data were collected from 446 adult ICU nurses via a cross-sectional survey. The survey explored perceptions and practices regarding child visitation, access to child-friendly resources, and the feasibility of having a child life specialist in adult ICUs. Results Several participants (303, 67.9%) felt that children were at risk for psychological trauma from visiting an adult ICU. Some participants (122, 27.4%) reported that their ICUs did not have policies for child visitation. Logistic regression showed that nurses with a master's degree were 1.8 times (P Conclusions Nurses were inconsistently open to child visitation. Exceptions for older children (> 6 years), children whose parent was the patient, patients' illness severity, and end of life allowed more child visitation. Ways to facilitate child-friendly visitation in adult ICUs are discussed.
Political interference in public health science during covid-19

Populist leaders like Trump, Bolsonaro, Modi, and Johnson view scientists as their opponents
Coronavirus containment depends on human rights: freedom of expression and press are needed to fight pandemic

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to describe restrictions on freedoms of expression and press that have arisen during the coronavirus pandemic and to show the public health impact of these restrictions. Design/methodology/approach - General PubMed and Google searches were used to review human rights violations both historically and during the current coronavirus pandemic. Special attention was paid to publications produced by groups dedicated to monitoring human rights abuses. Findings - During the coronavirus pandemic, many governments have used the guise of controlling the virus to silence critics and stifle the press. Though these restrictions were supposedly orchestrated to fight the virus, they have done just the opposite: suppression of expression and press has hindered public health efforts and exacerbated the spread of the virus. By reducing case reporting, allowing for the spread of misinformation and blocking productive debate, violations of human rights to free expression and press have worsened the coronavirus outbreak. Originality/value - This study shows the ways in which human rights are both threatened and particularly important in crises.
Induction of a colitogenic phenotype in Th1 cells depends on IL-23R signaling

The cytokine receptor IL-23R plays a fundamental role in inflammation and autoimmunity. However, several observations have been difficult to reconcile under the assumption that only Th17 cells critically depend on IL-23 to acquire a pathogenic phenotype. Here, we report that Th1 cells differentiated in vitro with IL-12 + IL-21 show similar levels of IL-23R expression as in pathogenic Th17 cells. We demonstrate that IL-23R is required for Th1 cells to acquire a highly colitogenic phenotype. scRNAseq analysis of intestinal T cells enabled us to identify novel regulators induced by IL-23R-signaling in Th1 cells which differed from those expressed in Th17 cells. The perturbation of one of these regulators (CD160) in Th1 cells inhibited induction of colitis. In this process, we were able to uncouple IL-23R as a purely Th17 cell-specific factor and implicate IL-23R signaling as a pathogenic driver of Th1 cell-mediated tissue inflammation and disease.
Cross-tolerance and transcriptional shifts underlying abiotic stress in the seabird tick, Ixodes uriae

The seabird tick, Ixodes uriae, is a significant ectoparasite of penguins in Antarctica and of other seabirds, mainly in coastal, polar regions of the Northern and Southern hemispheres, but the tick’s distribution extends into more temperate regions as well. The expansive range of this tick suggests that it is exposed to a wide range of abiotic stresses, including dehydration, heat, and cold. To better understand how I. uriae responds to stress exposure, we examined cross-tolerance between dehydration and thermal stress based on survival analyses and used RNA-seq to monitor transcriptional responses to cold, heat, and dehydration. Slight dehydration improved cold, but not heat tolerance, whereas severe dehydration reduced subsequent thermal tolerance. Dehydration exposure prompted transcript-level shifts underlying protein metabolism, recovery from stress, and processes allowing subsequent rehydration by water vapor uptake. Both cold and heat stress yielded expression changes involved in cuticle modification. One gene increased in expression (enzyme P450) and one decreased (transcription factor Hairy) in response to all three stresses. This study provides the groundwork for assessing stress tolerance in this bipolar ectoparasite.