cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Infusing Criminal Justice Content Into the Graduate Social Work Curriculum

Despite the intersection of social work and criminal justice, criminal justice content is only marginally present in social work education. Given that most social work students will at some point in their career work with clients who are directly or collaterally affected by the criminal justice system, this marginal presence is problematic and needs reversing. This article makes the case for graduate social work education programs to consider infusing criminal justice content into their social work curriculum. Supporting this case is a description of an infusion approach and pedagogical strategies for delivering criminal justice content to students.
Estimation of a sinusoid in uncorrelated noise using adaptive line enhancer

In applications of adaptive line enhancers (a.l.e.) for detecting sinusoidal signals in uncorrelated noise, an arbitrary value of delay Δ, the decorrelation parameter, is suggested and Δ = 1 is normally used. Exact analysis of the a.l.e. for the case of a single sinusoid in uncorrelated noise shows that an optimum value of Δ exists for which the a.l.e. yields much better estimate of the sinusoid frequency compared to that with Δ = 1. The simulation results show an excellent agreement with the predicted behaviour.
On the potential field-based control of the MIT-Skywalker

Walking impairments are a common sequela of neurological injury, severely affecting the quality of life of both adults and children. Gait therapy is the traditional approach to ameliorate the problem by re-training the nervous system and there have been some attempts to mechanize such approach. We have recently presented the MIT-Skywalker; a novel device to deliver gait therapy, which, in contrast to previous approaches, takes advantage of the concept of passive walkers and the natural dynamics of the lower extremity in order to deliver more “ecological” therapy. In this paper we present a control scheme for the MIT-Skywalker, which is based on an artificial potential field applied at the foot workspace. It is used to improve sensory feedback to the patient, as well as to increase to normal the range of motion of the paretic leg. Simulation results prove the efficiency of the proposed controller.
Effects of uniaxial mechanical stress on drive current of 0.13 /spl mu/m MOSFETs

We study the effects of both external mechanical stress and intrinsic stress due to trench isolation on drive currents of 0.13 /spl mu/m-node MOSFETs. The drive current, I/sub dsat/, of PMOS is enhanced by about 13% while that of NMOS is reduced by about 9% upon applying a uniaxial compressive stress along the channel of L/sub physical/=85 nm. The shifts in linear drive current, I/sub dlin/, are larger. By applying the external stress, we have simultaneously reproduced, for both PMOS and NMOS, the I/sub dsat/ and I/sub dlin/ shifts due to different gate-trench-isolation distances. We find that the shifts by the applied stress, /spl Delta/I/sub dsat//I/sub dsat0/ and /spl Delta/I/sub dlin//I/sub dlin0/, decrease with decreasing gate length. The change in total resistance, /spl Delta/(V/sub ds//I/sub dlin/), is a linear function of gate length. Because of the mobility dependence on external stress, we have also been able to extract source-drain series resistance, R/sub sd/, by simply bending the wafer.
The Human/Animal Interface: Emergence and Resurgence of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases

Emerging infectious diseases, most of which are considered zoonotic in origin, continue to exact a significant toll on society. The origins of major human infectious diseases are reviewed and the factors underlying disease emergence explored. Anthropogenic changes, largely in land use and agriculture, are implicated in the apparent increased frequency of emergence and re-emergence of zoonoses in recent decades. Special emphasis is placed on the pathogen with likely the greatest zoonotic potential, influenzavirus A.
Changes in Drinking Patterns Across the Transition to College Among First-Year College Males

Few studies examine changes in drinking behavior during the transition from high school to college. Using a sample of 239 first-year males, we hypothesized that participants would increase drinking from pre-college to the first month of college. Results reveal a general trend toward increased drinking upon entering college. Caucasians increased drinking more than non-Caucasians. Social expectancies of alcohol moderated increases in drinking behavior. These findings indicate that differential changes in drinking behavior occur among incoming college males. Interventions with college students need to address both preventing heavy consumption and alcohol-related problems in pre-college light drinkers and in reducing these behaviors among pre-college heavy drinkers.
Los corales. ¿Piedras, plantas o animales?

In science, as in many other disciplines, the obvious is not always true. In this regard, for more than 1,500 years naturalists considered corals as plants. This article, as well as narrate this passage in the stony coral study, is an attempt to inform about an interesting, but little known group of organisms, that are a key piece in the development of one of the most complex and diverse but undervalued ecosystems on the earth: ‘coral reefs’.
Planning the post-communist city: Experiences from Sofia

Abstract This paper examines adjustments of the urban planning process to the post-communist context in the case of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. The main research question is whether master-planning processes have substantially changed from top-down and technocratic (as they certainly were in fascist and then communist Bulgaria) to open and participatory today. The paper tells the story of four master plans—one pre-communist, two communist, and one post-communist. It concludes that despite the increased capacity of the citizenry to both influence and challenge government planning and decision-making, there is little evidence of sharp discontinuity between past and present planning processes.
Transverse Sinus Thrombosis: An Unusual Cause of Headache

A 24-year-old woman presented with headache of 6 days' duration, described as throbbing pain in the right periorbital region radiating to her right ear and neck. The pain was unresponsive to oral analgesics. She had no speech or hearing difficulties, no previous history of migraines, and no family history of neurologic disease. Her medications included oral contraceptives for 8 months' duration. This report describes the salient features of dural sinus thrombosis and recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The relationship between oral contraceptives and protein S levels is also discussed. Cerebral dural sinus thrombosis should be considered in the differential of new onset of headaches, seizures, or focal neurological deficits.
Are IMF Sponsored Basel Accord Banking Regulations Helpful in Preventing Banking Crises in Turkey

The article provides evidence that the Basel Accord-based IMF mandated regulatory reforms that have been enacted into law in Turkey are neither necessary for the safety and soundness of the Turkish banking system nor sufficient to provide it. There are two reasons for this. First, the diversification and security analysis stressed in Basel Accord-mandated risk management plans is not an important source of risk reduction in portfolios containing only Turkish assets. Second, a 10% ratio of equity to Turkish assets is too risky to provide a sound banking system there. This position is argued a four-step chain of reasoning: 1. Diversification as a risk management tool in equity portfolios is ineffective in Turkey due to the high relative volatility of and high covariance among Turkish common stocks. Diversified portfolios have comparable volatilities to a one stock portfolio. During crises the diversified portfolio is substantially riskier than a managed portfolio constructed here. 2. Diversification is also no help in market-traded asset portfolios containing Turkish Treasury bills and common stocks. Because Turkish common stocks are so risky on a relative basis and because of their high covariance with Treasury bills, risk-minimizing portfolios of Turkish market-traded securities contain only Turkish Treasury Bills, risky themselves but safe on a relative basis. 3. Diversification using bank direct loan assets are also not important in minimizing risk in portfolios of Turkish assets. They appear only in relatively small amounts in minimum risk portfolios of Turkish assets. Thus minimum-risk portfolios of Turkish assets contain primarily Turkish Treasury bills. 4. Risk minimizing banks holding only Turkish Treasury bills are too risky under the currently required 10% leverage ratio. Therefore, all Turkish banks are too risky to be consistent with a safe and sound banking system under the 10% requirement. On the other hand, the article also provides evidence that Turkish Treasury Bills, when combined with foreign mature market securities, do provide reduced risk through diversification. This suggests that foreign banks will find fertile ground in Turkey.
Chick ciliary neurotrophic factor is secreted via a nonclassical pathway.

In contrast to mammalian ciliary neurotrophic factors (CNTFs), chick CNTF is secreted, although it lacks an N-terminal signal. We determined that a 52 aa region of chick CNTF containing an internal hydrophobic domain could direct secretion of rat CNTF. Using a stable cell line that overexpressed chick CNTF, we found that chick CNTF immunoreactivity was punctate throughout the cytosol. Cellular fractionation confirmed chick CNTF to be protected by vesicles. Chick CNTF did not colocalize with fibronectin, calreticulin, wheat germ agglutinin binding sites, or with transferrin receptor. The distribution of chick CNTF was altered neither by brefeldin A nor by chloroquine treatment. Although the punctate pattern of chick CNTF immunoreactivity was not due to reuptake, chick CNTF could be found in a cellular compartment labeled after a brief incubation with dextran microbeads. When synthesized in vitro, chick CNTF did not translocate into microsomes. We conclude that chick CNTF is secreted via a nonclassical pathway.
Low-frequency noise characteristics in p-channel FinFETs

We report on the characterization of low-frequency noise in fully depleted (FD) double-gate p-channel FinFETs. While the average noise follows a 1/f dependence, considerable device-to-device variations in noise level are observed due to the statistical fluctuation of the number of oxide traps involved. We found that the low-frequency noise in poly-Si-gated p-FinFETs is mainly governed by the carrier number fluctuation with correlated mobility fluctuation. The low-frequency noise characteristics indicate that the FinFET device can be a promising candidate for analog and RF applications.
Increased diisopropylfluorophosphate-induced toxicity in μ-opioid receptor knockout mice

The potential involvement of μ-opioid receptors in mediating the changes of toxic signs and muscarinic receptor bindings after acute administration of irreversible antiacetylcholinesterase diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) was investigated. DFP-induced chewing movement and tremors were monitored for a period of 180 min in μ-opioid receptor knockout and wild-type mice. The autoradiographic studies of total, M1, and M2 muscarinic receptors were conducted using [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate, [3H]pirenzepine, and [3H]AF-DX384 as ligands, respectively. Saline-treated μ-opioid receptor knockout and wild-type mice did not show chewing movement or tremors. Although DFP (1, 2, or 3 mg/kg, subcutaneous injection, s.c.)-induced chewing movement and tremors were shown in a dose-dependent manner, there were no significant differences in tremors induced by 1 or 2 mg/kg of DFP between μ-opioid receptor knockout and wild-type mice. There were also no significant differences in chewing movement induced by all doses of DFP between μ-opioid receptor knockout and wild-type mice. However, DFP (3 mg/kg)-induced tremors in μ-opioid receptor knockout mice were significantly increased over those in wild-type controls. Acetylcholinesterase activity in the striatum of saline-treated μ-opioid receptor knockout mice was significantly higher than that of the wild-type controls. After administration of DFP, acetylcholinesterase activity in the striatum of both μ-opioid receptor knockout and wild-type mice was significantly decreased (more than 36%, 58%, and 94% reduced at the doses of 1, 2, and 3 mg/kg, respectively) than that of their respective saline controls. M2 muscarinic receptor binding in saline-treated μ-opioid receptor knockout mice was significantly lower than that of the wild-type controls in the striatum. However, there were no significant differences in total, M1, or M2 muscarinic receptor binding in the cortex, striatum, or hippocampus of μ-opioid receptor knockout and wild-type mice after DFP administration. Our data show increased DFP-induced tremors, compensatory up-regulation of acetylcholinesterase activity, and compensatory down-regulation of M2 muscarinic receptors in the striatum of mice lacking μ-opioid receptor gene. These results suggest that the enhancement of DFP-induced tremors may be associated with the compensatory up-regulation of acetylcholinesterase activity and compensatory down-regulation of M2 muscarinic receptors in the striatum of μ-opioid receptor knockout mice. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Action Research for Educational Communications and Technology

Action research refers to the formalized, self-reflective research of practitioners. According to Cochran-Smith and Lytle (Inside and outside: Teacher research and knowledge. NY: Teachers College Press, 1993) action research is “systematic and intentional inquiry” (p. 7). It is often conducted collaboratively in research groups that meet in person or at a distance via communication technologies. Action research transforms the traditional “outside-in” relationship between practitioners and the educational community. It can provide a powerful means for bridging the divide between theory and practice and encouraging practitioners to engage in innovative practices. Action research includes a cyclical process of posing questions, collecting data, reflecting on findings, and reporting results. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of action research and its history in the USA, Great Britain, and Australia. It also describes the epistemological and ontological differences between practical and critical action research. To inspire future action research in our field, we detail the action research method, including data collection and analysis techniques and provide example studies from the field of educational communications and technology. More specifically, we demonstrate the manner in which action research has already been used to better understand the impact of the integration of technology in classrooms and social settings. At the same time, we describe how action researchers have used educational communications and technology to conduct action research and to teach this research method through online or hybrid classes. Technology can be both the focus and part of the method of the action research.
Methylphenidate in ADHD and Refractory Epilepsy

Investigators from Great Ormond Street Hospital, and Institute of Child Health, London, UK, reviewed the case notes of all patients treated with methylphenidate (MPH) for ADHD at an epilepsy center between 1998 and 2005.
What can progress in reproductive technology mean for women

This article critically evaluates the central claims of the various feminist responses to new reproductive arrangements and technologies. Proponents of a "progressivism" object to naive technological optimism and raise questions about the control of such technology. Others, such as the FINRRAGE group, raise concerns about the potentially damaging consequences of the new technologies for women. While a central concern is whether these technologies reinforce harmful biologically determinist stereotypes of women, it may be that these critiques function with a devastating gender blindness that puts women at risk in other, heretofore unnoticed, ways.
Groove pancreatitis, a masquerading yet distinct clinicopathological entity: Analysis of risk factors and differentiation

OBJECTIVES Our objective was to delineate predictive factors differentiating groove pancreatitis (GP) from other lesions involving the head of the pancreas (HOP). METHODS A case-control study of patients older than 10 years was performed comparing patients with GP to those with other surgically resected HOP lesions. RESULTS Thirteen patients with GP (mean ± SD age, 51.9 ± 10.5 years; 11 males [84.6%]), all with a history of smoking (mean, 37.54 ± 17.8 pack-years), were identified. Twelve patients (92.3%) had a history of heavy alcohol drinking (heavy alcohol [EtOH]). The mean lesion size was 2.6 ± 1.1 cm, and the CA 19-9 was elevated (>37 IU/mL) in 5 patients (45.5%). The most common histopathologic condition was duodenal wall cyst with myofibroblastic proliferation and changes of chronic pancreatitis in the HOP.Univariate analysis revealed decreasing age, male sex, weight loss, nausea/vomiting, heavy EtOH, smoking, and a history of chronic pancreatitis were predictive of GP. A multivariate analysis among smokers demonstrated that weight loss (P = 0.006; odds ratio, 11.96; 95% confidence interval, 2.1-70.2), and heavy EtOH (P < 0.001; odds ratio, 82.2; 95% confidence interval, 9.16-738.1) were most predictive of GP. Compared to pancreatic adenocarcinoma (n = 183), weight loss and heavy EtOH remained predictive of GP. CONCLUSION Groove pancreatitis in the HOP is associated with a history of heavy EtOH and weight loss. In the absence of these symptoms, it is essential to rule out a malignant lesion.
A Wind Tunnel Investigation of Lepidopterae Flight in Cross-Wind Conditions

Free-flight, live measurements and analysis of butterfly specimens Idea leuconoe (Tree Nymph) are presented. The study focused on the dynamic adaptation of the insects flying perpendicularly to the air flow through the shear layer region at the edge of the side of the test section from still air in the wind tunnel cross-flow free stream. Syncrhonized high-speed dual-camera were used to obtain successive pairs of images of the insects’ flights. Tracking of several relevant points on the butterflies and estimates of their temporal positions and pose are used for inferring the strategies used by the insects to adapt its flight in unsteady conditions using the motions of its relevant body parts as abdomen, thorax and wings. Few selected flights exhibited a generally linear path through the shear-layer region and in the steady wind tunnel flow, flying effectively straight from still air to cross-wind conditions. An increase in the dynamic motion of wings and abdomen was observed when crossing the shear-flow region as well as a non-symmetrical wing-angle amplitude in flap and sweep with an increase in the leeward wing (downwind) when entering the cross-flow before the stabilization of the flight path. Significant abdomen activity in pitch was observed during large wing-flapping while less amplitude motion is used in other parts of the flights. No significant abdomen motions in yaw was observed during any flight segments suggesting that the wings only act as aerodynamic control surfaces.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Behavior of Electron-Rich s-Tetrazine and Triazolo-tetrazine Nitrate Esters

We have prepared energetic nitrate ester derivatives of 1,2,4,5-tetrazine and 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b]-[1,2,4,5]-tetrazine ring systems as model compounds to study the electrochemical behavior of tetrazines in the presence of explosive groups. The model compounds showed lower thermal stabilities relative to PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate), but slightly improved mechanical sensitivities. The presence of electron-rich amine donors leads to a cathodic shift of the tetrazine redox potentials relative to those of previously reported tetrazine explosives. At these potentials, electron-rich tetrazines with either covalently bound or co-dissolved nitrate ester groups are irreversibly reduced. Effectively, changes in the electronic structure of tetrazines affect their electrochemical response to the presence of nitrate ester groups. Thus, it may be possible to develop tetrazine-based electrochemical sensors for the detection of specific explosives and electrocatalysts for their disposal.
A versatile family of sophorolipid esters: Engineering surfactant structure for stabilization of lemon oil-water interfaces

Abstract Sophorolipids (SLs) are biosurfactants produced by Candida bombicola from renewable feedstocks in yields > 400 g/L. Molecular editing of natural SLs gave a series of n-alkyl SL-esters that, along with natural SLs, were interrogated to determine how structural changes alter SL interfacial tension (IFT), diffusion, adsorption, and emulsification at the lemon oil/water interface. SL-ethyl ester (SL-EE) reduced the IFT by 95.1% and has a critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of 0.026 mg/mL while SL-hexyl ester (SL-HE) had a lower CAC, 0.02 mg/mL, but a lower IFT reduction (87.5%). Adsorption behavior further highlighted differences between the SL-esters as SL-decyl ester (SL-DE) had the lowest surface excess concentration while SL-HE had the highest adsorption coefficient. The competing effects of these interfacial parameters were manifested in the relative performance of SL-esters in forming lemon oil-in-water emulsions. SL-EE had the largest average emulsion droplet size but showed no oil separation up to 200:1 wt/wt oil/surfactant. Microscopy provided information on macroscopic emulsion morphologies. For example, flocculation was observed for all 1 wt% SL 20 wt% lemon oil emulsions. These results were corroborated by shear thinning rheological behavior. Studies were conducted with a natural SL mixture consisting of 1:1 wt/wt lactonic and acidic SLs (LSL + ASL). LSL + ASL has similar emulsion properties to SL-EE at low SL concentrations while emulsions collapsed at higher SL concentrations.
Lipogenic diet-induced alteration of microRNAs in hepatic stress signaling: Implications for hepatic lipoprotein metabolism and insulin resistance

E evidence has demonstrated the important role of microRNAs in energy metabolism and their participation in excessive caloric intake-induced metabolic syndrome. The consequences of the altered microRNAs, however, have not been well explored. The present study sought to advance our understanding of the potential association between reduced expression of microRNAs induced by high-fructose diet in the initiation of cellular stress signaling and their contribution to the onset of dyslipidemia and hepatic insulin resistance. By applying nutrition manipulated animal models, the high-fructose fed-rat and hamster models, and human apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) transgenic mice, we were able to demonstrate that high-fructose diet significantly reduced expression of 13 hepatic microRNAs that are associated with genes involved in inflammatory cell differentiation and lipid signaling, including microRNA-15 and microRNA-378/378*. These phenotypes were closely associated with disruption of mitochondrial membrane integrity, induction of oxidative stress and activation of mitochondrial unfolding protein response (UPR). In vitro, delivering the microRNAs isolated from the livers of fructose fedhamsters into McA-7777 cells, a rat hepatoma cell line, induced activation of mitochondrial UPR. Further investigating the lipid and lipoprotein metabolic profiles of the fructose-fed rats, we noticed that the reduced microRNA expression was associated with overproduction of hepatic apoB100, increased secretion of hepatic VLDL-apoB, and the development of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Our finding unveils a novel role for microRNAs in maintaining metabolic homeostasis of intracellular stress-responding machinery (e.g. mitochondria). It also provides evidence for exploring microRNAs as pharmaceutical targets for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome derived from nutrient–surplus.
Kinesiologic Review of Muscle Function for Physical Education Majors

(1977). Kinesiologic Review of Muscle Function for Physical Education Majors. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 48, No. 5, pp. 60-61.
How to Facilitate Student Conversation Through Discussion Protocols: Making It Meaningful and Active

BRIEF SESSION DESCRIPTION:Learn different methods for discussion protocols to facilitate conversations among students. This session will provide examples of different protocols and examine the success of a particular method in creating student engagement.________________________________________________________________FULL ABSTRACT: Discussion protocols are useful structures for facilitating conversation among students. There are a wide array of protocols for a variety of purposes, for example, to examine a text or to prompt students' thinking related to a series of provocative content-related questions or to surface students' assumptions and prior knowledge. In my session, I will be providing a variety of protocols for participants to take for use on their own, but will demonstrate just one of them. I will use a "Block Party" protocol where participants will read a short text (in our case, "Willing to be Disturbed" by Margaret Wheatley), highlight pieces of the text that strike them for whatever reason, and then they will partner with a participant-mate to share their thinking related to one of their highlighted pieces. Their partner will do the same. We will do this several times. The purpose of the activity is to demonstrate the relative ease (with careful planning) of facilitating meaningful conversations among students that elicit their perspectives and call on them to share those perspectives with others. The activity also demonstrates a structure that promotes equity of participation where all students are expected be actively engaged (versus the traditional cycle where the instructor poses a question and only one student responds). Designing for engagement in this way surfaces and values the diversity of students' thinking. If there is time, we will engage in second protocol.AÂ Faculty will have tools to facilitate greater student conversation in their courses. The protocols are not subject specific and are useful to any discipline/content where the instructor would like greater student conversation.For more information about how to engage students in discussion:AÂ https://stearnscenter.gmu.edu/teaching/engaging-students-in-discussion
Family ownership and family involvement as antecedents of strategic action: A longitudinal study of initial international entry

Abstract This study integrates behavioral agency theory with the conditions of willingness and ability to investigate how family ownership and family involvement affect the likelihood of initial international entry, both directly and interactively. A firm's initial international entry—its first expansion into a foreign market—is considered a major, and often risky, strategic action that enables a firm to compete and grow. Among family firms, variance in initial international entry is theoretically explained by the family's willingness and ability to participate. Using survival analysis on data representing 190 different family firms across 10 years, our findings support hypotheses suggesting that family ownership and involvement decrease the likelihood of initial international entry. However, these two forms of family control also act as interactive substitutes in relation to initial international entry likelihood. Our findings provide for a more nuanced understanding of family control heterogeneity in relationship to major strategic actions.
Seasonal Occurrence, Phenological Indicators and Mortality Factors Affecting Five Scale Insect Species (Hemiptera:Diaspididae, Coccidae) in the Urban Landscape Setting

Proper timing of pesticide applications is paramount when attempting to control scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae, Coccidae) that are important pests of landscape plantings. Use of degree-days and phenological indicators can better time the applications and reduce the number of treatments. Seasonal appearance of five species of scale insects in the urban landscape along with flowering phenology of 40 plant species were systematically monitored during 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000 in Athens, GA. Degree-day calculations for predicting first-generation crawler emergence were attained by two methods: use of standard-base or an experimentally determined base temperature. Predictions using a standard temperature resulted in high year-to-year variance. Use of a model-derived base temperature reduced the variance for degree-days needed for first crawler emergence. Mean base temperatures for European fruit lecanium, Indian wax scale, obscure scale, euonymus scale, and tea scale were, respectively, 12.78, 12.78, 5....
The Epidemiological Impact of Rotavirus Vaccination Programs in the United States and Mexico

Rotavirus, the most common cause of gastroenteritis among children worldwide, is responsible for approximately 600,000 deaths every year worldwide. Clinical trials of RotaTeq and Rotarix, two commercially generated approved vaccines, have shown a high degree of effectiveness in protecting the most vulnerable individuals against rotavirus infections. RotaTeq and Rotarix are now incorporated into the portfolio of vaccines recommended for regular use by infants in the US and Mexico, respectively. The focus here is to evaluate the impact of vaccine-generated herd immunity, a function of the implementation regimes and coverage policies, on rotavirus transmission dynamics at the population level. In order to evaluate the overall impact of vaccine regimes in the US and Mexico, we develop an age-structured epidemiological model of rotavirus transmission that includes age-specific vaccination rates. This model is parameterized using available epidemiological and vaccine data. Numerical simulations of the parameterized model support the conclusion that reasonable rotavirus vaccination programs can prevent a significant fraction of primary (severe) rotavirus infections in the US and Mexico. Vaccination is likely to have stronger positive impact in Mexico than in the US, because the prevalence of rotavirus infections is higher in Mexico and demographics are distinct in two countries. It is shown that the age distribution of rotavirus cases will shift as a result of vaccination. This shift will be accompanied with decreases in the proportion of primary infections and the change in the distribution of subsequent infections. Effective vaccination regimes tend to increase the average age of both primary and subsequent infections. The observed shifts reduce the average population risk because severity tends to decrease with age.
Endogenous Financial Constraint and Investment‐Cash‐Flow Sensitivity

This paper studies a dynamic investment model with moral hazard. The moral hazard problem implies an endogenous financial constraint on investment that makes the firm's investment sensitive to cash flows. I show that the production technology and the severity of the moral hazard problem substantially affect the dependence of the investment‐cash‐flow sensitivity on the financial constraint. Specifically, if the production technology exhibits almost constant returns to scale in capital or the moral hazard problem is relatively severe, the dependence is negative. Otherwise, the pattern is reversed to some extent. Moreover, the calibrated benchmark model can quantitatively account for the negative dependence of investment and Tobin's Q on size and age observed in the data.
Review of: Daniel Nemser. Infrastructures of Race: Concentration and Biopolitics in Colonial Mexico. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2017.

Review of: Daniel Nemser. Infrastructures of Race: Concentration and Biopolitics in Colonial Mexico. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2017.
The Use of Sociodrama as a Therapeutic Technique with Behavior Disordered Children.

In the mid 1940s J. L. Moreno developed a technique, psychodrama, to help individuals cope with personal and interpersonal problems. This technique was modified to encompass problems encountered by...
Is the Proportion of Children With Disabilities in Inclusive Preschool Programs Associated With Children’s Achievement?:

This study applied multilevel modeling to examine the relationship between the percentage of children with mild/moderate disabilities in classrooms and children’s language and literacy achievement ...
Risk factors associated with positive resection margins in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma

Abstract Background Positive resection margins are associated with worse survival after surgery for adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). We aimed to identify risk factors for positive margins post-resection. Methods The NCDB was queried for ACC patients from 2006 to 2015. Patients with positive versus negative resection margins post-surgery were compared using Chi-square tests. Survival based on adjuvant treatment was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results 1,973 patients with ACC were identified, 217 (11.0%) with positive margins. Multivariable analysis identified extra-adrenal extension (HR 4.92, p Conclusion No modifiable risk factors were identified, but patients with positive margins receiving adjuvant radiation or chemo-radiation had the longest survival.
Portable compression devices in total joint arthroplasty: poor outpatient compliance.

Abstract Background Aspirin and mechanical compression devices are approved means of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis after total joint arthroplasty. Prior studies of mechanical compression pumps after joint arthroplasty have been limited to the inpatient setting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate outpatient compliance and utilization factors in a rural population after elective hip or knee arthroplasty. Methods Utilization for portable pneumatic compression pumps after joint arthroplasty was prospectively recorded (hours). Compliance was defined as the recommended 20 hours per day. A questionnaire 2 weeks postoperatively assessed factors that may contribute to noncompliance. Patients were followed up for 90 days postoperatively to record VTE events. Results Data were collected for 115 joint arthroplasty patients (50 hips, 65 knees). Postdischarge day one had the highest average usage at 13.2 hours/day (66.0%, range 0%-100%), but this number fell to 4.8 hours/day (24.0, range 0%-100%) by day 14. Patient compliance (>20 hours use/day) was highest on postdischarge day one at 40 patients (34.7%). By postdischarge day 14, patient compliance fell to 17 patients (14.8%). Difficulty using the pumps (P = .027) and pump-associated heat (P = .009) were significantly associated with patient compliance. A deep vein thrombosis and nonfatal pulmonary embolism were recorded in 2 separate patients. Conclusions This study demonstrated poor outpatient compliance with portable pneumatic compression devices. Poor compliance was related to pump heat and difficulty with pump use. Even with poor compliance, a low incidence of VTE events was observed.
Synovial Myxoma: Found in Canines, Rabbits, and Now Humans Too?: A Case Report.

CASE A 63 year-old woman presented with a multiple-year history of right knee pain and effusions and pain refractory to numerous knee aspirations and an arthroscopic synovectomy. The patient underwent a 2-incision synovectomy and intralesional resection. A pathologic review of the specimens revealed an infiltrative tumor of basophilic, cluster of differentiation 68-positive synovial cells embedded within a myxoid stroma with low proliferative activity, most consistent with a synovial myxoma. CONCLUSIONS This case report of a synovial myxoma-a benign, slow growing but locally aggressive mass that is most commonly found in canines-indicates that the lesion may occasionally occur in humans.
Update on Diagnosis and Treatment of Adult Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare pulmonary surfactant homeostasis disorder resulting in buildup of lipo-proteinaceous material within the alveoli. PAP is classified as primary (autoimmune and hereditary), secondary, congenital and unclassifiable type based on the underlying pathogenesis. PAP has an insidious onset and can, in some cases, progress to severe respiratory failure. Diagnosis is often secured with bronchoalveolar lavage in the setting of classic imaging findings. Recent insights into genetic alterations and autoimmune mechanisms have provided newer diagnostics and treatment options. In this review, we discuss the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment options available and emerging for PAP.
Correlates of Persistent Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Mixtures among Reproductive-Aged Black Women

Black women are exposed to multiple endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), but few studies have examined their profiles of exposure to EDC mixtures. We identified biomarker profiles and correlates of exposure to EDC mixtures in a cross-sectional analysis of data from a prospective cohort study of 749 Black women aged 23-35 years. We quantified plasma concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in nonfasting samples collected at baseline. Demographic, behavioral, dietary, and reproductive covariates were also collected at baseline. We used k-means clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) to describe concentration profiles of EDC mixtures (17 PCBs, 6 PBDEs, 4 OCPs, 6 PFAS), followed by multinomial logistic and multivariable linear regression to estimate mean differences in PCA scores (β) and odds ratios (ORs) of cluster membership with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Older age (per 1 year increase: β = 0.47, CI = 0.39, 0.54; OR = 1.27, CI = 1.20, 1.35), lower body mass index (per 1 kg/m2 increase: β = -0.14, CI = -0.17, -0.12; OR = 0.91, CI = 0.89, 0.94), and current smoking (≥10 cigarettes/day vs never smokers: β = 1.37, CI = 0.20, 2.55; OR = 2.63, CI = 1.07, 6.50) were associated with profiles characterized by higher concentrations of all EDCs. Other behaviors and traits, including dietary factors and years since last birth, were also associated with EDC mixtures.
Formerly Manufacturing Entities -- Piercing the 'Patent Troll' Veil

Everyone hates patent trolls, those companies that “hijack somebody else’s idea” and use the patents to “extort some money” from companies that actually make things. But not all patent trolls are created equal. This article is the first to focus on one type of patent troll – the formerly manufacturing entity. These patent trolls used to make or do something in commerce, but now derive all or a significant portion of their income through licensing their intellectual property. Using case study analysis, this article demonstrates that formerly manufacturing entities do not impose the harms associated with patent trolls more broadly and, in fact, provide unique benefits for commercialization of new technologies. Specifically, formerly manufacturing entities do not “sneak up” on manufacturing companies, waiting for them to invest extensively in a technology before seeking a license; rather, the technology and the patents are already out in the open, having been practiced by the patent troll. Further, because formerly manufacturing entities have already worked to commercialize the technology, they are in a much better position to assess its value, as well as the costs and risks associated with bringing it to market. We should recognize the benefits formerly manufacturing entities add to commercialization and ensure that potential patent reform measures and judicial solutions to the patent troll problem are carefully drawn not to do more harm than good.
Heat resistant optical fiber cable

Fused silica material is known to be heat resistant, but for high-temperature applications of this material as an optical fiber, there are two problems: high- temperature fatigue and loss increase.1 In the present work, the high-temperature fatigue and loss increase of aluminum-coated fibers have been examined, and optical fiber cables have been designed based on the experiment. The cables have been fabricated and evaluated.
Homework Assignments: Classroom Games or Teaching Tools ?

(1979). Homework Assignments: Classroom Games or Teaching Tools ? The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 31-35.
Characterization of the ligand binding domain of human retinoid X receptor alpha expressed in Escherichia coli

In order to study the structural details of ligand protein interactions of the human retinoid X receptor alpha (hRXR alpha), the DEF and EF domains of the receptor were expressed as glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins in Escherichia coli. The fusion proteins were expressed at high levels and were affinity-purified by chromatography over glutathione-agarose. The DEF and EF domains were cleaved from the fusion proteins by digestion with thrombin. Retinoic acid binding was quantitated using two different methods. The apparent dissociation constant (Kd) and the stoichiometry of 9-cis-retinoic acid binding were performed by monitoring quenching of protein fluorescence. To directly compare the binding affinity of the E. coli-derived truncated hRXR alpha with full-length hRXR alpha expressed in transiently transfected COS cells, Scatchard analyses of [3H]9-cis-retinoic acid binding assays were performed. Both methods of analysis indicate that while the cleaved DEF peptide bound 9-cis-retinoic acid tightly, the cleaved EF peptide exhibited variable binding activity between preparations. By fluorimetric analysis, the Kd of the cleaved DEF peptide was estimated to be 3 +/- 0.5 nM with a stoichiometry of 1:1.1 +/- 0.1. By Scatchard analysis, the Kd values for [3H]9-cis-retinoic acid to the GST-hRXR alpha (DEF) peptide and the cleaved DEF peptide were estimated to be 1.8 nM and 5.6 nM, respectively. The estimated molecular mass from high speed sedimentation equilibrium experiments was 36 +/- 2 kDa for the apo-DEF peptide alone and 38 +/- 3 kDa for the holo-DEF peptide complexed with 9-cis-retinoic acid. This suggests that the recombinant ligand binding domain was predominantly in the monomer form. However, dimers of the cleaved DEF peptides were detected in chemical cross-linking experiments both in the presence and absence of 9-cis-retinoic acid. Since the purified E. coli-derived truncated hRXR alpha DEF peptide appears to fully retain its ligand binding activity, it should provide a useful model system for further structural analysis of ligand-protein interactions.
Behavioral Treatment of Insomnia: A Clinical Case Series Study

There is substantial experimental evidence that behavioral treatment of insomnia produces significant clinical improvement and that treatment gains tend to be maintained over time. Less clear is whether behavioral treatment is effective as it is plied in clinical settings. In this clinical case series study, we evaluated 47 patients with primary insomnia. It was found that patients were, on average, 43% improved. This average corresponded to a 65% reduction in sleep latency, a 46% decrease in number of awakenings per night, a 48% reduction in wake time after sleep onset, and a 13% increase in total sleep time. These results suggest that behavioral treatment for insomnia is as effective in clinical settings as it is as under clinical trial conditions.
Characteristics of Nonsmoking Women in NHANES I and NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study with Exposure to Spouses Who Smoke

Few studies have examined the relation between passive smoking and dietary intake in a large population. This report examines the nutrition and behavioral characteristics of 3,896 nonsmoking women from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) population in relation to exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. The data indicate that nonsmoking women who were exposed to husbands who smoked were more likely to be older, have lower education, live in the city, and have other health behaviors that could increase their risk of lung cancer compared with nonsmoking women with husbands who did not smoke. The nonexposed women were more likely to take vitamin supplements, to not drink alcohol, and to consume higher levels of dietary vitamin A, vitamin C, and calcium. The exposed and nonexposed women showed no difference in the levels of fatty acid intake nor in the levels of several other foods from the food frequency list after correction for age. Many of the differences that the authors observed between the women who were exposed and nonexposed to passive smoking could affect the risk of cancer. Therefore, they recommend that future studies of nonsmokers examine the influence of both passive smoking and diet on the risk of disease rather than examine the influence of a single factor. Am J Epidemiol 1995 ;142 :149-57.
Putting Your Best Foot Forward? Assessments of Entrepreneurial Social Competence from Two Perspectives

Socially competent entrepreneurs are likely to gain access to more or better information, generate enthusiasm among venture capitalists, or attract employees or customers. Our study examines the perceptions entrepreneurs have about their own social competence and compares these perceptions to assessments of outsiders. Sixty-six entrepreneurs seeking funding from venture capitalists completed a self-assessment of their own social skills, and they were videotaped as they presented their business plans. Results indicated that entrepreneurs showed a typical “self-serving bias,” rating their own social skills and persuasion skills higher than did experts who viewed the videotapes. We conclude by discussing implications for entrepreneurs, educators, and consultants assisting entrepreneurs.
Enrichment of estuarine phytoplankton by the addition of dissolved manganese

Abstract The response of natural phytoplankton to additions of excess Mn in an estuary receiving sewage effluent varied with tidal amplitude. During periods of low tidal amplitude, when DOC concentrations were high, carbon uptake by phytoplankton was stimulated. When tidal amplitudes were relatively high, carbon uptake was not affected by Mn addition. The link between high DOC concentrations and stimulation suggests that the Mn addition either relieves a deficiency in available Mn caused by organic complexation or complexes organics from the sewage effluent which are otherwise harmful to phytoplankton productivity. Sewage effluent entering estuaries can be both beneficial and detrimental to the phytoplankton population. Productivity is increased by the addition of inorganic nutrients but may be depressed by the organics contained in the effluent.
Twenty years after Baddeley (1988): Is the study of autobiographical memory fully functional?

Twenty years after Baddeley admonished memory researchers to examine the real-world relevance of their findings, research has informed a wide range of practical issues and it is increasingly guided by analyses of memory functions. Although broadly defined social, self and directive functional categories have provided an initial organizational framework for autobiographical memory research, the functional agenda will benefit from conceptual and methodological refinements and innovations. An especially valuable research strategy targets specific functions in carefully defined experimental and practical contexts. Promising research directions include comparing functions served by positive versus negative memories, tracking the early development of memory functions, and exploring individual and group differences. Although reconstructive memory processes contribute to inaccuracies in reproducing the past, functional analysis instead highlights the adaptive value of a flexible and constructive memory system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.