cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A survey of exact solutions of inviscid field equations in the theory of shear flow instabilty

This paper presents a survey of undisturbed flows that take one or another of the field equations of inviscid shear flow instability theory (e.g. theRayleigh equation,Taylor-Goldstein-Haurwitz equation or theKuo equation) to a differential equation satisfied by aknown transcendental function forarbitrary complex values of the parameters. Some mean velocity profiles having this feature are well known. Thus, piecewise linear mean velocity profiles take theRayleigh equations to a constant-coefficient differential equation and the exponential mean velocity profile takes theRayleigh equation to theGauss hypergeometric equation. Less well known is the fact that a variety of mean velocity profiles take theRayleigh equation to a differential equation due toKarlHeun. These profiles include: (i) the sinusoidal profile; (ii) the hyperbolic tangent profile (an example pointed out byMiles (1963)); (iii) the profile in the form of the square of a hyperbolic secant (theBickley jet); and, (iv) a skewed velocity profile in which each component has the form of a quadratic function of the variable exp(−z/l) (in whichz is the cross-stream coordinate andl is a length scale). In all of these cases, one or another author has previously identified aregular neutral mode solution of theRayleigh equation and has expressed that solution in the form of elementary functions. Such regular neutral modes apparently represent cases in which the solution ofHeun's equation (which is normally an infinite series) truncates to a single term. The survey concludes by noting that the parabolic mean velocity profile takes theRayleigh equation to thedifferential equation of the spheroidal wave function.
Terrorism and the closure of society: A social-impact projection

Abstract A social-impact projection of terrorism in the United States is presented in the ligth of recent conceptual and methodological developments. The projections proper explore the effect of a terrorist climate on: demography, security, and the cost of living, letter and spirit of the law, paramilitary groups, and mental health. It is suggested that the most effective way of halting terrorism rests in the formula of “mass times velocity equals impact.” This entails a swift and massive application of force that leaves society vulnerable to militarization, the possibility of a “garrison state,” and an overall closure of society in general.
A long-wavelength fluorescent substrate for continuous fluorometric determination of cellulase activity: resorufin-β-d-cellobioside

Abstract A simple and reliable continuous assay procedure for measurement of cellulase activity from several species using the new substrate resorufin-β- d -cellobioside (Res-CB) has been developed. The product of enzyme reaction, resorufin, exhibits fluorescence emission at 585 nm with excitation at 571 nm and has a pKa of 5.8, which allows continuous measurement of fluorescence turnover at or near physiological pH values. The assay performed using purified cellulase from the microscopic fungus Trichoderma reesei has been shown to give the kinetic parameters Km of 112 μM and Vmax of 0.000673 μmol/mL/min. Methods for performing the assay using cellulases isolated from both live Arabidopsis thaliana plant and Aspergillus niger fungal species are presented.
Role of electrophysiologic testing in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with known and suspected bradycardias and tachycardias

Abstract Electrophysiologic testing has made possible more accurate diagnosis and treatment of recurrent tachycardias and syncopal episodes. The rapid expansion in clinical electrophysiology is reflected both in the number of reports in the literature and in the texts, monographs, and reviews appearing in recent years. 1–8 The challenge for the 1980s will be the continued refinement of present studies and the identification of high-risk patients for the development of bradycardias or tachycardias who warrant prophylactic treatment. Over the last decade, a battery of tests has been developed to assess the electrophysiologic function of cardiac tissues. The details of these tests vary among investigators. Occasionally, differences in investigator's assumptions, experience, or definitions may result in marked differences in viewpoints or conclusions, much to the consternation of the unwary reader. This article will review some fo the electrophysiologic tests and procedures currently in use, their applications, and reliability.
Causes of Delinquency: A Partial Replication and Extension

Focusing primarily on urban males, Hirschi (1969) presents research findings which are generally consistent with the propositions of his control theory. In an effort to examine the extent to which Hirschi's basic research results can be replicated, groups of rural male and female students in grades six through 12 of one school were asked to respond to a self-report delinquency questionnaire and a series of items which Hirschi used to test propositions of his control theory. Indicators of “attachment” to parents and the school; “commitment” to, and “involvement” in, conventional activities; and “belief,” were found to be related to reported delinquent involvement among these rural respondents to about the same extent as among Hirschi's urban males. However, his findings that attachment to peers and attachment to parents are positively related (to each other) and attachment to peers and reported delinquent involvement are negatively related, were not replicated; rather, the former relationship was found to be nearly orthogonal and the latter variables were found to be positively related.
Children of the Affluent Challenges to Well-Being

Growing up in the culture of affluence can connote various psychosocial risks. Studies have shown that upper-class children can manifest elevated disturbance in several areas-such as substance use, anxiety, and depression-and that two sets of factors seem to be implicated, that is, excessive pressures to achieve and isolation from parents (both literal and emotional). Whereas stereotypically, affluent youth and poor youth are respectively thought of as being at "low risk" and "high risk," comparative studies have revealed more similarities than differences in their adjustment patterns and socialization processes. In the years ahead, psychologists must correct the long-standing neglect of a group of youngsters treated, thus far, as not needing their attention. Family wealth does not automatically confer either wisdom in parenting or equanimity of spirit; whereas children rendered atypical by virtue of their parents' wealth are undoubtedly privileged in many respects, there is also, clearly, the potential for some nontrivial threats to their psychological well-being.
Developments in fiber optic sensor design

A wide range of indirect phase sensors which permit sensing of most common industrial physical measurands has been developed. Porous glass fiber research efforts show the potential for developing fibers capable of making photometric, spectrometric, and perhaps chromatographic measurements on gaseous and liquid substances. Infrared-fiber development has allowed the emergence of a variety of infrared sensors. These sensors have the potential capability of performing remote, localized FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) measurements, thus substantially expanding capabilities to qualitatively identify organic and inorganic compounds in remote-sensing environments. Bragg grating and double-core fiber sensors are discussed in terms of their ability to provide active optical effects and increase the sensitivity of certain measurements. >
Preliminary evaluation of the parasitoid wasp, Collyria catoptron, as a potential biological control agent against the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus, in North America

ABSTRACTThe wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) is the major pest of wheat in the northern plains of North America, with biological control providing a potentially useful management tool. Foreign exploration by the USDA-ARS identified Collyria catoptron (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a parasitoid wasp of Cephus fumipennis in northern China, as a potential biological control agent. Here we carry out a preliminary evaluation of the potential suitability of C. catoptron, as a candidate agent against C. cinctus. Specifically we: (1) Quantify the spatio-temporal variation in parasitism rates on the native host from collection sites in northern China over six years, and (2) Assess whether C. catoptron will oviposit and complete development in the novel targeted host. Maximum parasitism of the native host in the native range was 38%, exceeding the theoretical threshold for successful biological control. Site occupancy levels were high (83%) suggesting good colonisation abilities. C. catoptro...
Length-Scale Selection and Microstructural Patterning During Phase Transformations

A recent TMS2014 (San Diego, California) symposium highlighted many of the fundamental questions surrounding length-scale selection in materials. Distinct, nonrandom pattern formation during phase transformations and microstructure development is the outcome of a complex interplay among many contributing factors (thermodynamics, growth anisotropy, disparity in species transport speed, etc.) that will ultimately influence properties. These properties can range from tensile strength to magnetic hysteresis. Some of the more recent classes of materials and applications depend on the ability of a system to selfassemble into a defect-free coherent pattern, exemplifying the need for a deeper understanding of the underlying pattern-generating mechanisms. As different scientific fields encounter selection mechanisms in different manifestations, it is important to keep an open dialogue between materials-oriented fields concerning length-scale and pattern formation. Many important insights have been gained by examining diffusional transformations in steels and superalloys because there are relatively large empirical datasets connecting the kinetics, driving force, and resultant microstructure. One of the best studied, but still elusive, reactions is the coupled growth of multiple phases into a matrix that need not be homogeneous. Two of the articles within the current JOM issue help to bring more subtle details of this type of transformation to light. Rojhirunsakool et al. (‘‘Discontinuous Precipitation of c¢ Phase in Ni-Co-Al Alloys’’) examine the interesting and difficult case where the matrix is inhomogeneous. Miller and De Moor (‘‘Influence of Nb Additions on Microstructural Evolution of a V-Microalloyed High Carbon Wire Steel During Patenting’’) examine the effect of alloying and industrial-style heat treatment on the development of pearlite. Outside of metals, Aytimur et al. (‘‘Boron Undoped and Doped Europium-Bismuth Oxide Nanocomposites via the Polymeric Precursor Technique’’) have studied changes in morphology of Eu-Bi oxides with boron doping. During processing, these materials undergo multiple reactions where the initial grain size, phase selection, and morphology influence the next step of the reaction. Gibbs et al. (‘‘Multiscale X-ray and Proton Imaging of Bismuth-Tin Solidification’’) have taken a different tack in their approach to lengthscale selection by using time-resolved multiscale imaging techniques to highlight changes in size and spatial distribution during tin-bismuth solidification. Certainly, the challenges inherent to pattern formation and length-scale selection during phase transformations will remain, but a combination of new data, new techniques, and creative theory development will continue to pave the way for tomorrow’s technologies.
Robust modeling of dynamic environment based on robot embodiment

Recent studies on embodied cognitive science have shown us the possibility of emergence of more complex and nontrivial behaviors with quite simple designs if the designer takes the dynamics of the system-environment interaction into account properly. In this paper, we report our tentative classification experiments of several objects using the human-like autonomous robot, "WAMOEBA-2Ri". As modeling the environment, we focus on not only static aspects of the environment but also dynamic aspects of it including that of the system own. The visualized result of this experiment shows the integration of multimodal sensor dataset acquired by the system-environment interaction ("grasping") enable robust categorization of several objects. Finally, in discussion, we demonstrate a possible application to making "invariance in motion" emerge consequently by extending this approach.
Summary of Recent Developments in Primordial Nucleosynthesis.

This paper summarizes the recent observational and theoretical results on Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. In particular, it is shown that the new Pop II (6)Li results strongly support the argument that the Spite Plateau lithium is a good estimate of the primordial value. The (6)Li is consistent with the Be and Be found in Pop II stars, assuming those elements are cosmic ray produced. The HST (2)D value tightens the (2)D arguments and the observation of the (3)He in planetary nebula strengthens the (3)He +(2)D argument as a lower bound on Ωb. The new low metalicity (4)He determinations slightly raise the best primordial (4)He number and thus make a better fit and avoid a potential problem. The quark-hadron inspired inhomogeneous calculations now unanimously agree that only relatively small variations in Ωb are possible vis-a-vis the homogeneous model; hence, the robustness of Ωb∼ 0.05 is now apparent. A comparison with the ROSAT cluster data is also shown to be consistent with the standard BBN model. Ωb∼ 1 seems to be definitely excluded, so, if Ω= 1, as some recent observations may hint, then non-baryonic dark matter is required.
Characterization of a Putative Membrane Receptor for Progesterone in Rat Granulosa Cells

Progesterone (P(4)) inhibits granulosa cell apoptosis in a steroid-specific, dose-dependent manner, but these cells do not express the classic nuclear P(4) receptor. It has been proposed that P(4) mediates its action through a 60-kDa protein that functions as a membrane receptor. The present studies were designed to determine the P(4) binding characteristics of this protein. Western blot analysis using an antibody that recognizes the P(4) binding site of the nuclear P(4) receptor (C-262) confirmed that the 60-kDa protein was localized to the plasma membrane of both granulosa cells and spontaneously immortalized granulosa cells (SIGCs). To determine whether this protein binds P(4), proteins were immunoprecipitated with the C-262 antibody, electrophoresed, transferred to nitrocellulose, and probed with a horseradish peroxidase-labeled P(4) in the presence or absence of nonlabeled P(4). This study demonstrated that the 60-kDa protein specifically binds P(4). Scatchard plot analysis revealed that (3)H-P(4) binds to a single site (i.e., single protein), which is relatively abundant (200 pmol/mg) with a K(d) of 360 nM. (3)H-P(4) binding was not reduced by dexamethasone, mifepristone (RU 486), or onapristone (ZK98299). Further studies with SIGCs showed that P(4) inhibited apoptosis and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) activity, and maintained calcium homeostasis. These studies taken together support the concept that the 60-kDa P(4) binding protein functions as a low-affinity, high-capacity membrane receptor for P(4).
Agential realism, social constructionism, and our living relations to our surroundings: Sensing similarities rather than seeing patterns

If Barad’s account of agential realism is correct, then the psychological “things” that we name as “thoughts,” “ideas,” “theories,” “knowledge,” or “observations,” and study as the products of proc...
Serendipity Strikes Again: Scopolamine as an Antidepressant Agent in Bipolar Depressed Patients

The adrenergic-cholinergic balance hypothesis of mania and depression suggests that depression may be due to an over-activity or a hypersensitivity to central acetylcholine. From this hypothesis, it is logical that scopolamine, a centrally acting antimuscarinic agent, would be useful as an antidepressant. Authors, working at the Intramural Program at NIMH in Bethesda Maryland have shown that intravenous scopolamine is a rapidly acting, effective antidepressant and have than replicated this finding. They now report that this antidepressant effect occurs in bipolar, as well as unipolar depressed patients. The clinical and theoretical implications of this findng for difficult to treat bipolar depressed patients is considerable, and the finding is in need of independent replication.
Explaining Women's Legislative Representation in Sub‐Saharan Africa

This study examines the relative impacts of social, economic, cultural, and political determinants on women's legislative representation in sub-Saharan Africa by using an ordinary least squares multiple regression model. Under study are sub-Saharan African countries that held democratic legislative elections between January 1990 and June 30, 2001. Only the latest election in each country is included for analysis. My study finds that patriarchal culture, proportional representation systems, and gender quotas are statistically significant. This study, by focusing on sub-Saharan Africa, fills a gap in the extant literature, which has focused on women's legislative representation in advanced industrialized democracies.
"Kegel ball" induced vaginal cuff dehiscence following radical abdominal hysterectomy: laparoscopically-assisted transvaginal retrieval.

Fig. 1.Extraction of intra-abdominal "Kegel ball". The patient was a healthy 27 year-old female who underwent uncomplicated exploratory laparotomy with Piver/Rutledge class III radical abdominal hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for FIGO Stage IB1 squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Pathology revealed a 3 cm moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma invading 8/13 mm cervical thickness. There was no lympho-vascular space invasion and 24 pelvic lymph nodes were negative for metastasis. No adjuvant therapy was administered and the patient had an uncomplicated post-operative course. The patient had a normal pelvic examination with intact vaginal cuff at 3 months and 6 months following surgery. Surveillance pap smear revealed no evidence of dysplasia or carcinoma. One week following her 6-month surveillance examination, the patient re-presented with complaints of postcoital abdominal pain and only being able to retrieve one of two “kegel balls” placed intra-vaginally prior to coitus the prior evening. Pelvic exam revealed a 2 cm defect in the vaginal apex. A flat plate abdominal X-ray revealed a 2.5 cm ovoid foreign body in the lower abdomen, consistent with the missing “kegel ball”. The patient underwent laparoscopically-assisted transvaginal retrieval of a 2.5 cm acrylic sphere containing the image of a blue flower. The vaginal cuff was closed trans-vaginally using interrupted 2–0 delayed absorbable monofilament sutures. The post-operative course was uncomplicated. To the author's knowledge, this is the first report of a laparoscopically-assisted transvaginal retrieval of an intraabdominal “kegel ball’. Gynecologic surgeons should be aware of the ⁎ Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, 101 The City Drive, Building 56, Room 260, Orange, CA 92868, USA. Fax: +1 714 4546 7754. E-mail address: rbristow@uci.edu. 0090-8258/$ – see front matter © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.08.023 potential for vaginal cuff dehiscence when “kegel ball” use is associated with coitus following radical hysterectomy. Conflict of interest statement No conflict of interest. Appendix A. Supplementary data Supplementary data to this article can be found online at doi:10. 1016/j.ygyno.2011.08.023.
Percolation clusters in hyperbolic tessellations

It is known that, for site percolation on the Cayley graph of a co-compact Fuchsian group of genus $ \ge 2 $ , infinitely many infinite connected clusters exist almost surely for certain values of the parameter p = P{site is open}. In such cases, the set $ \Lambda $ of limit points at $ \infty $ of an infinite cluster is a perfect, nowhere dense set of Lebesgue measure 0. In this paper, a variational formula for the Hausdorff dimension $ \delta_H(\Lambda) $ is proved, and used to deduce that $ \delta_H(\Lambda) $ is a continuous, strictly increasing function of p that converges to 0 and 1 at the lower and upper boundaries, respectively, of the coexistence phase.
The Investigation of InGaN MQW Electroabsorption Modulator using the LED/Modulator/Detector Monolithically Integrated Structure

The strong piezoelectric effect and quantum confined stark effect (QCSE) in the InGaN/GaN quantum well structures allow one to modify the free exciton absorption by the extrinsic field. The QCSE is investigated using a monolithically integrated three-section device comprising an LED, electroabsorption modulator and a detector section. The experimental results show that the LED output can be modulated as indicated by the detector signal. The strength of modulation decreases monotonically with increasing In composition in the InGaN/GaN MQW. The result can be explained on the basis of the Stokes’ shift between the emission and absorption spectra in the InGaN/GaN QW structure, and a blue shift of the absorption spectrum due to the QCSE as a result of the piezoelectric effect.
Synthesis of Coupler-Drivers for Four Position Planar Synthesis Tasks

A coupler-driver for a planar mechanism is a revoluteprismatic-revolute (RPR) chain connected between ground and one of the links of the mechanism. The focus of this work is to investigate how the use of a coupler-driver as the source of actuation alters the set of solutions for a four position task by avoiding defects relative to the joints of the actuated mechanism. Type maps are a synthesis tool used to visualize the solutions for the four position task, which previous researchers have used to identify the mechanism class and the ability to actuate each solution through the task. This work extends the type map concept to represent the number of solutions to a four position task that are drivable via either a coupler-driver or an input torque at one of the fixed joints. The use of a coupler-driver as the actuator is found to allow many mechanisms that suffer from a branch defect relative to the joints of the kinematic solution mechanism to be valid solutions. For the example four position tasks tested, the coupler-driver was found to expand the number of four-bar mechanism solutions. As part of this analysis, a variation of the derivation of the space of fixed and moving pivot pairs that produce a coupler-driver capable of actuating a single degree of freedom planar mechanism is presented.
A symbol graph based handwritten math expression recognition

In online handwritten math expression recognition, one-pass dynamic programming can produce high-quality symbol graphs in addition to best symbol sequence hypotheses, especially after discriminative training and trigram graph rescoring. Impact of symbol graphs on whole expression recognition, however, has not been referred to yet, since the interface of structure analysis module does not work well with symbol graphs on the basis of typical tree search. In this paper, we propose a method to convert symbol graph to segment graph to make the tree search efficient and effective, i.e., search of best segmentations in symbol graph without pruning becomes possible. With trigram rescoring, the overall expression recognition accuracy has been improved by 10% relative in comparison with the baseline.
Feedback Control of the National Airspace System

DOI: 10.2514/1.51203 This paper proposes a general modeling framework adapted to the feedback control of traffic flows in Eulerian modelsof the NationalAirspace System. It is shown thatthe problems of scheduling androuting aircraft flowsin the NationalAirspaceSystemcanbeposedasthecontrolofanetworkofqueueswithload-dependentservicerates.Focus can then shift to developing techniques to ensure that the aircraft queues in each airspace sector, which are an indicator of the air traffic controller workloads, are kept small. This paper uses the proposed framework to develop control laws that help prepare the National Airspace System for fast recovery from a weather event, given a probabilistic forecast of capacities. In particular, the model includes the management of airport arrivals and departures subject to runway capacity constraints, which are highly sensitive to weather disruptions. I. Introduction T HE frequent occurrence of air traffic delays in the National Airspace System (NAS), along with the projected increase in demand, motivate the scheduling of flight operations to better use available system resources. The process of planning operations to balancetheavailablecapacityandthedemandforresourcesisknown asTrafficFlowManagement(TFM).Thistaskiscurrentlyconducted manually by air traffic controllers (ATC), and contributes significantlytotheirworkload.Tomeettheincreasingtrafficdemand,there is a desire to introduce a greater level of automation and decision support for air traffic management. Research on the TFM problem has traditionally focused on developing open-loop policies for scheduling aircraft operations. Because of the typical travel times of cross-country flights, openloop traffic flow management policies need to be determined 5– 6 hours ahead of the time of operations. Such policies prescribe the positionofeachaircraftinthesystemateachinstant,andareobtained by solving large-scale integer programs [1,2]. This approach is difficult to scale to the scheduling of approximately 40,000 flights a day, and typically does not address the many sources of uncertainty present in the system. Weather, in particular, is a major source of disruption that requires constant adjustment of the schedules. For instance, 66% of all NAS delays in 2009 were attributed toweather. ‡ Moreover, open-loop traffic flow management algorithms require precise weather forecasts several hours ahead of time, which are arguably beyond the limits of even state-of-the-art weather forecasting tools [3]. The disturbance attenuation properties of feedback control make closed-loop control policies for the NAS very attractive. Attempts have been made to introduce some feedback in the decision algorithmswhilestilltryingtooptimizeeachaircrafttrajectory[4,5]. More recently, researchers have started developing new models that are more tractable for the purpose of control, which only record aircraft counts in specific control volumes of airspace rather than follow individual aircraft. These aggregate flow models, called
Hologram Storage and Retrieval in Photochromic Strontium Titanate Crystals

Experimental results are here presented to show that hologram efficiencies of 1.2% can be obtained with photochromic SrTiO3 materials and that patterns of 104 bits/cm2 can be read out up to 107 times before destroying the stored information. It is also shown that the nonlinear absorption properties of the material can be used to store holograms at the ruby laser wavelength where the materials are nominally transparent in the ground state.
Effect of Endovascular Services and Hospital Volume on Cerebral Aneurysm Treatment Outcomes

Background and Purpose—Endovascular coil embolization and angioplasty for cerebral vasospasm are offered by some centers for the treatment of unruptured and ruptured cerebral aneurysms. Whether the availability of these therapies improves outcomes at these institutions has not been evaluated. Methods—We assessed institutional factors in the outcomes of patients treated for cerebral aneurysms in the academic medical centers of the University Health Systems Consortium. In-hospital deaths (primary outcome), length of stay, and hospital charges were evaluated in multivariable models adjusted for age, sex, race, admission source, and admission status. Results—There were 2623 unruptured and 9534 ruptured aneurysm cases treated at 70 centers in the University Health Systems Consortium hospital discharge database during 1994–1997. Patients treated at institutions that more frequently used coil embolization were less likely to die in the hospital (relative risks [RRs] for every 10% of endovascular-treated cases: r...
Lipidomics reveals a remarkable diversity of lipids in human plasma

The focus of the present study was to define the human plasma lipidome and to establish novel analytical methodologies to quantify the large spectrum of plasma lipids. Partial lipid analysis is now a regular part of every patient's blood test and physicians readily and regularly prescribe drugs that alter the levels of major plasma lipids such as cholesterol and triglycerides. Plasma contains many thousands of distinct lipid molecular species that fall into six main categories including fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols, and prenols. The physiological contributions of these diverse lipids and how their levels change in response to therapy remain largely unknown. As a first step toward answering these questions, we provide herein an in-depth lipidomics analysis of a pooled human plasma obtained from healthy individuals after overnight fasting and with a gender balance and an ethnic distribution that is representative of the US population. In total, we quantitatively assessed the levels of over 500 distinct molecular species distributed among the main lipid categories. As more information is obtained regarding the roles of individual lipids in health and disease, it seems likely that future blood tests will include an ever increasing number of these lipid molecules.
Questions about the experimental status of black-body radiation

Black-body radiation is important in the historical development of quantum theory. Today it plays a role in such diverse fields as cosmology and temperature measurement. In this paper our present experimental knowledge of the black-body spectrum is surveyed. It is concluded that new experimental measurements should be made since technological advances should permit substantial increase in the precision of the measurements over the existing results.
Breast Cancer Presenting as Unilateral Arm Edema

Symptomatic arm lymphedema as the presenting symptom of invasive breast carcinoma is a rare occurrence. We report a case of invasive breast cancer presenting with unilateral arm swelling. The patient was initially thought to have venous thrombosis. A thorough physical examination and a mammogram revealed the presence of breast cancer and associated subclinical axillary lymphadenopathy. Failure to recognize this presentation can lead to misdiagnosis or a significant delay in diagnosis and treatment.
Tumours of the Ovary

These include the following: 1. Mucinous cystadenoma: large, multilocular, unilateral cysts with mucinous contents, lined by a single layer of columnar cells. Papillary processes are rare and suggest malignancy. Malignant change is present in 5–10% of cases of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. A rare complication is pseudomyxoma peritonei in which the cells implant throughout the peritoneum and continue to secrete mucin. 2. Serous cystadenoma: the incidence is one quarter that of mucinous cystadenomas. They are smaller than mucinous lesions, bilateral in 50% of cases, often unilocular, and lined by cubical or columnar epithelium (sometimes ciliated). Papillary processes are common but are likely to be malignant only if they penetrate the capsule. The stroma may contain small calcium deposits (“psammoma bodies”). 3. Dermoid cysts: these are the commonest neoplastic cysts in young women but may be found at any time of life. They are usually less than 12 cm in diameter; 10% are bilateral. Cysts lying in the pouch of Douglas or anterior to the uterus are usually dermoids. The contents are thick and yellow. The main constituent is skin and associated structures (hair, sebaceous and sweat glands, and teeth) but a variety of other tissues may be found (alimentary and respiratory epithelium); functional thyroid tissue (struma ovarii); neural tissue (cartilage and bone); very rarely, there may be partial embryo formation (fetus in fetu). Solid teratomata may be benign but are more commonly malignant. Primary choriocarcinoma, melanoma and carcinoid can occur. Unlike gastrointestinal argentaffinomas, ovarian carcinoid may cause systemic effects prior to metastasis because the serotonin is not destroyed in the enterohepatic circulation. 4. Fibroma: these are rare, lobulated tumours, bilateral in 10% of cases. They often produce ascites and occasionally a right-sided pleural effusion (Meig’s syndrome). They may be difficult to distinguish macro-and microscopically from theca cell tumours.
Import and export of interventional technique: something to declare at the border.

Despite their prevalence in approximately one-third of diagnostic coronary angiograms ([1][1]), chronic total coronary occlusions (CTO) remain a dilemma for the practice of interventional cardiology. Against the background of a historically stagnate approximately 70% technical success rate for
Benign Giant-Cell Tumor of Bone with Metastasis to Mediastinal Lymph Nodes. A Case Report of Resection Facilitated with Use of steroids*

Benign giant-cell tumor of bone is an aggressive lesion that behaves in an unpredictable fashion. These benign tumors often recur locally and, although it is rare, may even metastasize. The frequency of metastases is approximately 2 to 3 per cent12,19. Most metastases are to the lung; metastases to other sites, including the regional lymph nodes, the scalp, and the pelvis, are extremely rare. This report describes a patient who was referred to our institution because of a local recurrence of benign giant-cell tumor that was later complicated by metastasis to the mediastinal lymph nodes. A fifty-nine-year-old man was first seen at another institution in March 1986. He reported that he had had pain in the right wrist for five months. Radiographic evaluation revealed a large, well delineated, lucent tumor of the distal part of the radius that was consistent with a diagnosis of benign giant-cell tumor. The patient was taken to the operating room, where excision of the tumor by curettage followed by iliac bone-grafting was performed. In December 1986, a local recurrence developed and the patient was referred to our institution. Wide en bloc resection of the right radius was performed, and an arthrodesis of the wrist was done with an intercalary fibular graft. In May 1992, the patient sustained a comminuted fracture of the fibular graft that caused malalignment of the wrist and was complicated by non-union. The fracture was treated with open reduction and internal fixation as well as bone-grafting. Histopathological evaluation of multiple biopsy specimens revealed no evidence of local recurrence of the tumor. At that time, a radiograph of the chest demonstrated a large mediastinal mass. A computed tomography scan of the chest (Fig. 1-A) revealed a mass that measured 8.5 by …
Intracellular pH measurement using single excitation-dual emission fluorescence ratios.

In the present paper, laser spectroscopy was used to evaluate the utility of a new fluorochrome, carboxyseminaphthorhodafluor-1 (Snarf-1), for single excitation-dual emission ratio measurement of i...
Parametric modeling for simulation based hypersonic vehicle design

The conceptual design stage offers the most opportunity for innovation and the capability to reveal costly design errors early. Integrating high fidelity design and simulation tools into the conceptual design stage enables engineers to develop design variations quickly and affordably. This work focuses primarily on the development and utilization of parametric modeling methods as they apply to a simulation based design process. It will also address the impacts to conceptual design development time. A blended wing-body (BWB) hypersonic wave rider demonstrates how state-of-the-art solid modeling techniques can be coupled to high fidelity CFD analysis codes to perform top down design. Performance trends are identified for several trade study variations which represent a single iteration through the simulation based design process. Performance metrics are based on interpretations from higher level customer, regulatory, business, and other requirements. The process of cascading these requirements down to the component level is the definition of top-downdesign. This bidirectional tracing of requirements allows vehicle development to progress in a manner such that any change of the vehicle can be assessed in terms of the overarching requirements.
The Constitution and Executive Competence in the Post-Cold War World

In addition to traditional arguments for expansive executive power based on the Constitution's text and history, legal scholars from John Yoo to Bruce Ackerman have based their case for broader wartime executive power on a set of fact-intensive policy arguments about the nature of the security threats today's world presents. According to this view, terrorism and associated threats in the post-Cold War world are qualitatively different from past security threats against the United States; in this changed world, a more flexible kind of executive power is required, one that requires a readjustment of the standard scheme of multi-branch deliberation. This Article contends that neither the nature of structural constitutional interpretation, nor the security policy premises on which these claims are based, support the case for the kind of expanded executive power their proponents have in mind. The Article first considers interpretive issues arising with heavy functionalist approaches to the structural provisions of the Constitution. It then notes several problems with the historical argument that the post-Cold War world presents security threats categorically different from those the nation has ever before confronted. Centrally, the Article suggest that even if one agreed that the security threats facing the United States are qualitatively different from any the United States has previously faced, one would as likely be led to the opposite conclusion regarding the virtues of unfettered executive power as a functionally effective means to meet them.
A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial of a Behavioral Exercise Intervention for Smoking Cessation

Introduction Previous exercise intervention studies for smoking cessation have been challenged by a number of methodological limitations that confound the potential efficacy of aerobic exercise for smoking cessation. Methods The preliminary efficacy of a behavioral exercise intervention that incorporated features designed to address prior limitations was tested in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Sixty-one smokers (65.6% female, mean age = 47.3 years, smoked a mean of 19.7 cigarettes/day) were randomized to receive either a 12-week exercise intervention or a 12-week health education contact control. Participants in both conditions received an 8-week telephone-delivered, standard smoking cessation protocol (with the transdermal nicotine patch). Follow-ups were conducted at the end of treatment (EOT), 6- and 12-month timepoints. Results There were no differences between conditions with respect to the number of weekly exercise or health education sessions attended (9.3±2.8 vs. 9.3±3.0, respectively). While not statistically significant, participants in the exercise condition demonstrated higher verified abstinence rates (EOT: 40% vs. 22.6%, odds ratio [OR] = 2.28; 6- and 12-month follow-ups: 26.7% vs. 12.9%, OR = 2.46). Irrespective of treatment condition, higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous exercise were associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms during the intervention. Conclusions The results of this small RCT point toward the benefit of a behavioral exercise intervention designed to address previous methodological limitations for smoking cessation. Given the potential public health impact of the demonstrated efficacy of exercise for smoking cessation, the continued development and optimization of exercise interventions for smokers through larger RCTs merits pursuit.
Feeding and Survival at Constant Temperatures by Normally and Abnormally Faunated Reticulitermes virginicus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Termites of the genus Reticulitermes possess unique intestinal faunules (Kirby 1937, Honigberg 1970). For example, all known species of 2 protozoan genera, Pyrsonympha and Dinenympha , are restricted to Reticulitermes , and each species of Reticulitermes harbors only selected species of these Protozoa. In addition, the protozoan, Trichonympha agilis Leidy, has been found in all species of Reticulitermes studied and is limited to Reticulitermes . Although no published accounts of the intestinal fauna of R. virginicus (Banks) are known, our observations indicate that its fauna is very similar to that of other Reticulitermes species.
Influence of chemical seed and soil treatments onVerticillium-induced yield reduction and tuber defects

Experiments were conducted in 1969 and 1970 to determine the influence of chemical treatments of seed pieces and soil on the development ofVerticillium wilt as measured by tuber yield increases and reduction in severity of tuber defects. The influence of storage onVerticillium-induced tuber defects was evaluated. Seed treatment chemicals tested included zinc ion maneb, maneb, maneb-chloroneb, Polyram, benomyl, and thiabendazole. Soil treatment chemicals included O-Diethyl (O-methyl-sulfinyl) phenyl phosphoro-thioate, disulfoton, phorate, carbofuran, aldicarb, ethyl 4 (methyl- thio)-m-tolyl isopropyl phosphor amidate, benomyl, and thiabendazole. Inoculated seed pieces and artificially infested plot areas were used the first year while the second year natural inoculum from a previous crop was the source of infection. Kennebec and Katahdin cultivars were tested in 1969 and Kennebec alone in 1970. Verticillium-induced yield reductions and tuber defects were more severe in all respects with Kennebec than with Katahdin. With Katahdin the only significant evidence of infection was stem end discoloration. Seed treatments, with the exception of benomyl or thiabendazole, which were erratically phytotoxic, resulted in consistent yield increases and reduction in pink eye severity. In 1969 seed treatment reduced stem end browning in Kennebec. Soil treatment with disulfoton, carbofuran, and aldicarb, both alone and in combination with seed treatments resulted in consistent yield increases with Kennebec. The seed piece and soil treatment combinations tested in 1970 appeared to have an additive effect on yield increase from combination treatments equivalent to the gain from soil treatment alone plus seed treatment alone. The nematicide soil treatment materials did not influence yield. Tuber stem-end browning and pink eye defects in Kennebec did not increase in severity over a five month storage period.
Total salivary calcium and amylase output of rat parotid with electrical stimulation of autonomic innervation.

SummaryCalcium levels of rat parotid saliva evoked by stimulation of the auriculotemporal nerve are high (11 mEq/1) and in fact, higher than those evoked by stimulation of the sympathetic innervation. Total calcium output in the cholinergically-evoked saliva is also very high but the depletion of gland levels is insignificant 20 or even 60 min after the initiation of stimulation. With sympathetic stimulation, there is a closer correlation between gland depletion and total output of calcium in the saliva. These findings suggest that the uptake mechanism for calcium with cholinergic stimulation is more rapid than that found with adrenergic stimulation. The high levels of calcium in the cholinergically evoked saliva are also not due to acetylcho-line-induced release of catecholamines since calcium levels of cholinergically-evoked saliva are the same whether or not adrenergic blocking agents are present. The total output of amylase in the saliva when sympathetic stimulation is employed is about five times gre...
RSA with Glenoid Bone Loss

The use of reverse shoulder arthroplasty has steadily expanded to treat increasingly complex shoulder pathology present in severe osteoarthritis, cuff tear arthropathy, and revision shoulder arthroplasty. Glenoid bone loss has long been a challenge faced in both primary and revision shoulder arthroplasty. There is a significant volume of literature regarding treatment strategies utilizing unconstrained total shoulder arthroplasty in the setting of deficient glenoid bone stock. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty has emerged as a solution to this difficult problem. Standard implantation techniques for reverse shoulder arthroplasty are often inadequate to properly address substantial levels of glenoid bone loss and deformity. The broad spectrum of pathology treated by reverse shoulder arthroplasty has a relatively high incidence of glenoid bone deficiency. Altered surgical technique employing the principles of bone grafting and the use of an alternative spine centerline provides a secure, reliable, and reproducible method for glenoid baseplate implantation even in cases with significantly abnormal glenoid morphology. Additionally, these techniques produce functional results nearly equivalent to those achieved in patients with a morphologically normal glenoid.
Development of a Nanosecond Pulsed Power Generator for Exciting Non-thermal Plasma

We developed a high voltage repetitive nanosecond pulsed power generator based on transmission line transformer(TLT) for non-thermal plasma generation.The properly designed magnetic cores placed around the coaxial cables of the TLT were chosen to obtain high secondary mode impedance to increase output voltage and energy transmission efficiency.A compact structure was designed for the high voltage capacitor,the spark gap switch and TLT.Experimental results show that voltage pulses of 26 kV with pulse duration of about 100 ns,pulse repetition rate of 500 Hz are achieved when the TLT is connected with matched load.The generator has been applied successfully in the plasma jet experiment.It is also found that,compared to the sinusoidal voltage,the length of plasma jet excited by pulse voltage is longer while applying the same peak voltage value,but saturation phenomena of the length of plasma jet appear while excited by two different power generators and the length of jet are hardly affected by the power frequency.
Comparative study of suprasegmental features between English and Chinese

The comparative study of suprasegmental features between English and Chinese mainly focus on three parts: stress, tone and intonation. These differences originate from the different prosodical systems, different types of words and different rhythmical features.
Accurate Assessment of the Intake of Dietary Components by Human Subjects

Planning human dietary studies pose special problems especially when representative diets are to be defined for mixed population groups. The challenge here involves development of strategies so that the investigation is scientifically comprehensive and meaningful, but does not assume unmanageable proportions in terms of complex collection procedures, too large a sample size, and the accumulation of enormous amounts of analytical data, presenting difficulties in handling and interpreting the analytical findings.