cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A computational model for online agent negotiation

Agent-based online negotiation technology has the potential to radically change the way e-business is conducted. We present a formal model for autonomous agents to negotiate on the Internet. In our model, the negotiation process is driven by the internal beliefs of participating agents. We empirically identify the relative strength of a group of belief updating methods and show how an agent can change its behavior by adjusting some critical parameters. The advantage of our model is that it is flexible and easy to implement. To show different "personalities", one only needs to plug in suitable "subjective beliefs" to one's agents. Our results provide directive reference on how these beliefs should be chosen and what values of the related parameters should be assigned.
Actin cytoskeletal dynamics in smooth muscle: a new paradigm for the regulation of smooth muscle contraction

A growing body of data supports a view of the actin cytoskeleton of smooth muscle cells as a dynamic structure that plays an integral role in regulating the development of mechanical tension and the material properties of smooth muscle tissues. The increase in the proportion of filamentous actin that occurs in response to the stimulation of smooth muscle cells and the essential role of stimulus-induced actin polymerization and cytoskeletal dynamics in the generation of mechanical tension has been convincingly documented in many smooth muscle tissues and cells using a wide variety of experimental approaches. Most of the evidence suggests that the functional role of actin polymerization during contraction is distinct and separately regulated from the actomyosin cross-bridge cycling process. The molecular basis for the regulation of actin polymerization and its physiological roles may vary in diverse types of smooth muscle cells and tissues. However, current evidence supports a model for smooth muscle contraction in which contractile stimulation initiates the assembly of cytoskeletal/extracellular matrix adhesion complex proteins at the membrane, and proteins within this complex orchestrate the polymerization and organization of a submembranous network of actin filaments. This cytoskeletal network may serve to strengthen the membrane for the transmission of force generated by the contractile apparatus to the extracellular matrix, and to enable the adaptation of smooth muscle cells to mechanical stresses. Better understanding of the physiological function of these dynamic cytoskeletal processes in smooth muscle may provide important insights into the physiological regulation of smooth muscle tissues.
The clinical evaluation of lymphadenopathy

Abstract The evaluation of lymphadenopathy is a diagnostic challenge for the primary care physician because of the expansive differential diagnosis, including both benign and malignant conditions. In most cases, the history and physical examination provide enough information to identify a specific etiology. When the diagnosis is uncertain, selective laboratory tests are warranted. The most important imaging test is the chest radiograph; the clinician’s abilities to appreciate subtle radiographic changes and communicate with the radiologist are invaluable. Finally, knowing when and how to perform a lymph node biopsy is crucial. The obstetrician/gynecologist, in providing continuity of care, is in an ideal position to investigate, diagnose, and treat lymphadenopathy.
'TellMe': therapeutic clothing for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in daily life

Special education and treatment methods in the early ages are the keys to relieving Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) symptoms. These smart clothing items 'TellMe' are designed to treat ASD symptoms in boys by encouraging them to speak out and express themselves while playing with and enjoying the clothing. Therapeutic functions, including different types of sensors (a flexible film-like pressure sensor, a light sensor, and a motion sensor) and actuators (LEDs, a DC motor, and a vibration motor), are incorporated to the clothing. By playing with the interactive robot characters on the clothing, such as speaking into the microphone or activating the sensors and other actuators, a child wearing the garment can naturally learn and practice how to express his feelings, emotions, and opinions.
The Effects of Race, Weight, and Gender on Evaluations of Writing Competence

This study examined the potential interactive effects of target race, weight, and gender on American Caucasian students' ratings of writing competency. Stimulus materials were eight articles in a newspaper byline format with photographs of the authors that conveyed the characteristics of race (African American/Caucasian), weight (overweight/nonoverweight), and gender (male/female). The participants were given eight articles and were asked to rate the writing competency of the author on the four qualities of style, clarity, logic, and overall writing ability/competency. The results showed that the women gave higher style, logic, and overall writing ability/competency ratings than did the men, and overweight authors received higher ratings of logic than nonoverweight authors. The men gave female Caucasian authors lower ratings of clarity than did female participants.
Biosynthesis of Morphine Alkaloids in Papaver bracteatum Lindl.

Administration of 1-3H-N-methyl-14C-(+/-)-reticuline to Papaver bracteatum gave good incorporation of carbon-14 into thebaine and a decrease in the tritium to carbon-14 ratio indicative of racemization. The incorporation of carbon-14 and the extent of tritium loss were the same whether reticuline was administered to the intact plant or to isolated leaves. Carrier dilution with cold codeine, codeinone, and morphine showed only insignificant incorporation of radioactivity into codeine and none at all into codeinone and morphine. When codeinone was administered to the living plant, it was converted to codeine rapidly and efficiently, but no O-demethylation to morphine could be detected. The experimental data indicate that the biosynthesis of thebaine in P. bracteatum proceeds by the same pathway as in the opium poppy. The limiting step in the sequence is the demethylation of the enol ether group of thebaine to neopinone.
Deterministic and stochastic population-level simulations of an artificial lac operon genetic network

The lac operon genetic switch is considered as a paradigm of genetic regulation. This system has a positive feedback loop due to the LacY permease boosting its own production by the facilitated transport of inducer into the cell and the subsequent de-repression of the lac operon genes. Previously, we have investigated the effect of stochasticity in an artificial lac operon network at the single cell level by comparing corresponding deterministic and stochastic kinetic models. This work focuses on the dynamics of cell populations by incorporating the above kinetic scheme into two Monte Carlo (MC) simulation frameworks. The first MC framework assumes stochastic reaction occurrence, accounts for stochastic DNA duplication, division and partitioning and tracks all daughter cells to obtain the statistics of the entire cell population. In order to better understand how stochastic effects shape cell population distributions, we develop a second framework that assumes deterministic reaction dynamics. By comparing the predictions of the two frameworks, we conclude that stochasticity can create or destroy bimodality, and may enhance phenotypic heterogeneity. Our results show how various sources of stochasticity act in synergy with the positive feedback architecture, thereby shaping the behavior at the cell population level. Further, the insights obtained from the present study allow us to construct simpler and less computationally intensive models that can closely approximate the dynamics of heterogeneous cell populations.
RVD2: an ultra-sensitive variant detection model for low-depth heterogeneous next-generation sequencing data

Motivation: Next-generation sequencing technology is increasingly being used for clinical diagnostic tests. Clinical samples are often genomically heterogeneous due to low sample purity or the presence of genetic subpopulations. Therefore, a variant calling algorithm for calling low-frequency polymorphisms in heterogeneous samples is needed. Results: We present a novel variant calling algorithm that uses a hierarchical Bayesian model to estimate allele frequency and call variants in heterogeneous samples. We show that our algorithm improves upon current classifiers and has higher sensitivity and specificity over a wide range of median read depth and minor allele fraction. We apply our model and identify 15 mutated loci in the PAXP1 gene in a matched clinical breast ductal carcinoma tumor sample; two of which are likely loss-of-heterozygosity events. Availability and implementation: http://genomics.wpi.edu/rvd2/. Contact: ude.ipw@ytrehalfjp Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Started as Crew (B): Darlene Calhoun and Mcdonald's

McDonald’s Corporation, the behemoth of the fast food industry, has taken its share of criticism--even ridicule--over the years. The image of the company suffered as the public began to perceive its jobs as dead-end, unskilled, and unstimulating. The term "McJob," coined by an author in 1991, was slang for a low-paying job that required little skill and provided little opportunity for advancement. But in many ways, McDonald’s Corporation defied norms, using a combination of promotion-from-within strategy and benchmark employee training programs to develop an abundant pool of human capital. The company was deeply committed to its employees who "started as crew" coming up through the ranks, receiving the necessary training at its own Hamburger University. This case tells the story of Darlene Calhoun, who started working at a McDonald’s as a cashier in 1977 and, 20 years later, was supervising five McDonald’s stores in the Chicago area.
“It’s Like Backing up Science with Scripture”: Lessons Learned from the Implementation of HeartSmarts, a Faith-Based Cardiovascular Disease Health Education Program

African-Americans are disproportionately impacted by cardiovascular disease (CVD). Faith-based institutions provide a non-traditional route for health education targeted at African-Americans. This paper describes HeartSmarts, a faith-based CVD education program. Evidence-based literature was used to develop a curriculum, which was tailored by integrating biblical scripture representing aspects of health behaviors. Eighteen church peer-educators were recruited to participate in a 12-week training. They then disseminated the faith-based curriculum to members of their congregations. There were 199 participants of which 137 provided feedback via open-ended surveys indicating that HeartSmarts was well accepted and effective for disseminating CVD health messages while engaging spirituality.
Evidence for a Complex Relationship Among Weight Retention, Cortisol and Breastfeeding in Postpartum Women.

Objective To assess the relationship between cortisol slope, a biologic marker of stress, and postpartum weight retention. Methods We included 696 women in a secondary analysis from a multi-site study conducted using principles of community-based participatory research to study multi-level sources of stress on pregnancy outcomes. As a stress marker, we included salivary cortisol slope; the rate of cortisol decline across the day. Pre-pregnancy weight and demographic data were obtained from the medical records. At 6 months postpartum, patients were weighed and returned saliva samples. We built stepwise regression models to assess the effect of demographic variables, cortisol slope and cortisol covariates (wake time, tobacco use and breastfeeding) on postpartum weight retention. Results 45.5 % of participants were African American, 29.2 % White, and 25.3 % Hispanic. Of the Hispanic women 62.5 % were Spanish speaking and 37.5 % were English speaking. In general, participants were young, multiparous, and overweight. Postpartum, almost half (47.6 %) of women studied retained >10 lbs. In multivariable analysis including age, pre-pregnancy BMI and public insurance, cortisol slope was significantly associated with weight retention (β = -1.90, 95 % CI = 0.22-3.58). However, when the model was adjusted for the cortisol covariates, breastfeeding (β = -0.63, 95 % CI = -1.01 to -0.24) and public insurance (β = 0.62, 95 % CI = 0.20-1.04) were the two strongest correlates of weight retention. Conclusions for Practice The association between cortisol slope and postpartum weight retention appears to be influenced breastfeeding status.
Luxury Consumption in Brics: Rationale Behind ‘Irrational’ Consumption Patterns

Countries with transitional economies represent a large and growing share of the world population, production and wealth. Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC) alone have a combined GDP of approximately twelve trillion dollars (O’Neill, 2011). With the recent addition of South Africa, the expanded block, BRICS, represents the largest growing market in the world.
Design Guidelines for Graduate Program Social Media Use.

Social media provides a promising platform for members of informal and formal educational communities to build community, collaborate, and support institutional goals such as student recruitment. Despite burgeoning research on the educational uses of social media, we are not aware of any to guide graduate program social media use. In order to contribute a framework for the use of social media platforms associated with graduate programs and to provide direction, guidance, and cohesion to a social media initiative began with our graduate program, we conducted a design-based research project. We describe the design guidelines that comprise the framework—establish why, establish how, be authentic, respect privacy, coordinate channels, and engage volunteers—and provide examples of each from our practice and references to prior research. We conclude with potential benefits and promising directions for future research and practice on graduate program social media use.
Fiber Adsorbents for Odorant Removal from Pipeline Grade Natural Gas

Sulfur odorant removal from pipeline natural gas can prevent or delay corrosion in gas turbines to increase their lifetime and efficiency. Removal of the odorant tert-butyl mercaptan (TBM) by selective adsorption with fiber sorbent modules and removal with pellet packed beds are compared in terms of capital and operating costs. Capital costs are estimated based on sizing the equipment items needed for each system, which varies depending on the regeneration gas used. Operating costs are estimated based on the utilities needed to run each system, again varying depending on the regeneration gas used, and also on whether heat integration is considered. Using a fraction of the product gas for regeneration is safer, simpler, and more economical than compressed air or nitrogen. Due to the need for more adsorber beds to process the same amount of TBM-containing pipeline natural gas, the capital cost associated with the pellet packed bed system is significantly higher than that of the fiber sorbent system. Heat in...
Energy and protein supplementation of ammoniated wheat straw diets for growing steers.

Eighty-eight yearling beef steers (308 +/- 1.4 kg) were used in two separate trials to determine the protein-sparing value of the N added to wheat straw during the ammoniation process and to determine the effects of supplementing ammoniated straw diets with energy and ruminal escape protein. In Exp. 1, steers were fed untreated straw (US) with either 0, 150, or 500 g of soybean meal (SBM) for 88 d. The addition of SBM to US diets increased (P less than .01) straw intake and average daily gains (ADG), indicating that N was limiting. When ammoniated straw (AS) was substituted for US, the N in the AS was used as efficiently as 500 g of SBM for growth. In Exp. 2, steers had ad libitum access to AS with three levels of supplemental corn (0, 1.23, or 2.45 kg DM.animal-1.d-1) either with or without .41 kg DM of corn gluten meal (CGM) added. Straw intake decreased (P less than .01) as the amount of corn in the diet was increased, but ADG increased (P less than .01) with the addition of corn. Straw consumption was not altered by the addition of CGM, but ADG was increased (P less than .01) by an average .35 kg by CGM. Rumen and blood N components indicated that the N from AS was contributing to the ruminal N pool and that CGM was compensating for microbial protein deficiencies postruminally.
Bacterial translocation: nursing implications in the care of patients with neutropenia.

Purpose/objectives To describe bacterial translocation; the potential causes and influencing factors of bacterial translocation; the anatomy, physiology, and immunology of the small intestine; and the significance of bacterial translocation in patients with cancer. Data sources Published articles and books, as well as clinical experience. Data synthesis 50% of infections in patients with cancer who are neutropenic result from endogenous sources such as the normal microbial flora of the bowel. This process called bacterial translocation may be responsible for symptoms such as fever of unknown origin in these patients. Conclusion Maintaining normal bacterial ecology and mucosal integrity of the bowel can reduce the risk of bacterial translocation. Implications for nursing practice Care is directed at preventing constipation and maintaining integrity of the normal bowel and microbial flora by providing a low-microbial diet that contains adequate fluid and fiber and by encouraging good oral care.
Dose-related effects of epinephrine on glucose production in conscious dogs

The effects of increases in plasma epinephrine from 78 +/- 32 to 447 +/- 75, 1,812 +/- 97, or 2,495 +/- 427 pg/ml on glucose production, including gluconeogenesis, were determined in the conscious,...
Severe otitis and mastoiditis due to Rhodococcus equi in a patient with AIDS

We report a case of otitis media associated with pneumonia due to Rhodococcus equi. A 31-year-old patient with AIDS presented with cough and right facial palsy. Imaging revealed right otitis media and severe temporal bone destruction, associated with pneumonia. R. equi was isolated from ear secretions, blood, and sputum. The radiologic findings are described. This unusual pathogen should be included in the differential diagnosis of the immunocompromised patient with aggressive otitis.
The Distal Splenorenal Shunt

The distal splenorenal shunt effectively controls variceal bleeding and maintains portal flow to the liver. Hepatic function can be maintained and encephalopathy reduced compared to use of total shunts. Survival is improved in nonalcoholic patients, but it is not different from the outcome after total shunts in alcoholic patients.
Medication Access through the Internet: Legal and Safety Considerations for Pharmacists:

Today, it is common for patients to order prescription drugs via their home computer through an Internet pharmacy. Because of this, pharmacists may be faced with having to evaluate a patient's drug regimen that may include foreign-made imported drugs obtained through the Internet. This article addresses major issues involving drug importation via this mechanism. Topics discussed include types of Internet pharmacies, patient access to prescription drugs, self-medication, legal issues, and potential health risks. The current level of activity of Internet drug sales has reached record volume and does not appear to be subsiding; pharmacists should be aware of these emerging influences on their practice.
Brachioradial Pruritus as a Harbinger of Syrinx in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Report

Abstract This case describes a 56-year-old man with known thoracic spinal cord injury undergoing evaluation for a pruritic rash on the dorsolateral aspect of his forearms with no upper extremity neuromuscular symptoms. Common diagnoses were considered and treated with little success. The diagnosis of brachioradial pruritus (BRP) was made, and evaluation for possible causes revealed a large cervicothoracic syrinx. To our knowledge, BRP has not been described previously as the presenting sign of post-traumatic syringomelia. This patient's clinical course is delineated, as well as a brief review of BRP and its relationship to other cervical spine pathologies. Level of Evidence V
RSS based localization in Rayleigh fading environment

In this paper, we investigate the quality of sensor localization that can be achieved by analyzing the strengths of signals transmitted by the sensors and measured at anchors placed at the corners of a rectangular area within which the sensors are deployed. The propagation environment is slow Rayleigh fading for which the parameters are unknown. Three localizations approaches are investigated-direct computation, least squares, log-likelihood-all taking advantage of the multipath resolution capability of the receiver. The numerical results demonstrate that localization accuracy improves as the number of resolved multipath components increases. The results also show that the log-likelihood approach provides the best localization accuracy by a very small margin over the least squares approach, but that the least squares approach has significantly smaller run times. The direct computation approach produces less accurate localization than the other two approaches, but produces accurate trends in behavior at very low computational costs.
An Approach to Using Log Data to Understand and Support 21st Century Learning Activity in K-12 Blended Learning Environments

Online environments can cultivate what have been referred to as 21 st century skills and capabilities, as youth contribute, pursue, share, and interact around work and ideas. Such environments also hold great potential for addressing digital divides related to the development of such skills by connecting youth in areas with fewer resources and opportunities to social and material supports for learning. However, even as there is an increasing attention to the importance of 21 st century skills for productive participation in education and the workforce and as online environments for K-12 learning are escalating in both their design and their adoption into formal and informal education spaces, there is still relatively little known about how to effectively measure these sorts of competencies and how to interpret learning activity in K12 online systems. In this paper, we offer a generalizable approach for looking at learning activities related to twenty-first century skills within an online environment, specifically focusing on evidence of creative production, self-directed learning, and social learning. Our framework of analysis was developed with empirical data from mixed ethnographic and learning analytics methodologies. We share our methods for operationalizing log data to look at youth activity in these three areas at a system level using automated log data, then provide results from a unique classroom context alongside self-report survey data, and finally explore the individual level through teacher and learner case studies from the cohort that identify these learners and their use of the system in more personal and contextual focus. We close with a discussion of limitations to this approach, but also why this exploratory work is necessary in order to build better systems that can support opportunities for the development of twenty-first century skills for all young people, and to provide educators, designers, and district decision-makers language to discuss and select networked systems that best match their learning goals and individual learner communities.
An Examination of Factors That Influence Students’ IT Career Decisions

ABSTRACTA key challenge resulting from the rapid growth of the information technology (IT) industry is finding enough qualified workers to fill available positions. In this paper, Holland’s Theory of Occupational Themes, Social Cognitive Career Theory, and Career Construction Theory are used to investigate how job-related beliefs, career planning perceptions, and occupational congruence work together to influence students’ career decisions, major satisfaction, and academic performance. Using 210 student responses, we empirically test a theoretically derived research model. Our findings suggest that job security is a strong predictor of both IT career optimism and career planning ability. In addition, career optimism and career planning ability are important antecedents of students’ IT career commitment, which significantly influences satisfaction with academic major. A modest portion of academic performance was explained by the model. Most notably, occupational congruence was found to be a poor predictor ...
Deprotonated guanine·cytosine and 9-methylguanine·cytosine base pairs and their "non-statistical" kinetics: a combined guided-ion beam and computational study.

We report a guided-ion beam mass spectrometric study on collision-induced dissociation (CID) of deprotonated guanine(G)·cytosine(C) base pairs and their 9-methylguanine (9MG) analogue with Xe, including measurements of product cross sections as a function of collision energy and determination of dissociation thresholds. DFT, RI-MP2 and DLPNO-CCSD(T) calculations and Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM) modeling were performed to elucidate structures and kinetics. The experiment and theoretical study have provided considerable insight into tautomerization, intra-base-pair proton transfer and dissociation of deprotonated G·C and 9MG·C. In contrast to the previously reported lowest-energy deprotonated base pair structure G·[C–H1]− that consists of H-bonded neutral guanine and N1-deprotonated cytosine, we found that proton transfer from guanine N1 to cytosine N3 within G·[C–H1]− (or 9MG·[C–H1]−) leads to another slightly more stable conformer denoted as G·[C–H1]−_PT1 (or 9MG·[C–H1]−_PT1). The conventional (non-proton-transferred) and the proton-transferred conformers are close in energy and interconvert quickly, but they can be distinguished by dissociation products. The conventional structure dissociates into deprotonated cytosine and neutral guanine, while the other dissociates into deprotonated guanine and neutral cytosine. The two dissociation asymptotes have similar threshold energies, but surprisingly the CID product mass spectra of deprotonated G·C and 9MG·C are both overwhelmingly dominated by deprotonated G or 9MG, with their branching ratios greater than RRKM predictions by one to two orders of magnitude. The proton-transferred structures of deprotonated base pairs and the “unexpected” non-statistical kinetics provide new leads for understanding purine–pyrimidine interactions, forming rare nucleobase tautomers, and base pair opening.
The Work Calls for Men: The Social Construction of Professionalism and Professional Education for Librarianship

The leaders of the library profession in the United States in the 19th century were white, middle-class, college-educated men. They attempted to construct librarianship in the United States as an equivalent profession to the other white, masculine professions of their day. They also created education for librarianship in the same mold. They subscribed to, and employed, the traditional white Western masculine definition of profession as one of expertise derived from education based on science. They also employed the control of knowledge and its application as exemplified by the type of professional education they promoted. Their efforts were not restricted to education but also included active discrimination against female librarians in the Library War Service during the First World War. This paper presents a new perspective on the meaning of “profession” which recognizes it as situated at the intersection of gender, race, and nationality and explores the implications for modern education for librarianship.
Gene expression network analyses in response to air pollution exposures in the trucking industry

Exposure to air pollution, including traffic-related pollutants, has been associated with a variety of adverse health outcomes, including increased cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality, and increased lung cancer risk. To better understand the cellular responses induced by air pollution exposures, we performed genome-wide gene expression microarray analysis using whole blood RNA sampled at three time-points across the work weeks of 63 non-smoking employees at 10 trucking terminals in the northeastern US. We defined genes and gene networks that were differentially activated in response to PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 microns in diameter) and elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC). Multiple transcripts were strongly associated (padj < 0.001) with pollutant levels (48, 260, and 49 transcripts for EC, OC, and PM2.5, respectively), including 63 that were statistically significantly correlated with at least two out of the three exposures. These genes included many that have been implicated in ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and other pollution-related illnesses. Through the combination of Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and network analysis (using GeneMANIA), we identified a core set of 25 interrelated genes that were common to all three exposure measures and were differentially expressed in two previous studies assessing gene expression attributable to air pollution. Many of these are members of fundamental cancer-related pathways, including those related to DNA and metal binding, and regulation of apoptosis and also but include genes implicated in chronic heart and lung diseases. These data provide a molecular link between the associations of air pollution exposures with health effects.
The Simplest Eyes: Rhodopsin-mediated Phototaxis Reception in Microorganisms

Publisher Summary The conservation of residues in microbial rhodopsins, especially in the retinal-binding pocket, defines a large phylogenetic class called type 1 rhodopsins to distinguish them from the visual pigments and related retinylidene proteins in higher organisms (type 2 rhodopsins). The sequence of the newly found type 1 rhodopsins, their heterologous expression and study, and, in some cases, the study of the photosensory physiology of the organisms containing them have shown that the newfound pigments fulfill both ion transport and sensory functions, the latter with a variety of signal-transduction mechanisms. Microbial rhodopsins functioning as light-driven proton pumps are widespread in prokaryotic and eukaryotic species. Phylogenetic analysis strongly suggests that microbial rhodopsin photosensors evolved from the proton pumps and that this evolutionary event occurred multiple times in different lineages independently. The reasoning is that the pumps, which have a single protein function without a need for interaction with other proteins, readily undergo lateral gene transfer, followed by duplication and modification to develop a functional interaction with signal-transduction machinery of the new host. Such parallel evolution of sensory rhodopsins fits the experimental observation that their signaling mechanisms are strikingly different in different branches of the phylogenetic tree.
Panic disorder in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries: A pilot study

Although persons with angiographically normal arteries have low cardiac morbidity and mortality, continuing chest pain with resulting social and vocational morbidity may occur. Using the hypothesis that the chest pain was related to panic attacks, the authors studied 33 cardiac catheterization patients through a structured interview based on DSM-III and through self-reports of anxiety and depression. One third of this group proved to fit the criteria for panic disorder. These findings suggest that patients with chest pain who are being evaluated by cardiologists and primary care physicians should also be considered for panic disorder.
Deregulating the Second Republic

"The milestones into headstones change," penned James Russell Lowell(note 1) in the years immediately following Wabash Railway Co. v. Illinois(note 2) and the passage of the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887.(note 3) Indeed, as the nation marks the diamond jubilee of the Communications Act of 1934, interested fiduciaries have collated their wit, wise musings, and substantive concerns into one compact issue of this Journal. Successors will probably categorize our scratchings as "milestones," "headstones," or-at a minimum-a slim volume noting the general consternation of the bar, bench, and academy sixty years into a statutory regime.
Differences in Dihydrotetrabenazine Isomer Concentrations Following Administration of Tetrabenazine and Valbenazine.

Tetrabenazine (TBZ) activity is thought to result from four isomeric dihydrotetrabenazine (HTBZ) metabolites ([+]-α-HTBZ, [−]-α-HTBZ, [+]-β-HTBZ, [−]-β-HTBZ). Each isomer has a unique profile of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibition and off-target binding. Previously published data only report total isomer (α) and (β) concentrations. We developed a method to quantify the individual HTBZ isomers in samples from patients with Huntington’s disease receiving TBZ. For comparison, concentrations of [+]-α-HTBZ, the single active metabolite shared by valbenazine (VBZ) and TBZ, were determined in samples from patients with tardive dyskinesia receiving VBZ. A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for quantitation of the four individual HTBZ isomers. Concentrations were determined in serum from patients with Huntington’s disease administered TBZ and plasma from patients with tardive dyskinesia administered VBZ once daily. In patients administered TBZ, [−]-α-HTBZ and [+]-β-HTBZ were the most abundant HTBZ isomers while [−]-β-HTBZ and [+]-α-HTBZ were present as minor metabolites. Only [+]-α-HTBZ was observed in patients administered VBZ. Based on relative abundance and potency, [+]-β-HTBZ appears to be the primary contributor to VMAT2 inhibition by TBZ, a finding in contrast with the generally held assertion that [+]-α-HTBZ is the major contributor. [−]-α-HTBZ, the other abundant TBZ metabolite, has much lower VMAT2 inhibitory potency than [+]-β-HTBZ, but increased affinity for other CNS targets, which may contribute to off-target effects of TBZ. In contrast, pharmacological activity for VBZ is derived primarily from [+]-α-HTBZ. Individual HTBZ isomer concentrations provide a more clinically relevant endpoint for assessing on- and off-target effects of TBZ than total isomer concentrations.
Deep Vein Thrombosis After Complex Posterior Spine Surgery: Does Staged Surgery Make a Difference?

Abstract Study Design Retrospective review of a prospectively collected database. Objective To assess the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) associated with single- versus multistage posterior-only complex spinal surgeries. Summary of Background Data Dividing the physiologic burden of spinal deformity surgery into multiple stages has been suggested as a potential means of reducing perioperative complications. DVT is a worrisome complication owing to its potential to lead to pulmonary embolism. Whether or not staging affects DVT incidence in this population is unknown. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing either single- or multistage posterior complex spinal surgeries over a 12-year period at a single institution were eligible. All patients received lower extremity venous duplex ultrasonographic (US) examinations 2 to 4 days postoperatively in the single-stage group and 2 to 4 days postoperatively after each stage in the multistage group. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the independent contribution of staging to developing a DVT. Results A total of 107 consecutive patients were enrolled—26 underwent multistage surgery and 81 underwent single-stage surgery. The single-stage group was older (63 years vs. 45 years; p Conclusions Patients who undergo multistage posterior complex spine surgery are at a high risk for developing a DVT compared to those who undergo single-stage procedures. The difference in DVT incidence may be understated as the multistage group had a lower pre- and intraoperative risk profile with a younger age, lower medical comorbidities, and less per-stage blood loss.
Committed, Unmarried Same-Sex Couples and their Social Networks in the United States: Relationships and Discursive Strategies

ABSTRACTThis study examines two aspects of the experiences that committed, unmarried same-sex couples have with social network members (friends and family members). The study examines how remaining...
Cultivating Peace Through Design Thinking: Problem solving with PAST Foundation

Design thinking taps into innate human capacities that may be overlooked by more conventional problem-solving practices. It uses a human-oriented process to create human-oriented products and services.
Sex-differentiated effects of physical attractiveness on romantic desire: a highly powered, preregistered study in a photograph evaluation context

A large, controversial literature has examined the hypothesis that the attractiveness of potential partners predicts romantic desire more strongly for men than for women. Nevertheless, prior studie...
GATOR1-dependent recruitment of FLCN–FNIP to lysosomes coordinates Rag GTPase heterodimer nucleotide status in response to amino acids

Folliculin (FLCN) is a tumor suppressor that coordinates cellular responses to changes in amino acid availability via regulation of the Rag guanosine triphosphatases. FLCN is recruited to lysosomes during amino acid starvation, where it interacts with RagA/B as a heterodimeric complex with FLCN-interacting proteins (FNIPs). The FLCN-FNIP heterodimer also has GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity toward RagC/D. These properties raised two important questions. First, how is amino acid availability sensed to regulate lysosomal abundance of FLCN? Second, what is the relationship between FLCN lysosome localization, RagA/B interactions, and RagC/D GAP activity? In this study, we show that RagA/B nucleotide status determines the FLCN-FNIP1 recruitment to lysosomes. Starvation-induced FLCN-FNIP lysosome localization requires GAP activity toward Rags 1 (GATOR1), the GAP that converts RagA/B to the guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound state. This places FLCN-FNIP recruitment to lysosomes under the control of amino acid sensors that act upstream of GATOR1. By binding to RagA/BGDP and acting on RagC/D, FLCN-FNIP can coordinate nucleotide status between Rag heterodimer subunits in response to changes in amino acid availability.
Turning a communist party leader into an internet meme: the political and apolitical aspects of China’s toad worship culture

A cultural phenomenon called ‘mo ha’ (toad worship) has been increasingly popular on the Chinese Internet since 2014, with ‘the toad’ referring to former Party and country leader Jiang Zemin. His m...
Gauge invariance and the Hamilton-Jacobi equation

It is shown that the Weyl gauge-invariance theory generates a class of scalar functionsS which can be identified with the Hamiltonian action if certain restrictions are imposed upon the path along which a classical particle is allowed to move. By restricting the path in such a way that no change occurs in the dimensions of the particle, we find thatS satisfies the relativistic Hamilton-Jacobi equation. If we relax this restriction and assign to the particle a bundle of classical paths with a cross-sectional diameter equal to the de Broglie wavelength, we obtain the Klein-Gordon wave equation and the Feynman sum-of-paths integral.
Agricultural trade liberalization and the APEC process

The liberalization of agricultural trade in the Asia-Pacific region is important to the relatively efficient, low-cost exporters of farm commodities that are participating in the APEC process. While the Uruguay Round negotiations succeeded, for the first time, in extending the GATT trade liberalizing process to agriculture, the agreement was modest. Japan and Korea were allowed more time in which to prepare for the opening of their markets. But the farm-support policies of both are destroying their agricultures. The sooner they are changed, as those of Taiwan have been changed, the better it will be for the Japanese and Korean economies—for consumers, public finances, land prices, and the farmers who remain.
Human expertise in the interpretation of remote sensing data: A cognitive task analysis of forest disturbance attribution

Abstract The visual analysis of remote sensing imagery is useful for the extraction of information not readily available through automated image analysis. Previous studies have shown that the replication of human reasoning about image content is difficult due to human creativity and mental flexibility. Development of automated image analysis programs continues; however, geovisual analytics suggests that it may be more beneficial to design symbiotic computer-human interpretation systems. It is imperative to understand the experiences, knowledge, and cognitive processes that image interpreters rely on. Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA) is a methodological framework developed from Cognitive Systems Engineering (CSE) where expert users are studied with the goals of explicating their needs, wants, and cognitive abilities for dealing with complex technological systems. Here we report the results of a CTA process carried out with users of a geovisual analytic tool to support forest disturbance detection and signification. These results suggest that different facets of the cognitive processes undertaken by users are not always explicit, and differences in the participant’s attentiveness to their mental processes vary greatly. Despite these differences and pathways to their final interpretations, participants were able to successfully come to similar judgments as for their peers.
High-Dimensional Time-Phase QKD

Since the demonstration of the first prototype QKD system (Bennett and Brassard, ACM Sigact News 20:78, 1989), the field of quantum encryption has progressed rapidly in the following three decades. In most conventional QKD systems, the information is encoded in two-dimensional (qubit) states of a photon. Despite the remarkable progress in experimental realizations of QKD protocols, the secret key rates of qubit-based QKD systems are significantly lower than the rates that can be achieved with classical communication systems (Diamanti et al., npj Quantum Inf 2:16025 EP, 2016). The secret key rates of the qubit-based systems are ultimately constrained by experimental non-idealities, such as the rate at which the quantum states can be prepared, or the long recovery time of the single-photon detectors. One solution to overcome these physical and practical limitations is to encode information in high-dimensional quantum states (d > 2), where log2d bits of information can be encoded on each photon (Bechmann-Pasquinucci and Tittel, Phys Rev A 61:062308, 2000; Cerf et al., Phys Rev Lett 88:127902, 2002; Sheridan and Scarani, Phys Rev A 82:030301, 2010; Scarani et al., Rev Mod Phys 81:1301, 2009). High-dimensional encoding has two major implications in the overall system performance. First, it can overcome the long recovery time of single-photon counting modules by encoding more bits per transmitted photon. Second, due to the larger state space, high-dimensional quantum states are more resistant to noise in the quantum channel, which means protocols implemented with these states can tolerate a higher quantum bit error rate than most qubit-based protocols (Sheridan and Scarani, Phys Rev A 82:030301, 2010).
Emergency nurse practitioner practice analysis: Report and implications of the findings

Background and purpose A practice analysis of nurse practitioners (NPs) working in emergency care was undertaken to define their job tasks and develop a specialty certification by examination. Method In phase I, clinical experts created a qualitative description of domains of practice, tasks performed, knowledge required, and procedures performed by NPs in emergency care. Phase II involved validating the qualitative description through a national survey (N = 474) of emergency nurse practitioners (ENPs). Evidence from the validation survey was used to create a test content outline for the ENP examination. Findings and conclusions The delineation of ENP practice validated by the survey (Cronbach alpha = 0.86-0.94 across rating scales) included 5 ENP practice domains: medical screening, medical decision-making/differential diagnoses, patient management, patient disposition and professional, legal and ethical practices. There were 22 job tasks across domains, 10 types of patient conditions/emergency types, 42 knowledge areas, and 68 procedures performed by ENPs. These resulted in a test blueprint providing the foundation for the ENP certification examination content validity. Implications for practice Beyond certification, the practice analysis has the potential to further inform the scientific basis of emergency specialty practice. Additional uses include refining professional scope and standards of practice, job descriptions, performance appraisals, research, and policy development.
A Fast and Memory-Efficient Trie Structure for Name-Based Packet Forwarding

Name lookup is an essential function, but a performance bottleneck in both today's and future network architectures. Variable-length and unbounded names rather than fixed-length addresses, as well as much larger and more dynamic forwarding tables call for a careful re-engineering of lookup structures for fast, memory-efficient, and scalable packet forwarding. We propose a novel data structure, called NameTrie, to store and index forwarding table entries efficiently and to support fast name lookups and updates. Its novelty lies in the optimized design and implementation of a character-trie structure. The nodes of NameTrie are stored compactly, improving cache efficiency and speeding up packet processing. Its edges are implemented using a hash table, facilitating fast name lookups and updates. A new scheme is used to encode control information without consuming additional memory. Running on conventional commodity hardware and using large-scale real-world name datasets, our implementation of NameTrie in software achieves 2.82~3.56, 3.48~3.72, and 2.73~3.25 million name insertions, lookups, and removals per second, respectively, for various datasets while requiring a small memory footprint. We have conducted a comprehensive performance evaluation against the state-of-the-art of named data networking (NDN) as a typical use-case. It is shown to require at least 35% less memory and runs at least 3x faster for name table lookups and updates than two well-known trie-based schemes in NDN.
Social Scientists as Experts and Public Intellectuals

Experts and intellectuals in the social sciences have a long history of relating to the state and the public. These relations vary in kind from those based on technical knowledge applied to policy to cults to social scientists in organic relations to social movements to organized attempts to develop public policy guided by social science knowledge. The most successful early attempts were cameralism and official statistics, but intellectuals like John Stuart Mill also reached a wide public audience in the nineteenth century. In the late nineteenth century, social reform movements claimed expert knowledge. As the social sciences entered the university, however, the forms of influence changed. Under the influence of the Rockefeller philanthropies, social science became more ‘realistic’ and the emphasis shifted to creating professions dependent on academic knowledge and certification. Think tanks and other forms of knowledge intervention developed which relied on academic social science. Public intellectuals, however, speaking not to professions or bureaucrats, remained important.