cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estrogen-binding protein of the rat uterus. Different molecular forms associated with nuclear uptake of estradiol.

Abstract When 3H-estradiol is administered to rats or incubated with rat uteri, the bulk of the labeled estrogen is found in the nuclear fraction. In previous work, nuclei prepared in media containing low salt (0.1 m or less KCl) were then extracted with a high salt medium (0.4 m KCl) to obtain an estrogen-protein complex sedimenting at approximately 5 S. We have now found that homogenizing the uteri directly in the high salt media results in the extraction of an estrogen-protein complex that sediments at ∼6 S. The cytoplasmic uterine binding protein, when treated with high salt media, is principally 4 S but contains approximately 20% 6 S. The 6 S, 5 S, and 4 S entities all have approximately the same affinity for estrogen (Kd, 2 to 4 x 10-10). These and other experiments suggest that, although the relationship between the 8 S, 6 S, 5 S, and 4 S forms of estrogen-binding protein is not clear, they all contain a common estrogen binding site and likely represent different states of aggregation of one or more types of protein subunits.
Girls, Boys and Language

Girls, Boys and Language. Joan Sivann. Language in Education Series. Oxford, England, and Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1992. 261 pp.
2‐Chlorothiirane 1,1‐dioxide

2-Chlorothiirane 1,1-dioxide intermediate: Chloromethanesulfonyl chloride product: 2-chlorothiirane 1,1-dioxide Keywords: annulation, heterocyclic-[3]; cyclization, miscellaneous; halogenation, chlorination; oxidation, miscellaneous; chloromethanesulfonyl chloride, preparation of; chloromethanesulfonyl chloride, lachrymator; diazomethane, explosive, toxic
A coupled-grid neural network retina for real-time visual processing

A real-time parallel retinal processor is currently being developed. The processor is based on a hybrid analog/digital neural processing element. The processor uses spatiotemporal characteristics of its input images to perform feature enhancement and extraction, motion detection and velocity measurements, target tracking, and system focal length adjustments. The subsystems which perform the four operations are described. >
Deviations from topotaxy in trioxane polymerization

It is shown by photomicrographic techniques that the polymer does not always form in a unique crystallographic direction in the solid-state polymerization of trioxane. The polymerization in these instances cannot therefore be considered topotactic in the usually accepted sense. The crystallization of the polymer is attributed to factors which are, in a sense, secondary to the actual reaction mechanism.
Detection of viral superantigen-class II MHC interactions at the cell surface.

Mouse mammary tumor virus superantigens (vSAgs) must bind to class II MHC proteins to activate T cells. Although direct interaction of vSAgs with class II proteins has been demonstrated biochemically, the details of this interaction are largely unresolved. To facilitate the study of class II–vSAg interactions, a sensitive assay has been developed that can detect binding of vSAgs to class II proteins on the cell surface. The assay measures changes in vSAg surface expression upon enzymatic removal of a co-expressed glycan-phosphatidyl inositol-anchored form of the class II molecule IEk. Because the vSAgs are synthesized as integral membrane proteins that undergo proteolytic processing, an event that is likely required to eliminate membrane tethering, the data provide further evidence that a proteolytic fragment of vSAg is bound to class II proteins on the cell surface. The assay was utilized to identify mutant vSAgs that either did not associate with IEk molecules, or did not undergo furin-dependent proteolytic processing. Class II protein binding was detected using vSAg7 mutants that lacked furin endoprotease recognition sites, and after expression of vSAg in furin-deficient cells. The data demonstrate that furin-mediated processing is not necessary for association of vSAg7 with class II proteins, supporting previous studies that have indicated a role for alternative endoproteases in vSAg activation. However, because class II interactions were also noted in the apparent absence of proteases that are known to activate vSAgs, the data suggest that yet other proteases may process vSAgs in a fashion that does not necessarily lead to activation of T cells.
Optimal preventive maintenance in a production inventory system

We consider a production inventory system that produces a single product type, and inventory is maintained according to an (S, s) policy. Exogenous demand for the product arrives according to a random process. Unsatisfied demands are not back ordered. Such a make-to-stock production inventory policy is found very commonly in discrete part manufacturing industry, e.g., automotive spare parts manufacturing. It is assumed that the demand arrival process is Poisson. Also, the unit production time, the time between failures, and the repair and maintenance times are assumed to have general probability distributions. We conjecture that, for any such system, the down time due to failures can be reduced through preventive maintenance resulting in possible increase in the system performance. We develop a mathematical model of the system, and derive expressions for several performance measures. One such measure (cost benefit) is used as the basis for optimal determination of the maintenance parameters. The model application is explained via detailed study of 21 variants of a numerical example problem. The optimal maintenance policies (obtained using a numerical search technique) vary widely depending on the problem parameters. Plots of the cost benefit versus the system characteristic parameters (such as, demand arrival rate, failure rate, production rate, etc.) reveal the parameter sensitivities. The results show that the actual values of the failure and maintenance costs, and their ratio are significant in determining the sensitivities of the system parameters.
Laboratory experiments on counter-propagating collisions of solitary waves. Part 2. Flow field

In the companion paper (Chen & Yeh, J. Fluid Mech. , vol. 749, 2014, pp. 577–596), collisions of counter-propagating solitary waves were studied experimentally by analysing the measured water-surface variations. Here we study the flow fields associated with the collisions. With the resolved velocity data obtained in the laboratory, the flow fields are analysed in terms of acceleration, vorticity, and velocity-gradient tensors in addition to the velocity field. The data show that flow acceleration becomes maximum slightly before and after the collision peak, not in accord with the linear theory which predicts the maximum acceleration at the collision peak. Visualized velocity-gradient-tensor fields show that fluid parcels are stretched vertically prior to reaching the state of maximum wave amplitude. After the collision peak, fluid parcels are stretched in the horizontal direction. The boundary-layer evolution based on the vorticity generation and diffusion processes are discussed. It is shown that flow separation occurs at the bed during the collision. The collision creates small dispersive trailing waves. The formation of the trailing waves is captured by observing the transition behaviour of the velocity-gradient-tensor field: the direction of stretching of fluid parcels alternates during the generation of the trailing waves.
Advantages of performing sonourethrography with lidocaine hydrochloride jelly in a prepackaged delivery system.

S onourethrography has been shown to be accurate, sensitive, and specific for the diagnosis and assessment of penile and bulbar urethral strictures I 1-51. Compared with conventional retrograde urethrograms, sonourethrograms involve no ionizing radiation and can potentially detect spongiotibrosis and other periurethral abnormalities invisible on radiographic urethrograms. The traditional technique for sonourethrography usually requires repeated instillations of normal saline to distend the urethra and to create contrast with adjacent tissues. The saline is typically delivered via either a Foley catheter OI a syringe placed directly into the urethral meatus. Although the saline is effective at providing contrast between the urethral lumen and surrounding soft tissues, its low viscosity makes urethral distention difficult to maintain. In addition. securing a Foley catheter in position with the balloon in the distal urethra can be time-consuming because the balloon often slips from the urethral meatus. Catheter-tip syringes are not ideal either because the fit with the urethral meatus is poor. As an alternative to saline, we explored the use of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride jelly as a contrast medium ftr distending the urethra in sonourethrography. This material is a widely used intraluminal lubricant and anesthetic in urologic procedures such as cystoscopy. It is available in a prefilled ampule with a convenient, smooth, cone-tipped delivery vehicle designed to fit the urethral meatus (Fig. IA).
Gender roles, biological sex, and predisposition to conflict management

The Bem Sex-Role Inventory and the Communication-Conflict Instrument were administered to 182 husbands and wives. Results suggest that gender-role classification is a more significant discriminator of communication behavior than is biological sex. Androgynous spouses, more than feminine though not significantly more so than masculine spouses, reported themselves to be the most disposed to handle conflict constructively. On the subscales of the conflict instrument, androgynous persons had significantly more positive feelings scores than either masculine or feminine persons, plus higher task energy and desire-for-control scores than feminine persons. Similarly, masculine persons reported a significantly greater predisposition to manage conflict constructively than did feminine persons, having higher task energy and desire-for-control scores. Undifferentiated persons reported the lowest scores for conflict management.
Determination of the indirect band edge of GaAs by quantum-well bandfilling (Lz∼100Å)

Abstract Photoexcitation-bandfilling of a quantum-well Al x Ga 1−x As-GaAs-Al x Ga 1−x As (x∼0.6, L z ∼100A) heterostructure is used to generate visible-red recombination radiation that cuts-off at high energy (1.864 eV, 4.2°K) due to electron transfer to indirect minima. This leads to an estimate of ΔE = E L − E Γ ∼310 meV.
Adverse effects of fructose in perfused livers of diabetic rats

Livers isolated from both fed normal and alloxan diabetic rats were perfused for 30 min using Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate blood buffer medium followed by 10 min flow-through infusions with either 5 mM or 28 mM fructose concentrations. In livers of normal and diabetic rats, both 5 mM and 28 mM fructose concentrations produced an elevation in tissue cyclic AMP levels, activation of glycogen phosphorylase, increased protein kinase activity, decreased tissue ATP levels, large increases in tissue fructose-1-phosphate, and variable effects upon glycogen synthase. These results are consistent with previously reported cyclic AMP mediated activation of glycogen phosphorylase by fructose via protein kinase in normal rat liver. In addition, both 5 mM and 28 mM fructose infusion resulted in large decreases in normal and diabetic synthase phosphatase activity. Therefore, these results in both normal and diabetic livers are inconsistent with a direct beneficial effect of fructose in the isolated perfused rat liver.
A Syntactic Approach to Type Soundness

We present a new approach to proving type soundness for Hindley/Milner-style polymorphic type systems. The keys to our approach are (1) an adaptation of subject reduction theorems from combinatory logic to programming languages, and (2) the use of rewriting techniques for the specification of the language semantics. The approach easily extends from polymorphic functional languages to imperative languages that provide references, exceptions, continuations, and similar features. We illustrate the technique with a type soundness theorem for the core of Standard ML, which includes the first type soundness proof for polymorphic exceptions and continuations.
Maxillary sinus elevation surgery: an overview.

UNLABELLED Maxillary sinus elevation surgery was developed to increase the height of bone available for implant placement in the posterior maxilla. The efficacy and predictability of this procedure have been determined in numerous studies. The basic approach to the sinus (Caldwell-Luc operation) involves an osteotomy performed on the lateral maxillary wall, elevation of the sinus membrane, and placement of bone graft material. The graft materials can be categorized into four groups: autogenous bone, allografts (harvested from human cadavers), alloplasts (synthetic materials), and xenografts (grafts from a nonhuman species). These graft materials can be used alone or in combination with each other. Implant placement can occur at the same surgical procedure (immediate placement) or following a healing period of 6 to 9 months (delayed placement). A more conservative approach to the sinus, the osteotome technique, has been described as well. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This article provides an overview of the surgical technique, with emphasis on anatomic considerations, preoperative patient evaluation (clinical and radiographic), indications and contraindications to the procedure, and possible risks and complications.
Intracoronary thrombolysis followed by directional atherectomy: a combined approach for thrombotic vein graft lesions considered unsuitable for angioplasty.

Eccentric complex vein graft lesions with abundant luminal thrombus have been generally considered unfavorable for balloon angioplasty. We present 3 patients in whom such lesions were successfully treated by a combined approach: intracoronary urokinase (1 million units over 1 hr) administered in the catheterization laboratory followed by directional atherectomy of the residual lesions in 2 separate procedures; with the patients maintained on heparin infusion between the 2 stages. No distal embolizations were encountered. Two of the 3 patients developed a groin hematoma without vascular compromise. This combined approach may prove to be an attractive alternative to reoperation in select patients with unfavorable vein graft lesions. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Mixing of multiple jets with a confined subsonic crossflow - Summary of NASA-supported experiments and modeling

Experimental and computational results on the mixing of single, double, and opposed rows of jets with an isothermal or variable temperature mainstream in a confined subsonic crossflow are summarized. The studies were performed to investigate flow and geometric variations typical of the complex 3-D flowfield in the dilution zone of combustion chambers in gas turbine engines. The principal observations from the experiments were that the momentum-flux ratio was the most significant flow variable, and that temperature distributions were similar (independent of orifice diameter) when the orifice spacing and the square-root of the momentum-flux ratio were inversely proportional. The experiments and empirical model for the mixing of a single row of jets from round holes were extended to include several variations typical of gas turbine combustors. Combinations of flow and geometry that gave optimum mixing were identified from the experimental results. Based on results of calculations made with a 3-D numerical model, the empirical model was further extended to model the effects of curvature and convergence. The principle conclusions from this study were that the orifice spacing and momentum-flux relationships were the same as observed previously in a straight duct, but the jet structure was significantly different for jets injected from the inner wall wall of a turn than for those injected from the outer wall. Also, curvature in the axial direction caused a drift of the jet trajectories toward the inner wall, but the mixing in a turning and converging channel did not seem to be inhibited by the convergence, independent of whether the convergence was radial or circumferential. The calculated jet penetration and mixing in an annulus were similar to those in a rectangular duct when the orifice spacing was specified at the radius dividing the annulus into equal areas.
SOUND PROPAGATION IN AN ANNULAR DUCT WITH MEAN POTENTIAL SWIRLING FLOW

The propagation of pressure disturbances is investigated in an annular duct with mean potential axial and swirling flow. The swirling mean motion causes refraction of the acoustic waves as they propagate along the duct. A normal mode analysis leads to a non-linear eigenvalue problem. The numerical solutions are validated with an asymptotic analysis in the limit of large radius. The results show that while for a uniform flow the evanescent modes propagate at the same speed only upstream, for a swirling flow such modes propagate at different speeds both upstream and downstream. Moreover, most non-axisymmetric acoustic modes propagate opposite to the mean flow swirl.
Epstein–Barr Virus/Human Vector Provides High-Level, Long-Term Expression of α1-Antitrypsin in Mice

We have constructed plasmid DNA vectors that contain Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) sequences and the human gene (SERPINA1) encoding alpha1-Antitrypsin (AAT). We demonstrate that a plasmid carrying the full SERPINA1 on a 19-kb genomic fragment and the EBV gene EBNA1 and its family of repeats binding sites undergoes efficient extrachromosomal replication in dividing mammalian tissue culture cells. Therefore, use of a whole genomic therapeutic gene to provide both replication and gene expression may be an effective gene therapy vector design, if the target cells are dividing. The efficacy of this same vector for expression of AAT in vivo in the nondividing cells of mouse liver was determined by hydrodynamic injection of naked plasmid DNA by means of the tail vein. A single injection of an EBV/genomic SERPINA1 vector provided >300 microg/ml of AAT, which approached normal plasma levels and persisted for the >9-month duration of the experiment. These data exceed most previously reported values, probably due to sequences in the genomic DNA that resist silencing of gene expression, possibly in combination with favorable effects on expression provided by the EBV sequences. These results demonstrate that plasmid DNA with the correct cis-acting sequences can provide in vivo long-term expression of protein at high levels that are therapeutically relevant for gene therapy.
The (Interconnected) Reasons Elder Americans File Consumer Bankruptcy

Since the early 1990s, the age distribution of the bankruptcy population has shifted. Specifically, the age distribution curve has flattened, due in large part to an increase in the number of elder Americans (65 and older) who are filing bankruptcy. To date, the reasons for elder bankruptcies have not been studied. Quantitative and qualitative data from 381 elder bankruptcy respondents who participated in the 2007 Consumer Bankruptcy Project suggest that overwhelming interest and fees on credit cards, illnesses and injuries, income problems, aggressive debt collectors, and housing problems are the leading reasons that elder debtors file bankruptcy. Further, the vast majority of elder bankruptcies result not from a single cause, but rather from multiple interconnected causes.
Randomized Trial of Normal Saline versus 5% Albumin for the Treatment of Neonatal Hypotension

Randomized Trial of Normal Saline versus 5% Albumin for the Treatment of Neonatal Hypotension
Do parking fees affect retail sales? Evidence from Starbucks

Parking meters are a common feature of urban areas, yet their economic impacts are not well understood. Local governments use meters to raise revenue and to ration scarce parking spaces. On-street parking, however, is seldom priced at the market rate. When inefficiently priced, parking meters may negatively affect the businesses and individuals they are intended to serve. This paper uses a quasi-experimental research design and an observational data set to assess metered parking policy. Sharp twice-daily changes in parking meter enforcement provide a comparison of customer traffic to a popular retail area in free and metered parking environments. Regression discontinuity results suggest that when there is an excess supply of parking (i.e., many spaces are vacant), a small 50 cent per-hour parking fee deters commerce. At two separate Starbucks establishments, the meter fee reduced customer traffic by almost 30%. However, when there is excess demand for parking (i.e., all spaces are constantly occupied), there is no evidence that meters help to increase customer traffic. These results suggest that sub-optimal meter pricing can impose substantial costs on nearby businesses.
An explanation for the broad supernova bands.

SPECTRA of type I supernovae show broad emission bands, none of which has been satisfactorily explained1. Seddon2 has proposed that the structure in the visible spectrum be regarded as broad absorption bands on a more intense continuum. The absorption bands could be produced by clouds of dust surrounding the star. On this viewpoint several supernovae absorption features fall near some of the much narrower unidentified absorption bands arising in the interstellar medium. This article reports an application of this new interstellar band explanation to supernovae spectra interpreted in terms of absorption features. The more intense background used to obtain the supernovae absorption will be discussed after a brief presentation of the proposed absorption band origin.
Histogram equalisation by Gaussian particle diffusion

Greyscale histogram equalisation is formulated by particle diffusion, which is extendable to any dimension. A histogram is approximated by a Gaussian mixture and its potential energy function is defined by its disparity from the uniform distribution. As a mechanical analogy, the equivalent dynamic system, corresponding to this potential, can be derived as a second-order ordinary differential equation. Adding viscosity terms to the dynamic system, we can acquire the stability which is validated by experimental results.
Diabetes Coverage in Mass-Circulating Women's Magazines, 1995–2001

This review evaluates the accuracy of diabetes mellitus coverage in selected mass-circulating women’s magazines from 1995 through 2001. The ProQuest database was searched to obtain all citations from five women’s magazines (Better Homes and Gardens, Good Housekeeping, Ladies’ Home Journal, Family Circle, and Woman’s Day) and three magazines with a large African-American audience (Ebony, Essence, and Jet). A content analysis
Signaling and transcriptional control of pituitary development

Many common morphogenic, signaling and transcriptional hierarchy themes exist with respect to a number of different model systems representing mammalian organogenesis. The developing pituitary gland defines a fundamentally ideal system for the study and classification of biochemical and molecular events associated with biological transitions such as organ and cellular positional determination as well as lineage-specific terminal differentiation. Recent advances in defining the extrinsic and intrinsic biological cascades behind pituitary development have shed light on the crosstalk between signaling molecules and transcription factors as well as the combinatorial regulatory codes guiding gland maturation. A thorough assessment of these codes is critical to a comprehensive understanding of pituitary organogenesis and the mechanisms which may go awry during tumorigenesis.
Human rights in India : historical, social and political perspectives

The essays in this volume tackle the complex issue of human rights from different perspectives, and cover such diverse issues as the rights of tribal peoples, prisoners and refugees, the constitutional context of human rights, human rights in education, feminist perspective, the role of the media, organizational bases of human rights and the NHRC.
Characterization of Silicon and Indium Redistribution in InxGa1−xAs/n+-GaAs(100) Heteroepitaxial Layers Fabricated Using Pulsed Laser Melting

Heteroepitaxial In x Ga 1−x As/GaAs structures have been formed by pulsed laser induced mixing of molecular beam deposited In films (˜200A) on Si doped n + -GaAs (100) substrates. The Si dopant and deposited In are redistributed in a rapid melt-solidification process driven by a XeCl pulsed excimer laser. It is found, from high resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, that the epitaxial layers are crystalline and lattice matched to the substrate except for the misfit dislocations lying along the In x Ga 1−x As/GaAs interface. These interfacial dislocations are used to identify the laser melted and unmelted regions. The dip and pile-up regions in the Si SIMS profiles are attributed to a segregation effect. Numerical simulation based on the liquid-solid interface velocity dependent segregation coefficient is used to investigate this effect and has approximated the trends in the measured characteristic In and Si profiles.
A grid-enabled workflow system for reservoir uncertainty analysis

Reservoir uncertainty analysis is significant for petroleum engineers for predictions of reservoir performance. However, analysis of reservoir performance uncertainty is challenging because large amounts of data must be transferred efficiently, reliably and securely between sites, and thousands of simulations are executed across different resources. There are several steps in conducting reservoir performance prediction, including: (a) transferring input files to remote resources, (b) running thousands of simulations in different scheduler systems, (c) monitoring the jobs, (d) transferring output files from remote sites to the local system, and (e) post-processing to determine whether simulations have resolved uncertainties adequately. This whole process may have to be repeated as new data are obtained, or if uncertainty thresholds change. Therefore, it is essential to automate end-to-end processing for this complex, composite application with many tasks that are executed in a specific order. We implemented an end-to-end automated system for reservoir uncertainty analysis using Grid technologies such as Condor-G, DAGMan, and Stork. This paper describes the requirements, design and implementation of such a system.
Nonparametric Regression With Basis Selection From Multiple Libraries

New nonparametric regression procedures called BSML (Basis Selection from Multiple Libraries) are proposed in this article for estimating a complex function by a linear combination of basis functions adaptively selected from multiple libraries. Different classes of basis functions are chosen to model various features of the function, for example, truncated constants can model change points in the function, while polynomial spline representers may be used to model smooth components. The generalized cross-validation (GCV) and covariance inflation criteria are used to balance goodness of fit and model complexity where the model complexity is estimated adaptively by either the generalized degrees of freedom or covariance penalty. The cross-validation (CV) method is also considered for model selection. Spatially adaptive regression and model selection in multivariate nonparametric regression will be used to illustrate the flexibility and efficiency of the BSML procedures. Extensive simulations show that the BS...
Seasonal distribution and abundance of fishes in the littoral zone of a Michigan lake

Abstract The seasonal distributions and abundances of 15 littoral zone fish species were determined from May to October 1976 in a small Michigan lake. A team of divers performed seven censuses along a set of transects which encompassed nearly the entire littoral region of the lake; additional dives enabled us to determine vertical distributions and migration patterns to and from overwintering areas. All species appeared to show less habitat segregation in spring when temperatures rose and food was abundant. Species distributions and abundances were quite constant during the summer and considerable habitat segregation was apparent. The bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) was the dominant species and was studied in greater detail. Small bluegills (<80 mm total length) were confined throughout the year to the vegetation apparently to avoid predation; larger fish moved up in the water column. This species overwintered in two localized regions of tall perennial vegetation in the deep littoral apparently in response...
The safety of outpatient transbronchial biopsy.

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) is an accepted outpatient procedure, but transbronchial biopsy (TBB) is generally reserved for hospitalized patients. Over a three-year period, we performed fluoroscopically guided TBB in 14S of 688 outpatients undergoing FOB. Following the procedure, fluoroscopy was used to screen for possible pneumothorax in those patients who had had TBB. All patients were observed for one hour and then discharged if stable. Three patients (2.02 percent) were admitted and observed for acute hemoptysis following TBB. Bleeding ceased spontaneously in each. The remaining 145 patients were discharged after one hour of observation. One patient (0.68 percent) required Heimlich tube treatment for a delayed pneumothorax. Our experience indicates a low incidence of delayed complications in patients who are asymptomatic for one hour following TBB. We conclude that patients do not require hospitalization solely for TBB.
Functions of mammalian spinal interneurons during movement

The major recent advances in understanding the role of spinal neurons in generating movement include new information about the modulation of classic reflex pathways during fictive locomotion and in response to pharmacological probes. The possibility of understanding movements in terms of spinal representations of a basic set of movement primitives has been extended by the analysis of normal reflexes. Recordings of the activity of cervical interneurons in behaving monkeys has elucidated their contribution to generating voluntary movement and revealed their involvement in movement preparation.
The role of a dental operating microscope in improved nonsurgical treatment of “calcified” canals

Three cases illustrating successful nonsurgical treatment of "calcified" canals are presented. Careful round bur drilling through dense calcified deposits in the pulp chamber and into the canal may uncover a treatable apical canal remnant. The dental operating microscope (Dentiscope) is an invaluable aid.
Mantle convection with internal heating and pressure-dependent thermal expansivity

Recent laboratory work suggests that the thermal expansivity alpha of the mantle decreases strongly with pressure. alpha determines the buoyancy of plumes and the rate at which plumes lose their thermal signature as they rise, and so may be expected to have a strong influence on the temperature and velocity structure of the mantle. Numerical simulations were conducted on convection in an internally heated, compressible mantle including constant and pressure-dependent alpha and thermal conductivity kappa. They show that a pressure-dependent alpha allows the existence of thermal plumes rising from the core-mantle boundary, however the plumes are weak and dissipate higher in the mantle.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Rotational Energy Profile of 3-Cyclopropyl-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-Di- N -oxide

1,2,4-Benzotriazine 1,4-di-N-oxides are potent antitumor drug candidates that undergo in vivo bioreduction leading to selective DNA damage in the low oxygen (hypoxic) cells found in tumors. Tirapazamine (TPZ) is the lead compound in this family. Here we report on the synthesis, crystal structure, and conformational analysis of a new analog, 3-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-di-N-oxide (3). Compound 3 (C10H10N3O2) crystallized in the monoclinic space group C2/c. Unit cell parameters for 3: a = 16.6306 (12), b = 7.799 (5), c = 16.0113 (11) A, α = 90, β = 119.0440 (10), γ = 90, and z = 8. 1,2,4-Benzotriazine 1,4-di-N-oxides are antitumor drug candidates that undergo in vivo bioreduction to yield DNA-damaging radical intermediates in hypoxic tumor cells. Here we report on the synthesis, crystal structure, and conformational analysis of a new analog, 3-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-di-N-oxide (3).
Connection-oriented versus connectionless protocols: A performance study

The impact of various implementations of an end-to-end transport service on the performance of high-volume data transfers in a local-area network is investigated. The impact of using a connection-oriented logical-link control (LLC) protocol below a connection-oriented transport protocol is of particular interest. The performance measure is the throughput which can be achieved between two stations either from memory to memory or from disk to disk. The throughput was determined by simulation for various combinations of differing LLC protocols, disk models and processor speeds. The parameters for the simulation model were determined partially by measurements of an implemented file server. The results show that the performance penalty of a connection-oriented LLC protocol can be substantial, but can be significantly lowered when an acknowledgment accumulation strategy is applied.
Acute gastrointestinal manifestations associated with use of crack

Crack, the free-base form of cocaine, causes pulmonary, cardiac, obstetric, neurologic, musculoskeletal, and gastrointestinal complications. As the popularity for crack use increases, it follows that the number of cocaine-related emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, and deaths should increase. We report 3 cases of patients arriving to the ED with acute onset of abdominal pain after smoking crack. These patients required surgical correction of their intestinal perforations. Although the exact pathophysiology of intestinal ischemia is not known, cocaine blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine, which leads to mesenteric vasoconstriction and focal tissue ischemia that may lead to perforation. The chronologic relationship of crack consumption to gastrointestinal perforation leads us to surmise that a possible crack-related ischemic event is the cause of perforation in these patients. Physicians examining patients with abdominal pain should be aware of the potential gastrointestinal complications of crack and consider bowel ischemia whenever a cocaine abuser presents with abdominal pain.
Damage of fiber-reinforced composite materials with micromechanical characterization

Abstract A damage mechanics model is presented to characterize brittle failure in elastic fiber-reinforced composite materials. An overall fourth-rank damage effect tensor is introduced based on the hypothesis of elastic energy equivalence to account for the overall damage of the composite system. In addition, two local (matrix and fiber) fourth-rank damage effect tensors are introduced to account for the local effects of damage experienced by both the matrix and the fibers. The overall and local damage tensors are correlated together using micromechanical considerations. The explicit constitutive equations for the damaged material are derived for a uniaxially loaded unidirectional thin fiber-reinforced composite lamina. The model is also applied to a unidirectional thin lamina under a state of plane stress. New expressions are derived for the stress and strain concentration factors for the damaged material in terms of the undamaged concentration factors and the damage variables. In addition, explicit expressions are obtained for the overall and local fourth-rank damage effect tensors. The research presented in this work is the three-dimensional generalization of the uniaxial tension model formulated previously by the authors.
Toward Single-Cycle Pulse Generation in Raman-Active Crystals

We study broadband sideband generation in Raman-active crystals. The sidebands come out at different angles and cover infrared, visible, and ultraviolet spectral regions. We combine the sidebands into a collinear beam by using a prism. We use a pulse shaper to control the relative phases of the sidebands aiming to produce single-cycle pulses.
Chemical reactions involved in the deep‐fat frying of foods. VII. Identification of volatile decomposition products of trilinolein1

The acidic and nonacidic volatile decomposition products (VDP) produced by pure trilinolein maintained at 185 C with periodic injection of steam were collected, fractionated, and identified. One hundred thirty-three volatile compounds were positively or tentatively identified. The compounds identified included a number of new and interesting compounds, some with valuable organoleptic properties, such as the unsaturated lactones.
What is your Guess? A 25-Proof Urine

### CASE DESCRIPTION A patient who had admitted to recent heroin use had a urine sample collected for urinalysis and drug screening. The drug screen was positive for opiates and ethanol. The results of a urinalysis were remarkable only for trace ketones and trace leukocytes. Confirmatory testing revealed codeine and morphine. A headspace GC-MS analysis revealed an ethanol concentration of 125 g/L. When notified of the strange ethanol result, the physician replied that the patient did not appear inebriated. A blood ethanol concentration was ordered on a sample that had already been drawn, and the result was negative (<0.1 g/L). 1. Are the codeine and …
From mixture theory to biot’s approach for porous media

Abstract Two apparently different approaches are used in dealing with the mechanics of a deformable porous medium : mixture theories on the one hand, and purely macroscale theories, which are mainly associated with the work of Biot, on the other hand. In the mixture theories, the porous medium is represented by spatially superposed interacting media, while macroscale theories assume that standard concepts of continuum mechanics are still relevant at the macro-level. The aim of this paper is two-fold. First, it is shown that the macroscale field equations derived from mixture theories can be reformulated in terms of the measurable quantities involved in the macroscale theories. Second, it is demonstrated how these field equations, including the fundamental inequality obtained from the second law, entail the existence of a macroscale C-potential upon which a thermo- dynamically consistent formulation of the constitutive equations can be firmly founded.
Momentum-transfer scaling in hydrogen-isotope collision systems

The differential cross sections for excitation of atomic hydrogen isotopes to their n = 2 states by proton or deuteron impact are found to follow a simple scaling relationship. The momentum-transfer-scaled differential excitation cross sections, for a projectile velocity of 1.26 a.u., produce one differential cross-section curve for all four possible hydrogen-isotope collision systems. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with our Glauber-approximation calculations.
Imaging of Alzheimer's disease

Imaging is widely used in the evaluation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition to imaging's traditional role of aiding in the exclusion of diseases that may be confused with AD, structural and functional imaging are being explored for potential use in the early detection of AD and as surrogate markers of treatment outcome. Volumetric measurements of the hippocampal and entorhinal regions using modern magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography are most widely studied in the discrimination of AD from nondemented aging and other dementias. Other imaging modalities include positron emission tomography and single-photon-emission computed tomography, which evaluate global and regional disturbances of blood flow and metabolism, and proton spectroscopy, which assesses neuronal degeneration and loss as marked by the presence of abnormal metabolites. Diffusion tensor and functional MRI, which examine white matter changes and brain-behavior relationships, are more recent techniques that contribute to the burgeoning application of imaging techniques to dementing illnesses and are notably improving our understanding of the pathophysiology of AD.
Effects of fatigue on motor unit firing rate versus recruitment threshold relationships.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of fatigue on the average firing rate ver- sus recruitment threshold relationships for the vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis. Methods: Nineteen subjects per- formed ten maximum voluntary contractions of the dominant leg extensors. Before and after this fatiguing protocol, the subjects performed a trapezoid isometric muscle action of the leg exten- sors, and bipolar surface electromyographic signals were detected from both muscles. These signals were then decom- posed into individual motor unit action potential trains. For each subject and muscle, the relationship between average firing rate and recruitment threshold was examined using linear regression analyses. Results: For the VL, the linear slope coefficients and y-intercepts for these relationships increased and decreased, respectively, after fatigue. For both muscles, many of the motor units decreased their firing rates. Conclusion: With fatigue, recruitment of higher threshold motor units resulted in an increase in slope for the VL. Muscle Nerve 45: 100-109, 2012
Dominance-submissiveness as an effective response to situations and as predictor of approach-avoidance

The main and interactive effects of dominance on approach-avoidance behavior were investigated. Two levels each of pleasure, arousal, and dominance were combined in a fully factorial design. The results suggested that dominance may be more important when predicting approach-avoidance than previously believed. Earlier research, suggesting that individuals prefer submissiveness eliciting situations, is questioned.
ASSESSMENT OF E. COLI, ENTEROCOCCI, AND FECAL COLIFORM BACTERIA IN A RECREATIONAL FLOATWAY

ABSTRACT A study was conducted on a recreational fioatway in northeast Alabama to assess EPA's new bacteriological criteria. In relation to the new criteria, the floatway was found to be more contaminated compared to the longstanding fecal coliform criterion. High correlations were found between fecal coliform concentrations and E. Coliand enterococci concentrations. Regression models were developed which enable the prediction of new criteria values from historical fecal coliform data.
Early childhood special education in a refugee resettlement community: challenges and innovative practices

There has been a significant increase in the number of children who are culturally and linguistically diverse who qualify for early childhood special education (ECSE) services [Banerjee, R., & Guiberson, M. (2012). Evaluating young children from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds for special education services. Young Exceptional Children, 15(1), 33–44]. The current study investigates the challenges and innovative practices in the evaluation and ECSE services for preschool aged children who are refugees. Twenty-eight early childhood educators who work in a small refugee resettlement community participated in a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews resulting in themes regarding challenges and innovative practices. Challenges include: lack of validated assessments, wait time for evaluations, different cultural perspectives and family advocacy. Innovative practices include: assessing skills not dependent on language and including caregivers in evaluations. Implications for future r...
Treatment of prolactin-secreting macroadenomas with the once-weekly dopamine agonist cabergoline

Dopamine agonist administration is the primary therapy for macroprolactinomas, but bromocriptine is the only agent approved in the United States. Its use is limited by a high incidence of side effects, a short duration of action, and a lack of effectiveness in some patients. Cabergoline is a long-acting dopamine agonist specific for the D2 receptor that is more effective and better tolerated than bromocriptine in women with microadenomas or idiopathic hyperprolactinemia. However, experience with cabergoline in the treatment of patients with macroadenomas is limited. We report the first study of chronic administration of cabergoline conducted exclusively in patients with macroprolactinomas. Fifteen patients (8 women, 7 men) ages 18-76 yr were studied in an open-label 48-week dose escalation trial of cabergoline administered once per week. Eleven patients had received prior therapy with other dopamine agonists. Mean prolactin (PRL) levels decreased by 93.6%, and normal levels were attained in 73% of patients at doses of 0.5-3.0 mg per week. Three of five patients who had failed to normalize PRL on prior dopamine agonists achieved normal levels. Gonadal function was restored in all hypogonadal men and in 75% of premenopausal women with amenorrhea. Tumor size decreased in 11 of the 15 patients. Side effects were minimal. Of the 5 patients who had experienced side effects on prior dopamine agonists, 4 had none on cabergoline, and the fifth had milder symptoms. During two further years of follow up, the improvement in PRL levels, gonadal function, and tumor size has persisted during cabergoline administration, and three patients have experienced a further decline in PRL and/or tumor size. This study demonstrates the effectiveness and minimal side effects of once-weekly cabergoline for treatment of macroprolactinomas.
Stigma as a Barrier to Substance Abuse and Mental Health Treatment

This article provides an overview of stigma associated with mental health and substance abuse treatment in military settings and discusses articles included in this issue. These articles examine the predictors of and barriers to treatment entry; assess the influence of military culture and unit influences on attitudes toward treatment; examine unique challenges associated with reserve personnel; and address policy changes to improve access to care. We review challenges associated with reducing stigma and the importance of policy, culture, education, and leadership to effect the desired changes.
Determination of deformations in polymeric nanostructures using geometric Moire techniques for biological applications

This paper demonstrates the determination of microscopic deformations in polymeric nanostructures. Such deformations are normally on the order of nm or even smaller, which can not be achieved by using conventional optical approaches. In this work, a PDMS film with periodic nanostructures was manufactured using electron beam fabrication and polymer replication. Thermal deformation was induced into PDMS films and achieved from the Moire fringes generated by interference between the polymeric nanostructures and the scanning rasters of the imaging system. This approach, at the level of the early findings, has a potential in various biological microsystems comprising polymeric nano-scale components, especially where they serve as mechanical sensors.
An improved detector for channels with nonlinear intersymbol interference

The magnetic storage channel exhibits nonlinear intersymbol interference (ISI) at high recording density, which can seriously degrade performance compared to a similar channel with purely linear distortion. The decision feedback equalizer with RAM feedback (RAM-DFE) has been suggested as a receiver for these nonlinear channels, however its performance is limited to canceling the strictly post-cursor nonlinear ISI. We suggest an enhancement to RAM-DFE which can further reduce the effects of nonlinear ISI. Past decisions are combined with channel output samples in the forward filter of a modified DFE to form a nonlinear estimator for the current symbol. >