cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Understanding and treating infertility: psychoanalytic considerations

This article describes how the intrapsychic, psychosocial, and social ramifications of infertility may be addressed when infertility patients present with distress at the psychotherapist's office. Self psychology provides a valuable framework for the therapist, given the profound and multiple narcissistic assaults on self-esteem, consolidation of identity, developmental aspirations, and other self attributes which infertility causes. The therapist's empathy becomes the primary tool of both understanding and alleviating suffering resulting from infertility. The current medical and interpersonal experiences of the infertile person must be part of the therapeutic process. A psychodynamic model of treatment is outlined which includes goals of reestablishing narcissistic equilibrium, diminishing internalized stigma, and ameliorating other adverse psychological consequences of infertility diagnosis and treatment.
The concentration of four antioxidant enzymes in cells isolated from the canine retina: Implications for aging

A rapid technique for the isolation of cells from the canine retina is described. Four enzymes which regulate free radicals and peroxides were measured in each of three fractions from the retina and compared to previously reported levels in canine outer segments and retinal pigment epithelial isolates.
Endocannabinoid signaling directs periimplantation events.

An emerging concept in female reproduction is the role of endocannabinoids, a group of endogenously produced lipid mediators that bind to and activate cannabinoid receptors. Although adverse effects of cannabinoids in female reproduction have been implicated for years, the mechanisms by which they exert these effects remained elusive. With the identification of cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoid ligands, their key synthetic and hydrolytic pathways, and the generation of knockout mouse models for cannabinoid receptors, a wealth of information is now available regarding the significance of cannabinoid/endocannabinoid signaling in early pregnancy. This review focuses on various aspects of endocannabinoid signaling in preimplantation embryo development and activation, and uterine differentiation during the periimplantation embryouterine dialog. It is hoped that a deeper understanding will lead to potential clinical applications of the endocannabinoid system as a target for regulating female fertility.
A Comparison of Carbon Monoxide Exposures After Snowstorms and Power Outages

Background Unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning occurs frequently after natural disasters. Although the epidemiology of carbon monoxide exposures that occur after power loss storms has been reported, few publications detail the characteristics of carbon monoxide exposures after massive snowstorms. Purpose To compare the differences in patient characteristics of carbon monoxide exposures after a snowstorm and power loss storm. Methods In 2013, a retrospective review was conducted of patient characteristics and exposure data from all carbon monoxide cases reported to the Connecticut Poison Control Center in the days following both a major snowstorm in 2013 and a winter storm that caused extensive power outages in 2011. Results Portable generators were the most common source of carbon monoxide exposure after a storm that resulted in power losses; car exhaust was the most frequent source of exposure after an extensive snowstorm. Most exposures occurred within the first day after the snowstorm, and on the second and third days after the power outage storm. There were no significant differences between the two storms in terms of patient age, gender, or median carboxyhemoglobin concentration. Conclusions Future public health and medical education regarding the dangers of carbon monoxide in the aftermath of storms should include attention to the differences in the typical exposure sources and timing.
Biomass-Powered Microbial-Pumped Micro-Fuel Cell

This work investigates power scavenging via a bioelectric fuel cell from the decomposition of biomass. Specifically, energy harvesting from the anaerobic metabolic pathway is studied for conversion into lactic acid and alcohols in a micro-device.
Pretreatment measures of brain structure and reward-processing brain function in cannabis dependence: An exploratory study of relationships with abstinence during behavioral treatment

Background Cannabis is widely abused, and efficacies of therapeutics for cannabis dependence remain suboptimal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may aid in the identification of biological markers for successful treatment outcomes (i.e., abstinence).
Intrusion detection in IT networks with limited observations

In this paper we consider the problem of quickest alarm intrusion detection for a computer network in a probabilistic setting where the number of opportunities to make observations on the status of a potential intruder is budgeted. Specifically, we model the activity of an intruder with a Markov chain of finite state space, corresponding to logical or physical states in a network, and suppose there is a state b which we would not like the intruder to enter. The intruder, on the other hand, would like to enter this sensitive part of the network and wants to spend as much time there as possible. The state of the intruder evolves in discrete time; also there are a limited number of opportunities for the security system to make state observations over the finite horizon of the problem. This model can be used to capture the essence of intrusion detection in a variety of situations such as hackers in a network or physical intruders in a spatial area where there is a constraint on the number of observations one may make due to power limitations. We develop an optimal policy for dynamically scheduling observations to minimize the amount of time that the intruder spends in b without being discovered.
Dimensions of Masculinity: Relations to Date Rape Supportive Attitudes and Sexual Aggression in Dating Situations

Sexual assault in general and date rape in particular are major issues for practitioners, educators, and researchers in counseling. This study sought to extend and refine existing research on the links between masculine gender roles and date rape by exploring 3 masculinity-related constructs that, until recently, have received relatively little attention in the context of rape research: masculinity ideology, attitudes toward feminism, and homophobia. In general, combinations of masculinity-related constructs were found to predict self-reported acceptance or perpetration of sexually coercive behaviors. Specifically, multiple regression analyses revealed that attitudes toward feminism and various, specific dimensions of masculinity ideology (vs. a global assessment, as in previous research) predicted unique variance in several types of date rape-supportive attitudes and beliefs: the Facade/Counterdependence dimension of masculinity ideology also predicted unique variance in self-reported history of sexual coercion. Implications for prevention, education, and future research are discussed.
New advances transform the management of women with abnormal Pap tests

New advances in Papanicolaou test technology, human papillomavirus DNA testing, and revisions in the Bethesda terminology for cervical cytology have transformed the management of abnormal Pap tests. This approach has been validated by a recent randomized clinical trial, and in some instances can reduce the number of colposcopies by 50%.
Critical Values For The F Distribution

This table contains critical values Fα,v1,v2 for the F distribution defined by P(F ≥ Fα,v1,v2) = α.
Reversible anuric acute kidney injury secondary to acute renal autoregulatory dysfunction

Autoregulation of glomerular capillary pressure via regulation of the resistances at the afferent and efferent arterioles plays a critical role in maintaining the glomerular filtration rate over a wide range of mean arterial pressure. Angiotensin II and prostaglandins are among the agents which contribute to autoregulation and drugs which interfere with these agents may have a substantial impact on afferent and efferent arteriolar resistance. We describe a patient who suffered an episode of anuric acute kidney injury following exposure to a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent while on two diuretics, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and an angiotensin receptor blocker. The episode completely resolved and we review some of the mechanisms by which these events may have taken place and suggest the term "acute renal autoregulatory dysfunction" to describe this syndrome.
Immunological Approach to Location of κ-Casein in the Casein Micelle by Electron Microscopy

Abstract The colloidal stability of skim milk is due to κ-casein in casein micelles; thus, the location of this protein within these complexes has been the subject of speculation. Various models have placed κ-casein at the surface, in the interior, or distributed uniformly in the casein micelle. By a ferritin-labeled double-antibody technique coupled with electron microscopy, location of κ-casein has been related to casein micelle size. Casein micelles with κ-casein located predominantly at the periphery of the micelle have diameters of 1420±320A whereas micelles with κ-casein located uniformly throughout have diameters of 920±220A. These results are in accord with the inverse relationship between micelle size and κ-casein content and support the model of Slattery (19).
Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 Signaling Connections Maps

Cytokines are inflammatory mediators important in responding to pathogens and other foreign challenges. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 are two cytokines produced by T helper type 2 cells, mast cells, and basophils. In addition to their physiological roles, these cytokines are also implicated in pathological conditions such as asthma and allergy. IL-4 can stimulate two receptors, type I and type II, whereas IL-13 signaling is mediated only by the type II receptor (see the STKE Connections Maps). These cytokines activate the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling cascades, which may contribute to allergic responses. In addition, stimulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway through recruitment of members of the insulin receptor substrate family may contribute to survival and proliferation.
Experimental Investigation of Mixed Convection Heat Transfer Caused by Forced-Jets in Large Enclosure

This research investigates experimentally mixed convection and heat transfer augmentation by forced jets in a large enclosure, at conditions simulating those of actual passive containment cooling systems and scales approaching those of actual containment buildings or compartments. The experiment was designed to measure the key parameters governing the heat transfer augmentation by forced jets and investigate the effects of geometric factors, including the jet diameter, jet injection orientation, interior structures, and enclosure aspect ratio. The tests cover a variety of injection modes leading to flow configurations of interest that contribute to reveal the nature of mixing and stratification phenomena in the containment under accident conditions of interest. By nondimensionalizing the governing equations, the heat transfer of mixed convection can be predicted to be controlled by jet Archimedes number and geometric factors. Using a combining rule for mixed convection and appropriate forced and natural convection models, the correlations of heat transfer augmentation by forced jets are developed and then tested by experimental data. The effects of jet diameter, injection orientation, interior structures, and enclosure aspect ratio on heat transfer augmentation are illustrated with analysis of experimental results.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors in Organ Transplantation: An Unkept Promise

The initial enthusiasm for the advent of a potentially nonnephrotoxic immunosuppressant has been muted by data unmasking nephrotoxicity of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, including renal podocyte injury resulting in proteinuria. Adverse reactions, including anemia, thrombocytopenia, hyperlipidemia, and especially diabetogenesis, have limited its use to niche indications such as prevention or amelioration of malignancy in organ transplant. The class seems to be best used to address malignancy in organ allograft recipients and as a first-line therapy in lymphangioleiomyomatosis.
A Social Robot to Mitigate Stress, Anxiety, and Pain in Hospital Pediatric Care

Children and their parents may undergo challenging experiences when admitted for inpatient care at pediatric hospitals. While most hospitals make efforts to provide socio-emotional support for patients and their families during care, gaps still exist between human resource supply and demand. The Huggable project aims to close this gap by creating a social robot able to mitigate stress, anxiety, and pain in pediatric patients by engaging them in playful interactive activities. In this paper, we introduce a larger experimental design to compare the effects of the Huggable robot to a virtual character on a screen and a plush teddy bear, and provide initial qualitative analyses of patients' and parents' behaviors during intervention sessions collected thus far. We demonstrate preliminarily that children are more eager to emotionally connect with and be physically activated by a robot than a virtual character, illustrating the potential of social robots to provide socio-emotional support during inpatient pediatric care.
Decomposing electric power plant emissions within a joint production framework

Abstract This study calculates the relative importance of factors associated with changes in NO x and SO 2 emissions by coal-fired electric power plants between 1987 and 1995 using distance functions to model the joint production of good and bad outputs. This new decomposition model calculates changes in emissions (the bad outputs) associated with changes in technical efficiency, technical change, growth of fuel and non-fuel inputs, and changes in the mix of good and bad outputs. This study finds that declining SO 2 emissions are primarily associated with changes in the output mix, while declining NO x emissions are associated with declining fuel consumption and changes in the output mix.
Chemical Imaging with a Solid-State near Infrared Spectrometer Based on a Digital Micro-Mirror Array Device Coupled with Hadamard Transform Spectroscopy

Chemical imaging is demonstrated by using an innovative near infrared spectrometer that uses a digital micro-mirror array device (DMD) to provide both spatial and spectral resolution. Hadamard transform spectroscopy is used to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of the measurement compared to single point raster scanning. The concept is demonstrated by collecting a spectral image of a polymer sample composed of separate regions of polystyrene and polypropylene. The resulting image is composed of 63 spectral resolution elements across the first overtone region of the near infrared spectrum (1538–1818 nm), as well as 65 spatial resolution elements across the longitudinal direction of the DMD (11.3 mm).
Origin of gasoline range alkanes in the deep sea

IT is believed that C4 to C7 hydrocarbons in petroleum are formed by the cracking of organic matter at depths generally exceeding 1,000 m at temperatures in excess of 50 °C (refs 1–3). Also, none of the alkanes in the butane-heptane range are formed biologically as far as is known at present. Consequently, it is thought that they do not occur in shallow, Recent sediments. In 1962, I analysed 22 samples of Recent sediments from 7 different environments and verified that these hydrocarbons were not present at the p.p.m. level4 although traces of a few hydrocarbons such as butane, isobutane, isopentane and n-heptane have been found5–8. No identification of individual hexanes or heptanes has been reported except when there has been clear evidence of seepage from deeper source sediments9.
Rising from the Ashes: DNA Repair in Deinococcus radiodurans.

single-stranded DNA in ESDSA requires the function of at least one nuclease and helicase and perhaps several of both. Proteins are also needed to load RecA protein onto single-strand DNA binding protein (SSB)-coated single-stranded DNA. The most important pathway for double-strand break repair in Escherichia coli utilizes the RecBCD enzyme for all of these roles. However, Deinococcus encodes no homologue of RecB or RecC. Deinococcus does encode homologues of every protein involved in what is considered (in E. coli) an auxiliary pathway for recombinational DNA repair—the RecFOR pathway. In the RecFOR pathway, the RecJ and RecQ proteins take up the nuclease and helicase roles, respectively, while the RecFOR proteins function to load RecA
Genetic antecedents of dopamine dysfunction in schizophrenia

Abstract Background: Relatives of schizophrenic probands frequently manifest attenuated features of this illness including the negative symptoms and the milder positive psychotic symptoms. These two symptom dimensions are hypothesized to be associated with decreased and increased brain dopamine (DA) functions, respectively, raising the possibility that DA abnormalities may be present in the relatives of schizophrenic probands. Methods: Plasma homovanillic acid (HVA), the major DA metabolite and an indicator of brain DA activity, was measured in nonpsychotic, physically healthy first-degree relatives ( n = 55) of schizophrenic probands and in normal subjects ( n = 20) without a family history of schizophrenia. Results: Plasma HVA inversely correlated with negative symptoms and positively correlated with attenuated positive symptoms. Also, relatives had decreased plasma HVA compared to normal subjects, consistent with the fact that these relatives are characterized by negative symptoms. These findings were not related to major peripheral factors that could affect plasma HVA suggesting that the findings may reflect changes in brain DA activity. Conclusions: Negative symptoms indicating a genetic diathesis to schizophrenia in relatives may have a biologic basis in reduced DA activity and the DA dysfunction of schizophrenia may have genetic antecedents. This opens an important new avenue for further study of DA in this illness.
An efficient algorithm for discovering positive and negative patterns

In previous work we formally defined two types of potentially interesting patterns, referred to as positive and negative. These two types of patterns provide statistical knowledge that is able to affect one's belief system. In this paper we propose two algorithms, called Support-Based Discovery of Potentially Interesting Patterns (SBDPIP), and All-Confidence Discovery of Potentially Interesting Patterns (ACDPIP), to discover patterns that qualify as potentially interesting and compare them to Discovering All Potentially Interesting Patterns (DAPIP), an algorithm we introduced in our earlier work. ACDPIP is different from the other two algorithms in that it generates ‘frequent’ itemsets using an all-confidence threshold. We establish a lower bound for the threshold on all-confidence value for coverage and show empirically that ACDPIP algorithm represents an efficient alternative to DAPIP and significantly outperforms the algorithm SBDPIP with respect to coverage.
Occurrence of late-emerging populations of the blueberry maggot fly (Diptera : Tephritidae)

L'analyse de la phenologie des adultes de la Mouche de l'airelle, Rhagoletis mendax Curran, au New Jersey, a revele que les adultes sont actifs sur une periode beaucoup plus longue qu'on ne le croyait a ce jour. Des captures a l'aide de pieges Pherocon AM sur deux saisons a des sites naturels et dans des cultures commerciales de l'airelle en corymbe, Vacc inium corymbosum L. (Ericaceae), ont montre que les adultes sont presents durant presque toute la periode qui va du debut de juillet au debut de novembre. Le maximum de captures a ete observe dans les sites naturels en juillet-aout, mais seulement en septembre dans certains champs commerciaux. Les patterns d'emergence ont ete etablis par la recolte de pupes a un site naturel et un site commercial, au moment de l'infestation maximale des fruits. L'annee suivante, les populations des deux sites avaient des periodes d'emergence differentes, ce qui correspondait en gros aux captures dans les pieges a ces endroits. La comparaison d'un locus allozymique chez des individus recoltes dans des champs commerciaux, dans les pieges Pherocon AM et dans les fruits infestes, a confirme qu'il s'agissait bien de R. mendax et non d'une ou l'autre de ses especes-soeurs a periode de vol similaire. Il y a donc des differences importantes dans la phenologie du vol chez certaines populations de R. mendax, Etant donne cette plasticite, il faudra, dans les debats actuels sur les mecanismes evolutifs en operation chez les mouches du genre Rhagoletis Loew, tenir compte du fait que la periode de vol chez R. mendax n'est pas un facteur limitant important dans l'exploitation d'hotes a calendriers de fructification differents, ni un mecanisme d'isolement de l'insecte de ses especes-soeurs avant l'accouplement.
Subgenual prefrontal cortex activity predicts individual differences in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity across different contexts.

Background Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system activation is adaptive in response to stress, and HPA dysregulation occurs in stress-related psychopathology. It is important to understand the mechanisms that modulate HPA output, yet few studies have addressed the neural circuitry associated with HPA regulation in primates and humans. Using high-resolution F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in rhesus monkeys, we assessed the relation between individual differences in brain activity and HPA function across multiple contexts that varied in stressfulness. Methods Using a logical AND conjunctions analysis, we assessed cortisol and brain metabolic activity with FDG-PET in 35 adolescent rhesus monkeys exposed to two threat and two home-cage conditions. To test the robustness of our findings, we used similar methods in an archival data set. In this data set, brain metabolic activity and cortisol were assessed in 17 adolescent male rhesus monkeys that were exposed to three stress-related contexts. Results Results from the two studies revealed that subgenual prefrontal cortex (PFC) metabolism (Brodmann's area 25/24) consistently predicted individual differences in plasma cortisol concentrations regardless of the context in which brain activity and cortisol were assessed. Conclusions These findings suggest that activation in subgenual PFC may be related to HPA output across a variety of contexts (including familiar settings and novel or threatening situations). Individuals prone to elevated subgenual PFC activity across multiple contexts may be individuals who consistently show heightened cortisol and may be at risk for stress-related HPA dysregulation.
Characterizing the marker-dye correction for Gafchromic® EBT2 film: A comparison of three analysis methods

Purpose: Gafchromic® EBT2 film has a yellow marker dye incorporated into the active layer of the film that can be used to correct the film response for small variations in thickness. This work characterizes the effect of the marker-dye correction on the uniformity and uncertainty of dose measurements with EBT2 film. The effect of variations in time postexposure on the uniformity of EBT2 is also investigated. Methods: EBT2 films were used to measure the flatness of a60Co field to provide a high-spatial resolution evaluation of the film uniformity. As a reference, the flatness of the 60Co field was also measured with Kodak EDR2 films. The EBT2 films were digitized with a flatbed document scanner 24, 48, and 72 h postexposure, and the images were analyzed using three methods: (1) the manufacturer-recommended marker-dye correction, (2) an in-house marker-dye correction, and (3) a net optical density (OD) measurement in the red color channel. The field flatness was calculated from orthogonal profiles through the center of the field using each analysis method, and the results were compared with the EDR2 measurements.Uncertainty was propagated through a dose calculation for each analysis method. The change in the measured field flatness for increasing times postexposure was also determined. Results: Both marker-dye correction methods improved the field flatness measured with EBT2 film relative to the net OD method, with a maximum improvement of 1% using the manufacturer-recommended correction. However, the manufacturer-recommended correction also resulted in a dose uncertainty an order of magnitude greater than the other two methods. The in-house marker-dye correction lowered the dose uncertainty relative to the net OD method. The measured field flatness did not exhibit any unidirectional change with increasing time postexposure and showed a maximum change of 0.3%. Conclusions: The marker dye in EBT2 can be used to improve the response uniformity of the film. Depending on the film analysis method used, however, application of a marker-dye correction can improve or degrade the dose uncertainty relative to the net OD method. The uniformity of EBT2 was found to be independent of the time postexposure.
Spin parity and broken symmetry in finite spin-1/2 chains with frustrated exchange: quantum transition from high to low spin

Exact diagonalization of finite spin-1/2 chains with periodic boundary conditions is applied to the ground state (GS) of chains with ferromagnetic (F) exchange ${J}_{1}l0$ between first neighbors, antiferromagnetic (AF) exchange ${J}_{2}=\ensuremath{\alpha}{J}_{1}g0$ between second neighbors, and axial anisotropy $0\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\le}1$. In zero field, the GS is in the ${S}_{z}=0$ sector for the relevant parameters and is doubly degenerate at multiple points ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{m}=({\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{m},{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{m})$ in the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$, $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ plane. Degeneracy under inversion at sites or spin-parity or both leads, respectively, to a bond order wave (BOW), to staggered magnetization, or to vector chiral (VC) order. Exact results up to $N=28$ spins directly yield order parameters and spin correlation functions whose weak $N$ dependencies allow inferences about infinite chains. The high-spin GS at ${J}_{2}=0$ changes discontinuously at ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{1}=(\ensuremath{-}1/4,1)$ to a singlet in the isotropic ($\ensuremath{\Delta}=1$) chain. The transition from high to low spin $S(\ensuremath{\alpha},\ensuremath{\Delta})$ is continuous for $\ensuremath{\Delta}l{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{B}=0.95\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01$ on the degeneracy line ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1}(\ensuremath{\Delta})$. The GS has staggered magnetization between ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{A}=0.72$ and ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{B}$ and a BOW for $\ensuremath{\Delta}l{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{A}$. When both inversion and spin-parity are reversed at ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{m}$, the correlation functions $C(p)$ for spins separated by $p$ sites are identical. $C(p)$ minima are shifted by $\ensuremath{\pi}/2$ from the minima of VC order parameters at separation $p$, consistent with right- and left-handed helices along the $z$ axis and spins in the $xy$ plane. Degenerate GSs of finite chains are related to quantum phase diagrams of extended $\ensuremath{\alpha}$, $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ chains, with good agreement for order parameters along the line ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1}(\ensuremath{\Delta})$. Degenerate GSs limit a VC phase to intermediate $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ where $S(\ensuremath{\alpha},\ensuremath{\Delta})$ varies rapidly but continuously, in contrast to many-body treatments in which VC phases extend over a larger range of parameters.
Rheology and nanostructure of hydrophobically modified alginate (HMA) gels and solutions.

Abstract The effect of hydrophobic modification on the mechanical and structural characteristics of hydrophobically modified alginate (HMA) solutions and hydrogels were evaluated. The HMA systems consisted of alkyl chains, C 8 , grafted onto alginate backbones. With an increase in degree of substitution of hydrophobic tails, the association became stronger in solution, but same was not true for gels. The contribution of ionic crosslinking was found to be the dominant factor in determining the mechanical strength of hydrogels. Rheological measurements of 2 wt% HMA gels reveal formation of a strongly crosslinked network with an elastic modulus close to 100 kPa. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments indicate that HMA assembles into a disordered structure with regions rich in the hydrophobic domain surrounded by a crosslinked hydrophilic network.
Reform from Below: Behavioral and Institutional Change in North Korea

The state is often conceptualized as playing an enabling role in a country's economic development-providing public goods, such as the legal protection of property rights, while the political economy of reform is conceived in terms of bargaining over policy among elites or special interest groups. We document a case that turns this perspective on its head: Efficiency-enhancing institutional and behavioral changes arising not out of a conscious, top-down program of reform, but rather as unintended (and in some respects, unwanted) by-products of state failure. Responses from a survey of North Korean refugees demonstrate that the North Korean economy marketized in response to state failure with the onset of famine in the 1990's, and subsequent reforms and retrenchments appear to have had remarkably little impact on some significant share of the population. There is strong evidence of powerful social changes, including increasing inequality, corruption, and changed attitudes about the most effective pathways to higher social status and income. These assessments appear to be remarkably uniform across demographic groups. While the survey sample marginally overweights demographic groups with less favorable assessments of the regime, even counterfactually recalibrating the sample to match the underlying resident population suggests widespread dissatisfaction with the North Korean regime.
Comparison of ozone concentrations on a surface elevation gradient with balloon-borne ozonesonde measurements

Abstract Ambient ozone data collected on a ground-level elevation transect in the Colorado Front Range Mountains, spanning an elevation range from 1660 m above sea level (ASL) to 3530 m ASL, were compared to vertical ozonesonde measurements obtained from a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) launch site located just a few kilometers from the lowest elevation site on the surface site elevation transect. Ozonesondes were launched approximately weekly throughout the one-year monitoring period from September 1, 2007 to August 31, 2008, and daily from June 27 to July 11, 2008. Ozonesonde profile data were found to display a variable agreement with the data from the surface sites along the elevation transect. The strongest determinants of the ozone profile behavior were found to be the vertical atmospheric potential temperature profile and season. The surface elevation ozone profile generally matched the sonde profile quite well, capturing all of the same major features. A seasonal relationship for surface–ozonesonde concentration differences was found. This difference is smallest in winter and spring, and tends to be slightly positive (i.e. higher ozone at surface sites), with three-month seasonal median values up to 4 ppbv. The difference turns negative (i.e. lower ozone at surface sites) in summer–fall, with seasonal median values becoming as large as −13 ppbv. The seasonal cycle in surface–ozonesonde differences was minimal for the lowest monitoring site at 1660 m ASL. The magnitude of seasonal change increased with elevation to a maximum of 22 ppbv at 3350 m ASL, before then dropping again by more than half at the highest site, which, at 3530 m ASL, is frequently above the mixed layer boundary. Seasonally dependent surface processes, including ozone production in the surface layer and deposition processes are the most likely determinants of seasonal variation in the surface–ozonesonde data relationship.
213 TRANSCRIPTOMIC COMPARISON BETWEEN PORCINE ADIPOSE AND BONE MARROW MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS DURING IN VITRO OSTEOGENIC AND ADIPOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION

Previous data support the use of adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) as an alternative to bone marrow as a source of adult stem cells for therapeutic purposes. The aims of the present study were to directly compare the transcriptome of ASC and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) in order to uncover potential functional differences between the two mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), to identify differentially expressed genes (DEG) and related functions that may drive MSC to become bone or adipose and to identify potential markers for adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. ASC and BMSC, isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue and femurs of 3 adult pigs were differentiated in vitro along the osteogenic and adipogenic lineage for up to 4 wk. At 0, 2, 7 and 21 days of differentiation, RNA was extracted for microarray analysis. Data were normalized by Lowess and statistical analysis run using ANOVA with Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Data mining was carried out using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and DAVID. Analysis of undifferentiated MSC for genes with the highest expression and DEG between MSC and fully differentiated tissues uncovered MSC being featured by low immunity and high angiogenic capacity. The direct comparison between differentiation lineages indicated that the expression of a limited number of genes has to change in order to determine cell fate. Functional analysis of the DEG between differentiation lineages indicated that osteogenesis is characterised by larger cell proliferation and cytoskeleton organisation with a crucial role of G-proteins compared to adipogenesis. On the other hand, adipogenesis is driven by PPAR signalling, has greater angiogenesis, lipid metabolism, migration and tumorigenesis capacity compared to osteogenesis. The direct comparison between ASC and BMSC during the same differentiation uncovered that ASC is featured by a greater lipid metabolism compared to BMSC, while BMSC has a more pronounced cell growth and proliferation than ASC. In addition, we uncovered 39 specific gene markers for adipogenesis and 65 for osteogenesis. NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1), aquaporin 3 (AQP3), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), fatty acid binding protein 3 and 5 (FABP3 and FABP5) and ferritin light polypeptide (FTL) were among the best adipogenic markers. Hemopexin (HPX), collagenase type 3α (COL3A1), annexin A8-like 1 (ANXA8L1), flotillin 2 (FLOT2) and periostin or osteoblast specific factor (POSTN) were among the best osteogenic markers. Overall, the data indicated that the transcriptome of the two MSC are similar across the conditions studied. In addition, despite the limited DEG between the two MSC, the enrichment of several functions/pathways might indicate differences in therapeutic application. This work was support by the Illinois Regenerative Medicine Institute (IDPH # 63080017).
A low-cost microcontroller-in-the-loop platform for controls education

This paper presents a novel, low-cost microcontroller-in-the-loop system for performing real-time feedback control experiments. This system can be used to include experimental projects and in-class demonstrations in any controls course. A prototype of an embedded feedback control system can be developed entirely in a higherlevel language on the PC without reprogramming the microcontroller. All control calculations are performed on the PC while the microcontroller handles analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion and enforces the real-time execution of the control law (there is no need for a real-time operating system on the PC). Besides the microcontroller, no specialized hardware is needed. The system depends on real-time communication between the PC and the microcontroller. Survey and assessment results are presented from using the system in two courses.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL EVIDENCE ON THE HYBRID NATURE OF BITTER PECAN, CARYA x LECONTEI

In the course of chemical studies on hickory nut oils we noted differences in the fatty acid composition of certain species. To test the usefulness of the data and to clarify the status of a putative hybrid, we chose to examine the morphological and chemical evidence for asserting that Carya X lecontei Little (bitter pecan) is a hybrid between C. illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch2 (pecan) and C. aquatica (Michx. f.) Nutt. (water hickory). The bitter pecan was first described by Le Conte (1853) as a new species of "Pacane Nut" (Hickorea texana). He compared it to pecan but made no mention of water hickory or suggestion of hybridization. Though Mohr recognized that "crosses between this species [pecan] and the Water Hickory.... are frequently met with" (1889, p. 570), Trelease dismissed these observations with the comment that "I have seen no specimens indicating this hybrid." (1896, p. 34). Based on Le Conte's drawing, Trelease suggested that the bitter pecan was a hybrid between pecan and bitternut (C. cordiformis). Sargent offered no comment on the hybrid nature of bitter pecan when he published detailed descriptions and drawings in The Silva of North America (.1902). It was not until 1937 that Palmer formally recognized bitter pecan as a hybrid between pecan and water hickory. He examined several morphological features and concluded that most of them were intermediate in expression in the bitter pecan. There has been general acceptance of Palmer's findings, though Carya texana (Le Conte) C. DC. has, for nomenclatural reasons, been changed to C. X lecontei (Little 1943). MATERIALS The natural occurrence of bitter pecan is limited to the range of overlap ofthe putative parents (Palmer 1937). According to Little's distribution maps (1949) the contact of pecan and water hickory is extensive in Texas and Louisiana, while
‘A Game, a Competition, an Instrument?’: High Performance, Cultural Diplomacy and German Sport from 1950 to 1972

International sporting events such as the Olympic Games with their nationalistic rituals and ceremonies were one of the GDR's main spheres of action in its struggle for diplomatic recognition. The government of the Federal Republic of Germany had to find a way to counter this challenge. First, it tried to block the GDR from achieving Olympic recognition. After this strategy failed, there was only one way West Germany could still limit GDR visibility and underscore its own strength: by winning more medals than the socialist challenger. This attitude transformed sport into an arena for the competing political systems and yielded the same results in both German states: sport became politicized, the sports systems centralized and sports sciences more important. The GDR sports system acted as the catalyst for these developments as both the challenger to and as a role model for West German sport.
The impact of combining nuclear material categories on uncertainty

Abstract There is nearly always some mismatch between the physical properties of items containing nuclear material and standards used to calibrate the assay method. Physical properties include the density and heterogeneity of the item's nonnuclear material and the type of interfering species, such as hydrogen in the case of neutron counting. Some assay techniques are less sensitive to variation in physical properties than others and can be used to generate working standards. Provided that a reference assay method 1 (often calorimetry) is available that is well characterized (having negligible or known dependence on varying physical properties), we can assess the total measurement error of another method 2. In this paper we consider the impact of the number of measurement categories on the measurement error standard deviation of method 2. We assume that working standards (traceable to primary reference standards) are provided by the method 1 assay of actual facility items. Given the same number of working standards, we evaluate the tradeoff between using more working standards for each of a fewer number of categories versus using fewer standards in each of more categories. This leads to a method to determine a good allocation of working standards.
Karyotype analysis of a human mammary sarcoma explant in vitro

Karyotype of a fibroblastic SH-1 cell line derived from a human mammary sarcoma had 86 (80–92) chromosomes including 6 (4–7) markers, and a various number of double minutes. There were generally even numbers (e.g., 2, 4, etc.) of chromosomes in 17 intact and 3 common marker chromosomes. The t(3;14) and del(14), which had 2 each pers cell genome, were probably formed by the balanced translocation between nos. 3 and 14. Three other markers were single and contained a partial or entire no. 1. The presence of these latter markers was often accompanied by the decrease in the number of the intact no. 1, indicating that no. 1 was the only chromosome actively engaged in rearrangements during this stage of karyotypic diversification. Of the no. 2 and 7q that were over-represented on the per cell level, the 7q had a similar observation from many other solid tumors found in this and other laboratories. In contrast, none of the under-represented chromosomes had the concordant changes consistent to other tumors, although the frequent involvement of no. 9 in the chromosome rearrangements was seen in some human heteroploidies.
High performance active temperature control of a device under test (DUT)

Semiconductor devices typically are tested a number of times during the manufacturing process. Temperature control of the devices under test (DUTs) is critical since the manufacturer needs to ensure the functionality and switching speed of a device over a specified temperature range. An additional challenge is posed in the burn-in portion of semiconductor test, where voltage acceleration dramatically increases device power dissipation. In this paper we describe an active thermal control system which is capable of controlling DUTs with very high power dissipation and has a fast dynamic response. Also described in this paper are a technique to control DUTs that do not have a temperature sensor and a method to determine the quality of the thermal interface between the test head and the DUT.
College students' justification for digital piracy: a mixed methods study

A mixed methods project was devoted to understanding college students’ justification for digital piracy. The project consisted of two studies, a qualitative one and a quantitative one. Qualitative interviews were conducted to identify main themes in students’ justification for digital piracy, and then the findings were tested in a quantitative manner using a different sample. This project thus proposes a model in which quantitative measures are guided by qualitative findings, and qualitative findings are in turn reexamined based on quantitative findings. This project offers a mixed methods model for theory testing in criminology.
Approximate mechanism design without money

The literature on algorithmic mechanism design is mostly concerned with game-theoretic versions of optimization problems to which standard economic money-based mechanisms cannot be applied efficiently. Recent years have seen the design of various truthful approximation mechanisms that rely on payments. In this article, we advocate the reconsideration of highly structured optimization problems in the context of mechanism design. We explicitly argue for the first time that, in such domains, approximation can be leveraged to obtain truthfulness without resorting to payments. This stands in contrast to previous work where payments are almost ubiquitous and (more often than not) approximation is a necessary evil that is required to circumvent computational complexity.We present a case study in approximate mechanism design without money. In our basic setting, agents are located on the real line and the mechanism must select the location of a public facility; the cost of an agent is its distance to the facility. We establish tight upper and lower bounds for the approximation ratio given by strategyproof mechanisms without payments, with respect to both deterministic and randomized mechanisms, under two objective functions: the social cost and the maximum cost. We then extend our results in two natural directions: a domain where two facilities must be located and a domain where each agent controls multiple locations.
A career plundered

Dr. Margaret Bean-Bayog, a Boston psychiatrist, was sued by the Lozano family after a former patient, Paul Lozano, committed suicide. The case was widely and sensationally publicized in the newspapers and other media. A combination of inaccurate reporting, inept proceedings by the Massachusetts Board of Registration in Medicine, and the threat of ruinous legal fees led Dr. Bean-Bayog to surrender her license to practice medicine. Facts that were not reported in the press were described in Dr. Maltsberger's address, delivered on April 15, 1992, at the annual AAS meeting in San Francisco. The implications for therapists attempting to treat seriously suicidal patients in the current hostile forensic climate were further discussed. The text of the address is presented here.
Formation of Stabilized Ketene Intermediates in the Reaction of O(3P) with Oligo(phenylene ethynylene) Thiolate Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au(111)

We have taken steps to develop a methodology for quantifying the kinetics and dynamics of bimolecular reactions through spectroscopic monitoring of reactants and products during exposure of well-ordered self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to supersonic beams of atomic reagents. The use of a SAM stabilizes highly energetic intermediates formed from bimolecular reactions at the vacuum/film interface due to rapid thermal equilibration with the SAM matrix that are otherwise not readily observed under single-collision conditions in the gas phase. In this paper, we will discuss the elucidation of the mechanistic details for the fundamental reaction between O(3P) and phenyl-substituted alkyne bonds by monitoring chemical and structural changes in an oligo(phenylene ethynylene) SAM reacting with O(3P) under collision conditions having specified initial reaction orientation. Utilizing time-resolved reflection–absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) under ultrahigh vacuum condi...