cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Fraudulent Legend: The Myth of the Independent Fed

The idea that the Fed is, and ought to be, independent of politics is part of the ideological legacy of the “Progressive Era” of the early twentieth century. In order to combat the age-old skepticism about government intervention that emanated from the Jeffersonian tradition in American politics (i.e. “that government is best which governs least”), the Progressives used their positions in academe, journalism, and government to wage a crusade against the “spoils system” whereby the managers of government enterprises were typically political patronage appointees (Rothbard 1995). In its place, they argued, should be an army of professionally trained (by Progressive intellectuals) bureaucrats who would in theory serve only “the public interest,” especially if civil service regulations could protect them from political pressures and firings, granting them effective lifetime tenure in their jobs. No longer would the management of government enterprises change hands with every election cycle. That would supposedly assure that government employees would serve the “public interest” and not private political interest.
Directional precision in zinacantec deictic gestures : (cognitive?) preconditions of talk about space

Comparative work on human spatial cognition contrasts systems of calcu- lating position and trajectory that involve body-re lative reckoning - frequently where the body in question is that of an egocentric obser ver - with systems which rely on global coordinates such as compass directions not r elative to the positions and orien- tations of moveable entities. I consider here a cas e - from a Tzotzil speaker from highland Chiapas, Mexico - in which spoken resources for describing spatial relations are less developed than corresponding gestural repr esentations. Previous studies of Tzotzil suggested that expressing spatial relations hips relies, cognitively and interac- tively, on quite precise, absolutely oriented repre sentations of both microspace and distant locations. I describe semi-experimental stu dies designed to examine expressive resources and their conceptual underpinnings. Gestu re provides striking evidence not only about both the specificity of spatial knowledg e, but also about other conceptual operations - transpositions and re-centerings - ava ilable to interactants for communi- cating about such knowledge.
Long-term impacts of variable retention harvesting on ground-layer plant communities in Pinus resinosa forests

Concerns about loss of biodiversity and structural complexity in managed forests have recently increased and led to the development of new management strategies focused on restoring or maintaining ecosystem functions while also providing wood outputs. Variable retention harvest (VRH) systems, in which mature overstorey trees are retained in various spatial arrangements across harvested areas, represent one potential approach to this problem. However, long-term evaluations of the effectiveness of this strategy at sustaining plant community composition are needed as this strategy is increasingly applied in managed forest landscapes throughout the world. The forest ground layer plays a central role in forest ecosystem functioning, and we evaluated the long-term (11+ year) dynamics in ground-layer plant communities in response to VRH study in Pinus resinosa Aiton. forests. This large-scale, manipulative study included four overstorey (control, small gap-aggregated, large gap-aggregated and dispersed) and two understorey (ambient and reduced shrubs) treatments replicated four times in 16-ha stands. Changes in ground-layer community composition were apparent 11 years following harvest, regardless of live-tree retention pattern. Richness and diversity increased and were driven by introduction and colonization of ruderal species, while forest interior species continued to persist across treatments. All life-forms responded positively to harvest with the exception of moss and clubmoss species. The lack of effect of spatial pattern of retention on ground-layer plant communities was likely related to the presence of a dense and persistent shrub layer, a result of decades of fire suppression. In particular, the greatest responses to overstorey retention pattern occurred in areas receiving shrub reduction treatments, indicating this recalcitrant layer likely filtered response to retention pattern. Synthesis and applications. Overall, this work highlights flexibility in choosing a variable retention harvest approach when sustaining ground-layer plant community diversity and composition are goals, but altered disturbance regimes (e.g. fire suppression, timber harvesting) that have facilitated the presence or formation of recalcitrant understories, need to be considered. The legacy effects of historical land use and alterations to natural disturbance regimes on the understorey in northern temperate forests are of equal, if not greater, importance to overstorey retention patterns in eliciting desired responses to variable retention harvest and need to be more carefully considered in future applications of this method.
Multiple Mini-Interview Performance Predicts Academic Difficulty in the PharmD Curriculum.

Objective. To identify admissions variable prognostics for academic difficulty in the PharmD curriculum to use for admissions determinations and early identification of at-risk students. Methods. Retrospective multivariate analysis of 2008-2012 admission data were linked with academic records to identify students with academic difficulty (ie, those with Ds, Fs, delayed progression). The influence of prepharmacy grade point average (GPA), composite Pharmacy College Admission Test (PCAT) score, multiple-mini interview (MMI) score, age, credit hours, state residence, and prior degree on academic difficulty was estimated using multivariate logistic regression. Results. Students' (n=587) prepharmacy GPA, composite PCAT score, mean MMI score, and age were 3.6, 72.0, 5.5, 22.8 (SD=4.14 years), respectively. Students having a GPA 90, or MMI score of 5-6. Conclusion. Using GPA, PCAT, and MMI performance can predict academic difficulty and assist in the early identification of academically at-risk PharmD students.
A New Hysterium from Illinois

Most, if not all, of the known species of Hysterium are believed to be saprophytic. The attention they receive is small, for even the confirmed mycologist, with his studies directed toward parasitic fungi as an economic justification for his occupation, finds little time to devote to this kind of fungus. However valid such an attitude may be, it is true that species of Hysterium and other fungi of a similar habit do have a useful role in the eventual return of plant parts to the soil from whence they came. In the unending evolution of plants from the soil, and the return to the earth of its own substance enriched and expanded through its change to organic material, the last great process falls to the lot of fungi and bacteria. Theirs is the task of reduction from conventional plant form to crumbled humus. What the whole process is must remain unknown for a long time, but occasional observations may add to our knowledge from time to time. The writers present this account with the intention of recording one more of the many species of fungi concerned in this task. Of the species of Hysterium immediately available to us in exsiccati, all are bark inhabiting. H. pulicare Pers. with its several varieties is apparently limited to a bark habitat. Undoubtedly these fungi, whose characteristic habitat is the bark of dead or fallen trees, function in a real degree in the ultimate decay of the bark tissues of many of our forest trees. On May 12, 1923, P. A. Young visited White Heath, in Piatt County, Illinois, for the purpose of collecting parasitic fungi. During his search he observed a fallen and nearly decomposed sycamore log, some of the bark of which was covered with the apothecia of an hysteriaceous fungus. This material was brought to our laboratory and subjected to microscopic examination in order to check up its agreement with a preliminary determination as Hysterium pulicare Pers. The examination, while demonstrating that the fungus was clearly a species of Hysterium, revealed 30
Natural Convection in an Enclosed Cavity with Conjugate Effects Using Fuzzy Logic

Acontroller algorithmusing a predefined set of fuzzy rules is implemented for fast convergence of a computational fluid dynamics simulation in an enclosed cavity. Relaxation factors are adjusted using the rule set to heuristically guide the iterative scheme towards convergence. Themodel problem of natural convection in an inclined rectangular cavity is analyzed using this scheme. To test the efficacy of the fuzzy logic guidancemethod, finite thickness walls with conjugate heat transfer are imposed. Governing equations of continuity, momentum, and energy in laminar flow are solved using a finite difference method. The performance of the controller is compared with that of the simulation with constant relaxation factors. Overall, the number of iterations required for the controller algorithm using fuzzy logic is comparable to the number of iterations obtained using constant relaxation factors. However, six cases of high Grashof number and high tilt angle, which do not converge with any fixed relaxation factor, can be solved using the fuzzy controller. The probability of convergence with the controller is higher than it is when using a fixed relaxation factor.
Pseudoloma neurophilia Infection Combined with Gamma Irradiation Causes Increased Mortality in Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Compared to Infection or Irradiation Alone: New Implications for Studies Involving Immunosuppression

Gamma irradiation is commonly used as a bone marrow suppressant in studies of the immune system and hematopoiesis, most commonly in mammals. With the rising utility and popularity of the zebrafish (Danio rerio), gamma irradiation is being used for similar studies in this species. Pseudoloma neurophilia, a microparasite and common contaminant of zebrafish facilities, generally produces subclinical disease. However, like other microsporidia, P. neurophilia is a disease of opportunity and can produce florid infections with high morbidity and mortality, secondary to stress or immune suppression. In this study, we exposed zebrafish to combinations of P. neurophilia infection and gamma irradiation to explore the interaction between this immunosuppressive experimental modality and a normally subclinical infection. Zebrafish infected with P. neurophilia and exposed to gamma irradiation exhibited higher mortality, increased parasite loads, and increased incidences of myositis and extraneural parasite infections than fish exposed either to P. neurophilia or gamma irradiation alone. This experiment highlights the devastating effects of opportunistic diseases on immunosuppressed individuals and should caution researchers utilizing immunosuppressive modalities to carefully monitor their stocks to ensure that their experimental animals are not infected.
Assessment of incident intensity on laser speckle contrast imaging using a nematic liquid crystal spatial light modulator(Conference Presentation)

In this work the effects of incident intensity and effective camera dynamic range on image acquisition of both frozen and time-averaged dynamic speckle patterns, and their effects on laser speckle contrast imaging are addressed. A nematic liquid crystal, phase-only, spatial light modulator (SLM) was employed to generate laser speckle in a controlled and repeatable fashion. By addressing the calculated spatial contrast of frozen and time-averaged dynamic speckle patterns imaged across a wide range of intensities, we present a description of optimum intensity characteristics that should be observed when using LSCI. The results indicate the importance of assessing the intensity of the signal quantized by the camera in LSCI. By analyzing intensity PDF’s during image acquisition of speckle patterns used in LSCI, an optimum incident intensity can be detected when a single, polarized speckle frame displays the first order statistics characteristic of fully developed speckle. Our results indicate that there is a range of laser power densities where the ensuing imaged speckle exhibit optimum sensitivity to flow as well as relatively constant calculated contrast values. It is clear that at high intensities, high frequency information is lost due to camera saturation, resulting in a decrease in contrast. When imaging speckle at low intensity, there is a risk for loss of data during the digital quantization process. The results are presented in a generalized fashion, so they should be applicable to any LSCI system, regardless of incident laser power or camera depth.
Analysis on the Incidences of Four Kinds of Chronic Diseases in Kunshan City in 2007

[Objective]To study the prevalence situation of chronic diseases,provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of four kinds of chronic diseases(malignant carcinoma,stroke,diabetes and coronary artery disease).[Methods]The data of chronic diseases were analyzed,which base on annual report on chronic diseases in Kunshan city in 2007.[Results] The morbidity of four kinds of chronic diseases was 702.04/lakh,that of male and female was 773.47/lakh and 631.24/lakh respectively,and the morbidity of male was higher than that of female.The morbidity of chronic diseases showed upward tendency with age increase.[Conclusion]The morbidity of chronic diseases was increasing year by year,with the highest morbidity shown in the elder.Therefore,the major public health problem on prevention and control of diseases is taking effective control to reduce the morbidity of chronic diseases.
Influence of Stage Wushu Performance on the Spread of Chinese Wushu in America

In recent years,stage Wushu performance is an effective pathway for international spread and development of Chinese Wushu.Adopting the research methods of literature review,expert interview,field research and logic analysis,the present thesis sets to define the concepts,classify the forms of stage Wushu performance and discuss the influence of stage Wushu performance on the spread of Chinese Wushu in America.Stage Wushu performance has not only promoted economic development but also made Chinese Wushu acquired much more extensive and rapid spread.The appearance of such a form has broadened the spreading channel of Chinese Wushu.
Stability of the Multichannel Comparator for Heavy Direct Current

The Stability of the multichannel comparator for heavy direct current is studied.An air gap between two channels can counteract remnant magnetic field in iron core.Every channel based on double magnetic detector sensing theory is an independent direct current comparator.The element in the first list of Routh array is positive value.It is can be judged that the closed loop system of multichannel comparator for direct current is stable.Every channel of the multichannel comparator for heavy direct current can run stably.The channel will not close anytime.
Treating leukemia in children.

Developments in chemotherapy have brightened the leukemic child's future. Drug combinations and supportive measures have prolonged life and increased remission periods. Emphasis is now placed on total eradication of the leukemic cell population. New drugs and combinations of drugs and new forms of treatment are being investigated in hope that a cure might be found.
Let's Get Physical: Thinking with Things in Architectural Design.

To study the cognitive role that tangible objects play in design thinking, we gave 17 architects and novice students a set of blocks and asked them to design their dream house. Although the blocks seem simple they are filled with perceptual surprises. We regard manipulating blocks as a form of physical thinking because through interaction designers increase the dimensionality of their design space. This happens because a) perceptual ambiguity leads to multiple semantics multiple ways of identifying what shapes are out there, and b) kinesthetic and other forms of non-visual interaction enables designers to feel inertia, mass, force and gravity and thereby encounter blocks and their relations in additional ways. The effects of tangibility and enactive forms of perception is that the design space expands, often leading architects to more divergent thinking. Physical interaction broadens the basis of creativity.
Absence of DNA synthesis in one-half of a population of mammalian tumor cells inhibited in culture by 5-lodo-2-deoxyuridine.

After a single doubling in culture with 5-iodo-29-deoxyuridine (2 x 10-4 M), about one-half of a population of murine mast tumor cells (P815Y) fails to carry out DNA synthesis, as evidenced by the lack of grain formation in radioautographs of the cells after incubation in medium with 3H-thymidine. These findings support the conclusion that only about one-half of the hybrid DNA of such a culture can replicate.
Fourier Transform Emission Spectroscopy of the F2Σ+–X2Σ+ System of RuN

Abstract Emission spectra of RuN have been recorded at high resolution in the region 12 000–35 000 cm −1 using a Fourier transform spectrometer. The molecules were excited in a ruthenium hollow cathode lamp in the presence of about 2.5 Torr of Ne and 5 m Torr of N 2 . New bands with origins near 17 758.1, 18 866.4, 19 800.4 and 20 721.5 cm −1 have been assigned as the 0–1, 0–0, 1–0, and 2–0 bands of a new 2 Σ + – 2 Σ + system with the lower state as the ground state. This transition has been labeled as F 2 Σ + – X 2 Σ + , with the F 2 Σ + state arising from the 1σ 2 2σ 2 1π 4 1δ 4 4σ 1 configuration. A rotational analysis of these bands has been carried out and spectroscopic constants have been extracted. The principal equilibrium constants for the ground state of RuN are Δ G (1/2)″=1108.3235(22) cm −1 , B e ″=0.5545023(42) cm −1 , α e ″=0.0034468(57) cm −1 , r e ″=1.5714269(60) A, while the equilibrium constants for the excited state are ω e ′=946.8471(40) cm −1 , ω e x e ′=6.4229(14) cm −1 , B e ′=0.50085(21) cm −1 , α e ′=0.00375(10) cm −1 , r e ′=1.65345(34) A. This transition is analogous to the E 2 Σ + – X 2 Σ + system of RhC (W. J. Balfour et al. , J. Mol. Spectrosc. 198, 393 (1999)).
Within the Sound of Silence

The Simon and Garfunkel classic, “The Sound of Silence,” criticizes silence that perpetuates oppression. Living amid familiar darkness, people struggle to hear others screaming for recognition. Social movements, some of which have used this song, have slowly changed the faces of oppression.
On the taxonomic status of Cycnorhamphus and Gallodactylus (Pterosauria: Pterodactyloidea)

One of the rarest pterosaurs from the Upper Jurassic Solnhofen Limestone of southern Germany is Pterodactylus suevicus. Only two specimens are known: the holotype, consisting of a virtually complete skeleton described by Quenstedt (1855); and a second specimen, consisting of only postcranial elements described by Wagner (1858) and lost during World War II (Wellnhofer, 1970). Seeley (1870) noted that P. suevicus differed from P. antiquus, the type species of Pterodactylus, in a number of significant points. Therefore, he placed P. suevicus in a new genus, Cycnorhamphus. Seeley (1870:111) gave the following diagnosis of Cycnorhamphus: “Nares very small, looking upward from a swan-like beak. The middle hole of the skull very large and elongated and lateral. Neck long. Wing-metacarpal long. Four joints in wing-finger. Ilium widening in front. Epipubic bones meeting mesially. The type is Pterodactylus suevicus (Quenstedt).” The character “nares very small” was the result of a misinterpretation of depressions on the premaxillae that probably resulted from crushing, and “middle hole of the skull” referred to the confluent naris and antorbital fenestra, which Seeley apparently considered the antorbital fenestra alone.
The Outputs, Outcomes and Impacts of Research Collaboration

In this chapter we consider impacts in three inter-related categories, impacts on knowledge-focused products, impacts on property-focused products and impacts on scientific and technical human capital (or “capacity-building products”). With respect to the first two categories, we recognize that outputs from a great many research projects and collaborative efforts have both property and knowledge goals. Nevertheless, this distinction retains analytical convenience, in part because it is reflected in much of the literature.
Assessing the hydroxyl radical and volatilization roles in aquatic fate estimations of sulfur heterocycles: Dibenzothiophene derivatives.

Polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs) and their alkyl derivatives can be released into aquatic systems via crude oil spills or runoff from petroleum-treated areas, such as asphalt. Dibenzothiophene (DBT) and its derivatives (C1-DBT, C2-DBT, and C4-DBT) were chosen as model compounds to investigate the relative impact of volatilization and hydroxyl radical degradation on estimates of their overall dissipation after entry into aquatic ecosystems as a function of depth using the exposure analysis modeling system (EXAMS). The hydroxyl radical rate constant (K · OH ) and Henry's law constant of PASHs were determined in distilled water. The analogue C1-DBT reacted fastest with · OH relative to other PASHs. The C2-DBT and C4-DBT analogues had higher Henry's law constants compared with other derivatives. Steric hindrance by alkyl substituents on the sulfur moiety most strongly impacted measured rate and Henry's law constants between DBT and individual alkyl derivatives. These steric effects do not appear to be considered in the physical property estimation software EPI Suite. Simulated dissipation of PASHs using EXAMS suggests that volatilization is a dominant fate pathway for the higher molecular weight and less polar C2-DBT and C4-DBT at all depths and DBT and C1-DBT at 0.1-m. However, model scenarios suggest that hydroxyl radical degradation may significantly contribute to the degradation of more polar DBT and C1-DBT at 1-m and 2-m depths. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1998-2004. © 2017 SETAC.
Efficient Access to Chiral Trisubstituted Aziridines via Catalytic Enantioselective Aza-Darzens Reactions

Herein, we report a Zn-ProPhenol catalyzed aza-Darzens reaction using chlorinated aromatic ketones as nucleophilic partners for the efficient and enantioselective construction of complex trisubstituted aziridines. The α-chloro-β-aminoketone intermediates featuring a chlorinated tetrasubstituted stereocenter can be isolated in high yields and selectivities for further derivatization. Alternatively, they can be directly transformed to the corresponding aziridines in a one-pot fashion. Of note, the reaction can be run on gram-scale with low catalyst loading without impacting its efficiency. Moreover, this methodology was extended to α-bromoketones which are scarcely used in enantioselective catalysis because of their sensitivity and lack of accessibility.
A categorification of U T.sl.1j1// and its tensor product representations

We define the Hopf superalgebra UT .sl.1j1// , which is a variant of the quantum supergroup Uq.sl.1j1// , and its representations V n 1 for n>0 . We construct families of DG algebras A , B and Rn , and consider the DG categories DGP.A/ , DGP.B/ and DGP.Rn/ , which are full DG subcategories of the categories of DG A–, B – and Rn –modules generated by certain distinguished projective modules. Their 0th homology categories HP.A/ , HP.B/ and HP.Rn/ are triangulated and give algebraic formulations of the contact categories of an annulus, a twice punctured disk and an n times punctured disk. Their Grothendieck groups are isomorphic to UT .sl.1j1// , UT .sl.1j1// ZUT .sl.1j1// and V n 1 , respectively. We categorify the multiplication and comultiplication on UT .sl.1j1// to a bifunctor HP.A/ HP.A/! HP.A/ and a functor HP.A/! HP.B/ , respectively. The UT .sl.1j1//–action on V n 1 is lifted to a bifunctor HP.A/ HP.Rn/! HP.Rn/ .
Serum high mobility group box 1 protein levels are not associated with either histological severity or treatment response in children and adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Aim Serum high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a proinflammatory molecule that could potentially serve as a biomarker for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) due to its correlation with degree of liver fibrosis. The aim of the current study was to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between serum HMGB1 levels and liver histology in adults and children with NAFLD participating in two large randomized controlled trials. Methods Serum HMGB1 levels were measured at various time points in adults and children with NAFLD, who participated in PIVENS and TONIC clinical trials respectively. PIVENS trial compared vitamin E or pioglitazone to placebo in adults whereas TONIC trial compared vitamin E or metformin to placebo in children. Participants had liver biopsies at baseline and the end of treatment (96 weeks), and liver histology was reviewed by a central committee of study pathologists. Results In the cross-sectional analyses (n = 205 for PIVENS and 109 for TONIC), there was no significant relationship between serum HMGB1 levels and histological features such as steatosis, ballooning, inflammation, fibrosis, or presence of steatohepatitis in either adults or children. Serum HMGB1 levels did not change significantly during treatment either with placebo, vitamin E therapy (P = 0.81) or pioglitazone (P = 0.09) in the PIVENS trial. Similarly, serum HMGB1 levels did not change significantly during treatment either with placebo, metformin (P = 0.15) or vitamin E (P = 0.23) in the TONIC trial. In the longitudinal analyses (n = 105 for PIVENS and 109 for TONIC), changes in serum HMGB1 levels did not correlate with histologic improvement or resolution of NASH in either adults or children. There was no relationship between serum HMGB1 and ALT levels in either adults or children with NAFLD. Conclusion Serum HMGB1 levels were not associated with histological severity or treatment response in either children or adults with NAFLD.
Curating and re-curating the American war in Vietnam:

The American war in Vietnam killed 58,000 US military personnel and millions of people on the ground, creating a troubling war legacy that has been ‘resolved’ in the USA through state strategies to efface military mortalities. Drawing on Charlotte Heath-Kelly’s work addressing mortality denied or ignored in the field of international relations and that of Andrew Bacevich and Christian Appy on American militarism, I explore the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, DC, as a site of war re-curations that refuse the effacement of mortality and disrupt the militarist myths that sustain it – namely, that America is renewed and revitalized through war, and that soldiers live on as American heroes when they sacrifice for the country. With the Vietnam Syndrome long since replaced by insistence on loving all soldiers, even if not all the country’s wars, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial is dedicated to remembering those who were not publicly acknowledged for fighting and dying in America’s failed war. Assemblages o...
From the Editor—The Measure of Our Society

(2011). From the Editor—The Measure of Our Society. Journal of Public Affairs Education: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. ii-iv.
Organization of Peptidergic Afferents to the Striatum

Radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemical methods have shown that the striatum contains some of the highest levels of various neuropeptides. Among these, enkephalin, dynorphin and substance P have been localized within the efferent projection neurons of the striatum, and somatostatin and neuropeptide Y within the interneuronal system of the striatum (Graybiel and Ragsdale, 1983). Although there is considerable body of knowledge of the organization of peptidergic neurons intrinsic to the striatum, information concerning the various sources of peptidergic afferents to the striatum and their organization within the striatum is fragmentary. In the following chapter we discuss the possible sources of peptidergic afferents to the striatum. The emphasis will be on those peptides whose distribution pattern in the central nervous system has been studied extensively and on those peptides that have been the focus of study in our laboratory.
Mucosal neuromas of tongue and lips: a diagnostic clue to MEN2B

A 19 year old man with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2B) presented for follow-up at the endocrine clinic. The patient had a characteristic MEN2B phenotype; tongue lesions (fig 1), tall stature, …
A Systematic Study of Selective Protein Glycation

Glycation is a non-enzymatic post-translational modification (PTM) that remains poorly understood, largely because it is unknown how it occurs selectively. Using mass spectrometry, it was possible to evaluate total glycation levels, identify distinct glycated products, assign unique glycation sites, and correlate these data with chemical and structural features for a panel of proteins glycated in vitro. It was determined that the extent of glycation does not correlate with pKa or surface exposure at reactive sites. Rather, the data reveal that primary sequence dictates the overall likelihood that a site will become glycated, while surrounding structure further sculpts the glycation outcome. Clustered acidic residues were found to prevent glycation, whereas a combination of tyrosine and polar residues appear to promote glycation. This work contributes important new knowledge about the molecular features that govern selective glycation.
American Psychological Association Guidelines for Clinical Supervision: Competency-Based Implications for Supervisees:

The American Psychological Association’s “Guidelines for Clinical Supervision in Health Service Psychology,” as well as the extant supervision literature, focus on supervisees’ competencies in thei...
High-throughput determination of in vivo DNA sequence preferences for Cas protein binding using Library-ChIP.

Abstract The specificity of CRISPR–Cas systems for nucleic acid targets is determined by a combination of binding and cleavage. Understanding the mechanisms by which Cas proteins specifically select their targets is critical for the development of CRISPR–Cas systems for biotechnology applications. Moreover, the specificity of CRISPR–Cas systems plays an important role in prokaryote evolution due to its role in distinguishing self from nonself. Here, I describe Library-ChIP, a high-throughput method for measuring Cas protein occupancy at many DNA sequence variants in a native prokaryotic host. Library-ChIP can be used to identify the determinants of specificity for Cas protein binding to nucleic acid targets.
Innovative Use of Transportation Enhancement Funds to Develop a Historical Archive and Digital Database

In 2004, concerned employees of the Iowa Department of Transportation, with management approval, formed a committee that sought to identify, preserve, and provide access to the historic photo and d...
Reporting of surgical response to disasters in low-income and middle-income countries: a literature review

Abstract Background Natural and man-made disasters can overwhelm the capacity of surgical systems in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Most studies addressing peri-disaster surgical care focus on international relief efforts rather than on how disasters stress local surgical capacity. Our understanding of factors that affect the ability of health systems to absorb increased volume and case-complexity is poor. We conducted a structured literature review to identify whether components of capacity were reported as part of surge response in local surgical care after disasters. Methods We searched PubMed and Medline databases for articles published between January, 2008, and August, 2018, using English language search terms for LMICs, surgery, and disasters. We extracted information about the WHO region, disaster classification, and the components of surge capacity using the 4S framework: Staff (human resources), Stuff (equipment/supplies), Space (infrastructure), and Systems (logistics). The 4S components were further classified by data quality into the following categories: quantitative description, qualitative description, or no description. Findings We identified 7704 articles but after applying exclusion criteria, including foreign aid response, we selected 84 articles for analysis. Most articles (59/84 [70%]) described earthquakes and 40/84 (48%) reported events in the Western Pacific region. Using the 4S framework, we identified articles that reported quantitative data: 16 (19%) for Staff, 3 (4%) for Stuff, 21 (25%) for Space, and 9 (11%) for Systems. Despite a low threshold for quantitative categorisation, only 1/84 (1%) articles described all four components with quantitative data. By comparison, 51/84 (61%) articles provide no quantitative data on any of the four components. Interpretation There is no organised framework for evaluation of surgical surge capacity in disasters. Our analysis shows that there are very few descriptions of capacity within disaster literature and a limited understanding of LMIC health system response to surges in surgical volume. Without a structured framework to collect data on health system response, we miss opportunities to identify and strengthen areas of insufficient capacity. We encourage the incorporation of quantitative surgical metrics when reporting outcomes after disaster response, and propose the 4S framework as a conceptual model for reporting such metrics and understanding the surgical system response to disasters. Funding None.
Self-reported hearing difficulty and its association with general, cognitive, and psychosocial health in the state of Arizona, 2015.

Hearing loss is among the leading causes of disability in persons 65 years and older worldwide and is known to have an impact on quality of life as well as social, cognitive, and physical functioning. Our objective was to assess statewide prevalence of self-reported hearing ability in Arizona adults and its association with general health, cognitive decline, diabetes and poor psychosocial health. A self-report question on hearing was added to the 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a telephone-based survey among community-dwelling adults aged > 18 years (n = 6462). Logistic and linear regression were used to estimate the associations between self-reported hearing loss and health outcomes. Approximately 1 in 4 adults reported trouble hearing (23.2, 95% confidence interval: 21.8, 24.5%), with responses ranging from “a little trouble hearing” to being “deaf.” Adults reporting any trouble hearing were at nearly four times higher odds of reporting increased confusion and memory loss (OR 3.92, 95% CI: 2.94, 5.24) and decreased odds of reporting good general health (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.64) as compared to participants reporting no hearing difficulty. Those reporting any trouble hearing also reported an average 2.5 more days of poor psychosocial health per month (β = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.64, 3.41). After adjusting for sex, age, questionnaire language, race/ethnicity, and income category the association between diabetes and hearing loss was no longer significant. Self-reported hearing difficulty was associated with report of increased confusion and memory loss and poorer general and psychosocial health among Arizona adults. These findings support the feasibility and utility of assessing self-reported hearing ability on the BRFSS. Results highlight the need for greater inclusion of the full range of hearing disability in the planning process for public health surveillance, programs, and services at state and local levels.
Understanding the Interaction Between High-Stakes Graduation Tests and English Learners

Background/ContextThe prevailing theory of action underlying No Child Left Behind's high-stakes testing and accountability ratings is that schools and students held accountable to these measures wi...
The Effects of Froude Number on a Turbulent Boundary Layer with a Free-Surface

We present direct numerical simulations of a temporally developing turbulent boundary layer along a moving flat plate piercing through the free surface. The influence of the Froude number on the results is examined. We confirm the findings in the literature, that the vorticity and secondary flows generated at the free surface for low Froude numbers ($Fr\sim 0$) is primarily due to anisotropy of the normal Reynolds stresses. At intermediate Froude numbers however, the vorticity generated at the free surface is related to the curvature of the interface, and is directly injected in the outer and logarithmic portions of the turbulent boundary layer. This has an impact on its overall structure with increased levels of turbulent kinetic energy production. The deformable interface results in changes to the velocity distribution in the near-surface region and loss of self-similarity within the log-law region of the boundary layer.
The impact of airborne pollution on atopic dermatitis: a literature review

The increasing prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) parallels a global rise in industrialization and urban living over recent decades. This shift in lifestyle is accompanied by greater cutaneous exposure to environmental pollutants during the course of daily activities. The objectives of this review are to highlight the effects of airborne pollution on epidermal barrier function, examine evidence on the relationship between pollutants and AD, synthesize a proposed mechanism for pollution-induced exacerbation of AD, and identify potential methods for the reduction and prevention of pollutant-induced skin damage. The literature review was done by searching the PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar databases. Inclusion criteria were in vitro and animal studies, clinical trials and case series. Non-English-language publications, review articles and case reports were excluded. Pollutants induce cutaneous oxidative stress and have been shown to damage skin barrier integrity by altering transepidermal water loss, inflammatory signalling, stratum corneum pH and the skin microbiome. AD represents a state of inherent barrier dysfunction, and both long- and short-term pollutant exposure have been linked to exacerbation of AD symptoms and increased AD rates in population studies. Airborne pollutants have a detrimental effect on skin barrier integrity and AD symptoms, and appear to pose a multifaceted threat in AD through several parallel mechanisms, including oxidative damage, barrier dysfunction, immune stimulation and propagation of the itch-scratch cycle. Future research is needed to elucidate specific mechanisms of pollution-induced epidermal barrier dysfunction and to identify efficacious methods of skin barrier repair and protection against pollutant-driven damage.
Does Care at a Trauma Center Affect Geriatric Hip Fracture Patients

Introduction:With respect to care setting, there are mixed results in the literature with respect to the role of trauma centers in management of isolated geriatric hip fractures. During a transitio...
Understanding Health Disparities in Cardiovascular Diseases in Pregnancy Among Black Women: Prevalence, Preventive Care, and Peripartum Support Networks

Black women have higher morbidity and mortality in pregnancy and postpartum, as compared with women of other races/ethnicities, including white and Hispanic women. Pregnancy-associated deaths are rising in the USA and are higher than in other developed nations. Pregnancy-associated mortality rates are disproportionately higher among non-Hispanic black women. The purpose of this paper is to (1) review the current literature regarding pregnancy-associated cardiovascular disease prevalence in black women compared with women of other races/ethnicities, (2) review proposed factors contributing to these health disparities, and (3) discuss potential avenues to address these disparities in the name of reproductive justice. There is a paucity of data regarding factors contributing to disparities in health among black pregnant women, but it is clear that these cannot be fully explained by differences in socioeconomic backgrounds, access to health insurance, or healthcare literacy. Additionally, although some cardiovascular-related pregnancy mortality etiologies such as hemorrhage, pulmonary embolism, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are decreasing in incidence, other pregnancy-associated cardiovascular diseases and cardiomyopathy rates are increasing. Although the pathophysiology behind peripartum cardiomyopathy is still unclear, its prevalence is high among black women. Studies are lacking probing the influence of psychosocial factors on patient-provider relationships and patient-centered decision-making among black women during pregnancy and postpartum. Black women disproportionately experience higher pregnancy-related cardiovascular morbidity and mortality compared with white women. More studies are needed to fill the gap in the literature data regarding the causes of this significant health disparity. A better understanding of the various factors driving these maternal health disparities could inform the development of holistic, multifaceted approaches to caring for black women in pregnancy and postpartum. Continued dialog—among healthcare professionals, patients, and their allies—is important to promote advocacy and to improve patient-provider relationships.
Maladie de Paget du mamelon

Resume Cet article rapporte le cas d’une patiente atteinte d’une maladie de Paget du mamelon associee a un cancer sous-jacent de diagnostic difficile.
Moving out of the here and now: An examination of frame shifts during microteaching

Abstract Microteaching is a widely adopted instructional task in teaching methods courses. While microteaching results in promotion of self-reflection and professional development among teacher candidates, there is a relative lack of understanding of the microteaching process itself. Use of a video-recorded microteaching session as data, this conversation analytic study examines how frame shifts are used as an interactional resource to manage trouble during instruction. The analyses demonstrate that the teacher addresses student trouble displays, which lead to a halt in the progressivity of the unfolding instructional activity, in two ways: (1) the teacher shifts out of the microteaching frame to address the participants as her peers in the larger classroom context, and (2) she extends the microteaching frame to highlight the discrepancy between the current frame and actual teaching. The findings have implications for implementing microteaching in teacher education.
Aesthetic Notes on Ornamented Lives

Underlying and informing Valsiner’s conceptually and aesthetically rich Ornamented Lives is an indispensable philosophical and semiotic stratum: Peirce’s and Langer’s semiotics and James’s account of consciousness in his Principles of Psychology. Neither Peirce nor James, unlike Langer, developed an explicit aesthetics. John Dewey, cognizant of and incorporating the work of Peirce and James, did exactly that in his classic Art as Experience. Dewey’s work is merely mentioned, but not exploited, in Ornamented Lives. However, his aesthetic theory offers precise and nuanced supplementations, extensions, and supports for the analytical framework and conclusions of Valsiner’s deeply provocative volume. Dewey showed, anticipating Valsiner’s central concern, that “esthetic experience is experience in its integrity… To esthetic experience, then, the philosopher must go to understand what experience is.” My remarks trace a web of exemplifying linkages between Dewey and the Peirce-James-Langer triad that plays such a central role in Valsiner’s engrossing reflections on the philosophical import and dimensions of ornamentation.
Electronic Structure of Solid-State Systems via the Divide-and-Conquer Method

Many phenomena and processes in solid-state systems involve a large number of atoms and thus present challenging problems for first-principle electronic structure calculations. Such extended systems include crystalline solids with large number of atoms in a unit cell, reconstructed surfaces, defects in crystals, and adsorption and chemical reactions on surfaces. Most of the current first-principle electronic structure calculations for solid-state systems are based on the Kohn-Sham version of the density functional theory (Hohenberg and Kohn 1964, Kohn and Sham 1965, Levy and Perdew 1985). The computational effort of the Kohn-Sham theory scales as the cubic of the number of atoms. It therefore has a severe limitation on the size of the system which can be studied.
Equilibrium under Selection

Selection, as we have defined it, changes allele frequencies, resulting in corresponding changes in frequencies of genotypes. Equilibrium cannot exist if allele frequencies are changing, because allele frequency changes change the frequencies of genotypes.
Queering America: Joy Harjo's Vision of Radical Contingency

Queer theory informed by Judith Butler and Michel Foucault analyzes how compulsory heterosexuality is held in place by repetitive, almost ritualistic, gender acts or performative codes inscribed in bodies or by specific disciplinary practices articulated not only in institutions but in the discourses of institutions, social agencies, statistical studies and medical knowledge. This complex enforcing of sexual discipline occurs in diffuse and invasive ways and finds particular power in prescribed national narratives that validate specific sexual identities for citizens. Critics like Mary Russo, Doris Sommer, and Nira Yuval-Davis have shown how contemporary national narratives are based on specific genealogies of the patriarchal family that are punitive to "deviant" sexualities and rewarding to patriotic reproductive practices and beliefs.
BIOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF PHOSPHORUS IN SOIL

Mathematical expressions were developed for calculating (1) the availability of soil phosphorus and nonradioactive inorganic fertilizer phosphorus to soil organisms, the measurements being expressed in terms of a standard source of inorganic phosphorus containing P32 added to the soil prior to incubation, and (2) the amounts of synthesized and mineralized organic phosphorus present in soils after incubation. Analytical procedures for obtaining the necessary data were described.
Changing faculty perceptions and perspectives: A case study at a private, Midwestern, liberal arts university

This research was comprised of a case study conducted at Grand View University to determine faculty perceptions and perspectives of outcomes related to a Title III grantfunded, professional development program. The conceptual framework for the study was based on a systematic process called the logic model (W. K. Kellogg Foundation, 2004). A goal-free evaluation technique developed by Scriven in 1972 (Scriven, 1974) was the method utilized for conducting a utilization-focused evaluation (Patton, 1997). These evaluation processes were conducted through the use of semi-structured interviews of two focus groups and four key informants to determine the short-, medium-, and long-term outcomes of the program at this private, Midwestern, liberal arts university. Findings from the interviews revealed that the long-term effects on the university included a renewal of faculty commitment to teaching. Faculty involvement in professional development activities is now being used in hiring, promotion, and tenure decisions. In addition, there is a sustained retention of students, and classroom technology has become an expectation of the faculty.