cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Ultraviolet B-induced Phosphorylation of Histone H3 at Serine 10 by Fyn Kinase

Ultraviolet B (UVB) induces phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine 10, and mitogen-activated protein kinases are involved in this signal transduction pathway. Here we provide evidence that Fyn kinase, a member of the Src kinase family, is involved in the UVB-induced phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine 10. UVB distinctly increased Fyn kinase activity and phosphorylation. Fyn kinase inhibitors 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7(t-butyl)pyrazol(3,4-d)pyramide and leflunomide, an Src kinase inhibitor, suppressed both UVB-induced phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine 10 and Fyn kinase activity and phosphorylation. UVB-induced phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine 10 was blocked by either a dominant-negative mutant of Fyn (DNM-Fyn) kinase or small interfering RNA of Fyn kinase. UVB-induced phosphorylation and activities of ERKs and protein kinase B/Akt were markedly inhibited by DNM-Fyn kinase. However, DNM-Fyn kinase did not inhibit UVB-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK or c-Jun N-terminal kinases. Active Fyn kinase phosphorylated histone H3 at serine 10 in vitro, and the phosphorylated Fyn kinase could translocate into the nucleus of HaCaT cells. These results indicate that Fyn kinase plays a key role in the UVB-induced phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine 10.
TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF LINEAR BIRTH–DEATH PROCESSES WITH IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION

Linear birth–death processes with immigration and emigration are major models in the study of population processes of biological and ecological systems, and their transient analysis is important in the understanding of the structural behavior of such systems. The spectral method has been widely used for solving these processes; see, for example, Karlin and McGregor [11]. In this article, we provide an alternative approach: the method of characteristics. This method yields a Volterra-type integral equation for the chance of extinction and an explicit formula for the z-transform of the transient distribution. These results allow us to obtain closed-form solutions for the transient behavior of several cases that have not been previously explicitly presented in the literature.
Endovascular Approaches to Pial Arteriovenous Malformations

Endovascular approaches to arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are often necessary to define and help treat these often complex lesions. Angiography provides important information to help plan surgical or radiosurgical approaches. Modern embolization techniques allow AVMs to be treated with the goals of making surgery safer and easier, eliminating high-risk features in patients with AVMs who are otherwise not candidates for treatment, and even potentially curing the patient of the lesion. Liquid embolic agents have significantly advanced what is possible with endovascular treatment of AVMs.
Bias in the Arts and the Sciences

So far I have merely introduced the set of seven methodological tools that I propose to employ for the analysis of style. I shall now begin their systematic exposition by indicating the wide variety of cultural products — both in the arts and in the sciences — to which, as I hold, these tools are applicable. I shall first show that our seven axes are reflected in non-verbal, as well as in verbal, media. For this purpose I shall cite some examples from the field of painting. Next I propose to show, by means of examples drawn from the social and physical sciences,, that these same biases operate in empirical and factual types of inquiry as well as in the more expressive media of literature and the arts. Finally, since I want to show that the effect of bias is not confined to one particular time period, I shall draw my examples widely from different periods, including the present.
Bleomycin toxicity: Alterations in oxidative metabolism in lung and liver microsomal fractions

Abstract Separate groups of male rats received low doses (5 units) or high doses (15 units) of bleomycin i.p. twice weekly for 1.5, 3 or 6 weeks. The susceptibility of tissue lipid to peroxidation and the activities of mixed function oxidations were examined in microsomal fractions prepared from lung and liver. ADP-Fe (III)-initiated lipid peroxidation was stimulated in lung microsomal fractions only in animals treated with high-dose bleomycin for 1.5 weeks, whereas a 2- to 4-fold enhancement was observed in liver preparations from all bleomycin-treated animals. Microsomal ADP-Fe (III)-initiated lipid peroxidation was inhibited, however, by the in vitro addition of bleomycin in both lung and liver preparations, but this inhibition was an artifact resulting from the chelation of Fe (III) by bleomycin. Soybean lipoxygenase I-initiated microsomal lipid peroxidation, which does not require added iron, was unaffected by bleomycin in lung preparations but was inhibited in liver. Following in vivo treatment, lung microsomal hydrogen peroxide generation was inhibited by 1.5 weeks of high-dose bleomycin treatments, whereas benzphetamine N -demethylation was unchanged. These cytochrome P-450-dependent reactions were both suppressed, however, in liver microsomal fractions. In vitro , both reactions were also inhibited by bleomycin in liver but not in lung microsomal fractions. The lack of effect of in vitro bleomycin treatments on Superoxide generation in lung or liver preparations suggests that the NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase component of the mixed function oxidase system was not affected. Minimal alterations in lipid peroxidizability and mixed function oxidase activities in lung microsomal fractions of bleomycin-treated animals suggest that the insensitivity could be due to: (1) the site of toxicity not being at the level of the endoplasmic reticulum; or (2) the target of bleomycin toxicity being limited to a small population of pulmonary cell types. Even though the liver is not susceptible to bleomycin toxicity, the hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase system is highly sensitive to this chemical.
The Effect of Tarp Funding on Recipient Credit Unions

Credit unions have become an important component of the American financial system, with more than 10% of all savings deposits and non-revolving consumer loans; as well as some 12% of all depository institution employees. With nearly any measure of depository institution market share, credit unions have been growing.Credit unions fared better than banks in the past two big financial crises (1980s and 2008-2010). But there were some institutions whose common bond forced them to take on more risk during that time period. In some of those cases, their members were underserved by other financial institutions, making the small credit union a systemically important financial institution for them. Therefore, in 2010, a TARP program was offered to shore up community development financial institutions (CDFIs). The Community Development Capital Initiative (CDCI) was the only direct TARP loan program offered to credit unions. Although nearly 200 credit unions qualified, only 48 received funding (all in late September 2010). The recipient credit unions borrowed less than $70 million total.This paper assesses the effectiveness of the TARP program for the recipient credit unions. We find that CDFI credit unions were far more likely to fail since the initiation of the TARP than other credit unions. We also find that recipient credit unions did not use funds to enrich members, but used the funds as they were intended, to improve capital and liquidity. We wonder if a special program needed to be established to generate these $70 million in loan funds because of the weakness among credit unions’ preferred lender, the corporate credit unions.
Gas Kinetic Theory of Entropy

This chapter will attempt to provide a physical understanding of the concept of entropy based on the kinetic theory of gases. Entropy in classical thermodynamics is a mathematical concept that is derived from a closed cycle on a reversible Carnot heat engine. For many students it lacks physical meaning. Most students have a physical understanding of variables like volume, temperature, and pressure. Internal energy and enthalpy are easy to understand, if not intuitive. However, entropy is a bit more difficult. The discussion that follows is an attempt to provide physical insight into the concept of entropy at the introductory level. Prof. Leonard K. Nash, Dover Edition, 2006, bases this discussion on the excellent text, Elements of Statistical Thermodynamics [1–4].
Reversible Synaptic Blockade Caused by Hypoxia of Moderate Degree in Hippocampal Tissues Slices

Oxygen was withdrawn from tissue slices of rat hippocampus maintained submerged under flowing artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) at 29°C. Synaptic transmission to CA1 region was rapidly blocked as focally recorded excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSP) were depressed and orthodromic population spikes disappeared without failure of presynaptic afferent fiber volleys. Following readmission of oxygen, transmission was restored, population spike amplitude grew beyond prehypoxic control amplitude, and double or triple spikes appeared where pyramidal cells fired only single spikes before. This state of posthypoxic hyperexcitability was transient after mild hypoxia but persistent after moderate hypoxia. This may be explained by impairment of membrane bound Na+K+ ATPase and consequent incomplete retrieval of the K+ lost by neurons during the hypoxic episode. During such mild to moderate hypoxic episodes, interstitial fluid became acid and interstitial potassium concentration rose somewhat, but calcium level remained unchanged and no spreading depression (SD)-like potential shift occurred. The state of these slices seems similar to the zone of “penumbra” in the periphery of a region of an ischemic brain infarct.
Functional Weakness Study in Young Adults

Incidence, demographic and clinical characteristics of 107 cases (79% female, mean age 39 years) with functional weakness of <2 years duration compared to 46 controls with neurological weakness (83% female, median age 39 years, duration 11 months) were studied at the University of Edinburgh, UK.
MCH neurons are the primary sleep-promoting group.

A response to Fraigne JJ, Peever JH, Jones BE, Hassani OK, McGinty D, Alam N, Luppi PH, Peyron C, and Fort P. Critical Topics Forum. Sleep 2013;36:1767–1776.
Simultaneous Single-Shot Measurement of Two Ultrashort Pulses Using Polarization-Gating Double-Blind FROG

The polarization-gating “double-blind” FROG technique is used to demonstrate true simultaneous single-shot measurement for two different, nontrivial ultrashort pulses.
Comparative advantages of Fujian's major crops

The 2007-2009 production of 9 kinds major crops in Fujian was compared with that of other provinces in China based on the comprehensive comparative advantage indices.The results showed that(a) tea and tobacco had a significant comparative advantage;(b) vegetables,fruits and flowers were relatively advantageous;and(c) grains,oil,hemp and sugarcane did not enjoy any apparent advantages over the other provinces.
Electrical equipment for NEC Class II, Group F locations

The chapter focuses on Class II divison 1 and division 2 Locations. Electrical equipment must be installed in dust-ignition proof or dust-tight enclosures or in enclosures that minimize the entrance of dust. Dust-ignition proof enclosures will exclude the entrance of dust and also prevent arcs or sparks from igniting combustible dust in the air surrounding the enclosure. Arcing devices— such as, switches, circuit breakers, fuses, push-button stations, relays, etc., must be enclosed in dust-ignition proof enclosures when the electrical equipment is located in a hazardous area. The wiring method for hazardous locations should consist of: fittings and boxes that are designed to minimize the entrance of dust, and are provided with threaded bosses for connections to threaded rigid metal conduits, or Type MI cable with approved terminal fittings, or dust-tight flexible connections approved for the location. The fittings and boxes should have no openings through which dust might enter, or through which sparks or burning material might escape. The wiring method for NEC Class II, Division -2 locations including: wire ways, fittings and boxes with terminals, splices, and taps also require a design that minimizes the entrance of dust. If dust accumulation is heavy, any type of electrical motor may be used in separate dust-free rooms.
A Laboratory System to Testing Characteristics Wind Turbine at Low Speeds of Wind

The article presents design solutions air generator systems, measurement of air velocity and software of acquisition and control. It also provides the results obtained during the calibration of the test tunnel developed at Air Force Institute of Technology.
Conclusion: Resolving the “National Crisis” of 1929–1931

When Labour took office again in October 1929, it faced severe challenges in virtually every aspect of national life—unemployment, finance, international affairs, colonial policy, and political instability at home. Disruption of the international financial markets, as London ceded its supremacy to New York; dislocation of industry and trade, both at home and abroad; struggles over disarmament among the great powers; sharpening nationalist sentiments in the colonies; and the apparent failure of the three-party system to provide effective government—all of them aftershocks of the Great War—gave rise in 1930 to the conviction that Britain faced a “crisis” of grave proportions. In part a reflection of the real problems facing the country, in part a device mobilized in the hope of discrediting the Labour government and effecting a change in political power and policies, the “national crisis,” described by one historian in 1992 as “the greatest peacetime crisis in Britain this century,” transformed the political landscape in Britain.3
Sharing cities: a case for truly smart and sustainable cities by Duncan McLaren and Julian Agyeman, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 2015, 445 pp., $32.00 (hardback), 978-0-262-02972-8

This is a wide-ranging book intended for both academics and policy-makers who are searching for progressive and effective models of urban design and development to emulate. The book considers issue...
VHF antenna for airfoil structural integration

The analyses and design of a conformai VHF antenna is introduced for airfoil structural integration. By investigating and optimizing two conducting plates, stubs, and a slot a broadband design covering the frequency range of 95–241 MHz is achieved.
Statement and Rebuttal of Commissioner Gail Heriot to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights' Report, 'School Discipline and Disparate Impact'

In 2012, the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights released a report entitled, "School Discipline and Disparate Impact." This article, written by Commissioner (and University of San Diego law professor) Gail Heriot is part of that report. In it, she questions the U.S. Department of Education's school discipline initiative as well as the view that current discipline practices have created a "school-to-prison pipeline." She also expresses concern that (1) the Department of Education's new policy will make it more difficult to maintain order in many classrooms and that minority students may be hurt worse than other students as a result and (2) the policy is not supported by the law.
Novela autobiográfica y metaliteratura: usos y maneras de la escritura en Teresa de la Parra

En este ensayo se argumentan los motivos por los que Ifigenia y Las memorias de Mama Blanca de Teresa de la Parra deben ser consideradas novelas autobiograficas. Se reflexiona sobre la peculiar interrelacion entre novela autobiografica y practicas escriturarias subrayando el fuerte componente metaliterario en la novelistica de De la Parra. El apartado final se interesa por el papel que los materiales textuales y las practicas lectoras y escriturarias tienen en ambas novelas para arguir, tras su analisis, que el tratamiento de esas practicas refleja el papel de sumision y subversion adoptado por las figuras femeninas en la obra de la autora venezolana.
A biphasic approach for the study of lift generation in soft porous media

Lift generation in highly compressible porous media under rapid compression continues to be an important topic in porous media flow. Although significant progress has been made, how to model different lifting forces during the compression process remains unclear. This is mainly because the input parameters of the existing theoretical studies, including the Darcy permeability of the porous media and the viscous damping coefficient of its solid phase, were manually adjusted so as to match the experimental data. In the current paper, we report a biphasic approach to experimentally and theoretically treat this limitation. Synthetic fibrous porous materials, whose permeability were precisely measured, were subsequently exposed to sudden impacts using a porous-walled cylinder-piston apparatus. The obtained time-dependent compression of the porous media, along with the permeability data, was applied in two different theoretical models to predict the pore pressure generation, a plug flow model and a consolidation...
Florida Founder William P. DuVal: Frontier Bon Vivant. By James M. Denham. (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2015. Pp. xvi, 456. $49.95.)

Although William Pope DuVal was a central figure in the development of Florida (serving as governor for twelve years from 1822 to 1834), his name does not ring with familiarity in American history....
ATP levels of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) sperm following in vitro exposure to various oxygen tensions

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in sperm from chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were found to be 12.1±1.9 pmol ATP per 106 sperm cells (mean±SEM, n=18). Sperm were stored at 0–2 °C for up to 72 h under 100, 21, and 0% O2. Changes in sperm ATP content of samples maintained under 100 and 21% O2 were indistinguishable, decreasing to 50% of initial values after 72 h. ATP levels of sperm stored under 0% O2 decreased to 10% of initial values within 8 h and remained unchanged throughout the following 64 h. The initial percent of living sperm (sperm viability) was 94.7±1.7% (mean±SEM, n=12) and was unaltered at 24 h under all O2 tensions. At 72 h, sperm viability remained unchanged under 21% O2 and had decreased by 20% under 100% O2 and by 30% under 0% O2. Therefore, reductions in sperm ATP levels could not be attributed to cell lysis, as viability decreased only modestly over these durations. Fertilizing ability correlated positively with sperm ATP levels. Spermatocrit values increased by 20% for the samples maintained under 100 and 21% O2 after 72 h. However, a 20% increase in spermatocrit occurred within 24 h in samples maintained under 0% O2, rising 70% after 72 h under 0% O2. These data indicate that chinook sperm ATP (1) can be altered and manipulated without significant loss of viability, (2) is positively associated with fertilization, and (3) probably plays a role in sperm packing and cell flexibility.
Postprandial High-Resolution Impedance Manometry Identifies Mechanisms of Nonresponse to Proton Pump Inhibitors

Background & Aims Recognition of rumination and supragastric belching is often delayed as symptoms may be mistakenly attributed to gastroesophageal reflux disease. However, distinct from gastroesophageal reflux disease, rumination and supragastric belching are more responsive to behavioral interventions than to acid-suppressive and antireflux therapies. Postprandial high-resolution impedance manometry (PP-HRIM) is an efficient method to identify rumination and belches. We investigated the distribution of postprandial profiles determined by PP-HRIM, and identified patient features associated with postprandial profiles among patients with nonresponse to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of PP-HRIM studies performed on 94 adults (mean age, 50.6 y; 62% female) evaluated for PPI nonresponsiveness at an esophageal referral center, from January 2010 through May 2016. Following a standard esophageal manometry protocol, patients ingested a solid refluxogenic test meal (identified by patients as one that induces symptoms) with postprandial monitoring up to 90 minutes (median, 50 min). Patients were assigned to 1 of 4 postprandial profiles: normal; reflux only (>6 transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs)/h); supragastric belch (>2 supragastric belches/h), with or without TLESR; or rumination (≥1 rumination episode/h) with or without TLESR and supragastric belching. The primary outcome was postprandial profile. Results Of the study participants, 24% had a normal postprandial profile, 14% had a reflux-only profile, 42% had a supragastric belch profile, and 20% had a rumination profile. In multinomial regression analysis, the rumination group most frequently presented with regurgitation, the supragastric belch and rumination groups were younger in age, and the reflux-only group had a lower esophagogastric junction contractile integral. The number of weakly acidic reflux events measured by impedance-pH monitoring in patients receiving PPI therapy was significantly associated with frequency of rumination episodes and supragastric belches. Conclusions In a retrospective analysis of 94 nonresponders to PPI therapy evaluated by PP-HRIM, we detected an abnormal postprandial pattern in 76% of cases: 42% of these were characterized as supragastric belching, 20% as rumination, and 14% as reflux only. Age, esophagogastric junction contractility, impedance-pH profiles, and symptom presentation differed significantly among groups. PP-HRIM can be used in the clinic to evaluate mechanisms of PPI nonresponse.
Coupling between myosin head conformation and the thick filament backbone structure

The recent high-resolution structure of the thick filament from Lethocerus asynchronous flight muscle shows aspects of thick filament structure never before revealed that may shed some light on how striated muscles function. The phenomenon of stretch activation underlies the function of asynchronous flight muscle. It is most highly developed in flight muscle, but is also observed in other striated muscles such as cardiac muscle. Although stretch activation is likely to be complex, involving more than a single structural aspect of striated muscle, the thick filament itself, would be a prime site for regulatory function because it must bear all of the tension produced by both its associated myosin motors and any externally applied force. Here we show the first structural evidence that the arrangement of myosin heads within the interacting heads motif is coupled to the structure of the thick filament backbone. We find that a change in helical angle of 0.16° disorders the blocked head preferentially within the Lethocerus interacting heads motif. This observation suggests a mechanism for how tension affects the dynamics of the myosin heads leading to a detailed hypothesis for stretch activation and shortening deactivation, in which the blocked head preferentially binds the thin filament followed by the free head when force production occurs.
Surgical Duration Impacts Venous Thromboembolism Risk in Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction

Background Increased surgical duration can impact patient outcomes and operative efficiency metrics. In particular, there are studies suggesting that increased surgical duration can increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). One of the longer duration plastic surgery procedures commonly performed is microsurgical breast reconstruction. With the widening indications for multiple and “stacked” free flaps to reconstruct breasts, we endeavored to assess (1) the relationship between duration of microsurgical breast reconstruction and VTE; and (2) determine if a threshold operative time exists that connotes VTE higher risk. Methods Patients from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) between 2005 and 2014 who underwent microsurgical breast reconstruction were identified by Current Procedural Terminology code. Three models of multivariate logistic regression were used to characterize the adjusted risk for VTE by operative duration, bilaterality, the length of stay, and patient demographics. Results A total of 4,782 patients who underwent microsurgical breast reconstruction were identified. Overall VTE incidence was 1.13%. The mean operative duration was 8:31 hours:minutes (standard deviation: 2:59). Operative duration was statistically associated with VTE in continuous, quintile, and dichotomized risk models. Beyond an operative duration of 11 hours, adjusted VTE risk increases fourfold corresponding to a number needed to harm of 45.8. Conclusions Increasing surgical duration heightens the risk of VTE in microsurgical breast reconstruction. Increasing body mass index and age enhances this VTE risk. Moreover, limiting surgical duration to 11 hours or less can decrease VTE risk by fourfold vis-a-vis baseline. Level of Evidence Risk, II.
Glutathione Peroxidase Activity, Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity, and Urinary F2- Isoprostanes as Markers of Oxidative Stress in Anemic Dogs.

Background Oxidative stress plays a role in the pathophysiology of several diseases and has been documented as a contributor to disease in both the human and veterinary literature. One at-risk cell is the erythrocyte, however, the role of oxidative stress in anemia in dogs has not been widely investigated. Hypothesis/Objective Anemic dogs will have an alteration in the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), a decrease in of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and an increased concentration of urinary 15-F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoP) when compared to healthy dogs. Animals 40 client-owned dogs with anemia (PCV <30%) age-matched to 40 client-owned healthy control dogs. Methods Prospective, cross-sectional study. Whole blood GPx activity, plasma TAC, and urinary F2-isoprostane concentrations were evaluated in each dog and compared between groups. Results Anemic dogs had significantly lower GPx activity (43.1 × 103 +/- 1.6 × 103 U/L) than did dogs in the control group (75.8 × 103 +/- 2.0 × 103 U/L; P < 0.0001). The GPx activity in dogs with hemolysis (103 +/- 0.8 × 103 U/L) was not significantly different (P = 0.57) than in dogs with nonhemolytic anemia (43.5 × 103 +/- 1.1 × 103 U/L). The TAC concentrations (P = 0.15) and urinary F2-isoprostanes (P = 0.73) did not significantly differ between groups. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly decreased in anemic dogs indicating oxidative stress. Additional studies are warranted to determine if antioxidant supplementation would improve survival and overall outcome as part of a therapeutic regimen for anemic dogs.
Linking inter-individual variability to endocrine disruptors: insights for epigenetic inheritance

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can induce a myriad of adverse health effects. An area of active investigation is the multi- and transgenerational inheritance of EDC-induced adverse health effects referring to the transmission of phenotypes across multiple generations via the germline. The inheritance of EDC-induced adverse health effects across multiple generations can occur independent of genetics, spurring much research into the transmission of underlying epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in the development of an organism and are responsive to environmental exposures. To date, rodent studies have demonstrated that acquired epigenetic marks, particularly DNA methylation, that are inherited following parental EDC exposure can escape embryonic epigenome reprogramming. The acquired epimutations can lead to subsequent adult-onset diseases. Increasing studies have reported inter-individual variations that occur with epigenetic inheritance. Factors that underlie differences among individuals could reveal previously unidentified mechanisms of epigenetic transmission. In this review, we give an overview of DNA methylation and posttranslational histone modification as the potential mechanisms for disease transmission, and define the requirements for multi- and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. We subsequently evaluate rodent studies investigating how acquired changes in epigenetic marks especially DNA methylation across multiple generations can vary among individuals following parental EDC exposure. We also discuss potential sources of inter-individual variations and the challenges in identifying these variations. We conclude our review discussing the challenges in applying rodent generational studies to humans.
Composite $\alpha-\mu$ Based DSRC Channel Model Using Large Data Set of RSSI Measurements

Channel modeling is essential for design and performance evaluation of numerous protocols in vehicular networks. In this paper, we study and provide results for large- and small-scale modeling of communication channel in dense vehicular networks. We first propose an approach to remove the effect of fading on deterministic part of the large-scale model and verify its accuracy using a single transmitter-receiver scenario. Two-ray model is then utilized for path-loss characterization and its parameters are derived from the empirical data based on a newly proposed method. Afterward, we use α -μ distribution to model the fading behavior of vehicular networks for the first time, and validate its precision by Kolmogorov-Smirnov(K-S) goodness-of-fit test. To this end, the significantly better performance of utilizing α - μ distribution over the most adopted fading distribution in the vehicular channels literature, i.e., Nakagami-m, in terms of passing K-S test has been investigated and statistically verified in this paper. A large received signal strength indicator (RSSI) data set from a measurement campaign is used to evaluate our claims. Moreover, the whole model is implemented in a reliable discrete event network simulator which is widely used in the academic and industrial research for network analysis, i.e., network simulator-3 (ns-3), to show the outcome of the proposed model in the presence of upper layer network protocols.
Associations between riffle development and aquatic biota following lowhead dam removal.

Dam removal is an increasingly common river restoration option, yet some of the mechanisms leading to ecological changes remain unquantified. We assessed relationships between riffle structure and benthic macroinvertebrate and fish assemblages 2 years after a lowhead dam removal in Ohio, USA. Hydrogeomorphic, water-chemistry, and biotic surveys were conducted at seven study riffles at six time intervals from spring 2014 through summer 2015. The density and diversity of macroinvertebrates and fish were significantly different over time, largely as a function of season (lowest densities in early spring, greatest in summer). Macroinvertebrate, but not fish, assemblage composition was different by time but not riffle. Although hydrogeomorphic characteristics (e.g., streamflow velocity, substrate size) were linked to shifts in macroinvertebrates and fish, chemical water-quality parameters (e.g., dissolved oxygen, nutrient concentrations) were also implicated as potential biotic drivers. Our results indicate that riffle habitat development can be an important mechanism related to restoring sensitive species and biological diversity following dam removal.
Natural ostiotomy vs. inferior antrostomy in the management of sinusitis: An animal model

An animal model was used to compare the surgical treatment of chronic sinusitis by opening the natural ostium vs. inferior antrostomy. Fifteen rabbits had surgical occlusion of the natural maxillar...
Focusing Collaborative Activities for Women STEM Faculty

The Alliance for the Advancement of Florida’s Academic Women in Chemistry and Engineering (AAFAWCE) includes faculty from the Colleges of Engineering and Departments of Chemistry at five participating institutions: the University of South Florida (USF), Florida State University (FSU), Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU), the University of Florida (UF), and Florida International University (FIU).
Establishment of a Medication Acuity Scoring Tool at a Tertiary Pediatric Teaching Hospital: A 2-Phase Process.

Background:Currently, there is no validated objective rating system to address the acuity of medication orders that pharmacists review.Objective:The objective was to assess the acuity of a given me...
Multicycle Broadside and Skewed-Load Tests for Test Compaction

This paper describes a test compaction procedure that combines the advantages of using multicycle tests for test compaction with the advantages of using both broadside and skewed-load tests for increasing the fault coverage and achieving test compaction. The procedure is the first to combine these two concepts in a single procedure. The combination is made possible by a definition of a multicycle skewed-load test that is suggested in this paper, and complements the definition of a multicycle broadside test. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of multicycle broadside and skewed-load tests in achieving test compaction for benchmark circuits.
Sexual torture among Arabic-speaking Shi’a Muslim men and women in Iraq: Barriers to healing and finding meaning

Introduction Rape and sexual torture are frequent experiences among torture survivors, but relatively little is known about how victims respond to and find meaning in these experiences. Method This study used secondary qualitative interview data from 47 male and female Shi'a Arab victims and survivors of sexual torture and rape in Saddam Hussein's Iraq to examine how sexual torture affected them, what were the barriers to healing, how they found meaning in their experiences, and how their experiences varied by gender. Results Respondents experienced profound psychological effects that lasted for years, including: shame, feeling broken and prematurely aged, and wanting to isolate themselves from others. Most female victims who were unmarried at the time of sexual torture never got married. Many survivors found meaning in their experiences by defining their suffering as unjust, placing their experience in the context of a hopeful narrative of Iraqi history, turning to religion, and calling for vengeance upon their persecutors. Discussion The results of this study show how survivors of sexual torture, most of whom did not receive psychological treatment, draw upon their own resources to find meaning in existential trauma.
Drought and freezing vulnerability of the isolated hybrid aspen Populus x smithii relative to its parental species, P. tremuloides and P. grandidentata

Aim We assessed the vulnerability of an isolated, relictual Pleistocene hybrid aspen population of conservation interest (Populus x. smithii) and the nearest populations of its parent species (Populus grandidentata and Populus tremuloides) to springtime post-bud break freezing and growing season drought stress. Response to these stressors in the three taxa was compared in terms of avoidance and tolerance. Location North American Midwest; USA. Methods Unique genets from the hybrid Niobrara River population and from the two parental populations were propagated in a common garden from rhizome cuttings. We tracked their phenology before and after bud break and measured their vulnerability to freezing (stem electrolyte leakage and leaf chlorophyll fluorescence) and to drought (stem hydraulic conductance, leaf osmotic potential, stomatal pore index, and gas exchange). Results Populus grandidentata was slower to leaf out, showed lower vulnerability to stem freezing and drought-induced cavitation, but exhibited a lower capacity to tolerate drought stress through leaf resistance traits compared to P. tremuloides. Hybrids were similar to P. grandidentata in their overwintering strategy, exhibiting later bud break, and in their higher resistance to stem freezing damage, but they were more similar to P. tremuloides in their higher vulnerability to drought-induced cavitation. The hybrids shared various leaf-level gas exchange traits with both parents. All aspens showed limited loss of leaf photosynthetic function following moderate freezing. Main conclusions The Niobrara River hybrid population is vulnerable to drought due to its combination of inherited drought avoidance and tolerance traits. As climate changes, P. x smithii will likely suffer from increased drought stress, while being unaffected by frost during warmer springs. The two parental species contrast in their survival mechanisms in response to climatic stress, with P. tremuloides tending toward freezing tolerance but drought avoidance and P. grandidentata tending toward freezing avoidance and drought tolerance.
Examples of Two-Dimensional Flow Modeling

In Chap. 8 we devoted our attention to the mathematics of flow about a two-dimensional flat plate of infinitesimal thickness. Then, we utilized these tools to develop some of the well-known results from unsteady aerodynamics. These results were based on a quite restrictive assumption: that the flow was generated by a small-amplitude disturbance to the flow past the plate traveling at small angle of attack. Under this assumption, we were able to obtain analytical expressions for the flow field and the associated force and moment.
Language as semiosis – A short reflection on Paul Rastall’s article

Paul Rastall’s small models can be understood in a semiotic framework, as functions relating signifiers (‘forms’) to signifieds (‘meanings’): forms of semiosis . If different properties of language are modeled as semiosic components in this sense, it is possible to heuristically use the linguist Louis Hjelmslev’s principle of embedding of semioses to identify distinct minimal functions and study their embedding in a complex architecture, not only involving phonetics, grammar, and semantics, but also enunciation, pragmatics, and finally discourse. Both Rastall’s approach and this elaboration could support the view that (a) language is not one system but rather a constellation of subsystems.
Blocking pro-invasive signaling and inflammatory activation in triple-negative breast cancer with nucleic-acid scavengers (NASs).

e13096Background: Breast cancers remain the most lethal malignancies amongst women worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortalities in the US. Subtype heterogeneity and aggressi...
Likelihood Approximation Networks (LANs) for Fast Inference of Simulation Models in Cognitive Neuroscience

Abstract In cognitive neuroscience, computational modeling can formally adjudicate between theories and affords quantitative fits to behavioral/brain data. Pragmatically, however, the space of plausible generative models considered is dramatically limited by the set of models with known likelihood functions. For many models, the lack of a closed-form likelihood typically impedes Bayesian inference methods. As a result, standard models are evaluated for convenience, even when other models might be superior. Likelihood-free methods exist but are limited by their computational cost or their restriction to particular inference scenarios. Here, we propose neural networks that learn approximate likelihoods for arbitrary generative models, allowing fast posterior sampling with only a one-off cost for model simulations that is amortized for future inference. We show that these methods can accurately recover posterior parameter distributions for a variety of neurocognitive process models. We provide code allowing users to deploy these methods for arbitrary hierarchical model instantiations without further training.
Digestibility of amino acids in pigs fed distillers dried grains with solubles derived from corn, sorghum, and triticale

An experiment was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in distillers dried grains with solubles derived from corn (C-DDGS), sorghum (S-DDGS), and tr...
Designing online grocery stores to support healthy eating for weight loss.

OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to identify features to include in online grocery stores to support healthful food purchasing by those striving to lose weight. DESIGN A Value Proposition Design approach was used to gain shopper insights, devise potential online grocery store features and obtain feedback on these features. SETTING Telephone interviews were conducted to gain insight into shoppers' needs and perceptions. Results were used by the research team to identify potential online grocery shopping features that may support healthful purchase decisions, and interviews were conducted with a different sample of shoppers to gather feedback on features. PARTICIPANTS Insight (n 25) and feedback (n 25) interviews were conducted with convenience samples of adults trying to lose weight. RESULTS Participants were primarily female, white, college educated and with obesity or overweight. Online grocery features devised by the research team based on findings from the insight interviews included (1) shopping cart nutrition rating tool; (2) healthy meal planning tool; (3) interactive healthy eating inspiration aisle and (4) healthy shopping preference settings option. Findings from the feedback interviews indicated that the healthy meal planning tool, healthy shopping preference settings option and shopping cart nutrition rating tool features were positively rated by most participants. CONCLUSIONS There are multiple features grocers should consider including in their online stores to attract and support customers striving to eat healthy for weight loss.
Factors Associated With COVID-19 Vaccine Receipt by Health Care Personnel at a Major Academic Hospital During the First Months of Vaccine Availability.

Importance Several COVID-19 vaccines have been authorized in the US, yet preliminary evidence suggests high levels of vaccine hesitancy and wide racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in uptake. Objective To assess COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among health care personnel (HCP) during the first 4 months of availability in a large academic hospital, compare acceptance with previously measured vaccine hesitancy, and describe racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in vaccine uptake. Design, setting, and participants This cross-sectional study included 12 610 HCP who were offered COVID-19 vaccination at a major academic hospital in Philadelphia between December 16, 2020, and April 16, 2021. Exposures For each HCP, data were collected on occupational category, age, sex, race and ethnicity (Asian or Pacific Islander, Black or African American [Black], Hispanic, White, and multiracial), and social vulnerability index (SVI) at the zip code of residence. Main outcomes and measures Vaccine uptake by HCP at the employee vaccination clinic. Results The study population included 4173 men (34.8%) and 7814 women (65.2%) (623 without data). A total of 1480 were Asian or Pacific Islander (12.4%); 2563 (21.6%), Black; 452 (3.8%), Hispanic; 7086 (59.6%), White; and 192 (1.6%), multiracial; 717 had no data for race and ethnicity. The mean (SD) age was 40.9 (12.4) years, and 9573 (76.0%) received at least 1 vaccine dose during the first 4 months of vaccine availability. Adjusted for age, sex, job position, and SVI, Black (relative risk [RR], 0.69; 95% CI, 0.66-0.72) and multiracial (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73-0.89) HCP were less likely to receive vaccine compared with White HCP. When stratified by job position, Black nurses (n = 189; 62.8%), Black HCP with some patient contact (n = 466; 49.9%), and Black HCP with no patient contact (n = 636; 56.3%) all had lower vaccine uptake compared with their White and Asian or Pacific Islander counterparts. Similarly, multiracial HCP with some (n = 26; 52.0%) or no (n = 48; 58.5%) patient contact had lower vaccine uptake. In contrast, Black physicians were just as likely to receive the vaccine as physicians of other racial and ethnic groups. Conclusions and relevance In this cross-sectional study, more than two-thirds of HCP at a large academic hospital in Philadelphia received a COVID-19 vaccine within 4 months of vaccine availability. Although racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities were seen in vaccine uptake, no such disparities were found among physicians. Better understanding of factors driving these disparities may help improve uptake.
Introduction to the reprocessing and recycling of spent nuclear fuels

The consumption of energy correlates directly with the development of modern industrial societies and with the increase in average human life span that occurred during the twentieth century. During the second half of the century, fission-based nuclear energy became the dominant nonfossil carbon component of the global energy mix. Expanding the use and efficiency of fission energy should gain increasing significance as a means to reduce the impact of greenhouse gas emissions attendant to fossil carbon energy production. In this chapter, the history and future strategies for closing the nuclear fuel cycle to extend resources and reduce waste are discussed.
Expression of TRP Ion Channels in Cardiac Myocytes

The overall goal of this investigation was to determine the extent to which transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels of the A1 and V1 subtypes are expressed in the murine heart and whether their expression patterns are altered in the setting of diabetes. TRP ion channels are well-established ion channel receptors found throughout the body and have significant roles in regulation of the cardiovascular system. Surprisingly little is known about coexpression patterns of TRPA1 and TRPV1 in diabetic and healthy cardiac myocytes or the role they play in mediating intracellular events in the heart. Preliminary data from our lab shows for the first time that TRPA1 is expressed at the protein level in isolated mouse cardiac myocytes. Furthermore, we have found that TRPA1 and TRPV1 in cardiac myocytes show significant (P<0.05) dose-dependent calcium responses when exposed to allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and capsaicin, respectively. Moreover, the expression levels of these channels in diabetic cardiac myocytes...
An Attention-Retention Theory of Retardate Discrimination Learning1

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the attention–retention (A–R) theory of retardate discrimination learning. A simplified picture of the overall structure of the theory can be seen in an information-flow, block diagram of the principal events, and transformations to which the theory is addressed. Stimulus information in the discriminative display is conceived in part to be dimensional in nature. The dimensions, such as color, form, position, size, etc., are not defined independently. In the chapter, the theory is discussed together with empirical support in the form of 40 experimental effects deducible from the theory. The two processes of attention and retention are not the only ones postulated to occur; the name A–R theory was chosen because the inclusion of these two processes distinguishes A–R theory from the other models of discrimination. A qualitative outline of the A–R theory is discussed in the chapter, followed by a concise quantitative statement of the theory and an outline of the data domain of the theory. Thirteen sections then follow, each identifying a basic issue, on which theorists of discriminative processes have taken opposing stances.