cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anatomic and hemodynamic imaging using a new vector phased-array intracardiac catheter.

Abstract Background: We used a new vector, phased-array intracardiac catheter (AcuNav) with complete 2-dimensional imaging and Doppler capabilities to describe a systematic approach for a detailed anatomic and hemodynamic cardiac assessment. Methods: In 14 dogs, the intracardiac echocardiographic catheter was inserted through an 11F venous access and placed in the right side of the heart to perform a comprehensive ultrasound examination of the heart. Results: Imaging was successful in all dogs. All 4 cardiac chambers and valves were imaged clearly in multiple orientations. Additional structures seen included the vena cavae, coronary sinus, right and left appendages, interarterial septum, coronary arteries, and all 4 pulmonary veins. Intra-abdominal structures, such as the aorta, liver, and hepatic veins were also visualized. A complete Doppler examination of intracardiac and paracardiac flows was also possible. Conclusion: AcuNav is a unique intracardiac imaging device, which allows comprehensive structural and functional cardiac assessment. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2002;15:349-55.)
The large-time asymptotic expansion of the impulse response function for a floating body

Abstract Irregular-frequency effects are present in the time-domain, as well as in the frequency-domain analysis of the first-order, free-surface wave radiation problem. In the time domain, the effect is an oscillatory behavior in the impulse-response function at large time. The nature of this behavior is investigated relative to the temporal and spatial discretization of the integral representation of the problem. In an effort to remove these effects in both domains, a method for obtaining the large-time asymptotic expansion of the impulse-response function for a floating body is presented. This method is applicable to arbitrary bodies in any mode of motion. The procedure is to Fourier transform the low-frequency expansion of the complex impedance function. This expansion is available to any order. The use of the large-time expansion of the impulse-response function in eliminating irregular-frequency effects is demonstrated.
Hypertrophic, Hypoactive Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum: A Sensitive Indicator of Hepatotoxicity Exemplified by Dieldrin

Rats with hypertrophic smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and increased activities of the drug-handling enzymes induced by dieldrin were stressed with larger doses of the pesticide. The activity of the drug-handling enzymes was thus reduced, but liver weight, smooth ER, and P-450 hemoprotein remained elevated. While no changes were apparent by light microscopy, the hypertrophic, hypoactive smooth ER was recognized as tight clusters of tubular membranes associated with abnormalities of the mitochondrial membrane. Similar but not identical morphologic changes were noted in human liver diseases associated with hepatic insufficiency. Hypertrophic, hypoactive smooth ER may indicate transition from adaptation of injury, and can be used as a sensitive parameter of toxicity.
Arabidopsis sensitivity to protein synthesis inhibitors depends on 26S proteasome activity

The 26S proteasome (26SP), the central protease of the ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis pathway, controls the regulated proteolysis of functional proteins and the removal of misfolded and damaged proteins. In Arabidopsis, cellular and stress response phenotypes of a number of mutants with partially impaired 26SP function have been reported. Here, we describe the responses of proteasome mutants to protein synthesis inhibitors. We show that the rpt2a-3, rpn10-1 and rpn12a-1 mutants are hypersensitive to the antibiotic hygromycin B, and tolerant to the translation inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX) and herbicide l-phosphinothricin (PPT). In addition to the novel mechanism for herbicide tolerance, our data suggests that the combination of hygromycin B, CHX and PPT growth-response assays could be used as a facile diagnostic tool to detect altered 26SP function in plant mutants and transgenic lines.
Solid electrolyte coated high voltage layered–layered lithium-rich composite cathode: Li1.2Mn0.525Ni0.175Co0.1O2

The electrochemical rate performance and capacity retention of the “layered–layered” lithium rich Li1.2Mn0.525Ni0.175Co0.1O2 (Li-rich NMC) material are significantly improved by a nanometer layer coating of a lithium conducting solid electrolyte, lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON). The LiPON layer is deposited on the Li-rich NMC particles by the RF-magnetron sputtering method. The presence of the LiPON layer provides interfacial stability under high current (rate) and voltage cycling conditions and thereby improves the capacity retention over cycle life compared to pristine or uncoated Li-rich NMC. Specifically, the LiPON coated Li-rich NMC composite electrode showed stable reversible capacities of >275 mAh g−1 when cycled to 4.9 V for more than 300 cycles, and showed at least threefold improvements in the rate performance compared to the uncoated electrode compositions. Increasing the LiPON layer thickness beyond a few nanometers leads to capacity fade due to increasing electronic resistance. Detailed microstructural and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies are undertaken to characterize and understand the role of LiPON in improving the interfacial stability and electrochemical activity at the interface.
Atomic resolution STM images of laser ablated silicon nanoclusters on a graphite substrate

We report the observation of intramolecular features on isolated silicon nanoscale clusters. Unpassivated silicon clusters are fabricated under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions, deposited onto a graphite substrate, and imaged in situ using scanning tunneling microscope (STM). We were able to resolve certain structural features of the clusters with atomic resolution. A sequence of images indicates atomic scale instability, either from diffusion or tip induced modification. The inert surface of the graphite substrate appears to allow significant mobility for atoms and small clusters, and does not strongly influence the lateral arrangement of material on the surface.
Chapter 10 Functional differential equations

This chapter discusses the functional differential equations (FDE). FDE is a differential equation for which x´(t) depends not only on x(t) , but also on the history of the function s → x(s) for s ≤ t. Sometimes such equations are called “differential-delay equations.” Examples of functional differential equations can be traced back two hundred years. A 1911 article by Schmitt lists a variety of early work on linear functional differential equations. However, both the systematic development of the theory of FDEs and the study of nonlinear FDEs are essentially twentieth century phenomena. An interesting feature of the global study of nonlinear FDEs is that progress in understanding even the simplest-looking FDEs has been slow and has involved a combination of careful analysis of the equation and heavy machinery from functional analysis and algebraic topology. A partial list of tools that have been employed includes fixed-point theory and the fixed-point index, global bifurcation theorems, a global Hopf bifurcation theorem, the Fuller index, ideas related to the Conley index, and equivariant degree theory.
Signal selective localization of nonGaussian cyclostationary sources

Novel direction-finding algorithms that exploit the nonGaussian and cyclostationary nature of communication signals are explored. The proposed methods that are appropriate for uniform linear arrays employ cyclic higher order statistics of the array output and suppress additive Gaussian noise of unknown spectral content, even when the noise shares common cycle frequencies with the nonGaussian signals of interest. In addition, cyclic higher order statistics are tolerant to nonGaussian interferences with cycle frequencies other than those of the desired signals and allow one to consistently estimate the angles of arrival of signal sources (per cycle) whose number can be greater than the number of sensors. >
Modeling temperature distribution in rigid pavement slabs: Impact of air temperature

Abstract This study presents the impact of air temperature on the temperature distributions through the depth of rigid pavement slabs. A one-dimensional heat transfer model is proposed to predict the temperature distribution across the pavement. To highlight the impact of daily temperature amplitude on a pavement temperature profiles, the summer weather condition is used as an input to simulate the temperature distributions through slabs in mountainous desert and coastal regions. The results section presents the impact of daily ambient temperature on the pavement-surface heat exchange and subsequent slab temperature development. The feasibility of using the sinusoidal-approximated air temperature is also described. The subsequent discussion concentrates on whether the predicted results of these two regions can be used to develop similar conclusions in other regions and other seasons. The discussion also focuses on the boundary-formulation differences between the proposed model and the documented temperature prediction models for concrete slabs.
The Effect of Solution Ph and Ion Concentrations on Leaching of Silicate Glass

For simple alkali silicate glasses, alkali leaching appears to be controlled by the structure and water content of hydrated silica gel phases formed on the glass surface and by the ion exchange properties of the silanol groups present in those phases. When elements other than alkali cations or silica are present in the leachate, the only species observed to be adsorbed by the gel layer are simple cations or positively charged colloids. Contrary to results reported for silica gel, and for reasons not yet understood, molecular hydrolysis products do not appear to interact with the glass except at low concentration levels. Alkali leaching from the glass appears to be unaffected by the presence of other elements in the leachate unless these elements can significantly change the structure of the gel layer. Solution analyses for Na suggest that Fe(III) in solution can accelerate Na leaching by almost an order of magnitude, presumably by removing silica from the surface gel, making it a more open structure which can support more rapid diffusion. Lead can inhibit leaching if it coats the glass with a coherent lead carbonate film of colloidal particles. These leaching effects are consistent with leaching results reported for the complexmore » nuclear waste glass PNL-7668 in solutions containing Pb or Fe, showing that the results obtained for simple alkali silicate glasses can be extrapolated to explain the behavior of more complex systems.« less
Theory of Incoherent Dark Solitons

We formulate the theory of incoherent dark spatial solitons in noninstantaneous self-defocusing nonlinear media. We find that the basic modal constituents of these incoherent dark soliton entities are radiation modes as well as bound states. Our results explain for the first time why incoherent dark solitons are in fact gray and why a transverse $\ensuremath{\pi}$-phase flip can facilitate their observation.
Development and Validation of the Motivational Climate Scale for Youth Sports

The Motivational Climate Scale for Youth Sports (MCSYS) provides an age-appropriate measure of coach-initiated motivational climates in youth sports. Items have a readability level of grade 4.0 or below. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that both child and adolescent athletes (ages 9–14) discriminate between mastery- and ego-involving coaching behaviors. The MCSYS demonstrated acceptable reliability and strong factorial validity. Construct validity research yielded predicted relations within a nomological net that included athletes’ achievement goal orientations, competitive trait anxiety, sport enjoyment and coach evaluations, intrinsic motivation, and self-esteem. In both white middle-class and low income minority samples, the mastery and ego subscales also proved sensitive to a coach intervention designed to promote the establishment of a mastery climate and a reduction of ego climate behaviors. We discuss use of the scale to, measure motivational climate at individual and team lev...
Basement geology and tectonic evolution of Ireland as deduced from Pb isotopes

In Ireland, lead isotope data collected on Carboniferous-hosted Zn-Pb deposits can and has been interpreted to indicate that lead and other metals were derived from the underlying basement rocks. In order to test this hypothesis, whole rock lead isotope measurements were made on greywackes from the Longford-Down Inlier, which represent the along strike continuation of the northern part of the Caledonian basement underlying the base metal deposits. The lead isotope data define a linear array on a 207 pb/ 204 pb versus 206 Pb/ 204 Pb plot, with end points at ( 207 Pb/ 204 Pb) = 15.542, ( 206 Pb/ 204 Pb) = 18.456 and ( 207 Pb/ 204 Pb) = 15.461, ( 206 Pb/ 204 Pb) = 17.973. No evidence of lead isotope overprinting by the mineralizing event could be found in the samples studied. When the lead isotope data are corrected for addition of radiogenic lead since the time of base metal mineralization (c. 350 Ma ago), there is a 1:1 correlation between the lead isotopic composition of galenas in the base metal deposits and the Longford-Down grewyackes. These results support the hypothesis that lead and other metals were derived from the greywackes underlying the base metal mineralization. On a 208 Pb/ 204 Pb versus 206 Pb/ 204 Pb plot, neither whole rock greywacke nor galena lead isotope data define a linear array. The 208 Pb/ 204 Pb- 206 Pb/ 204 Pb trend is best explained by tectonic or sedimentological mixing of three isotopically distinct lead isotope end members. These end members are: (1) old unradiogenic basement in NW Ireland (Lewisian complex precursor?), (2) Ordovician arc material from NW Ireland and (3) Ordovician arc material form SE Ireland. Isotopic modelling of these end members shows that the present-day mixing line seen in the Ordovician and Silurian sediments can be calculated back to values inferred for the Ordovician arc end members using the same values of μ as were used to back calculate the lead isotopic composition of the greywackes to the time of mineralization. This information is further confirmation of the sediment-mixing model presented. A tectonic model developed from these and established geological data suggest a late Ordovician closure of the Iapetus Ocean, and that the Silurian greywackes are a by-product of eroded Ordovician arc material from NW and SE of the Iapetus suture.
Implementing Value Pricing for U.S. Roadways

This paper reviews the current status of congestion-based road pricing in the United States and examines some of the characteristics of successful and unsuccessful projects, including their marketing aspects. It is concluded that forward momentum has been established for innovative road pricing, but future progress toward more widespread use of congestionbased pricing is likely to take advantage of local opportunities which present themselves, and will proceed cautiously. Considerable emphasis will be placed on marketing strategies in order to win consumer acceptance.
Towards verifiable resource accounting for outsourced computation

Outsourced computation services should ideally only charge customers for the resources used by their applications. Unfortunately, no verifiable basis for service providers and customers to reconcile resource accounting exists today. This leads to undesirable outcomes for both providers and consumers-providers cannot prove to customers that they really devoted the resources charged, and customers cannot verify that their invoice maps to their actual usage. As a result, many practical and theoretical attacks exist, aimed at charging customers for resources that their applications did not consume. Moreover, providers cannot charge consumers precisely, which causes them to bear the cost of unaccounted resources or pass these costs inefficiently to their customers.We introduce ALIBI, a first step toward a vision for verifiable resource accounting. ALIBI places a minimal, trusted reference monitor underneath the service provider's software platform. This monitor observes resource allocation to customers' guest virtual machines and reports those observations to customers, for verifiable reconciliation. In this paper, we show that ALIBI efficiently and verifiably tracks guests' memory use and CPU-cycle consumption.
Communicative Competence and the Dilemma of International Teaching Assistant Education.

This paper examines the curriculum of international teaching assistant (ITA) programs within a sociolinguistic model of language use, the “communicative competence” model proposed by Hymes (1972) and, in its pedagogical applications, by Canale (1983), Canale and Swain (1980), and Savignon (1983). In the face of a growing number of ITA programs, at times with ad hoc curricular goals, the communicative competence framework provides an integrated, theoretically sound principle for ITA program development and assessment, and an appropriate basis for understanding the emerging models of ITA competence. In order to take advantage of such a framework, however, it is crucial that ITA program developers and instructors come to terms with the task of preparing their students for their new role in the classroom. This will necessarily entail training beyond traditional ESL concerns, although ESL professionals may have neither the mandate from their institutions nor the background to accomplish this.
Salvage surgery for renal cell carcinoma.

Abstract Complete surgical excision of solitary metastatic lesions in renal cell carcinoma has been reported to be associated with improved survival. An analysis of 65 outpatients undergoing excision of metastatic renal cell carcinoma is reviewed. In our series there was no significant difference among patients with solitary versus those with multiple metastasis. The overall 5-year survival was considerably lower than previously reported. We recommend that only patients with good performance status, who are participating in protocols with biological response modifiers, could potentially benefit from surgical removal of metastatic lesions.
New insight into Fermi-level unpinning on GaAs: Impact of different surface orientations

We have systematically studied NMOSFETs, MOSCAPs, and the interfacial chemistry on GaAs (100), (110), (111)A and (111)B-four different crystalline surfaces with direct ALD Al 2 O 3 . We found that a much higher drain current on GaAs(111)A NMOSFET can be achieved compared to that obtained on the other 3 surfaces. Also, the results of MOS-CAPs and the interfacial chemistry obtained on the (111)A surface are very different from those others. These experimental results conclusively demonstrate that Fermi-level on the GaAs (111)A surface is indeed unpinned and Fermi-level pinning is not an intrinsic property of GaAs, but is orientation dependent thus related to surface chemistry.
Blood flow with ventilation alone in a child with cardiac arrest

Recent investigations suggest that increased intrathoracic pressure causing compression of the heart and great vessels in the thorax plays an important role in providing blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This communication reports the case of a four-year-old asphyxiated girl found to have a small amount of blood flow detected by unidirectional doppler during bag-valve/endotracheal tube ventilation alone during resuscitation. Although there was no evidence that ventilation alone resulted in quantitatively significant blood flow, that blood flow occurred at all with modest changes in only intrathoracic pressure provides corroborative physiological evidence that changes in intrathoracic pressure are important in the mechanism of blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Complete analysis of levodopa capsules and tablets by GLC

A GLC assay was developed for the determination of levodopa in both capsule and tablet preparations. The procedure also allows for the quantification of closely related amino acids that might be present, as a consequence of either the natural or synthetic production of levodopa, in these dosage forms. The method is based on the assay of the trimethylsilyl derivatives of the constituents of the dosage form, using α-methyldopa as the internal standard for the analysis of levodopa and α-methyldopate as the internal standard for the related amino acid contaminants. This procedure has been applied to the analysis of several commercial capsule and tablet preparations containing levodopa with repro-ducible results ranging from 97.6 to 101.8% of the labeled amount of levodopa. In addition, several closely related amino acids in these commercial preparations were identified and quantified.
Lamentations 5:21 within the Development of Thomas Aquinas' Theology of the Grace of Conversion

As a case study in Thomas Aquinas' use of Scripture, this article examines his appeals to Lamentations 5:21 over the course of his career, highlighting the ways in which it informs the development of his mature theology of the grace of conversion. These considerations show how key Scripture verses not only inspire the material content of Thomas' theology, but also serve as indispensible formal components for its expression.
Palmar digital neurectomy in horses. 57 cases (1984-1990).

The medical records of 57 horses that had palmar digital neurectomy performed between 1984 and 1990 were reviewed. Neurectomies were performed either by transection and elec-trocoagulation (47 horses) or by the guillotine technique (10 horses). Middle-aged geldings, Quarter Horses, and Thoroughbreds were significantly over-represented when compared with the hospital population. Horses used as hunter/jumpers also appeared to be over-represented. Complications occurred in 17 (34%) of the 50 horses for which follow-up information was obtained. Recurrence of heel pain was the most common complication (14 horses). Palpable painful neuromas were detected in three horses. One year after neurectomy, 74% of the horses were sound; this decreased to 63% after 2 years.
Nonequilibrium fluctuations, fluctuation theorems, and counting statistics in quantum systems

Fluctuation theorems (FTs), which describe some universal properties of nonequilibrium fluctuations, are examined from a quantum perspective and derived by introducing a two-point measurement on the system. FTs for closed and open systems driven out of equilibrium by an external time-dependent force, and for open systems maintained in a nonequilibrium steady state by nonequilibrium boundary conditions, are derived from a unified approach. Applications to fermion and boson transport in quantum junctions are discussed. Quantum master equations and Green's functions techniques for computing the energy and particle statistics are presented.
THE EFFECTS OF COOLING ON AN IDENTIFIED REFLEX PATHWAY IN THE COCKROACH (PERIPLANETA AMERICANA), IN RELATION TO CHILL-COMA

1.The effects of cooling were studied in relation to ( a ) the impairment of locomotion (i.e. chill-coma) and ( b ) the functioning of various components of the monosynaptic trochanteral hair plate reflex in the cockroach, Peri-planeta americana . 2.The mean temperature for onset of chill-coma was 10.5 °C. At this temperature animals were unable to right themselves and visible tremors of the legs and body occurred. 3.Extracellular recordings from metathoracic nerve 5 indicated that cooling from 24 to 15 °C caused a decrease in the background spiking rate of motor neurone Ds. However, cooling from 12 to 9 °C caused a marked increase in the spiking frequency of both Ds and other unidentified neurones. This increase in spiking activity is the probable basis of leg and body tremors that occur during chill-coma. 4.Monosynaptic coupling between hair plate afferent spikes and Ds spikes (following electrical stimulation of the hair plate) was markedly affected by cooling. At 25 °C, hair plate afferent and Ds spikes were always tightly coupled to one another, whereas at 10 °C coupling was very weak. Several lines of evidence suggest that this loss of coupling was the result of failure of central synaptic transmission. The reduced effectiveness of central synaptic transmission during cooling may be a critical factor in the impairment of locomotor ability associated with chill-coma.
Bridging the gap between physiology and molecular biology: new approaches to perpetual questions

Living organisms are the result of precise and complex associations of regulatory systems in which active biomolecules interact with one another and respond to the challenges of growth and development, alterations in the environment, and disease. Understanding of body homeostasis may be accomplished at various levels of scientific endeavor. Physiological research has brought about an enormous understanding of the fundamental principles that sustain life in health and disease. The field of molecular biology has provided new tools and strategies with which to examine physiological processes as viewed from the level of fundamental biomolecules. The integration of both fields as "molecular physiology" has provided the opportunity for another level of scientific understanding and the opening of new avenues of research. Renin is one such molecule that participates in the control of several diverse physiological responses including changes in blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, renal function, and perhaps some elements of growth and differentiation. Because of the authors' bias, this review article will use renin to introduce many of the techniques of molecular biology and illustrate the areas of ongoing and potential interdependent activities resulting in the emerging field of molecular physiology.
Introduction: the need for new directions in research on work organization and health.

The articles in this issue of the Journal conclude the Special Section on work organization and health, dedicated to the late Beitil Gardell. We review here the earlier articles, which have addressed issues such as: the social epidemiology and psychobiology of work and health, psychosocial prevention and work reform, international developments in health policy, and multidisciplinary theoretical developments. The articles in this issue urge an expansion and redirection of research effort in this field into two new areas. The first article examines the relationship between gender, control, and work stress. It is proposed that because the vast majority of studies have previously been performed on males, there is a growing need to examine the work organization conditions of females. The second article discusses the need for a further expansion of knowledge concerning the underlying pathobiological mechanisms that link work stress exposure to chronic illness, and presents a biologically based model of the impa...
Measurement-based investigation of inter- and intra-area effects of wind power plant integration

Abstract This paper has a two pronged objective: the first objective is to analyze the general effects of wind power plant (WPP) integration and the resulting displacement of conventional power plant (CPP) inertia on power system stability and the second is to demonstrate the efficacy of PMU data in power system stability analyses, specifically when knowledge of the network is incomplete. Traditionally modal analysis applies small signal stability analysis based on Eigenvalues and the assumption of complete knowledge of the network and all of its components. The analysis presented here differs because it is a measurement-based investigation and employs simulated measurement data. Even if knowledge of the network were incomplete, this methodology would allow for monitoring and analysis of modes. This allows non-utility entities and study of power system stability. To generate inter- and intra-area modes, Kundur’s well-known two-area four-generator system is modeled in PSCAD/EMTDC. A doubly-fed induction generator based WPP model, based on the Western Electricity Coordination Council (WECC) standard model, is included to analyze the effects of wind power on system modes. The two-area system and WPP are connected in various configurations with respect to WPP placement, CPP inertia and WPP penetration level. Analysis is performed on the data generated by the simulations. For each simulation run, a different configuration is chosen and a large disturbance is applied. The sampling frequency is set to resemble the sampling frequency at which data is available from phasor measurement units (PMUs). The estimate of power spectral density of these signals is made using the Yule–Walker algorithm. The resulting analysis shows that the presence of a WPP does not, of itself, lead to the introduction of new modes. The analysis also shows however that displacement of inertia may lead to introduction of new modes. The effects of location of inertia displacement (i.e. the effects on modes if WPP integration leads to displacement of inertia in its own region or in another region) and of WPP controls such as droop control and synthetic inertia are also examined. In future work, the methods presented here will be applied to real-world phasor data to examine the effects of integration of variable generation and displacement of CPP inertia on inter- and intra-area modes.
Rilpivirine and Doravirine Have Complementary Efficacies Against NNRTI-Resistant HIV-1 Mutants.

Background Rilpivirine (RPV) is the latest non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) to be approved by Food and Drug Administration to combat HIV-1 infections. NNRTIs inhibit the chemical step in viral DNA synthesis by binding to an allosteric site located about 10 A from the polymerase active site of reverse transcriptase (RT). Although NNRTIs potently inhibit the replication of wild-type HIV-1, the binding site is not conserved, and mutations arise in the binding pocket. Doravirine (DOR) is a new NNRTI in phase III clinical trials. Methods Using a single round HIV-1 infection assay, we tested RPV and DOR against a broad panel of NNRTI-resistant mutants to determine their respective activities. We also used molecular modeling to determine if the susceptibility profile of each compound was related to how they bind RT. Results Several mutants displayed decreased susceptibility to DOR. However, with the exception of E138K, our data suggest that the mutations that reduce the potency of DOR and RPV are non-overlapping. Thus, these 2 NNRTIs have the potential to be used together in combination therapy. We also show that the location at which DOR and RPV bind with the NNRTI binding pocket of RT correlates with the differences in their respective susceptibility to the panel of NNRTI-resistance mutations. Conclusions This shows that (1) DOR is susceptible to a number of well-known NNRTI resistance mutations and (2) an understanding of the mutational susceptibilities and binding interactions of NNRTIs with RT could be used to develop pairs of compounds with non-overlapping mutational susceptibilities.
Factors Influencing Reproductive Attributes of Stone Crabs (Menippe) in Tampa Bay, Florida

ABSTRACT Understanding aspects of reproduction is important for studies of life history strategy and for resource management. The influences of nine factors (five intrinsic, four extrinsic) on the reproductive attributes egg diameter, egg dry weight, and clutch size (i.e., number of eggs in egg mass) of female stone crabs (genus Menippe (Say)) from Tampa Bay, FL, waters were investigated. Two intrinsic factors influenced reproductive attributes: carapace width was positively correlated with clutch size, and egg stage was positively related to egg size. Three intrinsic factors—genotype class, damaged or missing pleopods, and missing claws or legs—had no influence on any reproductive attribute. The four extrinsic factors each influenced at least two reproductive attributes. Egg diameter and weight were significantly larger and clutch size was significantly smaller (1) in females uninfested by Octolasmis mulleri; (2) during the early part of the spawning season, when water temperature was 27°C or less; and (...
Features and Direction of County Electric Power Communication Network in China

Based on the bidirectional communication technology of high integration and high speed,the power system will build the unified smart grid about "power,information and business".As the interior communication of power system and the interactive network of information of power grid and users,the electric power communication network will support the monitoring and control of network state,and the interactive information service of users,it makes the grid more reliable,flexible and intelligent.For the basis and characteristics of county electric power communication network in China,combined with the development of smart grid,this paper analyzes the characteristics of the planning and construction of county-level electric power communication network,contrasts the economy and applicability of the different levels of power grid communication technology.Finally,it proposes the characteristics and direction of county electric power communications network in China.
Bioluminescent Mammalian Cells Grown in Sponge Matrices to Monitor Immune Rejection

The growth and bioluminescence of cells seeded in collagen and gelatin sponge matrices were compared in vitro under different conditions, and immune rejection was quantified and visualized directly in situ based on loss of bioluminescence activity. Mammalian cells expressing a Renilla luciferase complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) were used to seed collagen and gelatin sponge matrices soaked in either polylysine or gelatin to determine optimal growth conditions in vitro. The sponges were incubated in tissue culture plates for 3 weeks and received 2, 9, or 15 injections of coelenterazine. Measurements of bioluminescence activity indicated that gelatin sponges soaked in gelatin emitted the highest levels of light emission, multiple injections of coelenterazine did not affect light emission significantly, and light emission from live cells grown in sponges could be measured qualitatively but not quantitatively. Histologic analysis of sponge matrices cultured in vitro showed that cells grew best in gelatin matrices. Visualization of subcutaneously implanted sponges in mice showed accelerated loss of light emission in immunocompetent BALB/c mice compared with immunodeficient BALB/c-scid mice, which was associated with increased cell infiltration. Our results indicate that sponge matrices carrying bioluminescent mammalian cells are a valid model system to study immune rejection in situ.
Extracorporeal Lung Support as a Bridge to Airway Stenting and Radiotherapy for Airway-Obstructing Pancoast Tumor.

Venovenous (V-V) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used for respiratory failure that is suspected to be reversible (bridge to recovery), or as a bridge to lung transplantation. Patients with proximal airway obstruction due to endobronchial malignancy can develop acute respiratory failure, and may benefit from V-V ECMO as a bridge to airway intervention, further treatment, and eventual recovery. We describe a case of a superior sulcus tumor with tracheobronchial and superior vena cava invasion causing both respiratory failure and superior vena cava syndrome. This was treated successfully with V-V ECMO, bronchial stenting, and radiotherapy.
SU-F-T-87: Comparison of Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques for Post- Mastectomy Breast Cancer Patients

Purpose: To determine if bolus electron conformal therapy (Bolus-ECT) combined with intensity modulated x-ray therapy (IMXT) and flattening filter free volumetric modulated arc therapy (FFF-VMAT (6x and 10x)) can maintain equal or better dose coverage than standard volumetric modulated arc therapy (Std-VMAT) while reducing doses to organs at risk (OARs). Methods: Bolus-ECT with IMXT, FFF-VMAT, and Std-VMAT treatment plans were produced for ten post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) patients previously treated at our clinic. The treatment plans were created on commercially available treatment planning system (TPS) and all completed treatment plans were reviewed and approved by a radiation oncologist. The plans were evaluated based on planning target volume (PTV) coverage, tumor control probability (TCP), dose homogeneity index (DHI), conformity index (CI), and dose to organs at risk (OAR). Results: All techniques produced clinically acceptable PMRT plans. Overall, Bolus-ECT with IMXT exhibited higher maximum dose compared to all VMAT techniques. Bolus-ECT with IMXT and FFF-VMAT10x had slightly improved TCP over FFF-VMAT6x and Std-VMAT. However, all VMAT techniques showed improved CI and DHI over Bolus-ECT with IMXT. All techniques showed very similar mean lung dose. Bolus-ECT with IMXT exhibited a reduced mean heart dose over Std-VMAT. Both FFF-VMAT techniques had higher mean heart dose compared to Std-VMAT. In addition, Bolus-ECT with IMXT was able to reduce mean dose to the contralateral breast compared to Std-VMAT and both FFF-VMAT techniques had comparable but slightly reduced dose compared to Std-VMAT. Conclusion: This work has shown that Bolus-ECT with IMXT produces clinically acceptable plans while reducing OAR doses. Both FFF-VMAT techniques are comparable to Std-VMAT with slight improvements. Even though all VMAT techniques produce more homogenous and conformal dose distributions, Bolus-ECT with IMXT is a viable option for treating post-mastectomy patients possibly leading to reduced risks of normal tissue complications.
A body-contact SOI MOSFET model for circuit simulation

Making contact to the body of a partially depleted (PD) SOI transistor offers another degree of design freedom. For example, DTMOS (Assaderaghi et al., 1994) has demonstrated that the body-contact can be used to enhance the power/delay performance. It has also been shown that the body-contact plays an important role in eliminating the floating-body instability (Chuang, 1998) for sensitive circuits. A complete SPICE model that explicitly addresses the nonidealities of the body-contact is surely needed for SOI circuit design. Here, we present a compact body-contact SOI MOSFET model that has been implemented in BSIMPD2.0 for circuit simulation.
Extraction chromatography of the Rf homologs, Zr and Hf, using TEVA and UTEVA resins in HCl, HNO3, and H2SO4 media

The extraction behavior of the Rf homologs, Zr and Hf, has been studied in HCl, HNO3, and H2SO4 media using TEVA® (a trioctyl and tridecyl methyl ammonium-based resin) and UTEVA® (a diamyl amylphosphonate-based resin). All six systems were considered for the future chemical characterization of Rf. Batch uptake studies were first performed to determine which systems could separate Zr and Hf and these results were used to determine what acid concentration range to focus on for the column studies. The batch uptake studies showed that UTEVA separates Zr and Hf in all media, while the intergroup separation was only observed in HCl media with TEVA. Both HCl systems showed viability for potential extraction chromatographic studies of Rf.
Ablation of two Major Phosphorylation Sites in RyR2 Alter Sarcoplamic Reticulum Calcium Handling and Increases the Propensity to Atrial Fibrillation

Rationale: Compelling data indicate that excessive Ca2+ leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) contribute to atrial fibrillation (AF) pathogenesis. However, the role of RyR2 phosphorylation in Ca2+ leak in particular and cardiac diseases in general remains controversial. Aim: To investigate the effect of genetic inhibition of two major RyR2 phosphorylation sites on the channel function and atrial arrhythmogenesis. Methods and Results: We performed programmed electrical stimulation in anesthetized wild type (WT) mice and in mice harboring two RyR2 mutations that prevent PKA and CaMKII phosphorylation (S2808A and S2814A, respectively). Surprisingly, the double knock-in (DKI) mice exhibited increased incidence of AF episodes (5.2±3% WT vs 45±5% DKI, p<0.05). Confocal Ca2+ imaging showed that atrial myocytes from the DKI mouse have 30% increases in fractional Ca2+ release. Patch clamping in voltage mode coupled to confocal imaging revealed increased EC coupling gain in DKI myocytes (1.69±0.14 WT vs 2.53±0.28 DKI, at +10 mV). In I-current mode, DKI myocytes showed increased incidence of DADs after 2.0 Hz of pacing (5.94±0.10 min-1 WT vs 7.9±0.30 DKI min-1; p<0.05). Importantly, whereas the response of SR Ca2+ release to adrenergic stimulation was intact in DKI myocytes, the RyR2-mediated leak was higher (spark mass x spark frequency: 38.22±5.72 WT vs 115.1 ± 26.4 DKI; p<0.05). RyR2 restitution assays showed a faster recovery from refractoriness (τ = 170±12 WT vs 120±11 ms DKI, p<0.05). Moreover, [3H]ryanodine binding assays showed 2-fold increase of RyR2 activity in atrial homogenates from DKI at equivalent systolic and diastolic ]Ca2+]. Conclusion: Ablation of two major RyR2 phosphorylation sites increased the activity of the channel and was associated with increased susceptibility to AF.
Successful management of acute interstitial nephritis in two cases of disseminated tuberculosis

Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is characterized by an inflammatory infiltrate in the kidney interstitium and a decline in the creatinine clearance. Medications used for the treatment of tuberculosis have been implicated in the development of AIN, but there is limited data on how to manage AIN in this setting and which medications and dosages should be used to treat tuberculosis once AIN occurs. We describe two cases of AIN in the setting of disseminated tuberculosis in which AIN was successfully managed. It is recommended that Infectious Diseases and Nephrology be involved early in the care of these patients, preferably in an inpatient setting in order to expedite diagnosis and management.
Qualitative stability of matrices and economic theory: a survey article

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses qualitative stability of matrices and economic theory. It describes the stability properties of qualitatively specified matrices, that is, matrices characterized by the sign pattern of their entries. Qualitatively specified matrices are of special importance in the development of some aspects of economic theory, particularly in comparative statics analysis of both micro and macro models and in the study of the convergence properties of the competitive economy. If a market is in equilibrium, then price is left unchanged. In the tâtonnement process, no trading takes place until equilibrium is simultaneously achieved in all markets. A basic concept that is employed in qualitative analysis is the notion of a qualitative matrix. Stability in the sense of sign stability uses only qualitative information concerning a matrix and is properly regarded as a purely qualitative concept. A matrix A is said to be a stable matrix if the real part of each characteristic root of A is negative.
Rational quantitative attribution of beliefs, desires and percepts in human mentalizing

Social cognition depends on our capacity for ‘mentalizing’, or explaining an agent’s behaviour in terms of their mental states. The development and neural substrates of mentalizing are well-studied, but its computational basis is only beginning to be probed. Here we present a model of core mentalizing computations: inferring jointly an actor’s beliefs, desires and percepts from how they move in the local spatial environment. Our Bayesian theory of mind (BToM) model is based on probabilistically inverting artificial-intelligence approaches to rational planning and state estimation, which extend classical expected-utility agent models to sequential actions in complex, partially observable domains. The model accurately captures the quantitative mental-state judgements of human participants in two experiments, each varying multiple stimulus dimensions across a large number of stimuli. Comparative model fits with both simpler ‘lesioned’ BToM models and a family of simpler non-mentalistic motion features reveal the value contributed by each component of our model. A Bayesian theory of mind model is shown to infer and quantify the mental state and judgements of humans in decision-making scenarios. The model is a key step towards enabling machines to ‘intuit’ human thoughts and desires.
Potential Financial Payoffs to End-User Developers

What are the benefits of end-user development (EUD) to the average worker? This paper provides one quantitative answer to this question by using historical data to analyze the relationship between worker earnings and two forms of EUD. The analysis indicates that American workers who used both spreadsheets/databases, and who also each did programming, earned on the order of 10% more than peers who did neither of these activities.
Arbitrage and Its Physical Limits

We extend the Limits to Arbitrage literature by studying how physical constraints affect financial arbitrage in commodity markets. Using the U.S. crude oil market as our experimental setting, we document substantial economically significant violations of the no-arbitrage futures pricing conditions due to storage capacity constraints at the WTI futures delivery hub. We also find evidence of financial constraints. Our findings are robust to different measures of physical constraints, and controls for potential effects of U.S. Oil Fund rolls. Our results highlight the importance of both physical and financial arbitrage limits in pricing commodity futures. We also contribute to the Theory of Storage literature, which has largely ignored storage limits, by documenting the effects of finite storage capacity.
Virtuous and Vicious Anger

I defend an account of when and why anger is morally virtuous or vicious. Anger often manifests what we care about; a sports fan gets angry when her favorite team loses because she cares about the team doing well. Anger, I argue, is made morally virtuous or vicious by the underlying care or concern. Anger is virtuous when it manifests moral concern and vicious when it manifests moral indifference or ill will. In defending this view, I reject two common views about anger and moral character. First, I respond to several arguments that attempt to show that all anger is vicious. Then I respond to the view that some anger is required to be a virtuous person. Anger, on my view, can be morally virtuous but is not a necessary condition for being a virtuous person. This best accommodates not only morally irrelevant failures to get angry but also allows for emotional variation among virtuous people.
Immigrant Elders: Are We Missing Them? An Examination of Leisure Participation and Identity Among Immigrant Elders

Limited attention has been directed to the recreation and leisure needs of immigrant elders. This paper examines how involvement in recreation and leisure activities contributes to positive identity solidification and self-efficacy among immigrant elders who may be isolated and marginalized.