cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy Comprehensive Assessment on Failure Criterion of Pressure Piping Containing Defects

Determination of the acceptable failure probability criterion of the pressure piping containing defects is indispensable study in the reliability assessment methodology of pressure piping containing defects. In order to assess the reliability of pressure piping containing defects, the failure probability of the pressure piping containing defects ought to be obtained in first. At the same time, according to the failure probability and the acceptable failure probability criterion of the pressure piping, we have to assess the safety of the piping. From the engineering practical application of view in the article, and with the method of fuzzy comprehensive assessment, the acceptable failure probability criterion of the pressure piping containing defects is derived.
C–N bond hydrogenolysis of aniline and cyclohexylamine over TaOx–Al2O3

TaOx grafted onto Al2O3 is investigated for C–N bond cleavage of amines under H2 pressure. Heteroaromatics such as aniline are stoichiometrically denitrogenated at high temperature, while cyclohexylamine is catalytically denitrogenated. UV-visible and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate the formation of a stable Ta–N species in the former case.
Growth Regulation of Breast Cancer

The normal proliferation of breast epithelium at the time of puberty is dependent on increasing ovarian estrogen concentrations. Breast cancers also appear to be regulated by estrogens. Approximately 60% of metastatic breast tumors express estrogen receptors (ERs), and 50% of these can be treated effectively with hormonal manipulation. Risk factors for breast cancer include early menarche, nulliparity, increased height or weight, and late menopause, all suggestive that prolonged estrogen exposure unopposed by progesterone may be important in breast cancer development [122].
Mobility Status as a Predictor of Obesity, Physical Activity, and Screen Time Use among Children Aged 5-11 Years in the United States

Objective To examine physical activity participation, screen time habits, and the prevalence of overweight/obesity among children in the general population with mobility limitations and those enrolled in special education services. Study design An observational, cross-sectional analysis of the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a representative sample of the US population. Mobility limitations, special education services utilization, proxy-reported physical activity and screen time, and overweight/obesity status were assessed in children aged 5-11 years. Results Boys with mobility limitations were less likely to meet physical activity guidelines (≥60 minutes daily) compared with those with no limitations (58.1% vs 74.4%, adjusted F = 4.61, P = .04). In a logistic regression model, boys with mobility limitations had significantly lower odds (0.42, 95% CI 0.20-0.86) of meeting physical activity guidelines. The prevalence of children meeting screen time recommendations (≤2 hours daily) among those receiving special education services (42.4%) was lower than children not receiving services (53.2%; adjusted F = 8.87, P P = .07) of meeting screen time recommendations. No statistically significant differences for overweight/obesity were found. Conclusions Clear differences were present in physical activity between boys with and without mobility limitations. Furthermore, children receiving special education services demonstrated a lower likelihood of meeting screen time recommendations. Children with disabilities may benefit from targeted interventions aimed at increasing physical activity while decreasing screen time.
Two Invisible Hands: Family, Markets, and the Adam Smith Problem

Smith scholarship is split on whether the apparent conflict between self-interest in the Wealth of Nations (WN) and sympathy in the Theory of Moral Sentiments (TMS) indicates an intractable problem or is merely the result of a misunderstanding of Smith’s overall system. This chapter is written as a response both to the believers in das Adam Smith Problem and to those who offer a way of pulling the two texts together. In the first place, I argue that das Adam Smith Problem highlights the complexity of Smith’s body of work and his belief that the motives for behavior in the private sphere will be different from and sometimes conflict with the rules of the public sphere. Second, I argue that the higher-level economic order relies fundamentally on norms of behavior and rules of conduct that are nourished by the sympathy fostered in the lower-level orders of family and friends. At the same time, the economic order affects these lower orders, influencing in turn the norms of behavior and rules of conduct that support economic activity. Understanding how these different levels of order interact is central to understanding the often murky link between economics and morality. Such an understanding also begs for the rescue of the social sciences from the silos of separate political and economic analysis back to a Smithian ‘moral philosophy’ that takes into account human social behavior in its many forms.
Comparison of crash rates and rear-end striking crashes among novice teens and experienced adults using the SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Study.

ABSTRACTObjective: Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for teens. Previous teen and adult crash rates have been based upon fatal crashes, police-reported crashes, and estimated miles driven. Large-scale naturalistic driving studies offer the opportunity to compute crash rates using a reliable methodology to capture crashes and driving exposure. The Strategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP2) Naturalistic Driving Study contains extensive real-world data on teen and adult driving. This article presents findings on the crash rates of novice teen and experienced adult drivers in naturalistic crashes.Methods: A subset from the SHRP2 database consisting of 539 crash events for novice teens (16–19 years, n = 549) and experienced adults (35–54 years, n = 591) was used. Onboard instrumentation such as scene cameras, accelerometers, and Global Positioning System logged time series data at 10 Hz. Scene videos were reviewed for all events to identify rear-end striking crashes. Dynamic variables such...
Cosolvents as Liquid Surfactants for Boron Nitride Nanosheet (BNNS) Dispersions

Despite a range of promising applications, liquid-phase exfoliation of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) is limited, both by low yield in common solvents as well as the disadvantages of using dissolved surfactants. One recently reported approach is the use of cosolvent systems to increase the as-obtained concentration of BNNS; the role of these solvents in aiding exfoliation and/or aiding colloidal stability of BNNSs is difficult to distinguish. In this paper, we have investigated the use of a t-butanol/water cosolvent to disperse BNNSs. We utilize solvent-exchange experiments to demonstrate that the t-butanol is in fact essential to colloidal stability; we then utilized molecular dynamics simulations to explore the mechanism of t-butanol/BNNS interactions. Taken together, the experimental and simulation results show that the key to the success of t-butanol (as compared to the other alcohols of higher or lower molecular weight) lies in its ability to act as a “liquid dispersant” which allows it to favorabl...
An avalanche rugged NPT trench IGBT used in single-ended quasi resonant topology for induction heating appliance

A 1000 V NPT (non-punch through) trench IGBT is developed for the single-ended quasi resonant circuit. Optimizing trench cell design and NPT technology, high avalanche ruggedness as well as the outstanding static and dynamic performances is obtained. Comparing the PT trench IGBT having the identical design and processes, it is also empirically shown that the developed NPT trench IGBT has significantly improved avalanche capability under the various test conditions for the IH application using the quasi resonant topology and reduces the instantaneous device failures resulting from inadequate avalanche ruggedness under abnormal operating condition
Antipredator response of Eurycea nana to a nocturnal and a diurnal predator: avoidance is not affected by circadian cycles of predators

Both predators and prey exhibit cyclic shifts in activity throughout the day, which should cause the threat posed by predators to change in a recurrent pattern. If the threat posed by a predator is dependent on their circadian foraging cycle, prey may respond more or less intensely to predators at different times of day, thereby maximizing the effectiveness and efficiency of avoidance behaviors. We examined whether predator-naive Eurycea nana , a federally threatened neotenic salamander, exhibits a different antipredator response to chemical cues of a diurnal predator, the green sunfish ( Lepomis cyanellus ), and a nocturnal predator, the red swamp crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii ). We predicted that E. nana would show more intense antipredator responses (reduced activity) to a diurnal predator during the day and to a nocturnal predator at night. We found that, although there was significant antipredator behavior of E. nana toward sunfish, there was no detectable response to crayfish and no effect of time of day on responses to either predator, suggesting that either E. nana does not innately exhibit circadian patterns in avoidance of these species or that those patterns were undetectable in this study. Future studies should examine whether experience with predators may cause these salamanders to be more sensitive to the diel variation in threat, as has been found with some other amphibians and fish. Due to the threatened nature of this species, understanding the factors that influence antipredator behavior are crucial for management.
cis-regulatory circuits regulating NEK6 kinase overexpression in transformed B cells Are super-enhancer independent

Alterations in distal regulatory elements that control gene expression underlie many diseases, including cancer. Epigenomic analyses of normal and diseased cells have produced correlative predictions for connections between dysregulated enhancers and target genes involved in pathogenesis. However, with few exceptions, these predicted cis-regulatory circuits remain untested. Here, we dissect cis-regulatory circuits that lead to overexpression of NEK6, a mitosis-associated kinase, in human B cell lymphoma. We find that only a minor subset of predicted enhancers is required for NEK6 expression. Indeed, an annotated super-enhancer is dispensable for NEK6 overexpression and for maintaining the architecture of a B cell-specific regulatory hub. A CTCF cluster serves as a chromatin and architectural boundary to block communication of the NEK6 regulatory hub with neighboring genes. Our findings emphasize that validation of predicted cis-regulatory circuits and super-enhancers is needed to prioritize transcriptional control elements as therapeutic targets.
The relationship between working hours, family demands and resources, health, and salary growth.

The Difference in Men’s and Women’s Responses to Working Hours: A Longitudinal Study of the Curvilinear Relationship between Working Hours, Family Demands and Resources, Health, and Salary Growth. ...
A virtual testbed for security management of industrial control systems

Industrial Control Systems (ICS), at the heart of critical infrastructures, have been developing into more and more powerful tools over the years with the incorporation of networking and cyber, among other, technologies. As with great power comes great risks, ICS's inherited risks and vulnerabilities not only from the cyber domain but also gave rise to unique security risks and vulnerabilities. Security management, i.e., identifying vulnerabilities, assessing threats, preventing and tolerating malicious and harmful activities, mitigating and recovering from attacks, etc., for ICS's have been identified as a key, if not the key, area for the protection of critical infrastructures. The importance of a test-bed mimicking a real-life ICS and having capabilities to support ICS security management is paramount. In this paper, after briefly surveying the vulnerabilities in ICS and surveying the existing ICS test-beds, we describe the implementation of a virtual ICS testbed controlling the distribution breaker system of a power grid. We also describe simulating two cyber attacks using the testbed.
The Making of Modern Cruelty

Modern cruelty to animals is both more extensive and more intensive than it was before Industrial Revolution. I attribute these trends to the ascendancy of distancing institutions (such as slaughterhouses and meat-packing plants) and the growing capacity for willful blindness. As we continue to specialize in tasks, find more distancing institutions, and invent ways of promoting willful blindness, we grow more oblivious to our cruelty to animals. We continue to weaken the link from cruelty to compassion, thereby inflicting more cruelty on animals. Further, when there is more cruelty, there is more incentive to promote willful blindness. Cruelty and blindness feed on each other.
Growing Critically Conscious Teachers: A Social Justice Curriculum for Educators of Latino/a Youth, edited by A. Valenzuela

Between 1990 and 2005, the population of English Language Learners has more than doubled in the United States (O. Garcia, Kleifgen, & Falchi, 2008), and as of 2008, the United States was the second...
The SCL gene product : a positive regulator of erythroid differentiation

Abstract The SCL (tal-1, TCL5) gene is a member of the basic domain, helix-loop-helix (bHLH) class of putative transcription factors. We found that (i) the SCL promoter for exon Ia contains a potential recognition site for GATA-binding transcription factors, (ii) SCL mRNA is expressed in all erythroid tissues and cell lines examined, and (iii) SCL mRNA increases upon induced differentiation of murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells, and inferred that SCL may play a physiologic role in erythroid differentiation. We used gel shift and transfection assays to demonstrate that the GATA motif in the SCL promoter binds GATA-1 (and GATA-2), and also mediates transcriptional transactivation. To identify a role for SCL in erythroid differentiation, we generated stable transfectants of MEL and K562 (a human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line that can differentiate along the erythroid pathway) cells overexpressing wild-type, antisense or mutant SCL cDNA. Increasing the level of SCL expression in two independent MEL lines (F4-6 and C19, a 745 derivative) and K562 cells increased the rate of spontaneous (i.e. in the absence of inducer) erythroid differentiation. Conversely, induced differentiation was inhibited in MEL transfectants expressing either antisense SCL cDNA or a mutant SCL lacking the basic domain. Our experiments suggest that the SCL gene can be a target for the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 and that the SCL gene product serves as a positive regulator of erythroid differentiation.
Functional Outcomes of Type I Bicuspid Aortic Valve Repair With Annular Stabilization: Subcommissural Annuloplasty Versus External Subannular Aortic Ring

Background In bicuspid aortic valve patients with nonaneurysmal root ( Methods From 2003 to 2017, 139 patients underwent type I bicuspid aortic valve repair, of which 50 patients underwent concomitant SCA and 24 underwent ESAR. Cases with suboptimal echocardiographic imaging were excluded, resulting in 38 patients in the SCA group and 20 patients in ESAR group. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography before and after procedure were retrospectively analyzed for 11 parameters in the functional aortic root complex. Results ESAR patients had larger preoperative annulus (28.3 ± 3.2 mm versus 29.8 ± 3.7 mm, p = 0.1) and left ventricular (LV) outflow tract (28.1 ± 3.5 mm versus 29.8 ± 4.0 mm, p = 0.1) diameters, with greater leaflet prolapse (3.4 ± 1.3 mm versus 4.3 ± 1.3, p = 0.02). In both groups, 100% freedom from AI greater than 1+ was achieved, with significant reduction of vena contracta (–3.0 ± 0.6 mm, p Conclusions In addition to providing equivalent and excellent freedom from AI, ESAR also renders a more robust annular reduction than SCA, along with improved transvalvular gradients.
Preliminary analysis: Background parenchymal 18F-FDG uptake in breast cancer patients appears to correlate with background parenchymal enhancement and to vary by distance from the index cancer

Abstract Purpose To investigate how breast parenchymal uptake (BPU) of 18F-FDG on positron emission tomography/ magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) in patients with breast cancer is related to background parenchymal enhancement (BPE), amount of fibroglandular tissue (FGT), and age, as well as whether BPU varies as a function of distance from the primary breast cancer. Materials and Methods In this institutional review board (IRB)-approved retrospective study, 40 patients (all female, ages 32–80 years, mean 52 years) gave informed consent prior to undergoing contrast enhanced breast PET/MRI from 3/2015 to 2/2018. Of the 40 patients, 6 were excluded for multicentric or bilateral cancers, 1 for current lactation and 6 because the raw data from their scans were corrupted. The remaining 27 patients (all female, ages 33 to 80 years, mean age 53 years) comprised the study population. Prone PET and contrast-enhanced MR data were acquired simultaneously on a 3-T integrated PET/ MR system. BPU was measured as SUVmax of a 1.5 cm3 volume of interest 1) in the same quadrant of the ipsilateral breast, 5 mm from the index lesion; 2) in the opposite quadrant of the ipsilateral breast; and 3) in contralateral breast, quadrant matched to the opposite quadrant of the ipsilateral breast. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the index cancer was measured using a VOI that included the entire volume of the index lesion. Bleed from the primary tumor was corrected for (PET edge, MIM). FGT and BPE was assessed by 2 readers on a 4-point scale in accordance with BI-RADS lexicon. The Wilcoxon signed rank test and the Spearman rank correlation test were performed. Results BPU was significantly greater in the same quadrant as the breast cancer as compared with the opposite quadrant of the same breast (p Conclusion There appears to be an inverse correlation between metabolic activity of normal breast parenchyma and distance from the index cancer. BPU significantly correlates with BPE.
Interaction of Human Drug-Metabolizing CYP3A4 with Small Inhibitory Molecules

Binding of small inhibitory compounds to human cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) could interfere with drug metabolism and lead to drug-drug interactions, the underlying mechanism of which is not fully understood due to insufficient structural information. This study investigated the interaction of recombinant CYP3A4 with a nonspecific inhibitor metyrapone, antifungal drug fluconazole, and protease inhibitor phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). Metyrapone and fluconazole are classic type II ligands that inhibit CYP3A4 with medium strength by ligating to the heme iron, whereas PMSF, lacking the heme-ligating moiety, acts as a weak type I ligand and inhibitor of CYP3A4. High-resolution crystal structures revealed that the orientation of metyrapone is similar but not identical to that in the previously reported 1W0G model, whereas the flexible fluconazole adapts a conformer markedly different from that observed in the target CYP51 enzymes, which could explain its high potential for cross-reactivity. Besides hydrophobic and aromatic interactions with the heme and active site residues, both drugs establish water-mediated contacts that stabilize the inhibitory complexes. PMSF also binds near the catalytic center, with the phenyl group parallel to the heme. However, it does not displace the water ligand and is held in place via strong H-bonds formed by the sulfofluoride moiety with Ser119 and Arg212. Collectively, our data suggest that PMSF might have multiple binding sites and likely occupies the high-affinity site in the crystal structure. Moreover, its hydrolysis product, phenylmethanesulfonic acid, can also access and be retained in the CYP3A4 active site. Therefore, to avoid experimental artifacts, PMSF should be excluded from purification and assay solutions.
Large-scale analysis of test–retest reliabilities of self-regulation measures

The ability to regulate behavior in service of long-term goals is a widely studied psychological construct known as self-regulation. This wide interest is in part due to the putative relations between self-regulation and a range of real-world behaviors. Self-regulation is generally viewed as a trait, and individual differences are quantified using a diverse set of measures, including self-report surveys and behavioral tasks. Accurate characterization of individual differences requires measurement reliability, a property frequently characterized in self-report surveys, but rarely assessed in behavioral tasks. We remedy this gap by (i) providing a comprehensive literature review on an extensive set of self-regulation measures and (ii) empirically evaluating test-retest reliability of this battery in a new sample. We find that dependent variables (DVs) from self-report surveys of self-regulation have high test-retest reliability, while DVs derived from behavioral tasks do not. This holds both in the literature and in our sample, although the test-retest reliability estimates in the literature are highly variable. We confirm that this is due to differences in between-subject variability. We also compare different types of task DVs (e.g., model parameters vs. raw response times) in their suitability as individual difference DVs, finding that certain model parameters are as stable as raw DVs. Our results provide greater psychometric footing for the study of self-regulation and provide guidance for future studies of individual differences in this domain.
The Efficacy of Auditory, Visual, and Tactile Feedback in Improving Speech and Intelligibility Skills of People with Severe to Profound Hearing Loss Across Varying Age Levels

Introduction Enhanced auditory, tactile, and visual feedback systems have been researched as alternative means of sensory feedback for people with severe to profound hearing loss to improve articulation and intelligibility of speech. The general consensus is that children with hearing loss are on average 20% intelligible, which translates to one word out of every five is understood by the listener. As children enter school, their speech intelligibility is often considered an indication of their abilities, meaning that low intelligibility could result in underestimation of potential. For adults who experience hearing loss, articulation has been shown to dramatically decrease over time, resulting in lowered intelligibility. Purpose The purpose of this research is to compare each form of feedback to determine which form of sensory feedback provides the highest levels of efficacy for preschool aged children (3 to 5 years), school aged children (6 to 17 years), and adults (18+ years). Conclusion A combination of biofeedback types is suggested for school aged children and adults, as each form demonstrated improvement for differing areas of speech. Visual and tactile are not recommended for the preschool children, as it is assumed these forms of feedback are too complex to be translated at this age. Tactile is not recommended for school aged children as there were inconclusive findings. For adults, each of the feedback systems demonstrated positive effects, indicating the three systems should be paired for optimal and most efficient results.
Advances and Opportunities in Transonic-Flow Computations

Three tools serve the aerodynamicist in acquiring an understanding of the physics of transonic flows and applying this understanding to the development of engineering hardware. These tools are analysis, computations, and experiment or testing. Analysis provides an understanding of the influence of design variables and flight conditions on aerodynamic performance, thereby establishing guidelines for configuration design (e.g., the area rule). Computations provide detailed flow-field information, an efficient means for design optimization, and a data source for calibrating experimental measurements. Testing provides accurate predictions of aerodynamic performance, an understanding of complex flows, and a means to verify computational methods.
Vaccinating the Patient with ESKD.

Infections account for 8% of the total mortality in ESKD patients ([1][1]). ESKD patients are at increased risk of infectious complications due to their immunosuppressed status. Metabolic complications of uremia cause abnormalities in monocyte and neutrophil function, as well as antigen processing,
The cultural practices of first-generation college graduates: The role of childhood cultural exposure

Abstract Using data from the 2012 Survey of Public Participation in the Arts, I examine the association between childhood cultural exposure and adult cultural practices and tastes for first-generation college graduates, comparing them with college graduates who have at least one college graduate parent (continuing-generation). Without accounting for childhood cultural exposure, first-generation graduates, with a few exceptions, have modestly lower rates of cultural participation, though they are more similar to those in their destination group than those in their origin group. Childhood cultural exposure is positively associated with adult participation, appears to explain some of the differences between first- and continuing-generation graduates, and appears to partially explain the higher extent to which continuing-generation graduates involve their own children in culture. My findings imply that treating all bachelor’s degree recipients as similar may overlook continuing cultural capital differences, and that early exposure to culture plays a role in these differences.
Is Education Consumption or Investment? Implications for School Competition

Milton Friedman argued that giving parents freedom to choose schools would improve education. His argument was simple and compelling because it extended results from markets for consumer goods to e...
Associations between gender norms and HIV self-efficacy among Latina immigrants in a farmworker community

Latina immigrant farmworkers are a vulnerable and understudied population that face a host of socio-cultural and structural barriers that place them at risk for HIV infection. Cultural factors, inc...
On the potential impacts of climate change on baseball and cross-country skiing

Rationale: The sport sector depends on the natural environment for critical resources such as energy, water, and in some cases, the field of play. As such, climate change will have implications for...
Introducing Machine Learning in a Sophomore Signals and Systems Course

This Innovative Practice Work in Progress Paper describes the experience and assessment of introducing machine learning concepts in a sophomore signals and systems course. Advanced machine learning concepts are typically covered in graduate level courses. However, as machine learning applications become more and more ubiquitous in our daily lives, it is important to expose students to machine learning concepts early at the undergraduate level. Signals and Systems I is a sophomore level course in the Electrical Engineering online bachelor degree curriculum. As the first course in signals and systems, it focuses on the basic concepts including signal transformation, linear time-invariant systems, Fourier series, Fourier transforms, Laplace and Z transforms. The course was taught using lecture videos and reading materials. MATLAB labs were also incorporated to introduce students to practical applications. Feedback from students showed their preference for more real world applications. This paper describes how a web-based simulation lab exercise was introduced to expose students to machine learning concepts. Specifically, students made the connection between machine learning and signals and systems concepts through a speech recognition application. In particular, students applied spectral analysis and identified voice features through pole/zero representation. To evaluate the effectiveness of the exercise, statistics from pre/post quizzes as well as student comments from a survey is analyzed.
Chapter 22 – Psychopharmacology for Social Anxiety Disorder

In this chapter we review the psychopharmacological treatment of social anxiety disorder (SAD). We present a summary of the clinical trials of medication for SAD focusing mainly on published placebo-controlled studies and meta-analyses. Based on their efficacy for SAD and common co-occurring disorders, tolerability and safety, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and venlafaxine should be considered the first-line pharmacological treatment for most patients. Less information is available regarding the optimal length of treatment or the management of treatment-resistant cases. Clinical experience and limited systematic data suggest that augmentation with benzodiazepines or gabapentin, or switching to monoamine oxidase inhibitors, benzodiazepines or gabapentin can be useful in treatment-resistant cases. Cognitive-behavioral treatment can also be a helpful adjunct or alternative in non-responders to pharmacological treatment of SAD.
Encoding of facial expressions in individuals with adult-onset myotonic dystrophy type 1.

Introduction: Emotional issues are often reported among individuals with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and some studies have suggested that deficits in ability to quickly encode emotions may contribute to these problems. However, poor performance on emotion encoding tasks could also be explained by a more general cognitive deficit (Full Scale IQ [FSIQ]), rather than a specific deficit in emotional processing. Since individuals with DM1 are known to exhibit difficulties in general cognitive abilities, it is important to account for FSIQ when evaluating emotion encoding. The aim of this study was to compare emotion encoding abilities between individuals with and without DM1, while adjusting for the impact of general cognitive abilities (FSIQ). Methods: The sample included 35 individuals with adult-onset DM1 and 54 unaffected adults who completed assessments of emotion encoding abilities (Ekman faces test) and general cognitive abilities (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV). Performance on the emotion encoding task was operationalized as proportion correct and response time. Group differences in proportion correct were evaluated with generalized linear regression, while linear regression models were used to determine the effect of group on response time. Models were adjusted for age, sex, and FSIQ. The false discovery rate (FDR) was applied to control false positives due to multiple comparisons (pfdr ). Results: No significant group differences were observed for emotion encoding abilities (all pfdr > 0.13). FSIQ was significantly associated with proportion correct and with response time (all pfdr < 0.05). Conclusions: Emotion encoding appears intact in individuals with DM1 and variation in the ability to encode facial expressions was associated with FSIQ. Further research is required to address the relationship between general cognitive abilities and emotion encoding abilities among DM1 patients.
Subject Guided Eye Image Synthesis with Application to Gaze Redirection

We propose a method for synthesizing eye images from segmentation masks with a desired style. The style encompasses attributes such as skin color, texture, iris color, and personal identity. Our approach generates an eye image that is consistent with a given segmentation mask and has the attributes of the input style image. We apply our method to data augmentation as well as to gaze redirection. The previous techniques of synthesizing real eye images from synthetic eye images for data augmentation lacked control over the generated attributes. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in synthesizing realistic eye images with given characteristics corresponding to the synthetic labels for data augmentation, which is further useful for various tasks such as gaze estimation, eye image segmentation, pupil detection, etc. We also show how our approach can be applied to gaze redirection using only synthetic gaze labels, improving the previous state of the art results. The main contributions of our paper are i) a novel approach for Style-Based eye image generation from segmentation mask; ii) the use of this approach for gaze-redirection without the need for gaze annotated real eye images
Approximating Excited States using Neural Networks

Recently developed neural network-based wave function methods are capable of achieving state-of-the-art results for finding the ground state in real space. In this work, we extend these methods to compute excited states. We train our network via variational principle, minimizing the sum of total electronic energy and orthogonal penalty. The results are in good agreement with theoretical values.
Economic Development by Historical Perspective

Economic development is the important part of every nation. I discussed the economic with historical perspective.
Home-Based Electrical Stimulation to Accelerate Wound Healing-A Double-Blinded Randomized Control Trial.

Background:Electrical stimulation (E-Stim) may offer a unique adjunctive treatment to heal complicated diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Our primary goal is to examine the effectiveness of daily home-bas...
Standardizing HIV post-exposure prophylaxis in the emergency department following sexual assault.

OBJECTIVES A standardized non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) programme was implemented to improve guideline compliance for treatment of post-sexual assault patients within an emergency department (ED). METHODS A single-centre, retrospective, observational study of adult patients evaluated in the ED for sexual assault was performed following nPEP programme implementation. A comprehensive nPEP programme consisting of a standardized order set, real-time multidisciplinary consultation, on-site pharmacy and close post-discharge follow-up was implemented between July 2017 and June 2018. Laboratory, treatment, vaccination, prescription and follow-up data during the pre- (July 2016 to June 2017) and post-intervention (July 2018 to August 2019) periods were compared. RESULTS Of the 147 post-sexual assault patients included in this study (59 pre-intervention, 88 post-intervention), 133 (90.5%) were eligible for nPEP. Patient demographics and rate of those eligible for nPEP were similar in both cohorts. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was offered (72.2% vs. 100%; p < 0.005) and ultimately prescribed (51.9% vs. 86.1%; p < 0.005) more frequently following nPEP programme implementation. Patients were more likely to have appropriate screening for renal function, liver function, pregnancy, syphilis, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV in the post-intervention period (all p < 0.005). Hepatitis B vaccination was more commonly administered post-intervention (8.5% vs. 22.7%; p < 0.024). In-person 28-day follow-up was rare in both pre- (3.5%) and post-intervention (11.3%) cohorts (p = 0.278). CONCLUSIONS Implementation of a comprehensive nPEP programme resulted in improved guideline compliance with more frequent and appropriate ART administration. Recommended screening laboratories and hepatitis B vaccinations were more commonly performed, but in-person follow-up remained low. The nPEP programmes should be implemented to standardize efforts that decrease the risk of HIV transmission.
Memoized Semantics-Based Binary Diffing with Application to Malware Lineage Inference

Identifying differences between two executable binaries (binary diffing) has compelling security applications, such as software vulnerability exploration, “1-day” exploit generation and software plagiarism detection. Recently, binary diffing based on symbolic execution and constraint solver has been proposed to look for the code pairs with the same semantics, even though they are ostensibly different in syntactics. Such logical-based method captures intrinsic differences of binary code, making it a natural choice to analyze highly-obfuscated malicious program. However, semantics-based binary diffing suffers from significant performance slowdown, hindering it from analyzing large-scale malware samples. In this paper, we attempt to mitigate the high overhead of semantics-based binary diffing with application to malware lineage inference. We first study the key obstacles that contribute to the performance bottleneck. Then we propose basic blocks fast matching to speed up semantics-based binary diffing. We introduce an union-find set structure that records semantically equivalent basic blocks. Managing the union-find structure during successive comparisons allows direct reuse of previously computed results. Moreover, we purpose to concretize symbolic formulas and cache equivalence queries to further cut down the invocation times of constraint solver. We have implemented our technique on top of iBinHunt and evaluated it on 12 malware families with respect to the performance improvement when performing intra-family comparisons. Our experimental results show that our methods can accelerate symbolic execution from \(2.8\)x to \(5.3\)x (with an average \(4.0\)x), and reduce constraint solver invocation by a factor of \(3.0\)x to \(6.0\)x (with an average \(4.3\)x).
De huisarts als hoofdbehandelaar in de chronische fase

In 2011 deed KWF Kankerbestrijding in haar rapport Nazorg bij kanker: De rol van de eerste lijn de aanbeveling om de verantwoordelijkheid voor de zorg aan kankerpatienten, met name in de zogeheten chronische fase na de primaire behandeling, meer bij de eerste lijn te leggen. Deze aanbeveling was een uitwerking van een advies van de Gezondheidsraad uit 2007, Nacontrole in de oncologie, dat aan de huisarts een belangrijke rol toewees in de follow-up wat betreft controle op recidief, signalering en bestrijding van late effecten. Deze goede voornemens om de rol van de huisarts in de nazorg voor kankerpatienten te versterken, roepen onmiddellijk de vraag op of huisartsen in Nederland daar wel klaar voor zijn. In deze bijdrage zal ik aangeven waarom het voor de hand ligt dat huisartsen die rol inderdaad ter hand nemen, en hoe zij dat praktisch zouden kunnen aanpakken.
Measurement of Surface Charge of Inorganic Geologic Materials: Techniques and Their Consequences

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the application of surface charge measurement techniques to complex geologic materials. Various measurement techniques are reviewed and problems in applying these techniques are investigated. The chapter presents its applications to mixed systems. Potentiometric titration is widely used to determine surface charge, but because of the pH changes involved, this method is most suited to low-solubility oxides that have zinc polyalkenoate cements (ZPCs) in the pH range of 4–10. The use of a back titration technique may allow compensation for competitive reactions as the solubility of materials increases. Electrokinetic measurements also are restricted by pH because of the limitations of the equipment and the responses of the materials tested. Although the interpretation of surface charge may be uncertain, measurement of the isoelectric point is direct and can be determined from a measurement of suspension of a single ionic strength. Streaming potential is less sensitive than potentiometric titrations to small surface features, making this technique less affected by some sample preparation procedures. The ion retention technique uses measurement of cation and anion retention at different pH values to determine the ZPC. The technique, which requires chemical analyses for the species of interest, is generally used for soil and clay measurements.
The ionic control of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 synthesis in isolated chick renal mitochondria: The role of potassium

Abstract In previous studies it was found that change in the concentrations of Ca 2+ , H + , and HPO 4 2− in the incubation medium altered the rates of synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (1,25(OH) 2 D-3) by isolated renal mitochondria obtained from D-deficient chicks. The present studies demonstrate that raising the medium concentration of K + from 1 to 50 mM leads to a 6-fold increase in rate of 1,25(OH) 2 D-3 synthesis by isolated chick mitochondria; that the magnitude of this K + -dependent stimulation is enhanced by optimal concentrations of calcium (pCa = 5) and phosphate (pP i = 3) (3 mM) but not by pH (from 6.8 to 7.4); that the effect is not produced by similar changes in media Na + concentration; and that the stimulatory effect of K + is not blocked by ruthenium red, an inhibitor of calcium transport and of the calcium-dependent stimulation of mitochondrial 1,25(OH) 2 D-3 synthesis. It was also found taht valinomycin, a K + -specific ionophore, enhanced the sensitivity of the mitochondrial 1α-hydroxylase activity to K + . In the presence of valinomycin, an increase of pK + to 3 was sufficient to cause a significant stimulation of 1,25(OH) 2 D-3 synthesis. It was concluded that changes in the ion content of the mitochondrial matrix space regulate the activity of the 1α-hydroxylase.
Predicting the Sun's Oxygen Isotope Composition

Oxygen-isotope ratios in different solar system materials indicate thatO-rich andO-poor reservoirs must have existed in the early solar system. When, and where, such signatures evolved and how the solar system acquired such signatures has remained elusive. In his Perspective, [Yin][1] highlights a new class of models, including that of [Yurimoto and Kuramoto][2], which provide a potential solution of this longstanding problem. The new model ([4][3]) focuses on selective ultraviolet photodissociation of CO in the parent molecular cloud that collapsed to form the solar system. Subsequent interactions among HO, CO, and dust grains then result in the observed isotopic signatures in planetary materials. The predicted oxygen isotope composition of the Sun, cometary HO, and cometary CO can soon be tested by NASA's Genesis and Stardust missions. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/305/5691/1729 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/305/5691/1763 [3]: http://www.sciencemag.org#ref4
Enlargement of Escherichia coli after bacteriophage infection. I. Description of the phenomenon.

Abstract Escherichia coli B/r and Bs−1 ceased division and increased in mean cell volume soon after infection with T-even phage. The effect was obtained with wild-type or rapid lysis mutants, as well as with ultraviolet light-killed phage and with bacteriophage ghosts which lack deoxyribonucleic acid. The cell response did not require the presence of phage genetic material or the production of progeny phage. A Poisson distribution of the fraction of adsorbed phage at different multiplicites of infection indicates that one phage per bacterium will produce maximum increase in cell volume. T-even phage-resistant E. coli mutants showed no enlargement response, and phage T1, T3, and T7 elicited neither abrupt termination of cell division nor host cell enlargement. Infection with baseplate-defective T4D 12− amber mutants, which bind reversibly to but do not penetrate the bacterium, also had no effect. In vitro restoration of normal baseplate function in these defective viruses allowed phage adsorption and penetration and caused host cell division arrest and enlargement. These findings indicate that arrest of division and increase in mean cell volume occur together when a sensitive strain of E. coli is infected with T-even phage that adsorb and penetrate normally.
Behavioral Analysis of Android Applications Using Automated Instrumentation

Google's Android operating system has become one the most popular operating system for hand-held devices. Dueto its ubiquitous use, open source nature and wide-spread popularity, it has become the target of recent mobile malware. In this paper, we present our efforts on effective security inspection mechanisms for identification of malicious applications for Android mobile applications. To achieve that, we developed a comprehensive software inspection framework. Moreover, to identify potential software reliability flaws and to triggermalware, we develop a transparent instrumentation system for automating user interactions with an Android application that does not require source code. Additionally, for run-time behavior analysis of an application, we monitor the I/O system calls generated the by application under monitoring to the underlying Linux kernel. As a case study, we present two Android malware samples found in the wild to experimentally evaluate the applicability of our proposed system for uncovering potential malicious activities.
Browser's Choice: A Comparative Use Study of Traditional and Electronic Vertical Files

The utility and viability of print vertical files often has been questioned in the literature. Recently, alternatives or supplements to the print vertical file have been proposed and implemented in the form of an electronic or World Wide Web vertical file. The use and maintenance of a print vertical file and the newly created World Wide Web version of this vertical file were studied during the 1997 summer and fall semesters at the University of Northern Iowa. As Neuhaus shows in this article, results indicate that a WWW vertical file is both more popular and easier to maintain than a traditional print vertical file.
Polarization Analysis Of Optical Systems, II

Methods are presented for the interpretation of the polarization aberration of optical systems. The polarization properties of ray paths through optical systems are classified as diattenuating and/or retarding and as circular, linear, or elliptical via the eigenvalues and eigenpolarization states of the associated Jones matrix. Polarization elements are classified as homogeneous if the eigenpolarization states are orthogonal, and inhomogeneous if they are not. It is shown that the maximum coupling of light from the incident to the orthogonal polarization state occurs when the incident light is in a polarization state which is an equal mixture of the eigenpolarizations of a homogeneous polarization element. Two examples of polarization aberration functions are given, for the radially symmetric system, and for the circularly retarding lens. Simple algorithms are provided to determine aberration coefficients from the polarization ray trace of a few rays. The examples demonstrate how polarization aberration introduces wavefront aberrations and apodization which vary with changes in the incident polarization state.
The Case for RNA

A major challenge in cell-based biotechnology is to engineer gene regulatory systems that can detect signals defined by users and then effect desired changes in the expression of targeted genes. On page 1251 of this issue, Culler et al. ( 1 ) take an innovative step toward meeting this challenge. They describe the use of short segments of RNA to create programmable “control devices” that, when triggered by the presence of certain proteins, rewire gene expression pathways and change the behavior of human cells. The work highlights the promise of RNA as a molecular platform for engineering predictable and customized gene regulation systems and potentially using such synthetic systems to treat disease.