cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microarray Evaluation of Dietary Restriction

Dietary restriction (DR) extends the life span and retards many age-related cellular and molecular changes in laboratory rodents. However, neither its underlying mechanism nor the limits of its action are fully understood. In this review, we assessed the effect of DR on gene expression in vertebrate and invertebrate animals using data generated by microarrays. Altered genes in DR mice reported in 15 articles published since 1999 were compared. A comparison of altered genes by DR in mice, rats, pigs, monkeys, yeast, and flies showed no common gene altered by DR among different species. It seems that individual genes altered in the expression by DR were constrained within species. When we compared the functions of altered genes across all species, we found that certain functions such as metabolism, energy metabolism, stress and immune response, cell growth, and transcription regulation were shared among species. Although individual genes seem to be affected by DR differently among species, the overall physiologic influence of DR may be similar.
Ultrasound prediction of birthweight and growth restriction in fetal gastroschisis.

Objective Most ultrasound estimated fetal weight (EFW) formulas incorporate abdominal circumference, which may overstimate growth restriction in fetal gastroschisis. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal ultrasound formula for prediction of birthweight and fetal growth restriction (FGR) in gastroschisis. Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of singleton fetuses with gastroschisis. Percentage of error between ultrasound EFW (performed within 2 weeks of delivery) and birthweight was calculated. Agreement between EFW by ultrasound formulas and birthweight was determined by Bland-Altman limits of agreement; concordance between ultrasound and birthweight diagnosis of FGR was evaluated with McNemar's test. Results Birthweight was best predicted by the formulas of Shepard et al and Siemer et al. Only these formulas demonstrated significant agreement with birthweight for prediction of FGR at the 5th and 10th percentiles. Conclusion The formulas of Shepard et al and Siemer et al best estimate birthweight, and their use has the potential to reduce rates of overdiagnosis of FGR.
Cloning and characterization of the Cry1Ac-binding alkaline phosphatase (HvALP) from Heliothis virescens.

Membrane-bound alkaline phosphatases (mALPs, EC 3.1.3.1) in the insect midgut have been reported as functional receptors for Cry toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. We previously reported the identification of HvALP in the midgut of Heliothis virescens larvae as a Cry1Ac-binding protein that is down-regulated in Cry1Ac-resistant insects. To further characterize HvALP, we localized mALP protein to foregut and midgut tissues using anti-mALP serum and then cloned five mALPs from H. virescens larval midgut. All five clones displayed high levels of sequence identity (above 90%), suggesting that they may represent allelic variants, and grouped with other lepidopteran mALPs in sequence alignments. All these cloned ALPs were predicted to contain a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor and were named HvmALP1–5. We expressed two of the most diverse HvmALPs in a heterologous system to test binding of Cry1Ac and recognition by HvALP cross-reacting antiserum. Our data highlight the importance of glycosylation for Cry1Ac binding to HvALP and suggest that, depending on glycosylation, all the identified HvmALPs may be synonymous with HvALP, the Cry1Ac-binding phosphatase identified in H. virescens midgut epithelium.
Safety of concurrent administration of dexrazoxane and doxorubicin in the canine cancer patient

Doxorubicin may cause a rare but serious cardiotoxicity. Dexrazoxane is a cardioprotectant drug used to reduce the risk of cardiotoxicity in human patients. In this study, 25 tumour-bearing dogs were treated with concurrent doxorubicin and dexrazoxane. The total number of doses of dexrazoxane given was 54 (range 1-5 doses per dog, median 2 doses). Five dogs received more than 165 mg m(2) cumulative doxorubicin dose before starting dexrazoxane. Haematologic, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular toxicities were considered tolerable. The combination of doxorubicin with dexrazoxane was well tolerated with minimal side-effects in this patient cohort. Future studies are required to evaluate potential cardioprotective effects of dexrazoxane given concurrently with doxorubicin.
Implementation and performance of integrated application-controlled file caching, prefetching, and disk scheduling

As the performance gap between disks and micropocessors continues to increase, effective utilization of the file cache becomes increasingly immportant. Application-controlled file caching and prefetching can apply application-specific knowledge to improve file cache management. However, supporting application-controlled file caching and prefetching is nontrivial because caching and prefetching need to be integrated carefully, and the kernel needs to allocate cache blocks among processes appropriately. This article presents the design, implementation, and performance of a file system that integrates application-controlled caching, prefetching, and disk scheduling. We use a two-level cache management strategy. The kernel uses the LRU-SP (Least-Recently-Used with Swapping and Placeholders) policy to allocate blocks to processes, and each process integrates application-specific caching and prefetching based on the controlled-aggressive policy, an algorithm previously shown in a theoretical sense to be nearly optimal. Each process also improves its disk access latency by submittint its prefetches in batches so that the requests can be scheduled to optimize disk access performance. Our measurements show that this combination of techniques greatly improves the performance of the file system. We measured that the running time is reduced by 3% to 49% (average 26%) for single-process workloads and by 5% to 76% (average 32%) for multiprocess workloads.
Blood Adenine Nucleotide Levels in the Normal and the Acetonaemic Dairy Cow

IN man, various diseases cause the concentration of the adenine nucleotides in the blood to deviate from the values found in normal circumstances1. Determination of the levels of the adenine nucleotides in the blood thus provides information on the state of health and the metabolic condition of the patient.
Actinobacillus Endocarditis Associated with Periodontal Disease

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, an organism associated with rapidly destructive periodontal disease (periodontitis), is a rare cause of endocarditis in children. This report presents a case of A. actinomycetemcomitans endo carditis in a 6-year-old child with rapidly destructive periodontal disease. A leukotoxic antigen was documented in the strain of A. actinomycetemcomitans isolated from the patient's blood.
Genetic Evaluation in Developmental Disabilities

Developmental disabilities are a relatively common reason for referral to a pediatric subspecialist. Although there are numerous reasons for the child being affected with a developmental disability, genetic causes are not an uncommon cause. A genetics evaluation can often identify this cause, and the family counseled appropriately regarding cause, prognosis, and recurrence risks. This chapter describes the various steps in the genetics evaluation process.
Design for manufacturability and design for "X": concepts, applications, and perspectives

Design for Manufacturability (DFM) is a system approach that simultaneously considers all of the design goals and constraints for products that will be manufactured. Sometimes DFM is confused with Design for Assembly (DFA), which is only one aspect of design for Manufacturability. Other aspects include all the "design for's" or "-abilities"; design for Quality, design for Maintainability, etc. They are sometimes referred to as "design for X" (DFX). This paper presents the concepts, applications, and perspectives of DFX, thus, providing some guidelines and references for the future researches and implementations.
Prevention of Embolic Strokes: The Role of the American College of Chest Physicians

Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) face an annual stroke risk of about 5%. Evidence that anticoagulants reduce the risk of stroke has evolved over the 20th century. The American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) has played a critical role in presenting guidelines for stroke prevention in AF. This commentary highlights the role that the ACCP guidelines have played, from their inception to the ninth edition. The first ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy in 1986 developed evidence-based guidelines for the indications, dosage, and monitoring of antithrombotic therapy. The conference recommended that anticoagulants be monitored by the international normalized ratio, and the appropriate dosage was to increase the international normalized ratio to two to three times control. This recommendation was widely accepted. Anticoagulants were recommended for AF with mitral valve disease and for nonvalvular AF with a history of embolism. No recommendations were made for nonvalvular AF without a history of embolism. These recommendations stimulated numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs). By the third ACCP conference in 1992, RCTs had demonstrated a dramatic 69% stroke reduction in patients with nonvalvular AF. The third ACCP conference was the first to strongly recommend anticoagulation for primary and secondary stroke prevention in nonvalvular AF. ACCP conferences since 1992 have refined recommendations for nonvalvular AF on the basis of associated risk factors. The most recent conference, in 2011, recommended a direct thrombin inhibitor, dabigatran, rather than warfarin as the anticoagulant of choice. These ACCP guidelines have played a critical role in changing physicians' practice patterns. In 1980 only 7% of patients with AF in the United States received OA; by 2007, this had increased to 57%.
Perceived Discrimination as a Risk Factor for Latina/o Youth’s Substance Use: Do Parent- and Peer-Based Communication and Relationship Resources Act as Protective Factors?

Based on general strain theory, it was hypothesized that as Latina/o youth experience perceived discrimination, they are more likely to develop acculturation stress and, in turn, more likely to use substances. Two additional hypotheses were set forth to examine how parent- and peer-based communication, relationship, and norm resources may function as buffers, thereby decreasing the likelihood that strained youth will use substances. Latina/o youth (N = 728) from 23 schools in Phoenix, AZ, completed surveys at three waves over 2 years. Structural equation modeling (SEM) results supported the first hypothesis. Yet, contrary to the second hypothesis, neither parent nor peer resources were significant moderators. Implications are discussed for theory and parent- and peer-based prevention research directed at perceived discrimination, acculturation stress, and substance use.
Iron Supplementation Does Not Affect Cell Proliferation or Aberrant Crypt Foci Development in the Colon of Sprague-Dawley Rats

It has been suggested that high iron stores enhance colon carcinogenesis. The effect of high dietary iron (Fe) on indices of iron, copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) status, lipid peroxidation using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase and ceruloplasmin activities, cell proliferation and development of preneoplastic lesions known as aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in rat colon was examined using a 3 x 2 factorial design. Male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed adequate (AFe; 45 mg Fe/kg diet), moderately high (MHFe; 225 mg Fe/kg diet) and high (HFe; 450 mg Fe/kg diet) dietary Fe for 2.5 wk, then treated with azoxymethane (AOM; 2 injections, 1 wk apart; total dose 30 mg/kg body weight) or saline (n = 14-15 per group). Dietary treatment continued for another 6 wk after the second AOM dose. At the time of AOM injection, colon Fe concentrations were one- and threefold higher for MHFe and HFe rats, respectively, than for AFe rats. It was proposed that high dietary Fe would adversely affect Cu and Mn status, resulting in impaired antioxidant enzyme activity. However, neither indices of Cu and Mn status nor colonic mucosal antioxidant enzyme activities were affected by dietary Fe except for plasma ceruloplasmin activity, which was slightly lower in rats fed high iron diets than in rats fed adequate iron diets (P < 0.01). Dietary Fe had no significant effect on colonic mucosal lipid peroxidation, cell proliferation or ACF development. In conclusion, our findings suggest that dietary Fe concentrations that are approximately 5 and 10 times adequate do not enhance oxidative stress, cell proliferation and ACF development in the colon of rats.
Parsing the ‘influential increment’ in the language of complexity: uncovering the systemic mechanisms of leadership influence

This article develops theory relating the process of leadership to the social processes that sustain an organisation as a complex adaptive system. It interprets current theory in a new light and describes dynamical interactions that relate mechanisms of leadership to the organisational capabilities that have succeeded in the environment. It examines how three distinct but complementary mechanisms interact to form a leadership metacapability that evolves in organisations to positively impact both performance and adaptation.
Free Exit And Social Inefficiency

Mankiw and Whinston (1986) show that free entry is socially excessive when firms have fixed costs and produce identical goods. That is because rival firms fail to externalize the business stealing costs they impose on their rivals. This paper extends that model by assuming that there are two states of demand. It is proven that weakly too few firms exit voluntarily when demand realizations are low and some of the fixed costs are recoverable. If there is any voluntary exit, social welfare could strictly rise by forcing more firms to exit the industry.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Substance Use Disorders: Theory, Evidence, and Practice

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) represents a broad class of interventions that take into account how learning processes are involved in developing and maintaining maladaptive thought patterns, emotional reactions, and behavioral responses. These learning processes provide the basis for various interventions targeting the reduction or cessation of substance use. This system of therapy can be extremely valuable to social workers, given its effectiveness for a wide range of problems in general, as well as problems specifically related to substance misuse. The first part of the chapter provides an overview of the theoretical foundation of CBT, focusing on the basic processes that lead to the development and maintenance of substance use disorders (SUDs). A review of the empirical research on outcomes of CBT for SUDs is also provided. The second part provides a practical description on the delivery of CBT related to the treatment of substance use disorders, including session structure, content, and major change strategies. Criticisms of CBT are also discussed, along with recommendations for professional development.
Oral Feeding Reduces Hospitalizations Compared with Gastrostomy Feeding in Infants and Children Who Aspirate

Objective To compare the frequency of hospitalization rates between patients with aspiration treated with gastrostomy vs those fed oral thickened liquids. Study design A retrospective review was performed of patients with an abnormal videofluoroscopic swallow study between February 2006 and August 2013; 114 patients at Boston Children's Hospital were included. Frequency, length, and type of hospitalizations within 1 year of abnormal swallow study or gastrostomy tube (g-tube) placement were analyzed using a negative binomial regression model. Results Patients fed by g-tube had a median of 2 (IQR 1, 3) admissions per year compared with patients fed orally who had a 1 (IQR 0, 1) admissions per year, P P Conclusions Patients who underwent g-tube placement for the treatment of aspiration had 2 times as many admissions compared with patients with aspiration who were fed orally. We recommend a trial of oral feeding in all children cleared to take nectar or honey thickened liquids prior to g-tube placement.
Targeting PSMA with a Cu-64 Labeled Phosphoramidate Inhibitor for PET/CT Imaging of Variant PSMA-Expressing Xenografts in Mouse Models of Prostate Cancer

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is highly up-regulated in prostate tumor cells, providing an ideal target for imaging applications of prostate cancer. CTT-1297 (IC50 = 27 nM) is an irreversible phosphoramidate inhibitor of PSMA that has been conjugated to the CB-TE1K1P chelator for incorporation of Cu-64. The resulting positron emission tomography (PET) agent, [64Cu]ABN-1, was evaluated for selective uptake both in vitro and in vivo in PSMA-positive cells of varying expression levels. The focus of this study was to assess the ability of [64Cu]ABN-1 to detect and distinguish varying levels of PSMA in a panel of prostate tumor-bearing mouse models. CTT-1297 was conjugated to the CB-TE1K1P chelator using click chemistry and radiolabeled with Cu-64. Internalization and binding affinity of [64Cu]ABN-1 was evaluated in the following cell lines having varying levels of PSMA expression: LNCaP late-passage > LNCaP early passage ≈ C4-2B > CWR22rv1 and PSMA-negative PC-3 cells. PET/X-ray computed tomography imaging was performed in NCr nude mice with subcutaneous tumors of the variant PSMA-expressing cell lines. [64Cu]ABN-1 demonstrated excellent uptake in PSMA-positive cells in vitro, with ∼80 % internalization at 4 h for each PSMA-positive cell line with uptake (fmol/mg) correlating to PSMA expression levels. The imaging data indicated significant tumor uptake in all models. The biodistribution for late-passage LNCaP (highest PSMA expression) demonstrated the highest specific uptake of [64Cu]ABN-1 with tumor-to-muscle and tumor-to-blood ratios of 30 ± 11 and 21 ± 7, respectively, at 24 h post-injection. [64Cu]ABN-1 cleared through all tissues except for PSMA-positive kidneys. [64Cu]ABN-1 demonstrated selective uptake in PSMA-positive cells and tumors, which correlated to the level of PSMA expression. The data reported herein suggest that [64Cu]ABN-1 will selectively target and image variant PSMA expression and in the future will serve as a non-invasive method to follow the progression of prostate cancer in men.
Recommendations for Screening for Depression in Adults

Although major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the world’s great public health problems, the morbidity and increased mortality associated with this common illness can be attenuated by the large number of effective treatments that are now widely available. It is therefore important to ensure that efficient methods for population screening are in place and directly linked to health care systems so depressed patients receive appropriate treatment. This is particularly important because effective treatments of depression not only reduce symptoms associated with the disease and reduce the risk of suicide, but also can improve functioning and offset the negative effects that depressive symptoms can have on physical well-being. In the United States, like many other economically developed nations, primary care practices represent the best place for implementation of these methods, because it is the only venue where both screening and, if clinically indicated, treatment can be provided. With this ideal in mind, in 20021 and 20092 the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) published systematic reviews and recommendations for such screening for adults. In this issue of JAMA, Siu and colleagues3 provide the second update on this important topic.
Structure and function of the nicotinic arm of acetylcholine regulatory axis in human leukemic T cells.

Although acetylcholine (ACh) is widely known as a neurotransmitter, it also functions as a local humoral factor translating environmental stimuli into alterations in T cell development and function...
Time of Travel of Soluble Contaminants in Streams

Time of travel is measured in streams by introducing Rhodamine B dye and detecting its concentration at a downstream cross section by use of a fluorometer. The computation of the necessary dosage, the methods of dosing, the selection of the sampling points, and the methods of sampling are described. Examples and results from time of travel runs on several streams are presented. Runs have been made on reaches as long as 138 miles and for discharge less than 10 cfs to discharges over 17,000 cfs. Velocities have ranged from over 10 fps to less than 0.2 fps. The technique is promising for the study of dispersion in natural streams.
Cue Utilization and Situation Awareness during a Simulated Experience

The purpose of this study is to collect data on decision makers' use of environmental cues and situation awareness levels in a decision-making scenario. In a given situation, information cues are typically associated with implicit weight values that allow the decision maker to make sense of the current environment, as well as make judgments about a future event. There is some evidence that during situations in which cues may actually fluctuate in importance, decision makers may not assign cue weights accurately. It would follow that situation awareness may also be lower than when weights accurately reflect cue values present in the environment. The goal of this study was to explore whether there was a relationship between the patterns of cue utilization and levels of situation awareness in a dynamic computerized flight simulation, TIDE2. In addition, correlational analyses were conducted between measurements of cognitive style, situation awareness level measurements, and judgment accuracy. Evidence for th...
Downy Mildew of Stock, Caused by Peronospora parasitica, in California

During the spring and fall of 1999, commercial plantings of the cut flower stock (Matthiola incana) in coastal regions of California developed a severe foliar disease. Abaxial leaf surfaces supported the extensive white fungal growth typical of a downy mildew. Adaxial surfaces of newly infected leaves did not show symptoms, but with time, leaves exhibited extensive, diffuse chlorotic areas and slight twisting. Infected plants were not acceptable for the cut flower market and, therefore, were not harvested. Sporangiophores had main trunks with dichotomous branches ending in slender curved tips that were 2.8 μm long. Sporangia were ovoid, measuring 22 to 25 μm long and 19 to 22 μm wide. The fungus was identified as Peronospora parasitica. Pathogenicity was established by gently pressing diseased leaves onto stock plants (cv. Avalanche), incubating plants in a humidity chamber (20 to 22°C, 100% relative humidity) for 48 h, and keeping plants in a greenhouse. Diffuse chlorotic leaf symptoms developed after 10...
Finite Element Analysis for Diagnosis of Fatigue Failure of Composite Materials in Product Development

In contrast to homogenous materials, composite materials can be customized to achieve desirable strength-to-weight ratios, corrosion prevention, and fatigue resistances. However, the heterogeneity in composite materials brings the challenges in design, production, characterization, and testing. Trial and error practices and numerous experiments are usually required to deal with the uncertainties of composite material properties. Mathematical modeling or numerical simulations have been studied to shorten product development cycles. In this paper, we use finite element analysis (FEA) approach to diagnose the fatigue failure of composite materials. The proposed approach is novel in sense that (1) the new procedure and guideline has been developed for defining fluctuated loads in actual applications, (2) the motion simulation is conducted to characterize dynamic loads, (3) FEA is suggested as a diagnosis tool to detect design defects when failure occurs; and (4) conventional Minor’s rule is expended to evaluate the fatigue life of machine elements with the consideration of both the variations of magnitudes and frequencies of stresses. A case study is provided to illustrate the analysis of the fatigue failure of products. A comparison of simulation and experimental results has verified the effectiveness of the developed approaches.
Polymer nanogels grafted from nanopatterned surfaces studied by AFM force spectroscopy.

Nanopatterned cross-linked polymers are important for applications with controlled mechanical properties. Grafted linear and cross-linked polydimethylacrylamide gels on micro- and nanopatterns were...
The Effect of Navigational Tools and Related Experience on Task Performance in a Virtual Environment

One of the problems associated with using virtual environments, for the purpose of training and/or assessment, is that the effect of navigational tools and related experience on performance is generally unknown. In this study, three separate types of navigational assistance were provided (1) a recommended path embedded in the environment, (2) the user’s trail embedded in the environment and (3) none (a control condition). Three levels of related experience were also considered: novice, intermediate, and advanced. The virtual environment task was a safety-hazard identification task in a virtual manufacturing facility – a task with both search and decision-making components. Both objective and subjective measures were employed; the objective measures were task time, task accuracy, and distance traveled within the environment, and the subjective measures were dimensions of workload, presence, and usability. Statistically significant differences were found between the navigation tools for task time, accuracy, and immersion (a dimension of presence). The results suggest that both the type of navigation tool and the level of experience influence performance.
Lessons Learned From the Great Recession Layoffs and the RIF-Induced Teacher Shuffle

One consequence of the Great Recession is that teacher layoffs occurred at a scale previously unseen. In this article, we assess the effects of receiving a layoff notice on teacher mobility using data from Los Angeles and Washington State. Our analyses are based on 6-year panels of data in each site, including 4 years of layoffs. We find that the layoff process leads far more teachers to leave their schools for other district schools than is necessary to reach budget savings targets. In other words, the layoff process induces teacher churn, impacting even teachers who are not actually laid off. Placebo tests confirm that this “structural churn” results from the layoff process rather than from differential mobility of targeted teachers.
Difference in mechanical atrioventricular delay between atrial sensing and atrial pacing modes in patients with hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy: an electrical hemodynamic catheterization study.

For optimal pacemaker programming in patients with cardiomyopathy, it is important to understand the relationship between the programmed right atrial and ventricular delay and the mechanical contraction delay of the left atrium and left ventricle. Methods: We analyzed data from 34 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (14) or hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (20) who had dual-chamber Psynchronous pacing (VDD) and atrioventricular sequential pacing (DVI) during hemodynamic catheterization. Using multiple atrioventricular intervals during VDD and DVI pacing, the relationship of the programmed right atrial-right ventricular interval to the mechanical left atrial-left ventricular delay (assessed by high-fidelity pressures) was determined. Results: We found that the optimal mechanical left atrial-left ventricular delay was 120 ms, which required a programmed right atrial-right ventricular interval of 160 ms during DVI pacing. Also, the mean difference in right atrial-right ventricular pacing interval between VDD and DVI modes was 54±28 ms (range, 10–120 ms) in the hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy group and 64±38 ms (range, 20–1 ± ms) in the dilated cardiomyopathy group. Conclusions: We concluded that the optimal right atrial-right ventricular interval during DVI pacing was 160 ms and that, to achieve the same mechanical left atrial-left ventricular delay, the programmed right atrial-right ventricular interval during VDD pacing was approximately ± ms to 60 ms shorter than during DVI pacing. However, the difference of electrical atrioventricular pacing interval in VDD and DVI may vary widely from patient to patient.
Application of Coherent Interactions to Isotope Separation

The situation that will be considered here is that of a coherent pulse propagating in a vapor mixture of two isotopes. An exact analysis of coherent two-step photoionization is presented for the case of lithium vapor, showing that the production rate of selected ions can be one hundred times larger with coherent picosecond excitation than with conventional pulses, while the optical energy consumed to extract a unit quantity of the selected isotope is smaller in the case of coherent picosecond excitation.
Novel aspects of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) biology and an improved method for culturing this invasive species with a modified D. melanogaster diet

Abstract Drosophila suzukii (Matsumara) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), the spotted wing drosophila, is a global pest of soft fruits now rearable on a standard D. melanogaster (Meigen) diet containing the fly's own natural food: soft-skinned berries. The techniques tested here can save 40% of cultures from microbial contamination that develops after combining artificial food sources (e.g., standard drosophila media) with unsterilized host plant material (berries). A suitable ratio for mixing dietary ingredients for a vial or test-tube rearing system includes, by weight, 1 part berry tissue for oviposition, 1.5 parts dry diet media for carbohydrate, 7 parts clean water for moisture, and ∼5 grains (0.8 mg) of dry yeast for protein. One or two blackberry or blueberry fruits used by spotted wing drosophila as edible oviposition substrates doubled and tripled pupal and adult production in standard 68 mL culturing vials. To prevent mold from spoiling the diet, the exocarp of berries was sterilized in an 80 or 90% eth...
The chatter identification in end milling based on combining EMD and WPD

On-line detection of chatter in the cutting process can identify the chatter in time or before the chatter happens, so the initiative to change the cutting parameters can be taken to avoid chatter and improve the surface quality. At present, time-frequency analysis technology is performed to extract the time-frequency features of chatter by scholars. With respect to the modal aliasing problem in the process of empirical mode decomposition (EMD), the chatter identification method of combining EMD and wavelet packets decomposition (WPD) is proposed to eliminate the influence of modal aliasing. To fully extract the main features of signal, the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) changing consistent with power spectrum or amplitude-frequency are selected for signal reconstruction. Then, WPD is used in the reconstructed signal. The two times reconstruction of signal is based on wavelet packet node with the maximum energy. The distribution of frequency and energy in the time domain is presented by Hilbert Huang Transform (HHT) spectrum, and the mean value and standard deviation of the HHT spectrum are extracted as the feature vectors. The chatter features can be extracted from the original simulation signal by this method. Three groups of experiments with different cutting depth which are on behalf of the three cutting conditions (stable cutting, slight chatter, and severe chatter) were carried out. More cutting tests were carried out under the same cutting condition. Experimental results show that this method can be used to effectively identify the chatter features in milling process.
Connections Among Language Knowledge, Language Processing, and Nonlinguistic Cognitive Processing in Bilingual Children with Language Impairment

Background and rationale. Children with Primary (or Specific) Language Impairment (PLI) show subtle weaknesses in cognitive areas such as processing speed and working memory; such weaknesses appear on both nonlinguistic tasks such as shape detection and on language processing tasks such as nonword repetition and rapid automatic naming. The relationship between processing weaknesses and the impaired linguistic performance that characterizes children with PLI is not yet clear. Bilingual children with PLI offer additional insight into relations across domains (cognitive and linguistic) in two different languages while holding within-learner factors constant. Cross-linguistic relations in this population can also provide insight into language learning mechanisms.
Radioactive Iodine Therapy vs. Antithyroid Medications for Graves Disease.

Radioactive iodine therapy and antithyroid medications produce similar health-related quality-of-life outcomes in patients with Graves disease. Radioactive iodine therapy is an appropriate choice for patients who prefer definitive treatment.
Abstract 17765: Hemodynamic Assessment of Macro- and Micro-Perfusion and Clinical Outcomes Following Endovascular Therapy for Critical Limb Ischemia

Background: Ankle-brachial index (ABI) assesses lower extremity macro-perfusion, while toe-brachial index (TBI) assesses micro-perfusion. Whether post-procedure or change in ABI or TBI are associat...
Support vector classification with ℓ-diversity

Abstract Corporations are retaining ever-larger corpuses of personal data; the frequency of breaches and corresponding privacy impact have been rising accordingly. One way to mitigate this risk is through use of anonymized data, limiting the exposure of individual data to only where it is absolutely needed. This would seem particularly appropriate for data mining, where the goal is generalizable knowledge rather than data on specific individuals. In practice, corporate data miners often insist on original data, for fear that they might “miss something” with anonymized or differentially private approaches. This paper provides a theoretical justification for the use of anonymized data. Specifically, we show that a support vector classifier trained on anatomized data satisfying l-diversity should be expected to do as well as on the original data. Anatomy preserves all data values, but introduces uncertainty in the mapping between identifying and sensitive values, thus satisfying l-diversity. The theoretical effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated using several publicly available datasets, showing that we outperform the state of the art for support vector classification using training data protected by k-anonymity, and are comparable to learning on the original data.
A Note on Computational Science Curriculum

Computational science is simply the application of computing capabilities to the solution of problems in the real-world. It is considered as one of the five college majors on the rise. Computational science is officially listed as a new study area in the Computer Science Curricula 2013 (CS2013), by the Joint Task Force on Computing Curricula Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and IEEE Computer Society. The authors introduced Binomial Simulation Method (BSM) as a new algorithm in the study of Computer Science. BSM is a simple and effective method to model real-world phenomena that involve up and down movements, and has been successfully used in many financial calculations. This work extends the previous study significantly with comparison with Black-Sholes and Monte Carlo simulation; it is intended to help the study of computational science in order to realize the potential power to solve more and more challenging real-world problems. We believe that it is very important to incorporate BSM into computational science education.
L Subshell Ratio Measurements for E2 Transitions in Gd154, Yb170, and W182

Publisher Summary Measurements of the L subshell ratios of pure E2 transitions in rare-earth nuclei have been made recently. The result prompted an investigation of the first excited state to ground state pure E2 transitions in Gd154, Yb170, and W182. In the investigation, the measurements were carried out on an iron-free double-focusing spectrometer. The resolution for the various measurements varied from approximately 0.06 to 0.10%. Each measurement was made several times and care was taken to ensure a good current control in the instrument over the long counting periods of 24 to 48 hours. An aluminum disk with a narrow defining slit over each of the sources is used. It has the effect of improving the resolution without distorting the spectrum. Measurements were made with and without this defining slit to determine whether there were any distortions.
Serials Workflow Changes: Transitioning from Print to Digital Subscriptions

Academic library collections are transitioning from print serial resources to digital subscriptions. Due to smaller library budgets, users’ preference of electronic resources, and publishers’ emphasis on electronicbased full-text publishing, print serials are no longer the preferred accessible format. Many libraries are increasing their purchasing of electronic serial resources and reducing their print versions. This has created an impact on library workflows. This paper looks at the reasons for the cancellation of print serials and the impact of the workflow at F. D. Bluford Library.
Relative error in floating-point multiplication

A model of the relative error in floating point multiplication is developed and is analyzed stochastically for various choices of computer design parameters. These parameters include the base, the type of rounding rule, the number of guard digits, and whether the post-arithmetic normalization shift (if needed) is done before or after rounding. Under the assumption of logarithmic distribution for the fraction (mantissa), the major stochastic conclusions are:
The effect of maxillary sinus antrostomy size on the sinus microbiome.

Background The optimal maxillary antrostomy size to surgically treat sinusitis is not well known. In this study, we examined clinical metrics of disease severity and symptom scores, measured secreted inflammatory markers, and characterized the sinus microbiome to determine if there were significant differences in outcome between different maxillary ostial sizes. Methods Prospective randomized, single-blinded clinical trial enrolling 12 individuals diagnosed with recurrent acute or chronic rhinosinusitis. Each patient was blinded and randomized to receive minimal maxillary ostial dilation via balloon sinuplasty on 1 side vs a mega-antrostomy on the contralateral side. Data collected included symptom scores (20-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test [SNOT-20]), endoscopy, and radiologic Lund-Mackay scores. During surgery and at their postoperative visit swabs were obtained from each maxillary sinus, and 16S DNA and inflammatory cytokine levels analyzed. The use of each patient as their own control allowed us to minimize confounding variables. Results There was statistically significant improvement in SNOT-20 symptom scores postoperatively in all patients. There were no significant differences between maxillary ostial size in postoperative endoscopy scores, cytokine profile, or bacterial burden. There were statistically significant differences in relative postoperative abundance of Staphylococcus, Lactococcus, and Cyanobacteria between the mega-antrostomy and mini-antrostomy. Conclusions The method used in surgical maxillary antrostomies had no effect on endoscopy scores or cytokine profiles. Microbiome analysis determined significant differences between the different antrostomy sizes in postoperative Staphylococcus, Lactococcus, and Cyanobacteria abundance. The clinical significance of these changes in the sinus microbiome are not known but may be a result of increased access to postoperative sinonasal irrigations.
Bone Marrow and the Stem Cell Niche

Abstract The skeleton is the obligate site for blood formation, also known as hematopoiesis, for all vertebrate except fish and certain amphibians. Over the years, the reciprocal interactions between cells that regulate skeletal function and repair and cells of the hematopoietic system have emerged. In this chapter, we discuss the importance of the hematopoietic system and its metabolic demands and present the current understanding of how cells that give rise to mature skeletal cells are critical in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cells. Moreover, we highlight the heterogeneity of the bone marrow microenvironment and how these interactions are altered in the setting of malignancy and aging.
Readiness to implement vancomycin monitoring based on area under the concentration-time curve: A cross-sectional survey of a national health consortium.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to (1) determine whether academic medical centers implemented area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)-based monitoring for vancomycin and (2) characterize perceived barriers to implementation and challenges experienced during the implementation process. Methods A multicenter, cross-sectional electronic survey was distributed to pharmacy representatives from 124 academic medical centers within the Vizient University Health System Consortium Pharmacy Network. Results Seventy-eight institutions completed the survey, representing a 62.9% response rate. Most institutions were approximately 500-1,000 beds (68/78, 87.2%), and pharmacists were primarily responsible for vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring (66/78, 84.6%) using pharmacist-driven protocols (57/78, 73.1%). Less than one fourth (18/78, 23.1%) of responding academic medical centers performed AUC-based vancomycin monitoring, and the majority (12/18, 66.7%) used 2-point pharmacokinetics, with a smaller fraction using either Bayesian software or population-based pharmacokinetics. Of the responding institutions that only perform trough-based therapeutic drug monitoring (60/78, 76.9%), most (53/60, 88.3%) did not plan to or were unsure about transitioning to AUC-based monitoring within the next year. Both the most common challenge encountered (13/18, 72.2%) for institutions performing AUC-based monitoring and the most common barrier (44/60, 73.3%) to implementation of this monitoring strategy were pharmacist and/or provider unfamiliarity. Conclusion The majority of surveyed academic medical centers have not yet implemented AUC-based vancomycin monitoring, and most institutions did not plan to adopt or were unsure about adopting this monitoring strategy within the next year.
Unbiased Metabolic Profiling Predicts Sensitivity of High MYC-Expressing Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumors to Glutamine Inhibition with 6-Diazo-5-Oxo-L-Norleucine

Purpose: Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) are aggressive infantile brain tumors with poor survival. Recent advancements have highlighted significant molecular heterogeneity in AT/RT with an aggressive subgroup featuring overexpression of the MYC proto-oncogene. We perform the first comprehensive metabolic profiling of patient-derived AT/RT cell lines to identify therapeutic susceptibilities in high MYC-expressing AT/RT. Experimental Design: Metabolites were extracted from AT/RT cell lines and separated in ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Glutamine metabolic inhibition with 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) was tested with growth and cell death assays and survival studies in orthotopic mouse models of AT/RT. Metabolic flux analysis was completed to identify combination therapies to act synergistically to improve survival in high MYC AT/RT. Results: Unbiased metabolic profiling of AT/RT cell models identified a unique dependence of high MYC AT/RT on glutamine for survival. The glutamine analogue, DON, selectively targeted high MYC cell lines, slowing cell growth, inducing apoptosis, and extending survival in orthotopic mouse models of AT/RT. Metabolic flux experiments with isotopically labeled glutamine revealed DON inhibition of glutathione (GSH) synthesis. DON combined with carboplatin further slowed cell growth, induced apoptosis, and extended survival in orthotopic mouse models of high MYC AT/RT. Conclusions: Unbiased metabolic profiling of AT/RT identified susceptibility of high MYC AT/RT to glutamine metabolic inhibition with DON therapy. DON inhibited glutamine-dependent synthesis of GSH and synergized with carboplatin to extend survival in high MYC AT/RT. These findings can rapidly translate into new clinical trials to improve survival in high MYC AT/RT.
Béranger in Nineteenth-Century America: Translating Revolution

Pierre-Jean de Beranger (1780–1857) was revered during his lifetime as the national poet of France. His championing of the Revolution and the people earned him significant impact in the United States; an antebellum American reviewer touted Beranger’s patriotism and his struggle for liberty as a model for an American national poetry. Translations of his songs were published in various formats at various prices by major publishers who also imported French-language editions. Translators struggled to bring his politically radical and sexually scandalous texts across linguistic and cultural borders to construct a Beranger who could be understood in the United States. Yet by refusing to translate Beranger, direct-language pioneer Lambert Sauveur subversively exposed his students to the Christian roots of socialism and a defense of the Paris Commune. By century’s end, Beranger’s influence had faded to mere inclusion in delicately suggestive anthologies, but his voice lived on to inspire leftists of the next century.
Practical limitations of earthquake early warning

Earthquake early warning (EEW) entails detection of initial earthquake shaking and rapid estimation and notification to users prior to imminent, stronger shaking. EEW (ShakeAlert Phase 1, version 2...
Effects of asymmetric demands on airline scheduling decisions in a network

Abstract This paper analyzes the flight-frequency choices of a monopoly airline serving a hub-and-spoke network with asymmetric demands. In the 3-city hub-and-spoke network, demand is allowed to differ across markets. Analysis is done separately for two distinct passenger types: those who assign zero cost to layovers, and those who assign a very high cost. Both cases result in a higher flight frequency on the higher-demand spoke. Using a simulation, the flight-frequency choices for the two models are compared, and results show that the difference between the flight-frequency choices on the high and low demand spokes is smaller in the high-cost-layover case than in the zero-cost case.
A 2 Tb/s 6 × 4 Mesh Network for a Single-Chip Cloud Computer With DVFS in 45 nm CMOS

A packet-switched 6 x 4 2-D mesh network providing 2 Tb/s of bisectional bandwidth with a per-hop latency of 4-cycles, forms the high performance communication fabric for a Single-Chip Cloud Computer (SCC) with 48 Pentium™ class IA-32 cores. The fabric operates on an independent power supply and frequency domain. The router micro-architecture achieves over 90% network utilization by effective use of a single-cycle Wrapped Wave-Front Allocator (WWFA) and virtual channel (VC) flow control. A router transit latency of 2 ns is achieved through early buffer write, route pre-computation and a single-cycle WWFA implementation. This 640 K transistor, 1.32 mm 2 router operates at 2 GHz at 1.1 V while dissipating 550 mW. The 24-node mesh network with 1.28 Tb/s router and 16B, 5.4 mm wide links consumes only 5% of the chip area, 1.2% of the transistors and 10% of total chip power at 1.1 V in a 45 nm nine-metal CMOS process. The router energy efficiency scales from 1.3 Tb/s/W to 7.2 Tb/s/W over a dynamic voltage range from 0.7 V to 1.25 V.