cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of flow on density profiles in laser irradiated plasmas

When the plasma outflow velocity relative to the critical surface is supersonic, compressional density profiles can form in the critical region. These compressions involve dissipative processes like those in collisionless shocks; associated plasma instabilities and reflected ions may inhibit energy transport and enhance laser-light absorption.
Computation of zero b three-dimensional equilibria with magnetic islands

Abstract A Picard iteration scheme has been implemented for the computation of toroidal, fully three-dimensional, zero β equilibria with islands and stochastic regions. Representation of the variables in appropriate coordinate systems has been found to be a key to making the scheme work well. In particular, different coordinate systems are used for solving magnetic differential equations and Ampere's law. The current profile is adjusted when islands and stochastic regions appear. An underrelaxation of the current profile modifications is generally needed for stable iteration of the algorithm. Some examples of equilibrium calculations are presented.
Acalculous cholecystitis in Crohn's disease

Abstract A 15-year-old boy with Crohns's ileocolitis developed marked gallbladder enlargement. Ultrasonographic findings were consistent with acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) or hydrops. At laparotomy a gangrenous gallbladder was found. The diagnostic modalities currently used to distinguish between hydrops, a benign condition generally treated expectantly, and AAC, a potentially life-threatening condition requiring surgical treatment are reviewed. Failure to distinguish between these two conditions with acalculous gallbladder enlargement and similar clinical and radiologic features may have serious consequences.
Implementing reliable Linux device drivers in ATS

Contemporary software systems often provide mechanisms forextending functionalities, which imposes great safety concerns on the well-being of critical infrastructures. ATS is a recently developed language with its type system rooted in Applied Type System framework which combines linear and dependent type theories for enforcing safe use of resources at low-level. In this paper, we describe a framework for constructing reliable Linux device drivers in ATS. Specifically, drivers are written and type checked in ATS, then compiled and linked to kernel with safety guarantee. Our preliminary experience shows that this approach can effectively enhance the reliability of device drivers and save the testing/debugging time.
Dietary and clinical factors related to concentrations of zinc and copper in hair from healthy pregnant women

Abstract The relationships of zinc and copper in scalp hair obtained from 94 healthy pregnant women at delivery to demographic, clinical and dietary factors were examined using analysis of variance. Mean concentration of hair zinc was greater for women who were 25 (p
Direct observation of acyl azide excited states and their decay processes by ultrafast time resolved infrared spectroscopy.

The photochemistry of three carbonyl azides was studied by ultrafast time-resolved IR spectroscopy. Benzoyl, 2-naphthoyl, and pivavoyl azides are promoted to upper excited states Sn with 270 nm excitation in chloroform. The Sn states decay in 300 fs to form both the carbonylnitrenes and the S1 excited states. The decay of the S1 states of the carbonyl azides correlates with the growth of isocyanates. Formation of carbonylnitrene from S1 is at most a minor process if it happens at all. The quantum yields of azide decomposition of these azides with 270 nm light are close to unity in chloroform.
Thermodynamic modelling of the Mg–Ca, Mg–Sr, Ca–Sr and Mg–Ca–Sr systems using the modified quasichemical model

In this work, a thermodynamic description of the Mg‐Ca‐Sr system is carried out using the modified quasichemical model. The three binary systems Mg‐Ca, Mg‐Sr and Ca‐Sr have been reoptimized based on the experimental phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties available in the literature. Good agreement was obtained among the calculated phase diagrams, thermodynamic properties and the corresponding experimental data from the literature. Using the established database, the Mg‐Ca‐Sr phase diagram is calculated. Also, a comparison between the liquidus projection calculated using random solution model and the modified quasichemical model is presented. Since experimental data on the mutual solubility between Mg2Ca and Mg2Sr could not be found in the literature, the Mg‐Ca‐Sr phase diagram is calculated and compared for the two cases of limited and complete solubility between these two compounds. c 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Gestational Trophoblastic Tumors of the Uterus: MR Imaging—Pathologic Correlation

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the MR findings of gestational trophoblastic tumors (GTTs). Ten patients who confirmed the diagnosis (4 choriocarcinomas and 6 invasive moles) constituted the basis of our study. The MR findings from these patients were prospectively correlated with the histopathology of resected tumor specimens. MR findings of 4 patients with choriocarcinomas were well-defined, hemorrhagic masses with central necrosis. In contrast, 6 patients with invasive moles showed ill-defined, permeative masses with densely enhanced solid components and tiny cystic lesions. The trophoblastic proliferation, coagulation necrosis, and molar villi had varying signal intensities on T1- and T2-weighted images. Our results suggest that MR imaging is a promising tool for noninvasive morphologic analysis of GTTs.
Aromatic- and di-carboxylates inhibit wound-induced phenolic accumulation in excised lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) leaf tissue

Excision of de-bladed 5-mm mid-rib segments from Romaine lettuce leaf tissue induced a five-fold rise in phenolic concentration when held at 10 ◦ C for 48 h. Immersion in aqueous solutions of various di-carboxylates and aromatic carboxylates for 1 h reduced this wound-induced increase. The decrease was linear for di-carboxylates with increasing length from 3 to 14 carbons, with the phenolic concentration becoming less than the control for compounds with more than 6 carbons. Aromatic carboxylates with a hydroxyl at the 2 position and another at an even position produced an average reduction of 46%, while aromatic carboxylates with no hydroxyl groups, groups at odd positions, or adjacent groups produced an average 12% reduction. The decrease in wound-induced phenolic accumulation produced by 10 mM solutions of aromatic- and di-carboxylates was linearly correlated (R 2 = 0.91) with the rate of carbon dioxide production, indicating possible tissue damage. This possibility was supported by the fact that most effective concentrations were highly correlated with increased ion leakage, another measure of tissue damage. While delaying the application of inhibitors of wound signal synthesis (e.g., n-alcohols) decreases their effectiveness, delaying the 1 h immersion in aromatic and di-carboxylate solutions for 4 h did not significantly reduce their effectiveness. Like mono-carboxylates, aromatic and di-carboxylates do not appear to be interfering with the synthesis or propagation of a wound signal, but appear to be inhibiting phenolic synthesis and/or accumulation at some subsequent step in the wound response. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Structural determinants for high 5-HT(2A) receptor affinity of spiro[9,10-dihydroanthracene]-9,3(')-pyrrolidine (SpAMDA).

Abstract The synthesis and 5-HT2A receptor affinities of ring altered derivatives of spiro[9,10-dihydroanthracene]-9,3′-pyrrolidine (4), a structurally unique tetracyclic 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, are described. The characteristics of the parent compound prove to be necessary for optimal 5-HT2A receptor affinity. However, expansion of the size of the pyrrolidine and central rings produce compounds with reasonably high 5-HT2A receptor affinities. In addition, the parent compound is shown to have high 5-HT2 receptor selectivity.
Gene duplication and the origin of novel proteins

Evolutionary biologists agree that gene duplication has played an important role in the history of life on Earth, providing a supply of novel genes that make it possible for organisms to adapt to new environments (1). The existence of diverse multigene families, particularly in eukaryotes, provides evidence that numerous events of gene duplication followed by functional diversification have shaped genomes as we know them. But it is less certain how this panoply of new functions actually arises, leaving room for ingenious speculation but not much rigor. Cases where we can reconstruct with any confidence the evolutionary steps involved in the functional diversification are relatively few. Thus the report in this issue of PNAS by Tocchini-Valentini and colleagues (2) on tRNA endonucleases of Archaea is particularly welcome as a concrete example of how new protein functions can arise. The first hypothesis regarding the origin of new gene function was that of Ohno (3), who assumed that, after duplication, one gene copy would be entirely redundant and thus freed from all constraint. This redundant copy would become a nonfunctional pseudogene in most cases. But occasionally, Ohno postulated, such a gene would reemerge from nonfunctionality with a new function acquired as a result of chance mutations. There are a number of reasons for doubting this hypothesis. First, as the late Marianne Hughes and I (4) showed in the case of the tetraploid frog Xenopus laevis , duplicate genes are not in general freed from all functional constraint. Rather, purifying selection acts to eliminate deleterious nonsynonymous (amino acid-altering) mutations even in apparently redundant gene copies. Furthermore, there are a number of multigene families where there is evidence that positive Darwinian selection has acted to promote amino acid changes in functionally important regions of proteins (5). In these families, new function clearly has not arisen …
Revisiting Sexual Harassment of Undergraduate Women 1989 and 1993

This article presents a comparison of 1989 and 1993 studies of the sexual harassment of undergraduate women (seniors, nontransfers) at a northeastern public university in the United States. Results suggest that these incidents have decreased over the last 4 years (from 25% in 1989 to 20% in 1993) but that sexual harassment remains a continuing problem, with approximately one in every five women likely to experience an incident of sexual harassment by her senior year. Although approximately a third of students continue to cite faculty members as perpetrators, and several mention personnel in other areas of the university, most women continue to report other students as perpetrators. The results strongly suggest that measures taken by university personnel to combat sexual harassment, since the 1989 study, may be responsible for the decrease in reported incidents, but still more needs to be done.
Role of oxidative stress on diesel-enhanced influenza infection in mice

Numerous studies have shown that air pollutants, including diesel exhaust (DE), reduce host defenses, resulting in decreased resistance to respiratory infections. This study sought to determine if DE exposure could affect the severity of an ongoing influenza infection in mice, and examine if this could be modulated with antioxidants. BALB/c mice were treated by oropharyngeal aspiration with 50 plaque forming units of influenza A/HongKong/8/68 and immediately exposed to air or 0.5 mg/m3 DE (4 hrs/day, 14 days). Mice were necropsied on days 1, 4, 8 and 14 post-infection and lungs were assessed for virus titers, lung inflammation, immune cytokine expression and pulmonary responsiveness (PR) to inhaled methacholine. Exposure to DE during the course of infection caused an increase in viral titers at days 4 and 8 post-infection, which was associated with increased neutrophils and protein in the BAL, and an early increase in PR. Increased virus load was not caused by decreased interferon levels, since IFN-β levels were enhanced in these mice. Expression and production of IL-4 was significantly increased on day 1 and 4 p.i. while expression of the Th1 cytokines, IFN-γ and IL-12p40 was decreased. Treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine did not affect diesel-enhanced virus titers but blocked the DE-induced changes in cytokine profiles and lung inflammation. We conclude that exposure to DE during an influenza infection polarizes the local immune responses to an IL-4 dominated profile in association with increased viral disease, and some aspects of this effect can be reversed with antioxidants.
Meeting the needs of pediatric nurse practitioner students today: Challenges of implementing a new curriculum

There has been a dramatic increase of nursing students who have completed schooling in the more generalized field of family practice, and yet, workforce data still shows a growing need for nurse practitioners specializing in pediatrics. In an era of diminishing resources, pediatric programs have always struggled, especially with the alignment of pedagogy and technology. But in the fall of 2012, a team comprised of clinical and tenure-earning faculty rose to overcome these challenges to achieve satisfaction for both teachers and students. Now, after two years of successfully using innovative strategies and improving the quality of our approaches as well as our brand, feedback from our team, faculty, and students remains high. Below we detail our endeavor of encouraging the expansion of Pediatric Nurse Practitioner programs, our evaluation processes, and the educational practices intended to inspire faculty.
Children benefit up to the age of 12 years old from prenatal and infancy home visiting by nurses; with reduced substance use, improved academic performance and reduced mental health problems

Commentary on: HJ Kitzman, DL Olds, RE Cole, et al.. Enduring effects of prenatal and infancy home visiting by nurses on children: follow-up of a randomized trial among children at age 12 years. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med2010;164:412–18.
Monitoring enteral nutrition support tolerance in infants and children.

Enteral nutrition support is used extensively in the care of infants and children, both for acute and chronic conditions. Monitoring a child's tolerance of enteral feedings is an ongoing challenge. Monitoring routines vary significantly between institutions, practitioners, and patient settings, and a number of definitions are used for “intolerance.” Some guidelines have scientific basis and others are passed along in a more anecdotal fashion. This review describes commonly used monitors for tolerance to enteral nutrition for infants and children and discusses pertinent data relevant to practice.
THE OCCURRENCE AND TREND OF SPONTANEOUS VARIATIONS IN ORGAN WEIGHTS OF NORMAL RABBITS.

Records of organ weights of normal rabbits covering a period of 3½ years were analyzed with a view to determining first, whether any significant variations of an orderly character could be demonstrated and, second, the general trend of the variations that occurred. It was found that many organs showed decided variations in weight which assumed the form of definite annual cycles. In addition, there was some evidence of a second cycle covering a period of years. These changes were most marked in the case of the endocrine glands (including the testicles), the lymphoid organs, and the liver.
Influence of glottic mechanism on pulmonary function after acute lung injury

We measured arterial gas tensions, respiratory timing, and intratracheal pressure in 12 rabbits to investigate the consequences of translaryngeal intubation with normal and subsequently injured lungs. Data were collected before, during, and after intubation. Intubation in normal rabbits precipitated no untoward effects on gas exchange or respiratory phase timing. However, there was significant elevation of subglottic pressure during expiration following extubation. Central venous injection of oleic acid (0.08 ml/kg) induced an acute lung injury that after 24 h was characterized by reduced PaO 2 and dynamic lung-thorax compliance and tachypnea. Intubation in animals with acute lung injury was associated with a significant decline in arterial oxygenation, tachypnea, and increased Pco 2 . Expiratory tracheal pressure and expiratory time were greater and PaCO 2 and respiratory rate were lower following extubation. We conclude that translaryngeal intubation following acute lung injury exacerbates already compromised pulmonary function by preventing a compensatory expiratory braking maneuver by the glottic apparatus.
An adaptive, lightweight and energy-efficient context discovery protocol for ubiquitous computing environments

In ubiquitous computing (ubicomp) environments, it is often necessary for the applications to have situation-awareness capability. Current research on situation-aware applications is mainly based on situations with a predefined set of contexts. To achieve more flexible situation-awareness, situation-aware applications should have the ability to discover and collect contexts in a timely and organized fashion. Due to the dynamic and ephemeral nature of ubicomp environments, a context discovery protocol (CDP) that defines the entire process of discovering, acquiring, aggregating and storing contexts, is needed. Because of the serious resource constraints on ubicomp devices, the CDP must be adaptive, lightweight and energy-efficient. In this paper, a CDP with such characteristics for ubicomp environments is presented. The experimental results to show that our CDP is more energy-efficient and has a small increase in latency, compared to a simple context discovery protocol, are also presented.
In vitro evaluation of bi-layer silk fibroin scaffolds for gastrointestinal tissue engineering.

Silk fibroin scaffolds were investigated for their ability to support attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of human gastrointestinal epithelial and smooth muscle cell lines in order to ascertain their potential for tissue engineering. A bi-layer silk fibroin matrix composed of a porous silk fibroin foam annealed to a homogeneous silk fibroin film was evaluated in parallel with small intestinal submucosa scaffolds. AlamarBlue analysis revealed that silk fibroin scaffolds supported significantly higher levels of small intestinal smooth muscle cell, colon smooth muscle cell, and esophageal smooth muscle cell attachment in comparison to small intestinal submucosa. Following 7 days of culture, relative numbers of each smooth muscle cell population maintained on both scaffold groups were significantly elevated over respective 1-day levels—indicative of cell proliferation. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that both silk fibroin and small intestinal submucosa scaffolds were permissive for contractile differentiation of small intestinal smooth muscle cell, colon smooth muscle cell, esophageal smooth muscle cell as determined by significant upregulation of α-smooth muscle actin and SM22α messenger RNA and protein expression levels following transforming growth factor-β1 stimulation. AlamarBlue analysis demonstrated that both matrix groups supported similar degrees of attachment and proliferation of gastrointestinal epithelial cell lines including colonic T84 cells and esophageal epithelial cells. Following 14 days of culture on both matrices, spontaneous differentiation of T84 cells toward an enterocyte lineage was confirmed by expression of brush border enzymes, lactase, and maltase, as determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analyses. In contrast to small intestinal submucosa scaffolds, silk fibroin scaffolds supported spontaneous differentiation of esophageal epithelial cells toward a suprabasal cell lineage as indicated by significant upregulation of cytokeratin 4 and cytokeratin 13 messenger RNA transcript levels. In addition, esophageal epithelial cells maintained on silk fibroin scaffolds also produced significantly higher involucrin messenger RNA transcript levels in comparison to small intestinal submucosa counterparts, indicating an increased propensity for superficial, squamous cell specification. Collectively, these data provide evidence for the potential of silk fibroin scaffolds for gastrointestinal tissue engineering applications.
Falls in A Tertiary Care Hospital—Association With Delirium: A Replication Study ☆

Background Delirium has been previously implicated as a risk factor for patient falls. This is a replication study of a 2009 investigation examining the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed delirium in patients who fell during their hospital stay. Objective To determine the prevalence of delirium at our institution and to examine the relationship of falls with delirium, advanced age, and hospital procedures. Method Using the data collection tool developed for the 2009 study, the authors performed a retrospective review of records of 99 patients who fell during their inpatient stay. Similar information was gathered on patient demographics, fall date, fall location, hospital service type, discharge disposition, diagnosis of delirium (DD), synonyms used to describe delirium, metabolic derangements, and surgeries or procedures performed. Data were collected on the day of admission, day of the fall, and 2 days before the fall. Results Falls in the general hospital were associated with delirium (73% of subjects had evidence or a DD at the time of their fall), advanced age (64.5% were older than 70 years), and specific procedures and surgeries. Conclusion As identified in the previous study, improving delirium recognition and treatment may reduce the number of patient falls and promote more favorable outcomes such as reduced length of stay, fewer discharges to intermediate care facilities, and prevention of fall injuries. A comprehensive fall risk assessment that includes a delirium detection tool would improve the sensitivity and specificity of these instruments to detect those at greatest risk.
Agency, Embodiment, and Quotidian Politics

This paper focuses on how subordinated groups understand and respond to their structural position in Sikh society. In short, this paper asks: how do Scheduled Caste Sikhs and Sikh women take political action in a community that engages in discrimination, yet denies its very existence? To answer this question, I turn to James Scott (1990), Ranajit Guha (1988), and Michael Hanchard (2006) who argue that the politics of subordinated groups are best understood as neither overt collective defiance nor complete hegemonic compliance, but rather as quotidian politics. Yet, my analysis also departs from these scholars. Instead of imposing a binary conception of agency as either resistance or resignification, I develop an understanding of agency from within the specificity of Sikh lived experience. By doing so, I am able to adopt an intersectional approach to understanding political agency by taking into account the mutually constitutive nature of categories like religion, gender, caste, and class. In particular, I examine (1) SC Sikh participation in squatting movements as one modality of agency that highlights issues of suffering and survival; and (2) Sikh women’s participation in religious societies as a second modality of agency, which highlights the theme of religious devotion. Through an exploration of quotidian politics, I am able to demonstrate that, at times, SC Sikhs and Sikh women undermine and adopt the very narratives that give rise to casteism and sexism.
Ukraine, Protracted Conflicts and the osce

Aspects of the Ukraine crisis present enormous problems for the future of OSCE and other international conflict mediation. Annexation, “hybrid” warfare, the proliferation of non-recognized separatist polities, the absence of a shared baseline of facts and, therefore, the sharp divergence of narratives, and perhaps most of all, the development of fortress mentalities – all of these have challenged the “Helsinki acquis ” on which the OSCE is based. Developments in the protracted conflicts – greater Russian control over three of the separatist polities to the point of crypto-annexation and the spread of the idea that democracy and human rights are no more than tools of Western imperialist domination – affect the way in which the OSCE and its mediators are perceived. The cycle of Russian assertiveness and Western response has created a self-reinforcing spiral that consolidates alliances among those who share a fortress mentality, is used to justify past actions, discourages “weakness” in the face of pressure, and encourages ever more aggressive responses to it. In the face of this discouraging picture, OSCE mediators should build on the remaining areas of co-operation – especially on the Karabakh conflict – and emphasize OSCE impartiality. The OSCE has always been a “big tent,” a forum of diverse equals, none of whom has a perfect record on democracy and human rights. Criticizing and being criticized is not, therefore, a “double standard,” but a dialogue that enriches all participating States.
Ancestral genome reconstruction identifies the evolutionary basis for trait acquisition in polyphosphate accumulating bacteria.

The evolution of complex traits is hypothesized to occur incrementally. Identifying the transitions that lead to extant complex traits may provide a better understanding of the genetic nature of the observed phenotype. A keystone functional group in wastewater treatment processes are polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs), however the evolution of the PAO phenotype has yet to be explicitly investigated and the specific metabolic traits that discriminate non-PAO from PAO are currently unknown. Here we perform the first comprehensive investigation on the evolution of the PAO phenotype using the model uncultured organism Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis (Accumulibacter) through ancestral genome reconstruction, identification of horizontal gene transfer, and a kinetic/stoichiometric characterization of Accumulibacter Clade IIA. The analysis of Accumulibacter’s last common ancestor identified 135 laterally derived genes, including genes involved in glycogen, polyhydroxyalkanoate, pyruvate and NADH/NADPH metabolisms, as well as inorganic ion transport and regulatory mechanisms. In contrast, pathways such as the TCA cycle and polyphosphate metabolism displayed minimal horizontal gene transfer. We show that the transition from non-PAO to PAO coincided with horizontal gene transfer within Accumulibacter’s core metabolism; likely alleviating key kinetic and stoichiometric bottlenecks, such as anaerobically linking glycogen degradation to polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis. These results demonstrate the utility of investigating the derived genome of a lineage to identify key transitions leading to an extant complex phenotype.
Related factors of bronchiolitis developing to bronchial asthma in 86 children

Objective: To explore the related factors of bronchiolitis developing to bronchial asthma. Methods: A total of 86 children with bronchiolitis who were followed up for a long time were included into the study,chi-square test was used to compare and analyze the incidence rate of asthma,the related factors of bronchiolitis developing to bronchial asthma were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of asthma between boys and girls( P 0. 01), the incidence rate of asthma in children with family history of asthma and allergic constitution increased significantly( P 0. 01),the incidence rate of asthma in children with BCG vaccination,immunoglobulin usage,and breastfeeding decreased significantly( P 0. 01). Conclusion: The risk factors of bronchial asthma include family history of asthma and allergic constitution; BCG vaccination,immunoglobulin usage,and breastfeeding are protective factors of bronchial asthma.
The Ability of Limulus to See Visual Patterns

1. Phototactic reactions of young and adult Limulus are described. 2. A method has been developed for studying the optokinetic responses of young animals to moving patterns. 3. Evidence is presented that young animals can see the movement of patterns which consist of light and dark vertical stripes. 4. The response is weak, and visual stimuli appear to have little influence on the behaviour of Limulus . Reasons for this are discussed.
Dietary boron and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) as risk factors for lung cancer in women

B58 Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may reduce lung cancer risk. Dietary boron intake may have similar actions to HRT. However, no previous study has reported on the associations between dietary boron intake or the joint-effects of boron intake and HRT use on lung cancer. In an ongoing case-control study, we identified 763 women with newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed lung cancer and 838 matched healthy controls with data on both diet and HRT. Multiple logistic regression analyses were computed to assess the associations between dietary boron and HRT with lung cancer risk. After adjustment for potential confounders, including other dietary factors, the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for lung cancer with increasing quartiles of dietary boron intake were: 1.0, 0.84 (0.63-1.12), 0.72 (0.53-0.96), 0.51 (0.37-0.71), respectively for all women (P-trend
Enabling Distributed Energy Storage by Incentivizing Small Load Shifts

Reducing peak demands and achieving a high penetration of renewable energy sources are important goals in achieving a smarter grid. To reduce peak demand, utilities are introducing variable rate electricity prices to incentivize consumers to manually shift their demand to low-price periods. Consumers may also use energy storage to automatically shift their demand by storing energy during low-price periods for use during high-price periods. Unfortunately, variable rate pricing provides only a weak incentive for distributed energy storage and does not promote its adoption at large scales. In this article, we present the storage adoption dilemma to capture the problems with incentivizing energy storage using variable rate prices. To address the problem, we propose a simple pricing scheme, called flat-power pricing, which incentivizes consumers to shift small amounts of load to flatten their demand rather than shift as much of their power usage as possible to low-price, off-peak periods. We show that compared to variable rate pricing, flat-power pricing (i) reduces consumers’ upfront capital costs, as it requires significantly less storage capacity per consumer; (ii) increases energy storage’s return on investment, as it mitigates free riding and maintains the incentive to use energy storage at large scales; and (iii) uses aggregate storage capacity within 31% of an optimal centralized approach. In addition, unlike variable rate pricing, we also show that flat-power pricing incentivizes the scheduling of elastic background loads, such as air conditioners and heaters, to reduce peak demand. We evaluate our approach using real smart meter data from 14,000 homes in a small town.
Designing dipole antenna for TV application and rectangular microstrip antenna working at 3 GHz for radar application

This paper presents two antenna design, the first antenna design a dipole antenna made of two material, aluminum and iron to works at TV channel frequency (450MHz-950MHz) in Jakarta, Indonesia. The second antenna design is a rectangular microstrip antenna with line feed method for radar application such as weather radar working on S-band at 3GHz frequency, we used rectangular shape because it is the simplest design of microstrip antenna. The paper methodology is to determine the frequency range the simulation will use, then design the antenna and start the simulation. Performance investigation of the design conducted by observing the bandwidth, return loss, and radiation of both antenna in simulation. For the rectangular patch antenna, determining the patch width, length and dielectric constant are the major critical parameters are needed. The simulation results show the comparison of performance between the dipole antenna two materials and the rectangular microtsrip patch antenna's performance using the dimension of selected parameters.
Acute right ventricular failure and pulseless electrical activity arrest following auto-transfusion of blood.

Air embolism is a rare but potentially catastrophic complication of interventional procedures. The occurrence of acute right ventricular dysfunction during intraoperative auto-transfusion of blood, presumably related to pulmonary embolism of agitated air microbubbles and microthrombi, is less commonly recognized. We report a case of auto-transfusion complicated by acute right ventricular failure and pulseless electrical activity arrest. Auto-transfusion of recovered blood is a practical solution to reduce need for post-procedure allogenic transfusions. Although such interventions are frequently performed without complications, they do have inherent risks that should be readily acknowledged. This case clearly describes a severe complication and sequelae of auto-transfusion. .
Electronic Health Literacy Across the Lifespan: Measurement Invariance Study.

Background: Electronic health (eHealth) information is ingrained in the healthcare experience to engage patients across the lifespan. Both eHealth accessibility and optimization are influenced by lifespan development, as older adults experience greater challenges accessing and using eHealth tools as compared to their younger counterparts. The eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) is the most popular measure used to assess patient confidence locating, understanding, evaluating, and acting upon online health information. Currently, however, the factor structure of the eHEALS across discrete age groups is not well understood, which limits its usefulness as a measure of eHealth literacy across the lifespan. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the structure of eHEALS scores and the degree of measurement invariance among US adults representing the following generations: Millennials (18-35-year-olds), Generation X (36-51-year-olds), Baby Boomers (52-70-year-olds), and the Silent Generation (71-84-year-olds). Methods: Millennials (N=281, mean 26.64 years, SD 5.14), Generation X (N=164, mean 42.97 years, SD 5.01), and Baby Boomers/Silent Generation (N=384, mean 62.80 years, SD 6.66) members completed the eHEALS. The 3-factor (root mean square error of approximation, RMSEA=.06, comparative fit index, CFI=.99, Tucker-Lewis index, TLI=.98) and 4-factor (RMSEA=.06, CFI=.99, TLI=.98) models showed the best global fit, as compared to the 1- and 2-factor models. However, the 4-factor model did not have statistically significant factor loadings on the 4th factor, which led to the acceptance of the 3-factor eHEALS model. The 3-factor model included eHealth Information Awareness, Search, and Engagement. Pattern invariance for this 3-factor structure was supported with acceptable model fit (RMSEA=.07, Δχ2=P>.05, ΔCFI=0). Compared to Millennials and members of Generation X, those in the Baby Boomer and Silent Generations reported less confidence in their awareness of eHealth resources (P.05, ΔCFI=0). Compared with younger adults, older adults had less confidence in eHealth resource awareness (P<.001), information seeking skills (P<.01), and ability to evaluate and act upon online health information (P<.001). Conclusions: The eHEALS can be used to assess, monitor uniquely, and evaluate Internet users’ awareness of eHealth resources, information seeking skills, and engagement abilities. Configural and pattern invariance was observed across all generation groups in the 3-factor eHEALS model. To meet gold the standards for factor interpretation (ie, 3 items or indicators per factor), future research is needed to create and assess additional eHEALS items. Future research is also necessary to identify and test items for a fourth factor, one that captures the social nature of eHealth.
Agency And Consciousness

In Intentionality and other works, John Searle establishes himself as a leading defender of the view that consciousness of what one is doing is always a component of one’s action. In this paper I focus on problems with Searle’s view to establish that there are actions in which the agent is not at all aware of what she is doing. I argue that any theory that misses this sort of action keeps us from important insights into autonomy, self-knowledge and responsibility.
Microearthquake Network in Kansas

In areas of low to moderate seismic risk such as Kansas, earthquake prediction is not presently a realistic research goal. Seismic risk can be estimated from historic earthquakes, present-day microearthquakes, and the interpretation of their relationship to tectonic features. Data from 25 known historic epicenters in Kansas and from a dozen microearthquakes in 1977-78 give preliminary indication that the Nemaha Ridge is at least slightly active. A microearthquake network of 12 stations using telephone telemetry, borehole seismometers, and a combination of analog and digital recording will further delineate seismic activity in the future.
“Bocetos femeninos” en la escritura periodística de Alfonsina Storni

El presente articulo se enfoca en la labor periodistica de Alfonsina Storni con mayor enfasis en la etapa de “Bocetos femeninos” (1920–1921), titulo de su columna en el periodico La Nacion. La peculiaridad de los rasgos que se concentran tanto en este periodo como en el inmediatamente anterior de “Feminidades” (1919), en la revista La Nota, justifica encontrar en aquellos anos el corpus principal de su participacion en revistas y periodicos. La autora dedica estos espacios a explorar la creciente presencia femeninaen Buenos Aires y los retos que ello suponia para su poblacion. Este analisis parte de relacionar los escritos periodisticos con la produccion poetica, porque es posible encontrar en la desfavorable recepcion de su poesia inicial, por un sector de la critica, una causa poderosa que decide a la escritora a virar hacia el campo periodistico como un medio mas adecuado para desarrollar su lectura de la ciudad. Centrandose en la segunda etapa de “Bocetos femeninos”, es posible descubrir un estilo que construye una vision critica y desestabilizadora de lo urbano, principalmente, a travesde la apariencia femenina dibujada con ironia. De modo notorio, sus piezas divergen de los contenidos conservadores atribuidos a los espacios femeninos de la epoca. No obstante, tanto variaciones en el estilo como el recurso a un pseudonimo, indican un reconocimiento a su desventaja de genero, a la vez que una lucha para autorizarse como voz capaz de relatar a la ciudad y sus habitantes.
A Systematic Review of Genetic Influence on Psychological Resilience.

When exposed to adversity, some individuals are at an increased risk of posttraumatic stress disorder, experiencing persistent biopsychosocial disturbances, whereas others adapt well, described as ...
Influence of Timing and Rate of Glyphosate Applications on Conifer Growth

Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] was applied at four rates, 0.4, 0.8, 1.5 and 3.0 kg ai/ha (0.36, 0.71, 1.34 and 2.7 lb ai/A) each at four dates, May 26, July 14, September 10, and October 2...
Ultraporous nitrogen-rich carbon nanosheets derived from the synergy of eutectic liquid and zeolitic imidazolate for energy applications

Abstract Reported here is a unique and novel synthetic method for the preparation of highly porous nitrogen-rich carbon nanosheets from ZIF-8 (ZIF, zeolitic imidazolate framework) with the assistance of eutectic liquid. Due to the low melting temperature, a mixture of eutectic salts can provide a special atmosphere for the carbonization process and function as the template to support the ZIF-8 framework. The formation of the ultraporous nanosheets can be ascribed to the excellent miscibility between the eutectic salts and ZIF-8 framework, thus helping convert the ordered calcined intermediate species into extended carbon sheets at high temperature while inheriting the microporous structure from the prototypical ZIF-8. By controlling the ratio of eutectic liquid to ZIF-8 framework, the BET surface area of carbon nanosheets can be systematically tuned, with the highest BET surface area up to 2960 m2 g−1. In addition to this impressive high surface area, the pore size distribution follows well with the pristine ZIF-8. The nitrogen content varies from 9.9 wt % to 13.4 wt %. These characteristics contribute to the excellent performance of CO2 adsorption (5.45 mmol g−1 at 1atm and 273K) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysis due to the large numbers of accessible active sites.
The Shadow War: Inside Russia’s and China’s Secret Operations to Defeat America

The author of this book, Jim Sciutto, is the Chief National Security Reporter for CNN. Drawing on his extensive journalistic work, he reviews a wide range of national security challenges posed to t...
Detection of Rickettsia asembonensis in Fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae, Ceratophyllidae) Collected in Five Counties in Georgia, United States

We conducted a molecular survey of Rickettsia in fleas collected from opossums, road-killed and live-trapped in peridomestic and rural settings, state parks, and from pet cats and dogs in Georgia, United States during 1992-2014. The cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche) was the predominant species collected from cats and among the archival specimens from opossums found in peridomestic settings. Polygenis gwyni (Fox) was more prevalent on opossums and a single cotton rat trapped in sylvatic settings. Trapped animals were infested infrequently with the squirrel flea, Orchopeas howardi (Baker) and C. felis. TaqMan assays targeting the BioB gene of Rickettsia felis and the OmpB gene of Rickettsia typhi were used to test 291 flea DNAs for Rickettsia. A subset of 53 C. felis collected from a cat in 2011 was tested in 18 pools which were all bioB TaqMan positive (34% minimum infection prevalence). Of 238 fleas tested individually, 140 (58.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 52.5-64.9%) DNAs were bioB positive. Detection of bioB was more prevalent in individual C. felis (91%) compared to P. gwyni (13.4%). Twenty-one (7.2%) were ompB TaqMan positive, including 18 C. felis (9.5%) and 3 P. gwyni (3.2%). Most of these fleas were also positive with bioB TaqMan; however, sequencing of gltA amplicons detected only DNA of Rickettsia asembonensis. Furthermore, only the R. asembonensis genotype was identified based on NlaIV restriction analysis of a larger ompB fragment. These findings contribute to understanding the diversity of Rickettsia associated with fleas in Georgia and emphasize the need for development of more specific molecular tools for detection and field research on rickettsial pathogens.
Dialogic Pathways to Manage Uncertainty for Productive Engagement in Scientific Argumentation

Scientific knowledge is advanced because scientists manage uncertainty. Although managing uncertainty is an essential practice of science, transferring it from expert settings to K–12 classrooms is problematic because, understandably, students are not familiar with the intentions of scientists. Few studies have explored learning science as an enterprise of uncertainty management. This longitudinal case study, grounded in ethnographic microanalysis of interaction, examines dialogic pathways for the dynamics of authority and accountability between students and teachers as a mechanism to understand how uncertainty gets raised and managed through resources related to the epistemic understanding of argument. The data sources include 15 videotaped fifth-grade, whole class discussions over a 20-week period. Students obtained peer feedback through discussions focused on group presentations of arguments regarding the scientific concepts of the ecosystem, the human body, and the day and night cycle. As time passed and as opportunities for students to engage in managing uncertainty increased, the dialogic pathways moved away from teacher-scaffolded to serpentine and to student-led. Results indicate that elementary school students are able to engage in uncertainty management, yet they need support from the teacher to know how to use resources effectively. Student development of scientific practices and knowledge may depend on teachers knowing when to authorize and hold students accountable as they work to resolve their uncertainty, learning how to interpret data as evidence, and using resources productively. A schematic model is conceptualized regarding the tensions between authority and accountability that shape the three dialogic pathways to manage uncertainty.
Haciendo y deshaciendo baldíos: dinámicas de valor y conflictos energéticos en la Cataluña sur

espanolEn el Estado espanol, el desarrollo eolico ha seguido un modelo centralizado, concentrado en territorios rurales y de caracter extractivista. Esta ultima caracteristica se hace patente cuando observamos que la puesta en valor del recurso viento ha supuesto la construccion de los territorios de donde tal recurso es extraido como lo que llamo “baldios”, es decir, su definicion como carentes de valor. Este articulo examina la compleja dialectica entre desarrollo eolico y dinamicas de valor a partir de un estudio de caso situado en la Cataluna Sur, una region que concentra una enorme variedad de infraestructuras energeticas. Mi descripcion, basada en un trabajo etnografico de larga duracion, explora los mecanismos a traves de los cuales la actividad de los promotores eolicos contribuye a abaratar material y discursivamente la region. Asimismo, argumento que la oposicion que historicamente ha emergido en la zona en contra del desarrollo eolico debe ser comprendida como una reaccion contra estas practicas. Esta resistencia, que tiende a articularse como una demanda de dignidad, persigue afirmar y preservar el valor de las estrategias reproductivas locales, orientandose a reproducir las condiciones objetivas y subjetivas que hacen tales estrategias posibles. EnglishIn Spain, wind energy development has followed a centralized, extractivist model, with wind farms concentrated in peripheralized and impoverished rural territories. The ability of developers to extract value and electricity from these areas rests upon the latter’s economic, ecological and cultural devaluation, that is to say, on its discursive and material construction as wastelands. This paper examines the dialectical relationship between devaluation and wind energy development through a specific case study from Southern Catalonia, a region that concentrates a large array of energy-related infrastructure. Basing my description on long-term ethnographic fieldwork, I explore the mechanisms through which wind developers aimed to materially and discursively devalue the region, and more specifically its land and the livelihoods it supports. Finally, I argue that opposition to wind energy development emerges, fundamentally, as a reaction against these devaluation practices. A struggle – which takes place through and in the idiom and dignity – that aims to assert and preserve the value of local reproductive strategies and the objective and subjective conditions that make them possible