cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diabetic ketoacidosis during therapy for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Background Hyperglycemia is common during therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) occurs rarely. Morbidity due to DKA in children with ALL has not been systematically studied. Procedures We reviewed risk factors and clinical consequences of DKA in patients undergoing therapy for ALL at SJCRH between 1991 and 2006. Results DKA occurred in 6 of 797 evaluable patients. Only older age at diagnosis of ALL was a risk factor for DKA. Four of six patients with DKA as compared to 232 of the other 791 patients were older than 10 years (P = 0.03). Race, sex, body mass index, leukemia immunophenotype, ALL risk category, white blood cell count at diagnosis, and treatment protocol were not associated with DKA. All patients were managed with intravenous fluids, dietary modification, and short-term use of insulin. Patients were hospitalized for 4–12 days, with a median ICU stay of 1 day. In two patients, correction of hyperglycemia was too rapid, and two others experienced hypoglycemia due to insulin therapy. There were no permanent complications of DKA or its treatment. No patient required long-term insulin use. No patient had recurrent DKA; only one of the six patients had a subsequent hyperglycemia episode. All six patients are alive in remission 6–13 years after diagnosis. Conclusions Patients with hyperglycemia during treatment for ALL should be screened for clinical evidence of DKA, which may require more intensive supportive care than those without ketoacidosis. The occurrence of DKA should not lead to alteration of ALL treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:1207–1212. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
HIV Testing as a Standard of Care for Men Who Have Sex With Men: Patient and Provider Perspectives

In 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) revised its HIV testing recommendations in health care settings. Current guidelines recommend that all patients aged 13 to 64 years be screened for HIV as part of routine medical care. Additionally, the CDC recommends that persons at high risk for HIV infection should be screened for HIV at least annually. Primary care providers in clinical settings are seen as important providers of HIV prevention services and will be critical to expand HIV testing rates, particularly among populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM). This article reports on results from a multifaceted study that combined qualitative and quantitative methods and targeted both MSM and primary care providers. Through a quantitative survey with 709 MSM in Wisconsin, we explored the relationship between having a primary care provider, risk behavior, and HIV testing patterns. In the qualitative portion of the study, we conducted structured interviews with 7 clinic medical directors to explore the acceptability and feasibility of increased HIV testing in clinical setting strategy among primary care providers. Consistent with previous research, the results of this study indicate that primary care providers can play a significant role in encouraging and facilitating annual routine testing as a standard of care for high-risk MSM. This article offers policy and practice recommendations based on these findings.
Wide Range Achievement Test: A One-Year Stability Study

This study examined the stability of the 1965 and 1978 Wide Range Achievement Test standard scores for a total sample of 115 kindergarten, first, and second grade students on the Hopi Indian Reservation in Northern Arizona. Results indicate satisfactory stability over a 1-yr. interval for the Reading, Spelling, and Arithmetic subtests using both the 1965 and 1978 editions. At the same test administration, the 1965 and 1978 standard scores correlated significantly with each other. Standard score subtest means derived from the 1965 and 1978 editions of the WRAT were compared and determined to be, in most cases, significantly different from one another.
Training Undergraduates to Work in Organizational Teams

Organizations are increasingly seeking candidates possessing high levels of teamwork knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs; Stevens & Campion, 1994). Yet, despite a greater emphasis in higher educ...
IS-LM stability and economic policy effectiveness: A note

Abstract Accepting the findings of Weber (1970) and Yarrow (1975) , Cebula finds that conventional fiscal policy has its usual positive effect on the level of income while monetary policy has a negative impact. This paper shows that if a budget constraint of the specific, simplified form G − T = ΔM is added to the model, the results differ from Cebula's.
Applications of real-time image processing for electron microscopy

Abstract Using a television-rate, digital image processing system, a number of applications areas for electron microscopy have been developed for high-speed performance. The main component of the system is a digital television frame store which is linked to a large mainframe computer. Many features of the frame store such as digitization, zoom and pan, arithmetic and Boolean processors, image video routing, lookup table modification and histogram generation can be performed rapidly from menu-driven software. It is the purpose of this paper to describe methods whereby high-speed image creation, acquisition, manipulation and measurements can be made using the above mentioned frame store functions as opposed to the images being processed or modified on the host computer. Examples will be given in the areas of multiple image digitization, optimal imaging determination via gray-level histograms, contrast correction and compression, particle analysis and Fourier analysis.
Oxygen deficit-oxygen debt relationships in ponies during submaximal treadmill exercise

Abstract The O 2 deficit-O 2 debt relationship in ponies was examined at two levels of treadmill exercise. Five healthy ponies exercised for 8 min at two work rates (WR): (1) 50 m/min at 6% grade and (2) 70 m/min at 12% grade. The O 2 deficit and O 2 debt were calculated using open-circuit measurement of pulmonary gas exchange during the transition from rest to steady-state exercise and during recovery from exercise. The O 2 deficit was significantly lower ( P 2 debt at each of the two work rates. The means (± SEM) for the deficit and the O 2 debt, respectively, in liters were: (1) low WR = 0.45 ± 0.12; 0.92 ± 0.13; high WR = 1.03 ± 0.20; 1.62 ± 0.12. Given the observation that the O 2 deficit and the O 2 debt are generally equal in humans during exercise below the anaerobic threshold, these findings suggest a species difference in the O 2 deficit-O 2 debt relationship. It is hypothesized that the difference in O 2 deficit between man and pony is related to faster V O 2 kinetics for the on-transient of exercise which involves a more rapid increase in cardiac output coupled with a release of splenic stored erythrocytes.
DOES RESEARCH SUPPORT THE USE OF “PURPOSE QUESTIONS” ON READING COMPREHENSION TESTS?

The inclusion of “purpose questions” before passages in reading comprehension tests is evaluated in light of recent research related to schema theory and adjunct questions. Schema-theoretic studies of prepassage cues to the theme of a reading selection suggest that purpose questions may serve a schema activating function. Recent studies of higher level (nonliteral) prepassage questions also support this view. Conclusions commonly drawn from studies using literal level prepassage questions cannot be applied directly to the use of purpose questions on the Metropolitan Achievement Tests. While research supports the use of purpose questions, gaps and weaknesses in the available data exist. Suggestions for further study are provided.
Electrical Impedance Tomography using the finite element method in the mammography geometry

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) has shown great potential to be used as a method for breast cancer screening. Combining EIT with x-ray mammography allows for both sets of data to be used in conjunction to make a more accurate diagnosis. Previous efforts to implement EIT in the mammography geometry have used analytical solutions to the forward model. This paper presents a three dimensional numerical forward model which uses a finite element method (FEM) to implement the complete electrode model (CEM) in EIT. We show that the numerical solution achieves greater accuracy than analytic models, and opens the way to implement an iterative inversion algorithm.
A case for recognizing distinctions among constructs that capture interpersonal mistreatment in work organizations

Leading organizational behavior scholars have argued that construct proliferation threatens the interpretability of interpersonal mistreatment research and have argued that researchers should employ the same terminology to refer to constructs that have been studied under distinct labels (e.g., bullying, deviance, retaliation, abuse, undermining). We argue that most of the construct labels researchers regularly employ capture meaningful theoretical differences, although the corresponding measures often fail to capture the distinctive features of mistreatment constructs. We further argue that a more immediate threat to the interpretability of research in this area is that scholars have overlooked the distinctions among the individual forms of mistreatment that comprise extant operational definitions. We offer recommendations for addressing what we perceive to be the major limitations of current interpersonal mistreatment research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two-Dimensional Cross-Flow Extraction

Abstract The separating power of two dimensional cross-flow (2DCF) cascades employing liquid-liquid extraction has been studied experimentally and theoretically. Toluene and ethylene glycol were used as solvents to separate a multicomponent feed consisting of nonane, methyl ethyl ketone, and 2-propanol. An efficient convergence scheme was developed for computer solution of the nonideal mass and equilibrium equations for each stage for either discrete transfer or continuous flow systems. Agreement between experimental results and theoretical predictions was good. It was clearly demonstrated that the 2DCF cascade is capable of separating a multicomponent feed into its individual components in continual operation.
Reconstructing Classic Maya Socioeconomic Differentiation and the Collapse at Dos Pilas, Peten, Guatemala

Three field seasons of extensive residential archaeology at Dos Pilas, Peten, Guatemala, provide important data for the examination of ancient Maya social structure and the Classic Period collapse in the Petexbatun region. A sampling strategy guiding excavations in structures of different size and architectural configuration enables us to reconstruct the multifaceted, segmented nature of Maya social inequalities and helps to elucidate the effects of the collapse on the lives of people of various socioeconomic ranks and statuses. Other significant findings of the project include hieroglyphic vessels and stone sculptures in nonroyal elite domestic compounds, postcollapse occupation in the settlement, as well as continued craft production and interregional trade into Terminal Classic times and after elite abandonment of the site. The results of household archaeology at Dos Pilas, which demonstrate that elites were affected first and foremost during the collapse, support theories of intensified elite competition, socio-political instability, and warfare for the Maya downfall in the Petexbatun Region, and not environmental degradation or breakdowns in interregional trade.
Can dispersal mode predict corridor effects on plant parasites

Habitat corridors, a common management strategy for increasing connectivity in fragmented landscapes, have experimentally validated positive influences on species movement and diversity. However, long-standing concerns that corridors could negatively impact native species by spreading antagonists, such as disease, remain largely untested. Using a large-scale, replicated experiment, we evaluated whether corridors increase the incidence of plant parasites. We found that corridor impacts varied with parasite dispersal mode. Connectivity provided by corridors increased incidence of biotically dispersed parasites (galls on Solidago odora) but not of abiotically dispersed parasites (foliar fungi on S. odora and three Lespedeza spp.). Both biotically and abiotically dispersed parasites responded to edge effects, but the direction of responses varied across species. Although our results require additional tests for generality to other species and landscapes, they suggest that, when establishing conservation corridors, managers should focus on mitigating two potential negative effects: the indirect effects of narrow corridors in creating edges and direct effects of corridors in enhancing connectivity of biotically dispersed parasites.
Effects of resistance training with and without caloric restriction on physical function and mobility in overweight and obese older adults: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Resistance training (RT) improves muscle strength and overall physical function in older adults. RT may be particularly important in the obese elderly who have compromised muscle function. Whether caloric restriction (CR) acts synergistically with RT to enhance function is unknown. Objective: As the primary goal of the Improving Muscle for Functional Independence Trial (I’M FIT), we determined the effects of adding CR for weight loss on muscle and physical function responses to RT in older overweight and obese adults. Design: I’M FITwas a 5-mo trial in 126 older (65–79 y) overweight and obese men and women who were randomly assigned to a progressive, 3-d/wk, moderate-intensity RT intervention with a weightloss intervention (RT+CR) or without a weight-loss intervention (RT). The primary outcome was maximal knee extensor strength; secondary outcomes were muscle power and quality, overall physical function, and total body and thigh compositions. Results: Body mass decreased in the RT+CR group but not in the RT group. Fat mass, percentage of fat, and all thigh fat volumes decreased in both groups, but only the RT+CR group lost lean mass. Adjusted postintervention body- and thigh-composition measures were all lower with RT+CR except intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT). Knee strength, power, and quality and the 4-m gait speed increased similarly in both groups. Adjusted postintervention means for a 400-m walk time and self-reported disability were better with RT+CR with no group differences in other functional measures, including knee strength. Participants with a lower percentage of fat and IMAT at baseline exhibited a greater improvement in the 400-m walk and knee strength and power. Conclusions: RT improved body composition (including reducing IMAT) and muscle strength and physical function in obese elderly, but those with higher initial adiposity experienced less improvement. The addition of CR during RT improves mobility and does not compromise other functional adaptations to RT. These findings support the incorporation of RT into obesity treatments for this population regardless of whether CR is part of the treatment. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials. gov as NCT01049698. Am J Clin Nutr 2015;101:991–9.
Ontogeny of intestinal safety factors: lactase capacities and lactose loads.

We measured intestinal safety factors (ratio of a physiological capacity to the load on it) for lactose digestion in developing rat pups. Specifically, we assessed the quantitative relationships be...
Distributed Bluetooth scatternet formation algorithm

Bluetooth is a short range communication technology in which devices communicate in a master-slave fashion within a piconet. Several piconets interconnect via gateway devices to form a scatternet. This paper introduces a greedy approach to scatternet tree and mesh formation which tries to minimize the number of piconets at each iterative step. The protocol is distributed, rapidly converging and incurs minimum control packet overhead. The scatternet formed is optimized in terms of number of piconets formed and average shortest path between any two devices.
Effects of high sucrose diets and 4-aminopyrazolopyrimidine on serum lipids and lipoproteins in the rat.

The effect of feeding a semipurified diet high in sucrose on serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations was studied. In rats fed this diet the serum triglyceride concentra- tion doubled, and liver triglyceride concentration increased by 30%. A fivefold increase in VLDL protein concentration and a small but significant increase of HDL protein concentration was also observed. In these rats there was increased incorpora- tion of labeled amino acids into the proteins of plasma VLDL and HDL. Fatty livers developed in the animals receiving 4-amino- pyrazolopyrimidine, and levels of serum triglyceride and cho- lesterol fell markedly. The concentration of all lipoprotein classes decreased, with VLDL showing the most marked effect. Incorporation of labeled amino acids into lipoproteins and other plasma proteins was depressed. 4-APP. He therefore concluded that the decreased trans- port of triglyceride from the liver which occurs after administration of 4-APP was probably not due to inhibi- tion of protein synthesis. The synthesis of the plasma lipoproteins was not measured in this study. We have previously studied the mechanism of production of fatty livers caused by administration of orotic acid to rats (3). In those studies we found that synthesis of total plasma and liver proteins was not inhibited by administration of orotic acid, but that the formation of lipoproteins, es- pecially the very low density lipoproteins, was markedly decreased. It seemed possible that an adenine analog might exert its effect by a mechanism similar to that of orotic acid. Therefore, we have undertaken to study the synthesis of lipoproteins in 4-APP-treated animals. Our studies of orotic acid-induced fatty livers con- firmed earlier studies which showed (4) that a fatty liver could be produced only in rats fed a semipurified diet. Accordingly, we studied the effect of 4-APP in rats fed commercial pellets and a semipurified diet. Since the semipurified diet per se affected serum and liver lipids, it was necessary to compare first the levels of lipoproteins and their rates of synthesis in untreated rats fed commer- cial pellets or a semipurified diet.
Species Identification of Raw and Boiled Shrimp by a Urea Gel Isoelectric Focusing Technique

Isoelectric focusing (IEF) using 9.2M urea and 6.2% (v/v) ampholytes in a polyacrylamide gel was used to separate protein banding patterns for species identification of pink, white and rock shrimp. A 17-hr focusing time was used. IEF of water extracts of raw shrimp showed excellent banding patterns useful for distinguishing each shrimp species. For cooked shrimp, water and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were better protein extractants. Detection of shrimp species in a mixture was difficult due to similar banding patterns between closely related species.
A MATLAB toolbox for fixed-order, mixed-norm control synthesis

This article introduces a MATLAB toolbox for fixed order, mixed-norm control synthesis. The Mixed-Norm Toolbox contains a complete set of routines for both continuous and discrete-time systems. The problem addressed by the toolbox is that of finding a compensator which minimizes the H/sub 2/ norm of a transfer function, while constraining any combination of H/sub /spl infin// and/or l/sub 1/ (L/sub 1/) norms of possibly dissimilar transfer functions to be below specified levels. Within reason, any number or combination of constraints can be added to the problem, and the method constrains the norms directly without reliance on upper bounds. The primary contribution of the Mixed-Norm Toolbox is a modular collection of norm and gradient algorithms which can be used with almost any nonlinear, constrained optimization solver. While global convergence is not guaranteed for the resulting nonconvex problem, the toolbox has been successfully used to show portions of Pareto optimal curves and surfaces for a wide variety of problems.
Modeling Fan Effects on the Time Course of Associative Recognition

Abstract We investigated the time course of associative recognition using the response signal procedure, whereby a stimulus is presented and followed after a variable lag by a signal indicating that an immediate response is required. More specifically, we examined the effects of associative fan (the number of associations that an item has with other items in memory) on speed–accuracy tradeoff functions obtained in a previous response signal experiment involving briefly studied materials and in a new experiment involving well-learned materials. High fan lowered asymptotic accuracy or the rate of rise in accuracy across lags, or both. We developed an Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational (ACT-R) model for the response signal procedure to explain these effects. The model assumes that high fan results in weak associative activation that slows memory retrieval, thereby decreasing the probability that retrieval finishes in time and producing a speed–accuracy tradeoff function. The ACT-R model provided an excellent account of the data, yielding quantitative fits that were as good as those of the best descriptive model for response signal data.
The hippo coactivator YAP1 mediates EGFR overexpression and confers chemoresistance in esophageal cancer

Purpose:Esophageal cancer (EC) is an aggressive malignancy and often resistant to therapy. Overexpression of EGFR has been associated with poor prognosis of EC patients. However, clinical trials using EGFR inhibitors have not provided benefit for EC patients. Failure of EGFR inhibition may be due to crosstalk with other oncogenic pathways. Experimental Design:In this study, expression of YAP1 and EGFR were examined in EAC resistant tumor tissues vs sensitive tissues by immunohistochemistry. Western blot, immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, promoter analysis, site-directed mutagenesis and in vitro and in vivo functional assays were performed to elucidate the YAP1 mediate EGFR expression and transcription and the relationship with chemoresistance in esophageal cancer. Results:We demonstrate that Hippo pathway coactivator YAP1 can induce EGFR expression and transcription in multiple cell systems. Both YAP1 and EGFR are overexpressed in resistant EC tissues compared to sensitive EC tissues. Further, we found that YAP1 increases EGFR expression at the level of transcription requiring an intact TEAD binding site in the EGFR promoter. Most importantly, exogenous induction of YAP1 induces resistance to 5-FU and docetaxcel, while knockdown of YAP sensitizes EC cells to these cytotoxics. Verteporfin, a YAP1 inhibitor, effectively inhibits both YAP1 and EGFR expression and sensitizes cells to cytotoxics. Conclusions:Our data provide evidence that YAP1 up-regulation of EGFR plays an important role in conferring therapy resistance in EC cells. Targeting YAP1-EGFR axis may be more efficacious than targeting EGFR alone in EC.
Establishment of clonal myogenic cell lines from severely affected dystrophic muscles - CDK4 maintains the myogenic population

A hallmark of muscular dystrophies is the replacement of muscle by connective tissue. Muscle biopsies from patients severely affected with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) may contain few myogenic cells. Because the chromosomal contraction at 4q35 linked to FSHD is thought to cause a defect within myogenic cells, it is important to study this particular cell type, rather than the fibroblasts and adipocytes of the endomysial fibrosis, to understand the mechanism leading to myopathy. We present a protocol to establish clonal myogenic cell lines from even severely dystrophic muscle that has been replaced mostly by fat, using overexpression of CDK4 and the catalytic component of telomerase (human telomerase reverse transcriptase; hTERT), and a subsequent cloning step. hTERT is necessary to compensate for telomere loss during in vitro cultivation, while CDK4 prevents a telomere-independent growth arrest affecting CD56+ myogenic cells, but not their CD56- counterpart, in vitro. These immortal cell lines are valuable tools to reproducibly study the effect of the FSHD mutation within myoblasts isolated from muscles that have been severely affected by the disease, without the confounding influence of variable amounts of contaminating connective-tissue cells.
High-performance sub-quarter-micrometer PMOSFET's on SOI

PMOS transistors with effective channel lengths down to 0.15 mu m have been fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) films. Gate oxide thicknesses of 5.5 and 10 nm are used. These P/sup +/ gate PMOS devices exhibit excellent short-channel behavior, low-source-drain resistance, and remarkably large current drive and transconductance. for T/sub ox/=5.5 nm, saturation transconductances of 274 mS/mm at 300 K and 352 mS/mm at 80 K are achieved, which are the highest reported values for this oxide thickness. The result is attributed to low series resistance, forward-bias body effect, and the reduction of body charge effect. >
Mean and Near-Inertial Ocean Current Response to Hurricane Gilbert

Abstract The three-dimensional hurricane-induced ocean response is determined from velocity and temperature profiles acquired in the western Gulf of Mexico between 14 and 19 September 1988 during the passage of Hurricane Gilbert. The asymmetric wind structure of Gilbert indicated a wind stress of 4.2 N m−2 at a radius of maximum winds (Rmax) of 60 km. Using observed temperature profiles and climatological temperature–salinity relationships, the background and storm-induced geostrophic currents (re: 750 m) were 0.1 m s−1 and 0.2 m s−1, respectively. A Loop Current warm core ring (LCWCR) was also located to the right of the storm track at 4–5 Rmax, where anticyclonically rotating near-surface and 100-m currents decreased from 0.9 m s−1 to 0.6 m s−1 at depth. The relative vorticity in the LCWCR was shifted below the local Coriolis parameter by about 6%. In a storm-based coordinate system, alongtrack residual velocity profiles from 0 to 4 Rmax were fit to a dynamical model by least squares to isolate the near...
Optimal confinement of collisionless plasmas by localized time-varying electric fields†

The problem of optimal confinement of collisionless plasmas by means of external amplitude-limited time-varying electric fields localized to an outer layer enclosing the confinement region (a specified closed bounded spatial domain) is considered. To confine the plasma, the external electric field (control) establishes a finite potential barrier for the escaping particles. The field direction for confinement depends on the sign of the electrical charge of the escaping particles inside the layer. The paper begins with a formal development of the plasma equations. Then, the existence and uniqueness of solutions of these equations are established. This is followed by the formulation of the optimal confinement problem along with a discussion of the existence of an optimal electric field (control). By introducing additional assumptions to simplify the problem, sub optimal feedback controls are obtained. Finally, the effectiveness of the derived feedback controls is determined numerically using a computer-simul...
Clinical and economic characteristics of emergency department visits due to acetaminophen toxicity in the USA

Objectives To estimate the number of acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity-related emergency department (ED) visits, and to assess their associated clinical and economic burden in the USA from 2006 to 2010. Design Cross-sectional, retrospective, large-scale database study. Setting Non-federal, non-rehabilitation, community EDs in the USA. Participants Inclusion criteria included any listed diagnosis identifying poisoning by aromatic analgesics paracetamol/APAP or associated supplementary code. Generalised linear models were used to investigate the association between outcomes of inpatient admission, mortality, requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation, charges and inpatient lengths of stay based on patient, hospital and clinical characteristics. Results Across the 625.2 million ED visits in the USA from 2006 to 2010, 411 811 APAP-related toxicity ED visits were observed, with 45.5% resulting in inpatient admission, 4.7% requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and 0.6% involving death. Overall, the incidence proportion was 27.10 per 100 000 US population, exceeding 70 per 100 000 at age 2 years and ages 16–18 years. The total national bill was $1.06 billion per year (US$ 2014), and predominantly involved females (65.5%) and intentional self-harm (58.4%), which were notably higher within the 12–20 years age category (female 12–20 years =74.8%, intentional self-harm 12–20 years =71.4%). Behavioural and mental health comorbidities were relatively common and associated with an increased relative risk of admission and likelihood of charges almost entirely across all age categories of ≥12 years within the multivariable analyses. The number of ED visits did not appreciably change over time, decreasing by Conclusions A substantial public health impact of APAP toxicity-related cases was observed in the US from 2006 to 2010, with incidence proportions peaking at age 2 years and ages 16–18 years. After controlling for numerous factors, no consistent change was observed over the 5-year time horizon concerning outcomes of admission, mortality, invasive mechanical ventilation, charges or length of stay.
Older Adults' Current and Potential Uses of Information Technologies in a Changing World: A Theoretical Perspective.

Technologies have become a major force in people’s lives. They change how people interact with the environment, even as the environment changes. We propose that technology use in the setting of changing environments is motivated by essential needs and tensions experienced by the individual. We apply three developmental and behavioral theories (Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, and Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model) to explain technology-related behaviors among older adults. We consider how technology use has addressed and can address major ecological changes, in three areas: health promotion, natural disasters, and disparities. We propose that considering these theories can help researchers and developers ensure that technologies will help promote a healthier world for older adults.
HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF RENAL TRANSPLANTS IN HYPERTENSIVE AND CONTROL RATS.

SummaryTransplantation of a normal kidney to a renal hypertensive rat produced a decrease in mean arterial pressure of 171 to 138 mmHg and a decrease in cardiac output from 258.9 to 167.3 ml/kg/min. There was no significant change in calculated total peripheral resistance or in regional vascular resistance in the perfused hind leg. The decrease in mean arterial pressure is caused by a decrease in cardiac output resulting from a decrease in stroke volume. Kidney transplantation to a normal rat elicits a lesser decrease in mean arterial pressure, which is caused by a decrease in both cardiac output and in total peripheral resistance.
Rheological Properties of Emulsions Immersed in Electric Fields

The results of fully three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of the effects of electric fields on emulsions of drops will be displayed. The examination of the rheological properties of these systems is performed by imposing a simple-shear flow between two plates where the drops are immersed. An electric potential difference is applied perpendicular to the plates. The resulting electric field leads to two effects: a polarization of the drops and a viscous fluid motion on the interface between the drops and the suspending fluid. The direction and intensity of the viscous fluid motion depends on the electrical properties of the fluids. Drops more conductive than the suspending fluid exhibit a viscous fluid motion from the equator to the poles, whereas drops less conductive than the suspending fluid exhibit a viscous fluid motion from the poles to the equator. The numerical simulations show that the response of the emulsions is governed by the competition between the electric attraction and the fluid shear. The former leads to the aggregation of the drops in chains parallel to the electric field, while the latter tries to break-up the aggregated chains. The results are presented as a function of the Mason number and the electric capillary number, Mn and Ce. These non-dimensional numbers quantify the strength of the electric forces versus the fluid shear and the capillary forces, respectively. The significance of the electrical field on the viscosity and the normal stress differences will be discussed: At low Mason numbers, Mn 1.0, the fluid shear breaks up the aggregated structures and the properties are similar to hydrodynamic emulsions. At 0.1<Mn<1.0 the properties of the emulsions exhibit an intermediate behavior.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Plasma-Assisted High Lift Systems

This work explores the control of boundary layer separation that occurs over an airfoil at high angles at attack, causing stall. For this study, a NACA 0008 thin, symmetric, airfoil section has been selected due to its well-documented and easily verified performance characteristics. The airfoil was equipped with a plasma actuator, and force measurements were taken using a sting balance to determine the change in lift force. The airfoil was operated at a free stream speed of 20 m/s for a chord Reynolds number of . The plasma actuator used in this experiment in theory produces a spanwise array of streamwise vortices. It consists of two copper electrodes separated by a dielectric, and was operated at a peak-topeak voltage of 14kV. It was found that while there was no major effect on the stall condition, the actuator has shown that it can increase the lift coefficient by an average of 5%, and up to 10%.
Wright-Giemsa Cytology of Body Fluids: Criteria for Identification of Malignant Cells

Cerebrospinal fluid and other body fluids from patients with known or suspected malignancy often are submitted to the laboratory It is therefore important to assess these samples carefully for the presence of malignant cells. Although Papanicolaou-stained preparations traditionally have been used for this purpose, Wright-Giemsa-stained cytocentrifuge slides are useful adjuncts in body fluid cytology and may improve the detection of leukemia and lymphoma. However, technologists and pathologists who examine Wright-Giemsa-stained cytocentrifuge slides must be familiar with the appearance of benign variants and malignant cells. This article presents criteria that are useful in making this distinction.
The Protective Effects of Adaptability, Study Skills, and Social Skills on Externalizing Student–Teacher Relationships

Although students with externalizing behaviors inherently exhibit behaviors that contribute to poor teacher relationships, little research has examined the positive characteristics these students m...
Hierarchical Model for the Analysis of Scattering Data of Complex Materials

Interpreting the results of scattering data for complex materials with a hierarchical structure in which at least one phase is amorphous presents a significant challenge. Often the interpretation relies on the use of large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, in which a structure is hypothesized and from which a radial distribution function (RDF) can be extracted and directly compared against an experimental RDF. This computationally intensive approach presents a bottleneck in the efficient characterization of the atomic structure of new materials. Here, we propose and demonstrate an approach for a hierarchical decomposition of the RDF in which MD simulations are replaced by a combination of tractable models and theory at the atomic scale and the mesoscale, which when combined yield the RDF. We apply the procedure to a carbon composite, in which graphitic nanocrystallites are distributed in an amorphous domain. We compare the model with the RDF from both MD simulation and neutron scattering data. This procedure is applicable for understanding the fundamental processing-structure-property relationships in complex magnetic materials.
When do ratings implicate perception versus judgment? The “overgeneralization test” for top-down effects

ABSTRACTWhen looking at an object—say, a banana—we can both directly perceive its visual qualities (e.g., its size) and also make higher-level judgments about its visual and non-visual properties (e.g., not only its size, but also its cost). Suppose you obtain a rating of a property such as size. Does that rating implicate seeing or merely higher-level judgment? The answer often matters a great deal -- e.g., determining whether such ratings imply “top-down” effects of cognition on perception. Too often, however, this distinction is ignored in empirical investigations of such effects. Here we suggest a simple test for when such ratings can be used to implicate perception: whenever the very same experiment “overgeneralizes” to an unambiguously non-perceptual factor, the results cannot be used to draw implications about perception, per se. As a case study, we investigate an empirical report alleging that conservatives perceive Barack Obama as darker skinned than liberals do. Two simple experiments show that ...
Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Use and DSM-5 Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Use Disorder in the United States

Objective The authors present 12-month and lifetime prevalence, correlates, psychiatric comorbidity, and treatment of nonmedical prescription opioid use (NMPOU) and DSM-5 NMPOU disorder (NMPOUD). Methods Data were derived from the 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III) (N = 36,309). Results Prevalences of 12-month and lifetime NMPOU were 4.1% and 11.3%, exceeding rates in the 2001-2002 NESARC (1.8%, 4.7%). Twelve-month and lifetime rates of DSM-5 NMPOUD were 0.9% and 2.1%. NESARC-III DSM-IV NMPOUD rates (0.8%, 2.9%) were greater than those observed in the 2001-2002 NESARC (0.4% and 1.4%). Rates of NMPOU were greater among men, but no sex differential was observed for NMPOUD. Prevalences of NMPOU and NMPOUD were generally greater among 18- to 64-year-old individuals, whites, and Native Americans, and individuals with lower socioeconomic status. Associations were observed between 12-month and lifetime NMPOU and NMPOUD and other drug use disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and borderline, schizotypal, and antisocial personality disorders; persistent depression and major depressive disorder (for NMPOU); and bipolar I disorder (for NMPOUD). Only 5.5% and 17.7% of individuals with 12-month NMPOU and NMPOUD were ever treated. Conclusions NMPOU and NMPOUD have considerably increased over the past decade, are associated with a broad array of risk factors and comorbidities, and largely go untreated in the United States. More information on the determinants, characteristics, and outcomes of NMPOU and NMPOUD is needed to support evidence-based interventions and prevention.
CQSTR: Securing Cross-Tenant Applications with Cloud Containers

Cloud providers are in a position to greatly improve the trust clients have in network services: IaaS platforms can isolate services so they cannot leak data, and can help verify that they are securely deployed. We describe a new system called CQSTR that allows clients to verify a service's security properties. CQSTR provides a new cloud container abstraction similar to Linux containers but for VM clusters within IaaS clouds. Cloud containers enforce constraints on what software can run, and control where and how much data can be communicated across service boundaries. With CQSTR, IaaS providers can make assertions about the security properties of a service running in the cloud. We investigate implementations of CQSTR on both Amazon AWS and OpenStack. With AWS, we build on virtual private clouds to limit network access and on authorization mechanisms to limit storage access. However, with AWS certain security properties can be checked only by monitoring audit logs for violations after the fact. We modified OpenStack to implement the full CQSTR model with only modest code changes. We show how to use CQSTR to build more secure deployments of the data analytics frameworks PredictionIO, PacketPig, and SpamAssassin. In experiments on CloudLab we found that the performance impact of CQSTR on applications is near zero.
The Resident-Run Minor Surgery Clinic: A Pilot Study to Safely Increase Operative Autonomy.

Objective General surgery training has evolved to align with changes in work hour restrictions, supervision regulations, and reimbursement practices. This has culminated in a lack of operative autonomy, leaving residents feeling inadequately prepared to perform surgery independently when beginning fellowship or practice. A resident-run minor surgery clinic increases junior resident autonomy, but its effects on patient outcomes have not been formally established. This pilot study evaluated the safety of implementing a resident-run minor surgery clinic within a university-based general surgery training program. Design Single institution case-control pilot study of a resident-run minor surgery clinic from 9/2014 to 6/2015. Rotating third-year residents staffed the clinic once weekly. Residents performed operations independently in their own procedure room. A supervising attending surgeon staffed each case prior to residents performing the procedure and viewed the surgical site before wound closure. Postprocedure patient complications and admissions to the hospital because of a complication were analyzed and compared with an attending control cohort. Setting Massachusetts General Hospital General in Boston, MA; an academic tertiary care general surgery residency program. Participants Ten third-year general surgery residents. Results Overall, 341 patients underwent a total of 399 procedures (110 in the resident clinic vs. 289 in the attending clinic). Minor surgeries included soft tissue mass excision (n = 275), abscess incision and drainage (n = 66), skin lesion excision (n = 37), skin tag removal (n = 15), and lymph node excision (n = 6). There was no significant difference in the overall rate of patients developing a postprocedure complication within 30 days (3.6% resident vs. 2.8% attending; p = 0.65); which persisted on multivariate analysis. Similar findings were observed for the rate of hospital admission resulting from a complication. Resident evaluations overwhelmingly supported the rotation, citing increased operative autonomy as the greatest strength. Conclusions Implementation of a resident-run minor surgery clinic is a safe and effective method to increase trainee operative autonomy. The rotation is well suited for mid-level residents, as it provides an opportunity for realistic self-evaluation and focused learning that may enhance their operative experience during senior level rotations.
Disasters and Social Capital: Exploring the Impact of Hurricane Katrina on Gulf Coast Counties

Objective This article examines the impact of disasters on social capital in the context of Hurricane Katrina. Method One hundred eightyâ€ two counties affected by Hurricane Katrina are included in the study. Disasterâ€ related data, social capital, and community characteristics of these counties three years before and three years after the disaster are analyzed using a longitudinal fixedâ€ effect model. Results Hurricane Katrina slowed down the growth of social capital, but growth gradually recovered following the disaster. After controlling for community characteristics, areas that received more federal government assistance experienced stronger growth in social capital postâ€ Katrina. Additionally, metropolitan areas with a higher percentage of senior population, higher ethnic diversity, more per capita housing units, and lower population density appear to have had higher levels of social capital. Conclusion Disasters could hinder the growth of social capital and federal disaster assistance could potentially alleviate the negative impact.
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) Binder Degradation in Li–O2 Batteries: A Consideration for the Characterization of Lithium Superoxide

We show that a common Li-O2 battery cathode binder, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), degrades in the presence of reduced oxygen species during Li-O2 discharge when adventitious impurities are present. This degradation process forms products that exhibit Raman shifts (∼1133 and 1525 cm-1) nearly identical to those reported to belong to lithium superoxide (LiO2), complicating the identification of LiO2 in Li-O2 batteries. We show that these peaks are not observed when characterizing extracted discharged cathodes that employ poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) as a binder, even when used to bind iridium-decorated reduced graphene oxide (Ir-rGO)-based cathodes similar to those that reportedly stabilize bulk LiO2 formation. We confirm that for all extracted discharged cathodes on which the 1133 and 1525 cm-1 Raman shifts are observed, only a 2.0 e-/O2 process is identified during the discharge, and lithium peroxide (Li2O2) is predominantly formed (along with typical parasitic side product formation). Our results strongly suggest that bulk, stable LiO2 formation via the 1 e-/O2 process is not an active discharge reaction in Li-O2 batteries.
East Asian Trade Cooperation versus US and EU Protectionist Trends and their Association to Chinese Steel Exports

The Asia-Pacific region has recently witnessed unprecedented trade cooperation, prompted especially by China. Successfully negotiated Chinese bilateral and regional Free Trade Agreements are now common, leading to greater rates of economic success for all involved parties, particularly Chinese exporters. FTA’s are not limited to this region, though. The success of the Chinese pursuit of new FTA’s has inspired economic rivals to pursue their own new FTA’s. Many of these are developed countries which have a history of filing anti-dumping grievances with the World Trade Organization, many of which have been directed at China. This has led to heightened international trade tensions between China and non-Chinese FTA partners. For example, the US Trans-Pacific Partnership, a proposed FTA between the US and East Asian countries, intentionally did not include China. Many attribute the exclusion of China to the influence of US labor groups that have spearheaded anti-dumping grievances along with similar groups in other developed countries in an attempt to thwart China’s efforts to increase their exports to these regions.
From Description to Prescription: The exceptive in Arabic grammatical theory

Once the need to learn a language arises, grammatical instructional manuals evolve from descriptive grammars of that language. Language description involves the uncovering of the rules of the language from collected data, and teaching those rules is the reason grammatical manuals exist. The most comprehensive descriptive grammar of Arabic is Sībawayhi’s Kitāb (d. ca.161–94 AH/777–810 A.D.). He includes the rules of Arabic as he deduced them from the language of the Arabs. As time passed and the need to learn Arabic increased, many grammarians started to write grammatical manuals for beginners. Sībawayhi’s monumental work was too speculative and highly theoretical for this task and was never suitable for instruction. The descriptiveness of Sībawayhi’s Kitāb needed to morph into a more approachable grammar. Zaggāgī’s Ğumal (d. ca.337–340/948–951) and Ibn Bābasāḏ’s Muqaddima (d.469/1077) are two instructional manuals that are concise and more suitable for beginners. This study examines how pedagogy in Zaggāgī’s Ğumal and Ibn Bābasāḏ’s Muqaddima evolved from the descriptive rules of Sībawayhi’s Kitāb through a careful analysis of istiṯnā’ “exception” rules presented by each grammarian in this study. Although the rules are essentially the same in all three books, presentation and description or lack thereof are sufficiently different illustrating their distinct objectives.