cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Depressive symptoms moderate the relationship between medication regimen complexity and objectively measured medication adherence in adults with heart failure

Patients with heart failure (HF) take many medications to manage their HF and comorbidities, and 20–50% experience depression. Depressed individuals with more complex medication regimens may be at greater risk for poor adherence. The aim of this study was to assess depressive symptoms as a moderator of the relationship between medication regimen complexity and medication adherence in an observational study of patients with HF. In hierarchical linear regression with the final sample of 299, the interaction of medication regimen complexity and depressive symptoms predicted medication adherence, p < .05. For individuals with higher levels of depressive symptoms [1 standard deviation (SD) above the mean], more regimen complexity was associated with lower adherence. For individuals with low (1 SD below the mean) or average levels of depressive symptoms, regimen complexity was unrelated to medication adherence. Care management strategies, including pillboxes and caregiver involvement, may be valuable in HF patients with depression.
Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation in a 29-Year-Old Man

A 29-year-old man with a recent history of cardiac arrest and placement of an implanted cardiac defibrillator (ICD) presented with palpitations and defibrillation shocks. Five months earlier, he had experienced ventricular fibrillation (VF) while seated at his desk job. After resuscitation, an extensive diagnostic evaluation for the etiology of his arrest was undertaken, including left heart catheterization with coronary angiography, a transthoracic echocardiogram, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. All of these studies were unremarkable, revealing no evidence of ischemic or structural cardiac disease. He was subsequently discharged after placement of a single-lead endocardial ICD. After discharge, the patient remained asymptomatic until this presentation, when he reported palpitations, light-headedness, and multiple device shocks while awake. These symptoms were coincident with the onset of a febrile, upper respiratory tract infection. Vital signs, physical examination, complete blood count, and electrolyte panel were normal. The patient’s 12-lead ECG is shown in Figure 1. What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient, and what is the best course of treatment? Figure 1. ECG obtained on admission. Please turn the page to read the diagnosis. The patient’s telemetry tracing from an in-house syncopal episode demonstrates polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PVT) triggered by premature ventricular depolarizations (PVCs) (Figure 2). The triggering PVCs …
Concurrence of rheumatoid arthritis and calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease: A case collection and review of the literature

Abstract Objective Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD) is arthritis caused by calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystal deposition in joints. It is commonly associated with aging as well as a handful of metabolic syndromes. Recent epidemiologic studies suggest a positive association of CPDD and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Yet how these diseases are related remains unclear. We set out to describe 21 well-characterized patients with both diagnoses. Methods Medical records of patients with both RA and CPDD identified at a single academic practice site were reviewed for age, gender, age of CPDD and RA onset, disease duration, joint involvement, and lab values including rheumatoid factor (RF), cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (CCP), iron studies, and parathyroid hormone and calcium levels. Results The mean age of CPDD onset was 69.5 ± 11.4 years, with a mean RA age onset of 53.9 ± 16 years, demonstrating a mean lag of 13.4 ± 10.9 years between diagnoses. The majority of RA patients were diagnosed with CPDD based on the presence of radiographic chondrocalcinosis (15/21). The most commonly involved joint was the knee, followed by the wrist, hip, and shoulder. Conclusions These data show that the diagnosis of RA often precedes the diagnosis of CPDD. This asynchronous presentation taken together with the classic age of onset for CPDD and typical pattern of joint involvement supports the hypothesis that CPDD develops in RA patients through similar processes as those that cause the idiopathic forms of this disease.
Reign of Appearances : The Misery and Splendor of the Public Sphere

The public sphere, be it the Greek agora or the New York Times op-ed page, is the realm of appearances - not citizenship. Its central event is spectacle - not dialogue. Public dialogue, the mantra of many intellectuals and political commentators, is but a contradiction in terms. Marked by an asymmetry between the few who act and the many who watch, the public sphere can undermine liberal democracy, law, and morality. Inauthenticity, superficiality, and objectification are the very essence of the public sphere. But the public sphere also liberates us from the bondages of private life and fosters an existentially vital aesthetic experience. Reign of Appearances uses a variety of cases to reveal the logic of the public sphere, including homosexuality in Victorian England, the 2008 crash, antisemitism in Europe, confidence in American presidents, communications in social media, special prosecutor investigations, the visibility of African-Americans, violence during the French Revolution, the Islamic veil, and contemporary sexual politics. This unconventional account of the public sphere is critical reading for anyone who wants to understand the effects of visibility in urban life, politics, and the media.
Adolescence, Sociology of

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by F.F. Furstenberg, volume 1, pp. 94–97, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
Effect of acute ethanol intoxication on glucoregulation during prolonged insulin-induced hypoglycemia

This study examined the interaction of acute ethanol administration on glucose homeostasis during insulin-induced hypoglycemia (IIH). Glucose kinetics and net hepatic balances of alanine, glycerol, and lactate were estimated in three groups of dogs: group I underwent 3 h of IIH; group II received a continuous ethanol infusion in addition to IIH; group III received ethanol for 3 h. In group I, IIH resulted in a sustained twofold increase in glucose rate of appearance (Ra) and net hepatic uptake (NHU) of glycerol and lactate but no change in NHU of alanine. In group II, glucose Ra rose transiently, NHU of alanine and glycerol increased two- and fivefold, respectively, whereas NHU of lactate dropped 60%. In group III, no alterations in plasma glucose levels, glucose Ra, and NHU of alanine and glycerol were observed, but NHU of lactate switched to a net output. These results demonstrate that ethanol alone or with IIH exclusively inhibited NHU of lactate, and this was responsible, in a stoichiometric fashion, for the failure of the delayed increase in glucose Ra during IIH.
The Use of Real-Time Holography in Saw Visualization and Surface Defect Detection in Titanium Alloys

Laser-based methods of nondestructive testing using holographic techniques have been used extensively by the NDE community for many years. Techniques such as holographic interferometry [1] and frequency-translated holography [2] have provided measurements of surface displacement, vibration frequency analysis, and surface wave characterization for a variety of materials. The importance of such measurements, and advantages holography has over other NDE techniques include its ability to provide full field, instantaneous, and non-contact measurements of a variety of material parameters with sub-micron spatial resolution capabilities.
Electrorotation — Influence of Pulse Shape and Internal Membrane Systems on Rotation Spectra

The theory of electrorotation was described by FUHR /1985/ and SAUER&SCHLOEGEL /1985/. The electrorotation spectrum e.g. the spin of a biological particle in dependence on the frequency of a rotating electric field reflects the dielectric properties of the membrane as well as those of the internal and external media of the cell /ARNOLD et al. 1986/ /GLASER&FUHR 1986//GLASER&FUHR 1987/.
Co-Evolution of Predators and Prey

Predator–prey co-evolution is the process by which evolution of increased defensive ability in prey causes increased selective pressure for exploitative ability in predators and vice versa. Reciprocity is the defining characteristic of co-evolution, and each trait at the phenotypic interface acts simultaneously as both a selective agent and a target of selection. Predator–prey co-evolution may take on a range of dynamics, including the directional escalation of predator–prey ‘arms races’ and stable Red Queen oscillations. Coevolution occurs at the population level, resulting in mosaics of reciprocal selection across the geographic range of an interaction.
DOCA administration and atrial natriuretic factor in dogs with chronic heart failure

The chronic reserve for the secretion of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) was studied in conscious dogs with an arteriovenous (a-v) fistula, a model of high-output heart failure. After the first 7 days of marked sodium retention after creation of the a-v fistula, the animals regained sodium balance for the subsequent 3 wk. This compensatory natriuresis occurred in the presence of significant increases in right atrial pressure and was associated with marked and sustained elevations in plasma ANF and with the return of plasma renin and aldosterone to base-line values. The cardiac reserve for ANF secretion was further evaluated in these dogs with compensated high-output heart failure during additional progressive elevations in cardiac filling pressures induced by 3 wk of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) administration. During the DOCA regimen, plasma ANF increased an additional twofold from its high base line. Arterial blood pressure increased by 6-12 mmHg, and plasma renin activity was suppressed. However, the animals consistently retained sodium, and the high plasma levels of ANF were unable to counterbalance the sodium-retaining actions of DOCA. After termination of DOCA, the dogs exhibited a marked natriuresis, and all the hemodynamic and hormonal parameters returned to pre-DOCA control levels. This longitudinal study demonstrates that the cardiac reserve for chronic ANF secretion is well maintained in dogs with an a-v fistula during progressive cardiac volume overload. The present results suggest that the ANF endocrine system may represent one chronic compensatory mechanism to achieve sodium balance in heart failure when there is concomitant normalization of the renin-aldosterone system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Becoming a Caregiver - Lessons from My Dad.

Becoming a Caregiver — Lessons from My Dad My father’s diagnosis came just before I graduated from medical school: cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Amyloid had weakened the blood vessels in his brain, ...
Determination of midazolam dose for co-induction with alfaxalone in sedated cats.

Abstract Objective To investigate the median effective dose 50 (ED50) of midazolam required for endotracheal intubation when used for co-induction of anesthesia with a low dose of alfaxalone in sedated cats. Study design Randomized up-and-down study. Animals A group of 14 mixed-breed cats (eight males, six females), aged 5–12 years and weighing 4.4–6.8 kg. Methods The cats were randomly assigned in a sequential allocation numbers from one to 14. Cats were sedated with dexmedetomidine (3 μg kg–1) and methadone (0.3 mg kg–1) intramuscularly. After 15 minutes, the quality of sedation was subjectively evaluated. Anesthesia induction was performed by intravenous (IV) administration of alfaxalone (0.25 mg kg–1) over a 60 second interval, followed by another 60 second interval, and then an IV dose of midazolam was administered over a 5 second interval. The initial midazolam dose was 0.3 mg kg–1; then, the midazolam dose was adjusted by ±0.1 mg kg–1 for each consecutive cat based on successful or unsuccessful endotracheal intubation of the previous animal following an up-and-down method. This sequence was followed until six nonsequential crossovers were observed. Crossover was defined as two opposite outcomes in two sequential animals. Data were analyzed using isotonic regression with bootstrapping for determination of midazolam ED50 and logistic regression for correlations (p Results Overall, six independent crossovers were found, and ED50 of midazolam was 0.08 ± 0.04 mg kg–1. Sedation score and successful tracheal intubation had a strong positive correlation (p = 0.02). Conclusions and clinical relevance This study determined that 0.08 ± 0.04 mg kg–1 of midazolam co-administered with 0.25 mg kg–1 of alfaxalone IV allowed smooth endotracheal intubation in half of the cats sedated with methadone and dexmedetomidine at the doses used in this study.
Optimizing T-705 (favipiravir) treatment of severe influenza B virus infection in the immunocompromised mouse model.

Background Influenza B virus infections remain insufficiently studied and antiviral management in immunocompromised patients is not well defined. The treatment regimens for these high-risk patients, which have elevated risk of severe disease-associated complications, require optimization and can be partly addressed via animal models. Methods We examined the efficacy of monotherapy with the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor T-705 (favipiravir) in protecting genetically modified, permanently immunocompromised BALB scid mice against lethal infection with B/Brisbane/60/2008 (BR/08) virus. Beginning at 24 h post-infection, BALB scid mice received oral T-705 twice daily (10, 50 or 250 mg/kg/day) for 5 or 10 days. Results T-705 had a dose-dependent effect on survival after BR/08 challenge, resulting in 100% protection at the highest dosages. With the 5 day regimens, dosages of 50 or 250 mg/kg/day reduced the peak lung viral titres within the treatment window, but could not efficiently clear the virus after completion of treatment. With the 10 day regimens, dosages of 50 or 250 mg/kg/day significantly suppressed virus replication in the lungs, particularly at 45 days post-infection, limiting viral spread and pulmonary pathology. No T-705 regimen decreased virus growth in the nasal turbinates of mice, which potentially contributed to the viral dynamics in the lungs. The susceptibility of influenza B viruses isolated from T-705-treated mice remained comparable to that of viruses from untreated control animals. Conclusions T-705 treatment is efficacious against lethal challenge with BR/08 virus in immunocompromised mice. The antiviral benefit was greatest when longer T-705 treatment was combined with higher dosages.
A Distributed Adaptive Observer for Leader-Follower Networks

We consider the problem of designing distributed algorithms that enable a group of agents (followers) to track a reference trajectory generated by a leader agent. Such algorithms are an integral part of a variety of distributed estimation and control techniques like the attitude control problem for spacecraft formation flying. Existing methods assume that the leader's reference dynamics are fully known to one or more follower agents, and they typically require significant amounts of inter-agent communication. In this paper, we propose a novel distributed adaptive observer in which no follower agent knows the leader's reference dynamics. In addition, our method does not require as much inter-agent communication as existing methods. We use appropriate Lyapunov functions to prove convergence, and we present numerical examples to demonstrate the efficacy of our approach.
Horus Testbed: Implementation of Real-Time Video Streaming Protocols

The integration of communication, computing, and control in mobile cyberphysical systems leads to many challenges. This is due to the complex interactions between these three subsystems along with the limited resources in mobile cyberphysical devices. In this paper, we design and construct mobile cyberphysical nodes to be integrated with other stationary nodes to form a wireless network. These nodes are autonomous aerial vehicles (AAVs) forming a network with each other and with ground access point nodes that we use as a testbed called Horus. In this testbed, we run our developed rate distortion optimized (RDO) and adaptive wireless video transmission protocols. In our design of these transmission protocol, we take into consideration low computation, power, and bandwidth capabilities of Horus testbed that is a good representation of mobile cyberphysical systems. We provide results of our experiments on Horus testbed. These include both spacial and temporal distortion metrics and comparison between various transmission protocols along with samples of transmitted images and corresponding distorted received images from our recorded videos.
Temperature Decrease along Hyporheic Pathlines in a Large River Riparian Zone.

Hyporheic zones contribute to lower temperatures in many rivers, creating a longitudinal heterogeneous array of thermal refuges. In this study, we had the unique opportunity to show temperature reduction along actual hyporheic zone pathlines in a large river system that contribute to the maintenance of refuges through discharge into off-channel habitats. Temperature was monitored in a dense network of wells that were located along pathlines in small islands, from a calibrated ground-water flow model. Temperature along one 600-m pathline was reduced about 7 °C. Among three islands that were adjacent to the river, the northern two showed exponential decrease in temperature with distance, with fitted thermal Peclet numbers of 2.7 and 6.5, while the southern island showed no significant decrease. We suggest this is due to the higher infiltration rate in the wet season in this larger, more mature island, which suppresses hyporheic flow in the wet season. Stable isotope sampling showed that values of δ2H were higher in areas where we observed lower temperatures. The overall relationship of δ2H versus temperature was significant with a slope of -0.329. This implies that lower temperatures are associated with water that has had contact with deeper groundwater or that lower temperatures have been affected by local rainfall infiltration, or water that has entered the hyporheic zone in winter. These findings are important because they allow estimation of the temperature benefit that may be achieved in similar geomorphic settings, providing implications for riparian restoration.
Pelvic floor disorder symptoms and bone strength in postmenopausal women.

The current study is aimed at characterizing the association between pelvic floor disorder symptoms and bone strength reflecting a potential connective tissue pathophysiology in postmenopausal women. A cross-sectional study was conducted in postmenopausal women undergoing osteoporosis evaluation from 2007 to 2010. Urinary incontinence (UI) was defined as urinary leakage ≥2–3 times/week. UI types were defined using the 3 Incontinence Questionnaire. Fecal incontinence was defined as stool leakage ≥1/month, and pelvic organ prolapse as a positive response to “Do you have a bulge or something falling out that you can see or feel in your vaginal area?” Bone quality and quantity were assessed using the trabecular bone score (TBS) and bone mineral density respectively: bone strength was defined by combined quality/quantity index, low strength being equivalent to moderate to severe fracture risk; low quality as TBS ≤ 1.31; low quantity by T-score <−1 or on osteoporosis medication. Of 681 subjects, 262 had low bone strength whereas 419 were normal using the combined quality/quantity bone assessment. Characteristics were similar except for age (low bone strength: 69.0 ± 8.2 vs normal: 65.0 ± 7.1, p < 0.01) and smoking (8.8% vs 3.3%, p < 0.01). Low bone strength was associated with any UI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.48, 1.05–2.10), stress (aOR: 1.53, 1.06–2.21), and mixed (aOR :1.45, 1.02–2.05). Women with low bone quality had increased odds of UI (any, urgency, mixed), whereas none of the pelvic floor disorder symptoms was associated with low bone quantity. Low bone strength defined by a combined quantity/quality index, as well as low bone quality alone, were associated with increased risk of UI.
(Re)membering blackness, (re)membering home: lessons for teachers from a primary school in Ghana, West Africa

As teachers in the US context, we have spent precious little time considering what it would mean to be prepared and ready for Black children. In such readiness, (re)cognition of the spirit and spir...
Socioeconomic Disparities in the Utilization of Spinal Cord Stimulation Therapy in Patients with Chronic Pain.

OBJECTIVES Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapies are used in the management of patients with complex regional pain syndrome I (CRPS I) and failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the racial and health insurance inequalities with SCS therapy in patients with chronic pain who had CRPS I and FBSS. METHODS Patients with chronic pain who had a discharge diagnosis of FBSS and CRPS I were identified using the National Inpatient Sample database. Our primary outcome was defined as the history of SCS utilization by race/ethnicity, income quartile, and insurance status. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the variables associated with utilization of SCS therapy. RESULTS Between 2011 and 2015, 40,858 patients who were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of FBSS and/or CRPS I were identified. Of these patients, 1,082 (2.7%) had a history of SCS therapy. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that compared to White patients, Black and Hispanic patients had higher odds of having SCS therapy (Black patients: odds ratio [OR] = 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12 to 1.77; P = 0.003; Hispanic patients: OR = 1.41; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.81; P = 0.007). Patients with private insurance had significantly higher odds of having SCS therapy compared with those with Medicare (OR = 1.24; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.43; P = 0.003). Compared to patients with Medicare, Medicaid patients had lower odds of having SCS therapy (OR = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.70; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that socioeconomic disparities may exist in the utilization of SCS among hospitalized patients with CRPS I and FBSS the United States. However, confirming these data from other administrative databases, in the outpatient setting, may shed more insight.
Prospective observational trial of low-dose skin electron beam therapy in mycosis fungoides using a rotational technique.

Introduction Low-dose total skin electron beam therapy provides a durable treatment response for skin lesions caused by cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. We prospectively assessed the durability of response and quality of life for patients receiving low-dose total skin electron beam therapy using a novel rotational technique and dosing regimen. Methods Patients completed baseline Skindex-29 quality-of-life surveys and had baseline Modified Severity-Weighted Assessment Tool score recorded. Patients received 12 Gy in 12 fractions with a dual-field rotational technique. The primary outcome was overall response rate, with the secondary outcomes being time to treatment response, duration of clinical benefit, and quality-of-life change. Results We enrolled 20 patients and recorded an overall response rate of 90%. The median time to treatment response was 6.5 weeks. The baseline Modified Severity-Weighted Assessment Tool score was 55.6 and it declined to a median of 2.2 at last follow-up (P Conclusions This prospective study demonstrated a very high overall response rate and improvement in skin-related quality of life. Low-dose rotational total skin electron beam therapy can be implemented routinely in clinical practice.
The Ideal Insertion Site for the Flexor Digitorum Profundus Tendon in Jersey Finger Repair: A Biomechanical Analysis.

Purpose Most jersey finger repair techniques involve reattaching the tendon to an approximate location corresponding to the tendon’s native attachment. This study aimed to determine the biomechanical effect on the distal interphalangeal joint flexion forces and range of motion when the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon attachment site on the distal phalanx is altered within its broad footprint. Methods We fixed 14 fresh-frozen cadaveric fingers to a wooden block with an attached pulley and weights system. A pressure mapping sensor placed under the fingertip measured the contact force and area in response to FDP tendon loading for the intact tendon and 3 repair sites along the FDP footprint. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance test using mixed-effect model was performed to test the influences of attachment location (intact, proximal, central, and distal) and digit (index, middle, and ring) on the outcomes. Results Mean ± SD contact force under 45 N tendon loading force was 43.5 ± 7.2 N for the intact tendon, 34.6 ± 7.4 N for the proximal insertion, 38.0 ± 7.1 N for the central insertion, and 43.1 ± 6.3 N for the distal insertion. Compared with the intact tendon, the proximal group generated notably less contact force. No significant difference was detected between the intact tendon and the central or distal repairs. Comparisons among the 3 repair groups show that the distal group generated significantly higher force than the proximal group. There was no difference between contact areas across all groups. Conclusions The FDP tendon inserted at the distal edge of its footprint conferred significantly greater distal interphalangeal joint flexion force compared with the proximal insertion site and most closely resembled the intact FDP tendon. Clinical relevance Biomechanically, distal reattachment of the FDP most closely approximates the contact force of the native anatomy and may help guide intraoperative placement of the repair footprint.
Heartbeat: higher risk of COVID-19 infection in younger patients with cardiovascular disease.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major risk factor for adverse outcomes with COVID-19 infection. Concerns raised early in the pandemic that renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade by treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers might increase that risk have not been supported by observational studies and meta-analyses.1 2 As Simon and Danchin3 point out, ‘jumping to therapeutic conclusions on the sole basis of pathophysiological or experimental considerations is hazardous. Nature can be tricky, and pathways that are blocked by a therapeutic intervention are often short-circuited by other, secondary, pathways that will result in the lack of clinical effect of the said therapeutic intervention. Here, in spite of the recognised interference between ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2, and of the possible link between RAS blockers and ACE2 in humans, these medications appeared clinically neutral.’ Age also is a major risk factor for COVID-19 infection, with previous analyses treating age as a potential confounder. While this approach often is appropriate, treating age as a confounder might obscure any differences in risk among younger and older patients with CVD. In order to examine the effect of age on the risk of fatal outcomes with COVID-19 infection in patients with CVD, Bae and colleagues4 performed a meta-analysis of 51 studies including …
Copenhagenize: The Definitive Guide to Global Bicycle Urbanism: by Mikael Colville-Andersen, Washington, DC, Island Press, 2018, 296 pp., $16.49 (paperback), ISBN-13: 978-1-61091-938-8

Mikael Colville-Andersen, the author of Copenhagenize is a renowned journalist and long-time bicycling advocate. Equipped with these unique qualities, he weaves together a fascinating book that arg...
Booster immunization of meningococcal meningitis vaccine among children in Hangzhou, China, 2014-2019.

Background Despite China's Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) provides 2 doses of group A and group C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPV-AC) for children at 3 years and 6 years old, more self-paying group ACYW135 meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines (MPV-ACYW135) have been used as an alternative to MPV-AC to prevent Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C,Y,W135. We provide recommendations for Chinese booster immunization of meningococcal meningitis vaccine by analyzing the service status of MPV-AC and MPV-ACYW135. Methods Reported data of routine immunization coverage from all districts of Hangzhou registered in the China Information Management System For Immunization Programming (CIMSFIP) between 2014 to 2019 were described and evaluated. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to characterize the data. Adverse event following immunization (AEFI) were collected from Chinese national adverse event following immunization information system (CNAEFIIS) to compare the safety of MPV-AC and MPV-ACYW135. Results 1376919 doses of booster immunization of meningococcal meningitis vaccine (MenV) in CIMSFIP were conducted in China Hangzhou from 2014 to 2019, with reported immunization coverage rates above 95%. The proportion of children using MPV-ACYW135 increased from 12.63% in 2014 to 29.45% in 2019. The incidence of AEFI of MPV-AC and MPV-ACYW135 were 49.75 per 100,000 and 45.44 per 100,000, respectively, without statistical difference. Conclusion Children in Hangzhou had high booster immunization of MenV coverage. The use amount and use rate of MPV-ACYW135 increased year by year, indicating more and more parents had chosen MPV-ACYW135 as an alternative to MPV-AC at their own expense for children. The use proportions of MPV-ACYW135 were different in urban, suburban and rural areas. Both MPV-AC and MPV-ACYW135 were safe for children.
Parent Advocacy for Lives That Matter

This article draws parallels between the concept of “Black lives matter” and the efforts of caregivers to advocate for the value of the lives of their children who have disabilities. The authors id...
Alaskan Halibut: A Bycatch Trifecta

The bycatch of fish and other marine wildlife poses a problem of incredulous proportions. According to a 2014 Oceana report “global bycatch may amount to 40 percent of the world's catch, totaling 63 billion pounds per year.” Although there remains a degree of uncertainty regarding global bycatch numbers, current estimates represent waste in the order of eight pounds of fish for every person on earth this year. The United States is not immune to the bycatch scourge. Estimates put U.S. fishing discards at between 17 and 22 percent of total catch. For Pacific halibut in and near Alaska, the numbers are far worse. This articles examines some of the reasons for the dismal state of Alaskan Halibut.
As Though They Were Not Children: DNA Collection from Juveniles

The federal government and every state but Hawaii mandate DNA collection from juveniles as a result of some contact with the criminal justice system. A conviction in criminal court, a delinquency adjudication in juvenile court, and even a mere arrest can trigger compulsory DNA collection. Law enforcement also seeks DNA from juveniles based on their consent. This Article provides a comprehensive accounting of current juvenile DNA collection legislation and case law. It situates DNA collection from juveniles within the law’s long-standing and renewed emphasis on special treatment of children both generally and with particular attention to criminal law and juvenile justice. Bringing to bear Supreme Court jurisprudence, neuroscientific and psychosocial research, juvenile court history, and the critical lens of childhood studies, it argues that compulsory DNA collection from juveniles is not reasonable under the Fourth Amendment and cannot withstand scrutiny. The government interests served by DNA profiling are reduced with respect to juveniles, and the privacy interests are enhanced. Many of its benefits, including deterrence, are lost with regard to juveniles. The Article calls for restrictions on the practice will protect children, and their childhood, while preserving law enforcement’s ability to exploit genetic databasing and aggregate data collection where its rationale justifies its application.
Convergence from Inflation Targeting to Euroisation

This Chapter presents an overview of the fundamental goals and economic effects of divergent strategies applied by the six leading EU candidates, namely Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia and Estonia. The general assumption is that the applicants with well-developed and sufficiently competitive financial markets and institutions are wise to initiate the monetary convergence process with the introduction of direct inflation targeting (DIT). Such policy facilitates successful disinflation and sustainable price stability relative to the eurozone. DIT reinforces commitment to containing inflation in the presence of the ongoing serious challenges to price stability posed by the Harrod-Balassa-Samuelson effect and the resulting large capital inflows. The key argument advanced in this Chapter is that the EU candidates are yet to develop efficient means of managing the inflation risk, the default risk, and the exchange rate risk, as an important prerequisite to securing financial stability. Some benchmarks reflecting their ability to manage these risks are proposed as criteria of their successful convergence that could supplement the standard Maastricht criteria. Once satisfactory price stability and a sufficient 'foundational credibility' of monetary policy are achieved, a gradual convergence of exchange rates and interest rates to the eurozone may begin.
Human Spaceflight Ishm Technology Development

A presentation about past and current technology development for fault management in human spaceflight.
Increased Oxygen Consumption and Basal Metabolism of the Proximal Tubule in Early Diabetes

Increased renal oxygen consumption (QO2) and hypoxia have been observed in early diabetes, but underlying mechanisms are still being investigated. Nearly 80% of QO2 is used for active sodium transp...
PARTICLE VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS NEAR UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS USING AXIALLY SYMMETRIC MAGNETIC GAGES

We used Axially Symmetric Magnetic Gages to measure in situ particle velocities at three locations near an underground nuclear explosion. The data show a nearly “classic” shockwave at shock stresses less than 15kb. There is evidence that a shock precursor was also present at the three gage locations. We discuss how the gage operates, how the measurements were made, and the implications that accurate in situ particle velocity measurements may have on nuclear testing treaties.
On a Possible Resolution of the Nitrogen Nonelastic Neutron Cross-Section Discrepancy Below 9 MeV

New measurements of differential elastic scatter-ing cross sections of neutrons from nitrogen at six energies between 6.0 and 8.5 MeV yield nonelastic cross sections which are in essential agreemen...
Analytical thermal model validation for Cassini radioisotope thermoelectric generator

The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft is designed to rely, without precedent, on the waste heat from its three radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) to warm the propulsion module subsystem, and the RTG end dome temperature is a key determining factor of the amount of waste heat delivered. A previously validated SINDA thermal model of the RTG was the sole guide to understanding its complex thermal behavior, but displayed large discrepancies against some initial thermal development test data. A careful revalidation effort led to significant modifications and adjustments of the model, which result in a doubling of the radiative heat transfer from the heat source support assemblies to the end domes and bring up the end dome and flange temperature predictions to within 2/spl deg/C of the pertinent test data. The increased inboard end dome temperature has a considerable impact on thermal control of the spacecraft central body. The validation process offers an example of physically-driven analytical model calibration with test data from not only an electrical simulator but also a nuclear-fueled flight unit, and has established the end dome temperatures of a flight RTG where no in-flight or ground-test data existed before.
More Than Skin Deep

Electrons normally stay close to surfaces of metals and have a lot to do with what kinds of chemistry can take place on surfaces. In his Perspective, Plummer discusses results published in the same issue by HA¶fer et al. in which the technique of coherent laser excitation was used to put surface electrons into high-lying "Rydberg" states. The behavior of the excited electrons was then mapped out with angle-resolved photoemission. Knowledge of the time evolution of surface states may help with detailed studies of surface dynamics and chemical reactions.
GP-GPIS-OPT: Grasp planning with shape uncertainty using Gaussian process implicit surfaces and Sequential Convex Programming

Computing grasps for an object is challenging when the object geometry is not known precisely. In this paper, we explore the use of Gaussian process implicit surfaces (GPISs) to represent shape uncertainty from RGBD point cloud observations of objects. We study the use of GPIS representations to select grasps on previously unknown objects, measuring grasp quality by the probability of force closure. Our main contribution is GP-GPIS-OPT, an algorithm for computing grasps for parallel-jaw grippers on 2D GPIS object representations. Specifically, our method optimizes an approximation to the probability of force closure subject to antipodal constraints on the parallel jaws using Sequential Convex Programming (SCP). We also introduce GPIS-Blur, a method for visualizing 2D GPIS models based on blending shape samples from a GPIS. We test the algorithm on a set of 8 planar objects with transparency, translucency, and specularity. Our experiments suggest that GP-GPIS-OPT computes grasps with higher probability of force closure than a planner that does not consider shape uncertainty on our test objects and may converge to a grasp plan up to 5.7×faster than using Monte-Carlo integration, a common method for grasp planning under shape uncertainty. Furthermore, initial experiments on the Willow Garage PR2 robot suggest that grasps selected with GP-GPIS-OPT are up to 90% more successful than those planned assuming a deterministic shape. Our dataset, code, and videos of our experiments are available at http://rll.berkeley.edu/icra2015grasping/.
The Role of MADS-Box Genes in the Control of Flower and Fruit Development in Arabidopsis

Arabidopsis flowers and fruit are typical of the more than three thousand species of Brassicaceae and have been the subject of intensive genetic and molecular studies. Among the many genes that have been identified that control various aspects of flower and fruit development, the MADS-box family has been shown to play central roles. MADS-box genes encode putative transcriptional regulators that play regulatory roles not only in diverse plant species, but also in fungal and animal development. The first Arabidopsis MADS-box gene to be cloned was AGAMOUS in 1990, and in the ensuing years, dozens of related genes have been cloned and functionally characterized (Yanofsky et al., 1990; Riechmann and Meyerowitz, 1997; Theissen, 2000). Three general lessons have been learned from these functional studies. The first, is that MADS-box genes play diverse roles in plant development, ranging from the control of flowering time, meristem identity, organ identity, fruit development, and they also appear to play roles during embryo, ovule, seed, root, stem and leaf development. A second lesson that we have learned is that MADS-box genes frequently play multiple roles during development. For example, the FRUITFULL gene is involved in leaf development as well as in fruit development. A third lesson is that functional redundancy is prevalent among MADS-box genes. In some cases, single mutants are indistinguishable from the wild type, whereas double mutants carrying mutations in two closely related MADS-box genes display striking phenotypic abnormalities. In this manuscript, we will focus on recent examples from our laboratory that highlight these three basic conclusions of MADS-box gene function.
Fractography of High Boron Ceramics Subjected to Ballistic Loading

Fractographic studies of B4C and AlB12 ceramics subjected to ballistic impact are presented. Results suggest that macroscopic textures of fracture-exposed surfaces are indicative of stress states occurring during the fracture event, whereas microscopic topography is strongly influenced as well by microstructural features. Variation observed as a function of distance from the impact axis allows some differentiation between the strain rate sensitivity of the fracture processes of the two materials.
FELINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS : PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT

(1992). Feline Leukemia Virus: Pathophysiology, Prevention, and Treatment. Cancer Investigation: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 173-181.
Silicon and hybrid Si-SiC tandem inverter analytical loss characterization and comparison to PWM-modulated voltage source inverter

A hybrid silicon (Si)-current source inverter (CSI)/silicon carbide (SiC)-voltage source inverter (VSI) tandem inverter is an appealing combination, synergistically combining relatively low-cost, mature, high current rating Si power switches with the low switching loss, but relatively expensive and current rating limited wide bandgap power (WBG) switches, especially high voltage rated SiC. The tandem inverter structure can be related by analogy to a loudspeaker with a woofer and tweeter, where the woofer (CSI) deals with high-amplitude low frequency output and the tweeter with the low-amplitude high frequency content. Four inverter configurations are investigated: standalone full rated Si-VSI, standalone full rated SiC-VSI, Si-CSI/Si-VSI tandem inverter, and hybrid Si-CSI/SiC-VSI tandem inverter, using analytical loss models and evaluated using commercial power device data. To validate the analytical models, a detailed loss model, implemented in a time-stepping circuit simulation has been employed. The use of selective harmonic elimination optimized pulse patterns in the CSI was also investigated to attempt to reduce the current rating of the VSI in the tandem inverters. Results show that the hybrid Si-CSI/SiC-VSI tandem inverter allows for significantly lower losses for the same load current THD at moderate to high switching frequencies, compared to the standalone Si-VSI. The hybrid Si-CSI/SiC VSI tandem inverter switching frequency range is also extended by at least one order of magnitude compared to Si inverter configurations (potentially allowing for very high output fundamental frequencies) and even beyond the standalone SiC-VSI while using a fraction of the SiC chip area of the standalone SiC-VSI.
Summer thermal structure and anticyclonic circulation of Lake Erie

[1] In most thermally stratified lakes, the summer thermocline has the shape of a “dome”, with a shallower depth offshore than nearshore. This configuration is accompanied by a lake-wide cyclonic circulation. Lake-wide observations of subsurface temperature in central Lake Erie revealed an atypical “depressed” or “bowl-shaped” thermocline in late summer, with a deeper thermocline in the middle of the lake and a shallower thermocline nearshore. Currents measured in the central basin when the bowl-shaped thermocline was observed were anticyclonic, forming a single basin-wide gyre. It is suggested that the unusual bowl-shaped thermocline is the result of Ekman pumping driven by anticyclonic vorticity in surface winds. The bowl-shaped thermocline can lead to greater hypoxia in bottom waters and negative effects on biota by reducing the hypolimnetic volume.
Stochastic mixed multiscale finite element methods and their applications in random porous media

We present a framework for stochastic mixed multiscale finite element methods (mixed MsFEMs) for elliptic equations with heterogeneous random coefficients. The use of some global information is necessary in multiscale simulations when there is no scale separation for the heterogeneity. The methods in the proposed framework for the stochastic mixed MsFEMs use some global information. The media properties in a stochastic environment drastically vary among realizations and, thus, many global fields are needed for multiscale simulation. The computations of these global fields on a fine grid can be very expensive. One can utilize upscaling methods to compute the global information on an intermediate coarse grid that reduces the computational cost. We investigate two approaches of stochastic mixed MsFEMs in the framework. First approach entails no stochastic interpolation and the second approach uses stochastic interpolation. If the random media have deterministic features that play significant roles in the flow, we can use the deterministic features of the random media as the global information. This reduces the computational cost of the simulations. We make convergence analysis of the stochastic mixed MsFEMs and investigate their applications to incompressible two-phase flows in random porous media. The numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods and confirm the convergence.
Photoresist modulation curves

Photoresist modulation curves are introduced as a quantitative way to characterize the photoresist process performance when used as a detector in a microlithographic system. The new method allows predicting exposure latitude of the photoresist process across a wide range of resolutions and modulation levels of the aerial image. The data collection process is demonstrated using an immersion interference system, capable of variable resolution and full control over the modulation of the delivered aerial image.
Patterns of sugar feeding in diapausing and nondiapausing Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) females.

In the laboratory, diapausing Culex pipiens L. females fed on a continuously available sugar source more frequently and longer after adult emergence than did nondiapausing females. They also showed an extended nocturnal pattern of sugar feeding compared with that of nondiapausing females. Differences between diapausing and nondiapausing females with respect to sugar feeding and host-seeking behavior also were related to responses to volatiles from fruit and vertebrate hosts. In this Colorado strain of Cx. pipiens, increased sugar feeding by diapausing females during the first few weeks of adult life may be an adaptation that enhances overwintering survival.
Fate of cyanide and related compounds in aerobic microbial systems-I. Chemical reaction with substrate and physical removal

Abstract The chemical reaction of cyanide with substrate was investigated in sealed glass ampoules using glucose as substrate and inorganic buffers. The reaction was found to be pseudo-first order and pH dependent, with an optimum pH near 11.0. The cyanide-glucose reaction products were found to be biodegradable by both acclimated and unacclimated heterogeneous cultures in shake flask and BOD bottle systems. Adsorption onto microbial solids was investigated using sealed, stirred glass reactors containing bacteria and potassium cyanide in water buffered at pH 7.0 with inorganic buffers. Very little adsorption occurred on a starved non-flocculating pure culture of Bacillus megaterium , although up to 15% adsorption occurred in systems containing a stirred flocculent heterogeneous culture. Stripping was investigated from a starved heterogeneous culture in an aerated microfermenter at neutral pH. Hydrogen cyanide and carbon dioxide in the off-gas were trapped in sodium hydroxide solution, separated and analyzed. Stripping removed up to 80% of original cyanide, and tests using K 14 CN revealed that a small amount of cyanide had been metabolized.
A class of Neutral Functional Differential Equations

Formulation and study of the initial value problem for neutral functional differential equations. The existence, uniqueness, and continuation of solutions to this problem are investigated, and an analysis is made of the dependence of the solutions on the initial conditions and parameters, resulting in the derivation of a continuous dependence theorem in which the fundamental mathematical principles underlying the continuous dependence problem for a very general system of nonlinear neutral functional differential equations are separated out.