cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Creep Life Prediction of Ceramic Components Subjected to Transient Tensile and Compressive Stress States

The desirable properties of ceramics at high temperatures have generated interest in their use for structural applications such as in advanced turbine systems. Some of these ceramic components, such as vanes and rotors, are subjected to concurrent tensile and compressive stress fields. Design lives for such systems can exceed 10,000 hours. Such long life requirements necessitate subjecting the components to relatively low stresses. The combination of high temperatures and low stresses typically places failure for monolithic ceramics in the creep regime. The objective of this paper is to present a design methodology for predicting the lifetimes of structural components subjected to concurrent transient tensile and compressive creep stress states. In this methodology, failure generally starts at or near the most highly stressed point and subsequently propagates across the section. The creep rupture life is divided into two stages. The first is called the stage of latent failure. During this stage the damage accumulates until it becomes critical at some point within the component, and failure begins. Damage due to compressive stresses is assumed to be negligible. Subsequently, the second stage, named the propagation of failure, takes place. Component failure occurs at the end of this stage when the total carrying capacity of the structure is expended. This methodology utilizes commercially available finite element packages and takes into account the time varying creep stress distributions (stress relaxation). The creep life of a component is divided into short time steps, during which, the stress distribution is assumed constant. The damage is calculated for each time step based on a modified Monkmon-Grant creep rupture criterion. Failure is assumed to commence when the normalized accumulated damage at a point in the body is equal or greater than unity. For tensile/compressive stress states, rupture is assumed to take place when the damage zone is large enough so that the component is no longer able to sustain load. The corresponding time will be the creep rupture life for that component. Flexural and C-ring data of siliconized silicon carbide KX01 material are used to test the viability of this methodology. The NASA integrated design code CARES/Creep (Ceramics Analysis and Reliability Evaluation of Structures/Creep) which utilizes this damage accumulation model was used for this purpose. It was found that the methodology described in this paper yielded reasonable creep rupture life predictions given the amount of scatter in the data.© 1997 ASME
Increasing Runway Capacity for Continuous Descent Approaches Through Airborne Precision Spacing

NASA Langley Research Center has been developing an operational concept called Airborne Precision Spacing (APS), which combines new avionics and procedures to increase runway arrival capacity through precise inter-aircraft spacing at the runway threshold. However, with increases in traffic volume, noise restrictions threaten to limit operations. Continuous Descent Approaches (CDAs) are efficient arrival routes designed to minimize ground noise, but these routes are not currently operational in a high-density environment. This research evaluates applying the APS precision spacing tool to CDA arrival routes in three test conditions. These test conditions were developed to evaluate the system performance and operational efficiency of the combined concepts. Simulation results indicate that the APS tool is able to minimize inter-aircraft spacing errors at the threshold in the presence ofvarying initial spacing errors.
Impact of Robotic Fellowship Experience on Perioperative Outcomes of Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy

Background: We analyzed differences in patient selection and perioperative outcomes between robotic-fellowship trained and non-fellowship trained surgeons in their initial experience with robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Methods: Data through surgeon case 10 was analyzed. Forty patients were identified from two fellowship trained surgeons (n = 20) and two non-fellowship trained surgeons (n = 20). Results: Fellowship trained surgeons performed surgery on masses of higher nephrometry score (8.0 vs. 6.0, p = 0.007) and more posterior location (60 vs. 25%, p = 0.03). Retroperitoneal approach was more common (50 vs. 0%, p = 0.0003). Fellowship trained surgeons trended toward shorter warm ischemia time (25.5 vs. 31.0 min, p = 0.08). There was no significant difference in perioperative complications (35 vs. 35%, p = 0.45) or final positive margin rates (0 vs. 15%, p = 0.23). Conclusion: Fellowship experience may allow for treating more challenging and posterior tumors in initial practice and significantly more comfort performing retroperitoneal robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.
Adapting generation to addressees: what drives audience design?

Utterances are enormously variable in the forms they take. Although variability is often treated as noise to be normalized or filtered out, some who study spoken dialog, probably some in this community, suspect that this variability is meaningful. In this talk I will present experimental data about partner-specific variability, or audience design. No one disputes that audience design exists, but there is debate about how and why it emerges and whether it matters. After discussing some systematic ways in which speakers adapt their utterances to addressees, I will consider: What drives this adaptation? How does it affect processing by addressees? And what are the implications for natural language generation?
Synthesis load model with ideal transformer

The SLM(Synthesis Load Model) is being promoted,which represents the distribution network and the reactive power compensation more accurately.However,it does not consider the role of transformer in distribution network,which may lead to much lower low-voltage bus voltage in some cases,resulting in improper system calculation.A SLM-T(Synthesis Load Model with Transformer) is proposed by adding an ideal transformer to the SLM,which cooperates with the reactive compensator to stabilize low-voltage bus voltage.Its parameter identification method is developed and the corresponding steps are presented.The effects of SLM,SLM-T with inconstant transformation ratio and SLM-T with fixed transformation ratio are analyzed by case simulation for different distribution network reactances.SLM-T with inconstant transformation ratio is recommended.
Effects of burning rate on interior ballistic prediction of SRM during radial decompression

The transient parameters of a solid rocket motor during radial decompression were determined by identification techniques,and the formula for transient burning rate and discharge coefficient of decompression pore were obtained.Also,the radial decompression process of another SRM was predicted by means of the 0-D interior ballistic model and identification parameters,and the results were consistent with the measured data.This method is proved to be correct and applicable.On the basis of the results,the effects of burning rate on the interior ballistic properties were analyzed.The results show that the transient burning rate can reflect actual working process of the motor during radial decompression.
Peritoneal Dialysis in the Newborn

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) has long been considered an effective treatment modality for neonates with severe acute kidney injury (AKI) and is the modality of choice when treating neonates with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) needing chronic renal replacement therapy. Its popularity and success largely derive from its simplicity and effectiveness as a means of removing solute and fluid in even the smallest patients. In its most basic terms, the removal of plasma solutes (solute clearance) is achieved by diffusion of the solute down a concentration gradient between dialysate and blood and across the semipermeable peritoneal membrane. Fluid removal (ultrafiltration) is achieved by the osmolarity of the dialysate creating an osmotic gradient along which fluid moves across the membrane and is drained from the patient. Access for PD can be achieved easily and even emergently in the unstable patient with AKI at the bedside, and the continuous and gradual provision of both solute clearance and ultrafiltration aims to mimic the function of the native kidney.
Gender framing in political advertising during the 2014 United States senate election in North Carolina, Louisiana, Iowa and Kentucky

There is an increasing tendency for political candidates to frame their campaign advertising more negatively when mentioning their opponents rather than talk positively about themselves. However, some gender differences are likely to influence the amount of negative content in one’s advertising. In addition, gender stereotypes are considered as a disadvantage factor for women in campaigns, while some scholars suggest that stereotypes might help to build the reputation of women. As a result, this study examined the 2014 election for U.S. senate in North Carolina, Iowa, Kentucky and Louisiana because these four states were rated as top four states in terms of spending on negative political ads that included a woman and a man candidate (Chris, 2014). Content analysis is used to examine differences in stimuli used in the negative political ads in the 2014 midterm race for U.S. senate. This comparative analysis reveals more similarities than differences between the two gender groups in terms of framing, and male candidate ads (and especially ads sponsored by Super PACs for male candidates) were found to be more negative than female candidate ads.
Transfection of Human Platelets Down-Regulates Endogenous mRNA.

Abstract 4026 Poster Board III-962 Platelets are anucleate and, as such, lack the capacity for transcribing and expressing exogenously introduced genes or cDNAs. However, platelets contain megakaryocyte-transcribed mRNAs and respond to physiological stimuli by translating mRNA into protein. Compared to the megakaryocyte, the relative contribution of platelet translation to the platelet proteome is unknown. However, it is noteworthy that platelets in Blood Bank storage conditions increase their levels of integrin β3 over time and that the half-life of some mRNA is longer in platelets than in nucleated cells (Thon et al, Transfusion 2009). Considering the potential clinical and research utility of manipulating platelet gene expression, we tested the feasibility of transfecting platelets in-vitro with a fluorescently (FAM)-labeled siRNA for GAPDH as assessed by flow cytometry. We tested both electroporation and Lipofectamine with both washed platelets and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) using a variety of conditions. Our studies demonstrated optimal transfection efficiency at 24 hours using 2 × 108/mL washed platelets, 6 μL Lipofectamine and 400 pmoles siRNA. These initial studies demonstrated that 8.4% of platelets were transfected with the FAM-labeled siRNA compared to control platelets without Lipofectamine. Transfected platelets were then isolated by cell sorting. Changes in GAPDH mRNA levels were determined by TaqMan gene expression assays using18S RNA as an endogenous control. Two independent experiments demonstrated a 40% reduction in GAPDH mRNA in platelets transfected with GAPDH siRNA as compared to a FAM-labeled scrambled siRNA. These results offer proof-of-concept that nucleic acids can be introduced into platelets by non-viral methods and that these nucleic acids can modify gene expression. Future studies to increase platelet transfection efficiency may be valuable for manipulating platelet qualities in stored platelet products or to use platelets as vehicles for delivering products to the sites of vascular damage. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Professional Identity Formation and Transformation across the Life Span

Examining the foundational elements of professional identity formation and its relation to unmet health needs in society is at a critical juncture. Professions today are under assault from multiple sources that weaken or undermine the individual’s or the collective profession’s commitment to the profession’s public purposes. This chapter draws together evidence from multiple sources that support constructivists’ theoretical understanding of a developmental continuum of identity that proceeds from self-interest and concreteness of thought to more other-oriented and abstract ways of making sense of the self (Kegan, 1982, The evolving self. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Blasi, 1984, in W. M. Kurtines & J. L. Gewirtz (Eds.), Morality, moral behavior, and moral development (pp. 129–139). New York: Wiley). At more advanced levels of professional identity formation, the exemplary professional’s personal and moral values are fully integrated and consistent across context and situation. They are able to articulate the public duties of the profession, integrate them with personal value frameworks, and regularly and consistently engage in socially responsible actions. The identity of such exemplary professionals is contrasted with the identities of entering students, entering professionals, and professionals who have been disciplined by a licensing board. Methods are suggested for supporting learning and improving commitment to professional values.
Q-Morpheme Hypothesis, Performative Analysis and An Alternative

Linguists have proposed two types of analyses in dealing with questions. One is in terms of Q-morpheme, the other is performative analysis. The Q-morpheme has its roots in the use of operators in logic. Performative analysis, which stems from another trend in the philosophy of ordinary language, has borrowed its basic concept of the performative verb from Austin (Austin 1962). According to performative analysis direct questions are dominated by a sentence containing an abstract verb, whose features resemble the verb ask.
Long non-coding RNA profile in mantle cell lymphoma identifies a functional lncRNA ROR1-AS1 associated with EZH2/PRC2 complex

// Guangzhen Hu 1 , Shiv K. Gupta 2 , Tammy P. Troska 1 , Asha Nair 3 and Mamta Gupta 4 1 Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA 3 Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA 4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, GW Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA Correspondence to: Mamta Gupta, email: // Keywords : lncRNA ROR1-AS1, MCL, PRC2, EZH2 Received : May 05, 2017 Accepted : May 07, 2017 Published : May 17, 2017 Abstract Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma characterized by rapid disease progression. The needs for new therapeutic strategies for MCL patients call for further understanding on the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of MCL. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recognized as key regulators of gene expression and disease development, however, the role of lncRNAs in non-Hodgkin lymphoma and specifically in MCL is still unknown. Next generation RNA-sequencing was carried out on MCL patient samples along with normal controls and data was analyzed. As a result, several novel lncRNAs were found significantly overexpressed in the MCL samples with lncRNA ROR1-AS1 the most significant one. We cloned the ROR1-AS1 lncRNA in expression vector and ectopically transfected in MCL cell lines. Results showed that overexpression of ROR1-AS1 lncRNA promoted growth of MCL cells while decreased sensitivity to the treatment with drugs ibrutinib and dexamethasone. ROR-AS1 overexpression also decreased the mRNA expression of P16 ( P = 0.21), and SOX11 ( p = 0.017), without much effect on P53, ATM and P14 mRNA. RNA-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated high affinity binding of lncRNA ROR1-AS1 with EZH2 and SUZ12 proteins of the polycomb repressive complex-2 (PRC2). Suppressing EZH2 activity with pharmacological inhibitor GSK343 abolished binding of ROR1-AS1 with EZH2. Taken together, this study identified a functional lncRNA ROR-AS1 involved with regulation of gene transcription via associating with PRC2 complex, and may serve as a novel biomarker in MCL patients.
The Comprehensive Complication Index: a New Measure of the Burden of Complications After Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy

Cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) are complex surgeries with multiple comorbidities. The Clavien–Dindo classification (CDC) is the most commonly used method to report surgical morbidity, but limits it to the highest-grade complication. The Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) is a score ranging from 0 to 100, calculated using all 30-day complications and their treatment after abdominal surgery. The aim of this study is to assess the CCI’s validity in the HIPEC patient population. A review of our institutional cytoreduction database from 2009 to 2015 was undertaken. Patient demographics, pathology, Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Index (PCI), complications and their treatments, and length of stay (LOS) were reviewed. The CCI was calculated for each patient. Linear regression was used to assess whether the CCI and CDC were predictors of LOS. Of 157 patients reviewed, 110 (70.1%) underwent HIPEC. The majority were female (77, 66.9%), and the mean age was 53.7 years. Mean PCI was 13.2 [interquartile range (IQR) 7–18]. Median CDC was grade 2 (IQR 0–2), and only 9.8% had CDC of grade 4 or higher. Mean CCI was 21.4, while the median was 20.9 (IQR 0–30.8). Mean LOS was 16.2 days, while the median was 11 days (IQR 8–15 days). The CCI strongly correlated with LOS with coefficient of 0.46 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38–0.54, p = 0.000]. The CCI is an adequate tool to capture all complications and their overall burden in patients having undergone HIPEC. This study shows that the CCI can predict LOS and could be used to quantify and compare the burden of multiple complications.
Moving Toward a Framework for Karst Land Use Regulations

This chapter draws upon the conclusions and data generated in the previous five chapters to begin the construction of a framework of karst land use regulation. The framework is loosely based in perspective of system theory, in that the issues discussed and explored throughout the rest of the book all stem from the interaction of karst systems with human systems, like cities and economies. Relative influences of various factors on the entire regulatory process are examined; through that, the beginnings of a framework are generated. Factors that receive particular emphasis include enforcement authority, attitudes of planners toward karst regulations, regulatory actions taken by neighboring jurisdictions, and technical expertise. The framework itself accounts for inputs into the regulatory process, the effectiveness and restrictiveness of various forms of regulation, and what the outcomes of these regulations are likely to be. However, due to the highly complex nature of the political systems discussed in this book, a quantitative model is elusive. Instead, this framework is highly qualitative.
Arthurian Place Names of Wales

After the first of several graduate seminars I conducted on the Arthurian legend, I spent a sabbatical semester in Britain. Among other things, I located places associated with King Arthur, mostly ...
A method for quantifying in plane permeability of porous thin films

The in-plane permeability of porous thin films is an important fluid mechanical property that determines wicking and pressure-driven flow behavior in such materials. This property has so far been challenging to measure directly due to the small sidewall cross-sectional area of thin films available for flow. In this work, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel technique for directly measuring in-plane permeability of porous thin films of arbitrary thicknesses, in situ, using a manifold pressed to the top surface of the film. We both measure and simulate the influence of the two dimensional flow field produced in a film by the manifold and extract the permeability from measurements of pressure drop at fixed flow rates. Permeability values measured using the technique for a periodic array of channels are comparable to theoretical predictions. We also determine in-plane permeability of arrays of pillars and electrodeposited porous copper films. This technique is a robust tool to characterize permeability of thin films of arbitrary thicknesses on a variety of substrates. In Supplementary material, we provide a solid model, which is useful in three-dimensional printer reproductions of our device.
Understanding the relationship between alcohol outlet density and life expectancy in Baltimore City: The role of community violence and community disadvantage.

This research investigated the relationship between alcohol outlet density (AOD) and life expectancy, as mediated by community violence and community disadvantage. We used linear regression models to assess bivariate and multivariate relationships. There was a negative bivariate association between liquor store density and average life expectancy (β = -7.3370, p < 0.001). This relationship was partially attenuated when controlling for community disadvantage and fully attenuated when controlling for community violence. Bars/taverns (i.e., on-premise) were not associated with average life expectancy (β = -0.589, p = 0.220). Liquor store density is associated with higher levels of community disadvantage and higher rates of violence, both of which are associated with lower life expectancies. Future research, potential intervention, and current related policies are discussed.
A Multi-scale Formulation for Smart Composites with Field Coupling Effects

This study presents a two-scale homogenization scheme for determining effective thermal, mechanical, electrical, and piezoelectric properties of smart laminated composites. The studied smart composite is composed of a unidirectional fiber reinforced laminated system as a host structure and an active unidirectional fiber reinforced piezocomposite. The effective response of the composites, in a representative unit-cell model, is formulated based on a volume average of the field quantities of the constituents. Each unit-cell is divided into a number of subcells. A unit-cell model, consisting of four fiber and matrix subcells, is generated to homogenize mechanical and non-mechanical responses of a lamina. Material parameters in the constitutive models of the constituents, i.e., fiber and matrix, are allowed to vary with temperature and time. The macro-scale consists of a sublaminate model that homogenizes responses of representative layers in the laminated systems. Perfect bonds are assumed at the fiber–matrix interphases and at the interphases between laminae. The effective properties obtained from the present micromechanical model are comparable to the ones generated using an asymptotic homogenization scheme. Available experimental data in the literature are used to verify the multi-scale model formulation. The effects of temperature dependent material constants on the overall coupled electro-mechanical properties of composites during transient heat conduction are also examined.
Qualitative Analysis of College Students' Ideas about the Earth: Interviews and Open-Ended Questionnaires

Student conceptual understanding and conceptual change is an active area of research in many science disciplines. In the geosciences, alternative conceptions held by students, particularly college ...
Undernutrition, obesity and governance: a unified framework for upholding the right to food.

This paper addresses the need for conceptual and analytic clarity on nutrition governance, an essential underpinning of more effective approaches for undernutrition, the ‘single greatest constraint to global development9 and obesity, which already accounts for 4% of the world’s disease burden and is growing rapidly. The governance of nutrition, which is essential to designing and implementing policies to realise the right to food, is among the most important and most defining duties of society. But research and action on nutrition governance are hampered by the absence of conceptual rigour, even as the continuing very high burden of undernutrition and the rapid rise in obesity highlight the need for such structures. The breadth of nutrition itself suggests that governance is both needed and sure to be complicated. This analysis explores the reasons attention has come to governance in development policy making, and why it has focused on nutrition governance in particular. It then assesses how the concept of nutrition governance has been used, finding that it has become increasingly prominent in scholarship on poor nutritional outcomes, but remains weakly specified and is invoked by different authors to mean different things. Undernutrition analysts have stressed coordination problems and structural issues related to the general functioning of government. Those studying obesity have emphasised international trade policies, regulatory issues and corporate behaviour. This paper argues that the lack of a clear, operational definition of governance is a serious obstacle to conceptualising and solving major problems in nutrition. To address this need, it develops a unified definition of nutrition governance consisting of three principles: accountability, participation and responsiveness. These are justified with reference to the social contract that defines modern nations and identifies citizens as the ultimate source of national power and legitimacy. A unified framework is then employed to explore solutions to nutrition governance problems.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN FOOD USES FOR ANTIBIOTICS1

The characteristics of antibiotic action and several practical applications of antibiotics in the preservation of foods are discussed. The present status of government regulatory measures and prospects for future developments complete the paper.
Interaction of Apolipoprotein E ε 4 With Other Genetic and Non-Genetic Risk Factors in Late Onset Alzheimer Disease: Problems Facing the Investigator

The Apolipoprotein E4 allele (Apo-e4) is the major susceptibility gene for late onset Alzheimer Disease (AD) but epidemiological data suggest that the effect of this allele is modified in different individuals by genetic or environmental factors. Age and head injury are major non-genetic factors modifying the Apo-e4 risk. There is conflicting data as to whether alleles of other chaperon proteins (such as alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT)) or Apo-e4 receptors (such as the VDRL receptor) modify the Apo-e4 risk for AD. We analyze problems posed by genetic association studies including those of multiple comparisons and selection of controls, the latter problem exacerbated by the wide variations in Apolipoprotein E allele frequencies observed in different groups and localities.
Withdrawing the BGP Re-Routing Curtain: Understanding the Security Impact of BGP Poisoning via Real-World Measurements

The security of the Internet's routing infrastructure has underpinned much of the past two decades of distributed systems security research. However, the converse is increasingly true. Routing and path decisions are now important for the security properties of systems built on top of the Internet. In particular, BGP poisoning leverages the de facto routing protocol between Autonomous Systems (ASes) to maneuver the return paths of upstream networks onto previously unusable, new paths. These new paths can be used to avoid congestion, censors, geo-political boundaries, or any feature of the topology which can be expressed at an AS-level. Given the increase in BGP poisoning usage as a security primitive, we set out to evaluate poisoning feasibility in practice beyond simulation. To that end, using an Internet-scale measurement infrastructure, we capture and analyze over 1,400 instances of BGP poisoning across thousands of ASes as a mechanism to maneuver return paths of traffic. We analyze in detail the performance of steering paths, the graph-theoretic aspects of available paths, and re-evaluate simulated systems with this data. We find that the real-world evidence does not completely support the findings from simulated systems published in the literature. We also analyze filtering of BGP poisoning across types of ASes and ISP working groups. We explore the connectivity concerns when poisoning by reproducing a decade old experiment to uncover the current state of an Internet triple the size. We build predictive models for understanding an ASes' vulnerability to poisoning. Finally, an exhaustive measurement of an upper bound on the maximum path length of the Internet is presented, detailing how security research should react to ASes leveraging poisoned long paths. In total, our results and analysis expose the real-world impact of BGP poisoning on past and future security research.
Training Population Design With the Use of Regional Fusarium Head Blight Nurseries to Predict Independent Breeding Lines for FHB Traits

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease in cereals around the world. Because it is quantitatively inherited and technically difficult to reproduce, breeding to increase resistance in wheat germplasm is difficult and slow. Genomic selection (GS) is a form of marker-assisted selection (MAS) that simultaneously estimates all locus, haplotype, or marker effects across the entire genome to calculate genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs). Since its inception, there have been many studies that demonstrate the utility of GS approaches to breeding for disease resistance in crops. In this study, the Uniform Northern (NUS) and Uniform Southern (SUS) soft red winter wheat scab nurseries (a total 452 lines) were evaluated as possible training populations (TP) to predict FHB traits in breeding lines of the UK (University of Kentucky) wheat breeding program. DON was best predicted by the SUS; Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK), FHB rating, and two indices, DSK index and DK index were best predicted by NUS. The highest prediction accuracies were obtained when the NUS and SUS were combined, reaching up to 0.5 for almost all traits except FHB rating. Highest prediction accuracies were obtained with bigger TP sizes (300-400) and there were not significant effects of TP optimization method for all traits, although at small TP size, the PEVmean algorithm worked better than other methods. To select for lines with tolerance to DON accumulation, a primary breeding target for many breeders, we compared selection based on DON BLUES with selection based on DON GEBVs, DSK GEBVs, and DK GEBVs. At selection intensities (SI) of 30-40%, DSK index showed the best performance with a 4-6% increase over direct selection for DON. Our results confirm the usefulness of regional nurseries as a source of lines to predict GEBVs for local breeding programs, and shows that an index that includes DON, together with FDK and FHB rating could be an excellent choice to identify lines with low DON content and an overall improved FHB resistance.
A Case of Carotid Body Tumor with Perineural Tumor Spread along the Superior Laryngeal Nerve

We report a case of a patient with a carotid body tumor with perineural tumor spread along the right superior laryngeal nerve. Perineural spread is most commonly associated with squamous cell, adenoid cystic, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. To the best of our knowledge, this has not been reported previously with carotid body tumor.
Modulation of Immune Response to Chlamydia muridarum by Host miR-135a.

Previously, our laboratory established the role of small, noncoding RNA species, i.e., microRNA (miRNA) including miR-135a in anti-chlamydial immunity in infected hosts. We report here chlamydial infection results in decreased miR-135a expression in mouse genital tissue and a fibroblast cell line. Several chemokine/chemokine receptor genes (including CXCL10, CCR5) associated with chlamydial pathogenesis were identified in silico to contain putative miR-135a binding sequence(s) at 3’ untranslated region. The role of miR-135a in the host immune response was investigated using exogenous miR-135a mimic to rescue the immune phenotype associated with miR-135a deficiency following Chlamydia muridarum (Cm) infection. We observed miR-135a regulation of Cm-primed bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDC) via activation of Cm-immune CD4+ T cells for clonal expansion and CCR5 expression. Using a transwell cell migration assay, we demonstrate the role of miR-135a in regulating genital tract cell CXCL10 expression and recruitment of CXCR3+ CD4+ T cells via the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis. Collectively, data reported here support the multifaceted role of miR-135a in immune regulation in response to chlamydial infection.
Social media use and academic, social, and career development among college students with disabilities.

This study explores the use of social media and its impact on the college life of students with disabilities.341 college students who identified as having disabilities were recruited from two unive...
Confronting Privilege with Community Awareness: How Art Walks Contradict or Support Current Ideologies

It was their third year in a 4-year college undergraduate degree, but their first year in the education program as was typical in many U.S. teacher education programs. Before class was to begin, though, they were notified that this course would not take place on the university campus. In fact, we were going to be teaching, learning, and working with children in a school located within the large urban school district in which the university was located. A big question was how could we learn about and with this community as a group of teachers and learners? Working from a place-based teacher (Gruenewald in Educational Researcher 32: 3–12, 2003) education perspective, the author argues that place is important in teacher education programs and when preservice teachers are embedded into the environment in which they teach, with an instructor that works to disrupt deficit ideologies, students’ attitudes change or may be altered. The dominant narrative about the neighborhood in which this school was located contained descriptors such as urban, high poverty, and crime, yet what actually lies within is a long history of art and culture depicted through murals, churches, and dwellings. In an effort to expose, engage, and experience (Segal in Journal of Poverty 11: 65–81, 2007) the community in which the school was located and school families lived, the author explored ‘Art Walks’ that were created by the city to promote experiencing neighborhoods through art, history, and the people who live there.
Endogenous Cytoprotective Mechanisms

ABSTRACT A number of fundamental mechanisms have evolved to protect the mammalian host against various forms of injury and noxious stimuli. Since these mechanisms are harnessed upon encountering potentially cytotoxic conditions, and are distinct from classical immune responses, they are referred to as endogenous cytoprotective mechanisms. Induction of haem-oxygenase and induction of the heat shock response confer protection against a broad array of cytotoxic stimuli. Activation of anti-oxidant pathways is critical to survival in an aerobic environment, which is both permissive to life as we know it, but at the same time carries the ever present risk of generating toxic oxygen free radicals and their derivatives. Hypoxia inducible factor is a key transcription factor that directs the expression of genes necessary for adaptation to hypoxia and/or ischemia. Finally, nitric oxide is a ubiquitous molecule that appears to impact an ever increasing number of biological, physiological, pathophysiological processes. In keeping with this complexity, nitric oxide appears to have important cytoprotective properties that are dependent on both the context in which it is produced and the amount that is produced.
On Channel Architecture and Routability for FPGAs Under Faulty Conditions

The Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) routing resources are fixed and their usage is constrained by the location of Programmable Connections (PC's) such as antifuses. The routing or the interconnect delays are determined by the length of segments assigned to the nets of various lengths and the number of PC's programmed for routing of each net. Due to the use of PC's certain unconventional faults may appear. This paper models the PC faults and analyzes the performance of FPGA channel architecture under faulty conditions to achieve 100% routability with graceful degradation in performance. A channel architecture has been synthesized to achieve routability and performance even under faulty conditions. Results on a set of industrial designs and MCNC benchmark examples show the feasibility of achieving routability and performance under a large number of faults in the channel.
Growth of White Spruce, Picea glauca , Seedlings in Relation to Microenvironmental Conditions in a Forest-Prairie Ecotone of Southwestern Manitoba

The influence of microenvironmental conditions on the growth performance (i.e., diameter and height growth) of White Spruce [ Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] seedlings was examined within three contrasting habitats: White Spruce tree islands, open prairies and Trembling Aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.) groves. These habitats exist within a disjunct occurrence of White Spruce at its southern limit of distribution in three mixed-grass prairie preserves in the Spruce Woods Provincial Park within the forest-prairie ecotone of southwestern Manitoba. Microenvironmental measurements (i.e., light, temperature, relative humidity, soil moisture) were obtained on 10 sites in each of the three habitats and growth characteristics of 60 White Spruce seedlings were measured in each of three habitats. Higher light and soil temperature conditions occurred within the open prairie. In contrast, lower light and soil temperature conditions occurred under the tree canopy of aspen groves and the northern aspect of spruce islands, which moderated the effect of the dry regional climate. Height growth did not vary significantly among the three habitats. The greater diameter growth and decreased slenderness of White Spruce seedlings in the open versus the shaded habitats appears to be a result of increased photosynthesis at higher light intensity and may also represent a morphological adaptation to withstand the effect of increased wind exposure. The increased slenderness of White Spruce in the shaded habitats appears to be a morphological adaptation of increasing carbon allocation towards height growth and thus maximizing effective competition for light.
The Professionalism Paradigm Shift: Why Discarding Professional Ideology Will Improve the Conduct and Reputation of the Bar

The Article explains how the Professionalism Paradigm distinguishes between self-interested businesspersons and altruistic professionals who place the public good above their own interests and those of their clients. The legal profession has used this Business-Profession dichotomy to obtain control of the delivery legal services, including a legislative monopoly on the practice of law. Today, the Professionalism Paradigm faces a crisis as leading lawyers, judges, and scholars complain that law has become a business and is no longer a profession. The Article “identifies this shift as a time for hope rather than as a cause for despair. Applying Thomas S. Kuhn's theory of paradigm shifts, Professor Pearce traces the transformation of law practice from a profession to a business. Explaining that the crisis created by the proliferation of business activities in law practice cannot be reconciled with the Professionalism Paradigm, he predicts that a Business Paradigm is emerging. Professor Pearce concludes by suggesting an approach to the Business Paradigm midway between a pure market approach and the re-creation of the status quo. This "Middle Range" approach would continue bar admission while permitting non-lawyers to practice law and substituting market and government regulation for self-regulation. Professor Pearce argues that this approach will likely free law practice of the taint of hypocrisy, foster a realistic community ethic of commitment to the common good, and improve the quality and delivery of legal services.” Abstract, 70 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 1229, 1229 (1995).
Glucose and Gluconate Metabolism in an Escherichia coli Mutant Lacking Phosphoglucose Isomerase

A single gene mutant lacking phosphoglucose isomerase (pgi) was selected after ethyl methane sulfonate mutagenesis of Escherichia coli strain K-10. Enzyme assays revealed no pgi activity in the mutant, whereas levels of glucokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and gluconate-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were similar in parent and mutant. The amount of glucose released by acid hydrolysis of the mutant cells after growth on gluconate was less than 2% that released from parent cells; when grown in the presence of glucose, mutant and parent cells contained the same amount of glucose residues. The mutant grew on glucose one-third as fast as the parent; it also grew much slower than the parent on galactose, maltose, and lactose. On fructose, gluconate, and other carbon sources, growth was almost normal. In both parent and mutant, gluconokinase and gluconate-6-phosphate dehydrase were present during growth on gluconate but not during growth on glucose. Assay and degradation of alanine from protein hydrolysates after growth on glucose-1-14C and gluconate-1-14C showed that in the parent strain glucose was metabolized by the glycolytic path and the hexose monophosphate shunt. Gluconate was metabolized by the Entner-Doudoroff path and the hexose monophosphate shunt. The mutant used glucose chiefly by the shunt, but may also have used the Entner-Doudoroff path to a limited extent.
Developments in Controlled Experiments on Larger Scale Geophysical Problems

Publisher Summary The chapter presents a survey of experimental developments mainly in meteorology and oceanography, but with some attention to similar work in geology and certain other fields. The chapter discusses the experiments that have started to be quantitatively successful in connection with medium- and large-scale phenomena as these adjectives might be understood by the ordinary observer. There are large areas of successful experimentation. Because of the extreme difference in scales of the natural phenomena and of practicable laboratory experiments, the possibility of doing significant experimental work on such effects depends upon being able to establish essential dynamical similarity of the experimental systems and the prototypes—that is, on being able to produce identity of the field equations and boundary conditions in the two cases by linear transformations of mass, geometrical, time, electromagnetic, and thermal variables. The techniques of dimensional analysis and systematic use of dimensionless variables are the appropriate ones. In discussing the experimental work on large-scale natural phenomena, the chapter presents: (1) the meteorological and oceanographic work; (2) geological work on the elastic and plastic behavior of the Earth; and (3) work connected with cosmical electromagnetic phenomena such as the aurora. With length scales from kilometers to hundreds of kilometers, as far as terrestrial examples are concerned, the chapter presents a survey of three groups of investigations in which an active interplay of theoretical with experimental developments has occurred in the last couple or more decades. The first two groups involve almost purely hydrodynamic effects of density fields under the influence of gravity, respectively, for primarily, vertically stable density distributions and for essentially unstable arrangements. The third concerns rather different problems of elastic wave propagation relevant to seismic waves, either artificial or natural.
Steady-state finite element solver for rotor eddy currents in permanent magnet machines using a GMRES approach

Rotor losses can be a significant concern in high-speed permanent magnet machine designs. This paper presents a two-dimensional steady-state finite element solver that calculates eddy current losses in rotors where insulating barriers exist in the 2-D plane. A shooting-Newton/GMRES method is used to determine steady-state operation. This method is shown to be more computationally efficient than performing transient analysis until convergence. The solver is then used to compare the rotor losses of different design choices for a high-speed permanent magnet machine design.
Reproducibility of successful drug trials in patients with inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia.

Patients whose inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia is suppressed during serial electrophysiological testing have a small but gradually increasing actuarial incidence of recurrent arrhythmias despite therapy with the "successful" drug. In an effort to improve the predictive value of a drug response, in 1990 we began to require that our full stimulation protocol be repeated successfully several times before considering a drug to be effective. In 23 consecutive patients who had inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia which was suppressed by at least one drug during invasive serial drug testing using a standard stimulation protocol, the identical stimulation protocol was performed six times during therapy with the initially successful drug (three trials on Day 1 and three trials on Day 2). Repeat trials were completed (i.e., either all six trials were successfully finished or sustained tachycardia was induced) for 29 initially successful drugs in these 23 patients. With 18 of these 29 initially successful drugs (62%), sustained ventricular tachycardia was eventually induced during repeat trials. The eventual drug failures could not be correlated with specific drugs tested, subtherapeutic or falling serum drug levels, marked fluctuations in autonomic tone, or changes in anatomic substrate. The proportion of patients failing each repeat trial was relatively constant: 4/29 (14%) failed Trial 2, 2/25 (8%) failed Trial 3, 7/23 (30%) failed Trial 4, 2/16 (13%) failed Trial 5, and 3/14 (21%) failed Trial 6. The increase in the cumulative incidence of drug failure during repeat trials was nearly linear. Inducibility of ventricular tachycardia appears to be a probability function; a successful drug study should not be regarded as an absolute phenomenon.
A Measure of Young Children's Problem and Competence Behaviors: The Early School Behavior Scale:

This paper reports on the development and the psychometric properties (reliabilities and validity) of the Early School Behavior Scale (ESBS), a 46-item measure of competencies and behavior problems among children aged 4 to 7. Factor analysis of the ESBS yielded three factors: Competence, Anxiety, and Conduct Problems, consistent with studies on older children. Subscales based on these factors were found to have adequate internal consistency reliability for screening purposes and to be related significantly to teachers' ratings of school adjustment. Gender differences were found in the pattern of these relations. The need for a brief measure of both competence and dysfunction among children in the preschool and early school years is discussed.
The downside of snowboarding. Common injuries in novices and those seeking 'hospital air'

Depending on where you live, you may never have treated a snowboarding injury. However, some of your patients (or maybe your own children) may return from a vacation in the Rockies sporting a snowboarding injury and needing immediate treatment or follow-up care. How familiar are you with the injury patterns specific to this increasingly popular sport? Read on for an introduction to the world of snowboarding and helpful guidelines on how to recognize and treat common snowboarding injuries. Language: en