cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sticky Substrates Snatch Bugs from Blood

Blood flows through the entire body, feeding our organs, and sterility is a crucial component of the fluid’s mission. Contamination of the blood with bacteria (bacteremia) can rapidly lead to sepsis, a deadly condition in which the immune response goes haywire and blood pressure plummets; often, the patient dies. Now, with an approach that combines surface science, nanotechnology, and microfluidics, Lee et al. were able to selectively clear bacteria and their endotoxins from whole blood with minimal impact on red blood cells. In order to build the new filtering platform, the researchers used magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) conjugated with a zinc-coordinated synthetic ligand that selectively binds to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as harmful endotoxins. The ability to remove endotoxins is important, because these bacterial membrane fragments remain even after bacteria are killed by antibiotics and trigger a major immune response. In contrast to antibody-based capture probes, the synthetic ligands, accompanied by the high effective surface area of nanoparticles, accelerated probe-target binding kinetics and required less than a minute to attach to bacterial membranes, rendering bacteria magnetic. Researchers evaluated the performance of MNPs in vitro by adding functionalized MNPs initially to phosphate-buffered saline and then to diluted whole bovine blood, both of which were spiked with Escherichia coli or its residual endotoxins . A small permanent magnet was dragged along the surface of a glass chamber containing the particle-bacteria mixture to selectively pull the “magnetic” bacteria out of the brew. Authors confirmed the selective removal of bacteria by fluorescence and phase-contrast microscopy, which revealed colocalized MNPs and bacteria. Next, they expanded the cleaning throughput by using a simple microfluidic device. Instead of bringing bacteria-laden blood and MNPs together in a stationary mixture in a glass chamber, the authors pushed the mixture through microfluidic channels. In this scheme, permanent magnets adjacent to the channel walls pulled the magnetic bacteria out of the flow. After a couple of cleaning cycles, the bacteria were completely removed from blood while sparing the red blood cells. Overall, the research demonstrates that MNPs conjugated with synthetic ligands exhibit exceptional binding kinetics and the level of selectivity necessary for clearing pathogens from a complex biological environment (that is, whole blood). Before the system is clinic-ready, further validations with human blood are necessary. In addition, the system should demonstrate its performance at handling both sterile and contaminated blood in a live animal by using microfluidics in a streamlined fashion similar to that performed by dialysis instruments. J.-J. Lee et al. , Synthetic ligand-coated magnetic nanoparticles for microfluidic bacterial separation from blood. Nano Lett. , published online 31 January 2013 (10.1021/nl3047305). [[Full Text]][1] [1]: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nl3047305
Ab-initioMRD–CI calculations on a CNO2 decomposition pathway of nitrobenzene†

To study molecular decomposition pathways it is necessary to use ab initio multireference determinant–configuration interaction or MCSCF (multiconfiguration SCF) calculations. The MRD–CI (multireference double excitation–configuration interaction technique of Buenker and Peyerimhoff) calculations on the decomposition pathway of nitrobenzene were carried out using all of the occupied molecular orbitals in the region of the bond being dissociated, plus all of the virtual orbitals. An effective CI Hamiltonian was used into which were folded the effects of all of the occupied molecular orbitals from which excitations were not allowed. So far we have investigated the lowest 1A1, 3A1, 1A2, 3A2, 1B1, 3B1, 1B2, 3B2 states and are investigating the higher states. Our results show a wealth of structure in the potential energy surfaces for the various electronic states of nitrobenzene as a function of distance. A number of the states are predissociative and change dominant configuration one or more times along these potential energy surfaces.
Paralleled hardware annealing in multilevel Hopfield neural networks for optimal solutions

In a multilevel neural network, the output of each neuron is to produce a multi-bit representation. Therefore, the total network size can be significantly smaller than a conventional network. The reduction in network size is a highly desirable feature in large-scale applications. The procedure for applying hardware annealing by continuously changing the neuron gain from a low value to a certain high value, to reach the globally optimal solution is described. Several simulation results are also presented. The hardware annealing technique can be applied to the neurons in a parallel format, and is much faster than the simulated annealing method on digital computers. >
Reliability, Structure, and Correlates of Learning and Study Strategies Inventory Scores.

The Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI) is used in hundreds of universities and high schools each year. This study investigated the reliability, structure, and criterion-related validity of LASSI scores. Data were provided by 502 university students. Results suggest that the LASSI may not measure the postulated 10 scales typically used to report results.
Interior point methods in the design of hierarchical controllers

This paper reports on the use of interior point (IP) optimization algorithms for determining an "optimal" set of control agents in a single layer of a hierarchical control system. The proposed algorithm is a modification of a primal IP algorithm which is closely related to alternating minimization techniques employed by neural network researchers. Preliminary simulation and analysis results suggest that the proposed algorithm has a computational complexity of O(n/sup 3.5/L) where n and L parameterize the control problem's size and accuracy, respectively. >
Unusual Presentation of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease: Female Patient with Deletion of the Proteolipid Protein 1 Gene

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is neurodegenerative leukodystrophy caused by dysfunction of the proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1) gene on Xq22, which codes for an essential myelin protein. As an X-linked condition, PMD primarily affects males; however there have been a small number of affected females reported in the medical literature with a variety of different mutations in this gene. No affected females to date have a deletion like our patient. In addition to this, our patient has skewed X chromosome inactivation which adds to her presentation as her unaffected mother also carries the mutation.
Model theoretic implications for agent languages in support of interoperability and composability

This paper evaluates the implications of model theory for agent languages. The tasks of ambassador agents are to represent simulations and identify potential contributions, select the best solutions in light of the question, compose the selected best solutions to provide the new functionality, and orchestrate their execution. Model-based data engineering can help to identify the information that needs to be exchanged between systems, existential and transformational dependencies can be identified using graph theory, and Petri nets can represent the availability of required information. All structures can be computed and fall under the realm of formal languages. Model theory is a subset of mathematics that focuses on the study of formal languages and their interpretations. Interpreting the terms model, simulation, and data of the modeling and simulation community using model theoretic terms allows the application of model theoretic insights. This allows to formally and unambiguously capture requirements for interoperability and composability.
Model selection procedure for high-dimensional data

For high-dimensional regression, the number of predictors may greatly exceed the sample size but only a small fraction of them are related to the response. Therefore, variable selection is inevitable, where consistent model selection is the primary concern. However, conventional consistent model selection criteria like Bayesian information criterion (BIC) may be inadequate due to their nonadaptivity to the model space and infeasibility of exhaustive search. To address these two issues, we establish a probability lower bound of selecting the smallest true model by an information criterion, based on which we propose a model selection criterion, what we call RICc, which adapts to the model space. Furthermore, we develop a computationally feasible method combining the computational power of least angle regression (LAR) with that of RICc. Both theoretical and simulation studies show that this method identifies the smallest true model with probability converging to one if the smallest true model is selected by LAR. The proposed method is applied to real data from the power market and outperforms the backward variable selection in terms of price forecasting accuracy. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 3: 350-358, 2010
Axiomatizing Flat Iteration

Flat iteration is a variation on the original binary version of the Kleene star operation P*Q, obtained by restricting the first argument to be a sum of atomic actions. It generalizes prefix iteration, in which the first argument is a single action. Complete finite equational axiomatizations are given for five notions of bisimulation congruence over basic CCS with flat iteration, viz. strong congruence, branching congruence, η-congruence, delay congruence and weak congruence. Such axiomatizations were already known for prefix iteration and are known not to exist for general iteration. The use of flat iteration has two main advantages over prefix iteration: 1. The current axiomatizations generalize to full CCS, whereas the prefix iteration approach does not allow an elimination theorem for an asynchronous parallel composition operator. 2. The greater expressiveness of flat iteration allows for much shorter completeness proofs.
The use of ranolazine in cardiovascular disease

Ranolazine is a novel drug that has shown promise in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Ranolazine exerts its effect by shifting myocardial energy metabolism away from free fatty acids and toward glucose as the substrate for production of adenosine triphosphate. Preclinical data have confirmed that ranolazine reduces myocardial ischaemic injury in various animal models. Researchers are continuing to gather clinical data but findings to date support the conclusion that ranolazine has anti-ischaemic effects without inducing the typical reduction in blood pressure and heart rate associated with the use of traditional anti-ischaemic agents. Given the absence of haemodynamic effects associated with ranolazine, it has great promise as a drug that could be added to existing therapy without concern for hypotensive or bradycardic side effects. Ranolazine has been shown to improve exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia and to lessen the severity of angina in the setting of chronic ischaemic heart disease. Early preclinical observations also suggest positive effects of ranolazine in the management of congestive heart failure; however, trials in this area are ongoing. Several recently completed Phase III clinical studies in patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease have confirmed the findings of smaller trials and should satisfy regulatory concerns necessary to place ranolazine on the commercial market in the US. The maker of ranolazine, CV Therapeutics (Palo Alto, California), will file a New Drug Application (NDA) with the US FDA for the approval of ranolazine as an anti-anginal in the near future.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDIES OF CELLS BY THE METHOD OF REPLICAS

The method of replicas has been applied to the study with the electron microscope of blood cells and bacteria. The results indicate that the method can reveal details of intracellular structures. Nuclei can be perceived, and also cytoplasmic bodies such as mitochondria and vacuoles.
Experimental determination of synchronous machine reactances from DC decay at standstill

Measurement of parameters of high-power synchronous machines from steady-state or transient AC operational tests requires a great deal of electrical power. This paper presents a new application of a floating-point analog-to-digital converter which is employed in a microcomputer-embedded system that implements a standstill time response method to measure synchronous machine parameters. Floating-point quantization of the stator current response of a locked-rotor synchronous machine to a step signal is used to find the direct-axis and quadrature-axis reactances. Compared to previous solutions, this testing technique is characterized by higher precision, while still reducing the required power and minimizing the testing time. Simulated and experimental results are finally presented to compare the precision of this system with current state-of-the-art solutions.
Pulmonary adenocarcinoma mutation profile in smokers with smoking-related interstitial fibrosis

g Abstract: Cigarette smoking is an established cause of lung cancer. However, pulmonary fibrosis is also an independent risk factor for the development of lung cancer. Smoking-related interstitial fibrosis (SRIF) has recently been reported. We hypothesized that adenocarcinomas in lungs with SRIF might show distinct molecular changes and examined the molecular phe- notype of 168 resected lung adenocarcinomas in lungs with and without SRIF. The diagnosis of SRIF was determined by histological examination, based on the presence of alveolar septal thickening, due to pauci-inflamed, hyalinized, "ropy" collagen, in areas of lung greater than 1 cm away from the tumor. Tumors were concomitantly examined genotypically for mutations in genes frequently altered in cancer, including EGFR and KRAS, by SNaPshot and by fluorescence in situ hybridization for possible ALK rearrangements. Fluorescence in situ hybridization for ROS1 rearrangement (n=36) and/or MET amplification (n =31) were performed when no muta- tion was identified by either SNaPshot or ALK analysis. Sixty-five cases (38.7%) showed SRIF, which was distributed in all lobes of the lungs examined. No differences were observed in sex, average age, or smoking history in patients with and without SRIF. There was no difference in either the percent or types of adenocarcinoma genetic mutations in patients with SRIF versus those without. This data suggests that SRIF does not represent an independent risk factor for the development of the major known and targeted mutations seen in pulmonary adenocarcinoma. However, additional research is required to investigate the potential significance of SRIF in the pathogenesis of lung cancer.
Obstetrician-gynecologists' decision making about the diagnosis of major depressive disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is underdiagnosed and undertreated in ambulatory care settings including gynecologic practices. Far less is known about the diagnosis of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD). Three hundred and thirty-five gynecologists responded to mailed questionnaires that used descriptive scenarios as analogues to clinical cases. Questionnaire recipients were randomly selected to receive either a MDD or PMDD version of the questionnaire. Respondents were less accurate when diagnosing MDD cases (48% accuracy; p = 0.526), than PMDD cases (80% accuracy; p < 0.001), but were significantly more confident about their probability ratings of MDD cases, t = 2.57, p < 0.02. Qualitative analysis suggested that less accurate MDD respondents did not prioritize case data according to DSM-IV criteria, whereas almost all PMDD respondents made use of valid reasoning strategies. Respondents did not take base rates into account when deciding about the probability of either affective disorder. Results imply that gynecologists employ cognitive strategies that result in accurate diagnostic judgments about PMDD, but overconfidence, lack of attention to DSM-IV criteria and base rate neglect could hinder clinical decisions about MDD, and may contribute to underdiagnosis of depression.
Contributions of German and American jesuits to economics: The last 100 years

This article focuses on the contributions of six economists schooled in the Jesuit tradition. Four are Jesuit priests: Heinrich Pesch and Oswald von Nell-Breuning who are German, and Bernard Dempsey and Joseph Becker who are American. Two others, Goetz Briefs and William Waters, are lay persons who are referred to as “Jesuits without collars.” Five have direct ties to one another. Von Nell Breuning was a student of Pesch, as was Briefs. Waters was a student of Briefs, and Dempsey was influenced by Pesch and von Nell-Breuning. All five are solidarist economists who think about economics and economic affairs in a distinct way which originates with Pesch. Today they would be called personalist economists. The distinctive work of these six Jesuits is barely visible in the ranks of academic economists. Their contributions should be highlighted before they are lost forever to those who sense there is something inadequate about mainstream economics.
Architectural Support for Automated Software Attack Detection, Recovery, and Prevention

Attacks on software systems are an increasingly serious problem from an economic and security standpoint. Many techniques have been proposed ranging from simple compiler modifications to full-scale re-engineering of computer systems architecture aimed at attack detection. Traditional techniques ignore the arguably more important problem of graceful recovery. Without recovery, even a successful attack detection can become an effective Denial-of-Service. We propose an architectural approach to attack detection and recovery called rollback and huddle that monitors a program’s execution with a lightweight attack-detection module while continuously checkpointing the system state. In the case of an attack, the program state is rolled back to a time before the attack occurred and an additional module is loaded to identify the source of the attack, repair the original vulnerability, and prevent future attacks. The simple hardware modules work alongside a standard computer architecture and aid in attack detection, checkpoint creation, and attack recovery. Experimental results show minimal runtime overhead and resource utilization.
Habermas's Discourse Ethics and Principle of Universalization as a Moral Framework for Organizational Communication

The author argues for the potential of discourse ethics as a framework for guiding and assessing ethical action in organizational communication. Habermas's discourse ethics offers an intersubjective procedure for developing and challenging ethical norms through reasoned public communication. After examining the development of discourse ethics and reviewing existing organizational applications of Habermas's ideas, the author then forms the principle of universalization into five steps necessary for an organization to enact a discourse ethic. These steps are used to assess the ethical problems and to identify alternative courses of action relating to the American Red Cross's Liberty Fund case.
Medical students' perceptions of mentoring: a focus-group analysis.

Characteristics of medical students’ mentoring relationships and factors that affect mentoring during medical school are poorly understood. The authors conducted four focus groups with fourth-year medical students to explore what students sought from mentors, perceived barriers to mentoring and suggestions for improvement. Data were analyzed using grounded theory. Students with and without mentors described a mentoring relationship as a personal connection with a faculty member invested in helping the student achieve a personal and professional vision. The short duration of courses, abrupt change from classroom learning to clerkships and limited exposure to clinicians were perceived as barriers to mentoring. Students recommended that the school explicitly promote mentoring with early education about finding mentors, placing the responsibility on students while also expanding the pool of potential mentors. It is concluded that medical students characterize mentoring in terms of the interpersonal dynamics o...
An Alternative Source for Contemporary Public Administration Aspects of Public Service Employment in Classic Jewish Tradition

Jewish cultural sources include scriptural narrative, Talmudic discourse, legal and ethical code, case law, and municipal regulation, developed over some 4 millennia of recorded history under a broad variety of diverse social and political circumstances. Nevertheless, they are rarely invoked as sources for the study of contemporary public administration. A review of normative Jewish thought may uncover long-dormant insights and inferences at variance with those rooted elsewhere. It further may set the stage for analysis of other nationalcultural precedents and add to the diversity that informs the field. This article analyzes Jewish tradition relative to its consideration ofpublic service and human resource issues regarding tenure andjob security, collective bargaining, and accountabilityfor quality assurance.
SIN-1 reverses attenuation of hypercapnic cerebrovasodilation by nitric oxide synthase inhibitors.

We sought to determine whether the attenuation of the hypercapnic cerebrovasodilation associated with inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) can be reversed by exogenous NO. Rats were anesthetized (halothane) and ventilated. Neocortical cerebral blood flow (CBF) was monitored by a laser-Doppler probe. The NOS inhibitor N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 40 mg/kg iv) reduced resting CBF [-36 +/- 5% (SE); P 0.05 from before L-NAME). Similarly, infusion of the guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) analogue 8-bromo-cGMP (n = 6) reversed the L-NAME-induced attenuation of the hypercapnic cerebrovasodilation. The NO-independent vasodilator papaverine (n = 6) increased resting CBF but did not reverse the attenuation of the CO2 response. SIN-1 did not affect the attenuation of the CO2 response induced by indomethacin (n = 6). The observation that NO donors reverse the L-NAME-induced attenuation of the CO2 response suggests that a basal level of NO is required for the vasodilation to occur. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that NO is not the final mediator of smooth muscle relaxation in hypercapnia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ethical and Legal Issues in Genetic Testing for Cancer Susceptibility

Genetic testing for cancer susceptibility is new and therefore deserves the careful attention of physicians in order to assure that the tests are performed and interpreted in an appropriate fashion. On occasion, genetic testing for cancer susceptibility will present ethical dilemmas with which many clinicians will not be familiar. A brief case presentation will frame these issues for subsequent discussion.
Evidence-Based Strategies for Fostering Biliteracy in Any Classroom

A substantial percentage of students in U.S. schools speak languages other than English at home, yet very few are enrolled in educational contexts that seek to develop their bilingual and biliterate skills and identities, despite the fact that research continues to show the importance of creating space for bilingual and biliterate practices in the classroom in order for students to progress academically. This paper explores the literature on biliteracy development with a focus on Spanish/English bilingual students in the early elementary grades. Several classroom activities are then presented that have been found by educational researchers to be effective in fostering biliteracy development in emergent bilinguals and that can be implemented in any classroom by bilingual or monolingual teachers. The potential for such activities to foster positive biliterate identities and expand bilingual students’ future options are discussed.
Receipt of Care Discordant with Practice Guidelines is Associated with Compromised Overall Survival in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Abstract Aims It is unknown whether receiving treatment that is discordant with practice guidelines is associated with improved survival in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The objectives of this study were to characterise national treatment patterns, analyse whether treatment outside of practice guidelines is associated with overall survival, and identify variables associated with receiving guidelines-discordant care in the USA. Materials and methods This was a retrospective cohort study of 1741 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in the National Cancer Data Base (2003–2006). Treatment regimens were compared with the 2004–2006 National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. Statistical analyses included chi-square, Kaplan–Meier, multivariable logistic, and Cox regression. Results Nearly 26% of our cohort received care discordant with practice guidelines. In multivariable analysis, patients with stage IVC disease (odds ratio 2.59, 95% confidence interval 1.66–4.04) were more likely to receive guidelines-discordant care when compared with those with stage II–IVB disease. The most common treatment deviation for those with stage I disease was overtreatment with chemoradiation therapy. Receiving guidelines-discordant care was associated with an increased risk of death (hazard ratio 1.46, 95% confidence interval 1.25–1.69). Conclusions Many patients with stages I and IVC nasopharyngeal carcinoma do not receive care in accordance with practice guidelines. Receiving guidelines-discordant care is associated with compromised overall survival in the USA.
Herding or Claustrophobia? Using Random Portfolios to Analyze a Measure of Herding

The concept of fund manager herding has been studied in depth, and the most widely used measure applied to this market-wide phenomena is the one incepted in Lakonishok, Shleifer & Vishny (1992), LSV. However, this measure has been much criticized, and its validity is still in doubt. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the LSV measure making use of random portfolios. This methodology allows the LSV measure to be estimated in various conditions, but by construction all are consistent with the null hypothesis of no herding. The main findings confirm the bias inherent in the LSV measure, the non-normality of the resulting distribution of the measure, and its strong dependence on trading intensity, independent of actual herding activity. However, using random portfolio methodology a non-parametric test is proposed that corrects some of the statistical shortcomings of the measure.
The Interaction Between Neighborhood Disadvantage and Genetic Factors in the Prediction of Antisocial Outcomes

Objective. There is growing recognition that antisocial behaviors are produced by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Research has revealed that environmental and genetic factors wo...
Just-In-Time Exchange Relationships in Industrial Markets:

A new form of relational exchange, commonly referred to as the “just-in-time” (JIT) exchange relationship, has been adopted and implemented by many original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and suppl...
Histamine and anaphylactic shock in the mouse.

SummaryIn this series of experiments it has been suggested that the mouse is highly resistant to histamine shock although regularly susceptible to anaphylaxis; that histamine administered either immediately before or after the antigen failed to potentiate the reaction; and that mouse serum in vitro failed to detoxify histamine for the guinea pig while guinea pig serum in vitro failed to make histamine toxic for the mouse. Further studies of the pathogenesis of anaphylactic shock in the mouse are in progress.It is therefore concluded that there is no evidence at the present time that histamine plays a direct or significant role in anaphylactic shock in the mouse.
The polypill to prevent cardiovascular disease: physicians' perspectives

Purpose of review The term 'polypill' denotes a single-pill combination of drugs for reducing cardiovascular disease events. The 'polypill strategy' refers to making such a pill available to the population based on age (e.g. 55 years) rather than individually as a result of a clinical decision. This review summarizes recent studies describing physicians' perspectives regarding the polypill. Recent findings Among 58 physicians in Sri Lanka, 86% likely would prescribe a polypill for primary prevention if a large trial showed it reduced the risk of major cardiovascular disease events. A study of 952 US physicians found that 83% likely would prescribe a polypill for high-risk patients and 62% likely would do so for moderate-risk patients. Among physicians in both countries, degree of risk reduction was an important factor in willingness to prescribe. Other factors considered important were side effects and cost. Physicians had low agreement with forgoing risk factor level monitoring in patients taking a polypill. The majority (89%) of US physicians surveyed would not want a polypill available without a prescription. Summary Current physician acceptance of the polypill seems moderate to high, at least when considering a clinical approach to its use. As trial publications emerge, it is possible that physician perspectives may evolve toward greater acceptance of a population-health approach to the implementation of a polypill.
Correlates of Prescription Opioid Legitimacy Judgments Among Community Pharmacists.

ABSTRACTBackground: Community pharmacists are legally required to evaluate and confirm the legitimacy of prescription opioids (POs) prior to dispensing. Yet, previous research has indicated community pharmacists perceive nearly 50% of dispensed POs to be issued lacking a legitimate medical purpose. Objective: To analyze correlates of PO legitimacy judgments across pharmacist and pharmacy setting characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 2000 Tennessee pharmacists was conducted during October and November of 2012. Community pharmacists' self-reported attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors specific to PO legitimacy were elicited. Step-wise multinomial logistic regression techniques were used to model correlates of PO legitimacy across low, moderate and high PO legitimacy estimations. Results: Being female, practicing in a chain or independent practice setting, fear of employer disciplinary action if PO legitimacy is questioned, and self-confidence in one's ability to detect PO abuse increased the odds...
FSVM-based Kernel Clustering Algorithm and Its Application in Document Clustering

To address document classification in data mining,a FVSM-based kernel clustering algorithm was presented in this paper.Firstly,the fuzzy features of the document were extracted and added to the fuzzy feature set.Secondly,the document frequencies of feature item were computed and the fuzzy feature vectors of documents were acquired.Finally,the fuzzy feature vectors were mapped in high-dimensional feature space by Gauss kernel function,and the documents were clustered by the kernel clustering algorithm in high-dimensional feature space.As the locality information of feature item is considered while the features are extracted,this method is closer to manual classification.The availability of this algorithm is proved by clustering results of some documents in Chinese periodical document database.
Professional, Personal, and Relational: Exploring the Salience of Identity in Academic Careers

ABSTRACTThis article explores the role of identity in lived experiences within the professoriate. While scholarship has given some attention to professional identity and personal identity, little in the literature has attempted to present a holistic view of identity and the complex ways that it defines and influences academic careers. The authors present findings from their analysis of interview data from 50 participants across career stages, from doctoral students to full professors. These findings suggest that three distinct but related, and potentially synergistic, components of identity are salient in shaping perceptions of and experiences within academic careers. The authors offer future directions for research centered on a rich conceptualization of identity as critical for understanding faculty development, experiences, and needs.
On root modality and thematic relations in Tagalog and English

The literature on modality discusses how context and grammar interact to produce different flavors of necessity primarily in connection with functional modals e.g. English auxiliaries. Hence the grammatical properties of lexical modals (i.e. thematic verbs) are less understood. In this paper, we use the Tagalog necessity modal kailangan and English need as a case study in the syntax-semantics of lexical modals. Kailangan and need enter two structures, which we call ‘thematic’ and ‘impersonal’. We show that when they establish a thematic dependency with a subject, they express necessity in light of this subject’s priorities, and in the absence of an overt thematic subject, they express necessity in light of priorities endorsed by the speaker. To account for this syntax-flavor mapping, we propose a single lexical entry for kailangan / need that uniformly selects for a ‘needer’ argument. In thematic constructions, the needer is the overt subject, and in impersonal constructions, it is an implicit speaker-bound pronoun.
Effect of current smoking on risk of triple negative breast cancer.

1592 Background: A number of lifestyle factors have been associated with risk of breast cancer. Studies have suggested that risk factors for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are different from ...
Quantifying Human Decision-Making: Implications for Bidirectional Communication in Human-Robot Teams

A goal for future robotic technologies is to advance autonomy capabilities for independent and collaborative decision-making with human team members during complex operations. However, if human behavior does not match the robots’ models or expectations, there can be a degradation in trust that can impede team performance and may only be mitigated through explicit communication. Therefore, the effectiveness of the team is contingent on the accuracy of the models of human behavior that can be informed by transparent bidirectional communication which are needed to develop common ground and a shared understanding. For this work, we are specifically characterizing human decision-making, especially in terms of the variability of decision-making, with the eventual goal of incorporating this model within a bidirectional communication system. Thirty participants completed an online game where they controlled a human avatar through a 14 × 14 grid room in order to move boxes to their target locations. Each level of the game increased in environmental complexity through the number of boxes. Two trials were completed to compare path planning for the condition of known versus unknown information. Path analysis techniques were used to quantify human decision-making as well as provide implications for bidirectional communication.
Medical education and indigent patient care.

The 20th century model of medical education has focused on a network of urban medical centers serving primarily indigent patients in an unspoken contract of medical services in exchange for student and resident education. The improvement in federal and state reimbursement for indigent care services, along with the decline in reimbursement rates from the private sector, has led to competition for these patients from nonacademic providers. As numbers of patients seeking care at urban teaching centers have steadily declined, concerns about adequate teaching volume and revenue generation have led to very creative problem-solving. Bringing marketing concerns into the indigent care environment is not a straightforward undertaking, but the rewards might far exceed the simple goal of "getting our numbers back up."
Evaluation of Small Biopsy Material in Patients with Multiple and Secondary Tumors

In clinical scenarios involving multiple pulmonary nodules, small biopsies and cytology specimens are frequently utilized to determine if the lesions represent a primary lung tumor with intrapulmonary metastases, multiple independent primary pulmonary tumors, metastatic tumors from an extrapulmonary origin, or a nonneoplastic process. In cases of tumors, ancillary studies can be successfully performed on small biopsy and cytology specimens to determine the etiology. It is important to characterize these tumors systematically in this era of personalized medicine. This entails meticulous examination of the morphology, use of limited immunopanels in a staged approach, and triage of slides upfront for potential molecular studies to maximize the information obtainable from these small specimens. This chapter will focus on the application of clinical considerations, morphology, and ancillary studies on small specimens from patients with multiple and/or secondary pulmonary tumors.
Map Distance, Unit

Map distances may be in units of mean number of crossovers (M or cM) or base pairs (usually kb or Mb).
Abstract 2192: Single-molecule single-cell DNA sequencing identifies ongoing copy number evolution in BRCA breast cancers

BRCA2 germline mutation carriers have a lifetime risk of 72% for developing invasive breast cancer. Although BRCA2 has been implicated in double-stranded break repair, the role of this mutation in genome evolution and maintaining genome instability during the expansion of the primary tumor mass is not well understood. To investigate these questions, we developed a novel method for single-cell, single-molecule (SCSM) sequencing. SCSM uses a Tn5 transposase to directly fragment and ligate adapters for PCR amplification, thereby omitting the whole-genome-amplification (WGA) step, which introduces technical noise into single-cell sequencing datasets. This approach provides single-molecule data by positional barcoding, reducing WGA artifacts that are typically associated with amplification bias. We further utilize a dual-barcoding approach and acoustic liquid transfer technology to increase throughput (N=384) and reduce cost to $1 per cell using nanoliter volumes. We applied SMSC to sequence copy number profiles from ~1000 single cells from two patients with BRCA2-positive breast tumors. In both cases we identified several major clonal subpopulations that shared a set of truncal CNAs, suggesting that they evolved from a single normal epithelial cell in the breast, not multiple initiating cells. We also identified many small subclonal CNAs that further diversified the major clones, which suggests that copy number evolution was ongoing during the expansion of the primary tumor mass. These data demonstrate the technical feasibility of SMSC sequencing, and further show that minor copy number evolution is ongoing in BRCA-positive breast cancer patients. Citation Format: Haowei Du, Alexander Davis, Ruli Gao, Medina Colic, Emi Sei, Min Hu, Angelica Gutierrez Barrera, Anna Casasent, Constance Albarracin, Banu Arun, Nicholas E. Navin. Single-molecule single-cell DNA sequencing identifies ongoing copy number evolution in BRCA breast cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2192.
High-resolution bathymetry estimates via X-band marine radar: 1. beaches

Abstract In this paired study, we apply a recently developed high-resolution bathymetry estimation algorithm (“cBathy”) to X-band marine radar observations at two nearshore field sites. The algorithm exploits observations of the spatial structure of wave phase to attain wavenumber estimates, inverts the linear water wave dispersion relation for depth, and then applies a Kalman filter to objectively update the bathymetry estimates. Previously, performance has only been tested using optical video observations. In this first of two papers, performance of the algorithm using X-band radar image time series is tested at two disparate barred beach environments: Duck, NC, USA, and Benson Beach, WA, USA. Each of the test beaches is either co-located with (Duck, NC) or geographically close to (Benson Beach, WA) those utilized in the original algorithm verification. Concurrent echosounder surveys are used as ground truth. The bulk performance of the radar-derived bathymetry estimate at Duck, NC, achieves 0.49 m root-mean-square error (RMSE) with 0.26 m bias deep. This compares well with the bulk performance of the concurrent estimate derived using optical video ( 0.44 m RMSE and 0.23 m bias deep). The radar-derived bathymetry estimate performance at Benson Beach, is similar ( 0.35 m RMSE and 0.11 m bias shallow), and is comparable to that of an optical video derived estimate at a similar Pacific Northwest beach ( 0.56 m RMSE and 0.41 m bias shallow). At both beaches, significantly higher performance is achieved at locations deeper than 2 m (offshore of the surfzone) than at locations shallower than 2 m (surfzone), where errors are often a large fraction of the total depth. Lastly, several weeks of observations are utilized to assess the sensitivity of algorithm quality control to environmental conditions. Thresholds based on the shoreward component of wind stress and offshore wave steepness are identified and shown to impact the areal coverage of radar-derived bathymetric estimates. Overall, these results demonstrate the viability of marine radar observations as input to the cBathy algorithm and delineate some environmental constraints on algorithm performance. In the companion paper, the algorithm is extended to areas where tidal currents are important, including an ebb tidal shoal and an estuary mouth.
Cytology of coccids (Coccoïdea-Homoptera).

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the cytology of coccids. The evolution of cytological mechanisms within the group and the bearing of the data on coccid systematic are briefly discussed. Only nuclear or chromosomal cytology is considered. The data of coccid cytology discussed is in reference to the analysis of the diverse mechanisms evolved in various groups. Their bearing on general cytological problems other than mitosis and sex determination has been only incidentally indicated. In structure and behavior, the salient features of the coccid chromosome stem directly from the diffuse nature of the kinetochore. The kinetic functions are a property of the chromosome as a whole and are not, as in most organisms, restricted to a specialized zone or organelle. Structurally this is evident in the absence of tall stages of the chromosome cycle of any primary constriction or localized kinetochore. In mitosis, the diffuse kinetochore results in distinctive types of orientation at metaphase, mode of formation of chromosomal fibers, and anaphase disjunction, and the potentiality realized to varying degrees in different tissues and species of complete spatial separation of the constituent chromonematal strands of the chromosome.
Venous thromboembolism: A clinician update:

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common vascular condition. New medications are available to prevent hospital-associated VTE. Strategies are being studied to increase appropriate diagnostic testing utilization. Management of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) has evolved with the advent of new anticoagulant options and catheter-directed intervention. In light of this, providers are commonly challenged with the decision regarding inpatient versus outpatient management. Which patients require long-term (> 3 months) anticoagulation is challenging and multiple clinical prediction models may be used to help determine the risk-benefit ratio in each patient. The management of VTE is an ongoing area of research and is rapidly evolving.
Partial migration alters population ecology and food chain length: evidence from a salmonid fish

Author(s): Kelson, Suzanne J; Power, Mary E; Finlay, Jacques C; Carlson, Stephanie M | Abstract: Many migratory species, from monarch butterflies to wildebeest, express partial migration, where only a subset of a population migrates. This intraspecific variation is likely to have large ecological consequences. We studied the ecological consequences of partial migration in a salmonid fish, Oncorhynchus mykiss , in coastal streams in California, USA. One ecotype, steelhead trout, migrates to the ocean, whereas the other, rainbow trout, completes its lifecycle in freshwater. Migration has a strong genetic basis in O. mykiss . In one stream, we found differences in the frequency of migration‐linked genotypes below and above a waterfall barrier (migratory allele frequency of 60% below vs. 31% above). Below the waterfall, in the migratory‐dominated region, the density of young fish (l1 yr old) was approximately twice that in the resident‐dominated region above the waterfall (0.46 vs. 0.26 individuals/m2, respectively), presumably reflecting the higher fecundity of migratory females. Additionally, there were half as many older fish (g1 yr old) in pools downstream of the waterfall (0.05 vs. 0.13 individuals/m2). In a second stream, between‐year variation in the dominance of migratory vs. resident fish allowed us to explore differences in fish density and size structure through time, and we found a consistent pattern. In brief, when migratory genotypes dominated, we found higher densities of young fish and lower densities of older fish, resulting in a simpler size structure, compared to when resident genotypes dominated. Moreover, large resident trout had a slightly higher trophic position than young fish (3.92 vs. 3.42 in one creek and 3.77 vs. 3.17 in the other), quantified with stable isotope data. The difference in fish size structure did not generate trophic cascades. Partial migration is widespread among migratory populations, as is phenotypic divergence between resident and migratory forms, suggesting the potential for widespread ecological effects arising from this common form of intraspecific variation.
Dunefields of the Southwest Deserts

The southwestern parts of the USA and adjacent areas of northern Mexico are the most arid part of North America, and include the Great Basin, Mojave, Colorado, Sonoran, and parts of the Chihuahuan deserts. The region contains many small and several larger dune fields, spanning a range of states of activity from vegetation-stabilized to largely vegetation-free or active dune fields. Dunes have accumulated on the floors and margins of paleolake basins; adjacent to major perennial, seasonal, or ephemeral streams and in areas of groundwater discharge. This chapter provides a regional survey of dunefield occurrence and characteristics, sediment sources, and wind regimes, followed by in-depth discussion of dunefield characteristics and boundary conditions for selected dune fields, and concludes with an assessment of the role of past climates and environments on dunefield origins and development.
Vulnerability coverage for secure configuration

We present a novel idea on adequacy testing called ``{vulnerability coverage}.'' The introduced coverage measure examines the underlying software for the presence of certain classes of vulnerabilities often found in the National Vulnerability Database (NVD) website. The thoroughness of the test input generation procedure is performed through the adaptation of evolutionary algorithms namely Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The methodology utilizes the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS), a free and open industry standard for assessing the severity of computer system security vulnerabilities, as a fitness measure for test inputs generation. The outcomes of these evolutionary algorithms are then evaluated in order to identify the vulnerabilities that match a class of vulnerability patterns for testing purposes.