cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early cardiac metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: In 2 patients

Cardiac metastasis from primary tumors is rare. Cardiac metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue is rare; in the English-language medical literature, we read of only 4 patients with this condition. Here, we discuss the cases of 2 such patients who presented at our institution only a few months apart. In both, with the use of 2-dimensional echocardiography, we incidentally found cardiac metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Resection of the cardiac masses was precluded. These cases illustrate the usefulness of early cardiac evaluation with 2-dimensional echocardiography in patients with head and neck cancer and known metastatic disease.
Beyond Stockholders and Stakeholders: A Plea for Corporate Moral Autonomy

In order to ensure that corporations act in socially responsible ways. R. Freeman says that firms should be legally required to act in accordance with the directives of a moral theory which he developed especially for business – a theory which has come to be called "normative stakeholder theory" (NST). I argue that NST fails as a moral theory and that this failure indicates: (1) that we should abandon the quest to develop a special moral theory for use in business, and (2) that we should not attempt to impose the use of any moral theory upon business, but rather should allow corporations to determine their moral responsibilities in any way they see fit.
Human Spatio-Temporal Attention Modeling Using Head Pose Tracking for Implicit Object of Interest Discrimination in Robot Agents

Ahstract- Hazardous search missions are an excellent application domain for human-robot teams because cost-effective robot systems could be leveraged to reduce total mission duration time, improve search space thoroughness, and reduce human exposure to danger. Efficiently pairing robotic agents with human workers requires leveraging implicit communication when explicit techniques are either unavailable, socially unnatural, or impractical, such as is often the case with challenging search and rescue missions. Although successful implicit communication methods for robotics systems exist, (e.g., gestural recognition, activity recognition, and gaze management), a full suite of effective natural communication skills remains an open problem in robotics, thus preventing human-robot team solutions from being more commonplace. To help address this capability gap, we introduce a technique to implicitly model human spatio-temporal attention with a 3D heat map based on head pose trajectory tracking. We then show that this version of attention modeling can be applied by a robot agent to reliably extract Object of Interest (OOI) information for use in improving implicit communication in human-robot teams. This technique is evaluated in an OOI search task and a shared workspace clustered OOI discrimination task.
Comics and medical narrative: a visual semiotic dissection of graphic medicine

An empathetic patient-practitioner relationship has been shown to improve treatment and recovery among patients, and decrease the likelihood of malpractice suits among medical professionals. It is,...
Acute Rupture of Achilles Tendon in an Adolescent with a History of Ponseti Casting and Achilles Tenotomy: A Case Report.

Case We present the case of a 15-year-old girl who has a history of Ponseti casting followed by Achilles tenotomies for congenital clubfeet as an infant and subsequently suffered an acute traumatic midsubstance Achilles tendon rupture on the left and midsubstance Achilles tendinosis on the right. Conclusions Traumatic pediatric Achilles ruptures are rare. There are no prior reported cases in patients with a history of Achilles tenotomy, despite it being a described potential complication. This case highlights the potential for an Achilles rupture years after tenotomy and presents surgical repair as a satisfactory treatment option for Achilles ruptures in adolescents.
Distributed stochastic optimization under imperfect information

We consider a stochastic convex optimization problem that requires minimizing a sum of misspecified agent-specific expectation-valued convex functions over the intersection of a collection of agent-specific convex sets. This misspecification is manifested in a parametric sense and may be resolved through solving a distinct stochastic convex learning problem. Our interest lies in the development of distributed algorithms in which every agent makes decisions based on the knowledge of its objective and feasibility set while learning the decisions of other agents by communicating with its local neighbors over a time-varying connectivity graph. While a significant body of research currently exists in the context of such problems, we believe that the misspecified generalization of this problem is both important and has seen little study, if at all. Accordingly, our focus lies on the simultaneous resolution of both problems through a joint set of schemes that combine three distinct steps: (i) An alignment step in which every agent updates its current belief by averaging over the beliefs of its neighbors; (ii) A projected (stochastic) gradient step in which every agent further updates this averaged estimate; and (iii) A learning step in which agents update their belief of the misspecified parameter by utilizing a stochastic gradient step. Under an assumption of mere convexity on agent objectives and strong convexity of the learning problems, we show that the sequences generated by this collection of update rules converge almost surely to the solution of the correctly specified stochastic convex optimization problem and the stochastic learning problem, respectively.
L’arthroplastie totale chez les patients porteurs d’une dysplasie musculo-squelettique est liée à un risque accrue d’infection du site opératoire

Abstract Introduction Musculoskeletal dysplasias (MSD) are inherited conditions of abnormal cartilage and bone development and remodeling which include, amongst others, multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED), spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SED), achondroplasia, and hypochondroplasia. The aim of this study was to compare patient characteristics and in-hospital complications between MSD and non-MSD patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Hypothesis MSD patients undergoing TJA are at increased risk of in-hospital postoperative complications and mortality compared to non-MSD patients. Materials and methods The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from the years 2005 to 2014 was used for this retrospective cohort study. International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modifications (ICD-9-CM) procedure codes identified primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) procedures and were used to separate MSD and non-MSD patients. Patients with trauma or malignancy as primary diagnoses, non-elective procedures, revision procedures, and concurrent bilateral surgeries were excluded. Patients were compared using linear regression or multivariate logistic regression analysis to control for confounders. All statistical analyses were performed taking into account the NIS sampling scheme and associated sampling weights. Results A total of 1,255 patients comprised the MSD group and 8,027,181 patients the non-MSD group. MSD patients were younger than non-MSD patients (50.9 vs 65.8 years, p Discussion MSD patients undergoing TJA were younger with less co-morbidity compared to non-MSD patients, and had no significant difference in overall perioperative medical and surgical complication rates. However, they are at increased risk for surgical site infection and perioperative hemorrhage possibly due to the anatomical complexity encountered. Level of evidence III, Retrospective Cohort.
Ribosome profiling in mouse hippocampus: plasticity-induced regulation and bidirectional control by TSC2 and FMRP

Mutations in TSC2 are the most common cause of tuberous sclerosis (TSC), a disorder with a high incidence of autism and intellectual disability. TSC2 regulates mRNA translation required for group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent synaptic long-term depression (mGluR-LTD) and behavior, but the identity of mRNAs responsive to mGluR-LTD signaling is largely unknown. We utilized Tsc2+/− mice as a mouse model of TSC and prepared hippocampal slices from these animals. We induced mGluR-LTD synaptic plasticity in slices and processed the samples for RNA-seq and ribosome profiling to identify differentially expressed genes in Tsc2+/− and following mGluR-LTD synaptic plasticity. Ribosome profiling reveals that in Tsc2+/− mouse hippocampal slices, the expression of several mRNAs was dysregulated: terminal oligopyrimidine (TOP)-containing mRNAs decreased, while FMRP-binding targets increased. Remarkably, we observed the opposite changes of FMRP binding targets in Fmr1−/y hippocampi. In wild-type hippocampus, induction of mGluR-LTD caused rapid changes in the steady-state levels of hundreds of mRNAs, many of which are FMRP targets. Moreover, mGluR-LTD failed to promote phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) in TSC mice, and chemically mimicking phospho-eEF2 with low cycloheximide enhances mGluR-LTD in TSC mice. These results suggest a molecular basis for bidirectional regulation of synaptic plasticity and behavior by TSC2 and FMRP. Our study also suggests that altered mGluR-regulated translation elongation contributes to impaired synaptic plasticity in Tsc2+/− mice.
Examining case outcomes in US transgender homicides: an exploratory investigation of the intersectionality of victim characteristics

Empirical research has yet to explore the intersections of victim characteristics on case outcomes (e.g. guilty, not guilty, unsolved) in transgender homicides. Drawing on queer criminological and ...
IoT Bonet and Network Intrusion Detection using Dimensionality Reduction and Supervised Machine Learning

In a present-day world there are different types of attacks being launched on computing devices. World is experiencing more and more cyber-attacks and types of attacks are also increasing. For example, an IoT device in a home network can act as a botnet attacking other devices or there could be man in the middle attack. As time goes by more and more devices are being connected within any given network. All these devices will be vulnerable to attacks if any one of the devices is compromised within the network. This complicates Intrusion Detection in any given network. Manual detection and intervention is nearly impossible. Hence it is quintessential to detect different types of attacks with more confidence with less computation complexity and time. A lot of research work has already been done in this area where the attacks have been studied separately. In this paper we focus on detecting intrusions including IoT botnet attacks and other types of network attacks. To achieve this, we build a multiclass classification using supervised learning models along with the dimensionality reduction technique. Numerous studies on ML-based IDS have been using KDD or the upgraded versions of KDD dataset. In this study we used a new dataset, IoT network Intrusion Detection dataset.
Exploring Parent–Child Conversations about Live Snakes and Spiders: Implications for the Development of Animal Fears

Snakes and spiders commonly elicit fear. However, despite the pervasiveness of these fears in adulthood, little is known about how they develop in early childhood. Informal learning environments, l...
Comparing two captive bolt devices on market age Pekin ducks

Summary The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of 2 captive bolt devices in the euthanasia of market age Pekin ducks. One hundred twenty ducks were euthanized using either a commercially available captive bolt device (Zephyr-EXL, n = 60) or an Experimental Crossbow captive bolt device (n = 60). Ducks were euthanized and observed for pupillary light reflex, nictitating membrane reflex, cessation of movement, and skin penetration. The minimum, maximum, average impact pressure (psi) and impact radius (cm) of each device was also determined. Both devices effectively euthanized all ducks in the study. No differences were observed between the 2 devices in pupillary light reflex, nictitating membrane reflex, or cessation of movement (P > 0.05). Differences were observed (P
The Cambridge Companion to English Poets

This volume provides lively and authoritative introductions to twenty-nine of the most important British and Irish poets from Geoffrey Chaucer to Philip Larkin. The list includes, among others, Shakespeare, Donne, Milton, Wordsworth, Browning, Yeats and T. S. Eliot, and represents the tradition of English poetry at its best. Each contributor offers a new assessment of a single poet's achievement and importance, with readings of the most important poems. The essays, written by leading experts, are personal responses, written in clear, vivid language, free of academic jargon, and aim to inform, arouse interest, and deepen understanding.
A population balance model of cell cycle-specific tumor growth

Abstract Chemotherapeutics are often treated as having a lumped tumor effect, however, the growth state and exposure for individual cancer cells ultimately determines the response of the tumor to treatment. A multi-staged, age structured cell population balance equation (PBE) capable of cell-cycle tracking was formulated to account for this limitation. The method of orthogonal collocation on finite elements was used to decompose the original partial differential and algebraic equation formulation into a system of nonlinear ODEs with a renewal algebraic equation for age zero cells. The model was then adapted to include growth inhibitory effects and drug induced apoptosis specific to the S-phase for the testing of two theoretical drugs in adjuvant therapy. Simulations evaluated the delivery of apoptotic drug alone, or both drugs in combination. Increases in overall tumor reduction resulted from the adjuvant therapy, typical of results observed experimentally. Additional refinement is necessary regarding transition, division, and apoptotic intensity function construction prior to clinical application, but this model represents a feasible structure for describing distributed tumor progression with incorporated drug effect.
Regulation of Pentitol Metabolism by Aerobacter aerogenes I. Coordinate Control of Ribitol Dehydrogenase and d-Ribulokinase Activities

Induction studies on Aerobacter aerogenes strain PRL-R3, using ribitol as the inducer-substrate, indicated that two enzymes of ribitol catabolism, ribitol dehydrogenase and d-ribulokinase, are coordinately induced. The utilization of d-arabinose as a substrate resulted in the induction of ribitol dehydrogenase as well as d-ribulokinase. Mutants which were constitutive for ribitol dehydrogenase were also constitutive for d-ribulokinase. In contrast, d-xylulokinase and d-arabitol dehydrogenase did not appear to be coordinately controlled. Induction studies and examination of d-arabitol dehydrogenase constitutive mutants indicated that the three enzymes of the converging pathways for d-arabitol and d-xylose catabolism are under separate control.
'To Be Human': A Psychological Perspective on Property Law

The psycholegal study of property law, theory, and doctrine is a new and developing topic area. As one Article in a Special Issue of the Tulane Law Review, this paper serves as a broad introduction and overview to the field. Aimed at both legal academics and social scientists, a primary goal is to encourage interdisciplinary collaboration between the fields in order to promote additional empirical research in the area. Thus, I first identify the important theoretical connections between psycholegal research and property law, theory, and policy. Next, I review what work has been conducted, as well as some contemporary research (including the other Articles in the Issue). Finally, I indicate several under-explored topic areas available to psycholegal scholars, and sketch what a research program taking a psychological perspective on property law might look like in a number of areas. I demonstrate the close relationship between empirical psychological findings and property law and theory, and discuss the potential for more.
A dozen ideas to the minute

Purpose – This article aims to explore the work lives and contributions of a group of women employed at the J. Walter Thompson advertising agency in the early twentieth century.Design/methodology/approach – Archival source material from the J. Walter Thompson Company archives at Duke University includes personnel files, advertising campaign reports, and meeting minutes. The archival work is placed in historical context.Findings – The J. Walter Thompson Women's Editorial Department played a significant role in the development of advertising and in furthering women's opportunities as advertising professionals.Originality/value – Advertising was one of the few male‐dominated professions open to women in the early years of the twentieth century. An exploration of these women's work experiences greatly enhances our understanding of the field, of women's roles as advertisers, and of women's roles as consumers.
Venous stasis in the coronary circulation

Abstract The purpose of this article is to record data concerning stasis in the venous circulation of the heart. Any addition to the methods of treating coronary artery disease should be investigated. The available medical methods by drugs and rest are indirect. Perhaps a direct operative method can be evolved which will improve the vascular bed in the heart. Ligation of a major vein and a major artery elsewhere in the circulatory tree has received considerable study. Both clinical and experimental observations support the conclusion that after a major artery to an extremity has been ligated the incidence of ischemic necrosis in the extremity is reduced by ligation also of the major vein. Surgeons accept this as a principle in surgery. According to Halsted, the idea originated with the Russian surgeon Von Oppel,1 in 1908. On the basis of clinical observations Sir George Makins3, 4 became an advocate of vein ligation with the artery. There are now considerable experimental data on this subject. Some of the experimental data are conflicting. In general, however, it appears that the incidence of necrosis is reduced by ligation of the vein with the artery. A brief resume of this experimental work is given.
Diminished viability, growth, and behavioral efficacy of fetal dopamine neuron grafts in aging rats with long-term dopamine depletion: an argument for neurotrophic supplementation.

We examined the behavioral and morphological correlates of the response to a single intrastriatal dispersed cell graft of fetal rat ventral mesencephalic tissue in male Fischer-344 rats of varying age (4, 17, and 24–26 months old) and history of mesostriatal dopamine (DA) depletion (1 or 14 months). Our goal was to determine the impact of advancing age and duration of DA depletion in the host on DA graft viability and function. The findings can be summarized as follows. (1) Fetal DA neuron grafts that were effective in completely ameliorating amphetamine-induced rotational behavior in young rats with short-term lesions were virtually without effect in aged rats with long-term lesions. Middle-aged rats with long-term lesions responded to these grafts with partial behavioral recovery. (2) Age of the host at the time of transplantation, and not duration of DA depletion, was the primary determinant of response to DA grafts. (3) Diminished efficacy of grafts in lesioned aging rats was related to decreased survival and neurite extension of transplanted DA neurons. (4) Co-grafts of DA neurons with Schwann cells as a source of neurotrophic support improved the behavioral outcome of grafts in aged lesioned rats. These findings support the view that the DA-depleted striatum of aged rats is an impoverished environment for survival, growth, and function of DA grafts. Consistent with this view, local supplementation of the neurotrophic environment of grafted DA neurons with products of co-grafted Schwann cells, a demonstrated source of neurotrophic activity for embryonic DA neurons, improved graft outcome.
The Contribution of Late-Type/Irregulars to the Faint Galaxy Counts from Hubble Space Telescope Medium-Deep Survey Images

ABSTRACT We present a complete morphologically classiﬁed sample of 144 faint ﬁeld galaxies from theHST Medium Deep Survey with 20.0 ≤ m I < 22.0 mag. We compare the global properties ofthe ellipticals, early and late-type spirals, and ﬁnd a non-negligible fraction (13/144) of compactblue [(V −I) ≤ 1.0 mag] systems with r 1/4 -proﬁles. We give the diﬀerential galaxy number countsfor ellipticals and early-type spirals independently, and ﬁnd that the data are consistent withno-evolution predictions based on conventional ﬂat Schechter luminosity functions (LF’s) and astandard cosmology.Conversely, late-type/Irregulars show a steeply rising diﬀerential number count with slope( δlogNδm ) = 0.64 ± 0.1. No-evolution models based on the Loveday et al. (1992) and Marzke etal. (1994b) local luminosity functions under-predict the late-type/Irregular counts by 1.0 and 0.5dex, respectively, at m I = 21.75 mag. Examination of the Irregulars alone shows that ∼ 50%appear inert and the remainder have multiple cores. If the inert galaxies represent a non-evolvinglate-type population, then a Loveday-like LF (α ≃ −1.0) is ruled out for these types, and a LF witha steep faint-end (α ≃ −1.5) is suggested. If multiple core structure indicates recent star-formation,then the observed excess of faint blue ﬁeld galaxies is likely due to
(Re)Lembrando Padre Cícero: Memória, Classe Social e Região

Quando o Padre Cicero morreu em 1934,houveram previsoes que seus seguidores iriam achar outro padre “milagroso” e, o“culto” de Padre Cicero iria desaparecer, e que ao o Nordeste se modernizou, o povonao mais acreditaria em sacerdotes milagrosos. Estas previsoes nao deram certo. Este artigo enfatiza o poder de memoriacultural, mudancas no auto-imagem do Nordeste, e correntes novos em religiao noBrasil em preservar e aumentar a estatura do Padre Cicero.
The Conversations About the Intersecting Institutions of Marriage

At the 1998 Association of American Law Schools (“AALS”) Annual Meeting, the sections on Family and Juvenile Law, Gay and Lesbian Issues, Minority Groups, and Women in Legal Education jointly sponsored a program entitled, The Intersecting Institutions of Marriage: Conflicts and Consequences. The goal of the program was to identify and explore the various ways in which the intersections of marriage as a legal, religious, social, and economic institution created and possibly determined important legal and social issues. The program included legal scholars who provided interesting, thoughtful and provocative reflections on the institution of marriage and on the reverberations flowing from the intersecting issues.By way of introduction to the symposium papers and comments, presented in this edition of the Texas Wesleyan Law Review, this essay will highlight the issues raised by the panelists. This essay is not a substitute for the eloquent and stimulating comments of the panelists, nor is it an in-depth discussion of the legal issues raised during the program. Rather, it is a summary of the presentations and discussions, and an attempt to highlight the cogent points offered by the panelists and the audience at this provocative and enlightening AALS program. In addition to this essay, we are fortunate to have an essay from Professor Steven Hobbs that was a significant contribution to the program. I wish to thank the 1997 officers of the co-sponsoring sections for their support of the program: Naomi Cahn (Chair) and June Carbone (Secretary/Treasurer), Family and Juvenile Law; Frank X. Valdes (Chair), Gay and Lesbian Issues; Dorothy A. Brown (Chair), Minority Groups; and Judith Maute (Chair), Women in Legal Education. I also want to thank the program committee, consisting of Barbara Babb, Tonya Brito, and Jane Murphy, for their assistance in all aspects of planning and staging the program.
Board Composition, Structure, And Financial Performance: An Update

In 1998, a meta-analysis of over 60 empirical research studies concluded that there was no demonstrable evidence that either Board of Directors structure or the duality of CEO/Board Chairman roles significantly impacted corporate performance. This article looks at research done since that time, in light of Enron and other corporate scandals as well as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the increasing diversity of corporate boards. Four additional studies, including follow-up work done by the authors of the 1998 meta-analysis, are compared and contrasted. In addition, the results of direct research on twenty Fortune 100 companies is presented. Finally, suggestions for future research in terms of both topic and methodology are provided, along with this author’s learnings from the project.
Soziologische Theorie und historische Erklärung

Soziologische Theorie und historische Erklarung sind gekennzeichnet durch den Widerstreit unterschiedlicher Ansatze. Nomologische und rationale Erklarung machen sich auf methodologischer Ebene den Platz streitig; Handlungstheorie, Systemtheorie und Lerntheorie auf der soziologischen Ebene allgemeinster Abstraktionsstufe. Es gelingt dem rationalen Erklarungsmodell indessen nicht, gegenuber dem nomologischen einen eigenstandigen Charakter zu bewahren. Die drei Ansatze der soziologischen Theorie weisen erhebliche Unzulanglichkeiten auf, die ihre Anwendung zur Erklarung historischer Entwicklungen in Frage stellen. An deren Stelle wird eine Evolutionstheorie vorgestellt, die sich in einigen Aspekten von anderen Versuchen dieser Art unterscheidet. Ausgangspunkt sind die Anforderungen der Umwelt, die eine Individuenklasse zu bestimmten Masnahmen der Bestandserhaltung zwingen. Ein Zusatztheorem gibt die Bedingungen einer hoheren oder niedrigeren Lernkapazitat zur Bewaltigung der Probleme der Bestandserhaltung an. Subjekte der Bestandserhaltung sind nicht Systeme, sondern Individuenklassen. 'Bestand' bedeutet einen vorgefundenen Standard der Lebenschancen. Als Umwelt kommen alle Tatbestande der Welt innerhalb und auserhalb von Systemen in Frage. Die Anwendung dieser Theorie auf MAX WEBERS Erklarungen des Untergangs des spatromischen Reiches und der Entwicklung des Kapitalismus stellt die Fruchtbarkeit des evolutionaren Ansatzes unter Beweis.
Mediation of Staphylococcal Adherence to Mucosal Cells by Lipoteichoic Acid

Staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid markedly reduced adherence by Staphylococcus aureus to buccal cells in vitro, suggesting that lipoteichoic acid mediates adherence by that bacterium. Adherence inhibition by lipoteichoic acid was lost after deacylation of the preparation, suggesting that fatty acids on the molecule are essential to binding.
Activity-dependent regulation of excitability in rat visual cortical neurons

Abstract A neuron's electrical properties are produced by a variety of voltage- and time-dependent ionic conductances. Here we examine how activity deprivation affects the excitability and ionic currents of cultured cortical pyramidal neurons. Blocking activity for 48 h results in a marked increase in excitability, mediated by changes in sodium and persistent potassium currents. This finding suggests that neurons can control their firing rates by tuning their distribution of ionic conductances in response to changes in activity.
A new class of simplified phorbol ester analogues: synthesis and binding to PKC and eta PKC-C1B (eta PKC-CRD2).

A unique class of simplified phorbol ester analogues is described for the first time. A highly efficient retro-annelation sequence was developed in order to remove the five-membered ring from the p...
The Use of the Cloze Testing Procedure for Detecting Plagiarism

Teachers have been long concerned with the problem of detecting plagiarism. This study was undertaken to determine whether the cloze procedure might provide an objective, reliable, and practical method for detecting plagiarism. The objectives of the study were to: confirm that a plagiarism effect on cloze test scores exists; determine whether, if so, it is large enough to be of practical utility in detecting plagiarism; and, assuming a substantial effect is found, ascertain whether its magnitude varied as a function of the subject matter of the topic assigned, native language of the examinee, or race of the examinee. The results of this study comparing cloze test performances by plagiarists and non-plagiarists indicated substantial differences in error rates for these two groups. The data support the original hypothesis that the cloze procedure may be used as a valid and sensitive measure for discriminating plagiarists from non-plagiarists.
Degradation of pesticides in soil as influenced by the presence of hydrolysis metabolites

Abstract The degradation of 8 pesticides was evaluated in a soil pretreated with their respective hydrolysis metabolites. 2,4‐Dichlorophenol, p‐nitrophenol, and salicylic acid conditioned the soil for enhanced degradation of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D), parathion, and isofenphos, respectively. Repeated application of carbofuran phenol, 2‐isopropyl‐4‐methyl‐6‐hydroxypyrimidine, methyl phenyl sulfone, thiophenol, isopropyl salicylate, and 2,4,5‐trichlorophenol had no effect on the rate of degradation of their parent pesticides. Prior exposure of soil to 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol resulted in increased persistence of its parent compound, chlorpyrifos. Results indicate that pesticide hydrolysis metabolites can effect the induction or inhibition of enhanced microbial degradation of some soil‐applied pesticides.
Probing interfacial electron transfer in coumarin 343 sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles with femtosecond stimulated Raman.

Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy (FSRS) is used as a structural probe of the interfacial electron transfer between Coumarin 343, a solar cell sensitizer, and TiO2 nanoparticles. Resonance Raman spectra of the charge-transfer complex reveals multiple vibrational motions, consisting primarily of carbon backbone and Ti−O binding modes, that direct the molecule out of the Franck−Condon region on the excited state potential energy surface. The vibrational spectrum and decay dynamics of the radical cation are also reported. These spectra indicate that the hole is localized on the conjugated carbon rings and that the donation mechanism involves multiple vibrational motions. We conclude with a discussion of prospects for improving the solar cell sensitization properties of Coumarin 343 through structural modification.
IPOG-IPOG-D: efficient test generation for multi-way combinatorial testing

This paper presents two strategies for multi-way testing (i.e. t-way testing with t>2). The first strategy generalizes an existing strategy, called in-parameter-order, from pairwise testing to multi-way testing. This strategy requires all multi-way combinations to be explicitly enumerated. When the number of multi-way combinations is large, however, explicit enumeration can be prohibitive in terms of both the space for storing these combinations and the time needed to enumerate them. To alleviate this problem, the second strategy combines the first strategy with a recursive construction procedure to reduce the number of multi-way combinations that have to be enumerated. Both strategies are deterministic, i.e. they always produce the same test set for the same system configuration. This paper reports a multi-way testing tool called FireEye, and provides an analytic and experimental evaluation of the two strategies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poetry Beyond Good and Evil: Bilhaṇa and the Tradition of Patron-centered Court Epic

The eleventh century poet Bilhaṇa’s magnum opus, his Vikramāṅkadevacarita, quickly became one of the most admired and quoted examplars of a newly emergent genre in second millennium Sanskrit poetry, the patron-centered court epic—an extended verse composition dedicated to relating the deeds and celebrating the virtues of the pet’s own patron. But Bilhaṇa’s verse biography of his patron, the Cālukya monarch Vikramāditya VI, while ostensibly singing his praises, is colored throughout by darker suggestions that Vikramāditya may be less than the moral paragon it proclaims him to be, and that the power of poetry lies precisely in its ability to fabricate royal virtue where none exists, and to wash clean the reputation of any king, regardless of his actual deeds. He makes these insinuatons through a variety of formal and narrative techniques, most strikingly by his persistent suggestions that Vikramāditya has perhaps less in common with Rāma, the archetypal paragon of royal virtue, than with his demonic antagonist Rāvaṇa, and, even more corrosively, that Rāma’s own reputation may owe more to his panegyrist’s skill than to his own virtue.
Improved training of cellular SRN using Unscented Kalman Filtering for ADP

Cellular Simultaneous Recurrent Network (CSRN) is a unique type of recurrent networks that is designed to solve complex optimization problems. This network has already shown to successfully solve many challenging problems such as 2D maze navigation, image registration and affine transformation, game of go, and power system voltage profile prediction. One of the main challenges of using a complex network structure as CSRN is to efficiently train the network. Many representative training algorithms such as Back-propagation Through Time (BPTT), Extended Kalman Filtering (EKF) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) have been used to train CSRN. Our prior works with CSRN suggest that for large number of network inputs, which is very common for large scale maze and image data, computational complexity of computing Jacobian in EKF training becomes prohibitive. In this paper, we propose Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) for the training of CSRN to avoid computing Jacobian. We show that CSRN trained with UKF can solve the 2D maze traversal problem with better convergence rate than that of EKF. We also report preliminary results on binary image affine transformation wherein CSRN trained with UKF offers comparable performance to that of EKF. A comparison has been obtained between CSRN with GMLP core versus an Elman core trained with UKF for Affine transform results. Finally, we show that for more complex applications such as large scale image processing, UKF is much faster than EKF in training CSRN.
Photoemission study of CdTe surfaces after low-energy ion treatments

We present a study of low-energy ion surface cleaning treatments and their impact on the surface electronic structure of an air-exposed CdTe thin film treated with CdCl 2 . In order to determine the electronic structure using surface-sensitive photoemission, surfaces need to be free of contaminants. This is achieved by subsequent low-energy ion treatment steps, carefully monitoring the chemical and electronic surface structure. We present data on the valence band maximum (VBM), and core-level binding energies, that suggest that neither preferential sputtering occurs nor metallic states are formed using our cleaning procedure. For a clean CdTe surface, the VBM is determined to be (0.8 ± 0.1) eV below the Fermi energy.
A NOTE ON THE GROWTH STAGES AND STRUCTURE OF THE ADULT LOPHOPHORE OF THE BRACHIOPOD TEREBRATELLA (WALTONIA) INCONSPICUA (G. B. SOWERBY)

Certain of the growth stages of the lophophore of Terebratella (Waltonia) inconspicua (Sowerby), from a shell length of 0.55 mm., are described and figured, so as to elucidate the position of the mouth and the mode of development of the lip of the food groove. The mouth is a small aperture in front of the bases of the first formed pair of filaments. The lip of the food groove is formed by lateral growth from a small preoral lobe. The early lophophore (trocholophous and early schizolophous) is of the broad-based terebratellacean type set low on the dorsal mantle, and the filaments when extended in feeding are directed anteriorly and ventrally. The structure of the adult lophophore is described. The ciliary feeding mechanism is essentially similar to that described by the author in Macandrevia cranium (Muller) and other brachiopods with plectolophous lophophores.
Price dynamics in Wisconsin woody biomass markets

This study quantifies the potential impact of biofuel/bioenergy development on the pulpwood market in Wisconsin. Important demand and supply factors to take into account when quantifying the potential spillover effects include: (i) availability of regional forest residues, (ii) forest biomass demand of the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) mandated by the state, and (iii) the slack pulpwood supply due to the recent economic recession. The results indicate that given the limited amount of regional forest residues, demand for primary forest resources over 2.29 million dry Mg will likely spill over into local pulpwood market and have a pronounced impact on pulpwood prices. The price effect could be more substantial if the pulp and paper industry expands production capacity significantly over the same period.
Neuroprotective Effect of Selective Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonist is Gender Specific and Linked to Reduced Neuronal Nitric Oxide

We have previously shown that treatment with selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist BRL 52537 hydrochloride [(±)-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) acetyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl) methylpiperidine] (1) has a long therapeutic window for providing ischemic neuroprotection and (2) attenuates ischemia-evoked nitric oxide (NO) production in vivo in rats. Neuronally derived NO has been shown to be deleterious in the male, but not in the female, rodent model of focal ischemic stroke. We sought to determine if the agent fails to protect ischemic brain when neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) is genetically deleted in male, but not female, mice. Halothane-anesthetized adult male and female nNOS null mutants (nNOS−/-) and the genetically matched wildtype (WT) strain were subjected to transient (2 h) middle cerebral artery occlusion by the intraluminal filament technique. Vehicle or BRL 52537 treatment with continuous intravenous infusion was instituted at the onset of reperfusion and continued for 22 h. In WT male mice, infarct volumes mea...
The Knowing In Playing

(1978). The Knowing In Playing. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 39-49.
Polychotomous kernel Fisher discriminant via top-down induction of binary tree

In spite of the popularity of Fisher discriminant analysis in the realm of feature extraction and pattern classification, it is beyond the capability of Fisher discriminant analysis to extract nonlinear structures from the data. That is where the kernel Fisher discriminant algorithm sets in the scenario of supervised learning. In this article, a new trail is blazed in developing innovative and effective algorithm for polychotomous kernel Fisher discriminant with the capability in estimating the posterior probabilities, which is exceedingly necessary and significant in solving complex nonlinear pattern recognition problems arising from the real world. Different from the conventional 'divide-and-combine' approaches to polychotomous classification problems, such as pairwise and one-versus-others, the method proposed herein synthesizes the multi-category classifier via the induction of top-to-down binary tree by means of kernelized group clustering algorithm. The deficiencies inherited in the conventional multi-category kernel Fisher discriminant are surmounted and the simulation on a benchmark image dataset demonstrates the superiority of the proposed approach.
Dynamic Server Assignment With Task-Dependent Server Synergy

We study tandem queueing systems with finite buffers in which servers work more efficiently in teams than on their own and the synergy among collaborating servers can be task-dependent. Our goal is to determine the dynamic server assignment policy that maximizes the long-run average throughput. When each server works with the same ability at each task that she/he is assigned to, we show that any nonidling policy where all servers work in teams of two or more at all times is optimal. On the other hand, when the server abilities are task-dependent, we show that for Markovian systems with two stations and two servers, depending on the synergy among the servers, the optimal policy either assigns the two servers to different stations when possible, or lets them work in a team at all times. Finally, for larger Markovian systems, we provide sufficient conditions that guarantee that the optimal policy has all servers working together at all times.
Effects of dynamic and static handgrip exercises on hand and wrist volume

It is not known how the mode of exercise, dynamic and static exercises, affects the limb volume. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate hand and wrist volume (HWV) after dynamic and static handgrip exercise. Nine healthy subjects (age 31.8 ± 7.3 years; height 172.0 ± 5.7 cm; body mass 66.9 ± 8.1 kg, mean ± SD) volunteered for this study. HWV was measured with a hand and wrist volumeter before and immediately after dynamic and static exercises. Initially during rest, HWV was measured after the hand was passively hung for 5 min. Handgrip exercises with an ergonomic hand exerciser were performed at 20% of maximum voluntary contraction in right and left hands by static and dynamic exercises, respectively. Both dynamic and static handgrip exercises consisted of six sets of 30-s contractions with 10-s rest intervals between exercise bouts. The dynamic handgrip exercise was performed by repetitive contraction and relaxation of the hand at a maximum frequency. In order to determine intensity of handgrip exercises, maximum isometric handgrip strength of the right and left hand was measured with a handgrip dynamometer. Data are presented as mean ± SD. After dynamic and static handgrip exercises, HWV increased significantly, and these increases represent 2.2 ± 0.7% (P < 0.001) and 1.4 ± 0.8% (P < 0.001) of resting HWV, respectively. The elevation of HWV after dynamic exercise was significantly higher than that after static exercise (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the higher HWV after dynamic exercise may be caused by higher increased interstitial fluid volume, capillary volume and venous volume in hand and wrist tissues.
Workshop — Quantifying qualitative data in mixed methods research in engineering education

This interactive pre-conference workshop builds on a workshop offered at FIE 2010 that provided an introduction to mixed methods research and the concept of mixing. The workshop aims to advance the use of mixed methods research in engineering education by delving into quantitizing as one strategy for mixing qualitative and quantitative data during the process of data analysis. Quantitizing refers to the process of assigning numerical values to qualitative data collected through interviews or through participant observation. A typology of different techniques for quantitizing will be shared along with examples from the engineering education research literature. Participants will have the opportunity to work in small groups to consider different strategies for quantitizing qualitative data they have collected and to develop examples of the different ways to mix or merge qualitative and quantitative data. The purposes and rationale for using this strategy will be discussed, along with consideration of the paradigmatic objections raised about data transformation.
Recombinant polymer-protein fusion: a promising approach towards efficient and targeted gene delivery.

Background Synthetic vectors such as polymers have the potential to reduce the safety problems associated with viral vectors; however, their low transfection efficiency limits their clinical utility. To study the critical steps involved in an efficient transgene expression, there is a need for creative approaches that allow a systematic correlation between gene carrier structure and properties necessary for successful gene transfer. Using recombinant techniques a prototype vector comprised of tandem repeating units fused to a targeting moiety was biosynthesized to mediate gene transfer in mammalian cell lines. The carrier was designed to have the structure of (KHKHKHKHKK)6-FGF2 where lysine (K) residues would allow complexation with plasmid DNA, basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) to target cells over-expressing FGF2 receptors (FGFR), and histidine (H) residues to facilitate escape from the endosomal compartments. Methods The gene carrier was biosynthesized in E. coli, purified using a Ni-NTA column, characterized, complexed with pDNA, and the complexes were used to transfect NIH 3T3, T-47D and COS-1 mammalian cell types known to express FGFR. Results Results demonstrate the successful cloning and expression of the gene carrier with over 95% purity. The molecular weight of the gene carrier was determined by MALDI-TOF to be 27 402. Amino acid content analysis and Western blot confirmed the expression of the gene carrier in E. coli. The vector was able to condense pDNA, induce cell proliferation in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, and mediate transgene expression in NIH 3T3, T-47D and COS-1 mammalian cell types. Conclusion Genetic engineering techniques show promise for systematic investigation of structure-activity relationships of non-viral gene delivery vectors. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple transport-active binding sites are available for a single substrate on human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1).

P-glycoprotein (Pgp, ABCB1) is an ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter that is associated with the development of multidrug resistance in cancer cells. Pgp transports a variety of chemically dissimilar amphipathic compounds using the energy from ATP hydrolysis. In the present study, to elucidate the binding sites on Pgp for substrates and modulators, we employed site-directed mutagenesis, cell- and membrane-based assays, molecular modeling and docking. We generated single, double and triple mutants with substitutions of the Y307, F343, Q725, F728, F978 and V982 residues at the proposed drug-binding site with cys in a cysless Pgp, and expressed them in insect and mammalian cells using a baculovirus expression system. All the mutant proteins were expressed at the cell surface to the same extent as the cysless wild-type Pgp. With substitution of three residues of the pocket (Y307, Q725 and V982) with cysteine in a cysless Pgp, QZ59S-SSS, cyclosporine A, tariquidar, valinomycin and FSBA lose the ability to inhibit the labeling of Pgp with a transport substrate, [125I]-Iodoarylazidoprazosin, indicating these drugs cannot bind at their primary binding sites. However, the drugs can modulate the ATP hydrolysis of the mutant Pgps, demonstrating that they bind at secondary sites. In addition, the transport of six fluorescent substrates in HeLa cells expressing triple mutant (Y307C/Q725C/V982C) Pgp is also not significantly altered, showing that substrates bound at secondary sites are still transported. The homology modeling of human Pgp and substrate and modulator docking studies support the biochemical and transport data. In aggregate, our results demonstrate that a large flexible pocket in the Pgp transmembrane domains is able to bind chemically diverse compounds. When residues of the primary drug-binding site are mutated, substrates and modulators bind to secondary sites on the transporter and more than one transport-active binding site is available for each substrate.