cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early spectral sensitivity changes in unilateral glaucoma

It is well known that alteration in color vision may precede other changes of visual function in glaucoma. Unilateral glaucoma patients in whom one eye is diagnosed as having primary open angle glaucoma and the fellow eye is diagnosed as normal may also show a color vision loss.
A Community Change Model for School Health Promotion

(1991). A Community Change Model for School Health Promotion. Journal of Health Education: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 94-110.
Regime Legacies and Variance in the Level of Democracy: Latin America, 1978-2004

In this paper we analyze the level of democracy achieved by 19 Latin American countries after 1977, in the period between the transitions from authoritarian rule and 2004. Our study shows enduring regime legacies: we create novel indicators to show that democratic and authoritarian trajectories are institutionalized through political parties. Despite authoritarian interruptions in the past, one of the best predictors of the current level of democracy is the country’s experience with competitive politics during the “first” (1900-44) and the “second” (1945-77) waves (and counter waves) of democratization. We document the impact of regime legacies using a fixed-effects vector decomposition model. Our finding modifies theoretical claims about “path dependence” in democratization and leads us to the concept of institutional reproduction as a the causal mechanism underpinning regime legacies.
Adaptive RF notch filtering using nonlinear optics

Summary form only given. In this paper, we present a novel method of achieving adaptive notch filtering using the photorefractive effect in conjunction with an acoustooptic deflector. The frequency of the interference can be unknown, and it does not even have to be temporally stable as long as it falls within the bandwidth of the device. We demonstrate experimentally that our device will achieve 40 dB interference cancellation in a completely adaptive way. >
Interlaced Controller-Observer Design for Adaptive Nonlinear Control

We present a new set of tools for adaptive output-feedback control of nonlinear systems. These tools interlace the design of the observer and parameter estimator with the design of the feedback control. The resulting adaptive controller avoids overparametrization and does not employ "nonlinear damping" terms.
RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS. A CLINICAL-PATHOLOGIC STUDY IN NORMOTENSIVE AND HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS.

Abstract Moderate or severe renal artery stenosis was found in 53 per cent of 295 unselected patients examined at necropsy; it was present in 49 per cent of 256 normotensive patients and in 77 per cent of thirty-nine hypertensive patients. Severe stenosis of the renal arteries was uncommon in normotensive patients less than fifty years of age; thereafter, the frequency increased with increasing age. Afferent arteriolar sclerosis of a moderate or severe degree was uncommon in normotensive patients less than sixty years old. The presence of atheromatous narrowing of the main renal arteries does not necessarily indicate a causal relationship to the presence of systemic hypertension.
Justice Scalia's "Renegade Jurisdiction": Lessons for Patent Law Review

Justice Scalia called the Eastern District of Texas ("EDTX") the "renegade jurisdiction." Critics label it the "rocket-docket" for patents. All blame it on the ills of patent litigation, demanding for national reform. This Article challenges the prevailing myths with an empirical quantitative study of more than 27,000 patent cases filed in the last decade and a qualitative study on patent forum shopping. This Article contends that the proposed venue reforms will not prevent litigants from shopping for a favorable forum in which to resolve patent litigations. This Article suggests that instead of the quick fixes vis-a-vis proposed venue reform legislation and the condemnation of the EDTX, the reformers should view the EDTX as part of the solution, a case study of how a district court has actively transformed itself into an accessible and knowledgeable court with strong expertise in solving patent disputes.
Transcriptome targets of the exosome complex in plants.

Abstract The exosome complex is endowed with the capabilities to conduct 3′‐end RNA processing, 3′‐end degradation, and surveillance of various RNA substrates. Although the exosome is present in both eukaryotes and archaea, where it plays a central role in cellular RNA metabolism, a substantial degree of variability exists in its modus operandi in the different domains of life. This chapter discusses features of the exosome in plants that distinguish it from the exosome in archaea, fungi, and animals, as well as reviews the resources and tools that are needed to identify and catalog plant exosome targets on a transcriptome‐wide scale.
Characterization of a genetically identifiable component of complement in mice

The hemolytic properties of the sera of complement positive and complement negative strains of mice were studied. The results suggested that the complement negative sera lacked an activity of complement analagous to C'1 which when present is called hc1. Certain physical and chemical properties of hc1 were examined. It was destroyed when serum was heated to 56°C, but was resistant to heating when slightly purified. Hc1 was still precipitable by specific antiserum after treatment with 8 molar urea, but was no longer hemolytically active. Neither the hemolytic nor precipitating activity of hc1 was altered by treatment with either 0.1 molar ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid or 0.1 molar 2-mercaptoethanol. Initial attempts made to purify hc1 are described.
A Lower Bound on the Capacity of Wireless Ad Hoc Networks with Cooperating Nodes

In this paper, we consider the effects on network capacity when the nodes of an ad hoc network are allowed to cooperate. These results are then compared to the theoretical upper bound on the capacity of an ad hoc network without cooperation. For our cooperative model, two or more nodes are grouped together to cooperatively transmit information from the source node to the destination node. Here the lower bound is presented without frequency reuse and it is found that node cooperation can only help improve network capacity as the number of nodes in cooperation increases. However, the results of our cooperative network model show that without frequency reuse, node cooperation could not out perform a peer-to-peer network with frequency reuse. Furthermore, the improvement of network capacity might not be worthwhile beyond two nodes cooperating together. The three-node cooperation yields minimum gain, if not negligible, compared to the two-node cooperation.
Fishing for Cancer

After protracted deliberations, the Environmental Protection Agency decided to dredge large quantities of sediment from the upper reach of the Hudson River in order to remove a small portion of the PCB's that came from two General Electric factories. They used these chemicals from the 1940s through the mid-1970s. The corporation will be required to pay for the clean up. The agency's administrators appointed by both Presidents Clinton and Bush as well as leading newspapers explained the decision to the public as required to protect the broad public from a significant risk to human health. This explanation is inconsistent with the agency's own highly precautionary health analysis. It concluded that there is no such risk. This essay seeks to understand why the agency decided as it did and why the public was misinformed.
Jinneography: Post-Soviet passages of traumatic exemplarity.

While Russia has historically and geographically close ties with Islam, the second most-practiced religion in its vast territories, the collapse of the USSR changed the terms of this relationship i...
Borrowing for College: A Comparison of Long-Term Debt Financing between Public and Private, Nonprofit Institutions of Higher Education†

Institutions of higher education provide an excellent opportunity to compare long-term debt financing in the nonprofit and public sectors. The proposed models explain the long-term debt per student at public and private-nonprofit research universities. Student enrollment, enrollment growth, total assets, and revenue variables as a group all influence debt levels. The strongest predictors of debt balances are the fixed characteristics of the universities themselves. Empirical evidence from the university sector also suggests the absence of a powerful arbitrage incentive to issue debt.
Physiological effects of temperature on turfgrass tolerance to amicarbazone.

BACKGROUND Amicarbazone effectively controls annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) in bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) with spring applications, but summer applications may excessively injure tall fescue. The objective of this research was to investigate physiological effects of temperature on amicarbazone efficacy, absorption, translocation and metabolism in annual bluegrass, bermudagrass and tall fescue. RESULTS At 25/20 °C (day/night), annual bluegrass absorbed 58 and 40% more foliar-applied amicarbazone than bermudagrass and tall fescue, respectively, after 72 h. Foliar absorption increased at 40/35 °C in all species, compared with 25/20 °C, and tall fescue had similar absorption to annual bluegrass at 40/35 °C. At 6 days after treatment, annual bluegrass metabolized 54% of foliar-applied amicarbazone, while bermudagrass and tall fescue metabolized 67 and 64% respectively. CONCLUSION Tall fescue is more tolerant to amicarbazone than annual bluegrass at moderate temperatures (≈25/20 °C) owing to less absorption and greater metabolism. However, tall fescue susceptibility to amicarbazone injury at high temperatures (40/35 °C) results from enhanced herbicide absorption compared with lower temperatures (25/20 °C). Bermudagrass is more tolerant to amicarbazone than annual bluegrass and tall fescue owing to less herbicide absorption, regardless of temperature. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Wet-dog shaking in the rat: possible involvement of a kappa opiate receptor.

Abstract Ketocyclazocine has been suggested as an agonist of an opiate receptor relatively insensitive to morphine and naloxone. Intraventricular injection of a low dose (2 nmol) of ketocyclazocine induced wet-dog shaking (WDS) in rats. This response was prevented by 10 mg/kg naloxone, but not 1 mg/kg. Wet-dog shaking has been previously reported following low doses of endorphins, but only high doses of morphine. The present results are consistent with the hypothesis that endorphin-induced WDS are mediated by a second class of opiate receptor.
Conflicts of interest in biomedical research— the FASEB guidelines

The rise in academia-industry relationships has been accompanied by increasing concerns about financial conflicts of interest. To date, policy recommendations addressing financial conflicts of interest have focused on the role of academic institutions in reviewing and overseeing investigator relationships with industry. However, investigators as a group determine the effectiveness of policies and practices. Therefore, there is a clear need for a consensus statement of standards for academia-industry interactions from the scientists' perspective. To meet that need, we propose conflict of interest guidelines for individual biomedical investigators to address the critical challenges faced when financial relationships with industry exist.
Application of a response model for mother-daughter agreement by race.

The extent to which the meanings of both questions and response options were the same between black and white families and across two generations was investigated in interviews with 374 white and 250 black mother-daughter dyads. The 13 dichotomous items in the questionnaire were focused on the source of knowledge about sexuality family communication patterns issues covered in discussions about sex and whether the adolescent daughter had ever had intercourse or was thought by her mother to be sexually experienced. The daughters were 14-17 year olds from Philadelphia Pennsylvania who were currently living with their biological mother. The data analysis was based on an item response model with an emphasis on how cross-group differences in intergenerational dissimilarity compromise intergroup comparisons. Response comparisons were compromised by the tendency of Whites and Blacks to differ in their cognitive location of phrases such as "just a few" for example. Overall however generational differences were constant by race and race differences in response were the same whether mothers or daughters were respondents. Notable was a tendency for black and white mothers to overemphasize (relative to their daughters) the occurrence of mother-daughter discussions on sex contraception and sexually transmitted diseases. The question with the greatest marginal dissimilarity showed the greatest within-household association and vice versa. Since generational effects are constant across race the independent responses of mothers and daughters in surveys of this type can be combined to yield a three-category ordinal scale (both agree one agrees neither agrees) to indicate the dyads position in terms of the conceptual variable underlying the item.
Adventures of a fluorine chemist at DuPont

Abstract Fluorine chemist William J. Middleton (Bill) describes his career at DuPont, including some of his discoveries, a few anecdotes and a little of his poetry.
Disposable microfluidic devices: fabrication, function, and application

This review article describes recent developments in microfluidics, with special emphasis on disposable plastic devices. Included is an overview of the common methods used in the fabrication of pol...
The impact of donor gender on cardiac peri-transplantation ischemia injury.

Background Cardiac allografts from female donors have been shown to be associated with increased risk of transplant vasculopathy. However, the influence of donor gender on peri-transplantation ischemic injury has not been evaluated. Methods A total of 361 patients (mean age, 52 ± 10 years) underwent cardiac transplantation between January 1998 and December 2002. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to their donor–recipient gender status: Group A, male–male, 156; Group B, male–female, 37; Group C, female–male, 114; and Group D, female–female, 54. Serial right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy specimens were evaluated for ischemic injury during the first 4 weeks after transplantation. Results Patients were similar in baseline characteristics. An increased incidence of ischemic injury complicated by fibrosis (12.9%, p = 0.03) and subsequent development of transplant vasculopathy (Kaplan-Meier 6-year freedom from vasculopathy, 53.4%; p = 0.012) was noted in Group D. No survival difference was observed among the 4 groups, however. In Group D (F–F), 2 patients underwent retransplantation and 2 patients underwent revascularization. Conclusions The transplantation of a female cardiac allograft into a female recipient is associated with increased risk of ischemic injury complicated by fibrosis and subsequent transplant vasculopathy.
Quantitative Orientation-Independent DIC Microscopy with High Speed Switching Shear Direction

The principal scheme of assembly for rapid changing the beam shear direction is described. Two beam-shearing assemblies were used in orientation-independent DIC microscope to obtain high fidelity phase (phase gradient) images at high NAs.
Fatigue failure mechanisms in polymer composites

Axial fatigue of two, commercial, talc-filled polypropylenes was studied. A significant result of our investigation was the identification and characterization of the failure mechanisms and the effects of frequency and hysteretic heating. Frequency was found to be important to the fatigue response of the polymers. At low frequency, fatigue failure appeared to be a process of crack initiation and growth with very little dissipative heating. At high frequency, the fatigue process was dominated by dissipative heating resulting in significant creep and modulus loss, and failure was much accelerated and due mainly to material softening and melting. Correlation of temperature rise with on-line energy loss in selected experiments enabled us to extract information from the fatigue process. The results provided some quantitative understanding of the different fatigue failure mechanisms at low and high frequencies.
The Development and Enhancement of Narrative Skills in a Preschool Classroom: Towards a Solution to Clinician-Client Mismatch

Three studies focused on the development and enhancement of narrative skills within a preschool classroom. The purpose of Study 1 was to collect local norms on narrative development. Fifty-two pres...
Quantitation of aspartate aminotransferase isoenzymes by immunologic methods: Use of antibodies directed against the mitochondrial isoenzyme

Mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (m-AST) was purified to homogeneity from human liver and used to prepare antisera in rabbits, and the antibodies were partially purified. Two convenient immuno-techniques were developed using these antibodies to estimate AST isoenzyme activity in human sera and tissue extracts: (i) A homogeneous immunoinhibition assay requires a 1-h incubation in the presence of anti-m-AST; residual soluble enzyme (s-AST) activity is then determined. Average coefficient of variation (CV) for this assay system was 9.6% for sera with residual s-AST within the normal range and 4.5% for specimens with elevated activities. A small portion (ca. 2%) of m-AST was not inhibited by this technique. (ii) An immunoprecipitation assay requires incubation of the specimen with antibody in the presence of polyethylene glycol; the mixture is then centrifuged, and supernatant s-AST is determined. Average CV for this assay was 6.4% at 22 U/l and 1.2% at 90 U/l of s-AST. Average CV for estimation of 140 U/l of m-AST was 3.6%. Precipitation of m-AST was complete at ≤ 500 U/l. The average contribution of m-AST to total activity in serum was 12% (2.0 ± 1.5 U/l). Isoenzyme patterns after cardiac surgery suggested that the appearance of m-AST in serum is delayed and that it does not merely follow the pattern of total AST activity.
Quantitative Mössbauer effect spectroscopy — Retained austenite in Fe-27 at.% Ni

The accuracy of the Fe5 7 Mossbauer effect as a quantitative analytical tool has been explored for the problem of determining the paramagnetic fraction in a two-phase, ferromagnetic and paramagnetic mixture. The potential for this tool as a technique for the determination of retained austenite in iron alloys led to the choice of Fe-27 at.% Ni as sample material. Standard powder specimens of known austenite concentration were studied using transmission Mossbauer spectroscopy and the austenite concentration determined with an accuracy rivaling currently used X-ray diffraction techniques. It is shown that when sample granularity is accounted for, it is sufficient to determine the total sample thickness (iron atoms/cm2) and the austenite peak resonance area to obtain accurate values of the austenite fraction. This eliminates the need to analyze the complex martensite Mossbauer spectrum in detail.
Inflammation in adult and neonatal stroke

This chapter will discuss the current knowledge of the contribution of systemic and local inflammation in acute and sub-chronic stages of experimental stroke in both the adult and neonate. It will review the role of specific cell types and interactions among blood cells, endothelium, glia, microglia, the extracellular matrix and neurons – cumulatively called "neurovascular unit" – in stroke induction and evolution. Intracellular inflammatory signaling pathways such as nuclear factor kappa beta and mitogen-activated protein kinases, and mediators produced by inflammatory cells such as cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species and arachidonic acid metabolites, as well as the modifying role of age on these mechanisms, will be reviewed as well as the potential for therapy in stroke and hypoxic-ischemic injury.
Mannitol Upregulates Monocyte HLA-DR, Monocyte and Neutrophil CD11b, and Inhibits Neutrophil Apoptosis

d-Mannitol is a substance widely used for both clinical applications as a strong diuretic and in basic research as a purportedly inert osmotic control substance. However, recent experiments have shown that mannitol is able to decrease neutrophil apoptosis in vitro by more than 25%. The aim of the current study was to assess mannitol’s effects on two immune cell activation markers; CD11b on neutrophils and monocytes, and HLA-DR on monocytes. Exposure of diluted whole blood (1:10 in RPMI 1640) to increasing concentrations of mannitol for 24 h was associated with a significant increase in both monocyte and neutrophil CD11b expression in non-lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated samples. Monocyte HLA-DR, but not neutrophil HLA-DR, was significantly higher in the presence of 16.5 mM/l mannitol, whereas isoosmolar NaCl had no effect. Levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were not affected by mannitol in our model. All reagents were tested negative for endotoxin contamination. Together, these data indicate that mannitol may directly interact with neutrophils and monocytes. Further systematic evaluation is indicated to define the precise immunomodulating actions of mannitol, and to assess these effects in patients receiving such therapy.
Age-associated Changes in Function, Structure and Mitochondrial Genetic and Enzymatic Abnormalities in the Fischer 344×Brown Norway F1Hybrid Rat Heart

We hypothesized that cardiac aging in the rat involves mitochondrial genetic damage and mitochondrial enzymatic dysfunction of individual cardiomyocytes as has been demonstrated previously only in primate myocardium. Myocardium from Fischer 344 x Brown Norway F(1)hybrid rats of ages 5, 18 and 36-38 months was examined for mitochondrial genetic and enzymatic abnormalities. In-vivo hemodynamic measurements revealed age-related changes of left ventricular function while histological evaluation demonstrated an increase in percent area fibrosis from 7%+/-5 in the 5-month-old hearts to 38%+/-2 in the subendocardium of the left ventricle of 38-month-old rats. Mitochondrial genomes lacking 8000 to 9000 bp of primary sequence were detected in tissue homogenates from right and left ventricular myocardium and the abundance of these deleted genomes increased with age. In-situ histochemical staining of serial cryomicrotome sections of myocardial tissue revealed individual cardiomyocytes displaying abnormal, primarily absent, activities of cytochrome c oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase. The area density of histochemically-abnormal cardiomyocytes increased from 0.05 per mm(2)to 0.3 per mm(2)between 5 and 36-38 months of age in the left ventricle, and they were localized primarily to the left ventricular subendocardium. The presence of age-related mitochondrial genetic and enzymatic abnormalities in the Fischer 344 x Brown Norway F(1)hybrid rat heart suggests the role of mitochondrial dysfunction, secondary to mtDNA mutations, in age-related cardiomyocyte loss and subsequent cardiac aging.
Update on the Management of Neuroendocrine Hepatic Metastases

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare and represent a diverse collection of malignancies that occur in many organ systems throughout the body, including the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Unfortunately, the majority of patients with NETs have hepatic metastases at the time of diagnosis. Although some patients may be asymptomatic, others have unusual clinical presentations and variable tumor growth patterns. Although many patients have long indolent courses, without treatment, most patients die within 5 years of diagnosis. This article reviews the care of patients with NETs and hepatic metastases, with emphasis on the increasingly important role of oncologic image-guided interventions.
Contrasting marine policies in the United States, Mexico, Cuba and the European Union: Searching for an integrated strategy for the Gulf of Mexico region

The three nations surrounding the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) are experiencing rapidly expanding populations and economic development. Problems associated with governing a transboundary body of water such as the GoM are becoming increasingly evident. Despite various attempts within each nation to establish more integrated ocean and coastal governance mechanisms within their own jurisdictions, there has been very little cooperation between the U.S., Mexico and Cuba in developing coordinated maritime policies for the GoM Region. After providing an overview of current marine policy initiatives in the three nations, a brief analysis of recent efforts by the European Union is presented. The paper contends that this European initiative may provide guidance for future integrated management policies in the GoM, but notes that progress depends on reducing legal and political obstacles to international collaboration in the Region.
Ultra-wideband communication system prototype using orthogonal frequency coded SAW correlators

This paper presents preliminary ultra-wideband (UWB) communication system results utilizing orthogonal frequency coded SAW correlators. Orthogonal frequency coding (OFC) and pseudo-noise (PN) coding provides a means for spread-spectrum UWB. The use of OFC spectrally spreads a PN sequence beyond that of CDMA; allowing for improved correlation gain. The transceiver approach is still very similar to that of the CDMA approach, but provides greater code diversity. Use of SAW correlators eliminates many of the costly components that are typically needed in the intermediate frequency (IF) section in the transmitter and receiver, and greatly reduces the signal processing requirements. Development and results of an experimental prototype system with center frequency of 250 MHz are presented. The prototype system is configured using modular RF components and benchtop pulse generator and frequency source. The SAW correlation filters used in the test setup were designed using 7 chip frequencies within the transducer. The fractional bandwidth of approximately 29% was implemented to exceed the defined UWB specification. Discussion of the filter design and results are presented and are compared with packaged device measurements. A prototype UWB system using OFC SAW correlators is demonstrated in wired and wireless configurations. OFC-coded SAW filters are used for generation of a transmitted spreadspectrum UWB and matched filter correlated reception. Autocorrelation and cross-correlation system outputs are compared. The results demonstrate the feasibility of UWB SAW correlators for use in UWB communication transceivers.
Black and White Viewers' Perception and Recall of Occupational Characters on Television

The A. examines the differences in how Black and White viewers process messages based on the race of television characters representing five occupations. Black and White male viewers were exposed to either five Black or five White male television characters representing five different occupations (i.e., lawyer, doctor, professor, engineer, and business student). Findings from eighty one male Black and White college students suggest that Black viewers have better recall of Black occupational characters on television than they do White occupational characters on television. Unexpectedly, the results show evidence that both Black and White viewers' perceptions of occupational characters were positively affected by the race of the Black character. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.
The New England Soul: Preaching and Religious Culture in Colonial New England

Foreword Preface Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction I. Invention, 1620-1665 1. The Institutional Setting of the Sermon 2. Regular Preaching and the Sequence of Salvation 3. "Sion's Out-Casts" II. Arrangement, 1666-1700 4. Days of Trouble and Thankful Remembrances 5. Returning Unto God: The Conversion of the Children 6. Perpetuating the Covenant in Uncertain Times: The Sermon at Century's End III. Style, 1701-1730 7. Anglicization 8. Regular Preaching and the New Pietism 9. Israel's Constitution IV Delivery, 1731-1763 10. Awakening 11. A New Balance 12. War V. Memory, 1764-1776 13. Trust in God 14. A Nation Born at Once Epilogue Notes Index
Studies into the thermodynamic origin of negative cooperativity in ion-pairing molecular recognition.

The association of synthetic receptors to target guests often proceeds through the cooperative action of multiple binding forces. An investigation into the thermodynamic origin of cooperativity in ion-pairing host−guest binding in water is described. The binding affinities of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate, tricarballate, glutarate, and acetate to a C3v symmetric metallo-host (1) are characterized in terms of the binding constants (Ka) and the thermodynamic parameters ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°, as determined by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). These values are used to determine the individual contributions of the binding interaction to the overall binding. Several ways to view the combination of the individual binding events that make up the whole are analyzed, all of which lead to the conclusion of negative cooperativity. Combined, the data were used to evaluate the thermodynamic origin of negative cooperativity for this series of guests, revealing that entropy is the largest contributing factor. An inter...
Active Microring Resonator Devices in Silicon-on-Insulator

Recent results from several laboratories are surveyed. The topics include SOI-based ultrafast electrooptical modulators, NtimesN routing switches, tunable filters-and-add/drops, Raman lasers and amplifiers, electrically pumped group IV lasers, optically pumped Er:SiO2-overclad slotted rings, and a variety of nonlinear optical devices
Analysis of solid renal dysplasia by flow cytometry: malignant potential?

Abstract Renal nodular blastema/nephroblastomatosis is a recognized precursor of Wilms tumor. It also has been shown that nodular renal blastemata are seen in association with dysplastic renal parenchyma secondary to obstructive uropathy (i.e., ureteroceles or ectopic ureters). In an attempt to improve our understanding of the critical relationship between renal dysplasia and neoplasia, we performed flow cytometric evaluation on 16 paraffinembedded specimens of dysplastic kidneys removed during the period 1984–1989. All nephrectomy specimens were associated with obstruction, either duplex collecting systems (10), ectopic ureters (2) or posterior urethral valves (2), or vesicoureteral reflux (2). One specimen was found to contain nodular renal blastema. No evidence of malignancy was found in any specimen. A specimen of normal kidney and two of Wilms tumor (favorable histology) were studied for comparison. Nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ploidy studies were performed on single dissociated nuclei after deparaffinization and staining with propidium iodide. All dysplastic specimens, including the specimen with nodular renal blastema, demonstrated a diploid pattern of DNA as did the specimens of normal renal tissue. The Wilms tumor specimens demonstrated a diploid and a tetraploid pattern. In view of the fact that Wilms tumor may demonstrate diploid DNA patterns on flow cytometry, the findings of diploid patterns on all specimens of solid dysplasia militate against but do not eliminate the possibility of malignant degeneration.
A Computer-Based Education Intervention to Enhance Surrogates’ Informed Consent for Genomics Research

Background Many research studies conducted today in critical care have a genomics component. Patients' surrogates asked to authorize participation in genomics research for a loved one in the intensive care unit may not be prepared to make informed decisions about a patient's participation in the research. Objectives To examine the effectiveness of a new, computer-based education module on surrogates' understanding of the process of informed consent for genomics research. Methods A pilot study was conducted with visitors in the waiting rooms of 2 intensive care units in a Midwestern tertiary care medical center. Visitors were randomly assigned to the experimental (education module plus a sample genomics consent form; n = 65) or the control (sample genomics consent form only; n = 69) group. Participants later completed a test on informed genomics consent. Results Understanding the process of informed consent was greater (P = .001) in the experimental group than in the control group. Specifically, compared with the control group, the experimental group had a greater understanding of 8 of 13 elements of informed consent: intended benefits of research (P = .02), definition of surrogate consenter (P= .001), withdrawal from the study (P = .001), explanation of risk (P = .002), purpose of the institutional review board (P = .001), definition of substituted judgment (P = .03), compensation for harm (P = .001), and alternative treatments (P = .004). Conclusions Computer-based education modules may be an important addition to conventional approaches for obtaining informed consent in the intensive care unit. Preparing patients' family members who may consider serving as surrogate consenters is critical to facilitating genomics research in critical care.
GLOBAL UNIQUENESS AND LIPSCHITZ STABILITY OF RESIDUAL STRESS FROM ONE BOUNDARY MEASUREMENT

In this paper, we consider an elasticity system with residual stress. We are interested in recovery of the residual stress from one boundary measurement. We obtain uniqueness and the (best possible) Lipschitz stability results without any smallness assumption.
Subjective Effects of Several Stress Management Strategies: With Reference to Attention

This study assessed variations in reported attentional experience associated with several stress management techniques (hypnosis, progressive relaxation, deep abdominal breathing) and baseline (eyes closed) as a function of hypnotic susceptibility. Three hundred nursing students experienced the stress management conditions and afterward completed a self-report inventory, the Dimensions of Attention Questionnaire (DAQ), in reference to each condition. The DAQ quantifies 12 aspects of attentional experience in a reliable and valid manner. The results demonstrated that progressive relaxation, hypnosis, and deep abdominal breathing are characterized by differences in reported attentional experience that are further moderated by an individual's hypnotic susceptibility. The clinical implications of these results are discussed.
Cardiac hypertrophy due to chronic audiogenic stress in the rat, Rattus norvegicus albinus, and rabbit, Lepus cuniculus.

Abstract 1. 1. The effects of chronic intermittent noise stress on the body weight and the weight of the ventricles, adrenal glands, kidneys, and ovaries of the rat, Rattus norvegicus albinus , and the rabbit, Lepus cuniculus , were studied. A young group and an older group of animals of each species was compared throughout the study. 2. 2. The ventricles of both species were found to be hypertrophied significantly at the end of 3 weeks of stress. 3. 3. Body and other organ weights were slightly decreased, with the exception of the adrenals and kidneys of the older rats which were increased.
Ethnicity in Globalization: The Return of the Panama Canal, the Hong Kong Handover, and the Refashioning of Chineseness

Lok Siu is Assistant Professor in the Departments of Anthropology and Social and Cultural Analysis at New York University. Her research has been published in various journals and edited volumes. He...
Sequential linear goal programming: implementation via MPSX/307E

Abstract This note shows how one can solve linear goal programming problems using a preemptive priority structure in a very efficient manner. In particular, the entire sequence of computational steps needed can easily be incorporated in MPSX/370E's control program. The procedure does not require the user to interface a FORTRAN program to the user's MPSX/370 program as previous studies have suggested.
Presence of companion moderates arousal of monkeys with restricted social experience

Squirrel monkeys were reared on inanimate maternal surrogates in individual cages. The surrogates were removed at 8 months, and at approximately 1 year of age each animal was paired with a similarly-reared peer for 4 weeks prior to testing. When placed in a novel environment for 30 min, the juveniles emitted significantly more high-pitched vocalizations and were significantly more active when tested alone than they were when tested in the presence of their cagemates. A significant elevation of plasma cortisol over resting levels was observed only when animals were exposed to the novel environment alone. Separation from the peer in familiar surroundings had no effect on any measure. These results indicate that the capacity to use social partners to moderate arousal can develop in squirrel monkeys raised from shortly after birth without a mother or physical interaction with other conspecifics, and with relatively little social experience overall.
Aspergillosis: A disease with many faces

Aspergillus causes a variety of pulmonary diseases. For the most part, they can be divided into three groups: mycetoma, invasive aspergillosis, and allergic forms of aspergillosis. The mycetoma form of aspergillosis has no effective treatment other than surgery, which is reserved for the severely symptomatic patient, usually with massive hemoptysis. Invasive aspergillosis is a dangerous pulmonary infection seen in patients who are generally severely immunocompromised. It is treated with amphotericin B and success in treatment of this form of aspergillosis is limited. Two of the allergic forms of Aspergillus infection, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and bronchocentric granulomatosis, are treated with steroids. The third allergic type of reaction, hypersensitivity lung, is best treated by removal of the patient from exposure to the antigen. Although these are the characteristic forms of aspergillosis, there is occasional overlap of the different types of aspergillosis.
Influence of Discharge Parameters on the Resultant Sputtered Crater Shapes for a Radio Frequency Glow Discharge Atomic Emission Source

A parametric study has been conducted on a radio frequency glow discharge atomic emission spectrometry (rf-GD-AES) source to evaluate the sputtering characteristics and resultant crater shapes for both metallic and nonconducting samples. These studies include a determination of how the operating parameters, namely, power and pressure, influence the sputtered crater's depth, the degree of convexity and/or concavity, and the crater bottom roughness. The results imply that many similarities exist between the rf mode of powering and the well-characterized dc powered devices. Some differences are noted, namely, differing crater shapes at low operating pressures and a lesser dependence of crater flatness on the applied voltage, i.e., dc-bias voltage. A new method of quantifying the degree of concavity/convexity is introduced which involves comparison of the calculated (ideal) cross-sectional area to the resultant crater area as measured by a diamond stylus profilometer. The studies indicate that the rf-GD is well suited for depth-resolved analysis under correctly chosen operating conditions, which fortuitously correspond to those used for optimum bulk elemental analyses.
Educators' Perceptions in Addressing Bullying of LGBTQ/Gender Nonconforming Youth

This study investigated bullying behaviors and how experienced educators report their perceptions of seriousness, their likelihood to intervene, and their level of empathy when victims are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning (LGBTQ) or gender nonconforming (GN) youth. Educators were surveyed regarding their perceptions of bullying behaviors, rating bullying of LGBTQ/GN or non-LGBTQ/GN youth. Three two-way ANOVAs investigating the main effects and interaction of group membership (LGBTQ/GN and non-LGBTQ/GN) and type of bullying (verbal, physical, and relational) upon educators' perceived seriousness, likelihood to intervene, and level of empathy toward victims. A significant interaction was detected regarding group membership and physical bullying regarding all three dependent variables, with educators rating physical bullying of LGBTQ/GN youth as slightly less serious, having less empathy, and less likely to intervene in those situations compared to verbal and relational bullying. Strengths, l...
Summertime Moisture Transport to the Southern South American Altiplano: Constraints from In Situ Measurements of Water Vapor Isotopic Composition

AbstractAustral summer transport of water vapor to the southern South American Altiplano is investigated using in situ measurements of water vapor isotopic composition collected from 1 November 2012 to 10 February 2013 on the Chajnantor Plateau in the Chilean Andes. Onset of the wet season in December was associated with an increase in mixing ratios from an average of 1500 ppmv during the winter dry season to 5400 ppmv in early December. Water vapor isotopes δD and δ18O increased from dry season averages of −235‰ and −31‰, respectively, to wet season averages of −142‰ and −17‰, reaching as high as −70‰ and −17‰, respectively. The highest water vapor δ values were close to those measured in coastal settings, suggesting little condensation during transport to the site. About 5% of the wet season data have δ values that are lower than expected for Rayleigh distillation and are associated with high relative humidity (>75%), easterly winds, and periods of low outgoing longwave radiation over the Altiplano, con...
A busy professor's guide to sanely flipping your classroom

This paper describes the use of the flipped classroom approach for an Introduction to Electromagnetics course. Video lectures were created on a tablet PC, and uploaded to YouTube. Students watched the videos before coming to class. Class time was used for problem solving strategy (using homework as the problems) and engineering applications of the concepts. Student satisfaction scores (course evaluations) rose significantly, and preliminary data show test scores have also risen.
Mutations in the R1α Regulatory Subunit of Protein Kinase A Cause Familial Cardiac Myxomas

Cardiac myxomas arise from primitive pluripotent mesenchymal cells within the subendocardium. In autosomal dominant Carney complex, intracardiac myxomas develop in the setting of lentiginosis and endocrinopathy. We previously localized the Carney complex gene defect to human chromosome 17q24. We now demonstrate that mutations in the chromosome 17 PRKAR1α gene encoding …
The effect of the glass transition temperature on the toughness of photopolymerizable (meth)acrylate networks under physiological conditions

Abstract The purpose of this study is to evaluate how the toughness of photopolymerizable (meth)acrylate networks is influenced by physiological conditions. By utilizing two ternary (meth)acrylate networks, MA-co-MMA-co-PEGDMA and 2HEMA-co-BMA-co-PEGDMA, relationships between glass transition temperature ( T g ), water content and state, and toughness were studied by varying the weight ratio of the linear monomers (MA to MMA or 2HEMA to BMA). Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were performed to evaluate the thermal behavior and water content as a function of either MA or 2HEMA concentration while tensile strain-to-failure tests were performed at 37 °C to determine network toughness. Both networks exhibited a maximum in toughness in PBS in the composition corresponding to a T g close to the testing temperature. This toughness maximum was achieved by adjusting the glass transition temperature and/or hydrophilicity through changes in chemistry. These relationships may be utilized to design tough photopolymerizable networks for use in mechanically rigorous biomedical applications.
Self-Care Responses to Illness of Patients with Various Cancer Diagnoses

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-care responses and variables concerning health status, disease and treatment, socioeconomic resources, demographic characteristics, and health beliefs in a heterogeneous sample of 227 cancer patients referred to home care. Data were collected prior to discharge from the hospital using the OARS Functional Assessment Questionnaire, the Karnofsky Performance Status, the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale, and the Preference for Participation in Care Tool. The results indicated that the variables related to health status, disease and treatment were highly correlated with self-care behavior (SCB), and to a lower extent to self-care preference (SCP). Karnofsky performance status, cancer-related impairments, perceived physical health, and stage of disease were identified as significant predictors of SCB explaining 57% of the variance. Age, gender, education, live-in resources, and perceived mental health were dominant predictors o...
Specific labelling of putrescine dihydrochloride by heterogeneous hydrogenation with deuterium or tritium gas in dimethyl sulfoxide

A series of putrescine dihydrochlorides specifically labelled at the 2 and 3 positions have been prepared by hydrogenation of olefinic and acetylenic precursors with deuterium or tritium gas. The olefinic precursor was synthesized by a modification of the Deiepine reaction, and the acetylenic compound in a new, high-yielding (85%), chemoselective manner. Hydrogenation of the dihydrochloride salts of the precursors was conducted under an atmosphere of T2 or D2 gas, in the presence of Pd-C catalyst, with DMSO as solvent. Features of this experimental design were that labelling was the final synthetic step, and that removal of the solvent after hydrogenation yielded a pure, crystalline product. 1H, 2H and 3H NMR spectra of the products were recorded immediately after their labelling, and the level of incorporation and positions of the stable and radioactive hydrogens were determined.
Towards Autonomic Business Activity Management

Business activities can be highly complicated and dynamic. This complexity lies in the number of activities and organization, and many business relationships between the things that make up a business activity and its business environment. The dynamism of business activities comes from the needs of continuously measuring, monitoring, controlling and improving business activities. The systems providing this type of functions and services are coined as Business Activity Management (BAM) systems. A BAM system enables an enterprise to respond to emerging problems at right time. Right time does not equal to real time though, in many cases, real-timeliness is one of the requirements. Traditional techniques for building BAM systems are proven to be inadequate in dealing with the aforementioned complexity. It is not uncommon for some minor perturbation in some remote corner of the system to have unforeseen, and at times catastrophic, global repercussions. In addition to being fragile, many situations arising from the extreme dynamism of these systems require manual intervention to keep distributed applications functioning correctly. In our opinion, BAM systems should possess the characteristics of confronting the high degree of complexity and enabling the construction of robust, configurable, scalable, self-organizing and self-managing distributed systems.