cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the asymptotic minimum transporting energy and its implication on the wireless network capacity

In this paper we study the asymptotic minimum energy (which is defined as the minimum transporting energy) required to transport (via multiple hops) data packets from a source to a destination. Under the assumptions that nodes are distributed according to a Poisson point process with node density n in a unit-area square and the distance between a source and a destination is of constant order, we prove that the minimum transporting energy is Theta(n (1-alpha)/2) with probability approaching one as the node density goes to infinity, where alpha is the path loss exponent. We demonstrate use of the derived results to obtain the bounds of the capacity of wireless networks that operate in UWB. In particular, we prove the transport capacity of UWB-operated networks is Theta(n (alpha-1)/2) with high probability. We also carry out simulations to validate the derived results and to estimate the constant factor associated with the bounds on the minimum energy. The simulation results indicate that the constant associated with the minimum energy converges to the source-destination distance.
Effects of three stressors on vegetation in an oligohaline marsh

Summary 1. When multiple stressors have interactive effects they can lead to important changes in ecosystem function. We examined how three stressors affected the plant community in an oligohaline marsh in southeastern Louisiana, U.S.A. These stressors included herbivory (mostly by the introduced rodent Myocastor coypus), disturbance (herbicide application) and nutrient enrichment (three levels of N–P–K fertilizer). Sampling was conducted six times over 4 years. 2. Recovery after disturbance was slow, such that after 26 months biomass in disturbed plots was 36% that of controls. Slow recovery appeared to be due to herbivory, as exclusion of herbivores for 14 months led to much more biomass compared to non-excluded plots. Exclusion did not, however, aid recovery of species richness; this recovery required 51 months in total. 3. Nutrient enrichment increased biomass by 41% and decreased species richness by c. 20% in later sampling periods. Decreased species richness was due primarily to a reduced ability of dominant species to co-exist (as determined with Hill’s diversity number N1). Nutrient enrichment did not interact with the other treatments. 4. Disturbance favoured two grasses (Echinochloa crus-galli and Leptochloa fascicularis), while lack of disturbance favoured two herbs (Sagittaria lancifolia and Polygonum punctatum) and two vines (Ipomoea sagittata and Cuscuta pentagona). Nutrient enrichment positively affected abundance of two species (C. pentagona and L. fascicularis). Herbivory did not affect species composition. 5. The effect of one stressor (experimental disturbance) on plant biomass depended on the strength of another stressor (herbivory). Nutrient enrichment was also important in affecting the plant community, but only as a single stressor. All effects changed over time, and it was clear that to understand properly the effects of multiple stressors, long-term, manipulative field experiments are necessary.
Assessment of mild dementia with amyloid and dopamine terminal positron emission tomography

We assessed the relationship between consensus clinical diagnostic classification and neurochemical positron emission tomography imaging of striatal vesicular monoamine transporters and cerebrocortical deposition of aβ-amyloid in mild dementia. Seventy-five subjects with mild dementia (Mini-Mental State Examination score ≥ 18) underwent a conventional clinical evaluation followed by 11C-dihydrotetrabenazine positron emission tomography imaging of striatal vesicular monoamine transporters and 11C-Pittsburgh compound-B positron emission tomography imaging of cerebrocortical aβ-amyloid deposition. Clinical classifications were assigned by consensus of an experienced clinician panel. Neuroimaging classifications were assigned as Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia or dementia with Lewy bodies on the basis of the combined 11C-dihydrotetrabenazine and 11C-Pittsburgh compound-B results. Thirty-six subjects were classified clinically as having Alzheimer’s disease, 25 as having frontotemporal dementia and 14 as having dementia with Lewy bodies. Forty-seven subjects were classified by positron emission tomography neuroimaging as having Alzheimer’s disease, 15 as having dementia with Lewy bodies and 13 as having frontotemporal dementia. There was only moderate agreement between clinical consensus and neuroimaging classifications across all dementia subtypes, with discordant classifications in ∼35% of subjects (Cohen’s κ = 0.39). Discordant classifications were least frequent in clinical consensus Alzheimer’s disease (17%), followed by dementia with Lewy bodies (29%) and were most common in frontotemporal dementia (64%). Accurate clinical classification of mild neurodegenerative dementia is challenging. Though additional post-mortem correlations are required, positron emission tomography imaging likely distinguishes subgroups corresponding to neurochemically defined pathologies. Use of these positron emission tomography imaging methods may augment clinical classifications and allow selection of more uniform subject groups in disease-modifying therapeutic trials and other prospective research involving subjects in the early stages of dementia. * Abbreviations : APOE4 : apolipoprotein e 4 allele DVR : distribution volume ratio PiB : Pittsburgh compound B
Physical Characterization of Photosensitive Polyimide

Polyimides prepared from oxydiphthalic anhydride and diamine precursors can be photosensitive. The thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties of the polyimide films have been characterized with various techniques. The thermal decomposition temperature of the cured film is 520 °C, and the coefficient of thermal expansion is 20 × 10−6/°C. The polymer chemistry and processing conditions result in a low stress (<26 MPa) in the polyimide film as measured in situ during the curing and cooling cycles. Pads of 6 fum were patterned through the photosensitive polyimide at a sensitivity of 110 mJ/cm2 to i-line wavelength. The polyimide films exhibit anisotropy with an in-plane refractive index of 1.74 and an oul-of-plane index of 1.62 measured at 632.8 nm wavelength. This indicates a preferred orientation of polymer chains in the film plane. The estimated dielectric anisotropy should be considered a major factor for device design and optimization.
MN antigen expression in normal, preneoplastic, and neoplastic esophagus: a clinicopathological study of a new cancer-associated biomarker.

Recently, a novel tumor-associated protein, termed MN, has been described in carcinomas of the uterine cervix, where its expression has been shown to be associated with malignant transformation. Because malignant transformation in the esophagus develops through a dysplasia-carcinoma sequence similar to that which occurs in the cervix, this study was performed to evaluate MN expression in normal, preneoplastic, and neoplastic tissues of the esophagus. Esophageal tumor resection specimens from 27 patients (12 squamous cell carcinomas, one multifocal squamous dysplasia, 10 Barrett's-associated adenocarcinomas, two Barrett's esophagus with dysplasia, two adenosquamous carcinomas) were immunohistochemically stained with a monoclonal antibody (clone M75) directed against the MN antigen. The localization of MN antigen, as well as the proportion of positively stained cells, were determined in sections of normal, dysplastic, and carcinomatous tissues. The staining characteristics were correlated with the pathological features of the tumors. Weak intracellular MN expression was detected only in the basal cells of normal squamous epithelium. However, inflamed and reactive squamous epithelium showed increased staining in the basal layer and in the overlying mature squamous cells. MN expression was significantly increased in dysplastic squamous epithelium (P < .001). All esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (100%) stained positively for MN antigen, where the pattern of staining was predominantly membranous. However, the degree of MN staining did not correlate with any of the pathological features of the tumors. In Barrett's epithelium, MN stained positively in all types of metaplastic cells and showed no difference in dysplastic epithelium. In contrast to squamous cell carcinomas, only 80% of esophageal adenocarcinomas were positive for MN, but the degree of MN expression was inversely correlated with histological tumor differentiation (P < .015). The results of this study suggest that (1) the tumor-associated MN antigen may play a role in proliferation and regeneration in esophageal squamous epithelium, and (2) loss of MN expression may be related to cancer progression in Barrett's-associated adenocarcinomas.
Regulation of Synapse Structure and Function by the Drosophila Tumor Suppressor Gene dlg

Mutations of the tumor suppressor gene discs-large (dlg) lead to postsynaptic structural defects. Here, we report that mutations in dlg also result in larger synaptic currents at fly neuromuscular junctions. By selectively targeting DLG protein to either muscles or motorneurons using Gal-4 enhancer trap lines, we were able to rescue substantially the reduced postsynaptic structure in mutants. Rescue of the physiological defect was accomplished by presynaptic, but not postsynaptic targeting, consistent with our finding that miniature excitatory junctional currents were not changed in dlg mutants. These results suggest that DLG functions in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and postsynaptic structure. We propose that DLG is an integral part of a mechanism by which changes in both neurotransmitter release and synapse structure are accomplished during development and plasticity.
AN ETIOLOGIC CONSIDERATION OF DONOVANIA GRANULOMATIS CULTIVATED FROM GRANULOMA INGUINALE (THREE CASES) IN EMBRYONIC YOLK

1. A microorganism identical with that originally described by Anderson has been cultivated in pure strain from two additional cases of granuloma inguinale by means of inoculating the yolk of chick embryos with uncontaminated human tissue containing Donovan bodies. 2. The morphological and cultural characteristics of the three isolated strains are described and discussed. 3. This microorganism has been cultivated in vitro only in media containing embryonic yolk. It failed to grow on any of a variety of artificial media. 4. It has not proved to be pathogenic for common experimental animals. 5. The Donovan body is reproduced in the epithelial cells of the yolk sac and in the yolk. The microorganism evidently reproduces both extracellularly and intracellularly. 6. The microorganism produces in culture antigens that elicit immune reactions in the skin and serum of granuloma inguinale patients. 7. This microorganism is judged to be a bacterium and the etiological agent of granuloma inguinale. 8. It is proposed that these strains of the bacterium be the type of a new genus, Donovania, in recognition of Donovan's original description of the pathognomonic bodies of granuloma inguinale; and that the specific name granulomatis be applied to designate its relationship to the characteristic lesion of the disease.
Self Diffusion and Rotational Relaxation in Liquids and Electrolytic solutions

Current theories of rotational correlation times in liquids are discussed and examples of the application of the quasilattice random flight model to several polar and nonpolar liquids and electrolytic solutions are given. Es werden die gegenwartigen Theorien der Rotationskorrelationszeiten in Flussigkeiten behandelt und Beispiele fur die Anwendung des “quasilattice random flight”-Modells auf einige polare und unpolare Flussigkeiten sowie Elektrolytlosungen gegeben.
Hemorrhagic Necrosis of the Central Nervous System A Spontaneous Disease of Fetal Hamsters

During studies of transplacental virus infections in random bred hamsters purchased with timed pregnancies from three commercial dealers, spontaneous hemorrhagic necrosis of the central nervous system was seen in fetuses harvested near term. Ninety-seven pregnant hamsters from three colonies were examined during a 6-month period; this condition was seen in 25 of 41, 19 of 36, and five of 20 litters. Hamsters from another commercial colony were received, housed, and fed under the same conditions, but remained free of the disease. The pathological process was characterized by multiple spreading zones of edema, malacia, and hemorrhage. Lesions were restricted to neural tissues, including the retina and internal ear. Neuroepithelial proliferation with rosette formation, accompanying the destructive process, constituted a striking reparative response. No inflammatory reaction or cytopathic effects suggestive of virus-induced disease were seen. Studies on the cause of this condition were negative at the time when the disease disappeared spontaneously.
Assessing the associative deficit of older adults in long-term and short-term/working memory.

Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on August 27, 2012).
Differences Among Cardiologists in Rates of Positive Coronary Angiograms

Background Understanding the sources of variation for high‐cost services has the potential to improve both patient outcomes and value in health care delivery. Nationally, the overall diagnostic yield of coronary angiography is relatively low, suggesting overutilization. Understanding how individual cardiologists request catheterization may suggest opportunities for improving quality and value. We aimed to assess and explain variation in positive angiograms among referring cardiologists. Methods and Results We identified all cases of diagnostic coronary angiography at Massachusetts General Hospital from January 1, 2012, to June 30, 2013. We excluded angiograms for acute coronary syndrome. For each angiogram, we identified clinical features of the patients and characteristics of the requesting cardiologists. We also identified angiogram positivity, defined as at least 1 epicardial coronary stenosis ≥50% luminal narrowing. We then constructed a series of mixed‐effects logistic regression models to analyze predictors of positive coronary angiograms. We assessed variation by physician in the models with median odds ratios. Over this time period, 5015 angiograms were identified. We excluded angiograms ordered by cardiologists requesting <10 angiograms. Among the remaining 2925 angiograms, 1450 (49.6%) were positive. Significant predictors of positive angiograms included age, male patients, and peripheral arterial disease. After adjustment for clinical variables only, the median odds ratio was 1.23 (95% CI 1.0–1.36), consistent with only borderline clinical variation after adjustment. In the full clinical and nonclinical model, the median odds ratio was 1.07 (95% CI 1.07–1.20), also consistent with clinically insignificant variation. Conclusions Substantial variation exists among requesting cardiologists with respect to positive and negative coronary angiograms. After adjustment for clinical variables, there was only borderline clinically significant variation. These results emphasize the importance of risk adjustment in reporting related to quality and value.
KĚZÎB and the classical translations

The majority of the classical translations (Vulgata, Peshita, Targum Neophyti, Targum Pseudo-Yonatan, the Fragment Targumim) render the nomen loci כזיב in Gen 38:5 with a noun or verb meaning "cessation, cease". As (1) this cannot be the actual meaning of the toponym and (2) this meaning for the Hebrew root is only denotational in one context which does not apply here, all these renderings (the two non-Jewish early versions as well as the Targumim in question) are necessarily traceable to a single "Old Jewish Derash". Several other cases of the use of the consonantal configuration kzb in toponomy or anthroponomy are examined to determine whether their use is one of auctorial intention or of later midrashic understanding.
Plasma Levels of Endothelial Microparticles Bearing Monomeric C-reactive Protein are Increased in Peripheral Artery Disease

C-reactive protein (CRP) as an indicator of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has shown limited sensitivity. We demonstrate that two isoforms of CRP (pentameric, pCRP and monomeric, mCRP) present in soluble form or on microparticles (MPs) have different biological effects and are not all measured by clinical CRP assays. The high-sensitivity CRP assay (hsCRP) did not measure pCRP or mCRP on MPs, whereas flow cytometry did. MPs derived from endothelial cells, particularly those bearing mCRP, were elevated in peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients compared to controls. The numbers of mCRP(+) endothelial MPs did not correlate with hsCRP measurements of soluble pCRP, indicating their independent modulation. In controls, statins lowered mCRP(+) endothelial MPs. In a model of vascular inflammation, mCRP induced endothelial shedding of MPs and was proinflammatory, while pCRP was anti-inflammatory. mCRP on endothelial MPs may be both an unmeasured indicator of, and an amplifier of, vascular disease, and its detection might improve risk sensitivity.
Modified Becke-Johnson exchange potential: improved modeling of lead halides for solar cell applications

We report first-principles calculations, within density functional theory, on the lead halide compounds PbCl 2 , PbBr 2 , and CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3−x Clx, taking into account spin-orbit coupling. We show that, when the modified Becke-Johnson exchange potential is used with a suitable choice of defining parameters, excellent agreement between calculations and experiment is obtained. The computational model is then used to study the effect of replacing the methylammonium cation in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 and CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 with either N 2 H 5 + or N 2 H 3 + , which have slightly smaller ionic radii than methylammonium. We predict that a considerable downshift in the values of the band gaps occurs with this replacement. The resulting compounds would extend optical absorption down to the near-infrared region, creating excellent light harvesters for solar cells.
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis diagnosed by effusion cytology: A case report

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare lung disease traditionally affecting women during their childbearing years. It can be sporadic or be associated with tuberous sclerosis syndrome. It is usually manifested in the lungs, kidneys, and/or lymphatic system. It consists of an overgrowth of abnormal smooth muscle-like cells, usually along the bronchovascular structures, resulting in the formation of cysts and the destruction of the lung parenchyma. We present the case of a 43-year-old woman with a history of pleural effusion and dyspnea. A computed tomographic scan revealed a mediastinal mass, chylothorax, and multiple pulmonary cysts. A diagnosis of LAM was rendered on a pleural fluid sample.
Heteroaromatic and aniline derivatives of piperidines as potent ligands for vesicular acetylcholine transporter.

To identify suitable lipophilic compounds having high potency and selectivity for vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), a heteroaromatic ring or a phenyl group was introduced into the carbon...
Comparison of Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes in Patients Receiving Single-Level Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion With Removal of Unilateral or Bilateral Facet Joints.

Study design A retrospective cohort study. Objective The objective of this study is to compare the radiographic and clinical outcomes of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) with bilateral facetectomy (BF) versus unilateral facetectomy (UF). Summary of background data BF is a surgical technique utilized with the intent of creating a greater degree of segmental lordosis than UF alone. However, the clinical benefits of this technique have not been defined. We seek to determine whether a difference exists between bilateral versus UF during TLIF by utilizing both clinical and radiographic outcome measures. Methods The electronic medical records of 57 patients who underwent single-level TLIF with either a UF (n = 28) or BF (n = 29) were reviewed. Clinical outcomes were measured through Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Pain Disability Questionnaire (PDQ), EuroQol 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) Health State, and Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY). Radiographic parameters including disc height and sagittal balance were measured on plain radiographs at 1 year following operation. Results All radiographic parameters showed no significant differences between the UF and BF cohorts. Segmental lordosis increased significantly in both cohorts. However, there was no significant difference in the increase of segmental lordosis between cohorts. Overall lumbar lordosis did not increase significantly in either cohort. Perioperative complications were also similar between cohorts. PDQ and EQ-5D scores improved significantly in both cohorts at 1 year postoperatively. The BF cohort showed a significantly greater improvement in both EQ-5D (0.1 ± 0.2 vs. 0.3 ± 0.2, P = 0.01) and PHQ-9 scores (-0.8 ± 4.6 vs. 4.6 ± 5.2, P = 0.03) than the UF cohort. The PDQ score improved over the minimally clinical important difference (MCID) of 26 in only the BF cohort. Conclusion The findings in the present study demonstrate that BF during single-level TLIF improves clinical outcomes to a greater degree than UF without any notable differences in perioperative complications or radiographic measurements. Level of evidence 3.
Identification of the Sigma-2 Receptor: Distinct from the Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1 (PGRMC1).

σRs are unique intracellular chaperone proteins [8] initially thought to be opioid receptor subtypes [9]. They have been classified into two subtypes based on specific radioligand binding assays using [3H](+)pentazocine for σ1Rs and [3H]1,3-di-o-tolylguanidine ([3H]DTG, in the presence of dextrallorphan to mask the σ1R) for σ2Rs in rat liver and kidney membranes [10]. Currently, the more selective σ1R ligand (+)-pentazocine has replaced dextrallorphan to mask the σ1R [7,11-14]. The σ1R has already been cloned as a 25-29 kDa chaperone protein composed of 223 amino acids [4,8,15]. It is widely distributed throughout the body [16-20]. Upon binding with agonists or under cellular stress, σ1Rs translocate from their primary endoplasmic reticulum (ER) location to different subcellular compartments where they can regulate ion channels and G-protein-coupled-receptor (GPCR) signaling [8,21-24]. In vivo functional studies on σ1Rs suggest that they play a substantial role in various cellular functions. Drugs acting at this receptor have been studied for their potential therapeutic effects in cancer, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, various psychiatric disorders, and substance abuse [1,25].
Arresten inhibited human umbilical vein endothelial cells proliferation and tube formation

Objective:To investigate the effect of arresten,an inhibitor of angiogenesis,on human umbilical vein endothelial cell(HUVEC)proliferation and tube formation in vitro and understand its action pathway.Methods:MTT method was used to access the effect of arresten at different concentrations on the proliferation of HUVEC.Capillary formation was detected by Ma- trigel-plug assay in vitro.Results:MTT assay showed that arresten inhibited the proliferation of HUVEC in a concentration-de- pendent manner.But the inhibitory rate did not increase when the concentration of arresten reached 800 ng/mL.The tube num- ber was 7±2,9±1,and 5±1 when the concentration of arresten was at 0,400,and 800 ng/mL,respectively.Conclusion: Arresten can inhibit HUVEC proliferation and tube formation in vitro.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide stimulates release of peptide YY

The purpose of these experiments was to examine the effects of the recently discovered gastrointestinal peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), and two structurally related peptides, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and secretin, on release of peptide YY (PYY) in conscious dogs. Intravenous administration of PACAP-27 or -38 stimulated a dose-related release of PYY; PACAP-27 was more potent than PACAP-38. PACAP-stimulated release of PYY was inhibited significantly by atropine, whereas ganglionic or beta-adrenergic blockade with hexamethonium and propranolol treatment, respectively, did not affect PACAP-induced release of PYY significantly (P > 0.05). These results indicate that PACAP-induced release of PYY is cholinergic dependent and that beta-adrenergic tone and ganglionic transmission do not participate in PACAP-induced release of PYY. PACAP may play a role in the neural regulation of PYY release.
Considerations in design and use of scales in rehabilitative audiology

Self-assessment questionnaires in rehabilitative audiology typically possess the measurement characteristics of scales based on forced-choice and rank-order. Data from these ordinal scales neither support arithmetic analysis nor arithmetic interpretation. However, powerful nonparametric statistics are available for application to data from ordinal level questionnaires. Thus, methodologic principles influence the way self-assessment scales are designed, constructed, and analyzed. They also influence the way clinicians interpret responses from individual patients. Within these constraints, well constructed questionnaires can provide information on a wide range of topics in rehabilitative audiology. Suggestions are given for generating interval level questionnaires that are more precise than existing, ordinal level scales.
A comparison of Maximum List-Mode-Likelihood Estimation and Maximum-Likelihood Clustering algorithms for depth calibration in continuous-crystal PET detectors

Parallax error in close-proximity applications of thick gamma-ray detectors, such as preclinical or organ-specific Positron Emission Tomography, motivates the need to accurately resolve interaction depth. In our lab, we routinely use a collimated gamma-ray source and apply an iterative maximum-likelihood clustering (MLC) algorithm to calibrate detector response statistics as a function of 3D interaction position. These detector response functions calibrate a signal-probability model that we use to determine the interaction position of events by maximum likelihood estimation. In this work, we compare the accuracy of this clustering algorithm to a more computationally intensive method (MLMLE) that maximizes the list-mode likelihood of a parametric model of the detector response function. Accuracy of the calibrated mean and variance of detector response versus depth are experimentally determined for a slat-shaped detector using a collimated gamma-rays normally incident to the side of the slat. We also verify our experimental findings by Monte-Carlo simulation, where ground truth is known. Our results suggest that MLMLE is more accurate than MLC for estimating the variance of detector response, but these algorithms fair similarly for accurately estimating the mean detector response. However, for the reduced dimensional case considered, the MLC algorithm required nearly 1 minute to execute, while the MLMLE algorithm took just over 10 hours to complete.
Rogerian Psychotherapy and the Problem of Power: A Foucauldian Interpretation

Guided by Foucault’s argument that “knowledge is an ‘invention’ behind which lies something completely different from itself: the play of instincts, impulses, desires, fears, and the will to approp...
Estudios Petrograficos de Ignimbritas y Lavas Plio-Plestocenicas de la Zona de Ahuachapan, El Salvador, America Central

El presente trabajo trata de ignimbritas y lavas de la region de Ahuachapan, El Salvador, America Central, y es para completer los estudios de Seeger (1960) acerca de la geologia de esta zona. A. R. Weyl (1954, 1957, 1961) agradezco numerosas sugerencias y varias criticas utiles. D. Seeger me proporciono las muestras (7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 5) para este estudio.
H2O2 Production in Microbial Electrochemical Cells Fed with Primary Sludge

We developed an energy-efficient, flat-plate, dual-chambered microbial peroxide producing cell (MPPC) as an anaerobic energy-conversion technology for converting primary sludge (PS) at the anode and producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at the cathode. We operated the MPPC with a 9 day hydraulic retention time in the anode. A maximum H2O2 concentration of ∼230 mg/L was achieved in 6 h of batch cathode operation. This is the first demonstration of H2O2 production using PS in an MPPC, and the energy requirement for H2O2 production was low (∼0.87 kWh/kg H2O2) compared to previous studies using real wastewaters. The H2O2 gradually decayed with time due to the diffusion of H2O2-scavenging carbonate ions from the anode. We compared the anodic performance with a H2-producing microbial electrolysis cell (MEC). Both cells (MEC and MPPC) achieved ∼30% Coulombic recovery. While similar microbial communities were present in the anode suspension and anode biofilm for the two operating modes, aerobic bacteria were signifi...
Informed-Proteomics: open-source software package for top-down proteomics

Top-down proteomics, the analysis of intact proteins in their endogenous form, preserves valuable information about post-translation modifications, isoforms and proteolytic processing. The quality of top-down liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) data sets is rapidly increasing on account of advances in instrumentation and sample-processing protocols. However, top-down mass spectra are substantially more complex than conventional bottom-up data. New algorithms and software tools for confident proteoform identification and quantification are needed. Here we present Informed-Proteomics, an open-source software suite for top-down proteomics analysis that consists of an LC-MS feature-finding algorithm, a database search algorithm, and an interactive results viewer. We compare our tool with several other popular tools using human-in-mouse xenograft luminal and basal breast tumor samples that are known to have significant differences in protein abundance based on bottom-up analysis.
Increased Depression and Anxiety Symptoms are Associated with More Breakdowns in Cognitive Control to Cocaine Cues in Veterans with Cocaine Use Disorder.

Objective: Cue-elicited craving is a clinically important aspect of cocaine addiction directly linked to cognitive control breakdowns and relapse to cocaine-taking behavior. However, whether cravin...
Badger State Infamy: Wisconsin's Early Sex Trade

This article describes the early sex trade in northern Wisconsin. Alarmed by numerous newspaper reports of sex trafficking, concerned citizens pressed the governor, state legislators, and law enforcement officials to rein in the booming sex trade. Results were mixed, but the efforts in Wisconsin were only the first of many to protect vulnerable adults and children from human trafficking, attempts that continue to the present day.
Bible: Teaching the Bible in Our Times

This chapter explores the nature of Bible teaching in contemporary Jewish education. The chapter begins by looking at the history of Jewish Bible interpretation and argues that although we know very little about teaching the Bible before the modern era, we can extrapolate a good deal about it from examining Bible interpretation in the past, assuming that the record of Bible interpretation reflects the content of Bible teaching in the past. The chapter shows that the distinction between “midrashic” approaches to reading the Bible (emphasizing the “omnisignificance” of the text) and “peshat” or historical–contextual methods of reading the Bible later surface in contrasting curricular and pedagogic methodologies in our times. The chapter then explores these distinctions in contemporary Jewish education, looking at various curricular projects and pedagogies. The chapter concludes by looking at research that draws upon work in general education about “pedagogical content knowledge” and “orientations” to subject matter, exploring the implications of this scholarship for Bible teaching.
New Approach to Chemically Enhanced Oxidation — A Review

This paper is a review of the effect of small additions (ppm) of fluorine to the dry oxidation process of silicon. It deals with the various critical areas of the oxidation growth such as A) growth kinetics, B) interfacial strain, C) stacking fault shrinkage, D) effects on oxidation enhanced or retarded diffusion (OED/ORD) and electrical characterization.
Assessment of the Impact of an Endpoint Committee in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study.

Purpose To assess the impact of a masked Endpoint Committee on estimates of the incidence of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) treatment efficacy and statistical power of the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study-Phase 1, 1994-2002 (OHTS-1). Design Retrospective interrater reliability analysis of endpoint attribution by the Endpoint Committee. Methods After study closeout, we recalculated estimates of endpoint incidence, treatment efficacy, and statistical power using all-cause endpoints and POAG endpoints. To avoid bias, only the first endpoint per participant is included in this report. Results The Endpoint Committee reviewed 267 first endpoints from 1636 participants. The Endpoint Committee attributed 58% (155 of 267) of the endpoints to POAG. The incidence of all-cause endpoints vs POAG endpoints was 19.5% and 13.2%, respectively, in the observation group and 13.1% and 5.8%, respectively, in the medication group. Treatment effect for all-cause endpoints was a 33% reduction in risk (relative risk = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] of 0.54-0.84) and a 56% reduction in risk for POAG endpoints (relative risk = 0.44, 95% CI of 0.31-0.61). Post hoc statistical power for detecting treatment effect was 0.94 for all-cause endpoints and 0.99 for POAG endpoints. Conclusion Endpoint Committee adjudication of endpoints improved POAG incidence estimates, increased statistical power, and increased calculated treatment effect by 23%. An Endpoint Committee should be considered in therapeutic trials when common ocular and systemic comorbidities, other than the target condition, could compromise study results.
Heat stability of whey protein ingredients based on state diagrams

Abstract A state diagram approach was used to compare heat stability among whey protein ingredients. Solutions were thermal processed and solubility, turbidity, and colloidal structure (sol, precipitate, or gel) were plotted against the variables of pH (3–7) and protein concentration (1–10%, w/w) to form state diagrams. Each of the whey protein ingredients produced state diagrams with unique patterns in the protein concentrations associated with colloidal structures and in heat stability regions. Relative heat stability among ingredients depended on the pH-thermal processing combination, in that patterns observed at pH ≤ 4.5 were not equivalent to patterns produced at pH > 4.5. Heating at temperatures of 100 °C for short times. State diagrams were able to differentiate among the whey protein ingredients, but absolute values were determined by the heating treatment.
Daily Sexual Desire and Its Impact on Next-Day Desire and Behavior in Mixed Sex Couples.

Sexual desire contributes to overall sexual and relational health among long-term romantic partnerships. However, little research has examined the nuances of partner-level sexual desire and behavior on a daily level, despite evidence that it ebbs and flows and is more of a state than a static characteristic. Additionally, daily sexual behavior and desire may impact women differently than men. Therefore, understanding individual and partner-level dynamics among men and women may provide a more nuanced understanding of sexual desire as a situational state in the context of long term couples. A sample of 87 mixed-sex couples (174 individuals; M age = 33 years) in long-term relationships (M = 9.33 years) completed a daily electronic report for 30 days and reported on their daily sexual desire and sexual behavior. A series of four stability influence actor partner interdependence models were conducted to investigate the individual and partner-level link between men and women’s daily levels of sexual desire and their sexual behavior and desire the following day. Findings indicated that daily sexual desire fuels sexual desire on the following day, particularly for men, regardless of whether sexual behavior was engaged in. Additionally, sexual desire on one day impacts next-day desire for partners, particularly on days when sexual behavior occurred. Contextual, partner-level contributing factors seem to have the largest impact on daily levels of sexual desire among long-term couples. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
Wave patterns organize cellular protrusions and control cortical dynamics.

Abstract Cellular protrusions are typically considered as distinct structures associated with specific regulators. However, we found that these regulators coordinately localize as propagating cortical waves, suggesting a common underlying mechanism. These molecular events fell into two excitable networks, the signal transduction network STEN and the cytoskeletal network CEN with different wave substructures. Computational studies using a coupled‐network model reproduced these features and showed that the morphology and kinetics of the waves depended on strengths of feedback loops. Chemically induced dimerization at multiple nodes produced distinct, coordinated alterations in patterns of other network components. Taken together, these studies indicate: STEN positive feedback is mediated by mutual inhibition between Ras/Rap and PIP2, while negative feedback depends on delayed PKB activation; PKBs link STEN to CEN; CEN includes positive feedback between Rac and F‐actin, and exerts fast positive and slow negative feedbacks to STEN. The alterations produced protrusions resembling filopodia, ruffles, pseudopodia, or lamellipodia, suggesting that these structures arise from a common regulatory mechanism and that the overall state of the STEN‐CEN system determines cellular morphology.
An Analysis of Federal Expenditures Related to the Coastal Barrier Resources Act (CBRA) of 1982

ABSTRACT Coburn, A.S. and Whitehead, J.C., 2019. An analysis of federal expenditures related to the Coastal Barrier Resources Act (CBRA) of 1982. Journal of Coastal Research, 35(6), 1358–1361. Coco...
Computational fluid dynamic analysis of aggressive turbinate reductions: is it a culprit of empty nose syndrome?

BACKGROUND Empty nose syndrome (ENS) remains highly controversial, with aggressive inferior turbinate reduction (ITR) or mucociliary dysfunction frequently implicated. However, the appropriate degree of ITR is highly debatable. METHODS We applied individual computed tomography (CT)-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to 5 patients receiving relatively aggressive ITR but with no ENS symptoms, and compared them to 27 symptomatic ENS patients who all had histories of aggressive ITRs, and 42 healthy controls. Patients' surgical outcomes were confirmed with 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) (ITR: 6.40 ± 4.56; ENS: 58.2 ± 15.9; healthy: 13.2 ± 14.9), Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scores (ITR: 4.00 ± 2.24; ENS: 69.4 ± 17.1; healthy: 11.9 ± 12.9), and Empty Nose Syndrome 6-Item Questionnaire (ENS6Q) (≥11 for ENS). RESULTS Both aggressive ITR without ENS symptoms and symptomatic ENS patients had significantly lower nasal resistance (ITR: 0.059 ± 0.020 Pa·s/mL; ENS: 0.052 ± 0.015 Pa·s/mL; healthy: 0.070 ± 0.021 Pa·s/mL) and higher cross-sectional areas surrounding the inferior turbinate (ITR: 0.94 ± 0.21 cm2 ; ENS: 1.19 ± 1.05 cm2 ; healthy: 0.42 ± 0.22 cm2 ) than healthy controls. The lack of significant differences among patient groups indicated similar degrees of surgeries between ITR with and without ENS symptom cohorts. However, symptomatic ENS patients have paradoxical significantly less airflow in the inferior meatus (ITR: 47.7% ± 23.6%; ENS: 25.8% ± 17.6%; healthy: 36.5 ± 15.9%; both p < 0.01), but higher airflow around the middle meatus (ITR: 49.7% ± 22.6%; ENS: 66.5% ± 18.3%; healthy: 49.9% ± 15.1%, p < 0.0001) than aggressive ITR without symptoms and controls. Aggressive ITR patients have increased inferior meatus airflow as expected (p < 0.05). This imbalanced airflow produced less inferior wall-shear-stress distribution among symptomatic ENS patients only (ITR: 42.45% ± 11.4%; ENS: 32.2% ± 12.6%; healthy: 49.7% ± 9.9%). ENS patients (n = 12) also had impaired nasal trigeminal function, as measured by menthol lateralization detection thresholds (ITR: 15.2 ± 1.2; ENS: 10.3 ± 3.9; healthy: 13.8 ± 3.09, both p < 0.0001). Surprisingly, aggressive ITR patients without ENS symptoms have better menthol lateralization detection thresholds (LDTs) than healthy controls. CONCLUSION Although turbinate tissue loss is linked with ENS, the degree of ITR that might distinguish postoperative patient satisfaction in their nasal breathing vs development of ENS symptoms is unclear. Our results suggest that a combination of distorted nasal aerodynamics and loss of mucosal sensory function may potentially lead to ENS symptomology.
Effects of Repeated, Long-Duration Hyperoxic Water Immersions on Neuromuscular Endurance in Well-Trained Males.

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of repeated long-duration hyperoxic water immersions (WI)s at 1.35 atmospheres absolute (ATA) on neuromuscular endurance performance. We hypothesized that over a five-day period of consecutive, resting, long-duration hyperoxic WIs there would be a decrease to neuromuscular endurance performance and tissue oxygenation with the quadriceps muscle, but not with the forearm flexors. METHODS: Thirteen well-trained, male subjects completed five consecutive 6-hour resting WIs with 18-hour surface intervals during the dive week while breathing 100% oxygen at 1.35 atmospheres absolute (ATA). We assessed skeletal muscle endurance performance before and after each water immersion (WI), and 24 and 72 hours after the final WI. Muscular endurance assessments included 40% maximal handgrip endurance (MHE) and 50-repetition maximal isokinetic knee extensions. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to measure muscle oxidative capacity (MOC) of the vastus lateralis and localized muscle tissue oxygenation of the vastus lateralis and flexor carpi radialis. Simultaneously, we measured brachioradialis neuromuscular activation by surface electromyography (SEMG). RESULTS: MHE time-to-fatigue performance declined by 15% at WI 3 (p = 0.009) and by 17% on WI 5 (p = 0.002). Performance continued to decline by 22% at 24-hours post-WI (p < 0.001) and by 12% on 72-hours post-WI (p = 0.019). 50-repetition IK knee extension total work decreased by 5% (p = 0.002) on WI 3, and was further reduced by 7.5% and 12.3% (p=0.032) at pre-WI 5 and 24-hours post-WI, respectively. However, the rate of fatigue was 8% (p=0.033) and 30% (p = 0.017) lower at WI 3 and 24-hours post-WI when compared to WI 1, respectively, demonstrating the muscles were still fatigued from the previous hyperoxic WIs. We detected no significant limitations in oxygen off-loading kinetics during the exercise or MOC measurements. CONCLUSION: Repeated, resting, long-duration hyperoxic WIs caused significant reductions to muscular endurance but not to indirect measures of oxygen kinetics in load bearing and non-load bearing muscles.
Bilateral pectoralis major flaps for salvage of left ventricular assist device deep pocket infection

Current treatment for end-stage cardiac disease has benefitted greatly from the development of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). However, as the prevalence of LVADs increased, so too did the number of patients with complications. The smaller size of the HeartMate III (HMIII) device allows for it to be placed completely intrathoracic. This requires a new reconstructive strategy when deep pocket infection and hardware exposure ensue. We report our first case of flap coverage of an exposed HMIII after deep pocket infection and discuss the reconstructive challenges associated with this fully intrathoracic device. A 31-year-old female with worsening postpartum non-ischemic cardiomyopathy was transferred to our facility in end-stage heart failure. She underwent complete sternal-sparing placement of a HMIII via bilateral anterior thoracotomies, and eventually developed a deep pocket infection with intrathoracic abscess. Plastic Surgery reconstructed the wounds using bilateral pectoralis major muscle flaps. The patient enjoyed an uneventful postoperative course and was discharged home 2 weeks later on intravenous antibiotics. HMIII devices are completely intrathoracic, occupying the pericardial space anteriorly, which can make an infection difficult to access. Wound location largely dictated which flaps would be acceptable for reconstruction following debridement. Close cooperation between cardiac and reconstructive surgeons will once again be paramount to evolving the surgical care of HMIII patients with deep pocket infection. Level of Evidence: Level V, therapeutic study.
Pottery on the periphery: Contact-period ceramics and regional integration at La Laguna, Tlaxcala, Mexico

Abstract At the time of European contact in Mexico, the small community of La Laguna lived on the edge of the altepetl of Tecoac, itself peripheral to the Tlaxcallan confederacy. Yet this area was historically important: after a battle at Tecoac, Cortes allied with the Tlaxcaltecas, who proved essential to the conquest. Archaeological materials from the site provide an opportunity to understand social dynamics on the periphery of an autonomous confederacy surrounded by the Aztec empire. This multi-method study of the small contact-period ceramic assemblage of La Laguna illuminates these dynamics. The wares are similar to those of the ethnically Nahua residents of central Tlaxcallan (approximately 30 km away), not to those of the neighboring Otomi ethnic minority. INAA shows all wares falling into one chemical group, but petrography shows two recipes, indicating possible access to multiple potters. These lines of evidence suggest strong connections to the markets of central Tlaxcallan. La Laguna was geographically peripheral, yet the styles, symbols, and pastes of their pottery shows that its rural inhabitants, described as fractious borderland Otomis by early colonial histories, were engaged with the economic and religious trends of Tlaxcallan and the Postclassic International World System.
Expression of neural markers of gustatory signaling are differentially altered by continuous and intermittent feeding patterns.

Abstract Food intake patterns are regulated by signals from the gustatory neural circuit, a complex neural network that begins at the tongue and continues to homeostatic and hedonic brain regions involved in eating behavior. The goal of the current study was to investigate the short-term effects of continuous access to a high fat diet (HFD) versus limited access to dietary fat on the gustatory neural circuit. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a chow diet, a HFD (56% kcal from fat), or provided limited, daily (2 h/day) or limited, intermittent (2 h/day, 3 times/week) access to vegetable shortening for 2 weeks. Real time PCR was used to determine mRNA expression of markers of fat sensing/signaling (e.g. CD36) on the circumvallate papillae, markers of homeostatic eating in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) and markers of hedonic eating in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Continuous HFD increased mRNA levels of lingual CD36 and serotonin signaling, altered markers of homeostatic and hedonic eating. Limited, intermittent access to dietary fat selectively altered the expression of genes associated with the regulation of dopamine signaling. Overall, these data suggest that short-term, continuous access to HFD leads to altered fat taste and decreased expression of markers of homeostatic and hedonic eating. Limited, intermittent access, or binge-like, consumption of dietary fat led to an overall increase in markers of hedonic eating, without altering expression of lingual fat sensors or homeostatic eating. These data suggest that there are differential effects of meal patterns on gustatory neurocircuitry which may regulate the overconsumption of fat and lead to obesity.