cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Water Movement and Storage in a Desert Succulent: Anatomy and Rehydration Kinetics for Leaves of Agave deserti

Smith, J. A. C. and Nobel, P. S. 1986. Water movement and storage in a desert succulent: anatomy and rehydration kinetics for leaves of Agave deserti.—J. exp. Bot. 37: 1044-1053. Anatomic and kinetic aspects of water storage were investigated for the succulent leaves of the desert CAM plant, Agave deserti. An approximately linear relationship was found between the number of vascular bundles and leaf surface area, both for leaves of different sizes and also along the length of a single leaf. The bundles, which were distributed throughout the leaf cross-section, were separated from each other by about eight water-storage cells. Even though the cell walls of the water-storage ground tissue made up only 2-5% of the cell volume, they provided about 10% of the total cross-sectional area available for water transport radial to the xylem because cell-cell contact in such a direction averaged 25% of the cell surface area. The rehydration kinetics of partially dehydrated leaf segments were resolved into three phases: (1) a relatively rapid movement into the vascular tissue (half-time of 2 min); (2) water movement into storage in the ground tissue (half-time of 59 min); and (3) water movement into the intercellular air spaces (half-time of about 10 h). Using the observed kinetics for water movement into the storage tissue and standard diffusion theory, the bulk-averaged diffusivity of water in the relatively homogeneous ground tissue (flt) was 2 0 x 1U-10 m2 s_1. Using this D, and pathway analysis, most of the water moving from the xylem into storage in the massive leaves of A. deserti apparently occurred from cell to cell across the cell membranes rather than through the cell walls. Key words—Agave deserti, capacitance, diffusivity, leaf anatomy, succulence, water storage. Correspondence to: Department of Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, U.S.A.
Real-time Independent Component Analysis Implementation and applications

A common problem in disciplines such as high energy physics, biomedicine and acoustic signal processing is finding a suitable representation of multivariate data. Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a recently developed mathematical tool that can recover independent source signals and is now mature enough to be implemented in real-time applications such as photomultipliers signal processing, magnetic resonance imaging and acoustic arrays. This technique is based on the assumption that signals from different sources are statistically independent and statistically independent signals can be extracted from mixture signals. ICA defines a model for the observed data that requires a large number of samples in order to establish the necessary statistics. The model assumes that the data variables are linear combination of unknown variables, the unknown variables are assumed to be non-Gaussian and independent. The goal then becomes to find a transformation in which the components are as statistical independent as possible from each other. This technique is related with methods such as principal component analysis and factor analysis. The ICA algorithm is computing intensive since it must accumulate and go through the signal samples performing complex operations. Efficient versions of the algorithm have being already deployed using different techniques such as the FastICA that can be implemented efficiently in hardware platforms such as DSP processors and FPGA's. In this paper, we present the ICA principles, implementation and current applications.
AAA+ proteases: ATP-fueled machines of protein destruction.

AAA+ family proteolytic machines (ClpXP, ClpAP, ClpCP, HslUV, Lon, FtsH, PAN/20S, and the 26S proteasome) perform protein quality control and are used in regulatory circuits in all cells. These machines contain a compartmental protease, with active sites sequestered in an interior chamber, and a hexameric ring of AAA+ ATPases. Substrate proteins are tethered to the ring, either directly or via adaptor proteins. An unstructured region of the substrate is engaged in the axial pore of the AAA+ ring, and cycles of ATP binding/hydrolysis drive conformational changes that create pulses of pulling that denature the substrate and translocate the unfolded polypeptide through the pore and into the degradation chamber. Here, we review our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of substrate recognition, adaptor function, and ATP-fueled unfolding and translocation. The unfolding activities of these and related AAA+ machines can also be used to disassemble or remodel macromolecular complexes and to resolubil...
Sidelobe reduction by nonuniform element spacing

A perturbational procedure for reducing the sidelobe level of discrete linear arrays with uniform amplitude excitation by using nonuniform element spacing is presented. The calculation of the required element spacings is quite simple. The method can reduce the sidelobe level to about 2/N times the field intensity of the main lobe, where N is the total number of elements, without increasing the beamwidth of the main lobe. Several examples are given.
Blaming Deadmen Causes, Culprits, and Chaos in Accounting for Technological Accidents

This article illustrates the shortcomings of an objectivist epistemology in publicly accounting for technological accidents. Public inquiries convened in the aftermath of accidents tend to operate ...
Radiation effects in superconducting fusion-magnet materials

Abstract Economic considerations appear to dictate the use of superconducting magnets in magnetic fusion reactors. Since these magnets will experience high fluxes of energetic neutrons and secondary gammas, it is important to know the effects of this radiation on the operating characteristics of the magnets. Experimental data on radiation effects in the individual magnet components (superconductors, stabilizers, insulators, and structural materials) are reviewed here; cryogenic irradiations (≲10 K) are emphasized, since these are required for design data. There is a dearth of information on the effects of low-temperature irradiation of insulators and an irradiation program is strongly recommended. The relative importance of property changes in the various components depends on the details of the individual magnet design and the importance of various factors (alternate materials, shielding thickness and penetrations, periodic anneals, etc.) can be analyzed only after the radiation-induced property changes of the components are incorporated into the specific design.
SQLProb: a proxy-based architecture towards preventing SQL injection attacks

SQL injection attacks (SQLIAs) consist of maliciously crafted SQL inputs, including control code, used against Database-connected Web applications. To curtail the attackers' ability to generate such attacks, we propose an SQL Proxy-based Blocker (SQLProb). SQLProb harnesses the effectiveness and adaptivity of genetic algorithms to dynamically detect and extract users' inputs for undesirable SQL control sequences. Compared to state-of-the-art protection mechanisms, our method does not require any code changes on either the client, the web-server or the back-end database. Rather, our system uses a proxy that seamlessly integrates with existing operational environments offering protection to front-end web servers and back-end databases. To evaluate the overhead and the detection performance of our system, we implemented a prototype of SQLProb which we tested using real SQL attacks. Our experimental results show that we can detect all SQL injection attacks while maintaining very low resource utilization.
A Metasynthesis: Mothering Other-than-Normal Children

The author used Noblit and Hare's 1988 comparative method of synthesizing qualitative studies to address the need for collective knowledge development related to mothering other-than-normal children. Twelve studies were included in a metasynthesis for a total sample of 79. The nature of the child's disability, demographics, and methodology used varied widely. Initially, 13 common themes were extracted using reciprocal translation. Further analysis revealed 4 steps common to the mothering experience under which themes were categorized. Suggestions for application to practice include keeping in mind qualities of a supportive health professional from the mothers' perspective, encouraging mothers to challenge societal definitions of normalcy, and recognizing the significance of hope in fueling maternal caregiving.
Consumer recycling: role of incentives, information, and social class

More and more communities have instituted recycling programs and consumer recycling is no longer a new fad; it is here to stay. However, consumer commitment to recycling and participation rates have leveled off. Whereas lack of access to recycling facilities was cited as a key inhibitor to participation in the early days of recycling, that is generally not the case anymore. Thus there is an imperative to revisit consumer recycling by focusing on behavioral issues that reflect today's context. In this study we review the past literature and propose a comprehensive model of consumer recycling. We identify two intervention mechanisms – incentives or information – that are believed to increase recycling participation. We, then, describe a longitudinal field experiment to evaluate the relative merits of these intervention programs. We conclude that either intervention program is effective, although informational programs appear to have more long-term effects than incentive programs. We also create a new measure of social class, one that includes other influential actors' characteristics, and show its relationship to recycling attitudes and behaviors. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homelessness and rehospitalization: The importance of housing for the chronic mentally ill

Many have argued that problems with housing contribute to the high relapse rate among chronic mentally ill patients. Evidence that homelessness is associated with rehospitalization suggests that interventions for housing can reduce relapse rates. In this study, the relative importance of housing services versus psychiatric factors as determinants of rehospitalization, emergency room use, and aftercare compliance is examined. The analysis investigates the relative importance of housing within a community that has high rates of homelessness versus a comparison community with low homelessness rates. Results indicate that when patients need both housing and psychiatric care, services for housing make the critical difference for community tenure.
Reproduction and larval development of Polydora robi (Polychaeta: Spionidae), an obligate commensal of hermit crabs from the Philippines

. The reproduction of a recently described spionid polychaete, Polydora robi, is examined from the Philippines. Adults inhabit a burrow in the apex of gastropod shells occupied by hermit crabs. Females were found to deposit broods of 18–94 egg capsules in the summer (June–August) and winter months (January–March) sampled. Paired or single egg capsules are attached by stalks to the inside wall of the burrow and contain 40–106 eggs which average 97 μm in diameter. The total number of eggs per brood ranges from 941–8761 eggs and is positively correlated with the total number of segments and length of female worms. Adults of P. robi are polytelic, producing ≤9 successive broods over a 3-month period; a mean of 6.7 d was exhibited between broods in the laboratory. Females utilize sperm stored in the seminal receptacles during successive spawnings. Development occurs within egg capsules until the 3-segment stage, at which time the planktotrophic larvae are released. Juveniles of ∼20 segments are competent to settle on gastropod shells inhabited by hermit crabs. Members of P. robi are relatively fecund, semicontinuous breeders; the life-cycle in this species is similar to the only other known obligate polydorid commensal of hermit crabs.
A System Framework For Managing Learner Autonomy

The need to connect information systems studies with other concentrations in business school curricula requires the development of integral courses comprised of several knowledge domains. Students with different prior knowledge, skills and learning focus (e.g., business development, technology management, or programming) should be able to enroll in the same course. The resulting difficulties of such personalized classroom management techniques could be largely overcome through special learning designs and proper technological architecture. Presented results could be generalized for other complex non-linear course organizations.
Gene transfer by particle bombardment

Gene transfer into intact cells and tissues by particle bombardment is becoming an important tool in plant molecular biology [17]. The process has been used to stably transform major crop species including corn [7, 9], soybean [19], and cotton [6]. Genes have also been delivered into the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas [2] and the mitochodria of yeast [12]. Recent results indicate that genes can be introduced into the chloroplasts of higher plants [5] and that the foreign DNA can be stably maintained in the chloroplast and inherited by the progeny of the transgenic plants (Pal Maliga, personal communication). In addition to its application for the production of genetically transformed plants, particle bombardment has been used in transient expression experiments for the functional analysis of promoter elements that confer regulation to environmental [3] and tissue specific factors [16, 23 see also chapter by Twell et al., this volume]. These studies indicate that the technique can be utilized for gene expression studies in tissues as diverse as pollen, coleoptile, aleurone, and embryo. Regulatory genes that code for trans-acting factors have also been analyzed following their delivery into intact tissues [8, 18]. Gene transfer by particle bombardment provides a means of circumventing the use of protoplasts in transient assay systems. Therefore, the expression of reporter genes can be monitored directly in tissues which should exert proper regulation upon the introduced gene.
The Question of Men in Love: A Beauvoirian Response to Jørgen Lorentzen

In this essay, I engage Jorgen Lorentzen in his search for the man in love. Lorentzen argues that, in research on men and masculinity, men's heterosexual love is rarely a site where men may experience positive social change, offering Shakespeare's Romeo as a literary example of a man in love who undermines both power and patriarchy. Reading Simone de Beauvoir's The Ethics of Ambiguity and The Second Sex together, I argue that Beauvoir's theoretical perspective provides masculinity studies with critical insights that may mediate the ways in which scholars theorize and study the question of men and love. Using Weber's ideal types as a heuristic device, I focus on the conceptual differences between the serious man and the passionate man, arguing that men's ability to remain sovereign in love is a mark of their privileged position, their capacity to move and speak with either the power of the masculine ideal or the power of passionate freedom behind them. Either way, men are still struggling to recognize wome...
Gerontology-geriatrics education

This article provides a conceptual outline for the geriatric component of primary podiatric medicine as well as a summary of gerontologic considerations applicable to professional, postdoctoral, and continuing education. This article also focuses on health promotion and prevention. Given the projected number of older patients in the United States and the prevalence of foot problems needing care in the older population, the podiatrist of today and tomorrow must become and remain a viable member of the primary geriatric care team.
Modification of Detention Basin Outlet Structures using Calibrated SWMM Models

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model, SWMM, is a large, relatively complex software package capable of simulating the effects …
Performance characteristics of quasi-steady MPD discharges

The onset of voltage fluctuations in a multi-megawatt quasi-steady MPD accelerator, indicative of increased cathode ablation and a consequent degradation of performance, is found to be a function of cathode size. With longer cathodes, this onset shifts to substantially higher powers per unit mass flow and the plasma exhaust velocity can be increased to values previously thought inaccessible to accelerators of this class. Centerline velocities up to 30 km/sec have been measured in argon, which for the observed exhaust profiles translate into specific impulses up to 2400 sec and corresponding thrust efficiencies above 30%.
Influence of passage model, sampling site, and marker dosing time on passage of rare earth-labeled grain through Holstein cows.

Three duodenally cannulated, lactating Holstein cows were dosed with rare earth-labeled grain to evaluate effects of passage model, sampling site, and marker dosing time on digesta passage parameters. Cows were given ad libitum access to feed twice daily. Rare earth-labeled grain (applied by the 24-h immersion technique) was fed immediately before (Dy) or 2 h after (Yb) the morning feeding, and duodenal digesta and feces were sampled. Marker excretion curves were fit to a two-compartment, biexponential model, using curve peeling or to a series of two-compartment models, with one to six orders of gamma time-dependency in the fast compartment, using nonlinear regression. Passage estimates from the curve-peeled, biexponential model were similar to those from the best fit of the nonlinear models, which had three orders of gamma time-dependency. Ruminal passage rate of grain, averaged across models, sampling site, and dosing time, was .077/h. Estimates of time to first appearance of marker at the sampling site and mean retention times were longer (8 vs 1 h and 25 vs 17 h, respectively), but passage rates were similar, when determined from fecal compared with duodenal samples (P less than .05). Marker dosing time did not influence any of the parameters. It is concluded that both curve-peeling (linear regression) and nonlinear regression methods can be equally useful for evaluating passage kinetics of grain in dairy cows and that sampling site and time of marker dosing have little effect on passage parameter estimates.
EULER: a generalization of ALGOL, and its formal definition: Part II

In this section the algorithmic language EULER is described first informally and then formally by its syntax and semantics. An attempt has been made to generalize and extend some of the concepts of ALGOL, thus creating a language which is simpler and yet more flexible than ALGOL 60. A second objective in developing this language was to show that a useful programming language which can be processed with reasonable efficiency can be defined in rigorous formality.
Anesthesia for the Cosmetic Patient: An American Perspective

This chapter provides an introduction to, and brief overview of the administration of anesthesia to the cosmetic surgical patient in the office-based setting, with particular reference to procedures commonly performed by one of the editors (BAT). It concludes with a section on special situations which may arise. It is not intended as a blueprint, but rather as an illustration of how the involvement of an anesthesia provider can contribute to the care and safety of the patient in this setting.
Abstract 1656: Subtype-specific radiation response in human breast cancer and potential therapeutic effect of FAS death receptor modulation

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed among women worldwide and represents a heterogeneous group of subtypes. Radiation therapy is an important component of multimodal treatment for women with breast cancer. However, little is known about radiation response among these subtypes. Recent clinical data suggests that distinct patterns of response to systemic therapy may exist in association with each phenotype. Therefore, understanding the intrinsic variation of radiation response in breast cancer subtypes is important in prescribing individualized radiotherapy that maximizes the therapeutic ratio. Our previous studies have identified marked changes in gene expression in breast patient tumors and breast tumor cell lines in response to radiation. Among candidate genes, FAS was consistently and significantly induced after radiation in luminal breast tumors and cell lines. Modulation of FAS in basal breast cancer cell lines favorably impacted radiation response. In this study, we further investigated the role of FAS modulation and radiation response in a mouse model of breast cancer. MCF7 (luminal), HCC1954 (HER2+) or SUM159 (basal) cells were implanted orthotopically into the dorsal mammary fat pad of nude mice. These mice were then treated with different doses of radiation. Our results showed that radiation treatment inhibited MCF7, and to a less extent HCC1954 tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner, while SUM159 tumors were resistant to radiation. The estimated TCD50 value was 19.30 Gy for MCF7 and 44.88 Gy for SUM159. FAS was induced in MCF7 tumors after radiation but showed no change in SUM159 tumors. To investigate whether FAS modulation can affect radiation response, we silenced FAS in MCF7 tumors and activated FAS in SUM159 tumors. We found that silencing of FAS did not negatively impact radiation response in MCF7 tumors, possibly due to compensation by other apoptotic pathways. On the other hand, FAS activating antibody in combination with radiation delayed SUM159 and HCC1954 tumor growth (p = NS). In conclusion, these results suggest that there is intrinsic variation in radiation response among breast cancer subtypes. FAS concurrent with radiation slows tumor growth in the radiation resistant subtypes, but the effect was not significant. Alternative subtype-specific modulators of radiation response are under investigation. Citation Format: Chen-Ting Lee, Yingchun Zhou, Kingshuk R. Choudhury, Sharareh Siamakpour Reihani, Mark W. Dewhirst, Janet K. Horton. Subtype-specific radiation response in human breast cancer and potential therapeutic effect of FAS death receptor modulation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1656.
Achieving Ultra-efficiency in III-nitride LEDs and Laser Diodes for Solid-state Lighting

Pathways to ultra-high efficiency in III-nitride light-emitters for solid-state lighting are explored. This includes exploiting stimulation emission in laser diodes, and also the high optical gain and spontaneous emission rates in quantum dot active layers. Article not available.
Biomorph Oscillations Self-organize Micrometer-Scale Patterns and Nanorod Alignment Waves

The coprecipitation of barium carbonate and silica spontaneously creates complex micrometer-scale objects such as sheets and helices. These structures consist of densely packed crystalline nanorods that in the case of sheets align in radial direction. We report the existence of an additional level of self-organization that creates oscillatory height variations in biomorph sheets. These topographic features take the form of either concentric rings or disordered, patchy patterns and form immediately in the wake of the crystallization front. Their wavelength varies around 6.5 μm and shows no pronounced dependence on the reactant concentrations. Atomic force microscopy reveals height variations of up to 500 nm which equal 45% of the average sheet thickness. These undulations are accompanied by a systematic out-of-plane displacement of the nanorods. Our results are discussed in the context of an earlier hypothesis that predicts pH oscillations near the crystallization front.
Availability of Respondent Provided Financial Records to Supplement Self-Reports of Household Expenditures

Use of respondent records is a method for supplementing survey data. Records can improve data quality when data collected by self-report are subject to recall or other measurement errors. One limitation of using respondent records is that respondents often cannot provide records for all survey items of interest. We explored the availability of respondent records using data from the Consumer Expenditure Records Study (CE Records Study). The CE Records Study is a non-probability feasibility study that examined the accuracy of self-reported data for various types of household expenditures. In the first interview, participants provided self-reports about the cost of household expenditures from the previous three months. In a follow-up interview, participants provided records (e.g., receipts, bank statements, bills) for all expenditures asked about. By comparing self-reports and records, we were able to evaluate the accuracy of self-reports. Records were available for 36% of the 3,039 expenditures reported. There were several expenditure and respondent characteristics that were associated with the availability of records suggesting that use of retrospective record collection may be more successful for supplementing self-reported data for certain types of consumer surveys compared to others.
Anti-Leukemic Effect of Maintenance Chemotherapy Is Mediated by Induction of Differentiation.

The clinical benefit of maintenance therapy (prolonged post-remission low-dose therapy) has been limited to two diseases, acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), despite extensive study in many malignancies. Moreover, the mechanisms responsible for the anti-leukemic effects of maintenance therapy in both ALL and APL are unclear. Maintenance therapy in ALL consists of the low-dose cytotoxic agents methotrexate (MTX) and 6-mercaptopurine (6MP), while maintenance therapy in APL has primarily been all- trans -retinoic acid (ATRA). Interestingly, the addition of low-dose MTX and 6MP to maintenance ATRA has recently been shown to improve disease-free survival in APL. These clinical results, combined with our recent data and that from others showing that low-dose cytotoxic agents are potent differentiating agents, suggest that these agents may induce the differentiation of leukemic progenitors responsible for disease relapse. Therefore, we examined the differentiating effects of ATRA and low-dose MTX and 6MP on human APL and ALL cells. The APL cell line NB4 was treated with ATRA (1 μM), MTX (0.01 μM) and 6MP (1 μM) for 48 hours and then analyzed for apoptosis, clonogenic growth and surface expression of the myeloid differentiation antigens CD11b and CD15 by flow cytometry. As expected, ATRA did not induce immediate apoptosis, but inhibited clonogenic growth associated with markedly increased expression of both myeloid antigens, consistent with induction of terminal differentiation. Both MTX and 6MP had similar effects on the NB4 cells, and, thus, similarly appeared to induce terminal differentiation rather than cytoxicity. We then examined the effects of these agents on two ALL cell lines: REH, which is derived from pediatric ALL and contains the t(12;21) chromosomal translocation producing the TEL-AML1 fusion protein, and RS4;11, which is derived from adult ALL and contains the t(4;11) chromosomal translocation producing the MLL-AF4 fusion gene. ATRA, MTX and 6MP induced upregulation of CD19 and CD38 surface antigen expression. Similar to their effects on the NB4 APL line, the agents also inhibited clonogenic growth of the ALL cells without induction of immediate apoptosis. ATRA, MTX, and 6MP produce similar effects on APL and ALL cells in vitro . These results suggest that low-dose MTX and 6MP used as maintenance therapy improve clinical outcomes in ALL and APL by inducing the terminal differentiation of leukemic progenitors responsible for disease relapse. As the addition of low-dose MTX and 6MP has improved the results of maintenance ATRA in APL, the addition of pharmacologic differentiating agents such as ATRA to MTX and 6MP may improve ALL therapy, particularly for adults.
In-situ study of the dewetting behavior of Au/Ni bilayer films supported by a SiO2/Si substrate

Abstract Solid state dewetting of Au/Ni bilayer films was investigated by in-situ cross-sectional TEM heating with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The early stage of dewetting process revealed both grain boundary grooving at the surface of the Ni layer and void nucleation along the Au/Ni interface between Au grains. During annealing, inter-diffusion occurred and enhanced solubility was found between Au and Ni. Au diffused predominantly through Ni grain boundaries and decorated the Ni/substrate interface. The energetically preferred adsorption of Au at the Ni/SiO2 interface and at Ni grain boundaries, coupled with some alloying in the volume of the metal films delays the break-up of the bilayer film compared to pure Au or Ni films. The experimental observations confirm that dewetting kinetics of metal bilayer films are strongly affected by both partial alloying of the metals as well as the metal/metal interface.
Does Early-Season Defoliation of Crabapple (Malus sp.) by Eastern Tent Caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) Induce Resistance to Japanese Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)?

We tested the hypothesis that early-season defoliation of flowering crabapple, Malus sp., by eastern tent caterpillars, Malacosoma americanum F., induces localized or systemic resistance to Japanes...
Cold hard cash: commercialization, politics, and amateurism in United States track and field

ABSTRACTThis article explores the decline of amateurism in the sport of track-and-field between the years 1968 and 1982. In doing so, it pays particular attention to Cold War politics as well as the role played by shoe companies such as Nike, in facilitating that transformation.
Epistemic Legitimacy: The Problematic of Empiricism

The basic theme of Kant’s Analytic is the epistemic legitimacy attaching to certain concepts, judgments and principles. His model is not logical but legal. He speaks of “deductions”, but his term ‘deduction’ derives not from logic but from Rechtsphilosophie. It alludes not to entailment but to juridical defences of claims of right or of legal entitlement. What Kant explicitly intends (A84 = B116ff.) is that the conclusion of what he calls a “transcendental deduction” state, not a matter of fact, but a matter of right. It is to say, in other words, that something may be done, for all rights are, at base, conduct rights. (Rights of ownership — property rights — are no exception. What the legal owner of a particular item or good possesses are rights to the exclusive use and disposition of that item or good.) A Kantian transcendental deduction thus articulates and secures a principle of permission. If successful, it establishes or legitimizes our right to employ certain concepts, to make certain judgments, and to apply certain principles. It establishes or legitimizes our right to a family of cognitive acts.
Impaired HPA axis and their feedback regulation in SERT knockout mice

A polymorphism in 5-HT transporter linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) is related to the personality and affective disorders. To understand the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, we used mice wit...
Therapeutic Jurisprudence and Outpatient Commitment Law: Kendra's Law as Case Study

This paper considers the implications of assisted outpatient commitment laws (OPC), with specific focus on New York's "Kendra's Law" through the lens of therapeutic jurisprudence (TJ). Kendra's Law's day-to-day operationalization, the on-going constitutional challenges, the law's potential impact on the delivery of other mental health services in the state, and - most important - the inevitability of a "mistake" (a case in which denial of a Kendra's Law commitment is followed by the commission of a notorious criminal act, or a case in which entry of a Kendra's Law commitment is followed by a patient developing neuroleptic malignant syndrome or some other potentially-fatal antipsychotic drug side effect because of a misdiagnosis or an error in prescription or medication dispensation) all make it inevitable that it will become the centerpiece of the next mental health law debate. It is thus especially important that a discussion of Kendra's Law also provide a national perspective as well as background on OPC - and how, for decades, OPC has been the paradigm trompe l'oeil illusion of mental disability law. In this paper. I first offer some perspectives on the relationship between involuntary civil commitment and outpatient commitment, with a few brief words about how all of this relates to the concept of the "least restrictive alternative" (LRA). Then, I consider some of the empirical research that's been done on outpatient commitment laws in other jurisdictions - most notably, North Carolina - and focus on both the issues that seemed to matter to whether OPC "worked" and on the impact OPC may have had on "revolving door" commitments. After that, I look at the most controversial aspect of outpatient commitment: its relationship to forced drugging. Here, I consider briefly the civil libertarian critique of OPC/forced drugging laws, look at some important recent developments, and consider the state-of-the-art research done by the MacArthur Research Network on Mental Health. Finally, I will look closely at Kendra's Law, providing a brief overview of the law itself, and identifying some "pressure points" and pivotal issues in the law. I believe that there are ambiguities in some of the "pressure points" that cry out for resolution, and that the appellate disposition of some of the pivotal issues will provide some clues as to the ultimate "real life" impact of Kendra's Law. Finally, I will consider the TJ implications of Kendra's Law, in part, in an effort to determine how it "fits" into the public's "take" on all of mental disability law.
The athlete with early knee arthritis.

Athletes participating in contact sports, or activities such as excessive running, are at higher risk for the development of knee osteoarthritis. Newer advances in treatments, such as minimally invasive management, are helpful in getting people active earlier as compared with older, conventional methods.
An Optimal Control Problem with State Vector Measurement Errors

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of an optimal control problem with state vector measurement errors. It presents a derivation of a partial differential equation that the optimal pay-off function satisfies. The solution to this partial differential equation determines both the optimal policy and the resulting pay-off. The chapter highlights different kinds of nonzero random external disturbances. It highlights the Bellman's Principle of Optimality as per which an optimal policy has the property that, whatever the initial state and the initial decision are, the remaining decisions must constitute an optimal policy with regard to the state resulting from the first decision.
Mitochondrial binding of triiodothyronine (T3). Demonstration by electron-microscopic radioautography of dispersed liver cells.

To assess the distribution of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) within intact living cells, freshly prepared dispersed rat hepatocytes were incubated with [125I]-T3 for periods of 5 min and 30 min. Lightand electron-microscopic (EM) radioautography was carried out to determine the distribution of grains over the isolated cells. Both procedures showed the grains distributed almost entirely over the cytoplasmic matrix rather than the nucleus. Grain counts under the EM were compared with expectation based on established quantitative methods. Only the mitochondria showed obvious and statistically significant grain counts, whereas the nucleus failed to accumulate grains in excess of expectations by chance alone based on area. The findings support the existence of mitochondrial binding of T3, presumably a prerequisite for its action in direct stimulation of the mitochondria.
Tumor dormancy in bone.

Background Bone marrow is a common site of metastasis for a number of tumor types, including breast, prostate, and lung cancer, but the mechanisms controlling tumor dormancy in bone are poorly understood. In breast cancer, while advances in drug development, screening practices, and surgical techniques have dramatically improved survival rates in recent decades, metastatic recurrence in the bone remains common and can develop years or decades after elimination of the primary tumor. Recent findings It is now understood that tumor cells disseminate to distant metastatic sites at early stages of tumor progression, leaving cancer survivors at a high risk of recurrence. This review will discuss mechanisms of bone lesion development and current theories of how dormant cancer cells behave in bone, as well as a number of processes suspected to be involved in the maintenance of and exit from dormancy in the bone microenvironment. Conclusions The bone is a complex microenvironment with a multitude of cell types and processes. Many of these factors, including angiogenesis, immune surveillance, and hypoxia, are thought to regulate tumor cell entry and exit from dormancy in different bone marrow niches.
Nanoscale integration of oxides and metals in bulk 3D composites: leveraging SrFe12O19/Co interfaces for magnetic exchange coupling

The integration of different material classes (e.g, oxides and metals) with nanoscale dimensions in large 3D materials remains a fundamental challenge in nanocomposite fabrication. The incentive is that some of the most interesting properties occur at nanoscale interfaces, while the challenge arises from the difficulty in densifying the materials without deleterious reaction at the interface. Here, we introduce a method based on the synthesis of core–shell powders followed by efficient, relatively low-temperature densification with current-activated pressure-assisted densification. The composition of the bulk nanocomposites can be controlled by varying the core–shell weight ratio, leading to controllable thicknesses of the hard/soft magnetic phases. We demonstrate intimate mixtures of nanoscale strontium ferrite (hard magnetic phase) and Co–Fe (soft magnetic phase) with minimal reaction. The high volume content of high-quality oxide/metal interfaces leads to magnetic exchange coupling in the composites.
Factors Associated With Minimally Invasive Surgery for Colorectal Cancer in Emergency Settings

Abstract Background Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is associated with improved colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes, but it is used less frequently in emergency settings. We aimed to assess patient-level factors associated with emergency presentation for CRC and the use of MIS in emergency versus elective settings. Methods This retrospective study examined the clinical data of patients who underwent emergency and elective resections for CRC from 2013 to 2015 using the Florida Inpatient Discharge Dataset. Multivariable analyses were performed to assess differences in gender, age, race, urbanization, region, insurance, and clinical characteristics associated with mode of presentation and surgical approach. In-hospital mortality and length of stay by mode of presentation were recorded. Results Of 16,277 patients identified, 10,224 (61%) had elective surgery and 6503 (39%) had emergency surgery. Emergency presentations were more likely to be black (14.2% versus 9.5%), Hispanic (18.9% versus 15.4%), Medicaid-insured (9.7% versus 4.2%), and have metastatic cancer (34.4% versus 20.2%) or multiple comorbidities (12.6% versus 4.0%). MIS was the surgical approach in 31.8% of emergency cases versus 48.1% of elective cases. Factors associated with lower odds of MIS for emergencies include Medicaid (odds ratio (OR) 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63-0.99), metastases (OR 0.56, CI 0.5-0.63), and multiple comorbidities (OR 0.53, CI 0.4-0.7). Emergency cases experienced higher in-hospital mortality (3.7% versus 1.0%) and a longer median length of stay (10 d versus 5 d). Conclusions Emergency CRC presentations are associated with racial minorities, Medicaid insurance, metastatic disease, and multiple comorbidities. Odds of MIS in emergency settings are lowest for patients with Medicaid insurance and highest clinical disease burden.
Inside the Math Trap: Chronic Math Tracking From High School to Community College:

Examining linked academic transcripts from urban community colleges and their feeder high schools, we identify math course-taking patterns that span sectors. We highlight stifled mobility and chron...
Parkinson's gait kinematics deteriorates across multiple cognitive domains under dual-task paradigms.

Abstract Objective The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) in many circumstances lead to gait dysfunction which contribute to decreased mobility, reduced quality of life, and increased risk of falling. Dual-task conditions have been shown to amplify gait dysfunction from a spatiotemporal parameter standpoint; however, less is known regarding gait joint kinematics under dual-task conditions in PD, specifically across multiple cognitive domains. The purpose of this project was to systematically characterize lower extremity joint kinematics in individuals with mild-moderate PD under dual-task paradigms across multiple cognitive domains. Patients and Methods Twenty-three individuals with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease participated in this observational study evaluating hip, knee, and ankle joint kinematics while walking on a self-paced treadmill under dual-task conditions that taxed memory, attention, verbal fluency, and information processing. Results Gait velocity and range of motion at the ankle, knee, and hip decreased (p Conclusion The worsening of gait kinematics under dual-task conditions regardless of the aspect of cognition being challenged suggest that information processing and motor output are unable to withstand dual-task loads without consequence. These study results provide insight for target areas to focus on during therapeutic interventions in order to help minimize gait kinematic decrements observed under dual-task conditions.
Localized Modes in Asymmetric Phononic Crystals

This paper reports on a localized mechanical resonance induced by a novel phononic crystal (PnC) design demonstrated in a $1\ \mu \mathrm{m}$ aluminum nitride (AlN) thin film. An asymmetric PnC with diagonal beam bridging discs in a square lattice generates an isolated mode inside the PnC bandgap defined by the flexural mode of the connecting beam. Here we investigate the properties of the PnC dispersion relations as a function of key design parameters, defining resonance cavities to excite the localized mode. PnC resonators with localized mode at 156 MHz are characterized as a function of central bar rotation angle ( $\theta$ ), number of actuation layers ( $\mathrm{N}_{act}$ ) and lateral periods (P). This analysis of electromechanical modes with designed flat dispersion relation is an important first step toward Density-Near-Zero (DNZ) metamaterials and resilient elastic wave manipulation on chip.
Renal medullary oxygenation decreases with lower body negative pressure in healthy young adults.

In healthy young adults, increased sympathetic activation induced by lower body negative pressure, led to a decrease in renal cortical and medullary oxygenation measured by T2*, a noninvasive magne...
Prescribing rates and characteristics of recipients of tenofovir-containing regimens before and after market entry of tenofovir alafenamide.

BACKGROUND: Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is a new formulation of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) that was approved in 2015. While clinical trial evidence suggests that TAF has more favorable out...
Police killings of unarmed black Americans: a reassessment of community mental health spillover effects

We reevaluate the claim from Bor et al. (2018: 302) that ‘police killings of unarmed black Americans have effects on mental health among black American adults in the general population.’ The Mappin...
Anisotropic mass transport using ionic liquid crystalline electrolytes to suppress lithium dendrite growth

Lithium metal as an anode has been widely accepted due to its higher negative electrochemical potential and theoretical capacity. Nevertheless, the existing safety and cyclability issues limit lithium metal anodes from practical use in high-energy density batteries. Repeated Li deposition and dissolution processes upon cycling lead to the formation of dendrites at the interface which results in reduced Li availability for electrochemical reactions, disruption in Li transport through the interface and increased safety concerns due to short circuiting. Here, we demonstrate a novel strategy using Ionic Liquid Crystals (ILCs) as the electrolyte cum pseudo-separator to suppress dendrite growth with their anisotropic properties controlling Li-ion mass transport. A thermotropic ILC with two-dimensional Li-ion conducting pathways was synthesized and characterized. Microscopic and spectroscopic analyses elucidate that the ILC formed with a smectic A phase, which can be utilized for wide temperature window operation. The results of electrochemical studies corroborate the efficacy of ILC electrolytes in mitigating dendrite formation even after 850 hours and it is further substantiated by numerical simulation and the mechanism involved in dendritic suppression was deduced.
Wideband flat bright-soliton Kerr-comb in thin film SiN

We demonstrate wideband flat bright-soliton Kerr-comb in thin-film foundry-compatible SiN platform. This is achieved using multi-segment coupled resonators. Multi-segment coupling with optimized coupling regions allow higher order dispersion engineering, paving the way toward wideband flat Kerr-comb around the pumping frequency. Here, using three coupling regions, we report a design based on thin-film SiN with 3dB spectral coverage of 3.8 THz around the pumping wavelength λ0 = 1550 nm.
In situ cancer vaccination using lipidoid nanoparticles

In situ vaccination is a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy owing to its convenience and the ability to induce numerous tumor antigens. However, the advancement of in situ vaccination techniques has been hindered by low cross-presentation of tumor antigens and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. To balance the safety and efficacy of in situ vaccination, we designed a lipidoid nanoparticle (LNP) to achieve simultaneously enhancing cross-presentation and STING activation. From combinatorial library screening, we identified 93-O17S-F, which promotes both the cross-presentation of tumor antigens and the intracellular delivery of cGAMP (STING agonist). Intratumor injection of 93-O17S-F/cGAMP in combination with pretreatment with doxorubicin exhibited excellent antitumor efficacy, with 35% of mice exhibiting total recovery from a primary B16F10 tumor and 71% of mice with a complete recovery from a subsequent challenge, indicating the induction of an immune memory against the tumor. This study provides a promising strategy for in situ cancer vaccination.
Feasibility of fully remote administration of problem-solving skills training (PSST) to adult cancer survivors in community settings.

1536Background: Cancer survivors experience significant stress throughout cancer treatment and especially during transition back to normal life. These stressors are particularly severe for rural or...