cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IL-13Rα2 mediates PNR-induced migration and metastasis in ERα-negative breast cancer

Emerging evidence has linked photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR/NR2E3), an orphan nuclear hormone receptor, to human breast cancer. PNR was shown to be a transcriptional activator of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) in ERα-positive breast cancer cell lines and high-level expression of PNR correlates with favorable response of ERα-positive breast cancer patients to tamoxifen. Interestingly, gene expression microarray study shows that PNR regulates distinct genes from those regulated by ERα, suggesting that PNR could have ERα-independent functions. Herein, we investigated the function of PNR in ERα-negative breast cancer cells. Our results showed that PNR-induced cell migration and metastasis of ERα-negative breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, and the effect was attributed to the upregulation of interleukin (IL)-13Rα2, a high-affinity receptor for IL-13 that regulates tumor growth, invasion and metastasis of various human cancers. Mechanistically, PNR activated transcription of IL-13Rα2 through direct recruitment to IL-13Rα2 promoter. Upon stimulation with IL-13, IL-13Rα2 increased the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 phosphorylation, which led to breast cancer migration and metastasis. The IL-13 triggered signal cascade was specific to IL-13Rα2, as the closely related IL-13Rα1 was not regulated by PNR. IL-13Rα2 is a novel tumor antigen that is overexpressed in a variety of solid tumor types. This study presents the first evidence that PNR could promote ERα-negative breast cancer metastasis through activation of IL-13Rα2-mediated signaling pathway.
Reclaiming Students’ Voices Fourth Graders’ Discussion of the Great Migration in a Climate of Paced Curriculum

In this study, a researcher investigated how teachers can negotiate their practice to engage high-needs students whose life experiences are not reflected in the curriculum, without compromising adm...
Visual illusion, tactile sensibility and reaction time under LSD-25.

A series of standard tasks: reaction times; simple light, simple buzzer, disjunctive light, and discriminative light; warmth detection, two-point discrimination, size constancy, Mueller-Lyer illusion, and color detection, were administered to subjects under LSD-25 and control states. A general impairment of reaction time and skin sensitivity was obtained. Color detection was unaffected and the illusions were enhanced. The data were interpreted as representing the result of damping of somaesthetic sensations and a reduction in visual cues.
Current status of halothane.

Halothane is far from being a simple anesthetic to administer; nonetheless, it deserves its good reputation. Experienced hands can turn its high potency into a distinct advantage. As a matter of prudence, a patient showing signs of previous abnormal sensitivity to the drug should not be reexposed to it.
The influence of myosin heavy chain isoform content on mechanical behavior of the vastus lateralis in vivo.

Abstract This study examined correlations between type I percent myosin heavy chain isoform content (%MHC) and mechanomyographic amplitude (MMG RMS ) during isometric muscle actions. Fifteen (age=21.63±2.39) participants performed 40% and 70% maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) of the leg extensors that included increasing, steady force, and decreasing segments. Muscle biopsies were collected and MMG was recorded from the vastus lateralis. Linear regressions were fit to the natural-log transformed MMG RMS –force relationships (increasing and decreasing segments) and MMG RMS was selected at the targeted force level during the steady force segment. Correlations were calculated among type I%MHC and the b (slopes) terms from the MMG RMS –force relationships and MMG RMS at the targeted force. For the 40% MVC, correlations were significant ( P b terms from the increasing ( r =−0.804) and decreasing ( r =−0.568) segments, and MMG RMS from the steady force segment ( r =−0.606). Type I%MHC was only correlated with MMG RMS during the steady force segment ( P =0.044, r =−0.525) during the 70% MVC. Higher type I%MHC reduced acceleration in MMG RMS ( b terms) during the 40% MVC and the amplitude during the steady force segments. The surface MMG signal recorded during a moderate intensity contraction provided insight on the contractile properties of the VL in vivo .
Choosing Wisely: more good clinical recommendations to improve health care quality and reduce harm.

The Choosing Wisely campaign provides key clinical recommendations for physicians and patients that promote best practices and help avoid unnecessary medical interventions.
Pathogenesis of Cholesterol Gallstones

The discovery that spontaneous gallstone formation occurs in the baboon provided an appropriate animal model for study of the relative contributions of the liver and gallbladder to cholelithiasis. Use of this model has shown that supersaturation of hepatic bile is normal during certain phases of the enterohepatic cycle and that local conditions within the gallbladder cannot be ruled out of the pathogenetic process.
Linker histones: novel insights into structure-specific recognition of the nucleosome

Linker histones (H1s) are a primary component of metazoan chromatin, fulfilling numerous functions, both in vitro and in vivo, including stabilizing the wrapping of DNA around the nucleosome, promoting folding and assembly of higher order chromatin structures, influencing nucleosome spacing on DNA, and regulating specific gene expression. However, many molecular details of how H1 binds to nucleosomes and recognizes unique structural features on the nucleosome surface remain undefined. Numerous, confounding studies are complicated not only by experimental limitations, but the use of different linker histone isoforms and nucleosome constructions. This review summarizes the decades of research that has resulted in several models of H1 association with nucleosomes, with a focus on recent advances that suggest multiple modes of H1 interaction in chromatin, while highlighting the remaining questions.
Pathogenesis of ascites and renal salt retention in cirrhosis

The sequence in which the various therapies discussed above are instituted can be viewed as a continuum that parallels the severity of the underlying cirrhotic state (Figure 6). In the earliest stages of the disease urinary sodium excretion is plentiful and negative salt balance can be achieved by simply lowering dietary sodium intake. As the disease advances neurohumoral effectors become more activated initially resulting in more intense renal salt retention and later in a progressive decline in renal function. Eventually, the filtered load of sodium becomes completely reabsorbed by the tubule and the final urine becomes virtually devoid of salt. If some component of the filtered load reaches the collecting duct or beyond, spironolactone will be effective in increasing urinary sodium excretion. Once sodium reabsorption is complete, proximal to the collecting duct, then thiazides and later loop diuretics will have to be added to spironolactone to increase urinary sodium excretion. Eventually, the filtered load is completely reabsorbed proximal to the thick ascending limb of Henle. At this point the patient is resistant to the effects of diuretics and requires more invasive procedures such as repetitive large volume paracentesis to remain in salt balance. In the terminal stages of the disease the glomerular filtration rate falls to such a degree that oliguria, azotemia, and eventually uremia are present and the patient is clinically diagnosed with hepatorenal syndrome. Vasoconstrictive input focused on the kidney is severe and irreversible. Renal failure is functional in nature; however, restoration of near normal renal function can be obtained following a liver transplant.
Design of strain compensated InGaAs/GaAsSb type-II quantum well structures for mid-infrared photodiodes

In this paper, the transition wavelength and wave function overlap of type-II InxGa1-xAs/GaAs1-ySby quantum wells are numerically calculated using a 4-band k · p Hamiltonian model. The simulation results indicate that absorption wavelength from 2 to 4 μm can be achieved with a strain compensated quantum well structure. The transition wavelength and wave function overlap can be optimized by properly selecting the thicknesses and composition of the quantum well layers.
High-speed amplitude modulation of femtosecond laser pulses for frequency-multiplexed two photon imaging

We present a frequency-multiplexed multi-site two-photon imaging method utilizing amplitude modulation of femtosecond laser pulses in the MHz range to tag each excitation beam and the corresponding fluorescence signals with specific frequencies. The frequency tags are generated with an interferometric setup employing acousto-optic deflectors (AODs) to achieve precise spatial overlap of femtosecond pulses with acoustically-shifted frequencies. Creating matching excitation beam patterns in each interferometer arm using multiple AOD driving frequencies and subsequently overlapping these matching patterns results in multiple excitation beams with unique beat frequencies available for scanning. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate multiplexed two-photon image acquisition using test samples, and compare the performance of this approach to conventional two-photon laser scanning microscopy.
Effects of Surface Impurities in Chemisorption and Catalysis

It has long been recognized that the addition of impurities to metal catalysts can produce large effects on the activity, selectivity, and resistance to poisoning of the pure metal [8.1]. For example, the catalytic properties of metals can be altered greatly by the addition of a second transition or Group 1B metal or by the addition of impurities such as potassium or sulfur. On the other hand, catalytic processing is often plagued by loss of activity and/or selectivity due to the inadvertent contamination of catalysts by undesirable impurities. In either case, the catalytic properties are dramatically altered by the modification of the chemistry by the impurity. Although these effects are well recognized in the catalytic industry, the mechanisms responsible for surface chemical changes induced by surface additives are poorly understood. However, the current interest and activity in this area of research promises a better understanding of the fundamentals by which impurities alter surface chemistry. A pivotal question concerns the underlying relative importance of ensemble (steric or local) versus electronic (nonlocal or extended) effects. A general answer to this question will critically influence the degree to which we will ultimately be able to tailor-make exceptionally efficient catalysts by fine-tuning the electronic structure.
The role of vitamin D in pre-eclampsia: a systematic review.

Abstract Background The etiology of pre-eclampsia (PE) is not yet fully understood, though current literature indicates an upregulation of inflammatory mediators produced by the placenta as a potential causal mechanism. Vitamin D is known to have anti-inflammatory properties and there is evidence of an inverse relationship between dietary calcium intake and the incidence of PE. Evidence of the role of vitamin D status and supplementation in the etiology and prevention of PE is reviewed in this article along with identification of research gaps to inform future studies. Methods We conducted a structured literature search using MEDLINE electronic databases to identify published studies until February 2015. These sources were retrieved, collected, indexed, and assessed for availability of pregnancy-related data on PE and vitamin D. Results Several case-control studies and cross-sectional studies have shown an association between vitamin D status and PE, although evidence has been inconsistent. Clinical trials to date have been unable to show an independent effect of vitamin D supplementation in preventing PE. Conclusions The included clinical trials do not show an independent effect of vitamin D supplementation in preventing PE; however, issues with dose, timing, and duration of supplementation have not been completely addressed.
Abstract 18132: Extracellular Vesicles Secreted From Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Mature Cardiomyocyte Proliferation

It is well known that the heart cannot regenerate adequately after injury due to limited regenerative capacity of myocardium. Previous studies indicated that the paracrine factors released from ste...
Termination of tachycardia with resolution of left bundle branch block: What is the mechanism?

Correctly diagnosing supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) in the electrophysiology (EP) laboratory is often challenging. It may be possible to reach the correct diagnosis by closely examining tachycardia termination. We present an intracardiac electrocardiographic tracing of nonsustained SVT termination that correctly identifies the SVT mechanism.
Effects of job perceptions on job behaviors

Abstract We investigate the relationship between salesperson job perception and job behaviors and their effects on sales performance. Hypotheses are tested using a sample of automobile salespeople. Generally, results show that job involvement is positively related to working hard, but no significant relationship existed with working smart. Job challenge is positively related to both working hard and working smart. Finally, both working hard and working smart are positively related to performance. Discussion of hypothesis support is presented and implications for sales managers, limitations of the study and future research opportunities are then discussed.
Minkowski Normals for Polycircles

In this paper we will discuss the average number of normals through a point in a convex body in a Minkowski plane where the unit disk is a polygon.
Pyeloduodenal fistula as a result of pyonephrosis.

Fistulae between the kidney and the duodenum are rare1,4. Most of these cases involved the right kidney, given its proximity to the intestinal tract.2 These cases have occurred usually as a result of chronic renal inflammation.2 They can occur from pyogenic infections of the kidney, inflammatory bowel disease, tuberculosis, penetrating trauma and neoplasms.1,3
Suicidal thought and behavior in individuals with restless legs syndrome

Abstract Background Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is associated with an unrelenting urge to move at night, which can cause chronic sleeplessness, depression, and despondency; thus increasing risk of suicide. We aimed to determine frequency of suicidal ideation and behavior in RLS. Methods RLS and control participants were recruited through community and RLS Foundation advertisements. RLS diagnosis was confirmed using the Cambridge–Hopkins RLS Questionnaire and severity was assessed using the International RLS Study Group Severity Scale (IRLSS). Lifetime suicidal ideation (plan) and behavior (attempt) was assessed using the Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire-revised. The Brief Lifetime Depression Scale evaluated lifetime depression history. Forward stepwise logistic regression determined the odds of suicidal ideation or behavior. Results In this study, 192 RLS and 158 control participants were comparable for age, sex, race, and other potential demographic confounders. In general, RLS was moderate-to-severe (mean IRLSS 26.4 ± 7.5). Significantly more RLS than control participants had lifetime suicidal ideation or behavior (27.1% vs. 7.0%; p Conclusions Lifetime suicidal ideation or behavior is prevalent in RLS sufferers, and its likelihood is dependent on RLS severity and depression history.
School Nurses’ Perceived Barriers and Perceptual Influences When Implementing AED Programs:

School nurses' experienced barriers and benefits with perceptions of self-efficacy are important factors to consider for program implementation in the school setting. Little research has been done in the area of automated external defibrillator (AED) program implementation by the school nurse for the treatment of sudden cardiac arrest. The purpose of this study was to identify benefits of and barriers to AED program implementation in public schools and measure school nurses' self-efficacy related to their role as a change agent in program implementation. Results revealed that school nurses are functioning with a high level of self-efficacy in their ability to influence major health-care decisions in the school setting, and despite barriers, AED program implementation is considered beneficial and a necessary component of emergency care.
Multi-class Agent-Based Model of Crowd Dynamics

This paper describes a modified agent-based model (ABM) that simulates crowd behavior within dynamically changing environments. These include network topology changes, or external stimuli such as explosions, fires, earthquakes, just to name a few. In general, crowd dynamics simulation is relatively difficult to carry out because the behavior-influencing factors may come from within as well as outside of the system. The proposed modeling system employs a hybrid centralized approach (to assist the individual agents with their decision-making) that is based on both the local and/or incomplete/indirect global information.
Birmingham Children’s Crusade of 1963

This chapter highlights the accomplishments and historical significance of children in the civil rights movement. The Children’s Crusade in Birmingham was a pivotal event in the civil rights movement, which was planned and executed by young people. The chapter also offers a critical analysis of the role young people had in contributing to their growth and development, especially as it relates to the civil rights movement in America.
Real-time Metacognition Feedback for Introductory Programming Using Machine Learning

This is a Work in Progress Research to Practice Category paper. Research has shown that novice programmers struggle with learning introductory concepts and find it difficult to monitor their own progress. Teachers often have hundreds of students and multiple sections of programming courses to teach, making it infeasible to provide the amount of independent feedback each student may need to flourish. With limited instructor feedback, students who can self-monitor and self-assess their programming metacognition have a higher chance of developing a process for solving programming challenges. In this paper, we expand on the literate programming paradigm by using natural language processing and machine learning methods to automatically analyze and classify student programming metacognition levels through their source code comments. Our intent is to ultimately integrate our classification models into an interactive developer environment to provide real-time feedback to students about their metacognition while learning to program.
Do Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Scales Demonstrate Responsiveness as Well as Disease-Specific Scales in Patients Undergoing Knee Arthroscopy?

Background:The Patient Reported Outcomes Information System (PROMIS) is an efficient metric able to detect changes in global health.Purpose:To assess the responsiveness, convergent validity, and cl...
Designing and realization an ECG based the Arduino Mega 2560 development board

The paper presents several aspects concerning the design and construction of an ECG using an Arduino Mega 2560 development board and a click ECG module. In the first part of the paper are presented some notions regarding electrocardiography. Electrocardiography is used to diagnose cardiovascular disease and monitor heart health. This type of test is easy to use because electrodes are placed in certain regions on the chest, arms, and legs that are connected by wires to an ECG device. The second part of the paper presents the main components of the device: the Arduino platform, the ECG cables, the ECG click module, the Arduino Mega Click Shield, the WI-FI module and the ECG simulator. The recording system can be on thermosensitive paper, ink, cathode ray tube TFT, and LCD. The last part of the paper is dedicated to testing the device and explaining the way how to do a test.
Reciprocal associations between depression and screen-based sedentary behaviors in adolescents differ by depressive symptom dimension and screen-type.

Abstract Background The heterogeneity of depression and sedentary behavior complicates understanding of mechanisms underlying and interventions addressing comorbid depression and sedentary behavior in adolescents. This study investigated reciprocal associations between four depressive symptom dimensions and two types of screen-based sedentary behaviors in adolescents, and tested whether these associations differed by sex. Methods A school-based longitudinal cohort (N = =2,717, baseline Mage=14.57 years) completed questionnaires during two assessments one year apart. Participants reported on levels of four depressive symptom dimensions (continuous) and television viewing and computer/videogame use (≥2 h/day; yes vs. no). Results Reciprocal associations between computer/videogame use and higher negative affect symptoms were observed (computer/video games predicting negative affect, β=0.06, 95%CI 0.01–0.11, p = =0.01; negative affect predicting computer/video games, OR 1.29, 95%CI 1.06–1.58, p = =0.01). The relationship between baseline computer/videogame use and subsequent negative affect differed by sex (p = =0.02), and was significant in girls (β=0.11, 95%CI 0.04–0.18, p = =0.002), but not boys (β=0.004, 95%CI -0.06–0.07, p = =0.90). Baseline computer/videogame use predicted somatic symptoms at follow-up (β=0.06, 95%CI 0.01–0.10, p = =0.02), but the reverse association was non-significant. Higher baseline positive affect predicted computer/videogame use at follow-up (OR 1.16, 95%CI 1.02–1.31, p = =0.02), but the reverse association was non-significant. Television viewing was unrelated to each depressive symptom dimension in either direction. Limitations Self-reports may be subject to recall errors and biases, and do not provide clinical diagnoses. Conclusions Associations are not uniform across screen-based sedentary behavior type, depressive symptom dimension, and sex. The association between computer/videogame use and negative affect symptoms may be reciprocal across time and particularly robust among girls.
Museum of speed

Adrian S. Wisnicki's principal research questions center on three areas: • Digital Humanities Technology: How can state-of-the-art imaging technology, particularly multispectral imaging and processing technology, be applied to the study of literary manuscripts in order to expand what we understand about the composition history of those texts and the environmental conditions in which those text were produced and have been preserved? • Digital Humanties Design: How do we design and develop DH projects in a manner that a) promotes robust and sustained use rather than just access, b) is transparent and replicable, and c) fosters the long-term preservation of underlying digital data? • British Literary Studies/Non-Western History: How can study of the archive of exploration (e.g., diaries, letters, notes, hand-drawn maps and sketches) transform our understanding of the history and representation of intercultural encounter across the nineteenth-century globe?
KMT2D links TGF-β Signalling to Non-Canonical Activin Pathway and Regulates Pancreatic Cancer Cell Plasticity

Abstract Although KMT2D, also known as MLL2, is known to play an essential role in development, differentiation, and tumor suppression, its role in pancreatic cancer development is not well understood. Here, we discovered a novel signaling axis mediated by KMT2D, which links TGF-β to the activin A pathway. We found that TGF-β upregulates a microRNA, miR-147b, which in turn leads to post-transcriptional silencing of KMT2D. Loss of KMT2D induces the expression and secretion of activin A, which activates a non-canonical p38 MAPK-mediated pathway to modulate cancer cell plasticity, promote a mesenchymal phenotype, and enhance tumor invasion and metastasis in mice. We observed a decreased KMT2D expression in human primary and metastatic pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, inhibition or knockdown of activin A reversed the pro-tumoral role of KMT2D. These findings reveal a tumor-suppressive role of KMT2D and identify miR-147b and activin A as novel therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer.
Outcomes following surgery for primary mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors in the cisplatin era.

Abstract Objective Treatment of primary mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors involves cisplatin-based chemotherapy followed by surgery to remove residual disease. We undertook a study to determine short and long-term outcomes. Methods A retrospective analysis of patients with primary mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors who underwent surgery at our institution from 1982 to 2017 was performed. Results A total of 255 patients (mean age, 29.2 years) were identified. Acute respiratory distress syndrome occurred postoperatively in 27 patients (10.9%), which was responsible for all 11 (4.3%) postoperative deaths. Of patients who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, more patients received bleomycin-containing chemotherapy (25 out of 169; 14.8%) than non-bleomycin regimens (2 out of 77; 2.6%) (P = .004). With respect to variables independently predictive of long-term survival, evidence of choriocarcinoma before chemotherapy (n = 12) was determined to be an adverse factor (P = .006). In contrast, biopsy-proven elements of seminoma (n = 34) were predictive of improved survival (P = .04). The worst pathology identified in the residual mediastinal mass after chemotherapy was necrosis in 61 patients (25.0%), teratoma in 84 patients (34.4%), and malignant (persistent germ cell or non–germ cell cancer) in 97 patients (39.8%), which influenced overall survival (P 50% of the residual mass (n = 47) had a 2.3-fold increased risk of death compared with ≤50% malignancy (n = 45; P = .008). Finally, elevated postoperative serum tumor markers (n = 40) was significantly predictive of adverse survival (P Conclusions In the treatment of primary mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors, avoiding bleomycin-containing chemotherapy is important. Pre- and postchemotherapy pathology and postoperative serum tumor markers are independent predictors of long-term survival.
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts: Advances and New Uses in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts is an established treatment for portal hypertensive complications. Advancements in technology and technique have led to novel indications, including treatment of chronic portal vein thrombosis and use before abdominal surgery to alleviate portal hypertensive complications. Use of TIPS can facilitate the embolization of large portal-systemic shunts to alleviate refractory hepatic encephalopathy owing to excessive portal shunting. Despite these advances, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts is an invasive procedure with risk for complications and should be performed at a center with expertise to ensure a successful patient outcome.
Left Atrial Posterior Wall Isolation

Management of persistent atrial fibrillation is highly controversial. Posterior wall isolation has been shown to provide reduction in atrial fibrillation recurrence. This case provides an example of posterior wall isolation using endocardial/epicardial substrate abatement to eliminate contribution to AF arrhythmogenesis.
The Structure of Winds in AGB Stars

Most dusty winds are described by a set of similarity functions of a single independent variable that can be chosen as τV, the overall optical depth at visual. The self-similarity implies general scaling relations among the system parameters, in agreement with observations. Dust drift through the gas has a major impact on the structure of most winds
Multi-satellite cloud product generation over land and ocean using canonical coordinate features

Typical neural network approaches to cloud classification use labels that are arbitrary in interpretation. A new method of labeling is presented in order to provide more meaningful labels for clouds based on their compositions. These labels are derived from the cloud products of the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument. The products from the MODIS instrument are widely accepted as the state-of-the-art by the meteorological community, but are not available at a regular temporal frequency over one specific region due to the polar orbiting nature of the instrument. Moreover, the algorithms used to create these products cannot simply be applied to other more temporally regular satellite data. An innovative method is presented to estimate MODIS-like cloud products from the geostationary satellite Meteosat 8. This method exploits the common characteristics between MODIS and Meteosat 8 by using a canonical coordinate decomposition (CCD) to develop features of Meteosat 8 that are most coherent with MODIS for classification purposes. The CCD analysis is performed separately between the visible, infrared, and water vapor channels of both satellite instruments. The canonical coordinate features of Meteosat 8 are labelled with the MODIS product labels, when both data sets are present, to create the training set for a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) classification system. The quality of the generated cloud products has been demonstrated on several data sets from July 2004.
Chyluria and pregnancy.

Abstract 1. 1. A case report of chyluria recurrent after three successive gestations is presented. 2. 2. Lymphatic obstruction, resulting in stasis and ectasia, with subsequent rupture into the urinary tract appears to be the chief etiological factor in chyluria. 3. 3. Chyluria has no adverse effect on pregnancy. Reports in the literature and the case presented suggest that pregnancy may aggravate or predispose to chyluria. 4. 4. A discussion of the symptoms, diagnosis, and therapy of this condition is presented.
A SEC-BED-DED code with byte plus bit error detection

A code is presented which is designed to protect a 64 bit word, consisting of 8 bytes of 8 bits each, against both byte errors and single bit errors occurring in computer memories. Two check bytes are appended to give an overall length of 80 bits. The code then provides the often studied SEC-BED-DED level of error protection; that is, single error correction, byte error detection and double error detection are available simultaneously. In addition, the code detects a byte error together with a single random error occurring concurrently in another byte. Some implementation issues such as systematic versus separable encoding are considered. >
Employment Patterns in RN Refresher Graduates: A 4-Year Follow-Up

Refresher courses are a common pathway for updating the knowledge and skills of nurses returning to practice. The Arizona Board of Nursing requires a refresher course for nurses who practice less than 960 hours in the 5 years before licensure re- newal. The long-term effectiveness of registered nurse (RN) refresher courses was evaluated by examining employment among refresher cohort nurses (RCNs) 4 years after course completion and comparing the results to those for the reference population of RNs (RRNs). Results revealed that slightly more RCNs (85% vs. 80% and 82%) renewed their license than RRNs. RCNs worked less often in hospitals yet more often in medical-surgical practice and more often part time and seasonally.This study confirms that refresher courses are a cost-effective way to increase the working RN population. The study provides evidence to support medical-surgical-based refresher courses with optional course work in specialty areas and clinical experiences in a variety of settings.
The Effect of Campaign Contributions on Judicial Decisionmaking

In this paper we address a pressing issue on the contemporary political agenda: Is justice for sale? The implications of such a relationship between campaign contributions and judicial decisions, if it exists, merit a thorough empirical investigation regarding the existence of quid pro quo exchanges between judges and their campaign contributors. We examine decisions by judges on both nonpartisan (Nevada) and partisan (Michigan, Texas) supreme courts in the 2005 term. While we do not find any evidence of a relationship between contributions and the votes of judges in Nevada, it does appear that there is a quid pro quo relationship between contributors and votes in Michigan and Texas. Using an instrumental variables probit model, we are able to control for the endogeneity between contributions and votes and thus can conclude that contributions drive judicial votes, and not the other way around. While we only examine three states and one year here, the results suggest that there may be circumstances where the appearance of impropriety surrounding campaign contributions and judicial decisionmaking may be an empirical reality.
DISTINCTIONS AMONG ALLELIC VARIANTS ASSOCIATED WITH CHROMOSOME 3 INVERSIONS IN DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA AND DROSOPHILA PERSIMILIS

ABSTRACT Efforts were made to discriminate new genetic variants among electrophoretic alleles that are associated with chromosome 3 inversions of Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis . Apparent genetic similarities for electrophoretic alleles between these two species and among the common inversions they carry were reexamined by altering gel concentration and buffer pH. At the amylase locus, the 1.09 electrophoretic allele could be further separated into two allelic classes that differentiated the WT and KL arrangements. Similarly, the 0.84 electrophoretic allele was divided into two allelic classes, one characteristic of the Santa Cruz phylad arrangements, TL and SC, and the other found in strains of the Standard phylad arrangements and CH. Uncommon amylase alleles proved to be different alleles in the two species. No new allelic variants, however, could be found among strains with the amylase 1.00 allele, the commonest allele in the Standard phylad of both species. No major new allelic variation was detected for acid phosphatase-3 and larval protein-10 that revealed any further differentiation among species or inversions. Variation at all three loci in strains of the Bogota population remained genetically similar to variation in strains of mainland D. pseudoobscura .
Experimental analysis of biomass gasification with steam and oxygen

Abstract Parametric tests are performed on an indirectly heated, fluidized bed biomass gasifier. The test system allows feedstock, oxygen, nitrogen, and steam flow rates, and temperature to be controlled independently. Gas residence time, temperature, equivalence ratio, and steam:biomass ratio are varied, and product gas composition and select gasification parameters are evaluated and compared with theoretical predictions.
HLA mismatch direction in cord blood transplantation: impact on outcome and implications for cord blood unit selection

Donor-recipient human leukocyte antigen mismatch level affects the outcome of unrelated cord blood (CB) transplantation. To identify possible “permissive” mismatches, we examined the relationship between direction of human leukocyte antigen mismatch (“vector”) and transplantation outcomes in 1202 recipients of single CB units from the New York Blood Center National Cord Blood Program treated in United States Centers from 1993-2006. Altogether, 98 donor/patient pairs had only unidirectional mismatches: 58 in the graft-versus-host (GVH) direction only (GVH-O) and 40 in the host-versus-graft or rejection direction only (R-O). Engraftment was faster in patients with GVH-O mismatches compared with those with 1 bidirectional mismatch (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.6, P = .003). In addition, patients with hematologic malignancies given GVH-O grafts had lower transplantation-related mortality (HR = 0.5, P = .062), overall mortality (HR = 0.5, P = .019), and treatment failure (HR = 0.5, P = .016), resulting in outcomes similar to those of matched CB grafts. In contrast, R-O mismatches had slower engraftment, higher graft failure, and higher relapse rates (HR = 2.4, P = .010). Based on our findings, CB search algorithms should be modified to identify unidirectional mismatches. We recommend that transplant centers give priority to GVH-O-mismatched units over other mismatches and avoid selecting R-O mismatches, if possible.
Renormalization group studies on four-fermion interaction instabilities on algebraic spin liquids

We study the instabilities caused by four-fermion interactions on algebraic spin liquids. Renormalization group (RG) is used for three types of previously proposed spin liquids on the square lattice: the staggered flux state of SU(2) spin system, the $\ensuremath{\pi}$-flux state of SU(4) spin system, and the $\ensuremath{\pi}$-flux state of SU(2) spin system. The low-energy field theories of the first two types of spin liquids are QED3 with emerged SU(4) and SU(8) flavor symmetries, the low-energy theory of the $\ensuremath{\pi}$-flux SU(2) spin liquid is the QCD3 with SU(2) gauge field and emergent Sp(4) [SO(5)] flavor symmetry. Suitable large-$N$ generalization of these spin liquids are discussed, and a systematic $1/N$ expansion is applied to the RG calculations. The most relevant four-fermion perturbations are identified, and the possible phases driven by relevant perturbations are discussed.
Understanding suicide among older adults: a review of psychological and sociological theories of suicide

Objectives: Older adults die by suicide at a higher rate than any other age group in nearly every country globally. Suicide among older adults has been an intractable clinical and epidemiological problem for decades, due in part to an incomplete understanding of the causes of suicide, as well as imprecision in the prediction and prevention of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in later life. Theory-driven investigations hold promise in addressing these gaps by systematically identifying testable, and thus falsifiable, mechanisms that may better explain this phenomenon and also point to specific interventions.Method: In this article, we comprehensively review key extant psychological and sociological theories of suicide and discuss each theory's applicability to the understanding and prevention of suicide among older adults.Results: Despite a modest number of theories of suicide, few have undergone extensive empirical investigation and scrutiny, and even fewer have been applied specifically to older adults.Co...
Relational communication in health care

This paper provides a review and critique of research relevant to the role of relational communication in health care. Different areas of health communication research are identified and discussed. Limitations of past research to provide a useable integrated model of relational health communication processes are examined. An integrating perspective for health communication research concerning development of health communication competencies for both patients and providers is suggested.
The relationship of thought disorder to third ventricle width and calcification of the pineal gland in chronic schizophrenia.

Since the early writings of Bleuler in 1908, it has been recognized that schizophrenia is a heterogenous disorder with diversity in symptomatology, course, prognosis, and probably etiology. Over the past 50 years, considerable research has been devoted to the prognosis of schizophrenia and despite variability among findings, certain historical and clinical predictors have been established. A recent study undertaken in 58 DSM-III diagnosed schizophrenic inpatients found that of the various clinical clusters assessed prospectively, thought disorder stood out as the single most salient predictor of poor outcome (Kay & Murrill, 1990). In the present study I have investigated the relationship of thought disorder to CT scan measures of third ventricle width (TVW), prefrontal cortical atrophy, and cortical atrophy in 14 chronic schizophrenic patients. In addition, I have studied the relationship of thought disorder to pineal calcification (PC) and choroid plexus (CP) sizes in 20 chronic schizophrenic patients. T...
Temporal Variations of the Tropical 40-50 Day Oscillation

In recent years there has been a great deal of interest in a quasi-periodic tropical oscillation of zonal winds, which was first reported by Madden and Julian. An attempt to determine the temporal variation of the oscillation parameters is presented here. Using a 4-year duration global time series and a 25-year station time series, it is found that although the nonseasonal variations are large, any seasonal cycle in the oscillation amplitude and frequency must be very small. The small seasonal signal in the oscillation frequency seems to argue against explanations for the time scale based on Doppler-shifted traveling waves.
Preparation of 3β‐Acetoxy‐17a‐Oxo‐Androst‐5‐Ene‐7,17‐Dione, a Biologically Active Impurity Isolated from the Production of 3β‐Acetoxyandrost‐5‐Ene‐7,17‐Dione

Abstract An impurity isolated during the kilo‐lab preparation of 3β‐acetoxyandrost‐5‐ene‐7,17‐dione was identified as 3β‐acetoxy‐17a‐oxo‐androst‐5‐ene‐7,17‐dione. This novel D‐ring secosteroid was postulated to be a Baeyer–Villiger oxidation by‐product of the preparation reaction. A genuine sample was prepared by the selective peracid‐mediated Baeyer–Villiger reaction on 3β‐acetoxyandrost‐5‐ene‐7,17‐dione (7‐oxo‐DHEA acetate), confirming the novel structure.
Beams for the Intensity Frontier of Particle Physics

Advances in high intensity beams have driven particle physics forward since the inception of the field. State-of-the-art and next generation high intensity beams will drive experiments searching for ultrarare processes sensitive through quantum corrections to new particle states far beyond the reach of direct production in foreseeable beam colliders. The recent discovery of the ultrarare B meson decay Bs → μμ, with a branching fraction of 3 × 10-9 for example, has set stringent limits on new physics within direct reach of the Large Hadron Collider. Today, even in the context of the Higgs boson discovery, observation of finite neutrino masses is the only laboratory evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. The tiny mass scale of neutrinos may foretell and one day expose physics that connects quarks and leptons together at the "grand unification" scale and may be the portal through which our world came to the matter-dominated state so different from conditions we expect in the early universe. Here we describe next generation neutrino and rare processes experiments that will deeply probe these and other questions central to the field of particle physics.
Retrieval Time in a Monaural Listening Task

Abstract This study examined the possible role of retrieval and/or storage processes in auditory asymmetry phenomena. Subjects pressed a left- or right-hand key labeled “yes” or “no” to indicate whether a monaural tone had just been presented to the ear specified by a left or right probe light. Subjects were faster in indicating that the probed ear had been stimulated than in indicating that it had not been stimulated. Subjects also responded faster, when the location of the response key and probe light corresponded than when they did not. The methodological implications of the latter finding for research on hemispheric dominance were discussed. Finally, there was no evidence that retrieval time varied as a function of either the ear probed or the ear stimulated.
Ketamine as an Adjunct to Postoperative Pain Management in Opioid Tolerant Patients after Spinal Fusions: A Prospective Randomized Trial:

Management of acute postoperative pain is challenging, particularly in patients with preexisting narcotic dependency. Ketamine has been used at subanesthetic doses as a N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist to block the processing of nociceptive input in chronic pain syndromes. This prospective randomized study was designed to assess the use of ketamine as an adjunct to acute pain management in narcotic tolerant patients after spinal fusions. Twenty-six patients for 1–2 level posterior lumbar fusions with segmental instrumentation were randomly assigned to receive ketamine or act as a control. Patients in the ketamine group received 0.2 mg/kg on induction of general anesthesia and then 2 mcg kg−1 hour−1 for the next 24 hours. Patients were extubated in the operating room and within 15 minutes of arriving in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) were started on intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) hydromorphone without a basal infusion. Patients were assessed for pain (numerical rating scale [NRS]), narcotic use, level of sedation, delirium, and physical therapy milestones until discharge. The ketamine group had significantly less pain during their first postoperative hour in the PACU (NRS 4.8 vs 8.7) and continued to have less pain during the first postoperative day at rest (3.6 vs 5.5) and with physical therapy (5.6 vs 8.0). Three patients in the control group failed PCA pain management and were converted to intravenous ketamine infusions when their pain scores improved. Patients in the ketamine group required less hydromorphone than the control group, but the differences were not significant. Subanesthetic doses of ketamine reduced postoperative pain in narcotic tolerant patients undergoing posterior spine fusions.
Delayed/salvage radiation therapy in patients with elevated prostate specific antigen levels after radical prostatectomy: A long term follow‐up

BACKGROUND In this article the authors report an analysis and long term results of delayed/salvage radiation therapy administered to asymptomatic patients who had an elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) level, many months to many years after radical prostatectomy. METHODS During 1987 to 1990, 40 asymptomatic patients were found to have an elevated PSA level 9 to 96 months after radical prostatectomy. The patients underwent transrectal needle aspiration biopsy of the urethrovesicle junction anastomosis (uvj); 28 patients had a positive biopsy and 12 patients had a negative biopsy. Delayed/salvage radiation therapy was administered to the pelvis (45 Gray [Gy]) and prostate bed (59.5 Gy), including the uvj. RESULTS Twenty-four of 37 patients (65%) were free of clinical disease. In 10 patients (27%), the radiation therapy resulted in a durable decrease in the elevated PSA level below a detectable level for a minimum 5-year follow-up. Five patients were alive with clinical disease. Eight died of disease. Three patients were lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This experience shows that delayed/salvage radiation therapy to the pelvis (45 Gy) and prostate bed (59.5 Gy), even many years after radical prostatectomy for pathologic stage pB, pC, and pD1 carcinoma of the prostate, was well tolerated and provided freedom from clinical disease in 24 of 37 patients (65%), and a decrease in elevated PSA level in 10 patients (27%). Delayed/salvage radiation therapy appears to be beneficial for patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy only and then developed rising PSA levels during the follow-up period. Cancer 1996;78:1254-9.