cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Being an Elbow: A Phenomenological Autoethnography of Faculty-Student Collaboration for Accommodations

Hybrid and online courses and advances in assistive technologies make accommodating students with disabilities ever-changing, requiring innovation. This reality, coupled with students’ reluctance to disclose disabilities, points toward a need for replacing accommodations directed at those with disabilities with universal design whereby they become accessible to all—virtually eliminating the need for accommodations. In this paper, a master's of social work student (Chad) and his instructor (Regina) document their collaborations to revise a social work research course to meet his request for accommodations to make options more universally accessible. These revisions are done through reflections from both Chad and Regina from a phenomenological autoethnographic perspective—depicting their lived experiences.
Rebellion, mediation, and group change An empirical investigation of competing hypotheses

Multilateral and diplomatic resolutions to intrastate conflicts are the preferred method of termination. However, mediated settlements tend toward failure and conflict recurrence. A significant fac...
SCM Simulations of Tropical Ice Clouds Using Observationally Based Parameterizations of Microphysics

Abstract A new bulk parameterization of the dependence of ice cloud effective radius (re) on ice water content (IWC) is developed using in situ observations of the size and shape of ice crystals in tropical anvils. This work extends previous parameterizations because information about the number, size, and shape of ice crystals with diameters smaller than 100 μm is included and in that a range of possible fit coefficients, rather than single values, is given to reflect the fact that re can vary significantly about its mean parameterized value. The parameterization is implemented in the Scripps single column model (SCM), and simulations of tropical clouds over the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program's tropical western Pacific (TWP) site and over the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) domain are conducted. Sensitivity studies determine how the range of possible fit coefficients, which reflects the uncertainty in the parameterization of re, ...
An efficient diode-based Ti:sapphire ultrafast laser

175-mW of 50-fs pulses and 30-mW of SHG is generated by a Ti:sapphire ultrafast laser pumped with a 780-mW power 532-nm intracavity doubled Nd:YAG ring laser pumped with a single 4-W GaAlAs diode. Reducing the 532-nm power to 600-mW produced more than 100-mW from a prism compensated ultrafast laser and more than 75-mW from a GTI mirror compensated version.
Survival of Phenotypic Information during Cellular Growth Transitions.

Phenotypic memory can predispose cells to physiological outcomes, contribute to heterogeneity in cellular populations, and allow computation of environmental features, such as nutrient gradients. In bacteria and synthetic circuits in general, memory can often be set by protein concentrations: because of the relative stability of proteins, the degradation rate is often dominated by the growth rate, and inheritance is a significant factor. Cells can then be primed to respond to events that recur with frequencies faster than the time to eliminate proteins. Protein memory can be extended if cells reach extremely low growth rates or no growth. Here we characterize the necessary time scales for different quantities of protein memory, measured as relative entropy (Kullback–Leibler divergence), for a variety of cellular growth arrest transition dynamics. We identify a critical manifold in relative protein degradation/growth arrest time scales where information is, in principle, preserved indefinitely because prot...
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON RESPIRATION : XV. THE EFFECT OF BILE SALTS AND OF SAPONIN UPON RESPIRATION.

1. The addition of Na taurocholate produces an increase in the rate of respiration at a concentration of 0.0000125 M, and a decrease at 0.001 M and in higher concentrations. 2. NaCl is antagonized by Na taurocholate, the most favorable proportion being 14,375 parts of NaCl to 1 part of Na taurocholate (molecular proportions). 3. Solutions of saponin, at concentrations from 0.00005 M to 0.001 M, decrease the rate of respiration: lower concentrations produce no effect.
The JGTRRAs Tax Rate Cuts: A Financial Incentive For Tax Planning By Owner/Executives Of Small To Medium Closely Held C-Corporations

The Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 (JGTRRA), creates a financial incentive for the owner/executives of small to medium size closely held corporations to deviate from the Pre-JGTRRA 2002 historical allocations of average taxable corporate income before owner/executive compensation to taxable salary and qualifying dividends. For purposes of comparison, this paper summarizes the 2002 tax year average taxable corporate incomes before owner/executive compensation for small to medium size closely held corporations, the 2002 average allocations to taxable salary and bonuses or qualifying dividend income and the tax consequences of those allocations. The 2002 tax year average allocations and tax consequences calculated using the JGTRRA’s tax bases and rate parameters are compared with the results of an iterative numerical search procedure that incorporates the JGTRRA’s tax base and tax rate parameters to mathematically estimate tax-minimizing allocations to owner/executive salary and bonuses versus dividends. Comparisons of the estimated tax-minimizing allocations’ 2004 (JGTTRA) tax consequences with the 2002 (using JGTTRA) tax year’s average historical allocations’ tax consequences indicate that the JGTRRA has created a financial incentive to deviate from the historical allocations to salary and bonuses versus dividends of the taxable corporate income before owner/executive compensation. One caveat or constraint to adjusting historical allocations to tax-minimizing allocations would be that the Internal Revenue Service might challenge adjusted allocations as unreasonably low salary compensation that would deprive the treasury of Social Security and Medicare taxes. Another constraint is that the iterative computations are ceteris paribus for those factors not included in the computational formula. Specifically this paper does not model for tax deferred contributions to retirement plans and does not model for the impact of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 and the deduction for qualified U.S. production activities.
RNA Sequencing for Identification of Differentially Expressed Noncoding Transcripts during Adipogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells.

Background:Adipose-derived stromal cells represent a relatively abundant source of multipotent cells, with many potential applications in regenerative medicine. The present study sought to demonstrate the use of RNA sequencing in identifying differentially expressed transcripts, particularly long no
Electrophoretic Patterns of Seminal Plasma from Some “Abnormal” Human Semens.∗

SummaryElectrophoretic examination of the plasmas from specimens of human semen which were either (1) abnormally viscous or in which (2) the sperm were either poorly motile or non-motile, or which (3) contained no sperm revealed no definitely significant deviation in protein components from normal specimens. Components P1 (proteose), P2 and P3 (globulins) were present in all these specimens as they are in normal ones. Component P2a (globulin), described in an earlier report as being present in occasional normal specimens, was found in some of the abnormal ones also. Normal specimens contain either P4 or P5 (glycoprotein) or both. Component P5 was present in all the abnormal specimens. The absence of P4 from all but one of these is noteworthy, but the varied nature of the abnormality makes interpretation difficult.§
A test of transition state theory against exact quantum mechanical calculations

Abstract Transition state theory is tested against accurate rate constants for the collinear H + H 2 reaction on a realistic potential energy surface. For this reaction the theory is fairly accurate at high temperatures but is very inaccurate at low temperatures.
Estradiol suppresses mesangial cell type I collagen synthesis via activation of the MAP kinase cascade.

We have previously shown that estradiol suppresses the synthesis of type I collagen by murine mesangial cells grown in the presence of serum via activation of the transcription factor activator pro...
Identification and analysis of MHV-A59 P28 cleavage site.

During translation of Murine hepatitis virus (MHV-A59) ORF1a, p28, the N-terminal polypeptide is cleaved from the growing polypeptide chain. Amino terminal radiosequencing of the resulting downstream cleavage product demonstrated that cleavage occurs between Gly247 and Val248. Site directed mutagenesis of amino acids surrounding the p28 cleavage site revealed that substitutions of Arg246 (P2) and Gly247 (P1) nearly eliminated cleavage of p28. Single amino acid substitutions of other residues between P7 and P2′ were generally permissive for cleavage although a few changes did greatly reduce proteolysis. The amino acids around the p28 cleavage site represent a new sequence recognized by a virus encoded papain-like proteinase.
Dynamic and Stable Cohesins Regulate Synaptonemal Complex Assembly and Chromosome Segregation

Assembly of the synaptonemal complex (SC) in Drosophila depends on two independent pathways defined by the chromosome axis proteins C(2)M and ORD. Because C(2)M encodes a Kleisin-like protein and ORD is required for sister-chromatid cohesion, we tested the hypothesis that these two SC assembly pathways depend on two cohesin complexes. Through single- and double-mutant analysis to study the mitotic cohesion proteins Stromalin (SA) and Nipped-B (SCC2) in meiosis, we provide evidence that there are at least two meiosis-specific cohesin complexes. One complex depends on C(2)M, SA, and Nipped-B. Despite the presence of mitotic cohesins SA and Nipped-B, this pathway has only a minor role in meiotic sister-centromere cohesion and is primarily required for homolog interactions. C(2)M is continuously incorporated into pachytene chromosomes even though SC assembly is complete. In contrast, the second complex, which depends on meiosis-specific proteins SOLO, SUNN, and ORD is required for sister-chromatid cohesion, localizes to the centromeres and is not incorporated during prophase. Our results show that the two cohesin complexes have unique functions and are regulated differently. Multiple cohesin complexes may provide the diversity of activities required by the meiotic cell. For example, a dynamic complex may allow the chromosomes to regulate meiotic recombination, and a stable complex may be required for sister-chromatid cohesion.
Seroepidemiology investigation of neutralizing antibody against enterovirus 71 among healthy people in Tianjin

Objective To investigate the latent infection caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71) among healthy people in Tianjin and to provide evidence on prevention and control hand-food and mouth diseases (HFMD). Methods 1611 sera specimens were collected from healthy people in Tianjin while EV71 antibody was detected by neutralization test, and then the results were analyzed statistically. Results For determining positivity, the cut-point was set at 1:4. The positive rate was 66.79%( 1076/1611) for EV71 neutralizing antibody. The lowest positive rate was 32.71% in the 0-5 age group while the highest rate was 76.67% in the 16-25 age group. Significant difference was seen in the positive rates among different age groups. The lowest positive rate (59.05%) was seen in the city areas while the highest rate (72.35%) was seen in the surrounding counties. 5.71% of the people being tested showed their neutralizing antibody as ≥1:256. The difference was statistically significant on positive rates among different areas. We constructed logistic regression models with the EV71 neutralizing antibody positive rate as the dependent variable and age, sex, floating population, area etc. as independent variables. There appeared statistical significances in all the independent variables. Conclusion Age seemed a risk factor for recessive infection of EV71, and the neutralizing antibody against EV71 might not be kept permanently. In order to prevent and control the HFMD, more attention should be paid to the areas where more floating population were resided. Key words: Enterovirus71; Neutralizing antibody; Healthy people; Seroepidemiology
High-speed programmable FPGA Configuration through JTAG

Over the past few decades, the use of reconfigurable computing for aerospace applications has become increasingly common despite its sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Tools are needed to test and implement fault-mitigation mechanisms to increase the reliability of FPGAs in space. This paper introduces a tool called the JTAG Configuration Manager (JCM) that provides high-speed programmable access to the configuration memory of Xilinx FPGAs using the JTAG serial protocol. The JCM consists of a linux-based software library running on an embedded ARM processor paired with a hardware state machine implemented in programmable logic. Two important uses of the JCM are configuration scrubbing and fault injection. The high-speed JTAG interface allows such operations to run at up to 60 MHz, which is several times faster than traditional JTAG FPGA configuration methods. The JCM also has access to the XADC on-chip temperature monitoring and the internal Boundary SCAN, making it useful for many testing and debugging applications.
Meta-analysis of parent-mediated interventions for young children with autism spectrum disorder

A number of studies of parent-mediated interventions in autism spectrum disorder have been published in the last 15 years. We reviewed 19 randomized clinical trials of parent-mediated interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder between the ages of 1 and 6 years and conducted a meta-analysis on their efficacy. Meta-analysis outcomes were autism spectrum disorder symptom severity, socialization, communication-language, and cognition. Quality of evidence was rated as moderate for autism spectrum disorder symptom severity, communication-language, and cognition, and very low for socialization. Weighted Hedges' g varied from 0.18 (communication-language) to 0.27 (socialization) and averaged 0.23 across domains. We also examined the relationship between outcome and dose of parent training, type of control group, and type of informant (parent and clinician). Outcomes were not significantly different based on dose of treatment. Comparing parent training to treatment-as-usual did not result in significantly different treatment effects than when parent training was compared to an active comparison group. Based on parent report only, treatment effects were significant for communication-language and non-significant for socialization, yet the opposite was found based on clinician-rated tools. This meta-analysis suggests that while most outcome domains of parent-delivered intervention are associated with small effects, the quality of research is improving.
Modified Immersive Situated Service Learning: A Social Justice Approach to Professional Communication Pedagogy

Distinctions between traditional service learning and critical service learning with a social justice focus are important when structuring professional writing courses and defining course outcomes....
A corner store intervention to improve access to fruits and vegetables in two Latino communities

Objective Investments have been made to alter the food environment of neighbourhoods that have a disproportionate number of unhealthy food venues. Corner store conversions are one strategy to increase access to fruits and vegetables (F&V). Although the literature shows modest success, the effectiveness of these interventions remains equivocal. The present paper reports on the evaluation of Proyecto MercadoFRESCO, a corner store conversion intervention in two Latino communities. Design A repeated cross-sectional design was employed. Data were stratified by intervention arm and bivariate tests assessed changes over time. Logistic and multiple regression models with intervention arm, time and the interaction of intervention and time were conducted. Supplementary analyses account for clustering of patrons within stores and staggering of store conversions. Setting Three stores were converted and five stores served as comparisons in East Los Angeles and Boyle Heights, California, USA. Subjects Store patrons were interviewed before (n550) and after (n407) the intervention. Results Relative to patrons of comparison stores, patrons of intervention stores demonstrated more favourable perceptions of corner stores and increased purchasing of F&V during that store visit. Changes were not detected in store patronage, percentage of weekly dollars spent on food for F&V or daily consumption of F&V. Conclusions Consistent with some extant food environment literature, findings demonstrate limited effects. Investments should be made in multilevel, comprehensive interventions that target a variety retail food outlets rather than focusing on corner stores exclusively. Complementary policies limiting the availability, affordability and marketing of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods should also be pursued.
Sleep Disturbance after Hospitalization and Critical Illness: A Systematic Review.

Rationale: Sleep disturbance during intensive care unit (ICU) admission is common and severe. Sleep disturbance has been observed in survivors of critical illness even after transfer out of the ICU. Not only is sleep important to overall health and well being, but patients after critical illness are also in a physiologically vulnerable state. Understanding how sleep disturbance impacts recovery from critical illness after hospital discharge is therefore clinically meaningful.Objectives: This Systematic Review aimed to summarize studies that identify the prevalence of and risk factors for sleep disturbance after hospital discharge for critical illness survivors.Data Sources: PubMed (January 4, 2017), MEDLINE (January 4, 2017), and EMBASE (February 1, 2017).Data Extraction: Databases were searched for studies of critically ill adult patients after hospital discharge, with sleep disturbance measured as a primary outcome by standardized questionnaire or objective measurement tools. From each relevant study, w...
Preventing the next mortgage crisis: The meltdown, the federal response, and the future of housing in America, by Dan Immergluck

Dan Immergluck does a fine job covering the subprime mortgage crisis in the recent Great Recession in this succinct, scholarly book. It has an Introduction, followed by five substantial topical cha...
Adopting CS principles in a breadth-first survey course

With the recent launch of AP CS Principles in 2016--17, many efforts are currently underway to share curriculum resources and prepare new teachers. The community has primarily focused on high school implementations, which have different situational factors than university courses (e.g., amount of class time). In this paper, we present the design of a survey course that aligns with CS Principles and also continues the long tradition of breadth-first introductions to computer science at the college level. We describe the instructional strategies, assessments, and curriculum details, providing a model for how to modify existing CS0 courses. We also outline twelve lab activities that support the computational thinking practices and learning objectives of the AP curriculum framework. The course has run successfully for the past four years at two universities and three high schools via dual enrollment. Initial results suggest that the curriculum has a positive impact on student confidence levels and attitudes toward computer science.
DOE Testing of Diffusion Bonded Nickel Joints

Diffusion bonded joints have excellent potential for joining materials to be used in high temperature applications where resistance to creep and high temperature corrosion is essential. This is due to the fact that much of the original material microstructure in the region of the joint can be maintained when compared to alternative processes like arc welding. However, the thermodynamic and kinetic processes involved with the evolution of diffusion bonded joints and their resulting properties are not well understood. In the current work, diffusion bonded joints of commercially-pure nickel were fabricated using brass interlayers. A Design of Experiments (DOE) methodology was used to create a model for both the evolution of the composition of the joints and the resulting room-temperature ultimate strength. Predictions based on the DOE-derived models are compared to actual joint data and the results discussed.
Highly active relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a case report (P6.355)

Objective: We report the case of a 24-year-old woman with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) resistant to several disease modifying therapies (DMT) who ultimately underwent non-myeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). After 2.5 years free of relapses and off DMT, she developed highly active disease recurrence. Background: HSCT has been investigated as a treatment for severe multiple sclerosis (MS) with failed response to standard immunotherapy. Non-myeloablative HSCT studies report a four year relapse-free survival of 80% and progression-free survival of 87%. Another phase II clinical trial using high-dose immunosuppressive therapy with autologous HSCT demonstrated relapse-free survival of 90.9% and progression-free survival of 86.3% at three years. Design/Methods: Case report Results: This patient with RRMS with ongoing clinical and MRI disease activity despite therapies with interferon beta-1a, fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate and methylprednisolone and allergic reaction to natalizumab underwent non-myeloablative HSCT. Afterwards she was relapse free for 2.5 years and remained off DMT, until she had a relapse during her 35 th week of pregnancy characterized by sensory symptoms and a T6 spinal level. She was found to have more than 30 enhancing lesions in the brain and spinal cord. Conclusions: HSCT has shown success in treating patients with MS refractory to standard immunotherapy; however, here we present a case of highly active RRMS only 2.5 years after transplantation in the setting of pregnancy. A phase II trial assessing the effect of HSCT on disease activity measured by MRI has reported a median number of 2.5 lesions over a four year period (range 0–8), while our patient had a significant lesion burden with > 30 lesions detected on MRI. There has been one prior case report of relapsing tumefactive MS 8 years post-HSCT. To our knowledge, no case of relapse during pregnancy following HSCT has been reported previously. Disclosure: Dr. Piquet has nothing to disclose. Dr. Baldassari has nothing to disclose. Dr. Paz Soldan has nothing to disclose.
A Variational Principle Useful in Optimizing Rectangular-Base Shallow Shells

Thin, elastic, shallow shells with constant thickness and rectangular base are considered. The edges are clamped or simply supported, with no in-plane displacements. Buckling under a uniformly distributed load is analyzed. A variational principle is presented and then utilized to optimize the forms of shells with given surface areas. In some cases, the optimal forms possess significantly higher buckling loads than standard forms.
Optimal Mating Strategies for Preferentially Outcrossing Simultaneous Hermaphrodites in the Presence of Predators

The optimal timing for initiating reproduction (i.e., the age at first reproduction) is a critical life history trait describing aspects of an individual’s resource-allocation strategy. Recent theoretical and empirical work has demonstrated that this trait is also tied to mating system expression when individuals have the opportunity to reproduce via both self-fertilization and cross-fertilization. A strategy of “delayed selfing” has emerged as a “best of both worlds” arrangement where, in the absence of a mate, an individual will delay reproduction (selfing) to “wait” for a mate. Herein, we extend previously developed predictive optimization models for the timing of reproduction to a situation where organisms can allocate their resources to size-dependent and size-independent defensive strategies to counter the threat of predation. By incorporating inducible defenses into a predictive framework for analyzing life history expression and evolution, we can more accurately evaluate the role that allocation strategy plays in altering the optimal waiting time. We compare our model to previous models and empirical results highlighting that incorporation of inducible defenses into the model broadens the parameter space in which a waiting time is expected and often leads to a predicted waiting time that is longer than in the situation without inducible defenses. In particular, a waiting time is predicted to exist regardless of the strength of inbreeding depression in the population.
The Psychodynamic Mask Model of Narcissism: Where Is It Now?

According to the psychodynamic mask model of narcissism, the narcissist’s grandiose posturing masks deep-seated insecurities and low self-regard. This conceptualization of grandiose narcissism as fragile self-esteem is pursued within social-personality psychology in tests of three distinct hypotheses: the discrepant self-esteem hypothesis (narcissism reflects high explicit self-esteem combined with low implicit self-esteem); the unstable self-esteem hypothesis (narcissism reflects high trait self-esteem that is unstable and reactive to contexts); and the contingent self-esteem hypothesis (narcissism reflects high self-esteem that is contingent on achievement in agentic domains). Here, we review the background and current state of research on each of these hypotheses. Overall, the contingent self-esteem hypothesis has the most support, likely because it links self-esteem fragility to contingency in agentic domains. Recommendations for researchers include utilizing precise operationalizations of key constructs, seeking evidence of fragility in agentic rather than communal domains, and not conflating “agentic” domains with “nonsocial” domains.
Glycyl Radical Enzyme-Associated Microcompartments: Redox-Replete Bacterial Organelles

An increasing number of microbes are being identified that organize catabolic pathways within self-assembling proteinaceous structures known as bacterial microcompartments (BMCs). Most BMCs are characterized by their singular substrate specificity and commonly employ B12-dependent radical mechanisms. In contrast, a less-well-known BMC type utilizes the B12-independent radical chemistry of glycyl radical enzymes (GREs). Unlike B12-dependent enzymes, GREs require an activating enzyme (AE) as well as an external source of electrons to generate an adenosyl radical and form their catalytic glycyl radical. Organisms encoding these glycyl radical enzyme-associated microcompartments (GRMs) confront the challenge of coordinating the activation and maintenance of their GREs with the assembly of a multienzyme core that is encapsulated in a protein shell. The GRMs appear to enlist redox proteins to either generate reductants internally or facilitate the transfer of electrons from the cytosol across the shell. Despite this relative complexity, GRMs are one of the most widespread types of BMC, with distinct subtypes to catabolize different substrates. Moreover, they are encoded by many prominent gut-associated and pathogenic bacteria. In this review, we will focus on the diversity, function, and physiological importance of GRMs, with particular attention given to their associated and enigmatic redox proteins.
Full-Thickness Cartilage Defects Are Important Independent Predictive Factors for Progression to Total Knee Arthroplasty in Older Adults with Minimal to Moderate Osteoarthritis: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.

BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis (OA) severity on radiographs is not a reliable predictor of symptom severity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether full-thickness defects or OA grade are predictive of the progression to total knee arthroplasty in older patients without end-stage arthritis. METHODS This study included 1,319 adults aged 45 to 79 years (mean age [and standard deviation], 61.0 ± 9.2 years) who were enrolled in the Osteoarthritis Initiative, a prospective multicenter study with median 9-year follow-up data. All participants had Kellgren-Lawrence grade-0 to 3 (no to moderate) OA on bilateral radiographs; patients with grade-4 (severe) OA were excluded. The presence and total surface area of full-thickness cartilage defects on the tibia or the weight-bearing portion of the femoral condyle were determined. The risk of total knee arthroplasty due to defect presence and size as well as OA grade was determined with Cox proportional-hazards modeling after controlling for baseline variables including, but not limited to, age, sex, race, weight, knee alignment, symptom severity, quality-of-life scores, and activity level. RESULTS Four hundred and ninety-six patients (37.6%) had full-thickness defects. The incidence of knee arthroplasty was 0.57% per person-year for adults without a full-thickness defect and 2.15% for those with a defect. After adjusting for confounders, the presence of a full-thickness defect increased the risk of total knee arthroplasty regardless of OA grade, with higher risk demonstrated for larger (≥2 cm) defects (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.27 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.70 to 10.3]; p < 0.001) compared with smaller (<2 cm) defects (HR = 2.65 [95% CI = 1.60 to 4.37]; p < 0.001). Compared with nonarthritic knees (grade 0 to 1), mild arthritis (grade 2) did not increase total knee arthroplasty risk (HR = 0.71 [95% CI = 0.31 to 1.60]); moderate arthritis (grade 3) increased total knee arthroplasty risk in adults without a full-thickness defect (HR = 3.15 [95% CI = 1.34 to 7.40]; p = 0.009) but not in adults with a defect (HR = 0.64 [95% CI = 0.28 to 1.49]; p = 0.30). CONCLUSIONS Full-thickness cartilage defects were a major determinant of future knee arthroplasty in older adults with minimal to moderate OA, even after adjusting for baseline knee symptom severity. Baseline radiographic severity grade was only associated with future total knee arthroplasty risk in the absence of a full-thickness defect. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The idea of the Biblical economics: Utopia or chance in the face of the contemporary transformations of the sphere of work

The future of labour appears as one of the crucial themes of the sociological and economic reflections. Sociologists and economists proclaim a shrinking scope of labour and, consequently, a certain elitism of jobs. In their opinion, professional work will be a privilege for those who are more skilled and better educated, and those who are able to face the challenges of the rapid technological progress. This will be causing an unknown future of the reality of both common unemployment and enforced idleness, and, consequently, a deep social transformation. Questions related to human labour from the very beginning are an important field of involvement for the ecumenical movement. Theologians and churchmen of different Christian confessions, while striving for unity, put the stress on the common reflection and activity in order to counteract poverty and unemployment. An example is a biblical economics developed in the ecumenical movement, an attempt to apply both some specific biblical economic ideas and biblical general model of economic relations to the contemporary economic systems, to make them more just and more ecological. This article presents the most important elements of the biblical economics and considers their relevance for the sphere of human labour in the perspective of the oncoming crisis. Research methods encompass analysis of the presentations developed within the World Council of Churches as well as some sociological diagnosis concerning professional and wage work.
New Relationships, New Realities: Bringing Preservice Teachers and a Preservice Principal Together in a Professional Preparation Program:

This paper describes an innovative professional preparation program in which preservice teachers and an intern principal came together during their field placements to share their experiences, noti...
But Which One is Right?: Using Competing Interpretations of Easter Island to Teach Historiographical Thinking

Many history education scholars argue that high school and college history students should not just learn content—information about “what happened” in the past—but also learn how to “do” history. Thus, students should hone various skills to become more mature historical thinkers, researchers, and writers. One such skill is what might be called “historiographical thinking,” which (among other capacities) involves the ability to grasp, compare, and assess competing historical interpretations of a given topic. This article offers theoretical justification for teaching historiographical thinking in survey courses, and then discusses a multi-day lesson built around two competing explanations of purported societal collapse on Rapa Nui (Easter Island). In this lesson, students practice deconstructing competing arguments, identifying key points of disagreement between opposing perspectives, and determining which interpretation is most compelling. In particular, the lesson emphasizes the importance of identifying an author’s agenda, and how a scholar’s underlying motives might compromise the reliability of their findings. Thus, this article offers a practical, concrete example of how to teach historiographical thinking in the high school and college classroom.
Lattice strain mapping of cracks and indentations in UO2 using synchrotron microdiffraction

Abstract Fractures and cracks commonly found in UO2 fuel in nuclear reactors have been studied for decades. In this study, an advanced synchrotron micro X-ray diffraction (μXRD) technique was used to study lattice strain development in cracking and indentation regions of micro-indented UO2 materials. A stoichiometric UO2 sample prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) was indented with a microscale Vickers indenter. The cracks and other defects on the sample surface observed in scanning electron microscope were correlated to the micro-diffraction measurements by Laue diffraction signal intensities, so that the lattice strains developed in those microstructures could be precisely mapped. The highest and lowest strained areas were found near the indentation tip and within the “open” crack, respectively. Induced by the residual stress, the lattice strain near the indentation was found to progressively decrease radially from the indentation boundary.
Novel hybrid solar tower-gas turbine combined power cycles using supercritical carbon dioxide bottoming cycles

Abstract In this study, two novel hybrid solar power tower-gas turbine combined power cycles are proposed, in which two supercritical CO2 (s-CO2) power cycles connected in series are driven by waste energy from a gas turbine cycle partially driven by a solar power tower. The solar power tower system provides a high-temperature thermal energy up to 1223 K. Each of the two novel schemes consists of a combined cycle with configuration 1 combining an s-CO2 recompression cycle and an s-CO2 recuperative cycle as bottoming cycles. Configuration 2 replaces the recompression cycle with an s-CO2 partial cooling cycle. Another objective is to evaluate the suitability of the two novel configurations against two conventional combined cycles including a bottoming steam Rankine cycle driven by a single-pressure heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) and dual-pressure HRSG. A thermodynamic and economic analysis is conducted for the plants, all sized at 50 MWe, and found that while configuration 1 has the lowest overall cycle efficiency of 0.4608, it exhibits the lowest levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of $83.16/MWh, due to its compact components. The highest overall cycle efficiency of 0.5066 is obtained for the configuration that employs a bottoming steam Rankine cycle with dual-pressure HRSG, which exhibits an LCOE of $85.08/MWh. Transient analysis of the cycle configuration 1 further highlighted a high solar share over 0.652 during the month of June. A sensitivity analysis examined the effect of the maximum and minimum pressures and the compressor inlet temperature of the two bottoming s-CO2 cycles, and design direct normal irradiance (DNI) on power plant performance, required field size, and LCOE. The lowest LCOE of $80.90/MWh for configuration 1 is realized when the compressor inlet temperatures approach 308 K for both s-CO2 cycles. Increasing the design DNI levels corresponds to a significant decrease in LCOE but results in lower solar shares.
Late Intermediate Period Plant Use at a Colla Hillfort, Puno, Peru (AD 1300–1450)

In the Lake Titicaca Basin during the Late Intermediate period (LIP; AD 1100–1450), people's lives were overwhelmingly structured by warfare. Previous research in the region has shed light on how martial conflict between and possibly among competing ethnic groups motivated people to live in fortified villages on defensive hilltops. At the same time, there was a centuries-long drought that threatened agricultural production. Little is known about the plant use of people living in hillforts during this arduous time. Drawing on macrobotanical information collected from Ayawiri, one of the largest hillforts in the northern Titicaca Basin, I argue that the food stuffs and plants used were locally grown. Additionally, these findings indicate a possible departure from earlier symbolically charged and ritually important plant consumption practices based on the lack of imported maize. This research sheds light on how people adapted their domestic and agricultural strategies to warfare and climate change during the LIP.
New Recipes for Brownian Loop Soups

We define a large new class of conformal primary operators in the ensemble of Brownian loops in two dimensions known as the ``Brownian loop soup,'' and compute their correlation functions analytically and in closed form. The loop soup is a conformally invariant statistical ensemble with central charge $c = 2 \lambda$, where $\lambda > 0$ is the intensity of the soup. Previous work identified exponentials of the layering operator $e^{i \beta N(z)}$ as primary operators. Each Brownian loop was assigned $\pm 1$ randomly, and $N(z)$ was defined to be the sum of these numbers over all loops that encircle the point $z$. These exponential operators then have conformal dimension ${\frac{\lambda}{10}}(1 - \cos \beta)$. Here we generalize this procedure by assigning a more general random value to each loop. The operator $e^{i \beta N(z)}$ remains primary with conformal dimension $\frac {\lambda}{10}(1 - \phi(\beta))$, where $\phi(\beta)$ is the characteristic function of the probability distribution used to assign random values to each loop. Using recent results we compute in closed form the exact two-point functions in the upper half-plane and four-point functions in the full plane of this very general class of operators. These correlation functions depend analytically on the parameters $\lambda, \beta_i, z_i$, and on the characteristic function $\phi(\beta)$. They satisfy the conformal Ward identities and are crossing symmetric. As in previous work, the conformal block expansion of the four-point function reveals the existence of additional and as-yet uncharacterized conformal primary operators.
Chemical processes for recovery and purification of high-purity uranium-234 from aged plutonium-238

This work describes a streamlined approach to the recovery and purification of 234U from aged 238Pu. Key modifications to conventional techniques are described that result in an efficient uranium and plutonium separation process that successfully produced tens of grams of ultrahigh purity 234U at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. A new processing scheme was developed using an anion exchange column run in a cycling mode with HNO3 media as the primary uranium purification process. This was followed with a uranyl peroxide precipitation step to purify and solidify the uranium before conversion to U3O8. Both the traditional uranyl peroxide precipitation method and a new cascade uranyl peroxide precipitation process were used for final purification of the 234U.
Non-Coaxial OAM: Precoding Design, Misaligned Parameter Estimation and Capacity Compensation

Uniform Circular Antenna (UCA) is a convenient way to generate multiple Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) beams simultaneously, and OAM-MIMO is promised to be an augmentation to enhance capacity. In this paper, concentric UCA which is an elaborate arrangement of MIMO antennas is adopted. OAM-MIMO transceiver mode selection and precoding architectures are proposed to improve the coaxial capacity performance. Non-coaxial parameters and their effect on mathematical channel matrix are analyzed, and modified non-coaxial parameters are further introduced to simplify the channel expression. Using the central antenna to separate transmitting (TX) misalignment and receiving (RX) misalignment, modified non-coaxial parameters and deviation matrices can be obtained with reduced complexity, dealing with the lack of non-coaxial parameters in practice. Moreover, to make for the orthogonality between different OAM modes, pre-transmitting and pre-receiving matrices are designed employing estimated modified non-coaxial parameters or deviation matrices to transfer the non-coaxial channel into a block circulant one. The provided simulation results verify the superiority of the proposed mode-selection and precoding design as well as the effectiveness of the proposed non-coaxial pre-processing scheme.
Extending fibrations of knot complements to ribbon disk complements

We show that if K is a fibered ribbon knot in S3=∂B4 bounding a ribbon disk D, then, given an extra transversality condition, the fibration on S3∖ν(K) extends to a fibration of B4∖ν(D). This partially answers a question of Casson and Gordon. In particular, we show the fibration always extends when D has exactly two local minima. More generally, we construct movies of singular fibrations on 4–manifolds and describe a sufficient property of a movie to imply the underlying 4–manifold is fibered over S1.
IFN-ε Mediates TNF-α-Induced STAT1 Phosphorylation and Induction of Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene-I in Human Cervical Cancer Cells

Retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) plays important roles during innate immune responses to viral infections and as a transducer of cytokine signaling. The mechanisms of RIG-I up-regulation after cytokine stimulation are incompletely characterized. It was previously reported that IFN-gamma induces the expression of RIG-I in endothelial cells. In this study, we characterized the mechanism of type I IFN-mediated up-regulation of RIG-I in HeLa cells and found that, in addition to type I IFN, TNF-alpha, a cytokine that regulates innate immune responses, induced expression of RIG-I. To investigate whether TNF-alpha- and type I IFN-mediated up-regulations of RIG-I were causally related, we studied the kinetics of these responses. Our results were consistent with a model in which TNF-alpha functioned upstream of type I IFNs. The ability of TNF-alpha to up-regulate RIG-I required protein synthesis, expression of functional type I IFNRs, and STAT1 signaling. We also found that IFN-epsilon was the only IFN isoform expressed constitutively in HeLa cells and that its expression was up-regulated in response to stimulation with TNF-alpha. The mechanism of up-regulation involved stabilization of IFN-epsilon mRNA in the absence of transcriptional activation. Silencing the expression of IFN-epsilon attenuated STAT1 expression and phosphorylation and inhibited RIG-I expression, providing additional support for the participation of IFN-epsilon upstream of STAT1. Our findings support a sequential mechanism whereby TNF-alpha leads to stabilization of IFN-epsilon mRNA, increased IFN-epsilon synthesis, engagement of type I IFNRs, increased STAT1 expression and phosphorylation, and up-regulation of RIG-I expression. These findings have implications for our understanding of the immune responses that follow cytokine stimulation.
Perturbation Analysis of a Token Bus Protocol for Network Performance Management

This paper presents an application of perturbation analysis (PA) to performance management of multiple-access computer networks. It is shown how the PA technique enables a discrete-event simulation program to calculate the network performance stimulated by perturbation in priority timer settings of a linear token passing protocol in concurrence with simulation or on-line operation of the network with nominal parameter settings. By feeding this information to the stochastic optimization program(s) (that could be resident in the network management system), the priority timer settings are updated to improve the network performance. This procedure for performance management offers a step forward to bridging the gap between management standards and users' demands for efficient network operation since most standards such as ISO OSI and IEEE address only the network management architecture and interfaces. An on-line performance management procedure that uses the concepts of perturbation analysis, stochastic optimization and learning automaton is proposed for future research.
Facade Easement: Inexpert Valuation

The article discusses the recent Dunlap decision, which involved facade easement transfers to the National Architectural Trust, a qualified charity that preserves building easements across the country, although most are in New York City. Although allowing a deduction for their cash contributions to NAT to enforce the easement and not finding any penalties applicable, the Tax Court held that despite two valuation reports written by accepted valuation experts, the taxpayers had not established any value for their easement.
Statistical characterization and modeling of analog functional blocks

A methodology for statistical characterization and modeling of analog functional blocks, including inter-block and intra-block correlations is presented in this paper. The functional blocks are statistically characterized in the proposed model by a small number of postulated random variables. The related model parameter extraction is described. An OTA-C filter is used to demonstrate the proposed modeling method. Very good agreement with the Monte Carlo circuit analysis was obtained. >
Distorted Packaging: Marketing Depression as Illness, Drugs as Cure

Prominent consumer depression manuals issued in recent years circulate a standard depression script as scientific knowledge. The script, asserting that a broad spectrum of depressions are brain illnesses that require antidepressant treatment, is in fact highly contested among researchers. This paper reviews the logical problematics of these manuals, and how such discourse promotes the diagnosis and pharmaceutical treatment of behaviors ranging from mild symptoms to severe depression. In keeping with the trends of pharmaceutical advertising and State health policy, these manuals encourage consumers to self-scrutinize risky behavior, and to treat common behavioral and mood distresses with antidepressants. Ultimately, these activities of self-management function to produce a more productive citizen population.